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W2566911526
|
A preliminary 1‐D model investigation of tidal variations of temperature and chlorinity at the Grotto mound, Endeavour Segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge
|
Tidal oscillations of venting temperature and chlorinity have been observed in the long-term time series data recorded by the Benthic and Resistivity Sensors (BARS) at the Grotto mound on the Juan de Fuca Ridge. In this study, we use a one-dimensional two-layer poroelastic model to conduct a preliminary investigation of three hypothetical scenarios in which seafloor tidal loading can modulate the venting temperature and chlorinity at Grotto through the mechanisms of subsurface tidal mixing and/or subsurface tidal pumping. For the first scenario, our results demonstrate that it is unlikely for subsurface tidal mixing to cause coupled tidal oscillations in venting temperature and chlorinity of the observed amplitudes. For the second scenario, the model results suggest that it is plausible that the tidal oscillations in venting temperature and chlorinity are decoupled with the former caused by subsurface tidal pumping and the latter caused by subsurface tidal mixing, although the mixing depth is not well constrained. For the third scenario, our results suggest that it is plausible for subsurface tidal pumping to cause coupled tidal oscillations in venting temperature and chlorinity. In this case, the observed tidal phase lag between venting temperature and chlorinity is close to the poroelastic model prediction if brine storage occurs throughout the upflow zone under the premise that layers 2A and 2B have similar crustal permeabilities. However, the predicted phase lag is poorly constrained if brine storage is limited to layer 2B as would be expected when its crustal permeability is much smaller than that of layer 2A.
|
[
"Earth System Science",
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
] |
10.1002/adem.201500068
|
The Requirements for Superplasticity with an Emphasis on Magnesium Alloys
|
Superplasticity is defined formally as a tensile elongation of at least 400% and a strain rate sensitivity of ≈0. 5. It is now well established that superplasticity occurs only in materials having very small grain sizes, typically less than ≈10 μm. These small grains may be achieved in two different ways in magnesium alloys: either by thermomechanical processing or through the occurrence of recrystallization in the early stages of deformation in alloys tested with coarse grain sizes.
|
[
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
] |
W1969368146
|
Future threats to agricultural food production posed by environmental degradation, climate change, and animal and plant diseases – a risk analysis in three economic and climate settings
|
Global food security is one of the most pressing issues for humanity, and agricultural production is critical for achieving this. The existing analyses of specific threats to agricultural food production seldom bring out the contrasts associated with different levels of economic development and different climatic zones. We therefore investigated the same biophysical threats in three modelled types of countries with different economic and climatic conditions. The threats analysed were environmental degradation, climate change and diseases and pests of animals and plants. These threats were analysed with a methodology enabling the associated risks to be compared. The timeframe was 2012–2050 and the analysis was based on three underlying assumptions for 2050: the world population will have increased to 9 billion people, there will be a larger middle class in the world and climate change will be causing more extreme weather events, higher temperatures and altered precipitation. It is suggested that the risks, presented by the biophysical threats analysed, differ among the three modelled types of countries and that climate zone, public stewardship and economic strength are major determinants of these differences. These determinants are far from evenly spread among the world’s major food producers, which implies that diversification of risk monitoring and international assessment of agricultural production is critical for assuring global food security in 2050.
|
[
"Earth System Science",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
] |
638995
|
Modeling the fracture toughness of metallic glasses through a multiscale approach
|
Bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) are promising materials that combine the strength of metal alloys with the elasticity of glassy polymers. Compared to their crystalline counterpart, the lack of dislocations and grain boundaries translates into better energy restitution, excellent wear, and corrosion resistance, making them promising candidates for sports goods to biomedical materials. Unfortunately, BMGs are notorious for exhibiting crack growth, fracture, and, ultimately, catastrophic failure, severely limiting their applications. Recently, experimental observation showed that BMGs could exhibit a mechanical transition revealed by a sharp drop in fracture toughness (ability to resist failure in the presence of a crack) as a function of a protocol (fictive) temperature that controls the glass stability. This transition strongly echoes with the ductile to brittle transition seen in recent numerical and theoretical works and is found to be linked to a sharp decrease in plastic defects (soft spots), which play a role similar to dislocations in crystals.
In this action, we propose investigating the toughening transition seen in BMGs through a novel multiscale numerical approach. This action aims to enable the parametrization of continuum models with the insight gained from microscopic simulations. In ToughMG, I will associate my experience in the detection and micromechanics of plastic defects at the microscopic level to the prominent expertise provided by Prof. Barrat and the host institution in modeling plasticity at the mesoscopic and macroscopic scale. The methodology developed will allow me to predict large scale plastic strain observed prior fracture as a function of the material's protocol history. This research plan can substantially advance our understanding of the connection between glassy structure and fracture mechanics of bulk metallic glasses and allows for better material design.
|
[
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
] |
10.1088/0004-637X/716/2/1503
|
A Spitzer Selected Galaxy Cluster At Z 1 62
|
We report the discovery of a galaxy cluster at z=1. 62 located in the Spitzer Wide-Area Infrared Extragalactic survey XMM-LSS field. This structure was selected solely as an overdensity of galaxies with red Spitzer/IRAC colors, satisfying [3. 6]-[4. 5] > -0. 1 AB mag. Photometric redshifts derived from Subaru XMM Deep Survey (BViz-bands), UKIRT Infrared Deep Survey-Ultra-Deep Survey (UKIDSS-UDS, JK-bands), and from the Spitzer Public UDS survey (3. 6-8. 0 micron) show that this cluster corresponds to a surface density of galaxies at z ~ 1. 6 that is more than 20 sigma above the mean at this redshift. We obtained optical spectroscopic observations of galaxies in the cluster region using IMACS on the Magellan telescope. We measured redshifts for seven galaxies in the range z=1. 62-1. 63 within 2. 8 arcmin ( 1. 7 mag. The photometric redshift probability distributions for the red galaxies are strongly peaked at z=1. 62, coincident with the spectroscopically confirmed galaxies. The rest-frame (U-B) color and scatter of galaxies on the red-sequence are consistent with a mean luminosity-weighted age of 1. 2 +/- 0. 1 Gyr, yielding a formation redshift z_f = 2. 35 +/- 0. 10, and corresponding to the last significant star-formation period in these galaxies.
|
[
"Universe Sciences"
] |
10.1371/journal.pone.0086496
|
Neural plasticity in human brain connectivity: The effects of long term deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in Parkinson's disease
|
Background: Positive clinical outcomes are now well established for deep brain stimulation, but little is known about the effects of long-term deep brain stimulation on brain structural and functional connectivity. Here, we used the rare opportunity to acquire pre- and postoperative diffusion tensor imaging in a patient undergoing deep brain stimulation in bilateral subthalamic nuclei for Parkinson's Disease. This allowed us to analyse the differences in structural connectivity before and after deep brain stimulation. Further, a computational model of spontaneous brain activity was used to estimate the changes in functional connectivity arising from the specific changes in structural connectivity. Results: We found significant localised structural changes as a result of long-term deep brain stimulation. These changes were found in sensory-motor, prefrontal/limbic, and olfactory brain regions which are known to be affected in Parkinson's Disease. The nature of these changes was an increase of nodal efficiency in most areas and a decrease of nodal efficiency in the precentral sensory-motor area. Importantly, the computational model clearly shows the impact of deep brain stimulation-induced structural alterations on functional brain changes, which is to shift the neural dynamics back towards a healthy regime. The results demonstrate that deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's Disease leads to a topological reorganisation towards healthy bifurcation of the functional networks measured in controls, which suggests a potential neural mechanism for the alleviation of symptoms. Conclusions: The findings suggest that long-term deep brain stimulation has not only restorative effects on the structural connectivity, but also affects the functional connectivity at a global level. Overall, our results support causal changes in human neural plasticity after long-term deep brain stimulation and may help to identify the underlying mechanisms of deep brain stimulation.
|
[
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
] |
W2074419650
|
The death of Mehmed Spaho and Dzemal Bijedic in the context of mythical constructions
|
During the Yugoslav period two of the most prominent personalities in the political life of Bosniaks from Bosnia and Herzegovina ended their lives while occupying prominent political offices at the Yugoslav level. Their deaths however were subject to various constructions, in scholarly as well as public discourse. These two individuals were Mehmed Spaho and Dzemal Bijedic. In their political work they were connected by the Yugoslav idea, in which they both believed, by the fact that both died suddenly, and the subsequent mythologization of their deaths. This mythologization had the aim to completely revise their political actions and was mainly a product of the new political context. In this paper the author attempts to contextualize the political activities and deaths of these two figures, and to explain the reasons for the mythologization that took place afterwards.
|
[
"The Study of the Human Past",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
] |
W1211637162
|
Androgen Depletion Induces Senescence in Prostate Cancer Cells through Down-regulation of Skp2
|
Although the induction of senescence in cancer cells is a potent mechanism of tumor suppression, senescent cells remain metabolically active and may secrete a broad spectrum of factors that promote tumorigenicity in neighboring malignant cells. Here we show that androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), a widely used treatment for advanced prostate cancer, induces a senescence-associated secretory phenotype in prostate cancer epithelial cells, indicated by increases in senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity, heterochromatin protein 1β foci, and expression of cathepsin B and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3. Interestingly, ADT also induced high levels of vimentin expression in prostate cancer cell lines in vitro and in human prostate tumors in vivo. The induction of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype by androgen depletion was mediated, at least in part, by down-regulation of S-phase kinase-associated protein 2, whereas the neuroendocrine differentiation of prostate cancer cells was under separate control. These data demonstrate a previously unrecognized link between inhibition of androgen receptor signaling, down-regulation of S-phase kinase-associated protein 2, and the appearance of secretory, tumor-promoting senescent cells in prostate tumors. We propose that ADT may contribute to the development of androgen-independent prostate cancer through modulation of the tissue microenvironment by senescent cells.
|
[
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
] |
337986
|
Optofluidic toolkit for characterizing single-cell dynamics in systems immunology
|
Immune cells constantly receive signalling inputs such as pathogen-emitted molecules, use gene regulatory pathways to process these signals, and generate outputs by secreting signalling molecules like cytokines. Characterizing the input-output relationship of a biological system helps understanding its regulatory mechanisms, and allows building models to predict how the system will operate in complex physiological scenarios, such as population tissue response to infection. A major obstacle in this endeavor has been the so-called “biological noise”, or significant variability in measured molecular parameters between cells. Such variability makes time-dependent single-cell analysis crucial to understand how biological systems operate. Development of new analytical tools with improved functionality, accuracy, and throughput is needed to realize the full potential of single-cell analysis. We propose to develop automated, high-throughput, Optofluidic single-cell analysis systems with unprecedented capabilities, and to use them in understanding how immune cells organize in tissue during response to infection. Microfluidic membrane-valves, nanodroplets, optics, and automation will be integrated to achieve an unparalleled degree of control over single immune cells. Multi-functional lab-on-chip devices will simultaneously measure: a) The activity of immune regulatory proteins such as NF-κB, and b) Inflammatory cytokines secreted from single immune cells in a time-dependent manner, under precisely defined biochemical inputs. Characterizing macrophage cytokine secretion dynamics under combinatorial regiments of bacterial and apoptotic-cell signals will allow dissecting the signalling mechanism responsible from the resolution of inflammation. We will identify the role of the NF-κB pathway in regulation of cytokine dynamics. We will use our data to develop a computer model of tissue-level immune response to pathogens through the NF-κB pathway and cytokine signaling.
|
[
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
] |
interreg_2601
|
Optimisation of Public Transport Policies for Green Mobility
|
Across Europe transport accounts for about 20 per cent of all greenhouse gas emissions, nearly half of those are related to passenger transport. To reduce the carbon footprint of mobility, public transport has to be strengthened, especially in rural and sub-urban regions that represent bottlenecks in public transport networks. As reasonably good infrastructures and moving stocks are available throughout Europe, policy improvements here can lever considerable reductions in carbon emissions. Those include better integration of different low-carbon transport modes (bicycle/e-mobility and public transport), better ticketing options (e.g. door-to-door mobility tickets), use of ICT to react in real-time to fluctuating demand (especially bus transport; e.g. flexible routing), timetable integration (between large city networks and sub-urban surroundings), higher passenger comfort (e.g. on-board WiFi allowing work and leisure online activities while in public transport) and promoting a better image of public transport (PR and participation). Through improved policies, public transport networks become more attractive, leading to more passengers and hence more financial means to further expand public transport.
OptiTrans partners engage in an interregional learning where these questions are addressed in thematic seminars and mutual peer reviews. Baseline studies and an investigation of good practices furthermore build capacities before lessons learnt are analysed with transport stakeholders and integrated in Action Plans. Policy improvements are anticipated in both ERDF ROP frameworks and mobility strategies in the partner regions.
