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HR leaders must invest in mental health resources and continue to have open and honest conversations with employees around mental wellbeing.
7 tips for retaining employees during addiction treatment
Substance abuse and addiction have been consistently on the rise during the COVID-19 pandemic, and it may be affecting your employees. Here’s how you can help an employee struggling with addiction remain a productive team member while prioritizing their health and treatment.
Building post-pandemic team resilience
By building team resilience, talent leaders can help teams flourish amidst change and enable them to succeed in a post-pandemic world. Here are four actionable ways to boost team resilience.
Where have all the women gone? COVID-19 sends support systems up in smoke, leading women to burnout—and drop out
The third in a five-part series, this installment looks at the challenge of mental wellness and burnout among the female workforce and how employers can better support their female employees.
The rise of the new well-being era
We need a new model of corporate life where thriving employees are not seen as a luxury, but as the key propeller of sustainable corporate performance.
Shining a light on workforce mental health and wellness
Due to the extreme challenges brought on by the pandemic, many organizational leaders are resolute in adopting new measures aimed at supporting mental health and wellness in the workplace. | https://www.talentmgt.com/article_tag/mental-health/ |
The Avery Point Campus is seeking applications for the position of Executive Program Director (UCP 9). Working under the general direction and administrative guidance of the Campus Director, the Executive Program Director will serve as the Director of Academic Services. The Director of Academic Services will be responsible for planning, supervision, and administration of academic and program support for faculty, staff and students at the Avery Point campus. They will also be expected to lead academic planning including curriculum development, class scheduling and course registration; and the recruiting and hiring of contingent faculty and instructional specialists. The Director of Academic Services is a member of the campus senior leadership team and will be expected to actively participate in long term planning and execution of the campus mission.
DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES
- Directs the day-to-day operation and administration of the Academic Services Unit, including the Academic Center and Registration Services in accordance with program goals and objectives; oversees program coordination and logistics; prepares necessary reports; resolves problems and makes changes to accommodate changing priorities and needs.
- Manages the approval, hiring and mentoring processes for contingent faculty. Acts as a liaison between the academic department and campus in the hiring process. Provides appropriate mentoring and supervision, to adjunct instructors, teaching assistants and instructional specialists. Also, collaborates with other University departments to deliver professional development opportunities for faculty.
- Recommends staffing needs; determines work assignments and work schedules to most effectively meet program needs; resolves personnel challenges and reviews personnel actions to ensure compliance with collective bargaining agreements and with University, state and funding agency regulations.
- Partners with faculty to develop and advance campus curriculum. Manages course scheduling and registration processes for the Avery Point campus including supervising the registration and related data-analysis process; managing the first and second year general education curriculum; and working with faculty to develop and schedule upper division courses in support of Avery Point's four year programs.
- Performs office management duties for the program; directs the work flow and supervises the necessary administrative paperwork, records, and complex filing system to support program, including fiscal and personnel records.
- Develops and appropriately advocates for budgetary resources and manages approved program budget; makes decisions regarding appropriateness of expenditures and prepares budget reports and projections.
- Coordinates work between units within program/department/division.
- Develops, administers, and evaluates workshops, training programs, courses or curricula, in accordance with program goals.
- Serves as a resource to faculty, staff, and others on matters relating to program policies, procedures and activities. Develops policies and procedures, in consultation with supervisor.
- Evaluates effectiveness of program services and policies through the collection and analysis of program data; identifies problems and institutes changes or makes recommendations for major changes.
- Is responsible for special projects/operations which may be ongoing or short-term and which require planning, development, implementation, and thorough knowledge of the program content and activities.
- Performs related duties as required.
MINIMUM QUALIFICATIONS
Master's degree and three to five years relevant experience in academic administration; experience in higher education course and classroom management as well as in identifying and resolving complex or unusual teaching and learning problems; excellent administrative and organizational skills, including ability to identify and resolve complex or unusual administrative problems such as curriculum development and course scheduling; demonstrated ability to work both independently and as well as part of a team and strong supervisory skills for managing teaching, professional, temporary and student staff.
PREFERRED QUALIFICATIONS:
Classroom teaching experience; curriculum development and course scheduling expertise; demonstrated ability to work collaboratively with faculty, staff, and students from a variety of backgrounds and experiences; demonstrated administrative leadership experience.
APPOINTMENT TERMS
This is a full-time position. Salary will be commensurate with education and experience.
TO APPLY
Please apply online using UConn Jobs, www.jobs.uconn.edu, Staff Positions. Interested candidates will upload a cover letter, resume and a list of three professional references. Screening of applications will begin immediately. Employment of the successful candidate will be contingent upon the successful completion of a pre-employment criminal background check. (Search #2017564)
This job posting is scheduled to be removed at 11:59 p.m. Eastern time on July 6, 2017.
All employees are subject to adherence to the State Code of Ethics which may be found at http://www.ct.gov/ethics/site/default.asp.
The University of Connecticut is committed to building and supporting a multicultural and diverse community of students, faculty and staff. The diversity of students, faculty and staff continues to increase, as does the number of honors students, valedictorians and salutatorians who consistently make UConn their top choice. More than 100 research centers and institutes serve the University's teaching, research, diversity, and outreach missions, leading to UConn's ranking as one of the nation's top research universities. UConn's faculty and staff are the critical link to fostering and expanding our vibrant, multicultural and diverse University community. As an Affirmative Action/Equal Employment Opportunity employer, UConn encourages applications from women, veterans, people with disabilities and members of traditionally underrepresented populations. | https://careers.insidehighered.com/job/1390314/executive-program-director-ucp-9-/ |
(inspired by Rachel Hollis’ Last 90 Days – Rise Podcast, episode 116 “How to change your life today”)
Don’t you just love this time of year? The weather is getting warmer, Sydney has moved to daylight savings time and you can just feel the long lazy Summer days ahead. It’s so tempting to sit back and relax because before you know it, the holidays will be upon us.
But is that a good idea? Three months is a full quarter of a year. That’s 12 weeks of solid work we can pack in, to set ourselves up for a great 2020!
I want to challenge you not to coast into the New Year. It’s easy to take the pressure off and forget what we have already achieved and that we’ve still got time to kick some more goals. Here’s my 3 step process on how to charge into the last quarter of the year with enthusiasm.
-
Review your goals for the year
Remember how excited you were at the beginning of this year? You set those challenging goals for yourself, but have you referred back to them at all during the year? It’s never too late to work towards achieving them. Have a think about what steps you can take in order to reach them.
Alternatively, are the goals you set still relevant? Perhaps you’ve taken a slightly different direction in your business and you need to revise them slightly? Perhaps you’ve already succeeded in what you had planned and now need to stretch yourself further!
-
Acknowledge and celebrate all you have achieved
For every goal that you set, acknowledge the work that you have put in to reaching them. What steps did you take? Even if you haven’t reached the goal yet, acknowledge all that you’ve done so far. Every action is a step forward. Make sure that you write it down. Seeing the list grow before your eyes is a magical thing.
If there were any goals that you set that no longer resonate with you, accept it and let it go. There is no point dwelling on them and feeling guilty for things that didn’t happen.
Lastly, look for the curve balls that life threw at you and acknowledge the impact that they had on you achieving or not achieving your goals. What were they, how did they affect you and if they came up again, would you handle them differently?
Take a moment to step back from the process at this point and congratulate yourself. No matter where you are and what you’ve done, you’ve made progress! (You may also at this point open a bottle of champagne or purchase your favourite chocolate. Go on. You deserve it.)
-
Prioritise your goals / action items for the last quarter
Now it’s time to choose which of your goals (whether old or new) is the priority for you right now. Which ones are going to give you the greatest satisfaction once you achieve them? Which ones are going to give you the greatest momentum going into 2020?
Push them to the top of the list.
Now write a list of steps or action items that you need to take to make those goals a reality. Even if you recognise that you may not achieve the goals as expected, any action is good action.
I’ve shared my October Goal Check In with you below to show you how looking back, looking down and the looking forward can energise you for the next three months. I hope this has inspired you to keep going until the end of the year and to not be tempted to wind down just yet.
October Goal Check In
|GOAL||STEPS TAKEN||PRIORITY OR LET GO?||STEPS TO TAKE|
|Perform market research to understand the needs and frustrations of health professionals|| – Changed focus from health professionals to small business owners
|
– Created survey in SurveyMonkey
– Received 45 responses
|Let it go. Ideally would like 100 responses but Facebook group rules often rule out posting links to a survey||Continue to look back at responses for pain points and topic suggestions|
|Develop sales plan||– Reviewed packages and pricing||Change focus to optimising my website, reviewing my email welcome sequence and encouraging more people to book a free consult with me.|| – Update pricing on website and FB page
|
– Work with copywriter and web developer to integrate email marketing better with website
|Create a daily schedule to better manage my time||DONE!||Achieved so can let this one go||Review schedule daily to make sure I’m on track|
|Develop a paid marketing strategy to scale my sales|| – Have undertaken the Elevatory course which has taken me through sales, marketing, mindset and paid advertising
|
– Have decided to outsource and spoken with someone who can run ads for me.
|Priority!|| – Complete a brief for FB advertising manager
|
– Determine copy and images to be used
|WHAT GOT ADDED||I recognised that I didn’t have much room for joy or health, so I made it a priority to bring that into the year|
|Health|| – Took son to new ENT and speech therapist
|
– Starting seeing a Naturopath to help with energy levels and weight loss
– Started seeing a PT to help me with my personal goals
| – Son’s specialists appointments are now done!! | https://www.theflowsociety.com.au/2019/10/16/winding-up-or-winding-down-making-the-most-of-2019/ |
Essential CIO skills to progress into a business leader
A chief information officer today is majorly involved in a company’s strategic development. Here are five must-have CIO skills to evolve into a business leader.
Playing a business leadership role requires many traits. CIOs are required to hone their skill sets to adjust to the new role, apart from just being technocrats. Business leadership requires one to orient towards business i.e. business growth, high market share, profitability and continuously improving stakeholders’ value. To achieve this, we highlight a few crucial CIO skills.
1) Business acumen: As part of the CIO skills required to become a successful business leader, the CIO should understand the business thoroughly to drive long-term business strategies for development and execution. It is very important to translate every action into a business context. For instance, deploying an enterprise resource planning (ERP) system is a technological decision, but the wonders it does for the company from the business side is remarkable.
2) Dilemma flipping: To be a business leader, a CIO should have the ability to turn dilemmas (which, unlike problems, cannot be solved) into advantages and opportunities. Converting problems/crisis into opportunities is one of the greatest skills required by a CIO to be a perfect business leader.
3) Maker instinct: It is the ability to exploit one’s inner drive to build and grow things, as well as connect with others in the making. Innovation is key to success and growth and as a business leader, a CIO should be constantly on the toes to explore various avenues. Although this is a vital part of CIO skills, it is more prominently felt as a must for a business leader.
4) Taking ownership and responsibility: A business leader has more roles and responsibilities than a CIO. An important aspect of CIO skills is taking ownership for one’s decision. Not only does this earn a leader the respect of his team members, but also builds their trust in him. This faith in team leadership ensures better output. A CIO can pass the buck, but a business leader cannot.
5) Constructive depolarizing: It is the ability to calm tense situations where differences dominate and communication has broken down. As a part of CIO skills, the CIO should be capable of solving intra-team and inter-team issues and bring people from divergent cultures towards constructive engagement.
About the author: T.G Dhandapani is the group CIO at TVS Motor and Sundaram Clayton group. He has been with the group for over a decade and is responsible for the ERP implementation and development, implementation and maintenance of other IT strategies. | https://www.computerweekly.com/tip/Essential-CIO-skills-to-progress-into-a-business-leader |
MURRAY, Ky. (WKRN) – The Murray State athletic department was informed today of an off-campus incident that occurred on Friday, August 25 that allegedly involved sophomore running back Mareio McGraw, 19.
“Everyone is innocent until proven guilty and the legal process will take its course as it relates to this alleged incident,” said Director of Athletics Allen Ward. “However, based on the information we have been provided, we believe the matter warrants dismissing Mareio from the team for violating both department policy and team rules.”
“As with all discipline and legal matters, we will continue to monitor the situation closely and evaluate additional information as it becomes available from local law enforcement who are handling the investigation,” stated Ward.
Murray State University and the Department of Athletics had no further comment. | |
We kick started our Departure Day by mummifying an tomato.
We carefully took out the 'organs' and talked about how the Ancient Egyptians would have put them in canopic jars.
We talked about why this was done, and what would have happened to the poorer Egyptians.
We then cleaned the tomatoes and used natron (salt and bicarbonate of soda) to dry out the flesh. We will check the tomatoes in a few weeks time to see what has happened. | https://www.sicklinghallprimary.co.uk/autumn-2-departure-day |
Introduction {#s1}
============
*Plasmodium falciparum* infection still causes millions of malaria cases and deaths worldwide, mainly in sub-Saharan Africa \[[@B1]\]. The complex nature of the parasite and the lack of immune correlates of protection are impairing the development of a vaccine against malaria. In addition, the understanding of the mechanisms of induction and maintenance of immunological memory is very limited. Epidemiological data show that age and repetitive *P. falciparum* infections are key factors in naturally acquired immunity to malaria. Immunity to severe clinical symptoms and later to clinical malaria is achieved quite rapidly after few infections. However, immunity to parasitemia develops only after repeated infections over a number of years, it is not sterile and thus asymptomatic infections may exist throughout life \[[@B2]\].
Mechanisms of immunity to malaria are complex and include antibody and cellular responses that are required for both anti-parasitic and clinical immunity \[[@B3],[@B4]\]. Cellular immune responses involved in immunity include (i) interferon (IFN)-γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) producing CD8^+^ T cells that inhibit parasite development and destroy infected hepatocytes, (ii) IFN-γ and memory CD4^+^ T cells that activate macrophages to phagocyte parasitized erythrocytes and merozoites, and (iii) regulatory T cells that control pathogenesis \[[@B4]\]. Despite the identification of these responses and several antigens putatively involved in protection, there is no biomarker that has reliably been shown to correlate with immunity. However, cytokines could be considered biomarkers of immunity and/or disease progression due to their prognostic role \[[@B5]--[@B7]\]. Cytokines and chemokines mediate cellular immune responses and they are responsible for the symptoms and pathological alterations during malaria disease. In fact, the outcome of the infection depends on the regulation of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory immune responses, leading to protection or immunopathology \[[@B8]\].
It is commonly believed that anti-malarial immunity is short-lived and that continuous exposure to parasite antigens is needed to maintain it. In this line, it has been observed that severe disease and pro-inflammatory responses might not be less common among immigrants than among individuals who have not been previously exposed to malaria \[[@B9]\]. However, most clinical evidence indicate that after several years without exposure to *P. falciparum* infection, immigrants still maintain some immunity to clinical malaria, and their disease episodes are characteristically milder compared to naïve travelers with malaria \[[@B10]--[@B16]\]. Importantly, malaria epidemiology studies in areas of low and unstable transmission, such as South Africa and Madagascar, have shown that prior exposure, even several decades before, had a significant protective effect much later in life \[[@B17]--[@B19]\], suggesting persistence of immunological memory in the absence of re-infection. Therefore, it seems likely that people exposed to malaria do accumulate cellular immune memory, but few studies have investigated *Plasmodium*-specific cellular memory immune responses in malaria-exposed people. Remarkably, it was recently shown that antigen-specific IFN-γ and IL-2 T cell responses, as well as γδ T cells, can remain undiminished up to 14 months after a single *P. falciparum* experimental infection \[[@B20]\]. Under natural exposure conditions, IFN-γ CD4^+^ T cell responses to *P. falciparum* appeared to be short-lived (half-life of 3.3 years) in areas of unstable malaria transmission, whereas IL-10 CD4+ T cells did not appear to decline for 6 years \[[@B21]\]. In another study, regulatory T cells circulating during acute malaria episode almost exclusively expressed an activated memory phenotype suggesting that they expanded from a pre-existing pool of memory T-cells \[[@B22]\].
In this study, we aimed to identify peripheral cytokines and chemokines during a malaria episode as potential biomarkers for maintenance or loss of immunity after an extended cessation of exposure to *P. falciparum*. We recruited African immigrants living in Spain for an average 7 years returning from a malaria endemic area with a malaria episode. Cytokine and chemokine serum levels on admission were compared with those of naïve travelers with a first clinical malaria episode, and semi-immune adults from a malaria endemic area of Mozambique presenting to hospital with clinical malaria. Results provide insights into immune responses that might be key for the induction and maintenance of immunity to clinical malaria in relation to history of exposure to *P. falciparum* and could help in the identification of cytokine/chemokine prognosis markers.
Methods {#s2}
=======
Ethics Statement {#s2.1}
----------------
Written informed consent was obtained from participants before sample collection. Approval for the protocols was obtained from the Hospital Clínic of Barcelona Ethics Review Committee and the National Mozambican Ethics Review Committee. Parasitemic individuals were treated according to standard national guidelines at the time of the studies. The antimalarial drug regimen used to treat patients in Spain was Malarone (atovaquone/proguanil) or quinine plus doxycycline if intravenous treatment was needed and in Mozambique the treatment was artesunate plus sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine.
Study design, subjects and sample collection {#s2.2}
--------------------------------------------
Patients attending the Tropical Medicine Units at Hospital Clínic de Barcelona (Barcelona, Spain), Hospital Arnau de Vilanova (Lleida, Spain) and Hospital Santa Caterina de Salt (Girona, Spain) between 2005 and 2009 were invited to participate. Sick volunteers enrolled in the study were African adults residing in Spain (immigrants, n=55) and adults from non-African origin without previous episodes of malaria (travelers, n=22) \[[@B23]\] who had been diagnosed with *P. falciparum* malaria after traveling to an African country. Malaria was defined by the presence of *P. falciparum* on Giemsa-stained blood smears detected by light microscopy together with fever and other clinical signs of malaria. Parasitemia in blood was assessed by thin blood smears by examining 10 to 100 high power fields and counting from 1,000 erythrocytes up to 10,000 erythrocytes depending on the parasite numbers, and expressed as the percentage of parasitized erythrocytes. In addition, 38 immigrants or travelers attending the Tropical Medicine Units presenting with other diseases but without malaria were also recruited ([Table 1](#tab1){ref-type="table"}). Most of them had a febrile syndrome or traveler diarrhea, but also giardiasis, katayama syndrome, mononucleosis syndrome EBV, pneumonia, pruritus eczema, anxiety disorder, appendicitis, dermatitis, toxic syndrome, viral infection, ketoacidosis, diabetes, headache, spontaneous abortion, bacterial lung abscess, HIV infection were diagnosed. Blood samples from acute malaria episodes (day 0) and at convalescence after malaria treatment (days 7 and 28) and blood samples from non-malaria patients were collected by venipuncture into one vacutainer without anticoagulant for serum cryopreservation at -80^°^ C. Clinical and demographical data were recorded in standardized questionnaires. Data on cytokine levels in serum from travelers have been previously published \[[@B23]\], but are re-analysed here for comparison to the immigrant group.
###### Description of study participants.
**Immigrants** **Travelers** **Semi-Immunes**
-------------------------------------------- ----------------- --------------- ------------------ ------------ ----------------------
N
Day 0 55 17 22 21 90
Day 7 31 na 14 na na
Day 28 11 na 6 na na
Age, median IQR (years)^d^ 34 (29,43) 36 (30,44) 31 (28,38) 31 (28,38) 26 (19,36)
Sex^e^, n (%)
Males 40 (72.7) 7 (41.18) 15 (75) 9 (42.86) 52 (53)
Origin area, n (%)
Europe 0 (0) 0 (0) 17 (85) 21 (100) 0 (0)
Africa 54 (100) 17 (100) 0 (0) 0 (0) 90 (100)
Others 0 (0) 0 (0) 3 (15) 0 (0) 0 (0)
Time since immigration, median IQR (years) 7 (5,14) 4 (1,8) na na na
Number of returns, n (%)
0 5 (9.6) 6 (42.86) na na na
1-2 11 (21.2) 2 (14.29) na na na
3-4 26 (50) 3 (21.43) na na na
\>5 10 (19.2) 3 (21.43) na na na
Parasitemia by microscopy
median IQR (%)^f^ 0.4 (0.02; 1.5) na 0.075 (0.01;0.8) na nd
median IQR (parasites/μl) nd na nd na 35379 (14338; 61176)
Symptoms, n (%)
Fever na 7 (41.18) na 12 (57.14) na
Nauseas, epigastralgia na 3 (17.65) na 2 (9.52) na
Discomfort, arthralgia, anxiety na 3 (17.65) na 1 (4.76) na
Respiratory infection na 1 (5.88) na 1 (4.76) na
Cough na 1 (5.88) na 0 (0) na
Ketoacidosis na 1 (5.88) na 0 (0) na
Lung abscess na 1 (5.88) na 0 (0) na
Diarrhea n (%) na 0 (0) na 4 (19.05) na
Skin lesion na 0 (0) na 1 (4.76) na
Abbreviations: na, not applicable; nd, not determined; IQR, Interquartile range
^a^ Immigrants returned from visiting their countries of origin: Cameroon (n=3, 5.5%), Ghana (n=8, 14.6%), Guinea-Conakry (n=4, 7.3%), Equatorial Guinea (n=12, 21.8%), Gambia (n=8, 4.6%), Mali (n= 4, 7.3%), Mauritania (n=1, 1.8%), Mozambique (n=1, 1.8%), Nigeria (n=6, 10.9%) and Senegal (n=7, 12.7%). Data was missing for one immigrant.
^b^ Immigrants without malaria were from Benin (n=1, 5.9%), Burkina Faso (n=2, 11.8%), Guinea-Conakry (n=2, 11.8%), Equatorial Guinea (n=2, 11.8%), Gambia (n=1, 5.9%), Kenya (n=1, 5.9%), Mali (n=3, 17.7%), Mauritania (n=1, 5.9%), Mozambique (n=1, 5.9%), Nigeria (n=1, 5.9%), Senegal (n=1, 5.9%) and Sudan (n=1, 5.9%).
^c^ Travelers came from Burkina Faso & Mali & Senegal (n=1, 5.0%), Burkina Faso (n=3, 15.0%), Burkina Faso & Mali & Ghana & Togo (n=1, 5.0%), Ivory Coast (n=1, 5.0%), Guinea-Conakry (n=1, 5.0%), Equatorial Guinea (n=3, 15.0%), Gambia & Senegal (n=1, 5.0%), Madagascar (n=1, 5.0%), Mali (n=1, 5.0%), Mozambique (n=2, 10.0%), Mozambique & South Africa (n=1, 5.0%), Senegal (n=3, 15.0%) and Sierra Leone & Senegal (n=1, 5.0%). Data was missing for two travelers.
^d^ *P*=0.0001 Kruskal Wallis test.
^e^ *P*=0.0140 χ^2^ test.
^f^ *P*=0.0890 Mann-Whitney test.
Additionally, 90 semi-immune adults with life-long exposure to *P. falciparum* were recruited in the context of a hospital-based study conducted at the Centro de Investigaçao em Saúde de Manhiça (Manhiça, Mozambique), where malaria transmission is perennial, with some seasonality and of moderate intensity. Non-pregnant women and men patients attending the Manhiça District Hospital with a diagnosis of *P. falciparum* clinical malaria in 2006 were enrolled into the study \[[@B24]\]. Clinical malaria was defined as the presence of asexual *P. falciparum* parasites on blood smears, together with fever. Blood slides were read to quantify parasitemia following standard quality-controlled procedures at the CISM laboratory. Blood films were Giemsa-stained, and examined using a light microscope. Parasite density was assessed by counting the number of asexual stage parasites until 500 leukocytes or parasites had been counted. Slides were declared negative only after 2,000 leukocytes had been counted. Parasite numbers were converted to a count/mL by assuming a standard leukocyte count of 8,000/mL. All sides were read by two independent microscopists and a third reading was performed if there was discrepancy in positivity or the ratio of densities from the two readings was more than 1.5 or the absolute difference was 10 parasites/mL. Blood samples were collected by venipuncture into heparinized vacutainers and plasma samples cryopreserved at -80^°^ C.
Cytokine and chemokine levels {#s2.3}
-----------------------------
Concentrations (pg/mL) of interleukin (IL)-12p70, IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-8, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF and TNF-β in plasma and serum were measured using a commercial multiplex suspension array kit (Human Th1/Th2 11plex FlowCytomix kit, Bender MedSystems, Austria) and flow cytometry. This kit was chosen after comparison of several commercial kits to measure cytokine responses to *P. falciparum* \[[@B25]\]. Twenty-five µL of plasma or serum were tested following manufacturer's instructions and one positive control was used in each plate for qualitative evaluation of the assay performance. Mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) from microspheres was acquired with a BD FACSCanto II and analyzed in FlowCytomix Pro2.2.1 software (Bender MedSystems). A 7-point dilution standard curve supplied by the manufacturer was performed in duplicates in each assay, and concentration of each analyte was obtained by interpolating MFI to a 5-parameter logistic regression curve automatically calculated by the FlowCytomix software for each analyte. Any value below the limits of detection was given a value of half the detection limit for that cytokine or chemokine.
Statistical methods {#s2.4}
-------------------
Categorical variables were presented as frequencies or percentages, and their comparison between patient groups was done using chi-square test or Fisher's exact test. For non-normally distributed continuous variables, medians and interquartile ranges (IRQ) were shown and their comparison between groups was done using the non-parametric Kruskal Wallis test or the Mann--Whitney U test. TNF-β was excluded from the statistical analysis since concentration in most samples was below the limit of detection (14/267 \[5.24%\]) as we have observed before in previous studies \[[@B8],[@B23]\]. Correlations within groups were assessed by Spearman's rank coefficient. *P*-values \<0.05 were considered statistically significant. Although Bonferoni tests were performed, crude p values reported in this exploratory study were not adjusted for multiple comparisons and were interpreted for internal coherence, consistency of results and biological plausibility. All data collected were analyzed using Stata version 11.0 (Stata Corporation, College Station, TX, USA).
Results {#s3}
=======
Description of participants {#s3.1}
---------------------------
[Table 1](#tab1){ref-type="table"} shows the characteristics of the study participants. Age was lower in semi-immune adults compared to immigrants and travelers (*P*\>0.0001) and there were more males in the immigrant and traveler groups with malaria than in the other groups (*P*=0.0140). Immigrants were original of different African countries and most of the travelers were from Europe. Visiting countries were very heterogeneous among immigrants and travelers. Immigrants returned from visiting their countries of origin. Immigrants with malaria had lived for a median of 7 years in Spain and 9.6% had never returned to their original country before, 21.1% had returned 1 to 2 times, 50% 3 to 4 times and 19.2% had returned more than 5 times. Immigrants without malaria had a different time since immigration, but this difference was not statistically significant. No significant differences were detected in parasitemias between immigrants and travelers ([Table 1](#tab1){ref-type="table"}).
Differential cytokine profiling in immigrants compared to semi-immune adults {#s3.2}
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Immigrants showed a different cytokine profile than semi-immune adults during an acute malaria episode ([Figure 1](#pone-0073360-g001){ref-type="fig"}). Immigrants had significantly higher serum IL-2 (median \[IQR\] of 14.74 \[8.20; 22.97\] pg/mL), IL-5 (0.80 \[0.80; 2.87\] pg/mL) and IL-8 (52.2 \[32.72; 114.69\]) pg/mL levels compared to plasma levels in semi-immune adults (8.20 \[8.20; 8.20\] pg/mL, *P*=0.0001; 0.80 \[0.80; 0.80\] pg/mL, *P*=0.0187; and 32.32 \[14.69; 51.61\] pg/mL, *P*=0.0200, respectively). However, only IL-2 differences remained statistically significant after applying a correction test for multiple comparisons.
![Effect of loss of exposure on cytokine responses in immigrants compared to semi-immune individuals, all with a malaria acute episode.\
Cytokines and chemokines were measured in serum from immigrants and plasma from semi-immune adults by a multiplex suspension array kit and flow cytometry. The boxplots illustrate the medians and the 25^th^ and 75^th^ quartile and the whiskers represent the 10% and 90% percentiles. Outliers are marked with circles. A Mann Whitney U test was performed for each comparison, and significant *P* values (*P*\<0.05) are shown.](pone.0073360.g001){#pone-0073360-g001}
To determine the effect of time since immigration on the cytokine responses in a malaria acute episode, Spearman correlation coefficients were calculated for cytokines and years since immigration ([Figure 2](#pone-0073360-g002){ref-type="fig"}). IFN-γ and IL-2 correlated positively with time since immigration.
![Effect of time of immigration on IL-2 and IFN-γ serum concentrations.\
Cytokine concentrations in serum from immigrants were measured by multiplex suspension array kit and flow cytometry and correlated with time of immigration. Only significant correlations are shown. Correlations were performed using Spearman's test, n=52.](pone.0073360.g002){#pone-0073360-g002}
Differential cytokine profiling in immigrants compared to naïve travelers {#s3.3}
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cytokine and chemokine serum levels were measured in all immigrants and travelers during the acute malaria episode and in a subset of patients during convalescence (31 immigrants and 14 travelers at day 7; 11 immigrants and 6 travelers at day 28; [Figure 3](#pone-0073360-g003){ref-type="fig"}). Immigrants had lower concentrations of IFN-γ in an acute episode of malaria (median \[IQR\] of 12.1 \[6.11; 32.88\] pg/mL) and at day 7 of convalescence (7.97 \[2.09: 23.78\] pg/mL) compared to naïve adults with a first episode of malaria (584.535 \[77.17; 1446.56\] pg/mL, *P*\<0.0001; and 23.23 \[14.38; 259.39\] pg/mL, respectively, *P*=0.0334). Immigrants also had higher levels of IL-10 at day 28 of convalescence (7.74 \[0.95; 10.25\] pg/mL) compared to naïve adults (0.95 \[0.95: 0.95\] pg/mL, *P*=0.0090). However, only differences in IFN-γ levels remained statistically significant after correcting for multiple comparisons.
![Effect of loss of exposure on cytokine responses in immigrants compared to naïve individuals, all with a malaria episode.\
Serum cytokine and chemokine concentrations in immigrants and travelers at different time-points during and after a malaria episode: during an acute malaria episode (day 0, black boxes) and at convalescence (day 7 dark grey, day 28 light grey). Data are presented as boxplots that illustrate the medians and the 25^th^ and 75^th^ quartile and the whiskers represent the 10% and 90% percentiles. Outliers are marked with circles. A Mann Whitney U test was performed for each comparison, and significant *P* values (*P*\<0.05) are shown.](pone.0073360.g003){#pone-0073360-g003}
To evaluate the magnitude of the cytokine/chemokine responses as well as its kinetics from acute to convalescent phases, ratios of cytokine/chemokine concentrations between days 0, 7 and 28 were calculated. Day 0 to day 7 ratios of IL-4 and IL-1β were significantly higher in immigrants compared to travelers (*P*=0.0023 and *P*=0.0084, respectively). In immigrants, there was also a trend to have higher ratio of IL-12 (*P*=0.0513) and TNF (*P*=0.0684), and lower ratio of IFN-γ (*P*=0.0954). There were no differences in day 0 to day 28 ratios (data not shown).
Cytokine and chemokine responses correlating with parasite densities {#s3.4}
--------------------------------------------------------------------
IL-10 and IL-6 levels correlated positively with parasitemias in immigrants and travelers ([Table 2](#tab2){ref-type="table"}). Levels of IL-8 only correlated with parasitemia in travelers, and IL-1β in immigrants. None of the cytokines/chemokine tested correlated with parasite density in semi-immune adults.
###### Relevant Spearman correlations of parasitemia or parasite density with serum or plasma cytokine/chemokines.
**Immigrants** **Semi-Immunes** **Travelers**
------- ---------------- ------------------ --------------- ---------- -------- ----------
IL-10 0.4760 *0.0004* 0.1064 *0.3182* 0.6324 *0.0028*
IL-8 0.1876 *0.1875* -0.0451 *0.6731* 0.5061 *0.0228*
IL-6 0.2772 *0.0489* 0.0740 *0.4880* 0.7277 *0.0003*
IL-1β 0.2819 *0.0451* -0.0441 *0.6797* 0.4873 *0.4873*
Cytokine/chemokine concentrations did not show any correlation with age or any association with the area of birth or with the travel destination where immigrants and travelers became infected (data not shown). Also, there were no correlations among cytokines/chemokines and antibody responses to *P. falciparum* antigens \[[@B26]\] in these patients (data not shown).
Cytokine and chemokine profiles during clinical malaria episodes {#s3.5}
----------------------------------------------------------------
Patients presenting to the Tropical Medicine Units with an acute malaria episode showed a different cytokine/chemokine profile than patients presenting with other symptoms ([Table 1](#tab1){ref-type="table"}). Travelers and immigrants with clinical malaria had an overall stronger cytokine/chemokine response ([Figure 4](#pone-0073360-g004){ref-type="fig"}). IFN-γ levels were higher in travelers (median \[IQR\] of 584.535 \[77.17; 1446.56\] pg/mL) and immigrants (12.1 \[6.11; 32.88\] pg/mL) with malaria, compared to individuals with other diseases (24.3 \[5.88; 113.11\] pg/mL, *P*=0.0003 and 5.64 \[2.81; 8.43\] pg/mL, *P*=0.0069, respectively). IL-6 levels were also higher in travelers (13.085 \[8.17; 27.69\] pg/mL) and immigrants (10.59 \[5.65; 43.1\] pg/mL) with malaria than in patients without malaria (5.26 \[0.6; 6.61\] pg/mL, *P*=0.0003 and 4.98 \[0.6; 7.8\] pg/mL, *P*\<0.0001, respectively). Travelers and immigrants with malaria also had higher levels of IL-10 (325.68 \[52.71; 740.19\] pg/mL and 210.1 \[65.55, 1277.3\] pg/mL, respectively) compared to individuals with other diseases (7.7 \[0.95, 11.47\] pg/mL, 325.68 \[52.71, 740.19\] pg/mL, respectively, *P*\<0.0001). IL-8 and IL-1β were higher only in immigrants with malaria (52.45 \[30.33; 100.25\] pg/mL and 2.1 \[2.1; 3.7\] pg/mL, respectively) compared to immigrants with other diseases (37.86 \[14.81; 48.08\] pg/mL, *P*=0.0218 and 2.1 \[2.1; 2.1\] pg/mL, *P*=0.0377, respectively).
![Serum cytokine and chemokine profiles in patients with malaria or with other diseases.\
Cytokines and chemokines were measured in serum of immigrants and travelers with malaria (dark grey boxes) and in serum of immigrants and travelers with other diseases (light grey boxes). Data are presented as boxplots that illustrate the medians and the 25^th^ and 75^th^ quartile. Whiskers represent the 10% and 90% percentiles and outliers are marked with circles. A Mann Whitney U test was performed to compare groups with malaria with groups with other diseases, and significant *P* values (*P*\<0.05) are shown.](pone.0073360.g004){#pone-0073360-g004}
Discussion {#s4}
==========
Estimating duration of immune memory against clinical malaria in malaria-endemic populations is complicated due to re-exposure and boosting. Migrants moving from malaria endemic to non-endemic areas offer a good opportunity to study persistence of immunity and associated immune markers. This study was conducted in immigrants presenting with clinical malaria after returning from endemic areas, to assess how the loss of exposure affected their acute and convalescent peripheral blood cellular immune responses.
First, when cytokine/chemokine blood levels in immigrants were compared to those in semi-immune individuals, both with clinical malaria, a different profile was observed. Loss of exposure was associated with increased levels of IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-8 and IL-5. In particular, immigrants showed higher serum concentrations of IL-2, IL-8 and IL-5 in acute malaria compared to semi-immune adults, although only IL-2 and IFN-γ showed to be dependent on time since migration. It is possible that recent visits to endemic countries or the total number of returns (69% of immigrants had returned at least 3 times) may have represented some malaria re-exposure that could have diluted the effect of time since immigration. The fact that cytokines/chemokine were measured in serum in immigrants and in plasma in semi-immune adults may have introduced certain error as it has been described that measurements may differ, depending on the cytokine, if the matrix plasma or serum \[[@B27],[@B28]\], but we do not think that it affected significantly our results.
Second, when compared with naïve adults presenting a first malaria episode, immigrants with malaria had lower levels of IFN-γ, suggesting that even if there was a decline in cellular immunity this loss was not complete. In this line, we had previously observed that this group of travelers had higher levels of IFN- γ compared to malaria-exposed individuals (after few or continuous exposure) \[[@B23]\]. Nevertheless, similar parasitemias were observed in immigrants and travelers suggesting that there are no differences in parasite-controlling immunity, but rather in the cellular responses controlling disease. This is consistent with our clinical observations that indicate a certain maintenance of protective immunity in immigrants, despite some loss of responses upon cessation of malaria exposure \[[@B14],[@B15]\].
The cytokines/chemokine measured come from peripheral blood cells as well as from endothelial cells \[[@B29]\] and site specific responses may not be reflected. IFN-γ is produced by natural killer (NK) cells, γδ-T cells, CD8^+^ T cells and T~H~1 CD4^+^T cells. IL-2 is mainly produced by T cells and reflects a strong cellular activation and proliferation. IL-2 stimulates NK differentiation and proliferation as well as B cell production of immunoglobulins. IL-8 is an important chemokine mediator of inflammation produced mainly by macrophages and endothelial cells, which recruits innate cells such macrophages, granulocytes and stimulates phagocytosis. IL-5 is produced by T~H~2 CD4^+^ T cells, but also eosinophils and mast cells and is involved in eosinophil activation, B cell growth and immunoglobulin secretion. Therefore, all these cytokines/chemokine are probably (mostly) reflecting a strong innate immune activation, although this should be demonstrated with data of cytokine producing cells. Not all patients were febrile at the time of day 0 serum sampling, although most of the patients had a history of fever during the previous days. This is of importance as some cytokines such IL-6, TNF, and IL-1β, considered pyrogens \[[@B30],[@B31]\], may fluctuate with fever, so we are probably detecting lower levels of these proinflammatory cytokines. This would explain why our patients had such low levels of IL-1β and TNF compared to other studies \[[@B32]\]. Nevertheless, immigrants and travelers with malaria had higher IFN-γ, IL-6 and IL-10 compared to those without malaria. Similar findings have been previously shown in other studies \[[@B32]--[@B34]\] and excessive production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 has been associated to severe malaria \[[@B8],[@B33]\] as well as high levels of IL-10 \[[@B32],[@B33]\], although specific patterns of cytokines have been found to vary depending on the different clinical presentations of severe malaria \[[@B32],[@B33]\].
We wanted to explore if parasitemia or parasite density was directly affecting the production of cytokines. There were no significant differences in parasitemia between immigrants and travelers, but parasite density data could not be compared with those of semi-immune people due to different slide reading methods. The assessment of correlations between each of the cytokines/chemokine and parasitemia showed that IL-2 and IFN-γ levels were independent from parasitemias, suggesting that other mechanisms could play a role in regulating those T~H~1 cytokines. Furthermore, IL-10 and IL-6 positively correlated with parasitemia in immigrants and travelers, whereas IL-1β only correlated with parasitemia in immigrants, and IL-8 only in travelers. Of note, semi-immune individuals did not show any correlation between cytokine/chemokine concentrations and parasite density. This may reflect a better capacity to regulate or mitigate the immune pro-inflammatory response induced in an acute infection, probably through mechanisms of tolerance that could result in milder malaria \[[@B35]\].
Data about the persistence of protective immune responses is controversial and may depend on the antigen and the immune response assessed \[[@B20],[@B21],[@B36]--[@B38]\]. In our study, we found increased serum cytokines/chemokine associated with loss of exposure, reflecting a more prominent T~H~1 and pro-inflammatory cellular response, characteristic of non-immune patients with malaria compared with patients with other diseases. This is in line with what might be expected with increasing time since last malaria exposure: a shift in the cytokine/chemokine balance from an anti-inflammatory response towards a more pro-inflammatory response, reflecting a loss of malaria tolerance \[[@B35]\]. Thus, immune responses that limit appearance of clinical symptoms may be lost more easily (e.g. potentially related to rapid decay of antibodies against glycosylphophatidylinositol after leaving an endemic area \[[@B39],[@B40]\]) than for example, immune responses controlling parasite density. This would explain that previously immune patients appear to make strong inflammatory responses to rather low numbers of parasites, feeling ill but recovering rapidly, and with lower risk of developing severe malaria or dying compared to travelers \[[@B10],[@B11]\]. However, the elevated IFN-γ response in immigrants does not seem consistent with the reported protective role of this cytokine \[[@B41]\], and the relatively short half-life of IFN-γ effector CD4^+^ T cells described recently in an area of low transmission in Thailand \[[@B21]\]. Nevertheless, the Thai study measured CD4^+^ T cell memory responses, whereas the IFN-γ concentration in plasma may come from other cell types, reflecting a predominantly innate response rather than an acquired one.
A limitation of this study could be that immigrants and naïve adults were originally from very diverse countries (African or European), whereas semi-immune adults were from a unique African endemic area (Mozambique); thus, this could add genetic or environmental confounding factors. However, the immune response in clinical malaria is so pro-inflammatory compared to other diseases that it probably overcomes these limitations.
In summary, immigrants returning from endemic areas with malaria had higher serum concentrations for some cytokines/chemokines (IL-2, IL-5, IL-8) compared to semi-immune adults with malaria, suggesting that this profile is associated with a partial loss of immunity. Time since immigration, and therefore, loss of exposure, correlated with increased T~H~1 cytokines IL-2 and IFN-γ. However, immigrants did not show as high IFN- γ response as naïve adults in a first malaria episode, reflecting some persistence of responses associated with semi-immune individuals. Taken together, these observations may imply that immune mechanisms involved in malaria tolerance may be lost, explaining why previously immune patients appear to make strong inflammatory responses to clinical malaria. In addition data point out to immune responses that need further study to develop strategies to induce or potentiate immunity to clinical malaria.
