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725286
|
The Computational Database for Real World Awareness
|
Two major hardware trends have a significant impact on the architecture of database management systems (DBMSs): First, main memory sizes continue to grow significantly. Machines with 1TB of main memory and more are readily available at a relatively low price. Second, the number of cores in a system continues to grow, from currently 64 and more to hundreds in the near future.
This trend offers radically new opportunities for both business and science. It promises to allow for information-at-your-fingertips, i.e., large volumes of data can be analyzed and deeply explored online, in parallel to regular transaction processing. Currently, deep data exploration is performed outside of the database system which necessitates huge data transfers. This impedes the processing such that real-time interactive exploration is impossible. These new hardware capabilities now allow to build a true computational database system that integrates deep exploration functionality at the source of the data. This will lead to a drastic shift in how users interact with data, as for the first time interactive data exploration becomes possible at a massive scale.
Unfortunately, traditional DBMSs are simply not capable to tackle these new challenges.
Traditional techniques like interpreted code execution for query processing become a severe bottleneck in the presence of such massive parallelism, causing poor utilization of the hardware. I pursue a radically different approach: Instead of adapting the traditional, disk-based approaches, I am integrating a new just-in-time compilation framework into the in-memory database that directly exploits the abundant, parallel hardware for large-scale data processing and exploration. By explicitly utilizing cores, I will be able to build a powerful computational database engine that scales the entire spectrum of data processing - from transactional to analytical to exploration workflows - far beyond traditional architectures.
|
[
"Computer Science and Informatics"
] |
W1507264290
|
Folate receptor alpha expression in lung cancer: diagnostic and prognostic significance.
|
With the advent of targeted therapies directed towards folate receptor alpha, with several such agents in late stage clinical development, the sensitive and robust detection of folate receptor alpha in tissues is of importance relative to patient selection and perhaps prognosis and prediction of response. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the expression of folate receptor alpha in non-small cell lung cancer specimens to determine its frequency of expression and its potential for prognosis. The distribution of folate receptor alpha expression in normal tissues as well as its expression and relationship to non-small cell lung cancer subtypes was assessed by immunohistochemistry using tissue microarrays and fine needle aspirates and an optimized manual staining method using the recently developed monoclonal antibody 26B3. The association between folate receptor alpha expression and clinical outcome was also evaluated on a tissue microarray created from formalin fixed paraffin embedded specimens from patients with surgically resected lung adenocarcinoma. Folate receptor alpha expression was shown to have a high discriminatory capacity for lung adenocarcinomas versus squamous cell carcinomas. While 74% of adenocarcinomas were positive for folate receptor alpha expression, our results found that only 13% of squamous cell carcinomas were FRA positive (p<0.0001). In patients with adenocarcinoma that underwent surgical resection, increased folate receptor alpha expression was associated with improved overall survival (Hazard Ratio 0.39, 95% CI 0.18-0.85). These data demonstrate the diagnostic relevance of folate receptor alpha expression in non-small cell lung cancer as determined by immunohistochemistry and suggest that determination of folate receptor alpha expression provides prognostic information in patients with lung adenocarcinoma.
|
[
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
] |
10.1039/c8ja00362a
|
Radiogenic and stable Ce isotope measurements by thermal ionisation mass spectrometry
|
Techniques for the separation of Cerium (Ce) from silicate matrices and for the analysis of radiogenic (ε138Ce) and mass dependent (δ142Ce) Ce isotope variations by Thermal Ionisation Mass Spectrometry (TIMS) are presented in this study.
|
[
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
] |
W2000846225
|
A comprehensive analysis of the influence of drug binding kinetics on drug action at molecular and systems levels
|
Binding kinetics is closely related to the efficacy of drugs. Several aspects of binding kinetics, such as long residence or frequent dissociation, have been proposed to affect drug properties such as efficacy, selectivity, and multi-target potency. However, a comprehensive and balanced study of binding kinetics in various scenarios is still needed. We performed a comprehensive computational analysis of the role of drug binding kinetics in various situations such as enzyme inhibition, receptor binding, multi-target drug targeting, signal transduction pathways, and metabolic networks. Molecular studies of enzyme inhibition, receptor binding, and multi-target drugs have shown that at constant binding affinity, fast associating drugs show better enzyme inhibitory effects, earlier and higher receptor occupancy peaks, and better multi-target performances, while slow dissociating drugs show prolonged receptor occupancy, as suggested by others. Different situations exemplify slightly different kinetic-efficacy relationships, and each must be considered separately. At the systems level, binding kinetics can not only change the overall effect of drugs, but can also affect signaling dynamics. For example, in the tumor necrosis factor α-induced nuclear factor-κB pathway, inhibitor addition can delay the onset of oscillations and decrease their frequencies, with these changes varying with the binding kinetics of the inhibitor. The effects of drug binding kinetics also depend on network topology and where the target is located in the network. For successful drug discovery, both molecular binding kinetics and systems level requirements need to be considered.
|
[
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
] |
EP 97113398 A
|
Smart laser diode array assembly
|
A laser diode array assembly includes a laser diode array and a memory device integrally packaged with the array. The memory device includes operational information concerning the array. The memory device is accessible by a host external operating system which determines the manner in which the array is to be powered based on the operational information. The memory device may have the capability to be written to such that the external operating system can record in the memory device significant events such as extreme operational conditions, operational faults, and the on-time or shot- count of the array. The assembly may include sensors to which the operating system is coupled. The assembly may further include a processing means to monitor the sensors and provide real-time updates to the external operating system such that laser diode array is continuously powered in an optimal manner.
|
[
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
] |
10.1002/adfm.201303699
|
Healable, stable and stiff hydrogels: Combining conflicting properties using dynamic and selective three-component recognition with reinforcing cellulose nanorods
|
Nanocomposite hydrogels are prepared combining polymer brush-modified 'hard' cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) and 'soft' polymeric domains, and bound together by cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]) supramolecular crosslinks, which allow dynamic host-guest interactions as well as selective and simultaneous binding of two guests, i. e. , methyl viologen (the first guest) and naphthyl units (the second guest). CNCs are mechanically strong colloidal rods with nanometer-scale lateral dimensions, which are functionalized by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization to yield a dense set of methacrylate polymer brushes bearing naphthyl units. They can then be non-covalently cross-linked through simple addition of poly(vinyl alcohol) polymers containing pendant viologen units as well as CB[8]s in aqueous media. The resulting supramolecular nanocomposite hydrogels combine three important criteria: high storage modulus (G†> 10 kPa), rapid sol-gel transition (<6 s), and rapid self-healing even upon aging for several months, as driven by balanced colloidal reinforcement as well as the selectivity and dynamics of the CB[8] three-component supramolecular interactions. Such a new combination of properties for stiff and self-healing hydrogel materials suggests new approaches for advanced dynamic materials from renewable sources. Nanocomposite hydrogels are prepared by combining 'hard' functionalised cellulose nanocrystals with 'soft' functionalised poly(vinyl alcohol) via dynamic and selective three-component host-guest chemistry. The ensuing supramolecular hydrogels synergistically combine rapid hydrogel recovery (within a few seconds) from the processable sol state to the relaxed gel state; suppressed passivation in self-healing, even after several months' storage, and; a high storage modulus.
|
[
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Materials Engineering"
] |
W2620280160
|
Securing Passwords Beyond Human Capabilities with a Wearable Neuro-Device
|
The election of strong passwords is a challenging task for humans that could undermine the secure online subscription to services in mobile applications. Composition rules and dictionaries help to choose stronger passwords, although at the cost of the easiness to memorize them. When high-performance computers are not available, such as in mobile scenarios, the problem is even worse because mobile devices typically lack good enough entropy sources. Then, the goal is to obtain strong passwords with the best efficiency in terms of level of entropy per character unit. In this study, we propose the use neuro-activity as source of entropy for the efficient generation of strong passwords. In our experiment we used the NIST test suite to compare binary random sequences extracted from neuro-activity by means of a mobile brain-computer interface with (i) strong passwords manually generated with restrictions based on dictionary and composition rules and (ii) passwords generated automatically by a mathematical software running on a work station. The results showed that random sequences based on neuro-activity were much more suitable for the generation of strong passwords than those generated by humans and were as strong as those generated by a computer. Also, the rate at which random bits were generated by neuro-activity (4 Kbps) was much faster than the passwords manually generated. Thus, just a very small fraction of the time and cognitive workload caused to manually generate a password has enough entropy for the generation of stronger, shorter and easier to remember passwords. We conclude that in either mobile scenarios or when good enough entropy sources are not available the use of neuro-activity is an efficient option for the generation of strong passwords.
|
[
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
] |
W1999034436
|
Synthesis, anticonvulsant and neurotoxic activity of some new 2,5-disubstituted-1,3,4-oxadiazoles
|
Two novel series 2a–2d (2Z)-N-[5-(4-substituted)phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]-2-[(2Z)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-ylidene]hydrazinecarboxamide and 1a–1d 5-(4-substituted)phenyl-N-[(1Z,2Z)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-ylidene]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-amine have been synthesized and screened for their anticonvulsant and neurotoxic activity. After i.p. injection to mice at doses of 30, 100 and 300 mg/kg body weight 2,5-disubstituted-1,3,4-oxadiazole analogues were examined in the maximal electroshock induced seizures (MES) and subcutaneous metrazole (ScMET) induced seizure models in mice. Amongst all the compounds, 1a–1d and 2a–2d, one compound 1a exhibited activity at 100 mg/kg body weight at 0.5 and 4 h in ScMET, respectively. Compound 2b showed anticonvulsant activity at 100 mg/kg without activity in ScMET and neurotoxicity. The neurotoxicity was assessed by rotorod method, and all compounds (except 1a) were found to be safe at maximum administered dose.
|
[
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
] |
715968
|
Memory Engram Maintenance and Expression
|
The goal of this project is to understand how specific memory engrams are physically stored in the brain. Connectionist theories of memory storage have guided research into the neuroscience of memory for over a half century, but have received little direct proof due to experimental limitations. The major confound that has limited direct testing of such theories has been an inability to identify the cells and circuits that store specific memories. Memory engram technology, which allows the tagging and in vivo manipulation of specific engram cells, has recently allowed us to overcome this empirical limitation and has revolutionised the way memory can be studied in rodent models. Based on our research it is now known that sparse populations of hippocampal neurons that were active during a defined learning experience are both sufficient and necessary for retrieval of specific contextual memories. More recently we have established that hippocampal engram cells preferentially synapse directly onto postsynaptic engram cells. This “engram cell connectivity” could provide the neurobiological substrate for the storage of multimodal memories through a distributed engram circuit. However it is currently unknown whether engram cell connectivity itself is important for memory function. The proposed integrative neuroscience project will employ inter-disciplinary methods to directly probe the importance of engram cell connectivity for memory retrieval, storage, and encoding. The outcomes will directly inform a novel and comprehensive neurobiological model of memory engram storage.
|
[
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
] |
10.1002/anie.201511567
|
Metal-Catalyzed Annulations through Activation and Cleavage of C−H Bonds
|
The exponential increase in the number of catalytic transformations that involve a metal-promoted activation of hitherto considered inert C−H bonds is promoting a fundamental change in the field of synthetic chemistry. Although most reactions involving C−H activations consist of simple functionalizations or additions, recent years have witnessed an upsurge in related transformations that can be formally considered as cycloaddition processes. These transformations are particularly appealing from a synthetic perspective because they allow the conversion of readily available substrates into highly valuable cyclic products in a rapid and sustainable manner. In many cases, these annulations involve the formation of metallacyclic intermediates that resemble those proposed for standard metal-catalyzed cycloadditions of unsaturated precursors.
|
[
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
] |
10.1093/nar/gky607
|
More is not always better: Finding the right trade-off between affinity and selectivity of a G-quadruplex ligand
|
Guanine-rich nucleic acid sequences can fold into four-stranded G-quadruplex (G4) structures. Despite growing evidence for their biological significance, considerable work still needs to be done to detail their cellular occurrence and functions. Herein, we describe an optimized core-extended naphthalene diimide (cex-NDI) to be exploited as a G4 light-up sensor. The sensing mechanism relies on the shift of the aggregate-monomer equilibrium towards the bright monomeric state upon G4 binding. In contrast with the majority of other ligands, this novel cex- NDI is able to discriminate among G4s with different topologies, with a remarkable fluorescent response for the parallel ones. We investigate this sensing by means of biophysical methods, comparing the lead compound to a non-selective analogue. We demonstrate that mitigating the affinity of the binding core for G4s results in an increased selectivity and sensitivity of the fluorescent response. This is achieved by replacing positively charged substituents with diethylene glycol (DEG) side chains. Remarkably, the limit of detection values obtained for parallel G4s are more than one order of magnitude lower than those of the parallel-selective ligand N-methyl mesoporphyrin IX (NMM). Interestingly, the classical fluorescent intercalator displacement (FID) assay failed to reveal binding of cex-NDI to G4 because of the presence a ternary complex (G4-TO-cex-NDI) revealed by electrospray-MS. Our study thus provides a rational basis to design or modify existent scaffolds to redirect the binding preference of G4 ligands.
|
[
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
] |
10.1007/S10616-013-9562-6
|
Scleractinian Coral Cell Proliferation Is Reduced In Primary Culture Of Suspended Multicellular Aggregates Compared To Polyps
|
Cell cultures from reef-building scleractinian corals are being developed to study the response of these ecologically important organisms to environmental stress and diseases. Despite the importance of cell division to support propagation, cell proliferation in polyps and in vitro is under-investigated. In this study, suspended multicellular aggregates (tissue balls) were obtained after collagenase dissociation of Pocillopora damicornis coral, with varying yields between enzyme types and brands. Ultrastructure and cell type distribution were characterized in the tissue balls (TBs) compared to the polyp. Morphological evidence of cellular metabolic activity in their ciliated cortex and autophagy in their central mass suggests involvement of active tissue reorganization processes. DNA synthesis was evaluated in the forming multicellular aggregates and in the four cell layers of the polyp, using BrdU labeling of nuclei over a 24 h period. The distribution of BrdU-labeled coral cells was spatially heterogeneous and their proportion was very low in tissue balls (0. 2 ± 0. 1 %), indicating that suspended multicellular aggregate formation does not involve significant cell division. In polyps, DNA synthesis was significantly lower in the calicoderm (<1 %) compared to both oral and aboral gastroderm (about 10 %) and to the pseudostratified oral epithelium (15–25 % at tip of tentacle). DNA synthesis in the endosymbiotic dinoflagellates dropped in the forming tissue balls (2. 7 ± 1. 2 %) compared to the polyp (14 ± 3. 4 %) where it was not different from the host gastroderm (10. 3 ± 1. 2 %). A transient (24 h) increase was observed in the cell-specific density of dinoflagellates in individually dissociated coral cell cultures. These results suggest disruption of coral cell proliferation processes upon establishment in primary culture.