Involved project partners represent local and regional public authorities who are in charge of mobility/transport strategies, planning and implementing public transport. Each partner has therefore the necessary capacities to lead in Phase 2 the implementation of the Action Plan being produced in result of the Phase 1 capacity building process.
|
[
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space",
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems"
] |
W2067458758
|
Factors associated with free adult preventive health care utilization among physically disabled people in Taiwan: nationwide population-based study
|
Few previous studies have specifically addressed the health care utilization situation of the physically disabled. This study aimed to investigate the utilization of free adult preventive health care for physically disabled people and its' affecting factors.The data was obtained from three nationwide databases from 2006 to 2008. This study comprised 329,264 physically disabled people in Taiwan above the age of 40 who had eligible health checks during 2008. We employed descriptive statistics to analyze the use and rate of free preventive health care use by physically disabled adults. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the factors that affect physically disabled adults' use of free adult preventive health care.16.37% of the physically disabled adults used free adult preventive health care. Women (17.66%), married (17.16%), a junior high education level (17.89%), and mildly disabled adults (18.77%) had the highest use rate among various participant subgroups. The variables that significantly influenced the use of free adult preventive health care by the physically disabled included gender, age, education, marital status, urbanization of the residence areas, monthly payroll, aboriginal status, catastrophic illnesses status, relevant chronic diseases, and severity of disability.Physically disabled using preventive health care tend to be low. Governments should use the media to reinforce propagation and education of these services to specific, low-utilization groups, and encourage doctors to actively provide preventive health care to communities.
|
[
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
] |
10.1016/j.chom.2016.10.016
|
The Liver at the Nexus of Host-Microbial Interactions
|
The liver receives blood from the intestine, from the spleen, and directly from the heart and holds a vital position in vertebrate physiology. It plays a role in intermediary metabolism, bile secretion, maintaining blood sterility, serum homeostasis, xenobiotic detoxification, and immunological activity. This article provides our perspective on the liver as a nexus in establishing and maintaining host microbial mutualism. We discuss the role of the liver not only in sanitizing the blood stream from penetrant live microbes, but also in metabolizing xenobiotics that are synthesized or modified by intestinal microbes, and how microbiota modify the signaling potential of bile acids. The combination of bile acids as hormones and the metabolic control from pervasive effects of other absorbed microbial molecules powerfully shape hepatic metabolism. In addition, intestinal microbial metabolites can be sensed by liver-resident immune cells, which may disturb liver homeostasis, leading to fibrosis and liver cancer.
|
[
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy"
] |
10.1007/s11104-015-2382-z
|
O<inf>2</inf> dynamics in the rhizosphere of young rice plants (Oryza sativa L.) as studied by planar optodes
|
Results: O2 leakage was heterogeneously distributed with zones of intense leakage around roots tips and young developing roots. While the majority of roots exhibited high ROL others remained surrounded by anoxic soil. ROL was affected by ambient O2 levels around the plant, as well as irradiance, indicating a direct influence of photosynthetic activity on ROL. At onset of darkness, oxia in the rhizosphere was drastically reduced, but subsequently oxia gradually increased, presumably as root and/or soil respiration declined.
|
[
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Earth System Science"
] |
10.1093/bioinformatics/btv101
|
Deep sequencing analysis of viral infection and evolution allows rapid and detailed characterization of viral mutant spectrum
|
Motivation: The study of RNA virus populations is a challenging task. Each population of RNA virus is composed of a collection of different, yet related genomes often referred to as mutant spectra or quasispecies. Virologists using deep sequencing technologies face major obstacles when studying virus population dynamics, both experimentally and in natural settings due to the relatively high error rates of these technologies and the lack of high performance pipelines. In order to overcome these hurdles we developed a computational pipeline, termed ViVan (Viral Variance Analysis). ViVan is a complete pipeline facilitating the identification, characterization and comparison of sequence variance in deep sequenced virus populations. Results: Applying ViVan on deep sequenced data obtained from samples that were previously characterized by more classical approaches, we uncovered novel and potentially crucial aspects of virus populations. With our experimental work, we illustrate how ViVan can be used for studies ranging from the more practical, detection of resistant mutations and effects of antiviral treatments, to the more theoretical temporal characterization of the population in evolutionary studies. Availability and implementation: Freely available on the web at http://www. vivanbioinfo. org.
|
[
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
] |
10.1088/0004-637X/723/1/797
|
Ogle 2005 Blg 153 Microlensing Discovery And Characterization Of A Very Low Mass Binary
|
The mass function and statistics of binaries provide important diagnostics of the star formation process. Despite this importance, the mass function at low masses remains poorly known due to observational difficulties caused by the faintness of the objects. Here we report the microlensing discovery and characterization of a binary lens composed of very low mass stars just above the hydrogen-burning limit. From the combined measurements of the Einstein radius and microlens parallax, we measure the masses of the binary components of 0. 10 ± 0. 01 M ☉ and 0. 09 ± 0. 01 M ☉. This discovery demonstrates that microlensing will provide a method to measure the mass function of all Galactic populations of very low mass binaries that is independent of the biases caused by the luminosity of the population.
|
[
"Universe Sciences",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
] |
10.1186/s12864-015-2012-4
|
BubbleGUM: Automatic extraction of phenotype molecular signatures and comprehensive visualization of multiple Gene Set Enrichment Analyses
|
Background: Recent advances in the analysis of high-throughput expression data have led to the development of tools that scaled-up their focus from single-gene to gene set level. For example, the popular Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) algorithm can detect moderate but coordinated expression changes of groups of presumably related genes between pairs of experimental conditions. This considerably improves extraction of information from high-throughput gene expression data. However, although many gene sets covering a large panel of biological fields are available in public databases, the ability to generate home-made gene sets relevant to one's biological question is crucial but remains a substantial challenge to most biologists lacking statistic or bioinformatic expertise. This is all the more the case when attempting to define a gene set specific of one condition compared to many other ones. Thus, there is a crucial need for an easy-to-use software for generation of relevant home-made gene sets from complex datasets, their use in GSEA, and the correction of the results when applied to multiple comparisons of many experimental conditions. Result: We developed BubbleGUM (GSEA Unlimited Map), a tool that allows to automatically extract molecular signatures from transcriptomic data and perform exhaustive GSEA with multiple testing correction. One original feature of BubbleGUM notably resides in its capacity to integrate and compare numerous GSEA results into an easy-to-grasp graphical representation. We applied our method to generate transcriptomic fingerprints for murine cell types and to assess their enrichments in human cell types. This analysis allowed us to confirm homologies between mouse and human immunocytes. Conclusions: BubbleGUM is an open-source software that allows to automatically generate molecular signatures out of complex expression datasets and to assess directly their enrichment by GSEA on independent datasets. Enrichments are displayed in a graphical output that helps interpreting the results. This innovative methodology has recently been used to answer important questions in functional genomics, such as the degree of similarities between microarray datasets from different laboratories or with different experimental models or clinical cohorts. BubbleGUM is executable through an intuitive interface so that both bioinformaticians and biologists can use it. It is available at http://www. ciml. univ-mrs. fr/applications/BubbleGUM/index. html.
|
[
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
] |
10.1098/rstb.2018.0024
|
From social brains to social robots: applying neurocognitive insights to human–robot interaction
|
Amidst the fourth industrial revolution, social robots are resolutely moving from fiction to reality. With sophisticated artificial agents becoming ever more ubiquitous in daily life, researchers across different fields are grappling with the questions concerning how humans perceive and interact with these agents and the extent to which the human brain incorporates intelligent machines into our social milieu. This theme issue surveys and discusses the latest findings, current challenges and future directions in neuroscience- and psychology-inspired human–robot interaction (HRI). Critical questions are explored from a transdisciplinary perspective centred around four core topics in HRI: technical solutions for HRI, development and learning for HRI, robots as a tool to study social cognition, and moral and ethical implications of HRI. Integrating findings from diverse but complementary research fields, including social and cognitive neurosciences, psychology, artificial intelligence and robotics, the contributions showcase ways in which research from disciplines spanning biological sciences, social sciences and technology deepen our understanding of the potential and limits of robotic agents in human social life. This article is part of the theme issue ‘From social brains to social robots: applying neurocognitive insights to human–robot interaction’.
|
[
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
] |
10.1007/978-3-662-44584-6_11
|
Lost In Abstraction Monotonicity In Multi Threaded Programs
|
Monotonicity in concurrent systems stipulates that, in any global state, extant system actions remain executable when new processes are added to the state. This concept is not only natural and common in multi-threaded software, but also useful: if every thread’s memory is finite, monotonicity often guarantees the decidability of safety property verification even when the number of running threads is unknown. In this paper, we show that the act of obtaining finite-data thread abstractions for model checking can be at odds with monotonicity: Predicate-abstracting certain widely used monotone software results in non-monotone multi-threaded Boolean programs — the monotonicity is lost in the abstraction. As a result, well-established sound and complete safety checking algorithms become inapplicable; in fact, safety checking turns out to be undecidable for the obtained class of unbounded-thread Boolean programs. We demonstrate how the abstract programs can be modified into monotone ones, without affecting safety properties of the non-monotone abstraction. This significantly improves earlier approaches of enforcing monotonicity via overapproximations.
|
[
"Computer Science and Informatics"
] |
10.1163/9789004355095_009
|
Women In Merchant Families Women In Trade In Mid 19Th Century Romanian Countries
|
A collection of stories and analysis about women, luxury, fashion and education in South-Eastern Europe in pre-modern and modern times.
|
[
"The Study of the Human Past",
"Studies of Cultures and Arts"
] |
W1998149576
|
Prostate Cancer Stem Cells
|
Stem cells have long been implicated in prostate gland formation. The prostate undergoes regression after androgen deprivation and regeneration after testosterone replacement. Regenerative studies suggest that these cells are found in the proximal ducts and basal layer of the prostate. Many characteristics of prostate cancer indicate that it originates from stem cells. For example, the putative androgen receptor-negative (AR(-)) status of prostate stem cells renders them inherently insensitive to androgen blockade therapy. The androgen-regulated gene fusion TMPRSS2-ERG could be used to clarify both the cells of origin and the evolution of prostate cancer cells. In this review, we show that the hypothesis that distinct subtypes of cancer result from abnormalities within specific cell types-the stem cell theory of cancer-may instigate a major paradigm shift in cancer research and therapy. Ultimately, the stem cell theory of cancers will affect how we practice clinical oncology: our diagnosis, monitoring, and therapy of prostate and other cancers.
|
[
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
] |
10.1007/s10464-015-9705-3
|
Direct and Indirect Effects of Caregiver Social Support on Adolescent Psychological Outcomes in Two South African AIDS-Affected Communities
|
Caregiver social support has been shown to be protective for caregiver mental health, parenting and child psychosocial outcomes. This is the first known analysis to quantitatively investigate the relationship between caregiver social support and adolescent psychosocial outcomes in HIV-endemic, resource–scarce Southern African communities. A cross-sectional household survey was conducted over 2009–2010 with 2,477 South African adolescents aged 10–17 and their adult caregivers (18 years or older) in one urban and one rural community in South Africa’s KwaZulu-Natal province. Adolescent adjustment was assessed using adult caregiver reports of the Strengths and Difficulties questionnaire (SDQ), which measures peer problems, hyperactivity, conduct problems, emotional symptoms and child prosocial behavior. Hierarchical linear regressions and multiple mediation analyses, using bootstrapping procedures, were conducted to assess for: (a) direct effects of more caregiver social support on better adolescent psychosocial wellbeing; and (b) indirect effects mediated by better parenting and caregiver mental health. Direct associations (p < . 001), and indirect associations mediated through better parenting, were found for all adolescent outcomes. Findings reinforce the importance of social support components within parenting interventions but also point to scope for positive intervention on adolescent psychosocial wellbeing through the broader family social network.
|
[
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
] |
10.1142/S0218196715500022
|
A Computational Approach To The Thompson Group F
|
Let F denote the Thompson group with standard generators A = x0, B = x1. It is a long standing open problem whether F is an amenable group. By a result of Kesten from 1959, amenability of F is equivalent to $${\rm (i)} \quad \Vert I + A + B\Vert = 3$$ and to $${\rm (ii)} \quad \Vert A + A^{-1} + B + B^{-1}\Vert = 4,$$ where in both cases the norm of an element in the group ring ℂF is computed in B(l2(F)) via the regular representation of F. By extensive numerical computations, we obtain precise lower bounds for the norms in (i) and (ii), as well as good estimates of the spectral distributions of (I+A+B)*(I+A+B) and of A+A-1+B+B-1 with respect to the tracial state τ on the group von Neumann Algebra L(F). Our computational results suggest, that $$\Vert I+A+B\Vert \approx 2. 95 \quad \Vert A+A^{-1}+B+B^{-1}\Vert \approx 3. 87. $$ It is however hard to obtain precise upper bounds for the norms, and our methods cannot be used to prove non-amenability of F.
|
[
"Mathematics"
] |
W2388572213
|
Application and research on safety monitoring system of dangerous chemicals production,storage and transportation
|
The structure of safety monitoring system for dangerous chemicals production,storage and transportation based on GIS,GPS and wireless sensor network technology was presented.The software architecture and functions were proposed.The application in DaLian GuangMing Special Gas Products Co.,Ltd was produced.The system uses wireless sensor network technology to real-time monitor dangerous chemicals production and storage sites,and uses GPS and GPRS technologies to track and monitor transport vehicles,and realizes the query,analysis,dynamic management of the information of dangerous chemicals production and storage sites and transport vehicles,thus providing a basis for monitoring the tailing reservoir safety,which is of important practical significance to prevent or reduce the accident damage.
|
[
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
] |
10.1016/j.jfineco.2017.06.017
|
The source of information in prices and investment-price sensitivity
|
This paper shows that real decisions depend not only on the total amount of information in prices, but the source of this information—a manager learns from prices when they contain information not possessed by him. We use the staggered enforcement of insider trading laws across 27 countries as a shock to the source of information that leaves total information unchanged: enforcement reduces (increases) managers’ (outsiders’) contribution to the stock price. Consistent with the predictions of our theoretical model, enforcement increases investment-q sensitivity, even when controlling for total price informativeness. The effect is larger in industries where learning is likely to be stronger, and in emerging countries where outsider information acquisition rises most post-enforcement. Enforcement does not increase the sensitivity of investment to cash flow, a non-price measure of investment opportunities. These findings suggest that extant measures of price efficiency should be rethought when evaluating real efficiency. More broadly, our paper provides causal evidence that managers learn from prices, by using a shock to price informativeness.
|
[
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems"
] |
10.1038/srep38842
|
A Critical Role for Toxoplasma gondii Vacuolar Protein Sorting VPS9 in Secretory Organelle Biogenesis and Host Infection
|
Accurate sorting of proteins to the three types of parasite-specific secretory organelles namely rhoptry, microneme and dense granule in Toxoplasma gondii is crucial for successful host cell invasion by this obligate intracellular parasite. Despite its tiny body architecture and limited trafficking machinery, T. gondii relies heavily on transport of vesicles containing proteins, lipids and important virulence-like factors that are delivered to these secretory organelles. However, our understanding on how trafficking of vesicles operates in the parasite is still limited. Here, we show that the T. gondii vacuolar protein sorting 9 (TgVps9), has guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) activity towards Rab5a and is crucial for sorting of proteins destined to secretory organelles. Our results illuminate features of TgVps9 protein as a key trafficking facilitator that regulates protein maturation, secretory organelle formation and secretion, thereby ensuring a primary role in host infection by T. gondii.