We wish to thank all the volunteers for participating in the study; the staff of the Manhiça District Hospital, the Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, the Hospital Santa Caterina de Salt, the Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, clinical officers, field supervisors and data entry clerks; Pau Cisteró, Alfons Jiménez, Eduard Rovira-Vallbona, Mauricio H. Rodríguez, Lázaro Mussacate Quimice and Nelito Ernesto José for their contribution to sample processing.
[^1]: **Competing Interests:**The co-author Alfredo Mayor is a PLOS ONE Editorial Board member. This does not alter the authors\' adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.
[^2]: Conceived and designed the experiments: CD AM GM. Performed the experiments: GM DB. Analyzed the data: GM CD. Wrote the manuscript: GM CD. Performed clinical diagnosis, management of malaria patients and collected clinical data: MJP MA CS JM JG AB. Coordinated data compilation and performed blood sample processing: RA LP DB AN.
| |
2 edition of Elements of human physiology found in the catalog.
Elements of human physiology
Lucas, Miriam (Scott) Mrs.
Published
1940
by Lea & Febiger in Philadelphia
.
Written in English
Edition Notes
Text on lining-paper.
|Statement||by Miriam Scott Lucas, illustrated with 158 engravings, 12 in color.|
|Classifications|
|LC Classifications||QP34 .L85|
|The Physical Object|
|Pagination||400 p.|
|Number of Pages||400|
|ID Numbers|
|Open Library||OL6398367M|
|LC Control Number||40004077|
|OCLC/WorldCa||3216529|
There are eleven organ systems in the human body (see Table “The Eleven Organ Systems in the Human Body and Their Major Functions”). An organism is the complete living system capable of conducting all of life’s biological processes. Figure Organization of Life “Organization Levels of Human Body” by Laia Martinez / CC BY-SA Human Physiology is a featured book on Wikibooks because it contains substantial content, it is well-formatted, and the Wikibooks community has decided to feature it on the main page or in other places. Please continue to improve it and thanks for the great work so .
The carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins in the foods you eat are used for energy to power molecular, cellular, and organ system activities. Importantly, the energy is stored primarily as fats. The quantity and quality of food that is ingested, digested, and absorbed affects the amount of fat that is stored as excess calories. Diet—both what. This book could also serve as a "basic science" text for a science class that also on human biology. The book covers basic introductory cell biology concepts such as metabolism, and cell division and then does a system-by-system discussion of the human body. The book includes a 4/5(3).
Description. Cindy Stanfield’s hallmark clear and precise writing style in Principles of Human Physiology is complemented by an outstanding art program that is designed to maximize student learning and retention. The text integrates clinical connections and stimulating critical thinking questions in a clear and engaging visual presentation that makes it easy for students to learn, understand Availability: This item has been replaced by Principles . This book contains all important lab experiments of anatomy, physiology and book is useful for students of pharmacy, medical and life sciences. View full-text Book.
Policy Studies
Pamphlets on economic subjects 1800-1900.
Province of New-Hampshire. George Jaffrey, Esq; treasurer and receiver-general of His Majestys revenue within His Majestys province of New-Hampshire.
Dari practical dictionary
Evaluation report
Audience studies of the performing arts and museums
[Issue of Monotype newsletter set in Rockwell, with short article on the revival of the face].
My fifty fretting years
Man and woman.
first course in education
My life as an explorer.
Comparative analysis of PA-1-350 chieftain (N44LV) accident and NASA crash test data
Integrating wellness into your disease management programs
This is a reproduction of a book published before This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages Elements of Human Physiology: Ludimar Hermann, Arthur Gamgee: : BooksCited by: 4. Elements of human physiology and millions of other books are available for Amazon Kindle.
Enter your mobile number or email address below and we'll send you a link to download the free Kindle App. Author: Henry Power. This is a reproduction of a book published before This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc.
that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning : Ludimar Hermann. Elements of Human Anatomy and Physiology Hardcover – June 1, by Richard A.
Boolootian (Author)Author: Richard A. Boolootian. COVID Resources. Reliable information about the coronavirus (COVID) is available from the World Health Organization (current situation, international travel).Numerous and frequently-updated resource results are available from this ’s WebJunction has pulled together information and resources to assist library staff as they consider how to handle coronavirus.
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The study of the human body involves anatomy, physiology, histology and embryology. The body varies anatomically in known ways. Human chemistry also includes elements. In fact, life cannot exist without many of the elements that are part of the earth.
All of the elements that contribute to chemical reactions, to the transformation of energy, and to electrical activity and muscle contraction—elements that include phosphorus, carbon, sodium, and calcium, to name a few. The elements in the human body. While, by mass, we are mostly Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen, and [+] Nitrogen, there are dozens of elements essential to life processes in the human body.
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The relative amounts of each element vary by individual, mainly due to differences in the proportion of fat, muscle and bone in their body. | https://tafizokigabepu.prideofaberdeenawards.com/elements-of-human-physiology-book-11943ps.php |
Xenomorph XX121, commonly referred to as simply the Xenomorph and known colloquially as the Alien, is a highly aggressive endoparasitoid extraterrestrial species. The Xenomorphs are vicious predatory creatures with no higher goals than the propagation of their species and the destruction of any life that could pose a threat to them. Like wasps or bees, Xenomorphs are eusocial, with a fertile Queen breeding a host of subordinate castes. | https://folduptoys.com/portfolio/xenomorph/ |
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ABSTRACT:
Studying the long-term behaviour of volcanism at individual volcanic centres, and throughout the history of a given arc island, may reveal insights into the processes controlling eruption styles and geochemical evolution of volcanic deposits, and how they change with time. In this talk I will present a revised geochronology of volcanism on Montserrat, and investigate the long-term geochemical trends of volcanism on Montserrat and Guadeloupe, through both their terrestrial and marine (from IODP core U1396C) records, to examine the processes driving geochemical evolution in the Lesser Antilles.
New 40Ar/39Ar ages from terrestrial samples, combined with new palaeomagnetic and biostratigraphic ages of tephra layers from marine sediment core U1396C, provide a revised geochronology of volcanism on Montserrat. They show that the centres of Silver, Centre and Soufrière Hills were active during at least ~2.17–1.03 Ma, ~1.14–0.38 Ma, and ~0.45 Ma–present, respectively, revealing the previously unrecognised overlap in activity between the different volcanic centres.
Pb and Nd isotope and trace element data are presented for lava samples from Montserrat and tephra layers from core U1396C, providing a record of the geochemical evolution of volcanism on Montserrat and Guadeloupe over the past ~4.5 Myr. For Montserrat, the observed temporal geochemical trends are the result of changes in the melt source components (variable slab sediment input and mantle wedge heterogeneity), whereas on Guadeloupe temporal geochemical variation has been driven by assimilation and fractional crystallisation, most likely with a mid-ocean ridge basalt assimilant in the lower crust. | https://noc.ac.uk/seminars/g3-seminars/long-term-evolution-montserrat-volcanism |
ECPP-DJ is a primality testing program created by Dana Jacobsen.
It is written in C using the GMP library. It is a standalone version of the ECPP implementation written for the Perlmodule Math::Prime::Util::GMP (MPU) in 2013.
It implements the following algorithms:
- ECPP test
- BPSW test (strong PRP-2 test followed by extra strong Lucas-Selfridge test)
- AKS test
- BLS75 (particularly, theorems 5/7 and 19)
Most of the utility functions closely follow the algorithms presented in Henri Cohen's book "A Course in Computational Algebraic Number Theory" (1993). The ECM factoring and manipulation was heavily inspired by GMP-ECM by Paul Zimmermann and many others.
It can verify ECPP certificates, which were generated by this program (or MPU) as well as Primo. It can be linked with MPZ APR-CL code to enable the APR-CL test.
Unlike Primo, this is an open-source implementation of ECPP test. However, Primo runs much faster for 1000+ digit numbers, especially on multi-core machines (ECPP-DJ is single threaded).
Example usage
To verify M12 using BLS75: | https://rieselprime.de/ziki/ECPP-DJ |
In April 2009, a formal ceremony at the Ismaili Centre in London saw the graduation of 74 learners from the Lifelong Learning Programme. The Certificate in Lifelong Learning that they earned – awarded jointly by the London School of Economics and the Ismaili Council for the European Union (ICEU) – represents a changing mindset that favours continuous and shared learning, while facilitating personal and professional development.
The idea that learning extends from the cradle to the grave underpins the philosophy of the Lifelong Learning Programme. Five-hundred-twenty learners from various countries across Europe, representing a spectrum of ages, educational levels, and professions, have participated in the workshop that acts as the springboard to the programme. Those who embark on the journey to make learning a way of life often experience feelings of trepidation and anxiety mixed with excitement and hope.
In addition to a full time director of learning, the programme is supported by numerous volunteers, including a dedicated team of learning partners and lead peer supports. Its impact on the lives of participants has been as broad as the range of subjects that they have pursued. It has facilitated the exploration of skills, topics and subjects ranging from computer literacy to languages.
In this time of mass information, hyper-communication and accelerating change, adapting to the new demands of the world becomes all the more important. Through courses in different aspects of finance, enhanced participation in meetings, and learning Portuguese and Spanish, Zahid Tharani's experience enabled him to adapt his skills to address the changing economic environment. He has since taken on a new role in his work place, with greater responsibilities. His specialist knowledge means that he is now an integral part of his company's European operation. Tharani is currently supporting the Lifelong Learning Programme and, as a result of his desire to help others fulfil their personal and professional learning goals, he is developing skills towards becoming a professional life coach.
Zubeda Suleman used her experience of the programme to develop her entrepreneurial skills and turn a dream of running her own beauty therapy salon into a reality. Suleman negotiated a part-time position as a personal assitant and office manager, and invested her spare time in furthering her skills as a beauty and complementary therapist, personal trainer and life coach. She also took on a course in Practical Philosophy, which helped her to better understand herself.
Rebuilding self-confidence and developing greater capacity to contribute to society was also important to Daulat Karsan and Laila Imambaksh. A full time homemaker, Karsan saw the programme as a springboard towards increased confidence. She pursued courses that developed her computer competencies, learnt Hindi and improved her cookery skills.
Imambaksh took courses in Accounting and Computer Software, and an English language course. She grew both personally and professionally, and improved her confidence and sense of fulfilment at the same time. She is now committed to sitting the Professional Baccalaureate exam this year.
Making up for lost time and rekindling educational aspirations is a goal shared by many participants. Graduates like Zeitun Kassamali have used their experience to take their first steps in higher education, completing courses in English and IT, and she now plans to attend university to take a degree.
The graduates' stories speak to the empowering impact of the lifelong learning programme. Each has been remarkable in its own way, and each learner now looks forward to planning new learning journeys with a sense of self confidence, empowerment and a new found belief in themselves. | https://the.ismaili/news/lifelong-learning-graduates-empowered-their-achievements |
Behavioral health facility construction is experiencing a spike in the U.S., due in part to enhanced benefit provisions in the Affordable Care Act that have widened access to mental health treatment. Recent gun violence, mass shootings, the opioid epidemic—these and other social issues with significant behavioral health implications have underscored the need for continued availability of mental health services and well-designed facilities in which to conduct them.
The 2017 Hospital Construction Survey, released jointly by Health Facilities Management and the American Society for Healthcare Engineering of the American Hospital Association, reported that half of the specialty hospitals planned for the next three years are behavioral health centers or psychiatric hospitals.
Yet even as the demand for new and retrofitted space is growing, the supply of behavioral health engineering and design experts is not keeping pace. The sector is also experiencing a decline of knowledge of leading practices in space design and technology integration.
This scenario—growing demand for behavioral health facility beds, accompanied by declining capacity of how to design them properly—is of particular concern when it comes to minimizing inpatient suicide in mental health settings.
After reading this article, you should be able to:
+ Describe the chief differences between designing for behavioral health and designing for general health.
+ Understand ligature risk and why gravity is irrelevant when identifying a ligature risk.
+ List the ways that improper interior design can negatively impact behavioral health patients.
+ Discuss how technology can assist behavioral health facilities to achieve greater patient safety. | https://www.bdcnetwork.com/designing-behavioral-health-facilities-aia-course |
Cigarette smoke (CS) is well known to induce chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cancer in humans. Cadmium is the most abundant toxic heavy metal that is present in CS. Cadmium is also present in contaminated air, food and water. Cadmium inhalation has been reported to be associated with development of COPD and lung cancer. Importantly, cadmium accumulates in the host with a half-life of 20 to 30 years. CS was shown to reduce the expression of the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator (CFTR). CFTR is a chloride channel that is mostly expressed in epithelial cells and is key in maintaining the surface hydration of the lung. Absence of functional CFTR causes Cystic Fibrosis, a disease characterized by impaired mucocilliary clearance, and chronic infection and inflammation in the lung. Therefore, the potential importance of CS-induced CFTR abnormalities in the pathophysiology of smoking-related diseases should be further evaluated. It also gives us an opportunity to define a novel mechanism of action for the development and/or worsening of COPD. Indeed, over 80% of COPD patients have a smoking history. This proposal stems from our recent evidence that cadmium decreases CFTR expression in lung epithelial cells resulting in reduction of chloride transport, and increased secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-8. Our hypothesis is that the toxic heavy metal cadmium inhibits the expression of the CFTR chloride channel, therefore leading to lung dysfunction and COPD. Here we propose (1) to determine the expression of the ion channels CFTR and ENaC (the epithelial sodium channel that is co-regulated by CFTR), and the pro- inflammatory cytokine IL-8 using quantitative RT-PCR, and (2) to measure the level of heavy metals using inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) in lungs samples from cigarette smokers that developed COPD and from control patients that are non-smokers. This study will set the stage to understanding the contribution of heavy metals and the ion channel CFTR in the development of COPD.
Cigarette smoke (CS) contains toxic heavy metals like cadmium, and both CS and cadmium can induce COPD. We found that cadmium can suppress the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator, a chloride channel that when dysfunctional leads to cystic fibrosis. | https://grantome.com/grant/NIH/R03-HL095442-01A1 |
The White House unveiled its proposal of next year’s budget, which illustrates that NASA will be receiving more money to help it advance the Earth science and space technology programs. The proposal enumerates the Biden administration’s priorities to oversee, leaving a legacy after the citizens’ overwhelming support.
The full budget will be relayed, later on, called a preliminary to what will be released. The White House revealed that it would be increasing the allocation for NASA from the $23.271 billion it received this year to $24.7 billion. The interim NASA administrator Steve Jurczyk stated that the appropriation illustrates NASA’s desire to help the agency’s projects become successful. The document fails to indicate the specific programs that this funding will support. The Earth science program will receive an additional 15% of the $2 billion it received this year. The administration expects this money to help develop advanced satellites that will be analyzing the climate science phenomena.
The agency’s space technology program will take a 27% increase to the $1.1 billion it received this year. This amount would help it improve the activities and services it offers and to scale up the missions that will deploy new technologies into space. Moreover, space technology research would indicate the effect of adopting clean energy technologies on Earth’s atmospheric changes. The other sector that received a 5% boost to its previous allocation of $6.56 billion is the human exploration program.
The document outlines that this amount should support the Artemis program and the development of missions taking people outside the Earth to other cosmic worlds and finally to Mars. However, the document doesn’t illustrate the timeframe that the Artemis program must be operational, implying its desire to witness the program to be successful without unnecessary pressure. Another concept that is not indicated in the proposal is the HLS program that the Trump administration was advocating for.
Jurczyk explained that the proposal offers NASA the resources to develop and make the missions to Mars and Moon successful. Moreover, the funding will oversee the landing of the first woman and a person of colour on the moon. The other projects that the proposal does not cover comprehensively include the Mars Sample Return program and the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope. On the other hand, weather satellite programs have also recorded a possible increase in their funding to develop satellites that can relay crucial data to the public concerning the weather and climate. | https://downeymagazine.com/2021/04/14/biden-administration-has-enumerated-24-7-billion-to-be-appropriated-to-nasa-next-year/ |
Always, never, impossible, perfect – if you hear these words in conversation, you might be engaging in or experiencing black-and-white thinking. This type of thinking is also known as splitting or polarised thinking. It is considered a cognitive distortion as it keeps us from seeing the world in all the shades between black and white.
We hear a lot about the polarisation of society nowadays. We read about social media algorithms, which limit users’ exposure to counter-attitudinal news, and the creation of echo chambers as individuals select and read the information that follows their system of beliefs, sharing it further with friends who they know hold similar views. These factors can lead to an increase in the polarisation of opinions.
This polarisation and black-and-white thinking can lead to intergroup attitudes and behaviours, creating an ‘us versus them’ mentality. The more involved we are within our group, the more we share these polarised views and engage with them, the more negative we become about the ‘Others’, and the less willing we become to explore alternative perspectives.
Therefore, it is unsurprising that black-and-white thinking is closely linked with intergroup discrimination, the feeling of moral righteousness of ‘our’ side, and conflict. Conflict escalates rapidly when complex assessments of a situation are bypassed, with people content focusing on the black-and-white positions surrounding a problem.
This can lead to groups pursuing a strategy of ‘winning at all costs’, irrespective of the risks involved or the long-term or permanent damage done to their relationships. These conflict-aggravating behaviours might seem rational from the perspective of the party engaging in them when in reality, they are anything but rational.
The cost for black-and-white thinking is not just experienced in intergroup relations. At the intrapersonal level, research demonstrates that black-and-white thinking is also at the core of rigid beliefs, also known as irrational beliefs. These beliefs do not allow us to adapt to reality in terms of actions and our emotional reactions, leading instead to catastrophising and uncontrollable emotions. Depression and anxiety are well-known by-products of long-term polarised thinking, and anger or helplessness often short-term consequences.
But all is not lost. There is a simple, although not easy, remedy to black-and-white thinking: critical thinking.
Critical thinking is the objective analysis and evaluation of an issue to form a measured judgement. For example, we can think critically by forcing ourselves to stay within the discomfort of a situation and choose to expose ourselves to all relevant aspects of a problem.
We can also try to look at a problem from more than one perspective, listening and hearing all the relevant voices in a situation. Good habits to practice are empathising, taking the perspective of the people you are listening to, and stopping ourselves when we make a decision to check our reasoning for biases and errors. Organisations can facilitate a workplace that allows this type of critical thinking by fostering psychologically safe environments where people can speak up and voice different opinions, making room for larger, more complex discussions.
We should also try to remove unnecessary time pressures within organisations. Placing time pressures on decision-making can cause individuals to feel pressured to come up with a solution to a problem quickly. At the end of a short, scheduled meeting, you get asked, “Are we doing this or are we not doing this?” – it’s not necessarily useful to only have two options on the table. We need to think beyond the black-and-white and think outside the box by considering multiple alternatives when looking for solutions, not just the two obvious choices.
Of course, there are moments when you have to make quick decisions, but some organisations behave as if every decision is life or death. However, many problems require a solution based on complex discussion – you can’t schedule half an hour for everything.
Many jump to solutions so fast and discuss in terms of looking for a solution. In DEI (diversity, equity and inclusion), we usually target the D because it is the observable one. And we often do so through targets or quotas.
People then start taking absolute positions for or against these quotas, and soon they become more and more polarised in defending or criticising this solution, without ever questioning how we come to have this problem, what underlying issues we have that quotas won’t solve, why do we even think diversity is valuable for our company (and which kind of diversity), how do we make sure our selection and promotion practices are equitable, and overall, do we create work atmospheres where difference is respected and valued.
When it comes to DEI work, we need to move away from ‘us vs them’ intergroup dynamics involving stereotypes and prejudice. Intergroup prejudice and discrimination involve an element of ‘all the others are the same’ and use simple mental shortcuts to portray that sameness. Critical thinking moves one beyond these mental shortcuts.
There are some direct actions that individuals can use to implement critical thinking in DEI work:
- Catch yourself before using generalisations such as ‘you always…’, ‘all [insert social category] are [insert stereotype]’. Challenge your thinking by trying to find counterexamples. This way, you can overcome the bias of system one thinking; thinking that is automatic, fast, and relies on oversimplification.
- Use ‘the rule of three’. Our cognitive systems gear into action when forced to go beyond two alternatives, views, or interpretations. Whenever you think about a person’s actions and try to interpret them, force yourself to come up with three alternatives. The first one is the one that expresses your worldview and mindset; the second is often a stereotype; as of the third, your mind switches from automatic processes to more elaborate ones – you actually start thinking about the issue critically and intentionally.
- Catch your own cognitive biases. The easiest way is by observing the errors in thinking others make, as we are generally excellent critics of others. Then apply the same process to yourself as an external observer – play a game of ‘detectives’ with your mind to bypass the defensive tendencies.
- Notice when your emotional (or physical) reactions are disproportionate to the incident. It’s okay to get angry, but we all notice when the magnitude of our reaction isn’t warranted by the actual reality. In such moments, take a timeout and start playing the detective game: what is really going on with you? What stories from the past got triggered by the situation? What interpretations? As you perform this cognitive exercise, you will notice that your emotional and physical reactions also tend to calm down. You can get back to being a rational, thinking human being.
If we do not check and correct our black-and-white thinking, then we will be stuck within the space of viewing matters in grossly oversimplified terms, scapegoating others, refusing to engage with the uncomfortable parts of reality (and minimise or ignore them), and discount voices from marginalised or minority groups.
Critical thinking does not mean engaging in political correctness, diluting one stance, relativising everything, or not taking a moral stand. It just means making a judgement or assuming a moral position that is not driven by passion or quick judgements but by practising what humanity prides itself on: rational and complex thinking in the face of a complex, nuanced reality. | https://diversityq.com/how-to-overcome-black-and-white-thinking-and-how-it-can-be-overcome/ |
> On Mar 6, 2018, at 04:57, Craig Ringer <[email protected]> wrote:
>
> On 3 March 2018 at 00:30, Darafei "Komяpa" Praliaskouski <[email protected]
> <mailto:[email protected]>> wrote:
>
> I gave this all some thought and it looks like it all could have not happened
> if Postgres was able to cluster heap insertions by (id, ts) index. We're ok
> with synchronuous_commit=off, so amplified write won't immediately hit disk
> and can get cooled down in progress. Clustering doesn't require perfect
> sorting: we need to minimize number of pages fetched, it's ok if the pages
> are not consecutive on disk.
>
> I'm surprised nobody has mentioned BRIN yet.
>
> Ever since BRIN was introduced, I've thought it would be very interesting to
> use it + the freespace map for coarse-grained tuple routing in heap inserts.
> Try to find the best-match range with BRIN and look for free space there. I
> think there was discussion of this early on, so you may want to look up the
> BRIN threads.
>
> The main challenge probably comes when a range is exhausted. Your writes
> would start spilling over into new heap pages and get intermixed again. Some
> support for pre-allocating new ranges would be needed.
Basically Poor Man's Clustering solution consists of two parts:
1. Find eligible pages to insert
2. Make sure you don't screw new page
At first we want to define how we want to cluster our data, it can be a mix of
equality, hash, range and geo operators.
In Darafei's case appropriate clustering would be: CLUSTER BY (hash(id), ts
asc) or (eq(id), range(ts, '1 day interval')).
To support fast search of pages to insert, there should be present Bloom index
on id and BRIN or Btree index on ts
for the first example, and Btree or Hash on id and Btree or BRIN or Gist for
the second.
So, we can bitmap scan all needed indexes to find pages with tuples with
already present clustered keys,
we AND those bitmaps and consult fsm and proceed to insert in pages if place
allows.
Now, if we have not found pages with the same cluster keys or the pages are
full, we need to find free page and don't screw it.
To do so, we must estimate ideal clustering of a page and either insert or make
a completely new page.
In order not to intermix page with hash or equality clustering, we should
examine already present keys and consult statistics for them.
If key is in MCV - better find new page, otherwise we need to calculate how
many tuples per page on average we have for the key
and compare with number of tuples on the page with our new key. I.e. if the
page we about to insert have 30 tuples with 3 clustering keys,
and we conclude that on average we have 20 tuples per key this means that there
would be 30 more tuples with that keys and 20 for our key.
If the page can hold that 80 tuples, we insert there. I believe existing
statistics are enough to make this work.
For range based clustering we should estimate we should estimate how many
tuples there would be on a page and its interval and compare
if we would break this interval. For example we have plain ordering clustering,
we insert value 130, the page have min value 100 and number
of tuples is 20. We estimate that on average a page max value minus min value
is 100 and number of tuples is 30. So each tuple increments
range by 3. So our page with min value of 100 and 20 tuples have future closing
max value of 200, as our value is 130 we proceed to insert.
I don't know if there are enough stats for this already, or if BRIN can help
here. But it is doable.
Now for the geo part. This is the least thought through. We definitely need an
index to consult MBR and use gist penalty functions to decide.
Do you think the above rough design is doable and desirable?
| |
The angle between two circles at the point of intersection is the angle between the tangents to the circles at that point contained in the overlapping area or lune. Prove that, for any two circles, the angles at both points of intersection are equal.
Three circles intersect at the point $D$ and, in pairs, at the points $A,\ B$ and $C$ so that the arcs $AB$, $BC$ and $CA$ form a curvilinear triangle with interior angles $\alpha$, $\beta$ and $\gamma$ respectively. The diagrams show two possible cases. Prove that, for any three such circles, $\alpha + \beta + \gamma = \pi$. | https://nrich.maths.org/2152 |
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Journal Articles
Article Type: Launch Dynamics
J. Appl. Mech. May 2013, 80(3): 031502.
Paper No: JAM-12-1360
Published Online: April 19, 2013
Abstract
Smart projectiles use electronic components such as circuit boards with integrated circuits to control guidance and fusing operations. During gun-launch, the electronics are subjected to 3-dimensional g-forces as high as 15,000 G. The U.S. Army uses finite element analysis to simulate electronics with high-g, dynamic loads. Electronics are difficult to model due to the large variation in size, from large circuit boards, to very small solder joints and solder pads. This means that to accurately model such small features would require very large models that are computationally expensive to analyze; often beyond the capability of resources available. Therefore, small features such as solder joints are often not included in the finite element models to make the models computationally tractable. The question is: what is the effect on model accuracy without these small features in the model? The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effect that solder joints and solder pads have on the accuracy of the structural analysis of electronic components mounted on circuit boards during gun shot. Finite element models of simplified circuit boards, chips, and potting were created to do the evaluation. Modal analysis and dynamic structural analysis using typical gun loads were done. Both potting at high temperature (soft) and potting at low temperature (stiff) were used in the dynamic analysis. In the modal analysis there was no potting. All of these models were run with and without solder. In all cases, the results differed between the models with solder and those without. In the models with potting, there was a difference in magnitude and stress distribution between the models with and without solder. This indicates that there is a significant reduction in accuracy when solder is not included in the model.
Journal Articles
Article Type: Research Papers
J. Appl. Mech. November 2012, 79(6): 061007.
Published Online: September 17, 2012
Abstract
In this paper, a new model of the progression phase of a drifting oscillator is proposed. This is to account more accurately for the penetration of an impactor through elasto-plastic solids under a combination of a static and a harmonic excitation. First, the dynamic response of the semi-infinite elasto-plastic medium subjected to repeated impacts by a rigid impactor with conical or spherical contacting surfaces is considered in order to formulate the relevant force-penetration relationship during the loading and unloading phases of the contact. These relationships are then used to develop a physical and mathematical model of a new drifting oscillator, where the time histories of the progression through the medium include both the loading and unloading phases. A nonlinear dynamic analysis of the system was performed and it confirms that the maximum progressive motion of the oscillator occurs when the system exhibits period one motion. The dynamic response for both contact geometries (conical or spherical) show a topological similarity for a range of the static loads.
Journal Articles
Elastodynamic Inversion of Multilayered Media via Surface Waves—Part II: Implementation and Numerical Verification
Article Type: Research Papers
J. Appl. Mech. July 2011, 78(4): 041005.
Published Online: April 13, 2011
Abstract
An effective inverse analysis computer program that integrates nonlinear optimization algorithm and forward dynamic analysis of multilayered medium is developed for inferring structural and material properties (e.g., modulus, thickness, and the number of layers) of the medium. Using dynamic deflection information obtained from forward dynamic analysis of the multilayered medium as a hypothetical deflection measured from the field during pavement nondestructive evaluation (NDE) using falling weight deflectometer, the estimated parameters of the medium are compared with the known true parameters of the medium used to perform the static and forward dynamic analyses. Based on two different multilayered media, a number of important observations and conclusions are made regarding the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed numerical algorithms and developed computer program. The inversion methods presented in this paper show improved NDE results over many of the existing algorithms.
Journal Articles
Article Type: Research Papers
J. Appl. Mech. July 2011, 78(4): 041004.
Published Online: April 13, 2011
Abstract
A rigorous theoretical foundation for solving elastodynamic inverse problem of multilayered media under an impulse load is established in this paper. The inversion is built upon the forward dynamic analysis of multilayered elastic media using transfer matrix approach, with which displacement continuity is assumed at the interfaces of upper and lower adjacent layers. Formulations for inverse analysis are derived in both the time domain and the complex frequency domain. Least square estimates and nonlinear optimization algorithms are used to implement parameter identification. The proposed theory and formulae can be utilized to develop a computer software for nondestructive evaluation of laminated civil and aerospace structure (highway and airport pavements, bridge decks, soil foundations, aircraft wing, etc.), exploration and dynamic source detection and identification, and petroleum exploration in geophysics.
Journal Articles
Article Type: Research Papers
J. Appl. Mech. May 2011, 78(3): 031014.
Published Online: February 16, 2011
Abstract
A finite element formulation of a nonclassical beam theory based on the Gurtin–Murdoch model for continua with deformable elastic surfaces is presented. The governing equations for thin and thick beams are used together with a weighted residual formulation to explicitly obtain the beam stiffness and mass matrices. Numerical solutions for selected test cases are compared with the analytical results available in literature for beam static deflections, natural frequencies, and buckling loads. The modified bending stiffness corresponding to the present model agrees closely with a recently reported rigorous solution. The maximum influence of surface energy effects is observed for cantilever beams. The finite element scheme provides an efficient tool to analyze, design, and predict the mechanical response of beam elements encountered in nanoelectromechanical systems and other nanoscale devices.
Journal Articles
Dynamic Analysis of Laminated Composite Coated Beams Carrying Multiple Accelerating Oscillators Using a Coupled Finite Element-Differential Quadrature Method
Article Type: Research Papers
J. Appl. Mech. November 2009, 76(6): 061001.
Published Online: July 21, 2009
Abstract
In this paper, a numerical algorithm using a coupled finite element-differential quadrature (DQ) method is proposed for the dynamic analysis of laminated composite coated beams subjected to a stream of accelerating oscillators. The finite element method with cubic Hermitian interpolation functions is used to discretize the spatial domain. The DQ method is then employed to discretize the time domain. The resulting set of algebraic equations can be solved by either direct methods or iterative methods. It is revealed that the DQ method stands out in numerical accuracy, as well as in computational efficiency, over the well-known standard finite difference schemes, such as the Newmark, Wilson θ , Houbolt, and central difference methods, for the cases considered. Furthermore, in the numerical examples, the effects of various parameters having something to do with the title problem, such as lamina thickness, orientation of the coats, arrival time intervals, velocities, and accelerations of the oscillators on the dynamic behavior of the system, are investigated. The technique presented in this investigation is general and can be easily applied to any time-dependent problem.
Journal Articles
Article Type: Technical Briefs
J. Appl. Mech. May 2007, 74(3): 590–594.
Published Online: April 10, 2006
Abstract
An analysis of large deformations of flexible membrane structures within the tension field theory is considered. A modification of the finite element procedure by Roddeman et al. ( Roddeman, D. G., Drukker, J., Oomens, C. W. J., Janssen, J. D., 1987, ASME J. Appl. Mech. 54, pp. 884–892 ) is proposed to study the wrinkling behavior of a membrane element. The state of stress in the element is determined through a modified deformation gradient corresponding to a fictive nonwrinkled surface. The new model uses a continuously modified deformation gradient to capture the location orientation of wrinkles more precisely. It is argued that the fictive nonwrinkled surface may be looked upon as an everywhere-taut surface in the limit as the minor (tensile) principal stresses over the wrinkled portions go to zero. Accordingly, the modified deformation gradient is thought of as the limit of a sequence of everywhere-differentiable tensors. Under dynamic excitations, the governing equations are weakly projected to arrive at a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations that is solved using different integration schemes. It is concluded that implicit integrators work much better than explicit ones in the present context.
Journal Articles
Dynamic Analysis of the Optical Disk Drives Equipped with an Automatic Ball Balancer with Consideration of Torsional Motions
Article Type: Technical Papers
J. Appl. Mech. November 2005, 72(6): 826–842.
Published Online: March 24, 2005
Abstract
This study is dedicated to evaluate the performance of an automatic ball-type balancer system (ABS) installed in optical disk drives (ODDs) with consideration of the relative torsional motion between the ODD case and the spindle-disk-ABS-turntable system, noting that the turntable is the supporting plate structure for disk, pickup, and spindle motor inside the ODD. To this end, a complete dynamic model of the ABS considering the torsional motion is established with assuming finite torsional stiffness of the damping washers, which provides suspension of the spindle-disk-ABS-turntable system to the ODD case. Considering the benchmark case of a pair of balancing balls in an ABS, the method of multiple scales is then applied to formulate a scaled model for finding all possible steady-state solutions of ball positions and analyzing corresponding stabilities. The results are used to predict the levels of residual vibration, with which the performance of the ABS can then be reevaluated. Numerical simulations are conducted to verify theoretical results. It is deduced from both analytical and numerical results that the spindle speed of an ODD could be operated above both primary translational and secondary torsional resonances in order to guarantee stabilization of the desired balanced solution for a substantial vibration reduction.
Journal Articles
Article Type: Technical Papers
J. Appl. Mech. May 2003, 70(3): 374–380.
Published Online: June 11, 2003
Abstract
In this paper a zeroth-order shear deformation theory has been derived for static and dynamic analysis of laminated composite plates. The responses obtained by the theory for symmetric and antisymmetric laminates are compared with the existing solutions. The comparison firmly establishes that this new shear deformation theory can be used for both thick and thin laminated composite plates with high accuracy.
Journal Articles
Article Type: Technical Papers
J. Appl. Mech. March 2001, 68(2): 192–198.
Published Online: July 1, 2000
Abstract
The response due to a dynamic loading of a poroviscoelastic one-dimensional column is treated analytically. Biot’s theory of poroelasticity is generalized to poroviscoelasticity using the elastic-viscoelastic correspondence principle in the Laplace domain. Damping effects of the solid skeletal structure and the solid material itself are taken into account. The fluid is modeled as in the original Biot’s theory without any viscoelastic effects. The solution of the governing set of two coupled differential equations known from the purely poroelastic case is converted to the poroviscoelastic solution using the developed elastic-viscoelastic correspondence in Laplace domain. The time-dependent response of the column is achieved by the “Convolution Quadrature Method” proposed by Lubich. Some interesting effects of viscoelasticity on the response of the column caused by a stress, pressure, and displacement loading are studied.
Journal Articles
Article Type: Technical Papers
J. Appl. Mech. December 1999, 66(4): 904–912.
Published Online: December 1, 1999
Abstract
This paper deals with the one-dimensional static and dynamic analysis of thin-walled closed beams with general quadrilateral cross sections. The coupled deformations of distortion as well as torsion and warping are investigated in this work. A new approach to determine the functions describing section deformations is proposed. In particular, the present distortion function satisfies all the necessary continuity conditions unlike Vlasov's distortion function. Based on these section deformation functions, a one-dimensional theory dealing with the coupled deformations is presented. The actual numerical work is carried out using two-node C 0 finite element formulation. The present one-dimensional results for some static and free-vibration problems are compared with the existing and the plate finite element results.
Journal Articles
Article Type: Technical Papers
J. Appl. Mech. September 1999, 66(3): 786–793.
Published Online: September 1, 1999
Abstract
This paper deals with constrained dynamical systems which are subject, during motion, to the replacement of one set of constraints with another. The theory of imposition and removal of constraints is used to formulate equations governing motions of such systems. To this end, the terms minimally constrained state (MCS), phase of motion, transition, and transition conditions are introduced. These terms are used to denote, respectively, state of a system subject only to constraints which are not removed throughout the motion, period of time during which an MCS system is subject to one set of constraints, event characterized by the instantaneous removal of one set of constraints and the imposition of another, and conditions, satisfaction of which initiate a transition. The indicated formulation enables the simulation of motions of the systems in question, including the evaluation of changes in the motion variables associated with the transitions. The formulation is particularly efficient in that the impulses arising during the transitions are automatically eliminated. The formulation is used to simulate motions of a number of systems, including a legged machine.
Journal Articles
Article Type: Technical Papers
J. Appl. Mech. September 1999, 66(3): 742–749.
Published Online: September 1, 1999
Abstract
A systematic solution procedure for studying the dynamic response of a rotating nonuniform Timoshenko beam with an elastically restrained root is presented. The partial differential equations are transformed into the ordinary differential equations by taking the Laplace transform. The two coupled governing differential equations are uncoupled into two complete fourth-order differential equations with variable coefficients in the flexural displacement and in the angle of rotation due to bending, respectively. The general solution and the generalized Green function of the uncoupled system are derived. They are expressed in terms of the four corresponding linearly independent homogenous solutions, respectively. The shifting relations of the four homogenous solutions of the uncoupled governing differential equation with constant coefficients are revealed. The generalized Green function of an nth order ordinary differential equation can be obtained by using the proposed method. Finally, the influence of the elastic root restraints, the setting angle, and the excitation frequency on the steady response of a beam is investigated.
Journal Articles
Article Type: Technical Papers
J. Appl. Mech. December 1998, 65(4): 820–828.
Published Online: December 1, 1998
Abstract
This paper presents the dynamic analysis of multilayered plates using layer-wise mixed theories. With respect to existing two-dimensional theories at the displacement formulated, the proposed models a priori fulfill the continuity of transverse shear and normal stress components at each interface between two adjacent layers. A Reissner’s mixed variational equation is employed to derive the differential equations, in terms of the introduced stress and displacement variables, that govern the dynamic equilibrium and compatibility of each layer. The continuity conditions at the interfaces are used to write corresponding equations at multilayered level. Related standard displacement formulations, based on the principle of virtual displacements, are given for comparison purposes. Numerical results are presented for the free-vibration response (fundamental and higher order frequencies are calculated) of symmetrically and unsymmetrically laminated cross-ply plates. Several comparisons to three-dimensional elasticity analysis and to some available results, related to both layer-wise and equivalent single-layer theories, have shown that the presented mixed models: (1) match the exact three-dimensional results very well and (2) lead to a better description in comparison to results related to other available analysis.
Journal Articles
Article Type: Technical Papers
J. Appl. Mech. June 1997, 64(2): 394–400.
Published Online: June 1, 1997
Abstract
In this paper, we present an exact solution for the linear, transverse response of an axially moving string with general boundary conditions. The solution is derived in the frequency domain and interpreted in terms of wave propagation functions. The boundary effects are included by the use of compliance functions at the boundaries. The response in the time domain involves only several convolution integrals which can easily be obtained for many physical boundary conditions. A comparison of this method with an existing solution method shows that this method requires much less computation time. The transient response of the translating string with a spring or a dashpot at a boundary is presented. It is shown that complete wave absorption occurs at a boundary when that boundary has a dashpot with damping coefficient equal to the propagation speed of the reflected wave.
Journal Articles
Article Type: Technical Papers
J. Appl. Mech. June 1996, 63(2): 474–478.
Published Online: June 1, 1996
Abstract
The dynamic response of a nonuniform beam with time-dependent elastic boundary conditions is studied by generalizing the method of Mindlin-Goodman and utilizing the exact solutions of general elastically restrained nonuniform beams given by Lee and Kuo. The time-dependent elastic boundary conditions for the beam are formulated. A general form of change of dependent variable is introduced and the shifting polynomials of the third-order degree, instead of the fifth-order degree polynomials taken by Mindlin-Goodman, are selected. The physical meaning of these shifting polynomial functions are explored. Finally, the limiting cases are discussed and several examples are given to illustrate the analysis.
Journal Articles
Article Type: Technical Briefs
J. Appl. Mech. December 1992, 59(4): 1033–1035.
Published Online: December 1, 1992
Topics: Dynamic analysis, Kinematics
Journal Articles
Article Type: Research Papers
J. Appl. Mech. December 1992, 59(4): 976–982.
Published Online: December 1, 1992
Abstract
In this paper an automated algorithmic method is presented for the dynamic analysis of geared trains/transmissions. These are treated as a system of interconnected flexible bodies. The procedure developed explains the switching of constraints with time as a result of the change in the contacting areas at the gear teeth. The elastic behavior of the system is studied through the employment of three-dimensional isoparametric elements having six degrees-of-freedom at each node. The contact between the bodies is assumed at the various nodes, which could be either a line or a plane. The kinematical expressions, together with the equations of motion using Kane’s method, strain energy concepts, are presented in a matrix form suitable for computer implementation. The constraint Jacobian matrices are generated automatically based on the contact information between the bodies. The concepts of the relative velocity at the contacting points at the tooth pairs and the subsequent use of the transmission ratios in the analysis is presented.