|
[
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
] |
2725565
|
European knowledge repository for best agricultural practices
|
EUREKA has brought together 21 multi-actors (MA) from 16 member states and 48 supporting organizations, to co-create a stronger and reinforced EU wide agricultural knowledge base by developing an open source e-platform, called the FarmBook. This two-sided market platform, like Facebook, will address the needs and improve the connections between two distinct user groups: MA project partners and MA end users (farmers, foresters, advisors, scientists, policy makers,…). To realize this, EUREKA will first analyze the MA project knowledge supply (outputs, activities, dissemination,…) to get a comprehensive data overview and distinguish do’s and don’ts on how to co-create and transfer knowledge in these projects. From this analysis best practices and recommendations will be formulated into a MA bible for the current MA community and for EIP-AGRI (+ SWG SCAR AKIS) to improve the design of future MA projects. Participatory activities with many MA projects during EUREKA will lay the foundation to build a more engaged MA project community. All available resources that can be used to share amongst the community and to shape and promote the EUREKA outputs will also be mapped. Second, EUREKA will analyze the knowledge demand from potential end users by profiling them and determining their needs, barriers and preferences across four macro-regions in Europe and across the different agricultural sectors. Third, EUREKA will integrate the results of the analysis on the knowledge supply & demand by consulting various expert working groups to co-create a ranking of MA projects and to select the most relevant and high impact agricultural MA project knowledge for the rural and scientific community. Fourth, the FarmBook will be built to present this knowledge in an accessible, standards-based, easily searchable and open source way. Fifth, the FarmBook will be optimized in several iterations with end-user feedback and will be promoted to end users and the MA project community across Europe.
|
[
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
] |
10.1038/ismej.2015.247
|
The role of hyperparasitism in microbial pathogen ecology and evolution
|
Many micro-organisms employ a parasitic lifestyle and, through their antagonistic interactions with host populations, have major impacts on human, agricultural and natural ecosystems. Most pathogens are likely to host parasites of their own, that is, hyperparasites, but how nested chains of parasites impact on disease dynamics is grossly neglected in the ecological and evolutionary literature. In this minireview we argue that the diversity and dynamics of micro-hyperparasites are an important component of natural host-pathogen systems. We use the current literature from a handful of key systems to show that observed patterns of pathogen virulence and disease dynamics may well be influenced by hyperparasites. Exploring these factors will shed light on many aspects of microbial ecology and disease biology, including resistance-virulence evolution, apparent competition, epidemiology and ecosystem stability. Considering the importance of hyperparasites in natural populations will have applied consequences for the field of biological control and therapeutic science, where hyperparastism is employed as a control mechanism but not necessarily ecologically understood.
|
[
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy"
] |
W1985398827
|
View synthesis prediction using skip and merge candidates for HEVC-based 3D video coding
|
Traditional multi-view coding (MVC) systems compress the texture content captured from different view points, where temporal and inter-view redundancy are exploited to improve MVC coding efficiency. The advanced 3D video coding systems compress both the texture content and its corresponding depth captured from different view points, known as multiview video plus depth (MVD), to support low complexity free view point applications. However, MVD systems consist of a large amount of data including both texture and depth to be compressed and transmitted. To improve the coding efficiency of MVD systems, view synthesis prediction (VSP) can be used to further reduce inter-view redundancy using synthetic views as predictors. In this paper, an in-loop view synthesis framework is proposed, where the synthesized predictor is encoded as a special motion compensated predictor and the motion information is encoded as one of the motion predictors in skip/merge candidate list for HEVC-based 3D video coding. The proposed scheme is applicable to both texture coding and depth coding. The experimental results show that the proposed framework improved the coding performance up to 12.1% for dependent views.
|
[
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
] |
10.1007/JHEP02(2016)125
|
Scalar Scattering Via Conformal Higher Spin Exchange
|
Theories containing infinite number of higher spin fields require a particular definition of summation over spins consistent with their underlying symmetries. We consider a model of massless scalars interacting (via bilinear conserved currents) with conformal higher spin fields in flat space. We compute the tree-level four-scalar scattering amplitude using a natural prescription for summation over an infinite set of conformal higher spin exchanges and find that it vanishes. Independently, we show that the vanishing of the scalar scattering amplitude is, in fact, implied by the global conformal higher spin symmetry of this model. We also discuss one-loop corrections to the four-scalar scattering amplitude.
|
[
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Mathematics"
] |
W1864312743
|
Experiences of being co-assistant: a pilot study
|
Background: Co-assistant program is an important part in medical education in Indonesia. However, the evaluation for the effectiveness of this program is needed to produce the professional medical doctors. This study aimed to explore the experience of being co-assistance in medical education in Indonesia. Methods: This study used the descriptive qualitative approach by involving 12 medical doctors who had the experience of being co-assistant. The data in this study were analyzed by content analysis model using four cognitive processes: comprehending, synthesizing, theorizing, and re-contextualizing. Results: The findings emerged from the data consisted of having good learning experiences, seniority matter, and inappropriate examination. Conclusions: Considering the information from the students in this program was value, therefore, it is suggested that medical educators need to reconsider and evaluate the process of co-assistance program.
|
[
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
] |
W1500521838
|
One modulo N gracefulness of splitting graphs and subdivision of double triangle graphs
|
A function f is called a graceful labelling of a graph G with q edges if f is an injection from the vertices of G to the set {0, 1, 2, . . ., q} such that, when each edge xy is assigned the label |f(x) − f(y)|, the resulting edge labels are distinct. A graph G is said to be one modulo N graceful (where N is a positive integer) if there is a function φ from the vertex set of G to {0, 1, N, (N + 1), 2N, (2N + 1), . . . , N(q − 1), N(q − 1) + 1} in such a way that (i) φ is 1 − 1 (ii)φ induces a bijection φ* from the edge set of G to {1, N + 1, 2N + 1, . . . , N(q − 1) + 1} where φ*(uv)=|φ(u) − φ(v)| . In this paper we prove that S’(P2n) , S’(P2n+1) , S’(K1,n) , all subdivision of double triangular snakes (2Δk-snake) and all subdivision of 2mΔk-snake are one modulo N graceful for all positive integers N.
|
[
"Mathematics"
] |
10.1109/TIT.2016.2602222
|
Group Sparse Model Selection Hardness And Relaxations
|
Group-based sparsity models are instrumental in linear and non-linear regression problems. The main premise of these models is the recovery of “interpretable” signals through the identification of their constituent groups, which can also provably translate in substantial savings in the number of measurements for linear models in compressive sensing. In this paper, we establish a combinatorial framework for group-model selection problems and highlight the underlying tractability issues. In particular, we show that the group-model selection problem is equivalent to the well-known NP-hard weighted maximum coverage problem. Leveraging a graph-based understanding of group models, we describe group structures that enable correct model selection in polynomial time via dynamic programming. Furthermore, we show that popular group structures can be explained by linear inequalities involving totally unimodular matrices, which afford other polynomial time algorithms based on relaxations. We also present a generalization of the group model that allows for within group sparsity, which can be used to model hierarchical sparsity. Finally, we study the Pareto frontier between approximation error and sparsity budget of group-sparse approximations for two tractable models, among which the tree sparsity model, and illustrate selection and computation tradeoffs between our framework and the existing convex relaxations.
|
[
"Mathematics",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
] |
W1999754097
|
Adiposity and blood pressure among 55 000 relatively lean rural adults in southwest of China
|
Abstract Obesity is a strong determinant of blood pressure. Uncertainty remains, however, about which indices of adiposity most strongly predict blood pressure, particularly among those who were relatively lean, such as those from rural China. We analyzed cross-sectional data on 55 687 (38.3% men) participants aged 30–79 years who were enrolled into the China Kadoorie Biobank from a rural county in southwest of China during 2004–2008. Measured body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) were related to blood pressure in multivariable linear regression analyses. The overall mean values of BMI, WC, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were 23.3 kg m −2 , 78.0 cm, 129.2 mm Hg and 77.2 mm Hg, respectively. There was a strongly positive, and apparently linear, relationship of BMI and WC with blood pressure, with 1 s.d. higher BMI associated with 4.3/2.3 mm Hg higher SBP/DBP and 1 s.d. WC associated with 3.8/2.1 mm Hg ( P <0.0001). Additional adjustment for WC only slightly attenuated the association of BMI with blood pressure, whereas additional adjustment for BMI almost completely eliminated the association of WC with blood pressure. Our findings suggest that in relatively lean Chinese adults, general adiposity is more strongly assciated with blood pressure than central adiposity.
|
[
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
] |
819933
|
A WORLD WITHOUT SCARS: Regenerating wounded skin rather than patching with scars
|
Scars are a mystery. They rarely develop in lower vertebrates, where the norm is a complete regeneration of damaged tissues, but are frequent in mammals including humans. Scar phenotypes depend on different injury types, anatomic locations, age, gender and species. The natural diversity of scars includes rare cases, where damaged tissues regenerate without scarring. The scar/regeneration decision remains unresolved and scar prevention is a clinical challenge.
Current research has been held up by conceptual and operational bottlenecks. The current conceptual notion comes from experiments showing that scarring depends on the internal environment of the injured organ. I challenged this notion by uncovering specialized fibroblast cell lineages that regenerate connective tissues without scars, anywhere, anytime. My hypothesis is that the decision to scar/regenerate lies in the compositions of specific fibroblast types. To further study this theory I had to resolve a second bottleneck, the current lack of assays that display the full complexity of scarring and regeneration. I have thus developed innovative technological approaches (four novel tools) that allow whole-animal live imaging, tracking and gene modification of fibroblasts.
Building on these innovative tools and my expertise in cell lineages as linchpins of this proposal, I aim to: (1) catalogue the repertoires of dermal fibroblast lineages, (2) image their dynamics during scarring/regeneration (3) identify the decision-making genes for scarring/regeneration in actual skin tissues, and finally (4) translate our findings from mouse to human skin. This new notion that specialized fibroblast lineages drive scarring/regeneration, combined with the technology breakthroughs, will greatly advance our current understanding of scar formation, which is a significant worldwide biomedical problem, creating new research avenues for regenerative medicine far beyond the current state-of-the-art.
|
[
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
] |
282280
|
Molecular Anatomy and Pathophysiology of the endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria interface
|
Organelles are not randomly organized in the cytoplasm of the cell, but often are orderly arranged in mutual relationships that depend on physical, protein bounds. Understanding the molecular nature of the tethers that regulate relative position and juxtaposition of the organelles is one of the main quests of cell biology, given their functional importance. For example, the juxtaposition between mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has been suggested by us and others to crucially impact on Ca2+ signalling and apoptosis. We recently identified the first structural ER-mitochondrial tether in mitofusin 2 (Mfn2), a pro-fusion mitochondria-shaping protein. A fraction of Mfn2 is also located on the ER regulating its morphology, and acting in trans to tether it to mitochondria. The tethering function of Mfn2 impacts on the transmission of Ca2+ signals between the two organelles and is regulated by the oncosuppressor trichoplein/mitostatin. Mfn2 is likely only one of the tethers, as others exist in yeast. Furthermore, the dynamicity of the ER-mitochondria contact is known, but remains poorly understood. Therefore, a clear picture of the anatomy and pathophsyiology of ER-mitochondrial connection is far from being reached.
Here we hypothesize that ER-mitochondrial contacts are crucial specialized hubs of cellular signalling whose architecture is modulated by cellular cues, impacting on integrated signalling cascades and ultimately affecting cellular function. To address this hypothesis we wish to setup a research project that aims at (i) increasing our knowledge on the molecular nature of tethers and modulators of ER-mitochondrial tethers in mammalian cells; (ii) clarifying how mitochondrial and ER function are controlled by the tethering; (iii) addressing how juxtaposition influences complex cellular responses including autophagy and cell death; (iv) elucidating the role of tethering in vivo by generating animal models with defined ER-mitochondrial distance.
|
[
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
] |
3733320
|
Training in upscaling particle systems: advancing industry across length-scales
|
The overarching objective of TUSAIL is to train 15 creative, entrepreneurial and innovative Early Stage Researchers (ESRs) in developing, applying and validating novel methodologies for upscaling of particulate systems across the length-scales and this way to help advance the innovation capacity in European industry. Training and research of the ESRs will be structured involving multiple disciplines (physics, engineering, informatics and mathematics), internationally covered by all partners, and involving state-of-the-art research and transferable, intersectoral skills from both academia and industry. This will deliver a cohort of experts in upscaling techniques able to eliminate industry’s reliance on traditional, costly pilot plants and thereby enhance European competitiveness, reducing risks and saving valuable resources. The ambitious training goal will be completed by top-edge research in three research WPs that address three complementary methods to modernise upscaling with an overarching WP that combines calibration and validation, targeting applications in real-life industrial practice. The TUSAIL multidisciplinary team with top level academic institutions, complemented by leaders in the field from the nonacademic sector, will deliver ESRs with strongly enhanced career perspectives and the ability to address critical challenges in the field and at the same time strengthen Europe’s human capital base in R&I.
|
[
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Materials Engineering"
] |
Q14116
|
Construcción de un centro de formación en la empresa STδECHY Šot, s. r. o.
|
Roof Šot s.r.o. es una empresa que realiza trabajos de techado, carpintería, fontanería y aislante. Tiene muchos años de experiencia en el campo y trabaja con énfasis en la calidad del trabajo realizado. Aunque la empresa cuenta con tecnología de última generación, se da cuenta de que para mantener un alto nivel de servicios y consultoría, es necesario aumentar el conocimiento práctico y teórico de sus empleados. El objetivo del proyecto es crear un centro de formación y equiparlo completamente. El volumen de inversión es de 6,5 millones de coronas checas.
|
[
"Products and Processes Engineering"
] |
268078
|
Spectroscopy and microscopy of single ions in the solid state
|
The progress in optical spectroscopy has made it is possible to study individual quantum emitters. However, only a few select “bright” emitters have been detected so far, leaving a large gap in the choice of critical parameters such as wavelength, coherence time, and energy level schemes. In this project, we develop methods for the detection of single emitters with long fluorescence lifetimes. In particular, we concentrate on rare earth ions embedded in crystals, which are of great technological and fundamental interest. To achieve this goal, we exploit methods from ultrahigh resolution microscopy, laser spectroscopy, scanning probe technology, cavity quantum electrodynamics, and plasmonics.