|
[
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy"
] |
W1507304809
|
Indian Mythic Vision in W.B. Yeats and T.S. Eliot
|
This article is a critical study on the oriental sources which two major poets–W.B. Yeats and T.S. Eliot–exploited for the exploration of a new centre of life and a new basis of values. They felt irresistibly drawn to the glorious myths of ancient India and attempted to interweave them with those of the West through their immortal works of art. They were influenced by eastern thought, but more as borrowers than as disciples, because the temper of their own thinking was not eastern. What they learned from India was worked over and reshaped by a sense of values that they believed had come down to them through scholars–Indian and English. This sense of values could transform their gleanings is theosophy, magic, Buddhism and spiritualism from a hotchpotch to a harmony. India and her literature of wisdom–perennial sources of inspiration to the world at large–have carved out an abiding place in the hearts of many Western poets, particularly Yeats and Eliot: There is some reason to suppose that Yeats’s affinity with Indian thought and Indian outlook on life has somehow been closer than that of any other comparable Western poet who came under that spell some time or other. In poets like Emerson and Whitman, Indian thought has undoubtedly been an important influence, but strongly as it coloured their reflection, it remained one of the elements of the Philosophical synthesis which they built. (Kantak 1965: 80) Yeats, perhaps more than T.S. Eliot, shares Indian mythic vision. His response to mythical India can be traced to the identity between ancient India and Ireland. Yeats believes that primitive India and Ireland are complementary to each other. Primitive Ireland like India was athrob with tales of wonder and mystery. Naturally, he felt an inner compulsion to explore the meaning and essence of life in Indian myths. Indian attitude towards rebirth caught the poetic fancy of W.B. Yeats. His vision of all the elements of the temporal world of sense and passion equally as parts of a whole is essentially the primitive vision of India. He finds nothing sinful or hateful. Even when he desires
|
[
"Texts and Concepts",
"Studies of Cultures and Arts"
] |
DE 19832067 A
|
Kalander für Bahnen aus Papier oder ähnlichem Material
|
Ein Kalander (1) für Bahnen (24) aus Papier oder ähnlichem Material besitzt einen Ständer (16) und mindestens einen Walzenstapel (2, 3), der wenigstens vier Walzen (4 bis 13) aufweist. Die beiden Endwalzen (4, 8, 9, 13) sind als Durchbiegungseinstellwalzen ausgebildet. Die der oberen Durchbiegungseinstellwalze (4, 9) benachbarte Zwischenwalze (5, 10) ist ständerfest gelagert. Mit Hilfe der oberen Durchbiegungseinstellwalze (4, 9) ist die Druckspannung im obersten Nip (25, 26) unabhängig von der Druckspannung in den folgenden Nips (28 bis 33) einstellbar. Auf diese Weise ergeben sich verbesserte Möglichkeiten zur Behandlung der Papierbahn.
|
[
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
] |
10.1007/s00204-015-1543-4
|
Experimental models of liver fibrosis
|
Hepatic fibrosis is a wound healing response to insults and as such affects the entire world population. In industrialized countries, the main causes of liver fibrosis include alcohol abuse, chronic hepatitis virus infection and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. A central event in liver fibrosis is the activation of hepatic stellate cells, which is triggered by a plethora of signaling pathways. Liver fibrosis can progress into more severe stages, known as cirrhosis, when liver acini are substituted by nodules, and further to hepatocellular carcinoma. Considerable efforts are currently devoted to liver fibrosis research, not only with the goal of further elucidating the molecular mechanisms that drive this disease, but equally in view of establishing effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. The present paper provides a state-of-the-art overview of in vivo and in vitro models used in the field of experimental liver fibrosis research.
|
[
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
] |
CA 2700544 A
|
ATHLETIC MOUTHGUARD WITH CUSTOMIZABLE COLOR INSERT
|
This invention relates to a protective mouthguard for use by athletes that incorporates a color customizable feature, allowing users to customize the visible color of the mouthguard. The invented protective mouthguard has a u- shaped base that will fit inside of a user's mouth. The front surface of the mouthguard can be visible when the mouthguard is worn by the user inside of his mouth. A colorable strip is placed inside a cavity in the front wall of the mouthguard and is visible through holes that are placed in the front wall.
|
[
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
] |
10.1007/978-3-319-96385-3_8
|
Spatial Distribution Of Local Landmarks In Route Based Sketch Maps
|
Landmarks are important elements in route instructions communicated for wayfinding in unfamiliar environments. This paper aims to investigate the distribution of local landmarks in human sketch maps provided for wayfinding purpose. We investigated sets of route instructions given by student participants who were asked to give directions in environments that they are very familiar with to someone unfamiliar. These environments differ in size as well as their relation to city centers. In particular, one route goes into the city, one route goes through the city center, and the third route ranges between two cities. The results show that local landmarks are distributed differently in each route and showing high density of landmarks at some portions of the route. The study further clarifies the distribution of landmarks along routes with relation to the length of the route. It also contributes to the work concerning the cognitive aspects of wayfinding with a specific focus on the distribution of landmarks in route instructions.
|
[
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
] |
222043
|
Propagation of atmospheric rossby waves - connection to predictability of climate extremes
|
Extreme weather events, such as heatwaves, droughts and flooding, have a devastating impact on humanity, causing increased mortality and suffering, as well as economic losses. Skillful predictions of such events, with sufficient lead-time for adaptation procedures can provide huge benefits to humankind. Recent extreme events, including the severe European and Russian heatwaves, have been found to be associated with particular atmospheric wave dynamics, specifically the propagation of Rossby waves along atmospheric waveguides. Our proposed research will explore the seasonal predictability of extreme events through a lens of atmospheric waveguides and Rossby wave propagation. We will answer four key research questions:
I. What is the predictability of dominant modes of variability in waveguide geometry?
II. How does the frequency of extreme events as a function of location relate to waveguide geometry in both observations and forecast systems?
III. How do the results from I and II combine to provide predictability on the likelihood of extreme events?
IV. How does model resolution impact Rossby wave propagation and the relationship to extreme events?
Both re-analysis (observational) data, and seasonal forecast model data will be used. We will calculate the Rossby refractive index and analyze its spatial and temporal variability, quantifying the predictability in waveguide geometry. Extreme events (heatwaves, cold snaps, droughts and blocking events) will be identified in the datasets, with lag-lead regression and composites revealing the connections to the waveguide geometry. We will create empirical models to predict the frequency of extreme events, evaluate their reliability, and compare to these to existing dynamical forecasts. Our goal is to harness the increased understanding of climate extremes that atmospheric dynamics can bring, to help improve the predictability of extreme events, reducing their human and societal impacts.
|
[
"Earth System Science",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
] |
10.1177/0309132515575417
|
Re Thinking Residential Mobility Linking Lives Through Time And Space
|
While researchers are increasingly re-conceptualizing international migration, far less attention has been devoted to re-thinking short-distance residential mobility and immobility. In this paper we harness the life course approach to propose a new conceptual framework for residential mobility research. We contend that residential mobility and immobility should be re-conceptualized as relational practices that link lives through time and space while connecting people to structural conditions. Re-thinking and re-assessing residential mobility by exploiting new developments in longitudinal analysis will allow geographers to understand, critique and address pressing societal challenges.
|
[
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
] |
W2007838334
|
A new route for synthesizing C/LiFePO4/multi-walled carbon nanotube secondary particles for lithium ion batteries
|
Abstract Nanosized C/LiFePO 4 /MWCNTs secondary particles were synthesized by a combination of hydrothermal progress and a facile electro-polymerization polyaniline process with simultaneous calcinations. In combination with the continuous three-dimensional (3D) networks and high electronic conduction facilitating the kinetics of both electron transport and lithium ion diffusion within the particles, the optimized electrodes exhibit an ultrahigh rate capacity with a tap density of 1.78 g cm − 3 , stable charge/discharge cycle ability. The synthesized LiFePO 4 composite demonstrated an increased reversible capacity and better cycling ability compared to the bare LiFePO 4 , offering a discharge capacity of 169.9 mAh g − 1 (nearly to its the theoretical capability 170 mAh g − 1 ) at the C/10 rate and delivering a good rate performance with a capacity of 143.4 mAh g − 1 at a high rate of 20 C, and stable charge/discharge cycle ability (> 95% capacity retention after 200 charge/discharge cycles).This non-organic facile synthesize avenue can be highly desirable to prepare next-generation high-power lithium ion batteries.
|
[
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Materials Engineering",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
] |
Q4928114
|
PUBLIC NOTICE FOR THE PRESENTATION OF INTERNATIONALISATION PROJECTS THROUGH PARTICIPATION IN INTERNATIONAL FAIRS TAKING PLACE FROM 01/10/2020 TO 31/12/2021
|
PUBLIC NOTICE FOR THE PRESENTATION OF INTERNATIONALISATION PROJECTS THROUGH PARTICIPATION IN INTERNATIONAL FAIRS TAKING PLACE FROM 01/10/2020 TO 31/12/2021
|
[
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems"
] |
W54293297
|
Fourier expansion of Arakawa lifting II: Relation with central L-values
|
This is a continuation of our previous paper [Fourier expansion of Arakawa lifting I: An explicit formula and examples of non-vanishing lifts, Israel J. Math. 187 (2012) 317–369]. The aim of the paper here is to study the Fourier coefficients of Arakawa lifts in relation with central values of automorphic [Formula: see text]-functions. In the previous paper we provide an explicit formula for the Fourier coefficients in terms of toral integrals of automorphic forms on multiplicative groups of quaternion algebras. In this paper, after studying explicit relations between the toral integrals and the central [Formula: see text]-values, we explicitly determine the constant of proportionality relating the square norm of a Fourier coefficient of an Arakawa lift with the central [Formula: see text]-value. We can relate the square norm with the central value of some [Formula: see text]-function of convolution type attached to the lift and a Hecke character. We also discuss the existence of strictly positive central values of the [Formula: see text]-functions in our concern.
|
[
"Mathematics"
] |
Q4199318
|
RC PROJECT DOME RED
|
The ÂDOME Red PROJECT HAS OBJECTIVE TO THE REALISATION OF A NEW GENERATION DOMOTIC SYSTEM, in order to follow the EVOLUTIVIVE PASS that the different devices are available in SMART HOME, for the purpose of configuring healthy environs, ACCOGLIENTS AND ACCESSIBLES (MACROTEMATICA SMART LIVING).RC PROJECT NASCE IN 2015 from the IMPRENDITORIAL SPIRIT OF THE FUNDER AND A MATURATE EXPERIENCE INIZIALMENT IN THE SECTOR OF CIVIL AND INDUSTRIAL ELECTRIAL IMPIATIVES.RC PROJECT is projected into the future with the objective PRECT to be ALWAYS MORE A REFERENCE POLICY IN THE ITALIAN MARKET OF INSTALLATION AND TO BE A REFERENCE TECHNOLOGY POLICY FOR THE CUSTOMER PROPRIATION. FOR THIS RAGIONI WANT TO INVEST IN R&D OF THE DOME RED PROJECT, the HEART OF THE SYSTEM will be HIGHED TO THE REALISATION OF A BASED SOLUTION ON THE ENVIRONMENT OPEN SOURCE NODE RED (IBM) PROJECT Phases (for a total of 14 months) SARANN 4 (FIN
|
[
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
] |
10.1002/anie.201107404
|
Bridging between organocatalysis and biocatalysis: Asymmetric addition of acetaldehyde to β-nitrostyrenes catalyzed by a promiscuous proline-based tautomerase
|
Non-natural beauty: The enzyme 4-oxalocrotonate tautomerase (4-OT) promiscuously (i. e. , with non-natural activity) catalyzes the Michael-type addition of acetaldehyde to nitrostyrene. Catalysis likely proceeds via enamine formation of the amino-terminal proline residue of 4-OT with acetaldehyde (see picture), reminiscent of organocatalysis. High stereoselectivity, low catalyst loading, and water as reaction medium characterize this methodology.
|
[
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
] |
W1162721621
|
Improved Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) based matrix as a potential solid electrolyte for electrochemical energy conversion devices, obtained by gamma irradiation
|
Abstract PVA (Poly(vinyl alcohol)) matrixes were developed for potential application in electrochemical energy conversion devices, like batteries, alkaline fuel cells and electrolyzers. They were prepared by ɣ-irradiation of aqueous PVA solutions, followed by different post irradiation treatments. By immersion in an electrolyte they become membranes with high ionic conductivities. The treatments were shown as the key factor determining the conductivity, through affecting their structure. An improved structure has large fractional free volume, and allows high electrolyte uptake and thus high conductivity (0.30 S cm −1 –0.34 S cm −1 ). The structure, as well as the conductivity , has not been changed even after a period of 14 months, although the membranes have been exposed to strong alkaline medium. Besides high and long-term conductivity of the KOH doped membranes, other important properties for application in the devices were investigated, like thermal stability and gas crossover through the membranes. The 10%PVA 25kGy membrane doped with saturated LiNO 3 solution was tested in a rechargeable aqueous Li-ion battery. Due to its high conductivity it allowed an electrode material to have the same coulombic efficiency as it would have in liquid LiNO 3 , showing good compatibility with the material. All these properties make the memebranes attractive candidates for possible application in the electrochemical devices.
|
[
"Materials Engineering",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
] |
10.1098/rstb.2012.0047
|
Polyandry and sex-specific gene expression
|
Polyandry is widespread in nature, and has important evolutionary consequences for the evolution of sexual dimorphism and sexual conflict. Although many of the phenotypic consequences of polyandry have been elucidated, our understanding of the impacts of polyandry and mating systems on the genome is in its infancy. Polyandry can intensify selection on sexual characters and generate more intense sexual conflict. This has consequences for sequence evolution, but also for sex-biased gene expression, which acts as a link between mating systems, sex-specific selection and the evolution of sexual dimorphism. We discuss this and the remarkable confluence of sexual-conflict theory and patterns of gene expression, while also making predictions about transcription patterns, mating systems and sexual conflict. Gene expression is a key link in the genotype-phenotype chain, and although in its early stages, understanding the sexual selection-transcription relationship will provide significant insights into this critical association.
