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Ag statistician: State, US corn, soy acreage up
The August crop production report will be the first indication of what 2020 corn and soybean yields will look like, according to Greg Bussler, Wisconsin state statistician with the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s National Agricultural Statistics Service.
That report will be released on Aug. 12.
Bussler said July 23 during the Wisconsin Department of Agriculture, Trade and Consumer Protection Board meeting that the USDA NASS Wisconsin office is also working on surveys for county agricultural practices, small grains, and row crops this fall.
“We use the survey to set our county-level acreage and production estimates,” Bussler said. “It’s important data for crop government programs.”
Bussler said NASS will also be doing a vegetable chemical-use survey in October and November. The data collected from the vegetable crop chemical-use survey is used by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in re-registration of chemicals.
According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture National Agricultural Statistics Service June Acreage report, as of June 1, Wisconsin farmers intended to plant 4 million acres of corn. That is an increase of 100,000 acres from March intentions and up 200,000 acres from 2019. An estimated 2.9 million acres are forecast to be harvested for grain. An estimated 90% of 2020 corn acres were planted using biotechnology varieties.
In the U.S., corn planted area for all purposes in 2020 is estimated at 92 million acres, up 3% from last year. Compared with last year, planted acreage is expected to be up or unchanged in 28 of the 48 estimating states.
Soybean acreage in Wisconsin is estimated at 2.05 million acres planted, up 100,000 acres from March intentions and up 300,000 acres from last year. Wisconsin’s soybean acreage was planted with 89% herbicide resistant varieties.
Across the country, soybean planted area for 2020 is estimated at a record high 83.8 million acres, up 10% from last year, Bussler said.
The report also showed total dry hay expected to be harvested for 2020 estimated at 1.07 million acres, down 230,000 acres from 2019.
Milk production in Wisconsin during June 2020 totaled 2.55 billion pounds, down 1% from the previous June, according to the latest USDA NASS Milk Production report. Monthly production per cow averaged 2,030 pounds, down 10 pounds from last June.
Milk production in the 24 major milk-producing states during June totaled 17.4 billion pounds, up 0.5% from June 2019. May revised production, at 18.0 billion pounds, was down 0.5% from May 2019. The May revision represented an increase of 93 million pounds or 0.5% from last month’s preliminary production estimate.
Milk production in South Dakota was up almost 10% in May, Bussler said.
As of July 1, Wisconsin had 7,079 milk cow herds, down 582 herds from last July.
Wisconsin’s 2020 maple syrup production was 265,000 gallons, down 5,000 gallons from 2019. The number of taps decreased by 20,000 in 2020 to 780,000 taps. The maple syrup season averaged 29 days for state producers, five days longer than last year.
Wisconsin egg production during June 2020 was 188 million eggs, down 4% from last month but up 1% from last year, according to the latest Chickens and Eggs report from the USDA’s National Agricultural Statistics Service.
The average number of all layers on hand during June 2020 was 7.77 million, up 2% from last month and up 6% from last year. | |
Damped Spring Oscillations
Apparatus:
PC, DL128 data logger with a DISTANCE sensor with sonic transmitter, G-clamp, clamp stand with clamp & boss, spring with 500g mass attached to a piece of card, metre ruler.
Introduction:
In this experiment you are going to use a data-logger to show how the amplitude of the oscillation of a mass on the end of a spring varies with time. You are also going to note how the speed and acceleration of the oscillating mass varies with displacement. These variations will be shown graphically on the computer monitor. Please follow the instructions below carefully remembering that computers and their software are stupid!
Procedure:
1. The PC has already been switched on and the data logger and sensor have already been wired up to it. DO NOT SWITCH OFF THE PC OR ALTER THE WIRING. Switch on the distance sensor (Press 'ON' button). It should cause the sonic transmitter to emit a clicking noise. A click is produced twenty times per second.
2. Place the sonic transmitter on the floor facing upwards (see diagram). Position the card under the mass on the end of the spring so that the card is about 0.7m above the sonic transmitter. The distance sensor should show the actual distance. Ensure that the spring is well clamped at its top and that the clamp stand is firmly held onto the bench with the G-clamp.
Setting up the program:
S1. On the PC double click on the DATADISC PRO icon and wait for the program to load. After a few seconds a screen containing menus should appear.
S2. From the MEASURE menu select "RECORD". The Recording Choice Demon screen should appear.
S3. Click on NEXT SIX times until a recording interval option screen appears showing '200ms'. Change this to 100ms then click NEXT and FINISH.
S4. A window containing graph axes should now appear. Maximise this window.
Collecting Data:
C1. READ ALL OF THIS PARAGRAPH BEFORE DOING ANYTHING!
To collect data you initiate the computer by pressing the green RECORD icon (next to what looks like a tape recorder below the menu bar). When you have done this the distance sensor will measure the distance vertically between the sonic transmitter and the card attached to the mass (initially about 0.70m). It will measure this distance every 0.1 second (100ms) over a total time of two minutes. The computer screen will show a graph of this distance against time.
C2. Displace the mass downwards by about 15cm and let go.Click RECORD and wait for two minutes. AVOID approaching the mass during this time. You should see a small, blue sinusoidal trace appearing on the computer screen.
C3. After two minutes the graph scales will be readjusted and you should see the typical pattern of a damped oscillation. (If something has gone wrong then restart from stage S2)
C4 Print out this trace.
C5 The decay of the spring's oscillations should be exponential. Use your trace to measure the amplitude of oscillation at about eight time points during the two minutes. Tabulate your measurements.
C6 On the menu bar select DATA and the option 'Calculate'. Click the 'da/dt' box and then the calculate button. This will calculate the speed variation of the mass and display it on your graph as a red curve.
C7 Again on the menu bar select DATA and the option 'Calculate'. Again click the 'da/dt' box BUT NOW FROM THE BOTTOM DROP DOWN MENU select 'a = speed' and then click the calculate button. This will calculate the acceleration variation of the mass and display it on your graph as a green curve. By this stage your screen will look a total mess.
C8 On the menu bar select GRAPH and the option 'Scale time'. Follow the instructions in red at the bottom of your screen to display about a five second period only on the time axis.
C9 Look at the three traces and answer the questions below:
Questions & analysis:
1. If the displacement (blue line) variation is sinusoidal how would you describe the speed (red) and acceleration (green) variations?
2. Estimate the period of the oscillation and use the equationto estimate the spring constant () of the spring.
3. Use your results table (from C5) to draw a graph ofagainst time.
4. If the decay of the amplitude is exponential then the amplitudedecays from an initial valueover a period of timeaccording to the relationship
(i) Use your graph to find the value of the constant
(ii) What is the physical significance of the- intercept of your graph? | https://astarmathsandphysics.com/a-level-physics-notes/experimental-physics/2680-damped-spring-oscillations.html |
A lack of effective communication between the cockpit crew and cabin crew may restrain the flow of safety-critical information which can prevent the happening of aviation accident or incident. Some investigators found that recently several accidents and a large number of incidents were caused by a lack of communication between cockpit crew and cabin crews, in where for whatever reasons cabin crews failed to deliver the safety-critical information to the flight deck or their delivered information was ignored by pilots. One case that probably represents this situation is the accident of Air Ontario F-28 (Chute & Wiener, 1996).
On March10, 1989. A Fokker F-28-1000 Fellowship operated by Air Ontario (Flight 1363) from Thunder By to Winnipeg via Dryden crashed upon take-off from Dryden, Canada, due to ice and snow building on the wings; the accident killed 24 people on board (Wikipedia, 2011). However, before the aircraft took off, a stewardess, Sonia Hartwick found that there was snow on the wings, but she failed to convey this vitally operational information to the cockpit. The reason was that she had an ashamed experience from the another flight , where she called the cockpit crew with a safety-related concern, but without polits’ responsiveness. Thus, she thought that the pilots would not be appreciative of the operational information from the flight attendant. Hartwick testified that she perceived that Air Ontario’s management would not like to encourage the flight attendant to voice any operational concerns. She also gave the excessive trust on professionalism of the pilots; she believed they were able to be aware to the entire situation. Likewise, one off-duty airline pilot also realized this situation of snow on the wings, but he did not inform the cockpit crew because he would not like to 'encroach on other pilot’s authority' (Chute et al, 1996).
The causes of the ineffective communication between cockpit crew and cabin crew
The flight attendant’s hesitation
Being afraid to face the possibility of rebuke from pilots and feeling unwelcome of voicing operational concerns to cockpit are the factors which make cabin crew members hesitate to convey the vital information to flight deck. Why is a fully qualified flight attendant reluctant to inform what she considers vital information to the cockpit crew? There could be two possible reasons; one reason is that the flight attendants may fear to face the possibility of reprehension from the pilots, because they are not sure whether the information they reported is correct, helpful, or accepted. Chute and Wiener’s study (1996) found that some of flight attendants are not confident in their ability of describing the parts of plane and mechanical failure of the aircraft. The results, as described in Figure.1, disclose that 58% of responders (125 flight attendants participated the survey) is moderately or less accurate to describe the the parts or malfunction of airplane. Another reason of the flight attendant's hesitation to convey information to cockpit is that flight attendant probably thinks that the pilot is not appreciative of the operational information from the cabin crew, because their past experiences tell them the information they reported may simply be ignored by cockpit due to their lack of responsiveness. (Chute et al, 1996)
Figure1. 125 flight attendants from two airlines participated into the survey, and answered the question of “how confident are you about your ability to accurately describe to the pilots parts or malfunctions of the aircraft that are visible to you (such as the flaps or the horizontal stabilizer)” (Chute et al, 1996, p.8)? The question is come up with a symmetrical distribution across the 5-point scale from the scale of not at all to scale of very. Result reveals that just nearly 20% of the responders feel very confidents about their ability to accurately describe the pilots parts and malfunction of airplane. However, almost 58 % responded moderately or less. (Chute et al, 1996)
Over-emphasis on Sterile Cockpit Rule
Air carrier’s training programs significantly over-emphasize the rule of Sterile Cockpit.1 Sterile cockpit rule states that during a crucial phase of flight (e.g. taxi, take-off, and landing), there is to be no any activity which may distract cockpit crew members. Particularly, ‘nonessential conversations between the pilots and the flight attendants are forbidden’. It is this clause which has made the huge confusion in interpretation by air carriers and fight crew members. They normally interpret this to mean under no circumstances do they distract the cockpit, even though there is an unmanageable cabin situation. Chute and Wiener (1996) argue that “nothing has caused more confusion among cabin crew members than the so-called ‘sterile cockpit’ rule” (p.5). Although the intention of this rule is good, its application has led to flight attendants in fear of breaking the law, and has required them to judge about technical problems that is beyond their professional knowledge (Chute et al, 1996).
Cockpit Skepticism of Cabin Report of Danger
Cockpit crew is sometimes sceptical about the information and the problems reported by flight attendants (Chute et al, 1996).
In 1988, when an American Airlines flight approached into Nashville, one of on board flight attendants and an off-duty first officer informed the flight deck that there was smoke in the cabin, but the captain was sceptical about the their report. On the previous flight, this aircraft had a mechanical problem of auxiliary power unit (APU) that resulted in fumes. This time the problem was caused by the incorrect packaged hazardous materials. Later, the cabin floor was becoming soft, and some of passengers had to be re-seated; the flight attendant hence noticed the captain once again with this more serious condition, but the captain still refused to acknowledge that there was serious problem in the cabin which was threating the safety of aircraft and passengers. No emergency procedures were taken for this jeopardy situation. It consequently resulted in that passengers and crew cannot be immediately evacuated from the airplane on landing, exposing them to threat of smoke and fire longer than necessary. The NTSB determined that the cabin crew adopted CRM techniques well, but the cockpit crew did not. In this case, the NTSB found that “a deficiency in communication between the cockpit and cabin crews and expressed concern about the reluctance by the captain to accept either crew member's report as valid or to seek additional information” (Chute et al, 1996, p.4).
Unfixed team formation and separate briefing
Unfixed team formation and separate briefing for the pilots and the flight attendants are the another cause for ineffective communication between two crews. The high productivity that produced by hub-and spoke operational system has to some extent reduced the crew cohesiveness. It is rarely to see the cabin crew and cockpit crew flying on entire trip together, especially in domestic operation, usually there are several crew alternately a day. Under this situation, the cabin and cockpit crew seldom greet each other due to the fast-paced operation, and there is no enough opportunity for this “temporary team” to improve its cohesiveness. Sometimes “the flight attendants are surprisingly that the pilots (particularly the captain) fail to introduce themselves as they board the aircraft” (cited as Chute et al, 1996, p.3). Although for the international operation the crews may stay together longer, the team is still built on “today’s environment”, crews barely meet each other after the flight. Besides, in some airlines they provide separate rooms (even, two rooms are not at the same level of terminal building) for the cockpit crew and cabin crew for briefing, which significantly reduce the opportunity for two crews' communication.(Chute et al, 1996)
Different chain of command
The inefficient communication between cockpit and cabin crews is also caused by an ambiguous chain of command. Normally, the flight attendants take care of the whole cabin, and the pilots are not engaged in passenger service, except in special circumstance, such as medical emergency. Typically, there is a lead flight attendant (also called as “A line” or Chief) who command the other flight attendants in the cabin. In general, the lead flight attendant has highest authority in cabin crew, and may have responsibility for any important decisions, particular ones relating in safety rather than passenger services. She/ he is also the cabin personnel with whom the cockpit crew need deal with. However, in fact the lead flight attendant does not tend to use much authority: the relationship between lead and other cabin crew members is not constructed as well as the relationship between the captain and other cockpit crew members. “The cabin is organized along a loose chain of command; the lead flight attendant does not, as a strict chain of command would dictate, serve as the exclusive link between cabin and cockpit” (Chute et al, 1996, p.7) Other flight attendants are seldom allowed to walk into the cockpit. The culture of cockpit crew is built upon the basis of military discipline, with clear structure of hierarchy, powerfully enforcing authority lines. The culture of cabin crew tend to be more equalitarian (egalitarian), it is not usual to see that the flight attendants inform a lead flight attendant with the information for the flight deck, rather than reporting it themselves. (Chute et al, 1996)
Remedies
The section is going to give some of suggests and recommendations for improving the communication between cockpit crew and cabin crew.
Clarification of sterile cockpit rule
The first suggestion is recommended to the FAA to clarify the meaning and enforcement of FAR121.542 in order to reduce the possibility of misinterpretation of the rule; the FAR should give airlines more guidance in application of this rulle (Chute et al, 1996).
Re-examine the training of sterile cockpit rule
In order to reduce the misunderstanding or misinterpretation of sterile cockpit rule to crews, the air carrier also need to clarify the meaning and intention of enforcement of the rule; the training should reemphasize the importance of effective communication for the flight safety, rather than choke legitimate communication. (Chute et al , 1996).
Requirement of joint CRM training
The joint cockpit and cabin crew training is strongly recommended for airlines in order to improve the two crews’ coordination and communication; joint training may provide great opportunity for cockpit crew and cabin crews to communicate and familiarize each other, and to practice their coordination, particularly for the emergency procedure (Chute et al, 1996).
Reemphasize the important the pre-crew briefings
The pre-flight crew briefings given by the captain in-command may increase the flight attendant’s acknowledgement as part of the team, and improve the cohesive relationships between the cockpit and cabin crews (Chute et al, 1996).
The briefing must be concise and comprehensive, an example of what a captain’s briefing may say:
“Let's start with the sterile cockpit policy. Don't you [cabin crew] worry about it! Let me do that. If anything happens that concerns you and you think we should know about it, pick up the phone and give us a call, or come see us. I'll let you know if it's a poor time to talk. We need and want to hear from you” (as cited in Chute et al, 1996, p.11).
Providing aircraft technical training for flight attendants
The technical training can provide the flight attendant the opportunities to learn the basic knowledge of airplane terminology, and give them more confidence of communicating safety critical information to the cockpit, such as being able to describe mechanical parts or malfunctions of the aircraft, and reporting the information in accurate and timely manner (Chute et al, 1996).
Jump seat familiarization flights for cabin crew
An observation flight in the jump seat offers a great opportunity for the flight attendants to familiarize the duties of pilots, especially about the variation in pilot's workload. Chute and Wiener (1996) believe that “jump seat familiarisation has great potential for training and for improving communication between the two crews” (p.13).
Changing the company philosophy concerning flight crew authority (the chain of command)
In order to optimize the coordination between the cockpit and cabin crews, airlines should appoint one of cabin crew member (e.g. lead flight attendant) to engage into the chain of command to the cockpit, and give this crew member with additional responsibility for exclusively serving as the linkage between cabin and cockpit; or airlines may place the cabin crew under the same authority of cockpit, for the sake of consistency in training, policy, and procedure (Chute et al, 1996).
Reference
Air Ontario Flight 1363. (2011, August 13). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Ontario_Flight_1363
Chute, R. D., & Wiener, E. L. (1996). Cockpit/cabin communication II: Shall we tell the pilots? The International Journal of Aviation Psychology, 6(3). 211-231. Retrieved from Google Scholar: http://scholar.google.co.nz/scholar
Want to know more? | http://aviationknowledge.wikidot.com/aviation:cockpit-cabin-communication:the-causes-of-the-ineff |
- Candidates should have experience in the following:
- NIST Frameworks
- ITIL v4 best practices
- IT security and control best practices
- Skills and Certifications that are good to have but not required:
- Certification in information security
- Advance knowledge in OSI framework
- ITIL v4 Certified
- Ensure standard parameters of systems and network used by Entrego is within best practices
- Coordinate the continuous development, implementation and updating of security and privacy policies, standards, guidelines, baselines, processes, and procedures in compliance with local regulations and standards.
- Develop and manage the frameworks, processes, tools, and consultancy necessary for IT to properly manage risk and to make risk-based decisions to IT activities.
- Proactive identification and mitigation of IT risks as well as responding to observations identified by the third-party auditors while assisting in the development of periodic reports and presenting the level of controls compliance and current IT risk posture.
- Assist Entrego with the audits and facilitate management response and remediation efforts. | https://entrego.com.ph/job-info/information-security-compliance-officer-2 |
Convert 11e-8 to decimal number
Here you will see step by step solution to convert 11e-8 scientific number to decimal. 11e-8 conversion to decimal is 0.00000011, please check the explanation that how to convert 11e-8 to as a decimal.
Answer: 11e-8 as a decimal is
= 0.00000011
How to convert 11e-8 to number?
To convert the scientific notation 11e-8 number simply multiply the coefficient part with by 10 to the power of exponent[-8]. Scientific notation 11e-8 is same as 1.1 × 10-7.
Solution for 11e-8 to number
Follow these easy steps to convert 11e-8 to number-
Given scientific notation is => 11e-8
e = 10
11 = Coefficient
-8 = Exponent=> 11e-8 = 1.1 × 10-7
= 0.00000011
Hence, the 11e-8 is in decimal number form is 0.00000011. | https://calculatorsonline.org/scientific-notation-to-decimal/11e-8 |
How To Help Injured Athletes Get Back In The Game
It’s one of the most dreaded sounds an athlete can hear – a pop in the knee that indicates something has just gone seriously wrong.
A worst-case scenario is a torn ACL (anterior cruciate ligament), which can sideline an athlete for a season and even end their career.
An ACL tear can injure more than the knee. It can fill even young athletes with the fear that they will not be able to play sports again. | https://oahct.com/how-to-help-injured-athletes-get-back-in-the-game/ |
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When does a power of attorney get preference to be named as guardian?
God love our Indiana guardianship code… There are times when a petition for guardianship is filed because a prospective ward’s attorney-in-fact under an existing power of attorney is either not doing their job, or not doing it well. Under our guardianship code, does the power of attorney have any priority in the consideration of who […]
There’s No Such Thing As Guardian of the Person . . . | http://scoutguardianship.com/blog/ |
Everett’s metaphor, predicting the equivalent of new continents in the study of boron compounds.
“We have only scratched the surface,” said Brown, who shared the prize with University of Heidelberg chemist
Georg Wittig for developing boron-and phosphorous-containing compounds into important reagents in
organic synthesis.
“It will require another generation of chemists to settle that continent and to utilize it for the good of
mankind,” Brown said. “But is there any reason to believe that this is the last continent of its kind? Surely not.”
He was right.
By the mid-1980s, Brown’s reagents had contributed to the development of Lipitor and Prozac, two
blockbuster pharmaceuticals that have helped revolutionize treatments for high cholesterol and depression
respectively. Brown’s impact continues today, says P. V. Ramachandran, a Purdue chemistry professor and
longtime Brown research associate who works in boron and fluorine chemistry.
“More and more chemists are contributing to the area of boron compounds, which has great impact in many
aspects of societal needs,” Ramachandran says. Among those needs are hydrogen research for alternate energy
and the use of organic synthetic methodologies to lower the cost of chemicals in electronics.
“The ‘boron continent’ that Brown discovered is getting populated with time,” Ramachandran says. | K.M.
HERBER T BROWN
“Why did I decide to undertake
my doctorate research in the
exotic field of boron hydrides? As
it happened, my girlfriend, Sarah
Baylen, soon to become my wife,
presented me with a graduation gift,
Alfred Stock’s book, The Hydrides
of Boron and Silicon. I read this
book and became interested in the
subject. How did it happen that she
selected this particular book? This
was the time of the Depression. | http://vpr.freeflowdp.com/vpr/3536581842535564?pg=22 |
The same process is used in the manufacture of yogurt, but the reaction is controlled carefully to ensure the production of a consumable product. Acetoacetate in high concentrations is absorbed by cells other than those in the liver and enters a different pathway via 1,2-propanediol. Energy is used to synthesise adenosine triphosphate (ATP which acts as a short-term energy store in cells. Like many condensation reactions in nature, DNA replication and DNA transcription also consumes ATP. BSC 2010L 06/19/2013 Abstract: Eating is a basic essential of life that most people dont pay much mind till theyre hungry. Vaughan, Martha; Hill, Robert.; Simoni, Robert. What was once smooth, creamy milk becomes chunky, lumpy, and completely unappetizing. Free Adenosine triphosphate, Carbon dioxide, Cellular respiration 2364 Words 8 Pages Open Document Milk Curdling lumpy milk poured from an outdated jug or lemon juice added to warm milk. Our hypothesis was that the door knob would have the most bacteria and that the door handle would. Premium Adenosine triphosphate, Carbon dioxide, Cellular respiration 2080 Words 7 Pages Open Document disinfectant and antibiotics effect on bacteria method time). A b Storer,.; Cornish-Bowden,. Raw milk is a colloid because there are fat clumps floating around.
Premium Anaerobic respiration, Brewing, Carbon dioxide 873 Words 5 Pages Open Document Sciece Fair Essay: short essay on cellular respiration Bacteria That Grow in Spoiled Goats Milk, Sheeps Milk, Skim Milk, and 2 Milk Bacteria that Grow in Milk Jennifer Beagley and Katie Anderson. "Polymerase structures and function: variations on a theme?". I nside THE lungs, many branching bronchi terminate IN alveoli, AIR sacs where GAS exchange takes place. For every ATP transported out, it costs. 2009 Microbial ecology studies have begun to show the diversity and mechanisms of extremophiles present in different environments in order to survive harsh conditions that would. Ossified bones of fingers and toes and then it hit. Acetoacetate in low concentrations is taken up by the liver and undergoes detoxification through the methylglyoxal pathway which ends with lactate.
The purpose of this experiment was to perform a quantitative investigation of the differences between Anaerobic and Aerobic metabolism using pea seedlings and yeast. Estrella Mountain Community College (Web site). Protein Synthesis (Polymerization making cell parts Cellular Respiration * Aerobic Respiration. "Structural evolution of the protein kinase-like superfamily". Lactic acid is certainly not without its uses, and it is found throughout nature.
"History: ATP first discovered in 1929". 10 11 In the context of biochemical reactions, the P-O-P bonds are frequently referred to as high-energy bonds. "Signaling through MAP kinase networks in plants". To unlock this lesson you must be a m Member. Enzymes speed up a chemical reaction theyre biological short essay on cellular respiration catalysts. For milk a spread plate method was used and for poultry a streak method was applied using different Medias. Extensive research has been done on each of these subjects and the amount of research that was found against was the same amount as was.
The glycolysis pathway is later associated with the Citric Acid Cycle which produces additional equivalents of ATP. The inhibition of PFK by ATP is unusual, since ATP is also short essay on cellular respiration a substrate in the reaction catalyzed by PFK; the active form of the enzyme is a tetramer that exists in two conformations, only one of which binds the second substrate fructose-6-phosphate (F6P). "Mammalian ABC transporters in health and disease" (PDF). Hyphotesis: Anaerobic respiration in yeast will decrease as temperature increases. Remember from earlier that nothing is created or destroyed in a chemical reaction. For example, a person who exercises vigorously may be burning up glucose faster than oxygen is being pumped to the cells, meaning that cellular respiration cannot take place quickly enough to supply all the energy the body needs. Doi :.1038/s. 17 In oxidative phosphorylation, the passage of electrons from nadh and fadh2 through the electron transport chain pumps protons out of the mitochondrial matrix and into the intermembrane space.
Site of photosynthesis. On the other hand, a person can contract a bronchial illness without engaging in smoking or any other activity for which the sufferer could ultimately be blamed. Regulation edit The citric acid cycle is regulated mainly by the availability of key substrates, particularly the ratio of NAD to nadh and the concentrations of calcium, inorganic phosphate, ATP, ADP, and AMP. 4 Binding of metal short essay on cellular respiration cations to ATP edit Being polyanionic and featuring a potentially chelatable polyphosphate group, ATP binds metal cations with high affinity. With the span of thirty minutes with five-minute intervals, the height of carbon dioxide. Most of the ATP synthesized in the mitochondria will be used for cellular processes in the cytosol; thus it must be exported from its site of synthesis in the mitochondrial matrix. And the game is afoot, our banter punctuated by the potential of either big rewards or even bigger bankruptcies: She has to know that wordmy goodness, why is she buying a vowel?! Destination of the broken Phosphate?- Used as part of an endergonic reaction in another cell? Ketone bodies are transported from the liver to other tissues, where acetoacetate and beta -hydroxybutyrate can be reconverted to acetyl-CoA to produce reducing equivalents (nadh and fadh2 via the citric acid cycle. Premium Anaerobic respiration, Carbon dioxide, Cellular respiration 1965 Words 7 Pages Open Document latent heat OF fusion FOR milk experiment Aim: Perform an experiment to determine the latent heat of fusion for milk. It was proposed to be the intermediary between energy-yielding and energy-requiring reactions in cells by Fritz Albert Lipmann in 1941.
Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison (Web site). Lastly, oxygen now needs a 6 in front to balance out the 12 oxygen atoms in carbon dioxide. 26 This form of signal transduction is particularly important in brain function, although it is involved in the regulation of a multitude of other cellular processes. Lung complications are the leading cause of death from cystic fibrosis, and most symptoms of the disease are related to the sticky mucus that clogs the lungs and pancreas. The digestion process begins with bacterial hydrolysis of the input materials in order to break down insoluble organic polymers such as carbohydrates and make them available for other bacteria. Eventually, short essay on cellular respiration letters assembled into greater and more complex words.
Cellular respiration is the short essay on cellular respiration process in which cells break down molecules for energy. Nadh and fadh2 are recycled (to NAD and FAD, respectively generating additional ATP by oxidative phosphorylation. A b c Lodish,.; Berk,.; Matsudaira,.; Kaiser,. . Today, pneumonia and influenza combined are among the most significant causes of death in the United States (see Diseases). 7 The presence of Mg2 regulates kinase activity. Cellular Metabolism and Fermentation. The step was repeated to get a single colony, which is pure colony. The protein has two binding sites for ATP the active site is accessible in either protein conformation, but ATP binding to the inhibitor site stabilizes the conformation that binds F6P poorly. Free Adenosine triphosphate, Anaerobic exercise, Cellular respiration 1693 Words 6 Pages. Lesson Summary, cellular respiration is the chemical reaction in which glucose and oxygen are turned into water, carbon dioxide, and energy (ATP).
The three stages are Glycolysis, Citric cycle, and electron transport. "Thermodynamics of the hydrolysis of adenosine 5-triphosphate to adenosine 5-diphosphate" (PDF). Its equal parts humbling and enthralling to think that I, Romila, might still have something to add to that scientific glossary, a little permutation of my own that may transcend some aspect of human understanding. Annual Review of Biochemistry. The formula for aerobic cellular respiration is: c6H12O6 6O26CO26H2O Aerobic respiration occurs when oxygen is present, while anaerobic respiration occurs when there is no oxygen present. Nine out of ten. For that reason, it is called an anaerobic exercisethough, obviously, a person has to keep breathing while doing. Fructose is a fruit sugar which is one of the three, along with glucose and galactose, dietary monosaccharides that. ATP is either secreted directly across the cell membrane through channel proteins 30 31 or is pumped into vesicles which then fuse with the membrane. Who knows, but Im definitely game to give the wheel a spin, Pat, and see where it takes me). ATP replenishment by nucleoside diphosphate kinases edit ATP can also be synthesized through several so-called "replenishment" reactions catalyzed by the enzyme families of nucleoside diphosphate kinases (NDKs which use other nucleoside triphosphates as a high-energy phosphate donor, and the ATP:guanido-phosphotransferase family.
These words had sharp syllables, were challenging to enunciate, and didnt possess any particularly abstract meaning. Lactic acid IN food AND industry. New York, NY:. . It was hypothesized that the more yeast added the more CO2 would be produced. Premium Bacteria, Escherichia coli, Escherichia coli O157:H7 877 Words 3 Pages Open Document glue from milk bottles (to contain milk glue) 1 bowl (for mixing curds with baking soda and water for texture) 2 cups. However, it is also necessary to transport phosphate into the mitochondrion; the phosphate carrier moves a proton in with each phosphate, partially dissipating the proton gradient. A compound made from lactic acid is used as a food preservative, but the applications of lactic acid extend far beyond food production.
I will also going to research the effectiveness of antibacterial cleaning products, for instance sanitizer. Oxygen is a very important part of the organisms survival. The oxidation of nadh results in short essay on cellular respiration the synthesis of 23 equivalents of ATP, and the oxidation of one fadh2 yields between 12 equivalents of ATP. Additionally, thanks to mutation in the bacteria themselves, strains of the disease are emerging that are highly resistant to antibiotics. Bioenergetics 3 (3rd.). Premium 1393 Words 4 Pages Open Document Bacteriological Quality of Milk and Poultry Absract The aim of the prac was to identify and isolate Staphylococcus aureus and Eschericia coli in milk and salmonella in was to investigate bacteriological quality of milk and poultry. It is essential to removing infected secretions from the body, but of course it plays no role in actually bringing a cold to an end. Nor do antibiotics, which are effective against bacteria but not viruses (see Infection). Reactants show up on the left side of the equation before the arrow. The water's temperature was. 15 The dephosphorylation of ATP and rephosphorylation of ADP and AMP occur repeatedly in the course of aerobic metabolism. Background Information What are Bacteria?
Citrate the ion that gives its name to the cycle is a feedback inhibitor of citrate synthase and also inhibits PFK, providing a direct link between the regulation of the citric acid cycle and glycolysis. Eventually, the buildup of lactic acid is carried away in the bloodstream, and the lactic acid is converted to carbon dioxide and water vapor, both of which are exhaled. This lead to what is known as the Great. Nov., a Facultative Anaerobic Haloalkaliphile from Mono Lake, A Critical Analysis of the paper from. . A b c d e Voet,.; Voet,. . Gajewski,.; Steckler,.; Goldberg,. Try it risk-free, no obligation, cancel anytime. Using yeast, smith fermentation tubes and different substrates namely, starch, lactose, sucrose, glucose and fructose, which are from different kinds of carbohydrates, ranging from the simplest sugars glucose and fructose to the polysaccharide starch and water as the control, the hypothesis was tested.
Add the fact that I was raised in a Bengali household and studied Spanish in high school for four years, and I was able to add other exotic words. Compare the alcoholic fermentation of glucose, sucrose, and starch by yeast. In the first experiment, yeast was grown in various carbohydrate solutions at various temperatures. Apparatus was set up as shown in Figure. 5 The binding of a divalent cation, almost short essay on cellular respiration always magnesium, strongly affects the interaction of ATP with various proteins. In this reaction, glucose and oxygen are reactants, while water, carbon dioxide, and energy (ATP) are products. Organisms that make their own food. Aneorobic _F ocess occurs in a mitochondrion. "The discovery of adenosine triphosphate and the establishment of its structure". Amino acid activation in protein synthesis edit Main article: Amino acid activation Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase enzymes consume ATP in the attachment tRNA to amino acids, forming aminoacyl-tRNA complexes. Scientists quite often decide to work with yeast because of its features fast growing rate and the fact that yeast's DNA can be easily manipulated. In addition, in Step 10, two further equivalents of ATP are produced. Whether its the definitive pang of a simple I am or an existential crisis posed by Am I, I recognized at a young age how letters and their order impact language.
In addition, influenza can be fatal: a flu epidemic in the aftermath of World War I, spread to far corners of the globe by returning soldiers, killed an estimated 20 million people. This makes it easy for bacteria short essay on cellular respiration to inhabit the lungs and cause infection. Chemical formulas represent a molecule with element symbols and numbers. Transport is mediated by ATP binding cassette transporters. Premium Adenosine triphosphate, Bread, Carbon dioxide 1531 Words 7 Pages Open Document Cyanobacteria: Oxygen and Aerobic Respiration from the sunlight and use it to produce nutrients for the cell. Some bacteria do not have distinguishing morphological features, so there are different kinds of test that can be performed to distinguish the differences of bacteria. Its main objective is to give basic knowledge about some of the logic of experimentation. "Chelation of divalent cations by ATP, studied by titration calorimetry". Premium Boiling, Carbon dioxide, Cellular respiration 650 Words 4 Pages. Indeed, small children may have asthma. Retrieved External links edit. New York: Dillon Press, 1993.
So let's recap what happens in cellular respiration. Premium Bacteria, Bacteroidetes, Clostridium difficile 1553 Words 5 Pages Open Document Klebsiella Bacteria unknown bacteria cultures. All of the yeast amounts produced. Bacteria are unicellular microorganisms, with variable shapes and nutritional needs. 16 The majority of cellular ATP is generated by this process. Beis,.; Newsholme,. .
The process takes place inside the cytoplasm and the mitochondria. Spelling bees were always my forte. Exergonic- catabolism. 12 The hydrolysis of ATP into ADP and inorganic phosphate releases.5 kJ/mol of enthalpy, with a change in free energy.4 kJ/mol. Microbiologists identify unknown bacteria to determine new and emerging infectious diseases and current diseases to determine if any kind of treatment or antibiotics can be used. 8 Chemical properties edit Salts of ATP can be isolated as colorless solids.
After completing glycolysis, the Citric Acid Cycle, electrons transport chain, and oxidative phosphorylation, approximately 30-38 ATP are produced per glucose. Cellular respiration is a way cells store food and energy, a catabolic pathway for the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). This is why it best suit; babies and the sick. Also read article about Respiration from Wikipedia Digestion Food Webs. Enzyme inhibitors of ATP-dependent enzymes such as kinases are needed to examine the binding sites and transition states involved in ATP-dependent reactions. It is produced by soaking dry soybeans and grinding them with water.
Steps 1 and 3 of glycolysis are referred to as "Priming Steps". The human genome encodes 48 ABC transporters, that are used for exporting drugs, lipids, and other compounds. Free Adenosine triphosphate, Cellular respiration, Citric acid cycle 1025 Words 6 Pages Open Document Cellular Respiration Cellular Respiration in Yeast Adapted from Alcoholic Fermentation in Yeast Investigation in the School District of Philadelphia Biology Core Curriculum 2009. Free Adenosine triphosphate, Cellular respiration, Citric acid cycle 1774 Words 5 Pages Open Document Cellular Respiration and Fermentation Cellular Respiration and Fermentation: Experimenting With CO2 and Redox Reactions Julius Engel; Section 8 Abstract In this experiment, the subjects of study were fermentation. Chemical compound, adenosine triphosphate aTP ) is a complex organic chemical that provides energy to drive many processes in living cells,.g. Tuberculosis attacks the lungs, leading to a chronic infection with such symptoms as fatigue, loss of weight, night fevers and chills, and persistent coughing that brings up blood. Lactobacillus is a rod shaped bacteria that grows in the absence of oxygen. "Respiration in Water: An Overview of Gills." University of New Brunswick (Web site). The rest of the 6 oxygen short essay on cellular respiration atoms in the glucose are balanced by the 6 oxygen atoms from the water. Lactic acid also is applied by the dairy industry in making cheese. Clean your surface with disinfectant to sterilise your lab work surface, this will prevent contamination but leave the disinfectant to stand up to 4 minutes so it can penetrate the harder capsules of some bacteria.
Premium Antiseptic, Bacteria, Combustion 936 Words 2 Pages Open Document The short essay on cellular respiration Effect of the Nature of Substrate on Cellular respiration of yeast Abstract The experiment aims to observe if simpler substrates makes the rate of cellular respiration faster. To distinguish anaerobic from aerobic cellular respiration in terms of ATP, oxygen, and chemiosmosis. The energy used by human cells requires the hydrolysis of 100 to 150 moles of ATP daily, which is around 50 to 75 kg. In this experiment, we examined the effects of boiling on the rate of aerobic respiration of germinating peas. Extremophiles, 13 (4 695-705. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1995. "Enzyme-catalyzed phosphoryl transfer reactions". Use answers only one time. | https://pastirskicentar.com/76803-short-essay-on-cellular-respiration/ |
According to a recent NASA report, projections for global sea level rise for the next centuries are too optimistic. NASA researchers believe that sea levels may rise worldwide by a meter or more every century rather than a few centimeters as current models show.
Scientists know that global sea level is now eight inches (20 centimeters) higher than 100 years ago. But as global temperatures continue to rise, melting glaciers and polar ice caps continue to feed world’s oceans at an alarming rate. But that ‘alarming’ rate may not reflect the reality, NASA suggests. Things may get worse.
NASA explained that sea levels started to climb rapidly since 1992. Since then, in just two decades, global sea levels rose by three inches. But in 2012, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) released a report stating that sea levels may rise between 11 and 38 inches by the end of the century. Those figures greatly varied depending on whether humanity would be able to reach the 2 C target or not.
But NASA suggests that even if that goal is reached and green house gases are curbed, sea levels may still threaten the lives and homes of populations living in coastal areas around the globe.
Eric Rignot, a researcher with NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, estimates that a few inches rise may morph into a few meter rise in the next centuries. Mr. Rignot believes that humanity may experience sea level rises of half meter to several meters in just one century. The maximum rise Mr. Rignot forecasts is 6 meters per century.
The researcher explained that the IPCC didn’t take into account the land ice that is melting when making the estimates. Nevertheless, not even NASA scientists have a clear view on how much and how quick the ice is thinning.
Scientists cautioned for years that the melting rate is greatly accelerated since the 1970s and may further accelerate in the future. Researchers believe that they could predict more accurately sea level rises if they could calculate correctly just how fast ice sheets will be melting in the coming decades.
NASA noted that eight of the most crowded urban areas in the world are located in coastal areas. This includes U.S.A.’s New York, Japan’s Tokyo, and India’s Bombay.
NASA currently uses state-of-the-art radar systems that can detect a few millimeter change in sea levels from up to 40,000 feet. The space agency uses the data captured by both ground and space instruments to create climate models and predict future trends in rising ocean levels.
On Wednesday, the agency revealed a model based on data gathered by satellites over the course of two decades. According to the model, the U.S. west coast would experience a slower rise in the coming decade, but the phenomenon is set to accelerate in the Pacific. | http://www.wallstreetotc.com/sea-level-rise/220408/ |
Sum, A. Khatiwada, I. McLaughlin, J. Palma, S. The Consequences of Dropping Out of High School (2009) Center for Labor Market Studies, Northeastern University.
Reach Out and Read's well-known chart, MILESTONES OF EARLY
LITERACY DEVELOPMENT, offers information - in an easy-to-read grid
- on the developmental stages (both motor and cognitive) that lay
the foundation for learning to read. Targeted to ages 6 months
through 5 years, the MILESTONES include tips and guidance for
healthcare providers, parents, and caregivers on choosing books and
reading aloud to children at different ages.
Reach Out and Read's thousands of doctors and nurses promote
early literacy and school readiness to young children and their
families in all 50 states. Each year, medical providers at the
nearly 5,000 Reach Out and Read program sites nationwide distribute
6.5 million books to children and invaluable literacy advice to
parents. | http://reachoutandread.org/resource-center/literacy-materials/literacy-milestones/ |
A pioneer in bringing mathematical methods into everyday use in economics, Lloyd A. Metzler is well known for his adroit use of formal tools and exceptionally readable prose style which have provided a generation of economists with clear solutions to difficult analytical problems. The papers collected in this volume, including four previously unpublished, retain a freshness and clarity that is readily recognized by today's students of economics.
Over the years Mr. Metzler's contributions to economic theory have ranged widely over the fields of international economics, macroeconomic theory, business fluctuations, and the mathematical theory of general equilibrium. Most notably, he carries Lord Keynes's theories further, working out the essential properties of the foreign-trade multiplier. His discussions of tariff repercussions, capital transfers, and stability conditions in the foreign-exchange market are of vital importance to today's dramatic efforts to achieve economic stability throughout the world.
Collected Papers, enhanced by many tables and figures and clearly indicative of the author's far-reaching economic mind, is organized into four sections: The Theory of International Trade; Money, Interest, and Prices; Business Cycles and Economic Fluctuations; and Mathematical Economics and Statistics. Two of the articles in this volume were part of the author's doctoral thesis which was awarded the David A. Wells Prize at Harvard University.
Back to the future: a heterodox economist rewrites Keynes’s General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money to serve as the basis for a macroeconomics for the twenty-first century.
John Maynard Keynes’s General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money was the most influential economic idea of the twentieth century. But, argues Stephen Marglin, its radical implications were obscured by Keynes’s lack of the mathematical tools necessary to argue convincingly that the problem was the market itself, as distinct from myriad sources of friction around its margins.
Marglin fills in the theoretical gaps, revealing the deeper meaning of the General Theory. Drawing on eight decades of discussion and debate since the General Theory was published, as well as on his own research, Marglin substantiates Keynes’s intuition that there is no mechanism within a capitalist economy that ensures full employment. Even if deregulating the economy could make it more like the textbook ideal of perfect competition, this would not address the problem that Keynes identified: the potential inadequacy of aggregate demand.
Ordinary citizens have paid a steep price for the distortion of Keynes’s message. Fiscal policy has been relegated to emergencies like the Great Recession. Monetary policy has focused unduly on inflation. In both cases the underlying rationale is the false premise that in the long run at least the economy is self-regulating so that fiscal policy is unnecessary and inflation beyond a modest 2 percent serves no useful purpose.
Fleshing out Keynes’s intuition that the problem is not the warts on the body of capitalism but capitalism itself, Raising Keynes provides the foundation for a twenty-first-century macroeconomics that can both respond to crises and guide long-run policy.
Three eminent economists provide in this book a rigorous, self-contained treatment of modern economic dynamics. Nancy L. Stokey, Robert E. Lucas, Jr., and Edward C. Prescott develop the basic methods of recursive analysis and emphasize the many areas where they can usefully be applied.
After presenting an overview of the recursive approach, the authors develop economic applications for deterministic dynamic programming and the stability theory of first-order difference equations. They then treat stochastic dynamic programming and the convergence theory of discrete-time Markov processes, illustrating each with additional economic applications. They also derive a strong law of large numbers for Markov processes. Finally, they present the two fundamental theorems of welfare economics and show how to apply the methods developed earlier to general equilibrium systems.
The authors go on to apply their methods to many areas of economics. Models of firm and industry investment, household consumption behavior, long-run growth, capital accumulation, job search, job matching, inventory behavior, asset pricing, and money demand are among those they use to show how predictions can be made about individual and social behavior. Researchers and graduate students in many areas of economics, both theoretical and applied, will find this book essential.
This solutions manual is a valuable companion volume to the classic textbook Recursive Methods in Economic Dynamics by Nancy L. Stokey, Robert E. Lucas, Jr., and Edward C. Prescott. The exercises in the Stokey et al. book are integral to the text, and thus, a reader cannot fully appreciate the text without understanding the results developed in the exercises. This manual provides detailed answers to the central exercises in Recursive Methods.
The authors’ selection of exercises is designed to maximize the reader’s understanding of Recursive Methods. Solutions are presented to every question in the core chapters on recursive methods, as well as most questions from the chapters on mathematical background. Some questions from the chapters on applications of these techniques to economic models have been reserved so as to provide instructors with a crucial “test bank” of questions.
Efficient and lucid in approach, this manual will greatly enhance the value of Recursive Methods as a text for self-study. | https://www.bibliovault.org/BV.titles.epl?tquery=Economics%252C%2520Mathematical |
The acidity of the apple and the sour-sweet balsamic vinegar that perfectly balanced the (little) fat of the meat.
PROCEDURE
I cut the apple (Fuji) into rather thin slices, without removing the peel, and I divide each segment in half. To prevent the pieces of apple from darkening, we rub around a slice of lemon.
In each skewer, insert a piece of apple and a piece of meat cut into small cubes. I place the skewers in a greased baking dish with a little oil and lightly brush the surface of the skewers with a brush stroke of oil. I put the baking dish on the penultimate shelf of the oven, where I had lit the grill bringing it to 220 °; I then turn on the ventilation. After about a quarter of an hour, I turn the skewers over, add a little salt and continue to cook them for another 10-15 minutes.
Meanwhile, prepare the seasoning - in a small saucepan combine a tablespoon of lemon, 4-5 tablespoons of balsamic vinegar, a pinch of salt, a turn of pepper and a tablespoon of oil.
With a whisk we mix the ingredients well, then I put on the stove on low heat to make it thicken a little; then add a sprig of rosemary and continue to cook over a very low flame for a few minutes.
When the skewers are well cooked, I transfer them to the dishes and season them with a couple of tablespoons of balsamic sauce.
Shop Lusetti Florindo Organic Condiments with Balsamic Vinegar of Modena. | https://mamami4u.com/blogs/recipes/baked-pork-fillet-skewers-with-apples-balsamic-vinegar-of-modena |
The most common service that we provide is individual psychotherapy, also called individual therapy or counseling. These sessions are generally about an hour once a week. This varies with specific circumstances. Therapy or counseling involves talking with a professionally-trained staff member who knows about mental illness, addictions, or marriage/family problems. Because all Gratia Plena staff are Catholic, we are able to integrate spiritual themes with counseling as it applies and if the client is interested in this. Most of those we serve are Catholic, and so many of our clients do appreciate this type of integration.
Individual therapy can be used for adults, teens, and children. For children at a certain age, play therapy techniques may be used to facilitate communication and discussion. Therapy ends when the person feels like the goals have been reached.
If a person does not find satisfactory improvement through counseling, then this should be discussed and some adjustments made. This might mean trying a different counselor or a new approach. The important fact to consider is that for most people, therapy does help. There is great research support to indicate the many benefits of counseling. There is hope.
Pastoral Counseling
Pastoral counseling is very similar to therapy except the staff member providing this service has some theology-related degree or training as well as mental health training. The pastoral counselor may be a priest, deacon, or a consecrated religious woman although times it may be a layperson. | https://gratiaplenacounseling.org/services/individual-psychotherapy/ |
As summer draws to a close and we enter into autumn, it’s a good opportunity to pay closer attention to our own health. In Traditional Oriental Medicine, the transitions between seasons are seen as an important period of time in which a person’s body is trying to re-calibrate and stay in harmony and balance with their natural environment.
With the relaxing days of summer drawing to a close, most of us probably find our lives busier than ever. Back to school. Back to work. Back to our everyday routines.
It can be easy to get caught up in the stress and busyness of life and forget about looking after our own health. However, in the 2,000 year old acupuncture textbook the Huang Di Nei Jing (The Yellow Emperor’s Classic of Internal Medicine), the Emperor’s court doctor gave some simple and practical advice in maintaining a healthy lifestyle:
The theory of Yin – Yang is the most important concept in Traditional Oriental Medicine, as all of its more complex medical knowledge derives from this basic foundation.
In Part 1, it was seen how all natural phenomena can be classified into opposite pairs of Yin & Yang, and Part 2 described how these opposite pairs can influence each other in sickness or health.
In a previous article, we looked at the concept of Yin and Yang, and how Traditional Oriental Medicine classifies things in opposite pairings (as in the example of pain, is it at a fixed location or does it move around, does it improve with rest or with movement, is it better with heat or cold, etc.)
To add further to this concept is what can be described as the “see-saw” effect” – when one side of something increases, the opposite side tends to decrease in the opposite direction. | https://ayacupuncture.com/tag/yin-yang/ |
The Journal of Communication and Media Studies offers an annual award for newly published research or thinking that has been recognized to be outstanding by members of the Communication and Media Studies Research Network.