The first approach to the detection of single ions at cryogenic temperatures will be to perform direct fluorescence excitation as well as absorption spectroscopy to address single Pr3+ ions spectrally within the inhomogeneous line of the sample. Here, we will develop a tunable laser system with sub-kHz linewidth for probing the narrow transitions of the ions. We expect a signal-to-noise ratio of about 10 in this first step. In order to improve this, we will enhance the emission of ions by pursuing two strategies. In the first case, we shall embed doped crystalline films in monolithic Bragg microcavities. In the second approach, we use plasmonic nanoantennas to reduce the radiative lifetime of the ions in the near field. The well-defined energy levels of ions provide ways for the preparation of long-lived coherent states for use in quantum information processing. Furthermore, access to the homogeneous spectra of ions at different temperatures and doping concentrations will shed light on fundamental open questions regarding their interaction with their matrices.
|
[
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
] |
802885
|
How distress alters opioid drug effects and abuse liability
|
As the opioid epidemic escalates, we must ask: why are opioids so addictive? Non-human animal research links addiction with the powerful relief opioids can offer to animals in distress. In humans, epidemiological and clinical studies converge upon social stressors and a poor social support network as key risk factors for addiction. Despite this, it is currently unknown how pre-drug distress might alter opioid drug effects. Tremendous resources are dedicated to charting how people feel after taking a drug, sidestepping the potentially profound influence of how people feel before they take the drug. Here, I will turn the current approach on its head. Using acute social distress induction before morphine administration in healthy humans, I will create a human model to determine the psychological, physiological and brain underpinnings of how social stressors increase opioids’ abuse liability.
First, I will test the hypothesis that pre-drug distress enhances drug wanting (self-administration) but not drug liking (self-report) compared to drug effects in a control condition. Second, I will use opioid blockade to confirm or falsify the hypothesis that opioid drugs ‘hijack’ brain mechanisms underpinning social support. Third, I will determine to what extent opioid drug effects are dopamine-dependent by blocking dopamine before morphine administration. I will also apply computational modelling and functional imaging to elucidate the underlying brain mechanisms. Thus, the proposal offers a powerful new methodology for resolving hotly debated questions on the independent contributions of opioids and dopamine for reward and abuse liability.
In sum, the project aims to achieve a breakthrough in our understanding of how a pre-drug social distress state can alter opioid drug mechanisms. The mechanistic understanding arising from this project could have profound implications for science, as well as for clinical care and new policies designed to contain the opioid epidemic.
|
[
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
] |
10.1016/j.placenta.2017.07.001
|
Maternal BMI and gestational diabetes alter placental lipid transporters and fatty acid composition
|
Introduction Placental fatty acid (FA) uptake and metabolism depend on maternal supply which may be altered when women have a high pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) or develop gestational diabetes (GDM). Consequently, an impaired FA transport to the fetus may negatively affect fetal development. While placental adaptation of maternal-fetal glucose transfer in mild GDM has been described, knowledge on placental FA acid metabolism and possible adaptations in response to maternal obesity or GDM is lacking. We aimed to analyze the FA composition and the expression of key genes involved in FA uptake and metabolism in placentas from women with pre-pregnancy normal weight (18. 5 ≤ BMI<25 kg/m2), overweight (25 ≤ BMI<30 kg/m2), obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2), and lean pregnant women with GDM. Methods Placental FA content was determined by gas liquid chromatography. Placental mRNA expression of FA transport proteins (FATP1, FATP4, FATP6), FA binding proteins (FABP3, FABP4, FABP7), FA translocase (FAT/CD36) and enzymes (Endothelial lipase (EL) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL)) were quantified by qRT-PCR. Results High pre-pregnancy BMI and GDM were associated with decreased placental FATP1, FATP4, EL and increased FAT/CD36 and FATP6 expressions. LPL mRNA levels and placental total FA content were similar among groups. Specific FA, including some long-chain polyunsaturated FA, were altered. Discussion Our results demonstrate that high pre-pregnancy BMI or GDM independently alter mRNA expression levels of genes involved in FA uptake and metabolism and the placental FA profile, which could affect fetal development and long-term health.
|
[
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
] |
10.1007/978-1-4939-3411-9_6
|
Patch-clamp recording from myelinated central axons
|
Axons perform the main fundamental electrical operations of neurons. Emerging near the soma, axons integrate synaptic potentials, convert these into action potentials, and conduct the output signal to the presynaptic terminals. With the establishment of patch-clamp recording techniques in brain slices in combination with high-resolution microscopy, it has now become possible to visually target patch-clamp electrodes to various domains of the axon. This chapter provides an overview of the methodology for obtaining patch-clamp recordings from axons, with a focus on their unmyelinated regions, including the axon initial segment and axonal cut endings. Axonal patch-clamp recordings are a prerequisite for the study of the biophysics and diversity of axonal voltage-gated ion channels; in particular, high-temporal resolution, low-noise voltage recordings offer detailed insights into the fast computational properties of central nervous system axons.
|
[
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
] |
10.1098/rsob.150030
|
Discovery of sea urchin NGFFFamide receptor unites a bilaterian neuropeptide family
|
Neuropeptides are ancient regulators of physiology and behaviour, but reconstruction of neuropeptide evolution is often difficult owing to lack of sequence conservation. Here, we report that the receptor for the neuropeptide NGFFFamide in the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (phylum Echinodermata) is an orthologue of vertebrate neuropeptide-S (NPS) receptors and crustacean cardioactive peptide (CCAP) receptors. Importantly, this has facilitated reconstruction of the evolution of two bilaterian neuropeptide signalling systems. Genes encoding the precursor of a vasopressin/oxytocin-type neuropeptide and its receptor duplicated in a common ancestor of the Bilateria. One copy of the precursor retained ancestral features, as seen in highly conserved vasopressin/oxytocin–neurophysin-type precursors. The other copy diverged, but this took different courses in protostomes and deuterostomes. In protostomes, the occurrence of a disulfide bridge in neuropeptide product(s) of the precursor was retained, as in CCAP, but with loss of the neurophysin domain. In deuterostomes, we see the opposite scenario—the neuropeptides lost the disulfide bridge, and neurophysin was retained (as in the NGFFFamide precursor) but was subsequently lost in vertebrate NPS precursors. Thus, the sea urchin NGFFFamide precursor and receptor are ‘missing links’ in the evolutionary history of neuropeptides that control ecdysis in arthropods (CCAP) and regulate anxiety in humans (NPS).
|
[
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System"
] |
10.1182/blood.2018881243
|
A role for macrophages in hematopoiesis in the embryonic head
|
Key Points
Macrophages in the hindbrain-branchial arches region of the mouse embryo play a role HS/PC expansion and/or maturation. Macrophages from embryonic head hematopoietic niches produce pro-inflammatory factor TNF-α and enhance HS/PC expansion and/or maturation
|
[
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy"
] |
10.1103/PhysRevB.92.094517
|
Experimentally observable signatures of odd-frequency pairing in multiband superconductors
|
We investigate how hybridization (single-quasiparticle scattering) between two superconducting bands induces odd-frequency superconductivity in a multiband superconductor. An explicit derivation of the odd-frequency pairing correlation and its full frequency dependence is given. We also find that the density of states is modified, at higher energies, from the sum of the two BCS spectra to also include additional hybridization gaps with strong coherence peaks when odd-frequency pairing is present. These gaps constitute clear experimentally measurable signatures of odd-frequency pairing in multiband superconductors.
|
[
"Condensed Matter Physics"
] |
10.1103/PhysRevB.101.214507
|
Bulk odd-frequency pairing in the superconducting Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model
|
The Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model describes fermions that hop on a one-dimensional chain with staggered hopping amplitude, where the unit cell contains two sites, or two sublattices. In this work we consider the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model with superconducting pairing and show that the sublattice index acts as an additional quantum number in the classification of Cooper pairs, giving rise to inter- A nd intrasublattice odd-frequency pair correlations in the bulk. Interestingly, this system behaves as a two-band superconductor where the bulk odd-frequency correlations depend solely on the intrinsic staggering properties of the model. In general, odd-frequency correlations coexist with even-frequency correlations in both the trivial and topological phases, with comparable and even larger odd-frequency amplitudes at the topological phase transition points at low frequencies, due to the closing of the energy gap at these points. Furthermore, we also discuss how bulk odd-frequency amplitudes are correlated with pseudogaps in the density of states and also with a charge density wave that appears due to the chemical potential imbalance between sublattices.
|
[
"Condensed Matter Physics"
] |
10.1111/ssqu.12588
|
Sequential Requisites Analysis: A New Method for Analyzing Sequential Relationships in Ordinal Data*
|
Objectives: This article presents a new method inspired by evolutionary biology for analyzing longer sequences of requisites for the emergence of particular outcome variables across numerous combinations of ordinal variables in social science analysis. Methods: The approach is a sorting algorithm through repeated pairwise investigations of states in a set of variables and identifying what states in the variables occur before states in all other variables. We illustrate the proposed method by analyzing a set of variables from version 7. 1 of the V-Dem data set (Coppedge et al. 2017. Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Project; Pemstein et al. 2017. University of Gothenburg, Varieties of Democracy Institute: Working Paper No. 21). With a large set of indicators measured over many years, the method makes it possible to identify and compare long, complex sequences across many variables. Results: This affords an opportunity, for example, to disentangle the sequential requisites of failing and successful sequences in democratization, or if requisites are different during different time periods. Conclusions: For policy purposes, this is instrumental: Which components of democracy occur earlier and which later? Which components of democracy are therefore the ideal targets for democracy promotion at different stages?.
|
[
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
] |
W2089431279
|
Almost-Periodic Higher Order Statistic Estimation
|
In this paper, stochastic processes with higher order statistical functions decomposable into an almost-periodic function plus a residual term not containing finite-strength additive sinewave components are considered. These processes arise in mobile communications when almost-cyclostationary (ACS) processes pass through time-varying channels. They include as special case the generalized almost-cyclostationary processes which, in turn, include the ACS processes. In the paper, the problem of estimating the Fourier coefficients of the (generalized) Fourier series expansion of the almost-periodic component of higher order statistical functions is addressed. Estimators are proposed for cyclic temporal cross moment and cumulants. They are proved to be mean square consistent and asymptotically complex Normal under mild assumptions on the memory of the processes expressed in terms of summability of cross cumulants. Numerical results confirm the theoretical results and the derived rate of convergence to zero of bias and standard deviation of the estimators.
|
[
"Mathematics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
] |
10.1038/s41467-019-09448-8
|
Multiple plant diversity components drive consumer communities across ecosystems
|
Humans modify ecosystems and biodiversity worldwide, with negative consequences for ecosystem functioning. Promoting plant diversity is increasingly suggested as a mitigation strategy. However, our mechanistic understanding of how plant diversity affects the diversity of heterotrophic consumer communities remains limited. Here, we disentangle the relative importance of key components of plant diversity as drivers of herbivore, predator, and parasitoid species richness in experimental forests and grasslands. We find that plant species richness effects on consumer species richness are consistently positive and mediated by elevated structural and functional diversity of the plant communities. The importance of these diversity components differs across trophic levels and ecosystems, cautioning against ignoring the fundamental ecological complexity of biodiversity effects. Importantly, plant diversity effects on higher trophic-level species richness are in many cases mediated by modifications of consumer abundances. In light of recently reported drastic declines in insect abundances, our study identifies important pathways connecting plant diversity and consumer diversity across ecosystems.
|
[
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Earth System Science"
] |
W2005612618
|
Translating the Genomic Architecture of Breast Cancer into Clinical Applications
|
The genetic alterations in breast cancer have in recent years been studied through a variety of techniques: analysis of alterations in individual oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes; gene expression profiling of both messenger RNA and microRNA; global analysis of DNA copy number changes; and most recently, whole-genome sequence analysis. Analysis of the association between genetic alterations and gene expression profiles with prognosis and response to specific treatments will lead to improved possibilities for patient-tailored treatment. Russnes et al. now add an additional view on the complex genetic makeup of breast carcinomas by developing algorithms that can be used to subclassify tumors based on their patterns of genome-wide DNA copy number gains and losses, which vary from very simple (only a few gains and losses) to complex. The algorithms provide indices that can be used in conjunction with results from other genetic analyses to subclassify breast cancer, with the aim of defining subgroups of patients that differ with respect to prognosis and response to therapy.
|
[
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
] |
742102
|
Quantum Emitters in non-conventional baths
|
The coupling of quantum emitters to a common bath gives rise to intriguing quantum optical phenomena, like super-radiance, non-Markovian dynamics, or dipole-dipole interactions. In recent years, new experimental setups are emerging where non-conventional baths, with tailored dispersion relations, can be produced. In particular, atoms (the emitters) can be kept in the proximity of photonic crystals (the bath), whose properties can be engineered thanks to the spectacular progress experienced in nano-fabrication techniques. Low dimensional mate- rials, dispersion relations with Dirac points, or exotic topological features can be designed in photonic crystals, which will dramatically affect the behavior of the emitters. In this scenario, exotic phenomena, unique possibilities for quantum simulation of both coherent and dissipa- tive dynamics, as well as advanced applications are expected to appear. Presently, a new research area is emerging to investigate the physics of emitters coupled to non- conventional baths.
In this project we will: (i) develop the theoretical tools required to investigate this new area; (ii) explore and characterize novel phenomena; and (iii) propose and analyze other physical setups where those phenomena can be observed and exploited (in the context of quantum information and simulation). The research will involve the development of innovative tech- niques to describe new scenarios in quantum optics and many-body physics, as well as re- search on atoms interacting with photonic crystals, in optical lattices, and quantum dots in- teracting with surface acoustic waves.