|
[
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
] |
269136
|
Mobilizing for democracy: Democratization processes and the mobilization of civil society
|
The project addresses the role of civil society organizations (CSOs) in democratization processes, bridging social science approaches to social movements and democracy. With a theoretical interest in the interactions between structure and agency, the project starts by revisiting the “transitology” approach to democratization and the political process approach to social movements, before moving towards more innovative approaches in both areas. From the theoretical point of view, a main innovation will be in addressing both structural preconditions as well as actors’ strategies, looking at the intersection of structure and agency. In an historical and comparative perspective, I aim to develop a description and an understanding of the conditions and effects of the participation of civil society organizations in the various stages of democratization processes. Different parts of the research will address different sub-questions linked to the broad question of CSOs’ participation in democratization processes: a) under which (external and internal) conditions and through which mechanisms do CSOs support democratization processes? b) Under which conditions and through which mechanisms do they play an important role in democratization processes? c) Under which conditions and through which mechanisms are they successful in triggering democratization processes? d) And, finally, what is the legacy of the participation of civil society during transitions to democracy on the quality of democracy during consolidation? The main empirical focus will be on recent democratization processes in EU member and associated states. The comparative research design will, however, also include selected comparisons with oppositional social movements in authoritarian regimes as well as democratization processes in other historical times and geopolitical regions. From an empirical point of view, a main innovation will lie in the development of mixed method strategies.
|
[
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems"
] |
10.1007/s00029-019-0465-z
|
Cyclicity and R-matrices
|
Let S 1 , … , S N simple finite-dimensional modules of a quantum affine algebra. We prove that if S i ⊗ S j is cyclic for any i< j (i. e. generated by the tensor product of the highest weight vectors), then S 1 ⊗ ⋯ ⊗ S N is cyclic. The proof is based on the study of R-matrices.
|
[
"Mathematics"
] |
10.3390/genes9090461
|
Evolutionary emergence of drug resistance in candida opportunistic pathogens
|
Fungal infections, such as candidiasis caused by Candida, pose a problem of growing medical concern. In developed countries, the incidence of Candida infections is increasing due to the higher survival of susceptible populations, such as immunocompromised patients or the elderly. Existing treatment options are limited to few antifungal drug families with efficacies that vary depending on the infecting species. In this context, the emergence and spread of resistant Candida isolates are being increasingly reported. Understanding how resistance can evolve within naturally susceptible species is key to developing novel, more effective treatment strategies. However, in contrast to the situation of antibiotic resistance in bacteria, few studies have focused on the evolutionary mechanisms leading to drug resistance in fungal species. In this review, we will survey and discuss current knowledge on the genetic bases of resistance to antifungal drugs in Candida opportunistic pathogens. We will do so from an evolutionary genomics perspective, focusing on the possible evolutionary paths that may lead to the emergence and selection of the resistant phenotype. Finally, we will discuss the potential of future studies enabled by current developments in sequencing technologies, in vitro evolution approaches, and the analysis of serial clinical isolates.
|
[
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy"
] |
10.1090/jag/764
|
Notions of Stein spaces in non-Archimedean geometry
|
Let
k
k
be a non-Archimedean complete valued field and let
X
X
be a
k
k
-analytic space in the sense of Berkovich. In this note, we prove the equivalence between three properties: (1) for every complete valued extension
k
′
k’
of
k
k
, every coherent sheaf on
X
×
k
k
′
X \times _{k} k’
is acyclic; (2)
X
X
is Stein in the sense of complex geometry (holomorphically separated, holomorphically convex), and higher cohomology groups of the structure sheaf vanish (this latter hypothesis is crucial if, for instance,
X
X
is compact); (3)
X
X
admits a suitable exhaustion by compact analytic domains considered by Liu in his counter-example to the cohomological criterion for affinoidicity. When
X
X
has no boundary the characterization is simpler: in (2) the vanishing of higher cohomology groups of the structure sheaf is no longer needed, so that we recover the usual notion of Stein space in complex geometry; in (3) the domains considered by Liu can be replaced by affinoid domains, which leads us back to Kiehl’s definition of Stein space.
|
[
"Mathematics"
] |
W2981404398
|
Membangun Kinerja Pemasaran BMT Berorientasi Pelanggan(Studi Pada BMT se-eks Karesidenan Semarang Jawa Tengah)
|
ABSTRACT
This study intends to assess the impact of Customer Orientation variable towards Marketing Performance in Baitul Maal wat Tamwil (BMT) in Ex-Residency Semarang (Semarang, Salatiga, Kendal, Demak, and Grobogan) through Service Improvement Capability, Value Co-Creation Quality, and Competitive Advantage variables. This study takes 123 respondents as manager in BMT.
Analysis tool used in this study is Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The result of overall models of data analysis have met the criteria of Goodness of Fit with the value of chi square = 195,365, degrees of fredoom = 165, probability = 0,053, CMIN/DF = 1,184, GFI = 0,863, AGFI = 0,826, TLI = 0,941, CFI = 0,948, dan RMSEA = 0,039. Thus, the proposed research models can be accepted.
The result of the study shows that there are significant effect between Customer Orientation and Service Improvement Capability, Customer Orientation and Value Co-Creation Quality, Service Improvement Capability and Competitive Advantage, Value Co-Creation Quality and Competitive Advantage, and Competitive Advantage and Marketing performance.
Key Words : Customer Orientation, Service Improvement Capability, Value Co-Creation Quality, Competitive Advantage, and Marketing Performance.
|
[
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
] |
10.1109/ULTSYM.2016.7728653
|
Quantitative Ultrasound Molecular Imaging For Antiangiogenic Therapy Monitoring
|
The link between cancer growth and angiogenesis has led to the development of new techniques for cancer imaging and therapy. Ultrasound molecular imaging permits the visualization of angiogenesis by use of novel targeted ultrasound contrast agents, (tUCA), consisting of ligand-bearing microbubbles designed to specifically bind molecular angiogenic expressions. Discrimination between bound and free microbubbles is crucial to quantify angiogenesis. Currently, the degree of binding is assessed by the differential targeted enhancement, requiring the application of a destructive burst in the late phase (usually 5–10 min after injection) to isolate the signal from bound microbubbles. Recently, we proposed a novel method for quantitative assessment of binding by modeling the microbubble binding kinetics during the tUCA first pass, reducing the acquisition time to 1 min with no need for a destructive burst. The feasibility of the method for angiogenesis imaging was shown in prostate tumor-bearing rats. In this work, we evaluate the proposed method for monitoring the response to angiogenic treatment in human colon cancer xenograft-bearing mice.
|
[
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
] |
US 2010/0061498 W
|
WATER-DISPERSIBLE SILICONE RESINS
|
A process for preparing an aqueous dispersion of a silicone resin is disclosed by reacting a mixture containing an alkylalkoxysilane and a cationic alkoxysilane to form a self dispersing silicone resin and subsequently combining the silicone resin with water to form the dispersion. The resulting dispersions are useful for forming coatings on various substrates that are essentially free of co-surfactants or volatile organic solvents.
|
[
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Materials Engineering"
] |
EP 2014001396 W
|
DISK BRAKE, IN PARTICULAR FOR UTILITY VEHICLES, AND BRAKE PAD OF A DISK BRAKE OF SAID TYPE
|
A disk brake, in particular for utility vehicles, having a brake disk, having a brake caliper which engages over the brake disk, having a brake carrier (14), having a brake pad (16) and having a brake-application device which presses the brake pad against the brake disk during braking operations, wherein the brake pad is situated in a U-shaped slot, and the two legs of the "U" serve for supporting the brake pad in the circumferential direction of the brake disk and the "base" (32, 34) of the "U" serves for supporting the brake pad in a radially inward direction, wherein the spacing (B1) between the two legs of the "U" at the radially outer ends thereof is smaller than the spacing (B2) at the radially inner ends thereof.
|
[
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
] |
10.3934/dcds.2018178
|
Automatic sequences as good weights for ergodic theorems
|
We study correlation estimates of automatic sequences (that is, sequences computable by finite automata) with polynomial phases. As a consequence, we provide a new class of good weights for classical and polynomial ergodic theorems. We show that automatic sequences are good weights in L2 for polynomial averages and totally ergodic systems. For totally balanced automatic sequences (i. e. , sequences converging to zero in mean along arithmetic progressions) the pointwise weighted ergodic theorem in L1 holds. Moreover, invertible automatic sequences are good weights for the pointwise polynomial ergodic theorem in Lr, r > 1.
|
[
"Mathematics",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
] |
W1828300761
|
The Determinats of Cross-Cultural Adjustment: A Case of Japanese Expatriates in Thailand
|
Global human resource management plays an important role in determining the success of MNCs by facilitating the process of expatriation. Cross-cultural adjustment of expatriates is the major driving force for successful international expansion and expatriation. Each year, an increasing number of expatriates come to Thailand to take up international assignments of which the largest number is Japanese expatriates. This study examines crucial antecedents of cross-cultural adjustment of the Japanese expatriates in Thailand. The independent variables include learning characteristics, congruency of organizational cultures, effectiveness of cross-cultural training, mentor programming and demographic profile. An important moderator in the process is spouses’ degree of adjustment in the environment of the host country. The conceptualization of this model is aimed at understanding the mechanisms required to overcome the impacts of cultural distance between the two countries; Thailand and Japan. This quantitative study was conducted using questionnaire surveys. A total of 412 Japanese expatriates working in subsidiaries in Thailand were surveyed. The statistical treatments employed were structural equation modeling (SEM) and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The findings demonstrated that individual learning characteristics, effectiveness of cross-cultural training, and spouse adjustment were the major predictors of the Japanese expatriates’ cross-cultural adjustment in Thailand. In addition, mentor programs and age groups could also create significant difference on the overall degree of cross-cultural adjustment. The expatriates and spouses should be provided with proper processes of selection, preparation, and support based on effective human resource management practices of their Japanese multinational corporations.
|
[
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
] |
10.1103/PhysRevB.84.064433
|
μsR investigation of magnetism and magnetoelectric coupling in Cu <inf>2</inf>OSeO<inf>3</inf>
|
A detailed zero- and transverse-field muon spin rotation investigation of magnetism and the magnetoelectric coupling in Cu2OSeO3 is reported. An internal magnetic field Bint(T=0)=85. 37(25) mT was found, in agreement with a ferrimagnetic state below Tc=57. 0(1) K. The temperature dependence of the magnetic order parameter is well described by the relation Bint=B(0)(1-(T/Tc)2)β∼ with an effective exponent β∼0. 39(1), which is close to the critical exponent β1/3 for a three-dimensional (3D) magnetic system. Just above Tc the muon relaxation rate follows the power law λ(T)(T/Tc-1)-ω∼ with ω∼=1. 06(9), which is characteristic for 3D ferromagnets. Measurements of Bint(T) with and without an applied electrostatic field E=1. 66×105 V/m suggest a possible electric-field effect of magnitude ΔBV=BV(0V)-BV(500V)=-0. 4(4) mT.
|
[
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
] |
10.1039/c5cs00531k
|
Semimetal-functionalised polyoxovanadates
|
Recent synthetic advances have greatly expanded the class of polyoxovanadate cluster structures that are in part substituted or augmented by semimetal (Si, Ge, As, Sb) groups, in turn enabling subsequent functionalization steps and resulting in novel materials properties.
|
[
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
] |
10.1149/2.0361905jes
|
The effect of trap states on the optoelectronic properties of nanoporous nickel oxide
|
Nickel oxide (NiO) is often used as a hole-transporter material in both photovoltaic and photoelectrochemical solar cells. As a result of the reversible nickel(II)/(III) transformation, it is also electrochromic. These potential-dependent optoelectronic properties of this intriguing material, however, are yet to be fully understood. In this article, we show that the picture is more complicated than the generally discussed nickel(II)/(III) transformation, because of the presence of trap states. We reveal that the density of states is directly influenced by the applied potential in nanoporous NiO films; and show how it manifests in the electrical properties and Raman spectral features. We demonstrated that the population/depopulation of shallow trap states has an important role in dictating these changes. The presented insights can also contribute to the better understanding of the optoelectronic properties of different semiconductor electrodes under charging conditions.
|
[
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
] |
10.1111/jeb.12403
|
Inbreeding depression in male gametic performance
|
One key objective in evolutionary ecology is to understand the magnitude of inbreeding depression expressed across sex-specific components of fitness. One major component of male fitness is fertilization success, which depends on male gametic performance (sperm and pollen performance in animals and plants, respectively). Inbreeding depression in male gametic performance could create sex-specific inbreeding depression in fitness, increase the benefit of inbreeding avoidance and reduce the efficacy of artificial insemination and pollination. However, there has been no assessment of the degree to which inbreeding generally depresses male gametic performance and hence post-copulatory or post-pollination fertilization success. Because inbreeding depression is understood to be a property of diploid entities, it is not clear what degree of inbreeding depression in haploid gametic performance should be expected. Here, we first summarize how inbreeding depression in male gametic performance could potentially arise through gene expression in associated diploid cells and/or reduced genetic diversity among haploid gametes. We then review published studies that estimate the magnitude of inbreeding depression in traits measuring components of sperm or pollen quantity, quality and competitiveness. Across 51 published studies covering 183 study traits, the grand mean inbreeding load was approximately one haploid lethal equivalent, suggesting that inbreeding depresses male gametic performance across diverse systems and traits. However, there was an almost complete lack of explicit estimates from wild populations. Future studies should quantify inbreeding depression in systematic sets of gametic traits under naturally competitive and noncompetitive conditions and quantify the degree to which gamete phenotypes and performance reflect haploid vs. diploid gene expression.
|
[
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
] |
10.1007/JHEP05(2017)058
|
R Αr N Inflation In Higher Dimensional Space Times
|
We generalise Starobinsky’s model of inflation to space-times with D > 4 dimensions, where D − 4 dimensions are compactified on a suitable manifold. The D-dimensional action features Einstein-Hilbert gravity, a higher-order curvature term, a cosmological constant, and potential contributions from fluxes in the compact dimensions. The existence of a stable flat direction in the four-dimensional EFT implies that the power of space-time curvature, n, and the rank of the compact space fluxes, p, are constrained via n = p = D/2. Whenever these constraints are satisfied, a consistent single-field inflation model can be built into this setup, where the inflaton field is the same as in the four-dimensional Starobinsky model. The resulting predictions for the CMB observables are nearly indistinguishable from those of the latter.
