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http://www.enzb.auckland.ac.nz/document/?wid=1800&page=1&action=null

A Maori Legend [RUATAPU]

["A Maori Legend [RUATAPU]\nRUATAPU was one of the sons of Ouenuku the Great, 1 by his wife Paimahutanga. This young chieftain was very forward, and in order to check this rising propensity, his father said to him one day, \"It is not becoming of you to go up to your elder brother's house; you are a son of low condition;\" an allusion, most probably, to his mother, who was a person of inferior rank. This saying sank into the heart of Ruatapu, and he determined to punish his father in the destruction of some of the fairest of his people", "A Maori Legend [RUATAPU]\nHe therefore ordered a canoe to be made, which he named \"Huripureiata,\" and when ready for sea, he invited the sons of the neighbouring chiefs, to the number of one hundred and forty to accompany him on a visit to some distant isle. Before the party put to sea, Ruatapu dexterously contrived to put a hole in the bottom of the canoe, which he covered, with one of his feet", "A Maori Legend [RUATAPU]\nWhen they had paddled a long time, and were far from land, Ruatapu removed his foot, and allowed the water to rush into the canoe, which immediately swamped, and all on board perished, except a chief named Paikea, who was endowed with supernatural power, and changed himself into a fish. In this, his new form, he swam for many days, crossed the Great Ocean, and landed at a place near the Great Barrier", "A Maori Legend [RUATAPU]\nHaving gained the shore in good spirits, he resumed his human form, and fixed his residence on the eastern shore of New Zealand. Some of the surrounding tribes claim this extraordinary being as their ancestor, and proudly quote the proverb:--", "A Maori Legend [RUATAPU]\n\"How wondrous was the work of Paikea, the man who transformed himself into a fish.\"\n1 Ouenuku--a Maori deity, whose residence is said to he in the red clouds which sometimes adorn the eastern and western sky; supposed also to inhabit the rainbow. Many ancient chiefs took this appellation. Another name was attached, however, to distinguish these great personages, as Ouenuku-nui, Ouenuku-kuare, Ouenuku-tuwhatu, &c."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://ronankeatingnews.com/biography

Ronan Keating - Biography

["Ronan Keating - Biography\nRonan's Tattoos\nRonan Patrick John Keating was born in Dublin on March 3rd, 1977 as the youngest of five children to Gerry and Marie Keating, and grew up in a working class environment on Dublin's northside. He has three brothers (Gerard, Ciaran and Gary) and sister Linda. One of the things he always says about his childhood is that there was music playing in the house all the time, and his older siblings introduced little Ronan to many artists he still admires today.", "Ronan Keating - Biography\nHe says of himself that he hated school, but enjoyed English. From a young age, he was into sports and music - he was a successful short-distance runner aiming for a career in athletics, and he also sang in bands that he formed with school mates.", "Ronan Keating - Biography\nRonan left school at 16 to join Irish boyband Boyzone, and his distinctive voice and great charisma and potential soon made it obvious that he was going to make it big. His career took off when he was asked to record the song When you say nothing at all for the soundtrack to the movie Notting Hill in 1999. The single went straight to number one in the UK that summer and hit the top of the charts in numerous other countries around the world", "Ronan Keating - Biography\nWith things going so well, Ronan recorded his self-titled debut solo album the following year. To date, Ronan has released nine studio albums and a singles compilation.", "Ronan Keating - Biography\nRonan says that the best part of his job is performing live. He has always refused to mime on TV shows, where he is often praised for his professionalism. But it isn't until people see him in concert that they realise just how good a performer he is. He connects to any audience within minutes and has a remarkable stage presence. He is also one of those artists that sound just as good live as they do on CD, if not better.", "Ronan Keating - Biography\nRonan lost his mother to breast cancer in early 1998, and ever since he has been heavily involved in charity work. His family set up the Marie Keating Foundation after their mum's death in order to educate Ireland's population about cancer, as well as increase awareness and prevention. Ronan also actively supports Cancer Research UK and has done extensive fundraising for them.", "Ronan Keating - Biography\nRonan married Yvonne Connolly in April 1998 and the couple had three children together - Jack (1999), Marie (nicknamed Missy, 2001) and Ali (2005). Sadly, their marriage ended in 2012, when Ronan and Yvonne failed to patch things up after Ronan's affair with a dancer. Although he clearly made a massive mistake, the way some of the British and Irish media portrayed him was anything but fair", "Ronan Keating - Biography\nAnyone who hears Ronan talk about the matter will understand that he is not proud of his actions, and seriously struggled in the aftermath. Today, Ronan is in a relationship with Australian TV producer Storm Uechtritz, with whom he currently lives in London. He also spends a substantial amount of time in Dublin to see his children, and since 2010 has spent a few months each year in Sydney to work as a judge on The X Factor."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.catholicbusinessjournal.com/voices/columns/fr-george-w-rutler/pope-saint-clement-of-rome/

Pope Saint Clement of Rome

["Pope Saint Clement of Rome\nPope Saint Clement of Rome\nOn the day after Thanksgiving, the Church rejoices in the intercessions of Pope Saint Clement of Rome. New Yorkers have a special reason to think of him, two millennia later.", "Pope Saint Clement of Rome\nClement probably was made a bishop by Saint Peter himself and became the fourth Bishop of Rome after Linus and Cletus. He was the first after Saint Peter to leave a written record. Like Saint Paul, he wrote to the Christians in Corinth, leaving us a clear exposition of the early church structure of Holy Orders, with bishops and priests and deacons.", "Pope Saint Clement of Rome\nThe emperor Trajan exiled Clement and sentenced him to death. Tied to an anchor and tossed off a boat, his body was delivered to Rome several centuries later, still with its anchor, by Saint Cyril of Egypt. About a dozen years after Clement\u2019s martyrdom, Trajan commiserated with the governor of Bithynia in northern Turkey, Pliny the Younger, about how to better control the Christians:", "Pope Saint Clement of Rome\n\u201cYou observed proper procedure, my dear Pliny, in sifting the cases of those who had been denounced to you as Christians. For it is not possible to lay down any general rule to serve as a kind of fixed standard", "Pope Saint Clement of Rome\nThey are not to be sought out; if they are denounced and proved guilty, they are to be punished, with this reservation, that whoever denies that he is a Christian and really proves it\u2014that is, by worshiping our gods\u2014even though he was under suspicion in the past, shall obtain pardon through repentance. But anonymously posted accusations ought to have no place in any prosecution. For this is both a dangerous kind of precedent and out of keeping with the spirit of our age.\u201d", "Pope Saint Clement of Rome\nThe foundations of the present church of Saint Clement in Rome are a timeline of the progress of the Faith. The lowest chamber was a second-century shrine for the dark and mysterious cult of Mithras, dear to soldiers. Above that is a secret fourth-century house church. The present upper church was completed before 1100", "Pope Saint Clement of Rome\nIt contains the relics of Saint Cyril who, along with his brother Saint Methodius, evangelized the Slavs and created the Glagolitic alphabet, precedent to the Cyrillic script that Russians still use.", "Pope Saint Clement of Rome\nIn the eighteenth century, the church and its friary were given to Irish Dominicans, one of whom, Father Richard Concanen became the first bishop of New York, but never left Italy because of a Napoleonic blockade. Another Dominican from Saint Clement\u2019s, Father John Connolly, became the first resident bishop of New York, whose diocese covered all of the state and part of New Jersey, with just three churches and four priests. He traveled more than one thousand miles on horseback, ministering to his flock.", "Pope Saint Clement of Rome\nIf the bones of Saint Clement could speak, they\u2019d explain perfectly well why these New Yorkers were bishops and what they were doing in the name of Christ."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.madridacademyofart.com/blog/raffaello-sanzio

Raffaello Sanzio: An Exploration of the Life and Work of the High Renaissance Master

["Raffaello Sanzio: An Exploration of the Life and Work of the High Renaissance Master\nRenaissance Painter Michelangelo Leonardo da Vinci Raffaello Sanzio High Renaissance Architect\nThe Art of Raffaello Sanzio: An Exploration of His Life and Work\nBy MAAD Team", "Raffaello Sanzio: An Exploration of the Life and Work of the High Renaissance Master\nRaffaello Sanzio (April 6, 1483 \u2013 April 6, 1520) was an Italian painter and architect of the High Renaissance. His work is admired for its clarity of form, ease of composition, and visual achievement of the Neoplatonic ideal of human grandeur. Together with Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci, he forms the traditional trinity of great masters of that period.", "Raffaello Sanzio: An Exploration of the Life and Work of the High Renaissance Master\nRaffaello was born in the small town of Urbino, in the Marche region of central Italy. His father, Giovanni Santi, was an artist and poet of some renown. His mother, Magia di Battista Ciarla, was a gentlewoman from the same family of Urbino's ruling family, the Della Rovere.", "Raffaello Sanzio: An Exploration of the Life and Work of the High Renaissance Master\nRaffaello's father died when he was only 11 years old, and his mother soon after. He moved to Florence to live with his uncle Bartolommeo, who was a respected painter and teacher. Under his guidance, Raffaello quickly developed his skills as a painter, and soon began to attract the attention of major patrons.", "Raffaello Sanzio: An Exploration of the Life and Work of the High Renaissance Master\nAt the age of 17, he began to work in the studio of the Florentine painter Pietro Perugino, where he was exposed to the techniques of the great masters of the Renaissance. He soon developed a style of his own, characterized by a love of color, a painterly approach, and a unique sense of composition.", "Raffaello Sanzio: An Exploration of the Life and Work of the High Renaissance Master\nDuring his time in Florence, Raffaello produced several frescoes, and painted several altarpieces and religious works. He also produced several smaller works, such as drawings, cartoons, and sketches. These works are remarkable for their delicate draftsmanship and technical brilliance.", "Raffaello Sanzio: An Exploration of the Life and Work of the High Renaissance Master\nRaffaello's most famous paintings are the Madonna of the Goldfinch, the Sistine Madonna, the Transfiguration, the Marriage of the Virgin, and The School of Athens, all of which are housed in the Vatican Museums. He also painted a large number of portraits, including those of Pope Julius II and Pope Leo X.", "Raffaello Sanzio: An Exploration of the Life and Work of the High Renaissance Master\nRaffaello was also a prolific architect, designing the Chigi Chapel in the church of Santa Maria del Popolo, the Church of Santa Maria della Pace, and the Farnesina Palace. His architectural works are characterized by a harmonious blend of ancient and modern elements, and are considered to be among the finest examples of Renaissance architecture.", "Raffaello Sanzio: An Exploration of the Life and Work of the High Renaissance Master\nRaffaello Sanzio died at the age of 37, following a fever. He is remembered as one of the greatest artists of the Renaissance, and his works have had a profound influence on the development of Western art.\nPortrait painter Giovani Boldini Louvre Metropolitan Museum of Art Italian painter\nGiovanni Boldini: Exploring the Art of the Impressionist Master\nDec 21, 2022 12:54:13 PM", "Raffaello Sanzio: An Exploration of the Life and Work of the High Renaissance Master\nFrench Impressionists Russian-born painter Nicolai Fechin Brooklyn Museum Nicolai Fechin Foundation Russian icon painting Taos Art Museum Sculptor\nRevealing the Fascinating Art of Nicolai Fechin\nPainter Engineer Geologist Musician Leonardo da Vinci Botanist Inventor The Last Supper Medici family Anatomist Architect Sculptor Cartographer Writer Mona Lisa\nDiscovering the Innovative Mind of Leonardo da Vinci"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://us.macmillan.com/books/9781250238054/arichardmathesoncollection

A Richard Matheson Collection: Hell House, Somewhere in Time, What Dreams May Come

["A Richard Matheson Collection: Hell House, Somewhere in Time, What Dreams May Come\nA Richard Matheson Collection\nHell House, Somewhere in Time, What Dreams May Come\nAuthor: Richard Matheson\ne-Book Bundle\nB&N NOOK Google Play Kindle Kobo eBooks.com iBooks\nA Richard Matheson Collection discounted ebundle includes: Hell House, Somewhere in Time, What Dreams May Come\nA collection of three...\nA collection of three novels by New York Time bestselling author Richard Matheson, who Stephen King called \"[t]he author who influenced me the most as a writer.\"", "A Richard Matheson Collection: Hell House, Somewhere in Time, What Dreams May Come\nHell House: Rolf Rudolph Deutsch is going die. But when Deutsch, a wealthy magazine and newspaper publisher, starts thinking seriously about his impending death, he offers to pay a physicist and two mediums, one physical and one mental, $100,000 each to establish the facts of life after death.", "A Richard Matheson Collection: Hell House, Somewhere in Time, What Dreams May Come\nDr. Lionel Barrett, the physicist, accompanied by the mediums, travel to the Belasco House in Maine, which has been abandoned and sealed since 1949 after a decade of drug addiction, alcoholism, and debauchery. For one night, Barrett and his colleagues investigate the Belasco House and learn exactly why the townfolks refer to it as the Hell House.\nSomewhere in Time: A powerful story of a love that transcends time and space, written by one of the Grand Masters of modern fantasy.", "A Richard Matheson Collection: Hell House, Somewhere in Time, What Dreams May Come\nMatheson's classic novel tells the moving, romantic story of a modern man whose love for a woman he has never met draws him back in time to a luxury hotel in San Diego in 1896, where he finds his soul mate in the form of a celebrated actress of the previous century. Somewhere in Time won the World Fantasy Award for Best Novel, and the 1979 movie version, starring Christopher Reeve and Jane Seymour, remains a cult classic.", "A Richard Matheson Collection: Hell House, Somewhere in Time, What Dreams May Come\nWhat Dreams May Come: What happens to us after we die? Chris Nielsen had no idea, until an unexpected accident cut his life short, separating him from his beloved wife, Annie. Now Chris must discover the true nature of life after death.", "A Richard Matheson Collection: Hell House, Somewhere in Time, What Dreams May Come\nBut even Heaven is not complete without Annie, and when tragedy threatens to divide them forever, Chris risks his very soul to save Annie from an eternity of despair. Matheson's powerful tale of life---and love---after death was the basis for the Oscar-winning film starring Robin Williams."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://exhibitions.kelsey.lsa.umich.edu/galleries/Exhibits/PortalsToEternity/Necropolis.html

Necropolis of Kom Abou Billou

["Necropolis of Kom Abou Billou\nNecropolis of Kom Abou Billou\nOverview of Topography\nView to the northwest of the excavated tomb field showing pyramid-roofed tombs", "Necropolis of Kom Abou Billou\nOver the centuries since later antiquity the relentless encroachment of the wind-driven sands of the Libyan Desert covered the tombs in compacted accumulations of up to several meters. Consequently, Peterson was required to use great numbers of local workers to trench and to clear the imperial-period tombs. It was no less a challenge to the Egyptian excavators, who between 1969 and 1971 excavated and mapped the remaining 1000 or more tombs and burials in advance of their imminent destruction.", "Necropolis of Kom Abou Billou\nToday the stretch of desert plain where the necropolis once existed is bisected by the El Nasseri irrigation canal and lies close to or under the cultivation. In 1935, according to Peterson's description, as preserved for us in his journals and correspondence, the site possessed a rolling terrain punctuated here and there by hillocks -- hence its Arabic name kom.", "Necropolis of Kom Abou Billou\nOriginally, the cemetery sloped gently to the South and to the East, and its western perimeter bordered the higher level of the Libyan Desert. Unfortunately, the exact location of Peterson's forty tombs is lost, due to the agencies of the dune-scarping wind and the episodic pillaging of the site by antiqua hunters.\n&quotHouses of Eternity\"", "Necropolis of Kom Abou Billou\nAmong the twenty-four types of tombs, two were particularly popular: the barrel- and the pyramid-roofed, that exhibit some fourteen variants. Decidedly very numerous were the &quotslipper tombs,\" essentially field stone, mudbrick and clay-formed enclosures for individual, in-ground burials.", "Necropolis of Kom Abou Billou\nIn contrast to the in-ground &quotslipper tombs,\" the roofed tomb structures were placed on mudbrick podiums. Attached to their eastern facades were projecting altar tables or simple platforms. The surfaces of the mudbrick tombs and their attached altars were stuccoed and became fields for fresco paintings of festive &quotpeopled\" garlands, accoutrements and personnel of the cult and linear framing bands", "Necropolis of Kom Abou Billou\nIt seems that the fresco decorations were intended to convey the impression that a perpetual festival for the dead was in progress in front of and presumably beyond the tomb structure's symbolic entrance.", "Necropolis of Kom Abou Billou\nArchival photographs of Peterson's well-documented excavation reveal that the tomb facades generally faced eastwards towards the rising sun, an arrangement that is traced back to Pharaonic times. The tomb's mudbrick podiums were built into the rolling terrain in conformity with the topography. This random pattern of building resulted in winding alleys -- possibly a dim reflection of the now alluvium-buried townscape of Terenouthis.", "Necropolis of Kom Abou Billou\nApparently the size of the tomb and its degree of decoration were determined in part by the owner's wealth. Similarly, a tombs position relative to the center of the cemetery correlated with the owner's resources as the larger and more lavishly decorated tombs are located there. It is ironic that lesser tombs on the periphery of the cemetery survived as a rule relatively well, as they tended to be covered earlier and their presence was less apparent next to the desert's discontinuous edges", "Necropolis of Kom Abou Billou\nIn regard to the interment practices of the Graeco-Roman period it is to be noted that no burial discovered either by Peterson or the Egyptian excavators was actually situated either within or directly beneath a podium tomb's structure. Rather, the corpse was placed in prone position with the arms naturally at rest across the lower body, and at varying depths and angles around the tomb's podium", "Necropolis of Kom Abou Billou\nOccasionally, the individual's personal funerary stele is placed against the podium's base, just above the deceased's head. It is concluded from the available evidence that most if not all the early imperial tombs at Kom Abou Billou were cenotaphs, i.e. &quotempty tombs,\" dedicated to a particular family, or possibly a clan.", "Necropolis of Kom Abou Billou\nIn later centuries the narrow alleys among all the tombs became sand-engulphed and forgotten. By or just before the fourth century AD the pattern of inhumation changed, becoming more random and in the nature of simple depositions wherever there was space and depth. In the accumulated layers of debris and sand later burials in their hundreds took place. Some were merely covered by sand; some were encased with a bodycast of plaster", "Necropolis of Kom Abou Billou\nThis burial pattern of Late Antiquity left a chaotic stratigraphy, hopelessly complicated by the mining operations of the tomb robbers.", "Necropolis of Kom Abou Billou\nPagan burials cease after the Islamic Conquest and no ritual Christian burials have turned up.\nCult of the Ancestors\nThe festive fresco paintings and the offering altar tables of the tombs were complemented by formally carved and painted funerary stones. Recessed in niches either in the tomb wall or the vertical screen wall (tympanum) of the gabled roof, they align at eye level with the tomb facade's central axis.", "Necropolis of Kom Abou Billou\nBarrel-vaulted tomb with its stele In situ, which belonged to a fourteen-year-old girl, &quotIsidora, the daughter of Hermaios.\" Dated by the stele to the 2nd quarter of the 2nd century AD.", "Necropolis of Kom Abou Billou\nAlso, the funerary stele and its images were undoubtedly intended to focus the viewer's attention, for it was in front of and to the stele and its images of the departed that the rituals of the ancestor cult were performed, including sacrificing, cooking, feasting, music making, chanting and possibly dancing (deduced from the discovery of several finger cymbals or zills among the tombs).", "Necropolis of Kom Abou Billou\nThe existence of such an elaborate funerary cult at this site is almost predictable, since ancestor worship is attested in Egypt from as early as the third millenium BC. Since prehistoric times the tribes inhabiting the Nile Valley believed that the dead required physical sustenance for their afterlife activities. In practical terms the spirit-food was provided by the deceased's family. The inducement to the living was threefold: to lessen the individual and collective grief; to propitiate, i.e", "Necropolis of Kom Abou Billou\n&quotto satisfy,\" the ancestor's imagined needs; to invoke helpful intervention of the satisfied loved-one from the &quotland of the dead.\" Over generations there evolved a family-based popular cult of the immortal ancestor involving complex networks of mutual -- even third-party -- arrangements for the provisioning of food and the carrying out of specified rites, especially on the festival days of the Egyptian and later the Greek and Roman calendars.", "Necropolis of Kom Abou Billou\nEssential to the functioning of the ancient cult of the venerated immortal ancestor was the traditional tomb stele, found in many hundreds of Kom Abou Billou. The stelae, as a rule, are framed by some form of architectural structure, the forms and components of which can be directly traced back to the traditional Egyptian temple's columnar entrances. Often found within the columnar porches is an arching, black, ribbon-like motif, centered directly over the head of the figure within the entrance.", "Necropolis of Kom Abou Billou\nThere were two popular compositional types found at the necropolis of Terenouthis: (1) the orans or praying figure standing with upraised arms and usually enframed within a portal, and (2) a banqueter or banqueters reclining on a Greek dining couch ( kline). Like the orans, the feasting compositions are similarly framed by a variety of columnar portals. A notable variation of the orans composition is the placement of the figure in a boat", "Necropolis of Kom Abou Billou\nSince the religious rites performed in front of the tomb involved the preparation and presentation of food stuffs to the ancestor's spirit, these stelae, with images of the deceased framed by a portal to the Underworld, were entirely appropriate. Here was a meeting place, a zone of transition, between the upper and lower worlds, where the living and dead might commune.", "Necropolis of Kom Abou Billou\nTraditional superstitions concerning the potential malevolence of the dead dictated that he or she be approached cautiously, i.e. ritually and at a neutral spot, readily identifiable as such. There, the descendants might draw near but at the same time be magically separated from them, for in Pharaonic as in Graeco-Roman times the dead were thought to fear and respect the living as much as the living respected and feared the dead", "Necropolis of Kom Abou Billou\nThe tomb's threshold, guarded by the &quotLord of the necropolis\" Anubis, contained the summoned spirit in a defined place. In this way the threshold of the tomb's porch was a neutral meeting ground within which the dead were consigned to the spirit world while at the same time the living might respectfully approach."]

