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Structure is seen on the largest measurable scales (e.g. de Lapparent. Cellar IIuchra 1986). | Structure is seen on the largest measurable scales (e.g. de Lapparent, Gellar Huchra 1986). |
To determine whether the effects. of clustering are significant we constructed a radial density profile. as shown in Fig. | To determine whether the effects of clustering are significant we constructed a radial density profile, as shown in Fig. |
9. | 9. |
This was derived from those bins for which more than 100 galaxies are seen over the whole range from 0.015<z«0.12 (Le. 19.75«Al«18.75 and 21.1«pi.< 22.6). | This was derived from those bins for which more than 100 galaxies are seen over the whole range from $0.015<z<0.12$ (i.e. $-19.75 < M < -18.75$ and $21.1 <
\mu_e < 22.6$ ). |
Those galaxies which are brighter cannot be seen at 2<0.015 due to the bright magnitude eut atom=14.00 and would therefore bias the number density towards the bright. end. | Those galaxies which are brighter cannot be seen at $z < 0.015$ due to the bright magnitude cut at $m = 14.00$ and would therefore bias the number density towards the bright end. |
For these hieh-visibility galaxies we calculated their number-density (0) in equal volume intervals of 5.010* Alpe?. from +=0.0185 loz— 02. | For these high-visibility galaxies we calculated their number-density $\phi$ ) in equal volume intervals of $5.0\,\times 10^{3}$ $^{3}$, from $z=0.0185$ to $z=0.12$ . |
Eο. | Fig. |
9 shows that clustering is severe with what appears to be a large local void around +=0.04 and walls ab 2=0.06 and z=0.11. | 9 shows that clustering is severe with what appears to be a large local void around $z=0.04$ and walls at $z=0.06$ and $z=0.11$. |
The ESO Slice Project. (1991) survey (Zucca et al. | The ESO Slice Project (ESP) survey (Zucca et al. |
LOOT) whose line-ol-sight. (RA ~ 00h. 09 40) is just outside the 2dE SGP region. measures an under-density at 140A *\Ipe (27 0.045) and an over-density at z&Ol. | 1997) whose line-of-sight (RA $\sim 00$ h, $\delta \sim -40$ ) is just outside the 2dF SGP region, measures an under-density at $\leq 140h^{-1}$ Mpc $z \approx 0.045$ ) and an over-density at $z \approx 0.1$. |
The structure that they see. closely resembles the structure that we see. | The structure that they see closely resembles the structure that we see. |
Ao reliable measure of the BBD needs to correct for this clustering-bias. | A reliable measure of the BBD needs to correct for this clustering-bias. |
Here we adopt a strategy which implicitly assumes. firstly. that clustering is independent of either. AL or yr. ancl secondly. that evolutionary processes to z — 0.12 are negligible. | Here we adopt a strategy which implicitly assumes, firstly, that clustering is independent of either $M$ or $\mu$, and secondly, that evolutionary processes to z = 0.12 are negligible. |
On the basis of these caveats we constructed a weighting matrix. WAL). | On the basis of these caveats we constructed a weighting matrix, $W(M,\mu)$. |
This was determined. from the hieh-visibility galaxies by taking the ratio of the number-cdensity of high-visibility galaxies over the full redshift range divided bv the number-densitv of high-visibilitv galaxies over the redshift range of cach bin. Le: This weighting matrix is shown in Fig. | This was determined from the high-visibility galaxies by taking the ratio of the number-density of high-visibility galaxies over the full redshift range divided by the number-density of high-visibility galaxies over the redshift range of each bin, i.e.: This weighting matrix is shown in Fig. |
10. | 10. |
Theimplication is that the number-cdensity of low-Iuminosity systems will be amplified by almost a factor of 1.5. to correct | Theimplication is that the number-density of low-luminosity systems will be amplified by almost a factor of 1.5, to correct |
to this equilibrium are (Frieman&Rotenbere1960:Chanmueam1979): SÉ ciptve Fu£n-o(4) Where F((£)) = £c grad))P) + Phi, ++ ++ — V)£)). | to this equilibrium are \citep{RevModPhys.32.898,1979MNRAS.187..769C}: ^2 + 2 i - ) = 0, Where ) = + )P) + _g + + - ). |
The perturbation of (he magnetic field is b=Vx(€xDo). | The perturbation of the magnetic field is $\bb = \curl(\xxi \times \BO) $. |