This interdisciplinary project involves concepts and ideas from quantum optics, many-body quantum physics, and quantum information, research fields where the PI has a vast experi- ence. This, together with a close collaboration with leading experimentalists will provide us with a unique environment for the successful accomplishment of the objectives of the project.
|
[
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
] |
10.1146/annurev-psych-010814-015355
|
The evolution of altruism in humans
|
Humans are an intensely social species, frequently performing costly behaviors that benefit others. Efforts to solve the evolutionary puzzle of altruism have a lengthy history, and recent years have seen many important advances across a range of disciplines. Here we bring together this interdisciplinary body of research and review the main theories that have been proposed to explain human prosociality, with an emphasis on kinship, reciprocity, indirect reciprocity, punishment, and morality. We highlight recent methodological advances that are stimulating research and point to some areas that either remain controversial or merit more attention.
|
[
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity",
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
] |
10.1039/C5NR05173H
|
Surface Bioengineering Of Diatomite Based Nanovectors For Efficient Intracellular Uptake And Drug Delivery
|
Diatomite is a natural porous silica material of sedimentary origin. Due to its peculiar properties, it can be considered as a valid surrogate of synthetic porous silica for nano-based drug delivery. In this work, we exploit the potential of diatomite nanoparticles (DNPs) for drug delivery with the aim of developing a successful dual-biofunctionalization method by polyethylene glycol (PEG) coverage and cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) bioconjugation, to improve the physicochemical and biological properties of the particles, to enhance the intracellular uptake in cancer cells, and to increase the biocompatibility of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APT) modified-DNPs. DNPs-APT-PEG-CPP showed hemocompatibility for up to 200 μg mL−1 after 48 h of incubation with erythrocytes, with a hemolysis value of only 1. 3%. The cytotoxicity of the modified-DNPs with a concentration up to 200 μg mL−1 and incubation with MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells for 24 h, demonstrated that PEGylation and CPP-bioconjugation can strongly reduce the cytotoxicity of DNPs-APT. The cellular uptake of the modified-DNPs was also evaluated using the above mentioned cancer cell lines, showing that the CPP-bioconjugation can considerably increase the DNP cellular uptake. Moreover, the dual surface modification of DNPs improved both the loading of a poorly water-soluble anticancer drug, sorafenib, with a loading degree up to 22 wt%, and also enhanced the drug release profiles in aqueous solutions. Overall, this work demonstrates that the biofunctionalization of DNPs is a promising platform for drug delivery applications in cancer therapy as a result of its enhanced stability, biocompatibility, cellular uptake, and drug release profiles.
|
[
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Materials Engineering"
] |
647473
|
Coping with water scarcity in a globalized world
|
We intend to set up a new globalized perspective to tackle water and food security in the 21st century. This issue is intrinsically global as the international trade of massive amounts of food makes societies less reliant on locally available water, and entails large-scale transfers of virtual water (defined as the water needed to produce a given amount of a food commodity). The network of virtual water trade connects a large portion of the global population, with 2800 km3 of virtual water moved around the globe in a year. We provide here definitive indications on the effects of the globalization of (virtual) water on the vulnerability to a water crisis of the global water system. More specifically, we formulate the following research hypotheses:
1) The globalization of (virtual) water resources is a short-term solution to malnourishment, famine, and conflicts, but it also has relevant negative implications for human societies.
2) The virtual water dynamics provide the suitable framework in order to quantitatively relate water-crises occurrence to environmental and socio-economic factors.
3) The risk of catastrophic, global-scale, water crises will increase in the next decades.
To test these hypotheses, we will capitalize on the tremendous amount of information embedded in nearly 50 years of available food and virtual water trade data. We will adopt an innovative research approach based on the use of: advanced statistical tools for data verification and uncertainty modeling; methods borrowed from the complex network theory, aimed at analyzing the propagation of failures through the network; multivariate nonlinear analyses, to reproduce the dependence of virtual water on time and on external drivers; multi-state stochastic modeling, to study the effect on the global water system of random fluctuations of the external drivers; and scenario analysis, to predict the future probability of occurrence of water crises.
|
[
"Earth System Science",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
] |
10.1016/j.cortex.2015.10.023
|
Distinct patterns of local oscillatory activity and functional connectivity underlie intersensory attention and temporal prediction
|
Intersensory attention (IA) describes our ability to attend to stimuli of one sensory modality, while disregarding other modalities. Temporal prediction (TP) describes the process of directing attention to specific moments in time. Both attention mechanisms facilitate sensory stimulus processing, yet it is not understood whether they rely on common or distinct network patterns. In this electroencephalography (EEG) study, we presented auditory cues followed by visuo-tactile stimuli. The cues indicated whether participants should detect visual or tactile targets in the visuo-tactile stimuli. TP was manipulated by presenting stimuli block-wise at fixed or variable inter-stimulus intervals. We analysed power and functional connectivity of source-projected oscillations. We computed graph theoretical measures to identify networks underlying IA and TP. Participants responded faster when stimuli were presented with fixed compared to variable inter-stimulus intervals, demonstrating a facilitating effect of TP. Distinct patterns of local delta-, alpha-, and beta-band power modulations and differential functional connectivity in the alpha- and beta-bands reflected the influence of IA and TP. An interaction between IA and TP was found in theta-band connectivity in a network comprising frontal, somatosensory and parietal areas. Our study provides insights into how IA and TP dynamically shape oscillatory power and functional connectivity to facilitate stimulus processing.
|
[
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
] |
W2097285510
|
Gutter Design and Business Development for Domestic Rainwater Harvesting Systems: A Case Study
|
Rainwater harvesting is a simple and effective tool to collect and store water for domestic and institutional use. In developing countries, captured rainwater can be used to replace or supplement government-supplied or manually-transported water. A rainwater harvesting system consists of a catchment area, gutter, and storage tank. Gutters typically have a V-shaped, trapezoidal or rectangular cross-section. This work presents a case study on the design and performance analysis of three conventional and one novel, “wrapped” gutter cross-section along with the implementation of a novel gutter design in the developing world. A Team of undergraduate students performed the design and analysis and, though a service-learning experience in May 2013, investigated barriers to implementing rainwater harvesting in central Kenya. It was found that while gutters can be easily fabrication and installed using locally-available materials and skill-sets, for consumer, the potential return on investment was low and the cost of implementation was high. For producers and installers, non-uniform roof designs and conditions was a major obstacle.
|
[
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Earth System Science"
] |
interreg_744
|
Improved rail connections and smart mobility in Central Europe
|
CONNECT2CE aims at tackling the weak accessibility of regional, peripheral and cross-border areas of Central Europe to/from the main regional/national/EU transport networks and hubs, caused by the long lasting phenomenon of urbanisation, as a consequence of which rural population has been steadily decreasing, leading to lower density and sparsely populated rural and peripheral areas, where efficient public transport (PT) is challenging. CONNECT2CE will enhance the qualitative and quantitative understanding and the awareness of present and future regional public transport systems in CE and endow project partners, authorities and regional PT operators with tools and skills to shape their PT policies. Ultimately, this will improve the capacities of the public sector in CE to efficiently plan peripheral and cross-border public transport systems.
CONNECT2CE will do so by elaborating harmonised and coordinated strategies and tools to be mainstreamed and implemented at regional and cross border level through pilot actions, in three areas all connected and intertwined to each other and all being essential elements that contribute to the enhancement of PT services of peripheral/PSCs, harmonisation of multimodal timetables, regional and cross-border rail services); 2) Integrated ticketing and tariff schemes (integration of regional and cross border multimodal tickets will be tested and implemented for the first time); 3) Implementation of the most efficient and innovative ICT tools on info-mobility.
These outputs will be developed at transnational level, as common solutions to common problems. They need to be jointly elaborated. This approach will be applied throughout the duration of the project, by the active participation of all PPs in all WPs applying the elaborated transnational strategies and action plans at regional and cross-border level, combining transport and territorial development.
|
[
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space",
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
] |
10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00429
|
Internally directed cognition and mindfulness: An integrative perspective derived from predictive and reactive control systems theory
|
In the present paper, we will apply the predictive and reactive control systems (PARCS) theory as a framework that integrates competing theories of neural substrates of awareness by describing the "default mode network" (DMN) and anterior insula (AI) as parts of two different behavioral and homeostatic control systems. The DMN, a network that becomes active at rest when there is no external stimulation or task to perform, has been implicated in self-reflective awareness and prospection. By contrast, the AI is associated with awareness and task-related attention. This has led to competing theories stressing the role of the DMN in self-awareness vs. the role of interoceptive and emotional information integration in the AI in awareness of the emotional moment. In PARCS, the respective functions of the DMN and AI in a specific control system explains their association with different qualities of awareness, and how mental states can shift from one state (e. g. , prospective self-reflection) to the other (e. g. , awareness of the emotional moment) depending on the relative dominance of control systems. These shifts between reactive and predictive control are part of processes that enable the intake of novel information, integration of this novel information within existing knowledge structures, and the creation of a continuous personal context in which novel information can be integrated and understood. As such, PARCS can explain key characteristics of mental states, such as their temporal and spatial focus (e. g. , a focus on the here and now vs. the future; a first person vs. a third person perspective). PARCS further relates mental states to brain states and functions, such as activation of the DMN or hemispheric asymmetry in frontal cortical functions. Together, PARCS deepens the understanding of a broad range of mental states, including mindfulness, mind wandering, rumination, autobiographical memory, imagery, and the experience of self.
|
[
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
] |
10.1007/978-3-319-64371-7_14
|
Strain Diversity And The Evolution Of Antibiotic Resistance
|
Drug resistance is best thought of as an ongoing biological process. Resistant bacteria must emerge, become established and ultimately transmit in order to be relevant to human health. In this context, genetic diversity can influence the rate and likelihood of resistance emerging; it can also modulate the net physiological impact of resistance and the propensity of an organism to improve any defects that arise from it. Combined, these effects can have an impact on a larger scale, with highly transmissible drug-resistant bacterial strains posing a formidable threat to global health. These considerations are pertinent to the future of tuberculosis control as well. In this chapter, we review our current understanding of the impact of genetic diversity in the broadest sense on the evolution of drug-resistant members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex.
|
[
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
] |
310018
|
Investigating Hereditary Cancer Predisposition – a combined genomics approach
|
Background: Hereditary cancer is an important cause of morbidity and mortality and over the last 20 years, the majority of highly penetrant risk alleles such as BRCA1, BRCA2 in breast cancer and APC, MLH1, MSH2 in colon cancer have been identified. However, there are many men and women who have a strong family of cancer for whom we cannot provide answers because no mutation is found in known genes.
Objectives: i) To identify new candidate breast cancer susceptibility loci by an innovative combination of exome sequencing technology and genome-wide allele-specific expression analysis of BRCA1/2-negative women with strong family histories of BC. This approach will be complemented by exomic sequencing of carefully selected matched cohorts of women with unilateral and bilateral breast cancer on whom extensive demographic and clinical data is available. ii) To study selected gene candidates in more detail at the DNA, RNA and protein level. iii) To apply the knowledge gained in the genomic study of breast cancer to other cancer predisposition syndromes.
Significance: At present, the new combined approach of EST and ASE has several advantages over the alternative option of whole genome sequencing in the identification of rare functional variants; not only will EST plus ASE be cheaper and faster than a whole genome sequencing approach, but it will also allow us to explore the potentially unappreciated roles of allelic silencing (through regulatory or epigenetic variants) in cancer susceptibility, which would not be captured using genomic sequencing in isolation. We will commence the project with breast cancer families and then apply the same approach to other types of hereditary cancers. This proposal is focused on individuals who face a truly high risk for cancer but for whom predictive information is lacking and therefore this proposal is likely to have a direct translational benefit.
|
[
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
] |
10.1016/j.agrformet.2013.06.007
|
Growing season eddy covariance measurements of carbonyl sulfide and CO<inf>2</inf> fluxes: COS and CO<inf>2</inf> relationships in Southern Great Plains winter wheat
|
To test the capabilities of newly available instrumentation and to explore the dynamics of carbonyl sulfide (COS) as a proxy for the measurement of canopy-scale gross primary production (GPP), we conducted an experiment to measure the simultaneous net transfer of COS and CO2 between the atmosphere and a growing wheat canopy, senesced wheat, and the harvested field (located in the Southern Great Plains of the U. S. ) using the eddy covariance technique. We found that during the growing season, there was a strong uptake of COS by the canopy (roughly between -10 and -40pmolm-2s-1) with a strong diel signal that mirrored net CO2 fluxes. After senescence and over the harvested field, we observed a strong source of COS to the atmosphere (up to +40pmolm-2s-1) that exhibited a weaker diel pattern, again similar to CO2. These results suggest that the dynamics of COS are more complicated than once thought, but that it may still be possible to independently derive canopy-scale GPP from direct COS measurements and to use them as model constraints on the atmospheric carbon cycle. To demonstrate this, we computed an average value of leaf relative uptake (LRU) (the scaling factor between GPP and ratios of the fluxes of COS and CO2 and ratios of the atmospheric concentrations of COS and CO2) that is in good agreement with laboratory results.
|
[
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Earth System Science"
] |
FR 2013053031 W
|
IMPROVED STARTER FOR PISTON ENGINE ALLOWING A MITIGATION OF THE RESISTIVE TORQUE
|
The present invention pertains to a system for starting a piston engine, comprising a crankshaft (1) adapted to rotate a shaft of said piston engine, and a starter (2), said system being characterised in that it further comprises a sequence of gimbals (3) comprising at least one universal joint, said series of gimbals (3) comprising an input shaft (5) adapted to be selectively rotatably connected to the starter (2), and an output shaft (6) rotatably connected to the crankshaft (1), said sequence of gimbals carry out a transformation of the instantaneous rotational velocity of the output shaft (6) relative to the intake shaft (5) that makes it possible to smooth out the resistive torque resulting from the compressions.
|
[
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
] |
10.3389/fmicb.2017.00750
|
Microbial community response on wastewater discharge in boreal lake sediments
|
Despite high performance, municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) still discharge significant amounts of organic material and nitrogen and even microbes into the receiving water bodies, altering physico-chemical conditions and microbial functions. In this study, we examined how nitrified wastewater affects the microbiology of boreal lake sediments. Microbial community compositions were assessed with next generation sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene, and a more detailed view on nitrogen transformation processes was gained with qPCR targeting on functional genes (nirS, nirK, nosZI, nosZII, amoAarchaea, and amoAbacteria). In both of the two studied lake sites, the microbial community composition differed significantly between control point and wastewater discharge point, and a gradual shift toward natural community composition was seen downstream following the wastewater gradient. SourceTracker analysis predicted that ~2% of sediment microbes were of WWTP-origin on the study site where wastewater was freely mixed with the lake water, while when wastewater was specially discharged to the sediment surface, ~6% of microbes originated from WWTP, but the wastewater-influenced area was more limited. In nitrogen transformation processes, the ratio between nitrifying archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB) was affected by wastewater effluent, as the AOA abundance decreased from the control point (AOA:AOB 28:1 in Keuruu, 11:1 in Petäjävesi) to the wastewater-influenced sampling points, where AOB dominated (AOA:AOB 1:2-1:15 in Keuruu, 1:3-1:19 in Petäjävesi). The study showed that wastewater can affect sediment microbial community through importing nutrients and organic material and altering habitat characteristics, but also through bringing wastewater-originated microbes to the sediment, and may thus have significant impact on the freshwater biogeochemistry, especially in the nutrient-poor boreal ecosystems.
