id
stringlengths 6
42
| title
stringlengths 3
499
| abstract
stringlengths 0
6.24k
| label
listlengths 0
6
|
|---|---|---|---|
10.1016/j.coi.2009.12.007
|
Functional specialization of antigen presenting cells in the gastrointestinal tract
|
Recent advances have highlighted that antigen presentation in the gastrointestinal tract is carried out by different specialized immune and non-immune cells. This is required in order to achieve tolerance towards self and non-self harmless antigens and immunity towards pathogenic microorganisms. In this review we will discuss the role of different players in these responses, including dendritic cells, macrophages, B cells and basophils as professional antigen presenting cells (APCs), and stromal cells and epithelial cells as non-professional APCs. The interaction between these cell types is required for the dynamic regulation of the immune response.
|
[
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy"
] |
W2000001678
|
3M™ Petrifilm™ Environmental Listeria Plate
|
Abstract A validation study of the 3M™ Petrifilm™ Environmental Listeria (EL) Plate (3M Food Safety, St. Paul, MN) was conducted at Q Laboratories, Inc., Cincinnati, OH. The method was compared to the Health Canada MFHPB-30 reference method for the analysis of stainless steel environmental surfaces. Twenty replicates of the environmental surface were analyzed at a low and a high inoculum level. The low-level sampling area was inoculated with 0.2–2 CFU/5 cm2, and the high-level sampling area was inoculated with 2–5 CFU/5 cm2. Five control replicates were also analyzed at 0 CFU/5 cm2. There was no significant difference in the number of positives detected by the 3M Petrifilm EL Plate method and the Health Canada MFHPB-30 reference method for the environmental surface analyzed in this study.
|
[
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
] |
W140109599
|
An Avatar-Based Weather Forecast Sign Language System for the Hearing-Impaired
|
In this paper, we describe a text-to-animation framework for TV weather forecast sign language presentation. To this end, we analyzed the last three years’ weather forecast scripts to obtain the frequency of each word and determine the order of motion capture. About 500 sign language words were chosen and motion-captured for the weather forecast purpose, in addition to the existing 2,700 motions prebuilt for daily life. Words that are absent in the sign language dictionary are replaced with synonyms registered in KorLex, the Korean Wordnet, to improve the translation performance. The weather forecast with sign language is serviced via the Internet in an on-demand manner and can be viewed by PC or mobile devices.
|
[
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
] |
10.1103/PhysRevE.88.022313
|
Overlap fluctuations in glass-forming liquids
|
We analyze numerically thermal fluctuations of the static overlap between equilibrium configurations in a glass-forming liquid approaching the glass transition. We find that the emergence of slow dynamics near the onset temperature correlates with the development of non-Gaussian probability distributions of overlap fluctuations, measured using both annealed and quenched definitions. Below a critical temperature, a thermodynamic field conjugate to the overlap induces a first-order phase transition, whose existence we numerically demonstrate in the annealed case. These results establish that the approach to the glass transition is accompanied by profound changes in the nature of thermodynamic fluctuations, deconstructing the view that glassy dynamics occurs with little structural evolution.
|
[
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
] |
10.1371/journal.pbio.1001328
|
Mechanisms and evolutionary patterns of mammalian and avian dosage compensation
|
As a result of sex chromosome differentiation from ancestral autosomes, male mammalian cells only contain one X chromosome. It has long been hypothesized that X-linked gene expression levels have become doubled in males to restore the original transcriptional output, and that the resulting X overexpression in females then drove the evolution of X inactivation (XCI). However, this model has never been directly tested and patterns and mechanisms of dosage compensation across different mammals and birds generally remain little understood. Here we trace the evolution of dosage compensation using extensive transcriptome data from males and females representing all major mammalian lineages and birds. Our analyses suggest that the X has become globally upregulated in marsupials, whereas we do not detect a global upregulation of this chromosome in placental mammals. However, we find that a subset of autosomal genes interacting with X-linked genes have become downregulated in placentals upon the emergence of sex chromosomes. Thus, different driving forces may underlie the evolution of XCI and the highly efficient equilibration of X expression levels between the sexes observed for both of these lineages. In the egg-laying monotremes and birds, which have partially homologous sex chromosome systems, partial upregulation of the X (Z in birds) evolved but is largely restricted to the heterogametic sex, which provides an explanation for the partially sex-biased X (Z) expression and lack of global inactivation mechanisms in these lineages. Our findings suggest that dosage reductions imposed by sex chromosome differentiation events in amniotes were resolved in strikingly different ways.
|
[
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
] |
W1974868184
|
Food Price Volatility: Causes & Challenges
|
After independence of INDIA, PAKISTAN & BANGLADESH, minimum wage in 1947, was at par and corresponding exchange rate was also at par with that of US Dollar. Countries, simultaneously, created with all kinds of similarities, after 65 years, exhibit large variations in monetary considerations and exchange rate in India at Rs.62.40/US$, in Bangladesh exchange rate at BDT 78/US$ and in Pakistan exchange rate at Rs.108/US$. Neighbours use trade policy and raise minimum wage to insulate their domestic food price. Natural conclusion is that rise in ratio of minimum wage drags exchange rate with respect to that of trading partners. This behaviour raises volatility of food price across neighbours. Because insulation policy exports volatility elsewhere. Comparison between peer States becomes easier and may not require any empirical test proof for natural conclusions. This paper emphasises synchronising, across neighbours & globally, up-rating minimum wage to contain food price volatility.
|
[
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems"
] |
Q4580499
|
Desenvolvimento da forma farmacêutica final de fibrinolítico para aplicação em pneumologia e cirurgia torácica e seu potencial uso no tratamento de fibrose pulmonar e empiemas multiloculares
|
O objetivo do projeto é desenvolver um medicamento de fibrinolíticos altamente eficazes para aplicação em medicina pulmonar e cirurgia torácica. Continua a faltar no mercado um tratamento local eficaz para os processos pulmonares fibrotizantes, cujo aumento também se espera no contexto da pandemia de COVID-19 e para a inflamação purulenta crónica na cavidade torácica. Para o tratamento de empiemas multiloculares, será desenvolvido um medicamento para aplicação torácica e será proposta uma forma de inalação para processos pulmonares fibrotizantes.
|
[
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
] |
10.1098/rsif.2014.0186
|
Comparative finite-element analysis: a single computational modelling method can estimate the mechanical properties of porcine and human vertebrae
|
Significant advances in the functional analysis of musculoskeletal systems require the development of modelling techniques with improved focus, accuracy and validity. This need is particularly visible in the fields, such as palaeontology, where unobservable parameters may lie at the heart of the most interesting research questions, and where models and simulations may provide some of the most innovative solutions. Here, we report on the development of a computational modelling method to generate estimates of the mechanical properties of vertebral bone across two living species, using elderly human and juvenile porcine specimens as cases with very different levels of bone volume fraction and mineralization. This study is presented in two parts; part I presents the computational model development and validation, and part II the virtual loading regime and results. This work paves the way for the future estimation of mechanical properties in fossil mammalian bone.
|
[
"Materials Engineering",
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
] |
W4280582875
|
Appréhender les vulnérabilités en santé au Brésil : Usages pluriels de la photographie
|
Il s’agit de rendre visibles les usages multiples possibles de la photographie dans les recherches portant sur la santé et les vulnérabilités, en s’appuyant sur trois travaux menés au Brésil. Dans le premier, la photographie est une source documentaire pour révéler des significations attribuées à la folie ou à la normalité dans le contexte de la clinique psychiatrique à différentes époques, et pour rendre compte d’expériences locales créatives plus récentes, dans le cadre de la Réforme psychiatrique brésilienne. Puis, à partir d’un récit d’images de chorégraphies de corps-qui-travaillent-dans-la-marée, la photographie permet aux lecteurs d’élargir leur compréhension du travail quotidien de cueilleuses de crustacés insulaires. Enfin, nous partageons l’expérience d’une recherche-action qui a mis en place des ateliers d’autoportrait de jeunes noirs d’un quartier populaire de Salvador, pour promouvoir des pratiques corporelles et sexuelles saines et l’empowerment ethnico-racial et de genre. Portant un regard sensible sur des groupes touchés par l’invisibilité sociale, la vulnérabilité ou un certain degré de stigmatisation, ces travaux révèlent des inégalités sociales et politiques, historiquement construites. Des expériences mises en écho qui renforcent les dimensions heuristiques et sensibles de la photographie, dont la place dans la recherche contribue à préserver les capacités d’imaginer et de créer, si nécessaires pour aller au-delà du mimétisme méthodologique qui s’est emparé de la production de la connaissance.
|
[
"Studies of Cultures and Arts",
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
] |
10.1088/1612-2011/10/1/015101
|
Cw Pumped Short Pulsed 1 12 Μm Raman Laser Using Carbon Nanotubes
|
We demonstrate passive mode-locking of a Raman fiber laser at 1. 12 μm, using a nanotube-based saturable absorber. A regular train of pulses, with a duration of 236 ps at the fundamental repetition frequency of the cavity, are generated by the all-normal dispersion oscillator. Importantly, this simple system is pumped with a continuous wave Yb fiber laser, removing the need for complex synchronous pumping schemes, where pulse-shaping depends on the action of the saturable absorber and a balance of dissipative processes. These results illustrate the flexibility of combining Raman amplification with a nanotube-based absorber for wavelength versatile pulsed sources.
|
[
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
] |
10.1016/j.quaint.2017.01.014
|
Subsistence mosaics, forager-farmer interactions, and the transition to food production in eastern Africa
|
The spread of agriculture across sub-Saharan Africa has long been attributed to the large-scale migration of Bantu-speaking groups out of their west Central African homeland from about 4000 years ago. These groups are seen as having expanded rapidly across the sub-continent, carrying an ‘Iron Age’ package of farming, metal-working, and pottery, and largely replacing pre-existing hunter-gatherers along the way. While elements of the ‘traditional’ Bantu model have been deconstructed in recent years, one of the main constraints on developing a more nuanced understanding of the local processes involved in the spread of farming has been the lack of detailed archaeobotanical and zooarchaeological sequences, particularly from key regions such as eastern Africa. Situated at a crossroads between continental Africa and the Indian Ocean, eastern Africa was not only a major corridor on one of the proposed Bantu routes to southern Africa, but also the recipient of several migrations of pastoral groups from the north. In addition, eastern Africa saw the introduction of a range of domesticates from India, Southeast Asia, and other areas of the Indian Ocean sphere through long-distance maritime connections. The possibility that some Asian crops, such as the vegecultural ‘tropical trio’ (banana, taro, and yam), arrived before the Bantu expansion has in particular raised many questions about the role of eastern Africa's non-agricultural communities in the adoption and subsequent diffusion of crops across the continent. Drawing on new botanical and faunal evidence from recent excavations at a range of hunter-gatherer and early farming sites on eastern Africa's coast and offshore islands, and with comparison to inland sites, this paper will examine the timing and tempo of the agricultural transition, the nature of forager-farmer-pastoralist interactions, and the varying roles that elements of the ‘Bantu package’ pastoralism, and non-African domesticates played in local economies. This paper highlights the complex pathways and transitions that unfolded, as well as how eastern Africa links into a broader global picture of heterogeneous, dynamic, and extended transformations from forager to farmer that challenge our fundamental understanding of pre-modern Holocene societies.
|
[
"The Study of the Human Past",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
] |
10.1007/s10963-015-9090-8
|
The Aegean in the Early 7th Millennium BC: Maritime Networks and Colonization
|
The process of Near Eastern neolithization and its westward expansion from the core zone in the Levant and upper Mesopotamia has been broadly discussed in recent decades, and many models have been developed to describe the spread of early farming in terms of its timing, structure, geography and sociocultural impact. Until now, based on recent intensive investigations in northwestern and western Anatolia, the discussion has mainly centred on the importance of Anatolian inland routes for the westward spread of neolithization. This contribution focuses on the potential impact of east Mediterranean and Aegean maritime networks on the spread of the Neolithic lifestyle to the western edge of the Anatolian subcontinent in the earliest phases of sedentism. Employing the longue durée model and the concept of ‘social memory’, we will discuss the arrival of new groups via established maritime routes. The existence of maritime networks prior to the spread of farming is already indicated by the high mobility of Epipalaeolithic/Mesolithic groups exploring the Aegean and east Mediterranean seas, and reaching, for example, the Cyclades and Cyprus. Successful navigation by these early mobile groups across the open sea is attested by the distribution of Melian obsidian. The potential existence of an additional Pre-Pottery Neolithic (PPN) obsidian network that operated between Cappadocia/Cilicia and Cyprus further hints at the importance of maritime coastal trade. Since both the coastal and the high seas networks were apparently already well established in this early period, we may further assume appropriate knowledge of geographic routes, navigational technology and other aspects of successful seafaring. This Mesolithic/PPN maritime know-how package appears to have been used by later groups, in the early 7th millennium calBC, exploring the centre of the Anatolian Aegean coast, and in time establishing some of the first permanent settlements in that region. In the present paper, we link this background of newcomers to the western edge of Anatolia with new excavation results from Çukuriçi Höyük, which we have analysed in terms of subsistence strategies, materiality, technology and symbolism. Additionally, further detailed studies of nutrition and obsidian procurement shed light on the distinct maritime affinity of the early settlers in our case study, something that, in our view, can hardly be attributed to inland farming societies. We propose a maritime colonization in the 7th millennium via routes from the eastern Mediterranean to the eastern Aegean, based on previously developed sea networks. The pronounced maritime affinity of these farming and herding societies allows us to identify traces of earlier PPN concepts still embedded in the social-cultural memories of the newcomers and incorporated in a new local and regional Neolithic identity.