For incompressible (V.£=0) perturbations. eq. (9) | For incompressible $\diver\xxi = 0$ ) perturbations, eq. ) |
) can be written as (wo scalar equations: (Pum 1 - va | can be written as two scalar equations: ^2 - ^2) _T = _T ^2 - (r _r) = - 2 ) _r + ( _T |
PDAL is supported by a graut from the French. Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR). | PDM is supported by a grant from the French Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR). |
These simulatious are available as part of the CGalMer simulation data base ). | These simulations are available as part of the GalMer simulation data base ). |
The authors wish to thank the referee for their constructive aud helpful comments aud A. Pipiuo for a critical reading of an early version of this manuscript aud helpful suggestions. | The authors wish to thank the referee for their constructive and helpful comments and A. Pipino for a critical reading of an early version of this manuscript and helpful suggestions. |
The authors wish to thank the referee for their constructive aud helpful comments aud A. Pipiuo for a critical reading of an early version of this manuscript aud helpful suggestions.O | The authors wish to thank the referee for their constructive and helpful comments and A. Pipino for a critical reading of an early version of this manuscript and helpful suggestions. |
The authors wish to thank the referee for their constructive aud helpful comments aud A. Pipiuo for a critical reading of an early version of this manuscript aud helpful suggestions.OO | The authors wish to thank the referee for their constructive and helpful comments and A. Pipino for a critical reading of an early version of this manuscript and helpful suggestions. |
where Ay and D, is (he power spectrum of signal @ and 5 respectively. | where $A_k$ and $B_k$ is the power spectrum of signal $a$ and $b$ respectively. |
The decreasing; of the uncorrelated signal is inversely proportional to the square root of the number of random walk. and it can be further decreased by 1/V/L.N. with binning L=.N multipole numbers and averaging from NV sets of NPS. | The decreasing of the uncorrelated signal is inversely proportional to the square root of the number of random walk, and it can be further decreased by $1/\sqrt{LN}$ with binning $L\equiv \Delta \l$ multipole numbers and averaging from $N$ sets of XPS. |
Therefore XPS is useful in reducing uncorrelated signals while preserving the correlated one. which is employed by WMADP to extract CMD spectrum bv crossing the foreground-eleaned maps from Dillerencing Assemblies (DA) 2003.2007;Nortaοἱal.2009;Larsonet 2011).. | Therefore XPS is useful in reducing uncorrelated signals while preserving the correlated one, which is employed by WMAP to extract CMB spectrum by crossing the foreground-cleaned maps from Differencing Assemblies (DA) \citep{wmap1yrpower,wmap3yrtem,wmap5yrpower,wmap7yrpower}. |
For patches on V and W band map with low variances. hence satisfied Eq.(5)). we can write n=αχ+nm and ap=UR-+nm. where ας is the Fourier mode of CAIB. hy. and 9i are that of V and. Wo band beam. ancl ny and n, that of V and W band noise. respectively, | For patches on V and W band map with low variances, hence satisfied \ref{cl}) ), we can write $a_{\bi k}^{\rm V}=a_{\bi k}^{\rm c}b_{\bi k}^{\rm v}+ n^{\rm v}_{\bi k}$ and $a_{\bi k}^{\rm W}=a_{\bi k}^{\rm c}b_{\bi k}^{\rm w}+ n^{\rm w}_{\bi k}$, where $a_{\bi k}^{\rm c}$ is the Fourier mode of CMB, $b_{\bi k}^{\rm v}$ and $ b_{\bi k}^{\rm w}$ are that of V and W band beam, and $n^{\rm v}_{\bi k}$ and $n^{\rm w}_{\bi k}$ that of V and W band noise, respectively. |
In APS the correlated. signal (erg,Pohr) is What we look lor whereas those uncorrelated terms between CAIB ancl noises Ay. A, and between noises X," shall be decreased according to Eq.(7)). | In XPS the correlated signal $\langle|a^{\rm c}_{\bi k}|^2 b_{\bi k}^{\rm v} b_{\bi k}^{\rm w} \rangle$ is what we look for whereas those uncorrelated terms between CMB and noises $\xk^{\rm cw}$, $\xk^{\rm cv}$ and between noises $\xk^{\rm vw}$ shall be decreased according to \ref{xpsuncorr}) ). |
The window functions of the WAIAP DA maps are directly measured [rom Jupiter (Pageοἱal.2003:Lllet2009) and are available at the official website?. | The window functions of the WMAP DA maps are directly measured from Jupiter \citep{wmap1yrbeam,wmap5yrbeam} and are available at the official website. |