The regulation of media, which is an important sector within broad cultural economy, runs into substantive difficulties when it interfaces with competition regulation. In this paper, the Greek experience on media regulation is discussed as a research input for the development of a theoretical approach that involves competition analysis. This discussion takes place in relation to similar international developments with a special focus on the Australian experience. In the Greek case, serious attempts to regulate aggressive media groups based on their market share and their involvement in other forms of business have failed because of incompatibility with competition law and erroneous restrictive regulation for political reasons. Therefore, the relation between media, family businesses, and cross-ownership schemes must be examined further. An analytical approach is proposed through the development of a basic model of private benefits for media based on core cross-ownership theory. The model demonstrates that cross-ownership schemes in the media can produce inefficient economic outcomes with high agency costs. The paper focuses on the possible interface of the media policy with the competition policy and the need to separate those two processes, since competition policy fundamentally addresses economic outcomes while media regulation deals with non-economic ones. Still, to the extent that the media are dominated by family businesses and cross-ownership schemes that are involved in other businesses, they can produce ineffective economic outcomes and agency costs in exchange for large private benefits (in the case of Greece, mainly from public contracts). Thus, the development of regulation on media requires a greater level of sophistication on the part of policy-makers so that the difficulties stemming from cross-ownership can be successfully addressed.
Much of my interest in writing this article comes from developing my research in behavioural economics and its impact on culture change. For example, in my 2015 book, The Political Economy of Status: Superstars, Markets and Culture Change I demonstrate the importance of visibility and media in modern socio-economic trends because the media, as a cultural and creative industry, facilitates relative comparisons, strategic considerations and preference formation for consumers and investors.
Institutional cultural change is a growing area of research in the context of regulation, such as the competition framework. The advantages and difficulties for promoting competition culture has been a fundamental concern for contemporary competition authorities around the world. Culture change implementation must be incorporated into the strategic planning of regulatory authorities to mitigate the risk of possible policy erosion or bottlenecks. However, institutional culture change in the area of competition is often resisted because of the idiosyncrasies, which are specific to the media.
The academic and professional literature concerning the relation of regulation of media and the framework of competition is somewhat focused more on particular elements of media regulation rather than examining the interdependence between media regulation and competition. Cross-ownership schemes provide an opportunity to build an integrative perspective. My article discusses the Greek experience on media regulation and develops a theoretical approach based on competition analysis. This study takes place in relation to similar international developments with a special focus on the Australian experience. More precisely, the article develops an analytical approach, which demonstrates that cross-ownership schemes in the media can interfere with the political process and produce inefficient economic outcomes with high agency costs in exchange for large private benefits (in the case of Greece, mainly from public contracts). Thus, the examination of suitable regulation on media requires a greater level of attention and sophistication on the part of competition policy-makers than what has been practiced so far.
This article is one of several steps that I have undertaken in my research to analyze the importance of cultural change management in the economic sphere. Besides building a comprehensive analytical framework, the article offers a practical platform for recommendation building by competition policy-makers so that the difficulties stemming from cross-ownership can be successfully identified and addressed and relevant culture change policies for the regulation of media can be implemented. Those recommendations can raise awareness also on several aspects of the policy-making process including societal and political stakeholders concerned with the status quo. Finally, those already engaged as practitioners in cultural and creative industries such as the media can hopefully be benefited also from new stimulating information to evaluate and improve their current practices.
Koutsobinas, Theodore . 2018. "Media Regulation, Competition Policy and Cross-ownership Schemes: The Case of Greece." The Journal of Communication and Media Studies 3 (2): 1-16. doi:10.18848/2470-9247/CGP/v03i02/1-16. | https://kc.cgpub.net/index.php/media/journal/awards |
Glycogen refers to the state that carbohydrates take when they are in storage within your body. When you consume carbohydrates, your body will use the amount that it needs. Your body will store the surplus carbohydrates in your muscles and liver. The carbohydrates in storage are called glycogen and are often used by the muscles during exercise. The amount of glycogen stored in your muscles is enough to provide energy for an entire day.
Glycogen is the body's stored form of glucose. Glycogen is broken down by lysosomes—tiny recycling machines inside the cells that have enzymes in them. Acid alpha-glucosidase, also known as GAA, breaks down the glycogen and recycles it, turning it into energy the body can use between meals or when exercising. If glycogen builds up in the body it can cause problems. The extra glycogen stored in the cells damages muscles the most.
Continue Learning about Carbohydrates
Important: This content reflects information from various individuals and organizations and may offer alternative or opposing points of view. It should not be used for medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. As always, you should consult with your healthcare provider about your specific health needs. | https://www.sharecare.com/health/carbohydrates/what-is-glycogen |
Don't confuse what is coming with regular notes we make on books. This is something different. Maybe...
In the old paper days I wrote notes all over the insides of the book covers (there were notes and underlinings and highlights within the book as well, but that was for a different purpose). Nowadays, I have replaced the book-cover/flyleaf notes idea by creating a single Personal Document for all "book cover notes" in Logos and creating a linked note on the title page of books where I want to jot down notes of key pages, thoughts, review notes on each book--all the stuff that once was written inside the cover. I can open the document and glance down at all the books, or open a book to the title page and hover over a note to see what thoughts are there. And, they are searchable. Now, I am looking for a better solution to my own quick, at-a-glance reviews/comments on books I have read.
Somehow I wish there was something better. Maybe something like tags, but space for a single fairly brief "My Notes" area on each book's information page. Maybe that isn't best. On Personal Books, I can add information to the information page and have done that, but it requires a new recompile & upload. Yet, the notion of adding such notes on the information age strikes me as useful.
Some folks make unique note documents for every book, which might be a sort of solution, but provides no way to look at all reviews together.
Perhaps adding unique keywords or phrases could be entered in notes to bring up just such reviews in a search. None of my ideas seem good.
Would anyone else find such a feature helpful? If, so, how would it work? Am I missing something obvious? What are you doing already that works for you?
Thanks.
Well, was my meaning too obfuscated? Or am I just standing all alone in the onion patch?
A similar idea re: the resource information panel was suggested a few months ago. I can see where it could be useful but it's not high on my priorities ... one of those I'd probably use it if it were there sort of things ...
Orthodox Bishop Hilarion Alfeyev: "To be a theologian means to have experience of a personal encounter with God through prayer and worship." | https://community.logos.com/forums/t/121969.aspx |
York University has a long history of partnership and collaboration with local, regional and international communities. Our broad range of engagement activities include place-based hyper-local initiatives, knowledge mobilization, community-based research, experiential education partnerships, initiatives to support access to post-secondary education, inter-institutional academic partnerships, and more.
The release of the University’s White Paper, Building a More Engaged University: Strategic Directions for York University 2010-2020, re-affirmed York’s strengths by positioning engagement as a unifying theme for the University and set forth a bold vision for York as a leading engaged University. This vision continues to be taken up today through our University Academic Plan 2020-2025, creating an embedded approach to living well together in ways that look toward a more just and equitable future. York has been at the forefront of educating students who bring creativity, innovation and a deep sense of social/civic responsibility to tackle the social, cultural, scientific and economic challenges for an ever-changing world.
Our goals as an engaged university include the integration of community engagement across all areas of scholarship and business practices – teaching, research and service. We envision and define our success in this endeavor by our ability to develop accessible and flexible lifelong learning pathways for a diverse student body; deliver high quality academic programs that incorporate innovative approaches to teaching and learning; provide a student experience that equips our students for successful careers and active participation in civic society; and mobilize knowledge to address complex social problems and support strong, vibrant communities. | https://www.yorku.ca/unit/vpacad/community-engagement/ |
What Is Vision and Why Does it Matter in Software Development?
As the Product Owner on a software team, your main role is often broken down into two parts: ownership and communicating what’s known as the 3 V’s–Vision, Value, and Validation. In this post, we’re going to focus on vision and the importance of clearly communicating vision for your software. An excellent definition of vision can be found in the following quote:
A vision is a picture of the success of a project at a time in the future. A vision in not a mission statement. We see [the vision] as being akin to the North Star, a never-ending piece of work that we commit to going after for life. It also isn’t a strategic plan – which is the map to where we want to go. A vision is the actual destination. It’s a vivid description of what “success” looks and feels like for us – what we are able to achieve, and the effect it has on our staff – Ari Weinzweig
Given vision will define what success looks like for product we are building and the teams who are building it, it’s important the product owner be ready to create, manage, and own the vision throughout development of the product. Let’s dig deeper into how vision plays into product success, team success, and delivering value.
Product Success
So how does vision play into the creation of a successful product? It’s important that a product owner be passionate about creating a vision that will solve the problems our users need solved, create a product that users want to use, and deliver value to the organization. The product owner should ensure the product vision is focused towards where we are going, what we can do, and where we can go, rather than focusing on where we are. Therefore, vision may emerge and change over the course of building our product as we are constantly learning more about our users. A successful product owner will not only allow for this, but constantly be working to keep the why in mind when driving towards our actual destination.
We often use the analogy that the product owner is the captain of the ship., aAs we venture along our journey in the open seas, waves will cause our route to shift, but the captain is always pointing the ship back towards our destination. If we only set out to product what we think our users need and avoid learning what they actually need, we run the risk of our effort being wasted building the wrong thing. Instead, if we start with success in mind and constantly circle back to ensure we understand the “why” behind the product we are building, we can unify our efforts to create a product that will have a positive impact and deliver the change our users need.
Team Success
If you have ever been involved in a team that struggles to complete and release a successful product, you might have noticed a lack of motivation seems to be a common theme amongst the team. A visionary product owner with a strong commitment to owning and communicating the vision can be the difference between a motivated and an unmotivated team. Software engineering is complex work and requires creativity, if a team doesn’t understand why they are doing what they are doing or what success looks like, the incentive to innovate is hampered or even, in some cases, completely stifled. When a team can understand the vision, we can foster the buy in necessary to rally the team around building the right thing, the product our users will want to use, the thing the organization needs in order to create differentiation in the marketplace. The whole team can align around the vision and drive towards the goal line together, giving the team the opportunity to make the best day to day decisions as possible.
Focus on Value
Vision and value are linked. When thinking through your vision and applying what you’ve learned about your users and their needs along the way, you also need to ask yourself, “why are we building this product?” That clarifying question will help you keep the value of your software as your focus. What value do the work items completed as part of your vision provide? Maybe your seeking to gain new users, retain the ones you have, take a bigger piece the market share in your marketplace, or even run your business more efficiently. Whatever you seek, value should be the number one focus and should be apparent every time you adjust, recommunicate, and deliver on your vision. I If a new idea emerges and you are considering whether to include it, first and foremost it should be valuable. Constantly ask yourself, “can the delivery of this idea successfully be mapped to value?”, if not it may not be necessary to build at all or certainly should not be at the top of the list to be completed. Focusing on value is key to creating a vision that will ultimately produce software that users want to use!
Conclusion
Do You Have Software You Need to Deliver?
Our software development process is designed to make Product Owners successful. Learn why our approach makes us your perfect software partner. | https://www.apterainc.com/blog/what-is-vision-and-why-does-it-matter-in-software-development/ |
Challah also known as hallah or challot is a traditional braided bread eaten during Sabbath and other Jewish holidays. Jewish tradition, Sabbath and holiday meals begin with a blessing over four loaves of bread, two on Friday night and two on Saturday afternoon.
For week five of the Bread Bakers Apprentice Challenge, we made Challah. I love Challah and always look forward to the holiday season, when I can find it in our neighborhood bakery. Now, I am happy to say, I do not have to wait any longer. This challenge was incredibly easy and I have to say I was very impressed with how well I did (I kept yelling to Lenny to come see the “Challah”) and how the bread came out. I started the bread late in the afternoon and by bed time we had fresh baked bread for our breakfast. The recipe was very easy to follow and everything happened just as stated in the recipe, from resting times to baking times. The Challah came out golden in color, light in texture and very flavorful, not too yeasty or eggy, just perfect.
If you would like to see what other Bakers from the BBA Challenge are doing be sure to check out the blogroll, wonderful things are coming out of their ovens! Following you will find some photos I took showing part of the process:
Right before braiding the Challah
Braided Challah
After egg washing the Challah
Besides eating Challah by itself, it is my choice of bread for French Toast as well as bread pudding. It soaks up the egg batter perfectly. The morning after making the Challah we used some of it to make a golden blueberry French toast and saved the rest (as we are traveling) to make bread pudding later on. | https://chezus.com/2009/06/20/bba-challenge-challah/ |
As one of the Australia's largest providers of human resources solutions, Chandler Macleod has a proven track record of unleashing potential in people and companies. For over 40 years Chandler Macleod's recruitment business has connected leading-edge projects and employers with outstanding business professionals.
Our Federal Government client is seeking to engage an EL1 Assistant Director on a contract for 11 months with potential extension of 10 months.
About the Role:
The department is for an experienced EL1 officer to join the department's small Deregulation Team in the Enterprise Risk, Audit and Investigations Branch.
The role provides the opportunity to influence and shape the department's deregulation engagement activities and overall deregulation policy and strategy.
As a member of the Deregulation Team you will be expected to:
- Lead (develop, implement, manage, maintain, monitor, assess and review) activities that influence, shape and implement DESE's approach to deregulation, including:
- developing and implementing a framework and strategy to support the Department's implementation and promotion of the Government's Deregulation Agenda
- developing and providing deregulation policy advice to business areas on the implementation of the Deregulation Agenda
- developing and providing deregulation policy advice to Portfolio agencies, departmental stakeholders and external agencies to leverage deregulation opportunities, contribute to the development and implementation of Whole of Government regulatory policy and share information.
- Maintain an awareness of emerging deregulation policy and measures to ensure our engagement is aligned with the government's approach
- Identify, research, evaluate (risks, opportunities, benefits), develop and provide advice on different issues and options to:
- Enhance the Team's and Department's influence
- Achieve deregulation and better practice regulation
- Implement the government's approach to deregulation.
Duties & Responsibilities:
- Developing and leading the implementation of a deregulation framework and supporting engagement strategy and activities in line with changing policy requirements, including but not limited to:
- Identifying opportunities and partnering with internal business areas and governance committees to embed and promote deregulation in DESE's operations and evaluating engagement with the deregulation program
- Managing the stakeholder database.
- Progress department's implementation of the Deregulation Agenda using good judgement and strategic thinking to:
- Plan and execute methods for engaging internal stakeholders, including the Deregulation Champion, Deregulation Working Group, Executive and Portfolio deregulation stakeholders, in complex and sensitive internal and external policy issues, processes and decisions
- Respond to complex and sensitive requests for policy advice (for example change management)
- Manage the development and implementation of high-quality, strategic internal deregulation communications plans and content by the Communications Branch, including:
- a deregulation newsletter
- key messages / standard words
- intranet presence
- Internal engagement calendar and activities
Skills & Experience:
- Responds to change and uncertainty in a positive and flexible manner and with a 'can do' attitude
- Be proactive (drive own work), think strategically and be focused on delivering quality outcomes
- Ability to manage tight and competing deadlines
- Strong interpersonal and communication skills
- Ability to liaise effectively with and develop and maintain productive relationships with a wide range of internal and external stakeholders
- Experience drafting guidance and advice to a high standard
Mandatory Requirements:
- The successful candidate will be required to have a Baseline security clearance.
If you feel you are a suitable candidate submit your application by hitting "Apply for this job". Alternatively, you can call Gillian Stewart on 02 6268 9935 or email [email protected] for further discussion.
Job Details
- Reference379271A_1629360361
- LocationCanberra, Australian Capital Territory
- Job TypeContract
- Postedabout 1 month ago
- ConsultantGillian Stewart
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The Armed Forces Covenant and status in law
The Armed Forces Covenant is a statement of the moral obligation which exists between the nation, the Government the armed forces.
In response to the recent terrorist attacks in Paris France invoked Article 42(7) of the Treaty in the European Union on 17 November 2015. That article obligates all EU Member States to provide France with aid and assistance, although it does not go so far as to confer a security commitment, akin to NATO's Article V. This paper looks briefly at Article 42(7) TEU and the implications for the UK.
France and Article 42(7) of the Treaty on the European Union (99 KB , PDF)
In response to the recent terrorist attacks on Paris, France invoked Article 42 (7) of the Treaty on the European Union, at a meeting of the EU Foreign Affairs Council on 17 November 2015. This is the first time that Article 42 (7) has been invoked since it was introduced in the Lisbon Treaty in 2009.
Article 42 (7) TEU states:
If a Member State is the victim of armed aggression on its territory, the other Member States shall have towards it an obligation of aid and assistance by all the means in their power, in accordance with Article 51 of the United Nations Charter. This shall not prejudice the specific character of the security and defence policy of certain Member States.
Commitments and cooperation in this area shall be consistent with commitments under the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation, which, for those States which are members of it, remains the foundation of their collective defence and the forum for its implementation.
Being limited to the obligation of aid and assistance, Article 42(7) does not carry the security commitment that comes with NATO’s Article V (see below). Each Member State is responsible for determining its contribution on the basis of what they deem to be necessary, which does not necessarily mean the deployment of military assets.
An EU Briefing Paper on the Lisbon Treaty and its implications for CFSP/ESDP notes the wording was specifically chosen to satisfy three groups of states:
At the EU meeting on 17 November Defence Ministers expressed “their unanimous and full support to France and their readiness to provide all the necessary aid and assistance”. It is expected that EU Member States will now conduct bilateral negotiations with the French Government on the extent of assistance that may be offered. It is considered that greater sharing of intelligence between EU Member States will be a priority, alongside the reinforcement of the EU’s borders. It has also been suggested that France is seeking assistance in meeting some of its foreign military commitments, including its participation in UN peacekeeping operations in Africa and Lebanon.
The UK is obligated under this ‘mutual defence’ clause and it was ratified as part of the passage of the European Union Amendment Act 2008. However, as outlined above it will be for the British Government to determine its contribution and it does not obligate the Government to provide any further military assets to the ISIS/Daesh campaign. In response to the French request a Government spokesman has stated:
The Prime Minister has been clear that we will do whatever we can to help the French Government at this time, and that we need to work together to defeat these terrorists. We have been in constant contact with the French authorities since Friday. This is about a French request for bilateral assistance from other EU member states. We understand and support the French decision, and we stand ready to consider any French request for assistance.
Under the newly established Convention on deploying the armed forces, the Government has committed to giving the House the opportunity to debate any proposed deployment of military forces, prior to action, “except when there is an emergency and such action would not be appropriate”. The Government has since made it clear that it reserves the right to undertake immediate action in the event that a critical British national interest is at stake or there is a need to act to prevent a humanitarian catastrophe. In such cases retrospective approval would be sought.
The Government has stated its intention to seek the approval of the House before committing military forces to action against ISIS in Syria. However, France’s invocation of a treaty obligation has raised questions among many observers as to whether a treaty obligation represents a critical national interest and, therefore, whether prior parliamentary approval would now need to be sought for expanding UK military operations against ISIS. Indeed, the publication UK Defence Doctrine highlights treaty obligations a legitimate use of armed force in the protection of UK interests. This lack of clarification over when the Convention should be invoked has been debated at length in the last few years.
The Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) also contains a Solidarity Clause (Article 222) which states that:
The Union and its Member States shall act jointly in a spirit of solidarity if a Member State is the object of a terrorist attack or the victim of a natural or man-made disaster. The Union shall mobilise all the instruments at its disposal, including the military resources made available by the Member States.
However, that clause goes on to state that “should a Member State be the object of a terrorist attack or the victim of a natural or man-made disaster, the other Member States shall assist it at the request of its political authorities…”.
To date, the French Government has not invoked Article 222. Many observers have suggested that France has avoided doing so in order to retain a greater role over the response to the attacks, as Article 42 TEU is intergovernmental in nature. In contrast, invoking Article 222 would pave the way for greater involvement by the EU institutions.
At the heart of NATO lies the principle of collective defence. This is enshrined in Article V of the North Atlantic Treaty which provides that if a NATO member is a victim of an armed attack, each and every other member of the Alliance will consider this act of violence as an armed attack against all members and will take the actions it deems necessary. Article V states:
The Parties agree that an armed attack against one or more of them in Europe or North America shall be considered an attack against them all and consequently they agree that, if such an armed attack occurs, each of them, in exercise of the right of individual or collective self-defence recognized by Article 51 of the Charter of the United Nations, will assist the Party or Parties so attacked by taking forthwith, individually and in concert with the other Parties, such action as it deems necessary, including the use of armed force, to restore and maintain the security of the North Atlantic area.
Any such armed attack and all measures taken as a result thereof shall immediately be reported to the Security Council. Such measures shall be terminated when the Security Council has taken the measures necessary to restore and maintain international peace and security.
Like Article 42 (7) TEU, if Article V were to be invoked it is up to each individual member state to decide what action it deems necessary and does not automatically assume a military response by all members. Each ally would consult with the other members and any assistance would be taken forward in concert.
NATO invoked Article V for the first time in its history after 9/11.
Thus far NATO has not invoked Article V in response to the terrorist attacks in Paris and France has not requested that it do so. In a statement on 17 November 2015, the NATO Secretary General stated:
There has been no request for invoking Article 5. But many NATO Allies have offered France support and help. And we are doing so in many different ways, not least by sharing intelligence, working more closely with France in their efforts to fight ISIL.
And US, our biggest NATO Ally, is leading the coalition fighting ISIL. And Turkey, another NATO Ally, is on the borders of Syria and Iraq and very much affected, a key Ally in the fight against ISIL. So NATO countries contribute in many ways, both in their support for France and in the fight against ISIL.
And I’m looking forward now to meet with European Defence Ministers now and discuss how we can further develop our close cooperation between NATO and the European Union.
France and Article 42(7) of the Treaty on the European Union (99 KB , PDF)
The Armed Forces Covenant is a statement of the moral obligation which exists between the nation, the Government the armed forces.
Russian military forces are building on the borders of Ukraine once again. What are Russia's intentions and how is the West responding?
UK and Western military assistance to Ukraine has been longstanding, but was increased significantly after 2014 and the Russian annexation of Crimea. Recent events, which have seen the build-up of Russian military forces on Ukraine's borders, have once again thrown a spotlight on the nature of Western support to the country. | https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/research-briefings/cbp-7390/ |
Chess for Peace triple threat simul . The formidable trio included former World Champ Anatoly Karpov and GMs Alexander Onischuk and Yury Shulman.
WFM Palina Churun was the only player out of 60 to emerge victorious from the|
Palina was born on January 18,1982 in Minsk, Belarus and learned to play chess when she was seven years old. She moved to the U.S. in 2004 and settled in Wisconsin where she is completing a business management program at the University of Wisconsin. She teaches through the program "Chess-Ed." Apart from chess, Palina loves swimming, tennis, skiing and traveling.
Palina said: "My win against a former World Champion Anatoly Karpov has inspired me to become a better chess player and I hope it will do likewise to other chess players, particularly girls. Mr. Karpov was always one of my favorite chess players and I often demonstrate his famous games during my lessons." Palina kindly annotated the game for CLO readers.
1710
1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 Bg7 4. e4 d6 5. Nf3 0-0 6. Be2 Nbd7
The first six moves identified the King’s Indian Defense, Classical variation
7. 0-0 e5 8. Be3 c6 9. Qc2 Re8 10. Rfe1 h6 11. Rad1 Ng4 12. Bc1? exd4 13. Nxd4
13...Qh4
In the diagram above, I missed a knight sacrifice on f2 that would have caused considerable defensive problems for white. For instance, 13…Nxf2! 14. Kxf2 15. Qh4+ Kg1 (15… Kf116. Bxd4 Rxd4 17. Qf6+ fork) 16. Bxd4+ Rxd4 (16. Kh1 Be5) 17. Qxe1+ with a decisive advantage for Black.
14. Bxg4 Qxg4
After exchange on g4, the game takes on a more positional style. Protracted maneuvering and typical for the KID fighting for the control over the dark squares, particularly the a1-h8 diagonal ensued.
15. h3 Qh4 16. Nf3 Qf6 17. Be3 Ne5 18. Nd2 Be6 19. Ne2 c5 20. Nf4 Nc6 21. b3 Rad8 22. Nf3 Ne5 23. Nh2 Kh7 24. Nxe6 Qxe6 25. Bd2 Nc6 26. Nf3 Qf6 27. Re3 Qf4 28. R3e1 Qf6 29. a3 Re6 30. Re3 Qf4 31. R3e1 Qf6 32. b4 Qe7 33. b5 Nd4
White tries to gain some space by advancing on the queen-side while Black takes the control over the d4 square.
34. Nxd4 Bxd4 35. Kf1 Re8 36. f3 Qf6 37. Be3?
A surprising mistake that allows black to win a pawn on e4 due to an absolute pin on the f-file
37. Rxe4 38. Bxd4 Rxe1+ 39. Rxe1 Rxe1+ 40. Kxe1 Qxd4
With the exchange of the pieces black’s advantage becomes more apparent.
41. Ke2 Qg1 42. Kd3 Qd4+ 43. Ke2
At this moment a draw was offered by GM Onischuk. When I declined it, a clock was introduced to the game and time became a critical factor. I kept my cool and focused on winning.
43... d5 44. exd5 Qxd5 45. Qa4 c4
A dangerous passed pawn on the c file coupled with an active black queen ensures Black’s win
46. Qxa7 c3 47. Qe3 Qxb5+ 48. Qd3 Qb2+ 49. Kd1 Qxa3 50. Qc4 Qa1+ 51. Ke2 Qa6!
Another absolute pin that leads to a queen exchange and an elementary won pawn endgame. At this point the Karpov team resigned. | http://www.uschess.org/index.php/March/Spotlight-on-Palina-Churun.html |
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In both the upper and lower houses of parliament, women hold just under 12% of seats each, according to data from the Inter-Parliamentary Union, a global organisation of national parliaments. Ranked 148 out of 189 countries, India lags far behind even neighbouring nations such as Bangladesh and Pakistan. And the bill to improve this situation by reserving a third of seats for women has been languishing in the lower house for years.
But research shows that there’s an economic case for electing more Indian women to power at the local-level.
A working paper (pdf) by researchers at the universities of Essex, Michigan, Siegen, and Youngstown has found that Indian constituencies that elected women recorded “significantly higher growth” in economic activity over those that elected men.
The paper written by Thushyanthan Baskaran, Sonia Bhalotra, Brian Min, and Yogesh Uppal looks at 4,265 state assembly constituencies across India between 1992 and 2012, focusing on those where the woman candidate’s margin of victory was very small. This let the researchers look at cases where the legislator’s gender was effectively randomly assigned and not influenced by factors like a generally progressive constituency.
Then they analysed the effect of legislators’ gender on the constituency’s economic performance. In the absence of other constituency-level economic data like GDP, they used the change in night-time lighting as a proxy parameter.
It was found that when a constituency elected a woman with a small margin, the growth in annual luminosity over an electoral term was 15.25 percentage points higher than that of seats that elected a man. This translates to a 1.85 percentage point difference in annual GDP growth, according to the findings.
“Given that average (GDP) growth in India during the period of study was about 7% per year, our estimates indicate that the growth premium for constituencies stemming from their having a female legislator is about 25%,” the researchers write.
What makes the difference?
In close elections, the key difference between candidates was that women were less likely to have criminal charges pending against them, the study found. Citing another paper that showed that criminality negatively affected luminosity growth in India, the researchers argue that this could explain the difference in economic performance.
“It seems plausible that legislators with a criminal record are more likely to practise corruption, to have priorities other than economic development, and, possibly, are less likely to provide a stable business environment,” they write.
The researchers also looked at corruption and found that the net assets of women legislators grew less while in office than those of men, suggesting that women were less likely to be corrupt than men, a factor that can definitely play a role in a constituency’s economic performance.
To explore how exactly women legislators affect public-good delivery, the paper then looked at the construction of road infrastructure under the Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana, a nation-wide scheme to improve road connectivity. Women legislators were found to be more effective than men in completing road projects, i.e., creating infrastructure for growth—for everyone.
Of course, there are limitations to the paper’s approach.
“Since we focus only on a fairly narrow set of constituencies (those that have close mixed-gender races) it is not clear whether we can generalise our results to constituencies with mixed-gender races where the race was not close or to constituencies where there was never a competitive women candidate (the majority of constituencies in India),” co-author Thushyanthan Baskaran told Quartz in an email.
Another issue is that there could be many other reasons, beyond the propensity towards corruption and criminality, why women-led constituencies perform better.
However, the results do offer an alternate way to think about increasing the political representation of women. If voters can be given accurate information about how they do their job compared to men, they might just consider supporting more women in power on their own. | |
Phoenix inflation is the highest in the United States, according to the Common Sense Institute
Nobody likes to pay more for less. But if you live in the Phoenix metro area, you do just that.
Inflation there is higher than anywhere else in the country, according to a recent study of the Common Sense Institute, a nonpartisan, nonprofit think tank based in Phoenix.
Inflation is hitting all Americans, but no more so than Arizonans who have faced an unprecedented price spike of 10.9% over the past 12 months, 3 points higher than the rest of the country.
“It has a significant impact on the typical household,” said Jim Rounds, a Tempe-based economic analyst. Phoenix New Times. “This is close to the worst it’s going to be.”
In February 2021, a gallon of gasoline in Arizona cost $2.25. Today it’s $4.63, more than double, according to AAA.
“The gas price issue is a real issue,” Rounds said. “It has an impact when you’re buying milk or cheese, because those items have to be transported.”
Yet it’s not just fuel prices that are on the rise, dripping past the gas pump onto grocery store shelves.
Remember when a gallon of milk is $1.98 in Phoenix last year? Today, Valley residents aren’t likely to get a gallon of whole milk for their Apple Jacks for less than $3.26, according to the United States Department of AgricultureMarch report.
Inflation is a growing problem in the Phoenix metro area.
Since October, prices of basic necessities have jumped at least 1% every month.
Phoenix lends itself to unprecedented inflation due to its rapidly growing economy, Rounds said. Stronger economic growth leads to greater demand for products.
This does not bode well for Valley residents as businesses continue to struggle to get food, drink, clothing and sundries to consumers amid soaring fuel prices and shortages. of shipping containers, among other issues.
“A high-growth region like greater Phoenix is under more pressure to deliver to consumers,” Rounds said. “But at the moment it can’t.”
It all started with the pandemic.
Demand for gasoline, recreation and services plummeted as a mass exodus from the office locked people at home in isolation. When people returned to work last year, demand reverted to something resembling the pre-coronavirus norm.
Supply, however, still lags behind.
“COVID still has an impact on what’s happening right now,” Rounds said. “It’s causing this lingering effect that hits the wallets of every household in Arizona.”
Inflation has an outsized effect on low-income people, say economists.
According to the Common Sense Institute study, the average household in the Valley spends an additional $4,462 on food, shelter, transportation, medical care and other goods and services compared to a year ago.
Since February 2021, all items have increased in price. Fuel has increased by 44% and energy by 29% in Arizona, the study finds.
The study, citing the US Bureau of Labor Statistics, also points out that housing costs have jumped by more than 12%, almost three times more than the rest of the country.
New data from Rent.com shows renters are paying 81% more for a studio in Gilbert compared to the same period last year — the biggest increase in an apartment for rent in any city in America.
“Housing affordability is a major issue,” Rounds said. “House prices are rising here more than anywhere else.”
In 2020, the cost of energy, clothing, raw materials, education, durable goods, recreation and transportation have all gone down. Annual inflation from 2010 to 2019 averaged just 2% in Arizona.
A lot has happened since then.
“The Ukrainian crisis and the US response to it are likely to put additional pressure on commodity, energy and gas prices,” the researchers of the recent study concluded. “For these reasons, we believe further consumer price inflation is likely over the next three to six months, rather than an easing.”
Rounds says it could take until the end of the calendar year for rapid inflation to subside in metro Phoenix.
Other experts predict early 2023.
“It’s going to be sticky for a little while,” Rounds said. “Prices will remain stuck at this higher level for some time to come.”
In January, the Phoenix metro area recorded the second highest inflation after the Atlanta metro area. But inflation has risen more than 2% since then, putting the Valley of the Sun at the top of the list.
Rounds advises low-income people in the Valley to make a conscious effort to live within their means, but not to stop spending altogether.
The good news, he says, is that Phoenix has one of the strongest economies in the country. | https://sustainable-jerusalem.org/phoenix-inflation-is-the-highest-in-the-united-states-according-to-the-common-sense-institute/ |
Hola, my fellow warlocks!👋 Today let’s talk about the 5 basic skills of drawing that are to be learned to become an artist. If you are like me, you would have never thought about the intricate techniques, theories or the actual how-to behind a good drawing. You just draw, try to recreate a beautiful painting you’ve seen somewhere or let your imagination run wild and create something of your own. It’s good. But to make our drawing experience better, let’s get into the rules and details of the required skills.
There are 5 basic skills of drawing which are as follows.
- Perception of edges
- Perception of spaces
- Perception of relationships
- Perception of lights and shadows
- Perception of the whole or the Gestalt
Pure Contour Drawing
Before we get into the skills, it’s necessary to know what is pure contour drawing. It is nothing but the simplest form of linear expression. For example, take a look at this simple drawing.
Here, to draw a fruit, simple and definitive lines are used. In simple words, pure contour drawing is linear drawing, that is, using clear and definitive lines or edges to draw without any shading techniques.
Perception of Edges
After we learn about the pure contour drawing, we can move on to the first basic skill in drawing that is, perception of edges. In the world of drawing, an edge is not just an outline of an object but also a shared boundary between two things. For example, take a look at this drawing.
Here in this simple line drawing, the edge is the shared boundary between the boat and the surface of the water. Also the horizon line is also a shared boundary between the water and the sky. We don’t have to draw separate lines for these things. It is our understanding of this concept of shared boundary and drawing it and the exact way it is perceived by the viewers, is what it takes to master this skill.
Perception of Spaces
When I say spaces, it’s actually negative spaces. A positive space is the space taken up by the object that we are drawing. Negative space is the space surrounding and in between the space taken up by the object. In a way, the negative spaces are the ones that highlights and gives life to the actual drawing. Let’s take a look at an example.
In this example, the positive space is the space taken up by the furniture and negative space is everywhere else.
In this negative image, focus on the darker spots. Like an exercise, instead of drawing the chair, try drawing the negative, dark shapes. What you are doing here is, you are not trying to draw the chair but end up drawing a chair! Weird and confusing? Let me make it clear.
Let’s imagine a tougher drawing. For example a scenery in landscape.
In this drawing, take a look at the sky. The negative space here is the sky. Instead of drawing clouds, I’ve shaded the sky black leaving out the clouds part. So in a way, I’ve drawn clouds by not drawing clouds! Sounds cool, right? Also, for the ocean, I’ve drawn random strokes here and there to depict tides. It’s the negative white space, that gives life to the ocean. It is this understanding and incorporating this concept, makes us master this skill which in turn elevates our simple art to an ‘art with capital A’!
Perception of Relationships
Ever seen an artist in a movie or any show, holding out a pencil or thumb in front of them to scale the object they are about to draw? It’s called sighting, a part of perceiving relationships.
Let’s say you are standing in front of the Eiffel tower and want to draw it in your sketchbook. Now, what you need to figure out here is how to fit that hundreds of meters tall tower into a small paper and make it look convincing. This is where the sighting comes into play.
Before you begin drawing this tower on your sketchbook, imagine you are looking through an imaginary camera. This is where you need to stop your brain from thinking too realistically, because obviously you can’t draw that tall tower into a paper of equal proportions! Instead to fit it in that tiny paper you’ve got, hold out your pencil or thumb to scale for proportions in length and width. Maintain the same distance between your eyes and thumb (or pencil) to ensure accuracy in the scale. In this case let’s say, the tower is one pencil height and one-third wide at the base.
Take a look at this giant wheel. If we are standing perpendicular, that is at 90° angle, what we see is a perfect circle. But in this picture, from the point of view, it’s not actually a circle but oval. Note that as angle of view changes (imagine walking around the giant wheel in a circle), the shape we are supposed to draw too changes from circle to oval, then back to circle.
This perspective is very important because if we don’t pay attention to the angle of view, our drawing is a disaster. We can never make convincing drawings ever. It needs practice and imagination because, when we think of an object to draw, our brain automatically brings forward and fixes the default shape of it. (In this case, a wheel which is ‘always supposed to be circle’.) This is where our imaginary camera comes into play again. Imagine you are looking through a camera and with a little practice, it’s a piece of cake!
Perception of Light and Shadow
This is another important topic to be concentrated in drawing. It sounds simple but it’s got the power to make or break a drawing. If your drawing doesn’t look convincing enough, lights and shadows might play a big part in it. Read on to know what it’s all about and how to get it right every single time.
Let’s look at an example, like these beautiful pumpkins here. Apparently, the light source is at the top left corner. Half of the pumpkins are brighter and the other half in the right side are at a darker tone.
There are two types of shadows : form shadow and cast shadow. The form shadow part is the darker half, that is the half facing away from the light source. The cast shadow is the shadow that is cast on the ground by the object itself.
In this landscape scenery, I’ve chosen the light source to be at the top right corner. Hence the right side of the house is white, while the left side of the house is darker because of the concept of form shadow. Simply to remember, while drawing every object in a scenery, we need to remember the position of light source and imagine how the shadows will be cast and which portion of the object will be darker.
Perception of the Whole or the Gestalt
The fifth basic skill – the Gestalt is very interesting, fascinating and huge topic. (May be in future I’ll make a detailed post about it.) Gestalt is a German word (pronounced in English as Gesh-tult), meaning unified-whole. It simply means how we perceive a whole drawing or art, the final impact it creates on us.
Our brain is a thing to be marveled about! When we see a group of separate objects, our brain immediately focuses on finding similarity or continuity between them, perceiving it as a whole and understanding the meaning of it. It’s almost as fast as a reflex action.
Let’s take a look at this drawing for example. I have drawn dead/dry branches in a way that as a whole what is seen is a human face. This is similarity/closure. It doesn’t have to be a perfect human face for our brain to perceive it. But of course, I can’t draw those branches randomly and expect everyone to see a human face! That’d be ridiculous!😄 There is a grey area between the two ends and that’s where you can dabble and create beautiful art!
There are five laws of gestalt: similarity, continuity, proximity, closure and periodicity, which I’ll talk about in detail in future posts.
So, these are the five basic skills that every artist should remember. It might look simple but it gets as complex as our drawing is. It might look intimidating to the beginners but all it takes is keeping in mind these things while drawing and after a little practice, it will come naturally!
Thank you for visiting! Here’s a few more interesting topics to check out.👇 If you’ve liked it, do share it with the world!💜 Regards, the Art Warlock. | https://artwarlock.com/2021/02/28/basic-skills-of-drawing/ |
✏Modern Technology and the Human Future Book Summary : Technology has always shaped human life and our understanding of what it means to be human. But does it actually encourage human flourishing? By exploring the doctrine of the incarnation and what it means for our embodiment, Craig Gay raises concerns about the theological implications of modern technologies and movements such as transhumanism, offering an alternative vision to the path of modern technology.
📒The Scope Of Tolerance ✍ Raphael Cohen-Almagor
✏The Scope of Tolerance Book Summary : One of the dangers in any political system is that the principles that underlie and characterize it may, through their application, bring about its destruction. Liberal democracy is no exception. Moreover, because democracy is relatively a young phenomenon, it lacks experience in dealing with pitfalls involved in the working of the system - the ‘catch’ of democracy. This is an interdisciplinary study concerned with the limits of tolerance, this ‘democratic catch’, and the costs of freedom of expression. Rights are costly, and someone must pay for them. We can and should ask about the justification for bearing the costs, weighing them against the harms inflicted upon society as a result of a wide scope of tolerance. While recognizing that we have the need to express ourselves, we should also inquire about the justifications for tolerating the damaging speech and whether these are weighty enough. This book combines theory and practice, examining issues of contention from philosophical, legal and media perspectives and covers such issues as: media invasion into one’s privacy offensive speech incitement hate speech holocaust denial media coverage of terrorism. This book is essential reading for anyone who has research interests in political theory, extremism, and free speech.
📒Uncanny Networks ✍ Geert Lovink
✏Uncanny Networks Book Summary : Geert Lovink interviews an international group of artists, critics, and theorists on aesthetic, cultural, and political aspects of new media. For Geert Lovink, interviews are imaginative texts that can help to create global, networked discourses not only among different professions but also among different cultures and social groups. Conducting interviews online, over a period of weeks or months, allows the participants to compose documents of depth and breadth, rather than simply snapshots of timely references.The interviews collected in this book are with artists, critics, and theorists who are intimately involved in building the content, interfaces, and architectures of new media. The topics discussed include digital aesthetics, sound art, navigating deep audio space, European media philosophy, the Internet in Eastern Europe, the mixing of old and new in India, critical media studies in the Asia-Pacific region, Japanese techno tribes, hybrid identities, the storage of social movements, theory of the virtual class, virtual and urban spaces, corporate takeover of the Internet, and the role of cyberspace in the rise of nongovernmental organizations. Interviewees included Norbert Bolz, Paulina Borsook, Luchezar Boyadjiev, Kuan-Hsing Chen, Cã¬(c)n Dan, Mike Davis, Mark Dery, Kodwo Eshun, Susan George, Boris Groys, Frank Hartmann, Michael Heim, Dietmar Kamper, Zina Kaye, Tom Keenan, Arthur Kroker, Bruno Latour, Marita Liulia, Rafael Lozano-Hemmer, Peter Lunenfeld, Lev Manovich, Mongrel, Edi Muka, Jonathan Peizer, Saskia Sassen, Herbert Schiller, Gayatri Spivak, Já(R) ̄s Sugá2¬ Ravi Sundaram, Toshiya Ueno, Tjebbe van Tijen, McKenzie Wark, Hartmut Winkler, and Slavoj Zizek.
📒Muslims And The New Media ✍ Mr Göran Larsson
✏Muslims and the New Media Book Summary : Scholars from an extensive range of academic disciplines have focused on Islam in cyberspace and the media, but there are few historical studies that have outlined how Muslim 'ulama' have discussed and debated the introduction and impact of these new media. Muslims and the New Media explores how the introduction of the latest information and communication technologies are mirroring changes and developments within society, as well as the Middle East's relationship to the West. Examining how reformist and conservative Muslim 'ulama' have discussed the printing press, photography, the broadcasting media (radio and television), the cinema, the telephone and the Internet, case studies provide a contextual background to the historical, social and cultural situations that have influenced theological discussions; focusing on how the 'ulama' have debated the 'usefulness' or 'dangers' of the information and communication media. By including both historical and contemporary examples, this book exposes historical trajectories as well as different (and often contested) positions in the Islamic debate about the new media.
📒Counterfeit Medicines Policy Economics And Countermeasures ✍ Albert I. Wertheimer
✏Counterfeit Medicines Policy economics and countermeasures Book Summary : "Discusses the economic and financial consequences of pharmaceutical product counterfeiting and describes some of the measures that can be taken to counteract their impact"--Provided by publisher.
📒The Internet And The Mass Media ✍ Lucy Küng
✏The Internet and the Mass Media Book Summary : 'This book analyses issues of the internet and mass media in a rapidly changing environment. It covers a wide range of fundamentals which will be in effect for a longer time, and reflects the benefits of international and interdisciplinary collaboration' - Professor Heinz-Werner Nienstedt, President European Media Management Education Association 'This excellent book will be of great use to researchers, teachers and students interested in the relationship between the Internet and the mass media and it offers an invaluable contribution to the literature. The overall picture that emerges from this book is one that is very balanced, stressing both the radical potential of the internet and the ways in which the various media sectors have experienced the impact differently' - Professor Colin Sparks, University of Westminster What impact has the Internet really had on the media industries? What new regulatory policies and business models are driven by the Internet? And what are the effects of the Internet on how we produce, access and consume music, film, television and other media content? After an initial flurry of analysis and prediction of the future of the dot com boom, this is the first book to review the developments of the first Internet era and investigate its actual outcomes. Bringing together sophisticated analyses from leading scholars in the field, The Internet and the Mass Media explores the far-reaching implications of the Internet from economic, regulatory, strategic and organizational perspectives. This cross-disciplinary, international view is essential for a rich, nuanced understanding of the many technological, economic, and social changes the Internet has brought to the way we live and work. This book will be essential reading for those who study, research or work in media, communication, journalism, media management, and arts administration.
📒Unspeakable Things ✍ Laurie Penny
✏Unspeakable Things Book Summary : Shortlisted for the Green Carnation Prize 2014 Laurie Penny, one of our most prominent young voices of feminism and dissent, presents a trenchant report on our society today--and our society tomorrow, as she is willing to fight to see it. Smart, clear-eyed, and irreverent, Unspeakable Things is a fresh look at gender and power in the twenty-first century, which asks difficult questions about dissent and desire, money and masculinity, sexual violence, menial work, mental health, queer politics, and the Internet. Celebrated journalist and activist Laurie Penny draws on a broad history of feminist thought and her own experience in radical subcultures in America and Britain to take on cultural phenomena from the Occupy movement to online dating, give her unique spin on economic justice and freedom of speech, and provide candid personal insight to rally the defensive against eating disorders, sexual assault, and internet trolls. Unspeakable Things is a book that is eye-opening not only in the critique it provides, but also in the revolutionary alternatives it imagines.
📒Nuclear Power Is Not The Answer ✍ Helen Caldicott
✏Nuclear Power Is Not the Answer Book Summary : The renowned antinuclear activist delivers a “frighteningly convincing argument” against nuclear energy as a solution to climate change (Publishers Weekly). In a world torn apart by wars over oil, politicians have stepped up their search for alternative energy sources—and their leading choice is nuclear energy. But nuclear energy’s popularity as a green alternative is based on misinformation. People claim that nuclear-powered electricity does not cause global warming or pollution, that it is inexpensive, and that it is safe. These claims, as Helen Caldicott demonstrates, are untrue. In Nuclear Power Is Not the Answer, Caldicott digs beneath the nuclear industry’s propaganda to examine the actual costs and environmental consequences of nuclear energy. In fact, nuclear power does contribute to global warming; the cost is prohibitive, with taxpayers picking up most of the tab; there’s not enough uranium in the world to sustain it over the long term; and the potential for a catastrophic accident or a terrorist attack far outweighs any benefits. In concluding chapters, Caldicott details alternative sustainable energy sources that are the key to a clean, green future.
✏Reference User Services Quarterly Book Summary : | https://www.booklibrarian.com/pdfepub/the-internet-is-not-the-answer/ |
A message from our CEO
Our CEO, Fiona Menzies shares our highlights and milestones from the 2020-21 annual report.
At the time of writing my last Annual Report message, the pandemic had only just set in. The impact on the arts sector of restrictions and lockdowns was felt immediately, but we didn’t know how long it would last and what the longer-term impact would be.
Twelve months on, the arts sector has survived with substantial Government assistance, and the individuals within it have demonstrated how resilient they are, many having to deal with lengthy and multiple lockdowns, and ongoing restrictions affecting their ability to make a living and to share their work in person.
While the sector has swiftly adjusted to the digital world, there is still nothing that replaces the collective experience of live performance (for both performers and audiences). Seeing a work of art on a screen is simply not the same as seeing it in person, as you lose scale, texture and context. It has also been heartening to see that audiences and supporters have stood by artists and the arts sector throughout the pandemic.
Creative Partnerships Australia has worked closely with the arts sector over the last 18 months, adjusting our programs to meet the needs of a sector in crisis. Participants in our matched funding programs, Plus1 and MATCH Lab, needed to reassess their fundraising strategies, many of which relied on events that were no longer able to take place. With amended timelines and advice from our Programs Team and State Managers, alongside their own adaptability and hard work, participants in these programs were able to achieve their goals in the hardest of times.
Like others, Creative Partnerships shifted our program of events online where possible and adjusted them for the online environment. We continued to deliver our Fundamentals of Arts Fundraising workshops online and added the Knowledge Series, covering a range of topics to stimulate new ideas for fundraisers in the sector, as well as presenting some one-off webinars on topics such as the ethics of arts partnerships, which cannot be ignored. Meanwhile, our mentoring program, LIFT, had a specific focus on managing change as a result of the pandemic, and we will report on this next year.
The survey for our next Giving Attitude report took place during this year, capturing the early part of the pandemic. The report will be released in late 2021 and will show both the financial impact and the impact on priorities and confidence across all part of the arts and cultural sector. This report will provide evidence that will enable organisations to make decisions about their fundraising priorities and to identify best practice, as well as tracking trends over time.
Although there is some evidence that giving across all cause areas is declining, we were thrilled to be able to facilitate donations of $4.4 million to artists’ fundraising campaigns through the Australian Cultural Fund. This continues to grow as a valuable tool for artists who want to attract philanthropic support for their work, in addition to government support and earned income.
Each year we host the Creative Partnerships Awards to recognise and celebrate the contribution of businesses and donors to the arts. While this year the Awards ceremony had to be modified to comply with COVID-19 restrictions, we were grateful to be able to hold an event for a limited audience of 50 people at the Sidney Myer Music Bowl, with generous assistance from Arts Centre Melbourne. It was pouring with rain, but the atmosphere was electric, and we were grateful that Minister Fletcher was able to join us for this occasion.