|
[
"The Study of the Human Past",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
] |
10.5194/acp-15-273-2015
|
Global investigation of the Mg atom and ion layers using SCIAMACHY/Envisat observations between 70 and 150 km altitude and WACCM-Mg model results
|
Mg and Mg+ concentration fields in the upper mesosphere/lower thermosphere (UMLT) region are retrieved from SCIAMACHY/Envisat limb measurements of Mg and Mg+ dayglow emissions using a 2-D tomographic retrieval approach. The time series of monthly mean Mg and Mg+ number density and vertical column density in different latitudinal regions are presented. Data from the limb mesosphere-thermosphere mode of SCIAMACHY/Envisat are used, which cover the 50 to 150 km altitude region with a vertical sampling of g‰3. 3 km and latitudes up to 82°. The high latitudes are not observed in the winter months, because there is no dayglow emission during polar night. The measurements were performed every 14 days from mid-2008 until April 2012. Mg profiles show a peak at around 90 km altitude with a density between 750 cm−3 and 1500 cm−3. Mg does not show strong seasonal variation at latitudes below 40°. For higher latitudes the density is lower and only in the Northern Hemisphere a seasonal cycle with a summer minimum is observed. The Mg+ peak occurs 5-15 km above the neutral Mg peak altitude. These ions have a significant seasonal cycle with a summer maximum in both hemispheres at mid and high latitudes. The strongest seasonal variations of Mg+ are observed at latitudes between 20 and 40° and the density at the peak altitude ranges from 500 cm−3 to 4000 cm−3. The peak altitude of the ions shows a latitudinal dependence with a maximum at mid latitudes that is up to 10 km higher than the peak altitude at the equator. <br><br> The SCIAMACHY measurements are compared to other measurements and WACCM model results. The WACCM results show a significant seasonal variability for Mg with a summer minimum, which is more clearly pronounced than for SCIAMACHY, and globally a higher peak density than the SCIAMACHY results. Although the peak density of both is not in agreement, the vertical column density agrees well, because SCIAMACHY and WACCM profiles have different widths. The agreement between SCIAMACHY and WACCM results is much better for Mg+ with both showing the same seasonality and similar peak density. However, there are also minor differences, e. g. WACCM showing a nearly constant altitude of the Mg+ layer's peak density for all latitudes and seasons.
|
[
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Earth System Science"
] |
W2050253888
|
Low Molecular Weight Poly(Lactide-&lt;i&gt;co&lt;/i&gt;-Caprolactone) for Tissue Adhesion and Tetracycline Hydrochloride Controlled Release in Wound Management
|
The use of biopolymers as bioadhesives for human tissue is becoming a preferred alternative to suturing due to their superior adhesive, biocompatible, and biodegradable properties. In this work, low molecular weight poly(L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) (P(LA-co-CL) was synthesized to achieve the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the copolymer at ambient temperature so that during application on the skin, the copolymer when combined with chitosan (CHI) into the CHI/P(LA-co-CL) film could provide the strong support at the injury site. Using alcohols with different numbers of hydroxyl groups as the co-initiator in polymerization provided the distinctive characteristics of copolymers. Among all copolymers synthesized, P(LA-co-CL) copolymer using pentaerythritol as the co-initiator when combined with CHI at the ratio of copolymer/CHI at 70/30 yielded the good film properties in tissue adhesion and tetracycline hydrochloride release.
|
[
"Materials Engineering",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
] |
Q4589901
|
SOLARCO Machinery Research and Development Center
|
The VIK, its own R & D infrastructure and innovative activities will be expanded. As an extension, a complete new workplace will be built in which all existing SOLARCO R & D will be concentrated. For R & D will be taken: Workstations incl. (Eight) 3D CAD license (4 licenses — 2CL and 2 Premium); PLM; CNC turning and milling centre; CNC milling centre with tilting 5.axis; CNC mechanotronic lathe; CNC gantry machining center; CNC round grinder.
|
[
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
] |
10.1038/ncb2695
|
Ubiquitylation-dependent localization of PLK1 in mitosis
|
Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) critically regulates mitosis through its dynamic localization to kinetochores, centrosomes and the midzone. The polo-box domain (PBD) and activity of PLK1 mediate its recruitment to mitotic structures, but the mechanisms regulating PLK1 dynamics remain poorly understood. Here, we identify PLK1 as a target of the cullin 3 (CUL3)-based E3 ubiquitin ligase, containing the BTB adaptor KLHL22, which regulates chromosome alignment and PLK1 kinetochore localization but not PLK1 stability. In the absence of KLHL22, PLK1 accumulates on kinetochores, resulting in activation of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC). CUL3-KLHL22 ubiquitylates Lys 492, located within the PBD, leading to PLK1 dissociation from kinetochore phosphoreceptors. Expression of a non-ubiquitylatable PLK1-K492R mutant phenocopies inactivation of CUL3-KLHL22. KLHL22 associates with the mitotic spindle and its interaction with PLK1 increases on chromosome bi-orientation. Our data suggest that CUL3-KLHL22-mediated ubiquitylation signals degradation-independent removal of PLK1 from kinetochores and SAC satisfaction, which are required for faithful mitosis.
|
[
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
] |
10.1111/j.1467-9477.2012.00299.x
|
Mass Media and Party Divergence in Multiparty Systems
|
Does the mass media affect the dispersion of the policy positions of political parties? In this article it is argued that the mass media polarize parties' policy positions because vote-seeking strategies are more viable if party policy positions are clearly communicated to the electorate and because a vote-seeking strategy corresponds with parties taking a distinct policy position away from the median. Hence, the main hypothesis is that party policy position dispersion is larger with more mass media penetration. In order to test this argument, a novel dataset on party positions and mass media penetration in 267 Danish municipalities in 2004 is utilized and a new measure of the dispersion of policy positions in multiparty systems is constructed. The analysis corroborates the article's main hypothesis.
|
[
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
] |
W1987903553
|
Energy Harvesting Applications in Transportation Infrastructure Networks
|
In the upward trend of renewable energy growth, several proposals have been made concerning energy harvesting devices in transportation infrastructure networks. The objective, concerning higher power extraction, is to supply power to auxiliary systems (e.g. road lights or information panels), thus, satisfying the requirement for sustainable transportation infrastructures. The purpose of this paper is to define a broader framework of energy extraction for transportation infrastructure networks. Within this framework, a novel device for the vibration energy harvesting, based on piezoelectric material, is modeled in a commercial FEM (Finite Element Method) code, in order to optimally extract energy from wind-induced vibrations.
|
[
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
] |
10.1038/s41598-019-47346-7
|
Methane formation in tropical reservoirs predicted from sediment age and nitrogen
|
Freshwater reservoirs, in particular tropical ones, are an important source of methane (CH4) to the atmosphere, but current estimates are uncertain. The CH4 emitted from reservoirs is microbially produced in their sediments, but at present, the rate of CH4 formation in reservoir sediments cannot be predicted from sediment characteristics, limiting our understanding of reservoir CH4 emission. Here we show through a long-term incubation experiment that the CH4 formation rate in sediments of widely different tropical reservoirs can be predicted from sediment age and total nitrogen concentration. CH4 formation occurs predominantly in sediment layers younger than 6–12 years and beyond these layers sediment organic carbon may be considered effectively buried. Hence mitigating reservoir CH4 emission via improving nutrient management and thus reducing organic matter supply to sediments is within reach. Our model of sediment CH4 formation represents a first step towards constraining reservoir CH4 emission from sediment characteristics.
|
[
"Earth System Science",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
] |
10.4049/jimmunol.1602121
|
RIG-I-like receptor triggering by dengue virus drives dendritic cell immune activation and T<inf>H</inf>1 differentiation
|
Dengue virus (DENV) causes 400 million infections annually and is one of several viruses that can cause viral hemorrhagic fever, which is characterized by uncontrolled immune activation resulting in high fever and internal bleeding. Although the underlying mechanisms are unknown, massive cytokine secretion is thought to be involved. Dendritic cells (DCs) are the main target cells of DENV, and we investigated their role in DENV-induced cytokine production and adaptive immune responses. DENV infection induced DC maturation and secretion of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF. Inhibition of DENV RNA replication abrogated these responses. Notably, silencing of RNA sensors RIG-I or MDA5 abrogated DC maturation, as well as cytokine responses by DENV-infected DCs. DC maturation was induced by type I IFN responses because inhibition of IFN-α/β receptor signaling abrogated DENV-induced DC maturation. Moreover, DENV infection of DCs resulted in CCL2, CCL3, and CCL4 expression, which was abrogated after RIG-I and MDA5 silencing. DCs play an essential role in TH cell differentiation, and we show that RIG-I and MDA5 triggering by DENV leads to TH1 polarization, which is characterized by high levels of IFN-γ. Notably, cytokines IL-6, TNF, and IFN-γ and chemokines CCL2, CCL3, and CCL4 have been associated with disease severity, endothelial dysfunction, and vasodilation. Therefore, we identified RIG-I and MDA5 as critical players in innate and adaptive immune responses against DENV, and targeting these receptors has the potential to decrease hemorrhagic fever in patients.
|
[
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
] |
10.1016/j.forpol.2012.09.011
|
Livelihood strategies and forest dependence: New insights from Bolivian forest communities
|
Total income and income from forest resources among rural dwellers in tropical forest regions are influenced not only by market access, prices, but also organizational, institutional, and social factors. These factors influence the diversity of resources to which the poor have access and result in specializations in livelihood strategies. We analyzed the relation between forest dependence and livelihood strategies in the Bolivian Amazon, applying the SLF. We tested for the differences across strategies with respect to financial, human, physical, social, and natural livelihood assets. Results show that forest income is highly related to cash income from Brazil nut, while income from agriculture and timber exploitation is associated with higher levels of education. Brazil nuts serve as a safety net and start-up capital for certain livelihood strategies in our study region. Livelihood strategies that are based on the commercialization of multiple products from forests and agriculture and services inside and outside communities depend less on forests. Livelihoods can be supported by investing in sustainable livelihood asset endowments. Our results demonstrate that activities that aim to support community forest management and to enhance household income should explicitly consider a differentiated support for different strategies. This will result in a more effective outcome of development efforts from which the poorest people would benefit most.
|
[
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
] |
10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/77
|
Nustar Observations Of The State Transition Of Millisecond Pulsar Binary Psr J1023 0038
|
We report NuSTAR observations of the millisecond pulsar - low mass X-ray binary (LMXB) transition system PSR J1023+0038 from June and October 2013, before and after the formation of an accretion disk around the neutron star. Between June 10-12, a few days to two weeks before the radio disappearance of the pulsar, the 3-79 keV X-ray spectrum was well fit by a simple power law with a photon index of Gamma=1. 17 +/-0. 08 (at 90% confidence) with a 3-79 keV luminosity of 7. 4+/-0. 4 x 10^32 erg/s. Significant orbital modulation was observed with a modulation fraction of 36+/-10%. During the October 19-21 observation, the spectrum is described by a softer power law (Gamma=1. 66+/-0. 06) with an average luminosity of 5. 8+/-0. 2 x 10^33 erg/s and a peak luminosity of ~1. 2 x 10^34 erg/s observed during a flare. No significant orbital modulation was detected. The spectral observations are consistent with previous and current multi-wavelength observations and show the hard X-ray power law extending to 79 keV without a spectral break. Sharp edged, flat bottomed `dips' are observed with widths between 30-1000 s and ingress and egress time-scales of 30-60 s. No change in hardness ratio was observed during the dips. Consecutive dip separations are log-normal in distribution with a typical separation of approximately 400 s. These dips are distinct from dipping activity observed in LMXBs. We compare and contrast these dips to observations of dips and state changes in the similar transition systems PSR J1824-2452I and XSS J1227. 0-4859 and discuss possible interpretations based on the transitions in the inner disk.
|
[
"Universe Sciences",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
] |
10.1063/1.5023304
|
Deviation From Equilibrium Conditions In Molecular Dynamic Simulations Of Homogeneous Nucleation
|
We present a comparison between Monte Carlo (MC) results for homogeneous vapour-liquid nucleation of Lennard-Jones clusters and previously published values from molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Both the MC and MD methods sample real cluster configuration distributions. In the MD simulations, the extent of the temperature fluctuation is usually controlled with an artificial thermostat rather than with more realistic carrier gas. In this study, not only a primarily velocity scaling thermostat is considered, but also Nose-Hoover, Berendsen, and stochastic Langevin thermostat methods are covered. The nucleation rates based on a kinetic scheme and the canonical MC calculation serve as a point of reference since they by definition describe an equilibrated system. The studied temperature range is from T = 0. 3 to 0. 65 ϵ/k. The kinetic scheme reproduces well the isothermal nucleation rates obtained by Wedekind et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 127, 064501 (2007)] using MD simulations with carrier gas. The nucleation rates obtained by artificially thermostatted MD simulations are consistently lower than the reference nucleation rates based on MC calculations. The discrepancy increases up to several orders of magnitude when the density of the nucleating vapour decreases. At low temperatures, the difference to the MC-based reference nucleation rates in some cases exceeds the maximal nonisothermal effect predicted by classical theory of Feder et al. [Adv. Phys. 15, 111 (1966)].
|
[
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
] |
2724987
|
Automated cellular robot-assisted technologies for translation of discovery-led research in osteoarthritis
|
AutoCRAT will develop novel sustainable cell and cell-derived therapies for osteoarthritis (OA). Osteoarthritis, a major disease, results in degradation of cartilage. It is the most common chronic joint condition, currently affecting >40 million Europeans. As no effective treatments for OA are available, it imposes a huge burden on the individual patient and European health care systems. Adult mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) show early, promising clinical treatment efficacy in OA. However, costs of MSC production prevents widespread use for patients. Using human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC), AutoCRAT will generate articular chondrocytes (hiCHOs) for cartilage repair to prevent development of OA and hiMSCs to treat established disease as sustainable therapeutic cell sources for therapies. Discovery of the osteoarthritis-specific hiMSC secretome will enable further refinement of these next-generation therapies; this will be achieved by molecular analysis of:
1) hiMSCs treated with synovial fluid from OA patients
2) EVs derived from these therapeutically-activated cells to develop the therapeutic osteoarthritis secretome.