|
[
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Universe Sciences"
] |
755965
|
Resolving the links between poverty and rule-breaking in a conservation context
|
Poverty is frequently perceived to be the root cause of illegal natural resource use – the hunting or extraction of wildlife not sanctioned by the state. When unsustainable, such activities threaten conservation of ecosystems and endangered species. However, understanding what motivates individuals involved is a major challenge; understandably few are willing to discuss their motives for fear of punishment [1]. Furthermore, severe, multifaceted poverty overlaps with regions prioritised for their globally important biodiversity [2]. This association exacerbates the problem that illegal activities pose for policy-makers responsible for managing and policing the use of nature. The dominant approach to conserving biodiversity is to establish protected areas [3] which typically restrict resource use and manage infractions through law enforcement [4]. However, the designation of such areas does not guarantee compliance, as demonstrated by ongoing infractions [5] and its conspicuous profile on global policy agendas. This includes the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development which calls for urgent action to halt biodiversity loss and hunting of protected species [6]. Solving this problematic cocktail of poverty, exclusion from resources and drivers of illegal resource use requires a new approach to understanding why people break rules and to what extent poverty underpins behaviour. Recent advances in cutting-edge techniques for asking sensitive questions are paving the way towards a more accurate understanding of the prevalence and drivers of illegal acts [7]. Combining conservation social science with development studies, criminology and social psychology, this project will examine, for the 1st time, the relative importance of multidimensional poverty and socio-psychological characteristics in dictating people’s involvement in illegal resource use which will be contextualised by histories of national park establishment and how the idea of illegality shifts through time.
|
[
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems"
] |
10.1145/3332466.3374528
|
Taming Unbalanced Training Workloads In Deep Learning With Partial Collective Operations
|
Load imbalance pervasively exists in distributed deep learning training systems, either caused by the inherent imbalance in learned tasks or by the system itself. Traditional synchronous Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) achieves good accuracy for a wide variety of tasks, but relies on global synchronization to accumulate the gradients at every training step. In this paper, we propose eager-SGD, which relaxes the global synchronization for decentralized accumulation. To implement eager-SGD, we propose to use two partial collectives: solo and majority. With solo allreduce, the faster processes contribute their gradients eagerly without waiting for the slower processes, whereas with majority allreduce, at least half of the participants must contribute gradients before continuing, all without using a central parameter server. We theoretically prove the convergence of the algorithms and describe the partial collectives in detail. Experiments are conducted on a variety of neural networks and datasets. The results on load-imbalanced environments show that eager-SGD achieves 2. 64 X speedup (ResNet-50 on ImageNet) over the asynchronous centralized SGD, and achieves 1. 29 X speedup (ResNet-50 on ImageNet) and 1. 27X speedup (LSTM on UCF101) over the state-of-the-art synchronous decentralized SGDs, without losing accuracy.
|
[
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
] |
10.1038/s41467-018-03016-2
|
High contiguity Arabidopsis thaliana genome assembly with a single nanopore flow cell
|
The handheld Oxford Nanopore MinION sequencer generates ultra-long reads with minimal cost and time requirements, which makes sequencing genomes at the bench feasible. Here, we sequence the gold standard Arabidopsis thaliana genome (KBS-Mac-74 accession) on the bench with the MinION sequencer, and assemble the genome using typical consumer computing hardware (4 Cores, 16 Gb RAM) into chromosome arms (62 contigs with an N50 length of 12. 3 Mb). We validate the contiguity and quality of the assembly with two independent single-molecule technologies, Bionano optical genome maps and Pacific Biosciences Sequel sequencing. The new A. thaliana KBS-Mac-74 genome enables resolution of a quantitative trait locus that had previously been recalcitrant to a Sanger-based BAC sequencing approach. In summary, we demonstrate that even when the purpose is to understand complex structural variation at a single region of the genome, complete genome assembly is becoming the simplest way to achieve this goal.
|
[
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
] |
W2981512640
|
Principles of MSW Landfill Sites’ Placement Depending on Geological and Hydrogeological Conditions of Territories (Based on Moscow Region)
|
More than 31 billion tons of unutilized waste have accumulated in Russia, and this amount is increasing every year. The dump sites’ locations require profound scientific analysis. When choosing areas for landfill sites with minimal environmental damage to surrounding areas, it is necessary to consider the following aspects: the degree of suitability of natural conditions, the engineering and geological features of the territories, including the lithological, soil, hydrological and hydrogeological, geofiltration conditions of territories, as well as the presence of settlements and sanitary zones around them, etc. At present, the choice of sites for landfills is carried out without engineering and geological surveys, without taking into account the presence of geochemical barriers and the depth to groundwater. The negative impact on the environment of MSW landfills, the design of which was carried out without taking into account the geological structure and hydrogeological conditions of the territories where they were located, was considered.
|
[
"Earth System Science",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
] |
W2007282228
|
A study of highly charged ions transmission through polycarbonate nanocapillaries with multi-holes
|
The transmission of highly charged Xe and Ne ions through polycarbonate (PC) nanocapillaries with multiple holes (m-PC) was investigated at the Institute of Modern Physics (IMP) in Lanzhou. In particular, Au films were evaporated on both the front side and the back to prevent the surface from charging up. The time effect was observed and the charging up model in an insulating nanocapillary was employed to explain the phenomenon. It was found that more than 98% of the transmitted ions remained in their initial charge state. The guiding effect and the relationship between the charge state and the critical angle were also studied.
|
[
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
] |
225712
|
Found in translation – natural language understanding with cross-lingual grounding
|
Natural language understanding is the ""holy grail"" of computational linguistics and a long-term goal in research on artificial intelligence. Understanding human communication is difficult due to the various ambiguities in natural languages and the wide range of contextual dependencies required to resolve them. Discovering the semantics behind language input is necessary for proper interpretation in interactive tools, which requires an abstraction from language-specific forms to language-independent meaning representations. With this project, I propose a line of research that will focus on the development of novel data-driven models that can learn such meaning representations from indirect supervision provided by human translations covering a substantial proportion of the linguistic diversity in the world. A guiding principle is cross-lingual grounding, the effect of resolving ambiguities through translation. The beauty of that idea is the use of naturally occurring data instead of artificially created resources and costly manual annotations. The framework is based on deep learning and neural machine translation and my hypothesis is that training on increasing amounts of linguistically diverse data improves the abstractions found by the model. Eventually, this will lead to universal sentence-level meaning representations and we will test our ideas with multilingual machine translation and tasks that require semantic reasoning and inference.
|
[
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
] |
10.1002/jnr.24026
|
Probing nano-organization of astroglia with multi-color super-resolution microscopy
|
Astroglia are essential for brain development, homeostasis, and metabolic support. They also contribute actively to the formation and regulation of synaptic circuits, by successfully handling, integrating, and propagating physiological signals of neural networks. The latter occurs mainly by engaging a versatile mechanism of internal Ca2+ fluctuations and regenerative waves prompting targeted release of signaling molecules into the extracellular space. Astroglia also show substantial structural plasticity associated with age- and use-dependent changes in neural circuitry. However, the underlying cellular mechanisms are poorly understood, mainly because of the extraordinary complex morphology of astroglial compartments on the nanoscopic scale. This complexity largely prevents direct experimental access to astroglial processes, most of which are beyond the diffraction limit of optical microscopy. Here we employed super-resolution microscopy (direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy; dSTORM), to visualize astroglial organization on the nanoscale, in culture and in thin brain slices, as an initial step to understand the structural basis of astrocytic nano-physiology. We were able to follow nanoscopic morphology of GFAP-enriched astrocytes, which adapt a flattened shape in culture and a sponge-like structure in situ, with GFAP fibers of varied diameters. We also visualized nanoscopic astrocytic processes using the ubiquitous cytosolic astrocyte marker proteins S100β and glutamine synthetase. Finally, we overexpressed and imaged membrane-targeted pHluorin and lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase (N-terminal domain) -green fluorescent protein (lck-GFP), to better understand the molecular cascades underlying some common astroglia-targeted fluorescence imaging techniques. The results provide novel, albeit initial, insights into the cellular organization of astroglia on the nanoscale, paving the way for function-specific studies.
|
[
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
] |
10.1007/s00221-015-4261-5
|
Disrupting saccadic updating: visual interference prior to the first saccade elicits spatial errors in the secondary saccade in a double-step task
|
When we explore the visual environment around us, we produce sequences of very precise eye movements aligning the objects of interest with the most sensitive part of the retina for detailed visual processing. A copy of the impending motor command, the corollary discharge, is sent as soon as the first saccade in a sequence is ready to monitor the next fixation location and correctly plan the subsequent eye movement. Neurophysiological investigations have shown that chemical interference with the corollary discharge generates a distinct pattern of spatial errors on sequential eye movements, with similar results also from clinical and TMS studies. Here, we used saccadic inhibition to interfere with the temporal domain of the first of two subsequent saccades during a standard double-step paradigm. In two experiments, we report that the temporal interference on the primary saccade led to a specific error in the final landing position of the second saccade that was consistent with previous lesion and neurophysiological studies, but without affecting the spatial characteristics of the first eye movement. On the other hand, single-step saccades were differently influence by the flash, with a general undershoot, more pronounced for larger saccadic amplitude. These findings show that a flashed visual transient can disrupt saccadic updating in a double-step task, possibly due to the mismatch between the planned and the executed saccadic eye movement.
|
[
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System"
] |
677696
|
Evolution and Impact of Heterochromatin on a Young Drosophila Y chromosome
|
The transition from euchromatin to heterochromatin is a fundamental process that particularly reshaped the epigenomic landscape of Y chromosome. Its definitive genomic underpinning and broad functional impact are still unclear, as heterochromatin (e.g., that of human Y) is usually too repetitive to study. I have previously demonstrated that, the young Y (‘neo-Y’) chromosome of Drosophila miranda has just initiated such a transition, thus is a powerful model to unveil the evolution, regulation and functional interaction of heterochromatin. I showed that this neo-Y still harbours over 1800 genes, and only 20-50% of the sequences are transposable elements (TE). Over five years, I aim to: 1) precisely resolve the structure and insertion sites of TEs as a pre-requisite for studying heterochromatin, by combining state-of-art sequencing and bioinformatic techniques. 2) I will reveal the de novo heterochromatin formation triggered by TE insertions or the heterochromatin/euchromatin boundary shifts on the neo-Y, by comparing the binding profiles of histone modification hallmarks and insulator proteins of D. miranda to its sibling species D. pseudoobscura, which lacks the neo-Y. Such epigenomic changes have likely driven the exaptation or innovation of small RNA pathways that govern the TE mobility. 3) I will then identify the responsible small RNAs and their encoding loci, which are expected to have newly emerged or differentially expressed in D. miranda relative to D. pseudoobscura. 4) Finally, I will develop CRISPR/Cas9 in D. miranda to manipulate the expression of TEs encoding such small RNAs on the neo-Y, in order to scrutinize how TE/heterochromatin evolution on the Y would impact the chromatin landscape of the entire host genome. The combined aim of this multidisciplinary project is to generate a framework for understanding the basic mechanisms of how heterochromatin evolves; and open a new avenue toward the discovery of Y chromosome function beyond male determination.
|
[
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
] |
10.1186/1471-2148-11-316
|
The Ancient Evolutionary Origins Of Scleractinia Revealed By Azooxanthellate Corals
|
Scleractinian corals are currently a focus of major interest because of their ecological importance and the uncertain fate of coral reefs in the face of increasing anthropogenic pressure. Despite this, remarkably little is known about the evolutionary origins of corals. The Scleractinia suddenly appear in the fossil record about 240 Ma, but the range of morphological variation seen in these Middle Triassic fossils is comparable to that of modern scleractinians, implying much earlier origins that have so far remained elusive. A significant weakness in reconstruction(s) of early coral evolution is that deep-sea corals have been poorly represented in molecular phylogenetic analyses. By adding new data from a large and representative range of deep-water species to existing molecular datasets and applying a relaxed molecular clock, we show that two exclusively deep-sea families, the Gardineriidae and Micrabaciidae, diverged prior to the Complexa/Robusta coral split around 425 Ma, thereby pushing the evolutionary origin of scleractinian corals deep into the Paleozoic. The early divergence and distinctive morphologies of the extant gardineriid and micrabaciid corals suggest a link with Ordovician "scleractiniamorph" fossils that were previously assumed to represent extinct anthozoan skeletonized lineages. Therefore, scleractinian corals most likely evolved from Paleozoic soft-bodied ancestors. Modern shallow-water Scleractinia, which are dependent on symbionts, appear to have had several independent origins from solitary, non-symbiotic precursors. The Scleractinia have survived periods of massive climate change in the past, suggesting that as a lineage they may be less vulnerable to future changes than often assumed.
|
[
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Earth System Science"
] |
10.1190/geo2017-0796.1
|
Source-receiver Marchenko redatuming on field data using an adaptive double-focusing method
|
We have developed an adaptive double-focusing method that is specifically designed for the field-data application of source-receiver Marchenko redatuming. Typically, the single-focusing Marchenko method is combined with a multidimensional deconvolution (MDD) to achieve redatuming. Our method replaces the MDD step by a second focusing step that naturally complements the single-focusing Marchenko method. Instead of performing the MDD method with the directionally decomposed Green’s functions that result from single-focusing, we now use the retrieved upgoing Green’s function and the retrieved downgoing focusing function to obtain a redatumed reflection response in the physical medium. Consequently, we only remove the strongest overburden effects instead of removing all of the overburden effects. However, the gain is a robust method that is less sensitive to imperfections in the data and a sparse acquisition geometry than the MDD method. In addition, it is computationally much cheaper, more straightforward to implement, and it can be parallelized over pairs of focal points, which makes it suitable for application to large data volumes. We evaluate the successful application of our method to 2D field data of the Santos Basin.
|
[
"Earth System Science",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
] |
10.1002/marc.201300732
|
Ionic supramolecular networks fully based on chemicals coming from renewable sources
|
New supramolecular ionic networks are synthesized by proton transfer reaction between a bio-based fatty diamine molecule (Priamine 1074) and a series of naturally occurring carboxylic acids such as malonic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, and 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid. The resulting solid soft material exhibits a thermoreversible transition becoming a viscoelastic liquid at high temperatures. All the networks show an elastic behavior at low temperatures/high frequencies, with elastic modulus values ranging from 4. 5 × 10 6 to 4. 5 × 107 Pa and soft network to liquid transitions Tnl between -10 and 60 °C. The supramolecular ionic network based on cationic Priamine 1074 and anionic citrate shows promising self-healing properties at room temperature as well as relatively high ionic conductivity values close to 10-6 S cm-1. A new route to synthesize fully bio-based supramolecular ionic networks is reported. This communication describes the rheological and thermal characterization of these networks. The relationship between the chemical nature and their properties and its application as self-healing material is investigated.