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http://www.streetsofwashington.com/2011/01/showtime-on-9th-street-gayety-theater.html?showComment=1467140550847

Showtime on 9th Street: The Gayety Theater

["Showtime on 9th Street: The Gayety Theater\nNinth Street NW, the blocks just north of Pennsylvania Avenue: today they're lined with rows of the same nondescript office buildings you see everywhere else downtown. And then there's that hulking FBI building on the west side. But it wasn't always like this. A hundred years ago this was where the action was. \"Ninth Street was the Broadway of Washington,\" a former fight promoter named Goldie Ahearn recalled years later in The Washington Post: \"Everything that ever happened in this city happened there", "Showtime on 9th Street: The Gayety Theater\nWhen you came to town you had to strut up and down Ninth Street or you hadn't lived.\" And in the heart of this mini Times Square was the fabulous Gayety Theater, where the girls were always kicking their legs up and the comedians gunning for endless, easy laughs.", "Showtime on 9th Street: The Gayety Theater\nThe Gayety Theatre, from a postcard in the author's collection.\nThe Gayety, located at 513 9th Street, NW, was designed by noted theater architect William H. McElfatrick (1854-1922) and completed in 1907 at a cost of about $130,000. Although the building's frontage on 9th Street was only the size of a typical storefront, it masked a sprawling complex that extended back to 8th Street, where a large auditorium was located. The stage was 65 feet wide and 34 feet deep.", "Showtime on 9th Street: The Gayety Theater\nIt was a completely over-the-top extravaganza of decorative flourishes, both inside and out. The fa\u00e7ade, made of brick and galvanized iron, embodied a lively and eccentric mix of styles. Beaux-Arts rusticated piers surmounted by pairs of Corinthian columns held up a massive hooded arch topped by a crowded assemblage of gaudy classical figures. A deeply-recessed entry drew customers into the building, leading them back to the ornate three-story auditorium, said to be capable of seating 1,500", "Showtime on 9th Street: The Gayety Theater\nThe original decor was ivory and gold, with \"rich Empire red\" sidewalls, according to The Washington Times, and featured commodious seats and all-unobstructed views. In arches above the boxes on either side of the stage were beautiful plaster composition figures of the Muses, created by English-born architectural sculptor Ernest C. Bairstow (1876-1962), who also decorated many other important Washington DC buildings, including the Lincoln Memorial", "Showtime on 9th Street: The Gayety Theater\nNewspaper accounts made much of the fact that the building was designed using state-of-the-art fireproof techniques. The stage, for example, could be rapidly isolated from the rest of the auditorium with massive sheet-iron doors and an asbestos curtain. All in all, this was a very impressive theater in 1907.", "Showtime on 9th Street: The Gayety Theater\nInterior of the Gayety Theater. Source: Library of Congress.\nThe theater was a member of the Columbia Circuit (Eastern \"wheel\") of Burlesque theater owners. There was also a Western wheel. The wheels were affiliations of theater venues that provided a full season's bookings for traveling shows. According to Robert C. Allen, by 1912 approximately 70 touring burlesque companies played at one hundred theaters across the country and employed some 5,000 performers.", "Showtime on 9th Street: The Gayety Theater\nThe early years of the Gayety's existence\u2014the 1910s and 1920s\u2014were undoubtedly its heyday, a time when burlesque was still a going theatrical concern. By the end of the 19th century, the theater-going experience in America had become rigidly stratified. Legitimate theater, as was performed at the National Theater on Pennsylvania Avenue, for example, was for the upper classes, kept safely out of reach of those with insufficient means or taste", "Showtime on 9th Street: The Gayety Theater\nVaudeville\u2014often called \"polite\" or \"high-class\" vaudeville\u2014was marketed squarely to the middle classes and kept carefully clean and wholesome. The major D.C. vaudeville house in those days was Chase's Polite Vaudeville, located first on Pennsylvania Avenue near the White House and later in the Riggs Building on 15th Street, NW, a safe and respectable neighborhood", "Showtime on 9th Street: The Gayety Theater\nBurlesque filled out the bottom rung of theater's social ladder and found its home in the city's tenderloin district, the hurly-burly world of the 9th Street strip. It was everything vaudeville wasn't: irreverent, iconoclastic, raucous, and licentious. Burlesque catered largely to young urban males of the working class with its deliberate skewering of social mores\u2014although, then as now, they weren't the only ones who found such unbridled entertainment alluring.", "Showtime on 9th Street: The Gayety Theater\nWhen the Gayety opened in 1907, there weren't any stripteases, although voluptuous women were always spotlighted. The shows generally consisted of often lavishly-decorated skits involving a troupe of \"soubrettes\"\u2014saucy, sexy, young coquettes\u2014interacting with a few male comics and straight men in raunchy satires of upper-class lifestyles. Mollie Williams was an example of a popular soubrette known for her racy, wisecracking manner", "Showtime on 9th Street: The Gayety Theater\nShe was reportedly the only woman with her own traveling burlesque company in the Columbia Circuit in the late 1910s and early 1920s. She produced \"The Unknown Law\" at the Gayety in September 1920.", "Showtime on 9th Street: The Gayety Theater\nThe Columbia Circuit tried to walk the fine line between risqu\u00e9 and rude, but ultimately it was a losing game. By the end of the 1920s, the more prosperous and better-financed vaudeville theaters had already taken away viewers wanting cleaner entertainment, and the burgeoning movie business was now taking customers from both vaudeville and burlesque. The burlesque theaters began to give up on theatrical performances and focus just on the girls", "Showtime on 9th Street: The Gayety Theater\nThe Columbia Circuit of traveling burlesque companies, after consolidating with other \"wheels,\" folded completely in 1931. Instead of its expensive bookings, theaters like the Gayety used \"stock\" burlesque shows that were much cheaper to produce and mostly consisted of striptease artists.", "Showtime on 9th Street: The Gayety Theater\nIn January 1929, when it was still primarily a theatrical venue, the Gayety achieved unusual notoriety when it produced a midnight benefit show for the families of four imprisoned gamblers. The four had been thrown in the clink for participating in an illegal blackjack game, and they had all refused to implicate any of their cronies. A local boxing promoter conceived of the idea of a lavish show to benefit the families of the four \"who did not squeal,\" and so it came to pass", "Showtime on 9th Street: The Gayety Theater\nA long bill of many acts, mostly performing gratis, played on until nearly dawn to a hall that was packed, despite the fact that all advanced notice had been strictly by word of mouth. The newspapers caught wind of the spectacle, and soon the House Committee on the District of Columbia was holding a hearing on the event, seen as proof of how organized the gambling and bootlegging rackets were in Washington. However, much to everyone's frustration, it was clear that no laws had been broken", "Showtime on 9th Street: The Gayety Theater\nBesides, a number of off-duty policemen were apparently in attendance. It seems the uproar finally blew over when officials lost their appetite for exploring the extent of corruption in the Metropolitan Police Department.", "Showtime on 9th Street: The Gayety Theater\nThe Gayety always drew its share of Washington's officialdom, including many members of Congress, government officials, and even a president or two. Supreme Court Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes (1841-1935) was a Sunday afternoon regular, according to the Post. The Washington Times-Herald reported that Holmes \"used to sit and read while the comics were on, and then put away his book when the girls began to peel.\" \"Thank God, I'm a man of low tastes,\" he was quoted as saying.", "Showtime on 9th Street: The Gayety Theater\nAlthough it was the largest theater on 9th Street and the only one dedicated to burlesque, the Gayety was surrounded by other theaters, restaurants and arcades. Immediately to the left of the Gayety was a Gothic-Revival former church building originally constructed in 1835 and enlarged in 1879. Despite the enlargement, its Methodist congregation had found it too small and moved out in 1888", "Showtime on 9th Street: The Gayety Theater\nIn the 1910s and 1920s it housed the Port Arthur Chinese Restaurant; later it was a bar and caf\u00e9 directly connected to the Gayety. Two doors down on the right was the Leader Theater, built in 1910 with decorative excesses to rival the Gayety's. It was primarily a venue for motion pictures, as was Harry Crandall's Joy Theater and Tom Moore's Garden Theater, both in the 400 block of 9th Street immediately to the south", "Showtime on 9th Street: The Gayety Theater\nCrandall's Theater, at the southeast corner of 9th and E, lasted only into the 1920s, while Moore's Garden Theater, rechristened the Central Theater, continued much longer. Another 9th Street playhouse, in the block above F Street, was the Virginia, later called the Little Theater, which featured foreign films in the 1940s.", "Showtime on 9th Street: The Gayety Theater\nA crowd of newsboys lined up for a Saturday matin\u00e9e at the Leader Theater, two doors down from the Gayety. The Port Arthur restaurant is visible on the far left. Source: Library of Congress.\nThe same location today. Photo by the author.\nInterior of the Port Arthur restaurant, located next to the Gayety Theater in an old church building. From a postcard in the author's collection.", "Showtime on 9th Street: The Gayety Theater\nAs the neighborhood began to decline in the 1940s, the pretense of respectability was abandoned altogether. Peep shows and pornography became the coin of the realm. The 1,500-seat Gayety, designed for full-scale theatrical productions, found it was losing money in this new world and held its last burlesque show in February 1950. However, the timing turned out to be fortuitous, and the theater got an unexpected reprieve.\nThe Gayety Theater at night, 1942. Photo by John Ferrell. Source: Library of Congress.", "Showtime on 9th Street: The Gayety Theater\nWashington at that moment was woefully short on stage facilities. The National Theater, previously the only legitimate theater in the city, had converted to movies in 1948 in response to a boycott by the actors' guild because of its policy banning admittance of African Americans. In February 1950, an agent for a Broadway show called \"The Barretts of Wimpole Street\" learned that the Gayety had closed and decided to see if he could book it for his production", "Showtime on 9th Street: The Gayety Theater\nThus in March 1950, after a modest bit of renovation, the Gayety proudly re-opened as a legitimate theater with admittance to all races. \"The Barretts of Wimpole Street\" had a short but successful run, followed by several other productions. It seemed for a time as if the grand old building had successfully entered a second life.", "Showtime on 9th Street: The Gayety Theater\nSoon the building was purchased by the Shubert theater chain, which undertook more extensive renovations in 1952, including completely redoing the gaudy fa\u00e7ade and replacing it with a more standard theater entrance with a broad, lighted canopy. The new playhouse reopened as the Sam S. Shubert Theater. Stars such as John Gielgud, Tallulah Bankhead, Celeste Holm, and Maurice Chevalier played there, and President Truman was a frequent attendee. Still, this new-found success was fleeting", "Showtime on 9th Street: The Gayety Theater\nThen, around 1:00 am on January 29, 1959, not long after a showing of Edward Chodorov's \"Listen to the Mocking Bird\" had ended, fire broke out backstage at the Shubert and quickly grew out of control, consuming scenery, backdrops, and soon the back of the theater itself, bursting through the roof. Firemen battled the blaze for nearly an hour before it was finally extinguished", "Showtime on 9th Street: The Gayety Theater\nWhile the back of the theater was burned out, the old fireproof asbestos stage curtain had done its job and kept the flames from spreading into the auditorium. Nevertheless, there was extensive smoke and water damage there as well. It was a devastating blow for the old theater, and the owners decided to sell the property rather than undertake repairs.", "Showtime on 9th Street: The Gayety Theater\nWhen word came out in June that the theater would likely be razed and replaced with a parking lot, there were a number of calls to save it. Possibly it could become the new home for the Washington Opera Society, some hoped. A citizens group was formed to buy the theater for use as a civic cultural center, at least until the planned National Cultural Center (which would become the Kennedy Center) could be completed", "Showtime on 9th Street: The Gayety Theater\nAn anonymous benefactor even offered to pay the $150,000 asking price and turn the theater over to the city for that purpose. Unfortunately, by that time the property had already been sold to an agent for Lansburgh's Department Store, which had its heart set on a new parking lot. Nothing could be done to stop them, and the theater was torn down in November 1959.", "Showtime on 9th Street: The Gayety Theater\nAarons, writing in the Post, proclaimed in 1964 that \"Ninth Street, that once-glorious Dream Street, that Coney Island, Bowery and Times Square rolled into one, has nothing left to remember itself by.\" His occasion for writing was the announcement that much-loved impresario Jimmy Lake (1880-1967), the unofficial \"mayor of 9th Street\" who had taken over the Gayety Theater in 1914 and had presided over its glory days, was finally leaving the area", "Showtime on 9th Street: The Gayety Theater\nLake had also run the adjoining caf\u00e9 (the former Methodist church), and sued in early 1960 to keep it from being razed too, but he lost. After being evicted from the caf\u00e9 and theater, Lake moved his business a block south to the old Central Theater building, which he nostalgically re-christened the Gayety. But Lake soon came to realize that the burlesque business was dying, and thus he was moving out in 1964", "Showtime on 9th Street: The Gayety Theater\nIn 1976, the Gayety name was moved yet another time, to the former Roosevelt movie theater at 508 9th Street NW, which had been built in 1933. This 500-seat theater, which was across the street from the site of the original Gayety theater, continued with a mix of live girls and X-rated films into the 1980s. In 1987 this building and the others alongside it were torn down for a large office building.", "Showtime on 9th Street: The Gayety Theater\nThe Roosevelt Theater building is seen in this photo from 1965, when it was called Follies. Note that Central Liquor used to also be in this block of 9th Street. Source: Historic American Buildings Survey.", "Showtime on 9th Street: The Gayety Theater\nMeanwhile the parking lot on the other side of the street remained for more than four decades. Finally in 2007, Boston Properties, Inc. built an office building, designed by the D.C. firm of Hartman-Cox Architects, on the site. Initial plans were for the Washington Stage Guild to occupy performing arts space on the 8th Street side of the building, where the original Gayety Theater's stage used to be, but funding for that project didn't materialize. Perhaps another group will one day perform in that space.", "Showtime on 9th Street: The Gayety Theater\nSources for this article included Robert C. Allen, Horrible Prettiness: Burlesque and American Culture (1991); Harvey W. Crew et al., Centennial History of the City of Washington, D.C. (1892); James M. Goode, Capital Losses (2003); Robert K. Headley, Motion Picture Exhibition in Washington, D.C.: An Illustrated History of Parlors, Palaces and Multiplexes in the Metropolitan Area, 1894-1997 (1999); and numerous newspaper articles. The Washingtoniana Division of the Martin Luther King, Jr", "Showtime on 9th Street: The Gayety Theater\nLabels: Entertainment\nLocation: Downtown, Washington D.C., DC, USA\nWow. This truly was a loss -- so much more attractive than the current building. The Gayety would be a treasured theater venue were it still around. And the comment of Oliver Wendell Holmes is yet another reason why we should have more Supreme Court justices like him and less like John Roberts et al.\nGeorge Senda September 7, 2019 at 12:01 PM", "Showtime on 9th Street: The Gayety Theater\nI am a bit puzzled. I was only a young boy and we moved from the DC area in 1964 but I know I saw some kind of lighted Burlesque house as I would walk down the street to where the FBI Building is today.\nI also used to walk by Duke Ziebert's and always wanted to go in but wasn't sure if a child would be allowed to eat in there.\nAnd nearby was a Planter's Peanut shop with a huge Mr. Peanut statue in the entryway and they had a neon one in the window. You could smell the roasting peanuts from blocks away.", "Showtime on 9th Street: The Gayety Theater\nClose by was a theater where my parents and I saw Around The World In 80 Days and Pepe starring Cantinflas.\nThank you for posting the one about the Greyhound station. I used to take the bus from DC to Pittsburgh to stay with my sister in the summers.", "Showtime on 9th Street: The Gayety Theater\nAnd People's Drugs saved my life. I had grand mals as a child ( just went away one day ) and I would carry ammonia ampules in my pocket & I had a habit of putting butterscotch candies in my mouth and removing the wrapper with my tongue. I had them in the same pocket one day and was walking with my friend Charles Loeb on the 4th of July. NOTHING was open except a People's Drug Store. I accidentally put an ampoule in my mouth instead of candy and bit down on the glass and swallowed ammonia", "Showtime on 9th Street: The Gayety Theater\nCharles rushed me into the Peoples and he yelled for help. The pharmacist gave me something to counteract it and I was better but I could not talk right for some months. I am grateful to him and Charles.", "Showtime on 9th Street: The Gayety Theater\nJerry A. McCoy January 24, 2011 at 3:27 PM\nWhat a wonderful article. The \"then & now\" photos of the Gayety and its neighbors and the souless office building that occupies most of the block today really illustrates how homogenized and downright boring DC's commercial architecture is.\nWhat a wonderful article, both in terms of architectural history and theatrical history. Thank you.", "Showtime on 9th Street: The Gayety Theater\nHowever,I can't say the same for all the comments. Anonymous I, obviously masculine, feels the need to slam Chief Justice Roberts in order to compliment Holmes' \"taste.\"\nGreat article and blog!\nPitiful! So much of the 'Old Downtown' is gone.\nAmerica is about rebuilding for progress. But, is it progress?\nNo, it's all about the almighty U.S. Dollar.\n9th st and Fst are all but gone. Sold out to developers who buy out the historical Preservation Societies intentions and just keep the facades. Hooey!", "Showtime on 9th Street: The Gayety Theater\nThese beautiful pieces of our early histories can't be replaced.\nIt's as though america is ashamed of it's past.\nImagine just these two streets preserved? They would be thriving tourist attractions and the true statement of America's glorious past.\nLet them build the gaunt office buildgs somewhere else.\ncouldn't have said it better myself.......", "Showtime on 9th Street: The Gayety Theater\nI was born in Washington DC and lived in that section on 5th and h street and also in chinatown at 422 right next to Jimmy Wings. Money is the only thing that some with it understand. back in the beginning of world War II some jumped to cut down the Japanese Cherry Blossom trees , that now bring beauty to the city and million of dollars to the city as well, but its the beauty that they give , that makes one feels alive. save our present time now. for later !", "Showtime on 9th Street: The Gayety Theater\nI was Chief Engineer of the Warner Building at 13th and E NW. I would often go down to 9th street to the Gaiety heater. It was old time burlesque. Comedians made jokes about the girls. They only stripped as far as the women in a Sears catalog, G string and pasties. Up 9th just catty corner from the Gaiety was another theater I want to call it the Texas Theater but it might have been the Victory", "Showtime on 9th Street: The Gayety Theater\nThat one was the first time I ever saw Raunchy! A very beautiful girl came out on a short runway took it all off, lubed up a dildo and did the Nasty; right there! She spun around where guys were sitting right next to the runway she jerked his head between her legs he obliged her! The clientele", "Showtime on 9th Street: The Gayety Theater\n? Lots of guys wearing sunglasses and trench coats. They kept the coats across their laps! I followed some out to prove a point. They ended up being FBI on lunch break.. There were also a couple of sex shops one on the corner near The National Portrait Gallery! Another raunchy theater was on New York Ave plus peep shows and sex shops. The peep shows were there in 1958 but showed nothing below the waist! Of course the devils den on 14th st. was there", "Showtime on 9th Street: The Gayety Theater\nOne could go to the Butterfly and watch His Honor da Mayor do lines and cop feels of the girls. DC was very nice then. Garfinckles, Ralieghs, International Safeway. National Association of Realtors one block down. Weshlers Auction (Still there on F st)", "Showtime on 9th Street: The Gayety Theater\nThose were the days my freind....\nGreat article! Makes me feel good to see and hear my great grand fathers name. Wish i could of met him. Kristen Hatcher\nGreat article. BTW, Bud Abbott met his wife, Betty Smith, at the Gayety in the summer of 1918. He worked in the box office and she was in the chorus. They married within weeks.\nThe Church of the Covenant on Connecticut Avenue"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.kyuk.org/2022-01-26/ozzie-the-worlds-oldest-male-gorilla-dies-at-61