. The frequency band maps. however. are combined from the DA maps. so the corresponding window functions do not exist. | The frequency band maps, however, are combined from the DA maps, so the corresponding window functions do not exist. |
Note that the window functions of the DA maps even at the same [requency band have different profiles. particularly for the W [requeney. bod. | Note that the window functions of the DA maps even at the same frequency band have different profiles, particularly for the W frequency band. |
It is (hen demonstrated in Chiang&Chen(2011) that the window functions of the frequency band maps can be estimated [rom bright point sources ancl itis shown that the window function of the W band map takes the form of that of WI DA. whereas that of V band takes that of VI or V2 DÀ. | It is then demonstrated in \citet{xps} that the window functions of the frequency band maps can be estimated from bright point sources and it is shown that the window function of the W band map takes the form of that of W1 DA, whereas that of V band takes that of V1 or V2 DA. |
The simplest inflation theory predicts the CAIB anisotropies. amplified from. quantum fluctuations. constitute a Gaussian random field (GRE) | The simplest inflation theory predicts the CMB anisotropies, amplified from quantum fluctuations, constitute a Gaussian random field (GRF) |
Most of the following speculations are based on the results reported in section 7 where the accretion rate of BLRG and Sevlerts are compared. | Most of the following speculations are based on the results reported in section \ref{sec:mass} where the accretion rate of BLRG and Seyferts are compared. |
We are aware that our sample is small and far [rom to be complete. | We are aware that our sample is small and far from to be complete. |
ILowever. we note that (he average accretion rate obtained in this work for BLRG is consistent with what obtained by Marchesiniοἱal.(2004)... using a larger sample. | However, we note that the average accretion rate obtained in this work for BLRG is consistent with what obtained by \citet{mar04}, using a larger sample. |
We also computed. as a further check. the average accretion rate of 17 Sevlert 1 galaxies reported in the AGN compilation by Woo&Urry(2002).. for which it was possible to obtain the masses via reverberation mapping method. | We also computed, as a further check, the average accretion rate of 17 Seyfert 1 galaxies reported in the AGN compilation by \citet{woo02}, for which it was possible to obtain the masses via reverberation mapping method. |
Again we find a substantial agreement (Logm=—0.19 £0.18) with the average Sevlert 1 value reported in Table 6.. | Again we find a substantial agreement $Log~ \dot{m}=-0.79\pm0.18$ ) with the average Seyfert 1 value reported in Table \ref{tab:bhm}. |
An idea long debated in the past is that BLRG contain a hot accretion flow in contrast to the cold optically thin disk proposed for Sevlerts (Llaardt&Maraschi1991. | An idea long debated in the past is that BLRG contain a hot accretion flow in contrast to the cold optically thin disk proposed for Seyferts \citep{haa91,haa93}. |
1993).. al.(1982). speculated on the possibility that in radio-galaxies the hot accreting gas is in the shape of an ion-supported torus characterized by low radiative efficiency. | \citet{ree82} speculated on the possibility that in radio-galaxies the hot accreting gas is in the shape of an ion-supported torus characterized by low radiative efficiency. |
The aclvection dominated accretion flow (ADAF) models (Naravanetal.1998)... successively proposed. Follow similar lines of thought. | The advection dominated accretion flow (ADAF) models \citep{nar98}, successively proposed, follow similar lines of thought. |
In (his picture. the accretion flow in BLRG could be hot and geometrically thick in the inner regions and become cold and geometrically thin only at larger radii (Chen&Ilalpern1989:Grandiοἱal.1999:Eracleous2000). | In this picture, the accretion flow in BLRG could be hot and geometrically thick in the inner regions and become cold and geometrically thin only at larger radii \citep{che89,gra99,era00}. |