|
[
"Earth System Science",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
] |
10.1128/AEM.01570-16
|
Evidence For The Existence Of Autotrophic Nitrate Reducing Fe Ii Oxidizing Bacteria In Marine Coastal Sediment
|
Nitrate-reducing Fe(II)-oxidizing microorganisms were described for the first time ca. 20 years ago. Most pure cultures of nitrate-reducing Fe(II)-oxidizers can oxidize Fe(II) only under mixotrophic conditions, i. e. when an organic co-substrate is provided. A small number of nitrate-reducing Fe(II)-oxidizing cultures have been proposed to grow autotrophically, but unambiguous evidence for autotrophy has not always been provided. Thus, it is still unclear whether or to what extent Fe(II) oxidation coupled to nitrate reduction is an enzymatically catalyzed and energy-yielding autotrophic process or whether Fe(II) is abiotically oxidized by nitrite from heterotrophic nitrate reduction. The aim of the present study is to find evidence for the existence of autotrophic nitrate-reducing Fe(II)-oxidizers in coastal marine sediments. Microcosm incubations showed that with increasing incubation time, the stoichiometric ratio of nitrate reduced /Fe(II) oxidized decreased, indicating a decreasing contribution of heterotrophic denitrification and/or an increasing contribution of autotrophic nitrate-reducing Fe(II) oxidation over time. After incubations of sediment slurries for more than 10 weeks, nitrate-reducing activity ceased although nitrate was still present. This suggests that heterotrophic nitrate reduction had ceased due to the depletion of readily available organic carbon. However, after addition of Fe(II) to these batch incubations, the nitrate-reducing activity resumed and Fe(II) was oxidized, indicating the activity of autotrophic nitrate-reducing Fe(II)-oxidizers. Concurrent reduction of 14 C-labeled bicarbonate unambiguously proved that autotrophic C fixation occurred during Fe(II) oxidation and nitrate reduction. Our results clearly demonstrated that autotrophic nitrate-reducing Fe(II) oxidizing bacteria were present in the investigated coastal marine sediments. Importance Twenty years after the discovery of nitrate-reducing Fe(II)-oxidizers it is still controversially discussed if autotrophic nitrate-reducing Fe(II)-oxidizing microorganisms exist and to what extent Fe(II) oxidation in this process is enzymatically catalyzed or which role abiotic side reactions of Fe(II) with reactive N-species play. Most pure cultures of nitrate-reducing Fe(II)-oxidizers are mixotrophic i. e. , they need an organic co-substrate to maintain their activity over several cultural transfers. For the few existing autotrophic isolates and enrichment cultures either the mechanism of nitrate-reducing Fe(II) oxidation is not known or the evidence for their autotrophic lifestyle is controversial. In the present study, we provide the first evidence for the existence of autotrophic nitrate-reducing Fe(II)-oxidizers in coastal marine sediments. The evidence is based on stoichiometries of nitrate reduction and Fe(II) oxidation determined in microcosm incubations and the incorporation of carbon from CO 2 under conditions that favor the activity of nitrate-reducing Fe(II) oxidizers.
|
[
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Earth System Science"
] |
Q3273199
|
SilverWay — table games and toys for people with dementia
|
The subject of the operation is the development and marketing of Easycarb — a comprehensive digital carbohydrate management assistant for type 1 and type 2 diabetes patients, which allows patients to fully control the disease. It combines a wireless portable scale and a smart device application, which together quickly and accurately determine the exact amount of carbohydrates in the meal, the appropriate dose of insulin and all activities transparently report to the personal doctor.
|
[
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
] |
10.1098/rspa.2014.0423
|
Cones of localized shear strain in incompressible elasticity with prestress: Green's function and integral representations
|
The infinite-body three-dimensional Green's function set (for incremental displacement and mean stress) is derived for the incremental deformation of a uniformly strained incompressible, nonlinear elastic body. Particular cases of the developed formulation are the Mooney–Rivlin elasticity and the J
2
-deformation theory of plasticity. These Green's functions are used to develop a boundary integral equation framework, by introducing an
ad hoc
potential, which paves the way for a boundary element formulation of three-dimensional problems of incremental elasticity. Results are used to investigate the behaviour of a material deformed near the limit of ellipticity and to reveal patterns of shear failure. In fact, within the investigated three-dimensional framework, localized deformations emanating from a perturbation are shown to be organized in conical geometries rather than in planar bands, so that failure is predicted to develop through curved and thin surfaces of intense shearing, as can for instance be observed in the cup–cone rupture of ductile metal bars.
|
[
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Mathematics"
] |
EP 91100492 A
|
Process for making metallized polyethylene plexifilamentary film-fibril sheet.
|
A metallized high specular gloss polyethylene plexifilamentary film-fibril sheet with very low emissivity is made by a process of calendering a polyethylene film-fibril sheet between a smooth metal roll and a soft, resilient roll to form a sheet of high specular gloss, followed by vacuum metallization of the smooth high specular gloss surface. Such metallized sheets are useful as radiant barriers or roof liners for energy savings purposes.
|
[
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
] |
10.1007/JHEP03(2019)071
|
Cosmology With A Very Light Lμ Lτ Gauge Boson
|
In this paper, we explore in detail the cosmological implications of an abelian L$_{μ}$ − L$_{τ}$ gauge extension of the Standard Model featuring a light and weakly coupled Z′. Such a scenario is motivated by the longstanding ∼ 4σ discrepancy between the measured and predicted values of the muon’s anomalous magnetic moment, (g − 2)$_{μ}$, as well as the tension between late and early time determinations of the Hubble constant. If sufficiently light, the Z′ population will decay to neutrinos, increasing the overall energy density of radiation and altering the expansion history of the early universe. We identify two distinct regions of parameter space in this model in which the Hubble tension can be significantly relaxed. The first of these is the previously identified region in which a ∼ 10 − 20 MeV Z′ reaches equilibrium in the early universe and then decays, heating the neutrino population and delaying the process of neutrino decoupling. For a coupling of g$_{μ − }_{τ}$ ≃ (3 − 8) × 10$^{−4}$, such a particle can also explain the observed (g − 2)$_{μ}$ anomaly. In the second region, the Z′ is very light ( $ {m}_{Z^{\prime }} $ ∼ 1eV to MeV) and very weakly coupled (g$_{μ − }_{τ}$ ∼ 10$^{−13}$ to 10$^{−9}$). In this case, the Z′ population is produced through freeze-in, and decays to neutrinos after neutrino decoupling. Across large regions of parameter space, we predict a contribution to the energy density of radiation that can appreciably relax the reported Hubble tension, ΔN$_{eff}$ ≃ 0. 2.
|
[
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Universe Sciences"
] |
W3015491017
|
A Smart City Scenic Spot Construction Scheme
|
To provide tourists with a good experience and enhance the value of natural resources, the construction of intelligent scenic spots has become the urgent task of the rapid development of tourism in China. In this paper, we first analyze the basic concept and demand analysis for a smart city scenic spot. Then, the construction framework and key implementation technologies of the smart scenic spot are given. Finally, the key technologies of the intelligent scenic spot are discussed, including ZigBee technology, video splicing, and integration, the internet protocol (IP) network public address. This construction scheme provides a new choice for the construction of intelligent scenic spots in China.
|
[
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
] |
10.1215/00294527-2143952
|
On Pseudo Finite Dimensions
|
We attempt to formulate issues around modularity and Zilber’s trichotomy in a setting that intersects additive combinatorics. In particular, we update the open problems on quasi-finite structures from [9].
|
[
"Mathematics"
] |
176559
|
Disentangling the effects of co2 fertilization, nutrient limitation and water availability on forest ecosystem processes: estimating their long-term consequences on sw european forests
|
European forestry is fast evolving as forests could experience in the near future important changes in climate and also in management, which is moving from timber production to values such as bioenergy, carbon sequestration, biodiversity and others. These factors could change the idoneity of traditional forestry in Scots pine forests (which cover important areas in Europe). The project´s objectives are: 1) To characterize past and estimate future effects of forest management and climate change on carbon and nutrient budgets in Pinus sylvestris stands in SW Europe, to support sustainable forestry that maximizes nutrient and carbon use efficiency and therefore tree growth; 2) To develop, evaluate and apply reliable ecologically-based mathematical models that can be applied in forest management, to study interactions among elevated atmospheric CO2, tree growth and limiting nutrients and moisture. To achieve these objectives the project will be implemented in three stages: 1) Field and archival samples form experimental plots in Scot pine stands in the Pyrenees will be used to analyze connections between soil, leaf and stem nutrient status in the last 16 years. The magnitude of ecosystem biomass and nutrient pools will be estimated to calculate the historical change of nutrient use efficiency by the pines. Historical leaf NUE will be estimated through leaf area scanning combined with chemical analysis. Stem water and nutrient status will be estimated by wood scanning combined with techniques discriminating isotopes of carbon and nitrogen. 2) The ecosystem model FORECAST-Climate will be calibrated, validated, and used as a virtual lab to test the relative importance of nutrient, water, and CO2 availability on tree growth. 3) A battery of climate change (temperature, precipitation and CO2 concentration) and forest management scenarios will be simulated to assess their long-term consequences and provide guidelines on the potential consequences of each management option.
|
[
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Earth System Science"
] |
10.1002/hbm.24370
|
Mapping adolescent reward anticipation, receipt, and prediction error during the monetary incentive delay task
|
The functional neuroanatomy and connectivity of reward processing in adults are well documented, with relatively less research on adolescents, a notable gap given this developmental period's association with altered reward sensitivity. Here, a large sample (n = 1,510) of adolescents performed the monetary incentive delay (MID) task during functional magnetic resonance imaging. Probabilistic maps identified brain regions that were reliably responsive to reward anticipation and receipt, and to prediction errors derived from a computational model. Psychophysiological interactions analyses were used to examine functional connections throughout reward processing. Bilateral ventral striatum, pallidum, insula, thalamus, hippocampus, cingulate cortex, midbrain, motor area, and occipital areas were reliably activated during reward anticipation. Bilateral ventromedial prefrontal cortex and bilateral thalamus exhibited positive and negative activation, respectively, during reward receipt. Bilateral ventral striatum was reliably active following prediction errors. Previously, individual differences in the personality trait of sensation seeking were shown to be related to individual differences in sensitivity to reward outcome. Here, we found that sensation seeking scores were negatively correlated with right inferior frontal gyrus activity following reward prediction errors estimated using a computational model. Psychophysiological interactions demonstrated widespread cortical and subcortical connectivity during reward processing, including connectivity between reward-related regions with motor areas and the salience network. Males had more activation in left putamen, right precuneus, and middle temporal gyrus during reward anticipation. In summary, we found that, in adolescents, different reward processing stages during the MID task were robustly associated with distinctive patterns of activation and of connectivity.
|
[
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
] |
10.1039/C8SC03647K
|
Origin Of The Low Temperature Endotherm Of Acid Doped Ice Vi New Hydrogen Ordered Phase Of Ice Or Deep Glassy States
|
On the basis of a low-temperature endotherm, it has recently been argued that cooling acid-doped ice VI at high pressures leads to a new hydrogen-ordered phase. We show that the endotherms are in fact caused by the glass transitions of deep glassy states related to ice VI. As expected for such endothermic overshoot effects, they display a characteristic dependence on pressure and cooling rate, they can be produced by sub-Tg annealing at ambient pressure, and they can be made to appear or disappear depending on the heating rate and the initial extent of relaxation. It is stressed that the existence of a new crystalline phase, as it has been suggested, cannot depend on the heating rate at which it is heated. X-ray diffraction shows that samples for which the low-temperature endotherm is present, weak or absent, as observed at a heating rate of 5 K min−1, are structurally very similar. Furthermore, we show that the reported shifts of the (102) Bragg peak upon heating are fully consistent with our scenario and also with our earlier neutron diffraction study. Deuterated acid-doped ice VI cooled at high pressure also displays a low-temperature endotherm and its neutron diffraction pattern is consistent with deep glassy ice VI. Accessing deep glassy states of ice with the help of acid doping opens up a fascinating new chapter in ice research. Compared to pure ice VI, the glass transition temperature is lowered by more than 30 K by the acid dopant. Future work should focus on the deep glassy states related to all the other hydrogen-disordered ices including the ‘ordinary’ ice Ih.
|
[
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
] |
10.4171/JEMS/609
|
A Cluster Algebra Approach To Q Characters Of Kirillov Reshetikhin Modules
|
We describe a cluster algebra algorithm for calculating q-characters of Kirillov-Reshetikhin modules for any untwisted quantum affine algebra. This yields a geometric q-character formula for tensor products of Kirillov-Reshetikhin modules. In simply laced type this formula extends Nakajima's formula for q-characters of standard modules in terms of homology of graded quiver varieties.
|
[
"Mathematics"
] |
10.1007/s00032-012-0194-7
|
Partitioned Algorithms for Fluid-Structure Interaction Problems in Haemodynamics
|
We consider the fluid-structure interaction problem arising in haemodynamic applications. The finite elasticity equations for the vessel are written in Lagrangian form, while the Navier-Stokes equations for the blood in Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian form. The resulting three fields problem (fluid/ structure/ fluid domain) is formalized via the introduction of three Lagrange multipliers and consistently discretized by p-th order backward differentiation formulae (BDFp). We focus on partitioned algorithms for its numerical solution, which consist in the successive solution of the three subproblems. We review several strategies that all rely on the exchange of Robin interface conditions and review their performances reported recently in the literature. We also analyze the stability of explicit partitioned procedures and convergence of iterative implicit partitioned procedures on a simple linear FSI problem for a general BDFp temporal discretizations.
|
[
"Mathematics",
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
] |
W2171310647
|
Switched adaptive stabilization of switched nonlinearly parameterized cascade systems and its application to a two inverted pendulums
|
Summary
This paper studies adaptive control of switched nonlinearly parameterized cascade systems. No solvability of the adaptive control problem for subsystems is required. By exploiting the multiple Lyapunov functions method and the parameter separation technique and the tool of adding a power integrator, we develop a new switched adaptive control approach for the explicit construction of adaptive controllers of subsystems and a proper switching law that solves the adaptive stabilization problem. A key feature of the proposed adaptive controllers is its switched property, namely, each subsystem has its individual update law. A two-inverted pendulum as a practical example is also provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed design method. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
|
[
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Mathematics"
] |
891824
|
Defining the role of arp2/3 complex diversity at multiple scales of biology
|
The actin cytoskeleton of the cell is critical for the complex, integrated processes associated with development, operation and sustainability of the human body. The Arp2/3 complex consisting of seven protein subunits is essential to stimulate dynamic branched actin networks needed for multiple cellular processes. The Arp2/3 complex has always been considered as a single entity, but in humans and other mammals, three of the Arp2/3 complex subunits are encoded by two isoforms, thus allowing the formation of eight distinct Arp2/3 complexes. The Way lab has shown that Arp2/3 subunit composition dramatically affects the formation and stability of branched actin networks. The Way and Gomes labs have shown how specific Arp2/3 isoforms are essential for muscle development.