Ozzie, the world's oldest male gorilla, dies at 61

["Ozzie, the world's oldest male gorilla, dies at 61\nOzzie, the world's oldest male gorilla, dies at 61\nPublished January 26, 2022 at 7:55 AM AKST\nOzzie was the oldest male gorilla in the world when he died on Tuesday at the zoo in Atlanta. He was believed to be 61 years old.\nOzzie, the world's oldest male gorilla and the third-oldest gorilla in the world, was found deceased on Tuesday, the zoo in Atlanta said. Ozzie was 61. Gorillas are considered geriatric once they're 40 years old.", "Ozzie, the world's oldest male gorilla, dies at 61\nWhile the cause of death is not officially known, Ozzie was experiencing symptoms such as decreased appetite, facial swelling and weakness over the last few days of his life. Zoo Atlanta, in partnership with the University of Georgia's veterinary medicine program, will perform a necropsy that will be shared with the public, they said in a statement.", "Ozzie, the world's oldest male gorilla, dies at 61\n\"This is a devastating loss for Zoo Atlanta. While we knew this time would come someday, that inevitability does nothing to stem the deep sadness we feel at losing a legend,\" said Raymond B. King, president and CEO of the zoo.", "Ozzie, the world's oldest male gorilla, dies at 61\n\"Ozzie's life's contributions are indelible, in the generations of individuals he leaves behind in the gorilla population and in the world's body of knowledge in the care of his species. Our thoughts are with his care team, who have lost a part of their lives and a part of their hearts.\"\nOzzie's death comes about two weeks after the death of another elderly gorilla, Choomba. She and Ozzie lived together at the zoo and, at 59, she was the fourth-oldest gorilla in the world when she died on Jan. 13.", "Ozzie, the world's oldest male gorilla, dies at 61\nZoo Atlanta described Ozzie as a \"living legend\" in the history of the zoo; he was the last surviving member of the original generation of gorillas that arrived there in 1988. In 2009, Ozzie made history when he became the first gorilla in the world to participate in a voluntary blood pressure reading.", "Ozzie, the world's oldest male gorilla, dies at 61\n\"No matter how many years we get with our animals, it's never long enough,\" Jodi Carrigan, associate curator of primates at the zoo, said in a Facebook post. \"We made every minute count with Ozzie, and he will always live on in our hearts.\"\nOzzie, short for Ozoum, is survived by several children, grandchildren and great-grandchildren living in zoos around the U.S. and Canada. His favorite foods were oranges and cabbage, according to Zoo Atlanta's website.", "Ozzie, the world's oldest male gorilla, dies at 61\nHis species, the western lowland gorilla, is critically endangered. Because of poaching and disease, their global population has declined more than 60% in the last two decades."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://magadhatimes.com/in-jamui-the-hospital-guard-beat-the-staff-fiercely-over-a-bottle-of-water-died/

Hospital guard beat staff fiercely over a bottle of water, died

["Hospital guard beat staff fiercely over a bottle of water, died\nIn Jamui, the hospital guard beat the staff fiercely over a bottle of water, died\nAt Jamui\u2019s referral hospital, there was a fight over a water bottle between the staff of the outsourcing company and the security guard. Seriously injured hospital staff died in the fight.\nIn Jamui\u2019s Laxmipur Referral Hospital, a fight broke out between two employees on Wednesday for just one bottle of water. One life was lost in this fight.", "Hospital guard beat staff fiercely over a bottle of water, died\nAccording to the information, there was a dispute between the outsourcing staff of the hospital, Mithilesh Sao and the security guard posted there, Vijay Bharti over a water bottle.\nFirst, there was an argument between the two, then a scuffle and soon the hospital became a battleground. It is alleged that the security guard beat Mithilesh so much that he was badly injured.\nHe was immediately taken to the Sadar Hospital for treatment, but he died.", "Hospital guard beat staff fiercely over a bottle of water, died\nThe police reached the referral hospital after receiving the news of the assault, but by then the accused guard had fled from there. The outsourcing staff who died in this dispute was 34 years old.\nAccording to the police, Mithilesh was a resident of Arwal district. He used to work as a generator in the hospital. At the same time, the accused security guard is also said to be of a private company.", "Hospital guard beat staff fiercely over a bottle of water, died\nPrabhat Kumar, the manager of the company where Mithilesh Sao used to work, told that he used to come from a very poor family.\nWhile on duty at Laxmipur Referral Hospital, an argument broke out with the accused guard Vijay Bharti over a bottle of water.\nThe dispute escalated so much that a scuffle broke out between the two. During this, Mithilesh was seriously injured by beating Vijay Bharti. By the time he was taken to Sadar Hospital, Mithilesh died before that.", "Hospital guard beat staff fiercely over a bottle of water, died\nPrabhat Kumar said that an application has been given to the Laxmipur police station to register an FIR in this case.\nAt the same time, SDPO Dr Rakesh Kumar while confirming the matter said that the police is investigating the incident thoroughly. The security guard who assaulted is absconding, search is on for him.\nCategories Bihar District Wise News, Jamui News Post navigation\n12 year old child escaped from the clutches of miscreants Aurangabad"]

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https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Allix,_Peter_%28DNB00%29

Allix, Peter - Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900

["Allix, Peter - Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900\nDictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Allix, Peter\n(Redirected from Allix, Peter (DNB00))\nAllison, Thomas\nAllix, Peter by William Garden Blaikie\nAllman, William\n611569Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900, Volume 01 \u2014 Allix, Peter1885William Garden Blaikie", "Allix, Peter - Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900\n\u200bALLIX, PETER, D.D. (1641\u20131717), preacher and theologian, son of Pierre Allix, pastor of the Reformed Church of France at Alen\u00e7on, was born at Alen\u00e7on, department of L'Orne, Normandy, in 1641. His father directed his early studies; afterwards he attended the protestant universities of Saumur and Sedan. He was especially distinguished in the study of Hebrew and Syriac, and worked at a new translation of the Bible, in conjunction with the well-known Claude. His first charge as a pastor was at St", "Allix, Peter - Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900\nAgobille, in Champagne. In 1670, owing to his distinguished abilities, he was translated to Charenton, Paris, the principal reformed church of the metropols, attended by most of the distinguished families of the reformed faith. Here he acquired great fame and power as a preacher, so much so, that in Bayle's Dictionary a high compliment is paid to his learning and abilities. In 1683 he was chosen moderator of the last provincial synod, held at Lisy, in the diocese of Meaux", "Allix, Peter - Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900\nIn 1685, in consequence of the revocation of the edict of Nantes, Allix was compelled to leave France. He came to England, where he at once obtained naturalisation as an English subject, and authority to found in London a French church for the refugees, on condition that the worship should be conducted on the Anglican model. He rapidly acquired a complete acquaintance with the English language.", "Allix, Peter - Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900\nSoon after his arrival he published a learned and powerful book, entitled \u2018Reflections on the Books of the Holy Scripture, to establish the Truth of the Christian Religion.\u2019 The book was dedicated to King James II, and in his dedication the author makes a cordial acknowledgment of the kindness which he and his fellow-exiles had received. Allix obtained the degree of D.D. from the universities of Oxford and Cambridge, and in 1690 he was appointed treasurer of the church of Salisbury.", "Allix, Peter - Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900\nAllix was requested to write a history of the Church Councils, a work which would have extended to seven volumes, but for want of sufficient encouragement the undertaking had to be abandoned. He wrote many books, however, on various departments of theology and church history, and from his great stores of learning, both christian and rabbinical, many of his contributions acquired a peculiar value", "Allix, Peter - Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900\nIn the latter part of his life he directed his attention especially to the prophecies of Scripture, and influenced in part, perhaps, by the calamities which had befallen himself and his protestant countrymen, he maintained that Jesus Christ was soon to return and reign on earth.", "Allix, Peter - Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900\nLouis XIV was very desirous to induce Allix to return to France, and, through his ambassador at London, made proposals to that effect, on the understanding, of course, that he would renounce his protestantism. But to such proposals Allix turned a deaf ear.", "Allix, Peter - Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900\nAllix was on intimate terms with many of the most eminent men of letters of the day, by whom, as indeed by all classes in England, he was highly esteemed for the firmness of his principles, the variety and extent of his learning, his social disposition, and the integrity and consistency of his character. He died at London on 3 March 1717, aged 76.\nThe works published by Allix, some in French, some in Latin, and some in English, were as follows:", "Allix, Peter - Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900\n\u2018Reponse \u00e0 la Dissertation par Bertram, et Jean Scott, ou Erigene,\u2019 1670.\n\u2018Ratramme, ou Bertram Pr\u00eatre; du corps et du sang du Seigneur,\u2019 1672.\n\u2018Dissertatio de Trisagii origine,\u2019 1674.\n\u2018Dissertatio de Sanguine Domini Nostri Jesu Christi.\u2019\n\u2018Dissertatio de Tertulliani vita et scriptis.\u2019\n\u2018Les Malheurs de l'impenitence, sermon de jeune, sur Proverbes i. 24\u201328, prononc\u00e9 \u00e0 Charenton en 1675.\u2019\n\u2018Les devoirs du Saint Minist\u00e8re, sermon de consecration, sur Tit. ii. 7, 8, prononc\u00e9 \u00e0 Charenton en 1676.\u2019", "Allix, Peter - Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900\n\u2018Dissertatio de Conciliorum quorumvis definitionibus ad examen revocandis,\u2019 1680.\n\u2018Anastasii Sinaitic\u00e6 anagogicarum contemplationum in Hexahemeron lib. xii.\u2019 1682.\n\u2018D\u00e9fense de la R\u00e9formation, sermon sur Jeremie v. 16, prononc\u00e9 \u00e0 Charenton en 1682.\u2019\n\u2018Douze Sermons de P. A. sur divers textes,\u2019 1685.\n\u2018Determinatio F. Joannis Parisiensis de modo existendi corporis Christi in sacramento altaris,\u2019 1686 (proving that the Church of Rome did not hold transubstantiation before the Council of Trent).", "Allix, Peter - Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900\n\u2018Les maximes du vrai Chr\u00e9tien,\u2019 1687.\n\u2018L'Adieu de St. Paul aux Ephesiens,\u2019 1688. This sermon \u200bwas intended to be preached at Charenton on the day on which the church was closed.\n\u2018A Discourse concerning Penance,\u2019 1688.\n\u2018A Discourse concerning the Merit of Good Works,\u2019 1688.\n\u2018An Historical Discourse concerning the Necessity of the Minister's Intention in administering the Sacrament,\u2019 1688.", "Allix, Peter - Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900\n\u2018Reflections upon the Books of the Holy Scripture to establish the Truth of the Christian Religion,\u2019 two vols. (the first published in French, 1687, the second in English, 1688).\n\u2018Preparation for the Lord's Supper,\u2019 1688.\n\u2018An Examination of the Scruples of those who refuse to take the Oaths,\u2019 1689.\n\u2018Some Remarks upon the Ecclesiastical History of the ancient Church of Piedmont,\u2019 1690.", "Allix, Peter - Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900\n\u2018Remarks upon the Ecclesiastical History of the Albigenses,\u2019 1692. (In these two books Allix tries to prove that the Waldenses and Albigenses had preserved the truth unchanged from apostolic times.)\n\u2018The Judgment of the ancient Jewish Church against the Unitarians,\u2019 1689. (He shows that the Jews always held the divinity of their expected Messiah.)\n\u2018De Messi\u00e6 duplice Adventu.\u2019 (He tries to make out that the second Advent would be in 1720, or at latest 1736.)", "Allix, Peter - Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900\n\u2018Animadversions on Mr. Hill's Vindication of the Primitive Fathers against Reverend Gilbert,\u2019 1695.\n\u2018Dissertatio in Tatianum.\u2019\n\u2018Preface and Arguments on the Psalms,\u2019 1701.\n\u2018Nectarii Patriarch\u00e6 Hierosolymitani Confutatio Imperii Pap\u00e6,\u2019 1702.\n\u2018Augustini Hermanni Franche [of Halle] Manuductio ad lectionem SS. edita studio P. A.,\u2019 1706.\n\u2018Dissertatio de Domini Nostri anno et mense natali,\u2019 1707.\n\u2018A Confutation of the Hopes of the Jews,\u2019 1707.\n\u2018Prophecies applied by Mr. Whiston, &c., considered,\u2019 1707.", "Allix, Peter - Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900\n\u2018Reflexions critiques et th\u00e9ologiques sur la controversie de l'Eglise\u2019 (no date).\n[Haag's La France Protestante; L'Encyclop\u00e9die des Sciences Religieuses; Weiss's L'Histoire des R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s; Drion's L'Histoire Chronologique de l'Eglise Protestante de France; Bayle's Dictionary; Biographia Britannica; Agnew's French Protestant Refugees.]\nW. G. B.\nRetrieved from \"https://en.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Dictionary_of_National_Biography,_1885-1900/Allix,_Peter&oldid=10761223\""]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

http://www.palpress.net/?View=News&id=9296&dep=10

16 Palestinian journalists imprisoned, including 4 in administrative detention, says Al-Asir Club on World Press Freedom Day