. The weakness of the reprocessed features would be immediately explained by (he small solid angle subtended by the cold matter (the external disk) to the primary. X-ray source (the ionsupported torus). | The weakness of the reprocessed features would be immediately explained by the small solid angle subtended by the cold matter (the external disk) to the primary X-ray source (the ion–supported torus). |
In that case a jet dilution of the X-ray continuum is not required anymore. | In that case a jet dilution of the X-ray continuum is not required anymore. |
Our analvsis indicates the existence of smaller accretion rates in DLRG when compared to Sevlert 1s. supporting the idea that AGN may host accretion flow mechanisms different from AGN. | Our analysis indicates the existence of smaller accretion rates in BLRG when compared to Seyfert 1s, supporting the idea that AGN may host accretion flow mechanisms different from AGN. |
However. after the Ilznch of XMM-Nevwton and.. our view of AGN became more confused and this interpretation less appealing. | However, after the launch of XMM-Newton and, our view of AGN became more confused and this interpretation less appealing. |
The broad Fe lines seem not to be so common or strong as it was indicated by the early ASCA observations (Nandraetal.1997). ancl. indeed. a Fe line red tail was not observed in most of the Sevlerts of the Perola sample: IC. 4329a (Steenbrugeeetal.2005).. NGC 5548 (Poundsοἱal.2003).. NGC 7469 (Blustinetal.2003).. NGC 4593 (Revnolcsοἱal.2004). | The broad Fe lines seem not to be so common or strong as it was indicated by the early ASCA observations \citep{nan97a} and, indeed, a Fe line red tail was not observed in most of the Seyferts of the Perola sample: IC 4329a \citep{ste05}, NGC 5548 \citep{pou03}, NGC 7469 \citep{blu03}, NGC 4593 \citep{rey04}. |
. Small reprocessed features do not necessarily imiplv the disruption of the cold thin disk in its inner regions. but could indicate. lor example. the presence of a Liehly ionized | Small reprocessed features do not necessarily imply the disruption of the cold thin disk in its inner regions, but could indicate, for example, the presence of a highly ionized |
Massive stars are known to play an important role in various fields of astrophysies. from stellar physies to ISM studies and chemical evolution of galaxies. and to cosmological issues such as the retonisation of the Universe. | Massive stars are known to play an important role in various fields of astrophysics, from stellar physics to ISM studies and chemical evolution of galaxies, and to cosmological issues such as the reionisation of the Universe. |
In particular. the connection between massive stars and star formation is very tight: as a result of their short lifetimes. massive stars are associated with star forming events. and their feedback effects (radiation. winds) have a strong impact on star formation processes. | In particular, the connection between massive stars and star formation is very tight: as a result of their short lifetimes, massive stars are associated with star forming events, and their feedback effects (radiation, winds) have a strong impact on star formation processes. |
Moreover. their tonising fluxes are responsible for nebular emission lines such as Ly, or H,. two lines usually used to trace star formation (Kennicutt.1998;Russeil 2005). | Moreover, their ionising fluxes are responsible for nebular emission lines such as $_{\alpha}$ or $_{\alpha}$, two lines usually used to trace star formation \citep{kennicutt,russeil}. |
However. the details of the formation of massive stars is still a matter of debate: a standard aceretion process faces the problem of the strong radiative pressure generated by the luminosity of young massive proto-stars. so that the mass growth can be stopped at around 10M. | However, the details of the formation of massive stars is still a matter of debate: a standard accretion process faces the problem of the strong radiative pressure generated by the luminosity of young massive proto-stars, so that the mass growth can be stopped at around 10. |
.. Although progress has been recently made (Yorke&Sonnhal-ter.2002;Krumholzetal.. 2005).. another scenario m which massive stars form through mergers of low mass protostars in dense clusters was proposed by Bonnell.Bate&Zinnecker (1998). | Although progress has been recently made \citep{ys02,krumholz}, another scenario in which massive stars form through mergers of low mass protostars in dense clusters was proposed by \citet{bbz98}. |