My thanks go to Creative Partnerships’ dedicated staff for the way they got on with the job with good cheer and creative thinking, in order to provide the best possible programs and services to the arts and cultural sector as the pandemic continued well beyond our expectations. They have shown great care and concern for each other and for our sector colleagues. Thank you also to Directors who have supported me through this difficult year, I have appreciated your counsel, wisdom and confidence. Creative Partnerships also works closely with the Office for the Arts and we appreciate its support and the ongoing support of our Minister, the Hon Paul Fletcher MP, and his office.
If there is one thing that the pandemic has confirmed, it is that Australians of all ages and all backgrounds in communities across the country engage with the arts and culture, through music, screen, reading and much more. Australians have gained a new appreciation of the value artists and those in the creative industries bring to our world. Creative Partnerships will continue to play our part in supporting this sector and encouraging others to do the same.
Fiona Menzies
CEO
Read our annual report 2020-21 (PDF) or read a summary of our achievements. | https://creativepartnerships.gov.au/2021/10/16/a-message-from-our-ceo/ |
Seventy percent of what is purchased in Australia ends up in landfill and around five billion dollars worth of food is wasted annually. Australians waste far too much but these bad habits are gradually changing for the better. Rodney Dekker’s photo essay ‘Reclaimed Journeys’ documents the positive initiatives that are making a difference.
One of the largest and most successful recycling schemes in Australia is the Container Deposit Legislation (CDL) scheme that commenced in South Australia in 1977 which achieves an 80 per cent recovery rate of beverage containers. Portside Christian College in Adelaide has adopted a rigorous recycling programme, raising thousands of dollars through the CDL, which they donate as foreign aid. Other schemes include the recycling of plastic at Melbourne Zoo, the re-manufacture of tyres and billboards into a variety of products by Tyrecycle and Haul and the processing of household recyclables by VISY.
A number of charities in Melbourne, such as Sacred Heart Mission, are preventing food ‘waste’ from entering landfill by reclaiming perfectly edible food and cooking free meals for those in need. Families, governments and businesses are also reducing the generation of waste. Increasingly families are using reusable bags and nappies, a number of schools use second-hand government furniture and a café in Melbourne called Silo produces zero waste.
But what happens when waste does enter the environment? Marine debris impacts negatively on 77 Australian species such as birds and turtles. The government’s Coast and Marine Surveys Project and the organisation Earthwatch are examples of clean up operations. The Kananook Creek Association plays its role in clearing a local creek in Frankston, Victoria, to restore it to a thriving natural habitat.
By raising awareness, monitoring and cleaning up natural habitats, recycling, remanufacturing, reusing and extending the life of products, through to the reduction of waste in the first place, the need for raw material extraction is eased and less waste and fewer greenhouse gases are generated. This produces a cleaner and healthier environment for all species to enjoy. | https://fotodocument.org/portfolio/fotoresource-reclaimed-journeys-by-rodney-dekker/ |
This week’s Fundamental Behavior is “Seek Improvement in Everything.” Like most of the Behaviors we touch on each week, this week’s Behavior is connected to our other Fundamental Behaviors.
My favorite part of the description for Seek Improvement in Everything is, “Don’t be satisfied with the status quo. ‘Because we’ve always done it that way’ is not a reason.” Maintaining the status quo is easy because there is little expectation from others or risk on our part involved. Even when we know a situation or process is not right, we will often rather complain about it with our friends or co-workers than take initiative for improvement. “Seek Improvement in Everything” really challenges us, doesn’t it? It challenges us to break out of our current ways, step out of our comfort zones. What if we changed our mindsets and attitudes and began taking those small steps that actively seek improvement in everything? Small steps that could make our products, our daily work, our environment and that of those around us better? I think others would notice these small, consistent efforts and they would be inspired as well.
If we take a small step, and make a small improvement each day, it’s simpler, more achievable, less intimidating, and more manageable, and when applied consistently, it will bring us stronger results that are sustainable. After all, that is what we are looking for: those small steps that will bring sustainable improvement that builds sustainable success.
We rarely see tremendous life success with a quick fix. Life is just not that easy. That is why so many of us fail at New Year’s resolutions. We set difficult, maybe unrealistic goals that are insanely hard to achieve. Instead, we need to take that small step and build upon it – That “paper thin effort” that Tadao Yoshida spoke of that can build sustainable success.
The documentary, Travis: A Soldier’s Story is the moving and inspiring story of Travis Mills, a decorated veteran and 1 of 5 servicemen from the Iran and Afghanistan wars to survive injuries as a quadruple amputee. Despite his horrific injuries and intense debilitating pain from losing his legs and parts of both arms, he began his recovery efforts. Five weeks into his determined recovery, he was able to feed himself with the use of a prosthetic hand. Learning to walk was a much more arduous process. Travis had to work hard each day to build up is strength little by little in his hips and core. Amazingly, through his daily labors to improve his strength and only five months after his injury, Travis was able to walk a 5K in New York.
This is the power of that daily paper thin effort to seek improvement. Albert Einstein called the power of compounding the most powerful force in the universe. Einstein was speaking on the power of compounding interest but the same can apply to the results we can expect if we daily seek improvement in everything.
Last week in his message on the Fundamental Behavior “Innovate,” Keith Meyer asked us to be willing to try the unconventional, to challenge the traditions of YKK by asking ourselves, “What if?” I wonder, what if we step out and challenge the status quo by improving each day? What will happen when others see our continuous efforts? I think it can be contagious and will inspire others to challenge the status quo as well. I hope you will try it and give it some time. I think if you do, we will see a positive difference in the culture of our company along with some amazing results. | https://ykknorthamerica.com/20190325-issue-52-fundamental-behavior-12-seek-improvement-in-everything/ |
It’s a rare event for a movie sequel to beat the original. Terminator 2, Rush Hour 2, Lethal Weapon 2…and the cult classic, Evil Dead 2, all managed to pull off the trick, outperforming the original to become summer blockbusters on their own.
But those are exceptions.
Most sequels — hundreds of them — go the way of Caddyshack 2 and Grease 2 – unwatchable disasters, box office busts. Even the original summer blockbuster, Jaws, couldn’t deliver success for its sequential offspring 2, 3, and 4.
Successful sequels generally follow successful originals, building on unfinished story lines and strong word-of-mouth. (Has there ever been a good sequel to an original flop?) So it’s most rare and risky to make a sequel when the original was panned. | https://www.cnbc.com/id/42976164 |
As Captain Marvel, Carol Danvers has traveled to almost every inch of the planet - and beyond! Now she's heading somewhere uncharted! Join Carol on her new cosmic journey through a realm where up is down...and good is evil! As Carol chases down the the truth about her Kree friend Bean, she'll come face to face with the darkest being in this or any galaxy. You'd think a familiar face would be comforting, but this Peter Quill doesn't seem to be in a friendly mood. It's Carol vs. Peter, and the prize is - the Reality Stone! But will the unmatched power of this unearthed artifact be enough to pull Carol back to reality, or is this merely the first step in a much larger quest?. Collecting CAPTAIN MARVEL (2017) #125-129. | https://mk1.co.nz/products/9781302906078 |
The temporary shutdown of businesses and the forced telecommuting implemented by major employers in the central Puget Sound region has resulted in a tremendous decrease in the number of vehicles on previously congested corridors.
Although traffic is expected to increase as the state gradually reopens business activity, recent surveys show a potentially dramatic shift in how workers want to commute –particularly those who rely on buses or light rail services. Some transportation analysts say the situation presents an opportunity to reexamine future transit investments and the role telecommuting can play in relieving traffic congestion.
A new report by the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) reveals that since the COVID-19 outbreak in early March, highway traffic as of May 27 has dropped by 22 percent. However, WSDOT Assistant Secretary Marshall Elizor at the Joint Transportation Committee’s (JTC) May 21 meeting did clarify that while the data compares traffic from the same dates in 2019, the days fall in different parts of the week.
The low point was on March 29, when overall highway traffic was down by 63 percent compared to the same day last year. In Puget Sound, traffic on the State Route 520 Bridge as of May 27 has fallen by 64 percent and by 45 percent on the Interstate 90 Floating Bridge. Traffic at toll facilities and on ferry services has plummeted by 54 percent, while transit ridership is down by 64 percent.
While highway traffic is slowly creeping toward 2019 levels, mass transit has stagnated due to ongoing health concerns.
As a result, Washington Policy Center Transportation Director Mariya Frost said during a May 27 virtual webinar that though it’s hard to measure long-term impact, “some ridership losses will likely not be recovered. People are planning on making significant changes in the way they go about their lives and work.”
According to a new survey by IBM’s Institute for Business Value, of the 25,000 people polled, more than 20 percent who regularly used transit would no longer use it, while 28 percent said they would use it less often. Over 50 percent of respondents said would either stop using ridesharing apps or rely on them less, and 25 percent said they plan to only travel in a personal vehicle.
IBM Services Senior Managing Partner Jesus Mantas said in a statement that the study “provides further evidence that COVID-19 is permanently altering U.S. consumer behavior. There are long term implications of the new consumer behaviors for industries like retail, transportation, and travel among others. These organizations need to quickly adapt their business models to serve the new consumer behaviors in order to survive and thrive.”
Frost said these findings offer a chance “for transit agencies to partner with companies….to offer people the most direct, the most safe, and the most cost-effective trip” from their home to their work.
Prior to COVID-19, companies such as Microsoft and Boeing offered alternative commuting options for workers. Microsoft’s Connector bus service had 4,300 riders per day on 23 routes, while Community Transit provided Boeing employees with transit routes between Everett and Bothell. The two companies alone employ roughly 125,000 people in the central Puget Sound region.
One of the most striking results of IBM’s survey was the growing preference for telecommuting; more than 75 percent of respondents wanted to work remotely occasionally, while 54 percent wanted telecommuting as their primary work arrangement. The shift in workplace preference could have enormous implications for transit serving downtown Seattle, where Amazon’s campus is located. The online retail company recently announced that it will allow corporate workers to telecommute through September. More than half of Amazon’s Seattle workers prior to COVID-19 did not use a car to get to work and are believed to be the primary reason the city has bucked a national trend of decreased transit ridership.
Frost said this likely shift from transit use needs to be considered when it comes to thinking about ST3, a $54 billion transportation package approved by voters in 2016 consisting of bus rapid transit and light rail expansion. Even before COVID-19, future light rail lines planned as part of ST3 were experiencing a drop in transit riders.
“I think there should be a conversation about whether that expansion…is a useful way to spend an enormous amount of public dollars with existing safety concerns,” Frost said. “Agencies should right-size their services to existing ridership.”
She added that telecommuting might be part of the long-term solution to traffic congestion in the region, where the population is expected to increase from 4.2 million to 5 million by 2040.
Frost said greater adoption of telecommuting should also involve a change in public policies that currently “artificially restrict people to live near employment centers. If you can telecommute, you can live wherever you want.”
The next JTC meeting is scheduled for June 23. The Washington Policy Center hosts a webinar each . | https://thelens.news/2020/05/27/commuting-in-a-post-covid-19-world/ |
Kinship analysis is any analysis that deals with kinship. Such analyses are used in many different disciplines of research, where analysis is conducted in different ways.
- In Anthropology, kinship analysis is normally either the analysis of social practices related to kinship, or the analysis of systems of Kinship terminology in different cultures.
- In Forensics, Kinship analysis is used about forms of Genetic profiling aimed at discovering possible genealogical relations between individuals based on DNA samples.
| disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Kinship analysis.
This |
If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. | http://www.let.rug.nl/~gosse/termpedia2/termpedia.php?language=dutch_general&density=7&link_color=000000&termpedia_system=perl_db&url=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKinship_analysis_%28disambiguation%29 |
Very pleased to announce that my tutorial on Multi-page applications is now available in both C# and VB and in both HTML and in PDF format.
Set Theory
It is my hope that this approach to multi-page applications will prove useful, though of course it is not the only way to approach this problem. That said, I will be leveraging this solution in a series of forthcoming videos and blog posts about the Silverlight Toolkit.
This brings up the concept of stand alone units (blog posts, videos, etc.) that also live in Modules, and then in Sets – an idea that I’ve been toying with for about two months.
This idea may have merit or not, but The Toolkit seems to offer a good opportunity to start down the path. The concept of Sets is to have three tiers at which developers can access information:
1. Individual Units that stand alone
2. Modules that are groups of Units but that are orthogonal to one another
3. Sets that tie some number of modules together into a coherent and comprehensive whole.
The original premise behind How Do I videos was that the developer could dip into a video without needing to have seen any other video; we’ve stretched this into pairs and even small groups of videos where needed, but we still believe in the original idea.
Modules provide an opportunity to have the best of both: individual stand alone units and then groups of units where the soul is greater than the hum of its parts (see Douglas Hofstadter – The Mind’s I; only he could combine a pair of puns with a Spoonerism) .
Once two or more modules have been created, it is possible to imagine creating a set: a group of modules that together provide comprehensive coverage of a topic of interest; in this case, complete coverage of the Toolkit.
Key to this idea is that each unit stands on its own, with the module providing the connections between them. Similarly, each module is independent of all other modules, with the Set providing the overarching theme.
Stay tuned, as I build more units on the Toolkit, I’ll create a map (or Table of Contents) and when it makes sense, I’ll cluster them into Modules.
Thanks. | http://jesseliberty.com/2008/12/04/tutorial-on-multi-page-applications-posted/ |
ASP.NET 2.0 is not simply about learning new controls and exploring other related topics. And although you can t learn all the features of ASP.NET 2.0 in a short span of time, it is an asset to have a good book that provides comprehensive analysis about nearly all the features so you can refer to it whenever you require. Professional ASP.NET 2.0 Special Edition is one such book; it truly explores all the topics associated with the new framework (in more than 1,000 pages).
The book consists of 34 chapters and four appendixes. Every page contains high-quality content written professionally for developers. The initial chapters provide detailed analysis about the fundamentals of ASP.NET 2.0, Visual Studio 2005, application and page frameworks, and server and validation controls. The authors also should have examined Visual Studio Express, as many developers may not have access to Visual Studio 2005. However, the book ships with a 180-day trial version of the product, which developers can use to master the contents of the book if they don t have access to the development environment.
Chapters 8 and 9 examine such features of ASP.NET 2.0 as master pages, themes, and skins. Chapter 10 covers collections and lists, and chapters 11 and 12 provide exhaustive coverage about database-related topics. The authors thoroughly explain the use of GridView, DetailsView, and other related Data controls, in addition to coverage about other databound controls such as DropDownList, ListBox, and CheckBoxList.
Chapters 13, 14, and 15 deal with XML, the provider model, and the different ways by which you can extend the provider model. The text also demonstrates how to build your own providers in a detailed manner. Chapters 16, 17, and 18 examine site navigation, personalization, membership, and role management techniques. An interesting point to note is that each chapter includes detailed explanations and screenshots in both Visual Basic and C#. The authors also provide tables listing important methods, accompanied by short descriptions about each one.
While chapter 19 analyzes the workings of WebParts, chapter 20 examines the different ways by which you can secure your ASP.NET 2.0 applications. The remaining chapters provide comprehensive coverage of state management, caching, debugging and error handling, file operations, user and server controls, modules, and handlers. The chapter covering file operations is very useful; it includes source code for compressing and decompressing ZIP files using ASP.NET 2.0. But I found the decompression example is of little use for real world developers who need a solution for decompressing a ZIP file into a folder rather than saving it as a text file. I hope the authors look into this and modify the code appropriately in the next edition of the book.
The rest of the chapters mainly target advanced developers; they include detailed analysis about the use of business objects, mobile development, building and consuming XML Web services, localization, configuration, and instrumentation. The final two chapters examine the different methods of deploying ASP.NET 2.0 applications. As mentioned, the book includes four useful appendixes. Appendix A covers the new features included with VB 2005 and C# 2.0. Appendix B examines migrating ASP.NET 1.1 projects to 2.0. Appendix C provides concise coverage of the use of Atlas, with the help of an accompanying example. There should be more content about Atlas, and as a separate chapter, not an appendix. The final appendix lists useful Web sites.
A big advantage of this book is that the authors cover all the advanced features of ASP.NET 2.0 in a lucid language, with source code in both VB and C#. Moreover, the book ships with a special CD that includes content from other interesting Wrox titles. The downside is that it is too bulky and heavy to carry. I don t recommend Professional ASP.NET 2.0 Special Edition for beginners because it includes advanced topics that may be irrelevant to them. However, they can use the book after mastering the basics of ASP.NET 2.0 using other fundamental books.
Anand Narayanaswamy
Rating: | https://www.itprotoday.com/net/professional-aspnet-20-special-edition-30-oct-2009 |
Q:
Why is the voltage negative?
What I don't understand is why the the two voltage sources are subtracted when working out the emf for part a, The graph does not show the orientation of the solar panel so I thought I was to assume they had the same orientation?
for part b why is it that when working out the voltage across V1 and V2 for V1 you subtract the voltage dropped across the internal resistance while for V2 you add? Thank you.
A:
Part a.i:
It would be a clearer question if it specified the orientation of the solar panel, but since it states the battery is being charged, it makes sense to assume the solar panel is oriented in such a way that the current is flowing into the positive terminal of the battery (the opposite way from the way it would be flowing if the battery were discharging). So the positive side of the solar panel is facing the positive side of the battery.
Part a.ii:
The reason is that the current is flowing in opposite directions through those two resistors; from top to bottom through the battery's internal resistance, and from bottom to top through the solar panel's internal resistance. Thus the voltage across those resistors have opposite signs as measured by the voltmeters.
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Networking Tourism SMEs: e-Commerce and e-Marketing Issues in Regional Australia
Networks, knowledge, and relationships have become crucial assets to business survival in the new economy. Research indicates that network building is a major new source of competitive advantage and an essential regional and indeed global management requirement. Because regional policies encourage interfirm alliances and the development of regional economic communities, the fostering of a culture of connectivity, networking, learning, and trust between regional Australian small and medium-size tourism enterprises (SMTEs) may offer a potential solution to the possible loss of competitive advantage for Australian tourism enterprises. It is suggested that SMTEs would benefit from increased information flow through regional networking and cooperative e-marketing campaigns to enhance market visibility, global positioning, and strategic leverage in the new economy.
No References
No Citations
No Supplementary Data
No Article Media
No Metrics
Keywords: Network structures; Networking; SMTEs; e-Commerce;
Document Type: Research Article
Affiliations: School of Business, University of Ballarat, Ballarat, Vic 3353, Australia
Publication date: January 1, 2002
More about this publication?
- Information Technology & Tourism is the first scientific journal dealing with the exciting relationship between information technology and tourism. Information and communication systems embedded in a global net have profound influence on the tourism and travel industry. Reservation systems, distributed multimedia systems, highly mobile working places, electronic markets, and the dominant position of tourism applications in the Internet are noticeable results of this development. And the tourism industry poses several challenges to the IT field and its methodologies. | https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/cog/itt/2002/00000005/00000001/itt83 |
Everyone must develop the spirit of sacrifice (thyaga). You must serve the people with your body. You have to cherish good and noble thoughts in your mind. You must use your wealth for supporting educational and other institutions to help the people. Give food to the starving. This is the way to lead a purposeful and sublime life. Life has been given to you not to become fat yourself. The body is the basic instrument for the practice of righteousness (Dharma). Dedicate your entire time to service and for the proper discharge of your duties. God alone can transform your spiritual efforts into a transcendental experience. God is omnipresent; He is everywhere and within you. You are Divine! Ensure your spiritual practices (Sadhana) are not for any selfish reason. It must promote the good of others. Giving up selfishness, cultivating selfless love for others, and sanctify your lives. Then you will experience Sakshatkara, the vision of the Divine from within you.
1. Sacrificing that is dear to some one is true sacrifice.
2. Great examples of sacrifice from our epics like Karna – who gave his shield knowing fully well that will be his end.
3. Examples from Ramayana – The great sacrifice of Sumithra and Urmila were considered greater than Lakshmana’s sacrifice.
4. Sacrificing animal qualities and negative qualities such as ego, anger, envy and greed are the kinds of sacrifices we should focus on. | https://sathyasai.center/discussion-summary-sadhana-quote-of-april-8-2017/ |
That means the image shows what the black hole looked like that many years ago.
Black holes, phenomenally dense celestial entities, are extraordinarily hard to observe by their very nature despite their great mass. Fortunately, our galaxy's supermassive black hole is on the quiet side. In the optical range, the ring around the black hole would likely appear white, perhaps tinged with blue or red, according to Fox. This black hole is about 6 billion times the mass of our sun.
But scientists say they were able to produce the new image from data collected from a series of radio telescopes around the world. This monumental feat has been made possible by EHT's eight ground-based radio telescopes positioned throughout the world, coming together in an global collaboration.
A Facebook screenshot of Kevin Koay Jun Yi giving a lecture on the EHT project in Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) on January 29.
"Black holes are the most mysterious objects in the Universe", Doeleman said during the press conference at the National Press Club in Washington, D.C. Most galaxies are thought to have a supermassive black hole at their center.
The galaxy is called Messier 87, or M87. "Once you cross it, you will never be able to get out and you will never be able to communicate", said astronomer Avi Loeb, who is director of the Black Hole Initiative at Harvard but was not involved in the discovery. It's believed that what we see on the image is the black hole surrounded by a ring, or "halo" of luminous gas. It is more than six times bigger than the sun.
Using 8 extremely powerful radio-telescopes, set up on 5 continents, numerous specialists and having processed hundreds of gigabytes of data, the humanity snapped a very important shot.
Einstein's theory also was validated by another major astrophysics achievement announced in 2016, the detection of gravitational waves, or ripples in spacetime, arising from two black holes that smashed together. "Einstein, we rejoice in your brilliance". He added that he felt very satisfied that the image did not contain any big surprises. "It's nearly humbling in a certain way", said Shep Doeleman, the project's director. We saw something so true.
If you didn't know what you were looking at, the image wouldn't really be that interesting.
Until now it was impossible to tell which was right, but the image that was released on Wednesday was totally consistent with Einstein's predictions: Another score for the great man.
There has been incredibly strong evidence that black holes exist for a long time, but this still isn't the same as directly observing the thing itself - which is what we have the privilege of doing now. | http://sawmillsports.com/2019/04/what-does-a-black-hole-look-like-were-about-to-find-out/ |
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In my last post, I described one of the most used applications of Dublin Core Metadata - RDF. In today's post, I will describe second most used applications of Dublin Core Metadata - Web Ontology Language (OWL).
The Web Ontology Language (OWL) is a family of knowledge representation languages for authoring ontology. Ontology is a formal way to describe taxonomy and classification networks, essentially defining the structure of knowledge for various domains: the nouns represent classes of objects and the verbs represent relations between the objects.
An ontology defines the terms used to describe and represent an area of knowledge. Ontologies are used by people, databases, and applications that need to share domain information (a domain is just a specific subject area or area of knowledge, like medicine, tool manufacturing, real estate, automobile repair, financial management, etc.). Ontologies include computer-usable definitions of basic concepts in the domain and the relationships among them. They encode knowledge in a domain and also knowledge that spans domains. In this way, they make that knowledge reusable.
Ontology resembles class hierarchies. It is meant to represent information on the Internet and are expected to be evolving almost constantly. Ontologies are typically very flexible as they are coming from all sorts of data sources.
The OWL languages are characterized by formal semantics. They are built upon a W3C XML standard for RDF objects. I described RDF in my previous post.
The data described by an ontology in the OWL family is interpreted as a set of "individuals" and a set of "property assertions" which relate these individuals to each other. An ontology consists of a set of axioms which place constraints on sets of individuals (called "classes") and the types of relationships permitted between them. These axioms provide semantics by allowing systems to infer additional information based on the data explicitly provided.
OWL ontologies can import other ontologies, adding information from the imported ontology to the current ontology.
For example: an ontology describing families might include axioms stating that a "hasMother" property is only present between two individuals when "hasParent" is also present, and individuals of class "HasTypeOBlood" are never related via "hasParent" to members of "HasTypeABBlood" class. If it is stated that the individual Harriet is related via "hasMother" to the individual Sue, and that Harriet is a member of the "HasTypeOBlood" class, then it can be inferred that Sue is not a member of "HasTypeABBlood".
The W3C-endorsed OWL specification includes the definition of three variants of OWL, with different levels of expressiveness. These are OWL Lite, OWL DL and OWL Full
OWL Lite
OWL Lite was originally intended to support those users primarily needing a classification hierarchy and simple constraints. It is not widely used.
OWL DL
OWL DL includes all OWL language constructs, but they can be used only under certain restrictions (for example, number restrictions may not be placed upon properties which are declared to be transitive). OWL DL is so named due to its correspondence with description logic, a field of research that has studied the logics that form the formal foundation of OWL.
OWL Full
OWL Full is based on a different semantics from OWL Lite or OWL DL, and was designed to preserve some compatibility with RDF Schema. For example, in OWL Full a class can be treated simultaneously as a collection of individuals and as an individual in its own right; this is not permitted in OWL DL. OWL Full allows an ontology to augment the meaning of the pre-defined (RDF or OWL) vocabulary.
OWL Full is intended to be compatible with RDF Schema (RDFS), and to be capable of augmenting the meanings of existing Resource Description Framework (RDF) vocabulary. This interpretation provides the meaning of RDF and RDFS vocabulary. So, the meaning of OWL Full ontologies are defined by extension of the RDFS meaning, and OWL Full is a semantic extension of RDF.
Every OWL ontology must be identified by an URI. For example: Ontology(). The languages in the OWL family use the open world assumption. Under the open world assumption, if a statement cannot be proven to be true with current knowledge, we cannot draw the conclusion that the statement is false.
Languages in the OWL family are capable of creating classes, properties, defining instances and its operations.
Instances
An instance is an object. It corresponds to a description logic individual.
Classes
A class is a collection of objects. It corresponds to a description logic (DL) concept. A class may contain individuals, instances of the class. A class may have any number of instances. An instance may belong to none, one or more classes. A class may be a subclass of another, inheriting characteristics from its parent superclass.
Class and their members can be defined in OWL either by extension or by intension. An individual can be explicitly assigned a class by a Class assertion, for example we can add a statement Queen Elizabeth is a(an instance of) human, or by a class expression with ClassExpression statements of every instance of the human class who has a female value to is an instance of the woman class.
Properties
A property is a directed binary relation that specifies class characteristics. It corresponds to a description logic role. They are attributes of instances and sometimes act as data values or link to other instances. Properties may possess logical capabilities such as being transitive, symmetric, inverse and functional. Properties may also have domains and ranges.
Datatype Properties
Datatype properties are relations between instances of classes and RDF literals or XML schema datatypes. For example, modelName (String datatype) is the property of Manufacturer class. They are formulated using owl:DatatypeProperty type.
Object Properties
Object properties are relations between instances of two classes. For example, ownedBy may be an object type property of the Vehicle class and may have a range which is the class Person. They are formulated using owl:ObjectProperty.
Operators
Languages in the OWL family support various operations on classes such as union, intersection and complement. They also allow class enumeration, cardinality, and disjointness.
Metaclasses
Metaclasses are classes of classes. They are allowed in OWL full or with a feature called class/instance punning.
Syntax
The OWL family of languages supports a variety of syntaxes. It is useful to distinguish high level syntaxes aimed at specification from exchange syntaxes more suitable for general use.
High Level
These are close to the ontology structure of languages in the OWL family.
OWL Abstract Syntax
This high level syntax is used to specify the OWL ontology structure and semantics.
The OWL abstract syntax presents an ontology as a sequence of annotations, axioms and facts. Annotations carry machine and human oriented metadata. Information about the classes, properties and individuals that compose the ontology is contained in axioms and facts only. Each class, property and individual is either anonymous or identified by an URI reference. Facts state data either about an individual or about a pair of individual identifiers (that the objects identified are distinct or the same). Axioms specify the characteristics of classes and properties.
OWL2 Functional Syntax
This syntax closely follows the structure of an OWL2 ontology. It is used by OWL2 to specify semantics, mappings to exchange syntaxes and profiles
OWL2 XML Syntax
OWL2 specifies an XML serialization that closely models the structure of an OWL2 ontology.
Manchester Syntax
The Manchester Syntax is a compact, human readable syntax with a style close to frame languages. Variations are available for OWL and OWL2. Not all OWL and OWL2 ontologies can be expressed in this syntax.
OWL is playing an important role in an increasing number and range of applications, and is the focus of research into tools, reasoning techniques, formal foundations and language extensions. | https://www.galaxyconsulting.net/blog/web-ontology-language |
Q:
What might the surface of Jupiter's rocky core look like?
Jupiter is posited, in some models, to have a rocky core about the size of a few Earths. If we could see through the thick gaseous atmosphere, what topographical features might we find on the rocky core? I know that no probe has ever sent data from Jupiter's (hypothesized) solid surface, and that orbiters probably can't penetrate the clouds to produce a topographic map, but do we at least have any educated guesses as to what sort of surface features are and are not likely to exist? For example, given Jupiter's massive gravity, would the surface be extremely smooth? Or would it not be out of the question to observe things like impact craters or mountain ranges?
A:
There's not going to be any surface features.
First of all, let's assume you could look through a thick soup of metallic hydrogen. This material has densities starting at that of water, going to the densities of solid rock and even above, while still remaining liquid.
On a sidenote: No space probe will ever be able to look into that mess. Only gravitational measurments will help.
In recent years, it has been shown that under such conditions typical minerals are thermodynamically not stable, and thus will dissolve into the hydrogen-helium mix.
Thus, the core will not have any well-defined boundary, but it's going to look more like the following sketch (emphasis on sketch!):
which I took from this author's website, which has also a lot of follow-up in-depth research material linked.
In short: Essentially any topographical features can be ruled out. That thing down there will be a liquefied, high-pressure mess.
It is of course correct to say that Jupiter might not even have a core, but to build a planet with 1 Jupiter mass and one Jupiter radius one usually requires a certain amount of high-Z material in the core, which is why the core-idea is very attractive.
Also, going around on conferences this year, it seems that JUNO does find a 5-25 Earth masses core, but there is no publication on this yet.
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Many have experienced taking a familiar journey, maybe the daily commute to work and not recalling any details of what happened along the route - the familiarity had not laid down any memory of the journey, nothing significant or different took place that required additional action. They just arrived with no recall of the trip. One could say that it was a 'perfect journey'.
Just recently, I was travelling along a familiar road that I had taken many times previously. Just before reaching a difficult and bumpy right angled bend in the road, in the next moment, I found myself five miles away on a different road heading in the wrong direction away from my journey home.
The change took place in an instant - there were no memories in between, no wrong turning, no absent minded driving. Just a sudden switch from being in busy traffic leading up the road bend and the next being in a clear open road miles away without any indication or recollection what had taken place in between. The first thought that something was not quite right was my speed was a lot faster than I would normally be able to do on the road that led home. The feelings were confusing, disorientating, time didn't feel lost, just the inconvenience of having to take a longer route to get back on the home road.
Another example - many will be familiar when watching home videos / films that their focus turns entirely towards the film. Thoughts of time and location are suspended, it may turn dark outside, the temperature drops - and upon the film finishing, you switch attention back into your physical senses, switching on lights, feeling a bit colder, maybe hungry etc.
On two occasions, on watching films downloaded via the computer, the advertised time being 120 minutes, both films started and ended within 20 mins. In other words, a two hour film was watched from beginning to end in just 20 mins of clock time. Looking back at the film and flicking through it quickly, it was clear that nothing had been missed, no dialogue absent, no jumping or switch taking place , the whole film just fitted into the shorter time.
So, having written previously on this matter, I will touch again on the changes we are currently experiencing. Firstly, my apologies for the complexity of the concepts proposed in this message. The dominant energies received during an attunement to another's Stream of Consciousness will normally present the information in a manner particular to their personal understanding. We all adapt our communication in different ways to those we interact with, from young children, to work colleagues, neighbours and family.
Fifth dimension requires a vastly differing perception of creating reality beyond the restrictions of time and space. Our dreams take us instantly from one thought to another without reasoning the changes that take place between. The Light Body Crystalline Christ Consciousness of the ArchAuric Being provides a unified blend of Fifth, Fourth and Third dimensional frequencies manifesting the means to fully experience and enjoy the fruits of our intentional creations.
As part of the experiences of higher frequencies, some are having an having an increasing number of experiences of losing time or not remembering what they was doing or what they were just about to do - as if the energies are affecting their experience of time as well?
Third dimension is a realm of time and space which allows the vibration of form and movement of particles to present a constant flowing stream of changing circumstances. Memory becomes the awareness of movement from one instance of action to another, a measurement of the flow through space as time.
Fourth Dimension provides the realm of potential and possibility, a mental projection of intended thought and Will prior to construction in manifest form.
Fifth Dimension provides the impulses of Desire through the power of the Heart Consciousness, the awareness of the flow of Divine Love seeking expression and embodiment.
In uniting these elements, we find the creative power of the Universe bringing together the combined forces of Desire, Will and Action to present us with the manifestation process.
The merging of timelines provides a growing awareness of dimensions presenting our grounded Self with an exciting new means of experiencing reality. Just as travelling in a car brings us instant awareness of the bumps and large holes in the road, so merging of the timelines will begin to bring us increasing awareness of the consequences of our thoughts and actions.
What used to span lifetimes of continued and repeated actions known as karma and dharma, will now be experienced as ‘reality feedback’ moving from the Speed of Light within Space, known as 'Space-Time' - to the instantaneous and faster Speed of Thought using the form of Thought-Time. This is the realm of Zero Point.
The speeding up of time has come about due to placing lesser importance on the trivial matters of repeated actions and behaviours. What previously took our attention and focus has become ingrained and inconsequential and therefore has no measurement of time as a memory placed against its action.
The physical body takes on many automatic tasks without requiring conscious intention and focus. And so it is with many menial and repeated actions which involve closure of the memory process whilst the body takes over the task of performing the actions required.
The Physical Self takes on the role of Action, whilst the Higher Mind retains focus on the thought process. As this progresses, the Higher Heart becomes the creator, as time itself will become the creation of conscious emotional thought whilst the physical action will become the unconscious reality.
Our experience of this, will appear as instant manifestation of our desires as awareness of time will only focus upon and measure the creation of desire becoming the intention of focused emotional thought.
Manifestation at the speed of thought, action at the speed of Light.
At this time, the ability to measure this transitional process may indeed be experienced as temporary loss of focus, displaced thoughts, losing time and awareness of how quickly time passes with very little action having taken place.
For example, you may desire to spend time with your family on vacation and in the next moment find yourself on that holiday, enjoying the creation of your previous thoughts. There will be less importance placed on the third dimensional experience of Self using spacetime and creating memories of going to work, saving the money, visiting the travel agent, booking the holiday, travelling to the destination.
The Third Dimensional Self will have taken on the task of conducting the actions required whilst the Higher Self enjoys the results of those actions. Where focus goes, energy flows and increasing our awareness of vibrational frequencies moves our point of perception to a higher state of Sovereign Being.
It is a difficult concept to perceive as the grounded Self has grown accustomed to the gradual movement of time and space required to achieve the actions required. Our growing awareness and utilisation of the power of intention to create our own realities will allow these experiences to become a daily occurrence.
These are exciting times, as you progress your memories into creating your reality.
With Loving Blessings <3
Paul Dobree-Carey
Messages and Articles - www.polarisab.com
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Paul is available for consultations to assist with activation and connection to higher dimensional aspects of Self, manifesting and understanding Life purpose events, establishing and maintaining higher expanded consciousness states of awareness.
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Paul is available for consultations to assist with activation and connection to higher dimensional aspects of Self, manifesting and understanding Life purpose events, establishing and maintaining higher expanded consciousness states of awareness. | https://www.polarisab.com/messages-2018/manifestation-at-speed-of-thought |
International and national consultants to provide support for Gender Equity and Social Inclusion (GESI) Assessment
Chemonics International Inc. is currently seeking two consultants - one international and one national - to provide support for GESI assessment for the USAID-funded Vietnam Strengthening Provincial Capacity Activity.
Description of services requested
The purpose of USAID/Vietnam’s Strengthening Provincial Capacity activity is to strengthen the capacity and build the sustainability of local institutions’ provincial capacity building services so they can provide high quality, relevant interventions addressing capacity gaps, enabling provincial officials to implement and measure economic governance reforms more effectively.
USAID SPC strengthens the capacities of three existing Vietnamese institutions, namely the Startup Vietnam Foundation (SVF), a non-profit institution; the School of Government at the University of Economics Ho Chi Minh City (SOG/UEH), an academic institution; and the National Academy of Public Administration (NAPA), a government institution. The activity will improve the responsiveness, quality, and sustainability of economic governance capacity development opportunities for provincial officials offered by these institutions.
The first and second GESI assessments were conducted in 2019 and 2020 respectively.
The purpose of this assignment is to conduct the third GESI assessment with SOG/UEH and SVF, based on the results from the first two assessments, to measure and build on the progress in the past two years and address new or persistent gaps so that GESI issues are strengthened at an institutional level. This assessment will continue to explore GESI gaps and opportunities at multiple levels, examining the differing needs of male and female provincial authorities and entrepreneurs, and vulnerable populations, as well as the institutions’ internal approaches to mainstreaming of women and vulnerable populations. This will create more inclusive opportunities for economic growth, and stronger, more inclusive partner institutions. The assessment will identify specific challenges and recommendations that can be incorporated into the institutional capacity development plans of the institutions to address relevant GESI constraints.
The assessment framework will also consider and update the previous analyses of USAID’s six domains which influence how people participate in and benefit from different opportunities in society. The domains include (1) access to and control over assets and resources, (2) knowledge, beliefs and perceptions, (3) practices and participation, (4) use of time and space, (5) laws, policies, legal rights and institutional practices and (6) patterns of power and decision-making.
The consultants will produce institutional GESI assessment reports for SOG/UEH and SVF that include opportunities and recommendations for further strengthening GESI within each of these institutions will be produced. These findings will be incorporated into the capacity development process to be undertaken with each institution through project support.
This assignment will be conducted during the period of May-September 2021, mainly in Ho Chi Minh City, with briefing and debriefing meetings in Hanoi, and possibly beneficiaries/stakeholder meetings in some selected provinces. The anticipated level of effort for this assignment is 24 days for the international consultant and 17 days for the national consultant. | https://ngorecruitment.org/consultants-to-provide-support-for-gender-equity-and-social-inclusion-gesi-assessment-chemonics-international.html |
Are you passionate about function of the patient? Bring your skills to Vietnam to support the education of occupational therapy (OT) and the patients who need occupational technique. We are currently seeking to appoint a suitable experienced Occupational Therapy Volunteers to join our OT education program in Hai Duong Medical Technical University (HMTU) and University of Medicine and Pharmacy in Hochiminh city.
The demand for Occupational Therapy in Vietnam is huge, however in Vietnam, specialized OT training is not yet available at all levels. There is currently only one module in physiotherapy training.
With grants from USAID through Handicap International (HI), the Medical Committee Netherlands- Vietnam (MCNV) has supported the 5 year-project (2015-2020) on Development of OT education at HMTU and UMP with aims to create enabling conditions to establish education of OT professionals in Vietnam, including provision of OT educators, and development of a standard competency-based curriculum that can be recognized in the region, as well as training materials and strengthened Government policy on OT.
The first ever Bachelor on Occupational Therapy programs has been starting alongside at UMP since March 2017 and at HMTU in November 2017 with technical support from Manipal University, India.
Objectives of assignment:
The OT volunteers are expected to support and provide a comprehensive clinical placement programme for OT students who are enrolling the BOT program at HMTU and mentor them on how to effectively engage with patients and families in the community. The volunteer will share her/his knowledge of OT and how it can help people, young and old, who have disabilities, injuries and disorders that affect Activity Daily Living (ADL) and movement functions.
By the end of this assignment, the volunteer will help providing:
Objective 1: Provide guidance to students undertaking OT subjects including:
- Provide supervision and guidance to OT students during clinical placement at the hospitals.
- Provide support to BOT students in OT practice hours during the OT courses.
- Participate in field visits to support and mentor OT students.
- Share professional knowledge which appropriate for occupational students
- Increase awareness and capacity of OT students working in team setting.
Objective 2: Increase capacity of staff in OT knowledge, proficiency and practice
- Support faculties from Manipal University (India) to effectively delivery OT courses in UMP.
- Provide appropriate education and advice to rehab staff incline to OT.
- Develop and/or maintain partnerships with local, regional and international organisations, professional and peer networks.
Qualifications:
- Bachelor of Occupational therapy
- Has at least 2-3 years in clinical experience
- Have the ability to share knowledge
- Commitment to team work, coaching, and mentoring others
- Awareness and sensitivity of cross-cultural settings
- Patience, tolerance and flexibility
- Excellent communication skills
- Ability to develop working relationships quickly and effectively
- Ability to cope with cultural isolation and a different standard of living
- A preparedness to work with limited resources within a challenging environment
- Committed to gender equality, children protection and disability inclusion
What MCNV provides: | https://mcnv.org/archive/archive-volunteers-needed/ |
D0ESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): We hypothesize that when using a clinician order entry system (COES), nurses and physicians encounter specific information needs that can be predicted based on the information they are reviewing. By automatically providing links to on-line resources designed to resolve those needs, we can decrease the rate at which information seeking is deferred. This should, in turn, increase the rate at which information seeking is successful, leading to better-informed ordering. We will study this problem using programs, called "infobuttons" that use context-specific information to anticipate information needs and automate retrieval from appropriate resources. For example, an infobutton placed next to patient data in a COES display can use the patient data itself to facilitate information retrieval. We believe it is time to study this approach for COES, at multiple institutions. Our approach will be to extend our current research to: . Study information needs that arise when clinicians use commercial or local COES's at three institutions . Build infobuttons that address the specific needs that are identified . Integrate links from the COES's to the infobuttons . Study the ability of the infobuttons to improve access to information Our study will involve the direct observation of clinicians, using a portable usability laboratory, as they use Web-based COES's at New York Presbyterian Hospital, LDS Hospital and Regenstrief Institute during routine patient care and "think aloud" about their information needs. We will analyze these activities to determine, for a given context, the information needs most likely to arise. We will then construct institution-independent infobuttons to automate the retrieval of specific information relevant to specific needs. The infobuttons will be integrated into the COES and we will study their use by clinicians to determine if they are usable and useful in the process of actual patient care.
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CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
BACKGROUND
SUMMARY
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The present application claims priority to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2018-0098423, filed Aug. 23, 2018, the entire contents of which is incorporated herein for all purposes by this reference.
The present disclosure relates generally to a valve opening control apparatus and method of controlling a gasoline exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system and, more particularly, to a valve opening control apparatus and method of controlling a gasoline EGR system in which a flow rate of an exhaust gas to be flow in an intake line is controlled by controlling an opening amount of an EGR valve according to a clogging state of an emergency (EM) filter fluidly connected to a recirculation line located at a rear end of a turbocharger, in a gasoline engine vehicle including the gasoline EGR system.
The engine of a vehicle generates power by mixing the air introduced from the outside with the fuel at an appropriate ratio and then burning the mixture.
In the process of generating power by driving the engine, it is necessary to supply the external air sufficiently for combustion in order to acquire the desired output and combustion efficiency. For this purpose, a turbocharger is used as a device for supercharging the combustion air to increase the combustion efficiency of the engine.
Generally, the turbocharger is a device that rotates the turbine using the pressure of exhaust gas discharged from the engine, and then supplies high-pressure air to a combustion chamber by using the rotational force thereby increasing the output of the engine. The turbocharger is applied to both diesel and gasoline engines.
In addition, an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system is mounted on a vehicle to reduce harmful exhaust gas. Generally, NOx is increased when the proportion of air in the mixer is high so that the combustion occurs well. Therefore, the EGR system is a system that mixes a part (for example, 5 to 20%) of the exhaust gas discharged from the engine back into the mixer again to reduce the amount of oxygen in the mixer and disturb combustion, thereby suppressing the generation of NOx.
An EGR system for gasoline engine is mounted on vehicles in order to improve fuel efficiency. A pumping loss can be reduced in the low speed/low load region through the EGR system and the ignition timing can be advanced by reducing the temperature of the combustion chamber in the middle speed/heavy load region, thereby improving fuel efficiency of a vehicle.
A typical EGR system used in a gasoline engine includes a low pressure EGR system. The low pressure EGR system recirculates the exhaust gas passing through the turbine of the turbocharger to an intake passage at the front end of the compressor.
Further, the low pressure EGR system used in the gasoline engine includes an emergency (EM) filter located at one end adjacent to the EGR valve, thereby removing particulate material (PM) and carbon oxide or nitrogen oxide of the exhaust gas flowing in the intake line.
That is, in the case of a gasoline engine vehicle using the EGR system, the EM filter is provided as a configuration for removing carbon oxides (carbon) or nitrogen oxides contained in the exhaust gas as the exhaust gas flows in.
However, the EGR system according to the related art is configured to be maintained at a certain opening amount without determining whether or not the EM filter is clogged due to carbon deposits. Accordingly, there is a problem that the exhaust gas does not flow in the intake line through the recirculation line due to the clogging degree of the EM filter.
The present invention has been made keeping in mind the above problems occurring in the related art, and an object of the present invention is to provide a valve opening control apparatus and method of a gasoline EGR system in which the clogging state of an EM filter is measured and an opening amount of the EGR valve is controlled according to the clogging degree.
An object of the present invention is to provide a valve opening control apparatus and method of a gasoline EGR system in which an opening amount of the EGR valve is controlled in consideration of a load condition of a vehicle and a clogging state of an EM filter.
The objects of the present invention are not limited to the above-mentioned objects, and other objects of the present invention which are not mentioned can be understood by the following description and can be more clearly understood by the embodiments of the present invention. Further, the objects of the present invention can be realized by the means shown in the claims and their combinations.
In order to accomplish the above object, a valve opening control apparatus and method of a gasoline exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system is configured described below.
The valve opening control apparatus of a EGR system includes a gasoline engine generating driving power through combustion; an intake line through which an intake gas flows into a combustion chamber of the gasoline engine; an exhaust line through which an exhaust gas is discharged from the combustion chamber; a recirculation line branched off from the exhaust line and connected to the intake line; an EGR cooler, positioned in the recirculation line, cooling the exhaust gas flowing in the intake line; an EGR valve configured to control an amount of the exhaust gas flowing in the intake line; an emergency (EM) filter positioned in one end of the EGR valve; and a flow rate regulator configured to control an opening amount of the EGR valve according to a clogging state of the EM filter.
In addition, the flow rate regulator may measure the clogging state of the EM filter. In response to a determination that a clogging degree of the EM filter is less than a first reference value, the flow rate regulator may be configured to maintain the opening amount of the EGR valve at a first open state. In response to a determination that the clogging degree of the EM filter is substantially equal to or greater than the first reference value, the flow rate regulator may be configured to correct the opening amount of the EGR valve to be greater than at the first open state.
In addition, in response to a determination that the clogging degree of the EM filter is substantially equal to or greater than the first reference value and less than the second reference value and when the opening amount of the EGR valve is corrected, the flow rate regulator may be configured to control the opening amount of the EGR valve to linearly increase according to the clogging degree of the EM filter.
In addition, in response to a determination that the clogging degree of the EM filter is substantially equal to or greater than the second reference value and when the opening amount of the EGR valve is corrected, the flow rate regulator may be configured to correct the opening amount of the EGR valve to have a second open state.
In addition, the apparatus may further include a differential pressure sensor configured to measure the clogging state of the EM filter by measuring a pressure across the EGR valve.
In addition, the flow rate regulator may be configured to correct the opening amount of the EGR valve when the number of revolutions of the engine is within a predetermined range.
In addition, the EM filter may be positioned between the EGR valve and the EGR cooler.
In addition, in order to accomplish the above object, a valve opening control method of controlling an EGR system includes: a) determining a condition of an engine load; b) determining, by a flow rate regulator, whether or not a clogging degree of an EM filter is greater than a first reference value when the engine load is equal to or greater than a predetermined value in the step a); c) correcting an opening amount of an EGR valve through the flow rate regulator when the clogging degree of the EM filter is equal to or greater than the first reference value in the step b); and d) checking, by the flow rate regulator, a flow rate of an exhaust gas flowing in a recirculation line through the EGR valve according to the corrected opening amount of the EGR valve.
In addition, the method may further include determining whether or not the clogging degree of the EM filter is less than a second reference value when the clogging degree of the EM filter is equal to or greater than the first reference value in the step b).
In addition, the step c) may include linearly increasing opening amount of the EGR valve according to the clogging degree of the EM filter when the clogging degree of the EM filter is equal to or greater than the first reference value and less than the second reference value.
In addition, the step c) may include maintain the opening amount of the EGR valve at a second open state when the clogging degree of the EM filter is equal to or greater than the second reference value.
In addition, the opening amount of the EGR valve may be maintained at a first open state when the clogging degree of the EM filter is less than the first reference value.
In addition, when the flow rate of the exhaust gas flowing in the recirculation line through the EGR valve according to the corrected opening amount of the EGR valve is less than a predetermined target amount, the step d) may include: d-1) determining whether or not revolutions per minutes (RPM) range of a vehicle engine is changed; and d-2) returning back to the step a) when the RPM range of the vehicle engine is changed in the step d-1) and additionally correcting the corrected opening mount of the EGR valve when the RPM range of the vehicle engine is not changed.