To ensure sustainable supply of high quality, affordable products, AutoCRAT will also develop a manufacturing pipeline composed of automated, regulatory-compliant robotic systems for production of the developed hiCHOs and hiMSCs and cell-secreted extracellular vesicle (EVs). The manufacturing pipeline can be extended to many other major diseases. The AutoCRAT consortium is composed of leading European scientific teams in stem cell biology, OA, preclinical efficacy and safety demonstration, GMP- and GAMP-compliant manufacturing of MSCs, regulatory affairs and health economics analysis. All aspects of AutoCRAT discovery and translation innovations will be guided by the imperative to deliver economically viable and regulatory-compliant therapies to OA-patients, the European health care system at large, and benefits to the European economy.
|
[
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
] |
W2074339258
|
A Profile-Based Identification of Standby and Useless Electricity Consumption in Buildings
|
Useless electricity consumption is the electricity consumption of an electric appliance or system that is not performing its primary function or that is performing its primary function without being useful. So, useless electricity consumption does not only consist of standby losses. To identify the useless electricity consumption in a building, a profile-based approach is developed. This approach is used to investigate the useless electricity consumption in five buildings of the University of Leuven. The result of this study is that in these buildings the useless electricity consumption accounts for 4 to 13% of the total electricity consumption. This paper will give a detailed discussion of a case study in a library of the university.
|
[
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
] |
10.1364/OE.25.019195
|
Acceleration Of Sub Relativistic Electrons With An Evanescent Optical Wave At A Planar Interface
|
We report on a theoretical and experimental study of the energy transfer between an optical evanescent wave, propagating in vacuum along the planar boundary of a dielectric material, and a beam of sub-relativistic electrons. The evanescent wave is excited via total internal reflection in the dielectric by an infrared (λ = 2 μm) femtosecond laser pulse. By matching the electron propagation velocity to the phase velocity of the evanescent wave, energy modulation of the electron beam is achieved. A maximum energy gain of 800 eV is observed, corresponding to the absorption of more than 1000 photons by one electron. The maximum observed acceleration gradient is 19 ± 2 MeV/m. The striking advantage of this scheme is that a structuring of the acceleration element’s surface is not required, enabling the use of materials with high laser damage thresholds that are difficult to nano-structure, such as SiC, Al2O3 or CaF2.
|
[
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
] |
246637
|
Opto-Electronic Organic Materials by New Acetylene Chemistry
|
Atom-economic, atom-economic (""click""-type)transformations of donor (N,N-dialkylaniline, TTF, ferrocene)-activated acetylenes with strong electron-accepting olefins (TCNE, TCNQ, tricyanovinyl derivatives) are applied to the construction of stable molecular and supramolecular chromophores with unusual electronic and optical properties. Their properties are characterized in interdisciplinary collaboration with the objectives to provide new classes of chromophores for opto-electronic device applications, to investigate pi-electron delocalization in acetylenic molecular architectures extending into one, two, and three dimensions, and to advance fundamental knowledge in an interplay between experiment and theory allowing prediction and tuning of opto-electronic properties. Specific aims are: 1. New "super-electron acceptors" and investigation of their intra- and intermolecular charge-transfer interactions. These non-planar, stable, and sublimable chromophores are expected to possess high third-order optical nonlinearities and are investigated for formation of amorphous, high-optical quality films and conductive or magnetic charge-transfer complexes and salts with various electron donors. 2. Optically pure alleno-acetylenic macrocycles and oligomers adopting helical conformations. The chiroptical properties of these chromophores are exceptional and will be further enhanced in supramolecular assemblies. 3. Covalently modified fullerenes with increased electron uptake capability for applications in photovoltaic devices. 4. Regular [AB]-type oligomers and polymers using the formation of charge-transfer chromophores from acetylenic precursors as the chain-propagation step. 5. Zwitterionic, redox-amphiphilic dendrimers for mono- and multi-layer formation in organic electronic devices.
|
[
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
] |
10.4171/GGD/338
|
The irreducible components of the moduli space of dihedral covers of algebraic curves
|
The main purpose of this paper is to introduce a new invariant for the action of a finite group G on a compact complex curve of genus g. With the aid of this invariant we achieve the classification of the components of the locus (in the moduli space) of curves admitting an effective action by the dihedral group Dn. This invariant has later been used in [11] where the results of Livingston [29] and of Dunfield and Thurston [17] have been extended to the ramified case.
|
[
"Mathematics"
] |
W2806615174
|
Improve Onboarding Customer Experience and Reduce Airline Ground Staff Efforts Using Wearable
|
Air transport has now turned out to be one of the prominent method of transport in India. Focused valuing, an ascent in per capita pay and so on are few of the drivers in charge of the development of flying industry in India. Due to in-wrinkle popular and promotion vantages of air travel, air terminal experts and airline companies are putting more endeavors in enhancing passenger experience to make their movement agreeable and critical. Passenger loyalty is key to repeat business. Dissatisfied passenger not only switch brands but also spread their dis-satisfaction. Passenger loyalty frequently relies on your item, administrations, activity and so on. Onboarding passenger in a flight is a successive procedure and every passenger needs to experience this procedure each time. Airline ground staff plays an important part in directing and dealing with every one of these stages. All things considered, onboarding flight is an intricate procedure for some passenger. Airline ground staff put their extraordinary endeavors to help a passenger who is in require, finding a passenger for a minute ago onboarding and so on. Very late scramble for discovering passenger expands their (Airline Ground Staff) function as well as leads burden to the kindred passenger, chance in flight timing delay and so forth. There are multiple factors which contribute to passenger onboarding experience like unable to travel within the airport, first-time traveler, un-familiar airport, language etc. In this paper, we are discussing how can we improve passenger experience in a repeatable way by improving indoor navigation within the airport using technology which might reduce efforts by airport ground staff in finding a last-minute passenger.
|
[
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
] |
US 2014/0033041 W
|
SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR TWO AND THREE WAY MIXED METAL OXIDE ZPGM CATALYST
|
The present invention is directed to an apparatus for reducing emissions from an engine having associated therewith an exhaust system. The apparatus includes a catalyst system comprising: a substrate; a washcoat suitable for deposition on the substrate, comprising at least one oxide solid selected from the group consisting of at least one of a carrier material oxide and a first zero platinum group metal (ZPGM) catalyst; and an overcoat suitable for deposition on the substrate, comprising at least one overcoat oxide solid selected from the group consisting of at least one of a carrier material oxide and a second ZPGM catalyst; wherein the first and second ZPGM catalysts are selected from the group consisting of at least lanthanum, cerium, manganese, iron, cobalt, and mixtures thereof.
|
[
"Materials Engineering",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
] |
Q2688964
|
Développement de HANDICRAFT par la promotion sur les marchés d’exportation
|
Sa 42799(2015/X) Le projet sera mis en œuvre dans le cadre du BPP MEBLE WORLD PERSPECTIVE RYNEK: ÉMIRATS ARABES UNIS. Les activités seront menées dans les domaines suivants: ROYAUME-UNI, POLOGNE, ÉMIRATS ARABES UNIS. Dans le PROJET PROJET, les activités promotionnelles seront menées par: —missions de sortie — stands lors de foires commerciales et de conférences — activités promotionnelles supplémentaires La requérante réalisera le projet en réservant des lieux d’exposition au salon, en effectuant des frais d’inscription et des inscriptions dans le catalogue des foires commerciales, en organisant des stands d’exposition au salon et en effectuant des missions de sortie. Les foires commerciales sélectionnées auxquelles le candidat participera en tant qu’exposant sont: 1.JANVIER FURNITURE SHOW 2.BBC Gardeners’ World Live 3.Manchester FURNITURE SHOW 4.WARSAW HOME La requérante effectuera également une mission sur le marché des Émirats arabes unis lors de l’Indice International Design 2020. LE DEMANDEUR A CONFIRMÉ LA POSSIBILITÉ DE PARTICIPER À DES FOIRES SÉLECTIONNÉES, CONFORMÉMENT À LA NOTE S.15 DES INSTRUCTIONS POUR LE REMPLISSAGE DE LA DEMANDE. Le demandeur utilisera la visualisation MPG. Le produit d’exportation sera: mobilier HANDICRAFT innovant en bois 100 % massif (cuc, peuplier, cendre, orme, hêtre, érable, noix, mâchoire, acacia). Le groupe se compose de produits du domaine de la spécialisation intelligente: KIS 2. TECHNOLOGIES, PROCÉDÉS ET PRODUITS INNOVANTS DU SECTEUR AGRO-ALIMENTAIRE ET FORESTIER XII. Personnalisation des meubles PRODUCTION 1. Mobilier à usage spécial, y compris les immeubles de meubles; meubles d’un confort accru; les meubles qui réduisent les déficits de santé, les meubles qui soutiennent le développement approprié et le maintien en bon état, éliminant l’impact négatif des facteurs de civilisation, ainsi que l’intégration des meubles avec les systèmes numériques et électroniques, qui sont conformes à la section C, section 31 de la classification PKD 2007. LE PROJET SERA MIS EN ŒUVRE À PARTIR DES RESSOURCES PROPRES DU DEMANDEUR PROVENANT DES ACTIVITÉS OPÉRATIONNELLES EN COURS.
|
[
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
] |
890441
|
Beyond rationality in algebraic cft: mathematical structures and models
|
Conformal Field Theory (CFT) in low dimensions is one of the most active branches of modern physics, it is amenable to rigorous ""axiomatic"" formulations, hence it is naturally connected to various areas of mathematical research. For example, to CFTs one can associate braided tensor categories (describing superselection sectors, defects, topological field theories) and subfactors, i.e., inclusions of von Neumann algebras with trivial center (describing extensions, duality properties and exotic charge localizations). All these areas are independently pairwise correlated, e.g., subfactors with CFTs, subfactors with tensor categories, and they have their own history and an extremely profound literature.
The aim of my research project is to analyze models of CFT, together with the associated mathematical objects, which are not necessarily ""rational"", i.e., which may admit infinitely many superselection sectors (""particle"" excitations of the vacuum). Examples of non-rational CFTs (which are the majority among all CFTs) come from Virasoro minimal models with central charge bigger than one (there are continuously many), and global gauge theories with respect to a compact non-finite group of internal symmetries.
Non-rationality of a CFT also implies that the ""size"" of the associated categories and subfactors have to be infinite, namely one is led to consider categories with infinite spectrum and subfactors with infinite Jones index. These mathematical objects are natural generalizations of their ""finite"" counterparts (modular and fusion categories, finite index subfactors), they are physically motivated, but they attracted the attention of researchers only in recent times.
This research project aims to study structural properties of non-rational CFTs using modern machinery (e.g., generalized Q-systems, ind-categories, planar algebras), to study infinite braided tensor categories and infinite index subfactors arising from them, and exploit their interplay.
|
[
"Mathematics",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
] |
10.1088/1367-2630/15/12/125005
|
Local Field Effects On The Plasmon Dispersion Of Two Dimensional Transition Metal Dichalcogenides
|
Two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are gaining increasing attention as alternative to graphene for their very high potential in optoelectronics applications. Here we consider two prototypical metallic 2D TMDs, NbSe$_2$ and TaS$_2$. Using a first-principles approach, we investigate the properties of the localised intraband $d$ plasmon that cannot be modelled on the basis of the homogeneous electron gas. Finally, we discuss the effects of the reduced dimensionality on the plasmon dispersion through the interplay between interband transitions and local-field effects. This result can be exploited to tune the plasmonic properties of these novel 2D materials.
|
[
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
] |
10.1186/s12866-019-1410-1
|
Functional analysis of RIP toxins from the Drosophila endosymbiont Spiroplasma poulsonii
|
Background: Insects frequently live in close relationship with symbiotic bacteria that carry out beneficial functions for their host, like protection against parasites and viruses. However, in some cases, the mutualistic nature of such associations is put into question because of detrimental phenotypes caused by the symbiont. One example is the association between the vertically transmitted facultative endosymbiont Spiroplasma poulsonii and its natural host Drosophila melanogaster. Whereas S. Poulsonii protects its host against parasitoid wasps and nematodes by the action of toxins from the family of Ribosome Inactivating Proteins (RIPs), the presence of S. Poulsonii has been reported to reduce hosts life span and to kill male embryos by a toxin called Spaid. In this work, we investigate the harmful effects of Spiroplasma RIPs on Drosophila in the absence of parasite infection. Results: We show that only two Spiroplasma RIPs (SpRIP1 and SpRIP2) among the five RIP genes encoded in the S. Poulsonii genome are significantly expressed during the whole Drosophila life cycle. Heterologous expression of SpRIP1 and 2 in uninfected flies confirms their toxicity, as indicated by a reduction of Drosophila lifespan and hemocyte number. We also show that RIPs can cause the death of some embryos, including females. Conclusion: Our results indicate that RIPs released by S. Poulsonii contribute to the reduction of host lifespan and embryo mortality. This suggests that SpRIPs may impact the insect-symbiont homeostasis beyond their protective function against parasites.
|
[
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
] |
W2345557459
|
Revisiting the Generation of Internal Waves by Resonant Interaction with Surface Waves
|
Abstract Two surface waves can interact to produce an internal gravity wave by nonlinear resonant coupling. The process has been called spontaneous creation (SC) because it operates without internal waves being initially present. Previous studies have shown that the generated internal waves have high frequency close to the local Brunt–Väisälä frequency and wavelengths that are much larger than those of the participating surface waves, and that the spectral transfer rate of energy to the internal wave field is small compared to other generation processes. The aim of the present analysis is to provide a global map of the energy transfer into the internal wave field by surface–internal wave interaction, which is found to be about 10 −3 TW in total, based on a realistic wind-sea spectrum (depending on wind speed), mixed layer depths, and stratification below the mixed layer taken from a state-of-the-art numerical ocean model. Unlike previous calculations of the spectral transfer rate based on a vertical mode decomposition, the authors use an analytical framework that directly derives the energy flux of generated internal waves radiating downward from the mixed layer base. Since the radiated waves are of high frequency, they are trapped and dissipated in the upper ocean. The radiative flux thus feeds only a small portion of the water column, unlike in cases of wind-driven near-inertial waves that spread over the entire ocean depth before dissipating. The authors also give an estimate of the interior dissipation and implied vertical diffusivities due to this process. In an extended appendix, they review the modal description of the SC interaction process, completed by the corresponding counterpart, the modulation interaction process (MI), where a preexisting internal wave is modulated by a surface wave and interacts with another one. MI establishes a damping of the internal wave field, thus acting against SC. The authors show that SC overcomes MI for wind speeds exceeding about 10 m s −1 .
|
[
"Earth System Science"
] |
10.1016/j.jprot.2013.05.018
|
Metaproteomics of our microbiome - Developing insight in function and activity in man and model systems
|
We are all colonized by a large microbiome, a complex set of microbes that have intimate associations with us. Culture-based approaches have provided insights in the complexity of the microbial communities living on surfaces inside and outside the body. However, the application of high-throughput sequencing technologies has identified large numbers of community members at both the phylogenetic and the (meta-)genome level. The latter allowed defining a reference set of several millions of mainly bacterial genes and provided the basis for developing approaches to target the activity and function of the human microbiome with proteomic techniques. Moreover, recent improvements in protein and peptide separation efficiencies and highly accurate mass spectrometers have promoted the field of metaproteomics, the study of the collective proteome of microbial communities. We here review the approaches that have been developed to study the human metaproteomes, focusing on intestinal tract and body fluids. Moreover, we complement these by considering metaproteomic studies in mouse and other model systems offering the option to study single species or simple consortia. Finally, we discuss present and future avenues that may be used to advance the application of metaproteomic approaches to further improve our understanding of the microbes inside and around our body. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Trends in Microbial Proteomics.