["16 Palestinian journalists imprisoned, including 4 in administrative detention, says Al-Asir Club on World Press Freedom Day\nWorld Press Freedom Day: 16 Palestinian journalists are imprisoned in the occupation prisons\nThe Al-Asir Club said in a statement on the occasion of World Press Freedom Day (May 3) that the occupation authorities have arrested 16 journalists in their prisons, including the journalist Bushra Al-Tawil from Ramallah.", "16 Palestinian journalists imprisoned, including 4 in administrative detention, says Al-Asir Club on World Press Freedom Day\nThe club's statement today, Sunday, stated that the occupation authorities are pursuing policies to restrict freedom of opinion and expression, and to arrest journalists and activists in an ongoing attempt to undermine their societal, cultural and political role and prevent them from uncovering the ongoing crimes against the Palestinians, through continuous prosecution and repeated arrests. , Threats, and repeated attacks in the field of work.", "16 Palestinian journalists imprisoned, including 4 in administrative detention, says Al-Asir Club on World Press Freedom Day\nThe administrative detention policy constitutes the most prominent systematic policy targeting journalists, as 4 journalists continue to be detained in administrative detention, the last of whom was Alaa al-Rimawi (43 years) from Ramallah, who has been on hunger strike since his arrest on April 21, and the occupation issued an arrest warrant against him. Administrative for a period of three months.", "16 Palestinian journalists imprisoned, including 4 in administrative detention, says Al-Asir Club on World Press Freedom Day\nThe occupation authorities are holding the Rimawi prisoner in harsh detention conditions in solitary confinement cells in \"Ofer\" prison, and he faces a difficult health situation, especially since shortly before his arrest, he was infected with the \"Corona\" virus, and is still suffering from the effects of infection, in addition to the repeated arrests he faced Over the past years, which significantly affected his health, as the total years of his detention reached nearly 11 years.", "16 Palestinian journalists imprisoned, including 4 in administrative detention, says Al-Asir Club on World Press Freedom Day\nIt is noteworthy that al-Rimawi is married and is the father of five children, the oldest of whom is (15) years old, and the youngest of whom is three.", "16 Palestinian journalists imprisoned, including 4 in administrative detention, says Al-Asir Club on World Press Freedom Day\nIn addition to the Rimawi prisoner, the occupation has arrested Nidal Abu Aker, Usama Shaheen and Bushra al-Tawil in administrative detention", "16 Palestinian journalists imprisoned, including 4 in administrative detention, says Al-Asir Club on World Press Freedom Day\nThe Asir Club stated that the captive Abu Aker (52 years) from Bethlehem has been facing administrative detention for years, and his repeated detention exceeded nearly 17 years, most of which was under administrative detention, and during these years he faced persecution and constant threats, and his last arrest was In July of last year, when the occupation transferred him again to administrative detention.", "16 Palestinian journalists imprisoned, including 4 in administrative detention, says Al-Asir Club on World Press Freedom Day\nThe occupation also continues to pursue the 28-year-old journalist Bushra Al-Tawil from Ramallah, where Al-Taweel has faced repeated arrests since 2011, and at that time the occupation sentenced her to 16 months in prison, and was released after several months in the (Wafa Al-Ahrar) deal, and re-occupied it", "16 Palestinian journalists imprisoned, including 4 in administrative detention, says Al-Asir Club on World Press Freedom Day\nShe was arrested in 2014, and she restored the rest of her sentence, and after that, she was arrested administratively, the last of which was in November 2020, when the occupation issued administrative arrest warrants against her, and she is now in \"Damoun\" prison alongside her fellow prisoners.", "16 Palestinian journalists imprisoned, including 4 in administrative detention, says Al-Asir Club on World Press Freedom Day\nIn addition, prisoner Osama Shaheen (39 years) from Hebron faces repeated arrests, most of which were under administrative detention. The total years of his detention reached 10 and a half years, of which 5 years were in administrative detention, and the occupation re-arrested him in September of last year", "16 Palestinian journalists imprisoned, including 4 in administrative detention, says Al-Asir Club on World Press Freedom Day\nTo administrative detention again, and two administrative detention orders were issued against him for a period of four months each, given that he is married and father of three children, the eldest of whom is 10 years old, and the youngest of whom is three years old.", "16 Palestinian journalists imprisoned, including 4 in administrative detention, says Al-Asir Club on World Press Freedom Day\nThe prisoner club pointed out that the reality of the occupation has imposed over the past decades on the Palestinian journalist to engage in the struggle in all its forms and tools as a legitimate right to self-determination, whose work constitutes the most prominent tools of the Palestinian struggle", "16 Palestinian journalists imprisoned, including 4 in administrative detention, says Al-Asir Club on World Press Freedom Day\nLife and (46) years old; The prisoner Basem Khandakji, who has been sentenced to three life sentences, the prisoner Ahmed Al Saifi, who has been sentenced to 17 years in prison, the prisoner Munther Mufleh, who has been sentenced to 30 years, and Haitham Jaber, who has been sentenced to 28 years, is imprisoned.", "16 Palestinian journalists imprisoned, including 4 in administrative detention, says Al-Asir Club on World Press Freedom Day\nNote that the prisoners Mahmoud Issa, Basem Khandakji, Mundhir Mufleh and Haitham Jaber were able during the years of their captivity to produce a set of books and novels, where literary and cognitive production is the most prominent tool of the prisoners in facing the occupation policies in their prisons, and part of the affirmation of their right to Freedom of speech.", "16 Palestinian journalists imprisoned, including 4 in administrative detention, says Al-Asir Club on World Press Freedom Day\nIt is worth noting that the occupation has escalated the arrests of journalists since late 2015, which coincided with the outbreak of the popular uprising, in addition to the arrest of hundreds of citizens under the so-called \"incitement\" item on social media. These arrests affected journalists, students, and academics", "16 Palestinian journalists imprisoned, including 4 in administrative detention, says Al-Asir Club on World Press Freedom Day\nActivists, as well as broadcasting companies and radio stations and satellite headquarters over the past few years, have been closed by the occupation with military orders, accompanied by sabotage and confiscation, and some media outlets were closed as a result, and a number of journalists lost their work.", "16 Palestinian journalists imprisoned, including 4 in administrative detention, says Al-Asir Club on World Press Freedom Day\nThe Al-Asir Club renewed its call for international human rights institutions to seriously intervene to put an end to the ongoing occupation violations against journalists, including systematic arrests, especially the policy of administrative detention, and to guarantee their right to exercise freedom of opinion and expression, and also called for the need to support and entrust the journalist prisoner Alaa al-Rimawi in his battle in opposition to the policy of Administrative detention.", "16 Palestinian journalists imprisoned, including 4 in administrative detention, says Al-Asir Club on World Press Freedom Day\nDetecting a revolutionary phone\nOscar Bollywood party in India postponed due to Corona\nA young man was killed by the occupation bullets south of Tulkarm\nEuropean Union: We will not recognize any changes to the 1967 borders\n16 deaths and 1,511 new cases of Corona\nSteven Seagal presents a samurai sword to Maduro of Venezuela\nThe Prisoner\u2019s Club publishes a testimony from the prisoners about the crime that the occupation carried out against the prisoner Abu Hamid", "16 Palestinian journalists imprisoned, including 4 in administrative detention, says Al-Asir Club on World Press Freedom Day\nThousands mourn the body of martyr Adawi in Balata camp\nThe representative of the European Union in Palestine: We will not recognize \"annexation\"\nForeign Affairs: Settler Crimes and American Care of Occupation Boosts Settlement Expansion\nThe oldest of them has a racket for 103 days: Three prisoners continue their hunger strike\n21 Palestinians arrested in the West Bank\nTurkey\u00b4s earthquake toll rises to 114, and searches have stopped", "16 Palestinian journalists imprisoned, including 4 in administrative detention, says Al-Asir Club on World Press Freedom Day\nWarnings of the occupation\u00b4s attempt to sow chaos and security chaos in preparation for the annexation\nIsraeli bulldozers demolish house in Anata\nWashington strongly objects to the International Criminal Court\u2019s decision to have jurisdiction in the Palestinian territories\nKurdish forces arrest suspects in killing Americans in Manbaj\nSettlers burn 1,000 olive trees south of Nablus\nBritain calls on Israel to reverse its decision to build new settlement units in the West Bank"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

http://onepartwords.com/thoughts/lores.html

Fields of Lore

["Fields of Lore\nWords Thoughts Times Past The Map Tools Site Map\nRules for Thought\nRules for Things\nRules for Both\nFields of Lore\nHere is a list of the fields of Lore and what each means.\nThe lore of sound.\nThe lore which tells how a plane is planned, built and flown to a spot on a map.\nThe lore of soil and how to make sure things grow well in it.\nThe lore of things which live and their parts.\nThe lore of how men came to be, how they act, and how they grew to be the way they are in form, in thought and in groups.", "Fields of Lore\nThe lore of how men lived in the past based on ken of the things that were left when they passed from the Earth.\nThe lore of that which lies past the Earth.\nThe part of that which lies past the Earth which has to do with how stars work.\nThe lore of germs and the way they change (or could change) the ways we heal and grow things.\nThe lore of how the small parts of that which is can change the way that which lives works.\nThe lore of life and things which live.\nThe lore of plants.", "Fields of Lore\nThe lore of the heart and how to heal it.\nThe art and lore which tells how to draw maps or charts.\nThe lore of the way stuff is built from the bits that no man could see with his bare eye. It looks at how things are built, how they line up once built, and what will come when two things are mixed.\nThe lore of the All which is when thought of as all things which can be done or which can be in space and time", "Fields of Lore\nThe lore of things which are made of all the same small parts which have formed the same shapes more than once as they joined.\nThe lore of things which live and the spots where they live.\nThe lore of how things which live are formed, first grow and then how they come to their full growth.\nThe lore of the glands of man.\nThe lore of bugs.", "Fields of Lore\nThe lore of things which are made by those which live to cause change in the things which are in them but which do not change as part of their work in the change of those things which have come to be in them.\nThe lore of trees and how to make them grow well in large stands.\nThe lore of genes and how they make the son like the dad and mom.\nThe lore of the way things like the Earth are made and how they can change through time.\nThe lore of of the size and shape of the Earth.", "Fields of Lore\nThe lore of the earth and its parts like lands and seas.\nThe lore of the start, the change through time and the way the Earth is built.\nThe lore of the way things act as it is linked to the Earth.\nThe lore of the blood and the parts which make it.\nThe lore of the way beast and plant parts are built.\nThe lore of time and of how to build things to gauge it.\nThe lore of the ways of H2O and how it can change the Earth.\nThe lore of fish.\nThe lore of the parts of a man which fight to keep him well.", "Fields of Lore\nThe lore of words and how they are formed and said.\nThe lore of tools and how they are built and used.\nThe lore of how man gets sick or hurt and how to make him well once more.\nThe lore of the skies and what and when stuff like rain or snow will fall or clouds will form or storms will come.\nThe lore of the ways to gauge things.\nThe lore of the most small things which live and how they mix with the rest of the things which live.", "Fields of Lore\nThe lore of rocks which tells us where to find them, what to call them and what they do.\nThe lore of plants which are not green and do not need the sun to grow.\nThe lore of the parts of a man which link the parts of a man and the ways it can be messed up.\nNucleonics\nThe lore of the ways the part at the core of a cell acts.\nThe lore of food and the way it helps things grow and live.\nThe lore of the seas.", "Fields of Lore\nThe lore of the way things may grow in man that should not be there. This tells how it comes to be, what it does and how to get rid of them.\nThe lore of light and sight.\nThe lore of life through the trace it leaves on stone and rock.\nThe lore of things which make man sick and how they come to be, how they can be cured or kept out in the first place and what change they will make to a man.\nThe lore of the way rocks come to be, are made, what they are made of and how they can change or are changed.", "Fields of Lore\nThe ken of how drugs can be made and used and what they will do to those who use them.\nThe lore of things and that which lets them move or change and the way the two are linked.\nThe lore of the way that which lives works.\nThe lore of the way we think and how it makes us act.\nThe lore of the ways to make, build and use tools which can do things on their own based on a set of rules which let them choose what to do next.\nThe lore of quakes of the Earth\nThe lore of light which glows.", "Fields of Lore\nLore of the change in the way heat moves based on where your dad is in the house. This is a small field, but it is hard to ken. It is a lore that deals with those who asks things like \"Why must the door be closed to save heat (or cool) when Dad is not in his chair when there is no change of heat when he is in his chair?\" or \"How can the rules of lore work in more than one way based on where one man sits?\" Does he make the rules of the world for real, or is it just in his head?'\"", "Fields of Lore\nThe lore of the way heat is linked or changed to ways to do work in some form which is not heat.\nThe lore of things which are made to kill or harm when they are touched or used as food and how to keep those who touch or eat them safe.\nThe lore of dead RNA or DNA which needs a host cell to grow and the way they harm the host cell and the beast or plant of which the host cell is a part.\nThe lore of holes in the Earth's crust through which hot rocks, ash and gas are passed."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

http://virtualology.com/hallofusa/uspresidents/jamesbuchanan.net/FranklinPierce.org/jameskpolk.net/thomas-jefferson.org/two.thomas-jefferson.org/George-Washington.org/peytonrandolph.com/