. This key question of the formation of the most massive stars has triggered a number of observational studies aimed at obtaining constraints on the properties of the youngest objects (e.g.Crowther&Conti.2004;Biketal..2005). | This key question of the formation of the most massive stars has triggered a number of observational studies aimed at obtaining constraints on the properties of the youngest objects \citep[e.g.][]{pauluchii,bik}. |
. Due to the short evolutionary timescale of massive stars. heavily extincted young star forming regions have to be probed. which requires the use of infrared spectrophotometry. | Due to the short evolutionary timescale of massive stars, heavily extincted young star forming regions have to be probed, which requires the use of infrared spectrophotometry. |
Although in principle using only spectroscopy allows a derivation of spectral types and luminosity classes (LC). photometry can be useful. | Although in principle using only spectroscopy allows a derivation of spectral types and luminosity classes (LC), photometry can be useful. |
This ts the case when spectra have to be corrected for nebular emission always present in star forming regions. rendering the line strength/shape uncertain. | This is the case when spectra have to be corrected for nebular emission always present in star forming regions, rendering the line strength/shape uncertain. |
As a result. spectral classification and luminosity classes determinations are difficult. | As a result, spectral classification and luminosity classes determinations are difficult. |
Moreover the luminosity is usually derived from observed magnitudes. extinction. and bolometric corrections. | Moreover the luminosity is usually derived from observed magnitudes, extinction and bolometric corrections. |
Estimates of extinction often rely on intrinsic colors of stars while the knowledge of bolometric corrections requires. atmosphere models. | Estimates of extinction often rely on intrinsic colors of stars while the knowledge of bolometric corrections requires atmosphere models. |
Hence. accurate intrinsic photometry is crucial to get access to luminosities. | Hence, accurate intrinsic photometry is crucial to get access to luminosities. |
Although such photometry is usually available in the optical range (Kuruez.1979:Schmidt-Kaler.1982:Conti.Garmany&Massey. 1986).. this is not the case in the infrared where calibrations are incomplete. | Although such photometry is usually available in the optical range \citep{kur79,sk82,cgm86}, this is not the case in the infrared where calibrations are incomplete. |
The widely used intrinsic colors of Koorneef(1983) are only given for O6 to O9.5 dwarfs and the latest O supergiants. | The widely used intrinsic colors of \citet{kor83} are only given for O6 to O9.5 dwarfs and the latest O supergiants. |
Johnson(1966) covers the same range of spectral types / luminosity class. | \citet{johnson66} covers the same range of spectral types / luminosity class. |
In this context. the recent development of reliable atmosphere models for massive stars is certainly welcome. | In this context, the recent development of reliable atmosphere models for massive stars is certainly welcome. |
Indeed. the inclusion of line-blanketing in such models now allows realistic prediction of atmospheric structures and emergent spectra which are used to get quantitative constraints on the properties of massive stars (Crowtheretal..2002:Hillierlust.Puls&Herrero.2004;Martinsetal.. 2005). | Indeed, the inclusion of line-blanketing in such models now allows realistic prediction of atmospheric structures and emergent spectra which are used to get quantitative constraints on the properties of massive stars \citep{paul02,hil03,jc03,martins04,repolust04,martins05}. |
. The grid of models computed by Martins.Schaerer&Hillier(2005) (herafter MSHOS) and the associated SEDs are especially interesting since they can be used to compute optical and. most importantly. near infrared photometry for the whole range of O stars. | The grid of models computed by \citet{msh05} (herafter MSH05) and the associated SEDs are especially interesting since they can be used to compute optical and, most importantly, near infrared photometry for the whole range of O stars. |