|
[
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering"
] |
W2137643058
|
Airborne geophysical surveys in the north-central region of Goias (Brazil): implications for radiometric characterization of tropical soils
|
Progress obtained in analysis aerogammaspectrometric and aeromagnetic survey data for the north-central region of the state of Goias (Brazil) are presented. The results obtained have allowed not only determination of the abundances of naturally radioactive elements but also new insights into the processes that determine the radiometric characteristics of the main soil types. There are indications that the radioelement abundances of soils are not only related to their physical properties, but also chemical characteristics of source rocks from which they are derived. For example, oxisol soils derived from the felsic source rocks of the Mara Rosa and Green stone belts have equivalent uranium (eU) values higher than 1.7 ppm, while those derived from source rocks of the relatively more basic Uruaçu Group and sediment sequences of Proterozoic age are characterized by eU contents of less than 1 ppm. Oxisol soils of the Median massif, ultisol soils of the Paranoá, Canastra and Araxá Groups, cambisol soils of the Araí Group and plintosol soils of the Bambuí Group constitute an intermediate class with eU contents in the range of 1-1.3 ppm. Equivalent thorium abundances of soil types display similar trends, the range of variation being 4-16 ppm. Potassium abundances on the other hand are rather uniform with values in the range of 1-1.3%, the only exception being the sedimentary sequences of Proterozoic age, which has a mean value of 0.7%. These observations have been considered as indicative of characteristic features of tropical soils in the study area. In this context, we point out the possibility of using results of aerogammaspectrometry surveys as a convenient complementary tool in identifying geochemical zoning of soils in tropical environments. The ratios of eU/K are found to fall in the range of 1-1.7, which is typical of common soils. The ratios of eTh/K exhibit a relatively wide interval, with values in the range of 4-16. The ratios of eTh/eU are found to have values in the range of 2-12. Also, there appears to be a rather reasonable association between the spatial distributions of positive anomalies of the radioelement ratios with the lineaments derived from the vertical derivative of the magnetic field. The map of the analytic signal of the magnetic field also reveals a similar association. Such associations imply that the processes which determine evolutionary trends of soil types are somehow related to the events that control the development of structural features in subsurface layers.
|
[
"Earth System Science",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
] |
10.1016/j.jmb.2012.01.051
|
Chemical strategies for controlling protein folding and elucidating the molecular mechanisms of amyloid formation and toxicity
|
It has been more than a century since the first evidence linking the process of amyloid formation to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. During the last three decades in particular, increasing evidence from various sources (pathology, genetics, cell culture studies, biochemistry, and biophysics) continues to point to a central role for the pathogenesis of several incurable neurodegenerative and systemic diseases. This is in part driven by our improved understanding of the molecular mechanisms of protein misfolding and aggregation and the structural properties of the different aggregates in the amyloid pathway and the emergence of new tools and experimental approaches that permit better characterization of amyloid formation in vivo. Despite these advances, detailed mechanistic understanding of protein aggregation and amyloid formation in vitro and in vivo presents several challenges that remain to be addressed and several fundamental questions about the molecular and structural determinants of amyloid formation and toxicity and the mechanisms of amyloid-induced toxicity remain unanswered. To address this knowledge gap and technical challenges, there is a critical need for developing novel tools and experimental approaches that will not only permit the detection and monitoring of molecular events that underlie this process but also allow for the manipulation of these events in a spatial and temporal fashion both in and out of the cell. This review is primarily dedicated in highlighting recent results that illustrate how advances in chemistry and chemical biology have been and can be used to address some of the questions and technical challenges mentioned above. We believe that combining recent advances in the development of new fluorescent probes, imaging tools that enabled the visualization and tracking of molecular events with advances in organic synthesis, and novel approaches for protein synthesis and engineering provide unique opportunities to gain a molecular-level understanding of the process of amyloid formation. We hope that this review will stimulate further research in this area and catalyze increased collaboration at the interface of chemistry and biology to decipher the mechanisms and roles of protein folding, misfolding, and aggregation in health and disease.
|
[
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
] |
10.1093/cercor/bhr301
|
Abundant occurrence of basal radial glia in the subventricular zone of embryonic neocortex of a lissencephalic primate, the common marmoset callithrix jacchus
|
Subventricular zone (SVZ) progenitors are a hallmark of the developing neocortex. Recent studies described a novel type of SVZ progenitor that retains a basal process at mitosis, sustains expression of radial glial markers, and is capable of self-renewal. These progenitors, referred to here as basal radial glia (bRG), occur at high relative abundance in the SVZ of gyrencephalic primates (human) and nonprimates (ferret) but not lissencephalic rodents (mouse). Here, we analyzed the occurrence of bRG cells in the embryonic neocortex of the common marmoset Callithrix jacchus, a near-lissencephalic primate. bRG cells, expressing Pax6, Sox2 (but not Tbr2), glutamate aspartate transporter, and glial fibrillary acidic protein and retaining a basal process at mitosis, occur at similar relative abundance in the marmoset SVZ as in human and ferret. The proportion of progenitors in M-phase was lower in embryonic marmoset than developing ferret neocortex, raising the possibility of a longer cell cycle. Fitting the gyrification indices of 26 anthropoid species to an evolutionary model suggested that the marmoset evolved from a gyrencephalic ancestor. Our results suggest that a high relative abundance of bRG cells may be necessary, but is not sufficient, for gyrencephaly and that the marmoset's lissencephaly evolved secondarily by changing progenitor parameters other than progenitor type.
|
[
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
] |
10.1103/PhysRevB.99.121112
|
Quasilocalized excitations induced by long-range interactions in translationally invariant quantum spin chains
|
We show that long-range ferromagnetic interactions in quantum spin chains can induce spatial quasilocalization of topological magnetic defects, i. e. , domain walls, even in the absence of quenched disorder. Utilizing matrix-product-states numerical techniques, we study the nonequilibrium evolution of initial states with one or more domain walls under the effect of a transverse field in variable-range quantum Ising chains. Upon increasing the range of these interactions, we demonstrate the occurrence of a sharp transition characterized by the suppression of spatial diffusion of the excitations during the accessible time scale: the excess energy density remains localized around the initial position of the domain walls. This quasilocalization is accurately reproduced by an effective semiclassical model, which elucidates the crucial role that long-range interactions play in this phenomenon. The predictions of this Rapid Communication can be tested in current experiments with trapped ions.
|
[
"Condensed Matter Physics"
] |
10.1016/j.mib.2014.10.009
|
Targeting of plant pattern recognition receptor-triggered immunity by bacterial type-III secretion system effectors
|
During infection, microbes are detected by surface-localized pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), leading to an innate immune response that prevents microbial ingress. Therefore, successful pathogens must evade or inhibit PRR-triggered immunity to cause disease. In the past decade, a number of type-III secretion system effector (T3Es) proteins from plant pathogenic bacteria have been shown to suppress this layer of innate immunity. More recently, the detailed mechanisms of action have been defined for several of these effectors. Interestingly, effectors display a wide array of virulence targets, being able to prevent activation of immune receptors and to hijack immune signaling pathways. Besides being a fascinating example of pathogen-host co-evolution, effectors have also emerged as valuable tools to dissect important biological processes in host cells.
|
[
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
] |
10.4204/EPTCS.146.7
|
Nash Equilibria In Symmetric Games With Partial Observation
|
We investigate a model for representing large multiplayer games, which satisfy strong symmetry properties. This model is made of multiple copies of an arena; each player plays in his own arena, and can partially observe what the other players do. Therefore, this game has partial information and symmetry constraints, which make the computation of Nash equilibria difficult. We show several undecidability results, and for bounded-memory strategies, we precisely characterize the complexity of computing pure Nash equilibria (for qualitative objectives) in this game model.
|
[
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Mathematics"
] |
W1915989579
|
Dermatologic research in the Nordic countries 1989-2008 - a bibliometric study
|
Bibliometric methods, based on the count of articles published in scientific journals, are increasingly used to evaluate scientific productivity. Bibliometric studies may identify factors that promote or inhibit research performance. We set out to analyze dermatologic research activity in Sweden, Denmark, Finland, and Norway using bibliometric methods.We performed repetitive searches on Medline, using the PubMed interface, for the period 1989-2008. Dermatologic articles were defined as all articles in dermatologic journals plus articles in nondermatologic journals in which the address of first author included an institution of dermatology. Articles were allocated to the country of first author's address.The number of dermatologic articles from Sweden, Denmark, Finland, and Norway was 1896 (214 per million inhabitants), 1502 (281), 1017 (196), and 249 (55), respectively. Dermatologic articles represented 1.4%, 2.3%, 1.6%, and 0.6% of each country's total number of Medline articles in English over the same period. Similar patterns were found in relation to gross domestic product, number of dermatologists, and number of medical schools. After 2000, the yearly number of dermatologic articles from Denmark increased and that from Finland decreased, whereas the numbers from Sweden and Norway remained relatively stable.Despite similarities in social and economic conditions in Sweden, Denmark, Finland, and Norway, there are great differences in dermatologic research activity in the four countries, with Denmark performing best and Norway poorest. Historical and cultural factors may partly explain these differences.
|
[
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
] |
10.1007/978-1-4419-9443-1_9
|
Nanotube And Graphene Polymer Composites For Photonics And Optoelectronics
|
Polymer composites are an attractive near-term means to exploit the unique properties of single wall carbon nanotubes and graphene. This is particularly true for composites aimed at photonic and optoelectronic applications, where a number of devices have already been demonstrated. These include transparent conductors, saturable absorbers, electroluminescent and photovoltaic devices. Here, we present an overview of such composites, from solution processing of the raw materials, their sorting, characterization, to their incorporation into polymers, device fabrication and testing.
|
[
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
] |
10.7554/elife.55336
|
The yeast mating-type switching endonuclease HO is a domesticated member of an unorthodox homing genetic element family
|
The mating-type switching endonuclease HO plays a central role in the natural life cycle of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, but its evolutionary origin is unknown. HO is a recent addition to yeast genomes, present in only a few genera close to Saccharomyces. Here we show that HO is structurally and phylogenetically related to a family of unorthodox homing genetic elements found in Torulaspora and Lachancea yeasts. These WHO elements home into the aldolase gene FBA1, replacing its 3' end each time they integrate. They resemble inteins but they operate by a different mechanism that does not require protein splicing. We show that a WHO protein cleaves Torulaspora delbrueckii FBA1 efficiently and in an allele-specific manner, leading to DNA repair by gene conversion or NHEJ. The DNA rearrangement steps during WHO element homing are very similar to those during mating-type switching, and indicate that HO is a domesticated WHO-like element.
|
[
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
] |
185483
|
Colour-Code labelling for continuous monitoring of quality and safety of packed chicken meat
|
FreshInk represents a unique Smart packaging solution targeting the global market of fresh food packaging, starting with
fresh chicken breast market. The innovation uses a patented, solvent-based flexographic ink, which makes a reactive
indicating compound, that follows the progress of the product´s freshness.
The main advantages of FreshInk are i) the proven safety of its main structural element, which allows the packaging to
examine the freshness of the product and not of its environment -as is the status quo in smart packaging- as well as ii) the
fact that the reactive indicating compound determines a progressive colour change, making it feasible to follow the gradual
alteration of the product´s freshness.
FreshInk combines extensive know-how with cutting edge technology in the domain of freshness indicators. It represents an
introduction to a whole new distruptive technology that will change the direction of how we conserve food.
This phase 2 project aims to demonstrate the effectiveness of the FreshInk label to key stakeholders – packaging
companies, retailers and consumers – in order to overcome market barriers that occur due to lack of knowledge.
CHIMIGRAF is a consolidated SME, with over 160 employees and turnover of 38M€. The successful exploitation of FreshInk
not only offers to create 8 new jobs and provide CHIMIGRAF with an increased income of 6M€, but also will represent over
50% of CHIMIGRAF’s profit by 2021, securing the long term future of the company.
|
[
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
] |
10.1007/s12520-018-0677-8
|
The first plant bast fibre technology: identifying splicing in archaeological textiles
|
Recent research into plant bast fibre technology points to a Neolithic European tradition of working fibres into threads by splicing, rather than draft spinning. The major issue now is the ability of textile specialists and archaeobotanists to distinguish the technology of splicing from draft-spun fibres. This paper defines the major types of splicing and proposes an explicit method to observe, identify and interpret spliced thread technology. The identification of spliced yarns is evaluated through the examination of textiles from Europe, Egypt and the Near East. Through the application of this method, we propose that the switch from splicing to draft spinning plant fibres occurred much later than previously thought. The ramifications of this shift in plant processing have profound implications for understanding the chaîne opératoire of this ubiquitous and time-consuming technology, which will have to be factored into social and economic reconstructions of the past.
|
[
"The Study of the Human Past"
] |
10.1186/s13059-015-0820-0
|
CRISPR sabotage
|
The biological arms race generally involves the rapid co-evolution of anti-virus systems in host organisms and of anti-anti-virus systems in their viral parasites. The CRISPR-Cas system is an example of a prokaryotic immune system in which such co-evolution occurs, as was recently demonstrated by the characterization of a set of viral anti-CRISPR proteins.
|
[
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
] |
10.1007/s10096-011-1419-3
|
Do mosquito-associated bacteria of the genus Asaia circulate in humans?
|
Symbiotic bacteria of the genus Asaia have been proposed as tools for control of mosquito-borne diseases, specifically malaria. However, safety issues are a major concern for paratransgenesis strategies. The aim of this study is to investigate, with immunofluorescence assays and quantitative PCR experiments, whether Asaia spp. is circulating among humans. All human sera and whole blood samples analyzed were negative for Asaia spp. , thus suggesting that this organism could be utilized, in the future, as a malaria control tool.
|
[
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
] |
10.1038/srep16144
|
Human cooperation in groups: Variation begets variation
|
Many experiments on human cooperation have revealed that individuals differ systematically in their tendency to cooperate with others. It has also been shown that individuals condition their behaviour on the overall cooperation level of their peers. Yet, little is known about how individuals respond to heterogeneity in cooperativeness in their neighbourhood. Here, we present an experimental study investigating whether and how people respond to heterogeneous behaviour in a public goods game. We find that a large majority of subjects does respond to heterogeneity in their group, but they respond in quite different ways. Most subjects contribute less to the public good when the contributions of their peers are more heterogeneous, but a substantial fraction of individuals consistently contributes more in this case. In addition, we find that individuals that respond positively to heterogeneity have a higher general cooperation tendency. The finding that social responsiveness occurs in different forms and is correlated with cooperativeness may have important implications for the outcome of cooperative interactions.
|
[
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
] |
W3185879241
|
Arthrose et incidence des accidents vasculaires cérébraux et des accidents ischémiques transitoires chez 320 136 adultes suivis dans des cabinets généralistes au Royaume-Uni
|
Resume Objectif Cette etude avait pour objectif d’explorer la relation entre l’arthrose et l’incidence des accidents vasculaires cerebraux (AVC) et des accidents ischemiques transitoires (AIT) au Royaume-Uni. Methodes L’etude a inclus des patients ayant recu un diagnostic initial d’arthrose dans l’un des 256 cabinets de medecine generale du Royaume-Uni entre 1997 et 2016 (date index). Des patients sans arthrose ont ete apparies (1:1) aux patients avec arthrose selon des scores de propension fondes sur le sexe, l’âge, l’annee index, le cabinet generaliste et les facteurs de risque vasculaire consignes dans les 12 mois precedant la date index (hypertension, obesite, diabete sucre, dyslipidemie et fibrillation atriale). Pour les patients sans arthrose, une date de consultation aleatoire entre 1997 et 2016 a ete selectionnee comme date index. La relation entre l’arthrose et l’incidence des AVC et AIT a ete analysee au moyen de courbes de Kaplan-Meier et de regressions de Cox. Resultats Cette etude a inclus 160 068 patients atteints d’arthrose et 160 068 patients sans arthrose (61,6 % de femmes, âge moyen [ecart-type] 64,2 [14,2] ans). L’incidence a 10 ans des AVC (4,5 % contre 3,0 %) et des AIT (3,3 % contre 2,0 %) etait significativement plus elevee chez les patients avec arthrose. Les analyses de regression de Cox ont egalement fait apparaitre une association positive entre arthrose et AVC (hazard ratio [HR] 1,45, intervalle de confiance [IC] a 95 % 1,39–1,51) et AIT (HR 1,55, IC 95 % 1,47–1,63). Conclusions Ces observations suggerent une possible association de l’arthrose avec une augmentation de l’incidence des AVC et des AIT. Des etudes longitudinales complementaires sont necessaires pour confirmer ou infirmer ces resultats.
|
[
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
] |
851929
|
Three-dimensional nanoscale design for the all-in-one solution to environmental multisource energy scavenging
|
Imagine a technology for powering your smart devices by recovering energy from lights in your office, the random movements of your body while reading these lines or from small changes in temperature when you breathe or go out for a walk. This very technology will provide energy for wireless sensor networks monitoring the air in your city or the structural stability of buildings and large constructions remotely and sustainably, avoiding battery recharging or even replacing them. These are the challenges in micro energy harvesting from (local) ambient sources.