In addition, the step a) may be performed by determining whether or not the condition of the engine load is within an engine RPM range predetermined in a controller.
In addition, the checking the flow rate of the exhaust gas flowing in the recirculation line in the step d) may include measuring a differential pressure applied across the EGR valve using a differential pressure sensor positioned across the EGR valve.
The present invention can obtain the following effects according to the above-described embodiment, the constitution described below, and the combination and use relationship.
Since the opening amount of the EGR valve is controlled in consideration of the clogging state of the EM filter, the present invention has an effect that high fuel efficiency of the vehicle can be achieved even when the EM filter is clogged.
Further, since an output requested by the driver can be provided even when the EM filter is clogged, the present invention has an effect of providing a stable driving performance.
In addition, the present invention has an effect of maintaining an efficient operating performance of the EGR system that performs feedback control according to the corrected opening amount of the EGR valve.
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The embodiments of the present disclosure can be modified in various forms, and the scope of the present disclosure should not be construed as being limited to the following embodiments. This embodiment is provided to more fully explain the present disclosure to those skilled in the art.
Also, the terms “part”, “unit”, “module”, the like, which are described in the specification, mean a unit for processing at least one function or operation, which can be implemented as hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software.
FIG. 1
FIG. 2
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is a conceptual diagram showing a configuration of an engine system provided with an EGR system (hereinafter referred to as an “engine system”) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. is a block diagram showing a configuration of the engine system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
FIGS. 1 and 2
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As shown in , the engine system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes an engine , a turbocharger , an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system , a flow rate regulator , and a controller .
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The engine includes a plurality of combustion chambers that generate driving force through fuel combustion. The engine is provided with an intake line through which an intake gas supplied to the combustion chamber flows and an exhaust line through which an exhaust gas discharged from the combustion chamber flows.
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The exhaust line is provided with an exhaust gas post-treatment device for removing various harmful substances contained in the exhaust gas discharged from the combustion chamber . An embodiment of the present disclosure is provided such that a warm up catalytic converter (WCC) post-treatment device is used to remove nitrogen oxides, carbon deposits, and particulate matter (PM) in the exhaust gas.
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The turbocharger compresses the intake gas (outside air and recirculation gas) flowing in through the intake line and supplies the compressed air to the combustion chamber . The turbocharger includes a turbine provided in the exhaust line to be rotated by the exhaust gas discharged from the combustion chamber and a compressor rotated in cooperation with the turbine to compress the intake gas.
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The EGR system includes a recirculation line , an EGR cooler , an EGR valve , an EM filter , and a flow rate regulator .
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The recirculation line branches off from the exhaust line at the rear end of the turbocharger and joins the intake line . The EGR cooler is positioned in the recirculation line and cools the recirculation gas (exhaust gas) flowing through the recirculation line . A flow regulator is installed in the recirculation line to regulate the amount of exhaust gas flowing through the recirculation line . That is, the flow rate regulator is configured such that an opening amount of the EGR valve may be controlled in cooperation with the controller .
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The EGR valve that is capable of being opened and closed to control a flow rate of a recirculation gas (exhaust gas) flowing into the EGR system is configured in one end of the EGR cooler , and the EM filter for removing residual carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides, and PM contained in the recirculation gas (exhaust gas) is configured in one end of the EGR valve .
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That is, the EM filter is configured to filter out foreign matter when a component such as a catalyst is broken.
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More preferably, a differential pressure sensor is positioned across the EGR valve or across the EM filter , in order to measure a pressure applied across the EGR valve (EM filter) and thus determine the clogging state and the clogging degree of the EM filter . In addition, the flow rate regulator is configured to receive data on the clogging state and the clogging degree of the EM filter to control the opening amount of the EGR valve .
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More preferably, the flow rate regulator of the present disclosure may use the controller located in the vehicle, and may control the opening amount of the EGR valve in consideration of the number of revolutions per minutes (RPM) of the engine of the vehicle, a load applied to the vehicle, and the like, in addition to the clogging state and the clogging degree of the EM filter .
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In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the EGR system may be configured to be operated with the number of revolutions of the engine being at a minimum of 2000 RPM and at a maximum of 4000 RPM. Further, the EGR system , which is typically configured in the gasoline engine , is configured to operate more frequently when the engine is at a low RPM than at a high RPM. However, since a range in which the EGR system is operated may be changed according to the driving area of the vehicle, the EGR system may be operated in a range of the number of revolutions of the engine that is predetermined in the controller or the flow rate regulator .
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The present disclosure is configured such that the clogging state of the EM filter is determined at the range of revolutions of the engine in which the EGR system is operated, whereby the flow rate regulator may determine the clogging degree of the EM filter by measuring the pressure applied to the EGR valve .
FIG. 3
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illustrates a configuration of the EGR system located in the recirculation line according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
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The recirculation line , branched off from the exhaust line and connected to the intake line , is configured to be fluidly connected to an EGR cooler and an EM filter . An EGR valve that is capable of being opened and closed to control the flow rate of a recirculation gas (exhaust gas) is configured in one end of the EGR cooler is located. An EM filter for removing residual carbon oxide, nitrogen oxides, and PM contained in the recirculation gas (exhaust gas) is configured in at least one end of the EGR valve .
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More preferably, in one embodiment of the present disclosure, the EM filter is located between the EGR cooler and the EGR valve .
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The flow rate regulator of the present disclosure is configured to control the opening amount of the EGR valve from the clogging state of the EM filter . In one embodiment, the differential pressure sensor is configured to be positioned across the EGR valve so that the clogging state and the clogging degree of the EM filter may be determined based on a detection result of the differential pressure sensor . In another embodiment of the present disclosure, the differential pressure sensor may be configured to be positioned across the EM filter .
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The differential pressure sensor as described above measures the differential pressure applied across the EGR valve (EM filter ) and corrects the opening amount of the EGR valve when the measured differential pressure is equal to or greater than a predetermined value.
FIG. 4
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shows a correction value for controlling the opening amount of the EGR valve according to the clogging degree of the EM filter according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
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The EGR system of the present disclosure is configured to be operated when the range of revolutions of the engine is maintained between 2000 RPM and 4000 RPM, so that the flow rate regulator determines the clogging state of the EM filter under the condition that the EGR system is operated.
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The flow rate regulator is configured to compensate for the opening amount of the EGR valve when it is measured that the clogging degree of EM filter is greater than the first reference value through the pressure measured through the differential pressure sensor . More preferably, the flow rate regulator performs correction such that the opening amount of the EGR valve is linearly increased in a state that the clogging degree of the EM filter is equal to or greater than the first reference value and less than the second reference value.
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In summary, the flow rate regulator is configured such that the EGR valve maintains a first open state when the clogging degree of the EM filter is less than the first reference value; the opening amount of the EGR valve is linearly increased when the clogging degree of the EM filter is equal to or greater than the first reference value and less than the second reference value; and the EGR valve maintains a second open state when the clogging degree of the EM filter is equal to or greater than the second reference value.
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In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the first reference value means that the clogging degree of the EM filter is 30%, and the second reference value means that the clogging degree of the EM filter is 80%.
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Further, in an embodiment of the present disclosure, the second reference value means that the clogging degree of the EM filter is 65% under the condition of 4000 RPM or more. In this case, the flow rate regulator is configured such that the EGR valve maintains the second open state.
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As described above, in the present disclosure, the first reference value and the second reference value may be varied according to the load and the number of revolutions of the engine .
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In addition, the second open state is provided by doubling the opening amount of the EGR valve as compared with the first open state, and here, the second open state may be the maximum open state of the EGR valve .
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However, the first open state and the second open state mentioned above in one embodiment of the present disclosure may vary depending on the operating environment of the EGR system . In addition, the correction value for controlling the opening amount of the EGR valve may vary depending on the clogging degree of the EM filter .
FIG. 5
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is a graph illustrating fuel efficiency comparison and estimation of the vehicle through the valve opening control apparatus of the gasoline EGR system of the present disclosure.
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As shown in the figure, when the EGR valve is controlled to be maintained in the second open state in a case that the EM filter maintains the second reference value (clogged greater than 80%) through the valve opening control apparatus of the gasoline EGR system according to the present disclosure, there is an effect of increasing fuel efficiency thereof by about 10% compared with the EGR system without the valve opening control apparatus of the gasoline EGR system .
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As described above, the valve opening control apparatus of the gasoline EGR system according to the present disclosure is configured such that the opening amount of the EGR valve is controlled under the condition of the EM filter being clogged when the EGR system is operated, whereby there is an effect that fuel efficiency of the vehicle is increased.
FIGS. 6 and 7
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according to an embodiment of the present disclosure illustrate flowcharts of a valve opening control method of controlling the gasoline EGR system .
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The valve opening control method of controlling the gasoline EGR system according to the present disclosure includes a step of determining a load condition applied to the vehicle (S).
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In the step of determining the load condition, the number of revolutions of the engine and the amount of load applied to the engine are determined. In one embodiment of the present disclosure, it is determined whether or not the number of revolutions of the engine in which the EGR system is operated is 2000 RPM to 4000 RPM.
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In the step, when the load of the engine is equal to or greater than a predetermined value, the flow rate regulator determines whether or not the clogged state of the EM filter is equal to or greater than the first reference value (S) to determine the clogged state and the clogging degree of the EM filter .
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The clogging state and the clogging degree of the EM filter may be determined by the differential pressure applied across the EGR valve or the EM filter . Accordingly, when the EM filter is determined to be equal to or greater than the first reference value, the differential pressure that is equal to or greater than the reference pressure stored in the controller is generated.
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The method includes correcting the opening amount of the EGR valve through the flow rate regulator when the clogging state and the clogging degree of the EM filter are equal to or greater than the first reference value (exhaust gas) (S), and checking a flow rate of the recirculation gas (exhaust gas) flowing in the intake line along the recirculation line according to the corrected opening amount (S).
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In the step S of checking the flow rate of the recirculation gas (exhaust gas), since an EGR gas temperature sensor is located between the EGR cooler and the exhaust line , it is possible to measure the flow rate of the recirculation gas flowing through the recirculation line by measuring the temperature of the recirculation gas flowing in the discharge stage of the EGR cooler .
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Further, in the step of determining the clogging state of the EM filter by the flow rate regulator , when the clogging degree of the EM filter is equal to or greater than the first reference value, it is determined whether or not the clogging degree of the EM filter is less than the second reference value (S).
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That is, the method is configured such that the EGR valve maintains the first open state when the clogging degree of the EM filter is less than the first reference value; the amount of opening of the EGR valve is linearly increased when the clogging degree of the EM filter is equal to or greater than the first reference value and less than the second reference value; and the EGR valve maintains the second open state when the clogging degree of the EM filter is equal to or greater than the second reference value.
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The opening amount of the EGR valve may be corrected according to a map stored in the controller of the vehicle or the correction value may be computed through the flow rate regulator and the controller on the basis of the differential pressure measured through the differential pressure sensor .
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A step of checking the flow rate of the recirculation gas (exhaust gas) flowing in the recirculation line according to the corrected opening amount of the EGR valve (S) is performed. When the differential pressure measured in the differential pressure sensor is substantially the same as the predetermined value (S), the opening amount of the EGR valve is maintained (S) and the logic is terminated (S).
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When the differential pressure measured by the differential pressure sensor is not substantially equal to the predetermined value (S), it is determined whether or not the RPM during traveling of the vehicle has been changed (S). When the RPM during traveling of the vehicle is changed, (S), the opening amount of the EGR valve is maintained (S) and the load condition applied to the vehicle at the initial stage is measured (S).
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However, when the differential pressure measured by the differential pressure sensor is not substantially equal to the predetermined value (S) and the RPM during traveling of the vehicle is not changed (S), the opening amount of the EGR valve is additionally corrected (S) and it is determined whether or not the differential pressure measured by the differential pressure sensor is substantially equal to the predetermined value (S).
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As described above, the opening amount of the EGR valve is controlled in consideration of the travelling condition of the vehicle and the clogging state of the EM filter through the valve opening control method of controlling the gasoline EGR system of the present disclosure, and the amount of recirculation gas (exhaust gas) flowing in the recirculation line is controlled to be increased in accordance with the corrected opening amount of the valve .
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The controller and/or the flow rate regulator may include a processor, a memory and/or a storage coupled to the processor. The processor may be a central processing unit (CPU) or a semiconductor device that processes instructions stored in the memory and/or the storage. Each of the memory and the storage may include various types of volatile or nonvolatile storage media. For example, the memory may include a read only memory (ROM) and a random access memory (RAM). Thus, the operations of the methods or algorithms described in connection with the embodiments disclosed in the specification may be directly implemented with a hardware module, a software module, or a combination of the hardware module and the software module, which is executed by the processor. The software module may reside on a non-transitory, or transitory, storage medium (i.e., the memory and/or the storage) such as a RAM, a flash memory, a ROM, an erasable and programmable ROM (EPROM), an electrically EPROM (EEPROM), a register, a hard disc, a removable disc, or a compact disc-ROM (CD-ROM). The storage medium may be coupled to the processor. The processor may read out information from the storage medium and may write information in the storage medium. Alternatively, the storage medium may be integrated with the processor. The processor and storage medium may reside in an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC).
The foregoing detailed description illustrates the present disclosure. Furthermore, the foregoing is intended to illustrate and explain the preferred embodiments of the present disclosure, and the present disclosure may be used in various other combinations, modifications, and environments. That is, it is possible to make changes or modifications within the scope of the concept disclosed in the present specification, equivalents to the disclosure and/or the scope of the art or knowledge of the present disclosure. The described embodiments are intended to be illustrative of the best mode for carrying out the technical idea of the present disclosure and various changes may be made in the specific applications and uses of the present disclosure. Therefore, the detailed description of the disclosure is not intended to limit the disclosure to the disclosed embodiments. It is also to be understood that the appended claims are intended to cover further embodiments.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The above and other objects, features and other advantages of the present invention will be more clearly understood from the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1
is a configuration diagram showing an engine system provided with a valve opening control apparatus of a gasoline EGR system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 2
is a block diagram of an engine system provided with a valve opening control apparatus of a gasoline EGR system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 3
is a configuration diagram of a gasoline EGR system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 4
is a graph showing correction values for controlling an opening amount of an EGR valve in a valve opening control apparatus of a gasoline EGR system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 5
is a graph illustrating fuel efficiency comparison and estimation of a vehicle using a valve opening control apparatus of a gasoline EGR system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 6
is a flowchart illustrating a valve opening control method of controlling a gasoline EGR system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; and
FIG. 7
is a flowchart of a process of checking an exhaust gas flow rate in a valve opening control method of controlling a gasoline EGR system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. | |
Madalena Energy Inc. ("Madalena" or the "Company") (TSXV: MVN and OTCQX: MDLNF) is pleased to announce the appointment of Mr. Ezequiel Martinez Ariet as permanent Chief Financial Officer of the Company, effective as of July 1, 2017. Mr. Martinez replaces Madalena Director Alejandro Augusto Penafiel, who assumed an Interim CFO role on May 31, 2017, following the transfer of executive management functions from Canada to Argentina. The Madalena board of directors would like to thank Mr. Alejandro Augusto Penafiel for his diligent work and assistance in facilitating the transition between management regimes.
Mr. Martinez, who will leave his position as Administrative and Financial Manager at AESA in Argentina, will bring 15 years of financial, strategic and operational experience to Madalena. He will be based in Buenos Aires and will report directly to Madalena Chief Executive Officer, Jose David Penafiel. Mr. Penafiel commented, "Having had the privilege of working with Mr. Martinez on projects in the past, I am fully confident that his knowledge, expertise and experience will greatly enhance the management team at Madalena and offer invaluable leadership, both during this current period of reorganization and beyond. His precise insight into the E&P market in Argentina makes him the perfect candidate for the position of CFO of Madalena."
An Accountancy graduate from Salvador University with post-graduate diplomas from the Professional Council of Economic Sciences CABA (IFRS and ISAs), the IAE Business School (Business Management) and the Catholic University of Argentina (Finance), Mr. Martinez combines vast proficiency in Accounting, Administration, Tax and Finance with abundant experience in the geographical region. After acting as Head of Accounting at Argentinian energy giant YPF, he moved on to the position of CFO at Petrolera San Jose before leading the financial team as Administrative and Financial Manager at AESA - a subsidiary of YPF - with some 5,000 employees and a net income of around $460 million (USD).
About Madalena Energy Madalena is an independent, Canadian upstream oil and gas company with operations in four provinces of Argentina where it is primarily focused on the delineation of unconventional oil and gas resources. The Company is implementing horizontal drilling and completions technology to develop both its conventional and resource plays.
Madalena trades on the TSX Venture Exchange under the symbol MVN and on the OTCQX under the symbol MDLNF.
Reader Advisories
Forward Looking Information
The information in this news release contains certain forward-looking statements. These statements relate to future events or our future performance, in particular, but not limited to, with respect to matters related to the Company's future plans and the timing of certain matters. All statements other than statements of historical fact may be forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are often, but not always, identified by the use of words such as "seek", "anticipate", "plan", "continue", "estimate", "approximate", "expect", "may", "will", "project", "predict", "potential", "targeting", "intend", "could", "might", "should", "believe", "would" and similar expressions. These statements involve substantial known and unknown risks and uncertainties, certain of which are beyond the Company's control, including: the impact of general economic conditions; industry conditions; changes in laws and regulations including the adoption of new environmental laws and regulations and changes in how they are interpreted and enforced; fluctuations in commodity prices and foreign exchange and interest rates; stock market volatility and market valuations; volatility in market prices for oil and natural gas; liabilities inherent in oil and natural gas operations; uncertainties associated with estimating oil and natural gas reserves; competition for, among other things, capital, acquisitions, of reserves, undeveloped lands and skilled personnel; incorrect assessments of the value of acquisitions; changes in income tax laws or changes in tax laws and incentive programs relating to the oil and gas industry; geological, technical, drilling and processing problems and other difficulties in producing petroleum reserves; and obtaining required approvals of regulatory authorities. The Company's actual results, performance or achievement could differ materially from those expressed in, or implied by, such forward-looking statements and, accordingly, no assurances can be given that any of the events anticipated by the forward-looking statements will transpire or occur or, if any of them do, what benefits the Company will derive from them. These statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties and may be based on assumptions that could cause actual results to differ materially from those anticipated or implied in the forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements in this news release are expressly qualified in their entirety by this cautionary statement. Except as required by law, the Company undertakes no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements. Investors are encouraged to review and consider the additional risk factors set forth in the Company's Annual Information Form, which is available on SEDAR athttp://www.sedar.com.
Neither the TSX Venture Exchange nor its Regulation Service Provider (as that term is defined in the policies of the TSX Venture Exchange) accepts responsibility for the adequacy or accuracy of this release. | |
Modular Home With A Minimal Yet Timeless Vibe
Minimal materials and a practical layout make this house stand out from a lot of other projects. It was designed by PIN Architects and it’s located in Mulga, a region in Turkey. In a lot of ways this is a modular home, even if not in the classic sense of the term. It’s also a house defined by contrasts. Inside and out, everything is meant to be simple and to have a timeless vibe. The transparent facades let in lots of natural light and expose the internal spaces to the surroundings and the views which by the way are amazing.
As mentioned, the materials featured throughout the house are minimal. They include concrete, glass and natural wood, a combination which looks harmonious without seeming bland or boring. At the same time, the house embraces its surroundings without giving up privacy. At the rear there’s a large deck which seamlessly blends the indoor and outdoor environments, extending the living room outside. As for the interior, the spaces are super welcoming and manage to balance out the exposed concrete and neutral colors with comfortable, plush couches, vibrant indoor plants and beautiful artwork. | https://www.homedit.com/modular-home-with-a-minimal-vibe/ |
To search by structure, left click in the box below to display the chemdraw toolbar. Then, draw the chemical structure of interest in the box using the toolbar. When your structure is complete, click “Search by Name” or “Search by SMILES” to generate the product name or SMILES respectively. This feature will search within the Gelest product database for matching chemical names or SMILES. Note: In cases where Gelest uses alternate chemical names, it may be necessary to search for the product of interest by its CAS#.
- Einecs Number 228-010-2
- HMIS 2-2-1-X
- Molecular Formula C10H25O5Ta
- Molecular Weight (g/mol) 406.26
- TSCA Yes
- Boiling Point (˚C/mmHg) 145/0.1
- Density (g/mL) 1.566
- Flash Point (˚C) 40 °C
- Melting Point (˚C) 18-9°
- Refractive Index @ 20˚C 1.4855
Additional Properties
Application
Employed in sol-gel synthesis of bulk and thin film Ta2O5 as a capacitor dielectric.1
Employed in sol-gel synthesis of lithium tantalate ferroelectrics.2
Forms chiral complexes with substituted trialkanolamines useful in asymmetric catalysis.3
Employed in low-pressure CVD of optical interference filters.4
Reference
1. Ling, H. et al. In Science of Ceramic Processing, Hench, Ed.; Wiley 1986.
2. Pluré, P. J. Mater. Res. 1993, 8, 334.
3. Nugent, W. et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 6142.
4. George, M. et al. Vacuum Techn. Sci. 2000, 22.
Safety
ALD Material
Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a chemically self-limiting deposition technique that is based on the sequential use of a gaseous chemical process. A thin film (as fine as -0.1 Å per cycle) results from repeating the deposition sequence as many times as needed to reach a certain thickness. The major characteristic of the films is the resulting conformality and the controlled deposition manner. Precursor selection is key in ALD processes, namely finding molecules which will have enough reactivity to produce the desired films yet are stable enough to be handled and safely delivered to the reaction chamber. | https://www.gelest.com/product/AKT810/ |
In amphibians, as in other vertebrates, stress stimuli have been found to affect different functions, including development, growth, and reproduction. A wide range of responsiveness to stressors has been reported for amphibians; for instance, capture and/or captivity stress induced changes both in the hypothalamus-pituitary-interrenal and hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axes. However, few studies have examined the response to stress in terms of recovery and/or adaptation by applying stress paradigms for a short and long-term duration. In the present paper, the short-term captivity stress responses were evaluated in the anuran Rana esculenta by measuring peripheral corticosterone, androgens, prolactin (PRL), and growth hormone (GH) changes. Moreover, in long-term captivity and salinity stress, effects were evaluated by measuring peripheral PRL changes and those of PRL mRNA in the pituitary together with plasma corticosterone and androgens. Short-term (24 h) captivity stress induced an increase of peripheral corticosterone together with that of GH and PRL since these hormones are involved in the "alarm phase" and in energy demand of stressed animals. The opposite trend was found for peripheral androgens, in view of the negative effects exerted by stress in the reproductive axis. In long-term (1 month) captivity and salinity stress, responses were consistent with the increasing of PRL mRNA at pituitary level, through a long-loop feed-back mechanism depending on the decreasing levels of peripheral PRL, whereas no changes were found in the levels of plasma corticosterone and androgens. Therefore, it seems that Rana esculenta activates different neuroendocrine mechanisms depending on the duration of stress and on the types of stressors. | https://waseda.pure.elsevier.com/ja/publications/neuroendocrine-modulation-of-stress-response-in-the-anuran-rana-e |
For a autonomous or semi-autonomous robot to navigate in a crowded environment safely, having a prediction of future behaviors of surrounding agents is unavoidable. Hence the Crowd Prediction module is in charge of estimating plausible future locations of these agents by considering possible interactions with each other and with environment as well. The output of the system is a set of predicted trajectories and could be considered in the navigation process in certain situations.
In CrowdBot we have designed and implemented a data-driven prediction system that can learns from the observed trajectories in the environment to improve the prediction. This system that is called “Social Ways” uses generative adversarial networks to map a given input of N observed trajectories corresponding to N detected agents into K various sets of N predicted trajectories.
We use recurrent neural networks to encode the agents’ trajectories. In parallel 3 simple interaction features between pairs of agents are computed, including euclidean distance, bearing angle and the distance of closest approach (i.e. the smallest distance two agents would reach in the future if both maintain their current velocity). The interaction features pass through a attention-pooling layer, where they are assigned weight values between zero and one, that indicate how much each interaction is impactful in prediction of a certain agent.
Crowd Simulation
How Virtual Reality can help robots navigating crowds?
It is crucial to evaluate the capacity of robots to move safely in close proximity with humans. But testing such capacities in real conditions may raise risks of collisions between the robot and the experimenters or the participants of tests. To avoid such risk, CrowdBot is exploring the use of Virtual Reality to perform such tests. The principle is illustrated above: whilst the robot and the human remain physically separated, both the robot and the human perceive one another as if they were face to face, as illustrated on the right image. | http://crowdbot.eu/crowd-prediction-and-simulation/ |
Gerontologist. 2020 Sep 24:gnaa143. doi: 10.1093/geront/gnaa143. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Older populations with underlying medical conditions are at higher risk of COVID-19 severity and mortality once infected. Intersectional gerontology considers the compounding effects of multiple forms of social inequity. This study explores how racial-nativity status, family income, education level and the intersecting profile of these three social standings stratify differential patterns of chronic conditions among Canadians aged 45 years and older.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Using the baseline Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (n = 29,748), multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted to estimate multivariable-adjusted odds of having one and/or two (≤ 2) or multiple (≥3) medical conditions (i.e., diabetes, asthma, cancer, previous heart attack, cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and obesity) based on socio-demographic characteristics.
RESULTS: There were significant racial-nativity disparities and social-class gradients in multimorbidity. The odds of having ≥3 medical conditions were greater for Black immigrants (OR=1.79, 95% CI=1.13, 2.82), South Asian immigrants (OR=1.49, 95% CI=1.02, 2.19) and close to double for Aboriginal Canadians (OR=1.96, 95% CI=1.37, 2.80) relative to Canadian-born Whites. Black, South Asian and Aboriginal populations from disadvantaged socioeconomic backgrounds had the highest odds of having ≥3 medical conditions (OR=3.50, 95% CI=1.41, 8.70).
DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS: Despite a universal health system, marginalized older Canadians who are racialized foreign-born, less educated, and/or low-income have a higher prevalence of multimorbidity that are associated with COVID-19 severe illness and mortality. Upstream health policy and social care tackling intersecting structural inequities should be undertaken to prevent increasing multimorbidity among underserved aging populations. | https://www.docwirenews.com/uncategorized/intersectionality-and-inequalities-in-medical-risk-for-severe-covid-19-in-the-canadian-longitudinal-study-on-aging-25/ |
Tips On How To Write An Informative Essay
Your task is to ensure there are not any gaps in the info you current. Do not make your reader guess about the ideas you aimed to present. An informative essay is an academic paper normally written at highschool and college ranges.
Keep the following issues in mind to craft a profitable, informative essay. Always end all the body paragraphs with a concluding statement that ties up the paragraph properly and supplies a transparent and crisp transition from one paragraph to another. Once carried out stating the supporting evidence, you will want to clarify how the finding is important or relevant to the topic. The conclusion summarizes what you’ve got already said, and brings some new level of nuance or sophistication to your authentic thesis.
When it comes to writing essays in faculty, we all want a place to start. Some college students could find this to be a simple course of, whereas others might spend a higher amount of time understanding this basic building block of college writing. Whatever the case, use the following pointers to strengthen your information of this preliminary essay format. Five-paragraph essays are extremely useful in two situations â when writers are simply starting out and when a writing task is timed. It is necessary to understand academic writing conventions when learning the means to write an informative essay introduction.
Since the intent of an informative essay is to teach the readers, you should have sound data concerning the subject. Apart from the subject matter, you need enough practice to improve your writing expertise and write compelling essays. As you can see, the informative essay on classical English literature does not bite. In this guide, we informed you tips on how to do it â so do not deprive yourself of a chance to touch the best literary works and hone your informational essay writing ability.
When the physique half is prepared, every physique half could have a quantity of strong claims â defined and proved. It is critical to know that such an essay is informatory yet does not puzzle readers with complicated terminology. It is your task to ship information utilizing simple words and an easy-to-read format. The only exception is when the subject demands the usage of a particular vocabulary. Remember that the aim of informative essay is not impose your view, however to inform and educate the audience on a subject chosen.
At the tip of your paper, it is normally very helpful to have a brief abstract of the points you lined. This allows readers to decide if they understood every little thing totally, or if there were some ideas that they missed. It also serves to offer a basic define of https://www.nanosmat-conference.com/ your paper, making it possible to skim by way of it quickly. The order you current your information to readers is simply as necessary as the information you provide. Make sure you devise a well thought out order that doesn’t go away your readers wanting information that shall be supplied later on.
At the tip of every physique paragraph, summarize your points and explain their relevance to the thesis assertion. Effective body paragraphs for an informative essay depend on the following factors. Informative essay is an effective way to present new data or educate the reader. And penning this essay is not as sophisticated as you assume.
After you’re carried out with the essay outline, proofread it by yourself or ask anyone to take a look at the construction of the paper. If you are disadvantaged of such risk, have a fresh have a glance at the paper in a couple of days to ensure you have included all vital items of data. Believe us, though, you will change your thoughts concerning the complexity of the informational essay define if you comply with the rules in this article. Remember that a prime stage view is the skeleton of your essay. By making it strong and foolproof, you defend your self from failure. Despite the truth that all essays have an analogous structure, every sort has its personal distinctive options and peculiarities.
It must be deliberate as step-by-step development and will not have an extreme quantity of extra data. Be straight about the topic and try to open up your thesis pretty much as good as you can. Here we give you an instance of the outline, however it isn’t that hard, it is simple to the other essay outlines. It just isn’t sufficient just to explain a particular matter in this assignment. A scholar should turn into an skilled within the chosen area in the process of essay writing. Research the subject, discover detailed and helpful info, and provide relevant examples to make the audience conscious of the given concern. | https://indu-res.com/tips-on-how-to-write-an-informative-essay-2/ |
As we close out 2019 and look toward 2020, Helium Shortage 3.0 continues to be the primary focal point for gas companies who trade helium or end-users who rely on helium in their businesses.
With Helium Shortage 3.0 dating back to February 2018, the helium supply deficit will be nearly two years old at the start of 2020. However, unlike the last two years, there is finally reason for optimism as we enter 2020.
Kornbluth Helium Consulting believes that the odds favour an easing of the shortage during 2020, as long as two significant new sources that are expected to commence production come to fruition. The expansion of Air Products’ Arzew, Algeria source, could add at least 200 MMCF per year of new capacity as early as Q1 2020, while production from the 425 MMCF per year Qatar 3 Helium Plant is expected to commence sometime in Q3. | https://www.gasworld.com/feature/helium-shortage-3-0-still-the-big-story-heading-into-2020/2088852.article/?red=1 |
Rural women are the driving force for the maintenance and development of these areas, both in cultural and economic terms, as they contribute to the preservation of traditions and the development of the countryside in the face of a constant process of depopulation.
In recent years, women engagement in traditional handmade products in rural areas is getting wider. Unfortunately, due to conditions such as unemployment, poverty, lack of basic services in the field of education and traditional stereotyped roles for women role, rural women are confronted with major challenges in the achievement of gender equality.
Although today, traditional handmade products are becoming more valuable in the eyes of the customer/tourists, most of the women who are interested in their production are not always aware of the real value of the products or how to make use of them in the commercial perspective. Only a small proportion of women find the opportunity to generate regular income through their talent.
W@W project consists in extending and developing the competences of long-term unemployed women without proper education, living in marginalized rural areas in order to assist them in the long run, to access the labor market and further exploit their hobbies. The project is grounded on EU 2020 Strategy with specific measures responds to learning needs of women living in rural areas which are considerable uncapped human potential that are sorely needed to boost economic growth and create new jobs required in todays difficult economic climate.
This will be done via following outcomes:
- Developing An Entrepreneurial Mindset Capacity Building Course
- W@W One-Stop Portal
- Success Stories Videos
- Self Test tool of Appropriateness as an Entrepreneur
The project has been funded by ERASMUS+ programme, Strategic Partnerships for Adult Education and will run from October 2019 to October 2021. | https://womenatwork-project.eu/about-2/ |
Questions tagged [alerts]
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I'm looking for a credit card with daily purchase notifications
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- International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.
- Published Date:
- May 1998
©1998 International Monetary Fund
World economic outlook (International Monetary Fund)
World economic outlook: a survey by the staff of the International
Monetary Fund.—1980 Washington, D.C.: The Fund, 1980-
v.; 28 cm.—(1981–84: Occasional paper/International Monetary Fund ISSN 0251-6365)
Annual.
Has occasional updates, 1984-
ISSN 0258-7440 = World economic and financial surveys
ISSN 0256-6877 = World economic outlook (Washington)
1. Economic history—1971-—Periodicals. I. International
Monetary Fund. II. Series: Occasional paper (International Monetary Fund)
HC10.W7979
84-640155
338.5’443’09048-dc19
AACR 2 MARC-S
Library of Congress 8507
Published biannually.
ISBN 9781557757401
The cover, charts, and interior of this publication were designed and produced by the IMF Graphics Section
Price: US$36.00
(US$25.00 to full-time faculty members and students at universities and colleges)
Please send orders to:
International Monetary Fund, Publication Services
700 19th Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20431, U.S.A.
Tel.: (202) 623-7430 Telefax: (202) 623-7201
E-mail:
Internet: http://www.imf.org
Contents
Chapter I. Global Economic Prospects and Policy Considerations
Chapter II. Global Repercussions of the Asian Crisis and Other Issues in the Current Conjuncture
Chapter III. The Business Cycle, International Linkages, and Exchange Rates
Chapter IV. Financial Crises: Characteristics and Indicators of Vulnerability
Chapter V. Progress with Fiscal Reform in Countries in Transition
Annexes
Boxes
Chapter
I
II
III
IV
V
Tables
Chapter
I
II
3. Advanced Economies: Real GDP, Consumer Prices, and Unemployment Rates
4. Major Industrial Countries: General Government Fiscal Balances and Debt
5. Selected Developing Countries: Real GDP and Consumer Prices
7. Recent Exchange Rate Movements on Bilateral and Multilateral Bases
8. Developing Countries, Countries in Transition, and Newly Industrialized Economies: Net Capital Flows
11. Selected Latin American Economies: Macroeconomic Indicators
III
IV
V
20. Selected Countries in Transition: Scenarios for Fiscal Sustainability
21. Selected Countries in Transition: Main Items in the General Government Revenue Structure, 1996
22. Selected Countries in Transition: Registered Unemployment
23. Selected Countries in Transition: Estimated Poverty Headcount and Poverty Deficit, in 1993–95
24. Selected Countries in Transition: Main Items in the General Government Expenditure Structure, 1996
25. Selected Countries in Transition: Life Expectancy at Birth
26. Selected Countries in Transition: Shares of Education and Health in Total Employment
Annex
II
Box
Figures
Chapter
I
II
5. Selected Asian Economies: Bilateral U.S. Dollar Exchange Rates and Equity Prices
7. Major Industrial Countries: Indices of Monetary Conditions
8. Selected European Union Countries and the United States: Indicators of Consumer and Business Confidence
16. Paths of Output Gaps in Cases of Financial Sector Shocks
17. Selected Latin American Countries: Short-Term Interest Rates and Exchange Rates
III
20. Major Industrial Countries: Unemployment, Inflation, and Output Gaps
22. Three Major Industrial Countries: Real Effective Exchange Rates and Selected Relative Cyclical Variables
23. Selected Major Industrial Countries: Temporary Dollar Appreciation Scenario
24. Three Major Industrial Countries: Variability in Effective Exchange Rates
IV
V
Annex
II
Assumptions and Conventions
A number of assumptions have been adopted for the projections presented in the World Economic Outlook. It has been assumed that real effective exchange rates will remain constant at their average levels during February 9–March 4, 1998 except for the bilateral rates among the European exchange rate mechanism (ERM) currencies, which are assumed to remain constant in nominal terms; that established policies of national authorities will be maintained (for specific assumptions about fiscal and monetary polices in industrial countries, see Box 4); that the average price of oil will be $14.59 a barrel in 1998 and $15.94 a barrel in 1999, and remain unchanged in real terms over the medium term; and that the six-month London interbank offered rate (LIBOR) on U.S. dollar deposits will average 6.1 percent in both 1998 and 1999. These are, of course, working hypotheses rather than forecasts, and the uncertainties surrounding them add to the margin of error that would in any event be involved in the projections. The estimates and projections are based on statistical information available at the end of March 1998.
The following conventions have been used throughout the World Economic Outlook:
… to indicate that data are not available or not applicable;
—to indicate that the figure is zero or negligible;
—between years or months (for example, 1997–98 or January–June) to indicate the years or months covered, including the beginning and ending years or months;
/ between years or months (for example, 1997/98) to indicate a fiscal or financial year.
“Billion” means a thousand million; “trillion” means a thousand billion.
“Basis points” refer to hundredths of 1 percentage point (for example, 25 basis points are equivalent to ¼ of 1 percentage point).
In figures and tables, shaded areas indicate IMF staff projections.
Minor discrepancies between sums of constituent figures and totals shown are due to rounding.
As used in this report, the term “country” does not in all cases refer to a territorial entity that is a state as understood by international law and practice. As used here, the term also covers some territorial entities that are not states but for which statistical data are maintained on a separate and independent basis.
* * *
Inquiries about the content of the World Economic Outlook, including questions relating to the World Economic Outlook database and requests for additional data, should be sent by mail, electronic mail, or telefax (telephone inquiries cannot be accepted) to:
World Economic Studies Division
Research Department
International Monetary Fund
700 19th Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20431, U.S.A.
E-mail:
[email protected]: (202) 623-6343
Preface
The projections and analysis contained in the World Economic Outlook are an integral element of the IMF’s ongoing surveillance of economic developments and policies in its member countries and of the global economic system. The IMF has published the World Economic Outlook annually from 1980 through 1983 and biannually since 1984.
The survey of prospects and policies is the product of a comprehensive interdepartmental review of world economic developments, which draws primarily on information the IMF staff gathers through its consultations with member countries. These consultations are carried out in particular by the IMF’s area departments together with the Policy Development and Review Department and the Fiscal Affairs Department.
The country projections are prepared by the IMF’s area departments on the basis of internationally consistent assumptions about world activity, exchange rates, and conditions in international financial and commodity markets. For approximately 50 of the largest economies—accounting for 90 percent of world output—the projections are updated for each World Economic Outlook exercise. For smaller countries, the projections are based on those prepared at the time of the IMF’s regular Article IV consultations with those countries or in connection with the use of IMF resources; for these countries, the projections used in the World Economic Outlook are incrementally adjusted to reflect changes in assumptions and global economic conditions.
The analysis in the World Economic Outlook draws extensively on the ongoing work of the IMF’s area and specialized departments, and is coordinated in the Research Department under the general direction of Michael Mussa, Economic Counsellor and Director of Research. The World Economic Outlook project is directed by Flemming Larsen, Deputy Director of the Research Department, together with Graham Hacche, Assistant Director for the World Economic Studies Division.
Primary contributors to the current issue include Francesco Caramazza, John H. Green, Staffan Gorne, Mark De Broeck, Paula De Masi, Jahangir Aziz, Ramana Ramaswamy, Ranil Salgado, Phillip Swagel, and Cathy Wright. Other contributors include Susan J. Adams, Barry Eichengreen, Peter Isard, George Kopits, Thomas Krueger, Douglas Laxton, Donogh McDonald, Guy Meredith, Gian Maria Milesi-Ferretti, Ceyla Pazarbasioglu, Blair Rourke, and Andrew Tweedie. The Fiscal Analysis Division of the Fiscal Affairs Department computed the structural budget and fiscal impulse measures. Sungcha Hong Cha, Jeffrey Gable, Gretchen Gallik, Mandy Hemmati, and Anthony G. Turner provided research assistance. Allen Cobler, Nicholas Dopuch, Isabella Dymarskaia, Yasoma Liyanarachchi, and Olga Plagie processed the data and managed the computer systems. Susan Duff, Caroline Bagworth, Margaret Dapaah, and Lisa Marie Scott-Hill were responsible for word processing. James McEuen of the External Relations Department edited the manuscript and coordinated production of the publication.
The analysis has benefited from comments and suggestions by staff from other IMF departments, as well as by Executive Directors following their discussion of the World Economic Outlook on March 25 and 27, 1998. However, both projections and policy considerations are those of the IMF staff and should not be attributed to Executive Directors or to their national authorities. | https://www.elibrary.imf.org/view/IMF081/07988-9781557757401/07988-9781557757401/front.xml |
Top Reasons Why Seniors May Feel Hungry All the Time
The process of eating food in the human body is the most difficult. A special nutritional center in the brain located in the hypothalamus is responsible for controlling hunger. The main task of this center is to give a signal to brain receptors that it is time to restore blood sugar levels. When this process if affected for some reason or another, you may feel hungry at inappropriate times during the day. After the food enters the body and glucose levels return to normal, a feeling of fullness appears. This occurs in about 15-20 minutes when the absorption of food occurs. It is considered the norm when there is a feeling of hunger no sooner than 3-4 hours after eating. This is the optimal period of time during which food is digested in the stomach and nutrients are absorbed into the blood.
If the food contains only fast carbohydrates (for example, rice, confectionery, potatoes, etc.), almost immediately there is a feeling of satiety. But it also passes quickly, so hunger appears again. Slow carbohydrates and proteins give a feeling of fullness for a longer period of time, and hunger comes much later. The reasons for the constant feeling of hunger: Lack of fluid in the body: One of the main causes of false hunger is severe dehydration. During the day, you need to drink enough liquid to help get rid of the unpleasant feeling of hunger.
Malnutrition or strict diet: Long-term adherence to a variety of diets, and lack of calories in the body are the main reasons for the accumulation of fat deposit in the body, as a result, this not only leads to increased weight but also your appetite increases significantly, making you want to eat more and more. Intense mental and physical activity. With increased mental work or physical exertion, the brain needs more glucose. During this period, there is a strong desire to eat something sweet, as well as satisfy hunger. You can see it as your body’s mechanism to replenish lost calorie and nutrients.
Psychological factors:
Stress is one of the biggest reasons for the constant feeling of hunger in people of all age groups. Very often, you may have a strong and almost incessant feeling of hunger, provoked by the following factors:During stress, a person may consume various sweets and high-calorie foods in large quantities.Lack of adequate rest and lack of sleep can lead to a strong and almost uncontrollable desire to eat. Disruption of sleep has a negative effect on the production of the hormone leptin, the main function of which is to control your appetite. People who are constantly at home and have lots of free time might feel the urge to open the refrigerator and check if something tasty is lying around there. The best way to distract yourself from this urge is to go for a walk or meet your friends.About Supplemental Health Coverage: Senior citizens who’re 65 & over must utilize Humana Medicare Advantage Plans 2020 offered by private insurers to cover coinsurance. | http://www.exploseblogs.com/top-reasons-why-seniors-may-feel-hungry-all-the-time/ |
Director of Research sought for one of the Top 100 Investment Advisors (RIA) in the nation as ranked by Barron's and the Wall Street Journal.
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Pacific Portfolio seeks a highly experienced investment research analyst to work closely with CEO, CIO, internal Investment Committee, and Equity P... | https://careers.cfainstitute.org/en-gb/jobs/private-wealth-management-firm-/cfa-charterholder/bachelors/north-america/corporate/ |
If it’s not clear by now, I love games, toys, and the iPad. I have found a wide range of uses for including my iPad in teaching. That being said, a very small portion of any session I have with a student is conducted on the iPad. And in some cases, I don’t use it at all.
I am concerned about the use of the iPad (and other “smart” devices) for very young children, especially those three and under. From the time a baby is born, it is very busy learning all about it’s environment, exploring every object it encounters by looking at it, feeling it, (and my personal favorite) tasting it. These are all things that cannot be done on an iPad. So I get especially frustrated when I see apps developed with this age group in mind and promises to improve hand-eye coordination, attention span, or logical thinking skills. These claims absolutely cannot be backed up!
The use of technology can expand the potential for student learning in so many ways, but the companies that produce apps and and the educators that use them should be methodical about their implementation and honest about their true potential in teaching students.
Over the course of the next few weeks, I will be exploring this issue more, including research about how children develop from birth to age three. In the meantime, if you really want to improve your little one’s hand-eye coordination, attention span, and logical thinking skills, just put them on a blanket surrounded by lots of different objects such as: a ball, blocks, a jack-in-the-box, a bowl with a couple pieces of finely chopped strawberries, a xylophone with a mallet, and other objects for them to look at, feel, and taste. | http://samblanco.com/2013/06/21/a-note-on-apps-in-education/ |
Global Citizenship Education project
The project is to promote Global Citizenship Education (GCED) at home and abroad.
GCED aims to nurture responsible citizens and help them understand and practice universal values of humanity. GCED has recently attracted growing attention as a solution to address extreme violence, racism, climate change, and refugee issues. It carries out the following activities: research on and development of GCED courses, operation of training workshops and seminars, production and distribution of educational materials, organization of international conferences, hosting panel discussions and dialogue sessions to seek cooperation for educational development. It develops curriculums specific to the educational environment of developing countries and operates workshop for educators, public officials and young leaders of developing countries.
This project will establish a platform for international cooperation, strengthen international partnership and administer GCED in developing countries by developing curriculum and providing training programs for the educators from the countries. It spreads GCED across the world and creates an atmosphere in which cultural diversity is valued. | https://en.unesco.org/creativity/policy-monitoring-platform/global-citizenship-education |
The Parish School and The Carruth Center name the therapist, teacher and paraeducator of year for 2016-17.
May 10, 2017
Art installation captures essence of Parish community
A new collaborative art piece has added a stunning pop of color to the walls of The Parish School’s administrative building. Made entirely of donated and recycled materials, elementary students and staff each created a ring that when placed together, represents the individuals that make up the school as a whole.
May 2, 2017
Ceremonial groundbreaking for outdoor classroom to be held May 22
Over the past year, the Margaret Noecker Nature Center council has worked hard to raise funds to bring The Parish School its first certified outdoor classroom. Named “Little Acorn Park,” funding has been secured for this project through individual and foundation gifts, and is ready for construction to begin this summer. A ceremonial groundbreaking will be held Monday, May 22 at 9:30 a.m. at The Parish School. | http://www.parishschool.org/blog-media/?label=Press+Release |
# Till the Sun Turns Black
Till the Sun Turns Black is singer-songwriter Ray LaMontagne's second full-length release, which was released on August 29, 2006. The album was produced by Ethan Johns and recorded at Allaire Studios in Shokan, New York. The album was a commercial success, becoming a top 40 album, selling 28,000 copies in its first week of release. The album was released in the UK on June 18, 2007, where it peaked at No. 35 on the UK Albums Chart.
## Track listing
All songs written by Ray LaMontagne.
"Be Here Now" – 6:23 "Empty" – 5:17 "Barfly" – 3:55 "Three More Days" – 3:36 "Can I Stay" – 3:41 "You Can Bring Me Flowers" – 4:12 "Gone Away from Me" – 4:27 "Lesson Learned" – 4:39 "Truly, Madly, Deeply" – 1:52 "Till The Sun Turns Black" – 4:28 "Within You" – 5:43
## Singles
"Can I Stay" (promo only) (August 29, 2006) "Be Here Now" (June 18, 2007) "Three More Days" (August 20, 2007)
"Be Here Now" was the first British single from the album. It was released on limited edition 7" vinyl (limited to 500 copies only) on June 18, 2007 to coincide with the release of the album there. The B-side is a previously unreleased live version of "Be Here Now." It is also featured in the trailer for the 2006 motion picture Away from Her and in season 1 finale of Covert Affairs.
## Personnel
Ray LaMontagne – vocals, acoustic guitar, electric guitar (6), Spanish guitar (8, 9), Rhodes piano (9) Ethan Johns – drums (3, 4, 6, 11), percussion (2, 10), bass guitar (2, 3, 4, 6, 11), electric guitar (3, 4), ukulele (7, 11), dobro (6), acoustic bass (7), B3 (3), programming (6), piano/synthesizer (1), acoustic guitar/reed organ/harmony vocal (11) John Medeski – Wurlitzer electric piano on "Three More Days" Rachael Yamagata – background vocals on "Barfly" Antoine Silverman – violin Lorenza Ponce – violin Chris Cardona – violin David Gold – violin, viola Jane Scarpantoni – cello Dave Eggar – cello Brad Jones – bowed bass (1, 10, 11) Peck Allmond – trumpet (4, 6), euphonium/mellophone (7, 11), flute (6) Michael Blake – tenor saxophone (4, 6) Jack Schatz – euphonium (10) Vincent Chancey – French horn (10) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%27Till_The_Sun_Turns_Black |
West Virginia, “Right to Farm” Is Really Right to Harm!
Update—April 17, 2019: Bad news, advocates. Gov. Jim Justice has signed S.B. 393 into law. We want to thank everyone who spoke out on this important issue and we hope you will stand besides us as we work to defeat legislation in the future that harms West Virginia's people and animals.
Legislation that includes harmful language that protects the interests of “Big Ag” over the rights of your state's people and animals has passed both the state House and Senate.
As awareness of the devastating environmental impact of industrial farming grows, communities concerned about their health and wellbeing have taken action to combat these effects. Rather than reform their destructive practices, corporate agribusiness is responding by pushing "Right to Farm" laws.