Together with effective temperature scales. calibrations of magnitudes and bolometrie corrections as a function of spectral type can thusbe produced. | Together with effective temperature scales, calibrations of magnitudes and bolometric corrections as a function of spectral type can thusbe produced. |
In this paper. we have used the SEDs of ΜΡΗΟΣ to calculate UBVJHK photometry. | In this paper, we have used the SEDs of MSH05 to calculate UBVJHK photometry. |
In retsynth, honve presentourmethodandgive stheresultswhicharediscussedi compyreviousandsummarisedins refconclusion.. | In \\ref{synth_phot} we present our method and gives the results which are discussed in \\ref{comp_previous} and summarised in \\ref{conclusion}. |
Synthetic photometry has been computed from the grid of atmosphere models presented by Martins.Schaerer& !. | Synthetic photometry has been computed from the grid of atmosphere models presented by \citet{msh05} . |
. From the emergent SED (flux per unit of star surface. F4) we computed the magnitude in each band | From the emergent SED (flux per unit of star surface, $F_{\lambda}$ ) we computed the magnitude in each band |
aand bboth have relatively large first harmonics whose nünina coincide with the maxima and wminiua of the fundamental. | and both have relatively large first harmonics whose minima coincide with the maxima and minima of the fundamental. |
hhas no apparent harmonic. | has no apparent harmonic. |
Dufouretal.(2009a) and Greenetal.(2009). suggest that a maenetic field might account for this differeuce. but ccalls this iuto question. | \citet{duf09} and \citet{gre09} suggest that a magnetic field might account for this difference, but calls this into question. |
It has a pulse shape like that of aand0711.. but unlike them its high S/N spectrin (Dufouretal.20091) shows no sigus of a naenetic field. | It has a pulse shape like that of and, but unlike them its high S/N spectrum \citep{duf09spec} shows no signs of a magnetic field. |
Other connections between the variables! spectroscopic xoperties and their variable properties are also not ortheoming. | Other connections between the variables' spectroscopic properties and their variable properties are also not forthcoming. |
The preliminary temperature fits of etal.(2008a) indicate that lis the hottest of the four variables: it is also the astest and smallest im amplitude. | The preliminary temperature fits of \citet{duf08} indicate that is the hottest of the four variables; it is also the fastest and smallest in amplitude. |
However. no obvious cluperature-period trend. emerges when considering he other three. | However, no obvious temperature-period trend emerges when considering the other three. |
Such a relationship is observed aud mwecdicted in the ZZ Ceti pulsators (Mudaetal. 2006). | Such a relationship is observed and predicted in the ZZ Ceti pulsators \citep{muk06}. |
. Similarly. there is no straight-forward correlation οσοι period and amplitude. a relationship also esent in the ZZ Cetis (Attikadaimetal.2006). | Similarly, there is no straight-forward correlation between period and amplitude, a relationship also present in the ZZ Cetis \citep{muk06}. |
. We do know that all four variables have remained relatively stable in frequeney and amplitude over the course of months to a vear. | We do know that all four variables have remained relatively stable in frequency and amplitude over the course of months to a year. |
The variations observed iu the present data setthe possible existence of a low-frequency peak in the 2008 July amplitude spectrum and the differences im best-fit phase difference and amplitudeare not conclusive. | The variations observed in the present data set—the possible existence of a low-frequency peak in the 2008 July amplitude spectrum and the differences in best-fit phase difference and amplitude—are not conclusive. |
Resolving these questions will require more observations. | Resolving these questions will require more observations. |
Tigh S/N photometry of the other hot DQ stars is required before any theoretical study can address which stars are variable aud which are not. | High S/N photometry of the other hot DQ stars is required before any theoretical study can address which stars are variable and which are not. |