Journal Articles
Article Type: Research Papers
J. Appl. Mech. September 1992, 59(3): 643–649.
Published Online: September 1, 1992
Abstract
The paper presents a unified approach to the dynamic analysis of mechanical systems subject to (ideal) holonomic and/or nonholonomic constraints. The approach is based on the projection of the initial (constraint reaction-containing) dynamical equations into the orthogonal and tangent subspaces; the orthogonal subspace which is spanned by the constraint vectors, and the tangent subspace which complements the orthogonal subspace in the system’s configuration space. The tangential projection gives the reaction-free (or purely kinetic) equations of motion, whereas the orthogonal projection determines the constraint reactions. Simplifications due to the use of independent variables are indicated, and examples illustrating the concepts are included.
Topics: Dynamic analysis, Equations of motion
Journal Articles
Article Type: Research Papers
J. Appl. Mech. June 1992, 59(2S): S158–S162.
Published Online: June 1, 1992
Abstract
An efficient boundary element procedure for the dynamic analysis of crack propagation in unbounded and arbitrary shape finite bodies is presented. The procedure is based on the direct time domain formulation of the boundary element method. A moving singular element and a remeshing technique have been developed to model the asymptotic solution of the stresses near the propagating crack tip. These ideas are easily implemented for a boundary discretization as opposed to similar procedures previously developed in a finite element context. The method is applied to problems of dynamic crack propagation in finite and infinite elastic domains. The obtained numerical results are compared with infinite domain analytical solutions and with available numerical solutions for finite domains. | https://asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/appliedmechanics/search-results?f_SemanticFilterTopics=Dynamic%20analysis |
Professional skydiver tries to take flight with wingsuit during Hurricane Florence
Wingsuit stunt during Hurricane Florence doesn't fly
Author:
Daniel J. Gross, The Greenville News
Published:
3:49 PM EDT September 14, 2018
Updated:
4:25 PM EDT September 14, 2018
Michael Henderson of Tennessee, a professional skydiver, stands on the seventh floor of a parking garage in downtown Wilmington, North Carolina, as Hurricane Florence just hit land on Friday, September 14, 2018. Henderson said he always wanted to try out his wing suit during a hurricane. (Ken Ruinard / Greenville News / Gannett USA Today Network / 2018 )
"It's looking like it's not going to be strong enough," Henderson said around midnight Friday. He came from the Memphis area as a member of the West Tennessee Skydiving Club.
Michael Henderson of Tennessee, a professional skydiver, stands on the seventh floor of a parking garage in downtown Wilmington, North Carolina, as Hurricane Florence just hit land on Friday, September 14, 2018. Henderson was testing out his wing suit in hurricane conditions. (Ken Ruinard / Greenville News / Gannett USA Today Network / 2018 )
Ken Ruinard / Greenville News / USA Today Network
He and a friend slept in a Dodge Durango inside a downtown parking deck, waiting for wind gusts to strengthen.
He said he made several attempts early Friday by tethering himself to the ground while wearing his wingsuit. A wind gust caught him up into the air for a second or two, but he came back to the ground and fell.
By the time the storm was making landfall later Friday, Henderson tried it again, this time on the seventh floor of the Market Street parking garage.
Michael Henderson of Tennessee, a professional skydiver, stands on the seventh floor of a parking garage in downtown Wilmington, North Carolina, as Hurricane Florence just hit land on Friday, September 14, 2018. Henderson said he always wanted to try out his wing suit during a hurricane. (Ken Ruinard / Greenville News / Gannett USA Today Network / 2018 )
Ken Ruinard / staff
"It's amazing," he said as he strapped on his suit and video-camera-equipped helmet and stood at the top of the facility.
He didn't expect the wind gusts to be strong enough — he had tracked how Florence had weakened again to a Category 1 by the time it reached land — but he wanted to see what wearing the suit would do.
He never made it off the ground, even though wind gusts were strong enough to topple trees in downtown streets below.
Follow Daniel J. Gross on Twitter: @DanieljGross
Michael Henderson of Tennessee, a professional skydiver, stands on the seventh floor of a parking garage in downtown Wilmington, North Carolina, as Hurricane Florence just hit land on Friday, September 14, 2018. Henderson said he always wanted to try out his wing suit during a hurricane. (Ken Ruinard / Greenville News / Gannett USA Today Network / 2018 ) | |
Pathways of processing of wet microalgae for liquid fuel production: A critical review
Chaudry, S.ORCID: 0000-0003-1508-8626, Bahri, P.A.ORCID: 0000-0003-4661-5644 and Moheimani, N.R.ORCID: 0000-0003-2310-4147 (2015) Pathways of processing of wet microalgae for liquid fuel production: A critical review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 52 . pp. 1240-1250.
*Subscription may be required
Abstract
Microalgae have tremendous potential for producing liquid renewable fuel. Many methods for converting microalgae to biofuel have been proposed; however, an economical and energetically feasible route for algal fuel production is yet to be found. This paper presents a review on the comparison of the most promising conversion pathways of microalgae to liquid fuel: hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL), wet extraction and non-destructive extraction. The comparison is based on important assessment parameters of product quality and yield, nutrient recovery, GHG emissions, energy and the cost associated with the production of fuel from microalgae, in order to better understand the pros and cons of each method. It was found that the HTL pathway produces more oil than the wet extraction pathway; however, higher concentrations of unwanted components are present in the HTL oil produced. Less nutrients (N and P) can be recovered in HTL compared to wet extraction. HTL consumes more fossil energy and generates higher GHG emissions than wet extraction, while the production cost of fuel from HTL pathway is lower than wet extraction pathway. There is considerable uncertainty in the comparison of the energy consumption and economics of the HTL pathway and the wet extraction pathway due to different scenarios analysed in the assessment studies. To be able to appropriately compare methodologies, the conversion methods should be analysed from growth to upgradation of oil utilising sufficiently similar assumptions and scenarios. Based on the data in available literature, wet oil extraction is the more appropriate system for biofuel production than HTL. However, the potential of alternative extraction/conversion technologies, such as, non-destructive extraction, need to be further assessed. | https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/28278/ |
Q:
Coordinates for specific points calculated in QGIS Field Calculator?
I have got a layer in QGIS that is comprised of connected points which define regions of a country, thus the attribute table consists of 38 regions while the number of nodes in this layer is about 14000. The CRS system is EPSG:3410.
I want to do the following. For each regions calculate the rightmost point and then I want QGIS to give me the coordinates (XY) of this point. I have looked through many forums but I haven't found the answer to this simple problem.
I can find the x-coordinate of the rightmost point, in the field calculator for the regions layer I type x=xmax($geometry), but I do not understand how to get y coordinate of this point.
A:
A simple pyqgis script will do this but the following approach should also work:
use Extract Nodes to get a point layer of all the vertices.
add X and Y coordinate columns using $y and $x
now you can get the y max coordinate for each polygon. Try the Group Stats plugin to get these values for all the polygons.
| |
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
http://hdl.handle.net/10609/95288
|Title:||ReadClass. Diseño y desarrollo de prototipo de alta fidelidad de una aplicación para la gamificación del aula para el fomento de la lectura|
|Author:||Jurado Cano, Carmen|
|Director:||Porta Simó, Laura|
|Tutor:||Zorrilla Berasategui, Mikel|
|Keywords:||prototype|
mobile applications
gamification
reading promotion
web applications
|Issue Date:||7-Jun-2019|
|Publisher:||Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC)|
|Abstract:||This application tries to include gamification in the classroom by applying it to the area of Reading and obtaining motivation for the student. The final objective is the promotion of reading among young people who attend secondary education. To achieve this goal, a multitude of initiatives are applied to include the habit of reading in the lives of young people. This application tries to approach it using a very familiar tool for them: the game and the competition. This application will allow the teacher to generate an adventure, associated with a reading, full of tests and activities that will facilitate the competition to the students, with the reading as background. To achieve this, the application consists of 3 main elements: the adventures, the tests and activities and the trophies. The objective is clear and the way to work it, just need that the main actors make sense it: teachers, as adventure designers, and students, as participants or players. For this reason, these two facets of the application have been included considering the design of the interface for both actors. The intention of this project is to present an application of easy and daily use that can be used as a tool in the teaching and that helps to promote reading.|
|Language:||Spanish|
|URI:||http://hdl.handle.net/10609/95288|
|Appears in Collections:||Bachelor thesis, research projects, etc.|
Files in This Item: | http://openaccess.uoc.edu/webapps/o2/handle/10609/95288 |
Essays As a Format for Research and Review
An essay, in essence, is a composed piece that provide the author’s argument, but the exact definition is quite vague, encompassing all of these items: a newspaper, a letter, an essay, a novel, and even research papers a brief story. Essays are traditionally all over the area concerning format, however they fall to a few specific classes. They are sometimes descriptive, narrative, expository, analytical, creative, persuasive, or private.
Essays may be written for many distinct functions. One reason for writing essays is to present research findings in a distinctive manner, to share a comment or a point of view. Some essays are written in order to present a thesis statement. A thesis statement is a statement about a given area of research, usually regarding the author’s field of expertise, but occasionally quite broad in scope.
“Descriptive” essays are written to explain things in detail. They will provide enough information to allow the reader to formulate a notion, or to create a notion, or to examine a particular aspect of an part of the planet. A few examples of descriptive essays would be scientific studies, political science, literature, as well as technical areas such as engineering or architecture. Some readers prefer this style of essay. For example, compare the following sentence:”The planet Jupiter was once populated by primitive life forms. The fossils from such early civilizations are some of the oldest fossils that humankind has discovered.”
“odicontology” is a group of literary essays that concerns itself with the study of the bones of creatures. A good illustration of anodic essay might be a novel about human evolution. It might talk about the differences between types of people, how populations of modern humans differ from past ones, the qualities of modern humans that set them apart from other animals, the places where human remains are discovered, and so on. Some authors may decide to make their topics more complicated by creating a common structural motif or by presenting information that supports their arguments. If they opt to develop a complex theme, they must use descriptive phrases and words which identify the subject matter, as well as use several different sorts of literary devices to support their own claims.
“Background information” is a subject that appears frequently in many kinds of essays and it is usually about something which the writer has already examined in some way or another. A lot of people have their own opinions about what constitutes”background information.” Pupils should be aware that essays about the background information of a thesis statement are not needed to include ithowever, it is recommended that it be included. A background information essay often includes a description of an invention, a piece of engineering, or other important event. The essay discusses that thing in regard to the thesis statement and explains the way that item can aid support the thesis.
1 type of powerful essay utilizes a question to lead readers to some conclusion. Questions used to create this effect are called”leading questions,” while all other questions in an essay are called”additional questions” A student can opt to do either a directed question or an indirect question; however, the latter is more likely to lead to a persuasive composition. A pupil can perform both a directed question and an indirect question in their own essay, however only a directed question must qualify as a powerful composition. | https://www.indiansprings.com/essays-as-a-format-for-research-and-review/ |
Interviews with Planners - Mark Deane
Mark Deane is the CEO of ETS Risk Management, his experience stems from his career as an Operational Officer for the British Government specializing in counter terrorism and security. During this career, Mark was lucky enough to be involved in some of the largest counter terrorist operations in the past 20 years. Since leaving the service, Mark has developed to become a subject matter expert in special event security and risk management.
As CEO of ETS Mark has planned, managed and implemented numerous major event security and risk management operations. His clients include Fortune 10, Ultra-High Net Worth individuals, energy companies, multinational organizations including multiple Fortune 500, and scholastic organizations. Mark has planned, implemented and managed security for events ranging from Olympic corporate sponsor programs and sports events, through to VIP dinners and AGMs. He is an experienced project manager who leverages years of counter-terrorism, security and risk management experience to deliver a range of special event project management services precisely adapted to meet client requirements.
Mark's focus on providing intelligence-led security solutions, utilizing tailored risk assessments prepared in-house, and an in-depth working knowledge of locations has grown ETS a loyal customer base. This process provides clients the confidence that procedures and personnel requirements will be accurate, commensurate with risk, and therefore the perfect balance between appropriate levels of security and cost. ETS, via the guidance of its Board of Directors strives to remain an innovative risk management company, enabling clients operations, pushing simplification and customer relationship management at every juncture.
What is the best advice you have ever received as a planner?
A client told me that if I wanted to be successful with their company I should be able to explain and justify why I was planning certain security measures and protocols. They wanted to know why they needed eight people, instead of five, why the flow of guests had to be changed, or why credentialing got amended. This led me to focus on providing in-depth risk assessments and security plans that were easy to understand and tailored to the specific task. I provided the assessments and initial concept to the clients alongside proposals so they could see how we were thinking, what we were thinking about, and why certain things needed to be considered. This piece of advice early on in my commercial career moved me to better understand that security needs to be communicated more efficiently, be more approachable, and have a customer focus.
What is the most unique location you have ever planned an event at? What was great, what was challenging?
The Rio 2016 Olympics was a unique operating environment and also extremely challenging. Thoroughly stunning topography, amazing people, vibrant culture and the world’s biggest sporting event all in one city. However, it was logistically complex due to extremely high levels of crime, often violent and interspersed throughout every part of the city. This was compounded with poor operational planning and communication at a government level, major budget issues, the worse recession of modern times in Brazil, civil disturbance related to the impeachment, and an infrastructure that was heavily overstretched. The whole experience was amazing, the locals were supportive for the majority, all corporate sponsors, teams and volunteers rallied together, worked together and supported each other. The city put on an amazing display and the end result was a thoroughly successful Olympic Games.
What advice would you give to someone entering the business today?
Learn your client's objectives, and work in an enabling manner. Security is there to facilitate operations and support. Offer solutions, rather than just saying no.
What do you see as the most challenging aspect of being a planner, and how do you overcome that challenge?
Persuading clients that security should be brought in at the very earliest stages of event planning to work with all components. This forges the relationships between all stakeholders and security, allows for questions to be asked early that may affect the design and detail of the event, and helps develop a culture and understanding of how security is pervasive throughout every level.
For special event security to be its most effective it must be integrated throughout, be that layout design, access control, asset protection, credentialing, green rooms, transportation, fire safety, VIP & Law enforcement liaison and much more. If event planners can see security as an asset rather than a budgetary concern, it benefits the whole team.
To overcome this challenge, we work with clients to explain what we do and why. We work to gain the trust of the events team, show value at every juncture and identify to them that security is not about standing around ready to react if something goes wrong. That is reactive. In-fact it needs to be the opposite, security pro-actively identifying threats and the risk of those threats to help plan to avoid the danger. This is not just the physical aspect of protecting people and assets from serious threats such as terrorism, but involves reputation and brand protection as well as protection from litigation. There are multiple examples of events hitting the media spotlight for all the wrong reasons, including unprofessional security being aggressive or mishandling situations.
How do you think our industry will evolve in the next five years?
Guests, VIPs, staff, all stakeholders will become more security aware and 'on-side' of sensible security measures. Due to the evolving threat of terrorism and the ever-changing modus operandi of those that wish to inflict harm, and/or gain media attention there will be an increased level of acceptance towards security protocol.
The changing tide is seeing the requirement for good quality security (not the cheapest), commensurate with risk, cognizant of client image, and working to enable. The modern security team facilitates client logistics, liaises with multiple components, and pro-actively avoids danger.
What makes you successful as a planner?
I think it has been the ability, or at the very least the focus on trying to communicate security strategy in plain simple language, not there to scare monger or shock, nor try to impress with stories of daring exploits but to listen, understand and find solutions to problems. Clearly identifying to clients what should be done and why. This is not reinventing the security 'wheel' - merely doing the basics well to enable and facilitate.
In your opinion, what is the best and worst industry trend of the year?
Best trend of the year that I have noticed at events is the increased use of RFID for credentials.
Worst industry trend is for everyone when leaving to stand in one spot (normally directly outside the exit) and all dial an Uber or Lyft and then wait for the ensuing mess.
What is the best industry book that has helped you as a planner?
"How to Have a Good Day: Harness the Power of Behavioral Science to Transform Your Working Life" by Caroline Webb. Not sure if this classes as an industry book but anyone in the events world knows that there is never enough time in the day - this book will help.
CONNECT WITH MARK:
Mark Deane
ETS Risk Management
Website: ets-riskmanagement.com
LinkedIn
Facebook
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RELATED POSTS:
Interviews with Planners - Al Wynant
Interviews with Planners - Jasmene Eldeen
And please do us a little favor and share this post with others, for there’s a good chance that it will help them as they go about planning meetings and events.
Want to share your experiences? Submit them here. | https://www.eventinterface.com/en/blog/interviews-with-planners-mark-deane/ |
This webinar was a highly interactive session. We had 38 attendees from 11 countries attend. Thank you to all those who attended and contributed ideas.
What is in this Webinar:
Are your students exposed to English outside of the classroom?
For children to truly acquire a language they need constant exposure to the language. Find out what we can do as teachers and help parents increase exposure to English.
How varied is your input?
Children need to hear, see, and experience new language in various formats repetitively. Find out how we can help combat the forgetting curve by offering varied and challenging input of target language.
Do your students have enough feedback?
Continuous and meaningful feedback is the key to our students’ understanding of their own learning. Children need relevant and timely feedback on all aspects of their language learning experiences, but how can you help this happen? | https://studycat.com/webinar/helping-parents-and-teachers-understand-language-learning/ |
Title & Boundary Dispute Law in South Carolina
There are times when neighbors will find themselves in a situation where how they've been using their land doesn't match up with the property boundaries that are on record. This can be a source of considerable conflict, as one might expect.
Ideally, the neighbors could just ignore the situation, and go on as they had before, effectively agreeing to change the property lines to reflect their past use. This doesn't always happen, however. Furthermore, such a course of action is not free of issues, and could eventually result in ownership of the land legally changing to reflect the past use, even if one of the neighbors opposes this.
However, it's more common for the neighbor whose land is being encroached upon by the other neighbor to seek enforcement of the legal property lines. The other neighbor will almost certainly want to use the property as he had been, since enforcing the legal property lines would cause him to lose some of "his" land.
People in Camden, South Carolina should also be aware of the possibility of title (ownership) disputes. Unlike the boundary disputes discussed above, the outcome of a title dispute can determine who owns an entire parcel of real property. Confusion over who actually owns a piece of property is more common that some people might imagine. Many local property records are still kept on paper, are not very well-organized, and sometimes date back a hundred years or more. A lost or misfiled deed is the most common way for a title dispute to arise. However, sometimes fraud on the part of a seller can lead to title disputes. Unscrupulous individuals will sometimes try to sell the same piece of land to more than one person. And some people even try to sell property they don't own, occasionally succeeding (and this isn't just limited to bridges in London). Normally, once the buyers discover they've been duped, the "seller" is nowhere to be found, leaving them to figure out who owns the land they all thought they had purchased.
Possible Outcomes of Boundary and Title Disputes in Camden, South Carolina
One frequent resolution for boundary disputes is a court re-drawing the boundaries to fit with what the assumptions that the neighbors were operating under before the error was discovered. This normally happens when both parties were, for many years, aware of the actual property boundaries, and did nothing about it. Additionally, if the neighbor who has been encroaching onto the other neighbor's land has made costly improvements thereto, this weighs in favor of that neighbor, since changing the property lines would impose significant hardship on that neighbor.
Of course, there are plenty of reasons why a court might decide to enforce the property lines as the records indicate. If one neighbor knew about the discrepancy, and hid it from the other neighbor (presumably because the neighbor with the knowledge of the discrepancy benefited from it), a court will, of course, not reward this kind of dishonesty, and will decide against that neighbor. On the other hand, if the neighbor whose land would be expanded by enforcing the "real" property boundaries knew this fact, and took no action for many years, a court will probably not be receptive if he or she suddenly tries to enforce them. This is referred to as "sitting on one's rights," and courts will not reward this, either. If you have a legal right, you're expected to make efforts to vindicate it as soon as possible. If you don't, a court will basically say "I guess it wasn't that important to you if you waited 10 years to bring this to our attention. Next case."
With title disputes, a court has to decide who owns a particular piece of land. There are many factors that a court will consider, and this decision is governed by some fairly complicated laws in Camden, South Carolina.
In general, the person who first recorded the deed at the appropriate government office will be the one who the court deems to own the land, if they didn't have any reason to know about the existence of the other deed, or other sale, or whatever else gave rise to the title disagreement.
What Can A Camden, South Carolina Attorney Do?
As you might have gathered, it's not uncommon for the legal issues governing boundary and title disputes to get very complicated. Additionally, any dispute that can affect one's use or ownership of land has very high stakes (land isn't normally cheap, after all). Therefore, it shouldn't come as a surprise that hiring a competent Camden, South Carolina real estate lawyer to help in situations like this is always a good idea. | https://realestatelawyers.legalmatch.com/SC/Camden/title-boundary-disputes.html |
LEXEMES is an open access journal of the Department of French, University of Regina, published once a year both in print and online at www.lexemes.net. The journal harnesses the power of internet access and collaboration to provide academics, scholars and graduate students an innovative platform for publication of original research. LEXEMES also provides experience to graduate students in all areas of the academic publishing process.
The purpose of LEXEMES is to stimulate and report premier-quality research on a wide range of language-related issues. The journal welcomes a broad array of research traditions and approaches in general and applied linguistics. Theoretical papers and papers based on empirical research, including field, survey, experimental research, case studies, qualitative research, diachronic and synchronic research, demonstration projects, simulations and other types of theoretical or applied linguistic analyses on both a domestic and international basis are acceptable for publication. Replications and expansions of previous work with new samples, and improved empirical measures and analyses are also welcome.
The primary audience of the journal is academics, scholars, graduate students and language professionals, academic institutions and libraries with interest in the field of linguistics, sociolinguistics and applied linguistics.
Within most research-oriented programs of higher learning, there is an expectation among the faculty that graduate students should be involved in research leading to publication in scholarly journals. Although some graduate students are able to publish original research in the top journals in their fields, for most graduate students, there is little opportunity to serve as reviewers for journal articles, and editorial positions are always reserved for those with eminent scholarly credentials. LEXEMES is designed with the goal of providing experience in all aspects of the scholarly publishing process.
Copyright © 2018 LEXEMES - International Journal of Linguistic Research. All Rights Reserved. Designed & Hosted by Site Father. | https://lexemes.net/ |
You apply at www.universityadmissions.se. With your application, you must attach samples of work according to the information that can be read in the audition information. You upload your samples of work to the Malmö Academy of Music via the link below. Read the audition information carefully so that you send the correct documents and that these are in the correct format. In order for your application to be seen as complete, all files and documents must be uploaded according to the instructions no later than February 25, 2021. After this date, your application will be handled as late registration and you may then miss your opportunity to be offered a place.
Audition information
This year, the audition is carried out digitally by you submitting samples of work in the form of video recordings. The following parts are included in the material that you must submit:
- Samples of work
You submit:
• Audio or video files: 3 examples with good sound quality, where you yourself participate as a musician (audio files, video files or via links to website, youtube, soundcloud, etc.) that clearly shows your musicianship and making music.
• Description of the audio or video files that you have submitted. Who wrote the music being performed? What is your role in the music on the recordings (own group/sideman)? (PDF)
• A detailed description of the plan and purpose of the studies containing the formulation of an artistic project and which artistic processes you will focus on during your studies and how you intend to use the studies to achieve its goals. (PDF)
• CV with information on previous/present studies. (PDF)
- Instrumental performance
In addition to the samples of work you submit, you must also send in video recording/-s where you perform a varied program of at least 10 – and max 12 minutes total. The music must be performed solo without an accompanist group or other participating musicians. You choose which pieces you want to performe. Read more about recording quality, formats and time frames further down this page.
A jury group makes an assessment of the samples of work and calls applicants who have approved samples of work for an interview that takes place during week 10 via a digital meeting platform.
Instructions and criteria for videos
In order for the video recordings to be approved as a basis for assessment, you as an applicant must follow the instructions below:
- Read the audition information carefully to the program and instrument you are applying for to know which pieces and/or audition tasks you need to record and upload.
- Start your movies by identifying yourself - film your ID (or passport) and your face. You must also clearly state which piece you will perform on each recording. For the films to be considered valid, your face and hands must be visible at all times. You and your instrument must be in focus during the whole video.
- Perform and record (1) piece/audition task per film. Each film must be completed in continuous shooting. No clips or other technical edits are allowed.
- The sound should be of good quality, recorded with a microphone in your mobile phone or with a room microphone, without too much room acoustics and without distortion and noise.
- The video recordings must have good image quality with good contrast and light.
- You must upload the recordings in MP4 format. Other file formats are not allowed. Your samples of work folder must not exceed 5GB in size.
If these instructions are not followed or we suspect that the video files can somehow be assumed to have been modified, your submitted work samples may be assessed as invalid.
Instructions for electronic uploading of work samples
-
Check that you have signed up for the program you are applying for at www.universityadmissions.se
-
Choose the audio-/videofiles you want to submit. Save them in MP3 format (audio files) and MP4 format (video files) and name each file with title/number_your initials_date of birth (year/month/day). Separate the data with underscores. Name the files according to the following examples:
For your work samples: AP1_LaJo_990230 (In the example, the applicant is named Lars Jonsson born February 30, 1999)
For your audition samples: SP1_LaJo_990230, SP2_ etc
-
If you want to use links to YouTube, Soundcloud, your own website or similar as work samples, write full link names in a separate text document which you then save as a PDF. Name the PDF file according to the following example: APLinks_LaJo_990230
-
Save your other text documents in PDF formats and name them with title_initials_date of birth according to the following examples: CV_LaJo_990230, Plan_LaJo_990230 etc.
-
Create a new folder on your computer and MOST IMPORTANT - Name the folder with the abbreviation MuJazzMas_your full name_date of birth (year/month/day).
Example: MuJazzMas_LarsJonsson_990230
-
Put all your files in the folder and save it on your computer. The folder must not exceed 5GB in size.
-
Open the link for uploading work samples. You will find the link at the bottom of on this page - Upload your work samples here
-
Download or drag the entire folder from your computer into the upload window. Enter the same email address as when you made your registration at www.universityadmissions.se. Upload!
-
When the upload is complete, you will receive a confirmation directly in the browser. Do not close the browser until the upload is complete.
-
If you have problems with the upload of your work samples, please contact us via email to admissions [at] mhm [dot] lu [dot] se
NOTE! It is the applicant's responsibility to ensure that the work samples are complete according to the description, that they are submitted in the correct format and are playable and that any links lead to the correct location. Never send your work samples to the admissions email. They will end up wrong and your application will not be considered complete.
Upload your work samples here no later than February 25, 2021
Key dates for your application
January 15: Last day of application. Sign up for the programme at www.universityadmissions.se or www.antagning.se
January 22: Last completion day to prove your eligibility
February 25: Last day to upload your samples of work
April 13: Admissions results published
April 28: Last day to reply to your offer
Contact
For questions about admission to the Performance Programmes
admissions [at] mhm [dot] lu [dot] se
Reminder
Please note, that to meet the entry requirements for Master’s Level, you have to be able to demonstrate a Bachelor’s degree in Music or equivalent at the beginning of the semester. | https://www.mhm.lu.se/en/education/admissions-performance-programmes-music/programme-and-specialization-0/jazzimprovisation |
Soybean farmers statewide are waiting on the weather.
Significant rainfall will affect much of the central U.S. over the next few days, said
Only 5 percent of the state’s soybean crop is in the ground, according to the May 4 USDA crop progress report.
MU Extension specialist Todd Lorenz said mid-Missouri farmers are “waiting for the weather on soybean.” The same is true in northwestern Missouri, says MU Extension specialist Wyatt Miller. “The corn’s done and up and they’re holding off on beans.”
Last week, Missouri farmers took advantage of dry fields to push corn planting to 61 percent complete. With rain in the forecast, they are waiting to fill the planter boxes with soybean.
Soybean planted in the first week of May show increased yields over those planted during the second week, according to a 10-year study by Wiebold. Beans planted by mid-May yielded an average of 70 bushels per acre, with yields dropping to 65 by June 1 and 60 by June 15. Beans planted by July 15 dropped to less than half the yield of those put in the ground in mid-May.
Soybean planted in late April to early May have a better chance of developing vegetative growth that lets the plant collect more sunlight and save more water than those planted later. This increases the plant’s ability to set flowers and pods, resulting in higher yields.
Wiebold says farmers should wait for the right soil conditions before planting. The ever-resilient soybean yields well over a wide range of planting dates.
The most recent USDA prospective planting report says Missouri farmers intend to plant 5.65 million acres of soybean in 2015, the same as last year. Nationally, USDA expects soybean planting to increase by 0.9 million acres. | https://www.eddssupplies.com/news/soybean-farmers-waiting-on-the-weather/ |
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Rain wrecks day two in Zimbabwe
Friday’s 2nd round of the Africom Zimbabwe Open was suspended at 13h19 when persistent rain made play impossible.
Friday’s second round of the Africom Zimbabwe Open was suspended at 13h19 when persistent heavy rain waterlogged the Royal Harare course and made further play impossible.
Worst still, the weather forecast has predicted more rain for the rest of the weekend and because the entire field needs to complete 36 holes of golf in order for a result to be obtained, the organisers who hoping to get the second round completed morning early on Saturday.
Overnight leader Theunis Spangenberg was one of the lucky few able to complete his round – and he did so in fine style, signing for a five-under par 67 and a 13-under par 36-hole total of 131.
Darryn Lloyd is alone in second on 11-under par with Deane Pappas a further shot behind.
Defending champion Jbè Kruger has yet to tee off and was in fact standing on the first tee when play was suspended.
Leading Latest Scores (RSA unless specified):
Please note that the scores below include holes played in incomplete rounds (in brackets) and also lists those yet to begin their second rounds
-13 Theunis Spangenberg 64 67
-11 Darryn Lloyd 67 66
-10 Deane Pappas 67 67
-7 Neil Schietekat 68 69, Andrew Georgiou 68 (-3)
-6 JG Claassen 69 69, Jaco Ahlers 69 69, Adilson da Silva (BRA) 73 (-7) , Neil Cheetham (ENG) 66
-5 Michiel Bothma 75 64, Martin Maritz 67
-4 Johan du Buisson 69 71, Grant Muller 73 67, Ben Mannix (ENG) 69 (-1) , Anthony Michael 67 (+1) , Branden Grace 69 (-1) , Dawie Van der Walt 69 (-1) , Jean Hugo 68, Jbe’ Kruger 68, Vaughn Groenewald 68
-3 Johan Etsebeth 74 67, Trevor Fisher Jnr 71 70, PH McIntyre 69 72, Allan Versfeld 72 (-3) , Darren Fichardt 72 (-3) , Justin Harding 74 (-5) , Tony Johnstone (ZIM) 69, Dean O’Riley 69, Divan van den Heever 69, Tyrone Mordt 69, Albert Pistorius 69, Derik Ferreira 69, Andrew Odoh (NGA) 69
-2 Merrick Bremner 74 68, Alan McLean (SCO) 70 (Par) , Ignatius Mketekete (ZIM) 71 (-1) , Dismas Indiza (KEN) 70 (Par) , Robert Wiederkehr (SUI) 70 (Par) , Bruce McDonald (ZIM) 70, Matthew Carvell 70, Warren Abery 70, Toto Thimba (Jnr) 70, Josh Cunliffe 70, Michael Dreyer 70
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Individual variation in organ histogenesis as a causative factor in the developmental origins of health and disease: unnoticed congenital anomalies?
Morphological studies of congenital anomalies have mainly focused on abnormal shape (i.e. malformation) and thus on disturbed organogenesis. However, in regard to postnatal functions of organs that develop through branching mechanisms, organ size is another important morphological feature. These organs consist of a large number of structural and functional units, such as nephrons in the kidney, and the total number of these units, that is approximately proportional to the organ size, has been shown to vary widely among individuals. Organ-specific cells are differentiated and organized to form structural units and realize organ-specific functions during the histogenetic period (i.e. from mid-gestation to the early postnatal period). The total number of units is attained at the end of histogenesis and determines the total functional capacity, including the functional reserve of the organ, and thus may be related to predispositions to postnatal organ-based diseases, because the functional reserve decreases during the course of life and eventually become short of the minimum requirement of each organ. Therefore, it may be hypothesized that a smaller number of units of organs at the end of histogenesis is one of the predisposing factors for postnatal diseases (i.e. a form of unnoticed but late-manifested congenital anomalies), in this era of extended longevity. However, the mechanisms that control the total number of units in each organ during histogenesis and the possible relationship among the numbers of units in different organs remain unknown. Here, we review our trials based on the above hypothesis in order to (1) mathematically analyze the morphometric data of the different organs in fetuses to elucidate relationship among developing organs, (2) analyze the developing neuro-immuno-endocrine network as a series of mechanisms to systemically correlate the histogenesis of multiple organs, and (3) examine the maternal environment, including dietary fat, as a factor to influence histogenesis and thus the predisposition to type 1 diabetes.
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A bearing is a device to allow constrained relative motion between two or more parts, typically rotation or linear movement. Bearings may be classified broadly according to the motions they allow and according to their principle of operation as well as by the directions of applied loads they can handle.
Contents
History
The invention of the rolling bearing, in the form of an object being moved on wooden rollers, is of great antiquity and may predate the invention of the wheel.
Though it is often claimed that the Egyptians used roller bearings in the form of tree trunks under sleds this is modern speculation. They are depicted in their own drawings in the tomb of Djehutihotep as moving massive stone blocks on sledges with the runners lubricated with a liquid which would constitute a plain bearing.
There are also Egyptian drawings of bearings used with hand drills.
The earliest recovered example of a rolling element bearing is a wooden ball bearing supporting a rotating table from the remains of the Roman Nemi ships in Lake Nemi, Italy. The wrecks were dated to 40 AD.
Leonardo da Vinci incorporated drawings of ball bearings in his design for a helicopter around the year 1500. This is the first recorded use of bearings in an aerospace design. However, Agostino Ramelli is the first to have published sketches of roller and thrust bearings. An issue with ball and roller bearings is that the balls or rollers rub against each other causing additional friction which can be prevented by enclosing the balls or rollers in a cage. The captured, or caged, ball bearing was originally described by Galileo in the 17th century. The mounting of bearings into a set was not accomplished for many years after that. The first patent for a ball race was by Philip Vaughan of Carmarthen in 1794.
Bearings saw use for holding wheel and axles. The bearings used there were plain bearings that were used to greatly reduce friction over that of dragging an object by making the friction act over a shorter distance as the wheel turned.
The first plain and rolling-element bearings were wood closely followed by bronze. Over their history bearings have been made of many materials including ceramic, sapphire, glass, steel, bronze, other metals and plastic (e.g., nylon, polyoxymethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, and UHMWPE) which are all used today.
Watch makers produced "jeweled" pocket watches using sapphire plain bearings to reduce friction thus allowing more precise time keeping.
Even basic materials can have good durability. As examples, wooden bearings can still be seen today in old clocks or in water mills where the water provides cooling and lubrication.
The first practical caged-roller bearing was invented in the mid-1740s by horologist John Harrison for his H3 marine timekeeper. This uses the bearing for a very limited oscillating motion but Harrison also used a similar bearing in a truly rotary application in a contemporaneous regulator clock.
A patent on ball bearings, reportedly the first, was awarded to Jules Suriray, a Parisian bicycle mechanic, on 3 August 1869. The bearings were then fitted to the winning bicycle ridden by James Moore in the world's first bicycle road race, Paris-Rouen, in November 1869.
The idea of Friedrich Fischer, founder of FAG, from the year 1883 for milling and grinding balls of equal size and exact roundness by means of a suitable production machine formed the foundation for creation of an independent bearing industry.
The modern, self-aligning design of ball bearing is attributed to Sven Wingquist of the SKF ball-bearing manufacturer in 1907, when he was awarded Swedish patent No. 25406 on its design.
Henry Timken, a 19th century visionary and innovator in carriage manufacturing, patented the tapered roller bearing, in 1898. The following year, he formed a company to produce his innovation. Through a century, the company grew to make bearings of all types, specialty steel and an array of related products and services.
Erich Franke invented and patented the wire race bearing in 1934. His focus was on a bearing design with a cross section as small as possible and which could be integrated into the enclosing design. After World War II he founded together with Gerhard Heydrich the company Franke & Heydrich KG (today Franke GmbH) to push the development and production of wire race bearings.
Richard Stribeck’s extensive research on ball bearing steels identified the metallurgy of the commonly used 100Cr6 (AISI 52100) showing coefficient of friction as a function of pressure.
Designed in 1968 and later patented in 1972, Bishop-Wisecarver's co-founder Bud Wisecarver created vee groove bearing guide wheels, a type of linear motion bearing consisting of both an external and internal 90 degree vee angle.[non-primary source needed]
In the early 1980s, Pacific Bearing's founder, Robert Schroeder, invented the first bi-material plain bearing which was size interchangeable with linear ball bearings. This bearing had a metal shell (aluminum, steel or stainless steel) and a layer of Teflon-based material connected by a thin adhesive layer.
Today ball and roller bearings are used in many applications which include a rotating component. Examples include ultra high speed bearings in dental drills, aerospace bearings in the Mars Rover, gearbox and wheel bearings on automobiles, flexure bearings in optical alignment systems and bicycle wheel hubs.
Common
By far, the most common bearing is the plain bearing, a bearing which uses surfaces in rubbing contact, often with a lubricant such as oil or graphite. A plain bearing may or may not be a discrete device. It may be nothing more than the bearing surface of a hole with a shaft passing through it, or of a planar surface that bears another (in these cases, not a discrete device); or it may be a layer of bearing metal either fused to the substrate (semi-discrete) or in the form of a separable sleeve (discrete). With suitable lubrication, plain bearings often give entirely acceptable accuracy, life, and friction at minimal cost. Therefore, they are very widely used.
However, there are many applications where a more suitable bearing can improve efficiency, accuracy, service intervals, reliability, speed of operation, size, weight, and costs of purchasing and operating machinery.
Thus, there are many types of bearings, with varying shape, material, lubrication, principle of operation, and so on.
Principles of operation
There are at least six common principles of operation:
- plain bearing, also known by the specific styles: bushings, journal bearings, sleeve bearings, rifle bearings
- rolling-element bearings such as ball bearings and roller bearings
- jewel bearings, in which the load is carried by rolling the axle slightly off-center
- fluid bearings, in which the load is carried by a gas or liquid
- magnetic bearings, in which the load is carried by a magnetic field
- flexure bearings, in which the motion is supported by a load element which bends.
Motions
Common motions permitted by bearings are:
- Axial rotation e.g. shaft rotation
- Linear motion e.g. drawer
- spherical rotation e.g. ball and socket joint
- hinge motion e.g. door, elbow, knee
Friction
Reducing friction in bearings is often important for efficiency, to reduce wear and to facilitate extended use at high speeds and to avoid overheating and premature failure of the bearing. Essentially, a bearing can reduce friction by virtue of its shape, by its material, or by introducing and containing a fluid between surfaces or by separating the surfaces with an electromagnetic field.
- By shape, gains advantage usually by using spheres or rollers, or by forming flexure bearings.
- By material, exploits the nature of the bearing material used. (An example would be using plastics that have low surface friction.)
- By fluid, exploits the low viscosity of a layer of fluid, such as a lubricant or as a pressurized medium to keep the two solid parts from touching, or by reducing the normal force between them.
- By fields, exploits electromagnetic fields, such as magnetic fields, to keep solid parts from touching.
Combinations of these can even be employed within the same bearing. An example of this is where the cage is made of plastic, and it separates the rollers/balls, which reduce friction by their shape and finish.
Loads
Bearings vary greatly over the size and directions of forces that they can support.
Forces can be predominately radial, axial (thrust bearings) or bending moments perpendicular to the main axis.
Speeds
Different bearing types have different operating speed limits. Speed is typically specified as maximum relative surface speeds, often specified ft/s or m/s. Rotational bearings typically describe performance in terms of the product DN where D is the diameter (often in mm) of the bearing and N is the rotation rate in revolutions per minute.
Generally there is considerable speed range overlap between bearing types. Plain bearings typically handle only lower speeds, rolling element bearings are faster, followed by fluid bearings and finally magnetic bearings which are limited ultimately by centripetal force overcoming material strength.
Play
Some applications apply bearing loads from varying directions and accept only limited play or "slop" as the applied load changes. One source of motion is gaps or "play" in the bearing. For example, a 10 mm shaft in a 12 mm hole has 2 mm play.
Allowable play varies greatly depending on the use. As example, a wheelbarrow wheel supports radial and axial loads. Axial loads may be hundreds of newtons force left or right, and it is typically acceptable for the wheel to wobble by as much as 10 mm under the varying load. In contrast, a lathe may position a cutting tool to ±0.02 mm using a ball lead screw held by rotating bearings. The bearings support axial loads of thousands of newtons in either direction, and must hold the ball lead screw to ±0.002 mm across that range of loads.
Stiffness
A second source of motion is elasticity in the bearing itself. For example, the balls in a ball bearing are like stiff rubber, and under load deform from round to a slightly flattened shape. The race is also elastic and develops a slight dent where the ball presses on it.
The stiffness of a bearing is how the distance between the parts which are separated by the bearing varies with applied load. With rolling element bearings this is due to the strain of the ball and race. With fluid bearings it is due to how the pressure of the fluid varies with the gap (when correctly loaded, fluid bearings are typically stiffer than rolling element bearings).
Service life
Main articles: Fluid bearing and Magnetic bearing
- Fluid and magnetic bearings
Fluid and magnetic bearings can have practically indefinite service lives. In practice, there are fluid bearings supporting high loads in hydroelectric plants that have been in nearly continuous service since about 1900 and which show no signs of wear.
