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You are a helpful AI Doctor who answers medical questions. Below is a question from a patient. Your task is to answer the questions as truthfully as you can. ### Patient:
What are the treatments for Leukoencephalopathy with vanishing white matter ? ### Doctor:
How might leukoencephalopathy with vanishing white matter be treated? Treatment for leukoencephalopathy with vanishing white matter is supportive, aiming to alleviate symptoms. Management may include physical therapy and rehabilitation for motor dysfunction (mainly spasticity and ataxia); and anti-seizure medications for seizures. Infections and fevers should be prevented when possible through the use of vaccinations; low-dose maintenance antibiotics during winter months; antibiotics for minor infections; and antipyretics (fever-reducing medications) for fever. For children, wearing a helmet outside can help minimize the effects of head trauma. Contact sports, head trauma, and stressful situations (including high body temperature) should be avoided. | [
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What is the outlook for Febrile Seizures ? ### Doctor:
The vast majority of febrile seizures are short and harmless. There is no evidence that short febrile seizures cause brain damage. Multiple or prolonged seizures are a risk factor for epilepsy but most children who experience febrile seizures do not go on to develop the reoccurring seizures that re characteristic of epilepsy. Certain children who have febrile seizures face an increased risk of developing epilepsy. These children include those who have a febrile seizure that lasts longer than 10 minutes, who have febrile seizures that are lengthy or affect only one part of the body, or experience seizures that reoccur within 24 hours.. | [
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You are a helpful AI Doctor who answers medical questions. Below is a question from a patient. Your task is to answer the questions as truthfully as you can. ### Patient:
What are the symptoms of Minicore myopathy with external ophthalmoplegia ? ### Doctor:
What are the signs and symptoms of Minicore myopathy with external ophthalmoplegia? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Minicore myopathy with external ophthalmoplegia. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Nemaline bodies 5% Areflexia - Autosomal recessive inheritance - Axial muscle weakness - Decreased fetal movement - Difficulty running - Exercise-induced myalgia - External ophthalmoplegia - Facial palsy - Feeding difficulties in infancy - Generalized muscle weakness - High palate - Hydrops fetalis - Increased connective tissue - Increased variability in muscle fiber diameter - Ligamentous laxity - Motor delay - Muscular dystrophy - Myopathic facies - Neonatal hypotonia - Neonatal onset - Polyhydramnios - Proximal muscle weakness - Ptosis - Pulmonary hypoplasia - Recurrent respiratory infections - Respiratory insufficiency - Scoliosis - Skeletal muscle atrophy - Type 1 and type 2 muscle fiber minicore regions - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. | [
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You are a helpful AI Doctor who answers medical questions. Below is a question from a patient. Your task is to answer the questions as truthfully as you can. ### Patient:
How many people are affected by leukoencephalopathy with vanishing white matter ? ### Doctor:
The prevalence of leukoencephalopathy with vanishing white matter is unknown. Although it is a rare disorder, it is believed to be one of the most common inherited diseases that affect the white matter. | [
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What are the symptoms of Bowen syndrome ? ### Doctor:
What are the signs and symptoms of Bowen syndrome? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Bowen syndrome. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Abnormality of cardiovascular system morphology - Abnormality of the ear - Agenesis of corpus callosum - Autosomal recessive inheritance - Congenital glaucoma - Death in childhood - Failure to thrive - Feeding difficulties in infancy - Hypospadias - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. | [
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What is (are) Benign rolandic epilepsy (BRE) ? ### Doctor:
Benign rolandic epilepsy is the most common form of childhood epilepsy. It is referred to as "benign" because most children outgrow the condition by puberty, usually by 14 years of age. This form of epilepsy is characterized by seizures involving the part of the frontal lobe of the brain called the rolandic area. The seizures associated with this condition typically occur during the nighttime. Treatment is usually not prescribed, since the condition tends to disappear by puberty. | [
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What are the genetic changes related to hereditary diffuse gastric cancer ? ### Doctor:
It is likely that 30 to 40 percent of individuals with HDGC have a mutation in the CDH1 gene. The CDH1 gene provides instructions for making a protein called epithelial cadherin or E-cadherin. This protein is found within the membrane that surrounds epithelial cells, which are the cells that line the surfaces and cavities of the body. E-cadherin helps neighboring cells stick to one another (cell adhesion) to form organized tissues. E-cadherin has many other functions including acting as a tumor suppressor protein, which means it prevents cells from growing and dividing too rapidly or in an uncontrolled way. People with HDGC caused by CDH1 gene mutations are born with one mutated copy of the gene in each cell. These mutations cause the production of an abnormally short, nonfunctional version of E-cadherin or alter the protein's structure. | [
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What are the symptoms of Fibrolamellar carcinoma ? ### Doctor:
What are the signs and symptoms of Fibrolamellar carcinoma? Many people with early fibrolamellar carcinoma (FLC) have no signs or symptoms of the condition. When present, symptoms are often nonspecific and blamed on other, more common conditions. Some people affected by FLC may experience the following: Abdominal pain Weight loss Malaise Abdominal mass Hepatomegaly The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Fibrolamellar carcinoma. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Autosomal dominant inheritance - Hepatocellular carcinoma - Micronodular cirrhosis - Somatic mutation - Subacute progressive viral hepatitis - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. | [