Our synergistic, high-risk, high-gain goal is to define the role of Arp2/3 complex diversity at three hierarchies of biology:
1. Molecular basis of Arp2/3 diversification
With purified isoform-specific complexes we will perform cryo-electron microscopy and single molecule fluorescence microscopy to reveal the structural variations and influence of Arp2/3 diversity on actin networks in vitro.
2. Cellular function of different Arp2/3 complexes
With cells expressing specific Arp2/3 isoforms, we will use quantitative live cell imaging and cryoelectron tomography to reveal the dependence of cellular actin networks on Arp2/3 diversity and its functional consequences.
3. Developmental and physiological role of individual Arp2/3 complexes.
With genetically modified cultured myofibers and transgenic mice, we will use an array of imaging approaches to reveal the contribution of different Arp2/3 family members to muscle development, structure and physiology.
Our interdisciplinary plan builds on the strengths of our three labs, takes advantage of unique reagents and powerful model systems, and will allow us to determine how Arp2/3 diversity contributes to biological complexity at multiple scales.
|
[
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
] |
10.1353/pbm.2014.0006
|
The discovery of de novo gene evolution
|
Genes can evolve via duplication and divergence mechanisms, but also de novo out of non-coding intergenic sequences. This latter mechanism has only recently become fully appreciated, while the former mechanism was an almost exclusive dogma for quite some time. This essay explores the history of this development: why a view developed, with the alternative hardly being explored. Because of the prevailing view, an important aspect of the nature of genes and their evolutionary origin escaped our attention. Evidence is now rapidly accumulating that de novo evolution is a very active mechanism for generating novelty in the genome, and this will require a new look at how genes arise and become functional.
|
[
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
] |
10.1016/j.celrep.2013.05.039
|
Cell-Cycle Kinases Coordinate the Resolution of Recombination Intermediates with Chromosome Segregation
|
Homologous recombination leads to the formation of DNA joint molecules (JMs) that must be resolved to allow chromosome segregation, but how resolution is temporally coupled with chromosome segregation is unknown. Here, we have analyzed the role of the cell-cycle kinases Cdk and Cdc5 in coordinating these events through their involvement in the phosphoregulation of the Mus81-Mms4 nuclease. By identifying CDC5 and MMS4 mutants that uncouple Mus81-Mms4 activation from cell-cycle progression, we show that JM disengagement, prior to anaphase initiation, safeguards chromosome segregation. By simultaneously stimulating the cleavage of cohesin and activating Mus81-Mms4 at the G2/M transition, Cdk and Cdc5 coordinate the sequential elimination of all chromosomal interactions in preparation for chromosome segregation. Conversely, untimely Cdc5 expression increases crossover frequency due to premature activation of Mus81-Mms4. Therefore, temporal restriction of JM resolution, imposed by Cdk/Cdc5, minimizes the potential for loss of heterozygosity while preventing chromosome missegregation and aneuploidy.
|
[
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
] |
10.1038/nmeth.4459
|
NeuBtracker - Imaging neurobehavioral dynamics in freely behaving fish
|
A long-standing objective in neuroscience has been to image distributed neuronal activity in freely behaving animals. Here we introduce NeuBtracker, a tracking microscope for simultaneous imaging of neuronal activity and behavior of freely swimming fluorescent reporter fish. We showcase the value of NeuBtracker for screening neurostimulants with respect to their combined neuronal and behavioral effects and for determining spontaneous and stimulus-induced spatiotemporal patterns of neuronal activation during naturalistic behavior.
|
[
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
] |
10.1088/1748-0221/9/06/C06003
|
Evaluation Of Compton Gamma Camera Prototype Based On Pixelated Cdte Detectors
|
A proposed Compton camera prototype based on pixelated CdTe is simulated and evaluated in order to establish its feasibility and expected performance in real laboratory tests. The system is based on module units containing a 2 × 4 array of square CdTe detectors of 10 × 10 mm2 area and 2 mm thickness. The detectors are pixelated and stacked forming a 3D detector with voxel sizes of 2 × 1×2 mm3. The camera performance is simulated with Geant4-based Architecture for Medicine-Oriented Simulations(GAMOS) and the Origin Ensemble(OE) algorithm is used for the image reconstruction. The simulation shows that the camera can operate with up to 104 Bq source activities with equal efficiency and is completely saturated at 109 Bq. The efficiency of the system is evaluated using a simulated 18F point source phantom in the center of the Field-of-View (FOV) achieving an intrinsic efficiency of 0. 4 counts per second per kilobecquerel. The spatial resolution measured from the point spread function (PSF) shows a FWHM of 1. 5 mm along the direction perpendicular to the scatterer, making it possible to distinguish two points at 3 mm separation with a peak-to-valley ratio of 8.
|
[
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
] |
10.1021/ja207845u
|
High-nuclearity metal-organic nanospheres: A Cd <inf>66</inf> ball
|
Reaction of H 3L with Cd(NO 3) 2· 4H 2O in DMF at 150 °C for 3 days affords the metal-organic nanosphere [Cd 66(μ 3-OH) 28(μ 3- O) 16(μ 5-NO 3-O,O,O″,O″,O″, O″) 12(L) 20(μ 2-DMF) 12⊂ '(DMF) 9]. The cluster is composed of a spherical shell of 66 Cd(II) cations bridged by 28 μ 3-hydroxide, 16 μ 3-oxo, and five μ 5-NO 3- anions surrounded by a shell of 20 tripodal capping ligands (L) and 12 DMF ligands. The 66 Cd(II) cations and 12 NO 3- anions form a polydeltahedron that has 78 vertices [Cd(II) or NO 3-] (V), 228 edges (E), and 152 triangular faces (F), giving it an Euler characteristic (X) of 2 (X = V + F - E). Reaction of H 3L with Cd(NO 3) 2·4H 2O at lower temperatures or with CdCl 2 affords coordination polymer frameworks instead of nanospheres.
|
[
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
] |
W1747367457
|
Coupled marginal discriminant mappings for low-resolution face recognition
|
Abstract This study develops a novel efficient coupled distance metric learning algorithm called coupled marginal discriminant mappings (CMDM). It can provide a low-resolution face recognition method with coupled mappings, making the data points in the original high and low resolution features projected into a unified space, where classification is implemented. At the same time, it makes samples from the same class gather more closely while makes samples of distinct class disperse more separately with a large margin. Thus, for the low-resolution face recognition issue, the proposed method can be leveraged to avoid dimensional mismatch problem and fill different-resolution data gap. The experimental evaluation based on the AR and FERET face databases demonstrates that CMDM can achieve highly competitive performance comparing favorably with the existing state-of-the-art low-resolution face recognition methods.
|
[
"Computer Science and Informatics"
] |
10.1039/C7DT01319A
|
Synthetic Structural And Magnetic Implications Of Introducing 2 2 Dipyridylamide To Sodium Ferrate Complexes
|
Using a transamination approach to access novel Fe(II) complexes, this study presents the synthesis, X-ray crystallographic and magnetic characterisation of a series of new iron complexes containing the multifunctional 2,2-dipyridylamide (DPA) ligand using iron bis(amide) [{Fe(HMDS)2}2] and sodium ferrate [{NaFe(HMDS)3}∞] (1) as precursors (HMDS = 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexamethyldisilazide). Reactions of DPA(H) with 1 show exceptionally good stoichiometric control, allowing access to heteroleptic [(THF)2·NaFe(DPA)(HMDS)2] (3) and homoleptic [{THF·NaFe(DPA)3}∞] (4) by using 1 and 3 equivalents of DPA(H), respectively. Linking this methodology and co-complexation, which is a more widely used approach to prepare heterobimetallic complexes, 3 can also be prepared by combining NaHMDS with heteroleptic [{Fe(DPA)(HMDS)}2] (2). In turn, 2 has been also synthesised and structurally defined by reacting [{Fe(HMDS)2}2] with two equivalents of DPA(H). Structural studies demonstrate the coordination flexibility of the N-bridged bis(heterocycle) ligand DPA, with 2 and 3 exhibiting discrete monomeric motifs, whereas 4 displays a much more intricate supramolecular structure, with one of its DPA ligands coordinating in an anti/anti fashion (as opposed to 2 and 3 where DPA shows a syn/syn conformation), which facilitates propagation of the structure via its central amido N. Magnetic studies confirmed the high-spin electron configuration of the iron(II) centres in all three compounds and revealed the existence of weak ferromagnetic interactions in dinuclear compound 2 (J = 1. 01 cm−1).
|
[
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
] |
W603417943
|
Effect of Piper longum Linn. in monosodium glutamate toxicity in rats
|
Effect of ethanol extract of Piper longum (P. longum) Linn. in monosodium glutamate (MSG) induced toxicity was studied in rats. Oral administration of MSG at a dose of 8 mg/g body weight for 20 consecutive days showed an increase in body weight and liver weight. Oxidative stress was evidenced by significant increase in the level of lipid peroxides and decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH) content of serum, liver and kidney. There was significant increase in serum ALT and AST activities. Level of serum urea increased significantly whereas creatinine level did not altered. Significant increase was also observed in the levels of serum triacylglycerol and total cholesterol. Histopathological examination revealed degeneration and necrosis of hepatocytes, renal tubules and glomeruli of liver and kidney respectively. Rats treated with ethanol extract of P. longum fruits at 300 mg/kg body weight and 600 mg/kg body weight for 14 days significantly decreased body weight, serum triacylglycerol, lipid peroxides in serum, liver and kidney, serum ALT and AST activities and increased the content of GSH in serum, liver and kidney. However, 300 mg/kg body weight was found to be more effective in decreasing the level of triacylglycerol, serum ALT, lipid peroxides in serum, liver and kidney and increasing the content of GSH in serum and liver. Significant reduction in liver weight and serum cholesterol was observed only in rats treated with the extract at this dose. Serum urea level did not vary significantly between treated groups and positive control. Histopathological examination of liver and kidney showed normal histological architecture except for mild congestion. The present study revealed that ethanol extract of fruits of P. longum has antioxidant and hypolipidaemic properties and may be used for treating MSG toxicity.
|
[
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
] |
W2587635165
|
The ‘Oops!’ of EU Engagement Abroad: Analyzing Unintended Consequences of EU External Action
|
The mainstream scholarship assessing EU external action frames the subject in terms of success or failure to achieve the intended effects, the latter generally defined against the EU's own stated objectives. Resting on a tacit assumption that EU engagement in third states is a good thing, these analyses are framed as ‘positive impact or no impact’ and tend to neglect the wider effects of EU policies. This article maintains that EU external action may and often does have unintended consequences, thus expanding the study of EU impact beyond the sheer study of EU effectiveness. Drawing on broader literature on unintended consequences, the article proposes a framework for analyzing unintended consequences of EU external action. It synthesizes and adapts to the EU context a classification of unintended consequences and, in order to illustrate its utility, applies the proposed framework to three empirical examples derived from EU neighbourhood, migration and trade policies.
|
[
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
] |
10.1093/cercor/bhw177
|
Cholinergic Surveillance over Hippocampal RNA Metabolism and Alzheimer's-Like Pathology
|
The relationship between long-term cholinergic dysfunction and risk of developing dementia is poorly understood. Here we used mice with deletion of the vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) in the forebrain to model cholinergic abnormalities observed in dementia. Whole-genome RNA sequencing of hippocampal samples revealed that cholinergic failure causes changes in RNAmetabolism. Remarkably, key transcripts related to Alzheimer's disease are affected. BACE1, for instance, shows abnormal splicing caused by decreased expression of the splicing regulator hnRNPA2/B1. Resulting BACE1 overexpression leads to increased APP processing and accumulation of soluble Aâ1-42. This is accompanied by age-related increases in GSK3 activation, tau hyperphosphorylation, caspase-3 activation, decreased synaptic markers, increased neuronal death, and deteriorating cognition. Pharmacological inhibition of GSK3 hyperactivation reversed deficits in synaptic markers and tau hyperphosphorylation induced by cholinergic dysfunction, indicating a key role for GSK3 in some of these pathological changes. Interestingly, in human brains there was a high correlation between decreased levels of VAChT and hnRNPA2/B1 levels with increased tau hyperphosphorylation. These results suggest that changes in RNA processing caused by cholinergic loss can facilitate Alzheimer's-like pathology in mice, providing a mechanism by which decreased cholinergic tone may increase risk of dementia.
|
[
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
] |
SE 2007000650 W
|
ENERGY RELIEF CONTROL IN A MECHANICAL VENTILATOR
|
The present invention relates to a solution for controlling the pressure/flow of breathing gas to a mechanical ventilator (4) by using an energy of breathing analysis and further to provide a pressure relief during exhalation and a trigger determination when to start the pressure relief using energy content of breathing in analysis for determining a pressure curve form during at least a portion of the expiration phase.
|
[
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
] |
280565
|
Peripheral and Central Mechanisms of Temperature Detection and Core Body Thermoregulation
|
Internal temperature homeostasis is of critical importance to our health as deviation from a normal, tightly controlled level (37 °Celsius) can cause fatal organ failures. Temperature-sensitive cells in the hypothalamus detect deep brain temperature, which is directly relevant to core body temperature (CBT) regulation. However molecules and mechanisms underlying central temperature detection by hypothalamic neurons are unknown. I propose to use a multi-disciplinary approach to elucidate mechanisms of temperature detection by these cells. I have started to employ a genetic tagging approach that allows me to label temperature-activated hypothalamic neurons in vivo.