- Rolling element bearings
Rolling element bearing life is determined by load, temperature, maintenance, lubrication, material defects, contamination, handling, installation and other factors. These factors can all have a significant effect on bearing life. For example, the service life of bearings in one application was extended dramatically by changing how the bearings were stored before installation and use, as vibrations during storage caused lubricant failure even when the only load on the bearing was its own weight; the resulting damage is often false brinelling. Bearing life is statistical: several samples of a given bearing will often exhibit a bell curve of service life, with a few samples showing significantly better or worse life. Bearing life varies because microscopic structure and contamination vary greatly even where macroscopically they seem identical.
- Plain bearings
For plain bearings some materials give much longer life than others. Some of the John Harrison clocks still operate after hundreds of years because of the lignum vitae wood employed in their construction, whereas his metal clocks are seldom run due to potential wear.
- Flexure bearings
Flexure bearings rely on elastic properties of material.Flexure bearings bend a piece of material repeatedly. Some materials fail after repeated bending, even at low loads, but careful material selection and bearing design can make flexure bearing life indefinite.
- Short-life bearings
Although long bearing life is often desirable, it is sometimes not necessary. Harris describes a bearing for a rocket motor oxygen pump that gave several hours life, far in excess of the several tens of minutes life needed.
L10 life
Bearings are often specified to give an "L10" life (outside the USA, it may be referred to as "B10" life.) This is the life at which ten percent of the bearings in that application can be expected to have failed due to classical fatigue failure (and not any other mode of failure like lubrication starvation, wrong mounting etc.), or, alternatively, the life at which ninety percent will still be operating.The L10 life of the bearing is theoretical life and may not represent service life of the bearing. Bearings are also rated using C0 (static loading) value. This is the basic load rating as a reference, and not an actual load value.
External factors
The service life of the bearing is affected by many parameters that are not controlled by the bearing manufactures. For example, bearing mounting, temperature, exposure to external environment, lubricant cleanliness and electrical currents through bearings etc.
Maintenance
Many bearings require periodic maintenance to prevent premature failure, although some such as fluid or magnetic bearings may require little maintenance.
Most bearings in high cycle operations need periodic lubrication and cleaning, and may require adjustment to minimise the effects of wear.
Bearing life is often much better when the bearing is kept clean and well-lubricated. However, many applications make good maintenance difficult. For example bearings in the conveyor of a rock crusher are exposed continually to hard abrasive particles. Cleaning is of little use because cleaning is expensive, yet the bearing is contaminated again as soon as the conveyor resumes operation. Thus, a good maintenance program might lubricate the bearings frequently but never clean them.
Types
There are many different types of bearings.
Type Description Friction Stiffness† Speed Life Notes Plain bearing Rubbing surfaces, usually with lubricant; some bearings use pumped lubrication and behave similarly to fluid bearings. Depends on materials and construction, PTFE has coefficient of friction ~0.05-0.35, depending upon fillers added Good, provided wear is low, but some slack is normally present Low to very high Low to very high - depends upon application and lubrication Widely used, relatively high friction, suffers from stiction in some applications. Depending upon the application, lifetime can be higher or lower than rolling element bearings. Rolling element bearing Ball or rollers are used to prevent or minimise rubbing Rolling coefficient of friction with steel can be ~0.005 (adding resistance due to seals, packed grease, preload and misalignment can increase friction to as much as 0.125) Good, but some slack is usually present Moderate to high (often requires cooling) Moderate to high (depends on lubrication, often requires maintenance) Used for higher moment loads than plain bearings with lower friction Jewel bearing Off-center bearing rolls in seating Low Low due to flexing Low Adequate (requires maintenance) Mainly used in low-load, high precision work such as clocks. Jewel bearings may be very small. Fluid bearing Fluid is forced between two faces and held in by edge seal Zero friction at zero speed, low Very high Very high (usually limited to a few hundred feet per second at/by seal) Virtually infinite in some applications, may wear at startup/shutdown in some cases. Often negligible maintenance. Can fail quickly due to grit or dust or other contaminants. Maintenance free in continuous use. Can handle very large loads with low friction. Magnetic bearings Faces of bearing are kept separate by magnets (electromagnets or eddy currents) Zero friction at zero speed, but constant power for levitation, eddy currents are often induced when movement occurs, but may be negligible if magnetic field is quasi-static Low No practical limit Indefinite. Maintenance free. (with electromagnets) Active magnetic bearings (AMB) need considerable power. Electrodynamic bearings (EDB) do not require external power. Flexure bearing Material flexes to give and constrain movement Very low Low Very high. Very high or low depending on materials and strain in application. Usually maintenance free. Limited range of movement, no backlash, extremely smooth motion †Stiffness is the amount that the gap varies when the load on the bearing changes, it is distinct from the friction of the bearing.
See also
- Ball spline
- Combined bearing
- Hertz contact stress
- Hinge
- Rolamite
- Scrollerwheel
- Slewing bearing
- Spherical bearing
References
- ^ a b American Society of Mechanical Engineers (1906), Transactions of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 27, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, p. 441, http://books.google.com/books?id=aWd1G50m8WEC&pg=RA1-PA441.
- ^ Bryan Bunch, The history of science and technology.
- ^ Steven Blake Shubert, Encyclopedia of the archaeology of ancient Egypt
- ^ Guran, Ardéshir; Rand, Richard H. (1997), Nonlinear dynamics, World Scientific, p. 178, ISBN 9789810229825, http://books.google.com/books?id=ttBQ1k8MYZ4C&pg=PA178&lpg=PA178.
- ^ Purtell, John (1999/2001). Project Diana, chapter 10: http://nemiship.multiservers.com/nemi.htm
- ^ Bearing Industry Timeline, http://www.abma-dc.org/BearingIndustry/BearingTimeline/tabid/84/Default.aspx, retrieved 2009-11-17.
- ^ Bicycle History, Chronology of the Growth of Bicycling and the Development of Bicycle Technology by David Mozer
- ^ R. Stribeck, Kugellager für beliebige Belastungen Zeitschrift des Vereins Deutscher Ingenieure, 1901, Nr. 3, Band 45, p. 73-79
- ^ N.N. (R. Stribeck), Kugellager (ball bearings), Glasers Annalen für Gewerbe und Bauwesen, 1901, No. 577, p. 2-9, Published 01. July 1901
- ^ A. Martens, Schmieröluntersuchungen (Investigations on oils) Part I: Mitteilungen aus den Königlichen technischen Versuchsanstalten zu Berlin, Ergänzungsheft III 1888, p. 1-37, Verlag von Julius Springer, Berlin and Part II: Mitteilungen aus den Königlichen technischen Versuchsanstalten zu Berlin, Ergänzungsheft V, 1889, p. 1-57, Verlag von Julius Springer, Berlin, (Note: These files can be downloaded from the website of BAM: http://www.bam.de/de/ueber_uns/geschichte/adolf_martens.htm)
- ^ Machine Design (2007), Did You Know: Bud Wisecarver, Machine Design, p. 1, http://www.bwc.com/pdf/news/1737_MSD_BIWI_eprint_.pdf.
- ^ "Design News Magazine - July 1995". http://www.designnews.com/article/9409-Prime_mover_in_custom_bearings.php.
- ^ a b Harris, Tedric A. (2000, 4th edition). Rolling Bearing Analysis. Wiley-Interscience. ISBN 0-471-35457-0.
External links
Categories:
- Comprehensive review on bearings, University of Cambridge
- How bearings work
- Early bearing failure detection
- How to measure a bearing
- Kinematic Models for Design Digital Library (KMODDL) - Movies and photos of hundreds of working mechanical-systems models at Cornell University. Also includes an e-book library of classic texts on mechanical design and engineering.
- Types of bearings, Cambridge University
- Bearings
- Tribology
Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.
Look at other dictionaries: | http://enacademic.com/dic.nsf/enwiki/141695/Bearing |
I have recorded a video driving with my car, with my phone stuck to the side window. Basically it's like a 2d view, but with depth. The video has 2 minutes in length and the distance traveled by the car is around 2-3km (not that relevant I think).
I want to transform that video (more correctly would be the distance) into a background for a 2d game (more like an entire level where the hero travels from the start of the video to the end), do you happen to know any software that would extract the frames and put them back into a long horizontal long image compiled from the video? If I snapshot frames one by one and put them one near another in Photoshop it's not what I want, it looks somehow distorted or something, I tried with 5-10 meters but a house turned squeezed.
Hope it's clear, let me know if now and I will try to explain in another way, thx! | https://photo.stackexchange.com/questions/128517/convert-video-into-long-horizontal-image |
As Peter Carlyle waves his wife, children and brother-in-law off on a sailing holiday, all they have in mind is lying back and relaxing. But as a violent storm breaks out, an explosion causes the boat to vanish without a trace and the family are lost, presumed dead. Until now. When a message in a bottle is washed up on a shore, it becomes apparent that there must have been at least one survivor. Peter is a broken man, he appears to struggle to contain his grief as he holds a heartfelt TV interview about his loss.But all is not as it seems, beneath the grief lies a more sinister side, Peter is involved with a beautiful - and dangerous - younger woman and it soon transpires that he knows more about his family's disappearance than he is letting on. He seeks to find whatever remains of his family, but is he really looking for a happy reunion? And could it be that it isn't just Peter who is hot on the Dunne family's trail? The race is on to rescue any survivors and discover what happened aboard the luxury yacht.
A sensational summer thriller from bestselling author, James Patterson.
James Patterson is one of the best-known and biggest selling writers of all time. He is the author of some of the most popular series of the past decade: the Women's Murder Club, the Alex Cross novels and Maximum Ride, and he has written many other number one bestsellers including romance novels and stand alone thrillers. He has won an Edgar award, the mystery world's highest honour. He lives in Florida with his wife and son. | https://store.riverbendbooks.com.au/p/fiction-sail--4 |
How often do you tell your children they should share with one another? Quite often, perhaps? Learning to share is a vital life skill and quite a tough one to acquire, given that children at a young age (especially between the ages 2-7) are egocentric. So, what can parents do to help their children master this important life skill? Well, first, we should ask ourselves, ‘How do children learn to share?’
In trying to answer this question, Albert Bandura’s work is very helpful. His social learning theory directed the attention to the importance of modelling in children’s learning. In simple terms, children observe in detail the individuals (called ‘models’) around them. These models (i.e. parents, friends) provide examples of behaviour for children to observe, encode and at a later stage imitate/copy. As parents, being one of the most influential models, your nurturing behaviour (i.e. expressing confidence in your child’s abilities, responding to your child’s request for attention) and actions can greatly encourage sharing behaviour which can then be adopted by your children.
Second, literature can help children learn about sharing. Literature takes sharing, an essentially abstract concept and places it inside specific settings, providing lots of opportunities for role-playing and making it more ‘personal’. There are great books out there, many of which are all-time-classic worth reading with your child.
Third, most recently, it has been shown that giving choice to children increases sharing behaviour. Put simply: Don’t force them! When given a choice children’s sharing behaviour increases in the future. Many parents’ first action is to entice their children with a reward or instruct/order them to share, but this may not be a good idea after all. This is because unconsciously, children assume that sharing must not be something it should be done willingly and so they come to perceive themselves as ‘not natural sharers’. On the other hand, allowing children to freely choose whether to give their precious possessions to another or not leads them to see themselves as ‘natural sharers’.
Ask your child what he/she thinks it means to share. Was that an/the answer you expected? What do you do to help your child learn to share?
References
BANDURA, A., 1977. Social Learning Theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
CHERNYAK, N. & KUSHNIR, T., 2013. Giving preschoolers choice increases sharing behaviour. Psychological Science, XX (X), pp. 1-9.
HOFFMAN, S. & WUNDRAM, B., 1984. Views from 3-year-olds and thoughts for teachers: Sharing is… Childhood Education, 60 (4), pp. 261-265.
LOWELL KROGH, S. & LEONARD LAMME, L., 1983. Learning to share: How literature can help. Childhood Education, 59 (3), pp. 188-192.
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Penelope’s Loom
Welcome to “Penelope’s Loom”! This is the name of our collection of educational articles that includes only research-based information on education, educational psychology and parenting, taken from sources such as scientific publications, reviews of research and government reports. Our aim is to offer our readers objective, authentic, scholarly information in a clear and simple way. If you would like to learn more about any of the themes tackled in our articles, feel free to contact us at [email protected] and we will send you an e-copy of the references and/or further readings. | https://ethaca.com/one-for-you-one-for-me-one-to-share/ |
Hello All!
In this post, we'd like to talk a little bit about how vehicular combat will work in Decimation, and share some images and specs of the Serrada ACV. To learn more about Decimation, you can visit our development blog at Final Element Games, or visit Decimation's Indiegogo Campaign.
In Decimation, the player can choose which units to take with him/her when exploring the gameworld. But during combat, the player will have direct control over one unit only: The Armored Command Vehicle (ACV). Other units and turrets that the player owns in the battle will be controlled by the game's A.I. This will allow the player to move freely in combat and pursue different strategies to win certain scenarios. On defense for example: if there are 2 main entry points for enemy units, then the player can choose to deploy majority of available defensive emplacements at one entry point while spend majority of the battle using the ACV to defend the other.
There are three main types of ACVs in the game: Light, Medium and Heavy. The ACV represents the player on the battlefield. It main role is to achieve and maintain tactical dominance through a variety of weapons systems and upgrades. Each ACV has its strengths and weaknesses. The Light ACV provides more mobility, at the expense of lighter armor and weapon loadout. The Medium ACV is slower but has heavier armor and more armament slots, and the heavy ACV has the most defensive and offensive equipment slots in the game.
At the beginning of the game, the first command vehicle available to the colony is the Serrada Light ACV.
Only a few prototypes of the Serrada have been known to exist prior to the destruction wrought during the Great Chaos (2040 A.D.). By all accounts, this vehicle never made it to mass production. It was originally designed as an all-terrain combat vehicle outfitted with the new Iyazarr Ion engine. As one of the few military weapons testing facilities in the region, the colony was provided three Serradas. One was lost right after the war, while the other was badly damaged. The third Serrada disappeared together the colony's former commander. The remaining Serrada was patched together and has been kept in a functional state but without the original ion engine. It now uses a standard military V-8 diesel engine.
The Serrada's primary protection comes from its speed and maneuverability. The colony's Serrada retains most of the original's rolled compound armor panels. The windshield has been replaced by a dual layer of aluminum oxynitride ballistic glass and a layer of slats have been added to provide added protection from small arms. It is currently armed with a 75mm single rifled cannon, and a .50 caliber machinegun. These weapons can be swapped out with other armaments as they become available to the player.
To serve the role of an ACV, the colony's science officer Hachirou Shinichi outfitted the Serrada with a positional mapping array (found at the special equipment slot at the vehicle's rear) which relays data captured by the Serrada's targeting computer back to the colony's command center. This data is used to provide more accurate and timely information to the colony's defense operators (who remotely control the colony's defensive emplacements). A necessity, as the increased levels of radioactivity have greatly diminshed the operating performance of the communications modules used by the colony. This will be translated in-game as stat bonuses to defensive turrets within a certain radius from the player's ACV.
To download the higher resolution images of the Serrada, please feel free visit the Image Gallery on our site. That's all we have for now, and we'll be back very soon for more updates on the game. Cheers! | https://www.indiedb.com/news/decimation-more-on-the-games-vehicular-combat-aspect |
I was interviewed a while back on the topic of self-love. It’s come up recently in conversation amongst friends and with clients…therefore it’s time to post.
For me, self-love is about returning ‘home’. We are born as pure love. As we are growing up we allow ourselves to be conditioned by society and through our relationships with others. We lose sight of this truth that we are pure love.
I had lost my connection to the Divine (God). I am in my early 40s now and self-love has only really become important to me in the past few years, even more so in the past few months. I didn’t think about it too much before. Love is always here and available. God is always here and available. It is so easy to get caught up in doing and not being, not appreciating the beauty of the life that I have been given as a gift, by ignoring the now. Now is all we have.
Self-love is important to me because if I don’t truly love myself, how can I expect someone else to love me? How can I fully express my love to another if I can’t acknowledge and express it for myself?
I started, although I didn’t know it was a journey into self-love at the time, in 2008 when I had reached a point in my career where I was feeling unhappy, stressed out and generally disconnected from life. I had left an unhealthy relationship too. I knew deep down there was more to life and I was determined to find it. I left everything behind to pursue my yoga teacher training, which turned into four years of travel and giving back through teaching yoga!
Remembering to put me first. I’m often focused on giving and I want to help others. If I don’t look after myself I am less able to help others – this is a good reminder for me to stay balanced.
I’m not sure if this qualifies as an obstacle, it could be an obstacle that exists in my mind only. It’s in dealing with my impatience. Sometimes I struggle to have patience and accept that everything is unfolding exactly as it should be, with perfect timing. As I’m an action-oriented person I’ve been challenged to learn to slow down, to allow things to happen, rather than create them with sheer effort alone.
I generally see challenges as opportunities. It’s helpful to take a step back and to notice my emotions before they run out of control. Before I started my journey I would roll with whatever emotion was surfacing and project it onto others without much thought. Taking the time to pause, to think before I speak and to ask myself where the emotion is coming from, helps to turn the attention inwards. By slowing down and reacting less, I’m able to see a way through a challenge, rather than focusing on the problem itself.
10 mins feels like such a short time, but if I have to narrow it down to my MUST DOs, I don’t get out of bed until I have silently thanked God for the opportunity to experience another day. Gratitude upon waking up is a must. If my mind is busy and is heading to a negative place, I switch to positive thoughts of appreciation before getting out of bed.
Once I’m up I write for a few more minutes. This is a combination of expanding upon my thoughts of gratitude and also a brain dump, which helps me clear my mind for the day. I use a freewriting technique to see what is flowing each day.
I spend the remaining few minutes sitting quietly in meditation.
Thank you Elena for asking these questions!
If you want to read more about my story and learn how to invite more self-love into your life, get my book Life Reboot: An Inner Wisdom Guide To Finding Your Passion And Purpose. | https://body-mind-spirit-coach.com/2017/09/03/an-inquiry-into-self-love/ |
This month before lockdown, we discussed with the women of the group regarding the sources of income for the month of March, April and May, as selling nankeens and sev packets do not increase income quickly. In the meeting we concluded to move forward making packets of snacks for marriage and other functions of the village and neighbouring areas, as the next three to four months are the season of weddings in this area.
We had a cold winter in Yakawlang this year, and even though it is springtime, the trees haven't budded, yet. Presently, we have distributed more than 16,000 poplar cuttings! As we give the cuttings to the local farmers, we also teach them how to plant hybrid poplars. So far, 20 farmers have been trained this year.
Women are empowered and many more will be empowered in the future. Our Transformational Community Development (TCD) team is helping women and teaching them how to develop others, as well. Many women are already helping and uplifting their families after learning how to stitch.
Earlier in the month of February, our Transformational Community Development (TCD) worker, Moses, reported that the Income Generation Committee met to deliberate on other ways to raise more funds to invest in small scale businesses. The committee members agreed to embark on research and submit their findings at the next meeting.
Devna lives in RT village. She and her husband live with their two children. Her life was full of struggle and sorrows because of poverty. She and her husband worked very hard, but they were still facing financial, food, clothing and other problems. At times, they would only eat once a day, at other times, they wouldn’t eat at all. Their children used to cry because of hunger, and it was a really difficult life for them.
All our goats - hosting families are waiting for the newborn goats as this is the season until mid-March. After all the pregnant goats give birth, the number of goats will increase and that will enable us to move some goats to a new hosting family. This is what we are planning on and waiting to do.
Rami
GHNI Assistant Regional Field Leader
The lifestyle of the Attir community is improving day by day; living standards of people have improved amazingly. This change started when GHNI began the coaching programme four years ago. After many lessons on different kinds of businesses, the goat business seems favourable for the Attir community and has brought a lot of transformation, simply because a lot of people want to venture into business without enduring too much stress.
With so many years of prolonged drought affecting the Isiolo area, the community has come to be dependent on external relief food. This phenomenon has been seen in northern Kenya for years and has affected the livelihood of the communities living in these areas. | https://www.globalhopenetwork.org/blog-categories/blog-income-generation?page=1 |
Update: The Police Executive Research Forum (PERF) has completed its review of use of force policies, procedures, training and case files at the Volusia County Sheriff’s Office. The report, which includes a summary of findings as well as several recommendations, has been posted in full on the VCSO website (click here to access it).
Several of PERF’s recommendations for the agency have already been implemented – from new policy language to adjustments to deputy training. In its report, PERF noted that VCSO is committed to fully integrating progressive changes to improve the practices and organizational culture of the agency. Specifically, the agency has taken steps to encourage a view of law enforcement officers as guardians of the community. Sheriff Mike Chitwood, who requested the review soon after he took office in 2017, said the report's recommendations were about smart policing.
"As guardians who have a high value for the sanctity of human life, we want to do everything we can to create an environment where our deputies go home safely and the subject of a call has the opportunity to either go to jail or go get medical treatment in a safe environment," Sheriff Chitwood said Monday.
PERF examined 15 VCSO deputy-involved shootings that occurred between January 2014 and June 15, 2017 (when the review began). Of those 15 cases, 11 of them ended in a subject being struck, and 10 were fatal. In 13 cases, the person either had a firearm or was attempting to gain possession of one. In six cases, the person fired at deputies. In 13 cases, the subject involved was a white male. One case involved an Hispanic male, and one case involved an unknown subject (the deputy did not have a clearly identified target and was firing in the general direction of a threat).
Several incidents involved a person under the influence of drugs or alcohol (9 cases) or experiencing a mental health crisis (3 cases), which PERF identified as evidence of opportunity for increased focus on crisis intervention and de-escalation:
“The finding that many of VCSO’s DIS cases involve subjects who are in crisis, presents a significant opportunity for the department. The potential for deadly force in these types of cases can be greatly reduced when deputies are trained in crisis intervention, when they engage in communication with the subject, and when they are taught to slow down and wait for additional resources. Even though the majority of DIS case files involved a subject armed with a firearm, PERF believes VCSO should invest in training to assist deputies when encountering a subject who is in mental health crisis or chemically impaired, but who does not pose an immediate threat.”
Other PERF recommendations included strengthening and expediting Internal Affairs investigations of deputy-involved shootings, and expanding the focus of those investigations to determine not only if any misconduct occurred, but whether there might have been a better way to respond to the incident. This was described as similar to the approach taken by the National Transportation Safety Board when it investigates a civil aviation accident. PERF noted “this type of review may sometimes reveal that a shooting incident might have been avoided with better policies or training. This outcome can benefit the deputies, the Sheriff’s Office, and the community as a whole. VCSO has implemented a Critical Incident Review Panel to address these recommendations.”
PERF additionally recommended publishing VCSO’s entire use-of-force policy on the agency’s website, along with an annual use-of-force report. These changes are underway, with updated policy documents to be made available online after they are finalized in coordination with the bargaining unit that represents VCSO deputies.
The $92,321 study was funded with money confiscated in criminal cases and approved by the Volusia County Council in May 2017.
***
May 4, 2017
SHERIFF CHITWOOD LAUNCHES USE OF FORCE STUDY
Volusia County Sheriff Mike Chitwood came into office in January promising a fresh approach and a fresh look at the inner workings of the Sheriff’s Office. And that review includes one of the most significant issues for any law enforcement agency: how its officers are trained and equipped to handle situations that involve the use of force -- sometimes deadly force.
On Thursday, an extensive, independent review of the Sheriff’s Office’s use of force procedures was green-lighted by the Volusia County Council. The study by the Washington, D.C.-based Police Executive Research Forum (PERF) was requested by Sheriff Chitwood to ensure that the Sheriff’s Office’s use of force procedures, tactics and training are in keeping with the best law enforcement standards and practices in the nation. With the $92,321 for the study coming from money confiscated in criminal cases, the County Council heartily endorsed the proposal. “I think it’s a very good, proactive approach,” said Council member Deb Denys. Added Council member Joyce Cusack: “I strongly support it.”
Under the contract approved Thursday, PERF will review the Sheriff’s Office’s use of force policies, procedures, tactics, techniques and training. As part of the review, PERF will take a look at all of the Sheriff’s Office’s deputy-involved shootings for the last three years. They also will review training that the agency provides deputies in crisis intervention and de-escalation strategies. The study, tentatively scheduled to be completed in February, will compare the Sheriff’s Office’s procedures with national standards and make recommendations for improvements if needed. PERF is a non-profit, police research and policy organization that provides technical assistance and consulting services to law enforcement agencies.
Sheriff Chitwood made it clear that PERF isn’t being brought in to scrutinize or second-guess deputies in the way they’ve handled prior incidents. And he also said the study shouldn’t be seen as an acknowledgment that anything’s wrong. But he said it’s always healthy to have outsiders review policies and procedures and look for ways to improve as an agency and stay ahead of national trends. According to language in the contract, the stated goal of the project is to ensure that the Sheriff’s Office’s use of force policies are aligned with progressive practices and national standards and are sufficient to provide deputies with a clear understanding of the rules, regulations and expectations related to the use of force. “It’s important that we make sure that our training, our tactics, our equipment and policies and procedures are up to national standards,” Sheriff Chitwood told the Council. “At the end of this study, I’m hopeful that what we put out is going to make our deputies safer and our community safer.”
Before voting Thursday, Council members allayed any concerns about the potential for the study to be used against the county if it recommends changes in Sheriff’s Office procedures. Those concerns were put to rest by County Attorney Dan Eckert, who said the legal system would look favorably upon any improvements in procedures or practices that might be implemented as a result of the study. And Sheriff Chitwood said the county is being progressive and proactive in embracing the study. “We support the Sheriff’s aim,” Eckert told Council members. “That you’ve done things one way doesn’t mean that you can’t do it better in the future. The law favors that approach,” said Eckert.
With their questions answered, Council members moved forward with a unanimous vote of approval. “I sincerely back the Sheriff’s Office and the things that you’re doing,” said Council member Heather Post. | https://www.volusiasheriff.org/news/police-executive-research-forum-issues-report-on-review-of-vcso-deputy-involved-shootings.stml |
Walmart Names Greg Foran President and CEO of Walmart U.S.
Today, Walmart announced that Greg Foran, 53, has been promoted to President and CEO of Walmart U.S. Foran succeeds Bill Simon who has been in the role since June 2010 and will be transitioning out of the company.
“It’s been an honor to work for Walmart over the past eight years, and this felt like the right time to move on and focus on my next opportunity. I look forward to helping the company as much as I can over the next six months.”
Foran will assume his responsibilities on August 9 and will report directly to Walmart President and CEO, Doug McMillon. Simon will be available on a consulting basis for the next six months to ensure a seamless transition.
“Greg is one of the most talented retailers I’ve ever met. His depth of knowledge and global experience will bring a fresh perspective to our business,” said McMillon. “His passion for fresh food, experience in general merchandise and commitment to e-commerce will help us serve our customers even more effectively for years to come.”
“During Bill’s eight years of service to Walmart, his passion for our mission, dedication to our associates and our customers, and innovative thinking pushed us forward,” said McMillon. “From the very beginning, his vision led us to lower the cost of health care through our $4 prescription offering. And, most recently, he put us on a path to future growth with small formats and efforts that integrate digital and physical retail.”
A 35-year retail veteran, Foran joined the company in October 2011 and became President and CEO of Walmart China in March 2012. While leading the business in China, the team made significant progress with its assortment, pricing, store operations and compliance as Foran led strategic investments in the supply chain and improved the store portfolio. He was promoted to President and CEO of Walmart Asia earlier this year.
Prior to Walmart, Foran held a number of roles with Woolworths, the leading retailer in Australia and New Zealand. He served as the managing director of supermarkets, liquor and petrol with responsibility for more than $40 billion in sales at that time. Under Foran’s leadership, the business grew sales and market share in a strong competitive market. Earlier in his career, Foran served as general manager of Big W, Woolworth’s industry leading discount store business and as general manager of Dick Smith Electronics.
“I’ve worked closely with Greg for the past few years and I’ve seen firsthand his passion for retail. I’m confident that Greg’s strong leadership skills and alignment with our culture will serve our customers and associates well,” McMillon said. “I’m excited about what he will bring to this important part of our business.”
“Being asked to lead the Walmart U.S. business is a privilege that I don’t take lightly,” said Foran. “I am excited to get started. The needs of our customers are changing dramatically and we have an enormous opportunity to serve them in new and different ways. We must be fierce advocates for our customers, work meticulously to exceed their expectations and earn their trust every day.”
During his tenure as President and CEO of Walmart U.S., Simon led a turnaround that reinvigorated the company’s focus on everyday low costs, everyday low prices and an increased product assortment. He also created more career opportunities for associates, launched a U.S. manufacturing revitalization and committed the company to hire more U.S. veterans. | https://www.hispanicprblog.com/walmart-names-greg-foran-president-and-ceo-of-walmart-u-s/ |
- Usually dispatched within 3 to 5 business days.
- About this book
-
Use Unity-based examples to understand fundamental mathematical concepts and see how they are applied when building modern video game functionality. You will gain the theoretical foundation you need, and you will know how to examine and modify an implementation.This book covers points in a 3D Cartesian coordinate system, and then discusses vectors and the details of dot and cross products. Basic mathematical foundations are illustrated through Unity-based example implementations. Also provided are examples showing how the concepts are applied when implementing video game functionality, such as collision support, motion simulations, autonomous behaviors, shadow approximations, and reflection off arbitrary walls.
Throughout this book, you learn and examine the concepts and their applications in a game engine.
What You Will Learn
- Understand the basic concepts of points and vectors and their applications in game development
- Apply mathematical concepts to modern video game functionality, such as spherical and box colliders
- Implement autonomous behaviors, including following way points, facing a target, chasing an object, etc.
Who This Book is ForBeginners, and those interested in the implementation of interactive games, who need a basic mathematical background or a refresher with modern examples
- About the authors
-
Kelvin Sung is a professor with the Computing and Software Systems division at the University of Washington Bothell (UWB). He received his PhD in Computer Science from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Kelvin’s background is in computer graphics, hardware, and machine architecture. He came to UWB from Alias|Wavefront (now part of Autodesk), where he played a key role in designing and implementing the Maya Renderer, an Academy Award-winning image generation system. At UWB, funded by Microsoft Research and the National Science Foundation, Kelvin’s work focuses on the intersection of video game mechanics, solutions to real-world problems, and mobile technologies. He has co-authored four books: one in computer graphics and the others in 2D game engines, including publishing with APress.
Gregory Smith is a graduate student in the Computer Science and Software Engineering degree program at the University of Washington Bothell. He received his undergraduate degree in Computer Science from Northwest Nazarene University in 2018. Greg is interested in machine learning, AI, and video game design. As his senior capstone project, he worked on the FireMAP project at Northwest Nazarene University where he applied machine learning algorithms to analyze drone images in order to map burned areas left by wildfires to achieve faster and safer recovery efforts. He was also a software engineer tester at a local company while pursuing his undergraduate degree. Currently, Greg is working on a project that focuses on allowing users of virtual and augmented realities to communicate and interact with each other within these mixed reality environments.
Buy this book
- eBook $24.99
-
price for USA (gross)
- ISBN 978-1-4842-5443-1
- Digitally watermarked, DRM-free
- Included format: PDF, EPUB
- ebooks can be used on all reading devices
- Immediate eBook download after purchase
- Softcover $34.99
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price for USA
- ISBN 978-1-4842-5442-4
- Free shipping for individuals worldwide
- Usually dispatched within 3 to 5 business days. | https://www.apress.com/us/book/9781484254424 |
posted by Sarah .
How do you convert 25.0 mg/mL to cc?
-
Chemistry -
Dr Russ
You can't without knowing the mass.
or do you mean
How do you convert 25.0 mg/mL to mg/cc?
-
Chemistry -
Sarah
the mass is 225 lb
-
Chemistry -
Dr Russ
OK so you need to convert the mass of 225 lb to mg.
if we take 1 lb =454 g, or the conversion factor is 454 g lb^-1
then 225 lb is
225 lb x 454 g lb^-1
which in mg is
M = 225 lb x 454 g lb^-1 x 1000 mg g^-1
volume = mass/density
volume = M/(25.0 mg/mL)
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math/ chemistryso I have this chemistry problem which involves math and basically I need to convert 62 g/mol into mol/L but I don't know how. like do you DIVIDE the g/mol by 1000 to convert g to L? | https://www.jiskha.com/display.cgi?id=1321884839 |
Our proposal for the research stream studio deals with the topic of renaturalisation and metabolism in intelligent cities of the future.
The aim of the proposal is to incorporate strategies in stages that affect the bioreceptivity of the urban fabric within the city of Newark.
The aim of the Bioreceptivity Information Model is to analyse and identify potential hotspots and trigger points for future interventions through an arbitrary algorithm calculated from a range of parameters.
The cl3ver presentation will attempt to show how this matrix was made, and how this analysis will affect the proposal strategies moving forward.
In order to ensure operability within the web, we need to make sure that the model does not exceed a certain number of faces or file size, or else it will become unmanagable and unworkable within the web platform
Planning of the presentation meant that it was easier to start to separate elements within the model into specific layers to export. Therefore, you can start to apply certain effects to specific channels and layers later in the web platform.
To retain the layering within the rhino file, it was recommended that we export the geometry into motionbuilder meshes. This would also maintain the textures applied within the 3dm.
Once all the geometry has been imported into the canvas, it is necessary to start to apply textures as part of the aesthetic development of the model.
For this exercise, the default materials have been applied to the model, with mild modification on the UV mapping of the geometry.
The next step is to start to incorporate lighting effects and shadows within the model, the shadows were rendered from the draft mode and overlayed on to the geometry as lightmaps.
Diffusion and colour of the light were also played with to provide a certain style to the presentation.
Once all the preconditions have been set up, a set of animations and panels were added to overlay certain perspectives and information onto the presentation.
This was done to highlight certain elements of the model, as well as isolating the different views of the model that would allow the viewer to make conclusions on the parameters used within the design process.
Design Associativity – Future Workflows – Interoperability_ BioIM is a project of IaaC, Institute for Advanced Architecture of Catalonia developed at Master in Advanced Architecture 1(MAA01) in (2015-16) by:
Students:
- Jonathan Irawan
Faculty: | https://www.iaacblog.com/programs/design-associativity-future-workflows_interoperability-bioim/ |
Maintain us like classic cars - periodic, preventative repairs to "consign ageing to history"
My third and final guest from the recent Longevity Leaders conference in London is a superstar of the longevity space. Biomedical gerontologist Aubrey de Grey is - by many a reckoning - a genius.
He likens human ageing to that of planes and automobiles. Our bodies, like the machines we've built, will last longer and still work well if we ensure we regularly maintain and repair them.
Aubrey is Chief Science Officer of the SENS Research Foundation he created in 2009, a non-profit dedicated to combating the ageing process. He's based in Mountain View, California - the home of SENS - and Cambridge, UK. The University of Cambridge is where he got his BA in computer science and PhD in biology.
Aubrey maintains we've been "culturally brainwashed" into a "collective trance" about ageing, viewing it as immutable and unavoidable, part of the natural or divine order that should not be perturbed. He's working towards the day when advances in biotech "consign ageing to history".
He believes his long-standing prediction that the first person to live 1,000 years is already among us will be seen as an understatement in future. We start there. | https://thebigmiddle.simplecast.com/episodes/94c8b8a6-6fbe281c |
Our Toddler Program helps teachers build relationships with children by showing how to create meaningful daily routines and experiences that respond to individual children’s strengths and interests.
This age group thrives on new experiences, and we fulfill this need by providing care, directions, and projects that will allow them to explore the world and their surroundings in a creative manner. We focus on body and mind development, fine motor skills, language skills, and hands-on learning.
We aim to work with each child as an individual and ensure that each day is a fun-filled adventure.
Preschool (3-4 year old)
Our Preschool Program
ENGAGING CHILDREN INTELLECTUALLY, PHYSICALLY, EMOTIONALLY AND SOCIALLY
Our Preschool Program sets the stage for children’s success in school and in life. Our teachers provide ongoing efforts to value children as individuals and embrace their unique contributions to the classroom community, which will inspire in them a love of learning. We believe that children learn best when they are actively involved with materials and peers. For this reason, we place special emphasis on setting up the proper learning environment, essential for building positive, meaningful relationships with children and their families. We all play together, cooperate, and share.
Children in this age group will focus on the following topics:
- Basic Reading Concepts – Alphabet, Phonetics, Family Words, Recognizing High Frequency Words, Simple Sentences etc.
- Math Concepts – Sorting, Matching, Measurements, Positional Words, Basic Addition/Subtraction etc.
- Monthly Science Experiments
- Computer Class – Age-Appropriate Interactive Software
Free Full Day Pre-K For All (UPK) Program (4-5 year old)
Pre-K For All (UPK) Program
We are pleased to announce that you can now reserve your spot in our Pre-K For All (UPK) Program for the 2017-2018 school year.
Eligibility: Children born in 2013 who live in New York City are eligible to participate in 6 hours and 20 minutes of free UPK programs that are offered by the New York City Department of Education starting September 2017.
Ivy Day School’s Pre-K For All (UPK) Program provides extended service (3:00P – 6:00P) in addition to the 6 hours and 20 minutes of free UPK program. Ivy Day School’s extended service program will focus on developing your child’s reading, writing, and math skills. Our program also offers a personalized curriculum that will successfully prepare your child for the Gifted and Talented (G&T) exam that is administered in NYC.
Private Pre-Kindergarten (4-5 year old)
ENSURING CHILDREN ARE PREPARED TO SUCCEED IN SCHOOL AND LIFE
Students enrolled in Ivy Day School’s Gifted and Talented Pre-Kindergarten Program are exposed to an advanced core curriculum that is above grade level. Upon graduation, our students are well prepared to excel in the upcoming school year. Each student is provided with a Kindergarten textbook that focuses on reading, writing, math, social studies, and science skills. Each week, students receive personal one-on-one tutoring sessions with the Pre-K teacher.
In addition, students enrolled will focus on the following topics:
- Level Reading / Group Reading / Sight Words
- Beginner’s Writing – Journal Writing
- Monthly Show-and-Tell Presentations
- Class Projects
- Interactive Science Lessons
- Advanced Math – Addition/Subtraction, Patterns/Sequencing, Shapes, Problem Solving etc.
- Computer Class – Age-Appropriate Interactive Software
Test prep activities are embedded into the curriculum to prepare our Pre-K students to take the exam for admission to Gifted and Talented (OLSAT & NNAT) public school kindergarten programs. We attempt to give our students an advantage through daily practice, exposure, and familiarity with test taking skills and formatting. | https://ivydayschool.com/curriculum/ |
2017: The year of the Retail Bankruptcy Crisis
The year that is about to end has been particularly highlighted by the ‘Retail Apocalypse’ that our country has been going through. With the increase in online purchases, virtual purchases are becoming the norm, and, with it, the reduction of personnel. Maybe it is not a temporary situation but this crisis will advance much more strongly during the next year because the way in which trade is being transformed in our country and the whole world is final.
Big brands such as The Limited, Wet Seal, and RadioShack have announced hundreds of closures in the face of the catastrophic Christmas campaign and the steady decline in sales. Closures that leave orphans hundreds of shopping centers that are articulated around their anchor’s stores for the ability to attract customers and condemn them to the disappearance.
The sector itself speaks of a bubble prick. The CEO of Urban Outfitters, Richard Hayne, one of the affected clothing brands, does not hide that during these years too many large surfaces were built, a bubble, just like in the house and has just burst, he said.
The US media has coined the term ‘Retail Apocalypse’ to explain the crisis in the retail sector that affects even luxury brands such as Ralph Lauren. E-commerce has revealed a deep structural problem of physical trade which is reflected in the sales pace of the leaders in each segment. The growth of sales of Amazon in the last six years multiplied by three to those of the Sears chain.
As for the latter, the fall of this important retailer really confirms the difficult moment that the American retail trade will live in the coming years. The happy history of Sears dates back to the late 1990s when this department store had managed to position itself as the largest retailer in the world with sales of close to 200 million dollars per quarter, even the retail giant had even given its name the highest skyscraper on the planet.
Read also: 5 bankrupt companies and the financial future for 2018, by Suzzanne Uhland
However, the reality is different nowadays. During the last six fiscal periods, Sears has accumulated losses of more than ten billion dollars, its shares have retreated ninety percent in five years, and its market capitalization has fallen below the 850 million. In addition, the Sears crisis is also reflected in the layoffs of nearly ten thousand employees, the sale of its brand of Craftsman tools for almost a billion dollars, and the closure of 150 branches of the Sears and K-mart brands in the world. These actions have been the floats of Sears, but the effort is still insufficient.
What began as a problem for electronics, music and books establishments has moved to textiles. Clothing stores have fallen under the pressure of large textile groups and new Internet competitors such as Warby Parker. Almost half of the shopping centers in the United States suffer from problems due both to the drop in the number of customers and the sales that can lead to a large part of these closing in the coming years. It is no surprise that this becomes an alarming situation with global repercussions since forty-five percent of shopping centers register weak sales and suffer a decline in the level of occupancy every month. Malls are getting empty and even closing around the country, and even abroad.
When it comes to the ‘Amazon problem,’ there are some things to say. The United States has too many stores, at a time when consumers are increasingly shopping online than in shopping centers. In addition, the ease that Amazon has to produce, distribute, and take advantage of electronic commerce to expand its markets, so got have a time-bomb here.