These laws can prohibit local governments from enacting tougher agricultural standards and restrict the ability of citizens dispute changes to agricultural operations—even if an operation has expanded significantly or is employing practices that have serious impacts on air, water and overall quality of life for nearby communities.
If H.B. 2774/S.B. 393 is signed into law, factory farms would be able to expand even further without ever having to consider the impacts these changes would have on the communities around them. The proposed law even prevents residents from recouping damages caused by industrial farms.
The state should not allow factory farms to expand with total disregard for the wellbeing and health of local communities. Your voice of opposition will be crucial in stopping this bill from moving forward. | https://secure.aspca.org/action/wv-rtf |
Calibre 861 is a manual winding chronograph movement from Omega produced since 1968.
Lemania created a family of cam switching chronograph movements in the 1960s just as chronograph watches were becoming more popular in the mass market. The Lemania Calibre 1873 was part of a family of similar 12 ligne movements, running at 21,600 A/h and lacking modern features like hacking seconds or automatic winding. In 1968, Omega selected the Lemania 1873 as the basis for their Cal. 861, used in the Omega Speedmaster Professional line of watches. These feature a 30 minute chronograph counter at 3 00, a 12 hour counter at 6 00, and small seconds at 9 00.
The Omega 861 (and similar Cal. 863) differ from the Lemania base mainly in decoration. They used 17 jewels through 1992 before being reissued and updated with 18 jewels in 1993. Cal. 1861 and 1863 are rhodium plated. Cal. 863 and 1863 differ in decoration as well They feature more elaborate finishing for use in watches with display casebacks.
Description:
Functions:
Data:
Production period: | https://www.watch-wiki.net/doku.php?id=omega_861 |
British health minister Matt Hancock said on Thursday people should not attend large demonstrations for public health reasons after protests in support of the Black Lives Matter movement attracted tens of thousands over the last week.
"I understand that people want to show their passion for a cause that they care deeply about but this is a virus that thrives on social contact, regardless of what your cause may be," he said at a daily news conference.
© 2010 Ahram Online. | http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/2/9/371978/World/International/British-health-minister-urges-protesters-not-to-at.aspx |
Comparisons are important in personal finance. Today, we’re going to compare net worth targets by age. How much money should you have at each age? How should your nest egg grow?
Digest the 25th, 50th (i.e. average net worth), and 75th percentile data below. In particular, focus on how bleak some of the real savings data looks, and how large swaths of the population fall into these less-than-ideal buckets.
Apologies to my international readers–most of this data is pulled from or targeted towards U.S. readers. I suggest you use Numbeo to scale these values to your locality.
The good stuff
Who am I kidding? You didn’t come here to scroll to the end of the article to see the net worth targets. You want the benchmarks now!
So here are various opinions (which are then explained) of net worth targets by age. This initial plot is the 50th percentile, or median, net worth.
Where are these values coming from?
First, I pulled from Fidelity. I invest with Fidelity, and they constantly remind me of their recommended gates for net worth by age. Their recommendations are all relative to salary (e.g. “3x your salary by age 40), so I used the median American salary by age to come up with final numbers.
Note: Fidelity defines net worth as retirement savings only, and do not count other assets (e.g. your primary home’s value). The other methods below do include other assets beyond your retirement savings.
Next, I pulled data from the phenomenal site DQYDJ. DQYDJ originally pulled of their data from the Federal Reserve Survey of Consumer Finances (which I label “The Fed” on the plot). DQYDJ plots the Fed’s data in some easy-to-consume formats, which is why I frequent their site.
This Fed data is from 2016–the next set of data will come out later this year. So keep in mind: the stock market is up about 50% since 2016. But for someone who might not have access to the market–or lots of money in the market–that 50% increase might not make a large difference in their net worth.
Keep in mind! This DQYDJ/Fed data is real data, not some hypothetical or subjective goal. In my charts today, you’ll see three sets of “subjective targets” and only one set of “here’s what people have actually saved.”
Next, the financial aggregation site The Balance follows a similar formula to Fidelity. At particular ages, they say, you should aim for an ever-growing multiple of your salary.
The Financial Samurai, a.k.a. Sam, is a long-time financial blogger with a no-nonsense attitude about saving money. Sam’s lofty targets are for, he says, people who:
- Take action rather than complain about an unfair system
- Max out their 401k and IRA every year
- Save an additional 20% or more after taxes and 401k/IRA contribution
- Take calculated risks through investments in various asset classes
- Build multiple streams of active and passive income
- Work on a side hustle before or after their day job
- Focus on the big picture and don’t nitpick with minutiae
- Want to achieve financial freedom sooner with their one and only life
So, Sam’s targets are going to be far above average.
And finally, I took my own stab at some net worth targets by age. I did this based on deciles of American salaries, typical milestones in the average American’s life (various debts, children, growing salaries) and the savings rates that might rise and fall as a result of those life events.
- A young couple might be able to save some money–but then having children will put a dent in their savings rates.
- As the couple’s salaries rise, savings will increase. But if and when they help their children with college, their savings rates might take another dip.
- While young, one’s investments might be higher risk (and higher reward). But as you age, your portfolio is likely to trend towards safer investments.
- Etc etc.
Inflation Multiplier
I also took inflation into account. The average 30-year old today might be making $40,000 per year. But the average 60-year old today was making $25000 per year back in 1990–when they were 30. What are the consequences? While the average 60-year old today might hope to have $800K (Best Interest opinion), that’s not what a current 30-year old should treat as their target or goal. If we assume 2.5% annual inflation for the next 30 years (leading to a 2.09x total inflation increase), then a 30-year old today should target $800K * 2.10 = $1.68 million by the time they are 60.
Here are some approximate inflation multipliers based on the number of years you want to project into the future. For example, a 40-year old might want to project 20 years into the future if they want to see what their net worth target for age 60 should be.
Analysis of the median goals
Let’s take another look at those median net worth targets, just for reference. What conclusions can we draw?
Of course, this is just my opinion. But the non-Best Interest target numbers seem low to me. This is probably an obvious conclusion; my method comes up with higher numbers, so I’m clearly going to be biased into thinking the other goals are low. But why do I think so?
Let’s start by analyzing this data through the lens of the “4% Rule,” which states that you should take your annual spending and save ~25x that much for retirement.
The Best Interest target ($850K) allows for a retirement income of roughly $34000 ($850K/25) per year, or $2800 per month. Financial Samurai’s targets lead to $40000 per year, or $3300 per month. When you add in Social Security benefits, that’s a very reasonable allowance for the average American.
The other methods suggest median net worths of $500000, $300000, and $220000, for a monthly allowance of $1660, $1000, and $730, respectively. With the assistance of Social Security, it’s certainly possible to live off these amounts. But there’s more risk involved.
The average Social Security benefit in 2020 is estimated to be about $1500 per month. Let’s add that to the allowances from the previous paragraph. Would you feel comfortable living off of $3160, $2500, or $2230 per month? Depending on your area of the country, cost of living, medical expenses, retirement goals, etc., it’s a potentially scary question.
What happens if something goes wrong with your plans? Going back to work at age 80 is not an enticing prospect. Neither is asking your children for a handout. Are these hyperbolic outcomes? Maybe. But I know they are also sadly possible.
How to compare? Apples to apples?
Does it make sense to set the same goals for both a teacher and a doctor? We know that their net worths will likely be starkly different.
The average American doctor’s salary in 2019 was north of $300,000. Meanwhile, the average teacher’s salary was $60,000. Of course, there are millions of people and jobs and salaries that will fall within and without this range. Does it make sense to compare net worth targets when incomes are so different?
In my opinion, yes it does make sense to do this comparison. But it’s only one data point that you should use–not an end-all-be-all. It’s just like a young track athlete comparing their race times to record holders. Of course they’ll be slower than the record holders. But it gives them a target, an understanding of the gap, a percentage difference to record for later purposes.
Besides, the comparisons I presented above are median net worth calculations. They account for the highs and the lows, and they let you know where the middle of that scale lands. Some people are building net worth. Others benefit from large generational wealth transfer. This average net worth analysis accounts for it all.
If you’re making a lower salary but you love to be frugal, then set your targets high! Aim for a net worth that’s a decile or two above your salary decile.
If you’re fresh out of law school, you’ll probably be in a mountain of debt. You might be low on the scale now, but your long-term financial prospects are pretty good. Keep circumstances like that in mind as you review today’s charts. This is where, age, work experience, education level, etc can all play important roles.
Location and Cost of Living
We’ve covered how inflation and income can affect your interpretations of these results. But we should also discuss how your cost of living can affect these results. Simply put, life in San Francisco or New York City simply costs more than life in Rochester, NY, which costs more than life in rural Kansas. Rent, gas, groceries–all these commodities have different prices around the country.
I’ve used the crowd-sourced site Numbeo to do some of these comparisons. For example, here are some results comparing Rochester to Boston–where Numbeo tells me I’d need about 50% more spending for the same standard of living.
Numbeo uses New York City as a baseline, giving it a “Cost of Living plus Rent Index” score of 100. The United States as a whole has an index score 56, suggesting that the average American has a cost of living that’s about 44% less than the average NYC resident.
I highly recommend looking up your city or region to compare it to the United States index score of 56. The percentage difference will give you another way to interpret the net worth results. For example, Philadelphia has an index of 62, which is 10% higher than 56. If a Philly resident is using today’s data for retirement planning, they should consider adding 10% to all of the data points.
25th Percentile and 75th Percentile Net Worth Targets by Age
One interesting aspect of the 75th percentile net worth targets is that the Fidelity recommendation lines up well with the Fed data. In other words: people who earn more also save a larger proportion of their income, and people who save more are more likely to meet Fidelity’s thresholds. That’s real data lining up with Fidelity’s subjective targets.
If we go back to the 50th percentile chart, we notice that the Fed data lags behind both Fidelity’s targets and the Balance’s targets. In other words: average real-world saving does not meet the average expectations of Fidelity and the Balance. It takes above-average earning and saving to meet the Fidelity and Balance targets.
That’s not ideal, but it’s reality. In general, systems that require above-average effort in order to obtain ubiquitous goals (e.g. to meet suggested net worth thresholds for retirement) are bad systems. A good system would only require basic efforts, or average efforts. But accepting this unfortunate reality is something I hope you’ll consider.
And to make matters worse, check out the 25th percentile chart below.
Here, three of the subjective net worth targets are all in family. Fidelity and my Best Interest targets line up very closely to each other, with the Balance falling 20-30% lower. But how does the real net worth data compare? At retirement age, it’s about 1/4 to 1/6 of where it “should” be.
It’d be nice to reach Financial Samurai’s targets, but–clearly–many people simply do not have the means to maximize their savings accounts to the extent he recommends.
Let’s put a face to this data. It’s 25th percentile, meaning that one out of four people in the U.S. falls on or below this graph. Dunbar’s Number suggests that the average human can comfortably maintain 150 meaningful relationships–which would suggest that you (yes, you) closely know ~40 people (on average) on or below the 25th percentile plot.
Real people, real lives, real worry. For a 60-year old, to retire on $50K (or less) is likely impossible to do. On DQYDJ, I looked at the 25th percentile net worth for 70 year olds–it’s $56,000. So there isn’t some terrific growth that’s occurring after my chart ends. It’s meager all the way.
That’s a sobering fact.
**What counts as net worth? And what doesn’t?
Here’s some real quick housekeeping. What actually counts towards one’s net worth? It’s basically assets minus liabilities.
In general, the sources I used count the following as contributors to net worth (fairly liquid net worth contributors).
- Bank accounts
- Retirement accounts (401k, IRAs, etc)
- Investments (stocks, bonds, REITs, etc)
- Other saving vehicles (e.g. Health Savings Accounts)
- Equity in real estate (e.g. your home value)
- Common debts–mortgage debt, credit card debt, student loan debt, etc.
Note: Fidelity’s targets were based solely on retirement account funds.
And what doesn’t count towards net worth?
- The future value of a pension or Social Security
- The value of common assets (e.g. a car, a computer)
- Illiquid or non-transferrable assets (e.g. airline miles)
And what is a maybe? These are assets that are fairly subjective and up to you.
- Collectibles, jewelry, art–how liquid are they? And are you sure you’d want to sell them?
- Business ownership–again, how liquid is it?
- Accrued annual vacation days or PTO, if transferable to cash at future date
- Future inheritance–if you’re sure you know what you can count on
Retiring for today
We’re at the 95th percentile for this article. I hope any comparisons today did not steal your joy, but instead opened your eyes to the wide gradient of net worth targets by age in the U.S.
Net worth targets by age are not an extrinsic competition. They’re intrinsic: will I be able to set up my loved ones and myself for fulfillment today, tomorrow, and for the rest of our lives? At least that’s how I think of it.
Looking at percentile data simply helps gauge whether you’re on track, making progress, or need to change behavior. So I think it’s important to realize–ideally at a younger age–that many people in this country are struggling against themselves in their intrinsic race. I hope today’s post might help you avoid that struggle.
When someone wonders, “What’s the point of spending money and inordinate amounts of time to write a blog?”–one of my answers is to spread information like this.
I hope you enjoyed today’s Best Interest; thank you for reading. | https://bestinterest.blog/net-worth-targets-by-age/ |
As part of our "beginner's guides" to fishing section, UK Fisherman are delighted to bring you a series of fishing videos courtesy of ShakespeareFishingTV, designed to help anglers new to the sport with a range of angling techniques and tactics.
This basic introduction to Coarse Fishing video is aimed at the novice angler and explains the different types of coarse fishing rods available and how to choose the correct coarse fishing rod for different situations. Selecting the right rod can be a bewildering experience with so many different rods available on the market today. So where to begin?
Watch and learn from the experts at Shakespeare Fishing. | https://www.ukfisherman.com/component/k2/item/1697-choosing-the-correct-coarse-fishing-rod-beginners-guide-s-to-coarse-fishing.html |
Methodologies, systems, and computer-readable media are provided for generating a dynamic 3D communication map. Data is collected from a number of autonomous drones as they navigate through a particular area. The autonomous drones can collect environmental data, location data, signal strength data, signal usability data, etc. and transmit that data back to a computing system. The computing system analyzes the data received from the autonomous drones and generates a dynamic 3D communication map that indicates the signal strength and/or the signal usability of various wireless communication signals as a function of time and other variables.
a communication route update module configured to execute the communication route update rules and generate an updated communication route in response to dynamic changes in signal strength and the location data associated with one or more of the first subset of autonomous drones, wherein the updated communication route relays the message packet through a second subset of autonomous drones in order to reach the destination location.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of autonomous drones includes an ambient condition sensor configured to monitor ambient conditions and generate ambient condition data, and wherein the communication route update module is further configured to generate the updated communication route based on the ambient condition data.
3. The system of claim 2, wherein the ambient condition data includes at least one of temperature data, humidity data, seasonal data, vegetation growth data, or population density data.
4. The system of claim 1, wherein the communication route generation module generates the initial communication route based on signal strength or battery life associated with each of the first subset of autonomous drones.
5. The system of claim 1, wherein the communication route generation module generates the initial communication route based on a communication signal configuration.
6. The system of claim 1, wherein the communication route update rules prompt the communication route update module to update the initial communication route in response to a change in signal strength between the first subset of autonomous drones, a change in battery life for one or more of the first subset of autonomous drones, a change in location for one or more of the first subset of autonomous drones, or an unsuccessful authentication between two or more of the first subset of autonomous drones.
7. The system of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of autonomous drones further comprises an authentication module configured to authenticate an identity of a subsequent autonomous drone in the initial communication route or the updated communication route before relaying the message packet to the subsequent autonomous drone.
authenticate the subsequent autonomous drone using a first blockchain key and a second blockchain key configured to facilitate confirming the identity of the subsequent autonomous drone.
generating an updated communication route in response to dynamic changes in signal strength and the location data associated with one or more of the first subset of autonomous drones, wherein the updated communication route relays the message packet through a second subset of autonomous drones in order to reach the destination location.
monitoring ambient conditions and generating ambient condition data using an ambient condition sensor associated with each of the plurality of autonomous drones; and generating the updated communication route based on the ambient condition data.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein the ambient condition data includes at least one of temperature data, humidity data, seasonal data, vegetation growth data, or population density data.
12. The method of claim 9, wherein the initial communication route is generated based on signal strength or battery life associated with each of the first subset of autonomous drones.
13. The method of claim 9, wherein the communication route update rules prompt the communication route update module to update the initial communication route in response to a change in signal strength between the first subset of autonomous drones, a change in battery life for one or more of the first subset of autonomous drones, a change in location for one or more of the first subset of autonomous drones, or an unsuccessful authentication between two or more of the first subset of autonomous drones.
14. The method of claim 9, further comprising authenticating an identity of a subsequent autonomous drone in the initial communication route or the updated communication route before relaying the message packet to the subsequent autonomous drone.
15. The method of claim 14, wherein authenticating an identity of a subsequent autonomous drone includes using a first blockchain key and a second blockchain key configured to facilitate confirming the identity of the subsequent autonomous drone.
generate the updated communication route based on the ambient condition data.
18. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 17, wherein the ambient condition data includes at least one of temperature data, humidity data, seasonal data, vegetation growth data, or population density data.
19. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 16, wherein the initial communication route is generated based on signal strength or battery life associated with each of the first subset of autonomous drones.
communication route or the updated communication route before relaying the message packet to the subsequent autonomous drone.
This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/541,144 filed on August 4, 2017, the content which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
FIG. 1 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary method for monitoring packages with affixed sensors, according to an exemplary embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating another exemplary method for communicating with a mobile device using a master sensor, according to an exemplary embodiment.
FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary method for processing data used in dynamically generating a 3D communication map, according to an exemplary embodiment.
FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary method for generating and updating navigation routes, according to an exemplary embodiment.
FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary method for generating navigation routes and communication recommendations, according to an exemplary embodiment.
FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary method for relaying communications using autonomous drones, according to an exemplary embodiment.
FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary method for generating communication routes for autonomous drones, according to an exemplary embodiment.
FIG. 8 is a chart of an example communication route, according to an exemplary embodiment.
FIG. 9 is a diagram of an exemplary network environment suitable for a distributed implementation of an exemplary embodiment.
FIG. 10 is a block diagram of an exemplary computing device that can be used to perform exemplary processes in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.
communication routes based on the dynamic 3D communication map.
In exemplary embodiments, a dynamic 3D communication map can be generated by collecting data from a number of autonomous drones as they navigate through a particular area. The autonomous drones can collect environmental data, location data, signal strength data, signal usability data, etc. and transmit that data back to a computing system. In some embodiments, that data can be received at the computing system and analyzed in real-time and used to generate a dynamic 3D communication map that can indicate the signal strength and the signal usability of various wireless communication signal types as a function of time, season, weather patterns, etc. In some embodiments, vector analysis can be used to identify obstacles that may obstruct wireless signals and generate acceptable regions or pathways within the dynamic 3D communication map where ideal signal strength and/or usability can be found. For example, the 3D communication map can be a vector map that takes into account signal attenuation due to ambient conditions, structural features, traffic patterns, population density, etc. In some embodiments, the positioning of an autonomous drone, the positioning of obstacles or objects detected by the drone's sensors, and/or the attenuation or signal strength of a signal can be determined based on the proximity to a data communication tower. In some embodiments, the autonomous drone can identify a communication tower, identify the tower's known location, and compare the location against the strength of the signal received from the communication tower in order to determine signal strength and/or the location of the drone.
autonomous drones can communicate with a central computing system or the time available to relay communications between different autonomous drones.
In some embodiments, the altitude of an autonomous drone can be determined using an altimeter, such as a laser, or a barometer. The speed or velocity of an autonomous drone can be determined using an accelero meter, and the orientation of an autonomous drone can be determined using a gyroscope or an accelerometer. In some embodiments, the positioning of an autonomous drone can be determined using a magnetometer, compass, or GPS technology.
In one embodiment, a system relays communications using autonomous drones.
According to some embodiments, a computing system can generate an initial communication route in order to relay a message packet from an initial location to a destination location using a subset of autonomous drones. In one embodiment, each drone, starting from the initial location, will relay the message packet to a predetermined subsequent drone until the message packet has arrived at the destination location. The message packet can include various communication route update rules for dynamically updating the communication route. For example, an updated communication route may be needed when there are changes in signal strength between autonomous drones or when one drone in the relay chain is missing or loses power. In such instances, the update rules can generate an updated communication route in order to relay the communication along to the destination location using a different subset of drones. In some embodiments, one or more of the autonomous drones can communicate with a database or central server in order to determine which drones are available to receive and relay the message packet, or the drones can communicate among each other in order to determine an updated communication route. If sufficient drone density exists between the initial location and the destination location, a different set of drones can be used for outbound and inbound messages. In some embodiments, authentication between each autonomous drone can be accomplished using blockchain and public/private key exchanges. For example, the system can use a set of tokens that can accompany the messages. A token can be received by an intermediate node or drone and direct the drone actions. The token can contain a set of parameters which can tell the drone when to forward the message, what to do if the next target does not acknowledge receipt, etc. In the event that a drone is out of communication, the system can cache and forward messages when a more reliable communication path is available.
In additional exemplary embodiments, vehicle routes can be generated based on the dynamic 3D communication map disclosed herein. In some embodiments, data related to the signal strength and/or the signal usability of various wireless communication signal types can be gathered from the dynamic 3D communication map, or a database associated with the dynamic 3D communication map. A low signal strength zone or a low signal usability zone can be identified using the dynamic 3D communication map, and an initial navigation route can be generated in order to guide the autonomous drone to avoid such zones or minimize the amount of time spent in the zones. The initial navigation route can be transmitted to the autonomous drone, and the autonomous drone can begin traveling along that route. Updated wireless signal strength data or wireless signal usability data can be received while the drone is in transit, and an updated navigation route can be generated in order to avoid a new low signal strength or low signal usability zone. This updated navigation route can then be transmitted to the autonomous drone, thus redirecting the drone in real-time based on dynamic changes in signal strength and/or signal quality.
communication signals received from a cell tower or other signal source.
continuously or at predefined intervals. In some embodiments, when the autonomous drones travel into an area of limited or no signal coverage, the autonomous drones can store the location data, altitude data, ambient condition data, and communication signal strength data generated in steps 101 through 105 for later transmission once the autonomous drones reenter an area where there is sufficient wireless signal coverage. In exemplary embodiments, the computing system can also receive wireless communication signal type data from the autonomous drones that can indicate whether a particular wireless communication signal type, such as a cellular signal or WiFi, is associated with a particular low signal strength zone. This information can be used to determine which particular type of wireless signal will provide the best signal strength coverage for that zone, in some embodiments.
In step 109, the computing system stores the location data, altitude data, ambient condition data, and communication signal strength data at a database. In some embodiments, the computing system can update existing values within the database to reflect new data received from the autonomous drones in order to maintain a dynamic and current database.
In step 111, the computing system generates a dynamic 3D communication map using a 3D map generation module that includes one or more computer-executable processes. The dynamic 3D communication map indicates the signal strength for each of the one or more wireless communication signal types as a function of the location data, altitude data, and ambient condition data received from the autonomous drones. In some embodiments, the dynamic 3D communication map can indicate changes in signal strength that occur as a result of weather patterns, seasonal changes, temporary signal outages, or other real-time changes in signal strength that are detected by the sensors of the autonomous drones. In exemplary embodiments, the 3D communication map can be dynamic in that the computing system can continuously receive real-time data from the autonomous drones and dynamically update the 3D communication map in response to the newly received data.
In some embodiments, the 3D communication maps disclosed herein can be displayed using, for example, an electronic device 903 as described in more detail below in reference to FIG. 9, a virtual reality headset, a projector, a display screen, or any other suitable display device.
communication sensor can be a sensor configured to measure signal quality, signal bandwidth, signal noise, etc. In exemplary embodiments, wireless communication usability can be distinguished from wireless communication signal strength. For example, a wireless signal with relatively high signal strength may have low usability due to low bandwidth or increased user traffic. Therefore, it may be beneficial to know the usability of a wireless communication signal, in addition to the strength of that signal, in order to know whether one of the autonomous drones will be able to send and receive communications. Similar to how the autonomous drones discussed above in reference to FIG. 1 detect and communicate the signal strength of wireless communication signals, the autonomous drones can also detect and transmit the usability of those wireless communication signals. In some embodiments, the autonomous drones can monitor Urchin Tracking Module (UTM) parameters, which can track wireless communication traffic, associated with vehicles and other autonomous drones within their vicinity. The autonomous drones can also, in some embodiments, use optical images to identify vehicles or other autonomous drones in particular areas and determine whether signal congestion is likely to occur.
communication usability map, various high interference or high utilization areas can be determined within the area covered by the 3D map. In some embodiments, the dynamic 3D communication usability map can identify high interference or high utilization areas by comparing traffic patterns and/or expected changes in population density at different times and locations. Knowing the communication signal usability of different areas can be helpful for navigating and setting routes for vehicles or autonomous drones so that they do not lose communication capabilities.
In step 207, a predicted signal strength is generated using a signal prediction module that includes one or more computer-executable processes. In exemplary embodiments, the predicted signal strength uses expected ambient conditions at a particular location, altitude, and time in order to programmatically compute the predicted signal strength at the particular location, altitude, and time. For example, the 3D communication map can determine that signal strength for a particular wireless signal type decreases depending on particular ambient conditions, such as snow or thunderstorms. In such an example, the signal prediction module can predict that a similar decrease in signal strength may occur during a thunderstorm that is expected to pass through the area covered by the 3D communication map. Similarly, in some embodiments, the signal prediction module can generate a predicted signal usability value based on expected ambient conditions at a particular location, altitude, and time. For example, the 3D communication map can determine that the usability of a particular wireless signal typically decreases under predetermined ambient conditions such as known traffic patterns, sporting events, etc. In such an example, the signal prediction module can predict that a particular decrease in signal usability may occur during a sporting event that is scheduled within the area covered by the 3D communication map.
communication signal type recommendation can indicate which wireless communication signal type may have strong usability at a particular time and place.
embodiments, optical sensors can be used to identify weather patterns, vehicle density, or other structural features and obstacles.
The information gathered from the sensors 307, 309, 311, and 313, as well as the navigation instruments 301, time clock 303, and speed and direction sensors 305 can be compared against known input values in order to generate and update information used to generate the 3D communication map. Known values can be collected, for example, from a database 333 of previous sensor values, a map database 335 including information collected from various types of maps or mapping software, a Unified Threat Management (UTM) database 337, and known conditions database 339 such as known or weather and time data. These known values from databases 333-339 can be compared against the dynamically received values from the sensors 305-313, the navigation instruments, and the time clock 303. In some embodiments, the processing of this comparison can be performed by a processing and analysis engine 317 associated with the vehicle 315 or by a processing and analysis engine 321 associated with the central server 319. In both cases, the processing and analysis engine 317 and 321 may include one or more computer-executable processes. In alternative embodiments, the processing can be distributed between both the vehicle 315 and the central server 319. In some embodiments, if the vehicle 315 is overloaded and does not have available processing power, the processing and analysis engine 321 associated with the central server 319 can perform the comparison described above.
At 325, the known information from databases 333-339 is compared against the dynamically received information received from elements 301-313. In some embodiments, the received information can be determined to be invalid if it is too far from a known value, and therefore considered an outlier. If the received information is determined in 327 to be invalid, the appropriate vehicle from which the invalid information was received may be messaged at 329 in order to notify the vehicle that it collected an invalid data point. If the information is valid, the known database is updated 331, and the updates are sent to the vehicles 341.
embodiments. The wireless communication usability data can also indicate a low wireless communication usability zone, in some embodiments.
communication signal strength data received from the dynamic 3D communication map by a vehicle route generation module that includes one or more computer-executable processes. In some embodiments, the initial navigation route can also be generated based on the wireless communication usability data received from the dynamic 3D communication map. The initial navigation route can be configured, in some embodiments, to guide a robotic vehicle, such as an autonomous drone, to travel along a predetermined route in order to avoid a first low signal strength zone or a low signal usability zone.
In step 405, the initial navigation route is transmitted to the autonomous drone. In some embodiments, the initial navigation route can be transmitted directly to the autonomous drone from a computing system, or via a relayed communication path as discussed in more detail below.
In step 407, updated wireless communication signal strength data is received from the dynamic 3D communication map by the vehicle route generation module. The updated wireless communication signal strength data can include, for example, a second low signal strength zone. In some embodiments, updated wireless communication signal usability data is also received indicating a second low signal usability zone.
In step 409, an updated navigation route is generated by the vehicle route generation module based on the updated wireless communication signal strength data received in step 407. The updated navigation route is configured to guide the autonomous drone to avoid the second low signal strength zone. In some embodiments, the updated navigation route is also configured to guide the autonomous drone to avoid a low wireless communication signal usability zone.
In step 411, the updated navigation route is transmitted to the autonomous drone. In some embodiments, the updated navigation route can be transmitted to the autonomous drone using a communication route generated according to the techniques described in this disclosure.
FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary method 500 for generating navigation routes and communication recommendations, according to an exemplary embodiment. It will be appreciated that the method is programmatically performed, at least in part, by one or more computer-executable processes executing on, or in communication with one or more servers or computing devices such as described further below. In step 501, a signal prediction module generates a prediction of a future low signal strength zone at a particular location and time, based at least in part on expected ambient conditions at the particular location and time. For example, the signal prediction module can determine that signal strength for a particular wireless signal type decreases depending on particular ambient conditions, such as snow or thunderstorms. In such an example, the signal prediction module can predict that a similar decrease in signal strength may occur during a thunderstorm that is expected to pass through the area covered by the 3D communication map as determined by accessing publicly available or private weather data. Similarly, in some embodiments, the signal prediction module can generate a predicted signal usability value based on expected ambient conditions at a particular location, altitude, and time. For example, the signal prediction module can determine that the usability of a particular wireless signal typically decreases under predetermined ambient conditions such as known traffic patterns, sporting events, etc. In such an example, the signal prediction module can predict that a particular decrease in signal usability may occur during a sporting event that is scheduled within the area covered by the 3D communication map.
In step 503, the vehicle route generation module generates a future navigation route configured to guide the autonomous drone to avoid the future low signal zone at the particular location and time. In some embodiments, the future navigation route can also be configured to guide the autonomous drone to avoid a future low signal usability zone calculated in step 501.
embodiments, the signal type recommendation can also be configured to prompt the autonomous drone to utilize a particular signal type in order to avoid a low signal usability zone associated with one or more particular signal types.
In step 507, the future navigation route is transmitted to the autonomous drone; and in step 509 the signal type recommendation is transmitted to the autonomous drone. In some embodiments, the future navigation route and/or the signal type recommendation can be transmitted to the autonomous drone via a relayed communication route as described herein.
embodiments, the initial communication route is generated based on signal strength or battery life associated with each of a first subset of autonomous drones.
In step 605, a location sensor associated with each of the autonomous drones monitors the location of each of the autonomous drones and generates location data. In some embodiments, this location data can be used to track the location of each autonomous drone and determine which autonomous drones are available to receive and relay communication messages over which areas.
In step 607, information is transmitted and received between the autonomous drones using a communication module that includes one or more computer-executable processes and is associated with each of the autonomous drones. The information transmitted and received includes the message packet generated in step 603. In some embodiments, each autonomous drone can be configured with a separate communications processor dedicated to receiving and relaying the message packets in order to maintain the navigational function of each drone separately from the communication relay functions.
In step 609, a communication route update module associated with one of the autonomous drones generates an updated communication route in response to dynamic changes in signal strength and the location data associated with one or more of the first subset of autonomous drones. The updated communication route can relay the message packet through a second subset of autonomous drones in order to reach the destination location. In some embodiments, the updated communication route is configured to relay the message packet to avoid a low signal strength zone or a low signal usability zone, as described herein.
embodiments, the ambient condition data includes temperature data, humidity data, seasonal data, vegetation growth data, population density data, etc.
In step 703, an updated communication route is generated based on the ambient condition data generated in step 701. The updated communication route can be generated, in some embodiments, using a communication route updated module associated with one of the autonomous drones. In some embodiments, the ambient condition data can indicate an area of reduced signal strength, an area of reduced signal usability, or a high interference area, and the updated communication route can direct the communication along an updated route to avoid one or more of those areas.
embodiments, authenticating the identity of the subsequent autonomous drone includes using a first blockchain key and a second blockchain key configured to facilitate confirming the identity of the subsequent autonomous drone.
communication window 815. In this example embodiment, a second autonomous drone 809 is also within the first communication window 815 and can receive a message packet along the communication route 800 while the second autonomous drone 809 is traveling along the second route 811 between a second residence 813 and a third residence 817.
authentication module 925. Each one of a plurality of autonomous drones 913 can be in communication with the computing system 927 and with each other over the network 901. As will be appreciated, various distributed or centralized configurations may be implemented without departing from the scope of the present invention. In exemplary embodiments, the communication module 921, communication route update module 923, and the authentication module 925 can implement one or more of the processes described herein, or portions thereof. In some embodiments, the computing system 927 can store and execute a 3D map generation module 929, a signal prediction module 931, a signal type recommendation module 933, an initial communication route module 935, and a vehicle route generation module 937 which can implement one or more of the processes described herein, or portions thereof. It will be appreciated that the module functionality may be implemented as a greater number of modules than illustrated and that the same server, computing system, or autonomous drone could also host multiple modules. The database 939 can store the location data 941, altitude data 943, ambient condition data 945, signal strength data 947, and signal usability data 949, as discussed herein. In some embodiments, the 3D map generation module 929 can generate a dynamic 3D communication signal strength map and/or a dynamic 3D communication signal usability map and communicate with the electronic device 903 in order to render the dynamic 3D map using a display unit 910.
microprocessor-based or programmable consumer electronics, game consoles, network PCs, mini-computers, smartphones, and the like. The electronic device 903, autonomous drones 913, and the computing system 927 may connect to the network 901 via a wireless connection, and the electronic device 903 may include one or more applications such as, but not limited to, a web browser, a sales transaction application, a geo-location application, and the like. The computing system 927 may include some or all components described in relation to computing device 1000 shown in FIG. 10.
The communication network 901 may include, but is not limited to, the Internet, an intranet, a LAN (Local Area Network), a WAN (Wide Area Network), a MAN (Metropolitan Area Network), a wireless network, an optical network, and the like. In one embodiment, the electronic device 903, autonomous drones 913, computing system 927, and database 939 can transmit instructions to each other over the communication network 901. In exemplary embodiments, the location data 941, altitude data 943, ambient condition data 945, signal strength data 947, and signal usability data 949 can be stored at the database 939 and received at the electronic device 903, autonomous drones 913, or the computing system 927 in response to a service performed by a database retrieval application.
FIG. 10 is a block diagram of an exemplary computing device 1000 that can be used in the performance of the methods described herein. The computing device 1000 includes one or more non-transitory computer-readable media for storing one or more computer- executable instructions (such as but not limited to software or firmware) for implementing any example method according to the principles described herein. The non-transitory computer-readable media can include, but are not limited to, one or more types of hardware memory, non-transitory tangible media (for example, one or more magnetic storage disks, one or more optical disks, one or more USB flashdrives), and the like.
For example, memory 1006 included in the computing device 1000 can store computer-readable and computer-executable instructions or software for implementing exemplary embodiments and programmed to perform processes described above in reference to FIGS. 1-7. The computing device 1000 also includes processor 1002 and associated core 1004, and optionally, one or more additional processor(s) 1002' and associated core(s) 1004' (for example, in the case of computer systems having multiple processors/cores), for executing computer-readable and computer-executable instructions or software stored in the memory 1006 and other programs for controlling system hardware. Processor 1002 and processor(s) 1002' can each be a single core processor or multiple core (1004 and 1004') processor.
Virtualization can be employed in the computing device 1000 so that infrastructure and resources in the computing device can be shared dynamically. A virtual machine 1014 can be provided to handle a process running on multiple processors so that the process appears to be using only one computing resource rather than multiple computing resources. Multiple virtual machines can also be used with one processor.
Memory 1006 can be non-transitory computer-readable media including a computer system memory or random access memory, such as DRAM, SRAM, EDO RAM, and the like. Memory 1006 can include other types of memory as well, or combinations thereof.
embodiments, the display unit 910 can also display the dynamic 3D communication map disclosed herein. The computing device 1000 can also include other I/O devices for receiving input from a user, for example, a keyboard or any suitable multi-point touch interface 1008, a pointing device 1010 (e.g., a pen, stylus, mouse, or trackpad). The multipoint touch interface 1008 and the pointing device 1010 can be coupled to the display unit 910. The computing device 1000 can include other suitable conventional I/O peripherals.
The computing device 1000 can also include one or more storage devices 1024, such as a hard-drive, CD-ROM, or other non-transitory computer readable media, for storing data and computer-readable instructions and/or software, such as a 3D map generation module 929, signal prediction module 931, signal type recommendation module 933, initial communication route module 935, and vehicle route generation module 937 that can implement exemplary embodiments of the methods and systems as taught herein, or portions thereof. Exemplary storage device 1024 can also store one or more databases 939 for storing any suitable information required to implement exemplary embodiments. The database 939 can be updated by a user or automatically at any suitable time to add, delete, or update one or more items in the databases. Exemplary storage device 1024 can store a database 939 for storing the location data 941, altitude data 943, ambient condition data 945, signal strength data 947, signal usability data 949, and any other data/information used to implement exemplary embodiments of the systems and methods described herein. The computing device 1000 can also be in communication with the autonomous drones 913. In exemplary embodiments, the computing device 1000 can include a network interface 1012 configured to interface via one or more network devices 1022 with one or more networks, for example, Local Area Network (LAN), Wide Area Network (WAN) or the Internet through a variety of connections including, but not limited to, standard telephone lines, LAN or WAN links (for example, 802.11, Tl, T3, 56kb, X.25), broadband connections (for example, ISDN, Frame Relay, ATM), wireless connections, controller area network (CAN), or some combination of any or all of the above. The network interface 1012 can include a built-in network adapter, network interface card, PCMCIA network card, card bus network adapter, wireless network adapter, USB network adapter, modem or any other device suitable for interfacing the computing device 1000 to any type of network capable of communication and performing the operations described herein. Moreover, the computing device 1000 can be any computer system, such as a workstation, desktop computer, server, laptop, handheld computer, tablet computer (e.g., the iPad ® tablet computer), mobile computing or communication device (e.g., the iPhone ® communication device), or other form of computing or telecommunications device that is capable of communication and that has sufficient processor power and memory capacity to perform the operations described herein.
The computing device 1000 can run operating system 1016, such as versions of the Microsoft® Windows® operating systems, different releases of the Unix and Linux operating systems, versions of the MacOS® for Macintosh computers, embedded operating systems, real-time operating systems, open source operating systems, proprietary operating systems, operating systems for mobile computing devices, or other operating systems capable of running on the computing device and performing the operations described herein. In exemplary embodiments, the operating system 1016 can be run in native mode or emulated mode. In an exemplary embodiment, the operating system 1016 can be run on one or more cloud machine instances.
Portions or all of the embodiments of the present invention may be provided as one or more computer-readable programs or code embodied on or in one or more non-transitory mediums. The mediums may be, but are not limited to a hard disk, a compact disc, a digital versatile disc, a flash memory, a PROM, a RAM, a ROM, or a magnetic tape. In general, the computer-readable programs or code may be implemented in many computing languages.
In describing example embodiments, specific terminology is used for the sake of clarity. For purposes of description, each specific term is intended to at least include all technical and functional equivalents that operate in a similar manner to accomplish a similar purpose. Additionally, in some instances where a particular example embodiment includes system elements, device components or method steps, those elements, components or steps can be replaced with a single element, component or step. Likewise, a single element, component or step can be replaced with multiple elements, components or steps that serve the same purpose. Moreover, while example embodiments have been shown and described with references to particular embodiments thereof, those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that various substitutions and alterations in form and detail can be made therein without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Further still, other aspects, functions and advantages are also within the scope of the disclosure.
Example flowcharts are provided herein for illustrative purposes and are non-limiting examples of methods. One of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that example methods can include more or fewer steps than those illustrated in the example flowcharts, and that the steps in the example flowcharts can be performed in a different order than the order shown in the illustrative flowcharts. | http://www.sumobrain.com/patents/wipo/Systems-devices-methods-relaying-communications/WO2019028380A1.html |
1000 results for “Subculture”.
culture and subculture (p. 6-8)
A culture is a "community or population sufficiently large enough to be self-sustaining," in that it can be self-perpetuating (p. 6). There are four main elements of culture, according to Hofstede: symbols, rituals, values, heroes, and myths (p. 6). These elements of culture are transmitted via formal institutions like schools and also informally via peers and family members. Identifying with culture helps to create a cultural identity; an individual identifies with the history, symbols, rituals, values, heroes, and myths of the culture.
A culture within a culture is a subculture. Subcultures usually exist in large and complex societies (p. 8). A subculture is usually more specific than a culture, in that it can be based on ethnicity or lifestyle. A person can also identify with both the culture and subculture at the same time.
Historical and varying perspectives on communication (p. 39; 44)
Theorists have…
He noted that they include the following; naturalness, practicalness, thinness, accessibleness and immethodicalness. In conclusion, he noted that common sense is a by product, waste or what is left behind after art, science, law, ideology, religion, mathematics, technology and even epistemology and ethics have been exhausted by our minds.
Hebrige (1979) perspective of culture
Hebrige (1979) noted that our perception of style is actually a subculture in itself.
A summary and analysis of Hebrige's (1979) work on subculture
Hebrige (1979) began his work by saying that people communicate through their clothes. He noted that style is an intentional form of communication as earlier noted by Eco (1973).Subculture is also noted to be a cycle that leads from opposition to diffusion. Style is noted be a subculture that has its own codes of display. He noted that style is a subculture of conspicuous consumption. Style is also projected to be primitive…
References
Eco, U. (1973). Social life as a sign system. In Structuralism: An introduction, edited by David Robey, 57 -- 72. Oxford, UK: Clarendon.
Geertz, C. (2000).Common sense as a cultural system.In.Local Knowledge.Further Essay on the interpretation of Anthropology.New York:Basic Books
Hebdige, D.(1979). Subculture: The meaning of style. London: Methuen.
Herzog, a.,Mitchell, J and Soccio, L (1999).Interrogating Subcultures. An ELECTRONIC JOURNAL for VISUAL STUDIES. Available online at http://www.rochester.edu/in_visible_culture/issue2/introduction.htm
sub-culture that I can think of that had a different value system other than that demonstrated in mainstream America was the so-called hip hop culture. I refer to this culture and its value system in the past tense despite the fact that it is still existent today. However, its value system has become decidedly mainstream, and is the same version of capitalist conformity that is largely found throughout the corporate world. Yet, during the early part of the previous decade, this culture's regard for conformity was drastically different than it is now, and from contemporary, mainstream America's regard for it as well.
Individuality was celebrated in hip hop culture at the beginning of last decade. Conformity was looked down upon by many within this subculture. Hip hop culture is most eminently evinced in the music and visual representation of rappers, who create the music upon which this urban, New York…
Gangs as Culture and Subculture
Subculture
Gangs are a global presence. There are gangs in nearly every culture. While they are variations in intentions and behaviors, there are general patterns and basic characteristics of all gangs. The paper will briefly explore the definition of gangs, the history of gangs, the effects of them both locally & globally, as well as the reactions from the communities in which they gangs reside and conduct their activities. Gangs exist firmly as a distinctive subculture. There are theories such as cultural deviance theory, strain theory, and social control theory that offer frameworks in which professionals and scholars may consider and/or explain the formation of gangs. The paper will attempt to reference and/or use these such theories as part of the examination and articulation of gangs as a subculture. Some communities reluctantly accept gangs within their communities because some gangs offer protect to the community…
References:
Esbensen, F.A., Winfree, Jr., L.T., He, N., & Taylor, T.J. (2001). Youth Gangs and Definitional Issues: When is a Gang, and Why Does it Matter? Crime & Delinquency, 47(1), 105 -- 130.
Esperanza. (2010). Gangs 101 -- Understanding the Culture of Youth Violence. Esperanza: Philadelphia.
Hagedorn, J.M. (2005). The Global Impact of Gangs. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 21(2), 153 -- 169.
Lerman, P. (1967). Gangs, Networks, and Subcultural Delinquency. The American Journal of Sociology, 73(1), 63 -- 72.
Police Subculture- Add on Response
Nathan, I enjoyed reading your perspective and can relate to much of what you have expressed. Your explanation of the life cycle of a police career provided a clear and concise way of explaining this stressful aspects of law enforcement. I agree with your opinion on patience and its importance on keeping a balanced and clear mind while engaged in stressful policing activities. Your summary was informative and precise.
Your emphasis on education in your response aligns very much with my own philosophy on the matter, and is evidenced by this particular educational experience we are progressing through. By understanding life as one giant learning ground allows law enforcement officers to not place too much stress on themselves. Since this type of work is always mired in the unknown, being comfortable with ignorance is a good first step in becoming better educated and eventually a…
oth of the boys were good students called "brilliant" by their peers and referred to as "really nice." (Cullen, 1999; paraphrased)
III. MEDIA STUDY SPONSORED NATIONAL ONLINE TEEN OUTREACH
The Techtalk website reported in March 2000 that a "national outreach program to encourage conversations among teenagers and leading educators about popular culture and media convergence" took place. This program rose spurred by the Columbine High School event in 1999 and is an educational outreach "intended to solicit communication from a new generation of cultural participants." (Techtalk, 2000)
DISCUSSION
While no empirical findings may come of what is a very brief scope within this work as to precisely what element in today's world most contributed to the incident at Columbine school it can however, be readily discerned that something was missing in the lives of Eric Harris and his cohort. It appears that these two boys sought to fill that emptiness…
Bibliography
Cullen, Dave (1999) Outsiders even among the Outsiders: Littleton killers didn't quite fit in, even with the 'Trench Coat Mafia'" Salon News. 22 April 1999. Online available at http://www.salon.com/news/feature/1999/04/22/columbine/index.html .
Sweeny, a. (2004) "Mistaken Identity: These are dark days for Goths, who say it's wrong to tie them to school violence" published in the October 14, 2004 issue of the Boston Globe Online available at http://www.rickross.com/reference/goth/goth5.html
Media Studies Co-sponsors National Online Teen Outreach Program (2000) TechTalk March 29, 2000. Online available at http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/tt/2000/mar29/teen.html .
Internet Sociology: A Study of Subculture and Today's Youth
Individuals usually discover their norms from numerous mingling agent such as teacher, parents, ministers, friends, family, co-workers, and including mass media. In brief, youths discover illegal conduct, like different actions, from their connections with other youths, chiefly in groups that are close.
The differential-association theory relates to numerous forms of actions that are different. For instance, gangs that are juvenile set an atmosphere in which youths discover a life of being a criminal offender. These gangs describe themselves as countercultural and worship aggression, vengeance, and corruption as a way to achieving social position. Those in gangs discover to be irregular as they try to hold on to their gang's customs and dangerous way of life.
Differential-association theory has donated to the area of criminology in its emphasis on the developing character of misbehavior. People get deviance from their peers and those that they socialize with. Critics of the differential-association theory,…
Reference:
Urban violence and street gangs. (2003). Annual Review of Anthropology, 32(00846570), 225-225-242.
Alvarez, A., & Bachman, R. (1997). Predicting the fear of assault at school and while going to and from school in an adolescent population. Violence and Victims, 12(1), 69-69-86. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/208554672?accountid=34899
Barakett, J., & Leonard, J. (1999). Resisting youth subcultures: Classroom practice and critical pedagogy. Transformations, 10(2), 85-85.
Clark, C.M. (1992). Deviant adolescent subcultures: Assessment strategies and clinical interventions. Adolescence, 27(106), 283-283-93.
Communication between individuals on the force varies considerably. There is a strict hierarchy in the force, as most people are aware of, claims Officer Friendly. Thus, a person does not speak to their superiors the same way as to coworkers or subordinates. It is important to maintain this hierarchy because it helps the officers have a chain of command that includes respect for authority. Without authority, there would be too much dissention when making critical decisions. Decisions in the force are life/death decisions, notes the officer. There is no room or time for democratic discussions. Officers need a clear chain of command so that decisions are swift and authoritative. To carry out the functions of modern police work, all cops must work together and be on the same page. There is a great degree of collaboration, in spite of the hierarchy. "Officers need to work together, we're in this together,"…
Subcultures: The Gyaru Subculture
The Gyaru Subculture: Subcultures
The Gyaru Subculture
One of the widely recognized impacts of globalization is the fact that it causes changes and modifications to the values, norms and traditions of existing cultures, resulting in the formation of new subcultures, or the complete loss of cultural identity (Marshall & aymond, 2015). The Gyaru subculture in Japan offers a perfect example of a subculture formed in this manner. 'Gyaru' is the Japanese translation for the English word 'girl' -- it is a subculture of young girls and women who, just like most women in the rest of the world, are obsessed with trying to achieve the image of 'ideal' beauty imposed upon them by the media. Differently from other women, however, the Gyaru go to extreme lengths to achieve these unattainable standards of beauty -- they follow a certain style of dressing and do their hair and…
References
Hedy Magazine. (2015). Japanese Girls and the Gyaru Subculture. Hedy Magazine. Retrieved November 3, 2015 from http://hedymag.com/japanese-gals-and-the-gyaru-subculture/
Marshall, P. D. & Redmond, S. (2015). A Companion to Celebrity. West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons.