Hypothalamic neurons not only detect local brain temperature but also receive peripheral temperature signals from the somatosensory system. However, the impact of peripheral temperature information on central temperature regulation is largely unknown. Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) ion channels have been found to constitute important components in a variety of different sensory systems. In vertebrates, TRP family members TRPV1, TRPM8, and TRPA1, play prominent roles in the detection of thermal stimuli ranging from cold to hot ambient temperatures. How these receptors mediate their temperature sensitivity on the molecular level is largely unknown. I hypothesize that TRPs are components of supramolecular membrane-bound protein complexes that enable the receptors to function in a context-dependent manner, similar to the founding member of the TRP receptor family in the Drosophila eye. I will use a genetic biochemical strategy to identify components of somatosensory TRP channel protein complexes from native sensory ganglia of transgenic mice. Subsequently, characterization of the TRP Proteome will not only provide novel insights into TRP channel function as temperature sensors but may additionally yield novel targets for the treatment of inflammatory conditions and pain.
|
[
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
] |
10.1126/science.1260419
|
Tissue-based map of the human proteome
|
Resolving the molecular details of proteome variation in the different tissues and organs of the human body will greatly increase our knowledge of human biology and disease. Here, we present a map of the human tissue proteome based on an integrated omics approach that involves quantitative transcriptomics at the tissue and organ level, combined with tissue microarray-based immunohistochemistry, to achieve spatial localization of proteins down to the single-cell level. Our tissue-based analysis detected more than 90% of the putative protein-coding genes. We used this approach to explore the human secretome, the membrane proteome, the druggable proteome, the cancer proteome, and the metabolic functions in 32 different tissues and organs. All the data are integrated in an interactive Web-based database that allows exploration of individual proteins, as well as navigation of global expression patterns, in all major tissues and organs in the human body.
|
[
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
] |
638706
|
Science together
|
The objective of NET 2021 is the consolidation and widening of the ScieNcE Together NETwork, which was launched in 2020 by a group public Italian research and academic institutions to build a stable and emphatic dialogue among researchers, citizens and society at large. This years' theme will be climate change and environmental degradation but we are aware that in 2021 the pandemic impacts will still be felt, so to achieve our objective we need to develop a communication approach that both takes into account the pandemic narrative and counterbalance it. We'll engage our public with inspiring examples of research, a positive narrative that should involve them in the discussion and offset helpless feelings caused by covid-19.We aim to make people aware that sustainable growth is deeply dependant on society's response to the climate and environmental challenges and we will keep the debate alive providing correct scientific facts and involving the public in the fight against fake news through rigor and scientific credibility. Our activity programme will integrate the traditional in presence experience with online resources and virtual experiences, so to help us reach every citizens, regardless of age, gender, or education. Activities will be designed to specifically inform about the European research's contribution to turning climate and environmental challenges into opportunities and favour a better understanding of the Union. Other novelty will be an extended programme for schools aimed at reducing the stereotypes about researchers and their profession and promoting scientific careers among young students, and a pilot training activity for journalists.NET project will take place in 18 italian cities (from North to South): Venezia, Chioggia, Livorno, La Spezia, Camugnano, Ozzano-Emilia, Roma, Monte Porzio Catone, Viterbo, Rieti, Civitavecchia, Tarquinia, Frascati, Rocca di Papa, Portici, Rotondella, Milazzo, Grottaminarda and in Vulcano and Stromboli Aeolianan Islands
|
[
"Earth System Science",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
] |
172175
|
Time resolved x-ray probing of matter under extreme conditions
|
The unique properties of a new type of X-ray source produced by a compact laser-plasma accelerator will be used to probe the ultra-fast dynamics of the electronic structure of matter under extreme conditions.
The TeX-MEx project will study: 1) hot dense matter, such as that found at the centre of the Sun; 2) warm dense matter such as that found at the centre of Jupiter and 3) photo-ionized plasmas far from equilibrium such as is found in the exotic environment of an accretion disk surrounding a black hole. These extreme conditions will be created in the laboratory using 1) direct laser heating, 2) proton heating and laser driven shock heating and 3) intense X-ray pumping using the betatron source itself and the extraordinary X-ray fluxes available with a free electron laser.
Using the unique combination of a few-femtosecond duration and broad spectral coverage that the X-rays produced by a laser wakefield accelerator possess, the TeX-MEx project will explore new physics in each of these regimes. For example we will be able to directly measure the rates of ionization of hot dense matter for the first time; we will observe the onset of ion motion in warm dense matter and how this affects the electron energy levels; we will make the first observations of non-collisional photo-ionized plasmas. These will allow us to accurately test and develop models used to describe matter under extreme conditions in the laboratory and in astrophysics.
This integrated program of innovative experiments and new approaches to modeling will open up a new field of femtosecond time-resolved absorption spectroscopy of matter under extreme conditions and will drastically improve our understanding of how matter behaves throughout our Universe. It will, for the first time, bring to our laboratories on Earth the ability to probe some of Nature's most violent processes, to date only hinted at in data from a new generation of astronomical instruments.
|
[
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Universe Sciences"
] |
758967
|
Waves of history in the South Pacific: A gene-culture coevolutionary approach
|
Modern humans have colonized every possible ecological niche, with the latest expansions being those into the remote islands of the South Pacific. This success has been underpinned both by genetic adaptations to new ecological conditions and by an ever-accumulating store of technological and cultural knowledge gained through social learning. Our dual inheritance systems of genetics and culture interact in unique and unexpected ways, making human history vastly more difficult to infer than for any other species. The emerging field of gene-culture coevolution promises to provide a cohesive framework for modeling the interplay of genes and culture, and will revolutionize our understanding of human historical processes. The Waves project will build the tools necessary to establish gene-culture coevolution in the genomic-era, extending cutting-edge population genetic techniques – including spatial simulation – and allowing the natural integration of data from across genomics, archaeogenetics, archaeology and historical linguistics. We will focus on the South Pacific, a region whose past demography remains largely unresolved. While the population history of this region is relatively short it appears extremely complex, comprising not only multiple waves of colonization but also the existence of wide and ongoing interaction spheres through which both seafaring peoples and their cultures maintained long-distance connections. By generating comprehensive new ancient and present-day genome-wide datasets across Near and Remote Oceania – and analyzing them alongside historical linguistic and cultural data – the Waves project will create the first unified gene-culture coevolutionary history of the South Pacific.
|
[
"The Study of the Human Past",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
] |
W1989961185
|
Immunofluorescent determination of wheat protein in meat products
|
In food industry nowadays, there are various plant-origin protein additives which are meant for production of meat products. Among the most frequent additives of this type there are different kinds of flour, starch, fiber, and plant-origin proteins. Their usage at present is limited by the existing legislation not to prevent consumer deception but also for reasons of possible influence on consumer health. Therefore, this problem is paid a lot of attention not only in the Czech Republic but also all over the world. The main risk is seen in the impossibility to choose a suitable foodstuff for an individual prone to allergic reactions. Potential allergens are also often plant-origin raw materials which are added into foodstuffs for their technological qualities and low price. Wheat is widely cultivated cereal as well as an important source of proteins. After ingestion or inhalation, wheat proteins may cause adverse reactions. These adverse effects include a wide range of disorders which are dependent on the method of contact with wheat protein. These adverse effects can then take the form of various clinical manifestations, such as celiac disease, T-cell mediated inflammatory bowel disease, dermatitis, skin rash, breathing difficulties, allergy to pollen or to wheat flour or food allergy to foodstuffs containing gluten. The only possible protection against adverse immune reactions for those with food allergies is strictly excluding the allergen from their diet. Although the number of studies dealing with the reduction or loss of allergenicity is increasing, yet these practices are not common. Most of the population suffering from food allergies is thus still dependent on strict exclusion of foodstuffs causing adverse allergic reactions from their diet. In order to avoid misleading consumers and also to protect allergic consumers, analytical methods applicable to all types of foodstuffs have been developed. Unfortunately, detection of allergens in foodstuffs is relatively difficult because of the fact that they occur in trace amounts and are often masked by various parts of the product. This paper deals with detection of wheat protein in meat products bought in the retail network of the Czech Republic. Ten cooked meat products, especially types of sausages and soft salami which stated wheat protein in their composition, were examined. The samples were processed using the method of immunofluorescence and stained with Texas Red fluorochrome. The presence of wheat protein was demonstrated in all the examined meat products. From the results it follows that the method of immunofluorescence is suitable for detection of wheat protein in meat products. Normal 0 21 false false false CS JA X-NONE
|
[
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
] |
interreg_1224
|
Easy eServices to Shape and Empower SME Networks in Central Europe
|
The European Commission “Transport 2050 Roadmap to a Single Transport Area” asserts that effective transport systems are a key pre-requisite for companies to compete in the world economy because logistics account for 10–15% of the finished product cost. This calls for a significant advance in capacity. Companies will have to adopt a more efficient network coordination model to easily access a wider knowledge base and proper eServices. In other words, in spite of companies’ ability to realise and export high quality products and their flexibility of adapting to ever changing market conditions, they risk their position in the global market unless they undertake a continuous innovation process that lets them increase profitability by removing bottlenecks and inefficiencies.
The ESSENCE project intends to tackle these critical problems by developing and deploying to users a solution based on the easy and free access of companies to knowledge, new organisational models and intelligent eServices. The proposed solution will help companies to shape their own supply network, to coordinate and operate it, to optimise the generated transports, and to evaluate behaviours to find out inefficiencies.
|
[
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
] |
10.1016/j.ifacol.2019.08.142
|
Nonlinear Model Predictive Control to Reduce Network-Wide Traffic Emission
|
In this paper, we propose a model-based perimeter gating control approach to improve network-wide emissions in an urban traffic network. An accumulation-based Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram (MFD) model of a single reservoir city is developed to describe the evaluation of traffic flows in a network. Moreover, a path flow distribution scheme using Dynamic User Equilibrium (DUE) discipline is designed to reproduce driver's adaptation to controlled flow. Perimeter gating control scheme using the Nonlinear Model Predictive Controller (NMPC) is developed to track the optimal green routing coefficient which will indirectly track the network-wide emission levels by manipulating the traffic flows into a reservoir. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme in improving the traffic emissions inside and outside the perimeter. Comparative analysis of nocontrol and NMPC shows that the proposed NMPC-based network-wide emission control strategy outperforms.
|
[
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
] |
FI 0000536 W
|
A DEVICE FOR SUCKING GAS AND MIXING UP IN FUEL FLOW
|
The invention relates to a device for sucking air and mixing it with a liquid fuel flowing in a tubular flow duct. The device has a liquid intake duct (3) and outlet duct (4) and between them a throttle section (1), which forms a substantially reduced flow cross-sectional area for the flow. The throttle section has for the flowing liquid fuel at minimum one throttle duct (6a, 6b), which extends with substantially the same flow cross-sectional area from the point of the closest air supply orifice (21) to a distance of a downstream length (L2) which is at minimum equal to the mean diameter of the flow cross-sectional area (A2a, A2b) of the throttle ducts. The throttle section has transverse gas ducts (2), which open into the throttle ducts (6a, 6b) on the first side of a plane running through the throttle duct center line (8) and which continue as a connecting duct (7) outside the throttle ducts to the opposite side of the said plane and further to the gas/gas mixture source (20).
|
[
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
] |
10.1051/0004-6361/201730703
|
The Extended Molecular Envelope Of The Asymptotic Giant Branch Star Π 1 Gruis As Seen By Alma I Large Scale Kinematic Structure And Co Excitation Properties
|
Context. The S-type asymptotic giant branch (AGB) star ?1 Gru has a known companion at a separation of 2? 7 (? 400 AU). Previous observations of the circumstellar envelope (CSE) show strong deviations from spherical symmetry. The envelope structure, including an equatorial torus and a fast bipolar outflow, is rarely seen in the AGB phase and is particularly unexpected in such a wide binary system. Therefore a second, closer companion has been suggested, but the evidence is not conclusive. Aims. The aim is to make a 3D model of the CSE and to constrain the density and temperature distribution using new spatially resolved observations of the CO rotational lines. Methods. We have observed the J = 3-2 line emission from 12CO and 13CO using the compact arrays of the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). The new ALMA data, together with previously published 12CO J = 2-1 data from the Submillimeter Array (SMA), and the 12CO J = 5-4 and J = 9-8 lines observed with Herschel/Heterodyne Instrument for the Far-Infrared (HIFI), is modeled with the 3D non-LTE radiative transfer code SHAPEMOL. Results. The data analysis clearly confirms the torus-bipolar structure. The 3D model of the CSE that satisfactorily reproduces the data consists of three kinematic components: a radially expanding torus with velocity slowly increasing from 8 to 13 km s-1 along the equator plane; a radially expanding component at the center with a constant velocity of 14 km s-1; and a fast, bipolar outflow with velocity proportionally increasing from 14 km s-1 at the base up to 100 km s-1 at the tip, following a linear radial dependence. The results are used to estimate an average mass-loss rate during the creation of the torus of 7. 7 × 10-7 M? yr-1. The total mass and linear momentum of the fast outflow are estimated at 7. 3 × 10-4 M? and 9. 6 × 1037 g cm s-1, respectively. The momentum of the outflow is in excess (by a factor of about 20) of what could be generated by radiation pressure alone, in agreement with recent findings for more evolved sources. The best-fit model also suggests a 12CO/13CO abundance ratio of 50. Possible shaping scenarios for the gas envelope are discussed.
|
[
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Universe Sciences"
] |
10.1016/j.cplett.2013.08.002
|
TD-DFT study of the pK<inf>a</inf><sup>*</sup> for coumarins
|
The excited state acid dissociation constants (pKa*) of a panel of five coumarins have been studied using several PCM-TD-DFT protocols including both vibrational and state-specific (SS) effects. The pKa* have been calculated using the excited state thermodynamical cycle and the Förster cycle. For this set of compounds the addition of explicit water molecules does not improve the computed acidity constants computed with the thermodynamical cycle. However, the addition of explicit water molecules to the PCM model apparently improves the quality of the optical spectra and hence the Förster estimates. State specific effects do not bring significant improvements in this case.
|
[
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
] |
789017
|
Correlated Molecular Quantum Gases in Optical Lattices
|
In a quantum engineering approach we aim to create strongly correlated molecular quantum gases for polar molecules confined in an optical lattice to two-dimensional geometry with full quantum control of all de-grees of freedom with single molecule control and detection. The goal is to synthesize a high-fidelity molec-ular quantum simulator with thousands of particles and to carry out experiments on phases and dynamics of strongly-correlated quantum matter in view of strong long-range dipolar interactions. Our choice of mole-cule is the KCs dimer, which can either be a boson or a fermion, allowing us to prepare and probe bosonic as well as fermionic dipolar quantum matter in two dimensions. Techniques such as quantum-gas microscopy, perfectly suited for two-dimensional systems, will be applied to the molecular samples for local control and local readout.