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what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Giant Axonal Neuropathy ? ### Doctor:
The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) supports research related to GAN through grants to major medical institutions across the country. Much of this research focuses on finding better ways to prevent, treat, and ultimately cure inherited neurological disorders such as GAN. | [
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How many people are affected by familial exudative vitreoretinopathy ? ### Doctor:
The prevalence of familial exudative vitreoretinopathy is unknown. It appears to be rare, although affected people with normal vision may never come to medical attention. | [
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You are a helpful AI Doctor who answers medical questions. Below is a question from a patient. Your task is to answer the questions as truthfully as you can. ### Patient:
Do you have information about Birth Weight
### Doctor:
Summary : Birth weight is the first weight of your baby, taken just after he or she is born. A low birth weight is less than 5.5 pounds. A high birth weight is more than 8.8 pounds. A low birth weight baby can be born too small, too early (premature), or both. This can happen for many different reasons. They include health problems in the mother, genetic factors, problems with the placenta and substance abuse by the mother. Some low birth weight babies may be more at risk for certain health problems. Some may become sick in the first days of life or develop infections. Others may suffer from longer-term problems such as delayed motor and social development or learning disabilities. High birth weight babies are often big because the parents are big, or the mother has diabetes during pregnancy. | [
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You are a helpful AI Doctor who answers medical questions. Below is a question from a patient. Your task is to answer the questions as truthfully as you can. ### Patient:
How many people are affected by horizontal gaze palsy with progressive scoliosis ? ### Doctor:
HGPPS has been reported in several dozen families worldwide. | [
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You are a helpful AI Doctor who answers medical questions. Below is a question from a patient. Your task is to answer the questions as truthfully as you can. ### Patient:
How to diagnose Insomnia ? ### Doctor:
Your doctor will likely diagnose insomnia based on your medical and sleep histories and a physical exam. He or she also may recommend a sleep study. For example, you may have a sleep study if the cause of your insomnia is unclear. Medical History
To find out what's causing your insomnia, your doctor may ask whether you:
Have any new or ongoing health problems
Have painful injuries or health conditions, such as arthritis
Take any medicines, either over-the-counter or prescription
Have symptoms or a history of depression, anxiety, or psychosis
Are coping with highly stressful life events, such as divorce or death
Your doctor also may ask questions about your work and leisure habits. | [
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You are a helpful AI Doctor who answers medical questions. Below is a question from a patient. Your task is to answer the questions as truthfully as you can. ### Patient:
What are the treatments for Schwartz Jampel syndrome type 1 ? ### Doctor:
How might Schwartz Jampel syndrome type 1 be treated? Treatment of Schwartz Jampel syndrome type 1 (SJS1) aims to reduce stiffness and cramping of muscles. This might include nonpharmacologic modalities such as massage, warming of muscles, and gradual strengthening exercises. Medications that might be utilized include muscle relaxants and anti seizure medications, particularly Carbamazepine. Botox might additionally be used to relieve eye symptoms such as blepharospasm (involuntary blinking of spasm of eyes). If Botox is not successful in managing eye symptoms, a variety of surgical techniques have been found to be effective. When considering surgery as an option, an important consideration is the risk for malignant hyperthermia, which could lead to adverse outcomes. | [
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You are a helpful AI Doctor who answers medical questions. Below is a question from a patient. Your task is to answer the questions as truthfully as you can. ### Patient:
Who is at risk for Prostate Cancer? ? ### Doctor:
Yes. Race is another major risk factor. In the United States, this disease is much more common in African American men than in any other group of men. It is least common in Asian and American Indian men. A man's risk for developing prostate cancer is higher if his father or brother has had the disease. Diet also may play a role. There is some evidence that a diet high in animal fat may increase the risk of prostate cancer and a diet high in fruits and vegetables may decrease the risk. Studies to find out whether men can reduce their risk of prostate cancer by taking certain dietary supplements are ongoing. | [
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What are the treatments for Foot Drop ? ### Doctor:
Treatment depends on the specific cause of foot drop. The most common treatment is to support the foot with light-weight leg braces and shoe inserts, called ankle-foot orthotics. Exercise therapy to strengthen the muscles and maintain joint motion also helps to improve gait. Devices that electrically stimulate the peroneal nerve during footfall are appropriate for a small number of individuals with foot drop. In cases with permanent loss of movement, surgery that fuses the foot and ankle joint or that transfers tendons from stronger leg muscles is occasionally performed. | [
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You are a helpful AI Doctor who answers medical questions. Below is a question from a patient. Your task is to answer the questions as truthfully as you can. ### Patient:
What are the treatments for PRICKLE1-related progressive myoclonus epilepsy with ataxia ? ### Doctor:
These resources address the diagnosis or management of PRICKLE1-related progressive myoclonus epilepsy with ataxia: - Gene Review: Gene Review: PRICKLE1-Related Progressive Myoclonus Epilepsy with Ataxia - Genetic Testing Registry: Progressive myoclonus epilepsy with ataxia These resources from MedlinePlus offer information about the diagnosis and management of various health conditions: - Diagnostic Tests - Drug Therapy - Surgery and Rehabilitation - Genetic Counseling - Palliative Care | [
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Who is at risk for Lung Cancer? ? ### Doctor:
Risk factors that increase your chance of getting lung cancer include - cigarette, cigar, and pipe smoking, which account for well over half of all cases of lung cancer - secondhand smoke - family history - HIV infection - environmental risk factors - beta carotene supplements in heavy smokers. cigarette, cigar, and pipe smoking, which account for well over half of all cases of lung cancer secondhand smoke family history HIV infection environmental risk factors beta carotene supplements in heavy smokers. | [
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what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Polymyositis ? ### Doctor:
The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) and other institutes of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) conduct research relating to polymyositis in laboratories at the NIH and support additional research through grants to major medical institutions across the country. Currently funded research is exploring patterns of gene expression among the inflammatory myopathies, the role of viral infection as a precursor to the disorders, and the safety and efficacy of various treatment regimens. | [
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What are the treatments for Post-Polio Syndrome ? ### Doctor:
Presently, no prevention has been found that can stop deterioration or reverse the deficits caused by the syndrome A number of controlled studies have demonstrated that nonfatiguing exercises may improve muscle strength and reduce tiredness. Doctors recommend that polio survivors follow standard healthy lifestyle practices: consuming a well-balanced diet, exercising judiciously (preferably under the supervision of an experienced health professional), and visiting a doctor regularly. There has been much debate about whether to encourage or discourage exercise for polio survivors or individuals who already have PPS. A commonsense approach, in which people use individual tolerance as their limit, is currently recommended. Preliminary studies indicate that intravenous immunoglobulin therapy may reduce pain, increase quality of life, and improve strength modestly. | [
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What are the symptoms of Primary carnitine deficiency ? ### Doctor:
What are the signs and symptoms of Primary carnitine deficiency? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Primary carnitine deficiency. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Autosomal recessive inheritance - Cardiomegaly - Coma - Confusion - Congestive heart failure - Decreased carnitine level in liver - Decreased plasma carnitine - Elevated hepatic transaminases - Encephalopathy - Endocardial fibroelastosis - Failure to thrive - Hepatic steatosis - Hepatomegaly - Hyperammonemia - Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy - Impaired gluconeogenesis - Lethargy - Muscular hypotonia - Myopathy - Recurrent hypoglycemia - Reduced muscle carnitine level - Somnolence - Vomiting - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. | [
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You are a helpful AI Doctor who answers medical questions. Below is a question from a patient. Your task is to answer the questions as truthfully as you can. ### Patient:
What to do for Dumping Syndrome ? ### Doctor:
The first step to minimizing symptoms of dumping syndrome involves changes in eating, diet, and nutrition, and may include
- eating five or six small meals a day instead of three larger meals - delaying liquid intake until at least 30 minutes after a meal - increasing intake of protein, fiber, and complex carbohydratesfound in starchy foods such as oatmeal and rice - avoiding simple sugars such as table sugar, which can be found in candy, syrup, sodas, and juice beverages - increasing the thickness of food by adding pectin or guar gumplant extracts used as thickening agents
Some people find that lying down for 30 minutes after meals also helps reduce symptoms. Medication
A health care provider may prescribe octreotide acetate (Sandostatin) to treat dumping syndrome symptoms. | [
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You are a helpful AI Doctor who answers medical questions. Below is a question from a patient. Your task is to answer the questions as truthfully as you can. ### Patient:
Do you have information about Tears
### Doctor:
Summary : You may only think of tears as those salty drops that fall from your eyes when you cry. Actually, your tears clean your eyes every time you blink. Tears also keep your eyes moist, which is important for your vision. Tear glands produce tears, and tear ducts carry the tears from the glands to the surface of your eye. Problems with the tear system can include too many tears, too few tears, or problems with the tear ducts. Treatment of the problem depends on the cause. | [
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What is (are) Wolman disease ? ### Doctor:
Wolman disease is a rare inherited condition involving the breakdown and use of fats and cholesterol in the body (lipid metabolism). In affected individuals, harmful amounts of lipids accumulate in the spleen, liver, bone marrow, small intestine, small hormone-producing glands on top of each kidney (adrenal glands), and lymph nodes. In addition to fat deposits, calcium deposits in the adrenal glands are also seen. Infants with Wolman disease are healthy and active at birth but soon develop signs and symptoms of the disorder. These may include an enlarged liver and spleen (hepatosplenomegaly), poor weight gain, low muscle tone, a yellow tint to the skin and the whites of the eyes (jaundice), vomiting, diarrhea, developmental delay, low amounts of iron in the blood (anemia), and poor absorption of nutrients from food. | [
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How many people are affected by progressive osseous heteroplasia ? ### Doctor:
Progressive osseous heteroplasia is a rare condition. Its exact incidence is unknown. | [
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