Police Subculture
The set of beliefs, attitudes, and behaviour followed by the members of law enforcement constitutes what is referred to as police subculture. Owing to the nature of their job, most police officers tend to view members of the general public as potential suspects, untrustworthy and even potentially hostile. Police officers expect support from their colleagues. Consequently, the "us versus them" scenario is created; where "us" refers to the police force while the public constitutes "them". There are advantages and disadvantages to the scenario created. While embracing a sense of trust created between the members of the police is good for achieving team objectives, the police also hold a mantra that the line between chaos and order is quite thin. This means that the society needs the police if there is to be law and order. The mantra is responsible for the deeply embedded feeling of unity, teamwork and…
References
Campbell, M. (2007). Applying communities of practice to the learning police. Learning and Socio-cultural Theory: Exploring Modern Vygotskin Perspectives' Workshop, 1(1). Retrieved from http://ro.uow.edu.au/llrg
Conti, N. (2010). Weak links and warrior hearts: a framework for judging self and others in police training. Police Practice and Research, 12(5), 410 -- 423. Retrieved from http://www.tandfonline.com.ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/doi/pdf/10.1080/15614263.2010.536726
Davis, M. (1996). Police, discretion, and professions. In J. Kleinig (Ed.), Handled with Discretion: Ethical Issues in Police Decision Making (pp. 1-35). Lanham, Maryland: Rowman and Littlefield.
Hunt, R. G., & Magenau, J. M. (1993). Power and the Police Chief. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.
Skinheads Movement in America
"Skinheads' is a group of whites who are responsible for creating racial discrimination and prejudice in the United States. They were a very prominent, deviant and often violent sub-culture existing in the country in 1980s. A sub-culture is different from a minority group because the latter is primarily based on ethnic background while the former is grounded in value system. A person who joins a sub-culture is expected to have same values and beliefs as other members of the group. Farley (1990) defines subculture "as a set of cultural characteristics shared among a group within a society that are distinct in some ways from the larger culture within which the group exists, but also have features in common with the larger culture. Usually, a group that forms a subculture has some sense of identity, some recognition that people in the group share something among themselves that…
REFERENCES:
1)
John Leo, BEHAVIOR: A Chilling Wave of Racism From L.A. To Boston, the skinheads are on the march., Time, 01-25-1988, pp 57
2) Dr. William L. Pierce, Skinheads and the Law -- Free Speech, April 1995, Volume I, Number 4
3) Farley, John E. (1990). Sociology, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall.
individuals join the police academy, they undergo rigorous training. This training teaches these individuals about many subjects such as criminal law, defensive tactics, and verbal judo amongst many others that the individuals may be required to apply during the course of the job. However, regardless of these teachings the professional culture influences the behaviors of these individuals separately creating a bias in the learning techniques. The police subculture is not taught as a curriculum, but adopted by the individuals. The police subculture impacts the behavior of the individuals in a powerful way. This means that studying this subculture makes it easy to understand the behavior of the members of the police force.
Purpose Statement
This paper is the study of this subculture. It will briefly talk about the various characteristics of this subculture.
Argot
Communication is a very important dimension of this subculture. Officers rely heavily on communication as they…
Works Cited
Barry, Daniel Patrick. Handling Police Misconduct In an Ethical Way. December 1999. [Online] Available at http://www.unlv.edu/Colleges/Liberal_Arts/Ethics_and_Policy/barry.html
Thibault, Edward A. Lynch, Lawrence M.R. McBride, Bruce Lynch, Lawrence. Proactive Police Management. Prentice Hall. 11 August, 2000. Isbn: 0130225193
Metropolis, Fashion, Society
Metropolis, Fashion, and Society
In his portrayal of the flaneur, audelaire captured the essence of youth: the striving to be different, to be seen, and yet not be seen. In his words, the flaneur "enjoys the excitement and anonymity of, in particular, life on the city streets…to see the world, to be at the centre of the world, and yet to remain hidden from the world" audelaire, 1984, 9-10). The French poet could have taken these words directly from the mouth of a contemporary Y-Generation "haul girl."
Fig. 1. Haul Girl selfie.
Photograph: YouTube
This essay provides a brief exploration of the youth subculture attempts to answer the question as to whether the individuality of haul girls and their equivalents are expressed through the steady stream of purchases made -- clothing, fashionable jewelry, and accouterments such as music and decor -- and through the " that enables…
Bibliography
Adams, R. (2008) 'The Englishness of English Punk: Sex Pistols, subcultures, and nostalgia, in Popular Music & Society, 31(4), 469-488.
Beaudelaire, C. (1964). 'The Painter Of Modern Life,' in The Painter of Modern Life and Other Essays. London: Phaidon, pp.9-10
Bennett, A. & Kahn-Harris, K. (eds.), (2004). After Subculture: Critical Studies in Contemporary Youth Culture, London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Bourdieu, P. (1984) Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, p. 66.
There is no initiation, or rite of passage; one can enter the Goth culture without gaining anyone's approval since this particular culture does not have a particular leader. Goths tend to resist being controlled (Kilpatrick, 3) and needing to qualify to enter the movement would go against one of the main components of the culture.
It is clear that individuals associated with the Goth culture distinguish themselves through their eerie, dark and mysterious fashion (La Ferla), however another distinction can be observed through their ways of thinking and approaching life. In her book The Goth Bible, Nancy Kilpatrick interviewed several everyday Goths and one main characteristic seems to be recurrent -- being Goth is about finding romanticism in darkness. While many Goths will discover their affinity for this romanticism in their teens, or youth -- since these are the years where most of us feel misunderstood, like outsiders - it…
References
Bibby, Michael, and Lauren E. Goodlad. Goth: Undead Subculture. Duke University Press, 2007. Print.
Kilpatrick, Nancy. The Goth Bible: A Compendium for the Darkly Inclined. Macmillan, 2004. Print.
La Ferla, Ruth. "Embrace the Darkness." The New York Times, 30 October 2005.
Wilson, Cintra. "You Just Can't Kill It," The New York Times, 17 September 2008.
Peer recognition too plays into many hackers motivation as they work towards being accepted and gaining status within the culture. and, lastly, some hackers are motivated by the thought that their efforts serve a public service (O'Neill, 2006). "Hackers built the Internet, they made the Unix operating system what it is, and they make the World Wide Web work" (Castelluccio, 2003).
Forecast 4:
Forecast 4 states, "Some computer hacker groups, notably those characterized by the 'offender' and 'predator' categories, will evolve into networked criminal enterprises."
This likely will occur in some instances. Hacker culture's desire to gain power and notoriety, combined with the need to achieve that adrenaline fix, will lead some to ultimately progress from the loosely structured culture of hackers today, to a more formalized, networked criminal group. However, for the most part, the high turnover rate of the culture, along with the desire to maintain secrecy and…
References
Best, K. (Dec 2003). The hacker's challenge. Social Semiotics, 13(3). Retrieved March 20, 2008, from Academic Search Premier database.
Best, K. (Oct 2006). Visceral hacking or packet wanking? Culture, Theory & Critique, 47(2). Retrieved March 20, 2008, from Academic Search Premier database.
Castellucio, M. (Oct 2003). Co-opting the hacker culture. Strategic Finance, 85(4). Retrieved March 20, 2008, from Business Source Complete database.
Holt, T. (Mar/Apr 2007). Subcultural evolution? Deviant Behavior, 28(2). Retrieved March 20, 2008, from socINDEX database.
Subcultures
According to Schaefer, "each culture has a unique character," but this character is the result of the variety of "subcultures" found within a culture. (Schaefer, 2009, p. 69) The term "subculture" may have come into the common vernacular in the 1950's, but for more than sixty years it has had an ever evolving definition. As scientists perform more research into subcultures, they have constantly updated their definition to match their research data. However, in general "subcultures" are groups of people who share certain characteristic ways of thinking and acting while existing within a larger culture. (Jenks, 2005, p.7) In modern society there are numerous subcultures filled with individuals who share a variety of common characteristics, from stamp collecting to sports. However, one particular subculture that has developed a somewhat unwarranted bad reputation is the community of bikers. While some bikers follow the stereotypical "rough-rider" character, involving themselves in outrageous,…
References
Jenks, Chris. (2005). Subculture: The Fragmentation of the Social. Thousand Oaks,
CA: Sage Publications. Print.
Schaefer, J.T. (2009). Sociology: A Brief Introduction. New York: McGraw-Hill
Print.
Finally, one can understand the motivation of these students, as the pressures (both good and bad) put on by their families influence their choices and their work ethic.
Methods Used Google Scholar (a subset of Google which finds refereed journal articles), using "Japanese-American immigration" and "Vietnamese immigration U.S." As primary search terms. I looked for books or articles which fit the topics. I felt it important to understand the time and type of immigration, even if it occurred 100 years ago, in order to understand current motivations.
There was no lack of good information, but the most important was that related to the immigration movements, the reasons behind them, and how the two cultures responded.
Importance as a Teacher
It is important to understand the background and motivations of my students and their families. If I understand, for example, that a Vietnamese child's parents are likely to clear the dining…
Bibliography
Daniels, R. (1977). The Politics of Prejudice: The Anti-Japanese Movement in California and the Struggle for Japanese Exclusion. Berkeley: U. Of Cal Press.
Do, H. (1999). The Vietnamese Americans. Westport: Homewood Press.
Kao, G. (1995). Asian-Americans as Model Minorities? A Look at Their Academic Performance. Am J. Of Education, 121-159.
Kitano, H. (1969). Japanese-Americans: The Evolution of a Subculture. Ethnic Groups in American Life Series. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall.
This also has major implications for military operations, both within a military unit and in the interaction between the military unit and another culture. Essentially, the problem of ethnocentrism can be seen at the root of the other cultural problems discussed in this context; it implies both a lack of understanding about the impacts of the unit's culture on the people of a foreign culture, as well as a lack of appreciation and understanding for that culture (Hoskins 2007).
Conclusion
Culture is strange, in that it is both constant and always changing. The only static culture is a dead one; as the various elements and generations of a culture interact, change is bound to happen. When there is no longer any interaction within a culture or between a given culture and other cultures, there is no longer any point to that culture, and indeed that culture could not realistically exist…
References
DiMarco, L. (2003). Traditions, changes, and challenges: Military operations and the Middle Eastern city. Diane Publsihing.
Harrison, D.; Light, L. & Rothschild-Boros, M. (2008). Cultural anthropology: Our diverse world. New York: Wadsworth.
Hoskins, B. (2007). "Religion and other cultural variable in modern operational environments." Accessed 16 October 2009. http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA470675&Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf
O'Neil, D. (2007). "Characteristics of Culture." Accessed 16 October 2009. http://anthro.palomar.edu/culture/culture_2.htm
The major concern is the effect of violence, due once again, to studies that show a connection between watching violence and participating in it. For example, Bushman and Anderson (2002) conducted as study in which they determined that playing violent video games can "engender hostile expectations, leading one to expect that others will respond aggressively" (p. 1679).
The Grand Theft Auto series of video games has undoubtedly been a major instigator in the backlash against the gaming industry. Not surprisingly, most parents are not too thrilled about the idea of their children taking on the persona of a character who commits crimes to earn rewards, and runs over prostitutes so he doesn't have to pay them. There was also a major parental backlash against the PS2 game Bully before it was released, because parents assumed that it would glorify bullying. The frenzy turned out to be unfounded as the game…
References
Bushman, B.J., & Anderson, C.A. (2002). Violent video games and hostile expectations: A test of the general aggression model. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28, 1679 -- 1686.
Gunter, B., Harrison, J. & Wykes, M. (2003) Violence on television: Distribution, form, context, and themes, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
Rekulak, J. & Spangler, B. (2006) Let's Paint the '90s, Quirk Books
Silence too is an important part of communication in Singapore. It is customary to pause before answering a question, to indicate that the person has given the question the appropriate thought and consideration that is needed. Westerners habit of responding quickly to a question, to Singaporeans, often indicates thoughtlessness and rude behavior. Their demeanor is typically calm, and Westerners more aggressive style is often seen as off putting ("Singapore: Language," 2009). Authority is to be respected for both employees of an organization, in Singapore, and when dealing with other organizations (Tse, 2008), and communication content and tone should represent this respect. Business etiquette is also different in Singapore than in many Western countries.
Cultural Business Etiquette in Singapore:
Business is more formal in Singapore than non-Asian organizations are often used to. There are strict rules of protocol, with a clear chain of command, which is expected to be kept on…
References
Choy, W. 1 Jul 2007, "Globalisation and workforce diversity: HRM implications for multinational corporations in Singapore," Singapore Management Review, http://www.allbusiness.com/public-administration/national-security-international/4509815-1.html .
Edewor, P. & Aluko, P. May 2007, "Diversity management, challenges and opportunities in multicultural organizations," International Journal of Diversity in Organisation, Communities & Nations vol. 6, no. 6, pp. 189-195.
Hofstede, G. Feb 1993, "Cultural constraints in management theories," Executive, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 81-94.
Ismail, R. & Shaw, B. Feb 2006, "Singapore's Malay-Muslim minority: Social identification in a post 9/11 world," Asian Ethnicity vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 37-51.
culture workplace. (This include, necessarily limited, fellow employees,
Culture plays a vital role in the workplace in contemporary times. Most organizations have their own respective cultures, as well as do individual industries, countries, parts of countries, and even different parts of the world. All of these varying cultures and sub-cultures come together in the workplace environment, and make for some interesting interactions -- not all of which are beneficent. I have had a number of different interactions with individuals who were part of cultures that are not innately my own, and have always come away with them by gaining a degree of didactic knowledge that sheds insight into future situations of intercultural activity.
Industry specific culture is one that is difficult to assess -- or even to necessarily prepare for -- without fully emerging oneself into it. For instance, when I attended my first data governance conference last winter, I…
References
Your PowerPoint Slide, Chapter 3 Slide 9. I don't have the rest of the reference.
In histoy, in most of the Indian families, the inheitance of the estates of the family is left to the lineage of males in the family. Though since the yea 1956, the law in India has always teated females and males as equals in mattes of inheitance whee thee is no legal will witten. Cuently, Indians have become wise and ae using legal wills fo the inheitance and succession of popety. The usage of legal wills at of the yea 2004 stands at about 20%.
The ate of divoce in India is extemely low. It stands at 1% as compaed to 40% which is expeienced in the U.S. These statistics of divoce do not, howeve, give a complete pictue of the divoce situation in India. This is because many maiages that end up being split do so without a fomal divoce. Thee is a eseach gap in the scientific studies…
references. [Article]. Journal of Food Science, 69(4), SNQ191-SNQ192. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2004.tb06362.x
Johnson, H. (2007). 'Happy Diwali!' Performance, Multicultural Soundscapes and Intervention in Aotearoa/New Zealand. [Article]. Ethnomusicology Forum, 16(1), 71-94. doi: 10.1080/17411910701276526
Kurien, P.A. (2006). Multiculturalism and "American" Religion: The Case of Hindu Indian-Americans. Social Forces, 85(2), 723-741.
Mandair, a. (2007). Interdictions: Language, Religion & the (dis)Orders of Indian Identity. [Article]. Social Identities, 13(3), 337-361. doi: 10.1080/13504630701363978
Mintz, S.W., & Bois, C.M.D. (2002). The Anthropology of Food and Eating. Annual Review of Anthropology, 31(ArticleType: research-article / Full publication date: 2002 / Copyright © 2002 Annual Reviews), 99-119.
For example, the sexual revolution in Iran was part of a larger cultural movement that encouraged the challenge of a large number of social changes. "This social movement encompasses behaviours such as pushing the envelope on Islamic dress, sexual behaviours, heterosocializing, driving around in cars playing loud illegal music, partying, drinking, dancing and so on -- to include basically, young people doing what they were not supposed to do under Islamic law" (Mahdavi, 2012, p.35).
In fact, the link between how a society approaches sex and that society's overall approaches towards human rights is interesting to note. Generally, the more liberal a society and the more protective of individual freedoms, the more permissive that society's approach will be towards sexuality, particularly female sexuality. In fact, when a totalitarian regime has been challenged, there seems to be a swing in the other direction, with an embrace of human rights, including rights…
References
Elliston, D. (2005). Erotic anthropology: "Ritualized homosexuality" in Melanesia and beyond.
In J. Robertson (Ed.), Same sex cultures and sexualities: An anthropological reader (pp.91-115). Malden: Blackwell.
Hunter, M. (2012). Rights amidst wrongs: The paradoxes of gender rights-based approaches towards AIDS in South Africa. In P. Aggleton, P. Boyce, H.L. Moore, & P. Parker (Eds.), Understanding global sexualities: New frontiers (pp.66-74). London: Routledge.
Mahdavi, P. (2012). 'The personal is political and the political is personal': Sexuality, politics, and social movements in modern Iran. In P. Aggleton, P. Boyce, H.L. Moore, & P. Parker (Eds.), Understanding global sexualities: New frontiers (pp.34-48). London: Routledge.
This research focuses on the public housing neighborhood of Bezirganbahce. Like the first, this article shows how Turkish society "marks the areas populated by the urban poor as dangerous, a breeding ground for illegal activities, and areas of social decay or social ill," (Candan & Kolluoglu 2008 p 38). Those lower ranking social classes and ethnic subgroups are often excluded from the daily existence of mainstream Turkish culture and forced to life a marginalized life in a segregated area that isolates lower socioeconomic classes from the rest of society. The urban poor that reside in the neighborhood are excluded from an external source, and thus left to fend for themselves. In this marginalized space, the residents of this neighborhood have actually created a culture that is all their own outside of the boundaries of typical Turkish life. Like as shown in Yilmaz (2008), this neighborhood is seen as having to…
References
Candan, Ayfur Bartu & Kolluoglu, Biray. (2008). Emerging spaces of neoliberalism: A gated town and a public housing project in Istanbul. New Perspectives on Turkey, 39(2008), 4-46.
Yilmaz, Bediz. (2008). Entrapped in multidimensional exclusion: The perpetuation of poverty among conflict-induced migrants in an Istanbul neighborhood. New Perspectives on Turkey, 38(2008), 205-234.
Gender in Post-Communist Society
Consider the differences between gendered behavior in the Czech Republic and the U.S.A.… which socio-historical factors affect the Czechs' present-day gender identity and gender issues?
Men are respected as the stronger sex and this determines the way they relate women. A Czech has a striking mixture of firm attachment to the labor market and strong family values, considerable independence and personal efficiency. The women are homemakers and breadwinners. They are also able to command attention. Another interesting part of the Czech gender roles is that love outweighs work. For example, more women devote their time to care for their children at home unlike before and make considerable efforts in finding husbands (Delphy & Leonard, 175).
I noticed that Czech women are nicely dressed in order for them to find husbands while the men act chivalrously in order for them to find wives. Many women abandon their…
Work cited
Nanette Funk and Magda Mueller, "Feminism East and West," Gender Politics and Post-Communism. Reflections from Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union,(1993) New York and London, Routledge, pp. 318-330.
Berger, John. "Ways of Seeing. London": BBC Penguin Books. pp. 129-154. 1977
Beauvoir, Simone de, "The Psychoanalytical Point-of-View," pp. 49-61. (2010). In the second sex New. York: Vintage Books
Delphy, Ch. And Leonard, D. "The Variety of Work Done by Wives," in (eds.) Jackson, S. And Scott, S. G Gender: A Sociological Reader. New York: Routledge. pp. 170-179.2002
Culture and Marketing Strategy
About the print ad from http://theinspirationroom.com/daily/2013/johnnie-walker-from-the-future/
The print ad is about a certain brand of alcoholic drink that is endorsed by a professional athlete. The athlete takes a sip from a glass of whisky and begins walking. This in a way appears to suggest that consumers of this particular brand of whisky can cover long distances after taking this whiskey. Information pertaining to alcoholic content and how the brand is matured are not clearly visible on the ad. The only visible thing is the image of the person who has endorsed the brand making some strides.
Assumptions made by the authors of the ad
The authors of the ad try to make the ad to be more appealing to the motives and desires of the consumers. They give form to people's deep-lying desires. They assume that they will best arrest the consumer's attention by tugging consumer's…
References List
Altstiel, T & Grow, J. (2006). Advertising Strategy: Creative Tactics From the Outside/In. CA:
Sage.
Petracca, M. & Sorapure, M. (1998). Common Culture: Reading and Writing about American
Popular Culture. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall.
They wanted to know the best places to go after work, and expected him to help them in that regard.
Hanes finally told his Japanese trainers "he preferred not to mix business with pleasure." ithin a couple days, the group requested another instructor. The critical issue here, one can quickly discern, is that Hanes did not do his homework on the Japanese business culture; if he had, he would know the Japanese are intensely committed to their work, on duty and off duty.
The "Miscue No. 2" involves Ray Lopez, top salesperson for his company who was fluent in Spanish; he was sent to Buenos Aires to make a marketing pitch to a distribution firm there. He arrived and was picked up at the airport and surprised to learn that the meeting had been postponed for two days "...so that Ray could rest after the long trip" and also have…
Works Cited
Hult, G. Tomas M.; Cavusgil, S. Tamer; Deligonul, Seyda; Kiyak, Tunga; & Lagerstrom,
Katarina. (2007) What Drives Performance in Globally Focused Marketing Organizations? A Three-Country Study. Journal of International Marketing, 15(2), 58-85.
Keeley, Timothy Dean. 2001, International Human Resource Management in Japanese Firms: Their Greatest Challenge, New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Kim, Youngok, Gray, Sidney J. 2005, 'Strategic factors influencing international human resource management practices: an empirical study of Australian multinational corporations', International Journal of Human Resource Management, vol. 16, no. 5, pp. 809-830.
hen Europeans colonized Brazil, for example, the indigenous peoples intermarried or otherwise bonded intimately with those Europeans and the result was a hybrid identity, "mestizaje," which Noh refers to as a native Brazilian combining his or her identity with a Portuguese identity.
Hence, in the twentieth century hybridity has been transformed into a "…cultural phenomenon" which is now explored by anthropologists and other social scientists -- and it means that growing volumes of people are moving "…from one place to another" and as they move they create "…new cultural and sociodemographic spaces and are themselves reshaped in the process" (Luke, 2003, p. 379). The point of Noh's article -- boiled down to a safe overview -- is that cultural borders between countries and regions "…have been blurred" and in their place is an "intercultural mixture" because "…all cultures are involved in one another" (p. 7). In fact some scholars insist…
Works Cited
Bruno, D.C., Scott, J., and Hinton, C. (2012). Educational Research and Innovation Languages
in a Global World Learning for Better Cultural Understanding: Learning for Better
Cultural Understanding. Paris, France: OECD Publishing.
Fleras, a. (2011). "From Mosaic to Multiversality": Repriming Multicultural Governance
Human esources
Managing Organisational Culture
The values and behaviors that contribute to the unique social and psychological environment of an organization make up the organizations culture. Organizational culture is the summation total of an organization's past and current suppositions, incidents, viewpoint, and values that hold it together, and is articulated in its self-image, inner workings, connections with the outside world, and future prospects.
In dealing with the management of organisational culture, it is firstly essential to recognize as fully as possible the characteristics of the existing or new target culture to include the myths, symbols, rituals, values and assumptions that strengthen the culture. Organisational culture is not something that can be viewed very easily it is consequently quite hard to replace it. Usually when certain leaders form a company, their values are converted into the actions of the members of that organisation. When other leaders take over, it may not…
References
Background To Business in China. n.d. [ONLINE]. Available at: http://www.worldbusinessculture.com/Chinese-Business-Style.html [Accessed 18 August 2012].
Campbell, B. 2010. [ONLINE]. How To Improve Your Corporate Culture. Available at: http://www.bcbusinessonline.ca/bcb/business-sense/2010/05/28/how-improve-your-corporate-culture [Accessed 15 August 2012].
Differences in Culture. n.d. [ONLINE]. Available at: http://www.analytictech.com/mb021/cultural.htm [Accessed 24 August 2012].
Edgar H. Schein's Model of Organizational Culture. 2010. [ONLINE]. Available at: http://www.businessmate.org/Article.php?ArtikelId=36 [Accessed 18 August 2012].
Socially-constructed Societies and Cultures Among Transmigrants and Transnationals: The Case of United States Migration History
Migration, as a social activity, is a vital element considered not only for its importance in determining specific aspects of a country's socio-demographic characteristics, but in determining the psycho-demographic characteristics of societies and cultures within that country. Indeed, it is evident that apart from serving as a catalyst in changing the social structure of societies, migration also helps change and bring dynamism to a the norms, traditions, and values held important by a society and culture. Take as an example the history of migration in the United States. Historical events such as the first and second World Wars have triggered the sudden increase in migration of people from different countries in the world. Furthermore, migration also increased as an effect of the economic and political stability of the U.S., as compared to other countries in…
Bibliography
Castles, S. And M. Miller. (1993). The Age of Migration: International Population Movements in the Modern World. London: Macmillan Press Ltd.
Kennedy, P. And V. Roudometof. Transnationalism in a global age. In Communities across Borders: New immigrants and transnational cultures. (2002). P. Kennedy and V. Roudometof (Eds.). NY: Routledge.
Massey, D. Why does immigration occur? A Theoretical Synthesis. In The Handbook of International Migration: The American Experience. (1999). C. Hirschmann, P. Kasinitz and J. DeWind (Eds.). NY: Russell Sage Foundation.
Matthews, K. Boundaries of diaspora identity: The case of Central and East African-Asians in Canada. In Communities across Borders: New immigrants and transnational cultures. (2002). P. Kennedy and V. Roudometof (Eds.). NY: Routledge.
Health, Culture & Globalization
Health, Culture and Globalization
Culture plays an integral role in the lives of societies and individuals all over the world. Across countries and societies, different kinds of culture exist and govern the daily lives of people. Defined technically, culture is the system of beliefs, norms, values, and traditions that a specific group of people perceives and considers as their worldview. Countries have different cultures, and within each culture exists sub-cultures, created because of the diversity/differences existing from even the same group of people with the same nationality, race, or ethnic membership.
Culture inadvertently affects every aspect of an individual's life. Its influence could be as mundane as deciding what to wear and eat for the day, or as critical and important not only to the individual but also to the society, such as deciding who to vote for depending on the candidate's similarities in beliefs and…
References
Eckersley, R. (2007). "Culture, spirituality, religion and health: looking at the big picture." The Medical Journal of Australia, (186)10 Suppl.
The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, TB and Malaria. Available at: http://www.theglobalfund.org/en/
Huynen, M., P. Martens and H. Hilderink. (2005). "The health impacts of globalization: a conceptual framework." Globalization and Health, (1)14.
An example of this virtual culture is the fan culture, wherein individuals having a similar belief or likeness for an idea or another individual (also identified as "cult hero") come together and form a community wherein they talk about their beliefs, and create a culture uniquely identified only to them. Examples of these fan cultures are Star Wars, Lord of the Rings, and Harry Potter fan groups/bases.
In the following years, despite Macionis' expressed fear for these virtual cultures, this form of culture will develop to give way to new, hybrid cultures that will potentially develop as a result of the continuous innovation and creation of computer- and Internet-mediated technologies. Moreover, these cultures will become important in that it will reflect the kind of groups and individuals extant in the society. These virtual cultures will mirror peoples' values, beliefs, and traditions. And most importantly, virtual cultures will become the 'culture…
Organizational Culture
IKEA Organizational Culture
Strong and Weak Sides of Organizational Culture
Impact of Internal and External Factors
Leadership and Organizational Culture
IKEA Subculture
Values
Employees and Organizational Structure
IKEA Organizational Culture
Every organization has a unique culture that dictates how things are done -- it defines the organization's social and psychological behavior. Though there is no universally agreed definition, organizational culture essentially refers to the values, beliefs, attitudes, assumptions, principles, habits, and customs shared by members of a given organization (Schein, 2010). These behavioral aspects constitute the distinctiveness of the organization (Jain, 2005). Indeed, organizational culture can be an important source of competitive advantage for an organization as it determines its strategic orientation, personnel management approaches, and other aspects of organizational behavior (Schein, 2010; Mullins & Christy, 2010). One organization that has built a distinctive organizational culture is IKEA, a Swedish multinational firm involved in the designing and marketing…
References
Browaeys, M., & Price, R. (2008). Understanding Cross-cultural Management. Harlow: Prentice Hall.
Clarke, L. (n.d.). Corporate culture of the heart. Retrieved from: https://inside.6q.io/ikea - corporate-culture-of-the-heart/
Geert-hofstede.com (n.d.). Country comparison. Retrieved from: https://geert- hofstede.com/sweden.html
Grol, P., & Schoch, C. (2010). IKEA: Culture as competitive advantage. CPA, Paris Chamber of Commerce. Retrieved from: http://www.efbl.org/upload/7730963-Strategijski- menadzment-Studija-slucaja-IKEA-2010-12-16.pdf
Organizational Culture:
An Analysis Based on Morgan's Cultural Metaphor
When one thinks about the word "culture," one tends to think about some far-away, exotic place where people in elaborate costumes perform mysterious rituals. While it is certainly true that people on the other side of the world from wherever one lives certainly have their own culture, it is vital to remember that all people have their lives deeply influenced by culture. We each live in a number of different cultures: The culture of our family, of our neighborhood, of the place where we work, sometimes of a religious and ethnic community. Culture is simply an agreement among the members of a group about how they will behave, what their values are, and how they will communicate with each other. Culture determines how we each interact with each other on a daily basis.
The paper examines the organizational culture of a…
References
Grisham, T. (2006). Metaphor, poetry, storytelling and cross-cultural leadership. Management Decision, 44(4), 486-503.
Harris, J. & Barnes, K.B. (2006). Leadership storytelling. Industrial and commercial training, 38(7), 350-353.
Jensen, D.F.N. (2006). Metaphors as a bridge to understanding educational and social contexts. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 5(1), Article 4, 1-17.
Leder, G. (2007). The power of metaphors: Use of clever analogies to simplify complex subjects and you might just get clients to take your perspective. On Wall Street 17 (5), 88.
Description
Law enforcement has a distinct professional culture that is comprised of both formal and informal elements. Formal elements are ensconced in rules and regulations. For example, training, hours of work, how to fill out paperwork, and wearing a uniform according to an individual’s status in the organization are formal elements of the culture. Informal elements are unspoken, including norms of behavior and the jargon used between officers. For example, informal cultural norms are what have a direct bearing on “how to go about their tasks, how hard to work, what kinds of relationships to have with their fellow officers and other categories of people with whom they interact, and how they should feel about police administrators,” (“The Police Culture,” p. 98). Both formal and informal culture impacts productivity, identity, and performance.
Language and Behaviors
One of the defining features of a culture is language. In the professional sectors, jargon…
Sociology of Popular Culture
Popular Culture
A popular culture is a complex term defined by a number of already existing definitions which explore the different spectrums associated with the term. The initial understanding of this culture was based on the lifestyle adopted by the masses; the subordinate, lower class, which made them separate from the elite class. However, today, it is considered to be a lifestyle which includes different cultural practices, artifacts and other cultural commodities, that is widely accepted by the population. Therefore, in order to study a popular culture, it is important to focus on the varying aspects such as identity, representation, regulation, production and consumption where the latter two have an interdependent relationship. For this reason, this paper would look into the underlying fact of the contemporary popular culture where the producers are also the consumers.
The theorists of the cultural studies started studying popular culture when…
REFERENCES
Bielby D, 2001, Popular culture: production and consumption, Wiley-Blackwell, United States.
Douglas, S, 1994, Where the girls are: Growing up female with the mass media. New York: Random House
Kellner, D, 1995, Media culture: Cultural studies, identity, and politics between the modern and the postmodern. New York: Routledge
Leadbeater, 1996, Urban Girls: Resisting Stereotypes, Creating Identities. New York: New York University Press
Schien (1999) the Corporate Culture Survival Guide
Culture content and surviving in the external environment
Mission, Strategy and Goals
Development of assumptions
Sense of mission and identity
Cultural moral of story: Acquisition strategy has to fit existing culture
Over organizational history learning by organization of effective
Complexity of Cultural Analysis due to shared mission and strategic intent
F. Variations in unit organization to achieve mission and strategy
G. Error-detection systems in the organization
F. Actions when discovering important goals are not being met
G. Variation among organizational parts in measure and actions to take on results
New Leaders in the Organization
Organizational culture
Destroy existing culture by ridding organization of key culture carriers;
B. Fight existing culture by forcing their own beliefs, values and assumption on the members of the organization.
C. Cave in to the existing culture abandoning their own beliefs, values and assumptions.
D. Evoke the culture by…
Car Culture: How and Why "Ricers" Came into The Scene
Since the advent of cars, people have always wanted to play around with them and make modifications of their own preferences. Car modification has been taking place ever since we started manufacturing vehicles and the reason has been varied. There are some who did it for prowess or just for some mischief. For example, NASCAR evolved from the building of super-fast cars that were mostly a result of bootlegging. The initial modifications that people would perform on their vehicles were mainly conducted due to criminal activities. In the old cars, there was no matching of cars to engine numbers, transmission, or body frame. This made it possible for thieves to change engines and repaint a vehicle, which in turn meant they have a new car. This car modification was referred to as hot rodding. However, all this changed when the…
Co-Optation
Underground cultures of all types are frequently co-optated in order to bring them into the mainstream. When an underground culture begins as something unique, that uniqueness is attractive to those who crave unique things and experience. These are the early adopters, and the influencers of others. These influencers then make that culture more attractive to the mainstream. Typically, co-optation occurs when business interests see the potential in something and then market a co-optated version of that to a mainstream audience. The essay on popular culture highlights hip hop music, which grew from an integrated street culture in the Bronx, was first co-optated by African-American urban youth in other cities, leaving out many of the culture's elements in favor of a focus on the fashion and music, and co-optation became even more pronounced when the music's underground popularity with white suburban audiences was noticed. This actually mirrored quite closely the…
References
Jackson, R. (2013). Billabong's downfall may signal the death of the entire surfwear industry. Business Insider. Retrieved April 22, 2014 from http://www.businessinsider.com/billabong-demise-surfwear-2013-11
Woody, T. (2012). Surfing's toxic secret. Forbes. Retrieved April 22, 2014 from http://www.forbes.com/sites/toddwoody/2012/04/19/surfings-toxic-secret/
Vietnamese American Culture
Cultural Phenomena of Vietnamese American Culture
The assessment of a patient can be critical to the nursing process. The culture phenomena that a nurse may face can be critical to a proper diagnosis in many cases as well as the overall quality of care. One of the most fundamental phenomena is communication, which includes language, but also includes social organizations, time, environmental control, and biological variation. These factors represent distinct phenomena that can be identified and various cultural barriers can be mitigated through training. Although each individual may be different, culture is a powerful force in one's life and can predict many individualistic tendencies.
Social Organization
The social organization in the Vietnamese American culture is different from the mainstream culture in several ways. One is example is that Asian-American patients in mainstream mental health systems have greater premature dropout rates, shorter duration of treatment, fewer positive outcomes,…
Works Cited
Fancher, T., Ton, H., Le Meyer, O., Ho, T., & Paternti, D. (2010). Discussing Depression with Vietnamese American Patients. Journal of Immigrant Minority Health, 263-266.
Hongyun, F., & Laudingham, M. (2012). Mental Health Consequences of International Migration for Vietnamese Americans and the Mediating Effects of Physical Health and Social Networks: Results From a Natural Experiment Approach. Demography, 393-424.
Smith, E., & Pham, C. (1996). Doing business in Vietnam: A cultural guide. Business Horizons', 1-47.
Hip Hop and American Youth Culture
Everyone enters a stage of growth when a strong urge to break out of parental dependence, when he recognizes his own person and desires to assert himself. This sense of individuality is an inherent in the American character, especially the youth. Aligned with this restlessness is the restlessness endured for centuries by the Blacks. Their elders may have learned to live with the malignity, although without yielding to it, or have less energy to fight. But African-American youth found a way to vent their revulsion towards the discrimination and abuses to which they are subjected as a race. That discovery happened in the 70s when the hip-hop spirit evolved into a concept and then into music, dance, poetry and many other creative forms of letting the sea of anguish flow out of their soul.
The voice of the young American who seeks individual freedom…
REFERENCES
Aponte, Christian Andres. 2013. "When Hip Hop and Education Converge: a Look into Hip Hop-based Education Programs in the United States and Brazil." Carnegie Mellon
Blanchard, Becky. 1999. "The Impact of Rap and Hip-Hop Music on American Youth." Ethics
Of Development in a Global Environment.
https://web.stanford.edu/class/e297c/poverty_prejudice/mediarace/socialsignificance.htm
Pop Art on Society
During the fifties, America experienced tremendous growth in many aspects of society. As a result, technological advancements led to sophisticated aspects of American life. Media and advertising became mass media and the invention of the television paved the way to a new generation of communication. This was also an era of exploration among generations. Traditional forms of art began to experience growth and "culture" expanded into many sub-cultures.
Some of the trends that surfaced were New York City turning into an "international center for painting and architecture" (Davidson 1147), mass circulation of paperback books, network television suddenly becoming the world's most powerful form of mass communication, and rock and roll becoming the language of youth (Davidson 1147).
The explosion of such artistic expression was greeted with optimism, but mostly with pessimism, "warning against moral decadence and spiritual decline" (1147). On one had, the "highbrow intellectuals" argued…
Works Cited
Davidson, Gienapp, Heyman, Lytle, and Stoff. Nation of Nations. New York: McGraw-Hill Publishing Company, 1990. 17 December 2002.
Metrailler, Edouard. High in Saccharine, Low in (Moral) Fiber. The Harvard Salient. 7 October 1996. http://www.digitas.harvard.edu/~salient/issues/961007/mediocrity.html17 December 2002.
Morse, Margaret. Pop Art. Biddingtons. 17 December 2002. http://www.biddingtons.com/content/pedigreepop.html17 December 2002.
Myers, Ken. What Distinguishes "popular" Cultures From Other Varieties of Culture? Modern Reformation. http://www.modernreformation.org/mr97/janteb/mr9/01distinguishes.html17 December 2002.
Slave Culture
The trans-Atlantic slave trade shackled together persons from disparate cultural and linguistic backgrounds. Forced contact and communion, pervasive physical and psychological abuse, and systematic disenfranchisement became the soil in which a unique subculture would be born. Slave subcultures in the United States were also diverse, depending on geography, the nature of the plantation work, the prevailing political and social landscape of the slave owner culture, and factors like gender and ethnic backgrounds of the slaves. Presence and type of religion in the community also impacted the evolution of slave culture. Common factors that link disparate slave subcultures include religion, music, crafts, food, social norms, and political philosophies. In spite of the tremendous variations in theme and tone of slave cultures, such as those in Maryland, Virginia, Georgia, or the Carolinas, there did emerge some consistencies that draw attention to commonalities. The forced bondage of slavery created the means…
References
"African Diaspora," (n.d.). Retrieved online: http://www2.coloradocollege.edu/Dept/HY/HY243Ruiz/Research/diaspora.html
Chen, A. & Kermeliotis, T. (2012). African slave traditions live on in U.S. CNN World. Dec 10, 2012. Retrieved online: http://www.cnn.com/2012/12/07/world/africa/gullah-geechee-africa-slavery-america/
Sambol-Tosco, K. (2004). Education, arts, and culture. Slavery and the Making of America: Historical Overview. PBS. Retrieved online: http://www.pbs.org/wnet/slavery/experience/education/history.html
"Slave Culture," (n.d.). Retrieved online: http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtid=2&psid=3043
Couse / subject= Drugs Across Cultures. ANT110. Writing Anthropology Essay. Essay question = "Is addiction a cultural category a biological reality?' Needs point view, provide backup resource readings. Also -text citation.
The concept of addiction is one of the most debated topics in the present and many individuals have expressed particular interest in discovering the factors that are probable to make certain groups exposed to substances. Addiction is one of society's most pressing problems and it is essential for individuals to focus on combating it through any means available. In order for society to be able to determine whether addiction is more related to biological factors than it is to cultural factors, one would need to follow patterns and learn more regarding what leads to addiction. The fact that the masses over generalize makes it difficult for researchers to get a better understanding of what addiction is. While addiction can…
Bibliography:
Ahmad, Diana L. "The Opium Debate And Chinese Exclusion Laws In The Nineteenth-Century American West," (University of Nevada Press, 2007)
Choudhury, Suparna and Slaby, Jan, "Critical Neuroscience: A Handbook of the Social and Cultural Contexts of Neuroscience," (John Wiley & Sons, 2011)
Conrad, Peter and Schneider, Joseph, "Deviance and Medicalization: From Badness to Sickness," (Temple University Press, 1992)
Farrell Brodie, Janet and Redfield, Marc, "High Anxieties: Cultural Studies in Addiction," (University of California Press, 2002)
Digital Culture
1
How do information and information sharing impact the digital culture of today’s world?
This question can best be answered by understanding the ways in which today’s digital culture uses information. Grassegger and Krogerus note that Big Data is the big elephant in the digital room: this is the collection of information on every Internet user on the planet, stored and provided so that today’s advertisers can market their organization’s products exclusively to Internet browsers. Those ads that pop up everywhere you go, no matter what type of site you’re on, that seem to know exactly what type of product you’re currently interested in? They know what you’re interested in because your personal browsing habits are being watched are recorded: that’s what Big Data is. And it’s also more than that—because today even your Amazon Fire is watching and listening: your phone is taking note of where you…
Economic, Political, and Social History
African American culture arose out of the turmoil and despair of the trans-Atlantic slave trade. From West African port towns to plantations, African American culture is unique in that it was forged under the pressure of bondage. People with different cultures and languages formed new identities relative to their subordinate social, economic, and political status—their culture therefore being in part defined by the experience of oppression and the determination to overcome it. Bereft of social, political, or economic independence for centuries, African American culture nevertheless emerged as organically as any other, but flourished especially after emancipation.
Yet the economic history of African American culture cannot be divorced from the human capital model of slavery. The Emancipation Proclamation laid the first foundation stones for African American economic, political, and social empowerment but Reconstruction failed to fulfill the objective of genuine liberation (DuBois, 1994). African Americans in…
Being a stranger in a strange land: the feeling of culture shock is both exciting but also unnerving. Even knowing the English language or being familiar with American culture through film and television does not mean we will not encounter culture shock in other ways. The subtle mannerisms and gestures, facial expressions, and other types of nonverbal communication prove complicating even when we know the spoken language. The food and clothing styles will be different, as will the customs, rituals, and realities of daily life. As a Russian studying abroad in the United States, I have experienced many different levels of culture shock. These experiences have made me a stronger person, contributing to the value of my international education. While Russians and Americans share in common a strong sense of individuality and national pride, I have experienced culture shock in terms of communication, lifestyle, and customs.
One of the most…
Stuart Hall/EVISED
According to Stuart Hall, culture is about shared meanings; language is the medium through which meaning is produced and exchanged (Hall, 2003, p. 1). In linking language to identity and culture, Hall uses the word "culture" in an anthropological sense, meaning to distinguish groups of people, whether they belong to a community, nation or social group, by their shared values. The shared values are manifest in literature, art, music and philosophy of the culture. The shared values shape customs and the very fabric of human life, ultimately influencing everything people do. Some shared values are seen in different cultures, while there are a few groups, often in relatively isolated regions of the globe, that have unique values unto themselves, producing customs, practices and beliefs that seem strange to the rest of the world. As Hall puts it, saying that two people belong to the same culture is to…
References
Benmoktar, A 2009, 'More than Words: Arab Body Language', Love Habibi, [blog] July 2, 2009,
Available at: http://www.lovehabibi.com/blog/2009/07/02/more-than-words-arab-body-language / [Accessed: March 17, 2012]
Hall, S, ed. 2003. Representation: Cultural representations and signifying practices.
Sage Publications, London.
The issue of Third Culture Kids (TCK) is one that can no longer be wished away. It is a phenomenon that has been in existence for decades now and generations are embroiled in the TCK issue as their preceding generation. The TCK are often referred to as people who have been raised in a culture other than that of their parents or the culture of the country mentioned in their passports.
The growing number of TCKs is occasioned by a myriad of reasons in the different parts of the world where these individuals live. The most common cause of TCK is the occupational commitment, where the type of jobs that most people do keep them away from their own homes and culture and situate them for years in different cultures. Some could be having business abroad, be in long term government appointments and other jobs that keep them away from…
Their main arguments are based on historical assumptions and on facts which have represented turning points for the evolution of the African-American society throughout the decades, and especially during the evolutionary War and the Civil War. In this regard, the Old Negro, and the one considered to be the traditional presence in the Harlem, is the result of history, and not of recent or contemporary events.
From the point-of-view of historical preconceptions and stereotypes, it would unwise to consider Harlem as being indeed a cancer in the heart of a city, taking into account the fact that there is no objective comparison being made. Locke points out the fact that the Negro of today be seen through other than the dusty spectacles of past controversy. The day of "aunties," "uncles" and "mammies" is equally gone. Uncle Tom and Sambo have passed on, and even the "Colonel" and "George" play barnstorm…
References
Anderson, Karen Tucker. "Last Hired, First Fired: Black Women Workers during World War II" in the Journal of American History, Vol. 69, No. 1. (Jun., 1982), pp. 82-97.
Barnes, Albert C. Negro Art and America. (accessed 2 December 2007) http://etext.virginia.edu/harlem/BarNegrF.html
Brown, Claude. Manchild in the Promised Land. New York: Touchstone, 1999.
Charles S. Johnson. Black Workers and the City. (accessed 2 December 2007) http://etext.virginia.edu/harlem/JohWorkF.html
S. today are called African-Americans or Afro-Americans. As Africans had been brought into the U.S. they had been deprived by their traditions, being forced to integrate in the larger, more complex community. In spite of the slave owners and traders' efforts to break them completely from their culture, during their first years on American land, the blacks managed to keep most of their traditions. However, as time passed, black traditions changed into American traditions and African people became Americans.
Black people in Texas have a very rich history and as they've managed to become independent as a minority, their culture has also been revived. Moreover, the black community in Texas has contributed to the Texan history as it has also contributed to the birth of several important Texans.
A large part of the Hispanics residents of the U.S. inhabit the state of Texas and their number has visibly grown during…
Works Cited
Clutter, a.W., Nieto, R.D. Understanding the Hispanic Culture. Retrieved February 4, 2009 from the Ohio State University Web site: http://ohioline.osu.edu/hyg-fact/5000/5237.html
Glasrud, a. B, & Smallwood, J. (2007). The African-American Experience in Texas: An Anthology. Texas Tech University Press.
1994-1995). Black-Texans. Retrieved February 4, 2009 from Texas Almanac Web site: http://www.texasalmanac.com/culture/groups/black.html
2000). The Spanish, Mexicans, Tejano. Retrieved February 4, 2009 from UTSA's Institute of Texan cultures Web site: http://www.texancultures.utsa.edu/publications/texansoneandall/tejano.htm
Culture & Marketing in Turkey
Turkey & Culture
Author's note with contact information and more details on collegiate affiliation, etc.
Culture & Marketing in Turkey
Culture is a critical aspect of successful marketing strategies. Marketing firms must perform diligent and thorough research on their prospective consumers for several reasons. Culture is a key factor in determining tastes, aesthetic preferences, behavior, values, and perspectives on other cultures, among other things. As such, it is the responsibility of any marketing department to know the culture to which they intend to market products for consumption. This holds true in any location, though the focus of this paper will be upon the country of Turkey. Turkey is a country that is part of both Europe and Asia, and this trait alone can provide some insight as to the complexity and richness of the culture. This paper will examine the impact of culture on multinational…
References:
Cavusgil, S Tamer, Civi, E., Tutek, H.H., Dalgic, T. (2003) "Doing Business in Turkey." Thunderbird International Business Review, 45(4), 467 -- 479.
Hollis, N. (2009) "Culture Clash: Globalization Does Not Imply Homogenization." Millard Brown: POV, 1 -- 4.
The children also rent decorated bikes to ride around town on for the holiday. It is a time for families to get together and celebrate with food and music and fellowship.
For a lot of families from working neighborhoods, Eid celebration also includes picnics in green areas including parks, zoos, botanical gardens and even green islands on major roads (Osama, 2004)."
Islam
Most of Egypt is Islam. Like Christians, the Islam followers trace their roots to Abraham and believe in one God who is universal. In Islam God is referred to as ALLAH which means One Universal God.
The Quran is the final revealed Word of God and provides the complete guide for human behavior. Its text was revealed directly to the prophet Muhammad between 610 and 632 C.E. Muhammad is revered by Muslims as the last of God's prophets but is not worshipped (Ahmad, 2005)."