This phenomenon is not difficult to understand, really. The physical stores are in extinction all over the country because companies like Amazon or Alibaba (the kings of e-commerce) do things in a much more effective way. First, people spend more time on the Internet than in “real life” nowadays. The advertising that people see is personalized, depending on their searches and behavior online. These ads take users to sites like Amazon and show them what they want to buy (and the algorithms even seem to know people better than they know themselves.) Second, people do not have to drive anywhere. You need to buy a kitchen table, and all you have to do is taking your smartphone out of your pocket and check different catalogs. A consumer can investigate hours and hours to know exactly what he/she wants. Then he/she will purchase it after a couple of clicks, and the kitchen table will reach his/her home without moving a finger. It happens with books, clothes, food, movies, etc.; precisely, everything that you find in a mall. Additionally, consumers are more precise when buying. They no longer go to the mall to buy that little table with two seats, and, while doing so, buying an ice cream and some beautiful 75% off shoes. That does not happen in electronic commerce (or, at least, not in that way!)
Also, people do not want to consume things anymore. The new generations, a little more pessimistic about the future, prefer to pay for experiences. That is the question.
Maybe this is just the beginning of something bigger. | http://aboutsuzzanneuhland.com/2017-year-retail-bankruptcy-crisis/ |
Who We Are:
Moishe (pronounced moy-shuh) House is what being Jewish in your 20s is all about. Launched in 2006 when four friends began hosting Shabbat dinners in their home, Moishe House provides a space for over 70,000 young adults around the world to create meaningful, welcoming Jewish communities for themselves and their peers each year. To date, there are more than 150 communities in over 30 countries, and we’re still growing!
Moishe House is seeking a detail oriented team player to join our Base team as a Senior Administrative Assistant (30 hours per week). Base empowers the best rabbinic leadership to build a new type of pluralistic rabbinate. From within their home, Base Rabbis and their Partners work together to cultivate an authentic familial experience for young Jews seeking a meaningful outlet for learning and community. Base rabbis, like the populations they aim to serve, come from diverse backgrounds, and are committed to fostering relationships with young adults that add meaning, purpose, and joy to their lives through hospitality, learning and service. This role will primarily provide day-to-day administrative, programming, and logistics support to our Base Program Director and the Base department, along with support for Base National events and the local Base team. This position reports to the Base Program Director.
All voices are needed at Moishe House. Every new member of the Moishe House team is an opportunity for us to introduce fresh perspectives, talent, and skills into our workforce and our communities. People who identify as Black, Indigenous, and People Of Color (BIPOC) and historically marginalized groups, including, People with Disabilities, People from the LGBTQ+ communities are all encouraged to apply for our open positions!
We seek employees from diverse backgrounds, faiths, and life experiences to join our team located in the United States, South America, Europe, and the former Soviet Union. Our vision, in part, is for a fair and equitable workplace, where diversity is celebrated and can truly flourish. We recognize we have a ways to go and a lot to learn. Please access our Identity Statements for more information on our organizational beliefs.
Who You Are and What You’ll Do:
*You believe in our mission, and are truly a team player, always glad to provide support in areas and projects as needed
*You are highly organized and have advanced skills in spreadsheets, databases, MS Office, Google
*You have a strong interest in supporting innovative approaches to building Jewish community and tracking demographic trends in the Jewish community
*You’ll play a key role in supporting our Base Department, including:
-Providing logistical support for Base National events, including Summit, fundraising events, field building virtual and in-person gatherings, and logistical support for rabbinic recruitment
-Serving as the Base main point of contact for the Moishe House marketing team for Base National marketing needs, and providing marketing, graphic design and social media management for each local Base
-Providing hosting and programmatic logistical support for local teams, such as ordering catering, form creation, and booking event space
-Serving as the Base liaison with Development Operations and Finance teams regarding donation processing, donor recognition, and grant reporting needs
-Managing discrete projects
*You have an Associate’s Degree or two additional years of full-time relevant experience as a substitute for the degree. Bachelor’s degree preferred.
*You have a minimum of 3 years’ full-time professional experience in an administrative or similar role
*You have proven ability to multitask and monitor several projects at all times, to work well under pressure, and to manage time effectively
*You have experience effectively collaborating and working independently and self-sufficiently with a team spread across multiple geographic areas
*You have intermediate-level or higher proficiency with Microsoft Office and other office management tools
*You are a highly skilled communicator (written and verbal), and a natural project manager and organizer, preparing agendas, ensuring metrics are recorded accurately and on time, and preparing documents and presentations
*You have the ability to anticipate opportunities and challenges, adapt approaches as necessary, and successfully navigate shifting priorities while reallocating time and resources as necessary.
*You have experience in event management, managing budgets, and tracking relational engagement in a CRM (preferred)
*You embrace and consistently demonstrate the Moishe Mindset: Be the Difference, Connect & Listen, Invest Wisely, Embrace the Unknown, Own It!, Value People, and Work Well, Live Well, and Have Fun!
*You have eligibility to work in the United States without employer sponsorship. | https://gatherdc.org/classifieds/show-ad/542376/sr-administrative-assistant-base/jobs-board/ |
Transformation, restructuring and change
Management has the formal power to conduct transformation and change projects. But the real power lies in the hand of …the employees. We transfer expertise and tools to help you engage the entire workforce in any change project.
Engaging Workforce
- Assess current perceptions and internal state of people engagement in order to efficiently manage the people component during the change process.
- Develop communication content and tools to inform employees and stakeholders addressing resistance to change.
- Transfer of expertise and tools to management and middle management to help them communicate and steer the changes in their teams on a daily basis.
Restructuring &Transformation
- Develop an effective road map for the announcement of the restructuring or transformation, one or multiple sites in Belgium and all other European countries.
- Content: draft communication to works council, employees, authorities, business relations, media, customers, suppliers including Q&A’s, talking points.
- People management and communication training for executive team and middle management to manage uncertainty at the team level during and after consultation period.
In-house resource
- Temporary in house experts to help conduct transformations and restructurings for companies with less restructuring experience or lacking appropriate local resources in Belgium or Europe.
- Our expert has been in the driving seat of mergers, closures, restructurings, transfer of undertakings nationally and internationally.
- Including site and multi-site legal process and content management, severance packages and union negotiations. | https://squarecircle.be/transformation-restructuring-and-change/ |
This organisation wanted to see whether they could recruit new donors cost-effectively in countries where they don’t currently fundraise.
What we delivered
- Strategy and creative
- Set up and management of Facebook audiences and adverts
- Monitoring of results, optimisation and scaling
The results
We recruited donors from new countries through Facebook at a 2:1 ROI over two key fundraising moments, in two languages.
More case studies
Winterisation campaign
UNRWA
We helped develop an online-only winterisation campaign for UNRWA.
Choose Humanity campaign
International Rescue Committee
We helped develop a lead generation campaign for the International Rescue Committee.
Earth Hour campaign
World Wildlife Fund
We helped develop and deliver a lead generation campaign around Earth Hour 2016 for WWF. | https://thinkds.org/case-studies/new-market-digital-test/ |
Q:
How does one design a traffic analysis resistant protocol?
I'm curios about protocols which leak considerable personal information, like instant messaging exposing the contacts relation. How does one make an instant messaging protocol which is resistant to traffic analysis?
I'm interested most specifically in server side attacks on users' contacts/friends lists. In particular, the messaging system's servers are considered compromised, or even outright hostile. I'm curious about the server aspect because Tor and I2P offer traffic analysis protection at the network level.
I could imagine an anonymous open mailbox like protocol. A public key's hash identifies a public mailbox that's used for hello messages. A hello message contains a seed for selecting a series of subsequent mailboxes that actually get used for communications.
You probably don't want attackers identifying the public mailboxes used for hello messages though. You could perhaps scale the mailbox range with the user base to ensure that all mailboxes saw non-zero traffic while avoiding asking every participant to attempt to decrypt all messages as public key hello message. Or maybe implement "please reuse" queue for mailboxes.
Is there any standard crypto literature on designing traffic analysis resistant protocols?
A:
The obvious way to thwart traffic analysis is to send fixed-size messages at a fixed rate, whether there's any actual information to transmit or not.
I've heard it claimed that such protocols have been used in the past for diplomatic communications: a fixed-length packet of encrypted data would be sent say, once a day to an embassy in a foreign country, and the embassy would reply with another fixed-length encrypted packet.
Of course, such protocols are on one hand wasteful of bandwidth, and on the other constrain the peak bandwidth of the encrypted channel, which is why they're not more often deployed in practice.
To apply this principle to an instant messaging protocol, let's assume that we have a trusted central server acting as a message relay. Each user of the messaging service establishes a separate encrypted connection to the server. (We can use existing off-the-shelf protocols like SSL/TLS for that.) Over these encrypted connections, the clients send messages to the server, which relays them to other clients. (Again, we can use a standard instant messaging protocol like IRC or XMPP for the client–server interaction.)
The only unusual thing we'll do is throttle the communications between the clients and the server so that each client sends the server a single block of $n_c$ bytes at time intervals of $t_c$, and the server sends a block of $n_s$ bytes to each client at time intervals of $t_s$. These blocks might combine multiple messages, and a single message might be split over multiple blocks; also, if there isn't enough data to fill a block, it's padded with dummy data which is ignored by the receiver.
(Note that the blocks need not map to single packets in the underlying transport protocol; it's enough that each block is fully assembled before it's passed to the transport layer, so that one cannot tell how many messages a block might contain by timing the transmission layer. In many cases, this could be easily achieved by inserting an extra "chunking" layer between the messaging protocol and the encryption layer, without either having to be aware of the chunking.)
The parameters $n_c$, $n_s$, $t_c$ and $t_s$ should be chosen to match the needs of the messaging protocol. For simple text-based instant messaging, $t_c$ and $t_s$ might be from 0.1 to 0.5 seconds, and $n_c$ and $n_s$ might range from, say, 64 to 256 bytes. (Even lower bandwidth might be usable if the messaging protocol was optimized for it.) Voice messaging is likely to need somewhat more bandwidth, depending on the audio quality desired.
The reason for using a central server is that, in a typical conversation, only one participant (or at most a few) is likely to be talking at any given time; thus, the peak bandwidth requirements for the clients will probably be more or less independent of the number of participants, whereas in a naive distributed protocol they'd scale linearly with it. (This could be avoided by using more advanced messaging protocols, but that would complicate the example.) Of course, the server would still require bandwidth proportional to the number of clients, but that's generally the case with centralized instant messaging protocols anyway, and it could be mitigated by connecting multiple servers in a network (with fixed-bandwidth links, of course!).
| |
Definition of psychological science
What is the best definition of psychological science?
Psychological science is the use of the scientific method to create, test and improve hypotheses concerning behavior and the factors and processes underlying behavior.
What is psychology science definition?
psychology, scientific discipline that studies mental states and processes and behaviour in humans and other animals.
What is an example of psychological science?
For example, a study in Psychological Science demonstrates that people under stress tend to eat high-calorie foods. Individuals who think in a “live for today” mindset ate 40 percent more calories than the control group. This showcases how much our mental state can affect healthy eating habits.
What is the difference between psychology and psychological sciences?
Psychology and psychological science are disciplines in which there are varying education requirements and career opportunities. Psychological science focuses more on clinical application and statistics, while psychology may be more general.
Why is psychological science important?
Psychological science helps educators understand how children think, process and remember — helping to design effective teaching methods. Psychological science contributes to justice by helping the courts understand the minds of criminals, evidence and the limits of certain types of evidence or testimony.
Why is psychology a science explain?
Psychology is a science because it takes the scientific approach to understanding human behavior. Pseudoscience refers to beliefs and activities that are claimed to be scientific but lack one or more of the three features of science.
What kind of science is psychology?
social science
Psychology is commonly recognized as a social science, and is included on the National Science Foundation’s roster of recognized STEM disciplines.
Is psychological science a good major?
If you are interested in the human mind and behavior and want to use science to solve problems, a degree in psychology is a good option. It can open the door to more education and many career opportunities.
Whats the difference between a Bachelor of psychology and a Bachelor of psychological science?
Although the specifics of coursework can vary by institution, the primary difference between a BA and a BS in Psychology is that a BA degree typically includes more liberal arts courses, while a BS degree tends to have greater math and science requirements.
What is a psychologist simple definition?
Definition of psychologist
: a person who specializes in the study of mind and behavior or in the treatment of mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders : a specialist in psychology.
How is psychology a science quizlet?
Psychology is considered a science because it uses a systematic method of learning about behavior and cognitive processes. That is, its results are reproducible, its theories are falsifiable, its failures are studied closely, it discards or revises theories, and it attempts to develop solutions to problems.
Is psychology a life science?
No, Psychology is not included in life sciences course.
When did psychology become a science?
1879
Psychology Emerges as a Separate Discipline
He later opened the world’s first psychology lab in 1879 at the University of Leipzig. This event is generally considered the official start of psychology as a separate and distinct scientific discipline.
What is the root word for psychology?
The word ‘psychology’ is derived from two Greek words, ‘psyche’, meaning the mind, soul or spirit and ‘logos’, meaning discourse or to. study. These words combined produce the ‘Study of the mind’.
How did psychology develop as science?
Psychology came into being as a scientific discipline by the establishment of first Institute of Psychology in 1879 at Leipzig in Germany by Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920). It is here the first professional psychologists acquired the skills of experimental work to study the mind.
What is Psychological Science quizlet?
psychological science. the study, through research, of mind, brain, and behavior.
Who is father of psychology?
Wilhelm Wundt
The Father of Modern Psychology
Wilhelm Wundt is the man most commonly identified as the father of psychology. 1 Why Wundt? Other people such as Hermann von Helmholtz, Gustav Fechner, and Ernst Weber were involved in early scientific psychology research, so why are they not credited as the father of psychology?
Who started psychology?
Though Sigmund Freud is certainly one of the most famous psychologists in history, it is actually Wilhelm Wundt who is considered the “father of psychology.” Wundt established the very first psychology laboratory in Leipzig, Austria, and it is because of him that psychology became accepted as a scientific discipline. | https://virtualpsychcentre.com/definition-of-psychological-science/ |
In New York, there are strict limitations on the availability of therapist records in a Title IX action. The courts in that state typically point to the Mental Hygiene Law when ruling that any communication between an accuser and their therapist is confidential and not available to the other party. However, a New York magistrate now seeks to open up records of conversations between a student and their school-employed therapist.
The magistrate in a Title IX lawsuit has ruled that conversations between a Syracuse University Student and a therapist provided by the school should be available to the plaintiff. The issue arises from the dual roles the therapist fills for the school.
The employee is not strictly a mental health counselor, instead serving a combination of roles for the school's Sexual Relationship Violence Response Team, or SRVRT. While working for the SRVRT, this employer fills the role of confidential mental health counselor as well as an advisor on the procedural aspects of filing a Title IX claim. While the therapist-patient relationship is confidential, any discussions of a procedural nature with an advisor may not be.
The Risk of Disclosure
According to counsel for the plaintiff, Syracuse is to blame for the potential need to disclose these records. The attorney points to the school's combination of the therapeutic role of a counselor with the procedural duties of advisor as the reason the disclosure of these records is necessary. It is the plaintiff's contention that the process followed by the school that ultimately led to his expulsion from Syracuse. It is the plaintiff's contention that the therapist might have pushed the accuser to file a Title IX complaint with the school despite withdrawing the criminal complaint she had previously filed.
The plaintiff argued – and the magistrate agreed – that the interests of justice in the plaintiff's Title IX lawsuit outweigh the need for confidentiality in this case. Unsurprisingly, the school disagrees, citing the risk of a chilling effect on disclosures if these records become available.
New York's Mental Hygiene Law
The New York Mental Hygiene Law contains strong language aimed at protecting these sensitive records. According to the statute:
Information about patients or clients reported … at office facilities shall not be a public record and shall not be released by the offices or its facilities to any person or agency outside of the offices.
That said, there is an important exception within the statute that allows for these disclosures if the court finds the interest of justice outweighs the need for confidentiality.
The Potential for Setting Precedent
As this case is currently heard by a New York magistrate, the decision will not create any precedent directly. However, this result could lead to a dramatic change in how these records are dealt without throughout New York if other courts follow suit.
If you are facing campus discipline, you are entitled to a vigorous legal defense. Do not leave your academic future to chance. Contact national Title IX attorney Joseph D. Lento for help at 888-535-3686. | https://www.studentdisciplinedefense.com/are-confidential-student-therapist-records-available-as-evidence-in-new-york-title-ix-lawsuits |
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Turkey
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Merkez Efendi Camii (Variant)
Sah Sultan Mosque outside Yenikapi (Variant)
Sahsultan Mosque (Variant)
Date
c. 1552
Style period
Ottoman
Address
outside Yenikapi, Istanbul, Istanbul Province
Associated names
Mimar Sinan (architect/planner) (ca. 1490-1588 July 17/895-996 Sha`ban 17 AH)
Istanbul (place) (1453 C.E./857 A.H. [Conquered by Mehmed II])
Sah Sultan (client)
Building type
religious
Building usage
mosque
Associated collections
Mimar Sinan
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41.0158, 28.920214
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2005
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Merkez Efendi Mosque
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Arben N. Arapi (draftsman)
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Drawings of Islamic Monuments
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architectural drawings
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Gülru Necipoglu
Source
Necipoglu, Gülru.
The Age of Sinan: Architectural Culture in the Ottoman Empire
. London: Reaktion Books, 2005.
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Merkez Efendi Mosque
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This site is adjusted only for landscape mode. Please rotate your device for properly using Archnet.org
We are sorry, we are still working on adjusting Archnet.org for Metro IE. Please use another browser for the best experience with our site. | https://archnet.org/sites/2770/media_contents/49284 |
Our mission is to connect every device.
How we plan changing the world:
We believe the world is a better place if we can get machines to communicate to each other. The fact that equipment in your office/factory/store doesn’t talk to your ERP, scheduling systems, and database systems creates waste, unnecessary work, and extra cost.
We started connecting embedded devices before IoT was a ‘thing’. Since 2001, we’ve connected over 250,000 things of all sorts of shapes and sizes. We are continuously focused on connecting smaller devices, faster communications, and systems integration. Our customers will tell you our people are extraordinary and our technology exceptional.
We work hard to drive our customers’ success. | http://esprida.com/company/ |
Here is an overview of what happens during your first appointment.
INTAKE INFORMATION
Our new patients are asked to fill out a few short forms that provide background information about his or her symptoms and condition.
These forms can also be downloaded below.
Just download, print and fill out forms beforehand. Patients are asked to provide information on family medical history, any pre-existing medical conditions or prior injuries, and previous and current health providers and treatments.
EXAM & TREATMENT
The exam and treatment are individualized based on the patient’s history and physical presentation. Diagnostic studies may be helpful in revealing pathologies and identifying structural abnormalities to more accurately diagnose a condition. If necessary, the patient will be referred to an outside imaging center which will consult our office with their findings. | http://tragerhealing.com/your-first-visit/ |
How much is known of the Carthaginian language, which as I understand it is called Punic and descended from Phoenician? Google searches show some sketches of alphabet characters and such, but do we know enough to be able to learn it as a viable language today, the way we can with Latin? Are there many samples and fragments available for study? If not, is there a specific reason why the language of such a powerful empire has been lost (e.g. did the Romans try to purge it or something), or was it just the ravages of time?
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2Could you clarify the time frame: are you talking about Punic language circa Pinic Wars and before, or Punic language of Carthage as a major city during late Roman Empire? The latter language was influenced by vulgar Latin and some records have survived I believe; I don't know anything about the former one. – Michael Dec 5 '13 at 18:35
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I'd be curious to learn more about both, as well as how they differ from one another, but I am most interested in the language of the Carthaginians when they were at the height of their independent power, up to the time of the Punic Wars. – Nerrolken Dec 5 '13 at 19:13
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1@AlexanderWinn Have you checked out this book? I haven't read it myself, but it seems oft-cited. – called2voyage Jan 16 '14 at 16:47
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Why is this not answered by wikipedia? or google – Mark C. Wallace♦ Nov 28 '16 at 14:26
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@MarkC.Wallace Those sources do seem to predate this question. – called2voyage Nov 28 '16 at 19:18
Some Late Punic texts (ca. 200-400 CE) were written in Latin letters, and so fully vocalized. The best treatment of these is R. M. Kerr, Latino-Punic Epigraphy. FAT ser. 2: 42. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2010. Punic certainly had vowels; the writing system didn't fully represent them (because the syllable structure of all Semitic languages makes it easy to know them without writing them).
The reason we can't speak Phoenician today as we can with Latin is that Phoenician original writing has no vowels, so we know many of the words but have no idea how the Carthaginians would have pronounced them.
Also the reason why little of the Carthaginian writing is left today is because it wasn't rewritten. Most of the Latin writings we have stem from manuscripts that where copied during Charlemagne's reign, but in the middle ages no one (to my knowledge) was interested enough to copy the Phoenician scripts. (probably because they couldn't read them: even knowledge of Greek was nearly non-existant). Most of those who did survive only did so because they had been translated to Latin in the classical era.
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6Although we don't know the vowels it's perfectly possible to make educated guesses for this based on other semitic languages. And educated guessing is what we do for other languages like Latin as well. We don't know exactly how romans pronounced things, just how they spelled them. – Lennart Regebro Jan 8 '14 at 9:10
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1@LennartRegebro You're right of course, but it's one of the things that make it harder to reconstruct Phoenician. Btw i heard one of the leading experts on Phoenician language was unwilling to speculate about the possible vowels they might have used, i can't find a source though. – Jeroen K Jan 8 '14 at 13:01
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2While this answer quite well about why only little is known, it would be better to also try to answer the core question, i.e. what is known. – o0'. Jan 8 '14 at 13:58
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@Lohoris i'm afraid i don't know enough to do that. – Jeroen K Jan 8 '14 at 16:26
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4Phoenician of course had vowels; you can't pronounce a word without one. However, it is a common feature of Semitic languages (of which Phoenician is one) that vowels are regular and predictable. Thus it isn't nearly as important for a Semitic writing system to represent vowels as it is for other languages, and so many Semitic languages didn't bother. These demi-alphabets are called Abjads – T.E.D.♦ Jan 11 '14 at 2:52
Actually, from the little I've seen, Punic (the Canaanite-Phoenician language of ancient Carthage and other phoenician settlements around the Mediterranean) is a lot like Hebrew, and many of its letters are recognizable from Paleo-Hebrew forms that are stilled used by the few hundred Samaritans of today.
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Which you would expect considering that Hebrew is a Canaanite language, as is Phoenician/Punic. Linguistically they are cousins in the Semitic family of languages. – Semaphore♦ May 10 '15 at 13:21
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3How does this answer the question? It's a bit too sparse to be a complete answer. You could improve it by both citing sources and then applying what you do know to the question as asked. – KorvinStarmast Nov 28 '16 at 15:26
Canaanite/Phoenician is very closely related to Hebrew. Not as in "cousins". More as in dialects of the same language. With some effort and a bit of guidance, a modern Hebrew speaker could read the ancient Canaanite texts and understand. When read out with the Hebrew vowels it is almost fully intelligable. I have not seen any Carthaginian texts so I cannot comment specifically. I imagine the vowels would have been roughly the same. | https://history.stackexchange.com/questions/10932/how-much-is-known-about-the-punic-language-of-classical-carthage |
The subject of procurement is an upgrade and the establishment of additional functionality backup location, in order to ensure business continuity officers working in a virtual environment (part of virtual workstations) in the event of termination of the central location and communication for the purpose of improving and upgrading replication for critical business applications and data, allowing to allow for the assumption of return business-critical applications and data, and accelerate the process of return and the availability of data.
Upgrade backup site includes the establishment of the infrastructure required to ensure business continuity of critical business applications with parts virtualized servers central location, as well as the application served on the Power Infrastructure central location.
To this end, we plan to purchase computer equipment for the purpose of upgrading and central backup location to achieve high availability including SAN switches, network switches, servers, SVC licensed software, a device for relieving the load and other necessary upgrades listed in the Bill of Quantities in Annex no. First the tender documents.
For all the new equipment, and during project implementation, it is necessary to ensure the delivery of equipment, installation, integration into the existing system of the client, testing and commissioning of operational work. Other works include ensuring full functionality of DR site with critical services for the operation of the Customs Administration, in accordance with the technical specifications set out in Annex no. 2. Documentation for the tender.
A detailed description of the object of procurement is defined in Appendix. 2nd - Technical specification of procurement, and the amount of procurement is defined in Appendix. 1st - Bill, which are an integral part of the Tender documentation. | https://oppex.com/environment/hr |
Described by author Ian Rankin as a ‘Trip Advisor on wheels’, Euan’s Guide was founded in 2013 by Euan MacDonald, a power chair user who has Motor Neurone Disease, and his sister Kiki MacDonald, when they were looking for recommendations for accessible places to visit.The website features thousands of friendly and honest disabled-access reviews and listings in the UK and internationally. It aims to be an alternative to the hours spent making telephone calls and searching for access information online before deciding to visit somewhere new.
"I’ve been to conferences and staff have turned and walked away as they are unsure what to do, what to say or how to engage."
While many venues, like the EICC, have undertaken regular accessibility audits, there are still many that Paul believes are lacking when it comes to providing facilities for disabled visitors. “I can think of occasions where I’ve been to conferences and staff have turned and walked away as they are unsure what to do, what to say or how to engage. The inclusion part is how people feel about being in the space and what people do in the space. That’s what inclusion means.
“Never underestimate the power of face-to-face interaction. While good communication can build the foundations of a good experience, it is the friendly face at the door, greeting the guest that will transform an experience.”
1. Catering to all
Inclusivity doesn’t end here though; it’s crucial to provide support and communication throughout the entire event. Buffet lunches, for instance, need to be thought through. “I recently attended one with no tables for me to put my food on,” says Paul. “Things like that are easily overlooked, and even when tables are provided for that purpose they don’t always feature signage to that end, and so people will sit at the tables. Make sure you get ahead: provide additional tables or amenities with recognised signage to help people with disabilities.”
The buffet format has other challenges. One of Paul’s colleagues, Ian, is visually impaired. “Ian’s great challenge is that when a buffet is put out he has no idea what’s in front of him, even with labelling. The way to deal with that is to have catering staff actively engage with delegates and offer help when it’s needed.”
2. Managing mobility
Conferences are increasingly moving away from the traditional lecture format. While this brings opportunities for delegates, it also brings issues for people with disabilities.
“I’ve been to a conference where the first half of the day was spent in a beautiful auditorium,” says Paul. “Later in the afternoon, the conference went into breakout mode and everyone suddenly disappeared to different places. I was left trying to figure out where I was supposed to go. Even when I got there, the tables were so close together that I couldn’t get in without moving chairs, but I couldn’t do that either and so I was stuck.”
Paul’s advice when it comes to managing mobility again comes down to communication, specifically around navigation, signage and orientation.
3. In case of emergency
Of course, emergency evacuations are something that should be meticulously planned for, and hopefully rarely required. As part of this, event venues and organisers need to communicate with all delegates regarding evacuation, especially those with disabilities.
“It’s not fair on the venue or host if you happen to be disabled to turn up without verbalising that you will need help,” says Paul. “However, it’s important for the host to provide ample opportunity for the individual to identify themselves. This can be in promotional material before the event or through adequate signage on the day.”
Paul believes it’s also essential to encourage staff to ask questions if they have queries. “I stayed in a hotel in London and the welcome was brilliant,” says Paul. “Before we went up to the room, a member of staff asked if we could take a minute to go over the evacuation plan. We ran through scenarios, and it gave me the confidence to sleep easy. That’s inclusivity.”
The onus is on venues and organisers to work together to ensure that all delegates are briefed on evacuation plans. In fact, Paul wants to see evacuation plans being included as part of conference introductions.
4. Communication for all disabilities
Euan’s Guide considers ‘pan-impairment’, with reviews coming in from people with all kinds of disabilities.
Well-lit spaces that are easy to navigate largely score well. Hearing impairment, too, needs to be considered – perhaps by the use of screens and messaging. “I’m always encouraged when conferences put the programme on a screen for people to read. That’s a case of the organiser and the venue thinking about their delegates in advance. Autism is an increasingly important consideration when it comes to conferencing, involving visual and audio elements of the environment.
Regardless of disability, communication is fundamental. “Accessibility is all about investing in people, giving them the confidence and awareness they need to work such events,” says Paul.
While supporting disabled delegates may seem like an obvious consideration, it’s often an overlooked aspect of event management. Venues and event organisers need to ensure that every delegate is cared for.
“For disabled participants – be they delegates, speakers or invited guests – the journey doesn’t start when they enter the door,” says Paul “It begins with communication. Never be afraid to ask questions and remember to be mindful about every visitors’ experience.”
Accessibility at the EICC
In August 2018, the EICC won Best Venue at the Euan’s Guide awards for the best examples of disabled access at Edinburgh Festivals.
Paul Ralph commented of the win: “With a venue that has potential to be challenging for disabled people by virtue of its scale and complexity, the actual experience of visiting is the opposite. The clear signage, the sense of direction and the spacious routes and rooms make visiting a pleasure. The warm welcome of the staff and the ‘can do’ approach contributes much toward ensuring all visitors have a great experience. The recognition goes beyond that in that thought has evidently been given to the access requirements of all visitors.”
Suffice it to say, as a modern, purpose-built and fully accessible events venue, we never regard accessibility as an afterthought. Here’s an overview of our key accessibility features, resources and initiatives, to give you peace of mind that, together, we’ll make sure your event leaves nobody out.
Staff Training
We recently undertook company-wide disability awareness training to increase our understanding of and confidence in dealing with the practical assistance required by delegates and visitors with disabilities.
Navigation
An effective front of house service, as well as prominent signage and lighting, ensure smooth navigation of our venue. Despite our building’s scale, it is both highly functional and welcoming – and our helpful team of staff is always on hand to assist with navigational and accessibility needs.
Lifts
All areas of our venue can be reached by lift. All lifts have spoken message indicating which floor the lift is on and whether the doors are opening or closing, and all are fitted with grab bars for delegates with impaired mobility.
Toilet Facilities
On each floor of our venue there are adapted toilets with grab rails, emergency buttons and lowered mirrors and fittings.
Induction Loop
We’ve installed an Induction Loop in our Pentland Auditorium, for visitors with hearing impairment.
Wheelchair Spaces
We can make adjustments to our facilities where required for disabled visitors, such as providing wheelchair ramps. We also have dedicated wheelchair spaces in our Sidlaw, Fintry and Pentland Auditoria.
Sign Langauge
The EICC has good links with the Scottish Association of Sign Language Interpreters and can provide interpreters for all conferences at a reasonable fee.
Visual Impairments
Conference information can be produced in braille or tape formats for delegates with visual impairment, and assistance dogs are welcome.
Autism Aware
We understand that some for people with autism, attending an event can be a daunting experience. Our aim is to be a leading international venue that is accessible to visitors with autism. Working with The National Autistic Society, the EICC team has been equalities trained and is committed to following the company’s ethos of being inclusive to all EICC visitors. We’ve even put together an Autism Friendly Event Organisers Guide and an Autism Friendly Visitors Guide, should you wish to share it with your delegates.
Keep Safe
We are proud to be a Keep Safe premise, meaning that we will provide help, if required, to vulnerable people when they are out in the community. Find out more about the Keep Safe initiative.
If you’d like to find out more about accessibility at the EICC and how we can work with you to make your event as accessible as possible, don’t hesitate to get in touch with us.
Everyone's Edinburgh
The Edinburgh Tourism Action Group has created a guide called Everyone's Edinburgh, which provides information and tips on how to make your business more inclusive. The Everyone's Edinburgh guide can be downloaded here.
For more information on accessibility at the EICC, see our Disability Access page. If you have any specific questions that aren't covered on our website, please feel free to contact us. | https://www.eicc.co.uk/ideas-hub/accessible-conferencing/ |
Background:
To date, most health-related time-use research has investigated behaviors in isolation; more recently, however, researchers have begun to conceptualize behaviors in the form of multidimensional patterns or clusters.
Methods:
The study employed 2 techniques: radar graphs and centroid vector length, angles and distance to quantify pairwise time-use cluster similarities among adolescents living in Australia (N = 1853) and in New Zealand (N = 679).
Results:
Based on radar graph shape, 2 pairs of clusters were similar for both boys and girls. Using vector angles (VA), vector length (VL) and centroid distances (CD), 1 pair for each sex was considered most similar (boys: VA = 63°, VL = 44 and 50 units, and CD = 48 units; girls: VA = 23°, VL = 65 and 85 units, and CD = 36 units). Both methods employed to determine similarity had strengths and weaknesses. Conclusions: The description and quantification of cluster similarity is an important step in the research process. An ability to track and compare clusters may provide greater understanding of complex multidimensional relationships, and in relation to health behavior clusters, present opportunities to monitor and to intervene. | https://journals.humankinetics.com/search?q=%22vector%20length%22 |
Santa Clara, Calif., December 9, 2020 – Achronix Semiconductor Corporation, a leader in FPGA-based data accelerator devices and high-performance eFPGA IP, is pleased to announce the appointment of industry veteran, Mark Voll, to the position of chief financial officer effective November 30, 2020. Voll brings over 30 years of experience in CFO positions at multiple publicly traded technology companies. Among other accomplishments, Voll led the Aquantia initial public offering in 2017 and then later managed the sale of Aquantia to Marvell Semiconductor in 2019.
In 2013, Voll led Montage Technology’s initial public offering and then later managed the sale of the company in 2015. Prior to Montage Technology, Voll led the initial public offering of Techwell, Inc. in 2006 and later managed the sale of Techwell to Intersil in 2010.
“We are extremely pleased to have Mark join our team,” said Robert Blake, Achronix CEO. “We are excited about our strong and unique position in the high-end FPGA market, driven by our innovative Speedster®7t products and Speedcore™ eFPGA IP. Mark’s extensive experience will help us scale our organization and navigate through this period of growth.”
Forward-Looking Statements
Certain statements in this press release including, but not limited to, statements regarding Achronix’s strong and unique position in the high-end FPGA market or its ability to scale are forward-looking statements that are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause results to be materially different than expectations. Forward-looking statements represent our beliefs and assumptions only as of the date of this press release. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially include, but are not limited to: global economic conditions which may affect customer demand; pricing pressures; international trade disputes and sanctions; reliance on third parties to manufacture products; the impact of technological development and competition; development of new products and technologies or enhancements to existing product and technologies; market acceptance of products; design, manufacturing or defects; changes in consumer preferences or demands; and changes in industry standards.
In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted the overall economy and, as a result of the foregoing, may negatively impact our operating results for future periods. These forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and speak only as of the date hereof, and, except as required by law, Achronix disclaims any obligation to update these forward-looking statements to reflect future events or circumstances. | https://www.achronix.com/press-releases/achronix-announces-appointment-mark-voll-new-chief-financial-officer |
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We are looking for a versatile and dynamic product designer to help develop next generation medical devices for a company in Royston. You will make an impact by taking a leading role in the design of a broad range of innovative solutions for clients' products that are safe and easy to use.
You will need the drive to succeed, champion the product design, develop new skills and take increasing responsibility.
Requirements
* Relevant product design experience in a high technology industry
* A portfolio showing the significant impact you have made on the development of new products from concept to production
* A strong academic background in Industrial / Product Design or a related discipline
The following would be highly beneficial: | https://polytec.co.uk/jobs/32377/product-designer.html |
The present international order is characterized by the rapid globalization of economic activity, by systematic attempts to coordinate state responses to the outbreaks of violence and by unilateral military interventions against sovereign states either by the USA or by one of its regional allies. This collection explores the changes that the current international order has brought to the theory and practice of recognition of secessionist claims and to the conditions for secessionist mobilization. The volume examines how independence movements achieve legitimacy amongst both their target populations and outside states, and how the forces of increasing economic globalization and political interdependence impact on secessionist mobilization. It addresses how the outside states recognize the independence of new states and whether the claims to independent statehood can be justified within normative theories of secession and international law. These issues are explored both through comparative analysis within legal, international relations and political science frameworks and through an examination of several recent attempts at secession.
Table of Contents
Contents: Introduction, Aleksandar Pavkovic; Secession: a word in search of a meaning, Peter Radan; Neo-liberal globalisation, nationalism, and changed 'conditions of possibility' for secessionist mobilisation, Lloyd Cox; Secession and state recognition in international relations and law, Mikulas Fabry; New norms, old boundaries: the African Union's approach to secession and state sovereignty, Kathryn Sturman; The way opened, the way blocked: assessing the contrasting fates of Chechnya and Kosovo, James Headley; Secessionist legitimacy: a comparative analysis, Damien Kingsbury; Self-determination and secession: a moral theory perspective, Aris Gounaris; Consensual secession in Montenegro - towards good practice?, Miodrag Jovanovic; Consensual secession of Montenegro - towards good practice? The collective moral agency of secessionist groups, Constantinos Laoutides; The first secessionists, Tom Hillard; Index.
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Author(s)
Biography
Associate Professor Aleksandar Pavkovic and Peter Radan are both based at Macquarie University, Australia. | https://www.routledge.com/On-the-Way-to-Statehood-Secession-and-Globalization/Radan-Pavkovic/p/book/9781138260016 |
Capacity Building for Results “CBR” Project, started since January 2012, aims to support the government’s effort to improve the capacity and performance of core line ministries responsible for national priority programs. The CBR project’s development objective is to assist the government in improving the capacity and performance of select line ministries in carrying out their mandates and delivering services to the Afghan people. This will be achieved through the implementation of specific capacity and institution building programs, which include systematic monitoring of and reporting on results.
Capacity Building for Results (CBR) Project Support Unit of the Ministry of Finance would like to recruit a qualified Urban Upgrading Consultant for Ministry of Urban Development Affairs to work at the Urban Upgrading Director in MuDA with the following duties and responsibilities
Job Summary
Under the instruction of Urban Upgrading Director, The Urban Upgrading Consultant will be responsible for the development of a legitimate mechanism to review and identify the problem of unplanned areas and provide reasonable solutions, develop appropriate procedures in accordance with the available approved laws and regulations of the media and other legal papers.
Job Details
|Date Posted:||19 Nov 2016||Reference:||CBR -95-084|
|Closing Date:||03 Dec 2016||Work Type:||Full Time|
|Number of Vacancies:||1||Gender:||Any|
|Functional Area:||Consulting||Open Ended:||NO|
|Nationality:||Afghan||Salary Range:||As per company salary scale|
|Contract Type:||Consultant||Years of Experience:||7 Year(s)|
|Contract Duration:||1 Year(s) & 0 Month(s)||Extension Possibility:||Yes|
|Probation Period:||3 Months|
Duties and Responsibilities
The individual would be responsible for the following activities:
• Supporting & Assisting the director in preparation of the working plans in accordance with the directorate of upgrading of unplanned areas in accordance with the applicable laws, regulations and strategies of the Ministry of Urban Development affairs specific goals and objectives
• Providing fundamental advice in relation to developing programs for major national programs for urban planning in major cities of the country
• Providing assistance and advice in relation to development, working plans for the directorate of upgrading the unplanned areas in accordance with the plan, strategic goals and policies of the Ministry of Urban Development
• Providing assistance and advice to the director to reflect the problems and challenges of this directorate
• Providing assistance and advice to the relevant director in the area of business process simplification related to this directorate
• Revision of working programs and taking care of drawbacks in these programs
• Assisting the director of Upgrading in leading and monitoring the development and implementation of annual work plans and ensuring coordination and alignment of the directorate programs with the objectives of MUDA.
• Capacity development of employees in various working areas.
Deliverables:
• Identifying realistic strategic objectives for the directorate of upgrading
• Developing policy and procedure on how to deal with the unplanned areas
• Developing the capacity of civil servant employees of the department
Qualifications
The advisor for settlement directorate would have the following:
• Bachelor and/or Master degree in civil engineering, architecture urban planning and urban management.
• 5 years of experience in urban management and urban planning
• Familiarity with one of the national languages and an excellent command of the English language is necessary
• Experience in the usage of computers and office software packages (MS Word, Excel, etc.).
• Acting as a team player and facilitated the team work
• Expertise in providing constructive feedback time to time on the overall performance of the directorate
Job Location
Afghanistan - Kabul
Education:
Bachelors Degree, Architecture
Submission Guideline
Interested candidates should submit their applications by email or in writing (marked confidential and clearly indicating on the sealed envelope the vacancy announcement number) to:
CBR PROJECT SUPPORT UNIT (PSU), Budget Department, Ministry of Finance, Pashtoonistan Watt, Kabul, Afghanistan.
Attn: HR Unit – MoF PSU
Email address:
Please note that applications received after the closing date will not be considered. Only shortlisted candidates will be contacted. | http://www.jobs.af/afghanistan/48772/urban-upgrading-consultant-national |
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Issued in public interest by HDFC Life. HDFC Life Insurance Company Limited (Formerly HDFC Standard Life Insurance Company Limited) (“HDFC Life”). CIN: L65110MH2000PLC128245, IRDAI Reg. No. 101 . The name/letters "HDFC" in the name/logo of the company belongs to Housing Development Finance Corporation Limited ("HDFC Limited") and is used by HDFC Life under an agreement entered into with HDFC Limited. ARN EU/04/19/13618
Sabarimala Not a Place for Activism, Kerala Govt Will Not Back Publicity Mongers, Says Minister
Dismissing reports that police would provide security to women activists who attempt to enter the Lord Ayyappa shrine, he said there were 'some confusion' over the latest Supreme Court order and women desirous of visiting Sabarimala should get a 'court order'.
Thiruvananthapuram: Sabarimala is not a place for activism and the LDF government would not support those who make announcements about entering the hill shrine for the sake of publicity, Kerala Devaswom Minister Kadakampally Surendran said on Friday.
Dismissing reports that police would provide security to women activists who attempt to enter the Lord Ayyappa shrine, he said there were "some confusion" over the latest Supreme Court order and women desirous of visiting Sabarimala should get a "court order".