Kinetic, thermal and solar energies are ubiquitous at our surroundings under diverse forms, but their relatively low intensity and intermittent availability limit their potential recovery by microscale devices. These restrictions call for multi-source energy harvesters working under two principles: 1) combining different single-source harvesters in one device, or 2) using multifunctional materials capable of simultaneously converting various energy sources into electricity. In 1), efficiency per unit volume can decrease compared to the individual counterparts; in 2), materials as semiconductors, polymeric and oxide ferroelectrics and hybrid perovskites may act as multisource harvesters but huge advances are required to optimize their functionalities and sustainable fabrication at large scale.
I propose to fill the gap between these approaches offering an all-in-one solution to multisource energy scavenging, based on the nanoscale design of multifunctional three-dimensional materials. The demonstration of an industrially scalable one-reactor plasma/vacuum method will be crucial to integrate hybrid-scavenging components and to provide 3DScavengers materials with tailored microstructure-enhanced performance.
My ultimate goal is to build nanoarchitectures for simultaneous and enhanced individual scavenging applying photovoltaic, piezo- and pyro-electric effects, minimizing the environmental cost of their synthesis
|
[
"Materials Engineering",
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
] |
175638
|
Slovak centre of excellence in ion beam and plasma technologies for materials engineering and nanotechnology
|
The Center of Excellence SlovakION aims to become Eastern Europe’s leading research centre for ion beam and plasma technologies in materials engineering and nanotechnology. Based on cutting-edge research and closely integrated in an international network of research facilities, SlovakION’s holistic approach to innovation transfer and its close interaction with the regional industry will contribute to the economic development of Slovakia. The main focus lies with the automotive and electronics industry as pointed out in Slovakia’s Research and Innovation Strategy for Smart Specialisation.
The TEAMING project shall help to develop the new Centre of Excellence as an internationally acclaimed source of excellent research. In close cooperation with the Slovak government and relevant industrial partners, SlovakION will establish and develop an integrated system for technology transfer and applied research. As a long term vision, this Slovak transfer model should be extended on other areas of research and industrial fields.
The SlovakION project draws its strength from three major sources: (i) STU is Slovakia’s leading technical university with a long tradition of excellent research and education, (ii) As of today, already €42M has been committed for creating a state-of-the-art facility for ion and plasma technologies. These funds were provided by the European Structural Investment Fund (ESIF), the Slovak Republic Government and the STU, and (iii) HZDR Dresden will be the leading support for SlovakION building on more than a decade of close collaboration. HZDR will not only bring its own experiences in breeding excellent research and develop fruitful technology transfer, but could draw on the whole Dresden research cluster including a leading technical university, several thematically linked Fraun¬hofer sites as well as several public-private partnerships fostering technology transfer.
|
[
"Materials Engineering",
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
] |
10.1002/ijch.201200080
|
Development of an enzyme mimic using self-selection
|
The development of a serine protease model using a self-selection protocol is described. The developed system mimics the regeneration step of an enzyme involved in covalent enzyme catalysis. A transition-state analogue of a transesterification reaction is used to self-select functional groups able to accelerate ester cleavage. It is shown that the insertion of a tertiary amine substituent flanking the reaction center reinforces transition-state stabilization by directing the reactive center towards the self-selected functionality. In addition, the tertiary amine activates a bland (solvent) nucleophile for attack on an ester bond similar to what occurs in a serine protease. A quantitative correspondence is observed between the amplification factors and catalytic activity, illustrating the potential of the dynamic covalent capture strategy to precisely detect and quantify weak noncovalent interactions.
|
[
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
] |
10.1051/0004-6361/201525727
|
The Vimos Public Extragalactic Redshift Survey Vipers Hierarchical Scaling And Biasing
|
We investigate the higher-order correlation properties of the VIMOS Public Extragalactic Redshift Survey (VIPERS) to test the hierarchical scaling hypothesis at z~1 and the dependence on galaxy luminosity, stellar mass, and redshift. We also aim to assess deviations from the linearity of galaxy bias independently from a previously performed analysis of our survey (Di Porto et al. 2014). We have measured the count probability distribution function in cells of radii 3 < R < 10 Mpc/h, deriving $\sigma_{8g}$, the volume-averaged two-,three-,and four-point correlation functions and the normalized skewness $S_{3g}$ and kurtosis $S_{4g}$ for volume-limited subsamples covering the ranges $-19. 5 \le M_B(z=1. 1)-5log(h) \le -21. 0$, $9. 0 < log(M*/M_{\odot} h^{-2}) \le 11. 0$, $0. 5 \le z < 1. 1$. We have thus performed the first measurement of high-order correlations at z~1 in a spectroscopic redshift survey. Our main results are the following. 1) The hierarchical scaling holds throughout the whole range of scale and z. 2) We do not find a significant dependence of $S_{3g}$ on luminosity (below z=0. 9 $S_{3g}$ decreases with luminosity but only at 1{\sigma}-level). 3) We do not detect a significant dependence of $S_{3g}$ and $S_{4g}$ on scale, except beyond z~0. 9, where the dependence can be explained as a consequence of sample variance. 4) We do not detect an evolution of $S_{3g}$ and $S_{4g}$ with z. 5) The linear bias factor $b=\sigma_{8g}/\sigma_{8m}$ increases with z, in agreement with previous results. 6) We quantify deviations from the linear bias by means of the Taylor expansion parameter $b_2$. Our results are compatible with a null non-linear bias term, but taking into account other available data we argue that there is evidence for a small non-linear bias term.
|
[
"Universe Sciences"
] |
257158
|
Active and low loss nano photonics (ActiveNP)
|
This project aims at designing novel hybrid nanophotonic devices comprising metallic nanostructures and active elements such as dye molecules or colloidal quantum dots. Three core objectives, each going far beyond the state of the art, shall be tackled: (i) Metamaterials containing gain materials: Metamaterials introduce magnetism to the optical frequency range and hold promise to create entirely novel devices for light manipulation. Since present day metamaterials are extremely absorptive, it is of utmost importance to fight losses. The ground-breaking approach of this proposal is to incorporate fluorescing species into the nanoscale metallic metastructures in order to compensate losses by stimulated emission. (ii) The second objective exceeds the ansatz of compensating losses and will reach out for lasing action. Individual metallic nanostructures such as pairs of nanoparticles will form novel and unusual nanometre sized resonators for laser action. State of the art microresonators still have a volume of at least half of the wavelength cubed. Noble metal nanoparticle resonators scale down this volume by a factor of thousand allowing for truly nanoscale coherent light sources. (iii) A third objective concerns a substantial improvement of nonlinear effects. This will be accomplished by drastically sharpened resonances of nanoplasmonic devices surrounded by active gain materials. An interdisciplinary team of PhD students and a PostDoc will be assembled, each scientist being uniquely qualified to cover one of the expertise fields: Design, spectroscopy, and simulation. The project s outcome is twofold: A substantial expansion of fundamental understanding of nanophotonics and practical devices such as nanoscopic lasers and low loss metamaterials.
|
[
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
] |
W2119986650
|
Spectrum Analysis for Software Quality Requirements Using Analyses Records
|
Defining quality requirements enough is more difficult than defining functional requirements because stakeholders do not state most of quality requirements explicitly. A method to analyze a requirements specification for identifying the amount of quality requirements in the specification has thus already proposed. However, the method requires human decisions a lot because the method depends only on the occurrences of terms in a specification. An analyst sometimes incorrectly analyzes a specification by using this method. We thus propose an improved method by using analyses records of systems similar to a system to be analyzed. We also developed a supporting tool to enact our method. We expect such analyses records help an analyst to make or skip decision during the method, and the result becomes more correct than before. % We applied our method to several requirements specifications, and found our method contribute to making the result more correct than before without a lot of human effort.
|
[
"Computer Science and Informatics"
] |
890005
|
Mental health monitoring through interactive conversations
|
Mental health is an essential component of health; however depression and anxiety are common disorders across the European Union. Many people may be described as “living with” a mental illness, and managing their own symptoms. However, they are often unsure of the thresholds for treatment, how to control their mental health, what are the best coping strategies or which resources are available to them. Conversational systems may facilitate watchful waiting and symptom monitoring, by initiating contact and symptom checking at various times of the day and night. The MENHIR project aims to research and develop conversational technologies to promote mental health and assist people with mental ill health (depression and anxiety) to manage their conditions. The participants will exchange and share their expertise toward this common objective, building a network for exchanging ideas and knowledge between Spain, Germany, Italy and United Kingdom, including academic, non-profit organizations and companies.
|
[
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
] |
10.3390/magnetochemistry6030034
|
Redox Modulation of Field-Induced Tetrathiafulvalene-Based Single-Molecule Magnets of Dysprosium
|
The complexes [Dy2(tta)6(H2SQ)] (Dy-H2SQ) and [Dy2(tta)6(Q)]·2CH2Cl2 (Dy-Q) (tta− = 2-thenoyltrifluoroacetonate) were obtained from the coordination reaction of the Dy(tta)3·2H2O units with the 2,2′-benzene-1,4-diylbis(6-hydroxy-4,7-di-tert-butyl-1,3-benzodithiol-2-ylium-5-olate ligand (H2SQ) and its oxidized form 2,2′-cyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-diylidenebis(4,7-di-tert-butyl-1,3-benzodithiole-5,6-dione (Q). The chemical oxidation of H2SQ in Q induced an increase in the coordination number from 7 to 8 around the DyIII ions and by consequence a modulation of the field-induced Single-Molecule Magnet behavior. Computational results rationalized the magnetic properties of each of the dinuclear complexes.
|
[
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
] |
10.1002/mrm.26148
|
Universal pulses: A new concept for calibration-free parallel transmission
|
Purpose: A calibration-free parallel transmission method is investigated to mitigate the radiofrequency (RF) field inhomogeneity problem in brain imaging at 7 Tesla (T). Theory and Methods: Six volunteers were scanned to build a representative database of RF and static field maps at 7T. Small-tip-angle and inversion pulses were designed with joint kT-points trajectory optimization to work robustly on all six subjects. The returned “universal” pulses were then inserted in an MPRAGE sequence implemented on six additional volunteers without further field measurements and pulse optimizations. Similar acquisitions were performed in the circularly polarized mode and with subject-based optimizations for comparison. Performance of the different approaches was evaluated by means of image analysis and computation of the flip angle normalized root mean square errors (NRMSE). Results: For both the excitation and inversion, the universal pulses (NRMSE∼11%) outperformed the circularly polarized (NRMSE∼28%) and RF shim modes (NRMSE∼20%) across all volunteers and returned slightly worse results than for subject-based optimized pulses (NRMSE∼7%). Conclusion: RF pulses can be designed to robustly mitigate the RF field inhomogeneity problem over a population class. This appears as a first step toward another plug and play parallel transmission solution where the pulse design can be done offline and without measuring subject-specific field maps. Magn Reson Med 77:635–643, 2017.
|
[
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
] |
10.1039/C2CP40261K
|
What Is The Best Atomic Charge Model To Describe Through Space Charge Transfer Excitations
|
We investigate the efficiency of several partial atomic charge models (Mulliken, Hirshfeld, Bader, Natural, Merz–Kollman and ChelpG) for investigating the through-space charge-transfer in push–pull organic compounds with Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory approaches. The results of these models are compared to benchmark values obtained by determining the difference of total densities between the ground and excited states. Both model push–pull oligomers and two classes of “real-life” organic dyes (indoline and diketopyrrolopyrrole) used as sensitisers in solar cell applications have been considered. Though the difference of dipole moments between the ground and excited states is reproduced by most approaches, no atomic charge model is fully satisfactory for reproducing the distance and amount of charge transferred that are provided by the density picture. Overall, the partitioning schemes fitting the electrostatic potential (e. g. Merz–Kollman) stand as the most consistent compromises in the framework of simulating through-space charge-transfer, whereas the other models tend to yield qualitatively inconsistent values.
|
[
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
] |
10.3390/rs12040673
|
Insect Target Classes Discerned from Entomological Radar Data
|
Entomological radars employing the ‘ZLC’ (zenith-pointing linear-polarized narrow-angle conical scan) configuration detect individual insects flying overhead and can retrieve information about a target’s trajectory (its direction and speed), the insect’s body alignment and four parameters that characterize the target itself: its radar cross section, two shape parameters and its wingbeat frequency. Criteria have previously been developed to distinguish Australian Plague Locusts Chortoicetes terminifera, large moths, medium moths and small insects using the target-character parameters. Combinations of target characters that occur frequently, known as target ‘classes’, have also been identified previously both through qualitative analyses and more objectively with a 4D peak-finding algorithm applied to a dataset spanning a single flight season. In this study, fourteen years of radar observations from Bourke, NSW (30. 0392°S, 145. 952°E, 107 m above MSL) have been used to test this approach and potentially improve its utility. We found that the previous criteria for assigning targets to classes require some modification, that classes identified in the previous studies were frequently present in other years and that two additional classes could be recognized. Additionally, by incorporating air-temperature information from a meteorological model, we have shown that different classes fly in different temperature ranges. By drawing on knowledge concerning migrant species found in the regional areas around the radar site, together with morphological measurements and radar cross-section data for proxy species, we have made tentative identifications of the insect taxa likely to be contributing to each class.