Men and women are…
References
Ahmad, Seemi (2005)Islam in a Nutshell
http://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/islam.htm
Carta, Joyce (2004) Egyptian Food
The cultural practices are evolved and based on the financial, social and moral understanding and capabilities of the local population, and it has been observed that Americans, Asians and Africans share extremely different perspectives and understanding on these issues, therefore the cultural adoption has been intense in countries where the technological revolution has been of the same intensity as in North America (Zelli, 1993). In some of the cases, the Americans companies has attempted to nullify the concerns and shortcomings of the American culture, by incorporating the cultural values of the local region, and has therefore evolve a different taste for the customers to avail, this has further delighted and fascinated the local population of different regions towards the American culture, for example the American culture has major differences with the Islamic culture adopted in Arab countries, therefore to compensate for such difference the American companies introduced the concept of…
References
David W. Noble. Death of a Nation: American Culture and the End of Exceptional-ism. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. 2002
Tafarodi R., Swann W. Individualism-collectivism and global self-esteem: Evidence for a cultural trade-off. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology. 1996
Trubisky P, Ting Toomey S, Lin S. The influence of individualism collectivism and self-monitoring on conflict styles. International Journal of Intercultural Relations. 1991
Huesmann, Zelli, Fraczek, Upmeyer. Normative attitudes about aggression in American, German and Polish college students. Presented at Third European Congress of Psychology. Tampere, Finland. 1993
Minority Culture in South Dakota
Lifestyles, Values and the Economy of Hispanic-Americans and Indian-Americans in South Dakota
The history of the minority groups in the U.S.A. dates back to historical times in the 1800 and their growth has been somehow stable in USA. It is undisputable that the treatment of the minority groups and the Native Americans and the African-Americans ran out of the borders of the tolerance and freedom. It is however notable that the U.S.A. has all through welcomed huge numbers of diverse immigrants and accommodated them as any other born American. It is no longer viable to ignore the issue of the minority groups in each state since even at the national grid, as U.S. Department of State (2006) indicates, the minority groups have played a significant part in all sectors. For instance Hispanics accounted for nearly half of the U.S.A. population increase between July 1, 2004…
References
Ann W.C. & Ruben D.N., (2011). Understanding the Hispanic Culture. Retrieved May 22,
2011 from http://ohioline.osu.edu/hyg-fact/5000/5237.html
Bloomberg L.P., (2011). South Dakota Grows as Minority Population Surges, Census Finds.
Retrieved May 22, 2011 from http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-02-17/south-dakota-grows-as-minority-population-surges-census-finds.html
Behrman holds that it was weak political institutionalization rather than a weak civil society that shackled Weimar Germany.
Unfortunately, many scholars of democracy theory and proponents of democratic culture have approached the Weimar Republic already holding the assumption that a democratic culture is necessary for a functioning democracy. With this assumption in place, they then debate whether Weimar Germany really possessed a "democratic culture." A democratic culture is often taken to entail Toqueville's "associationism," a vibrant public sphere, formal outlets for political dissent, and informed political debate. Such inquiries have provided little insight into the nature of healthy democracies because they are based on a faulty assumption, that culture is a condition or even a determinant in the formation of a society's political structure.
As Berman observed, passionate civic engagement among a nation's citizens, without an adequate institutional foundation to channel such passion, can actually be averse to functional democracy.…
Kings Daughter
The culture and environment of any workplace is extremely important. We are indeed products of our surroundings and we should expect to reflect this nature. The purpose of this essay is to explore the organizational structure and cultural of the King's Daughter Health System. The essay will examine how the organizational structure contributes to the quality of care within the system and also identify how culture, and specifically generational differences also impact the inner workings of this area.
Organizational Structure
There are essentially three types of general organizational structure that almost all work place systems are based upon. These include the functional structure, the divisional structure and the matrix structure. A functional structure is designed so that each are of the organization is organized according to its specific objectives and goals. A divisional structure is used in large companies that have their resources spread out over a large…
References
Kings Daughter Health System Organizational Chart.
Ponte, P. et al. (2003). Making Patient-centered Care Come Alive. JONA, 33(2), 2003:82-90. Retrieved from http://www.dana-farber.org/uploadedFiles/Library/adult-care/new - patient-guide/patient-safety-and-advocacy/advisory-council/patient-and-family- care/making-patient-centered-care-come-alive.pdf
North America into Sub-Regions
By total area, the United States is the world's third largest country, with landscape that varies from temperate forestland and rolling hills on the East coast, mangrove in Florida, the Great Plains in the center of the country, the Mississippi and Missouri river system, the Great Lakes which are shared with Canada, the Rocky Mountains west of the plains, the deserts and temperate coastal zones west of the Rocky Mountains, the temperate rain forests in the Pacific Northwest, and the tundra of Alaska (United). Canada, the second largest country in the world, occupies the northern half of the North American continent, and is divided into six regions, the Pacific Coast, the Interior Plains, the Canadian Shield, the St. Lawrence Lowlands, the Appalachian Region, and the Arctic Lowlands (Geographic). The majority of the regions of both countries tend to correspond with one another. Aside from the South…
Work Cited
Canadian Shield. Retrieved November 05, 2005 from:
http://talmud.epsb.ca/regions/north/lz/csi/csi.html
Exterior Form of North America. Retrieved November 05, 2005 from:
For fundamentalists, law and authority come from God.
This is true not only in formally theocratic societies, like Iran, but can also be seen expressed in the views of fundamentalist U.S. Christians, who have an obsession with having the Ten Commandments displayed outside of secular buildings, advocate school prayer and the need for laws to be justified by Judeo-Christian values.
Female sexuality must be contained; boundaries must be established between men and women.
The female body is an obsession: hence the obsession with women staying home and not working in fundamentalist Christian circles, as well as the extreme control of women by the Taliban in Afghanistan.
Sexual behavior is a major concern of all fundamentalists
Opposing gay marriage, abortion rights, sexual education unite almost all fundamentalist groups.
Fundamentalism and nationalism converge.
"The moral life according to the will of God can only be fully lived in a society of fellow-practitioners…
Business Culture Decision Making
Every research is centered on the need to make a decision and the need to make a decision in any organization sprouts from a dilemma that the particular organization may be in. Some of these dilemmas may be in the form of complains within the organization, controversy over pay, competitors introduction of a new form of operation or technology, some looming major commitment of resources and more of such issues can effectively prompt a research in an organization. | https://www.paperdue.com/topic/subculture-essays |
New Delhi,
Whatfix, the leader in Digital Adoption Solutions (“DAS”), announced it will be hosting an exclusive day of panel discussions and insightful sessions at its virtual Digital Adoption Day event, the company’s second virtual conference on digital adoption. The one-day event will take place on Wednesday, November 18, from 9:00 p.m. to 2:30 a.m. Indian Standard Time (IST) with a stellar lineup of 20 thought leaders and experts in the digital adoption and learning and development (L&D) space.
Earlier this year, Whatfix held the industry’s first ever Digital Adoption Summit, which featured 41 speakers in three days. On November 18, Whatfix will bring together more valuable sessions and interactive panel discussions in a single day where experts will discuss how to drive digital transformation and enterprise technology adoption. Attendees will gain insights on digital adoption strategies, how to ensure adoption of technology in-house, and remotely onboarding employees and how to ensure employee learning and training.
“The adoption of enterprise technology in-house has never been more important as organizations across the world continue to have their employees work from home,” said Khadim Batti, CEO and co-founder of Whatfix. “We’re excited to bring together the best thought leaders in the industry again to share their experience and expertise on how to successfully implement new technologies and train their employees to adopt them.”
Whatfix’s Digital Adoption Day will connect attendees with global Chief Learning Officers (CLOs) and L&D thought leaders who have shaped the L&D ecosystems at top organizations like Cognizant, LinkedIn Learning, Merck, Snapchat, and Schlumberger among others.
Key Sessions Include:
● Keynote Session: The Digital Adoption Playbook - Whatfix CEO and co-founder, Khadim Batti, Whatfix CPTO and co-founder, Vara Kumar will join Everest Group VP, Anil Vijayan, to discuss the first edition of the Digital Adoption Platform Playbook, which will unveil insights on the role of DAP in digital journeys and strategies to help enterprises improve outcomes from their DAP investments.
○ Date: Wednesday, Nov. 18 from 9:00 p.m.-9:45 p.m. IST
● CLO Panel: Battling Resistance to Change in Organizations - Whatfix SVP, Vispi Daver will host and moderate an interactive panel discussion with Dr. Britt Andreatta, CEO, 7th Mind Inc (Former CLO, LinkedIn Learning), Shannon Tipton, CLO, Learning Rebels, Stefaan van Hooydonk, Founder of the Global Curiosity Institute (Former CLO, Cognizant) on the much intriguing topic of ‘Battling resistance to change in organizations.’ The CLOs bring their vast experience in global enterprises to share ideas on the different innovations and ideas that have worked for them for smoother change management.
○ Date: Wednesday, Nov. 18 from 1:00 a.m.-1:45 a.m. IST
● Building an Employee First Digital Adoption Process - Whatfix Director of Global Sales, Prakhar Jain will host and moderate an interactive panel discussion with Jeff Lowndes, Sales Onboarding and Enablement Program Manager at Snap, Inc, and Mike Taylor, Learning Consultant at Change 4 Growth to discuss the rise in the importance of creating employee centric digital experiences and how organizations can ensure effective technology adoption. | https://www.internationalnewsandviews.com/digital-adoption-day-brings-together-the-industry%E2%80%99s-finest-for-a-single-day-on-november-18/ |
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First Assistant District Attorney of Montgomery County and Penn State Alumni Association Vice President Kevin Steele speaks to the audience at the "Making a Difference Every Day, Preventing Child Abuse Begins with You" awareness event on April 23.
Image: Jonathan F. McVerry
Prevent Child Abuse America president says ‘prevention is possible’
Jonathan McVerry
April 28, 2014
Prevent Child Abuse America president says ‘prevention is possible’
UNIVERSITY PARK, Pa. — Most people know that child abuse is a major issue in the United States, but according to Prevent Child Abuse America CEO and President James Hmurovich, there is no clearly defined, shared vision that everyone can work toward. However, he said, that vision could be as simple as ensuring that “every child lives a happy and healthy life.”
More than 175 people gathered on April 23 in the HUB Auditorium to hear Hmurovich share his national perspective on this complex issue. He talked about what Prevent Child Abuse America — with chapters in all 50 states — is doing to help the general public understand that child abuse prevention goes beyond universities, youth centers and law offices.
“Every child is our child,” he said. “We must connect the dots for the American public. It’s a community issue and a national issue.”
A panel of experts and advocates joined Hmurovich on stage and provided the audience with a wealth of information from a variety of perspectives. As a part of National Child Abuse Prevention Month, the event, titled “Making a Difference Every Day, Preventing Child Abuse Begins with You,” was an opportunity for the campus and local communities to reaffirm their commitment to building awareness and safe environments for children.
“One of the biggest challenges is breaking the silence. This is an everyday issue and not just on the news.”
— Cristina Fernandez, president of
student group One Heart
Hmurovich said his organization has made a concerted effort to focus on prevention and highlighted a few strategies, including home visitations and parent education and support. He said most agree prevention is important, but few have a clear definition.
“To us, prevention is that the abuse never happens,” Hmurovich said. “If we emphasize the services and programs that have an evidence base behind them, we can have a life-long impact on child development.”
Hmurovich said he believes prevention is possible, but every individual must act. He pointed to research that found abused children have a high likelihood of becoming abusers later in life.
“If you think (abuse) happens in a family and it stays there, you’re wrong,” Hmurovich said. “We all have a role … but there’s a big gap between what we know and what we’re doing. We need to engage people in the solutions.”
The panel of student, faculty, community and state leaders shared their prevention efforts with the audience. Panelists included Centre County Judge Bradley Lunsford; First Assistant District Attorney of Montgomery County and Penn State Alumni Association Vice President Kevin Steele; president of the student group One Heart Cristina Fernandez; Penn State Youth Programs Compliance Specialist Sandra Weaver; and Penn State’s Network on Child Protection and Well-Being Director of Research and Education and Professor of Human Development and Family Studies Jennie Noll.
Noll said that there are 1.2 million substantiated cases of child abuse and neglect in the United States every year.
“How come we don’t all know that?” she asked the crowd. “Most would agree that there isn’t (anything) much more stressful than sexual abuse … and it’s a kind of stress that never goes away.”
Noll spoke about the Network on Child Protection and Well-Being’s many efforts in combating child maltreatment. The Network’s mission is to produce new knowledge about the issue and design approaches to prevent, detect and treat children who have experienced abuse.
Weaver talked about youth programs at all of the University’s campuses and the importance of training for faculty and staff — not just the ones who work with kids. Programs include sports and academic camps, as well as 4-H. She said about 150,000 minors partake in Penn State youth programs every year.
“Compare that total to the 84,000 undergraduates at Penn State, you get the idea of how many children we work with on our campuses,” Weaver said. “We have so many wonderful things going on. It’s important to train everybody.”
Representing the community, Lunsford spoke about the effectiveness of programs like the Stewards of Children training. He said it taught him how important it was to promote child abuse prevention and generate awareness through evidence-based training.
“I went in thinking, ‘What can they teach me?’ ” he said. “I walked out of the training humbled.”
Lunsford was a strong proponent of the Children’s Advocacy Center of Centre County, which opened in February. He said after taking part in Stewards of Children, he wanted a “gold-standard, state-of-the-art children’s advocacy center” in Centre County.
Fernandez, a junior majoring in actuary science, shared the many year-round initiatives organized by One Heart and other student groups.
“One of the biggest challenges is breaking the silence,” she said. “This is an everyday issue and not just on the news.”
One Heart has trained 70 students through the Stewards of Children program and raised approximately $150,000 at the annual Blue-Out football games.
“We don’t do it because we feel like we should,” Fernandez said. “It’s a necessity and we have the power to decide whether (abuse) will end or not.”
Hmurovich concluded the event by saying how impressed he was by the efforts of Penn State, its students and the community.
“I think there are a lot of lessons that I’ve learned (here),” he said. It is a model that everyone should practice throughout the country, he added.
The event was sponsored by the University Park Undergraduate Association and the Network for Child Protection and Well-Being, along with Penn State student organizations including One Heart and Walk for Prevention; Penn State's Offices of Student Affairs, Human Resources, and Ethics and Compliance; and community organizations including the Children’s Advocacy Center of Centre County, Centre County Youth Service Bureau, Centre County Women’s Resource Center, YMCA of Centre County and the Pennsylvania Coalition Against Rape (PCAR).
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In a bid to support the 2.5 million millennial farmers program initiated by Ministry of Agriculture, Special Staffer to the President Billy Mambrasar had a meeting with the Petani Muda Keren (Cool Young Farmers/PMK) community in Gobleg Village, Buleleng Regency, Bali Province, Monday (30/11/). This program aims at supporting national food security.
According to the Presidential Staffer, he was tasked to attract the youth to becoming farmers and to directly communicate with farmer communities in the country regarding assistance that could be provided by the Government.
“We have visited more than 15 provinces across the country. My team and I met with millennial farmers in order to inspect and identify the obstacles they face as well as the vision they expect to accomplish,” he said.
Information from the farmers, Billy said, will be forwarded to Minister of Agriculture Syahrul Yasin Limpo. The Minister gave him a target to generate 100 thousand millennial farmers. Therefore, the PMK community is expected to give contribution by providing data and creating programs for the youth around the Gobleg village and throughout Bali province.
Billy went on to say that young farmers can be classified into four categories. The categories including farmers who work in the field, farmers who become a middleman that bridges the gap between farms and markets, farmers who utilize modern technology, such as the Internet of things (IoT), and farmers who carry out export-import activities. On that occasion, he also invited 30 young farmers to collaborate and cooperate with the Government.
“This is the moment to cooperate. Minister of Agriculture and the President have given their support. However, there are still other ministries and institutions that must be approached,” he said.
At the end of the meeting, Billy told the PMK community not to hesitate to propose several programs that could support their agriculture.
In the meantime, Chairman of the PMK Bali Community who is also the initiator of the community, Agung Wedha, expressed his appreciation for the visit of the Presidential Staffer. He said that the visit could raise the spirit of young farmers.
“We hope this synergy will help us to connect the dots among the ministry and other stakeholders,” Agung said.
He also expressed hope that the PMK community, that has more than 300 members, can encourage more young people into farming and motivate many farmers to be proud of being farmers so they can make the island of Bali prosperous.
The PMK community is part of the Young Farmers Forum in Bali. Its farming concept is integrated agriculture, holistic agriculture from upstream to downstream. According to Agung, the PMK community has a concept of culture-based agriculture, instead of agribusiness. A culture that was born from agriculture, and tourism as a bonus.
The vision of the PMK community is to produce organic products, encourage farmers to live a healthy life, and build sustainable businesses. By adopting small-scale integrated farming, it aims to pursue the quality, continuity, and quantity of agricultural products. | https://setkab.go.id/en/presidential-staffer-billy-mambrasar-meets-with-young-farmers-community-in-bali/ |
General Research: Dr. Arnold’s research focuses on new drug development and alternative and complementary treatments for autism and ADHD. His research includes aromatic essential oil therapy for autism spectrum disorder, omega-3 fatty acids for mood disorders, neurofeedback for ADHD, nutrition and mental health, and clinical trials.
Clinical Interests: Aromatic essential oil therapy and autism spectrum disorder, omega-3 fatty acids and mood disorders, neurofeedback and ADHD, nutrition and mental health, clinical trials, new drug development, alternative and complementary treatments. | https://wexnermedical.osu.edu/neurological-institute/researchers/eugene-arnold-md-med |
19 Feb FROZEN SHOULDER
The shoulder is the most mobile joint in the body, made up of bones, ligaments and tendons encased in a capsule of fibrous connective tissue.
Frozen shoulder, medically referred to as Adhesive Capsulitis, occurs when this capsule becomes thickened and inflamed and tightens around the shoulder joint, causing pain and stiffness in the shoulder. The condition may be debilitating, causing severe pain and restricting movement of the shoulder.
While the exact cause of a frozen shoulder is unclear, trauma or injury that keeps the shoulder is immobilized for a prolonged period puts one at higher risk (e.g. recovering from surgery, a broken or fractured arm; stroke; etc.)
Patients who have certain systemic diseases appear to be at higher risk of developing frozen shoulder. These include diabetes, hyper or hypothyroidism, tuberculosis, Parkinson’s or cardiovascular disease.
Restricted mobility of the shoulder is the key indicator, hindering daily activity such as driving, dressing, playing sport, lifting of and reaching for items. Patients may also experience a burning or prickling sensation, intense pain and inflammation of the shoulder joint. Given that the pain typically worsens during periods of inactivity, patients may struggle to get a good night’s sleep.
There are three stages of frozen shoulder, namely:
The “Freezing” stage – Movement of the shoulder will cause pain and the shoulder’s range of motion will start to become limited. These symptoms worsen over time.
The “Frozen” stage. while pain may start to diminish during this stage, the stiffness and limitations in movement remain, often becoming worse.
The “Thawing” stage – pain and stiffness gradually subsides and the restoration of one’s normal range of movement begins.
A number of other conditions (such as rotator cuff injury, osteo or rheumatoid arthritis, tendonitis of the biceps tendon, etc.) present similar symptoms to that of a frozen shoulder so it is important to get the correct diagnosis from the outset. Early diagnosis and the development of a treatment plan may prevent the frozen shoulder from moving from the painful freezing stage (stage 1) to the restrictive frozen stage (stage 2).
TREATMENT
The treatment of a frozen shoulder is focused on relieving pain, improving range of motion, and enabling the patient to regain strength and mobility.
An osteopathic approach is often effective and involves manipulation and inhibition of the pressure points that surround the affected shoulder to decrease muscle tone, improve blood flow to the affected area, reduce pain and reduce inflammation. The amount of pressure applied will vary, depending on the severity of each individual case. Treatment is likely to extend beyond the shoulder joint to other parts of the body such as the neck, mid back and arms, as the underlying cause of the pain may lie outside the localised area of pain.
Specific stretching and strengthening exercises may be prescribed to increase range of movement, improve scapular thoracic movement, and reduce pain to the affected area. The patient’s will likely be advised on the importance of maintaining correct posture and other necessary lifestyle adjustments to lower the risk of future recurrence.
A shoulder specialist in Camberley can help resolve your frozen shoulder issues. We are also available in Frimley & Guildford. Improve your quality of life today. | https://osteovision.life/frozen-shoulder/ |
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U.S. CUSTOMS & BORDER PROTECTION, FDA AND DEPT. OF COMMERCE CENSUS UPDATE WMTA NOV. 19, 2011
C-TPAT UPDATE Details of C-TPAT Portal's New "Adjusted" Validation Scorecard, Etc. • U.S. Customs and Border Protection recently posted information on improvements to the C-TPAT Portal (Release 65 - Adjusted Scorecard Post Response) that deployed on November 12, 2011. Among other things, this release includes a new "Adjusted Scorecard" that provides points to C-TPAT participants that implement required actions or recommendations during the response period for CBP's Validation Report.
C-TPAT (A C-TPAT validation is a process through which the CBP C-TPAT program officials meet with Partner company representatives and visit selected domestic and foreign sites to verify supply chain security processes and procedures that a company voluntarily agrees to verify or perform under the auspices of the C-TPAT program. Validation visit findings are documented in a Validation report (which includes the Validation Scorecard) and is forwarded to the C-TPAT participant. If significant supply chain security weaknesses are found that are not corrected during the Validation report’s 90-day response period, a participant’s C-TPAT benefits may be suspended.
FDA PREDICT PROGRAM FDA - PREDICT Program Starts at Southern Ports of Entry (Predictive Risk Risk-based Evaluation for Dynamic Import Compliance) • The Food and Drug Administration is in the mist of rolling out the PREDICT system (Predictive Risk Risk-based Evaluation for Dynamic Import Compliance) all along the southern border between November & December 2011, and fully implemented by the end of 2011 in the entire USA for Human Foods, House wares and Food related goods, Cosmetics, Medical Devices and Drugs it will be phased in during 2012. • PREDICT went live: on 11/1/11 at the Nogales, San Luis ports of entry, 11/08/2011 in Calexico, Otay Mesa on 11/14/2011, El Paso and Laredo by the end of November with the ALL of SWID ports by 12/6/11! • The purpose of this program is to segment risk of commodities regulated by FDA and establish intelligent screening for Import activity.
FDA PREDICT continued The screening will be based on the following categories: • Importer of Record • Exporter and or Shipper • Commodity • Industry A combined score per say will be derived based on data being provided at the time of entry to keep track of the accuracy of the data and constancy of what is filed with FDA and actually recorded with FDA. PREDICT facilitates the processing of entries by measuring the quality of data being provided to the filers (brokers) then to FDA.
FDA PREDICT continued What FDA has encountered with the use of PREDICT is that the time of processing and reviewing entries is far more efficient, effective and expeditious where the number of MAY PROCEEDS have increased. Thereby allowing FDA to focus on the entries that require more effort and time to verify data accuracy and completeness. • FDA personnel are currently being trained on the new entry review system. Due to the nature of the new system, expect some delays as personnel become more acquainted on the new system. • It will become more imperative for Import Filers to input all the necessary data required to avoid any further delays. • This is the link to the detailed information and video from FDA on PREDICT and the rest of the presentations that FDA is utilizing to train the FDA officers and sharing with the importing community. http://www.fda.gov/ForIndustry/ImportProgram/ucm172743.htm#.Tqs8gVX6IQ8.email
FDA PREDICT continued • PREDICT assists FDA in expediting the clearance of lower-risk cargo if accurate and complete data are provided by importers and entry filers. FDA Import Operations would like to stress the importance of providing the correct information in the electronic transmission of entries in order to reduce delays. • As a rule, each entry must stand on its own regardless of the history of similar entries. Entries that do not contain the correct information will be forwarded to manual reviewers. If documents are requested, it is often due to a deficiency in the transmitted information. Predict matches the affirmations of compliance with the product code provided so it is imperative that the correct product codes be used. • When corrections need to be made on electronic entries, PREDICT scores for the importer and brokerage firms will both increase. Higher PREDICT scores can result in entries being held, manually reviewed, and examined. To expedite the entry review process, please ensure that the most valid, up-to-date, and correct information is provided with each line of their entry.
FDA PREDICT Checklist to ensure that the correct and adequate documents are provided. • The entry contains goods of US origin. • The documents provide a reason why the US goods are being returned. -A statement of intended use addressed to FDA Investigator and signed/dated by the Cnee/Importer is included. It answers what the product is and how it will be used. -There are brochures and labeling of the [final] product(s) within the documents. • The entry contains devices. • The necessary device listing and registration numbers have been verified and are included. (See AofC codes for Medical Device and Radiation Emitting Products) • The entry contains radiation emitting devices. • There is a signed FDA form 2877 noting the AWB/Entry # and Accession Number. • The entry contains OTC drugs. • The necessary drug registration numbers have been verified and included (NDC). • The entry contains Rx drugs. • The necessary drug registration numbers have been verified and are included. (NCD + NDA/ANDA or IND). • The entry contains canned food products. • The documents contain unit packaging information and net weight. • The documents contain FCE and SID# with can dimensions expressed in whole inches and any fractions expressed in 16ths of an inch (not decimals).
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE BUREAU OF THE CENSUS / EXPORT You Must Comply with the Foreign Trade Regulations • How does the Foreign Trade Regulations (FTR) affect your export business? • It is imperative that you understand the FTR so you can avoid possible penalties and seizure of your export shipments. | https://www.slideserve.com/isanne/u-s-customs-border-protection-fda-and-dept-of-commerce-census-update |
International Paris Air Show
The Paris Air Show is the world's oldest and largest air show. The Paris Air Show traces its history back to the first decade of the 20th century. Established in 1909, it is currently held every two years at Le Bourget Airport in north Paris, France.
The Paris Air Show is organized by Salon International de l'Aeronautique et de l'Espace (SIAE), a subsidiary of Groupement des Industries Françaises Aéronautiques et Spatiales (GIFAS). It is a primarily commercial event, with its main purpose being to demonstrate military and civilian aircraft to potential customers. It is widely considered the most prestigious aircraft exposition in the world. Traditionally, major aircraft sales contracts are announced by manufacturers during the show. All major international manufacturers, as well as representatives of the military forces of several countries, attend the Paris Air Show.
Since it began, the show has been at the very heart of the development of the global aviation and space industry. Over the years, it has become the industry's key networking event.
The last International Paris Air Show at Le Bourget broke all previous records in terms of numbers, with 2,113 international exhibitors, 355,000 visitors, 290 professional delegations and 150 aircraft present.
The show brings together all the industry's players across the globe to showcase the latest technological innovations. The first 4 days of the Show, exclusively for trade visitors, are followed by 3 days for the general public. In addition to industrial visitors, during the closing days of the salon, the show welcomes a large number of visitors from the general public, when admission is not limited to visitors with industry affiliations.
The International Paris Air Show- Le Bourget is a special time for every business, an opportunity in the space of one week to meet all the main industry players, seize new business opportunities, present expertise and innovations to the world and forge technology partnerships.
When you exhibit at the International Paris Air Show- Le Bourget you are quite simply participating in the industry's most outstanding international event, the most fascinating industry forum bringing together players from both the manufacturing and the user side.
Location:
Paris, France
Click here to read more on France (the hosting country).
Sources:
Official website:
http://www.paris-air-show.com/
Other resources: | http://expochart.com/expo-zone/aviation,-military-and-defense/item/190-salon-international-de-l%E2%80%99a%C3%A9ronautique-et-de-l%E2%80%99espace |
This NativePath content is medically reviewed or fact-checked to ensure factually accurate information.
With strict editorial sourcing guidelines, we only link to academic research institutions, reputable media sites, and, when research is available, medically peer-reviewed studies. Note that the numbers in parentheses (1, 2, etc.) are clickable links to these studies.
The information in our articles is NOT intended to replace that of a qualified healthcare professional and is not intended as medical advice.
Spiced Keto Coffee
Ingredients
- 1 cup strong coffee
- ¼ tsp. ground cloves
- ¼ tsp. cinnamon
- ½ tsp. almond extract
- Add Stevia to taste
- 1 scoop Butter Pecan Creamer
Directions
1. Add all ingredients to mug.
2. Stir and enjoy warm.
Medical Disclaimer
This content is for informational and educational purposes only. It is not intended to provide medical advice or to take the place of such advice or treatment from a personal physician. All readers/viewers of this content are advised to consult their doctors or qualified health professionals regarding specific health questions. Neither Dr. Chad Walding nor the publisher of this content takes responsibility for possible health consequences of any person or persons reading or following the information in this educational content. All viewers of this content, especially those taking prescription or over-the-counter medications, should consult their physicians before beginning any nutrition, supplement, or lifestyle program. | https://www.nativepath.com/blogs/collagen-creamer/spiced-keto-coffee |
“We the People” Simulated Congressional Hearings
Towards the end of every school year, Howard County State’s Attorney Rich Gibson, along with prosecutors and other staff, participate as judges in the Howard County Public School System’s annual elementary school social studies program, “We the People” Simulated Congressional Hearings. The hearings are the capstone for the fifth-grade social studies curriculum in which students study American historical, political and constitutional issues. During the mock hearings, students testify, as expert witnesses, to demonstrate their understanding of the United States Constitution and The Bill of Rights. Students are judged by a panel comprised of public officials, community representatives, constitutional scholars, parents, and state and local curriculum experts who sit as a congressional committee holding public hearings within each participating school.
Mock Trial Program
Every year, more than 150 Maryland high schools from 20 Maryland jurisdictions register to compete in the MYLaw High School Mock Trial Competition. Volunteer attorneys and judges preside over more than 400 enactments each year. Two to three thousand Maryland youth learn about the law, our courts, and critical life skills that prepare them for their futures. Acting as attorneys and witnesses in either a civil or criminal trial, students portray defense or plaintiff/prosecution and are scored on their performances by volunteer judges. The weeks- long competition involves several trials from January through March. The high school with the best record at the conclusion of the competition then advances to the regional competition, and then often to the statewide competition.
Many of the attorneys from our office volunteer their time to help coordinate the competition, mentor and assist the students in preparation for the competition, assist as scorekeepers and preside over the trials as judges. State’s Attorney Richard Gibson presided over mock trials during the 2021-2022 competition season as well as Deputy State’s Attorney Josh Felsen and other Assistant State’s Attorneys including Jennifer Ritter, Maurice Frazier, Bradley Bloodworth, Katherine Bagley, Natasha Blount and Natasha Byus. (Header image: Mock Trial Program in 2019)
Guest Speakers in Our Community
Representatives from the Howard County State’s Attorney’s Office are delighted to speak to your school, community association or organization. Please fill out the form below to arrange for a speaker to attend your upcoming event: | https://howardcountysao.org/community-outreach/hcpss-partnerships/ |
Introduction
============
In China, we are facing a rapidly increasing aging population, and this contributes to a gradual increase in the incidence of cerebral vascular diseases. Currently, the etiology and relevant mechanism of small vessel disease (SVD) remains unclear. In clinical practice, the treatment of small vessel is in need of improvement, especially those that could not be correctly diagnosed during imagology. Consequently, it often leads to a delay in treatment and increases the risk for patients. This condition may lead to transient ischemic attack (TIA), cerebral hemorrhage, infarction, vascular cognitive impairment, affective and gait disorder, or even decreased general functions ([@b1-etm-0-0-4583]). Therefore, early intervention and prophylaxis of SVD are considered to be significant parameters for the prognosis of the disease ([@b2-etm-0-0-4583]).
Generally, TIA refers to transient insufficiency of blood supply occuring in the carotid artery or vertebro-basilar arterial system, causing local cerebral ischemia, and a sudden, transient and reversible neurological dysfunction ([@b3-etm-0-0-4583]). This can only last for several minutes from onset and can disappear after approximately 30 min. However, if the duration is over 2 h, the patient may suffer from mild neurologic impairment, and CT and MRI imaging results show the signs of cerebral ischemia. TIA is frequently observed in individuals aged 34--65 years, and those above 65 years account for 25.3%, with male patients surpassing the female ones ([@b4-etm-0-0-4583]). The onset of TIA is usually short, and mostly caused by altering the supine position, excessive exercise, or sudden rotation or extension of neck ([@b3-etm-0-0-4583],[@b4-etm-0-0-4583]).
In this study, we investigated the correlation between the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and TIA caused by cerebral small vascular disease (CSVD) and analyzed the effect of LDL on the TIA caused by CSVD.
Materials and methods
=====================
### Inclusion and exclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria for patients enrolled in the CSVD patient group were: ⅰ) patients aged 55--90 years; ⅱ) patients with MRI or CT results showing white matter lesion (WML) and/or lacunar infarction (LI); ⅲ) patients with no acute cortical infarction; ⅳ) patients whose imagological results showed no non-lacunar infarction (\>15 mm) and ⅴ) patients who signed the written informed consent.
### Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria for the study were: ⅰ) patients with cardiac infarction (confirmed with echocardiography); ⅱ) patients with intracranial or extracranial macrovascular diseases; ⅲ) patients with pulmonary infection or infection of urinary system; ⅳ) patients with a history of severe craniocerebral trauma or intracranial tumor; ⅴ) patients with heart, liver, kidney or lung failure; ⅵ) patients with any type of diseases that could lead to death; ⅶ) patients with WML caused by non-ischemic factors, such as poison, genetic variability, infection, demyelinating disease, metabolic diseases, or hydrocephalus and ⅷ) non-cooperative patients and those with a history of mental illnesses.
Inclusion criteria of patients that were enrolled in the control group were: ⅰ) patients who had risk factors associated with cerebral vascular diseases as well as stroke-like symptoms, such as dizziness, headache, onset of epilepsy, inarticulate speech or weakness of limbs but with normal results of MRI examination of head and ⅱ) patients who signed the written informed consent. Exclusion criteria were: patients with infection or malignant diseases.
We enrolled 139 patients into the patient group. According to the MRI and/or CT of head, the patients were further divided into two subgroups: the WML group (n=86) and the LI group (n=53). We also enrolled 107 subjects into the control group. All participants and their families voluntarily accepted the conditions of this study. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science. Signed written informed consents were obtained from all participants before the study.
### Clinical data and data collection
Inpatients and outpatients who were admitted to the hospital between September 2012 and September 2015 were enrolled. These cases were divided into the patient and control groups to investigate the correlation between the level of LDL and CSVD-induced TIA. Basic clinical data are presented in [Table I](#tI-etm-0-0-4583){ref-type="table"}. An experienced physician in the department of neurology was assigned to collect the detailed history of the disease and physical examinations including the patients age, sex, height, weight, BMI, smoking and drinking history, history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus and heart disease.
### Diagnostic criteria
After admission, patients were subjected to head MRI examination, including T1- and T2-weighted image, T2 fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) and diffusion weighted imaging (DWI). Fasting blood glucose and lipid levels, liver and kidney function, and prothrombin chart were determined. Blood routine, CRP and regular electrocardiographic examination were conducted. For patients with aortic stenosis, we performed cerebral angiography examination, and for patients with cardiac thrombus, echocardiography was carried out.
### Imagological examination
#### Imagological examination of SVD
After admission, patients received the MRI and/or CT examinations. The results were independently analyzed by two physicians in the imaging department to identify the types of lesion, i.e., the WML and LI and corresponding imaging diagnoses were given. Imaging diagnosis and relevant analysis was conducted independently from the general clinical data.
#### WML
Uniform or slightly decreased T1WI signal, highly enhanced T2WI signal or a low signal density in CT, unclear rim, no significant mass effect, patch-shaped, or mutually fused, uneven signals, border between the corpus callosum and septum pellucidum not affected, and diameters \>5 mm. Most of the lesions were distributed in the frontal, temporal and parietal-occipital lobe, basal ganglia and infratentorial region ([Fig. 1A-F](#f1-etm-0-0-4583){ref-type="fig"}).
#### LI
Imagological manifestation: clear rim, diameters of 3--15 mm, and regions with the characteristics of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) on MRI. In CT and T1WI, low intensity/signal was identified, and was similar to the features of CSF in previous LI. Thus, enhanced signal presented in diffusion-weighted images was used for diagnosis in case of the newly developed LI. LI was mainly distributed in the midline, such as deep cerebral hemispheres and brainstem (bilateral thalamus, basal ganglia, periventricular white matter and subcortical white matter) ([Fig. 1G-I](#f1-etm-0-0-4583){ref-type="fig"}).
#### Mini-mental status examination (MMSE)
The scale was 1 point for each correct answer, and 0 for wrong answers, 9 points for inappropriate answer, and 8 points for patients who refused to answer or did not understand the question. In adding up the total scores, 8 and 9 points were all recorded as 0. The maximum score was 30 points. During the examination, the education levels and dementia were also considered. Therefore, elderly patients were judged as dementia if they met the following conditions: illiterate, score \<17 points; primary school, score \<20 points and high school or above, score \<24 points. The mental status of patient was judged by the following criteria: 27--30 points, normal; 21--26 points, mild; 10--20 points, moderate and 0--9 points, severe.
#### Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA)
Detection items included: visuospatial, executive and naming ability, attention, language, abstraction, delayed recall, and orientation, with a total of 30 points; 1 point was added for an education duration \<12 years for calibration. Higher scores represented stronger cognitive ability, and patients with scores \<26 points were considered as normal.
#### Statistical analysis
Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 20.0 (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA). Measurement data were presented as (means ± standard deviation), and ANOVA or t-test was used for intergroup comparison. Count data were presented as percentage, and Chi-square test was used for intergroup comparison. For each risk factor, multi-factor logistic regression analysis and correlation analysis of paired material were carried out. P\<0.05 indicated that the difference was statistically significant.
Results
=======
### Statistics of categorized test for risk factors
We summarized clinically collected results of physical and laboratory examinations, including blood pressure and glucose, total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), HDL-C, creatinine (Cr), total triglyceride (TG), smoking and drinking capacity and duration, and performed the statistical analysis. Results indicated that LDL-C, TG and TC levels in the LI group were significantly higher than those in the other two groups, but ages in the control group were significantly lower than those in the other two groups with statistically significant differences (p\<0.05) ([Table II](#tII-etm-0-0-4583){ref-type="table"}).
### MMSE and MoCA examination
We conducted MMSE and MoCA examinations on all patients and the results revealed that scores in WML and LI groups were significantly lower than those in the control group and differences were statistically significant (p\<0.05). No significant difference was detected when the LI group was compared with the WML group (p\>0.05) ([Table III](#tIII-etm-0-0-4583){ref-type="table"}).
### Logistic regression analysis between CSVD and risk factors
We collected and summarized all possible risk factors for CSVD-induced TIA, including fasting glucose, lipid level, Cr level, smoking and drinking amount and duration. The logistic regression analysis and correlation analysis of paired material revealed that the serum level of LDL-C was correlated to the CSVD-induced TIA (OR=1,321) and the difference was statistically significant despite the enrollment of TG into the multivariable analysis (p\<0.05) ([Table IV](#tIV-etm-0-0-4583){ref-type="table"}).
Discussion
==========
Small cerebral vessels refer to the small perforator arteries, small arteries, capillary and small veins with diameters of 40--200 µm that are distributed inside the brain. Small cerebral vessels constitute the basic units that supply blood for cerebral tissues, and play a significant role in maintaining the cerebral function. The small cerebral vessels, consisting of endothelial cells and a few smooth muscle cells, are characterized by poor vascular elasticity and are usually susceptible to injuries due to lack of outer layer in histological structure ([@b1-etm-0-0-4583]--[@b3-etm-0-0-4583]). Small thrombus could be easily developed due to the increase in blood viscosity caused by augmentation of red blood cells or blood fat, causing endothelial injuries, and secondarily leading to the TIA and/or cerebral infarction. The main pathological manifestations include fibrinoid necrosis and amyloidosis, which may lead to cerebral hemorrhage and infarction ([@b4-etm-0-0-4583]--[@b7-etm-0-0-4583]). Generally, CSVD refers to the syndrome consisting of the clinical, imagological and pathological manifestations caused by various lesions. CSVD can be divided into two categories: ⅰ) acute neurological impairment, which is manifested by stroke, deep cerebral infarction and cerebral hemorrhage with acute onset, rapid progression, poor prognosis and a high mortality and disability rate and ⅱ) chronic and progressive neuropsychic dysfunction, including vascular cognitive impairment, affective disorder, decreased comprehension ability, memory impairment, gait disorder and general function reduction ([@b8-etm-0-0-4583]--[@b12-etm-0-0-4583]). Imagological features are typically manifested by LI, leukoaraiosis, microbleeding, which can be easily missed or misdiagnosed ([@b13-etm-0-0-4583]--[@b15-etm-0-0-4583]). In the International Stroke Conference and European Stroke Conference held in 2006, experts introduced a document titled 'Little strokes, big trouble' ([@b1-etm-0-0-4583]), which was repeated in the International Stroke Conference and European Stroke Conference held in 2008, suggesting that CSVD has gradually gained the attention of international medical communities.
Currently, the consensus is that CSVD-induced TIA is caused by various factors, and lipid metabolism disorders is one of the risk factors of CSVD. However, the harm posed by the increase of LDL level is the most serious compared to all other factors. Therefore, CSVD can be prevented by controlling the level of LDL in clinical practice ([@b7-etm-0-0-4583]). Prior studies often investigated CSVD and the abnormal level of blood fat independently, and partially neglected the effect of other risk factors on this disease. Therefore, it is imperative to clarify the exact relationship between the CSVD and other related risk factors, in order to perform early intervention in this disease.
Studies conducted on small-sample groups showed that CSVD is mainly correlated with the age, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis, but the specific mechanism remained unknown ([@b2-etm-0-0-4583]). Results obtained from prior studies suggested that the treatment with statins could effectively inhibit the development of SVD ([@b3-etm-0-0-4583]--[@b6-etm-0-0-4583]). These results suggested that there may be a certain association between the abnormal lipid metabolism and SVD. In the present study we evaluated a larger group, and discovered a positive correlation between LDL-C level and the incidence rate of CSVD. Currently, lipid infiltration theory has been confirmed in experimental and clinical practice, suggesting that the increase in LDL can promote cholesterol to pass through the arterial wall and localized aggregation can induce the macrophages and smooth muscle cells to transform into the foam cells by consuming the lipid ([@b16-etm-0-0-4583]). This is also considered an important mechanism of atherosclerotic plaque formation. LDL-C plays an important role in the formation of atherosclerosis by the following mechanism: after LDL is transported into the lower layer of arterial endothelium, it is transformed into ox-LDL through oxidative modification, which is transported into the macrophages by the scavenger receptor on the cell membrane. Macrophages that devoured and digested the lipid are transformed into the foam cells, constituting the fatty streak through aggregation. Cholesterol can be released after the rupture of fatty streak, forming the lipid core of atherosclerotic plaque. Previous findings revealed that the major component of LDL is LDL-3, i.e., small but intensive LDL shows the strongest effect in inducing atherosclerosis. This is mainly manifested as follows: the clearance rate of LDL is very slow through the pathway mediated by its receptor and LDL-3 adheres to the vascular wall and is transported into the endothelial cells of a vessel ([@b16-etm-0-0-4583],[@b17-etm-0-0-4583]). LDL can easily pass through the arterial wall to be devoured by the macrophages. LDL is oxidized and ox-LDL is formed. Shen *et al* confirmed that there was a correlation between LDL-C in low-density and cardiovascular events in patients with chronic renal diseases ([@b16-etm-0-0-4583]). Currently, ox-LDL is considered a relatively sensitive index for predicting the small vascular lesions. Thus, we consider that LDL-C may be an important risk factor in the occurrence of CSVD-induced TIA, among which the LDL in a low density shows the strongest effect.
We studied a relatively large sample, and combined the investigations of the various factors. We found that LDL is the cause for CSVD and explained the correlation between the risk factors and CSVD.
We concluded that LDL is a major risk factor affecting the onset of CSVD. We believe that CSVD should be studied in patients with hyperlipidemia. Patients should be examined by head MRI or CT in order to eliminate the probability of CSVD. In order to reduce the occurrence of adverse events in clinical practice, early intervention in SVD through decreasing the level of LDL, improving the endothelial function of small vessels and applying the anti-inflammation and nerve-protection methods should be considered.
{#f1-etm-0-0-4583}
######
History of baseline diseases and clinical data of enrolled patients (mean ± SD).
Group Sex (male/female) Age Cases (n) Weight (kg) Height (cm) BMI
--------------- ------------------- ----------- ----------- ------------- ------------- -------------
Patient group 76/63 54.3±16.4 139 70.2±21.5 169.7±20.4 30.85±14.64
Control group 61/46 46.5±17.3 107 68.4±19.8 160.2±15.3 28.63±16.71
F-value 0.82 -- 0.79 0.84 0.63
P-value \>0.05 -- \>0.05 \>0.05 \>0.05
######
Statistics of categorized test for risk factors of patients in each group (mean ± SD).
Indexes Group Cases Detection results
-------------------------------- --------------- ------- -------------------
Fasting blood glucose (mmol/l) Control group 107 5.68±7.51
WML group 86 6.32±3.3
LI group 53 5.87±4.6
F-value -- 0.62
P-value -- \>0.05
Systolic pressure (mmHg) Control group 107 119.3±25.3
WML group 86 136.7±13.5
LI group 53 128.2±22.8
F-value -- 0.94
P-value -- \>0.05
Diastolic pressure (mmHg) Control group 107 92.12±9.6
WML group 86 87.81±10.2
LI group 53 95.63±15.7
F-value -- 0.72
P-value -- \>0.05
LDL-C (mmol/l) Control group 107 1.58±2.67
WML group 86 3.15±1.21
LI group 53 4.65±0.86
F-value -- 1.95
P-value -- \<0.05
HDL-C (mmol/l) Control group 107 1.45±1.22
WML group 86 0.97±0.63
LI group 53 1.25±0.57
F-value -- 0.83
P-value -- \>0.05
Cr (µmol/l) Control group 107 88.52±16.82
WML group 86 79.42±27.21
LI group 53 90.16±25.33
F-value -- 0.37
P-value -- \>0.05
TG (mmol/l) Control group 107 1.32±0.81
WML group 86 2.52±1.53
LI group 53 2.87±1.36
F-value -- 2.76
P-value -- \<0.05
Smoking duration (year) Control group 107 7.62±3.8
WML group 86 6.51±1.5
LI group 53 8.42±1.6
F-value -- 0.82
P-value -- \>0.05
Smoking amount (/day) Control group 107 15.27±10.36
WML group 86 18.48±9.68
LI group 53 10.25±7.83
F-value -- 0.98
P-value -- \>0.05
Drinking duration (year) Control group 107 5.87±4.81
WML group 86 5.77±6.74
LI group 53 7.46±2.21
F-value -- 0.34
P-value -- \>0.05
Drinking amount (ml/day) Control group 107 108.26±22.64
WML group 86 125.47±12.35
LI group 53 116.35±23.56
F-value -- 0.94
P-value -- \>0.05
Age (years) Control group 107 38.7±11.2
WML group 86 53.6±5.3
LI group 53 58.2±7.7
F-value -- 5.84
P-value -- \<0.05
TC (mmol/l) Control group 107 4.8±3.65
WML group 86 8.7±2.24
LI group 53 6.8±1.24
F-value -- 1.68
P-value -- \<0.05
WML, white matter lesion; LI, lacunar infarction; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; Cr, creatinine; TG, triglyceride; TC, total cholesterol.
######
MMSE and MoCA examination.
Group Cases MMSE score MoCA score
--------------- ------- ------------ ------------
Control group 107 28.38±0.82 27.32±1.24
WML group 86 21.27±1.78 22.47±1.35
LI group 53 21.25±2.18 20.35±1.56
F-value -- 19.38 20.03
P-value -- 0.017 0.012
MMSE, mini mental status examination; MoCA, Montreal cognitive assessment; WML, white matter lesion; LI, lacunar infarction.
######
Analysis of correlation of CSVD-induced TIA with LDL-C and TG.
LDL-C TG
---------- ------- ----- ------ ---- ------- --------
Positive 139 0 125 11 0.108 \<0.05
Negative 23 86 17 90 0.024 \<0.05
CSVD positive refers that patients diagnosed as LI and/or WML.
LDL-C positive indicates that LDL-C was \>4.14 mmol/l.
TG positive refers to the level of TG in plasma \>1.65 mmol/l. CSVD, cerebral small vascular disease; TIA, transient ischemic attack; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; WML, white matter lesion; LI, lacunar infarction.
| |
Hefei No.45 Middle School
The Hefei No.45 Middle School is situated in the center of the “Forest Park” neighborhood, a northern urban extension to the City of Hefei, in Anhui Province, China. The 3.9-hectare site occupies an entire block within the city, located at the corner of Guzhen Road and Lanmei Road.
The design is intended to both implement and reinforce contemporary pedagogical concepts, which view education as an empowering process of development across a broad range of topics. The architecture is therefore more opportunistic than restrictive. The composition of programs on the site encourage a high level of mobility within the school, where students no longer learn in the classrooms alone, but utilize the communal areas as well. Ample space is provided for activities and movement between the core program areas, creating a variety of atmospheres and spaces well suited to the variable learning and playing needs of young students. Much care has therefore been taken to provide additional space to break the rigidity of the educational environment, commonly seen in traditional school buildings in China.