Surendran was replying to questions from reporters here in the backdrop of Thursday's apex court decision to set up a larger bench to re-examine religious issues including those arising out of its earlier verdict that lifted a centuries-old ban on women in menstrual age visiting the Sabarimala shrine.
"Sabarimala is not a place for activists to show their activism. There are some people who call press meet and declare they will enter the shrine. They are doing it just for publicity. Government will not support such trends," the Minister said.
When asked about certain activists who said they will visit the shrine as there was no stay on the September 28, 2018 order of the Supreme Court allowing women of all age group to enter the shrine, the minister said, "they can approach the apex court, procure an order and come".
"Some confusions are still there in the order. The government will consult the legal experts," he said.
Incidentally, Justice R F Nariman, who had penned a dissent order on behalf of himself and Justice DY Chandrachud in the judgement, on Friday said the government must read the "extremely important dissent" verdict in the 3:2 majority verdict.
"Please tell your government to read the dissent judgment delivered in the Sabaimala case yesterday, which is extremely important.... Inform your authority and the
government to read it," the Judge told Solicitor General Tushar Mehta in the court.
A five-judge bench headed by Chief Justice Ranjan Gogoi has said a larger bench will re-examine various religious issues, including the entry of women into the Sabarimala temple and mosques and the practice of female genital mutilation in the Dawoodi Bohra community.
By a 3:2 verdict, it decided to keep pending the pleas seeking a review of its decision regarding the entry of women into the shrine, and said restrictions on women in religious places was not restricted to Sabarimala alone and was prevalent in other religions as well.
Around 65 petitions, including 56 review petitions and four fresh petitions, had been moved in the apex court against its last year verdict.
Chief Minister Pinarayi Vijayan had on Thursday said the Left front government would consult legal experts to get more clarity on the apex court verdict.
He also said the government was always ready to implement the court order, whatsoever it may be.
Reacting to the verdict, Bindhu, who along with Kanakadurga had trekked the holy hills and offered prayers at the shrine, scripting history on January 2, said the positive aspect of the apex court's latest order was that it had not stayed the September 28 verdict.
"The Sangh Parivar which welcomed the Ayodhya verdict is bound to accept the SC verdict in this case also. The government and the police are also bound to help and protect those who want to visit the shrine," she had told reporters.
Kanakadurga has said should would like to go to Sabarimala again if there was no stay on the earlier order.
The famous temple will open on November 16 a day ahead of the commencement of the annual two-month-long pilgrimage season. | |
Pharmacology: Pharmacodynamics: The mechanism of ursodeoxycholic acid is anticholelithic action is not completely understood, it is known that when administered orally ursodeoxycholic acid is concentrated in bile and decreases biliary cholesterol saturation by inhibiting its intestinal absorption. The reduced cholesterol saturation permits the gradual solubilization of cholesterol from gallstones, resulting in their eventual dissolution.
Ursodeoxycholic acid increases bile flow. In chronic cholestatic liver disease, ursodeoxycholic acid appears to reduce the detergent properties of the bile salts, thus reducing their cytotoxicity. Also, ursodeoxycholic acid may protect liver cells from the damaging activity of toxic bile acids (e.g., lithocholate, deoxycholate, and chenodeoxycholate), which increase in concentration in patients with chronic liver disease.
Pharmacokinetics: Ursodeoxycholic acid is absorbed from the small bowel (about 90% of dose).
Ursodeoxycholic acid is extensively bound to plasma proteins.
Hepatic (first-pass hepatic clearance). Exogenous ursodeoxycholic acid is metabolized in the liver to its taurine and glycine conjugates. The resulting conjugates are secreted into bile.
Time to peak concentration is 1 to 3 hour.
The half life of administered ursodeoxycholic acid is 3.5-5.8 days.
The excretion of ursodeoxycholic acid is primarily fecal; very small amounts are excreted into urine. Small amount of unabsorbed ursodeoxycholic acid passes into the colon where it undergoes bacterial degradation (7-dehydroxylation); resulting lithocholic acid is partly absorbed from the colon but is sulfated in the liver and rapidly eliminated in the feces as the sulfolithocholyl glycine or sulfolithocholyl taurine conjugate. | https://www.mims.com/myanmar/drug/info/ursomax/mechanism-of-action |
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- Time of issue:2020-01-03 10:31
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(Summary description)
Applications of cooling coils in an industrial cooling system
(Summary description)
- Categories:Company News
- Author:
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- Time of issue:2020-01-03 10:31
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Within the industrial cooling systems, the cooling coils are a component formed by tubes of different materials through which a fluid passes, while these have an external contact with the air or a gas, which allows an exchange of heat.
The fluid that passes through the cooling coils can be composed of water or some refrigerant.
In a cooling system designed for comfort, the cooling coils are components that serve to cool or warm air.
Similarly, the cooling coils are used for the dehumidification of the environment and are part of the equipment whose function is to keep the control of the relative humidity of a cold room or any process that requires specific humidity conditions.
To be more efficient, the cooling coils require flaps that can be of different designs, which fulfill the function of trapping the heat and improving the heat exchange between the fluid that is inside the coil and the ambient air.
The flaps increase the heat exchange surface, and these can also be made of different materials.
The cooling coils separation determines the temperature levels that we want to achieve for the product conservation. The lower the number of cooling coils per inch, the lower the temperature.
Negative temperatures (-) well below the freezing point of water (0 °C) use a greater separation between the cooling coils. Approximately 4 per inch.
On the other hand, temperatures close to 0 °C use less separation. Approximately 6 per inch.
Cooling coils could be used for plants that use hot gas turbine and to eliminate this gas. The installation of the cooling coil equipment could take advantage of the heat emitted for other processes that require this heat for water or other applications.
Most used materials in industrial refrigeration coils
The most commonly used materials for cooling coils and covering flaps in the industrial refrigeration industry are the following:
Copper tubes and aluminum flaps, the most common in refrigeration.
Stainless steel tubes and aluminum flaps.
Galvanized steel tubes and flaps.
Copper tubes and flaps.
Tubes of copper-nickel, which is a non-ferrous heavy metal, and titanium flaps that support the contact with salt water are used for applications requiring high resistance to corrosion, as is the case of the petrochemical industry.
Industries with greater cooling-coil integration in cooling projects
Many industries require the use of cooling coils as essential components for cooling systems:
In the hotel industry, for comfort use such as air conditioning or dehumidification processes. In a hotel you can apply up to 600 of these components between the air conditioning of the rooms or the chillers.
In the healthcare sector for comfort, but also in processes where it is necessary to maintain control of humidity levels due to hygiene issues.
In the education sector for comfort of classrooms, laboratories or auditoriums.
In the public sector for government offices.
In the petrochemical industry where materials such as titanium are used for its manufacture.
For the use of chillers in cooling systems.
Etcetera.
These components have a widespread use in the industry and are fundamental for almost all sectors that require cooling in their processes. From an air conditioning equipment to petrochemicals in environments where they require high impact substances, such as sulfuric acid.
Cooling coils in their exterior applications are sensitive to damage from the environment, so proper cleaning and maintenance is essential for the appropriate functioning of the equipment. | https://www.coldroomfactory.com/news/11.html |
The construction of the Chinese-funded Belt and Road initiative in Pakistan has caused much disagreement in Pakistan. With a rising anti-China sentiment amidst the growing tide of populism across the country, Sahima Gupta (LSE) and Anant Venkatesh (LSE) argue that the Pakistani government must pander to such sentiments while simultaneously balancing its commitment to China as a valuable investor.
China became a generous investor in the Pakistan economy after the global financial crisis of 2007-08, which rendered the nations of Europe unable and unwilling to invest in the developmental programmes of other nations of the global south. China’s controversial One Belt One Road (OBOR) policy, announced in 2013, has undertaken infrastructural development in 152 nations and the creation of the 21st Century Maritime and Land Silk routes that shall facilitate global trade for generations to come. Chinese investment in Asia amounted to a mere $45 billion in 2004, as compared to its $613 billion investments in 2016. Chinese investments and loans cost the country receiving such capital 30 per cent less than the market price and the construction of the ports, roads or railways in less than three years. The only other alternative investor for Pakistan on such a scale has been the United States, whose terms of investment have appeared to be less attractive to most developing nations, and therefore ultimately only offering a fraction of Chinese investment.
Neo-colonialism and China’s Belt and Road
The OBOR policy has been criticized as a form of neo-colonialism by many, including Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohammad. The policy involves the Chinese granting loans at reasonable interest rates to rejuvenate an economy. Such investment is tied to the Chinese-funded construction of the roads, railways, ports and other assets that are a part of the global trade network the super power envisions as a part of the modern-day silk route.
These interest rates, however, increase over time with the construction of Chinese assets on a nation’s territory, thereby making it economically unviable in the long run. In several impoverished nations, due to the vast amounts of capital pumped into the economy, high levels of inflation, combined with severe unemployment (as the Chinese construction companies prefer the usage of imported Chinese labour, instead of a reliance on local populations), have characterised such investments. A possible eventuality in the aftermath of such alterations in the economy is the nation’s trade deficit with China, and subsequently China’s profits increasing at an exponential rate, and the country in receipt of such investments, being forced into indebtedness. As a result, the country is forced to sell the newly constructed asset in its entirety to China, as a penalty for defaulting and also accepting an increased influx of cheaper Chinese goods into their markets. This occurred in Zambia, in 2018, when it lost the Kenneth Kaunda International Airport to China, and in Sri Lanka, which saw the leasing of the Hambantota port to China for a period of 99 years; much to the alarm of its neighbour India. Kenya, at the brink of insolvency, risks losing the Mombasa port in a similar fashion to China.
Many heads of state have dubbed the OBOR policy as a major instrument of China advocating an opportunistic and expansionist policy by gradually destroying one’s indigenous industries and by occupying large tracts of land. The usage of the term “neo-colonialism” is aimed at reminding one of similar methods employed by European powers in making inroads into the global south in the 17th and 18th Centuries and eventual subjugation of the economies of the colonized nations to their European masters.
Consequently, a pattern of opposition to such a genre of Chinese intervention has been forming across the globe which has occupied a key issue in elections and has led to several regimes being voted out for their advocacy of such trans-national partnerships. Significant victories of candidates pitching an anti-China policy and capitalizing on the notion that the pro-China regimes in power may overextend themselves have been witnessed in Maldives (whose debts to China totalled $1.2 billion), in Brazil under Bolsonaro, in Malaysia under Mohammad and in Sri Lanka deposing Rajapaksa. In addition to the countries mentioned above, the failure of the OBOR policy was seen in Venezuela and Europe. Myanmar called for the immediate cessation of the construction of a port, while the Chinese embassy in Karachi, Pakistan witnessed a bomb attack by militants opposing Chinese expansion on Pakistani soil.
CPEC in Pakistan
In 2015, both China and Pakistan signed agreements to set in motion the ambitious China- Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). The project was launched with the understanding that it will be a “game changer” for Pakistan’s economic crisis. It involves the construction of various infrastructural projects such as transportation networks, energy projects and special economic zones.
While the project might be bringing in the much needed infrastructural development in Pakistan, it is doing it at an unsustainable cost, taking a huge toll on its economy. The provision of aid from China’s side is a clear façade as only Chinese enterprises will be reaping the actual profits. Pakistan is a poor country and will not be able to return such a heavy debt. For example, upgrading the railway line from Karachi to Peshawar was initially costed at $8.2 billion. However, according to recent reports the cost has increased to $9 billion, making it one of the most expensive CPEC infrastructural projects. In fact, the current debt, which needs to be repaid to the Chinese government, stands at $15 billion, not including $6.7 billion in Chinese commercial debt.
Alice Wells, the US South Asia Assistant Secretary has said, “It’s clear or needs to be clear that the CPEC is not about aid. This is almost always the form of loans or other forms of financing, often non-concessional with sovereign guarantees or guaranteed profits for Chinese state-owned enterprises that are repatriated to China.”
The CPEC also had a goal of enhancing regional cooperation. However, five years since its initial launch, the reality is completely different. A large part of this failure could be attributed to Pakistan’s current actions: the country needs to drastically improve relationships with its neighbours; solving territorial and cross-border conflicts. Without first achieving this, regional cooperation is extremely difficult.
Rise of anti-China sentiment and Islamism in Pakistan
China is perceived by most Pakistanis as an atheistic, communist hegemon impinging upon their sovereignty and religiosity. The potency of nationalism has been underestimated by the regimes in power which have preferred close co-operation with China in order to fulfil either vested interests or lease out the country’s resources in order to gain some apparent benefit in the future. Despite most in the nation not being acquainted with the intricate details of the infrastructure development projects and the conditionality of Chinese aid, the influx of Chinese capital, labour and services at the clear expense of Pakistani interests and welfare has led to a boomerang effect. Far from drawing the two nations closer at the grassroot level, the sentiment towards China is highly antagonistic and has led to a reinforcement of Islamic identity as a unifying factor in expressing discontent at one’s sovereignty being interfered with.
In popular political rhetoric in Pakistan, China is being compared to the British East India company and the OBOR initiative is seen as nostalgic when considering the country’s colonial past. Responsible for terror attacks against the Chinese involving grenade attacks, kidnappings and shooting are Islamist organizations, such as the East Turkestan Independence Movement and Al Qaeda. Islamic seminaries in Karachi served as the sources for discontented youth indulging in attacks on official embassy buildings and officials working therein. The situation has been exacerbated by Chinese labourers being imported into Pakistan to work on the OBOR projects, much to the chagrin of the unemployed Pakistani working-class youth. There has been a significant lull in the frequency of the attacks since the election of Imran Khan as Prime Minister, who has acknowledged the perils of increased cooperation with the Chinese.
But, although Khan’s government has expressed reluctance towards pursuing the project, the real reason for aversion has been rooted in his criticism of the erstwhile Sharif government’s corruption and fraud involving OBOR; an aspect he does not wish to replicate and draw flak. However, considering the Pakistani military’s dominance and great sway in administrative matters since its inception in 1947, will the government be able to resist the army’s affinity towards China and co-operation against the common regional rival of India? With the Washington Consensus failing and no other regional alternative sources of financial support available to a declining economy, the Pakistani government must play its cards carefully and walk the diplomatic tightrope between the pitfalls of accepting Chinese aid or opening a dialogue of rapprochement with India.
This article gives the views of the author, and not the position of the South Asia @ LSE blog, nor of the London School of Economics. Image: Asphalt Construction Road. Credit: Sumanamul15, Pixabay. | https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/southasia/2020/02/04/populism-islam-and-development-why-pakistans-relationship-with-chinese-investment-is-nothing-but-simple/ |
Galicia is identified by its rainy landscapes characteristic of the European Atlantic seaboard, although it has a much more varied climate. The Serra da Enciña da Lastra is a clear example. As the name suggests, the dominant vegetation is oak, accompanied by olive, chestnut and strawberry trees. Impressive crags provide home to very special flora and fauna.
The Sil river enters Galicia by breaking through limestone mountains that give rise to spectacular rock formations with large rocky cliffs. The distinctly Mediterranean climate makes the vegetation of this environment more like southern landscapes with oak, olive and strawberry trees as protagonists, in addition to scrub such as rockrose and plants such as thyme and lavender that perfume the air with an unmistakable scent. Small villages surrounded by crops and chestnut groves complete the picture.
The vegetation is particularly unique because in these rare environments grow several endemic plants, while the fauna is not far behind, since there are rare species in the Iberian northwest typical of Mediterranean climates or cliff environments. As such, the Serra da Enciña da Lastra is categorised as a natural park.
The route starts in the vicinity of the village of Covas (1, 2, 3) where peregrine falcon, egyptian vulture, golden eagle, booted eagle, black kite and a host of small birds can be seen.
In the vicinity of Biobra (4), pay attention to eurasian wryneck and common redstart in the chestnut groves.
Between the villages of O Real and O Robledo da Lastra make a stop near the Galir river (5), where the golden oriole can be easily seen.
In the surroundings of Oulego (6) look out for many species of passerines such as the common nightingale.
Retrace your steps and head to Penedos de Oulego (7) where peregrine falcons, griffon vultures and northern goshawks can be spotted.
At km 441 of the N 120 road head towards Vilardesilva. Pay attention to the right since (1) the cliffs often have alpine swifts. Different species of warbler, such as the subalpine warbler, and european bee-eater can also be seen.
The scrubland in the area around Vilardesilva is also conducive to seeing subalpine warbler.
After passing Vilardesilva (2) there is a small viewing (3) area with spectacular views. It is worth a stop for a while to see short-toed snake eagle and european honey buzzard.
In Pardollán (4) small passerines such as the eurasian bullfinch can be seen.
In the vicinity of the village of Covas (1) such interesting species as common redstart, spotted flycatcher and garden warbler can be seen.
The train stop (2) provides a good view of the reservoir, where it is possible to see great crested grebes. In spring pay attention to groups of house martins and swallows since there may be a red-rumped swallow amongst them.
Black kites can be seen almost constantly in the surroundings, but also pay attention to other raptors such as the booted eagle.
Going up Pereda stream (3), listen to the rocks, where the blue rock thrush can be heard singing.
In the upper part of the route (4) there is a good view of most of the crags and, with some luck, egyptian vulture and golden eagle can be seen.
In the village of Biobra (1) there are passerines such as house martins, swallows and nightingales.
The route runs through open chestnut (2) groves which are perfect for watching eurasian wryneck, common redstart and woodchat shrike.
Pay attention to the summit line of the mountains (3), where various raptors often fly overhead.
One of the biggest attractions of this range is the presence of cliff birds (birds common to rocky terrain, particularly cliffs), with raptors being the most notable examples. The egyptian vulture, peregrine falcon and golden eagle nest here. Also characteristic of rocky environments are red-billed choughs, alpine swifts and blue rock thrushes.
The forests provide the territory for raptors such as the booted eagle and short-toed snake eagle, together with species such as the eurasian wryneck and common redstart. Notable in the scrub is the choir as warblers such as the subalpine warbler while the air is filled with the song of bee-eaters and nightingales and in the swamp great crested grebes and red-rumped swallows display their choreographies.
The Serra da Enciña da Lastra is a natural park. Respect its rules at all times. Remember that there are sensitive areas where passage is not allowed.
If the day is sunny, the heat can be intense. Bring water and sunscreen.
Drive carefully in the area, the N-120 road has heavy traffic. | https://www.turismo.gal/que-facer/birding-in-galicia/a-montana/serra-da-encina-da-lastra?langId=en_US |
Memory Loss And Stress
One of the effects of the modern lifestyles is the growth of stress and stressful situations. It is no news to connect stress with bad effects for the mental health and happiness. But other cognitive areas may be affected and reduced as a consequence of stress, thus reducing the ability of the people to fully use their capacities.
Memory is one of the most important cognitive abilities. It is what allows each person to really exist, to have a history. But also, it is the ability that allows to use any past learning in the present day. Memory is used every day, and although it may seem that the new technologies reduce the need for the human memory, in reality the need for it is increasing as the quantity of information each person needs to process each day is also increasing.
Memory, most importantly, the memory loss, is one of the many negative effects of stress. We forget things easily when in stressful situations, or when suffering from prolonged stress, which erases part of our lives.
This theory has been previously tested on mice, proving that the brain cells inside the hippocampus responsible for learning and memory react in a different frequency when at stress and not at stress. In the experiment, the mice were supposed to swim and find a sub-surface platform, remember its location, and find it again. This was quite an easy task for them, however after hearing a series of stressful sounds, the mice had a hard time remembering it. The research found that stress lowers the ability to connect the brain cells responsible to form memories. The effect of this goes beyond remembering things, it affects other functions requiring memory, such as decision-making.
So, what’s the point in all this? Should we avoid stress? Of course we should, but eliminating stress from our lives isn’t an easy deal if we want to live in society, or in the cities. It is in fact a trade-off with which most people live. So the point is not how to totally avoid stress, but rather how to manage and reduce it. Stress reduction isn’t just important for your mental health, it is instrumental for the maintenance of your cognitive abilities, today and in the future. | http://scienceblog.cognifit.com/2011/08/memory-loss-and-stress.html |
Fri Jan 30, 2015
Morning! Hope everyone tried some of the release techniques I posted yesterday. I promise self myo-fascial release works…you just have to be consistent with it. In a lot of instances a person does not realize that have tightness in a certain area. For example, your hip could be hurting. It’s fine to roll the hip, but rolling the foot, calf, I T Band or hamstring could bring greater relief. Remember, our muscles should be working in better unison.
For today a few more body parts to work on.
QUADS
Using Trigger Point Quadballer or A FOAM ROLLER
1. Place the Quadballler just above your knee. 2. Lie down and prop yourself up on your forearms. Roll the Quadballer up and down your quad, stopping on any trigger points. Gently rock side-to-side. 3. In addition to rocking side-to-side on hot spots, bend your leg back at your knee. Hold for a few seconds. 4. Straighten your leg. Hold. Alternate bending and straightening your leg on your hot spots on your quad.
1. Start with foam roller near your knee on the inside of your thigh. 2. Roll up towards your groin, stopping on any trigger points. 3. With the foam roller, you can go higher up your adductor than you can with a Quadballer. Repeat on other leg.
br />
IT Band
This is my favorite trigger point release exercise. If you run a lot, chances are you’ve experienced “runner’s knee.” Runner’s knee is caused by a tightening in your Iliotibial band, or IT band. The IT band is a thick band of fascia running on the side of your leg from your knee to your pelvis. Massaging your IT band can help loosen up tightness and prevent future injuries. Take it easy when you’re first starting out rolling your IT band. It’s going to hurt.
1. We’re going to roll the foam roller up and down the side of our leg starting at the top of the hip and down to just above the knee. 2. Lean back on your arm and bend your non-treated leg for added support. Roll up and down IT band, stopping on any hot spots. 3. If you really want to dig into those trigger points, lift both legs off the ground. Grimace. 4. In addition to applying steady pressure on hot spots, rock side-to-side on them. Repeat on other leg.
There ya go. Foam rolling is uncomfortable but so worth it. Being able to treat yourself with these techniques will help keep you running, biking, playing tennis or whatever activity you do longer. Start rolling!. Also, if you do see a massage therapist it helps there work last long. | https://steveygaddis.com/2015/01/30/more-myo-fascial-release-techniques/ |
Is Traveling Helpful or Harmful? What’s The Best Way to Be a Good Traveler?
Jan Fran
Australians and New Zealanders are great travelers. We take on the world and we have a great time doing it. We also tend to bring a good vibe and leave a good vibe wherever we go… at least that’s what we think.
But are we actually the good travellers we think we are?
It’s worth asking ourselves that question and looking into whether the impacts we have on the places and people we visit are helpful or not.
When we visit new and untouched places, what do we leave behind? Is it a great interaction and a stronger local economy, or inflated prices and a destroyed environment?
Maybe it’s all of the above. The question is, how do we get the most out of our adventures while protecting the places we love visiting?
With a boom in global tourism and untouched places being opened up by social media, it’s time to look at what we do well and where we can improve. Then show the world how to travel better as they start to come to our untouched places in ever greater numbers.
To find out how we can be more mindful travelers and have deeper, more authentic adventures I went overseas with Kathmandu to hear firsthand from the locals what’s happening in our travel hotspots and how we can do better.
Helpful or harmful?
Here’s some of the best advice we collected from experts, locals, and guides in making the documentary series so you can be a more helpful traveler the next time you head abroad. | https://thegreenhubonline.com/2019/05/22/is-travelling-helpful-or-harmful-whats-the-best-way-to-be-good-traveller/ |
The invention discloses a design method for the mix proportion of a construction waste asphalt mixture with high brick-concrete content, which comprises the following steps: analyzing the basic performance of construction waste recycled aggregates from different sources, and calculating the brick-concrete content of the construction waste recycled aggregates; the basic performance and the brick-concrete content are selected as characteristic characterization indexes of the construction waste recycled aggregate; designing by taking the brick-concrete content as a variable, and correcting the initial gradation of the construction waste recycled aggregate asphalt mixture by adopting a full-sieve-pore gradation correction method; determining the optimal asphalt amount of the construction waste recycled aggregate asphalt mixture according to the synthetic gross volume relative density and the synthetic apparent relative density; and under the optimal asphalt dosage, combining with the modified grading of the construction waste recycled aggregate asphalt mixture, manufacturing a test piece, and carrying out a pavement performance test. The method disclosed by the invention has very important significance in improving the utilization efficiency of the construction waste recycled aggregate with high brick-concrete content in road engineering construction and scientifically estimating the fatigue life of the asphalt pavement. | |
The African-American Studies Program maintains that the experience and contributions of African Americans are central to American culture as a whole. Interdisciplinary in focus, this concentration explores the diverse experiences of African-American people from the period of European contact with North America and the beginnings of the Atlantic slave trade to the contemporary moment through the study of history; art, literature, music, and other forms of cultural production; philosophy and religion; and public policy. In particular, the concentration provides students with opportunities to interrogate how ideas of racial identity and difference have been constructed and articulated in U.S. culture, what impact those ideas have had, and the diverse ways in which African Americans have endeavored to achieve greater rights and representation.
This is an interdisciplinary concentration, affiliated with several academic departments. Through the study of African-American experiences in their diverse manifestations, students will develop the knowledge, skills, and perspective through which they can meaningfully engage contemporary questions of diversity, inclusion, and social justice.
The concentration consists of four courses from at least three programs. Additional course information is available in the W&J College Catalog. | https://www.washjeff.edu/programs/african-american-studies/ |
|Price||:
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|Size||:29 cm|
|Year||:2010|
|Format||:Hardbound|
|Description||:Vol. I: xxxii+334 p., Vol. II: xxxii+332 p.; col. & b/w photos, maps & figs., Appendix, Glossary, Bibliography, Index (Exclusively on Art Paper)|
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About the Book
The book is exclusively based on “Indo-Islamic” period in India with special reference to the history, art, architecture, fine art and cultural heritage of Islamic world. This is a stimulating and perceptive survey of oriental civilizations and traces their evolution from the earliest period of Islamic era to the dawn of modern age. The history and traditional values of Islam and Islamic art and architecture of other regions of the world are also been pointed out and provides a guiding thread among the various styles and periods about the Islamic cultural heritage. The book is mainly based on Islamic art and architecture comprising with nine chapters, such as Indo-Islamic Architecture, Islamic Architecture of the World, World Heritage Monuments and Sites, Manuscript and Painting, Islamic Coinage, Arms and Armours, Art of Calligraphy, Decorative Art, and Eras. Such issues have been discussed in detail with documentary proves and sufficient information. The traditions of five major strands comprising Arab, Iranian, Turkish, central Asian and Indian with reference to their art and architecture have been described which ultimately named as “Islamic Civilization”. | https://www.sharadabooks.com/index.php?route=product/product&product_id=38 |
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
This application is based on and claims priority from Korean Patent Application No. 10-2021-0049082, filed on Apr. 15, 2021, in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference.
BACKGROUND
1. Field
2. Description of the Related Art
The present disclosure relate to a solenoid valve, and more particularly, to a solenoid valve including an explosion-proof structure.
A solenoid valve generates a magnetic field by flow of an electric current through a coil wound in a cylindrical form, and thus, a fluid flow is controlled by the magnetic field moving a mover. Currently, most electromagnetic valves are solenoid valves, and a fluid flow is controlled by controlling a magnetic field through remote control. Solenoid valves are used in various fields such as hydraulic or pneumatic equipment, mechanical equipment, vehicles, electrical equipment, chemistry, and medicine.
Solenoid valves are also used as gas feeding valves in large-capacity engines for ships. By on/off control of the solenoid valves, gas fuel is fed into a cylinder and explosion is induced to obtain an output. A gas is supplied to engines for ships at a very large gas flow rate, and thus, the performance and safety of solenoid valves used therein are strictly regulated.
Accordingly, gas feeding valves with a classification certification were applicable to large-capacity engines for ships until 2016, however, from January 2017, only gas feeding valves with a certification for use in Zone 0 of hazardous places, received from the International Electrotechnical Commission System for Certification to Standards Relating to Equipment for Use in Explosive Atmospheres (IECEx) for use in Zone 0 of hazardous places are applicable to large-capacity engines for ships.
That is, in order to install a gas feeding valve in a place (Zone 0) where a hazardous atmosphere exists continuously or for a long period of time, the gas feeding valve can be installed only by acquiring Equipment Protection Level (EPL) Ga in an explosive gas atmosphere.
However, due to technical difficulties, a gas feeding valve including a solenoid that satisfies the international explosion-proof certification has not yet been developed, and thus, exception to the relevant regulations is accepted and applied to gas feeding valves that have obtained the existing classification certifications.
The above-mentioned background art is technical information that the inventor possessed to derive the present disclosure or acquired in the process of deriving the present disclosure, and it cannot be said that the background art is necessarily a known technique disclosed to the general public before the filing of the present disclosure.
SUMMARY
One or more embodiments include a solenoid valve including an explosion-proof structure for securing excellent performance and safety compared with a solenoid valve according to the related art.
However, the above-described objective an example, and is not limited thereto.
Additional aspects will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be apparent from the description, or may be learned by practice of the presented embodiments of the disclosure.
According to one or more embodiments, a solenoid valve having an explosion-proof structure, includes: a body including a channel through which a fluid flows; a housing connected to the body and having one surface opened; a solenoid assembly arranged inside the housing and electrically connected to a controller; an armature, at least a portion of which is arranged in the channel, and which opens or closes the channel by moving relative to the solenoid assembly by a magnetic field generated by the solenoid assembly; and a cover plate arranged on the one surface of the housing to face the armature.
The at least a portion of the solenoid assembly may be arranged to pass through the cover plate.
The cover plate may be arranged on a same plane as a bottom surface of the solenoid assembly.
The solenoid assembly may include: a core including a mounting portion forming a step with a bottom surface of the solenoid assembly; and a coil wound around the core, wherein the cover plate comprises a slot inserted into the mounting portion.
A thickness of the cover plate may be equal to a depth of the mounting portion.
The core may include a plurality of protrusions, and the mounting portion may be recessed inward along an edge of a bottom surface of the protrusions and forms a step with the bottom surface of the protrusions.
In a state in which the slot of the cover plate is inserted into the mounting portion, the cover plate may be disposed on a same plane as the bottom surface of the protrusions.
In a state in which the cover plate is inserted into the mounting portion, the slot, the mounting portion, and an inner wall of the housing may be welded, and the bottom surface of the solenoid assembly may be polished.
According to one or more embodiments, a fuel feeding system including an engine, a fuel feeding manifold feeding fuel to the engine, an air supply manifold supplying air to the engine, a solenoid valve which opens or closes a space between the fuel feeding manifold and the air supply manifold, and a controller controlling the solenoid valve, is included, wherein the solenoid valve includes: a body including a channel through which a fluid flows; a housing connected to the body and having one surface opened; a solenoid assembly arranged inside the housing and electrically connected to the controller; an armature, at least a portion of which is arranged in the channel, and which opens or closes the channel by moving relative to the solenoid assembly by a magnetic field generated by the solenoid assembly; and a cover plate arranged on the one surface of the housing to face the armature.
According to one or more embodiments, a method of manufacturing a solenoid valve having an explosion-proof structure, includes: fixing a solenoid assembly including a core and a coil in a housing; fixing a cover plate in the housing; mounting the cover plate on the solenoid assembly; welding the housing, the solenoid assembly, and the cover plate; and grinding a surface of the cover plate.
Other aspects, features, and advantages other than those described above will become apparent from the accompanying drawings, the appended claims, and the detailed description of the disclosure.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
The above and other aspects, features, and advantages of the embodiments of the disclosure will be more apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1
illustrates a fuel feeding system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIGS. 2 and 3
illustrate an operating state of a solenoid valve, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 4
FIG. 2
is an enlarged view of region A of ;
FIG. 5
is an enlarged view of a portion of a solenoid valve, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; and
FIG. 6
is an exploded view of a solenoid valve in upside-down form, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout. In this regard, the present embodiments may have different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the descriptions set forth herein. Accordingly, the embodiments are merely described below, by referring to the figures, to explain aspects of the present description. As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. Expressions such as “at least one of,” when preceding a list of elements, modify the entire list of elements and do not modify the individual elements of the list.
As the present disclosure allows for various changes and numerous embodiments, particular embodiments will be illustrated in the drawings and described in detail in the written description. However, this is not intended to limit the present disclosure to particular modes of practice, and it is to be appreciated that all changes, equivalents, and substitutes that do not depart from the spirit and technical scope of the present disclosure are encompassed in the present disclosure. In the description of the present disclosure, even though illustrated with respect to different embodiments, the same reference numerals are used for the same components.
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, and when described with reference to the drawings, the same or corresponding components are given the same reference numerals, and repeated description thereof will be omitted.
It will be understood that although the terms “first”, “second”, etc. may be used herein to describe various components, these components should not be limited by these terms. These components are only used to distinguish one component from another.
An expression used in the singular form encompasses the expression in the plural form, unless it has a clearly different meaning in the context.
In the present specification, it is to be understood that the terms such as “including” or “having” are intended to indicate the existence of the features or components disclosed in the specification, and are not intended to preclude the possibility that one or more other features or components may be added.
Also, in the drawings, for convenience of description, sizes of elements may be exaggerated or contracted. For example, since sizes and thicknesses of components in the drawings are arbitrarily illustrated for convenience of explanation, the following embodiments are not limited thereto.
In the embodiments below, an x-axis, a y-axis, and a z-axis are not limited to three axes on a rectangular coordinates system but may be construed as including these axes. For example, an-x axis, a y-axis, and a z-axis may be at right angles or may also indicate different directions from one another, which are not at right angles.
When an embodiment is implementable in another manner, a predetermined process order may be different from a described one. For example, two processes that are consecutively described may be substantially simultaneously performed or may be performed in an opposite order to the described order.
The terms used in the present specification are merely used to describe particular embodiments, and are not intended to limit the present disclosure. In the present specification, it is to be understood that the terms such as “including” or “having,” etc., are intended to indicate the existence of the features, numbers, steps, actions, components, parts, or combinations thereof disclosed in the specification, and are not intended to preclude the possibility that one or more other features, numbers, steps, actions, components, parts, or combinations thereof may exist or may be added.
FIG. 1
FIGS. 2 and 3
FIG. 4
FIG. 2
FIG. 5
FIG. 6
10
100
100
100
illustrates a fuel feeding system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. illustrate an operating state of a solenoid valve , according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. is an enlarged view of region A of . is an enlarged view of a portion of the solenoid valve , according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. is an exploded view of the solenoid valve in upside-down form, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
100
10
100
10
The solenoid valve according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may be included in the fuel feeding system . For example, the solenoid valve may be arranged in the fuel feeding system for feeding fuel to an engine for a ship, an aircraft, or a vehicle to control an operation of feeding fuel to the engine.
100
10
100
10
0
In an embodiment, the solenoid valve and the fuel feeding system including the same may be used in an explosive gas atmosphere. In detail, the solenoid valve and the fuel feeding system including the same may be used in Zone of hazardous places (places where a hazardous atmosphere exists continuously or for a long period of time, such as inside a container, inside a device and a pipe, etc.) defined by the International Electrotechnical Commission System for Certification to Standards Relating to Equipment for Use in Explosive Atmospheres (IECEx).
FIG. 1
10
100
200
300
Referring to , the fuel feeding system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include the solenoid valve , an engine , and a controller .
100
200
200
100
300
100
The solenoid valve may control an output of the engine by controlling a flow rate of fuel fed to the engine . In an embodiment, the solenoid valve may be an electronic solenoid valve controlled by the controller . The solenoid valve will be described later.
200
200
The engine receives fuel and air to generate an output. The type of the engine is not particularly limited, and may be an engine for a ship, an engine for an aircraft, or an engine for a vehicle.
200
210
220
230
In an embodiment, the engine may include a fuel feeding manifold , an air supply manifold , and an exhaust manifold .
210
100
200
210
100
The fuel feeding manifold connects a fuel tank (not shown) to the solenoid valve , and feeds fuel fed from the fuel tank to the engine . The fuel feeding manifold may be opened and closed according to an operation of the solenoid valve .
220
200
210
220
100
210
220
FIG. 1
The air supply manifold receives air from an air tank (not shown) or the outside and supplies the air to the engine . illustrates that the fuel feeding manifold is connected to the air supply manifold after passing through the solenoid valve , but is not limited thereto. For example, the fuel feeding manifold and the air supply manifold may not share a flow path with each other.
230
The exhaust manifold discharges combustion gases of fuel and air to the outside.
300
100
300
200
100
100
300
210
130
100
The controller is electrically connected to the solenoid valve . The controller may adjust an amount of fuel fed to the engine by adjusting opening and closing of the solenoid valve or an opening/closing time of the solenoid valve according to a preset program or in response to receiving a user's instruction. For example, the controller may open or close the fuel feeding manifold by flow of a current to the solenoid assembly of the solenoid valve to form a magnetic field.
FIGS. 2 to 6
100
110
120
130
140
150
Referring to , the solenoid valve according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include a body , a housing , the solenoid assembly , an armature , and a cover plate .
120
130
120
130
In the description below, the housing and the solenoid assembly are distinguished from each other to help the understanding of the present disclosure, but the housing and the solenoid assembly may also constitute a single assembly.
110
110
111
210
112
210
220
210
100
220
112
FIG. 2
The body may include a channel C through which a fluid (for example, fuel or air) moves. For example, as illustrated in , the body may include an inlet connected to the fuel feeding manifold and an outlet connected to a portion where the fuel feeding manifold meets the air supply manifold . Accordingly, fuel flowing into the fuel feeding manifold while the solenoid valve is opened, may move along the channel C and then flow into the air supply manifold through the outlet .
120
110
121
130
121
120
1
The housing may be connected to the body and may include an inner space . The solenoid assembly to be described later may be arranged in the inner space . In an embodiment, the housing may have a central axis Ax.
120
120
121
140
150
FIG. 2
In an embodiment, one surface of the housing may be open. For example, as illustrated in , one surface of the housing that is in contact with the inner space may be opened. The one surface may be arranged to face the armature to be described later, and may be covered by the cover plate .
120
122
300
122
300
130
130
In an embodiment, the housing may include a cable connected to the controller . The cable may connect the controller to the solenoid assembly , and may allow a current to flow through the solenoid assembly to generate a magnetic field.
130
121
120
300
130
120
140
130
120
FIG. 2
The solenoid assembly may be arranged in the inner space of the housing , and may be electrically connected to the controller . For example, as illustrated in , the solenoid assembly may be arranged on the substantially same or the same plane as one end of the housing to face the armature to be described later. That is, a bottom surface B of the solenoid assembly may be arranged on the substantially same or the same plane as the one surface of the housing .
130
122
In addition, one side of the solenoid assembly may be connected to the cable .
130
131
132
In an embodiment, the solenoid assembly may include a core and a coil .
131
132
140
The core may be an electromagnet that generates a magnetic force by a magnetic field generated by flowing a current to the coil , and may attract or push the armature .
131
131
130
131
131
131
131
131
131
130
131
151
150
131
c
a
b
a
c
a
a
c.
FIG. 6
In an embodiment, the core may include a mounting portion which forms a step with respect to the bottom surface B of the solenoid assembly . For example, as illustrated in , the core may include a plurality of protrusions and a plurality of concave portions arranged between the protrusions . In addition, the mounting portion may be recessed inward along an edge of a bottom surface B of the protrusion , which may be the bottom surface B of the solenoid assembly ) to form a step with respect to the bottom surface B of the protrusion . Accordingly, a slot of the cover plate to be described later may be inserted into the mounting portion
131
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While three protrusions having different areas from each other and two concave portions therebetween are illustrated in the drawings, the number, shape, and size of the protrusions and the concave portions , or the like are not limited.
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The coil may be wound around an insulator and inserted into the core , and may generate a magnetic field when a current is applied thereto. For example, the coil wound around the insulator may be wound around at least one of the plurality of protrusions and inserted into the concave portion
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The armature may be at least partially arranged in the channel C of the body . In an embodiment, the armature may be arranged coaxially with the central axis Ax.
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The armature may be a member formed of a metal magnetic material, and when the solenoid assembly generates a magnetic field, the armature may move relative to the solenoid assembly according to the magnetic field to open and close the channel C. This will be described later.
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The cover plate may be arranged to face the armature to close one surface of the housing , and may expose at least a portion of the solenoid assembly . For example, as illustrated in , the cover plate may be arranged to be in contact with an inner wall of the housing to cover an opened surface of the housing . In addition, at least a portion of the solenoid assembly may be arranged to pass through the cover plate .
FIG. 6
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illustrates the cover plate in the form of a circular plate, but the cover plate is not limited thereto, and may have an appropriate shape according to the housing .
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In an embodiment, the cover plate may share a central axis Ax with the solenoid assembly (core ). Here, the central axis Ax may be coaxial with the central axis Ax.
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In an embodiment, the cover plate may include the slot . For example, as illustrated in , the slot is formed in one side of the cover plate and may have a shape corresponding to the mounting portion of the core . Accordingly, when the cover plate is mounted on the solenoid assembly , a portion of the protrusion of the core , for example, the bottom surface B thereof may be exposed to the outside through the slot , and the other portions of the core may be covered by the cover plate .
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According to this configuration, a gap between the bottom surface B of the solenoid assembly and an upper surface of the armature may be minimized, and thus, the strength of a magnetic force exerted by the solenoid assembly on the armature may be secured at a certain level or above.
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Although three slots having different areas from each other are illustrated in , the number, area, and shape thereof are not particularly limited, and may correspond to the shape of the core .