|
[
"Earth System Science",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
] |
Q4937253
|
(14508.17092020.172001713) ELLE2021
|
THE PROJECT INCLUDES A SERIES OF INTEGRATED INVESTMENTS FOR THE RELAUNCH OF THE CANOPY COMPANY WITH PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM, BLOCK TIPPER, DUST ABATEMENT SYSTEM, STOCKS AS WELL AS SYSTEMS AND DEVICES FOR PROTECTION AGAINST COVID.
|
[
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
] |
W1866119528
|
Reconstruction using ‘triangular approximation’ of bone grafts for orbital blowout fractures
|
There are many orbital wall reconstruction materials that can be used in surgery for orbital blowout fractures. We consider autogenous bone grafts to have the best overall characteristics among these materials and use thinned, inner cortical tables of the ilium. A bone bender is normally used to shape the inner iliac table to match the orbital shape. Since orbital walls curve three-dimensionally, processing of bone grafts is not easy and often requires much time and effort. We applied a triangular approximation method to the processing of bone grafts. Triangular approximation is a concept used in computer graphics for polygon processing. In this method, the shape of an object is represented as combinations of polygons, mainly triangles. In this study, the inner iliac table was used as a bone graft, and cuts or scores were made to create triangular sections. These triangular sections were designed three-dimensionally so that the shape of the resulting graft approximated to the three-dimensional orbital shape. This method was used in 12 patients with orbital blowout fractures, which included orbital floor fractures, medial wall fractures, and combined inferior and medial wall fractures. In all patients, bone grafts conformed to the orbital shape and good results were obtained. This simple method uses a reasonable and easy-to-understand approach and is useful in the treatment of bone defects in orbital blowout fractures when using a hard graft material.
|
[
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
] |
10.1038/NPHYS3172
|
Fractional Excitations In The Square Lattice Quantum Antiferromagnet
|
Quantum magnets have occupied the fertile ground between many-body theory and low-temperature experiments on real materials since the early days of quantum mechanics. However, our understanding of even deceptively simple systems of interacting spins-1/2 is far from complete. The quantum square-lattice Heisenberg antiferromagnet (QSLHAF), for example, exhibits a striking anomaly of hitherto unknown origin in its magnetic excitation spectrum. This quantum effect manifests itself for excitations propagating with the specific wave vector (π, 0). We use polarized neutron spectroscopy to fully characterize the magnetic fluctuations in the metal-organic compound CFTD, a known realization of the QSLHAF model. Our experiments reveal an isotropic excitation continuum at the anomaly, which we analyse theoretically using Gutzwiller-projected trial wavefunctions. The excitation continuum is accounted for by the existence of spatially-extended pairs of fractional S=1/2 quasiparticles, 2D analogues of 1D spinons. Away from the anomalous wave vector, these fractional excitations are bound and form conventional magnons. Our results establish the existence of fractional quasiparticles in the high-energy spectrum of a quasi-two-dimensional antiferromagnet, even in the absence of frustration.
|
[
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
] |
247295
|
Amsterdam-ASTRON Radio Transient Facility And Analysis Centre: Probing the Extremes of Astrophysics
|
Some of the most extreme tests of physical law come from its manifestations in the behaviour of black holes and neutron stars, and as such these objects should be used as fundamental physics labs. Due to advances in both theoretical work and observational techniques, I have a major opportunity now to significantly push this agenda forward and get better answers to questions like: How are black holes born? How can energy be extracted from black holes? What is the origin of magnetic fields and cosmic rays in jets and shocks? Is their primary energy stream hadronic or magnetic? I propose to do this by exploiting the advent of wide-field radio astronomy: extreme objects are very rare and usually transient, so not only must one survey large areas of sky, but also must one do this often. I propose to form and shape a group that will use the LOFAR wide-field radio telescope to hunt for these extreme transients and systematically collect enough well-documented examples of the behaviour of each type of transient. Furthermore, I propose to expand LOFAR with a true 24/7 all-sky monitor to catch and study even the rarest of events. Next, I will use my experience in gamma-ray burst followup to conduct a vigorous multi-wavelength programme of study of these objects, to constrain their physics from as many angles as possible. This will eventually include results from multi-messenger astrophysics, in which we use neutrinos, gravity waves, and other non-electromagnetic messengers as extra diagnostics of the physics of these sources. Finally, I will build on my experience in modelling accretion phenomena and relativistic explosions to develop a theoretical framework for these phenomena and constrain the resulting models with the rich data sets we obtain.
|
[
"Universe Sciences",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
] |
10.1016/j.foreco.2013.02.005
|
Spatial patterns of seedling-adult associations in a temperate forest community
|
The spatial patterns of seedling recruitment were examined in a temperate deciduous forest stand of NW Spain. The emergence and survival of individual seedlings were sampled during two recruitment seasons for the five dominant tree species (Corylus avellana, Crataegus monogyna, Fagus sylvatica, Ilex aquifolium and Taxus baccata). Point pattern analyses based on the mark correlation functions and the independent marking null model were used to explore the relationship between seedling density and the location of individual adults of the same and of different species. Overall, we found that negative or null patterns of association dominated at intermediate to large scales in our study site. Surprisingly, there were almost no positive associations at small scales, except for some pairs of fleshy-fruited species. At the same time, the massive recruitment of F. sylvatica following a mast event was accompanied by positive associations at larger scales. Spatial changes in seedling abundance were demonstrated to depend not only on the distribution of conspecific adult trees, but to lay a spatial signature of the location of adults from other species. The temporal persistence of some of these patterns and changes associated to varying production highlight the need for a community approach to study tree recruitment.
|
[
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Earth System Science"
] |
10.1016/j.neuron.2017.07.027
|
Molecular Memory of Morphologies by Septins during Neuron Generation Allows Early Polarity Inheritance
|
Transmission of polarity established early during cell lineage history is emerging as a key process guiding cell differentiation. Highly polarized neurons provide a fascinating model to study inheritance of polarity over cell generations and across morphological transitions. Neural crest cells (NCCs) migrate to the dorsal root ganglia to generate neurons directly or after cell divisions in situ. Using live imaging of vertebrate embryo slices, we found that bipolar NCC progenitors lose their polarity, retracting their processes to round for division, but generate neurons with bipolar morphology by emitting processes from the same locations as the progenitor. Monitoring the dynamics of Septins, which play key roles in yeast polarity, indicates that Septin 7 tags process sites for re-initiation of process growth following mitosis. Interfering with Septins blocks this mechanism. Thus, Septins store polarity features during mitotic rounding so that daughters can reconstitute the initial progenitor polarity.
|
[
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
] |
10.1039/c9sm01253b
|
Numerical insights on ionic microgels: structure and swelling behaviour
|
The graphic provides three snapshots of the model showing how structural inhomogeneities arise in ionic microgels when topological disorder and the presence of explicit counterions are accounted for.
|
[
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
] |
W2259886736
|
Beyond Technology: Demand-Side Solutions for Climate Change Mitigation
|
The assessment literature on climate change solutions to date has emphasized technologies and options based on cost-effectiveness analysis. However, many solutions to climate change mitigation misalign with such analytical frameworks. Here, we examine demand-side solutions, a crucial class of mitigation options that go beyond technological specification and cost-benefit analysis. To do so, we synthesize demand-side mitigation options in the urban, building, transport, and agricultural sectors. We also highlight the specific nature of demand-side solutions in the context of development. We then discuss key analytical considerations to integrate demand-side options into overarching assessments on mitigation. Such a framework would include infrastructure solutions that interact with endogenous preference formation. Both hard infrastructures, such as the built environment, and soft infrastructures, such as habits and norms, shape behavior and as a consequence offer significant potential for reducing overall energy demand and greenhouse gas emissions. We conclude that systemic infrastructural and behavioral change will likely be a necessary component of a transition to a low-carbon society.
|
[
"Earth System Science",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
] |
681269
|
Decorative Principles in late Republican and early Imperial Italy
|
This project will provide a comprehensive analysis of the decorative principles employed between the late Republic and the end of the early Imperial period, i.e. the 2nd century BC and the end of the 1st century AD. It will be the first research programme to move away from analyses of single decorative elements in isolation and to focus on their correlation and interaction. This comprehensive approach will be adopted for varying spatial contexts such as houses, sanctuaries and main streets, enabling analyses of the changes decorative principles underwent according to spatial and functional contexts. Within this framework, the project will address four core research questions:
(1) How can the interplay of different decorative elements be analysed for architecturally closed and open urban spaces? A key question here is how forms of decor interact on a formal level, as well as in terms of content and meaning, in order to create specific atmospheres.
(2) What methods allow a scientific assessment of the interplay between decor and the use of space?
(3) Is there a social significance to decorative principles? Do specific social groups or specific spatial contexts favour or exclusively employ specific forms of decor?
(4) How can decorative ensembles be identified as artistic expressions typical for certain periods?
This approach will enable analyses of forms of decor and their dependencies on respective functional contexts in spatial, chronological and social terms.
The project is a pilot project for advancing new methods in substantial analyses of decorated spaces. At the same time, it provides a fundamental advancement of our understanding of the visual culture from the late Republic to the early Roman Empire.
|
[
"The Study of the Human Past",
"Studies of Cultures and Arts"
] |
10.1002/1873-3468.12285
|
Inherited Heart Disease What Can We Expect From The Second Decade Of Human Ips Cell Research
|
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were first generated 10 years ago. Their ability to differentiate into any somatic cell type of the body including cardiomyocytes has already made them a valuable resource for modelling cardiac disease and drug screening. Initially human iPSCs were used mostly to model known disease phenotypes; more recently, and despite a number of recognised shortcomings, they have proven valuable in providing fundamental insights into the mechanisms of inherited heart disease with unknown genetic cause using surprisingly small cohorts. In this review, we summarise the progress made with human iPSCs as cardiac disease models with special focus on the latest mechanistic insights and related challenges. Furthermore, we suggest emerging solutions that will likely move the field forward.
|
[
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
] |
W2125795584
|
PRESERVATION OF GIANT ANOMALOCARIDIDS IN SILICA-CHLORITE CONCRETIONS FROM THE EARLY ORDOVICIAN OF MOROCCO
|
The recently discovered Fezouata Biota, from the Early Ordovician (late Tremadocian to late Floian) of Morocco, preserves a diverse soft-bodied fauna. While preservation is mostly of Burgess Shale-type, giant anomalocaridids also occur in siliceous concretions. Petrographic and geochemical analyses of these concretions reveal their growth history and the circumstances that led to the fossilization of nonbiomineralized anatomy within them. The large ( .1 m) concretions are homogeneous in composition and geochemical characteristics, suggesting rapid, pervasive growth of mineral frameworks during decay of the large animals at, or near, the sediment-water interface. Concretions are comprised of ultrafine-grained (2–20 mm) authigenic quartz, Fe chlorite, and calcite, a composition unlike other described marine concretions. Abundant pyrite, now represented by oxide pseudomorphs, grew adjacent to the anomalocaridid carcasses, but rarely within the matrix of the concretions. This distribution indicates that sulfate reduction around the carcasses was vigorous within otherwise organic-poor sediments resulting in the establishment of prominent chemical gradients around the giant anomalocaridids that led to early precipitation of mineral overgrowth around nonbiomineralized tissues. Rapid precipitation of intergrown silica and Fe chlorite required an abundant source of silica, iron, and aluminum. These ions were likely derived from dissolution of volcanic ash in the sediments. Limited intergrown calcite (d 13C avg. 212.2%o ,n 5 23) precipitated from bicarbonate that was generated largely by sulfate reduction of organic tissues of the carcasses. Whereas Burgess Shale-type preservation of fossils in the Fezouata biota required suppression of degradation, exceptional preservation of anomalocaridids within the siliceous concretions resulted from extensive microbial decomposition of a large volume of organic tissues. Rapid mineralization was facilitated by localization of microbial activity around the large carcasses and must have required an unusually reactive sediment composition.
|
[
"Earth System Science"
] |
US 86154377 A
|
Bottom aquarium filter
|
A bottom aquarium filter for an aquarium tank which includes a container having an inlet compartment which can receive contaminated water from the tank, and a filtration compartment which converts the contaminated water into decontaminated water. The filtration compartment contains a mass of filtering material with a restraining plate positioned in the filtration compartment to restrain the filtering material within one section thereof while maintaining another section substantially free of such filtration material, thereby providing a flow chamber which couples the inlet compartment to the section containing the filtering material. An air diffuser, attached by tubing to an air compressor located outside the aquarium tank, provides a stream of air bubbles to lift water from the decontaminated water compartment through an air lift tube. In this manner, contaminated water from the tank enters into the inlet compartment and from there passes through the flow chamber into the section containing the filtering material where the contaminated water is substantially decontaminated. The water then leaves together with the air through an outlet in the air lift tube and back into the tank. The flow chamber is also provided with inlets for receiving contaminated water from the aquarium tank. The bottom wall of the filter is provided with a weighted member to prevent the filter from floating up from the bottom of the tank.
|
[
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
] |
10.1002/bies.201900164
|
Ancient Genomes Reveal Unexpected Horse Domestication and Management Dynamics
|
The horse was essential to past human societies but became a recreational animal during the twentieth century as the world became increasingly mechanized. As the author reviews here, recent studies of ancient genomes have revisited the understanding of horse domestication, from the very early stages to the most modern developments. They have uncovered several extinct lineages roaming the far ends of Eurasia some 4000 years ago. They have shown that the domestic horse has been significantly reshaped during the last millennium and experienced a sharp decline in genetic diversity within the last two centuries. At a time when no truly wild horses exist any longer, this calls for enhanced conservation in all endangered populations. These include the Przewalski's horse native to Mongolia, and the many local breeds side-lined by the modern agenda, but yet representing the living heritage of over five millennia of horse breeding.