The design places equal importance on the structured teaching within the classroom and the organic learning in the schoolyard, providing for a balanced educational experience.
As a result, the landscape strategy becomes the dominant driver, by maintaining a schoolyard of nearly the same area as the site itself, while accommodating 34,000 square meters of floor area to house 2,400 students and a total of 48 classes. The combination of limited space and extensive program requirements stimulates an innovative and unusual design solution for the school.
In order to maximize the outdoor area and provide a vivid landscape with differentiated spaces, courtyards, play areas, and sports fields, all the common functions, such as the library, the dining hall, and the gymnasium, are embedded within the landscape. The associated roof areas are then utilized as an accessible part of the schoolyard. These areas are connected to the overall yard system through a variety of interactive green slopes and generously sized stairs.
The classrooms, as well as faculty’s offices, are housed in linear bars raised on columns, creating a strong relationship between buildings and landscape as the accessible roof areas slip between the classrooms above and the common program areas below. The result is a landscape that not only provides the necessary outdoor area for the number of students, but also encourages inventive play and creates opportunities for outdoor activities that are directly and indirectly related to the learning and teaching process of the school.
Building Type: Middle School
Location: Hefei, Anhui Province, China
Client: Hefei Vanke
Service: Architectural Design, Landscape Master Plan
Site Area: 3.9 ha / 9.7 acres
Floor Area: 33,844 sqm / 364,294 sqft
Proposal: November 2013
Completion: September 2015
Team: Lars Gräbner, Christina Hansen, Kelly Raczkowski, Yukun Xu, Shaoxuan Dong, George Cowan Carter, Xiaoqi Wang, Mike Kim
Local Design Institute: HFUTADI / Studio 2, Xiaojie Qi, Yadong Zhou, Yi Yang, Wen Tang
Photographer: neo Studio
Links: | https://v1-studio.com/Hefei-No-45-Middle-School |
Consideration of the spatial patterns of settlements as an object of study can be traced back to Willey's ground-breaking survey in Peru in the early 1950s, combined with the ecological approaches of Steward and Clark, and a general dissatisfaction with the emphasis on chronological sequences (Willey 1953; Steward 1955; Clark 1952). Initially, the approach to settlement studies was largely descriptive and observation-based. It was not until the mid 1970s, with the rise of scientific archaeology, that an explanatory approach using geographic models was developed. The latter was derived from theories and methods that arose within the disciplines of geography and ecology in Europe (especially the work of Haggett 1965), which were adopted by systems archaeologists who wished to have scientific models to better explore cultural process (Aldenderfer 1996). It was hoped that such settlement studies would also enable more 'objective' methods of analysis and could deal with the great bulk of spatial data being recorded (Hodder and Orton 1976). Some even hoped that they would be able to understand the human set of rules that generated particular settlement patterns (Flannery 1976, 161-2).
According to the geographic models, settlement rank, size, spacing and function were presumed to be related, so that smaller settlements were thought to have fewer functions, be less important and be located closer together than larger ones. The ideal was a central place surrounded by its satellites which lay within, or on, its zone of influence. Consistent with social geography theory, settlement distributions were dictated by market, transport or administrative principles and, when transferred to archaeology, were thought to incorporate domestic, local, political and religious activities.
As a consequence methods such as rank size rule, measures of centrality, gravity models, catchment analysis and Thiessen polygons were used to portray these processes. These models were very popular as they always produced a positive display despite the acknowledged, but unresolved, problems.
In the 1990s these earlier techniques were incorporated within GIS (Wheatley and Gillings 2002). Again the technology and methodology was developed first by geographers and then taken up by archaeologists, especially by those involved in Cultural Resource Management (Harris and Lock 1995). In contrast to systems archaeologists, Wheatley and Gillings assert that 'we see formal spatial analysis not as a means of producing complete archaeological interpretations but as an extension of our observational equipment' (Wheatley and Gillings 2002, 125, emphasis mine). This to some extent reflects a North American concern, which tends to focus on predictive modelling, whereas the European concern leans towards 'an analytical approach, which concentrates on cultural meaning' (Harris and Lock 1995, 354 emphasis mine). | https://intarch.ac.uk/journal/issue16/4/1.1.html |
The role will ensure that at the state level, there are strong management systems and practices in the state teams, identifying any capacity gaps to ensure a highly effective team focused on the implementation and coordination of the two flagship programmes. The role will require travel across Nigeria, and potentially to a few international locations such as Brazil.
- Minimum Qualification: MBA / MSc
- Experience Level: Senior level
- Experience Length: 7 years
Job Description
Focus of the Role
- Delivery Advisor will be assigned to work with the key government official to support it to establish the secretariat and to ensure it becomes fully functional and effective. The role will work with and report to the Lead Delivery Advisor as well as working closely with the rest of the team particularly the experts to implement the two flagships at the state level.
Responsibilities:
- Provision of flexible, adaptive management support to the state teams and to key officials, including through coaching and on-the-job mentoring. This requires building a strong trusted working relationship with the Programme leads at the state level to allow for constructive challenge in a suitable manner, particularly on issues of state team management and effectiveness.
- Support the state programme leads to develop and implement a politically smart strategy to oversee and coordinate the implementation of the flagships.
- Support the state programme leads to build or manage an existing, cohesive and effective team that can become a highly effective implementation and coordination mechanism for these flagships at a state level.
- Ensure operational functioning of the state teams, as well as the clarity of roles, responsibilities, internal coordination and learning so that its staff are fully empowered to deliver.
- Ensure the state offices have the systems needed for effective monitoring and evaluation of the two flagship programmes.
- Help the state programme led to ensure that key decision makers and politicians in the state government have timely information and the structures to collaborate in order to unblock the key bottlenecks to implementation.
- Help state teams to mobilise and align additional resources as needed, including from development partners, for example to provide suitable support for State Governments and other Federal Ministries and agencies to implement as needed.
Experience and Qualifications:
- The role must be filled by a Nigerian citizen.
- At least 7 years’ experience in roles that require strong management skills, political smartness strong relationship management, business acumen pro-activeness, going the extra mile and strong team work
- Experience developing competitive proposals and reports that unlock project funding
- A University degree at a minimum of a Masters’ level
- In-depth knowledge and experience of Nigeria’s political and government system, ideally both at Federal and State levels.
- Nigerian language skills will be an added advantage
Essential Skills:
- A strategic mindset and experience in adaptive management, PDIA, etc.
- Strong understanding of and experience implementing and managing complex programmes and projects
- Ability to operate and succeed in a highly political environment
- Strong analytical and management skills, including sound knowledge of strategic planning and project management tools.
- Effective inter-personal and leadership skills with an ability to develop and foster relationships across a wide range of diverse and senior stakeholders
- Relevant experience in the agriculture and/or private sector development space, with in particular an ability to be able to understand investment and agriculture value chain facilitation issues.
- A decent understanding of how governments and businesses operate and how to succeed in them
Personal Specifications:
- Drive, motivation and ability to consistently achieve results in a fast-paced environment.
- Experience of living and working in developing countries is desirable but not essential
Values we look for: | https://www.jobberman.com/job/delivery-advisor-nigeria-q7904e |
The MISSION:
“Gather. Grow. Give.” We exist to create a community for all coaches in the crossroads of Indiana to gather for support, to grow through educational opportunities, and to give back to our local communities.
The GATHER:
The International Coaching Federation – Indiana Chapter (ICF-IN) welcomes coaching practitioners, aspiring coaches, organizations, and academics to come together to learn, support, develop and promote the coaching profession.
The GROW:
Through inclusion, adventure and growth, we partner to create engaging solutions that support the education, learning, and professional success of our ICF-IN members.
The GIVE:
We connect the skills and experience of our members with needs in the local area to make the transformational results of coaching accessible to individuals, businesses, and the communities we serve.
Values and Culture
Inclusion
Respecting and valuing differences in backgrounds, passions, professional focus, and personal attributes in order to collaborate toward growing coaching.
Adventure
Open-mindedness in how our activities in Gathering, Growing, and Giving could evolve; as we focus on having fun, engaging with others, and through passionate support of each other.
Growth
A focus on continuous growth and improvement of the organization and each of its members; increasing the use of effective coaching throughout Indiana.
Statements on Culture
- We are committed to individual and community growth and development.
- We intentionally foster an environment that is inclusive, welcoming, collaborative, engaging, and fun.
- We are committed to transparent and frequent communication that builds trust within the coaching community and with those with whom we interact.
- We consistently and proactively lean into opportunities to grow, gather, and give.
- Our environment encourages participation and involvement.
- We are guided by simplicity in everything we do. | https://icfindiana.org/mission/ |
Op-ed | President Trump wants his moonshot without paying for it
NASA’s topline budget will be flat for the foreseeable future — which means an effective decrease in real dollar funding for the agency. As a result, President Trump may see his moon plans come crashing down to Earth.
In mid-December last year, Trump formally announced his administration’s decision to return NASA to the Moon by signing Space Policy Directive 1, an amendment to the 2010 National Space Policy. Echoing Vice President Mike Pence’s call to “renew” the United States’ half-century-old mission to the Moon at the first meeting of National Space Council only a few months earlier, the president joined a long history of commanders in chief setting major space goals from the Oval Office.
At this week’s State of NASA event, Administrator Robert Lightfoot claimed that the agency’s budget request of $19.9 billion for fiscal year 2019 “codifies” its commitment to going back to the moon. But with longer term plans to cap the agency’s budget over the next five years, the administration may be repeating a history of underfunding space exploration.
A quick glance at the history of the NASA budget, accounting for inflation, makes one thing clear: extraordinary missions require extraordinary budgets. After President John F. Kennedy announced his administration’s mission to the moon in a special address to Congress in May 1961, he grew the space agency to an astounding 4 percent of the federal budget, a steep increase during the course of a short presidency.
When President Ronald Reagan announced his plans to build a space station in low-Earth orbit in his January 1984 State of the Union address, it too was followed by a significant boost in NASA funding. In real terms, President Reagan increased the NASA budget by 44 percent during his tenure, the biggest bump since Kennedy.
In 1989, President George H. W. Bush announced his plans for NASA during an address at the National Air and Space Museum on the 20th anniversary of the Apollo 11 lunar landing. The brand new president gave his full support for the Reagan-proposed space station, but also lumped on additional, more abstract goals to go back to the moon and then onward to Mars. Unlike Kennedy’s deadline of completing the moonshot by “the end of the decade,” Bush’s goal suffered from a more vague timeline — not a 10-year plan like Apollo, but “a long-range continuing commitment.” Bush raised the NASA budget by 17 percent in real terms during his time in office; not enough for the moon and Mars programming that he originally proposed in following his 1989 speech, but enough to account for the swelling costs of the space station program.
Bill Clinton is the only modern president since Reagan to forgo the opportunity to change national space policy with a singular major announcement. He did make a significant impact on the future of NASA, however, by accepting a proposal from Administrator Dan Goldin to redesign Reagan’s U.S.-only space station into the ISS, a program in collaboration with Russia and other major space nations.
In his 1994 Address Before a Joint Session of Congress, after the Russians had become a full partner in the ISS, President Clinton described the moment as “promising.” He said that instead of “building weapons in space, Russian scientists will help us build the International Space Station.” During his time in office, Clinton cut NASA’s topline budget by 14 percent in real terms.
Following the 2003 Columbia disaster, in an address at NASA headquarters, President George W. Bush too laid out bold goals for NASA’s future, both during his tenure and beyond. “Beginning no later than 2008, we will send a series of robotic missions to the lunar surface,” he said. He also outlined the goal to develop a new human launch vehicle to both supersede the Space Shuttle and take Americans to deep space by 2008 “and to conduct the first manned mission no later than 2014.”
He promised a billion-dollar increase to the agency to make these plans — the Constellation program — a reality. Although the president kept his promise, the agency’s budget grew only 10 percent when accounting for inflation; a figure that pales in comparison to those presidents with similarly lofty goals that came before him. Of course, NASA didn’t return to the moon by 2008, and the United States certainly didn’t develop another operational launch system to follow the Space Shuttle.
In his 2010 address at the Kennedy Space Center, President Barack Obama called the previous administration’s programming “behind schedule and over budget.” After cancelling the Bush-era Constellation program, effectively ending the vision the former president set in his 2010 address, Obama set forth a new goal for NASA: a plan for deep space exploration, including “landing an astronaut on an asteroid” and sending “humans to orbit Mars and return them safely to Earth” by the mid-2030s. He promised a $6 billion increase in NASA’s budget by the end of his tenure. Six years later, due in part to the limitations imposed by the Budget Control Act of 2011, NASA’s budget actually had a net decrease of 9 percent when accounting for inflation.
President Trump’s 2018 budget request canceled NASA’s funding for the Asteroid Redirect Mission, the foundation of Obama’s vision for sending astronauts to an asteroid. Besides formally redirecting NASA back to the moon, Trump’s budget request for fiscal year 2019 released this week makes other controversial cuts to NASA programs across the board, including the International Space Station, the Wide Field Infrared Survey Telescope (WFIRST), and the Office of Education. Although the topline is a sizeable $800 million increase from last year’s request, the Office of Management and Budget’s plan to freeze funding levels for the following five years is effectively a cut in real terms for NASA funding during the president’s tenure.
When the president signed Space Policy Directive 1, he didn’t include a deadline for landing on the moon, like President Kennedy, or even a broad window like President George H.W. Bush or President Obama. But regardless of the timeline, history indicates that giant leaps in space science and exploration are made successful by big increases in the NASA budget. Presidents who failed to support their major plans in space policy with corresponding increases in the budget saw their programming canceled before seeing the fruit of its labor.
Thomas G. Roberts is a space policy researcher at the Center for Strategic and International Studies’ Aerospace Security Project, and host of Moonstruck, a podcast about humans in space. | https://spacenews.com/president-trump-wants-his-moonshot-without-paying-for-it/ |
Preventive and therapeutic effects of tomato juice on the growth of fibrosarcoma tumor cells in Balb/c mice.
Hdayatolah Shirzad
,
Hosin Yosofi
*
,
Nada Parvin
,
Efat Farokhi
,
Ghorbanali Shahaby
,
[email protected] E-mail:
Abstract:
(11258 Views)
Background and aim: Fibrosarcoma is a tumor with mesenchymal cell origin that is composed of malignant fibroblastic cell in a collagen background. Specific treatments for fibrosarcoma, such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy and surgery have many complications for patients. Anti-tumor properties of lycopene have been proved in some types of cancers. In this study we aimed to carry out a research to investigate the effect of tomato extract on the growth of WEHI-164 fibrosarcoma cell in Balb/c mice. Methods: Three groups of 10 male Balb/c mice at 8 weeks of age were selected. All three groups were subcutaneously injected with 500000 WEHI-164 tumor cells on day zero in the chest area of the animals. Mice in prevention group were given tomato juice orally, 5 mg/mouse/day for a period of 4 weeks (2 weeks before and 2 week after tumor cell injection). In treatment group, animals were given tomato extract from the day of tumor cell injection (day 0) to two weeks after. Control group did not receive tomato extract. In every individual mouse, the tumor size was measured every 2 days from day 10 (days 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20 and 22). Data were statistically analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. Result: The tumor area in control group were significantly larger than two case groups (P<0.05). No significant difference was shown between prevention and treatment groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: With emphasize on anti-tumor effect of tomato, it seems that tomato extract has important role in prevention and control of fibrosarcoma. Since we did not find any differences between treatment and prevention groups to control fibrosarcoma, we recommend further study with different doses of tomato and other types of cancers.
Keywords:
Balb/c mice
,
Cancer
,
Fibrosarcoma
,
Tomato.
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Received: 2011/06/2
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Shirzad H, Yosofi H, Parvin N, Farokhi E, Shahaby G. Preventive and therapeutic effects of tomato juice on the growth of fibrosarcoma tumor cells in Balb/c mice.. J Shahrekord Univ Med Sci. 2009; 10 (4) :1-6
URL: | http://journal.skums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_id=242&slc_lang=en |
In accounting, a write-off happens when an asset’s value is eliminated in the books. This happens when an asset can’t be turned into cash, doesn’t have market value or isn’t useful to a business anymore, according to Accounting Tools. An asset is written off by transferring some or all of its recorded amount to an expense account. When a business is unable to collect the cash from prior sales of goods and merchandise, it may write off, or remove, the account receivable from its books after all collection efforts are. Companies can usually write these amounts off after conducting a basic due diligence process for each payables account. Contact the vendor linked to the accounts payable on the general ledger. Request a full statement of account for the previous 12 months. Direct Write-Offs. The direct write-off method is simpler than the allowance method since it only requires one journal entry and doesn't utilize estimates. Essentially, you write off AR balances.
A write-off is an elimination of an uncollectible accounts receivable recorded on the general ledger. An accounts receivable balance represents an amount due to Cornell University. An accounts receivable balance represents an amount due to Cornell University. Jun 06, 2017 · There are two methods you can use to write off a bad account: Direct write-off method; Allowance method; Direct write-off method. The direct write-off method takes place after the account receivable was recorded. You must credit the accounts receivable and debit the. Cash Basis Accounts Receivable Write Offs When an invoice becomes uncollectible and the books are kept on a cash basis, there are two alternative methods for recording the credit memo. The first alternative is to create a credit memo exactly the same as the invoice. By virtue of being a credit memo, it will be "reverse" the original entry.
Should long outstanding trade creditors and other account payables be written off or derecognized in a similar way to the write-off of account receivables considered irrecoverable? What are the circumstances under which accounts payable balances may be written off or reversed? Most intangibles are amortized on a straight-line basis using their expected useful life. Intangible assets have either a limited life or an indefinite life. Limited means the intangible asset won’t be useful forever. For example, the U.S. government grants patent protection for a period of 20 years. As you study this section, remember these common procedures accountants use to record the disposal of plant assets. In the paragraphs that follow, we discuss accounting for the 1 sale of plant assets, 2 retirement of plant assets without sale write it off, and 3 trading plant assets. Watch this video to demonstrate the first 2. Direct Write-Off Method A simple method to account for uncollectible accounts is the direct write-off approach. Under this technique, a specific account receivable is removed from the accounting records at the time it is finally determined to be uncollectible. A write-off is a reduction of the recognized value of something. In accounting, this is a recognition of the reduced or zero value of an asset. In income tax statements, this is a reduction of taxable income, as a recognition of certain expenses required to produce the income.
Reporting Requirements for Annual Financial Reports of State Agencies and Universities General Accounting. Receivables Write-off of Revenue Receivables. The revenue-generating activities of an agency frequently result in receivables being recorded in the agency’s accounting records. Sep 04, 2019 · Inventory write-off is the process of removing the value of a portion of inventory from accounting records. Inventory is written off when it has lost its value and cannot be sold due to damage, theft, loss, or decline in market value. | http://cadrugdetoxcenters.com/write-off-accounting |
At Lincoln, we value our employees and recognize the vital role they play in our success. To continue that success, we focus on hiring skilled, reliable individuals that desire to become an integral part of our team and are looking to develop a long-term relationship. We employ approximately 400 people in a wide range of positions including Office Staff, Sales, Marketing, Information Technology, Product Development, Manufacturing and more.
In Person – stop by our Employment Office located at 1400 W Taylor Street, Merrill, WI
Email resume to [email protected]
Design, test and analyze new and existing products. Assure that all products meet or exceed all company and industry standards
ESSENTIAL DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES include but are not limited to:
QUALIFICATIONS
EDUCATION AND/OR EXPERIENCE:
Responsible for planning, designing and purchasing of new equipment. Evaluates current production methods & recommends changes to increase quality and efficiency while reducing material waste and production costs
Support and maintain a Quality Management System program using data-driven quality assurance strategy that continuously improves product performance, product form, fit and function, work procedures and processes, work flow and manufacturing practices that will continually and efficiently sustain the company’s quality program compliance and customer expectations
Seeking full-time individuals to work in our manufacturing facility to assemble and manufacture windows and doors
Pay
Hours of operation
Benefits
Please check back for future opportunities. | https://lincolnwindows.com/Careers |
The MR fluid is composed of micro/nanometer ferromagnetic particles, carrier fluids, and some additives. Among them, the performance of ferromagnetic particles will mainly affect the sedimentation stability and the magnetic saturation of the MR fluid.
A magnetorheological fluid (MR fluid, or MRF) is a type of smart fluid in a carrier fluid, usually a type of oil. When subjected to a magnetic field, the fluid greatly increases its apparent viscosity, to the point of becoming a viscoelastic solid. As a result, these two fluids have very different applications.
Additionally, where does ferrofluid come from? Ferrofluid is made of tiny, nanometer-sized particles of coated magnetite suspended in liquid. When there’s no magnet around, ferrofluid acts like a liquid. The magnetite particles move freely in the fluid. But when there’s a magnet nearby, the particles are temporarily magnetized.
Beside above, what are magnetic dampers?
A magnetorheological damper or magnetorheological shock absorber is a damper filled with magnetorheological fluid, which is controlled by a magnetic field, usually using an electromagnet.
What is MRF polishing?
Magnetorheological Finishing (MRF) Magnetorheological Finishing (MRF) is a deterministic lens surface finishing process which G&H uses to improve form finish of precision optical components. This technique enables us to control optical polishing with a greater degree of precision than conventional lap polishing.
What do you mean by viscosity?
If I fill the same cup with water, for example, the cup will drain much more quickly. Viscosity is a measure of a fluid’s resistance to flow. It describes the internal friction of a moving fluid. A fluidwith large viscosity resists motion because its molecular makeup gives it a lot of internal friction.
How does Mr damper work?
MR Dampers Similar to passive hydraulic dampers, an MR damper consists of a fluid that moves between different chambers via small orifices in the piston, converting “shock” energy into heat (see Figure 4). However in an MR damper, an electrical circuit is introduced in the piston assembly.
How does shear thickening fluid work?
The first is a shear-thickening fluid (STF), which behaves like a solid when it encounters mechanical stress or shear. In other words, it moves like a liquid until an object strikes or agitates it forcefully. Then, it hardens in a few milliseconds.
Who invented magnetic suspension?
In 1934 Hermann Kemper applied Bachelet’s concept to the large scale, calling it “monorail vehicle with no wheels attached.” He obtained Reich Patent number 643316 for his invention and is also considered by many to be the inventor of maglev.
How does magnetic ride control work?
Magnetic Ride Control (MRC or MagneRide) is a General Motors chassis and suspension technology that adapts and adjusts the shock absorbers of a vehicle in real-time in response to changes in terrain in order to deliver optimal shock damping for the best possible driving experience.
What GM vehicles have magnetic ride control?
MagneRide was first used by General Motors in the Cadillac Seville STS (2002.5) and is now used as a standard suspension or an option in many models for Cadillac, Buick, Chevrolet, and other GM vehicles. It can also be found on some Holden Special Vehicles, Ferrari, Ford and Audi vehicles.
How do you know if you have magnetic ride control?
Put car in track mode, hit traction control button 2 times see if it goes to competitve mode or if you get Performance Traction Management settings (Wet/Dry/Sport1/Sport2/Race), if you have PTM then it has mag ride. Look at shock color through wheels, yellow is standard Z51 suspension black is mag ride.
What vehicles have magnetic ride control?
A few General Motors vehicles that are available with Magnetic Ride Control include the upcoming 640-horsepower Camaro ZL1, seventh-generation Corvette sports car, and the Sierra 1500 Denali pickup truck.
What is Magnetic Ride Control Cadillac?
The Magnetic Ride Control system uses electronic sensors in each of the four corners of the vehicle and and shocks filled with special magneto-rheological fluid. The shock fluid has magnetic particles in it, and the damping characteristics can be changed via the application (or removal) of a magnetic field.
What Camaro has magnetic ride control?
For 2016, the Chevrolet Camaro SS comes with optional magnetic ride control, previously only available on a Camaro if you purchased the high-performance ZL1. GM has introduced MagneRide technology to its entire performance lineup, including the Corvette, Cadillac CTS-V, and Chevrolet SS.
What happened Bose suspension?
Bose Sells Off Its Revolutionary Electromagnetic Suspension. Thirty-seven years after Dr. Amar Bose hit on the idea of beefing up a loudspeaker’s electromagnetic driver to be an adaptive car suspension, Bose is selling off the technology to ClearMotion, another Boston-area tech company founded by MIT graduates.
What is Autoride suspension?
Z55 Autoride is a type of suspension option on many full-sized GM SUVs, indicated by the RPO code Z55. Z55 is termed Autoride, and uses the Electronic Suspension Control (ESC) system to make changes to each of the four shocks in milliseconds as you drive, adjusting the stiffness and handling of the suspension.
How much is magnetic suspension?
The $2,500 price tag for active suspension that’s on $50,000 cars suggests the cost of a Bose suspension would be on the high side of $5,000 and might be a $10,000-plus cost-adder. Also, several automakers use electric motors to reduce or eliminate body roll in turns. | https://cutusabreak.org/what-is-mr-fluid-made-of/ |
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andrea bertana, Ruben van Bergen, Sam Ling, Janneke Jehee; Confidence predicts variability but not biases in perceptual decisions. Journal of Vision 2018;18(10):1047. doi: https://doi.org/10.1167/18.10.1047.
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Although confidence is commonly believed to be an essential element in decision making, it remains unclear what gives rise to our sense of confidence. Recent probabilistic theories propose that one's confidence is computed, in part, from the degree of uncertainty in sensory information. If confidence indeed reflects the imprecision of perceptual evidence, then greater levels of confidence should predict 1) less variable behavior, and 2) smaller biases in perception, as both behavioral variability and perceptual biases are linked to uncertainty. Here, we test these predictions using a combination of psychophysics and computational modeling. Participants viewed a stimulus that consisted of an array of 36 gabor patches, and reported both the mean orientation of the array, and their confidence in this estimate. Patches were variable in orientation (drawn from a Gaussian distribution), and five noise levels were used to parametrically manipulate uncertainty (s.d. = 0.5, 2, 4, 8 and 16). Corroborating the first prediction, we found that for a given stimulus orientation, confidence reliably predicted behavioral variability. Specifically, orientation estimates were more precise with higher confidence, both across and within levels of orientation noise. Surprisingly, however, the results deviated from our predictions when comparing between stimulus orientations: although orientation judgments were more accurate for cardinal orientations (a phenomenon known as the oblique effect), confidence was higher for oblique orientations. In addition, we observed no reliable link between confidence and the magnitude of behavioral biases. Rather than being consistent with Bayesian decision theory, we argue that these results are better explained by the ability of observers to perceive the degree of orientation noise in the stimulus – a heuristic to confidence. | https://jov.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2700032 |
Computer-Aided Drafting (CAD) Technology
Computer-Aided Drafting (CAD) is primarily used for detailed engineering of 3D models and/or 2D drawings of physical components, but it is also used throughout the engineering process from conceptual design and layout, through strength and analysis of concepts to the definition of manufacturing or building methods or components. This curriculum prepares students to apply technical skills and advanced computer software and hardware to develop plans and related documentation and manage the hardware and software of a CAD system. Courses include instruction in architectural drafting, computer-assisted drafting, and design (CADD), creating and managing two and three-dimensional models, and linking CAD documents to other software applications and operating systems. Graduates should qualify for CAD jobs in architectural and engineering firms and industrial design businesses.
Career Opportunities in Computer-Aided Drafting
A.A.S. Degree
2014 Median Salary in North Carolina: $24/hr
CAD Operator, Architectural Drafter
(Source: U.S. Department of Labor website, June 2015)
Certificate
2014 Median Salary in North Carolina: $21/hr
CAD Technician
(Source: U.S. Department of Labor, 2015)
How To Apply
- Choose your credential:
- Architectural Drafting Certificate
- Computer-Aided Drafting Technology A.A.S., or
- Computer-Aided Drafting Technology Certificate
- Apply to A-B Tech online by visiting Admissions Overview.
- Apply for the Computer-Aided Drafting Program in person at the Bailey Building, Asheville Main Campus.
Prepare for Success in Computer-Aided Drafting
CAD Basics
A student's success in high school and their willingness to learn in college will directly affect their chances for success in the computer-aided drafting field. Other essential skills needed to get a job using CAD include good math skills, working well with others, a learning mindset, industry-specific knowledge, and self-discipline.
Project-Based Learning
In the Engineering & Applied Technologies Division, we believe learning in a real-time environment gives students an opportunity to experience real-time work scenarios that promote excellence in education. The majority of course work in the CAD program is project-based where learning occurs through hands-on exercises, tasks, and problem-solving.
The CAD program at A-B Tech emphasizes sustainable design practices that will provide more for people while taking less from the environment.
Equipment and Facilities
CAD classrooms and labs are located in the ELM Building on the Asheville Main Campus. The rooms are equipped with professional software and hardware that meet or exceed industry standards and provide a quality environment for instruction and project-based learning.
For More Information Contact: | https://www.abtech.edu/computer-aided-drafting/computer-aided-drafting-cad-technology |
An extrusion press is used for extruding aluminum frame parts or other metal products. In past extrusion presses, the starting material, that is, the billet, was loaded into a fixed container. This was then pushed by an extrusion stem driven by a ram cylinder (hydraulic cylinder). The billet was made to pass through a die positioned to the outlet of the container to thereby be extruded to a predetermined cross-sectional shape. Specifically, the billet loaded in such a molding machine is supplied by a billet loader. The billet loader grips a billet sent from a billet carrier arranged at the side of the molding machine and conveys it to the billet loading opening of the container. It loads the transferred billet into the container pushed by the extrusion stem in the state with the billet and loading opening centered. After that, the billet is extruded under pressure whereby it is formed into the shape of the final product.
Among the products extruded by an extrusion press, there are aluminum frame members and other long products. In the case of long products, the extrusion stem pushes the billet for a long period of time. For this reason, a hydraulic cylinder able to operate with a long stroke at a high pressure has been used for the ram cylinder for pushing the extrusion stem. However, such a conventional extrusion press device has been driven by hydraulic pressure, so there were challenges such as protection of the environment (against noise, oil leakage, etc.), reducing energy consumption (lowering running costs), etc. To meet these challenges, realization of a press using the electric powered drive system employed in plastic injection molding machines or die cast machines for die casting aluminum alloys has been demanded. In the case of an electric powered drive system, in general, it is necessary to convert the rotary motion of a first stage drive device comprised of an electric motor to linear motion or back and forth linear motion.
In conventional hydraulic cylinder devices, the larger output capacity sought from an extrusion press, for example, 9800 kN (that is, 1000 tf) or more, can be continuously output. However, no mechanism has yet been realized for converting rotary motion to linear motion taking the place of conventional hydraulic cylinder devices. Therefore, electric powered drive systems have not been applied to extrusion presses.
A conventional extrusion press is a machine using a motor and pump to drive a plurality of hydraulic devices to produce an extruded product. During the extrusion process of course and also processes other than the extrusion process, for example, even in the discard cutoff step, billet loading step, etc. as well, the same pump and motor are used as sources of drive power. Here, the extrusion-use pump and motor utilizing hydraulic devices and an auxiliary pump and motor have to be kept constantly operating in an idling mode even when not directly required for operation of the extrusion press device. Power loss therefore occurs.
Further, when a machine user uses a machine for a long time, maintenance and inspection are required for continued operation. Comparing when the drive source is a hydraulic source and when it is only an electric motor, it is believed that the time required for maintenance would be overwhelmingly longer in the case of a hydraulic source. The reason is that when using hydraulic equipment for many years, the hydraulic fluid degrades, the valves become worn, fluid leaks from the pipe joints, and other trouble occurs at the pumps, valves, manifolds, piping, and numerous other parts. Much time is required for identifying the causes of the trouble and taking measures against them. In this way, there were the following defects in conventional hydraulic drive type extrusion presses:
(1) Since hydraulic fluid was used as the medium for the drive force, realization of the speed and precision of position crucial to mechanical operation was difficult.
(2) The energy loss was relatively great and cooling water was required for preventing a rise in fluid temperature, so the running costs swelled.
(3) A hydraulic circuit has many high pressure components and generates high noise at the time of operation.
(4) Since a large amount of hydraulic fluid is used, leakage of the hydraulic fluid causes problems in maintenance, the environment, and costs while disposal of the hydraulic fluid causes problems in the environment and costs.
To deal with these problems, PLT 1 proposes a completely electric powered type extrusion press. In this prior art, the extrusion drive device is provided with four electric powered extrusion-use main motors for driving a single extrusion stem. Four wire drums are driven to rotate by the respective electric powered extrusion-use main motors so as to make the crosshead to which the extrusion stem is fastened move back and forth. Each wire drum has first ends of 10 single strand wires fastened to it. The other ends are fastened to a crosshead fastening member. Each wire is strung straight without anything interposed between the wire drum and the crosshead connecting member. The four wire drums are made to simultaneously rotate to wind up the wires in a simple manner and make the crosshead move back and forth. In this prior art, rotary motion is converted to linear motion by the plurality of wires being wound up on the wire drums, but the wires are just linearly connected, so the output is insufficient. For this reason, four electric powered extrusion-use main motors had to be used. Further, 10 wires had to be attached between each wire drum and crosshead connecting member by a uniform tension (unless uniform tension, the load will be applied to a specific wire and cause breakage or other issues). Installation and adjustment were extremely troublesome.
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The education sector is undergoing a paradigm shift that encompasses both innovative better learning spaces and significant pedagogical changes, as per the requirements.
By learning spaces, we mean, a physical setting for a learning environment, in which teaching and learning occur. The term is commonly defined as an alternative to "classroom," but it may also refer to an indoor or outdoor location, either actual or virtual. It is built with a focus on influencing students and create a better learning environment that soothes their mind. Additionally, help students better prepare across all curriculum areas and learning stages to succeed in a rapidly changing and interconnected world. Seeing which, an array of learning environments are emerging across educational institutions as educators strive to adapt their teaching practices and enhance learning outcomes .These learning spaces are in contrast to traditional classrooms which are characterized by heaps of desks and chairs, facing a teacher at the fore front .The new learning spaces are ‘flexible in nature’ contains a variety of furniture options which can be configured in various ways to facilitate a range of teaching and learning experiences.
According to a survey by MDR, comprising responses of over 1600 educators, 94% of respondents agreed to the fact that learning space indeed impacts learning, and 70% showed interest in having larger classrooms. This report addresses a number of issues related to the physical classroom environment that includes: benefits of flexible seating and collaborative opportunities; improved integration and upgrades to support the latest capabilities of educational technology and adaptations of the learning environment to accommodate different learning styles as well as a blend of in-person and online experiences.
So what are the actual ‘impacts’ of these learning spaces on students?
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Change in Behavior:
Most of the behavioral problems occur in secluded areas with little or no activity. These areas don’t let students interact much and engage themselves in class happenings. Thus, to reduce such negative behavior, schools can learn or look up to the design of urban learning spaces and pay attention to the density and variety of space use. That is why, schools being designed today often have a lot of glass and corridors designed to be usable space; makes room for activities and foster positive behaviors and; as students don’t feel isolated.
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Improves result:
Earlier schools had few or no windows at all. Well, it was considered to be excellent for teacher presentations and great for thermal insulation, but was built with a notion to make the classroom less distractive. However, several researches claim, this lack of view to the outdoors is detrimental to learning and wellness. According to a study, students learning in daylight classrooms progressed 20% faster on a math test than those with less daylight. Further, just the presence of a skylight resulted in improvements. Thus, we may say, “distraction” of looking out of a window or presence of natural light in a classroom is a restorative experience and beneficial for learning.
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Proper space promotes safety and improves learning:
A learning space needs to be motivating, safe and student-friendly. Every child looks for a good and welcoming learning environment as it allows them to work at their potential and enhance their learning ability. Thus, to maximize their learning potential, classrooms should be warm, spacious and inviting in nature to placate a student’s mind.
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Encourages collaborative and project-based learning:
Developing a learning space with the help of student boosts a collaborative and project-based learning process. Herein, educators can involve students in examining the numerous ways that a classroom can be rearranged to make it an amazing learning environment; as children need space, comfort and safety, in order to work at their potential. And that’s what a good learning space demands for. It must be safe, welcoming, comfy and inviting in nature as it is crucial for improving a student’s learning ability. It's also a great exercise in space planning, measurements, three-dimensional thinking, and layout.
Thus, we may say, a better learning space improves student’s learning ability, develop their critical thinking process and make them engaged yet better performer in classroom.
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Promotes student-centered learning:
Such learning spaces are flexible in nature which makes way to student-centred and group discussion. Here, teachers give instructions to students regarding the lesson plan and objectives at the commencement of the class, and further guidance throughout the lesson, if required. In addition, students get considerable freedom to choose how to go about their learning. Together with the immovable furniture available, this teaching approach creates opportunities and incentives for students to go through the lesson in their own way. Also, get the autonomy to choose which to space work at, what furniture and resource to use and typically form groups or work independently out of their own will.
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Improves learning experience through use of virtual spaces:
In a traditional classroom, students merely gets a chance to put forward their question or clear their misunderstandings easily, either they have to wait for their turn or meet teacher somewhere outside their classroom after class, which may not be feasible for both teachers and students as they will have to look for a proper space to sit and discuss. But this modern-aged learning space concept had led to the development of a virtual classroom where a teacher and student could interact directly on web-based chats or video conferencing platform and clear all their doubts from a place of their comfort zone. Thus, making learning and clearing concepts the easiest.
Thus, we may come to the conclusion that, in this highly evolving era students and technologies, both are changing and so does the learning spaces. Now, students can use the spaces that best suit their needs. And by examining their habits, comfort zone, educators may use patterns and then create learning spaces that meet their needs, through which their institutions can make their studies more student-centered and appealing and make learning more impactful than ever.
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Previn Warren is a trial lawyer who works to protect the rights of individuals against unfair and abusive conduct by technology and media companies.
Over the course of his career, he has litigated numerous cases against conglomerates like Sirius XM, Google and iHeartMedia, forcing these companies to compensate artists at fair rates for use of their music. His work has generated hundreds of millions of dollars* in additional royalties for content creators. Billboard magazine named Previn one of 2022’s “Top Music Lawyers.”
Previn serves as co-lead of a multidistrict litigation against social media platforms such as Meta Platforms, Instagram, Snap and TikTok. Plaintiffs in the MDL have alleged that the defendants’ platforms are defective because they are designed to maximize screen time, which can encourage addictive behavior in adolescents and result in various emotional and physical harms, including death. He is also active in reviewing a variety of other problematic practices within the technology and media industries, including the undisclosed surveillance of consumers and the use of biased algorithms to make hiring and lending decisions.
Prior to his time at Motley Rice, Previn worked as a partner at a large corporate firm in Washington, D.C. In that capacity, he led multiple litigation and trial teams in cases that sought to reinforce protections for musicians in the face of rapidly evolving technology. In 2020, Previn’s representation of SoundExchange, a digital performance rights nonprofit, resulted in a substantial increase in the royalty revenues that musicians will receive from internet radio services. He also secured a significant victory for copyright owner plaintiffs in a federal lawsuit against a hip-hop website, establishing a landmark precedent concerning infringement in the era of streaming. In other matters, he helped recover $150 million* in underpaid royalties for plaintiffs, and was a key player in a rate-setting trial in 2017 that achieved the largest-ever increase in the royalty rate owed by Sirius XM.
While studying at Harvard Law School, Previn served as Articles Co-Chair for the Harvard Law Review and earned the Sears Prize for receiving the highest grades in his second year. He was also selected as a Paul & Daisy Soros Fellow in 2009 and a Heyman Fellow in 2011. After completing his legal studies, Previn clerked for former Chief Judge Merrick B. Garland in the D.C. Circuit. He also worked as an enforcement attorney and senior advisor to the director of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau.
Previn is active in his community. His work in politics includes serving as counsel to the presidential campaign of Pete Buttigieg and serving as a criminal justice policy advisor for New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg’s administration. In 2022, he was appointed to the Board of Directors for the AAPI Victory Alliance, an organization that advocates for policies that empower Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders. Previn’s pro bono legal work has included defending the constitutional rights of prisoners in appeals before the D.C. Circuit and Seventh Circuit of the U.S. Court of Appeals, as well as a federal court challenge to the conditions of confinement in South Carolina’s juvenile detention centers. Earlier in his career, Previn served as an investigator for the Federal Defenders of New York, assisting prisoners in seeking reductions to their sentences.
* Please remember that every case is different. Any result we achieve for one client in one matter does not necessarily indicate similar results can be obtained for other clients.
Litigation AreasConsumer Fraud Protection
Education
J.D., magna cum laude, Harvard Law School, 2011
A.B., magna cum laude, Harvard College, 2004
Licensed In
- District of Columbia
Admitted to Practice Before
U.S. Court of Appeals for Seventh and D.C. Circuits
U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia
U.S. Court of Federal Claims
Associations
South Asian Bar Association
AAPI Victory Alliance
Awards and Accolades
2022 "Top Music Lawyer" | https://www.motleyrice.com/attorneys/previn-warren |
Oct 27, 2020 (The Expresswire) -- Global “ Liquid Manifolds Market ” 2020-2025 Research Report is a historical overview and in-depth study on the current and future market of the Liquid Manifolds industry. The report represents a basic overview of the Liquid Manifolds market share, competitor segment with a basic introduction of key vendors, top regions, product types, and end industries. This report gives a historical overview of the Liquid Manifolds market trends, growth, revenue, capacity, cost structure, and key driver’s analysis. The report further market inquiries about and assesses the current landscape of the ever-evolving business sector and the present and future effects of COVID-19 on the Liquid Manifolds market.
Final Report will add the analysis of the impact of COVID-19 on this industry.
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In addition, the report provides insight into main drivers of market demand and strategies of suppliers. Key players are profiled,and their market shares in the global Liquid Manifolds market are discussed. Also this report covers the historical situation, present status and the future prospects of the global Liquid Manifolds market for 2015-2025.
The report provides detailed profile and data information analysis of leading company. The major players in the Keyword market are:
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On the basis of product, this report displays the production, revenue, price, market share and growth rate of each type, primarily split into:
On the basis of the end users/applications, this report focuses on the status and outlook for major applications/end users, consumption (sales), market share and growth rate for each application, including:
Report Includes:
- data tables (appendix tables)
- Overview of global Liquid Manifolds market
- An detailed key players analysis across regions
- Analyses of global market trends, with historical data, estimates for 2020 and projections of compound annual growth rates (CAGRs) through 2025
- Insights into regulatory and environmental developments
- Information on the supply and demand scenario and evaluation of technological and investment opportunities in the Liquid Manifolds market
- Profiles of major players in the industry
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Research Objectives
1.To study and analyze the global Liquid Manifolds consumption (value and volume) by key regions/countries, product type and application, history data from 2015 to 2019, and forecast to 2025.
2.To understand the structure of Liquid Manifolds market by identifying its various sub segments.
3.Focuses on the key global Liquid Manifolds manufacturers, to define, describe and analyze the sales volume, value, market share, market competition landscape, Porter's five forces analysis, SWOT analysis and development plans in next few years.
4.To analyze the Liquid Manifolds with respect to individual growth trends, future prospects, and their contribution to the total market.
5.To share detailed information about the key factors influencing the growth of the market (growth potential, opportunities, drivers, industry-specific challenges and risks).
6.To project the consumption of Liquid Manifolds submarkets, with respect to key regions (along with their respective key countries).
7.To analyze competitive developments such as expansions, agreements, new product launches, and acquisitions in the market.
8.To strategically profile the key players and comprehensively analyze their growth strategies.
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Key Points from TOC: | http://www.sb.marketwatch.com/story/liquid-manifolds-market-size-2020-analysis-by-business-share-strategies-opportunities-revenue-expectation-future-trends-prominent-players-covid-19-impact-analysis-and-forecast-till-2025-2020-10-27 |
Known as the most abundant mineral in the body, calcium is a bone-strengthening mineral that works alongside other minerals and vitamins in the prevention of bone deterioration. Calcium also has a range of other benefits, including the maintenance of a regular heartbeat, transmission of nerve impulses, muscle growth, and contraction.
Magnesium plays a vital role in the prevention of calcification of soft tissue and may be as important as calcium in the prevention of bone loss. When magnesium is supplemented with calcium, the bones undergo stronger calcification, which may reduce the risk of developing osteoporosis.
Potassium is essential for fluid balance in the body and proper cellular signaling, while zinc is involved in hundreds of enzymatic reactions vital to a healthy immune system and gastrointestinal function as well as protein synthesis and collagen formation.
Natural Factors Calcium & Magnesium Citrate Plus Potassium & Zinc helps in the development and maintenance of bones and teeth. Minerals in the citrate form are ideal for those with low stomach acid levels as they are more readily absorbed and metabolized by the body. | https://goodnessme.ca/products/calcium-magnesium-citrate-plus-potassium-1 |
A Cornell-led team of engineers has discovered a crystalline material with ultralow thermal conductivity – thus, the ability to turn heat into electricity – which could lead to the design of novel energy conversion materials and devices.
Hybrid (organic-inorganic) perovskites are a new class of materials that have shown great potential for improving solar cells because of their ability to cheaply and efficiently convert light into electricity, but little is understood about their ability to conduct heat.
After studying a popular hybrid perovskite and identifying the mechanisms for its low thermal conductivity, Zhiting Tian, assistant professor of mechanical and aerospace engineering, turned her attention to a hybrid perovskite analogue, methylammonium bismuth iodide (CH3NH3)3Bi2I9, which she hypothesized would have an even lower thermal conductivity because of the unique disconnected structure of its inorganic molecules.
The thermal conductivity of the material was measured to be .23 Watts-per-meter-Kelvin at 300 kelvins (80 degrees Fahrenheit), among the lowest ever observed in a crystal. The results are detailed in the study “Supercompliant and Soft (CH3NH3)3Bi2I9 Crystal with Ultralow Thermal Conductivity,” published Oct. 10 in the journal Physical Review Letters.
“Previously we thought only amorphous material can reach very low thermal conductivity,” said Tian, referring to material lacking lattice structure, “but I think this study, along with several recent studies on hybrid materials, may change our view and point us in a new direction.”
One application for materials with ultralow thermal conductivity is in thermoelectrics – devices that can turn heat directly into electricity. A notable example is aboard the Curiosity Mars rover, which converts the heat released from the decay of a radioactive material into electricity. Engineers are hoping to expand the use of thermoelectrics using new materials that make the technology cheaper and more efficient so that they can be used to capture heat from the sun, cars or even the human body.
For the study, Tian led a team of researchers that grew a single crystal of their hybrid material, then bombarded it with high-energy X-rays to measure how the X-rays scattered. The results showed numerous unexpected data points, which all indicated that the material would be soft and possess an ultralow thermal conductivity.
Tian said the unique properties have to do with the interactions between the material’s organic and inorganic molecules. Typically, inorganic molecules – defined by their lack of carbon-hydrogen bonds – bond tightly to each other and have strong interactions with adjoining inorganic compounds, but that is not the case with methylammonium bismuth iodide. Instead, the weak electrostatic interactions between molecules provide a difficult pathway for phonons to travel, giving the material a poor ability to transport heat.
The work provides valuable benchmark data of thermal transport properties for organic-inorganic perovskites, and will help in the design of new materials for energy applications, according to Tian.
Tian’s research group is now characterizing the properties of a new class of 2D organic-inorganic perovskites in search of even lower thermal conductivity.
“It’s an emerging class of materials and there’s still so much we don’t know,” said Tian. “I find it really fascinating to see these properties that were not observed before in inorganic materials.”
The study was funded by Tian’s 2017 National Science Foundation Early-Career Award, and co-authored by Shefford Baker, associate professor of materials science and engineering. Other contributors are from Virginia Tech, the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, the Illinois Institute of Technology and Argonne National Laboratory.
Syl Kacapyr is public relations and content manager for the College of Engineering. | https://news.cornell.edu/stories/2019/10/discovery-opens-door-novel-thermoelectric-materials |
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What is the Meaning of: Heartbeat | Concept and Definition of: Heartbeat
The rhythm is the repetition (or frequency) more or less important event. This is the number of times that a given periodic process repeats over time. More the pace is important, more repetition or regularity increases. Heart, from the latin cardiăcus, said of what is bound or belongs in the heart. This muscular organ which, in the case of humans, is located in the thoracic cavity, is responsible for boosting the blood. Mean heart rate the number of beats (heartbeat) per unit of time. This frequency is usually expressed as the number of pulsations per minute, where the normal number varies according to the conditions of the body (if it is active or at rest). The pulse can be taken at various locations on the body. The most common are the wrist, neck and chest because that is where we get to feel the heartbeat more easily. The most used to measure heart rate pulse points are those in which the arteries are closer to the skin. For a correct pulse taking, should be supported with the index and major finger (because the thumb has its own pulse). The fingers should exert a slight pressure on the area where the artery passes so that we can feel the pulse. Heart rate varies according to the characteristics of each person, depending on the physical condition, age, genetics and environmental conditions, among other factors. A healthy adult has a heart rate between 60 and 100 beats per minute, which can fall to 40 during sleep and go up to 200 in full physical activity.
Translated for educational purposes Note: This translation is provided for educational purposes and may be imprecise and inaccurate.
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What is the Meaning of: Heartbeat | Concept and Definition of: Heartbeat
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