wwas observed in the original study of οσον but not found to be variable on account of its small (~ 0.3%)) amplitude. | was observed in the original study of \citet{mon08} but not found to be variable on account of its small $\sim$ ) amplitude. |
A mean amplitude spectrum noise level of even would not permit a convincing detection of such simall-amplitude variability. | A mean amplitude spectrum noise level of even would not permit a convincing detection of such small-amplitude variability. |
We also note that the 2009 June data show the harmonic at L1 times the mean noise in the amplitude spectruu while the fundamental is roughly half its size: thus. it seenis possible that suall-amplitude variable hot DQs with lavee harmonics could have fundamentals hidden in the noise. | We also note that the 2009 June data show the harmonic at 4.1 times the mean noise in the amplitude spectrum while the fundamental is roughly half its size; thus, it seems possible that small-amplitude variable hot DQs with large harmonics could have fundamentals hidden in the noise. |
Tn addition to hieh S/N time-series photometry. we need high S/N time-series spectroscopy. | In addition to high S/N time-series photometry, we need high S/N time-series spectroscopy. |
With higher S/N spectroscopy. we nüeht study Ime profile variations. which are a diagnostic of noncadial e-110de. pulsatious (e.g... vanIxerkwijketal.2000)). the leading mechanisii for explaining hot DQ variability (Foutaineetal.2008:Coérsicoetal.2009). | With higher S/N spectroscopy, we might study line profile variations, which are a diagnostic of non-radial g-mode pulsations (e.g., \citealt{van00}) ), the leading mechanism for explaining hot DQ variability \citep{fon08, cor09}. |
. As with the ZZ Ceti pulsators. multi-color photometry will also be an important tool for demoustrating that the variability arises primarily frou temperature variations (Robinsonctal.1982). and for determining the spherical harmonics of pulsational modes. | As with the ZZ Ceti pulsators, multi-color photometry will also be an important tool for demonstrating that the variability arises primarily from temperature variations \citep{rob82} and for determining the spherical harmonics of pulsational modes. |
Unless more than one mode cau be detected in cach star. the prospects for scisimology secu din. | Unless more than one mode can be detected in each star, the prospects for seismology seem dim. |
However. that was also the case for ZZ Ceti stars shortly after their discovery. and it is likely that ageressive campaigns to detect and observe more hot DQ variables will vield fruitful avenues of exploration that are richer and more interesting than we could have guessed. | However, that was also the case for ZZ Ceti stars shortly after their discovery, and it is likely that aggressive campaigns to detect and observe more hot DQ variables will yield fruitful avenues of exploration that are richer and more interesting than we could have guessed. |
We acknowledge the support of the National Science Foundation under award AST-0707381 aud are grateful o the Abraham Coodman family for providing the financial support that made the spectrograph possible. | We acknowledge the support of the National Science Foundation under award AST-0707381 and are grateful to the Abraham Goodman family for providing the financial support that made the spectrograph possible. |
We thank the Delaware Asteroscismic Research. Center or providing the S8612 filter used in these observations. | We thank the Delaware Asteroseismic Research Center for providing the S8612 filter used in these observations. |
We also recognize the observational support provided we the SOAR operators Alberto Pasten. Patricio Ugarte. Sergio Pizarro. aud Danicl Alaturana. | We also recognize the observational support provided by the SOAR operators Alberto Pasten, Patricio Ugarte, Sergio Pizarro, and Daniel Maturana. |
BNB acknowledges support from ai CAANN fellowship hrough eraut number P200A090135 from the Dept. | BNB acknowledges support from a GAANN fellowship through grant number P200A090135 from the Dept. |
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