|
[
"The Study of the Human Past",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
] |
10.1007/s11103-008-9393-6
|
Hormone interactions at the root apical meristem
|
Plants exhibit an amazing developmental flexibility. Plant embryogenesis results in the establishment of a simple apical-basal axis represented by apical shoot and basal root meristems. Later, during postembryonic growth, shaping of the plant body continues by the formation and activation of numerous adjacent meristems that give rise to lateral shoot branches, leaves, flowers, or lateral roots. This developmental plasticity reflects an important feature of the plant's life strategy based on the rapid reaction to different environmental stimuli, such as temperature fluctuations, availability of nutrients, light or water and response resulting in modulation of developmental programs. Plant hormones are important endogenous factors for the integration of these environmental inputs and regulation of plant development. After a period of studies focused primarily on single hormonal pathways that enabled us to understand the hormone perception and signal transduction mechanisms, it became obvious that the developmental output mediated by a single hormonal pathway is largely modified through a whole network of interactions with other hormonal pathways. In this review, we will summarize recent knowledge on hormonal networks that regulate the development and growth of root with focus on the hormonal interactions that shape the root apical meristem.
|
[
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
] |
10.1017/S1062798714000374
|
A Quilt Of Memory The Shoah As A Prism In The Testimonies Of Survivors Of The Dictatorship In Argentina
|
This paper analyses testimonies of survivors of the detention camps operated by the last military dictatorship in Argentina, with special attention to the functions served by the referencing of testimonies of the Shoah (above all in Ese infierno, a collective testimony by five women in dialogue form). The intertextuality herein assumes different functions in the shaping of discourses and representations, whether in the form of a quotation, an epigraph, a metaphor, an endeavour to legitimise what is being said, a comparison, or an effort to incorporate one’s own experience into a narrative of the catastrophe already so well known in human history.
|
[
"The Study of the Human Past",
"Texts and Concepts"
] |
10.1051/0004-6361/201526026
|
Alma View Of The Circumstellar Environment Of The Post Common Envelope Evolution Binary System Hd 101584
|
Aims. We study the circumstellar evolution of the binary HD 101584, consisting of a post-AGB star and a low-mass companion, which is most likely a post-common-envelope-evolution system. Methods. We used ALMA observations of the (CO)-C-12, (CO)-C-13, and (CO)-O-18 J = 2-1 lines and the 1. 3 mm continuum to determine the morphology, kinematics, masses, and energetics of the circumstellar environment. Results. The circumstellar medium has a bipolar hour-glass structure, seen almost pole-on, formed by an energetic jet, approximate to 150 km s(-1). We conjecture that the circumstellar morphology is related to an event that took place approximate to 500 yr ago, possibly a capture event where the companion spiraled in towards the AGB star. However, the kinetic energy of the accelerated gas exceeds the released orbital energy, and, taking into account the expected energy transfer efficiency of the process, the observed phenomenon does not match current common-envelope scenarios. This suggests that another process must augment, or even dominate, the ejection process. A significant amount of material resides in an unresolved region, presumably in the equatorial plane of the binary system.
|
[
"Universe Sciences"
] |
W2015994741
|
How high growth economies impact global information technology departments
|
By the very nature of information technology (IT), change and dynamism have always been significant drivers on its path to further development—and it has traditionally been the Western countries leading these. Now the picture is changing. The new high growth economies of the world (also known as BRIC countries) are increasingly pressing forward as active IT development drivers. Internal IT organizations of international companies are experiencing these global shifts firsthand and are facing changes in their traditional roles. This exploratory research is aimed at clarifying the context of the impact of high growth economies on such IT departments of Western-rooted enterprises. Forty-six interviews were conducted with IT managers, HR managers and expatriates emphasizing the importance of intercultural interaction, maturing IT economies, change in IT landscape and entrepreneurship.
|
[
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
] |
10.1146/annurev-cellbio-111315-125341
|
Focal Adhesion-Independent Cell Migration
|
Cell migration is central to a multitude of physiological processes, including embryonic development, immune surveillance, and wound healing, and deregulated migration is key to cancer dissemination. Decades of investigations have uncovered many of the molecular and physical mechanisms underlying cell migration. Together with protrusion extension and cell body retraction, adhesion to the substrate via specific focal adhesion points has long been considered an essential step in cell migration. Although this is true for cells moving on two-dimensional substrates, recent studies have demonstrated that focal adhesions are not required for cells moving in three dimensions, in which confinement is sufficient to maintain a cell in contact with its substrate. Here, we review the investigations that have led to challenging the requirement of specific adhesions for migration, discuss the physical mechanisms proposed for cell body translocation during focal adhesion-independent migration, and highlight the remaining open questions for the future.
|
[
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
] |
EP 22833157 A
|
ELECTROLYTIC DEVICE
|
An electrolytic device includes: an electrolytic tank; an ion exchange membrane configured to partition the electrolytic tank into a cathode chamber and an anode chamber; a catholyte supply unit configured to supply an electrolytic solution serving as a catholyte to the cathode chamber; a catholyte discharge unit configured to discharge the catholyte from the cathode chamber; an anolyte supply unit configured to supply an electrolytic solution serving as an anolyte to the anode chamber; an anolyte discharge unit configured to discharge the anolyte from the anode chamber; a cathode provided on a surface of the ion exchange membrane on the cathode chamber side; an anode provided on a surface of the ion exchange membrane on the anode chamber side; a cathode side power feeder provided in the cathode chamber and configured to supply electric power to the cathode; and an anode side power feeder provided in the anode chamber and configured to supply electric power to the anode. A pH of the catholyte is lower than a pH of the anolyte.
|
[
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
] |
10.1137/15M1051567
|
Coupling Rate Independent And Rate Dependent Processes Existence Results
|
We address the analysis of an abstract system coupling a rate-independent process with a rate-dependent nonlinear evolution equation. We propose suitable weak solution concepts and obtain existence results by passing to the limit in carefully devised time-discretization schemes. Our arguments combine techniques from the theory of gradient systems with the toolbox for rate-independent evolution, thus reflecting the mixed character of the problem. Finally, we discuss applications to a class of rate-independent processes in viscoelastic solids with inertia, and to a recently proposed model for damage with plasticity.
|
[
"Mathematics",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
] |
3742532
|
Farmer clusters for realising agrobiodiversity management across ecosystems
|
FRAMEwork is constructed based on the Farmer Cluster approach successfully implemented in the UK. FRAMEWORK will enrich and innovate existing Farmer Clusters by liaising with local and (inter)national stakeholder groups, and set up new, multi-actor, Farmer Clusters in different cropping systems in Europe, based on existing collaborations. The Farmer Clusters will be united in a European-wide self-sustaining network and linked with the Citizen Observatory and Information Hub that will facilitate farmer and citizen-based collection and sharing of harmonised, high-quality information on biodiversity and farming, and develop engaging online and offline activities to amplify awareness and understanding of biodiversity and BSF across different stakeholders in Europe. The scientific contribution to these citizen-based activities will deliver the following outcomes: 1) Advanced ecological understanding of the drivers of biodiversity change in agricultural landscapes; 2) a selection of best-practice biodiversity-sensitive management by farmers based on their local requirement; 3) validated methods for biodiversity targeting, monitoring and evaluation and 4) private and public incentives to foster biodiversity-sensitive farming as a public good. Furthermore, FRAMEwork will assess the effectiveness of the Farmer Cluster approach to develop and implement place and system-specific biodiversity-sensitive farming practices and evaluate the economic and environmental performance, delivering a permanent on-line evaluation tool on the Citizen Observatory and Information Hub. The TRL of the DSTs ranges from 3-5, where improvements are foreseen for the TRL5 DST, while the ones at TRL3 will be brought to TRL4-5 through testing and improvements in the Farmers Clusters. FRAMEwork will be innovative in the way in which it will implement EU ethics, data protection and gender regulations.
|
[
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
] |
W2211720533
|
Innovative system to determine hidden cost of poor quality to enhance labor productivity and profitability for construction entrepreneurs, a case study
|
Cost of Poor Quality (COPQ) would not have been expended if the job is done right the first time. Some researchers claim that COPQ ranging between 22 to 32% of total revenues remains hidden and project managers fail to initiate corrective actions. COPQ is an un-necessary burden; it reduces productivity and profitability. Therefore, an innovative system is required to identify and measure COPQ at construction projects to initiate prompt corrective actions. The researchers innovated a COPQ system and tested on a public sector construction project to find its effectiveness in reducing COPQ and enhancing labor productivity and profitability. After the sixty-days study project the COPQ reduced from 40.43% to 16.65%, labor productivity improved by 16.88% and profitability increased by 10.45%. This study validated the COPQ system for use on construction projects to bring continuous improvement in labor productivity and profitability of construction companies.
|
[
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
] |
802553
|
Contentotopic mapping: the topographical organization of object knowledge in the brain
|
Our ability to recognize an object amongst many others is one of the most important features of the human mind. However, object recognition requires tremendous computational effort, as we need to solve a complex and recursive environment with ease and proficiency. This challenging feat is dependent on the implementation of an effective organization of knowledge in the brain. In ContentMAP I will put forth a novel understanding of how object knowledge is organized in the brain, by proposing that this knowledge is topographically laid out in the cortical surface according to object-related dimensions that code for different types of representational content – I will call this contentotopic mapping. To study this fine-grain topography, I will use a combination of fMRI, behavioral, and neuromodulation approaches. I will first obtain patterns of neural and cognitive similarity between objects, and from these extract object-related dimensions using a dimensionality reduction technique. I will then parametrically manipulate these dimensions with an innovative use of a visual field mapping technique, and test how functional selectivity changes across the cortical surface according to an object’s score on a target dimension. Moreover, I will test the tuning function of these contentotopic maps. Finally, to mirror the complexity of implementing a high-dimensional manifold onto a 2D cortical sheet, I will aggregate the topographies for the different dimensions into a composite map, and develop an encoding model to predict neural signatures for each object. To sum up, ContentMAP will have a dramatic impact in the cognitive sciences by describing how the stuff of concepts is represented in the brain, and providing a complete description of how fine-grain representations and functional selectivity within high-level complex processes are topographically implemented.
|
[
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
] |
216495
|
Management of networked iot wearables – very large scale demonstration of cultural societal applications
|
The SoundCity Project MONICA aims to provide a very large scale demonstration of multiple existing and new Internet of Things technologies for Smarter Living. The solution will be deployed in 6 major cities in Europe.
MONICA demonstrates a large scale IoT ecosystem that uses innovative wearable and portable IoT sensors and actuators with closed-loop back-end services integrated into an interoperable, cloud-based platform capable of offering a multitude of simultaneous, targeted applications.
All ecosystems will be demonstrated in the scope of large scale city events, but have general applicability for dynamically deploying Smart City applications in many fixed locations such as airports, main traffic arterials, and construction sites. Moreover, it is inherent in the MONICA approach to identify the official standardisation potential areas in all stages of the project.
MONICA will demonstrate an IoT platform in massive scale operating conditions; capable of handling at least 10.000 simultaneous real end-users with wearable and portable sensors using existing and emerging technologies (TRL 5-6) and based upon open standards and architectures.
It will design, develop and deploy a platform capable of integrating large amounts of heterogeneous, interoperable IoT enabled sensors with different data capabilities (video, audio, data), resource constraints (wearables, Smartphones, Smartwatches), bandwidth (UWB, M2M), costs (professional, consumer), and deployment (wearable, mobile, fixed, airborne) as well as actuators (lights, LED, cameras, alarms, drones, loudspeakers).
It will demo end-to-end, closed loop solutions covering everything from devices and middleware with semantic annotations through a multitude of wireless communication channels to cloud based applications and back to actuation networks. Humans-in-the-Loop is demonstrated through integrating Situational Awareness and Decision Support tools for organisers, security staff and sound engineers situation rooms.
|
[
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
] |
10.1038/onc.2011.587
|
Deubiquitination of EGFR by Cezanne-1 contributes to cancer progression
|
Once stimulated, the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) undergoes self-phosphorylation, which, on the one hand, instigates signaling cascades, and on the other hand, recruits CBL ubiquitin ligases, which mark EGFRs for degradation. Using RNA interference screens, we identified a deubiquitinating enzyme, Cezanne-1, that opposes receptor degradation and enhances EGFR signaling. These functions require the catalytic-and ubiquitin-binding domains of Cezanne-1, and they involve physical interactions and transphosphorylation of Cezanne-1 by EGFR. In line with the ability of Cezanne-1 to augment EGF-induced growth and migration signals, the enzyme is overexpressed in breast cancer. Congruently, the corresponding gene is amplified in approximately one third of mammary tumors, and high transcript levels predict an aggressive disease course. In conclusion, deubiquitination by Cezanne-1 curtails degradation of growth factor receptors, thereby promotes oncogenic growth signals.
|
[
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
] |
interreg_116
|
Adriatic-Ionian Network of Authentic Villages
|
The territories involved in ADRIONET are filled with small authentic villages, often situated in remarkably beautiful locations, including fluvial basins, mountains, hills, rural peripheral or marginal areas, in certain cases at risk of depopulation and abandonment, due to spatial territorial development models characterized by intense urbanization and socio-economic polarization.
These villages represent an asset of primary social, cultural and environmental relevance, a deposit of local micro-histories and identities, productive knowhow, food traditions and so on, that should be more clearly and intensively involved in regional strategies and actions of preservation and valorisation, through models of sustainable settlement that enhance existing cultural and natural heritage (and related landscapes).
Main project change is to overcome current marginalization, fragmentation and under-valorisation of these territories by setting up a Transnational Network of “Authentic Villages”, aimed at promoting a preservation of natural and cultural assets by pursuing a development based on social, environmental and economical sustainability, with at the centre the quality of life and wellness of local populations, as pre-condition for a pervasive care of landscapes concerned as well as of attraction and satisfaction of visitors.
All this will be integrated in the innovative concept of “hospitable community”, in which a community itself takes over the role of engine of local development and of organizer, around its resources and values, of a diffused hospitality.
To achieve this, a Transnational Action Plan is designed as a roadmap and models for setting up “authentic villages” are defined.
Pilot Actions will test common solutions of territorial enhancement based on “authentic village” models.