The low-entropy molecular samples are created out of quantum degenerate atomic samples by well-established coherent atom paring and coherent optical ground-state transfer techniques. Crucial to this pro-posal is the full control over the molecular sample. To achieve near-unity lattice filling fraction for the mo-lecular samples, we create two-dimensional samples of K-Cs atom pairs as precursors to molecule formation by merging parallel planar systems of K and Cs, which are either in a band-insulating state (for the fermions) or in Mott-insulating state (for the bosons), along the out-of-plane direction.
The polar molecular samples are used to perform quantum simulations on ground-state properties and dy-namical properties of quantum many-body spin systems. We aim to create novel forms of superfluidity, to investigate into novel quantum many-body phases in the lattice that arise from the long-range molecular dipole-dipole interaction, and to probe quantum magnetism and its dynamics such as spin transport with single-spin control and readout. In addition, disorder can be engineered to mimic real physical situations.
|
[
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
] |
218793
|
Tapemelt: recyclable thermal activated tape system
|
Packaging tapes are the most widely used pressure sensitive adhesive tapes with global production in excess of 10 billion sq. meters per year . Their primary application is corrugated carton closure. However, existing solutions for this application present 3 key constrains:
1.RECYBLABILITY – WASTE MANAGEMENT: One of the major issues for the label printing industry is the waste the process leaves behind, particularly the much maligned release liner. With consumption of self-adhesive label materials in Europe in 2010 totalling 5.3 billion square metres, translating into some 360,000 tonnes of paper liner waste emerging from end users.
2.TAMPER-EVIDENT: Cartons sealed with PSA or many of the water-activated adhesives are not secure and are not easily accessed without revealing any signs of tampering.
3.TAPE SEALING PROBLEM IN REFRIGERATED PACKAGES: Both PSAs and Water-Activated lack adherence depending on temperatures. They typically reduce or lose their tack at low temperatures and reduce their shear holding ability at high temperatures; special adhesives are made to function at high or low temperatures.
We have developed a product that provides a proper answer to this 3 needs: TAPEMELT: an adhesive system thermal activated that cover the existing constrains in the carton packing industry. It is 1) Low-cost; 2) Fast to apply 3) Strong: the integrity and safety of the goods are not compromised 3) Allows custom printing; 4) Theft-protection – Tamper evident 5) it is made of paper: 100% recyclable, repulpable and biodegradable.
|
[
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
] |
788231
|
Programmable Enzymatic Synthesis of Bioactive Compounds
|
Enzymes are now established as highly selective biocatalysts in organic synthesis with the range of catalysts and reactions rapidly increasing through access to large protein databases and high-throughput molecular biology tools for biocatalyst engineering. The diversity of biocatalytic reactions is now at a stage where they can be linked in (chemo)-enzymatic reaction cascades, where two or more chemical and/or enzymatic reactions can be catalysed simultaneously generating de novo biosynthetic pathways for chemical synthesis not found in Nature. These reaction cascades have demonstrated important prior art, however they have been mostly limited to few steps and lack the complexity provided by the natural pharmacopeia. ProgrES aims to achieve a step-change by introducing unprecedented structural complexity into de novo pathways and by moving away from manual to automated, high-throughput cascade design and implementation. The proposal is to use a transdisciplinary approach that addresses three important bottlenecks: i. Identification of enzymatic reactions that allow early functionalisation and late stage diversification of the cascade toolkit to increase structural complexity, building on C-H activation mediated by monooxygenases, which are well established in our research group. ii. As diversity of targets increases, high resolution structural analysis of pathway intermediates and products becomes a bottleneck, which is addressed by high-throughput label free mass spectrometry based analytical tools that will match the demands on timescale and numbers. iii. In parallel, we will establish bioinformatics tools adapted from both chemical synthesis and biosynthesis, to allow programmable enzymatic synthesis for cascade design. As proof-of-concept and test bed for the ProgrES platform we aim to generate a library of diverse synthetic imino sugars. This proposal will lead to a major breakthrough in creating a diverse range of scaffolds of therapeutic interest.
|
[
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering"
] |
10.1595/205651319X15613828987406
|
Exploring Microemulsion Prepared Lanthanum Catalysts For Natural Gas Valorisation Catalysts For Small Scale Application In Natural Gas And Biomass Conversion
|
Microemulsions were used to develop a catalyst with high selectivity towards ethylene and ethane while maintaining considerable methane (CH4) conversion. The use of this technique to produce lanthanum nanoparticles was studied under different conditions. Temperature was shown to have the most significant effect on the final material properties providing a minimum crystallite size at 25 degrees C. The morphology observed for all the samples was flake or needle like materials containing nanocrystallites. To obtain the catalytically active materials a thermal treatment was needed and this was studied using in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD). This analysis demonstrated that the materials exhibited significant changes in phase and crystallite size when submitted to thermal treatment and these were shown to be difficult to control, meaning that the microemulsion synthesis method is a challenging route to produce La nanoparticles in a reproducible manner. The materials were tested for oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) and no correlation could be observed between the 'as synthesised' crystallite size and activity. However, the presence of La carbonates in the materials produced was deemed to be crucial to ensure an adequate OCM activity.
|
[
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
] |
SE 8500197 W
|
A HEATING DEVICE
|
A heating device for food preparing purposes, primarly cooking pots and grill tables in large kitchens and the like includes electrical resistor elements adapted to supply thermal energy to a surface to be heated, such as the outer surface of a cooking pot and the underside of a grill surface or table. According to the invention the resistor elements (2-5) comprise resistor filaments in the form of an electrically conductive foil, which is vulcanized firmly to the aforementioned surface (12; 13) with the aid of a thin layer of a vulcanizable rubber material. In accordance with one embodiment, when the heating device is a cooking pot (1) the foil is applied to the peripheral surface (12) of the cooking pot (1) in the form of strip-like elements (23, 24, 25) which extend around the pot in superposed relationship from the bottom (13) thereof. An element (35) is also provided on the bottom (13) of the pot, and covers substantially the whole of the pot bottom.
|
[
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
] |
10.1016/j.disc.2017.10.026
|
The Bradley–Terry condition is L<inf>1</inf>-testable
|
We provide an algorithm with constant running time that given a weighted tournament T, distinguishes with high probability of success between the cases that T can be represented by a Bradley–Terry model, or cannot even be approximated by one. The same algorithm tests whether the corresponding Markov chain is reversible.
|
[
"Mathematics",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
] |
625414
|
Regulatory logic, thresholds and epigenetic memory: how cis-regulatory landscapes tune gene activity during mammalian development
|
Development of multicellular organisms relies on differential gene activation in a single genome. In response to multiple quantitative signals, cell-type specific transcriptional programs are established that determine cell identify. Their perturbation can result in pathologies such as cancer. Large cis-regulatory landscapes integrate information on cell state, space and time to precisely tune the activity of developmental genes. How cis-regulatory landscapes decode multiple quantitative signals remains poorly understood. CisTune aims at gaining a functional and mechanistic understanding of how regulator levels are sensed, how the input from multiple regulators is integrated and how information is processed by cis-regulatory landscapes.
CisTune will use the Xist locus as a model, which controls X-chromosome inactivation, an essential developmental process in mammals. Xist's cis-regulatory landscape integrates multiple quantitative input signals that transmit information on sex and developmental time, to ensure up-regulation from one X chromosome in each female cell. In CisTune we will thus study an essential process in great depth to identify regulatory principles that control activity of the mammalian genome during development.
CisTune will use an interdisciplinary approach at the intersection of systems biology, epigenetics and gene regulation, where highly multiplexed perturbation experiments of endogenous genes are interpreted with the help of mathematical models. We will build on recent technological breakthroughs, including single-cell genomics and high-throughput CRISPR screens, which we will complement with a new approach to functionally link sequence elements to their input signals. CisTune has the potential to overcome challenges that have prevented mammalian quantitative biology of gene regulation to becoming more broadly applied and will set the stage for investigating gene regulation across multiple layers of complexity.
|
[
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
] |
interreg_3274
|
Smart rural heritage along tourism routes
|
Project SHELTER originates from the problem represented by the abandonment and degradation of historic rural buildings in the Italian-Austrian cross-border area. A significant issue, that has such consequences as the increase of hydro-geological risk and the decrease of biodiversity, the loss of productive land and of a rich cultural heritage. To confront this problem, the project aims at joining the conservation of buildings with the development of the mountain landscape, recovering exemplary cases of abandoned heritage to insert in the existing network of hiking and cycling routes, combining it with local association and production activities. SHELTER will start from the knowledge base offered by past European projects for the sustainable recovery of historical rural heritage. Experimenting this know-how, infrastructure works will be implemented for the recovery of buildings and paths to support a new use of heritage and to sustain local development, accompanied by participation workshops with the population. In this way a catalogue of building solutions and a set of indicators will be defined, which will be disseminated between administrations and enterprises through meetings with sector and trade associations. In short, the project will develop tools and test new functionalities for the recovery historic rural buildings and their landscape, supporting their conservation and sustainable use in the current context.
|
[
"Earth System Science",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
] |
W2979267731
|
Estudio de factibilidad para la creación de una empresa productora y comercializadora de productos en hojaldre en la ciudad de Bogotá, D.C.
|
The present feasibility study was conducted taking into account initially the external factors that directly influence the food sector, detailing in the bakery subsector, followed by a market study where determined the target market, a demand projection and a study of the competence of the project. Based on the above, it was done a technical study in which the capacity of the project was determined, its distribution in plant and the most strategic location, continuing with an administrative study where the strategic planning of the project and human talent management. Then a legal study and an environmental study where the entire constitution process of the project and environmental regulations directly related to the project, respectively, ending with a financial study where the project investment and its feasibility was determined from the indicators Financial
|
[
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
] |
Q4938580
|
(16807.19102018.132000827) FREE APP
|
LIBER SRL? AN INNOVATIVE STARTUP THAT INTENDS TO SPECIALISE AND DEVELOP IN THE WEB WORLD, IN PARTICULAR BY OFFERING AN INNOVATIVE SERVICE THROUGH AN APP AIMED AT FACILITATING THE ENCOUNTER, CREATION AND SHARING OF TEXTUAL CONTENT, AUDIO AND VIDEO IMAGES BETWEEN USERS WITH THE HELP OF GEOLOCATION TECHNOLOGY.
|
[
"Computer Science and Informatics"
] |
Q2707854
|
Grant for Adventure Pictures Marcin Jamkowski to maintain the company’s current operations and provide it with liquidity in the event of a fall in revenues due to the COVID-19 pandemic
|
The project provides for a grant to the company Adventure Pictures Marcin Jamkowski, which was affected by the COVID 19 pandemic. Due to the pandemic, turnover decreased significantly. The grant will ensure the maintenance of the company’s activity and employment for a period of 3 calendar months.
|
[
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
] |
10.1051/0004-6361/201832954
|
Role of environment and gas temperature in the formation of multiple protostellar systems: molecular tracers
|
Context. Simulations suggest that gas heating due to radiative feedback is a key factor in whether or not multiple protostellar systems will form. Chemistry is a good tracer of the physical structure of a protostellar system, since it depends on the temperature structure. Aims. We aim to study the relationship between envelope gas temperature and protostellar multiplicity. Methods. Single dish observations of various molecules that trace the cold, warm, and UV-irradiated gas were used to probe the temperature structure of multiple and single protostellar systems on 7000 AU scales. Results. Single, close binary, and wide multiples present similar current envelope gas temperatures, as estimated from H2CO and DCO+ line ratios. The temperature of the outflow cavity, traced by c-C3H2, on the other hand, shows a relation with bolometric luminosity and an anticorrelation with envelope mass. Although the envelope gas temperatures are similar for all objects surveyed, wide multiples tend to exhibit a more massive reservoir of cold gas compared to close binary and single protostars. Conclusions. Although the sample of protostellar systems is small, the results suggest that gas temperature may not have a strong impact on fragmentation. We propose that mass, and density, may instead be key factors in fragmentation.
|
[
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Universe Sciences"
] |
10.1007/JHEP07(2015)140
|
Exact N 3 Lo Results For Qq H X
|
We compute the contribution to the total cross section for the inclusive production of a Standard Model Higgs boson induced by two quarks with different flavour in the initial state. Our calculation is exact in the Higgs boson mass and the partonic center-of-mass energy. We describe the reduction to master integrals, the construction of a canonical basis, and the solution of the corresponding differential equations. Our analytic result contains both Harmonic Polylogarithms and iterated integrals with additional letters in the alphabet.
|
[
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Mathematics"
] |
10.7554/eLife.22794
|
Emergence of transformation-tolerant representations of visual objects in rat lateral extrastriate cortex
|
Rodents are emerging as increasingly popular models of visual functions. Yet, evidence that rodent visual cortex is capable of advanced visual processing, such as object recognition, is limited. Here we investigate how neurons located along the progression of extrastriate areas that, in the rat brain, run laterally to primary visual cortex, encode object information. We found a progressive functional specialization of neural responses along these areas, with: (1) a sharp reduction of the amount of low-level, energy-related visual information encoded by neuronal firing; and (2) a substantial increase in the ability of both single neurons and neuronal populations to support discrimination of visual objects under identity-preserving transformations (e. g. , position and size changes). These findings strongly argue for the existence of a rat object-processing pathway, and point to the rodents as promising models to dissect the neuronal circuitry underlying transformation-tolerant recognition of visual objects.
|
[
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System"
] |
W2783615513
|
Impact of Drizzle-Sized Cloud Particles on Production of Precipitation in Hailstorms: A Sensitivity Study
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This sensitivity study examined the impact of drizzle on hailstorm characteristics and precipitation on the ground. A cloud-resolving mesoscale model with a two-moment bulk microphysical scheme is modified by introducing mixing ratio and number concentration of drizzle. Therefore, the cloud model integrates the mixing ratio and number concentration of the eight microphysical particles: cloud droplets, drizzle, raindrops, cloud ice, snowflakes, graupel, frozen raindrops and hailstones. We compared two microphysical schemes depending on whether drizzle particles are present or not. It can be noted that the presence of drizzle category slows the development of the rain in the hailstorm and its appearance on the ground. The increased values of radar reflectivity factor in simulations with drizzle are a result of significantly higher values of raindrop number concentration rather than their sizes and indicate the presence of hail as well. There are prominent decreases of the radar reflectivity factor in simulations with drizzle. The occurrence of heavy showers does not exist in results without drizzle. The absence of drizzle category leads to greater accumulations of rain and a wider area of downdrafts. The alternate case produces both weaker downdrafts and smaller area of downdraft cells due to a slower autoconversion of drizzle to rain and a smaller rain evaporation. A smaller amount of surface hail is expected in the non-drizzle case.
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[
"Earth System Science",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
] |
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