|
[
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Materials Engineering"
] |
10.1016/j.schres.2012.06.019
|
Auditory verbal hallucinations in schizophrenia as aberrant lateralized speech perception: Evidence from dichotic listening
|
We report evidence that auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) in schizophrenia patients are perceptual distortions lateralized to the left hemisphere. We used a dichotic listening task with repeated presentations of consonant-vowel syllables, a different syllable in the right and left ear. This task produces more correct reports for the right ear syllable in healthy individuals, indicative of left hemisphere speech processing focus. If AVHs are lateralized to the left hemisphere language receptive areas, then this should interfere with correct right ear reports in the dichotic task, which would result in significant negative correlations with severity of AVHs. We correlated the right and left ear correct reports with the PANSS hallucination symptom, and a randomly selected negative symptom, in addition to the sum total of the positive and negative symptoms, in 160 patients with schizophrenia. The results confirmed the predictions with significant negative correlations for the right ear scores with the PANSS hallucination item, and for the sum total of positive symptoms, while all other correlations were close to zero. The results are unambiguous evidence for AVHs as aberrant speech perceptions originating in the left hemisphere.
|
[
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
] |
W1972711184
|
Analytical Prediction of the Critical Depth of Cut and Worst Spindle Speeds for Chatter in End Milling
|
The frequency response function (FRF) method has been well used to determine the worst spindle speeds and their critical limiting chip width for turning operation by finding the maximum negative real part of the FRF. In this study, a modified FRF concept is adapted for a 2 DOF milling system of planar isotropic dynamics to determine the worst spindle speeds and the critical limiting axial depth of cut in explicit, analytic formulas. Analogous to the formulation of worst spindle speeds, similar expression for the best spindle speeds is also obtained. The modified FRF is obtained by multiplying the original FRF of the structure with a complex scaling factor, corresponding to a scaling and a rotation of its original Nyquist plot. The scaling factor is determined analytically from the system characteristic equation with the radial cutting constant and radial immersion angle as the major system parameters. Through the presented method, it is also shown that the worst spindle speeds for a milling operation can be found without the prior knowledge of modal dynamics and stability lobe diagram. The proposed analytical expressions are confirmed by the existing stability models and experimentally verified.
|
[
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
] |
10.1088/0031-9155/60/22/8869
|
On Line Mr Imaging For Dose Validation Of Abdominal Radiotherapy
|
For quality assurance and adaptive radiotherapy, validation of the actual delivered dose is crucial. Intrafractional anatomy changes cannot be captured satisfactorily during treatment with hitherto available imaging modalitites. Consequently, dose calculations are based on the assumption of static anatomy throughout the treatment. However, intra- and interfraction anatomy is dynamic and changes can be significant. In this paper, we investigate the use of an MR-linac as a dose tracking modality for the validation of treatments in abdominal targets where both respiratory and long-term peristaltic and drift motion occur. The on-line MR imaging capability of the modality provides the means to perform respiratory gating of both delivery and acquisition yielding a model-free respiratory motion management under free breathing conditions. In parallel to the treatment, the volumetric patient anatomy was captured and used to calculate the applied dose. Subsequently, the individual doses were warped back to the planning grid to obtain the actual dose accumulated over the entire treatment duration. Ultimately, the planned dose was validated by comparison with the accumulated dose. Representative for a site subject to breathing modulation, two kidney cases (25 Gy target dose) demonstrated the working principle on volunteer data and simulated delivery. The proposed workflow successfully showed its ability to track local dosimetric changes. Integration of the on-line anatomy information could reveal local dose variations -2. 3-1. 5 Gy in the target volume of a volunteer dataset. In the adjacent organs at risk, high local dose errors ranging from -2. 5 to 1. 9 Gy could be traced back.
|
[
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
] |
W2167253354
|
Beyond the Looking Glass: The Narcissistic Woman Reflected and Embodied in Classic Hollywood Film
|
Linking the images of stars as contrasting as Bette Davis, Marilyn Monroe, and Gloria Swanson, and uniting genres like romantic comedy, film noir, and melodrama, the figure of the narcissistic woman stands as a versatile, ever-present extraand intradiegetic force in the dream factory of classical Hollywood. She is, in fact, the lead in what sociologist Edgar Morin conceptualizes in The Stars (1957) as a golden-age “myth of love”: Calling upon the psychic and sensory investment of her fans with her otherworldly aura and material impact, the female star emerges as both the active subject of romantic narratives and the admired on-screen partner in a love affair with the spectator. Like Ovid‟s original Narcissus before her, the narcissistic woman of Hollywood exists, as Morin describes it, to “focus...love‟s magic on [herself].” Contemporary film theory, however, has interpreted the star not as a subjective force in this dialogical “magic” between actress and spectator but rather as the product of a patriarchal system of filmmaking, one that objectifies women both on the screen and in the audience. In an effort to further analyze the questions of identity and representation evoked by the female star and her audience, this thesis will seek an alternative to the binaries that tend to characterize the traditional understanding of women in classic Hollywood (that is, spectator/star, narcissistic subject/idealized object; male/female, active/passive). Rather than read narcissism as a one-dimensional, monologic preoccupation with one‟s image, this research posits that classic cinematic representations of the woman‟s relationship to the self invite an examination of the existential complexity of a figure negotiating the registers of corporeal reality and ethereal ideality, star persona and diegetic character. In the hopes of highlighting the active engagements – between star and role; spectator, actress, and filmic form itself – inspired by these cinematic entities and their “myths of love,” this work will connect psychoanalytic concerns with Edgar Morin‟s cultural history of Hollywood, Laura U. Marks‟s theory of haptic visuality, and the phenomenological understanding of film outlined by Vivian Sobchack in an exploration of the embodied subjectivities borne by the on-screen Narcissus and her offscreen audience. Table of contents I. The Narcissistic Woman: Reflections and Projections...1 II. Redefining the Ideal: Katharine Hepburn in The Philadelphia Story (1941) and Woman of the Year (1942)...43 III. “What are you running away from? Is it me?”: Vanishing Differences in Mildred Pierce (1945) and Leave Her to Heaven (1945)...98 IV. Transcending Narcissism: Materiality and Essence in Four Rita Hayworth Films...165 V. “Wherever There’s Magic”: Performance Time in Sunset Boulevard (1950) and All About Eve (1950)...236 VI. Marilyn Monroe: “The Last Glimmering of the Sacred”...306 VII. Beyond the Looking Glass...384 Works Cited and Filmography...397 Acknowledgements With much gratitude and appreciation to: my supervisors, Martine Beugnet and Katharine Swarbrick, for their insights and encouragement; John Orr, for his guidance; and Dorota Ostrowska, for introducing me to Edgar Morin. With especial thanks to Laura Mulvey for her thoughtful commentary, and Kriss Ravetto for her feedback and support in the final stages of revision. And many thanks to Kate Marshall for her technical expertise. I would also like to thank Brighid Heenan, Molly Hermes, Kim Richmond, and Silvia Villa for their brilliant friendship. And, as ever, with love to my beautiful parents: my father, Richard, who gave me the movies; and my mother, Janice, who makes me believe in the five of hearts.
|
[
"Texts and Concepts",
"Studies of Cultures and Arts"
] |
263794
|
Nonmarital childbearing in comparative perspective: trends, explanations, and lifecourse trajectories
|
Over the past several decades, childbearing within cohabitation has risen sharply throughout most of Europe, Australia, and the U.S. This project aims to study the diffusion of childbearing within cohabitation using a number of analytic levels and methodological perspectives. We will explore the following questions:
1) Trends: How does fertility differ by union status, and how do these differences change over time? Are there differences by parity, age pattern, or timing? How does the decline in marital fertility contribute to the increase in share of nonmarital births?
2) Explanations: What are the underlying reasons for increasing childbearing within cohabitation? What has produced variation across countries? How do policies impact and/or respond to childbearing within cohabitation? How do societal-level perceptions of cohabitation, marriage, and childbearing differ across countries?
3) Lifecourse trajectories: How do the lifecourse trajectories for women who bear children differ by union status? Are women who give birth within cohabitation more likely to experience changes in family structure? Is childbearing within cohabitation associated with future negative social, emotional, or economic outcomes?
To answer these questions, we will use an innovative mixed-methods strategy that 1) analyzes a unique database of harmonized reproductive and union histories, 2) conducts qualitative research into the role of policies and general perspectives on nonmarital childbearing, and 3) examines longitudinal surveys in comparative perspective. Ultimately, we aim to develop a new theoretical framework for understanding the diffusion of family change. This research will provide insights into whether lifecourse trajectories are diverging, potentially exacerbating social inequality.
|
[
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
] |
W2347965144
|
Sedimentary Characteristics and Tectonic Setting of the Middle Triassic Pingxiang Basin, Guangxi
|
The middle-Triassic Pingxiang basin,located within the suture of Indochina and South China blocks, records the closure of the Paleo-Tethys and the collision of the Indochina and South China blocks. Based on the detailed analyses of the geological sections, sedimentary facies, and provenance of this basin were systematically studied in this paper, and then the tectonic setting of this basin was also discussed. Our new results indicate that the sediments of the Pingxiang Basin are dominated by deep-water basin facies, turbidite fan facies and delta facies deposits. A series of tectonic rises and deep valleys were developed during Middle-Triassic because of subduction and collision. The deep-water basin, which is composed of dark-grey mudstone with debris flow interlayers, is formed on the steep slope of the tectonic rises. The turbidite fan facies is characterized by flute cast, normal-graded bedding, climbing ripple lamination, convolute lamination, bidirectional cross bedding, lenticular bedding and parallel bedding. The delta facies, characterized by large tabular cross bedding, tidal creek deposits, thick lenticular sandbody and brick red mudstone, is similar to the Jamacia-type fan delta that is developed in a subduction-related tectonic setting, which probably occurs in a gentle slope of the tectonic rises. Sedimentation analysis indicates that the deposits are predominantly produced by debris flow, turbidity current, additionally, and bottom current. Paleocurrent flow suggests material is transported to north and south. Petrography features show that the sandstones, which have low compositional maturity and textural maturity, derived from recycled orogen or collisional orogen. Our result suggests that Pingxiang basin, considered as a synchronal product with arc-type rhyolite (the Beisi Formation), is an intensively modified remnant forearc basin that resulted from the closure of the Paleo-Tethys ocean. The sedimentation started in late-Permian and ended in the late stage of mid-Triassic, implying that the final collision between Indochina and South China blocks occurred in mid-Triassic.
|
[
"Earth System Science"
] |
10.1111/cdep.12180
|
Using Eye Tracking to Understand Infants' Attentional Bias for Faces
|
Infants have a natural tendency to look at adults' faces, possibly to help initiate vital interactions with caregivers during sensitive periods of development. Recent studies using eye-tracking technologies have identified the mechanisms that underlie infants' capacity to orient and hold attention on faces. These studies have shown that the bias for faces is weak in young infants, but becomes more robust and resistant to distraction during the second half of the 1st year. This development is apparently related to more general changes in infants' attention and control of eye movement. As a tractable and reproducible aspect of infant behavior, the attention bias for faces can be used to examine the neural correlates of attention and may be a way to monitor early neurodevelopment in infants.
|
[
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
] |
10.1371/journal.pone.0084431
|
Label-free imaging of lipid depositions in C. elegans using third-harmonic generation microscopy
|
Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms regulating lipid storage and metabolism is essential for mitigating excess adiposity and obesity, which has been associated with increased prevalence of severe pathological conditions such as cardiovascular disorders and type II diabetes, worldwide. However, imaging fatty acid distribution and dynamics in vivo, at the cellular or organismal level is challenging. We developed a label-free method for visualizing lipid depositions in vivo, based on third harmonic generation (THG) microscopy. THG imaging requires a single pulsed-laser light source, alleviating the technical challenges of implementing coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering spectroscopy (CARS) to detect fat stores in living cells. We demonstrate that THG can be used to efficiently and reliably visualize lipid droplets in Caenorhabditis elegans. Thus, THG microscopy offers a versatile alternative to fluorescence and dye-based approaches for lipid biology research.
|
[
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
] |
W2383250632
|
The Air Mass Exchange between the Surface and Free Atmosphere and Its Relationship with the South Asian Summer Monsoon
|
The Himalayas is an important area of the Tibetan Plateau,and is also a typical large-scale mountain region.The strong solar irradiance under the steep topography and complex terrains of the Himalayas introduces a distinguished local circulation system.The distinct mountain system could cause a different surface-to-air exchange process from that over the plateau flat areas and other mountain regions.Besides,the Himalayas is adjacent to the South Asian monsoon regions,the air mass exchange between the surface and free atmosphere could also be affected by the monsoon evolution.In this study,the surface-to-air mass exchange in the Rongbuk Valley on the north side of the Himalayas is analyzed,based on the observational and large scale grid data in June 2006.Results show that:1)The surface-to-air exchange is dominated by the strong downward transfer from afternoon to early morning.The averaged downward transfer of the air volume flux is 7.9×106 m3·s-1,equivalent to around 38 times of the enclosed valley volume;2)the surface-to-air mass exchange is closely related to the South Asian summer monsoon(SASM)activities,with strong air mass transfer(air volume flux of 9.7×106 m3·s-1)in the SASM break period and weak transfer(air volume flux of 6.6×106 m3·s-1)in the SASM active period;3)the SASM can possibly affect the Himalayan surface-to-air exchange mainly by changing the local radiation conditions.