Peyton Randolph - First President of the Continental Congress

["Peyton Randolph - First President of the Continental Congress\nYou are in: Museum of History >> Hall of USA >> US Presidents >> Peyton Randolph\nPresident Who? Forgotten Founders - by Stanley L. Klos Peyton Randolph - Chapter Two --\nFirst President of the Continental Congress\nUnited Colonies of America\nBy: Stan Klos\nAbout The Forgotten Presidents' Medallions\n\u00a9 Stan Klos has a worldwide copyright on the artwork in this Medallion.\nThe artwork is not to be copied by anyone by any means\nwithout first receiving permission from Stan Klos.\nU S Mint and Coin Act - -- Click Here", "Peyton Randolph - First President of the Continental Congress\nPeyton Randolph was born in Williamsburg, Virginia, in 1721 and died in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 22 October 1775. After graduation from the College of William & Mary he was admitted into the Inns of Court in London, England at Middle Temple to study law. Upon graduation Randolph returned to Virginia and practiced law", "Peyton Randolph - First President of the Continental Congress\nHe was appointed King\u2019s Attorney for Virginia in 1748 due to his father, Sir John Randolph's influence, as fellow knight and friend, Sir William Gooch, was the Governor of the Virginia Colony.", "Peyton Randolph - First President of the Continental Congress\nPeyton was also chosen as a House of Burgesses representative for Williamsburg in 1748. As the Virginia's chief law officer in 1749 he challenged the apos\u00adtle of Presbyterianism, the Reverend Samuel Davies view on the Toleration Act. This young and influential Reverend claimed that Toleration Act law, like the Act of Uniformity, extended beyond Great Britain to Colony of Virginia. Attorney General Randolph dismissed Davis' assertion and the Act\u2019s enforcement in Virginia", "Peyton Randolph - First President of the Continental Congress\nThe case was appealed by Davis before the Attorney General in England. In 1751 a ruling in Randolph's favor was applied to all the Colonies. This ruling gained Peyton his initial prominence in the Virginia and the other 12 Colonies.", "Peyton Randolph - First President of the Continental Congress\nPeyton's reputation ascended again in 1751 when the newly appointed Virginia Governor Dinwiddie decided to charge a Pistole, a Spanish coin worth about 20 shillings, each time he certified a land patent with his signature. To insure the support of the Attorney General the Governor called, with his family, on Randolphs at their Williamsburg home. As his guest, Dinwiddie turned to business and insisted Randolph support his effort to collect this new \"Pistole Fee\" tax", "Peyton Randolph - First President of the Continental Congress\nRandolph respectfully counseled the Governor that the Virginia House of Burgess must first debate and vote on the measure before the tax could be imposed upon the people. The incensed Governor did not heed the wisdom of his Attorney General choosing, instead, to proceed with collecting \"Pistole Fee\" on every land-patent executed in Virginia without the approval of the Virginia House of Burgess.", "Peyton Randolph - First President of the Continental Congress\nIn 1754 Randolph was commissioned by the Virginia House of the Burgesses to appeal the unconstitutionality of the \"Pistole Fee\" exaction by Governor Dinwiddie to the English ministry in London. In England Peyton engaged the crown lawyers, Campbell and Murray (afterward Lord Mansfield), with marked ability according to London newspaper accounts. The result of his pleading ended with the \"Pistole Fee\" being removed from all land transfers under one hundred acres but remained for the larger parcels.", "Peyton Randolph - First President of the Continental Congress\nMeanwhile, Governor Dinwiddie who did not approve Randolph\u2019s trip was infuriated that the Attorney General left the colony without his consent on a mission authorized only by the Virginia House of the Burgesses. The Governor believed the act to be hostile to the execution of the King's Law", "Peyton Randolph - First President of the Continental Congress\nConsequently, when a petition of the Burgesses arrived requesting from the Governor that the office of Attorney General should remain open until Randolph's return, Dinwiddie utilized this opportunity to punish his subordinate. Dinwiddie denied the Virginia House of the Burgesses request and sus\u00adpended Attorney General Randolph, appointing George Wythe in his place. Wythe, a loyal friend of Randolph and supporter of the mission, accepted the office only until Randolph's return.", "Peyton Randolph - First President of the Continental Congress\nRandolph's promised compensation for the successful London mission, \u00a32,500, caused a long struggle between the governor and the burgesses, who made the sum a rider to one of \u00a320,000 voted for the General Braddock's doomed campaign against Fort Duquesne. The conflict led to a prorogation of the house (When a legislature is prorogued by a Colonial Governor it is still constituted but all orders of the body bills, motions, etc.", "Peyton Randolph - First President of the Continental Congress\nare expunged.) The British Lords of Trade, however, stepped in and ordered the reduction of the \"Pistole Fee,\" and requested the reinstatement of Randolph. The Governor wrote this on Randolph on October 23, 1754:", "Peyton Randolph - First President of the Continental Congress\n\"You must think y't some w't absurd from the bad Treatm't I have met with. However, if he answers properly w't I have to say to him, I am not inflexible; and he must confess, before this happened he had greater share of my Favs, and Counten'ce than any other in the Gov't.\"", "Peyton Randolph - First President of the Continental Congress\nThe English Ministry also sided with the Virginia House of the Burgesses and Peyton Randolph was reinstated. There was a compromise on the final compensation with the new Virginia House of the Burgesses, however, about the money owed to Randolph due to the defeat Major General Edward Braddock near present day Pittsburgh.", "Peyton Randolph - First President of the Continental Congress\nOn July 9, 1755 General Braddock crossed Monongahela River and heard shots from his advanced scouts led by Lieutenant Colonel Thomas Gage. 900 French, Canadians and Native Americans attacked the advance unit which after a brief defense retreated back into Braddock's main Army rushing to the Colonel's aide", "Peyton Randolph - First President of the Continental Congress\nCrammed on a narrow valley road along the river the two British forces clashed and fell into disorder as the French Canadian militiamen and Native American took elevated positions behind trees and rocks firing into the valley. At the same time the French regulars attacked the British head on in the narrow space and Braddock was unable to expand the battle line to take advantage of his superior numbers", "Peyton Randolph - First President of the Continental Congress\nTo make matters worst the Colonial Militiamen scampered into the woods taking positions to fire upon the French Regulars. Confused, the British Regulars began firing upon the Colonial Militiamen believing them to be Canadian or Native Americans. The battle raged on for three hours and Braddock, rallying his men time after time, was shot through the right arm and with the mini-ball lodging into his lung.", "Peyton Randolph - First President of the Continental Congress\nGeorge Washington carried off the wounded General with another officer, ordered the retreat as the British officers with their gleaming Gorgets were prime targets in the battle with 63 being killed or wounded. Of the 1464 men led by Braddock 456 were killed and 421 wounded. Additionally, of the 47 women that accompanied the British column as maids and cooks, only 4 survived. The losses of 250 French Regulars and Canadian Minuteman were 8 killed and 4 wounded", "Peyton Randolph - First President of the Continental Congress\nWashington and the retreating British Army came upon Colonel Dunbar, who was in command of the rear supply unit Dunbar being the ranking British Officer took command of the beleaguered Army. Instead of reorganizing the troops and setting up a defense line to protect the supplies, Dunbar ordered a hasty retreat and the burning about 150 wagons and cannon before withdrawing. The French remained in place where Braddock fell and never pursued the fleeing, still superior, British force", "Peyton Randolph - First President of the Continental Congress\nThe news of this disastrous defeat overshadowed Randolph\u2019s personal loss of funds granted by the Virginia House of Burgesses. Randolph dropped all claim to the money and turned to from his duties as Attorney General further scaling back his compensation forming an association to deal with the disastrous defeat", "Peyton Randolph - First President of the Continental Congress\nThe association managed to raise one hundred men and they marched west, under command of Colonel William Byrd, to revive the remnants of Braddock's Army hoping to reengage the French and Native Americans who were responsible for the ambush. Their scouts quickly learned, however, that the enemy had safely retreated to Fort Duquesne, and the British supplies and cannon was burnt by Colonel Dunbar", "Peyton Randolph - First President of the Continental Congress\nThe Virginians numbers and supplies were not sufficient enough to re-provision the army let alone lay siege to the Fort so they returned to Williamsburg.", "Peyton Randolph - First President of the Continental Congress\nAs the War for Empire waged in the colonies Randolph turned to his duties as Attorney General and member of the house.. The next few years Peyton Randolph chaired a committee to revise Virginia Colonial Law. In 1758, with the work of the committee completed, his efforts focused on improving and restruc\u00adturing William and Mary College. In 1760 Patrick Henry's law license was rejected by Law-Examiners Wythe and Pendleton", "Peyton Randolph - First President of the Continental Congress\nHenry appealed to Randolph for help who spent time investi\u00adgating the Patriot's knowledge of English Law. The Attorney General, along with his brother John, approved Henry's law license after some recommendations of additional reading. Thomas Jefferson wrote:", "Peyton Randolph - First President of the Continental Congress\n\"The two Randolphs, acknowledged he [Patrick Henry] was very ignorant of law, but that they perceived that he was a man of genius, and did not doubt he would soon qualify himself.\"", "Peyton Randolph - First President of the Continental Congress\nRandolph was one of the few intimate friends of George Washington. In politics, Randolph was Washington's mentor who upon Peyton\u2019s death referred to Peyton as the \u201cFather of Our Country\u201d. Jefferson was also an admirer and a cousin of Randolph. In a letter to his grandson, Jefferson declares that in early life, amid difficulties and temptations, he used to ask himself \u201cHow Peyton Randolph would act in such a situation, and what course would meet with his approbation?\u201d", "Peyton Randolph - First President of the Continental Congress\nPeyton Randolph was a political conservative in the cause of independence. As chairman of the committee in 1764 Randolph drew up the remonstrance of the burgesses, against the Stamp Act. Patrick Henry, then a burgess, introduced seven amendments to Randolph's resolution. They were radical amendments and culminated with Henry's famous made his \"Caesar-Brutus\" speech seek\u00ading their adoption. The following day Randolph had to surrender his presiding chair of the Burgess to returning Speaker John Robinson", "Peyton Randolph - First President of the Continental Congress\nBy the smallest majority, five of Henry's \"treason\u00adable\" amendments were passed. A single vote more would have tied the measures and Speaker John Robinson would have cast his vote to defeat Henry's measures. Thomas Jefferson reported to all who listen that Peyton Randolph said in leaving the hall, \" By God, I would have given five hundred guineas for a single vote!\"", "Peyton Randolph - First President of the Continental Congress\nIn 1766 Randolph was elected speaker defeating Richard Henry Lee. Randolph resigned his office as king's attorney, devoting his attention to the increas\u00ading troubles of the country. The burgesses recognized that his legal knowledge and judicial calm\u00adness was a ballast for the sometimes tempestuous patriotism of the very eloquent Patrick Henry. For this reason, Randolph was placed at the head of all important committees.", "Peyton Randolph - First President of the Continental Congress\nIn May 1769 the House considered measures to counteract England's Townshend Duties. Once again Patrick Henry introduced the radical resolves and this time Speaker Randolph supported the measures. An enraged Virginia Governor, Lord Botetourt (1768-1770), disapproved and dissolved the assembly. The following day the members gathered at Raleigh Tavern and adopted a com\u00adpact drafted by George Mason. The measure was introduced by George Washington", "Peyton Randolph - First President of the Continental Congress\nPeyton Randolph surprised everyone by insisting he be the first to sign as Speaker of the \"former representatives of the people.\"", "Peyton Randolph - First President of the Continental Congress\nSpeaking of \u201cformer representatives of the people,\u201d legislatures were being indiscriminately dissolved by other Governors make communication between the colonies\u2019 representatives quite challenging. In 1772 at the urging of patriot Samuel Adams, a Massachusetts committee was formed that would ignite formal collaboration between the colonies. Samuel Adams moved", "Peyton Randolph - First President of the Continental Congress\n\"that a Committee of Correspondence be appointed, to consist of twenty-one persons, to state the rights of the colonists, and of this province in particular, as men, as Christians, and as subjects, to communicate and publish the same to the several towns in this province and to the world as the sense of this town, with the infringe\u00adment and violations thereof that have been, or from time to time may be, made; also requesting of each town a free communication of their sentiments on this subject.\"", "Peyton Randolph - First President of the Continental Congress\nSo began the progression towards independence by a host of concerned citizens groups known as the Committees of Correspondence. These Committees were formed throughout the colonies as a method of coordinating grievances against the King. Some were formed by the colonial leg\u00adislatures while others by \"private\" associations such as the Sons of Liberty. It was the Boston Committee of Correspondence that directed the Boston Tea Party action of December 16, 1773.", "Peyton Randolph - First President of the Continental Congress\nThe first Committee of Correspondence was established on March 4th 1773 in Virginia when the representatives learned that Britain proposed to transport a band of Rhode Island smugglers to England for trial. Dabney Carr, Patrick Henry, Richard Henry Lee, Francis Lightfoot Lee, and Thomas Jefferson met at the Raleigh Tavern to discuss the implications for Virginia and other news pouring in from the other colonies", "Peyton Randolph - First President of the Continental Congress\nSpecifically absent in this initial meeting were Peyton Randolph and Edmund Pendleton who Jefferson did not invite believing that they lacked the zeal for revolution saying \"\u2026 old and leading members up to the point of forwardness and zeal which the times required.\"", "Peyton Randolph - First President of the Continental Congress\nThomas Jefferson, however, miscalculated Peyton Randolph's \"genteel revolutionary\" style who wisely sided with Virginia against the crown and became the Chairman of the Committee of Correspondence between the colonies in May 1773.\nIt would be a year of mild correspondence until news reached Virginia of Britain closing Boston Harbor in retaliation for its Tea Party. On May 24th, 1774 a Randolph led House of Burgess passed Thomas Jefferson's Fast Day resolution:", "Peyton Randolph - First President of the Continental Congress\n\"This House, being deeply impressed with apprehension of the great dangers, to be derived to British America, from the hostile Invasion of the City of Boston, in our Sister Colony of Massachusetts bay, whose commerce and harbor are, on the first Day of June next, to be stopped by an Armed force, deem it highly necessary that the said f first day of June be set apart, by the Members of this House, as a day of Fasting, Humiliation and Prayer, devoutly to implore the divine interposition for averting the heavy Calamity which threatens destruction to our Civil Rights, and the Evils of civil War; to give us one heart and one Mind to firmly oppose, by all just and proper means, every injury to American Rights; and that the Minds of his Majesty and his par\u00adliament, may be inspired from above with Wisdom, Moderation, and Justice, to remove from the loyal People of America, all cause of danger, from a continued pursuit of Measure, pregnant with their ruin.\"", "Peyton Randolph - First President of the Continental Congress\nLord Dunmore, now Governor of Virginia, summoned the Burgess and stated that their Fast Day Resolution \"I have in my hand a paper published by order of your House, conceived in such terms as reflect highly upon His Majesty and the Parliament of Great Britain, which makes it necessary for me to dissolve you; and you are accordingly dissolved.\" The following day 89 burgesses assembled at the Raleigh Tavern to form another association", "Peyton Randolph - First President of the Continental Congress\nOn May 28th the Virginia Committee of Correspondence proposed a Continental Congress and on the 30th two dozen burgesses met at Peyton Randolph's house and called for a state convention on August 1.", "Peyton Randolph - First President of the Continental Congress\nOn June 1, 1774 the Williamsburg community gathered at Bruton Parish Church and along with Peyton Randolph prayed for Boston. After the service the Speaker organized key members of the Williamsburg community to gather provisions and cash to be sent to the people of Boston. July was spent preparing for the August 1st state convention.", "Peyton Randolph - First President of the Continental Congress\nPeyton Randolph presided over the Virginia convention of August 1, 1774 and was the first of seven deputies appointed by it to the proposed congress at Philadelphia. The other delegates were Richard Bland, Benjamin Harrison, Patrick Henry, Richard Henry Lee, Edmund Pendleton, and George Washington. The convention also approved a ban of all exports to Great Britain", "Peyton Randolph - First President of the Continental Congress\nOn August 10th, 1774 Randolph urged the citizens of Williamsburg to assemble at their court\u00adhouse, where the proceedings of the State convention were ratified. Instructions were drawn-up for the delegates that focused on the unconstitutionality of British statutes that sought to bind the American colonies to English taxes and duties. For presiding over this meeting Randolph's name was placed on the roll of those to be attainted by parliament, but the bill was never passed.", "Peyton Randolph - First President of the Continental Congress\nPeyton Randolph traveled to Pennsylvania with the Virginia delegation in late August of 1774. The first meeting of colonial delegates took place on September 3rd in The City Tavern just down the street from what we now know as Independence Hall (yes the true birthplace of the Continental Congress and the Presidency was in a Philadelphia tavern). The debates at this tavern meeting were signif\u00adicant as the decision was made to hold the First Continental Congress in a private, rather than public hall", "Peyton Randolph - First President of the Continental Congress\nAdditionally the delegates discussed the formation of the President and a body of rules under which the colonial representatives would deliberate. Congress convened the next day in Carpenter\u2019s Hall, South Carolina delegate Thomas Lynch nom\u00adinated Peyton Randolph to be chairman. Peyton was elected by unanimous vote. Connecticut Delegate Silas Deane wrote of Peyton to Mrs. Deane:", "Peyton Randolph - First President of the Continental Congress\n\" ... Designed by nature for the business, of an affable, open and majestic deportment, large in size, though not out of proportion, he commands respect and esteem by his very aspect, independent of the high character he sustains ... \"", "Peyton Randolph - First President of the Continental Congress\nHe was but fifty-three years of age in 1774, but was described by a fellow-member as \"a venera\u00adble man,\" to which is added \"an honest man; has knowledge, temper, experience, judgment, above all, integrity--a true Roman spirit.\" His noble presence, gracious manners, and imperturbable self-possession won the confidence of all. He was constantly relied on for his parliamentary experience and judicial wisdom.", "Peyton Randolph - First President of the Continental Congress\nPresident Peyton Randolph, like many of the founders, was a deeply religious man. Strong reli\u00adgious conviction was the rule and not the exception in the Continental and United States in Congress Assembled governments. At this initial meeting, the practice that still remains an inte\u00adgral part of the Supreme Court, U.S. Senate and House of Representatives today began when the Continental Congress invited the Reverend Jacob Duch\u00e9 rector of Christ Church, to open their sessions with prayer.", "Peyton Randolph - First President of the Continental Congress\nThe Journals of Congress report on September 7, 1774:\n\u201cAgreeable to the resolve of yesterday, the meeting was opened with prayers by the Revd. Mr. Duch\u00e9. Voted, That the thanks of the Congress be given to Mr. Duch\u00e9, by Mr. Cushing and Mr. Ward, for performing divine Service, and for the excellent prayer, which he composed and deliver'd on the occasion..\u201d\nSamuel Ward's Diary recorded the prayer as:", "Peyton Randolph - First President of the Continental Congress\n\u201cMr. Duch\u00e8e read Prayers & Lessons & concluded with one of the most sublime catholic well adapted Prayers I ever heard\u201d.\nSilas Deane wrote to Elizabeth Deane :", "Peyton Randolph - First President of the Continental Congress\n\u201cThe Congress met and opened with a Prayer, made by the Revd. Mr. Deshay which it was worth riding One Hundred Mile to hear. He read the Lessons of the Day which were accidentally extremely Applicable, & then prayed without Book about Ten Minutes so pertinently, with such Fervency, purity, & sublimity of Stile, & sentiment, and with such an apparent Sensibility of the Scenes, & Business before Us, that even Quakers shed Tears", "Peyton Randolph - First President of the Continental Congress\n\u201cHaving a Leisure Moment, while the Congress is assembling, I gladly embrace it to write you a Line. When the Congress first met, Mr. Cushing made a Motion, that it should be opened with Prayer. It was opposed by Mr. Jay of N. York and Mr. Rutledge of South Carolina, because we were so divided in religious Sentiments, some Episcopalians, some Quakers, some anabaptists, some Presbyterians and some Congregationalists, so that We could not join in the same Act of Worship. Mr. S", "Peyton Randolph - First President of the Continental Congress\nAdams arose and said he was no Bigot, and could hear a Prayer from a Gentleman of Piety and Virtue, who was at the same Time a Friend to his Country. He was a Stranger in Phyladelphia, but had heard that Mr. Duch\u00e8 (Dushay they pronounce it) deserved that Character, and there\u00adfore he moved that Mr. Duch\u00e8, an episcopal Clergyman, might be desired, to read Prayers to the Congress, tomorrow Morning The Motion was seconded and passed in the Affirmative. Mr. Randolph our President, waited on Mr", "Peyton Randolph - First President of the Continental Congress\nDuch\u00e8, and received for Answer that if his Health would permit, he certainly would. Accordingly next Morning he appeared with his Clerk and in his Pontificallibus, and read several Prayers, in the established Form; and then read the Collect for the seventh clay of September, which was the Thirty fifth Psalm. You must remember this was the next Morning after we heard the horrible Rumour, of the Cannonade of Boston. I never saw a greater Effect upon an Audience", "Peyton Randolph - First President of the Continental Congress\nAfter this Mr. Duch\u00e8, unexpected to every Body struck out into an extemporary Prayer, which filled the Bosom of every Man pre sent. I must confess I never heard a better Prayer or one, so well pronounced. Episcopalian as he is, Dr. Cooper himself never prayed with such fervour, such Ardor, such Earnestness and Pathos, and in Language so elegant and sublime--for America, for the Congress. for The Province of Massachusetts Bay, and especially the Town of Boston", "Peyton Randolph - First President of the Continental Congress\nI must beg you to read that Psalm. If there was any Faith in the sortes Virgilianae, or sortes Homericae, or especially the Sortes biblicae, it would be thought providential. It will amuse your Friends to read this Letter and the 35th. Psalm to them. Read it to your Father and Mr. Wibirt. I wonder what our Braintree Churchmen would think of this", "Peyton Randolph - First President of the Continental Congress\n? Mr. Duch\u00e8 is one of the most ingenious Men, and best Characters, and greatest orators in the Episcopal order, upon this Continent--Yet a Zealous Friend of Liberty and his Country.\u201d", "Peyton Randolph - First President of the Continental Congress\nPeyton Randolph's Congress first consideration to address their grievances with Great Britain was a placed on the table by Pennsylvania Delegate Joseph Galloway. Delegate Galloway's \"Plan of Union\" urged the creation of Colonial parliament that would act in concert with the existing British body. On matters relating to America, each was to have veto power over the other's actions:\n\u201cA Plan of a proposed Union between Great Britain and the Colonies", "Peyton Randolph - First President of the Continental Congress\nThat a British and American legislature, for regulating the administration of the general affairs of America, be proposed and established in America, including all the said colonies; within, and under which government, each colony shall retain its present constitution, and powers of regulating and governing its own internal police, in all cases what[so]ever.", "Peyton Randolph - First President of the Continental Congress\nThat the said government be administered by a President General, to be appointed by the King, and a grand Council, to be chosen by the Representatives of the people of the several colonies, in their respective assemblies, once in every three years. That the several assemblies shall choose members for the grand council in the following proportions, viz.\nNew Hampshire. Delaware Counties.\nMassachusetts-Bay. Maryland.\nRhode Island. Virginia.\nConnecticut. North Carolina.\nNew-York. South-Carolina.", "Peyton Randolph - First President of the Continental Congress\nNew-Jersey. Georgia.\nPennsylvania.\nWho shall meet at the city of [ ] for the first time, being called by the President-General, as soon as conveniently may be after his appointment.\nThat there shall be a new election of members for the Grand Council every three years; and on death, removal or resignation of any member, his place shall be supplied by a choice, at the next sitting of the Assembly of the Colony he represented.", "Peyton Randolph - First President of the Continental Congress\nThat the Grand Council shall meet once in every year, if they shall think it necessary, and oftener, if occasions shall require, at such time and place as they shall adjourn to, at the last preceding meeting, or as they shall be called to meet at, by the President-General, on any emergency.\nThat the Grand Council shall have power to choose their Speaker, and shall hold and exercise all the rights, liberties and privileges, as are held and exercised by and in the House of Commons of Great-Britain.", "Peyton Randolph - First President of the Continental Congress\nThat the President-General shall hold his office during the pleasure of the King, and his assent shall be requisite to all acts of the Grand Council, and it shall be his office and duty to cause them to be carried into execution.", "Peyton Randolph - First President of the Continental Congress\nThat the President-General, by and with the advice and consent of the Grand-Council, hold and exercise all the legislative rights, powers, and authorities, necessary for regulating and administering all the general police and affairs of the colonies, in which Great-Britain and the colonies, or any of them, the colonies in general, or more than one colony, are in any manner concerned, as well civil and criminal as commercial.", "Peyton Randolph - First President of the Continental Congress\nThat the said President-General and the Grand Council, be an inferior and distinct branch of the British legislature, united and incorporated with it, for the aforesaid general purposes ...\u201d", "Peyton Randolph - First President of the Continental Congress\nGalloway provides us with a history of this Plan in his \u201cCandid Examination of the Mutual Claims of Great-Britain and the Colonies and with a Plan of Accommodation on Constitutional Principle,\u201d New York: 1775. The resolution to adopt this Pan of Union was seconded by James Duane. The debates are partly sketched in John Adams\u2019 Works. The plan was entered on the min\u00adutes of the Congress, with an order referring it to future consideration.", "Peyton Randolph - First President of the Continental Congress\nColonial Governor and son of Benjamin Franklin wrote to Earl of Dartmouth on December 6th, 1774, \"yet they not only refused to resume the Consideration of it, but directed both the Plan and Order to be erased from their Minutes, so that no vestige of it might appear there.\" Delegate Samuel Ward says, however, that the Plan was \"not committed but ordered to lie on the table.\" Whatever the case, Galloway's Plan of Union was never approved by the First Continental Congress as opinion on his proposal was sharply divided.", "Peyton Randolph - First President of the Continental Congress\nIn another matter Peyton Randolph sent General Gage a letter protesting his occupation of Boston in his official role as President on behalf of the entire Continental Congress stating among other things the people have \u201cappointed us the guardians of their rights and liberties.\u201d\nPhiladelphia, October 10, 1774.", "Peyton Randolph - First President of the Continental Congress\nSIR: The Inhabitants of the Town of Boston have informed us, the Representatives of his Majesty's faithful subjects in all the Colonies from Nova Scotia to Georgia, that the Fortifications erecting within that Town, the frequent invasions of private property, and the repeated insults they receive from the Soldiery have given them great reason to suspect a plan is formed very destructive to them, and tending to overthrow the liberties of America.", "Peyton Randolph - First President of the Continental Congress\nYour Excellency cannot be a stranger to the sentiments of America with respect to the Acts of Parliament, under the execution of which those unhappy people are oppressed, the approbation universally expressed of their conduct, and the determined resolution of the Colonies, for the preservation of their common rights to unite in their opposition to those Acts", "Peyton Randolph - First President of the Continental Congress\nIn consequence of these sentiments, they have appointed us the guardians of their rights and liberties; and we are under the deepest concern that whilst we are pursuing every dutiful and peaceable measure to procure a cordial and effectual reconciliation between Great Britain and the Colonies, your Excellency should proceed in a manner that bears so hostile an appearance, and which even those oppressive Acts do not warrant.", "Peyton Randolph - First President of the Continental Congress\nWe entreat your Excellency to consider what a tendency this conduct must have to irritate and force a free people, however well disposed to peaceable measures, into hostilities, which may prevent the endeavours of this Congress to restore a good understanding with our parent state, and may involve us in the horrours of a civil war.", "Peyton Randolph - First President of the Continental Congress\nIn order therefore to quiet the minds and remove the reasonable jealousies of the people, that they may not be driven to a state of desperation, being fully persuaded of their pacifick disposition towards the King's Troops, could they be assured of their own safety, we hope sir, you will discontinue the Fortifications in and about Boston; prevent any further invasions of private property; restrain the irregularities of the Soldiers; and give orders that the communication between the Town and Country may be open, unmolested, and free.", "Peyton Randolph - First President of the Continental Congress\n\"Signed by order, and in behalf of the General Congress,\nPEYTON RANDOLPH, President\nGeneral Gage replied:\nBoston, October 20, 1774.\nSIR: Representations should be made with candour, and matters stated exactly as they stand. People would be led to believe, from your letter to me of the 10th instant, that works were raised against the Town of Boston, private property invaded, the Soldiers suffered to insult the inhabitants, and the communication between the Town and Country shut up and molested.", "Peyton Randolph - First President of the Continental Congress\nNothing can be farther from the true situation of this place than the above state. There is not a single gun pointed against the Town, no man's property has been seized or hurt, except the King's by the people's destroying straw, bricks, &c., bought for his service. No Troops have given less cause for complaint, and greater care was never taken to prevent it, and such care and attention was never more necessary, from the insults and provocations daily giving to both Officers and Soldiers", "Peyton Randolph - First President of the Continental Congress\nTwo works of earth have been raised at some distance from the Town, wide of the roads, and guns put in them. The remains of old works, going out of the Town, have been strengthened, and guns placed there likewise.\u2014People will think differently, whether the hostile preparations throughout the country, and the menaces of blood and slaughter, made this necessary. But I am to do my duty.", "Peyton Randolph - First President of the Continental Congress\nIt gives me pleasure that you are endeavouring at a cordial reconciliation with the mother country; which, from what has transpired, I have despaired of. Nobody wishes better success to such measures than myself", "Peyton Randolph - First President of the Continental Congress\nI have endeavoured to be a mediator, if I could establish a foundation to work upon; and have strongly urged it to people here to pay for the Tea, and send a proper Memorial to the King, which would be a good beginning on their side, and give their friends the opportunity they seek, to move in their support.", "Peyton Randolph - First President of the Continental Congress\nI do not believe that menaces and unfriendly proceedings will have the effect which many conceive. The spirit of the British Nation was high when I left England, and such measures will not abate it", "Peyton Randolph - First President of the Continental Congress\nBut I should hope that decency and moderation here would create the same disposition at home; and I ardently wish that the common enemies to both countries may see, to their disappointment, that these disputes between the mother country and the Colonies have terminated like the quarrels of lovers, and increased the affection which they ought to bear to each other. I am, sir, your most obedient humble servant,", "Peyton Randolph - First President of the Continental Congress\nTHOMAS GAGE.\nTo the Hon. Peyton Randolph, Esq.\nThe 2nd most notable piece of legislation was passed on October 14, 1774. It was later called the \u201cDeclaration and Resolves of the First Continental Congress\u201d and it addressed the extending of the Catholic province of Quebec borders to the \"western frontiers\" of the colonies. The Resolves stated:", "Peyton Randolph - First President of the Continental Congress\n\u201cAnd in prosecution of the same system, several late, cruel, and oppressive acts have been passed, respecting the town of Boston and the Massachusetts-Bay, and also an act for extending the province of Quebec, so as to border on the western frontiers of these colonies, establishing an arbitrary government therein, and discouraging the set\u00adtlement of British subjects in that wide extended country; thus, by the influence of civil principles and ancient prejudices, to dispose the inhabitants to act with hostility against the free Protestant colonies, whenever a wicked ministry shall chuse so to direct them..\u201d", "Peyton Randolph - First President of the Continental Congress\nThe question of religion was paramount in the minds of the Delegates. In fact the amount of time that the Continental Congress and the United States in Congress Assembled would spend on res\u00adolutions and proclamations encouraging the practice of the Judeo-Christian religion in forming the United States is quite remarkable", "Peyton Randolph - First President of the Continental Congress\nAlthough the Articles of Association and later the Confederation Constitution did not officially sanction Congress to concern itself with religion, the citizenry, who were soon to be engaged in a War for Independence, did not object to the open union of church and state. Clearly the record, as we will demonstrate in the chapters of this book, indicates that 18th Century Americans encouraged and embraced both Federal and State led Judeo-Christian activities, resolutions and proclamations", "Peyton Randolph - First President of the Continental Congress\nThroughout these chapters you will discover a sampling of resolutions and proclamations that prove both the legislators and the public considered it appropriate for the confederation gov\u00adernment to ardently promote a nondenominational Judeo-Christianity.", "Peyton Randolph - First President of the Continental Congress\nWe, his majesty's most loyal subjects, the delegates of the several colonies of New-Hampshire, Massachusetts-Bay, Rhode-Island, Connecticut, New-York, New-Jersey, Pennsylvania, the three lower counties of Newcastle, Kent and Sussex on Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North-Carolina, and South-Carolina, deputed to represent them in a continental Congress, held in the city of Philadelphia, on the 5th day of September, 1774, avowing our allegiance to his majesty, our affection and regard for our fellow-subjects in Great-Britain and elsewhere, affected with the deepest anxiety, and most alarming apprehensions, at those grievances and distresses, with which his Majesty's American subjects are oppressed; and having taken under our most serious deliberation, the state of the whole continent, find, that the present unhappy situation of our affairs is occasioned by a ruinous system of colony administration, adopted by the British ministry about the year 1763, evidently calculated for enslaving these colonies, and, with", "Peyton Randolph - First President of the Continental Congress\nsituation of our affairs is occasioned by a ruinous system of colony administration, adopted by the British ministry about the year 1763, evidently calculated for enslaving these colonies, and, with them, the British Empire", "Peyton Randolph - First President of the Continental Congress\nIn prosecution of which system, various acts of parliament have been passed, for raising a revenue in America, for depriving the American subjects, in many instances, of the constitutional trial by jury, exposing their lives to danger, by directing a new and illegal trial beyond the seas, for crimes alleged to have been committed in America: And in prosecution of the same system, several late, cruel, and oppressive acts have been passed, respecting the town of Boston and the Massachusetts-Bay, and also an act for extending the province of Quebec, so as to border on the western frontiers of these colonies, establishing an arbitrary government therein, and discouraging the settlement of British subjects in that wide extended country; thus, by the influence of civil principles and ancient prejudices, to dispose the inhabitants to act with hostility against the free Protestant colonies, whenever a wicked ministry shall chuse so to direct them.", "Peyton Randolph - First President of the Continental Congress\nTo obtain redress of these grievances, which threaten destruction to the lives liberty, and property of his majesty's subjects, in North-America, we are of opinion, that a non-importation, non-consumption, and non-exportation agreement, faithfully adhered to, will prove the most speedy, effectual, and peaceable measure: And, therefore, we do, for ourselves, and the inhabitants of the several colonies, whom we represent, firmly agree and associate, under the sacred ties of virtue, honour and love of our country, as follows:", "Peyton Randolph - First President of the Continental Congress\nThat from and after the first day of December next, we will not import, into British America, from Great-Britain or Ireland, any goods, wares, or merchandise whatsoever, or from any other place, any such goods, wares, or merchandise, as shall have been exported from Great-Britain or Ireland; nor will we, after that day, import any East-India tea from any part of the world; nor any molasses, syrups, paneles, coffee, or pimento, from the British plantations or from Dominica; nor wines from Madeira, or the Western Islands; nor foreign indigo.", "Peyton Randolph - First President of the Continental Congress\n2. We will neither import nor purchase, any slave imported after the first day of December next; after which time, we will wholly discontinue the slave trade, and will neither be concerned in it ourselves, nor will we hire our vessels, nor sell our commodities or manufactures to those who are concerned in it.", "Peyton Randolph - First President of the Continental Congress\nAs a non-consumption agreement, strictly adhered to, will be an effectual security for the observation of the non-importation, we, as above, solemnly agree and associate, that from this day, we will not purchase or use any tea, imported on account of the East-India company, or any on which a duty bath been or shall be paid; and from and after the first day of March next, we will not purchase or use any East-India tea whatever; nor will we, nor shall any person for or under us, purchase or use any of those goods, wares, or merchandise, we have agreed not to import, which we shall know, or have cause to suspect, were imported after the first day of December, except such as come under the rules and directions of the tenth article hereafter mentioned.", "Peyton Randolph - First President of the Continental Congress\n4. The earnest desire we have not to injure our fellow-subjects in Great-Britain, Ireland, or the West-Indies, induces us to suspend a non-exportation, until the tenth day of September, 1775; at which time, if the said acts and parts of acts of the British parliament herein after mentioned, ate not repealed, we will not directly or indirectly, export any merchandise or commodity whatsoever to Great-Britain, Ireland, or the West-Indies, except rice to Europe.", "Peyton Randolph - First President of the Continental Congress\nSuch as are merchants, and use the British and Irish trade, will give orders, as soon as possible, to their factors, agents and correspondents, in Great-Britain and Ireland, not to ship any goods to them, on any pretence whatsoever, as they cannot be received in America; and if any merchant, residing in Great-Britain or Ireland, shall directly or indirectly ship any goods, wares or merchandize, for America, in order to break the said non-importation agreement, or in any manner contravene the same, on such unworthy conduct being well attested, it ought to be made public; and, on the same being so done, we will not, from thenceforth, have any commercial connexion with such merchant.", "Peyton Randolph - First President of the Continental Congress\n6. That such as are owners of vessels will give positive orders to their captains, or masters, not to receive on board their vessels any goods prohibited by the said non-importation agreement, on pain of immediate dismission from their service.", "Peyton Randolph - First President of the Continental Congress\n7. We will use our utmost endeavours to improve the breed of sheep, and increase their number to the greatest extent; and to that end, we will kill them as seldom as may be, especially those of the most profitable kind; nor will we export any to the West-Indies or elsewhere; and those of us, who are or may become overstocked with, or can conveniently spare any sheep, will dispose of them to our neighbours, especially to the poorer sort, on moderate terms.", "Peyton Randolph - First President of the Continental Congress\nWe will, in our several stations, encourage frugality, economy, and industry, and promote agriculture, arts and the manufactures of this country, especially that of wool; and will discountenance and discourage every species of extravagance and dissipation, especially all horse-racing, and all kinds of games, cock fighting, exhibitions of shews, plays, and other expensive diversions and entertainments; and on the death of any relation or friend, none of us, or any of our families will go into any further mourning-dress, than a black crepe or ribbon on the arm or hat, for gentlemen, and a black ribbon and necklace for ladies, and we will discontinue the giving of gloves and scarves at funerals.", "Peyton Randolph - First President of the Continental Congress\n9. Such as are venders of goods or merchandize will not take advantage of the scarcity of goods, that may be occasioned by this association, but will sell the same at the rates we have been respectively accustomed to do, for twelve months last past", "Peyton Randolph - First President of the Continental Congress\n-And if any vender of goods or merchandise shall sell such goods on higher terms, or shall, in any manner, or by any device whatsoever, violate or depart from this agreement, no person ought, nor will any of us deal with any such person, or his or her factor or agent, at any time thereafter, for any commodity whatever.", "Peyton Randolph - First President of the Continental Congress\nIn this powerful, historic work, Stan Klos unfolds the complex 15-year U.S. Founding period revealing, for the first time, four distinctly different United American Republics. This is history on a splendid scale -- a book about the not quite unified American Colonies and States that would eventually form a fourth republic, with only 11 states, the United States of America: We The People.\nMore on Peyton Randolph Click Here\nStart your search on Peyton Randolph."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