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In an embodiment, a thickness T of the cover plate may be equal to a depth D of the mounting portion . Accordingly, as illustrated in , in a state in which the slot is inserted into the mounting portion , the cover plate may be disposed on the same plane P as the bottom surface B of the solenoid assembly (the bottom surface B of the protrusion ). According to an embodiment, when the cover plate is disposed on the same plane P as the bottom surface B of the solenoid assembly , a bottom surface C of the cover plate may be disposed on the same plane as the bottom surface B of the solenoid assembly . Here, the plane P may be a plane parallel to a XZ plane.
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Therefore, when the cover plate does not have a slot, a gap between the solenoid assembly and the armature increases by the thickness of the cover plate, and as the gap increases, the magnetic force decreases. However, according to the solenoid valve according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the core may be exposed to the outside through the slot , and the gap between a bottom surface of the core and the armature may be minimized to thereby use the magnetic force generated in the solenoid assembly as much as possible and allow the solenoid valve to operate easily. Here, the bottom surface of the core may refer to the bottom surface B of the protrusion and the bottom surface B of the solenoid assembly in the present embodiment.
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In an embodiment, an air gap may be arranged between the solenoid assembly and the cover plate .
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FIGS. 2 and 3
Next, an operation of the solenoid valve according to an embodiment of the present disclosure will be described with reference to .
FIG. 2
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illustrates a state in which the channel (C) is open. First, when a current flows through the solenoid assembly by the controller , the armature is pulled toward the solenoid assembly by a magnetic field formed by the solenoid assembly . Accordingly, the bottom surface of the solenoid assembly and the upper surface of the armature may be spaced apart by a gap G.
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Here, a fixing plate may be arranged inside the body to face one end of the housing , and the armature is connected to a movable plate by a coupling member . Accordingly, when the armature moves toward the solenoid assembly , the movable plate is also moved upwardly, and a gap is formed between the movable plate and an exhaust plate . Accordingly, fuel introduced into a chamber through the fuel feeding manifold passes through a clearance between the movable plate and the exhaust plate to flow into the air supply manifold through the outlet .
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However, a manner in which fuel moves to the air supply manifold is not limited. For example, the movable plate may include a plurality of first holes , and the exhaust plate may include a plurality of second holes . Also, the exhaust plate may include an exhaust hole (not shown) connected to the air supply manifold .
FIG. 2
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As illustrated in , in the solenoid valve according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, at least a portion of the solenoid assembly is arranged to pass through the cover plate . That is, in a state in which the cover plate is mounted on the solenoid assembly , the bottom surface of the core may be exposed to the outside through the slot , and the bottom surface of the core may be disposed on the same plane as the cover plate . Accordingly, the gap G between the core and the armature may be minimized, thereby increasing a magnetic force between the solenoid assembly and the armature .
FIG. 3
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Next, illustrates a state in which the channel C is closed. When no current flows in the solenoid assembly by the controller , the magnetic field that pulls the armature disappears, and the armature may move downwards by an elastic member . Accordingly, the bottom surface of the solenoid assembly and the upper surface of the armature may be spaced apart by a gap G.
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Here, the elastic member inserted into the fixed plate is compressed while the armature is moved upward, and is expanded when the magnetic field disappears and may press the movable plate downward to thereby quickly move the movable plate . Accordingly, a lower surface of the movable plate may be closely adhered to the exhaust plate to thereby close the channel C.
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In an embodiment, the slot , the mounting portion , and the inner wall of the housing may be welded to one another in a state in which the cover plate is inserted into the mounting portion . In detail, in a state in which the slot of the cover plate is mounted on the mounting portion of the core , the mounting portion and the slot are welded to each other, and an outer circumferential surface of the cover plate and the inner wall of the housing may be welded to each other to firmly attach the cover plate and maintain airtightness.
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In an embodiment, a surface of the cover plate may be ground in a state in which the cover plate is mounted on the mounting portion . Accordingly, fine irregularities on surfaces of the cover plate and the core may be removed, a step generated during a mounting process may be reduced, and welding beads generated during a welding process may be removed. Thus, a step difference between an outer surface of the cover plate and the bottom surface of the protrusion may be minimized, and ultimately, the cover plate and the bottom surface of the protrusion may be disposed on the same plane.
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According to this configuration of the solenoid valve a pressure-resistant explosion-proof structure may be implemented by covering a surface of the housing with the cover plate , without filling an additional explosion-proof member such as epoxy into the housing .
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In addition, according to the solenoid valve in the present embodiment of the present disclosure, the bottom surface of the solenoid assembly and the cover plate of the solenoid assembly may be arranged on the same plane, thereby minimizing a gap between the solenoid assembly and the armature . Accordingly, by increasing a magnetic force exerted by the solenoid assembly and the armature to each other, the solenoid valve may be smoothly operated.
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Next, a method of manufacturing the solenoid valve according to an embodiment of the present disclosure will be described.
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The method of manufacturing the solenoid valve according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include: fixing the solenoid assembly including the core and the coil in the housing ; fixing the cover plate in the housing ; mounting the cover plate on the solenoid assembly ; welding the housing , the solenoid assembly , and the cover plate ; and grinding a surface of the cover plate .
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First, the solenoid assembly is fixed in the housing . The core of the solenoid assembly may be formed by stacking a plurality of core members and integrating the core members by welding into a single core .
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FIG. 2
A method of fixing the solenoid assembly to the housing is not limited. For example, an outer surface of the solenoid assembly and an inner surface of the housing may be connected to each other by using a fixing member illustrated in (reference numeral not shown).
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Next, the slot of the cover plate is mounted on the mounting portion of the core . Accordingly, the opened one surface of the housing is closed, and the bottom surface of the core may be exposed through the slot . That is, the bottom surface of the core may be arranged through the cover plate .
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Next, the housing , the solenoid assembly , and the cover plate are welded. For example, the inner wall of the housing and the outer circumferential surface of the cover plate may be welded to each other, and the mounting portion and the slot may be welded to each other. Accordingly, the cover plate may be firmly mounted to the housing and air tightness may be maintained.
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According to an embodiment, a welding method used when integrating the core or welding the cover plate is not particularly limited, and any of various welding methods such as arc welding, gas welding, laser welding, friction welding, cold pressing, etc. may be used.
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Then the cover plate is ground. The surface of the cover plate may have irregularities that are difficult to observe with the naked eye. In addition, there may be welding beads generated during a welding process or a step between the surface of the cover plate and the bottom surface of the protrusion . Accordingly, by grinding the surface of the cover plate , the cover plate and the bottom surface of the solenoid assembly may be disposed on the same plane.
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According to the present disclosure, by covering one surface of the housing with the cover plate , a pressure-resistant explosion-proof structure may be implemented without filling an additional explosion-proof member such as epoxy inside the housing . That is, even when a gas flows into the housing and a spark or the like is generated inside the housing to cause a flame or explosion, the cover plate may block the flame from spreading to the outside, thereby implementing an explosion-proof structure.
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According to the present disclosure, by locating the bottom surface of the solenoid assembly and the cover plate on the same plane as each other, a gap between the solenoid assembly and the armature may be minimized. Accordingly, by increasing the magnetic force exerted by the solenoid assembly and the armature to each other, the solenoid valve may operate smoothly.
According to the present disclosure, a pressure-resistant explosion-proof structure may be implemented by covering a surface of the housing with a cover plate, without filling an additional explosion-proof member such as epoxy in the housing.
According to the present disclosure, by locating the bottom surface of the solenoid assembly and the cover plate on the same plane as each other, a gap between the solenoid assembly and the armature may be minimized. Accordingly, by increasing the magnetic force exerted by the solenoid assembly and the armature to each other, the solenoid valve may operate smoothly.
Specific technical content described in the embodiment is an embodiment and does not limit the technical scope of the embodiment. In order to concisely and clearly describe the description of the present disclosure, descriptions of conventional general techniques and configurations may be omitted. In addition, the connection or connection member of the lines between the components shown in the drawings illustratively shows functional connections and/or physical or circuit connections, and in an actual device, various functional connections, physical connections that are replaceable or additional It may be expressed as a connection, or circuit connections. In addition, unless there is a specific reference such as “essential” or “importantly”, it may not be a necessary component for the application of the present disclosure.
The use of the terms “a” and “an” and “the” and similar referents in the detailed description and the claims are to be construed to cover both the singular and the plural, unless specifically defined otherwise. Furthermore, recitation of ranges of values herein are merely intended to serve as a shorthand method of referring individually to each separate value falling within the range, unless otherwise indicated herein, and each separate value is incorporated into the specification as if it were individually recited herein. Finally, the steps of all methods described herein can be performed in any suitable order unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context. The embodiments are not limited to the above-described order of the steps. The use of any and all examples, or exemplary language (e.g., “such as”) provided herein, is intended merely to better illuminate the inventive concept and does not pose a limitation on the scope of the inventive concept unless otherwise claimed. Numerous modifications and adaptations will be readily apparent to those skilled in this art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.
It should be understood that embodiments described herein should be considered in a descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation. Descriptions of features or aspects within each embodiment should typically be considered as available for other similar features or aspects in other embodiments. While one or more embodiments have been described with reference to the figures, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure as defined by the following claims. | |
The Feliciano Center for Entrepreneurship at Montclair State University celebrated its first annual Women’s Entrepreneurship Week with several free events on campus.Tuesday’s event featured Gloria Feldt — a renowned speaker, author, leadership expert and co-founder of Take the Lead, an organization devoted to increasing the number of women in leadership positions — and a panel of successful women entrepreneurs and alumni of Montclair State University.
Wednesday’s main event consisted of a daylong conference featuring high-profile speakers — including New Jersey Lt. Gov. Kim Guadagno — and interactive workshops to help women entrepreneurs grow or start their business, or for women seeking information on how to be more entrepreneurial within the companies they currently work for.
“We know that more young women than men are seeking higher education, and we also know from data that young women are more rigorous about pursuing their studies and that they have higher educational aspirations,” said Susan Cole, president of Montclair State University, in her address Wednesday morning.
“And yet, young women enter college with considerably less confidence in their social, intellectual and leadership abilities than do young men.
“Fifty years after the feminist era, women are still doubting themselves — but their education and entrepreneurship can be part of the solution.”
Panels for the event included:
- “Being a Women Entrepreneur in a Man’s World”;
- “Show Me the Money: Financing to Start/Grow Your Business”;
- “How to be Entrepreneurial while Leading a Large Organization”;
- “Lessons on Starting a Business”;
- A spirited discussion between NASDAQ OMX board member Ellyn McColgan and Illene H. Lang, senior adviser and former president and CEO of Catalyst;
- A keynote address on developing a “personal brand” by Mikki Taylor, editor-at-large at Essence Magazine and author of “Commander in Chic.”
- And a workshop on networking that was led by Sally Glick, principal and chief growth strategist at Sobel & Co.
A complete list of panelists and discussion topics can be found here.
The week will conclude Thursday night with a discussion and sneak peek of “Big Dream,” an Iron Way Films documentary that follows the stories of seven young women who are breaking barriers and overcoming personal challenges to follow their passions in STEM fields.
In addition to Montclair State University, Women’s Entrepreneurship Week has been celebrated elsewhere in the state with a networking event for the Women Entrepreneurs Hub of LaunchNJ at Fairleigh Dickinson University on Monday; a financial planning seminar for women at New Jersey Institute of Technology on Wednesday; and a panel to highlight the experiences of women entrepreneurs at Saint Peter’s University on Thursday.
The Feliciano Center for Entrepreneurship at Montclair State University has supported and educated women entrepreneurs since opening in 2013. More than 50 percent of students in the Center’s courses and 80 percent of its advisory board members are women.
ALSO ON NJBIZ: | https://njbiz.com/education-and-entrepreneurship-can-be-part-of-the-solution-for-women-in-business/ |
Fort Bliss, Texas – Soldiers from Fort Bliss received a week-long swim lesson from September 19-23 from a pro at the facility’s Aquatics Training Center.
The Fort Bliss Holistic Health and Fitness Team hosted this training to increase Soldiers’ knowledge of proper swimming techniques and to demonstrate the benefits that physical training in the pool, when done correctly, can have on physical readiness.
While there are jobs that give soldiers the opportunity to travel the oceans, lakes, and rivers, the Army is primarily a ground force not known for its ability to conduct operations on the water. So why should soldiers learn to swim?
“Being in the water can help us do better on our missions on land so we can recover faster,” said Jeff Utsch, a tactical swimming instructor. “[Swimming] can be a career booster, extend careers, increase uptime, expand skills and other things.”
Utsch says that with the right technique, a person can get in a pool and work as hard as possible to maximize their heart rate, but recover from the effort more quickly.
“As we get older it gets harder to do those jerks and runs because our bodies start to get tired,” he said. “We bring in people who might have a hip injury or who can’t run as fast or who are in pain, but swimming with the right technique can keep them fit without causing additional damage.”
Utsch stressed that the first rule of swimming is do no harm, and for that people need to use the right techniques.
“Too many people get in the pool and don’t know what to do or how to swim, so they just stay out of the water,” he said. “When they go into the water, they just find it boring. The laps are too strenuous, so why at all?”
Utsch’s goal is to teach the skills for proper technique to avoid injury and then to expand the soldiers’ minds about what being in the water can do for them.
“There’s a lot of research out there from Indiana University Bloomington’s Counsilman Center for the Science of Swimming about all the benefits of swimming, like just getting in the water and what it does to our blood pressure,” he said. “They did a 40 or 50 year study of runners, walkers and swimmers. The benefits of getting in the water and what it means for quality of life, longevity and most importantly health.”
Health is just one of the benefits of water activities, he says.
“We have recovery, rehabilitation, off-season conditioning, in-season conditioning, alternative weight loss training, training for all the energy systems that you can do in the water when you’re too tired to do it on land,” Utsch said. “There really are extra arrows in the quiver, extra tools in the toolbox that not enough people are using.”
He added that many older athletes like Tom Brady use water training to prolong their ability to compete.
“Rather than tightening things up, we need to work more on stretching our muscles to keep them younger, especially as we age,” Utsch said. “Swimming can be a kind of antidote to tightening, aging and less flexibility.”
This training isn’t just for athletes or military personnel, anyone can benefit from learning these skills, he said.
“I’ve taught people who can’t get off the bottom of the pool and are afraid to get all the way to Olympic swimmers,” he said. “You’ll both benefit.”
A soldier learned a great deal about his own abilities during training.
“I think I’ve learned a lot,” said Sgt. Christopher Higgins, a health specialist with 1st Battalion, 67th Armored Regiment, 3rd Armored Brigade Combat Team. “I thought I was a good swimmer, but this course taught me that I’m really not as good as I thought I was.”
Higgins hopes to see more of this type of training and would like it to be added for the restoration or overhaul of physical training for Soldiers who need it.
“Workouts are always looking for things that don’t walk and jerk or push-ups and sit-ups, and this is one of those things that, when done right, is just as effective, if not more effective,” Higgins said. “Even if you have injured soldiers, you can still involve them in a swim.”
Utsch, who works primarily with the Navy, said this is the first time he has worked with army soldiers. He does this training to give back and connect with great men and women with patriotic spirit.
“If the Army introduced a swimming program, it would lengthen careers. There would be fewer injuries, faster recovery from injuries, fitter soldiers and overall it would improve the capabilities of our armed forces,” he said. “We have shown how this can extend the careers of great athletes, especially when they supplement their training with swimming.”
He explained that by creating good swimmers we will lead to fitter soldiers as evidence shows that people who enter the water are healthier and have greater physical endurance.
Soldiers should contact their holistic health and fitness instructors for more information on what swimming can do for their units.
|Date of recording:||09/20/2022|
|Release Date:||23.09.2022 10:21|
|Story ID:||429830|
|Location:||FORT HAPPINESS, TX, US|
|Web Views:||3|
|Download:||0|
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This work, Fort Bliss Holistic Health and Fitness Team hosts swimming lessons for Soldiersthrough SSG Jesse Anderlaidentified by DVIDSmust comply with the restrictions set forth at https://www.dvidshub.net/about/copyright. | https://paperwriter.ca/dvids-news-fort-bliss-holistic-health-and-fitness-team-hosts-swimming-lessons-for-soldiers |
A teenage murder witness finds himself pursued by twin assassins in the Montana wilderness with a survival expert tasked with protecting him -- and a forest fire threatening to consume them all.
Director
Taylor Sheridan
Cast
Angelina Jolie, Nicholas Hoult, Jon Bernthal, Aidan Gillen
Language
English
Rating
Finding You
While studying abroad in Ireland, accomplished young musician Finley (Rose Reid) meets heartthrob movie star Beckett (Jedidiah Goodacre) shooting his latest medieval fantasy blockbuster. Sparks fly between the unlikely couple who inspire each other to find the strength to be true to oneself. But when forces surrounding Beckett’s stardom threaten to crush their dreams, Finley must decide what she is willing to risk for love.
Director
Brian Baugh
Cast
Katherine McNamara, Vanessa Redgrave, Tom Everett Scott, Saoirse-Monica Jackson
Language
English
Rating
Opening Friday, May 28
The Perfect Candidate
When Maryam, a hardworking young doctor in a small-town clinic, is prevented from flying to Dubai for a conference without a male guardian’s approval, she seeks help from a politically connected cousin but inadvertently registers as a candidate for the municipal council. Maryam sees the election as a way to fix the muddy road in front of her clinic, but her campaign slowly garners broader appeal.
Director
Haifaa Al-Mansour
Cast
Mila Al Zahrani, Dae Al Hilali, Nora Al Awad
Language
Arabic | English
Rating
A Quiet Place Part II
Following the deadly events at home, the Abbott family (Emily Blunt, Millicent Simmonds, Noah Jupe) must now face the terrors of the outside world as they continue their fight for survival in silence. Forced to venture into the unknown, they quickly realize that the creatures that hunt by sound are not the only threats that lurk beyond the sand path.
Director
John Krasinski
Cast
Emily Blunt, Cillian Murphy, Noah Jupe, Djimon Hounsou
Language
English
Rating
Cruella
Academy Award® winner Emma Stone (“La La Land”) stars in Disney’s CRUELLA an all-new live-action feature film about the rebellious early days of one of cinemas most notorious – and notoriously fashionable – villains, the legendary Cruella de Vil. CRUELLA, which is set in 1970s London amidst the punk rock revolution, follows a young grifter named Estella, a clever and creative girl determined to make a name for herself with her designs. She befriends a pair of young thieves who appreciate her appetite for mischief, and together they are able to build a life for themselves on the London streets. One day, Estella’s flair for fashion catches the eye of the Baroness von Hellman, a fashion legend who is devastatingly chic and terrifyingly haute, played by two-time Oscar® winner Emma Thompson (“Howards End,” “Sense & Sensibility”). But their relationship sets in motion a course of events and revelations that will cause Estella to embrace her wicked side and become the raucous, fashionable and revenge-bent Cruella. IMPORTANT NOTE: CRUELLA contains several sequences with flashing lights that may affect those who are susceptible to photosensitive epilepsy or have other photosensitivities. | https://pdx.livingroomtheaters.com/comingsoon |
Coverage of the report in Generocity:
Philanthropy Network and Chamber of
Commerce release corporate social
responsibility report
by Sabrina Vourvoulias
[May 15, 2019] The Chamber of Commerce for Greater Philadelphia and Philanthropy Network Greater Philadelphia are pleased to release “How Employers Give: A Look at Philanthropy and Volunteerism in Philadelphia.” The report provides a snapshot of how the business community of Philadelphia engages in philanthropy and the scale and scope of those philanthropic activities. The report is based on a survey distributed in early 2019 to 100 companies represented on the Chamber’s Board of Directors, many of whom are also members of Philanthropy Network Greater Philadelphia.
“The business community in Philadelphia cares deeply about the city and this survey provides a start in understanding the extent of the time, talent, and donations that employers give,” said Rob Wonderling, the President & Chief Executive Officer of the Chamber. “Employers big and small, public and private, are finding unique opportunities each and every day to make a difference throughout our city.”
The report provides data on how much employers are giving, the number of hours employees have spent volunteering, top issues areas and target populations groups, and how employers engage their employees in philanthropic activities. The report also provides examples and case studies of employer’s philanthropic activities.
Among the report’s key findings:
- Employers headquartered in Philadelphia direct much of their giving to causes that benefit the local community. According to the survey data, 90 percent of employers’ giving that benefits communities and nonprofits in Philadelphia comes from companies headquartered here.
- Senior leadership buy-in and support is strong, with more than half of respondents stating that their executive office oversees aspects of the organization's philanthropic activity.
- Employers spread their giving across a large number of nonprofit organizations, with more than a third of respondents supporting over 50 nonprofits over the past year.
- Employers struggle with tracking data and measuring impact, and many respondents were unable to provide data on their employees’ volunteering activities. Coupled with the fact that the survey was sent to only a portion of the Chamber’s membership, the actual amount of giving, volunteering, and pro bono support provided by Philadelphia employers is much higher than what the survey data reports.
“Our city becomes stronger when a variety of actors—from foundations and corporations to nonprofits and civic leaders—come together to address issues,” said Sidney Hargro, President, Philanthropy Network Greater Philadelphia. “Through this report, it’s clear that employers want to make a difference in the communities in which they work and are using a variety of strategies to make an impact. We’re excited to use this information as a starting point to inspire even greater philanthropic activity in Philadelphia.”
The survey and report were prepared by Geneva Global, a certified B Corporation in Greater Philadelphia that provides advice and services to help philanthropists, charitable organizations, and corporations maximize their social impact.
About the Chamber of Commerce for Greater Philadelphia
The Chamber of Commerce for Greater Philadelphia brings area businesses and civic leaders together to promote growth and create opportunity in our region. Our members represent eleven counties, three states, and roughly 600,000 employees from thousands of member companies and organizations. We advocate for regional development, business-friendly public policies, and economic prosperity. We support our members with practical, inspiring programs, resources, and events. And all that we do serves one clear, bold goal: to make Greater Philadelphia a great place for good business. For more information, visit www.chamberphl.com.
About Philanthropy Network Greater Philadelphia
Philanthropy Network Greater Philadelphia is a hub for the region’s funders and social investors, providing unique opportunities for learning, collective action, and support to advance the effectiveness and impact of their efforts. For more information visit www.philanthropynetwork.org. | https://philanthropynetwork.org/news/new-report-outlines-scale-and-scope-employer-driven-philanthropy-and-volunteerism-philadelphia |
Several factors—including a growing senior population, increased interest in and use of hospice care, a growing number of palliative care programs nationwide, and growing use of advance care planning—are fueling the nation’s need for appropriately-trained hospice and palliative care professionals. There is an existing gap between the number of health professionals with palliative care training and the number required to meet the needs of the expanding population of patients with serious illness or multiple chronic conditions. Palliative care is an approach to care that utilizes an interdisciplinary model and aims to optimize quality of life and mitigate suffering among individuals with serious, complex illness.
Please send an email to your United States Senators to express the need for greater improvements to our public health infrastructure and more training for the health care and public health workforce, especially in the area of palliative care. You can find a sample email here.
The Sisters of Charity Health System stands with the Catholic Health Association of the United States and the other members of the Patient Quality of Life Coalition (PQLC) in requesting the Senate Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions (HELP) Committee consider including the Palliative Care and Hospice Education and Training Act (PCHETA), S. 2080 in the 116th Congress, in upcoming workforce legislation.
The PQLC was established to advance the interests of patients and families facing serious illness. The coalition includes over 40 organizations dedicated to improving quality of care and quality of life for all patients from pediatrics to geriatrics, as well as supporting public policies that improve and expand access to quality palliative care and appropriate pain management. PQLC members represent patients, caregivers, health professionals, and health care systems.
The HELP Committee has announced the beginning of bipartisan discussions to support, update, and expand workforce training programs, and has called for proposals including those in reaction to the COVID-19 pandemic and the workforce needs of the health care and public health sectors. The need for palliative care education and training among those on the front lines is urgent. We have an existing shortage that patients, families, and health care providers are now feeling as systems have become overwhelmed as a result of the pandemic. It is important that we alleviate these stresses, as this pandemic will have lasting impacts on the palliative care and hospice workforce. We also must invest in building the public health infrastructure and workforce now to address these shortages in the unfortunate event of another pandemic.
The COVID-19 pandemic has shined a bright light on the existing palliative care workforce shortage and amplified the need for our nation’s health care workforce – beyond those who will specialize in the field – to have training in basic palliative care to ensure all patients facing serious illness or at the end of life can receive high-quality care.
The Palliative Care and Hospice Education and Training Act (PCHETA), S. 2080 in the 116th Congress, would provide assistance in addressing the palliative care workforce shortage and help respond to COVID-19 and future pandemics.
Palliative care is specialized care that focuses on preventing and treating the debilitating effects of serious illness, with clinicians trained to assess and manage physical, psychological, and other sources of suffering. This includes relieving pain and other distressing symptoms, such as shortness of breath or unrelenting nausea. Palliative care seeks to anticipate, prevent, and treat physical, emotional, social, and spiritual suffering, as well as to help facilitate and support the goals and values of patients. This education is urgent for the health professionals who do not have palliative care training but are on the front lines of caring for individuals infected with diseases like COVID-19 and facing life and death decisions
Training in palliative care also focuses on learning how to have detailed and skilled communication with patients and families to elicit goals and preferences. In the midst of a pandemic like COVID-19, this knowledge is essential.
The CARES Act (PL 116-136) recognized the importance of addressing health professional training and included the reauthorization of the Title VII health professions programs, the Title VIII nursing programs, and the geriatric training programs. PCHETA will work to address the critical shortage of health professionals with knowledge and skills in palliative care that can no longer be ignored. PCHETA is designed to build the evidence base for serious illness care and to educate all who care for patients like those now flooding our nation’s emergency departments, hospitals, and ICUs. PCHETA will not only help strengthen the palliative care workforce but also help ensure that, going forward, patients and providers are aware of the benefits of palliative care. According to the Institute of Medicine, there is a “need for better understanding of the role of palliative care among both the public and professionals across the continuum of care.”
Congress has long worked on a bipartisan basis to support and advance PCHETA. The House has passed it twice with overwhelming support. S. 2080 was cosponsored by 58 bipartisan senators in the previous Congressional session and is supported by more than 50 national organizations and 35 state organizations. There is no better time than now for Congress to demonstrate its commitment to ensuring all Americans facing serious or life-threatening illness can receive high-quality care and to providing our health care professionals with what they need to meet this pandemic moment, and ones sure to come.
Please reach out to your senators today. A sample letter (email) for you to send is available here on e-Advocacy.
© 2021 Sisters of Charity Health System. All rights reserved. | https://www.sistersofcharityhealth.org/blog/posts/ask-your-senators-for-support-of-the-palliative-care-and-hospice-education-and-training-act/ |
‘Specific learning difficulty’ is an umbrella term sometimes used as a synonym for dyslexia but also includes the following:
- Dyscalculia
- Dysgraphia
- Dyspraxia
- Attention deficit disorder or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADD or ADHD)
- Asperger Syndrome
Dyscalcuila
As with any disability, no two individuals experience the same combination of difficulties and some people may exhibit signs of more than one SpLD.
Dyscalculia is characterised by difficulties with mathematical skills. People with dyscalculia may have normal language ability for the printed word but do not notice their common mistakes such as transposing, omitting and reversing numbers. Their approach to solving number problems may appear unconventional and limitations may be shown in the sequencing of calculations. They may also have difficulty with abstract concepts of time and direction, following sequential instructions, with the sequence of events and memory for names. They may lack “big picture” thinking, are confused by timetables and may often be late. They may have a poor sense of direction and can become lost.
Useful links:
The Dyscalculia and Dyslexia Interest Group
BDA – Dyscalculia, Dyslexia and Maths
The Dyscalculia Centre
Dysgraphia
Dysgraphia is a difficulty in writing resulting in written work which may be illegible and inaccurately spelled. Script may feature irregular letter sizes and shapes, a mixture of upper and lower case letters or of print and cursive letters. Dysgraphia contributes to difficulties in using writing as a communication tool, causes fatigue and interferes with the communication of ideas. Written work appears at variance with the person’s intelligence or their ability to read. People with dysgraphia often lack coordination and fine motor skills.
Useful links:
Dysgraphia.org.uk
Dyspraxia
Dyspraxia characteristically involves difficulties with gross and/or fine motor movements, co-ordination, spatial awareness, perception, language, short-term memory, planning and organisation. Dyspraxia may also be associated with other specific learning difficulties such as dyslexia, ADD, ADHD and Asperger’s syndrome. As a result of the difficulties they experience, people with dyspraxia may be prone to stress and anxiety.
Useful links:
Dyspraxia Foundation
ADD
Attention deficit disorder (ADD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are characterised by disruptive behaviours that cannot be described as being of a psychiatric nature. People with ADD/ADHD have difficulty focussing their attention for long enough to complete a specific task, can be hyperactive and impulsive, and can suffer from mood swings and have under-developed social skills. There is research evidence showing that those with ADD are at higher risk of depression or anxiety whilst those with ADHD are more prone to behavioural problems.
Asperger Syndrome
Asperger Syndrome (also known as high functioning autism) gives rise to a variety of characteristics along a range of severity which may include difficulty dealing with change and difficulty reading non-verbal clues. The former can cause unexpected responses to surroundings and the latter gives rise to problems with social interactions. People with Asperger Syndrome (AS) may become preoccupied with a particular subject of interest or develop obsessive routines and may find it difficult to focus on a particular task. Difficulty in discriminating between relevant and irrelevant information, a literal approach to written work, acute anxiety and dyspraxia are common in people with AS.
Useful links: | http://www.dyslexiacentre.co.uk/other-difficulties/ |
Kenny Song, a graduate student at the University of Tokyo, developed adversarial.js, an interactive tool that shows how adversarial attacks function using Tensorflow.js.
There has been increasing attention to the threat that adversarial attacks cause to cybersecurity systems. Some adversarial attack examples include glasses that fool facial recognition systems and the stickers pasted on stop signs causing computer vision systems to mistake them for speed limits.
AI researchers and cybersecurity professionals are now making efforts to educate people about adversarial attacks and create robust machine learning systems. Recently, adversarial.js was released on GitHub to raise awareness about machine learning security through the project. | https://oneo.ai/2020/12/02/presenting-adversarial-js-tool-an-interactive-in-browser-demonstration-of-adversarial-attacks-on-neural-networks/ |
This study investigated the effects of a short-term vibration training intervention, using a relatively low-cost side-alternating platform, on the jump performance of a young recreationally-active female population. Following institutional ethics approval, 22 recreationally-active females (mean: age = 21.1 ± 0.6 years; height = 1.66 ± 0.08 m; mass = 68.1 ± 9.8 kg), recruited via a convenience sampling method, were randomly assigned to a whole-body vibration training (WBVT) or control group. The WBVT group performed static squats and lunges, once-per-week over a six-week period, on a sidealternating vibration platform. The control group followed an identical training protocol without vibration exposure. Lower-body muscular power was assessed before and after the intervention using three maximal vertical countermovement jumps (VCMJ), performed on a contact mat. Results of a repeated measures t-test revealed the WBVT group significantly improved their VCMJ performance (P = 0.012) over the six-week intervention. The control groups’ performance remained relatively stable with no significant increase in jump performance (P = 0.68). The current study supports the inclusion of vibration training as part of an exercise regime to increase jumping performance in a recreationally-active female population. As findings show comparable improvements to those from other studies following similar training protocols, using more expensive vibration platforms, further investigation is now warranted to ascertain responses to vibratory signals received from the variety of low-cost, vibration platform types currently available.
American College of Sports Medicine (2013). ACSM’s Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription, (9th edition). Baltimore, MD: Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins.
Babraj, J., Hawkey, A. (2017). Improved insulin sensitivity following a short-term whole body vibration intervention. Al Ameen Journal of Medical Sciences, 10(1): 3-9.
Bolgar, M.R., Baker, C.E., Goss, F.L., Nagle, E., Robertson, R. (2010). Effect of exercise intensity on differentiated and undifferentiated ratings of perceived exertion during cycle and treadmill exercise in recreationally active and trained women. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 9(4): 557-563.
Bosco, C., Colli, R., Introni, E., Cardinale, M., Tsarpela, O., Madella, A., Tihanyi, J., Viru, A. (1999). Adaptive responses of human skeletal muscle to vibration exposure. Clinical Physiology, 19: 183.
Cochrane, D.J., Stannard, S.R. (2005). Acute whole body vibration training increases vertical jump and flexibility performance in elite female field hockey players. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 39: 860-865.
Corrie, H., Mansfield, N.J., Brooke-Wavell, K. (2006). Subjective ratings of whole body vibration training platforms. Proceedings of 41st United Kingdom Group Meeting on Human Responses to Vibration, Farnborough, England. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Neil_Mansfield/publication/242161951_SUBJECTIVE_RATINGS_OF_WHOLE-BODY_VIBRATION_TRAINING_PLATFORMS/links/0c96051d2a23cf1d00000000.pdf Accessed on 26th January 2018.
Crazy Fit Massage X-1150 vibration machine. Available at: www.crazy-fit-massage.com Accessed on 15th November 2017.
Dabbs, N.C., Lundahl, J.A., Garner, J.C. (2015). Effectiveness of different rest intervals following whole-body vibration on vertical jump performance between college athletes and recreationally trained females. Sports, 3(3): 258-268.
Delecluse, C., Roelants, M., Verschueren, S.M. (2003). Strength increases after whole-body vibration compared with resistance training. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 35: 1033-1041.
Fischbach, A.F. Vibration equipment makes inroads at health clubs. Club Industry, 2007, available at: http://www.clubindustry.com/mag/vibration-equipment-makes-inroads-health-clubs. Accessed on 12th December 2017.
Gusi, N. Raimundo, A., Leal, A. (2006). Low frequency vibratory exercise reduces the risk of bone fracture more than walking: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 7: 92.
Hawkey, A. (2012a). Whole body vibration training improves muscular power in a recreationally active population. SportLogia, 8(2): 116–122.
Hawkey, A. (2012b). Editorial: Quantification, clarification and standardisation of whole body vibration. Journal of Sports Therapy. 5(1).
Hawkey, A., Griffiths, K., Babraj, J., Cobley, J.N. (2016). Whole-body vibration training and its application to age-related performance decrements: an exploratory analysis. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 30(2): 555-560.
Hawkey, A., Rittweger, J., Rubin, C. (2016). Vibration exercise: evaluating its efficacy and safety on the musculoskeletal system. The Sport and Exercise Scientist, 50: 26-27.
Ingham, S. (2007). The physiology of strength training. In G. Whyte, The Physiology of Training pp.: 135-162. London: Churchill Livingston.
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) (1997). ISO. 2361-1. In Organization IS (ed). Mechanical vibration and shock: evaluation of human exposure to whole body vibration. Geneva, Switzerland.
Lees, A., Vanrenterghem, J., De Clercq, D. (2004). Understanding how an arm swing enhances performance in the vertical jump. Journal of Biomechanics, 37: 1929-1940.
Lorenzen, C., Maschette, W., Koh, M., Wilson, C. (2009). Inconsistent use of terminology in whole body vibration exercise research. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 12(6): 676-678.
Marin, P.J., Rhea, M.R. (2010). Effects of vibration training on muscle strength: a meta-analysis. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 24(2): 548-556.
Markovic, G. (2007). Does plyometric training improve vertical jump height? A meta-analytical review. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 41: 349-355.
McLester, J.R., Bishop, P.A., Smith, J., Wyers, L., Dale, B., Kozusko, J., Richardson, M., Nerett, M.E., Lomax, R. (2003). A series of studies – A practical protocol for testing muscular endurance recovery. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 17(2): 259-273.
Newell, C., Ramage, B., Robu, I., Shearer, J., Khan, A. (2017). Side alternating vibration training in patients with mitochondrial disease: a pilot study. Archives of Physiotherapy, 7(10).
Osawa, Y., Oguma, Y., Onishi, S. (2011). Effects of whole-body vibration training on bone-free lean body mass and muscle strength in young adults. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 10: 97-104.
Paradisis, G., Zacharogiannis, E. (2007). Effects of whole-body vibration training on sprint running kinematics and explosive strength performance. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 6: 44-49.
Petit, P-D., Pensini, M., Tessaro, J., Desnuelle, C., Legros, P., Colson, S.S. (2010). Optimal whole-body vibration settings for muscle strength and power enhancement in human knee extensors. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 20: 1186-1195.
Power Plate. Available at: www.powerplate.com. Accessed on 10th November 2017.
Ratamess, N.A., Alvar, B.A., Evetoch, T.K., Housh, T.J., Kibler, W.B., Kraemer, W.J., Triplet, N.T. (2009). American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Progression models in resistance training for healthy adults. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 41: 687-708.
Read, M.M., Cisar, C. (2001). The influence of varied rest interval lengths on depth jump performance. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 15(3): 279-283.
Rittweger J. (2010). Vibration as an exercise modality: How it may work, and what its potential might be. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 108(5): 877-904.
Ritzmann, R., Kramer, A., Bernhardt, S., Gollhofer, A. (2014). Whole body vibration training – improving balance control and muscle endurance. PLoS ONE, 9(2): e89905.
Teo, W., Newton M.J., McGuigan M.R. (2011). Circadian rhythms in exercise performance: implications for hormonal and muscular adaptation. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 10(4), 600-606.
Torvinen, S., Kannus, P., Sievanen, H., Jarvinen, T.A., Pasanen, M., Kontulainen, S., Jarvinen, T.L., Jarvinen, M., Oja, P., Vuori, I. (2002). Effect of four-month vertical whole body vibration on performance and balance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 34: 1523.
Torvinen, S., Kannus, P., Sievanen, H., Jarvinen, T.A., Pasanen, M., Kontulainen, S., Nenonen, A., Jarvinen, T.L., Paakkala, T., Jarvinen, M., Vuori, I. (2003). Effect of 8-month vertical whole body vibration on bone, muscle performance, and body balance: a randomized controlled study. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 18: 876.
Vibration Plate Reviews and Guide. Available at: www.vibrationplateguide.co.uk . Accessed on 22nd January 2018.
Whiteman, T. (2007). Feeling the vibe. The REPs Journal, 8: 16-17.
World Medical Association. (2013). World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. Journal of the American Medical Association, 310:2191- 2194. | http://mohejournal.com/index.php/mohe/article/view/243 |
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Royal Navy selects partners for training and learning transformation
The British Royal Navy has awarded a contract to a consortium of consulting firms to help modernise and rationalise its training and education facilities.
15 January 2021
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French government hires McKinsey to support vaccination rollout
The French government is working with consultants from McKinsey & Company on the massive task of vaccinating the country’s 67 million strong population.
06 January 2021
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Chandler Airport needs $100 million upgrade, say consultants
Chandler Municipal Airport, a general aviation airport southeast of Phoenix, Arizona, needs $106 million in upgrades over the next 20 years, according to consultants from airport specialist Coffman A
13 November 2020
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Harrogate Councillors call for KPMG report to be made public
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Epidemiological Literature Review/Research (100 pts.)
For this assignment, you must develop a report on the assigned public health topic. You will be required to research the current and relevant data and statistics about the topic and identify any existing public health problem or issue that could be addressed through a PH Advocacy Campaign.
Ask yourself what you would like to improve, or address related to this topic. Hint: your review of the literature, may reveal some pressing issues or concerns.
The review will be a 2 page narrative. Reference and citations (in-paper) should be formatted in APA style.
You are encouraged to review published journal articles to identify components of a proper literature review/introduction for your public health advocacy campaign. This EPI Review serves as an introduction to the health problem that you will address.
Epidemiological Review: Writing your literature review.pdf
Video — Literature Review topic is Vaping or the use of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems. | https://collegeeducationtutors.com/epidemiological-literature-review-research-100-pts-for-this-assignment-you-must/ |
Can I prep roast the day before?
Advance prep
You can even peel and parboil your roasties a day ahead, then drain, cool, cover and chill until needed too.
Can I make pot roast the day before?
MAKE-AHEAD POT ROAST HAS ADVANTAGE OF LOSING MUCH OF ITS FAT. Pot roast is a traditional American favorite that tends to be high in fat because the cooking method used does not allow for the meat fat to drain off. To circumvent this problem, the trick is to make it the day before you plan to serve it.
Can you brown a pot roast the night before?
Plan ahead
If you’re going out to work, and everything is a mad dash in the morning, it’s easy to prepare ahead. You can prep your ingredients and brown any meat if necessary the night before, put everything into the slow cooker dish, cover it and keep it in the fridge overnight.
How long can you keep a pot roast in the fridge before cooking?
For raw ground meats, poultry, seafood and variety meats (liver, tongue, chitterlings, etc.), refrigerate them only 1 to 2 days before either cooking or freezing. Beef, veal, lamb and pork roasts, steaks and chops may be kept 3 to 5 days.
Can you partially cook a roast and finish later?
Never brown or partially cook meat or poultry to refrigerate and finish later because any bacteria present would not have been destroyed. It is safe to partially cook meat and poultry in the microwave or on the stove only if the food is transferred immediately to the hot grill to finish cooking.
Can you partially cook beef then finish later?
Partial Cooking or Browning: Never brown or partially cook beef, then refrigerate and finish cooking later, because any bacteria present would not have been destroyed. It is safe to partially pre-cook or microwave beef IMMEDIATELY before transferring it to a hot grill or oven to finish cooking.
Does pot roast taste better the next day?
Pot roast is a classic American meal, one of those hearty dishes that is particularly great when it’s cold, grey, or sleeting outside. It tastes even better the next day, doesn’t require any special equipment, and can be endlessly adapted to whatever makes you happiest to eat.
How do you keep a pot roast from drying out?
Another problem is overcooking the pot roast, leading to dry meat. Prevent this by ensuring you have enough braising liquid in the pot and don’t let it go dry. For smaller roasts under 3 pounds, check for doneness at two hours. For larger roasts, check three hours.