|
[
"Earth System Science"
] |
10.1118/1.2789407
|
A New Method For Quantitative Analysis Of Mammographic Density
|
Women with mammographic percent density >50% have a approximately three-fold increased risk of developing breast cancer, potentially making them screening candidates for breast MRI scanning. The purpose of this work is to introduce a new method to quantify mammographic percent density (MPD), and to compare the results with the current standard of care for breast density assessment. Craniocaudal (CC) and mediolateral oblique (MLO) mammograms for 104 patients were digitized and analyzed using an interactive computer-assisted segmentation routine implemented for two purposes: (1) to segment the breast area from background and radiographic markers, and (2) to segment dense from fatty portions of the breast. Our technique was evaluated by comparing the results to qualitative estimates determined by a certified breast radiologist using the BI-RADS Categorical Assessment (1 (fatty) to 4 (dense) scale). Statistically significant correlations (two-tailed, p < 0. 01) were observed between calculated MPD and BI-RADS for both CC (Spearman rho = 0. 67) and MLO views (Spearman rho = 0. 71). For the CC view, statistically significant differences were revealed between the mean MPD for each BI-RADS category except between fatty (BI-RADS 1) and scattered (BI-RADS 2). Finally, for the MLO views, statistically significant differences in the mean MPD between all BI-RADS categories were observed. Comparing the CC and MLO views revealed a strong positive correlation (Pearson r = 0. 8) in calculated MPD. In addition, an evaluation of the reproducibility of our segmentation demonstrated the average standard deviation of MPD for a subsample of eight patients, measured five times, was 1. 9% (range: 0. 03%-9. 9%). Eliminating one misassignment reduced the average standard deviation to 0. 75% (range: 0. 03%-3. 16%). Further analysis of approximately 10% of the patient sample revealed strong agreement (ICC = 0. 80-0. 85) in the reliability of MPD estimates for both mammographic views. Overall, these results demonstrate the feasibility of utilizing our approach for quantitative breast density segmentation, which may be useful for detecting small changes in MPD introduced through chemoprevention, diet, or other interventions.
|
[
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
] |
693742
|
Mechanism of Enzyme Rhodopsin Activation
|
Channelrhodopsin, which was discovered and described as a light-gated ion channel in my laboratory, has revolutionized the field of neuroscience over the past decade by enabling researchers to specifically activate selected neurons in a large ensemble of neuronal cells with short light flashes, a technology we now call ""Optogenetics."" However, though highly desirable, the inactivation of specific cells using moderate or low light intensities is not yet possible. The recently discovered rhodopsin-guanylyl-cyclase (RhGC) of the fungus Blastocladiella emersonii offers an elegant solution to this problem. Moreover, RhGC is a totally novel and uncharacterized sensory photoreceptor, and the first member of an enzyme rhodopsin family that urgently awaits in-depth characterization. Accordingly, the goal of the “mechanism of enzyme rhodopsin activation” (MERA) proposal is to obtain a comprehensive understanding of this novel photoreceptor, and to determine its functionality for broad application in optogenetics and other research fields. The MERA project is subdivided into four objectives. The first objective is the characterization and engineering of RhGC in cell lines and neurons as well as coexpression of RhGC with a cGMP-gated K+ channel to develop a ""Light-Hypopolarizer"" for cell inactivation. The second objective is to understand the dynamics of RhGC using a variety of biophysical technologies including time resolved UV-vis, FTIR, and Raman and EPR spectroscopy. A third objective is the generation of crystals for X-ray crystallography and the development of a three dimensional RhGC model. The fourth and final objective is the computer-aided conversion of RhGC into a rhodopsin-phosphodiesterase (RhPDE) for down-regulation of the second messenger cGMP and/or cAMP using light. The ultimate outcome will be a detailed understanding of a novel class of sensory photoreceptors with new perspectives for broad optogenetic applications.
|
[
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
] |
10.5506/APhysPolB.49.373
|
Microscopic cluster model for the description of (<sup>18</sup>O,<sup>16</sup>O) two-neutron transfer reactions
|
Excitation energy spectra and absolute cross-section angular distributions were measured for the 13C(18O,16O)15C two-neutron transfer reaction at 84 MeV incident energy. Exact finite-range coupled reaction channel calculations are used to analyse the data considering both the direct two-neutron transfer and the two-step sequential mechanism. For the direct calculations, two approaches are discussed: The extreme cluster and the newly introduced microscopic cluster. The latter makes use of spectroscopic amplitudes in the centre-of-mass reference frame, derived from shell-model calculations. The results describe well the experimental cross sections.
|
[
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
] |
10.21476/pp.2020.52277
|
Interruption—Intervention: On the interval between literature and music in Jean Luc Nancy's "Myth Interrupted"
|
This paper focuses on the role of mimesis and more specifically, the role of musical performance in creating communities by examining the oscillations between muthos and logos that inform contemporary thinking around community and institutions. The starting point is Jean-Luc Nancy’s (1991) intervention—or interruption— into the totalitarian or “immanentist” tendency of myth, a tendency that is especially at play in European modernity’s image of itself as a myth-less community as well as in contemporary or “(new) fascism” (Lawtoo 2019). For Nancy, the notion of myth must not be rejected but “interrupted,” so that “there is a voice of community articulated in the interruption, and even out of the interruption itself” (1991). What replaces myth in his account is “literature” a notion that arguably informs the contemporary movement of performance philosophy (Corby 2015). Why literature and not musical performance? In posing this question, this paper turns back to ancient Greek mousikē as a sonorous performance that interrupts the interruption, giving rise to the interval. Countering the myth of myth, I develop an account of mousikē that mobilizes rhythm, spacing, and iterability to suggest a notion of community that exchanges communion for performative communication, producing an intervened institution interrupted from within: an in— stitution.
|
[
"Texts and Concepts",
"The Study of the Human Past",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
] |
IB 2006050215 W
|
LANGUAGE INFORMATION SYSTEM
|
The invention discloses a language information system, which includes an original first text of an original first language in electronic format; a second text of a second language in electronic format; first linking means for providing linkages of words of the first text to equivalent words in the second text; second linking means for linking the contextual meaning in a lexicon to the word and/or combination of words in the original first language (or the translated languages); significant meaning indicators adapted to be marked in order to see how the meaning structure of a section of language develops; commenting means to drag and drop comments at any place; electronic storage means for storing at least the texts and the linkages; and a search facility for finding occurrences of a specific theme name or keyword name in relation to the texts. The texts are of a biblical and/or religious nature.
|
[
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Texts and Concepts"
] |
10.1039/c8dt05153d
|
Recent advances in single molecule magnetism of dysprosium-metallofullerenes
|
This article outlines the magnetic properties of single molecule magnets based on Dy-encapsulating endohedral metallofullerenes. The factors that govern these properties, such as the influence of different non-metal species in clusterfullerenes, the cage size, and cage isomerism are discussed, as well as the recent successful isolation of dimetallofullerenes with unprecedented magnetic properties. Finally, recent advances towards the organization of endohedral metallofullerenes in 1D, 2D, and 3D ordered structures with potential for devices are reviewed.
|
[
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
] |
W4281488550
|
Hacia un proyecto de paisaje desde el patrimonio territorial
|
A pesar del régimen de protección jurídica que adquiere el paisaje desde la entrada en vigor del Convenio Europeo del Paisaje y de la abundante producción científica y técnica derivada, creemos que aún hoy en día la controversia sobre su naturaleza compleja y las dificultades de integrar todas las dimensiones que lo definen disminuyen la efectividad de las acciones de protección, gestión u ordenación. En este escenario, presentamos el proyecto de paisaje desde el patrimonio territorial, un marco autónomo de referencia para orientar las estrategias de diseño que afectan al paisaje a la restauración de sus dinámicas de formación. Asumimos que esta restauración es necesaria para promover un desarrollo local autosostenible. La definición de este proyecto de paisaje se basa en la fundamentación y la metodología formuladas por la escuela territorialista florentina para el proyecto integrado de territorio, con las que entendemos que persigue el mismo fin. El objetivo de la investigación es establecer los términos metodológicos y el alcance geográfico que garantizan que toda estrategia en el marco del proyecto de paisaje se orienta a la restauración de las dinámicas de formación del paisaje. La definición surge de una síntesis de las conclusiones extraídas del análisis de la metodología analítica para la proyección identitaria del territorio y de un análisis del grado de correspondencia entre las estructuras de los planes paisajísticos de la Puglia y la Toscana y de esta metodología analítica.
|
[
"Earth System Science",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
] |
10.1039/c7cc07836f
|
Non-covalent graphene nanobuds from mono- and tripodal binding motifs
|
Graphene nanobuds were prepared via the non-covalent anchoring of C60-based molecules endowed with one or three pyrene units, respectively. TGA, FTIR, UV-Vis and TEM investigations confirmed the formation of nanohybrids. For the two molecular derivatives, striking differences were determined in their interaction with graphene or carbon surfaces by Raman, cyclic voltammetry and molecular mechanics calculations, revealing the important role of pyrene adsorption in modulating the electronic properties of the nanohybrids.
|
[
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
] |
10.1039/c2lc40739f
|
Gold on paper-paper platform for Au-nanoprobe TB detection
|
Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the most serious infectious diseases in the world and the rate of new cases continues to increase. The development of cheap and simple methodologies capable of identifying TB causing agents belonging to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex (MTBC), at point-of-need, in particular in resource-poor countries where the main TB epidemics are observed, is of paramount relevance for the timely and effective diagnosis and management of patients. TB molecular diagnostics, aimed at reducing the time of laboratory diagnostics from weeks to days, still require specialised technical personnel and labour intensive methods. Recent nanotechnology-based systems have been proposed to circumvent these limitations. Here, we report on a paper-based platform capable of integrating a previously developed Au-nanoprobe based MTBC detection assay - we call it "Gold on Paper". The Au-nanoprobe assay is processed and developed on a wax-printed microplate paper platform, allowing unequivocal identification of MTBC members and can be performed without specialised laboratory equipment. Upon integration of this Au-nanoprobe colorimetric assay onto the 384-microplate, differential colour scrutiny may be captured and analysed with a generic "smartphone" device. This strategy uses the mobile device to digitalise the intensity of the colour associated with each colorimetric assay, perform a Red Green Blue (RGB) analysis and transfer relevant information to an off-site lab, thus allowing for efficient diagnostics. Integration of the GPS location metadata of every test image may add a new dimension of information, allowing for real-time epidemiologic data on MTBC identification.
|
[
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy"
] |
10.1016/j.epsl.2013.01.010
|
The stable vanadium isotope composition of the mantle and mafic lavas
|
Vanadium exists in multiple valence states under terrestrial conditions (2+, 3+, 4+, 5+) and its isotopic composition in magmas potentially reflects the oxidation state of their mantle source. We present the first stable vanadium isotope measurements of 64 samples of well-characterized mantle-derived mafic and ultramafic rocks from diverse localities. The δ51V ranges from -0. 27‰ to -1. 29‰, reported relative to an Alfa Aesar (AA) vanadium solution standard defined as 0‰. This dataset is used to assess the effects of alteration, examine co-variation with other geochemical characteristics and define a value for the bulk silicate Earth (BSE). Variably serpentinised peridotites show no resolvable alteration-induced δ51V fractionation. Likewise, altered mafic oceanic crustal rocks have identical δ51V to fresh hand-picked MORB glass. Intense seafloor weathering can result in slightly (~0. 2-0. 3‰) heavier isotope compositions, possibly related to late-stage addition of vanadium. The robustness of δ51V to common alteration processes bodes well for its potential application to ancient mafic material. The average δ51V of mafic lavas, including MORB, Icelandic tholeiites and lavas from the Shatsky Rise large igneous province is -0. 88±0. 27‰ 2sd. Peridotites show a large range in primary δ51V (-0. 62‰ to -1. 17‰), which co-varies positively with vanadium concentrations and indices of fertility such as Al2O3. Although these data suggest preferential extraction of heavier isotopes during partial melting, the isotope composition of basalts (δ51V=-0. 88±0. 27‰ 2sd) and MORB glass in particular (δ51V=-0. 95±0. 13‰ 2sd) is lighter than fertile peridotites and thus difficult to reconcile with a melt extraction scenario. Determination of fractionation factors between melt and mineral phases such as pyroxenes and garnet are necessary to fully understand the correlation. We arrive at an estimate of δ51VBSE=-0. 7±0. 2‰ (2sd) for the bulk silicate Earth by averaging fertile, unmetasomatised peridotites. This provides a benchmark for both high and low temperature applications addressing planet formation, cosmochemical comparisons of the Earth and extraterrestrial material, and an inorganic baseline for future biogeochemical investigations. Whilst δ51V could relate to oxidation state and thus oxygen fugacity, further work is required to resolve the isotopic effects of oxidation state, partial melting, and mineral fractionation factors.
|
[
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Earth System Science"
] |
W4220813198
|
Rochas carbonatadas
|
Calcários e mármores são rochas carbonatadas amplamente utilizadas no património construído Português e que se caracterizam por possuírem composição química e mineralógica similares apesar de apresentarem texturas e propriedades diversas. O presente artigo aborda este recurso mineral do ponto de vista da sua utilização como material de construção em bens de elevado valor cultural e foca dois casos com relevância histórica no panorama nacional: o mármore de Trigaches que aflora perto de Beja, no Baixo-Alentejo e a Pedra de Ançã outrora explorada em Cantanhede, Coimbra.
|
[
"Earth System Science",
"Materials Engineering"
] |
835227
|
Brain metastases: Deciphering tumor-stroma interactions in three dimensions for the rational design of nanomedicines
|
Brain metastases represent a major therapeutic challenge. Despite significant breakthroughs in targeted therapies, survival rates of patients with brain metastases remain poor. Nowadays, discovery, development and evaluation of new therapies are performed on human cancer cells grown in 2D on rigid plastic plates followed by in vivo testing in immunodeficient mice. These experimental settings are lacking and constitute a fundamental hurdle for the translation of preclinical discoveries into clinical practice. We propose to establish 3D-printed models of brain metastases (Aim 1), which include brain extracellular matrix, stroma and serum containing immune cells flowing in functional tumor vessels. Our unique models better capture the clinical physio-mechanical tissue properties, signaling pathways, hemodynamics and drug responsiveness. Using our 3D-printed models, we aim to develop two new fronts for identifying novel clinically-relevant molecular drivers (Aim 2) followed by the development of precision nanomedicines (Aim 3). We will exploit our vast experience in anticancer nanomedicines to design three therapeutic approaches that target various cellular compartments involved in brain metastases: 1) Prevention of brain metastatic colonization using targeted nano-vaccines, which elicit antitumor immune response; 2) Intervention of tumor-brain stroma cells crosstalk when brain micrometastases establish; 3) Regression of macrometastatic disease by selectively targeting tumor cells. These approaches will materialize using our libraries of polymeric nanocarriers that selectively accumulate in tumors.