http://www.dallasobserver.com/news/illegal-immigrants-desperate-to-find-work-in-the-us-risk-kidnapping-rape-and-murder-from-those-smuggling-them-across-the-border-6407874

Desperate to Find Work in U.S., Illegal Immigrants Risk Kidnapping, Rape and Murder

["Desperate to Find Work in U.S., Illegal Immigrants Risk Kidnapping, Rape and Murder\nIllegal Immigrants, Desperate To Find Work In The U.S., Risk Kidnapping, Rape and Murder From Those Smuggling Them Across the Border\nMonica Alonzo August 12, 2010 4:00AM\nMaria was drifting off to sleep on the bedroom floor. She could hear women getting raped in the next room. Only she didn't hear screams\u2014she heard the laughter of male guards.", "Desperate to Find Work in U.S., Illegal Immigrants Risk Kidnapping, Rape and Murder\nThe women had been drugged by their rapists, who had done the same to Maria as soon as she walked into the house. They forced her to swallow a red liquid and handed her some chalky, white pills. She drank the liquid and tucked the pills on the side of her mouth, but they were slowly dissolving.\nThe drugs were beginning to deaden her senses.", "Desperate to Find Work in U.S., Illegal Immigrants Risk Kidnapping, Rape and Murder\nMaria had arrived at the modest three-bedroom house in west Phoenix several days earlier in the back of a white van. She was one of about a dozen immigrants who had hired coyotes to smuggle them into the United States in the spring of this year. They each paid the human smugglers about $1,800 to guide them safely through the treacherous Arizona desert.", "Desperate to Find Work in U.S., Illegal Immigrants Risk Kidnapping, Rape and Murder\nTheir guides betrayed them. They delivered them to other coyotes, who were more vicious than their counterparts. The kidnappers demanded another $1,700 apiece for Maria and the 12 others, including two young boys, they were holding.\nThe armed captors had tried to lock up Maria in the same room with the other women. She was gripped by fear as she watched one of the guards stripping off the women's clothes.", "Desperate to Find Work in U.S., Illegal Immigrants Risk Kidnapping, Rape and Murder\nMaria's husband argued with the kidnappers, telling them that she was sick, that he needed to keep an eye on her. Rather than hassle with a couple of the pollos (smugglers' slang for their cargo), the guards allowed them to stay together.\nAlong with the men, the smugglers stashed her in the master bedroom.\nWhen it was safe, she pulled the pills out of her mouth and gave them to her husband. He slipped them into the pocket of his white-washed jeans.", "Desperate to Find Work in U.S., Illegal Immigrants Risk Kidnapping, Rape and Murder\nShe looked around the bare bedroom at the men sitting on the floor. They were tired and worn. There was a large piece of plywood nailed over the window; a deadbolt on the door that locked from the outside.\nThere was no escape.", "Desperate to Find Work in U.S., Illegal Immigrants Risk Kidnapping, Rape and Murder\nThe pollos had come from poverty-stricken towns in Mexico and Guatemala in search of a better existence. Maria later told Phoenix New Times, the Observer's sister paper, that she and her husband had hoped to find work. Back home in Mexico, jobs were scarce, she said, and the lucky few who found them earned a meager 100 pesos for a full day's work. Less than $7.80 a day.", "Desperate to Find Work in U.S., Illegal Immigrants Risk Kidnapping, Rape and Murder\nThe promise of making a living wage is what drove Maria and the others to walk through the desert for eight days, crawl through tunnels, and move from camp to camp, car to car, and from one band of coyotes to another within the same smuggling operation.", "Desperate to Find Work in U.S., Illegal Immigrants Risk Kidnapping, Rape and Murder\nThe captives called their families back home, or relatives in Arizona, to plead for money they knew the families probably didn't have. Days went by as Maria's family worked to come up with more cash. The impatient guards threatened to beat their captives and dump their dead bodies in the desert if the money didn't show up.", "Desperate to Find Work in U.S., Illegal Immigrants Risk Kidnapping, Rape and Murder\nTerrified and confused, Maria was allowed to leave the room only when it was her turn to help cook for the guards or to clean the house. One of the other women told Maria that they had been in the house for more than a month. The women talked quietly while they prepared meals for the hostages\u2014a bean burrito, a few ramen noodles, or a boiled egg split among four people. The immigrants weren't given anything to drink; they slurped water from a bathroom sink.", "Desperate to Find Work in U.S., Illegal Immigrants Risk Kidnapping, Rape and Murder\nWhile Maria and the other captives played a macabre version of house, they had no idea that a specialized team of police detectives, analysts and U.S. immigration agents had begun a rescue mission to release them and arrest their kidnappers.", "Desperate to Find Work in U.S., Illegal Immigrants Risk Kidnapping, Rape and Murder\nAn anonymous caller had tipped off Phoenix police about the home where the illegal immigrants were held. The tip was passed on to members of a police task force called IIMPACT (Illegal Immigration Prevention Apprehension Co-op Team). The countywide effort to dismantle smuggling rings, arrest violent criminals and rescue hostages includes detectives from the Arizona Department of Public Safety and the Phoenix Police Department and agents from ICE (U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement).", "Desperate to Find Work in U.S., Illegal Immigrants Risk Kidnapping, Rape and Murder\nInvestigators spent three days deciphering the tipster's information. Once the suburban prison was in their sights, they arranged for a SWAT team to raid the house, arrested four suspected kidnappers and rescued the hostages, including Maria.", "Desperate to Find Work in U.S., Illegal Immigrants Risk Kidnapping, Rape and Murder\n\"The looks on their faces; they just lit up,\" Phoenix police Sergeant Harry Reiter, who supervises IIMPACT detectives, says of the rescued hostages. \"They were so grateful. They didn't care that [they would have to] go back south of the border\u2014they just wanted out of the kidnappers' hold.\"\nMonica Alonzo\nContact: Monica Alonzo"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://faulkner.drupal.shanti.virginia.edu/content/jefferson-church

Jefferson Church (Location Key)

["Jefferson Church (Location Key)\nAccording to Absalom, Absalom!, there are at least \"three churches\" in Yoknapatawpha as early as 1833. That number probably includes the one that Sutpen attends, which is outside Jefferson; it is most likely Episcopalian, the preferred denomination for the planter class. And one of them is the Methodist church in Jefferson in which Goodhue Coldfield is a steward", "Jefferson Church (Location Key)\nNothing more is said in Absalom about the third church, but one of the narrators of the The Town says that the two \"oldest congregations in the county\" are the Episcopalians and the Presbyterians (321). On the other hand, on the page before in The Town the same narrator, Charles Mallison, says \"ours was a town founded by Aryan Baptists and Methodists, for Aryan Baptists and Methodists\" (320)", "Jefferson Church (Location Key)\nEpiscopal, Presbyterian, Methodist and Baptist - these four denominations are the only organized religions in Yoknapatawpha throughout the fictions. Various texts refer to one or another of these by name. The 'Baptist church,' for example, is mentioned in three other texts. Gail Hightower's church in Light in August is identified as Presbyterian. And according to The Town the small Episcopal church is \"the oldest extant building in town\" (321)", "Jefferson Church (Location Key)\nBesides the 'third' in Absalom!, this group includes the church that Hawkshaw \"joins\" soon after arriving in town in \"Hair\" (141); the church where Uncle Willy and the boy who narrates his story attend Sunday school; the \"church bells\" in the \"Sunday steeples\" that ring out in The Town to celebrate the end of the First World War (118); and the \"two churches\" in Jefferson that, in Requiem for a Nun, are built before the Civil War using the same brick molds as were used in building the courthouse", "Jefferson Church (Location Key)\nIf Faulkner is being consistent, one of these would be Episcopalian, as described in The Town, which is presumably the same as \"the right church\" that Temple Drake Gowan says she and Gowan belong to (124) - 'right' here referring to the class status of the congregants, not their theological beliefs. And the other would be Presbyterian. However, we can never assume Faulkner is being consistent", "Jefferson Church (Location Key)\nDespite that line in The Town about the age of the Episcopal church, in several other texts the Holston House, a tavern, is described as the 'oldest extant building in town.'", "Jefferson Church (Location Key)\nJefferson Church\nLinked Locations\nJefferson Church in Requiem for a Nun\nJefferson Church in Absalom, Absalom!\nJefferson Church in The Town\nJefferson Church in \"Uncle Willy\"\nJefferson Church in \"Hair\"\ndigyok:node/location_key/13294"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.theledger.com/story/news/2005/05/19/as-vote-nears-delay-attacks/26157659007/