Do you put vegetables on top or bottom of pot roast?
Place firm, slow-cooking root vegetables like potatoes and carrots at the bottom of the crock and pile the meat on top. Set the heat level: A general rule of thumb is that cooking on the low setting (170 degrees F for most models) takes about twice as long as cooking on high (280 degrees F on most models).
Can I sear meat then put in fridge?
Never brown or partially cook beef to refrigerate and finish cooking later because any bacteria present wouldn’t have been destroyed.
How far in advance can you sear meat?
Bacteria die at high heat, which is why we cook our food for prolonged periods of time. They thrive at room temperature, hence why raw or cooked food items should never be left out on the counter for longer than 1-2 hours.
Can you put slow cooker pot in fridge?
No matter how safely you put slow cooker in the fridge, they should only be there for as long as 1 or 2 days. Manufacturers of crockpots will often suggest you to not put the dish inside of the fridge as a safety precaution.
Is it OK to leave pot roast out overnight?
If a perishable food (such as meat or poultry) has been left out at room temperature overnight (more than two hours) it may not be safe. Discard it, even though it may look and smell good. The Danger Zone is the temperature range between 40 °F and 140 °F in which bacteria can grow rapidly.
Can you leave a roast in the crockpot overnight?
The “Keep Warm” setting on slow cookers is usually between 145-165ºF (63-74ºC) which, according to the USDA, is hot enough to keep food safe and bacteria free indefinitely. So you can leave a cooked meal on warm in a slow cooker overnight without issue.
Can you overcook pot roast in a slow cooker?
All in all, you could end up with a mushy or tough pot roast if you cook it too long. If your slow cooker is a newer model, it may automatically switch to a warming setting so that your food doesn’t overcook while you’re away.
Can you pause a roast?
Whole birds must be fully cooked to 165 F, from start to finish. Once your bird is cooked, you can hold it safely at a temperature of higher than 140 F for an hour or two, or refrigerate it and later reheat it to 165 F.
Can you Recook undercooked meat?
There is a way to recook your food without overcooking it. If it’s only slightly undercooked, turn the heat back on, even if just enough for pan frying and once oil is hot again, put the meat back in the pan then cover. Cook over low heat for about 3 minutes. Cook longer if your meat is more than half cooked.
Can you pause a slow cooker?
“Technically, you could stop and restart a slow cooker for a short period of time if you don’t let the food get below 140 degrees Fahrenheit, but I wouldn’t risk it.”
Can you cook roast beef ahead of time?
Do Ahead: Beef can be roasted and browned 3 days ahead. Cover and chill. Let sit at room temperature 1–2 hours before serving.
Can I Recook beef?
Yes, you can safely reheat beef twice. Though the National Health Service (NHS) does not recommend reheating food more than once, you can still get around to safely reheating beef. Ensure that your beef is stored properly once it’s cooked. Maintain a good temperature and cooking time during the reheating process.
Can you cook meat twice?
There are no limits to how many times you can safely reheat leftover home-cooked meals. However, best practice is to limit the number of times you do so. More often than not, you wouldn’t need to reheat one type of dish more than once.
How do you store pot roast overnight?
Tips on storing pot roast
- Allow the pot roast to cool completely until it has reached room temperature before transferring the roast to a storage container.
- Place the meat in an airtight storage container, including some of the juices.
- Store any extra beef broth in a separate container.
How much liquid do I put in a crock pot for a roast?
Adding Liquid to a Crockpot When Cooking a Roast
You don’t have to add much liquid to the slow cooker when you are cooking a roast, but in this case there is 1 cup of wine and 1 cup of beef broth, which provides lots of flavorful cooking juices to drizzle over the meat after it has rested and been sliced.
Should you trim the fat off pot roast?
You trim off ALL the fat from the Chuck before cooking.
If you are making a stew and cut up the chuck roast into large chunks, it is totally fine to remove the bigger portions of fat if you wish, but please, for your sake, keep the nice, intramuscular fat.
Can you have too much liquid in pot roast?
You don’t need much broth. Pot roast is meant to be braised, which means cooking meat slowly over low heat with minimal liquid, covered. If you add too much water/broth, you are going to miss out on that roasty flavor that comes from the top part of the meat cooking above the liquid.
How do I make my pot roast tender?
A surefire way to make a tender, juicy pot roast is through braising; that is, cooking the meat in a small amount of liquid in a tightly covered pot at low temperature. Stove top roast recipes can be customized with your choice of herbs, vegetables, potatoes, and liquid braising mixtures.
Why is my pot roast not falling apart?
If the meat is not falling apart, it needs to cook longer. When the meat is done, take it out of the pot and set aside. Scrape the fat off the top of the beef liquid. Taste the sauce- you may need to add salt or pepper.
When should I add my potatoes to crock pot roast?
The potatoes and carrots should only be added during the last 45 minutes of cooking so they don’t overcook.
What kind of onion is best for pot roast?
Yellow Onions
This is one of the best onions to use when cooking almost anything. Use them when making meat dishes (roasted chicken, pot roast, rack of lamb etc.) or as a base for many sauces, stews and soups. Yellow onions are also higher in vitamin C as compared to other onion varieties.
Is it better to cook a roast on high or low?
If you are short on time, cooking on high is fine, but for a really succulent fall-apart roast try to cook it on LOW if you can. Leaner cuts of meat tend to come out better when cooked on HIGH for a shorter length of time.
Frequent Searches Leading to This Page
Can you make pot roast ahead of time, Can i make pot roast a day ahead, Can you cook roast beef the day before, Preparing roast beef the night before, How to reheat pot roast, Make ahead roast beef for a crowd, Do i peel potatoes for pot roast, Make ahead pot roast. | https://voteforbell.com/can-i-prepare-a-pot-roast-the-night-before/ |
Selectorate Theory is a game theoretic theory of politics and power that aims to explain political behavior and structure as a consequence of a leader’s motivation to gain power and keep it as long as he can.
The theory posits that no leader can rule alone, and thus always has to satisfy some amount of key people. in autocracies that number is small, and in democracies that number is large.
The theory separates the rest of the population (apart from the leader) into three groups.
interchangeables—are those who can influence the selection of the president (e.g, anyone who has voting rights)
influentials—are those who actually influence (e.g, those who actually end up voting)
essentials—those who’s support is essential for the selection of the leader (e.g, the minimum amount of voters needed to be elected and the electoral college)
Leaders satisfy the essentials by giving them rewards. the more essentials there are the more expensive it is to reward them privately, and the more it’s worth to create public goods from which both they and everyone else benefit. which is how the theory explains the difference between the amount of public goods in democracies versus autocracies.
The less essentials there are the easier it is to satisfy them and stay in control. thus a leader’s incentive is to keep the amount of essentials as low as possible.
the incentive of the influentials and interchangeables is to increase the amount of essentials there are, such that the leader would have to use public goods to satisfy them.
The essentials incentive, when there are very few essentials, is to have even fewer, and thus align with the leader’s. but past a certain point the essentials start to prefer having more essentials and more public goods rather than to have a small amount of essentials and gain private rewards—which then becomes contrary to the leaders goal, which stayed the same.
In the dictator’s handbook the authors describe 5 rules which every leader must follow in order to gain power and keep it:
(1) The smaller the winning coalition the fewer people to satisfy to remain in control. (2) Having a large nominal selectorate gives a pool of potential people to replace dissenters in coalition. (3) Maintain control of revenue flows to redistribute to your friends. (4) But only pay friends enough that they will not consider overthrowing you and at the same time little enough so that they depend on you. (5) Don’t take your friends’ money and redistribute it to the masses. (Wikipedia)
The theory was developed by Bruce Bueno de Mesquita, Alastair Smith, Randolph M. Siverson, James D. Morrow, and introduced in The Logic of Political Survival and The Dictator’s Handbook. | https://www.greaterwrong.com/tag/selectorate-theory |
Exxaro Resources Limited's disclosure of environmental non-compliances in annual reports
Exxaro’s company reports contain some information on environmental non-compliances.
2009 company reports
During the 2009 reporting period, dust rates exceeded permitted standards 12 times.1 There were also 5 exceedances of the permitted particulate matter (PM) rate at KZN Sands and 1 exceedance of SO₂ at Zincor.2 Exxaro has an incident reporting system which categorises incidents on a level of 1 to 3 depending on severity (3 being the most severe). The 2009 report reported 20 Level 2 incidents.3 These included:
- overflow of contaminated water into a clean area;
- stack exceedance of Atmospheric Pollution Prevention Act permit requirements;
- pollution dam spill into clean area;
- excessive smoke and particulate matter;
- soil pollution from coal spillage;
- water and soil pollution caused by flooding of sewage treatment plant;
- leaching of run-of-mine pipeline into neighbouring property;
- erosion of sensitive area following rainfall; and
- coal and hydrocarbon spillage.4
There were also 1361 Level 1 incidents during the reporting period.5
2010 company reports
Exceedance of the permitted dust rate was also reported in the 2010 Annual Report6 as were 2 exceedances of PM at KZN Sands.7 A directive was also issued by the Department of Water Affairs due to mining operations intruding onto a wetland area during the year.8 During the reporting period, there were 931 Level 1 incidents and 30 Level 2 incidents.9 The Level 2 incidents included:
- accidental diversion of reclaimed slimes dam water to an unlined slimes dam causing localised pollution;
- discovery of graves during mining;
- the breaking of a slit damwall resulting in slurry running into field;
- the failure of a slimes transfer pipeline;
- sediment washing into river due to breach in berm;
- discoloration of river;
- slimes spraying onto neighbouring property;
- surface runoff to neighbouring properties resulting in damage to crops;
- stack emission exceedance;
- sewage discharge;
- coal sediment and contaminated water spill into clean environment;
- pollution dam overflow; and
- evaporation dam overflow.10
2011 company reports
In the 2011 Annual Report it was reported that there had been 28 Level 2 incidents and again exceedances of the dust limit.11 In this report it was also noted that the company’s compliance with environmental and water use legislation at mines in Mpumalanga “was an issue raised by stakeholders”.12
No further information on environmental non-compliances is provided, other than the statement by Exxaro that “no material incidents of non-compliance occurred in 2011″.13
2012 company reports
In 2012, exceedances of permitted dust limits were again reported.14 The following fines and directives were also reported to have been issued during the reporting period:
- at the North Block Complex, the above ground diesel tank was authorised following a fine for non-compliance;
- Grootegeluk was instructed to clean up its industrial waste;
- Leeuwpan received notices from Department of Water Affairs for mining activities close to a wetland area (dealt with below under ‘Community, media and NGO reports’);
- at the North Block Complex a directive was received from the Department of Water Affairs for not having a water use licence;
- a directive was also issued by the Mpumalanga Department of Mineral Resources requesting information on rehabilitation activities and water management; and
- Tshikondeni received a notice from the Department of Water Affairs Limpopo on water compliance gaps.15
There were also 11 Level 2 incidents and 411 Level 1 incidents.16 The Level 2 incidents included the following:
- overspray from mining activities;
- exceedances of stack emission limits and air quality standards;
- smelter spillages;
- overflow of subsurface drainage;
- oil spill;
- water overflow into Veld; and
- water flowing into mini-pits resulting in potential groundwater pollution.17
2013 company reports
In the 2013 report it was reported that there had been 7 Level 2 incidents.18 There had also been 175 Level 1 incidents.19 The Level 2 incidents related to: | https://fulldisclosure.cer.org.za/2015/company/exxaro-resources-ltd?disclosure |
You’re transitioning. Your body is equipped to process a high intake of carbs and a lower intake of fat. Your body needs to create enzymes to be able to do this. In the transitional period, the brain may run low on energy which can lead to grogginess, nausea, and headaches. If you’re having a large problem with this, you can choose to reduce carb intake gradually.
The Mayo Clinic Diet is a long-term weight management program created by a team of weight-loss experts at Mayo Clinic. The Mayo Clinic Diet is designed to help you reshape your lifestyle by adopting healthy new habits and breaking unhealthy old ones. The goal is to make simple, pleasurable changes that will result in a healthy weight that you can maintain for the rest of your life. | http://www.weight-loss-zone.com/how-to-ketone-diet.html |
One of the luckiest things that can happen to you in life is to have a happy childhood.
—Agatha Christie in An Autobiography
—Agatha Christie in An Autobiography
Dame Agatha Mary Clarissa Christie, Lady Mallowan, (née Miller; 15 September 1890 – 12 January 1976) was an English writer known for her 66 detective novels and 14 short story collections, particularly those revolving around fictional detectives Hercule Poirot and Miss Marple. She also wrote the world's longest-running play, the...
We owe most of our great inventions and most of the achievements of genius to idleness — either enforced or voluntary. The human mind prefers to be spoon-fed with the thoughts of others, but deprived of such nourishment it will, reluctantly, begin to think for itself — and such thinking, remember, is original thinking and may have valuable results.
But surely for everything you have to love you have to pay some price.
Working hard feels good. Of course it's exhausting and stressful and causes you to miss a party or two, but at the end of the day it is so rewarding. One of the best feelings in the world is when you know that luck didn't play a role in your success. Doing work eliminates the need for luck.
—Lilly Singh in How to Be a Bawse
Formula for success: rise early, work hard, strike oil.
Nothing is as obnoxious as other people's luck.
Success is simply a matter of luck. Ask any failure. | https://quodid.com/quotes/1470/agatha-christie/one-of-the-luckiest-things-that-can-happen |
Flower Power: Girls Scouts troop earns Bronze Award, prepares for Garden Fest
LOYALSOCK TOWNSHIP — Planting 250 plants, Girls Scout Troop 61372 of North East Lycoming County, ages 10-12, learned about mulching, gardening and much more from the Lycoming County Master Gardeners Edythe DeMarco and Jean Cleveland while working on their Flower Power project, earning their Bronze Award, said Wanda Pardoe, co-leader for Troop 61372.
The Bronze Award project is sustainable and can be passed along and continued, it is not a one-time activity, Pardoe said. The Bronze Award is one of the highest a Girl Scout can earn, along with silver and gold. Each award has different requirements. Troop 61372 are Juniors and next year they will be a Cadet Troop.
Last year, the Troop earned their gardening badge, Pardoe said. The Girl Scouts worked with DeMarco and Cleveland on the annual flower bed for their Flower Power project where they learned more about gardening, DeMarco said. Plants were donated by Helminiak’s Greenhouse.
They picked flowers, planted and mulched their plants, such as geraniums, among others, on May 30 and will be going back to the Lysock View Complex to tend to their plants, Pardoe said. They planted short, tall and potted plants.
The Troop worked together and learned about gardening, digging holes deep enough for plants, height differences, worms and names of plants, Pardoe said. For Pardoe, she learned about how to pull and loosen roots before planting them.
“It was very educational to see the girls work with the ladies from Master Gardeners and pass on their wisdom. The girls learned so much from them, and we are gonna go soon and learn how to prune. It really was a outdoor classroom,” said Carol Biichle, leader for Troop 61372.
“We’re hoping other troops can help the Master Gardeners in the future and build a relationship,” Pardoe said. “One of the girls said it made her feel good doing something for the community.” “It was nice to see them work with the Earth.”
The flowers will be watered, weeded and pinched back, a term used for cutting off the old flowers, during the summer to prepare for the annual Garden Fest, at 9 a.m. Aug. 11, Lysock View Complex, 542 County Farm Road, DeMarco said. The Garden Fest is open to the public and free. There will be several speakers there.
Girl Scouts Maria Pardoe, Mallory Biichle, Kendall Cohick, Chloe Huff and Mariah Murphy participated and earned their Bronze Award, DeMarco said.
“My favorite part was learning different plant names and picking out the different types of plants,” said Maria Pardoe, a Girl Scout of Troop 61372. “I just really like plants and nature, and I like to garden.”
In addition to earning their Bronze Award and gardening badge, the girls also earned a caring badge by working with kids from Hope, a safety badge, helped Meals on Wheels at Thanksgiving and attended a STEM fair at the hospital where they viewed the O.R. and spoke with cardiologists, Pardoe said. They went to Hershey Park after fundraising through their cookie booths. As Cadets, they will continue working on earning other badges.
“We try to have the serve as well as be served … because we serve them as leaders and teach them things but we also think it’s important for them to serve the community,” Pardoe said.
For those interested in joining Girl Scouts, call 1-800-692-7812 or email [email protected]. | https://www.sungazette.com/life/lifestyle-news/2018/06/flower-power-girls-scouts-troop-earns-bronze-award-prepares-for-garden-fest/ |
Please refer to the specific study period for contact information.
Overview
|Availability|
Semester 2
|Fees||Look up fees|
AIMS
In this subject students will learn the theory and applications of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), such as the Global Positioning Systems (GPS). The subject focuses on high precision GNSS, their design and fundamental operational characteristics, strengths and weaknesses, error sources and mitigation, measurement and data processing techniques. It is a pre requisite for the subject GEOM90039 Advanced Surveying and Mapping. The subject is of broad relevance to students with an interest in technology or to those specifically wishing to establish a career in engineering, mining or cadastral surveying, but is also relevant to a range of mapping, spatial, land surveying and civil engineering disciplines where the capture and processing of spatial or survey measurements to meet a specific performance specification should be considered.
INDICATIVE CONTENT
High precision GPS surveying, Global Navigation Satellite Systems, GPS measurements, Differential GPS, GPS reference station networks, GPS errors, ellipsoidal heights, geodetic datum, geoid, GPS data processing.
NOTE: An intensive learning period of approximately 3-4 days will be conducted as part of this subject. The exact dates and venue will be confirmed at the start of the subject.
Intended learning outcomes
INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES (ILO)
On completion of this subject the student is expected to:
- Describe the operation of available satellite positioning systems such as GPS
- Discuss the error sources for GPS and how they impact on the achievable positioning accuracies
- Plan and design a real-world high precision GPS positioning task
- Use high precision GPS receiver hardware to collect measurement data for real-time and post processed GPS positioning
- Use commercial GPS processing software to generate GPS solutions and undertake a robust analysis of the solution quality.
Generic skills
On completion of this subject students will have the:
- Ability to communicate effectively, with the engineering team and with the community at large
- Ability to manage information and documentation
- Ability to function effectively as an individual and in multidisciplinary and multicultural teams, as a team leader or manager as well as an effective team member
- Ability to undertake problem identification, formulation, and solution
- Understanding of social, cultural, global, and environmental responsibilities and the need to employ principles of sustainable development
- Capacity for creativity and innovation
- Understanding of professional and ethical responsibilities, and commitment to them
- Capacity for lifelong learning and professional development.
Last updated: 6 December 2019
Eligibility and requirements
Prerequisites
None
Corequisites
None
Non-allowed subjects
None
Inherent requirements (core participation requirements)
The University of Melbourne is committed to providing students with reasonable adjustments to assessment and participation under the Disability Standards for Education (2005), and the Assessment and Results Policy (MPF1326). Students are expected to meet the core participation requirements for their course. These can be viewed under Entry and Participation Requirements for the course outlines in the Handbook.
Further details on how to seek academic adjustments can be found on the Student Equity and Disability Support website: http://services.unimelb.edu.au/student-equity/home
Last updated: 6 December 2019
Assessment
Additional details
- 3-hour written examination (50%) held in the end of semester examination period. Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs) 1 to 5 are addressed in the examination
- Three written assignment reports (50%) totalling approximately 2500 words, requiring approximately 65 hours of work, due evenly across the semester. ILOs 1 to 5 are addressed in the reports
Hurdle requirement: Students must achieve a grade of at least 50% in the examination in order to pass the subject.
Last updated: 6 December 2019
Dates & times
- Semester 2
Coordinator Amir Khodabandeh Mode of delivery On Campus — Parkville Contact hours 48 hours (Lectures: 2 hour per week; Practicals: 2 hours per week) Total time commitment 200 hours Teaching period 29 July 2019 to 27 October 2019 Last self-enrol date 9 August 2019 Census date 31 August 2019 Last date to withdraw without fail 27 September 2019 Assessment period ends 22 November 2019
Semester 2 contact information
Dr Amir Khodabandeh
Time commitment details
200 hours
Last updated: 6 December 2019
Further information
- Texts
Prescribed texts
There are no specifically prescribed or recommended texts for this subject.
- Subject notes
LEARNING AND TEACHING METHODS
This subject is delivered through a combination of presentations and practical exercises which have been integrated to complement each other. Presentations are used to communicate the necessary theoretical concepts which are then reinforced through the field practical exercise. A significant field exercise submitted at the end of the subject is designed to synthesise the knowledge accumulated across the semester.
INDICATIVE KEY LEARNING RESOURCES
User and technical manuals for GPS receivers used in practical exercises.
CAREERS / INDUSTRY LINKS
Presenters from relevant technology manufacturers will provide students with access the state-of-the-art technology in satellite positioning systems. These industry participants will demonstrate best practice in the use of currently available GNSS technology and software as well as discuss industry case study applications that showcase the application and use of high precision GNSS hardware, associated infrastructure and internationally available resources.
- Related Handbook entries
This subject contributes to the following:
Type Name Course Master of Philosophy - Engineering Course Doctor of Philosophy - Engineering Course Ph.D.- Engineering Specialisation (formal) Environmental Specialisation (formal) Spatial Specialisation (formal) Spatial Specialisation (formal) Civil
- Available through the Community Access Program
About the Community Access Program (CAP)
This subject is available through the Community Access Program (also called Single Subject Studies) which allows you to enrol in single subjects offered by the University of Melbourne, without the commitment required to complete a whole degree.
Entry requirements including prerequisites may apply. Please refer to the CAP applications page for further information.
Additional information for this subject
Subject coordinator approval required
- Available to Study Abroad and/or Study Exchange Students
This subject is available to students studying at the University from eligible overseas institutions on exchange and study abroad. Students are required to satisfy any listed requirements, such as pre- and co-requisites, for enrolment in the subject. | https://handbook.unimelb.edu.au/2019/subjects/geom90033/print |
Is short-term mission worth it? It’s an important question that many people ask; in fact, it’s a question we ask before ever sending a short-term worker to a country. Clarissa felt led to Cambodia for her Serve Asia trip, but because of the timing, the host questioned whether it was worth her coming. Paul shares from his point of view about hosting a Serve Asia worker.
What were your reservations about hosting Clarissa?
When Clarissa applied to work as my intern at the Royal University of Fine Arts (RUFA) in Cambodia, I was ambivalent. Would her Serve Asia placement be worth the organisational effort half way through the academic year?
You spoke with her via Skype before she came. What was that like?
The Serve Asia coordinator for Canada had journeyed with her well; persevering to arrange an autumn 2016 Skype call with me in Phnom Penh. Clarissa had completed the Serve Asia application process and wanted to work with me for the first four months of 2017 as I lectured in Urban Design at RUFA.
I concluded the Skype call by advising her that I couldn’t give her any assurance of practice or experience as the Cambodian university environment I was in could be ‘changeable.’ I encouraged her to be as flexible as possible with both her expectations and practice. None of this managed to prevent her from coming at the start of January!
After she had been in Cambodia for some time, did you still have reservations or feel her coming was a waste?
Four months later I concluded that Clarissa’s placement was very worthwhile and a privilege to host. From the moment she arrived in Cambodia her attitude was always positive and willing to ‘have a go…’ even though she was nervous and sometimes out of her depth.
By April, Clarissa had created great connections with a number of students (something I could never do as their teacher); spending time with them, befriending and witnessing to them.
She also produced some excellent urban design work that included a translated book of interviews, exhibition publicity and an architectural tract. Clarissa had also learned more about her own character and future life ambitions.
Hosting a Serve Asia worker like Clarissa was worth the organisational effort. It was great to journey with her for those four months of short-term mission and to see God working through her personally and with the people she connected with too. I look forward to seeing what the future holds for Clarissa.
Initially it seemed like it might be a waste of time and resources for Clarissa to go on this trip to Cambodia. Yet, God used her to bless others and connect with students in a way that wasn’t possible for Paul, the long-term worker to do. Together, short-term and long-term workers can make a stronger team and work together to accomplish God’s will in mission. If you’d like to read about Clarissa’s story, she shares what life is like after a short-term mission trip. | https://omf.org/blog/2018/07/25/a-long-term-missionary-shares-is-short-term-mission-worth-the-effort/ |
The medical device maker Covidien has recalled the Trellis 6 and Trellis 8 Peripheral Infusion systems because of a labeling error that could lead to patient injury or death.
The Trellis Peripheral Infusion system is used to treat blood clots that may form in the veins or arteries of the arms, hands, legs, or feet, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) explains. The systems use two balloons that are inflated to isolate a clot. Medication released between the balloons reduces the size of or dissolves the clot so it can be removed. In the affected devices, the balloon inflation ports are mislabeled and if the balloons are deflated in the incorrect order, the blood clot could dislodge and move into the lungs. Depending on the size of the clot, there is the possibility of serious patient injury or death.
The FDA said that 1126 affected units were distributed in the U.S. from June 6, 2014 to November 13, 2014. The recalled units are Trellis 6 models BVT608010, BVT608030, BVT612010, BVT612030; and Trellis 8 models CVT808015, CVT808025, CVT812015, EVT808015, EVT808025, EVT812015V01, EVT812025V01. A full list of the lot numbers for recalled models can be found in the recall notice on the FDA web site.
Covidien sent customers an urgent product recall letter dated December 15, 2014, instructing them to discontinue use of the Trellis 6 and 8 infusion systems and return the systems to Covidien.
This is a Class I recall, the FDA’s most serious recall category, reserved for situations in which there is a reasonable probability that use of the product will cause serious adverse health consequences or death. | https://www.yourlawyer.com/newsinferno/fda-class-i-recall-for-covidien-trellis-6-and-trellis-8-infusion-systems/ |
To a three-year old, your seventy-year-old grandmother might just as well be two hundred years old. The sheer number of years is too incomprehensibly high to make sense of anyway. To a child of ten, age continues to be a quite abstract concept, but you may have some vague idea of your grandparents or great-grandparents pulling down blackout blinds during World War II. At the age of thirty-five time starts whizzing by at greatly increased speeds, and once you are in your forties things happen so quickly that 150 years is actually a time frame you can relate to. At the age of seventy you wonder at how your strength seems to vane – especially because you remember your childhood as if it were yesterday. This is also an age where many people read biographies with a voracious appetite, perhaps in order to carry out more or less subconscious comparisons: What can you do in a lifetime? How much can you achieve? Which choices proved the decisive ones? Will the impact of any of those choices still be felt a hundred years from now?
Such thoughts passed through my head when I recently visited Dominique Gonzalez-Foerster’s retrospective, Dominique Gonzalez-Foerster 1887-2058, at the Centre Pompidou in Paris. This may seem hardly surprising given the retrospective format of the exhibition, but strangely enough this was actually the first time that a retrospective exhibition has had that effect on me. Perhaps my age (43) has finally enabled me to experience retrospective views in a new and different way, but even without such considerations there is certainly something special about the way in which the 50-year-old Dominique Gonzalez-Foerster handles this particular challenge.
By now we have often seen such retrospectives give rise to quite a lot of conceptual antics and contortions – particularly in connection with the 1990s generation of artists to which Gonzalez-Foerster belongs. This is partly because such retrospectives take place at increasingly early stages of each artist’s life and career. For it was with this generation that the exhibition industry boomed. Never before have there been so many exhibitions, so many institutions for contemporary art and so many artists with constant jetlag. So when the artists from Gonzalez-Foerster’s generation (and league) reached their forties, they had already staged so many exhibitions that there was plenty to look back on. Hence the rise of the mid-career retrospective, a special format that numerous artists from that generation have already been subjected to several times. Artists such as Olafur Eliasson and Elmgreen & Dragset seem to have had countless shows of this kind. Often, these exhibitions are marked by a kernel of panic nestling at their innermost, subconscious core: the invitation to stage a retrospective quite obviously prompts a sudden sense of mortality, and so artists will often strive to recontextualise their oeuvre with startling displays and devices that demonstrate that they are still evolving, still alive.
Even though Gonzalez-Foerster undoubtedly scatters a tremendous amount of perspectives and narratives out across the thirty works selected for the exhibition, you never get that sense of panic. Perhaps this is because she appears to own the format to a quite unusual degree. She plunges so deeply into the format that it feels as if she inhabits the exhibition.
I entered the exhibition three times, and I finally sat down in a sitting chair in front of the entrance in order to replay the situation in slow-motion. A very strange atmosphere pervades the very first part of the exhibition. You arrive by an escalator to the Galerie Sud – the place where the Pompidou usually presents solo exhibitions of contemporary art – and present your ticket to the guard. It then seems as if the classic Brasilia Hall (1998) is the first work on display – an installation consisting of a grass-green carpet, red neon on the wall spelling out the word “Brasil”, and a film about the modernist city of Brasila, which aimed for open, democratic spaces with multiple horizons. Given the multi-facetted approaches seen in this exhibition, this work would indeed have been a reasonable opening act for a Gonzalez-Foerster retrospective. But in fact the exhibition begins before this point – in the glass-lined room that juts out from the façade facing the large square outside. This is where the sitting chair is. It is also where the guard sits, and you will find a few plants and a couple of exhibition catalogues for you to leaf through. At first glance it seems that the amount of glass prevents this space from being used to exhibit anything, and so we perceive it as a kind of lobby or reading room. But appearances can be deceptive: we are already deeply immersed in the story.
Sitting in my chair, I review a timeline on the wall. It defines the two extremes on the exhibition’s timescale: 1887 and 2058. The first, “1887: Construction du Splendide Hotel”, states the year of the construction of Palacio de Cristal in Madrid, a former greenhouse, where Gonzalez-Foerster exhibited the work Splendide Hotel in 2014; a work that takes a classic Gonzalez-Foerster approach as it embroils itself in Ray Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 411 and Rimbaud’s Illuminations. The last year on the timeline, “2058: T.H.2058, Londres”, is a reference to the future scenario of T.H.2058, which Gonzalez-Foerster presented at Tate London’s Turbine Hall in 2008: a work which installed 229 bunk beds among classic works of modern sculpture by artists such as Calder and Bourgeois. Supplemented by pocketbook editions of science fiction literature, the installation offers a vision of a shelter created to hold people after a future climate disaster. This is to say that the exhibition title eschews the usual practice of referring to the oldest and most recent works on display; instead it describes the artistic-mental span of time – from past to future – that Gonzalez-Foerster has worked with through the years.
From the timeline we may deduce that the exhibition itself starts in 1977, the year in which the newly opened Centre Pompidou showed a Duchamp exhibition that not only presented a number of iconic works, but also included plenty of potted palms scattered throughout the exhibition. This apparently left quite an imprint on the memory of the young Gonzalez-Foerster, who was twelve at the time, for you are transported to that setting as you sit in the sitting chair – next to a palm and a large photograph that has been printed onto transparent self-adhesive film and attached to one of the large windows; the photo shows Le Grand Verre as it was installed at the Pompidou in 1977. There is also a tall plinth topped by an empty cube-shaped glass display case – a work by the artist and collaborator Philippe Parreno, whose retrospective was held in 2013 at Palais de Tokyo, coinciding with the time when the third contributor to this generational partnership, Pierre Huyghe, had an exhibition at this very same spot, the Galerie Sud at the Pompidou. Now, then, we see that Parreno and Duchamp, in his “Pompidou 1977” guise, have been added to the mix.
This means that – in an utterly transparent, yet also very Duchampian roundabout manner – the seemingly empty, glass-encased space with the empty display case and “the large glass” constitutes a kind of starting point for the entire exhibition; a beginning that deals with the grandest narratives possible – institution, art, generation. This is just one example of the wealth of subtle associations and interweaved references found in this exhibition; the sheer number of such allusions sets your head spinning.
If looking-through–Le-Grand-Verre is one of the retrospective approaches taken in this exhibition, there are also other perspectives which take a more direct, 1:1 approach to the general ideas about lived life and art. In the autobiographical Equinimod & Costumes from 2014, Gonzalez-Foerster presents a room in which her private photographs, drawings, and – notably – her clothes from the 1960s to the present day are now up on the wall. At first glance this seems quite far removed from the platform works of her youth, showing empty teenage bedrooms from the 1970s or empty office spaces. It seems as if the invitation to stage a retrospective prompted her to jump right into her own narratives – to take centre stage on all the platforms, something which they did not exactly invite when they were first made back in those happy days of relational aesthetics. At times it almost feels as if she is having fun dressing herself in her past oeuvre as a kind of drag act.
The exhibition has quite a non-hierarchical layout, with labyrinthine sequences of partially empty rooms, environments and passages, but in what we perceive to be the heart – or engine room – of the exhibition we find the film screening room, which shows a sequence of eight films in total. One of the funniest is De Novo from 2009, which shows Gonzalez-Foerster sitting at a table in a restaurant as she relates the story of the four times she was invited to take part in the Venice Biennial. The narrative is very much about expectations and disappointments. The first time, in 1990, she was disappointed by the exhibition venue, a former prison at San Marco. It did not feel as if she were truly part of the exhibition. The same happened in 1993, when she exhibited in the lagoon itself – the work was under water. In 2000 she finally exhibited at the main exhibition, but suffered a breakdown during the installation because she repeatedly saw people ambling in to see the installation prior to the opening, before the film was up and running and before the carpet had been laid: “It was as if people were trampling around inside my head, in my mental space.”
In 2003 she received her fourth invitation to contribute to the Arsenale exhibition Utopia Station. It was a difficult time, she relates. She was all emptied out, had no ideas. The only idea that came to her was to write the letters U-T-O-P-I-A in a circle … She ended up showing an entirely darkened space with black holes inside. The question of how these black holes were constructed is not made clear, but at any rate visitors would walk around the darkened space, discussing whether they could see the black holes. “I knew then that I had to take a break form art,” says Gonzalez-Foerster drily to the camera. The film itself was shown at the Venice Biennial in 2009; this was the fifth time Gonzalez-Foerster was invited to contribute.
At the age of fifty you may have seen enough, read enough and experienced enough to be able to envision how little or how much will happen in the decades that follow. Perhaps you can picture the idea of a forty-three year period until 2058 – the end point of this retrospective. At that point she will be 93. Perhaps that is roughly the age that the women of the Gonzalez-Foerster family reach before they die. But as we have established, the exhibition title – 1887-2058 – is also about the period of time that Gonzalez-Foerster has specifically addressed, artistically and mentally, and you could certainly say that this is plenty of ground to have covered within a single oeuvre. When you have done this, perhaps you have done enough. On the other hand Gonzalez-Foerster has closed no doors, burnt no bridges. Who is to say that she will not create a work inspired by Napoleon’s bedroom or come up with a future tableaux from Senegal anno 2105?
I have only met Dominique Gonzalez-Foerster once. It is unlikely that she remembers. But I do, for it was a very special day. It was the morning after I kissed my boyfriend for the first time. We met her at breakfast at his hotel, where she was also staying. I think it was in Basel in 1899. | http://www.kunstkritikk.no/kritikk/dressed-for-the-future/ |
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Citations of:
Nothing at Stake in Knowledge
David Rose, Edouard Machery, Stephen Stich, Mario Alai, Adriano Angelucci, Renatas Berniūnas, Emma E. Buchtel, Amita Chatterjee, Hyundeuk Cheon, In-Rae Cho, Daniel Cohnitz, Florian Cova, Vilius Dranseika, Ángeles Eraña Lagos, Laleh Ghadakpour, Maurice Grinberg, Ivar Hannikainen, Takaaki Hashimoto, Amir Horowitz, Evgeniya Hristova, Yasmina Jraissati, Veselina Kadreva, Kaori Karasawa, Hackjin Kim, Yeonjeong Kim, Minwoo Lee, Carlos Mauro, Masaharu Mizumoto, Sebastiano Moruzzi, Christopher Y. Olivola, Jorge Ornelas, Barbara Osimani, Carlos Romero, Alejandro Rosas Lopez, Massimo Sangoi, Andrea Sereni, Sarah Songhorian, Paulo Sousa, Noel Struchiner, Vera Tripodi, Naoki Usui, Alejandro Vázquez del Mercado, Giorgio Volpe, Hrag Abraham Vosgerichian, Xueyi Zhang & Jing Zhu
Noûs 53 (1):224-247 (2019)
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A striking feature of our memories of the personal past is that they involve different visual perspectives: one sometimes recalls past events from one’s original point of view (a field perspective), but one sometimes recalls them from an external point of view (an observer perspective). In philosophy, observer memories are often seen as being less than fully genuine and as being necessarily false or distorted. This paper looks at whether laypeople share the standard philosophical view by applying the methods of (...)
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If there is pragmatic encroachment in epistemology, whether a person knows that p can vary with normative facts about her actions—including facts that do not bear on the truth or likelihood of p. This paper raises an underappreciated question for defenders of pragmatic encroachment: which of the many norms on action are distinctively connected to knowledge? To the extent that contemporary defenders of pragmatic encroachment address this question, they do so by citing norms of ‘practical rationality.’ I show that this (...)
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In order to be doing something intentionally, must one know that one is doing it? Some philosophers have answered yes. Our aim is to test a version of this knowledge thesis, what we call the Knowledge/Awareness Thesis, or KAT. KAT states that an agent is doing something intentionally only if he knows that he is doing it or is aware that he is doing it. Here, using vignettes featuring skilled action and vignettes featuring habitual action, we provide evidence that, in (...)
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Orthodoxy in the contemporary debate on knowledge ascriptions holds that the truth‐value of knowledge ascriptions is purely a matter of truth‐relevant factors. One familiar challenge to orthodoxy comes from intuitive practical factor effects . But practical factor effects turn out to be hard to confirm in experimental studies, and where they have been confirmed, they may seem easy to explain away. We suggest a novel experimental paradigm to show that practical factor effects exist. It trades on the idea that people (...)
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In a recent paper, Joshua Knobe offers a startling account of the metaphilosophical implications of findings in experimental philosophy. We argue that Knobe’s account is seriously mistaken, and that it is based on a radically misleading portrait of recent work in experimental philosophy and cultural psychology.
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Evidence from life science, cognitive science, and philosophy supports the hypothesis that knowledge is a central norm of the human practice of assertion. However, to date, the experimental evidence supporting this hypothesis is limited to American anglophones. If the hypothesis is correct, then such findings will not be limited to one language or culture. Instead, we should find a strong connection between knowledge and assertability across human languages and cultures. To begin testing this prediction, we conducted three experiments on Koreans (...)
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Knowledge ascriptions depend on so-called non-traditional factors. For instance, we become less inclined to ascribe knowledge when it’s important to be right, or once we are reminded of possible sources of error. A number of potential explanations of this data have been proposed in the literature. They include revisionary semantic explanations based on epistemic contextualism and revisionary metaphysical explanations based on anti-intellectualism. Classical invariantists reject such revisionary proposals and hence face the challenge to provide an alternative account. The most prominent (...)
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We provide new findings that add to the growing body of empirical evidence that important epistemic intuitions converge across cultures. Specifically, we selected three recent studies conducted in the US that reported surprising effects of knowledge attribution among English speakers. We translated the vignettes used in those studies into Mandarin Chinese and Korean and then ran the studies with participants in Mainland China, Taiwan, and South Korea. We found that, strikingly, all three of the effects first obtained in the US (...)
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Academics across widely ranging disciplines all pursue knowledge, but they do so using vastly different methods. Do these academics therefore also have different ideas about when someone possesses knowledge? Recent experimental findings suggest that intuitions about when individuals have knowledge may vary across groups; in particular, the concept of knowledge espoused by the discipline of philosophy may not align with the concept held by laypeople. Across two studies, we investigate the concept of knowledge held by academics across seven disciplines (N (...)
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Plausibly, how much is at stake in some salient practical task can affect how generously people ascribe knowledge of task-relevant facts. There is a metaphysical puzzle about this phenomenon, and an empirical puzzle. Metaphysically: there are competing theories about when and how practical stakes affect whether it is correct to ascribe knowledge. Which of these theories is the right one? Empirically: experimental philosophy has struggled to find a stakes-effect on people’s knowledge ascriptions. Is the alleged phenomenon just a philosopher’s fantasy? (...)
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This essay provides a novel argument for impurism, the view that certain non-truth-relevant factors can make a difference to a belief's epistemic standing. I argue that purists, unlike impurists, are forced to claim that certain ‘high-stakes’ cases rationally require agents to be akratic. Akrasia is one of the paradigmatic forms of irrationality. So purists, in virtue of calling akrasia rationally mandatory in a range of cases with no obvious precedent, take on a serious theoretical cost. By focusing on akrasia, and (...)
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The Argument from Principles, the primary motivation for impurism or pragmatic encroachment theories in epistemology, is often presented as an argument for everyone—an argument that proceeds from harmless premises about the nature of rationally permissible action to the surprising conclusion that one’s knowledge is partly determined by one’s practical situation. This paper argues that the Argument from Principles is far from neutral, as it presupposes the falsity of one of impurism’s main competitors: epistemic contextualism. As a consequence, hybrid positions combining (...)
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Thinking Off Your Feet: How Empirical Psychology Vindicates Armchair Philosophy, by Michael Strevens. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2019. Pp. xii + 345.
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Sackris and Beebe (2014) report the results of a series of studies that seem to show that there are cases in which many people are willing to attribute knowledge to a protagonist even when her belief is unjustified. These results provide some reason to conclude that the folk concept of knowledge does not treat justification as necessary for its deployment. In this paper, we report a series of results that can be seen as supporting this conclusion by going some way (...)
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ABSTRACTSilencing is a practice that disrupts linguistic and communicative acts, but its relationship to knowledge and justice is not fully understood. Prior models of epistemic injustice tend to c...
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Appendix 1 was incomplete in the initial online publication. The original article has been corrected. | https://philarchive.org/citations/ROSNAS-6 |