Transnational cooperation will enable small scattered villages of the ADRION region to be networked and assume transnational visibility.
|
[
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space",
"Studies of Cultures and Arts",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
] |
EP 2006000438 W
|
SLEEVE FOR PRE-ASSEMBLY OF A FLAT GASKET ON A MACHINE COMPONENT
|
Sleeve for pre-assembly of a flat gasket on a sealing surface of a machine component having a hole for insertion of the sleeve therein, the flat gasket having a hole for passage of the sleeve therethrough, and the one, first end area of the sleeve being elastically compressible in order to reduce its outer diameter; in order to make pre-assembly of a flat gasket on a machine component as simple as possible, the sleeve has stops on the outer circumference of its first end area, which act in both directions of the sleeve axis to hold the sleeve on the gasket plate in an axial position predetermined by the stops, and the sleeve is also of such configuration at its outer circumference that insertion of the sleeve in the hole of the machine component results in a frictionally engaged and/or positively locked connection between the machine component and the sleeve.
|
[
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
] |
10.1097/HCO.0000000000000162
|
Therapeutic Applications Of Noncoding Rnas
|
Purpose of review In this review, we summarize the basic principles underlying the therapeutic use of nonprotein coding (nc)RNAs, such as microRNA (miRNA) and long noncoding RNA, in the cardiovascular field, focusing, where possible, on recent advances that may lead to translation to the clinic for heart failure. Recent findings The number of individual miRNAs associated with a given aspect of heart disease is increasing rapidly, as is the data on miRNA profiles in normal and diseased myocardium. Less is known on the role of long noncoding RNA, and to date only a few have been studied in the heart. Novel oligonucleotide-based therapies have started to trickle into the clinic, but strategies focusing on ncRNA are still in a clinical/preclinical trial phase. Summary The discovery of functional ncRNAs is leading to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying cardiovascular physiology. Dysregulation of ncRNAs is being increasingly associated with many diseases affecting the heart and in certain instances may have a pathogenic role. Therapeutic intervention aimed at opposing ncRNA misexpression has been widely demonstrated to be effective in blunting disease in animal models, and may thus have potential in the clinical setting.
|
[
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
] |
10.1016/j.matlet.2017.06.096
|
Melt electrospinning writing of defined scaffolds using polylactide-poly(ethylene glycol) blends with 45S5 bioactive glass particles
|
Advances in Tissue Engineering (TE) demand strategies to apply new biomaterials and processing technologies. In this context, especially computer aided additive manufacturing (AM) has turned out as a promising tool to tailor scaffold architectures with high precision. However, there is currently a lack of appropriate AM methods, since the majority face serious drawbacks regarding printing accuracy and speed, as well as limitations regarding the range of applicable biomaterials. Here, we present the simple AM processing of poly(lactide-block-ethylene glycol-block-lactide) (PLA-PEG-PLA) triblock copolymers via melt electrospinning writing (MEW). Furthermore, we demonstrate the accurate deposition of fibers (fØ = 31 ± 2 µm) made of copolymer blends with low-molecular PLA incorporating solid 45S5 bioactive glass (BG) particles. Thus, we introduce MEW for the printing of highly porous, particle loaded scaffolds with micron-sized composite fibers with potential application in bone TE.
|
[
"Materials Engineering",
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
] |
interreg_760
|
COOPERATION TO UPGRADE TOURISM AND REGIONAL PRODUCTS
|
COTOUR is seeking to inject some strategic thinking into European regions’ promotion of tourism. All of the regions involved in the operation are quite capable of making plans to promote tourism, but they rarely consider it as an integrated tool for regional development. And as they have limited knowledge of projects carried out by other European regions, they lack successful examples of how tourism can become such a tool. The partners also need to develop coherent plans for involving local partners such as SMEs and local authorities in their tourism strategies. COTOUR is creating a strategy that strengthens tourism as a tool for regional development. It is also training regional facilitators who can implement this strategy and improve tourism by developing regional products or other distinctive activities. Finally, it is creating a communications plan enabling the partners to promote their tourism development strategies effectively to other regional players.
|
[
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
] |
10.1088/1367-2630/17/11/113023
|
Sub Laser Cycle Control Of Coupled Electron Nuclear Dynamics At A Conical Intersection
|
This work has been financially supported by the ERA-Chemistry Project PIM2010EEC-00751, DFG SM 292/3-1, the EU FP7 Marie Curie ITN CORINF, the EPSRC Programme Grant No. EP/I032517/1, the European Research Council Advanced Grant No. XCHEM 290853, the MINECO projects FIS2013-42002-R and CTQ2012-35513-C02, a MINECO FPU grant (LMF), the European COST Action XLIC CM1204, and the CAM project NANOFRONTMAG, which are gratefully acknowledged. We also acknowledge allocation of computer time from Mare Nostrum BSC and CCC-UAM
|
[
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
] |
interreg_2145
|
Metropolitan Agriculture for Developing an innovative, sustainable and Responsible Economy
|
According to the FAO, a paradigm shift in both urban and agriculture development, planning and policy formulation is required in order to ensure access to urban food security, improved environmental management and enhanced rural-urban linkages. Although recognized as a major lever of eco-innovation for metropolis' sustainability and competitiveness, metropolitan and periurban agriculture (MPA) still suffers from a "mainstreaming gap", remaining overlooked by policy makers, academic research and the general public. As a result, the environmental price of food is an invisible but nonetheless major burden for cities. The MADRE project aims to meet this challenge : supply MPA with key players (from the quadruple helix) and create a transnational cooperation in the MED aerea. Aiming at fostering a change process in the metropolitan food supply model, the project will capitalize on the wide set of academic knowledge, pilot actions and policies, networks and transnational cooperations in order to allow MPA reaching a critical level in the MED area. Indepth assessment of available material will provide the baseline for an empowerment of MPA stakeholders and then to a formal committment to initiate a transnational clustering processs. Such a capitalization process will involve a multidisciplinary, pluralistic and multilevel partnership from 4 different MED countries (Spain, France, Italy, Greece) and Albania (IPA), each partner representing a flagsghip metropolitan area.
|
[
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
] |
281271
|
Stress signaling mechanisms in metabolism and inflammation and related disorders
|
Protein kinases represent key signal transduction components transferring signals to their effectors by phosphorylation. Among other important functions, MAPK-dependent signal transduction is principally required to control inflammation and metabolism in vertebrates. However, chronic MAPK signaling in response to environmental stress contributes to the development of metabolic and inflammatory diseases.
While most studies investigated functions of p38α of the p38 MAPK family, we have recently identified first non-redundant in vivo functions for p38δ. We found that p38δ regulates glucose homeostasis by controlling insulin secretion from pancreatic β cells and more recently that p38δ is pivotal in regulation of neutrophil-mediated inflammation. At the molecular level, both functions are dependent on Protein Kinase D1 (PKD1) activity, the latter of which, we identified as a direct and negatively regulated target of p38δ. Overall, our recent work describes a new signaling axis that may be important in diabetes mellitus and inflammatory diseases, respectively.
The future core activity of my laboratory is directed towards elucidation of particular roles of p38δ and PKD1 downstream targets in neutrophils and β cells. We also aim at finding common upstream signaling mechanisms that converge in p38δ-PKD1 signaling. Finally, we will explore newly discovered potential metabolic processes that are regulated by this signaling module. This biased research will be complemented by a more comprehensive proteomic screening approach in liver focusing on basic metabolic adaption in response to fasting and feeding. While, protein phosphorylation is widely explored in this context, we will globally screen for ubiquitination of proteins that recently emerged as a key event in cellular signaling.
Our work will hopefully lead to the discovery of novel and important cellular and molecular mechanisms in metabolism and inflammation with relevant implications in related human disorders.
|
[
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy"
] |
W2053198861
|
Study of creep relaxation under combined mechanical and residual stresses
|
Abstract In this work the elastic and elastic–plastic creep behaviour of cracked structures in the presence of residual stress has been studied numerically. The residual stress is introduced by prior mechanical loading and mechanical stress levels are varied to evaluate the transient crack tip parameter, C(t), in single edge notch bend, SEN (B), and tension, SEN (T), specimens, using the finite-element (FE) method. The near tip stress distributions are examined and the influence of residual stress on the evolution of the stress fields, quantified by C(t), is examined. The values of C(t) obtained from the FE analysis are compared to existing analytical solutions. It has been found that the transient C(t) value provides an accurate characterisation of the crack tip fields under combined primary and secondary stress. It has also been found that the level of conservatism of current C(t) estimation schemes, which account for primary and secondary stress, depends on material properties and the level of primary and secondary stress.
|
[
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
] |
280632
|
Sex-specific genetic effects on fitness and human disease
|
Darwin’s theory of natural selection rests on the principle that fitness variation in natural populations has a heritable component, on which selection acts, thereby leading to evolutionary change. A fundamental and so far unresolved question for the field of evolutionary biology is to identify the genetic loci responsible for this fitness variation, thereby coming closer to an understanding of how variation is maintained in the face of continual selection. One important complicating factor in the search for fitness related genes however is the existence of separate sexes – theoretical expectations and empirical data both suggest that sexually antagonistic genes are common. The phrase “two sexes, one genome” nicely sums up the problem; selection may favour alleles in one sex, even if they have detrimental effects on the fitness of the opposite sex, since it is their net effect across both sexes that determine the likelihood that alleles persist in a population. This theoretical framework raises an interesting, and so far entirely unexplored issue: that in one sex the functional performance of some alleles is predicted to be compromised and this effect may account for some common human diseases and conditions which show genotype-sex interactions. I propose to explore the genetic basis of sex-specific fitness in a model organism in both laboratory and natural conditions and to test whether those genes identified as having sexually antagonistic effects can help explain the incidence of human diseases that display sexual dimorphism in prevalence, age of onset or severity. This multidisciplinary project directly addresses some fundamental unresolved questions in evolutionary biology: the genetic basis and maintenance of fitness variation; the evolution of sexual dimorphism; and aims to provide novel insights into the genetic basis of some common human diseases.
|
[
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
] |
10.12688/f1000research.11561.2
|
The advantage of channeling nucleotides for very processive functions
|
Nucleoside triphosphate (NTP)s, like ATP (adenosine 5’-triphosphate) and GTP (guanosine 5’-triphosphate), have long been considered sufficiently concentrated and diffusible to fuel all cellular ATPases (adenosine triphosphatases) and GTPases (guanosine triphosphatases) in an energetically healthy cell without becoming limiting for function. However, increasing evidence for the importance of local ATP and GTP pools, synthesised in close proximity to ATP- or GTP-consuming reactions, has fundamentally challenged our view of energy metabolism. It has become evident that cellular energy metabolism occurs in many specialised ‘microcompartments’, where energy in the form of NTPs is transferred preferentially from NTP-generating modules directly to NTP-consuming modules. Such energy channeling occurs when diffusion through the cytosol is limited, where these modules are physically close and, in particular, if the NTP-consuming reaction has a very high turnover,i. e. is very processive. Here, we summarise the evidence for these conclusions and describe new insights into the physiological importance and molecular mechanisms of energy channeling gained from recent studies. In particular, we describe the role of glycolytic enzymes for axonal vesicle transport and nucleoside diphosphate kinases for the functions of dynamins and dynamin-related GTPases.
|
[
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
] |
10.1051/0004-6361/201424996
|
Physical Properties Of Z 4 Submillimeter Galaxies In The Cosmos Field
|
We investigate the physical properties of a sample of six submillimeter galaxies (SMGs) in the COSMOS field, spectroscopically confirmed to lie at redshifts z \textgreater 4. While the redshifts for four of these SMGs were previously known, we present here two newly discovered z(spec) \textgreater 4 SMGs. For our analysis we employ the rich (X-ray to radio) COSMOS multi-wavelength datasets. In particular, we use new data from the Giant Meterwave Radio Telescope (GMRT) 325 MHz and 3 GHz Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) to probe the rest-frame 1. 4 GHz emission at z = 4, and to estimate the sizes of the star formation regions of these sources, respectively. We find that only one SMG is clearly resolved at a resolution of 0. ” 6 x 0. ” 7 at 3 GHz, two may be marginally resolved, while the remaining three SMGs are unresolved at this resolution. Combining this with sizes from high-resolution (sub-) mm observations available in the literature for AzTEC 1 and AzTEC 3 we infer a median radio-emitting size for our z \textgreater 4 SMGs of (0. ” 63 +/- 0. ” 12) x (0. ” 35 +/- 0. ” 05) or 4. 1 x 2. 3 kpc(2) (major x minor axis; assuming z = 4. 5) or lower if we take the two marginally resolved SMGs as unresolved. This is consistent with the sizes of star formation regions in lower-redshift SMGs, and local normal galaxies, yet higher than the sizes of star formation regions of local ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs). Our SMG sample consists of a fair mix of compact and more clumpy systems with multiple, perhaps merging, components. With an average formation time of similar to 280 Myr, as derived through modeling of the UV IR spectral energy distributions, the studied SMGs are young systems. The average stellar mass, dust temperature, and IR luminosity we derive are M-star similar to 1. 4 x 10(11) M-circle dot, T-dust similar to 43 K, and L-IR similar to 1. 3 x 10(13) L-circle dot, respectively. The average L-IR is up to an order of magnitude higher than for SMGs at lower redshifts. Our SMGs follow the correlation between dust temperature and IR luminosity as derived for Herschel-selected 0. 1 \textless z \textless 2 galaxies. We study the IR-radio correlation for our sources and find a deviation from that derived for z \textless 3 ULIRGs (\textless q(IR)\textgreater = 1. 95 +/- 0. 26 for our sample, compared to q approximate to 2. 6 for IR luminous galaxies at z \textless 2). In summary, we find that the physical properties derived for our z \textgreater 4 SMGs put them at the high end of the L-IR-T-dust distribution of SMGs, and that our SMGs form a morphologically heterogeneous sample. Thus, additional in-depth analyses of large, statistical samples of high-redshift SMGs are needed to fully understand their role in galaxy formation and evolution.
|
[
"Universe Sciences"
] |
639052
|
Flexible nanowire devices for energy harvesting
|
The goal of NanoHarvest is to explore novel solutions for flexible photovoltaic and piezoelectric converters enabled by semiconductor nanowires. The first objective is to demonstrate an innovative concept of flexible solar cells based on free-standing polymer-embedded nanowires which can be applied to almost any supporting material such as plastic, metal foil or even fabrics. The second objective it to develop high-efficiency flexible and compact piezo-generators based on ordered arrays of nanowire heterostructures. The crucial ingredient - and also the common basis - of the two proposed research axes are the advanced nanowire heterostructures: we will develop nanowires with new control-by-design functionalities by engineering their structure at the nanoscale. The main focus of NanoHarvest will be on the III-nitride semiconductors, which are characterized by a strong piezoelectric response and have also demonstrated their ability for efficient photon harvesting in the blue and green parts of the solar spectrum. Our strategy is to address the physical mechanisms governing the energy conversion from the single nanowire level up to the macroscopic device level. The deep understanding gained at the nanoscale will guide the optimization of the device architecture, of the material growth and of the fabrication process. We will make use of Molecular Beam Epitaxy to achieve ultimate control over the nanowire morphology and composition and to produce control-by-design model systems for fundamental studies and for exploration of device physics. The original transfer procedure of the ordered nanowire arrays onto flexible substrates will enable lightweight flexible devices with ultimate performance, which will serve as energy harvesters for nomad applications.
|
[
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
] |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.