As Vote Nears, DeLay Attacks Bill Expanding Stem Cell Research

["As Vote Nears, DeLay Attacks Bill Expanding Stem Cell Research\nAs Vote Nears, DeLay Attacks Bill Expanding Stem Cell Research\nSHERYL GAY STOLBERG New York Times\nWASHINGTON, May 18 - With a vote on embryonic stem cell research expected as early as next week, the House majority leader vowed on Wednesday to defeat a measure that would expand federal financing of the science.\n\"Once people understand the issue,\" said the majority leader, Representative Tom DeLay of Texas, \"more than 70 percent are against embryonic stem cell research.\"", "As Vote Nears, DeLay Attacks Bill Expanding Stem Cell Research\nMr. DeLay said there would be votes on two competing measures. One, sponsored by Representative Michael N. Castle, Republican of Delaware, would loosen restrictions that President Bush imposed in August 2001 on federal financing of such research. The other, sponsored by Representative Christopher H. Smith, Republican of New Jersey, would encourage research on a different type of stem cell, drawn from umbilical cord blood, by creating a national network of cord-blood banks.", "As Vote Nears, DeLay Attacks Bill Expanding Stem Cell Research\nMr. DeLay told reporters that he was \"adamantly opposed\" to the Castle bill, which has 201 co-sponsors from both parties; 218 votes are required for approval. Mr. Smith's measure, which Mr. DeLay supports, has 41 co-sponsors.", "As Vote Nears, DeLay Attacks Bill Expanding Stem Cell Research\nBecause embryonic stem cells have the potential to give rise to any cell or tissue in the body, scientists and patients' advocates say the research offers great prospects for treatments and cures. But to obtain the cells, scientists must destroy human embryos, and so the research also draws intense opposition, particularly from conservatives and the Roman Catholic Church.", "As Vote Nears, DeLay Attacks Bill Expanding Stem Cell Research\nMr. Bush's policy permits the federal government to pay for studies only on those colonies, called lines, of stem cells that were created prior to his 2001 announcement, so as not to encourage the further destruction of embryos. The Castle bill, similar to one sponsored in the Senate by Arlen Specter, Republican of Pennsylvania, would roll back that restriction, permitting the creation of new lines from embryos that would otherwise be discarded by fertility clinics.", "As Vote Nears, DeLay Attacks Bill Expanding Stem Cell Research\nThe issue prompted intense debate Wednesday within the Republican caucus, which met behind closed doors in late afternoon to discuss it. Some Republicans were seething over a poll conducted by the Winston Group and partly financed by the Republican Main Street Partnership, a group of moderates. Mr. Castle is the partnership's president.", "As Vote Nears, DeLay Attacks Bill Expanding Stem Cell Research\nThe survey questioned voters in 13 Republican districts and found that 66 percent supported embryonic stem cell research, while 27 percent were opposed. But lawmakers in those districts, including Representative Roy Blunt of Missouri, the third-ranking Republican in the House, were not told about the poll and were caught off guard by it.\nMr. Blunt emerged tight-lipped from Wednesday's meeting, brushing aside questions from supporters, except to say that he did not support Mr. Castle's bill.", "As Vote Nears, DeLay Attacks Bill Expanding Stem Cell Research\nAs the vote draws closer, interest groups on both sides are gearing up. In addition to its poll, the Republican Main Street Partnership has begun running television advertisements in support of the Castle measure. But the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops released a competing poll saying a majority of Americans, 52 percent, opposed embryonic stem cell research while just 36 percent supported it.", "As Vote Nears, DeLay Attacks Bill Expanding Stem Cell Research\nOn Wednesday, Cardinal William H. Keeler of Baltimore, the American bishops' chief representative on abortion, sent a letter to all members of Congress saying the Castle bill would encourage large-scale destruction of human embryos, which the church regards as human beings.\n\"I urge you in the strongest possible terms,\" Cardinal Keeler wrote, \"to oppose all destructive and morally offensive proposals of this kind.\""]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.northjersey.com/story/news/bergen/teaneck/2021/06/06/teaneck-nj-bergen-county-unite-israel-parade/7540938002/

Teaneck NJ: Bergen County Unite for Israel Parade draws thousands in show of support for Israel

["Teaneck NJ: Bergen County Unite for Israel Parade draws thousands in show of support for Israel\nA demonstration of unity in Teaneck, amid an uptick of antisemitic attacks\nDeena Yellin\nSeveral thousand supporters displayed their love for the state of Israel in an exuberant parade that, for a few hours on Sunday, transformed Teaneck's leafy streets into a vast landscape of blue and white, the colors of the Israeli flag.", "Teaneck NJ: Bergen County Unite for Israel Parade draws thousands in show of support for Israel\nDubbed the Bergen County Unite for Israel Parade, the event drew a broad swath of participants from around the tri-state area who gathered in a show of support for the 73-year-old state of Israel.\nIt was a strong demonstration of unity amid a recent rise of antisemitism around the world, said organizers, who estimated the crowd that marched up Cedar Lane and gathered at Sagamore Park afterwards to be nearly 5,000.", "Teaneck NJ: Bergen County Unite for Israel Parade draws thousands in show of support for Israel\n\"Our message is remarkably simple and positive: We support Israel,\" said Yehuda Kohn, a lifelong Teaneck resident who was one of the event organizers.\nIncidents targeting Jews spiked 63% in the week after the fighting began between Israel and Hamas leaders in Gaza, according to the Anti-Defamation League, a Jewish civil rights group. Sunday's event was marked by a heavy police presence, with officers and security guards stationed along the route.", "Teaneck NJ: Bergen County Unite for Israel Parade draws thousands in show of support for Israel\nU.S. Rep. Josh Gottheimer spoke at a concert after the parade, emphasizing his strong support for Israel and its right to defend itself against terrorist organizations like Hamas. \"There should never be a question of who the U.S. stands with,\" he said. \"We stand with our ally, Israel.\"\nAcross from the park on Belle Avenue about 150 pro-Palestinian protesters gathered. Separated from the concert-goers by a line of police in riot gear, they yelled \"Israel is a terrorist state\" and \"Palestine will be free.\"", "Teaneck NJ: Bergen County Unite for Israel Parade draws thousands in show of support for Israel\nBut the parade itself wasn't about politics, and there were no raised fists or loud chants.\nThe vibe was more like a gargantuan block party, with old friends jubilantly greeting each other after the pandemic hiatus, and participants singing along and dancing to Jewish rock music that blared from speakers.", "Teaneck NJ: Bergen County Unite for Israel Parade draws thousands in show of support for Israel\nMany of the participants who braved Sunday's sweltering temperatures wore Israeli flags on their backs, waved Israeli and American flags high above their heads, or held up signs that read, \"I stand with Israel\" or \"Jewish and Proud.\"\nTeaneck officials had postponed a ceremonial raising of the Israeli flag scheduled for last month, because of fears that it would stoke tensions among the township's diverse residents.", "Teaneck NJ: Bergen County Unite for Israel Parade draws thousands in show of support for Israel\nThere was no symbolic flag-raising Sunday, but Israeli and American flags were omnipresent and the crowd belted out both the American and Israeli anthems at the concert's start.\nLocal rally:In Clifton, Palestine supporters hold a teach-in and call for justice and peace\nTrending:Fort Lee will donate money to help residents devastated by apartment fire", "Teaneck NJ: Bergen County Unite for Israel Parade draws thousands in show of support for Israel\nAlan Gottlieb of Manhattan, who came with his dog, Anarchy, said, \"I came to show that I'm standing with Israel and the Jewish people at a time when there's been more attacks against Jews.\"\nDeborah Berman of Tenafly said she came with her teenage daughter, Hannah, to show that \"I'm proud to be Jewish and I'm proud to be a supporter of Israel.\"\nNot everyone shared their enthusiasm for the Jewish state.", "Teaneck NJ: Bergen County Unite for Israel Parade draws thousands in show of support for Israel\nRabbi Yisrael Weiss of Monsey, New York, was among a handful of Neturei Karta, a fringe faction of ultra-Orthodox Jews who oppose the state of Israel. He said he wanted people to know that \"the state of Israel is not representative of our Judaism.\" His group stood on a sidewalk protesting the parade with signs and chants, but they were drowned out by the music.\nThree women protesters who waved Palestinian flags said they came from North Bergen but did not want to give their names.", "Teaneck NJ: Bergen County Unite for Israel Parade draws thousands in show of support for Israel\nThe organizer of the event was Allie Orgen, a 19-year-old Teaneck resident, who is taking a gap year in Israel.\n\"I was in Jerusalem marching in the Jerusalem Day parade when a siren went off. There were so many of us that we weren\u2019t able to make it into a bomb shelter, so they had us lie facedown in the street and we heard the rockets fall. It was one of the most terrifying experiences of my life,\" she said in an email exchange.", "Teaneck NJ: Bergen County Unite for Israel Parade draws thousands in show of support for Israel\nHer family was the target of an antisemitic attack while they vacationed in Bar Harbor, Florida, last month. A carload of men hurled antisemitic insults and garbage at Orgen's parents and sister as they strolled down a busy thoroughfare, threatening to rape her mother, Councilwoman Karen Orgen, and Orgen's sister.", "Teaneck NJ: Bergen County Unite for Israel Parade draws thousands in show of support for Israel\nTwo weeks later, several hundred supporters of Palestinians descended on Teaneck to protest Israel, Orgen said. \"Those who staged it said they specifically chose Teaneck as it is the heart of the Jewish community in Bergen County.\"\nShe yearned to create something positive from all of the negativity, so she launched the event with the help of a committee of Teaneck-based volunteers.", "Teaneck NJ: Bergen County Unite for Israel Parade draws thousands in show of support for Israel\n\"It's a celebration where people can gather as a community with love and happiness, to show that we are proud to be Jewish and to support Israel,\" Orgen said.\nDeena Yellin covers religion for NorthJersey.com. For unlimited access to her work covering how the spiritual intersects with our daily lives, please subscribe or activate your digital account today.\nEmail: [email protected]\nTwitter: @deenayellin"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://nbufront.org/MastersMuseums/JHClarke/EdRealityAfricanWorld/EdWorldPart3.html

Education for a New Reality in the African World: Part 3

["Education for a New Reality in the African World: Part 3\nThere is a need to look holistically at African history, good and bad. If African people are to be educated to face a new reality on the eve of tne twenty first century, we must know about the good times as well as the bad times. We must also know that history has not made Africa and Africans an exceptional case. In the great unfolding of history, Africans have played every role from saint to buffoon and we need to learn how to live with the good as well as the bad", "Education for a New Reality in the African World: Part 3\nWe need to understand the triumphs as well as the tragedies in our history. At the end of what I have been alluding to as the last of the three golden ages in Africa, we entered a period of internal and external tragedy, partly of our making, but mainly imposed on us by foreigners in search of new land, new energy and new resources. We made the terrible mistake of thinking some foreigners could settle our internal \"family\" disputes", "Education for a New Reality in the African World: Part 3\nInstead of settling our family disputes, the foreigner turned us, one against the other, and conquered both. This is the great mistake we made in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries at the end of Africa's third golden age. It is the greatest mistake we are making right now. This mistake grows out of our misinterpretation of our greatest strength which is our universal humanity.", "Education for a New Reality in the African World: Part 3\nAs a people we have always been hospitable to strangers. The weakness in this noble gesture is that we have not been alert enough and suspicious enough to examine the intentions of the stranger that we have invited into our homes. All too often in our history strangers come in as guests and stay as conquerors. This is, at least in part, how and why the slave trade started", "Education for a New Reality in the African World: Part 3\nYou cannot explain the slave trade and vindicate or rationalize the European participation in the slave trade by saying some Africans were in the slave trade and sold slaves to the Europeans. In some instances and in some regions, this was basically true. You cannot excuse the European slave trade by saying that slavery was practiced among the Africans before the Europeans came. In some instances and in some regions, this is also basically true", "Education for a New Reality in the African World: Part 3\nBut the system of internal servitude in Africa that existed in some parts of Africa before the coming of he Europeans and the chattel slavery imposed upon Africa by the Europeans had no direct relationship, one to the other. In the African system of servitude which deserves critical analysis, families were broken up but not a single African was shipped out of Africa. In no way am I trying to say or imply that this system was good. My main point is that it was not the same as the European system", "Education for a New Reality in the African World: Part 3\nThe European slave trade was a three continent industry that brought about a revolution in maritime science, international trade and a system of mercantilism that had not previously existed in world history. No Africans had this kind of international contact or were in a position to establish it at this juncture in history.", "Education for a New Reality in the African World: Part 3\nFor more enlightenment on this subject, I invite you to read the following books, Black Mother, The Years of Our African Slave Trade: Precolonial History, 14501850, by Basil Davidson, Forced Migration, by Joseph E. Inikore, Christopher Columbus and The African Holocaust, by John Henrik Clarke and How Europe Underdeveloped Africa, by Walter Rodney.", "Education for a New Reality in the African World: Part 3\nLike most world tragedies the Aflantic slave trade, or the European slave trade, started slowly, almost accidentally. At first the Europeans did not visit the coast of West Africa looking for slaves; they were searching for a route to Asia for the spices and the sweets they had heard about because they needed something to supplement the dull European food of that day. In general they needed new energy, new land and new resources", "Education for a New Reality in the African World: Part 3\nPlagues, famines and internal wars had left Europe partly exhausted and partly under-populated. In the years between the first European entry into West Africa from about 1438 to the year of Christopher Columbus' alleged discovery of America in 1492, there were no slaves of consequence taken out of Africa because there was no special work outside of Africa for slaves to do", "Education for a New Reality in the African World: Part 3\nThe creation of the plantation system in the Americas and the Caribbean Islands set in motion a way of life for Europeans that they had not previously enjoyed. This way of life and the exploitation of the resources of the Americas and the Caribbean Islands, after the destruction of the nations and civilizations of the people referred to as \"Indians,\" renewed the economic energy of Europe and gave Europeans the ability to move to the center stage of what they refer to as world progress", "Education for a New Reality in the African World: Part 3\nThis was done mainly at the expense of African people who are still not thoroughly aware of their impact on every aspect of world history. Education for a new reality in the African world, must train African people to understand the nature of their contribution to the different aspects of world history, past and present, and the possibilities of their future contribution.", "Education for a New Reality in the African World: Part 3\nIf slavery was the African people's holocaust, we should not be ashamed of saying so. We should have no hesitation in using the word \"holocaust\" because no one people has a monopoly on the word and I know of no law that gives a people the right to copyright a word as though it is their exclusive ownership. In relationship to this subject I have previously said that slavery was already an old institution before the European slave trade", "Education for a New Reality in the African World: Part 3\nHowever, the European slave trade in Africa is the best known and best recorded in the history of the world and also, in my opinion, the most tragic. The neglected tragedy of this system is that it did not have to occur at all. Had the European entered into a genuine partnership with the Africans instead of reducing them to slaves there would have been more goods and services to be had, both for the Europeans and the Africans, through contract labor.", "Education for a New Reality in the African World: Part 3\nThe European slave trade in Africa was started and reached its crescendo between 1400 to 1600. This was also a turning point in the history of the world. Europe was emerging from the lethargy of the Middle Ages. Europeans were regaining their confidence, manifesting a new form of nationalism and extending that nationalism into racism. The African had goods and services that the European needed, and the European had the basic technology that the African needed", "Education for a New Reality in the African World: Part 3\nHad the African needs and the European needs been considered on an equal basis, there could have been an honest exchange between African and European and the European could still have had labor in large numbers without the slave trade and the massive murder that occurred in the slave trade. This idea, only a dream in the minds of a few men, could have changed the world for the better had it been seriously considered.", "Education for a New Reality in the African World: Part 3\nSlavery is taught as though it is something that victimized only African people. Slavery is an old institution. It is as old as human need and greed. It grew out of a weakness in the human character and the need to cover-up that weakness by dominating other people. In teaching about slavery, the one thing African people seem not to know is that for most of their existence on this earth they have been a sovereign people, free of slavery", "Education for a New Reality in the African World: Part 3\nThe period of their enslavement is the best known and the best documented in history in comparison to other slave periods in history. When other people were the victims it was comparatively short. Feudalism in Europe, a form of European enslavement of Europeans, no matter what you call it, lasted much longer. This is why a holistic view of history is needed in order to understand this particular part of history that relates to a single people", "Education for a New Reality in the African World: Part 3\nIn evaluating the African slave trade, there was another \"Middle Passage\" often neglected by most scholarsthe Arab slave trade. It is often forgotten that the Arab slave trade in East Africa and the slave trade from North Africa into Inner West Africa was protracted and ruthless. Sometimes the Arabs from the north who were Moslem enslaved Africans in the south who were also Moslems, thereby violating one of the most basic customs of their faiththat no Moslem should enslave another Moslem", "Education for a New Reality in the African World: Part 3\nThere is a small library of books on this subject that most scholars have chosen not to read, thereby making the Arab slave trade the best kept secret in historyalthough it is not a secret at all. Of the many books and documents that I have read on the subject, Slavery in the Arab World by Murray Gordon, 1987, and The African Slave Trade From the 15th to the 19th Century, in The General History of Africa: Studies and Documents 2, UNESCO,1979", "Education for a New Reality in the African World: Part 3\nLike most strangers to Africa the Arabs entered Africa, allegedly. as friends. The Africans who are curious and uncritical about new people, new religions and cultures treated the Arabs as well as they treated other strangers. The Arabs were not always kind in their spread of Islam in Africa. In fact, they were usually ruthless and often disrespectful of societies and cultures that existed in Africa before they arrived", "Education for a New Reality in the African World: Part 3\nIn North Africa the two wars of Arab conquest that came in the seventh and tenth centuries, the first being religious and military, broke the back of Roman influence in the area and replaced the corrupt Roman regimes. At first the Arabs were welcomed in North Africa as a replacement for the ruthless Romans. When the North Africans and Berbers discovered that the Arabs were also ruthless, although in a different way, it was too late because the Arabs now had the military upper hand.", "Education for a New Reality in the African World: Part 3\nAnother aspect of Arab conquest, generally neglected, is the spread of Arab influence in East Africa through accommodation and sexual conquest. Many times the Arabs moved down the coast of East Africa rendering the service of the much needed East African coastal trade. Soon after this, Arabs began to marry or cohabit with African women. This in turn resulted in a generation of African-looking Arabs", "Education for a New Reality in the African World: Part 3\nThese Arab half-breeds facilitated the spread of the trade inland at a time when the Arab face was held in suspicion in this part of Africa. In the fierce competition in the West African slave trade, the Portuguese were driven from West Africa around to East Africa. The Arab slave trade, moving from north to east met the Portuguese slave trade moving up from the south", "Education for a New Reality in the African World: Part 3\nThese two slave trades complemented each other and culminated with the establishment of one of the largest slave trading forts, in the history of the world, on the Island of Zanzibar. This event is well documented in any good history of East Africa, including the Cambridge History of East Africa, and The Cambridge History of Africa", "Education for a New Reality in the African World: Part 3\nBasil Davidson's A History of East and Central Africa to the late 19th Century, and certain chapters on East Africa in his Lost Cities of Africa is a popularization of the subject. There are two old but valuable books on the subject, East Africa and Its Invaders by Reginald Coupland, and the chapters on East Africa in the book, The Colonization of Africa by Alien Races, by Sir Harry Johnston.", "Education for a New Reality in the African World: Part 3\nWhile the East African drama of slavery was unfolding with the Arabs and later with the Portuguese as the protagonists, the larger drama in West Africa was changing the course of history. The Africans, all along the coast of West Africa were being subjected to a form of humiliation never before known, in quite the same way, in their history or human history", "Education for a New Reality in the African World: Part 3\nThe collecting of Africans, sometimes prisoners of war from other Africans, the movement of Africans from the hinterlands to the coast, where very often seven out of ten lost their lives, were forms of unrecorded genocide", "Education for a New Reality in the African World: Part 3\nThis is one of the numerous missing statistics in the attempt to estimate the number of Africans who died in the slave trade within Africa, the number of those who died in the slave dungeons waiting for shipment to the Americas, and the number of those who died on the journey to the Americas. The precise figures will never be known. Good estimations in this case are the best that we have.", "Education for a New Reality in the African World: Part 3\nThere are a number of books describing the tragic living conditions in the slave forts and dungeons along the coast of West Africa. Books written by Europeans tend to tone down the tragedy. Books written by African scholars tend to be academic and objective to the point of being noncommittal to the tragedy of slavery. The following is a brief description of some of the conditions in these slave dungeons. In the early slave trade the forts sometimes contained between three hundred to five hundred captives", "Education for a New Reality in the African World: Part 3\nDuring the eighteenth century most forts had been adaped to the larger scale slave trade and they held many hundreds more. There were sections for the female captives and sections for the male captives. There were smaller and more tortuous dungeons for the rebellious and unruly captives. The conditions within and around these slave holding castles were great tragic horror stories", "Education for a New Reality in the African World: Part 3\nWithin the castles there were no beds, no drinking water, no installed toilet facilities, and no means of day by day sanitary maintenance. The apartments of the slave traders and captains were directly above the main holding dungeons. And they lived there in luxury and were unmindful of the misery and degradation one or two floors below.", "Education for a New Reality in the African World: Part 3\nThese conditions were forced upon a people who had never done European people any harm or had ever allied themselves with the enemies of the Europeans in any way. The Europeans who forced this condition upon African people professed to believe in a loving God who was no respecter of kith, kin and geographical boundaries in the dispensing of his mercy and understanding to all human beings", "Education for a New Reality in the African World: Part 3\nIn their action toward the Africans that would last for more than three hundred years, the Europeans were saying that Africans had no soul or humanity, no culture or civilization worthy of respect, and that they were outside of the grace of God.", "Education for a New Reality in the African World: Part 3\nThe long journey across the sea was another tragic story of misery. Figuratively, the slave ship was a floating city of prisoners presided over by a crew of ruffians gathered from the human scum of Europe. The period of the European slave trade in Africa is best known to us because it is the best-documented. However, the documentation is often confusing because it was created by people who were trying to justify the slave trade", "Education for a New Reality in the African World: Part 3\nMost people, especially Europeans who created most of the documents on the slave trade, write about the subject with the intent to make the victim of slavery feel guilty and to vindicate the perpetrators of this inhuman trade.", "Education for a New Reality in the African World: Part 3\nThere is probably more dishonesty related to the interpretation of this subject than any other subject known to mankind. The African slave trade, like African history, is often written about, but rarely if ever understood. This misunderstanding probably grows out of the fact that we nearly always start the study of the African slave trade in the wrong place", "Education for a New Reality in the African World: Part 3\nThe germ, the motive, the rationale for the European aspect of the African slave trade started in the minds of the Europeans in the fifteenth and the sixteenth centuries. And this slave trade could not have started at all had there been no market for it. The slave trade started when the Europeans began to expand into the broader world. And the market for slaves was created by Europeans for European reasons", "Education for a New Reality in the African World: Part 3\nThe peopling of the so-called new world by African people in the Americas and the Caribbean Islands was an enterprise of monumental proportions. This act would change the status of Europe and the world forever, and the Africans brought to the new world would be transformed into a new kind of people, neither wholly African nor wholly American. They would not easily adapt to their new condition though they gave their slave master, in some cases, the impression that they were doing so", "Education for a New Reality in the African World: Part 3\nThey did not easily give up their African way of life, in spite of the attempt to destroy and outlaw it. This was the basis of massive slave revolts throughout the Caribbean Islands, South America, especially Brazil, and the more than two hundred and fifty slave revolts recorded in the United States.", "Education for a New Reality in the African World: Part 3\nEvery attempt was made through the church and through oppression to deny that Africans hid a revolutionary heritage. There is documentary proof that Africans fought on the shores of Aftica to keep from getting on the slave ships. After being forced on the slave ships they continued the fight. Some fought to keep from being taken off the slave ships. Many, many more continued the fight once they got here", "Education for a New Reality in the African World: Part 3\nIn parts of South America, and on some lslands in the Caribbean where the slaves outnumbered the Europeans, some Africans bypassed the auction block, fled into the hills and the forests and never became slaves at all. Some of these Africans who escaped slavery were called Maroons. The best books on the subject are, The Maroons, by Mavis Campbell, Maroon Societies, by Richard Price, and The Haitian Maroons, and Black Jacobins by C.L.R. James.", "Education for a New Reality in the African World: Part 3\nThe drama of African survival in what is called the new world went beyond drama itself. In conditions that defied human imagination, for a protracted period lasting over three hundred years, Africans, using various techniques, pretenses, and acts of both submission and rebellion, went beyond survival and prevailed in order to live and still be a people in spite of the massive effort to destroy every aspect of their humanity", "Education for a New Reality in the African World: Part 3\nPart of what kept them alive, away from home, is that they would not give up their African culture in spite of being consistently pressured to do so. Many Africans, away from home, depending on the prevailing conditions that could change any day or any moment, had to become two persons in a single body. Some went beyond schizophrenia and changed their personality to suit the prevailing situation in order to survive so that the next generation could prevail."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.duininckchiro.com/history