This project will result in a paradigm shift by generating new preclinical cancer models that will bridge the translational gap in cancer therapeutics. The insights and tumor-stroma-targeted nanomedicines developed here will pave the way for prediction of patient outcome, revolutionizing our perception of tumor modelling and consequently the way we prevent and treat cancer.
|
[
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Materials Engineering"
] |
787768
|
In search of uniqueness - harnessing anatomical hand variation
|
H-unique will be the first multimodal automated interrogation of visible hand anatomy, through analysis and interpretation of human variation. It will be an interdisciplinary project, supported by anatomists, anthropologists, geneticists, bioinformaticians, image analysts and computer scientists. We will investigate inherent and acquired variation in search of uniqueness, as the hand retains and displays a multiplicity of anatomical variants formed by different aetiologies (genetics, development, environment, accident etc).
Hard biometrics, such as fingerprints, are well understood and some soft biometrics are gaining traction within both biometric and forensic domains (e.g. superficial vein pattern, skin crease pattern, morphometry, scars, tattoos and pigmentation pattern). A combinatorial approach of soft and hard biometrics has not been previously attempted from images of the hand. We will pioneer the development of new methods that will release the full extent of variation locked within the visible anatomy of the human hand and reconstruct its discriminatory profile as a retro-engineered multimodal biometric. A significant step change is required in the science to both reliably and repeatably extract and compare anatomical information from large numbers of images especially when the hand is not in a standard position or when either the resolution or lighting in the image is not ideal.
Large datasets are vital for this work to be legally admissible. Through citizen engagement with science, this research will collect images from over 5,000 participants, creating an active, open source, ground-truth dataset. It will examine and address the effects of variable image conditions on data extraction and will design algorithms that permit auto-pattern searching across large numbers of stored images of variable quality. This will provide a major novel breakthrough in the study of anatomical variation, with wide-ranging, interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary impact.
|
[
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
] |
10.31234/osf.io/h5dxy
|
Beyond robotic speech: mutual benefits to cognitive psychology and artificial intelligence from the study of multimodal communication
|
Language has predominately been studied as a unimodal phenomenon - as speech or text without much consideration of its physical and social context – this is true both in cognitive psychology/psycholinguistics as well as in artificial intelligence. However, in everyday life, language is most often used in face-to-face communication and in addition to structured speech it comprises a dynamic system of multiplex components such as gestures, eye gaze, mouth movements and prosodic modulation. Recently, cognitive scientists have started to realise the potential importance of multimodality for the understanding of human communication and its neural underpinnings; while AI scientists have begun to address how to integrate multimodality in order to improve communication between human and artificial embodied agent. We review here the existing literature on multimodal language learning and processing in humans and the literature on perception of artificial agents, their comprehension and production of multimodal cues and we discuss their main limitations. We conclude by arguing that by joining forces AI scientists can improve the effectiveness of human-machine interaction and increase the human-likeness and acceptance of embodied agents in society. In turn, computational models that generate language in artificial embodied agents constitute a unique research tool to investigate the underlying mechanisms that govern language processing and learning in humans.
|
[
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
] |
10.1080/21663831.2016.1166403
|
The Importance Of Fracture Toughness In Ultrafine And Nanocrystalline Bulk Materials
|
ABSTRACTThe suitability of high-strength ultrafine and nanocrystalline materials processed by severe plastic deformation methods and aimed to be used for structural applications will strongly depend on their resistance against crack growth. In this contribution some general available findings on the damage tolerance of this material class will be summarized. Particularly, the occurrence of a pronounced fracture anisotropy will be in the center of discussion. In addition, the great potential of this generated anisotropy to obtain high-strength materials with exceptionally high fracture toughness in specific loading and crack growth directions will be enlightened. IMPACT STATEMENTSeverely plastically deformed materials are reviewed in light of their damage tolerance. The frequently observed toughness anisotropy allows unprecedented fracture toughness – strength combinations.
|
[
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
] |
10.1039/C7CP03219F
|
Impact Of Sequential Surface Modification Of Graphene Oxide On Ice Nucleation
|
Base-washed graphene-oxide which has been sequentially-modified by thiol–epoxy chemistry, results in materials with ice-nucleation activity. The role of hydro-philic/phobic grafts and polymers was evaluated with the most potent functioning at just 0. 25 wt%. These 2-D hybrid materials may find use in cryopreservation and fundamental studies on ice formation.
|
[
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Materials Engineering"
] |
10.1038/s41467-019-09328-1
|
Polarization-state-resolved high-harmonic spectroscopy of solids
|
Attosecond metrology sensitive to sub-optical-cycle electronic and structural dynamics is opening up new avenues for ultrafast spectroscopy of condensed matter. Using intense lightwaves to precisely control the fast carrier dynamics in crystals holds great promise for next-generation petahertz electronics and devices. The carrier dynamics can produce high-order harmonics of the driving field extending up into the extreme-ultraviolet region. Here, we introduce polarization-state-resolved high-harmonic spectroscopy of solids, which provides deeper insights into both electronic and structural sub-cycle dynamics. Performing high-harmonic generation measurements from silicon and quartz, we demonstrate that the polarization states of the harmonics are not only determined by crystal symmetries, but can be dynamically controlled, as a consequence of the intertwined interband and intraband electronic dynamics. We exploit this symmetry-dynamics duality to efficiently generate coherent circularly polarized harmonics from elliptically polarized pulses. Our experimental results are supported by ab-initio simulations, providing evidence for the microscopic origin of the phenomenon.
|
[
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
] |
10.1038/leu.2016.384
|
IKZF1 expression is a prognostic marker in newly diagnosed standard-risk multiple myeloma treated with lenalidomide and intensive chemotherapy: A study of the German Myeloma Study Group (DSMM)
|
Lenalidomide is an immunomodulatory compound with high clinical activity in multiple myeloma. Lenalidomide binding to the Cereblon (CRBN) E3 ubiquitin ligase results in targeted ubiquitination and degradation of the lymphoid transcription factors Ikaros (IKZF1) and Aiolos (IKZF3) leading to growth inhibition of multiple myeloma cells. Recently, Basigin (BSG) was identified as another protein regulated by CRBN that is involved in the activity of lenalidomide. Here, we analyzed the prognostic value of IKZF1, IKZF3, CRBN and BSG mRNA expression levels in pretreatment plasma cells from 60 patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma uniformly treated with lenalidomide in combination with intensive chemotherapy within a clinical trial. We found that IKZF1 mRNA expression levels are significantly associated with progression-free survival (PFS). Patients in the lowest quartile (Q1) of IKZF1 expression had a superior PFS compared with patients in the remaining quartiles (Q2-Q4; 3-year PFS of 86 vs 51%, P=0. 01). This translated into a significant better overall survival (100 vs 74%, P=0. 03). Subgroup analysis revealed a significant impact of IKZF1, IKZF3 and BSG expression levels on PFS in cytogenetically defined standard-risk but not high-risk patients. Our data suggest a prognostic role of IKZF1, IKZF3 and BSG expression levels in lenalidomide-treated multiple myeloma.
|
[
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
] |
Q4752783
|
MARINANOW_BANDO R&S
|
MARINANOW SERVICES 3.0. THE PROJECT AIMS TO BECOME A TRANSNATIONAL HUB IN THE NAUTICAL MARKET, AIMING TO INCREASE PROFITABILITY AND PROMOTE THE TERRITORY THROUGH THE MARINANOW.COM PLATFORM. THE RESULT OF GROWTH IN THE VOLUME OF BUSINESS WILL DERIVE FROM THE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE PROJECT TO TARGHETTISE CUSTOMERS, PROVIDE PORTS, CHARTER COMPANIES, SERVICE AGENCIES, AND HOTELS OF THE MEDITERRANEAN AREA WITH A COMPLETE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM. THIS SYSTEM WILL BE IMPLEMENTED AS A TECHNOLOGICAL PLATFORM THAT WILL ALLOW YOU TO DIGITISE DOCUMENT EXCHANGES NECESSARY FOR RECREATIONAL VESSELS FOR THE ENTRY AND EXIT PHASE, TO BOOK A BERTH AND TO BOOK AVAILABLE BOATS IN REAL TIME. THE PLATFORM WILL ALLOW YOU TO ENTER ALL THE SERVICES THAT REVOLVE AROUND THE SECTOR WHICH WILL BE EASILY INTERCEPTED AND BOOKABLE WITH A CLICK DIRECTLY FROM THE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
|
[
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
] |
682549
|
Mumps VIRus EXploitation of the human adhesion receptor GPR125
|
Mumps virus is a re-emerging pathogen that causes painful inflammatory symptoms, such as parotitis (salivary gland infection) and orchitis (testis infection). It is highly neurotropic with evidence of brain infection in half of cases and clinical evidence in up to 10%. It is a small RNA virus belonging to the family of paramyxoviridae that includes e.g. viruses for measles and pneumonia, all having a huge impact on global economics and human health. Current vaccine programs have not managed to eliminate mumps and infections occur also in vaccinated individuals.
Seven transmembrane (7TM) receptors are important drug targets. Large DNA viruses (herpes- and pox-) assign large parts of their genomes to exploit 7TM receptors. No such mechanism has however yet been described for small viruses.
Based on strong preliminary data, I will in this interdisciplinary project test the groundbreaking hypothesis that the adhesion 7TM receptor GPR125 is central for the organ damage caused by mumps virus via an interaction with the mumps virus-encoded short-hydrophobic (SH)-protein. I will do so by determining:
1 - The functional consequences of GPR125-SH-interaction at a single cell, organ and whole body level within the context of mumps virus infection
2 - The structural requirements for the GPR125-mumps virus interaction using NMR and resolution of crystal structure in preparation for future drug design
The project is high risk and high gain, yet the gain clearly exceeds the risk. On account of my past expertise in pharmacology and virology, and that of several expert collaborators, the project is indeed feasible. It has tremendous perspectives as SH-proteins are present also in other viruses. The SH-GPR125 complex might thus represent a general principle for organ damage and a mode of action more generally amenable to therapeutic interference. In fact, novel approaches, mechanism-based, might be seen as more appealing to those who fear current vaccination 'modes'.
|
[
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
] |
10.1016/bs.arnmr.2018.12.002
|
Ultrafast NMR diffusion and relaxation studies
|
Relaxation and diffusion NMR experiments, called also Laplace NMR experiments, provide detailed information about rotational and translational motion of molecules. Furthermore, they offer chemical resolution complementary to spectra. The resolution and information content of the experiments can be improved by a multidimensional approach. The approach enables one to determine the correlations between the relaxation and diffusion parameters and study chemical or physical exchange. However, the multidimensional approach is slow, as the experiment has to be repeated many times with incremented evolution time. In the ultrafast Laplace NMR method, the various evolution times are encoded into layers of the sample. This enables one to measure multidimensional data in a single scan, reducing the experiment time by one to three orders of magnitude. In addition, the single-scan approach facilitates significantly the use of modern hyperpolarization methods to increase the sensitivity of the experiment by several orders of magnitude. This review describes the principles of ultrafast Laplace NMR and highlights its applications in various disciplines, including those using low-field, mobile, single-sided NMR instruments.
|
[
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
] |
W2357735658
|
Chemical Potential and Equilibrium Concentration of Solute Under the Influence of an Applied Microwave Field
|
The negative gradient of chemical potential in solution is the driving force of solute diffusion,so the chemical potential of solute due to the effect of microwaves is an important physical quantity for studying on mass transfer enhancement with microwave field.Based on the thermodynamic theory and the principle of electromagnetic wave propagation in medium,an expression about the chemical potential of solute in directed radiation of microwave field,with the dependence on the incidence depth of microwaves and the physical parameters of molecules was derived.And then used the changing rule of chemical potential under the influence of an applied microwave field,the relationship between the equilibrium concentration of solute and the incidence depth of microwaves is obtained.The conclusion in this paper could enrich the mass transfer enhancement theory under the influence of an applied microwave field,and it could also provide a theoretical guide to the industrialization of microwave-assisted extraction of effective compounds from Chinese herbs.
|
[
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
] |
832346
|
Film Studios: Infrastructure, Culture, Innovation in Britain, France, Germany and Italy, 1930-60.
|
This project investigates film studios across four major European production sites: Britain, France, Germany and Italy, 1930-60. During these years studios were transformed as they responded to challenges including wartime disruptions, post-war fragmentation, movement of labour and the introduction of new technologies. While these countries have attracted their own historical literatures, this project proposes for the first time their comparative analysis from the perspective of film studio tectonics, cultures and practices. The project is underpinned by the idea of tectonics as a metaphorical way into understanding the studios’ multiple, stratified, shifting experiences as architectural spaces, diverse working environments and locations for innovation. The study of film studios has been dominated by the centralized Hollywood ‘system’, and local studio histories are typified by discrete, linear and undertheorized approaches. This project proposes a more dynamic materialist methodology, linking empirical data with comparative, transnational developments which occurred during a major period of change within the four key production sites. Using historical research and a range of spatial analysis, 3D and VR tools, the project will explore studio spaces as diverse creative and economic infrastructures which both extended and challenged the range of contemporaneous models. The team will investigate how artistic practices responded to transnational flows in film studio expertise while constituting formative, materially-based ‘spaces of the imagination’. Research will be structured around four major interrelated themes: 1) Architecture and Infrastructure; 2) Creativity, Practices and Innovation; 3) Politics and Economics; 4) Professional and Labour relations. The project will create new understandings of how the collaborative and material environments of studio spaces and technologies shaped film production and cultures.
|
[
"Studies of Cultures and Arts",
"The Study of the Human Past",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
] |
10.1021/acsami.7b17224
|
Atomic-Scale Insights into the Oxidation of Aluminum
|
The surface oxidation of aluminum is still poorly understood despite its vital role as an insulator in electronics, in aluminum-air batteries, and in protecting the metal against corrosion. Here we use atomic resolution imaging in an environmental transmission electron microscope (TEM) to investigate the mechanism of aluminum oxide formation. Harnessing electron beam sputtering we prepare a pristine, oxide-free metal surface in the TEM. This allows us to study, as a function of crystallographic orientation and oxygen gas pressure, the full oxide growth regime from the first oxide nucleation to a complete saturated, few-nanometers-thick surface film.
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[
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
] |
Q4111110
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BIOCLEARPACK
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DESARROLLO DE ENVASES MULTICAPA PARA EL SECTOR DE LOS TEJIDOS: PAPEL — PELÍCULA BIODEGRADABLE TRANSSPARENT.ACRONIMO: — BIOCLEARPACK
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[
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
] |
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