The History of Chiropractic Care - From Hippocrates to Modern Day

["The History of Chiropractic Care - From Hippocrates to Modern Day\nDid you know that chiropractic dates back to the time of Hippocrates? He believed that if the spine was misaligned, it greatly contributed to the health of an individual.\nThe modern day school of chiropractic dates back to 1895, when Dr. Daniel Palmer adjusted a man that had lost his hearing 17 years prior. The story goes that prior to losing his hearing the man had heard something pop in his back. Upon the adjustment of the man's misaligned vertebrae his hearing greatly improved.", "The History of Chiropractic Care - From Hippocrates to Modern Day\nWhile the medical community criticized this new technique for healing the body, the people who followed in these footsteps found an amazing new way of dealing with illness and disease. Dr. Palmer's theories are still discussed in the chiropractic industry today. Without this man's input into medicine in a time where he was greatly discredited, the millions of people today who enjoy the life changing benefits may never have had this opportunity. There is still a school named after Dr", "The History of Chiropractic Care - From Hippocrates to Modern Day\nThe first state law licensing chiropractors was passed in 1913, and by 1931, 39 states had given chiropractors legal recognition.\nToday, there are more than 60,000 active chiropractic licenses in the United States. All 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands officially recognize chiropractic as a health care profession. Many other countries also recognize and regulate chiropractic, including Canada, Mexico, Great Britain, Australia, Japan and Switzerland."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://cotpw.org/symbol/swan/

Aphrodite: Ancient Greek Goddess of Love, Beauty, and Procreation

["Aphrodite: Ancient Greek Goddess of Love, Beauty, and Procreation\nAphrodite is an ancient Greek goddess associated with love, beauty, pleasure, passion and procreation. She was syncretized with the Roman goddess Venus. Aphrodite's major symbols include myrtles, roses, doves, sparrows, and swans. The cult of Aphrodite was largely derived from that of the Phoenician goddess Astarte, a cognate of the East Semitic goddess Ishtar, whose cult was based on the Sumerian cult of Inanna. Aphrodite's main cult centers were Cythera, Cyprus, Corinth, and Athens", "Aphrodite: Ancient Greek Goddess of Love, Beauty, and Procreation\nHer main festival was the Aphrodisia, which was celebrated annually in midsummer. In Laconia, Aphrodite was worshipped as a warrior goddess. She was also the patron goddess of prostitutes, an association which led early scholars to propose the concept of \"sacred prostitution\" in Greco-Roman culture, an idea which is now generally seen as erroneous.", "Aphrodite: Ancient Greek Goddess of Love, Beauty, and Procreation\nIn Hesiod's Theogony, Aphrodite is born off the coast of Cythera from the foam (\u1f00\u03c6\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2 aphr\u00f3s) produced by Uranus's genitals, which his son Cronus has severed and thrown into the sea. In Homer's Iliad, however, she is the daughter of Zeus and Dione. Plato, in his Symposium 180e, asserts that these two origins actually belong to separate entities: Aphrodite Ourania (a transcendent, \"Heavenly\" Aphrodite) and Aphrodite Pandemos (Aphrodite common to \"all the people\")", "Aphrodite: Ancient Greek Goddess of Love, Beauty, and Procreation\nAphrodite had many other epithets, each emphasizing a different aspect of the same goddess, or used by a different local cult. Thus she was also known as Cytherea (Lady of Cythera) and Cypris (Lady of Cyprus), because both locations claimed to be the place of her birth.", "Aphrodite: Ancient Greek Goddess of Love, Beauty, and Procreation\nIn Greek mythology, Aphrodite was married to Hephaestus, the god of fire, blacksmiths and metalworking. Aphrodite was frequently unfaithful to him and had many lovers; in the Odyssey, she is caught in the act of adultery with Ares, the god of war. In the First Homeric Hymn to Aphrodite, she seduces the mortal shepherd Anchises. Aphrodite was also the surrogate mother and lover of the mortal shepherd Adonis, who was killed by a wild boar", "Aphrodite: Ancient Greek Goddess of Love, Beauty, and Procreation\nAlong with Athena and Hera, Aphrodite was one of the three goddesses whose feud resulted in the beginning of the Trojan War and she plays a major role throughout the Iliad. Aphrodite has been featured in Western art as a symbol of female beauty and has appeared in numerous works of Western literature. She is a major deity in modern Neopagan religions, including the Church of Aphrodite, Wicca, and Hellenismos.", "Aphrodite: Ancient Greek Goddess of Love, Beauty, and Procreation\nApollo is one of the Olympian deities in classical Greek and Roman religion and Greek and Roman mythology. The national divinity of the Greeks, Apollo has been recognized as a god of archery, music and dance, truth and prophecy, healing and diseases, the Sun and light, poetry, and more. One of the most important and complex of the Greek gods, he is the son of Zeus and Leto, and the twin brother of Artemis, goddess of the hunt", "Aphrodite: Ancient Greek Goddess of Love, Beauty, and Procreation\nSeen as the most beautiful god and the ideal of the kouros (ephebe, or a beardless, athletic youth), Apollo is considered to be the most Greek of all the gods. Apollo is known in Greek-influenced Etruscan mythology as Apulu.", "Aphrodite: Ancient Greek Goddess of Love, Beauty, and Procreation\nAs the patron deity of Delphi (Apollo Pythios), Apollo is an oracular god\u2014the prophetic deity of the Delphic Oracle. Apollo is the god who affords help and wards off evil; various epithets call him the \"averter of evil\". Delphic Apollo is the patron of seafarers, foreigners and the protector of fugitives and refugees.", "Aphrodite: Ancient Greek Goddess of Love, Beauty, and Procreation\nMedicine and healing are associated with Apollo, whether through the god himself or mediated through his son Asclepius. Apollo delivered people from epidemics, yet he is also a god who could bring ill-health and deadly plague with his arrows. The invention of archery itself is credited to Apollo and his sister Artemis. Apollo is usually described as carrying a golden bow and a quiver of silver arrows. Apollo's capacity to make youths grow is one of the best attested facets of his panhellenic cult persona", "Aphrodite: Ancient Greek Goddess of Love, Beauty, and Procreation\nAs the protector of young (kourotrophos), Apollo is concerned with the health and education of children. He presided over their passage into adulthood. Long hair, which was the prerogative of boys, was cut at the coming of age (ephebeia) and dedicated to Apollo.", "Aphrodite: Ancient Greek Goddess of Love, Beauty, and Procreation\nApollo is an important pastoral deity, and was the patron of herdsmen and shepherds. Protection of herds, flocks and crops from diseases, pests and predators were his primary duties. On the other hand, Apollo also encouraged founding new towns and establishment of civil constitution. He is associated with dominion over colonists. He was the giver of laws, and his oracles were consulted before setting laws in a city.", "Aphrodite: Ancient Greek Goddess of Love, Beauty, and Procreation\nAs the god of music Apollo presides over all music, songs, dance and poetry. He is the inventor of string-music, and the frequent companion of the Muses, functioning as their chorus leader in celebrations. The lyre is a common attribute of Apollo. In Hellenistic times, especially during the 5th century BCE, as Apollo Helios he became identified among Greeks with Helios, the personification of the sun", "Aphrodite: Ancient Greek Goddess of Love, Beauty, and Procreation\nIn Latin texts, however, there was no conflation of Apollo with Sol among the classical Latin poets until 1st century CE. Apollo and Helios/Sol remained separate beings in literary and mythological texts until the 5th century CE."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://ccel.org/ccel/edwards/works1/works1.xii.i.html

Works of Jonathan Edwards, Vol. I. Preface.

["Works of Jonathan Edwards, Vol. I. Preface.\nIt has long been desired by the friends of Mr. Edwards, that a number of his manuscripts should be published; but the disadvantage under which all posthumous publications must necessarily appear, and the difficulty of getting any considerable work printed in this infant country hitherto, have proved sufficient obstacles to the execution of such a proposal", "Works of Jonathan Edwards, Vol. I. Preface.\nThe first of these obstacles made me doubt, for a considerable time after these manuscripts came into my hands, whether I could, consistently with that regard which I owe to the honour of so worthy a parent, suffer any of them to appear in the world. However, being diffident of my own sentiments, and doubtful whether I were not over-jealous in this matter, I determined to submit to the opinion of gentlemen, who are friends both to the character of Mr. Edwards and to the cause of truth", "Works of Jonathan Edwards, Vol. I. Preface.\nThe other obstacle was removed by a gentleman in the church of Scotland, who was formerly a correspondent of Mr. Edwards. He engaged a bookseller to undertake the work, and also signified his desire that these following discourses in particular might be made public.", "Works of Jonathan Edwards, Vol. I. Preface.\nMr. Edwards had planned a body of divinity, in a new method, and in the form of a history; in which he was first to show how the most remarkable events, in all ages from the fall to the present times, recorded in sacred and profane history, were adapted to promote the work of redemption; and then to trace, by the light of scripture prophecy, how the same work should be yet further carried on even to the end of the world", "Works of Jonathan Edwards, Vol. I. Preface.\nHis heart was so much set on executing this plan, that he was considerably averse to accept the presidentship of Prince-town college, lest the duties of that office should put it out of his power.", "Works of Jonathan Edwards, Vol. I. Preface.\nThe outlines of that work are now offered to the public, as contained in a series of sermons, preached at Northampton in 1739, 609609 This is necessary to be remembered by the reader, in order to understand some chronological observations in the following work. without any view to publication. On that account, the reader cannot reasonably expect all that from them, which he might justly have expected, had they been written with such a view, and prepared by the author\u2019s own hand for the press.", "Works of Jonathan Edwards, Vol. I. Preface.\nAs to elegance of composition, which is now esteemed so essential to all publications, it is well known, that the author did not make that his chief study. However, his other writings, though destitute of the ornaments of fine language, have it seems that solid merit, which has procured both to themselves and to him a considerable reputation in the world, and with many, a high esteem", "Works of Jonathan Edwards, Vol. I. Preface.\nIt is hoped that the reader will find in these discourses many traces of plain good sense, sound reasoning, and thorough knowledge of the sacred oracles, and real unfeigned piety: and that, as the plan is new, and many of the sentiments uncommon, they may afford entertainment and improvement to the ingenious, the inquisitive, and the pious reader; may confirm their faith in God\u2019s government of the world, in our holy christian religion in general, and in many of its peculiar doctrines; may assist in studying with greater pleasure and advantage the historical and prophetical books of Scripture; and may excite to a conversation becoming the gospel.", "Works of Jonathan Edwards, Vol. I. Preface.\nThat this volume may produce these happy effects in all who shall peruse it, is the hearty desire and prayer of\nThe reader\u2019s most humble servant,\nNewhaven, Feb. 25, 1773.\njonathan edwards.\n609 This is necessary to be remembered by the reader, in order to understand some chronological observations in the following work."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.ncronline.org/blogs/where-i-stand/louise-akers-silenced-or-louder-ever

Louise Akers: Silenced or louder than ever?

["Louise Akers: Silenced or louder than ever?\nLouise Akers: Silenced or louder than ever?\nby Joan Chittister\nHistory is a dangerous thing. Somebody ought to be reviewing some of it carefully now -- for the sake of the church, if nothing else. There may be a lesson to be learned here.", "Louise Akers: Silenced or louder than ever?\nIn Richard Attenborough's film, \"Gandhi,\" one scene of Gandhi's life and the revolt of Indian nationalists against British control stands out above all others. Intent on defying new British taxes on Indian salt, Gandhi leads a march to the sea to collect the salt water that would enable poor Indians to make their own.\nIt was an ugly sight.", "Louise Akers: Silenced or louder than ever?\nAs they march in silent ranks to the shore, the Indians are met head on by hundreds and hundreds of British colonial police -- many of them Indians themselves -- clubs and muskets in hand, who systematically beat every rank of unarmed demonstrators to the ground. But the ranks never stop coming. One after another they come, row after row of them", "Louise Akers: Silenced or louder than ever?\nBeating after beating after beating, they walk over one another in ordered formation into the butt of British rifles, certain of their personhood, sure of their cause, convinced of its right.", "Louise Akers: Silenced or louder than ever?\nThe salt boycott -- the boycott that began with thousands of defenseless peasants risking beatings, imprisonment and even death -- led, in the end, to the Indian declaration of independence from England.\nGandhi was clear about the purpose of nonviolent resistance. It would expose the injustice of the oppressor and claim the conscience of the world.\nThe lesson is a sobering one: Suppression does not end revolution; it breeds it. It solves nothing.", "Louise Akers: Silenced or louder than ever?\nThe kind of animal resistance the world saw directed at the voiceless in Gandhi's Salt March is, in most of the world, over. At the same time, women -- and those who support the pursuits of women for recognition as full human beings -- are getting a taste of the same kind of opposition. It is equally implacable. It is at least as powerful. It is universal. Fundamentalist extremists of all ilk and their interpretations of religion everywhere claim one way or another that God is sexist", "Louise Akers: Silenced or louder than ever?\nWith orthodoxy as an excuse and God as an argument, women are denied Torah study and rabbinates in some strains of Judaism. They are denied public access and made captives of their husbands in other places in the name of the Koran. They are condemned as lesser beings in behalf of the Hindu Vedas. They are forbidden ordination -- with everything that implies, including karma and financial support -- in defense of Buddhism", "Louise Akers: Silenced or louder than ever?\nBut rather than discouraging those -- men as well as women -- who argue for the rights and presence of women everywhere, suppression is simply alerting people everywhere that there is no possible justification, on the grounds of femaleness alone, for the elimination of women from public service, from public participation, from adult agency, from the holy halls of religious discipleship.", "Louise Akers: Silenced or louder than ever?\nAnd that's where concern for Cincinnati Sister of Charity Louise Akers comes in. But that's where concern for the church comes in, too.", "Louise Akers: Silenced or louder than ever?\nSr. Louise has been dismissed by Archbishop Daniel Pilarczyk from all diocesan positions and/or conferences on Catholic soil in the archdiocese of Cincinnati due to her support for the ordination of women in the Roman Catholic church. She was willing, she says, to leave the advisory board of the Women's Ordination Conference and to have her picture removed from their Web site", "Louise Akers: Silenced or louder than ever?\nShe was not willing to be forced to retract her support for the continued study of the theological foundation upon which the exclusion of women from Catholic ordination is based -- a clearly intellectually honest position.", "Louise Akers: Silenced or louder than ever?\nAs a result, Sr. Louise, recently recognized by the city of Cincinnati as one of its outstanding civic leaders and, ironically, coordinator of Cincinnati's Intercommunity Justice and Peace Center, will be denied access to the idea development arena of the Catholic community where she is obviously needed most.\nComments that followed the news story detailing the dismissal lamented \"the loss of a voice like this\" to the church.", "Louise Akers: Silenced or louder than ever?\nVoices like this, voices that cry for justice, voices that point out the lacunae in the thinking of the theological community and are punished for their continuing pursuit of truth are not \"lost.\" On the contrary. Those voices ring loud and clear around the globe for all the world to hear. One after another after another. And little by little, one silenced voice recruits ten, a hundred, a thousand, a society worth of others. All of them talking. All of them refusing to be silent.", "Louise Akers: Silenced or louder than ever?\nIf you think not, think Martin Luther or Ulrich Zwingli or John Calvin or Mary Ward or Mary MacKillop or John Cardinal Henry Newman or Teilhard de Chardin or Hans Kung", "Louise Akers: Silenced or louder than ever?\nThink of any number of others without whom we would still be selling relics or teaching merit theology or refusing to allow women religious on the streets or rejecting the concept of the sensus fidelium or refusing to attend the weddings of our children in Protestant churches or disdaining to deny science, scientists, the movement of the sun and evolution.", "Louise Akers: Silenced or louder than ever?\nThe continued suppression of thinkers who call for the discussion and study of the role of women in church and society is not suppressing anything. In fact, more and more men and women are beginning to speak out about it. Which is where Sr. Louise and Archbishop Pilarczyk come in: Like the English, he has the power of the past on his side; like Gandhi, she has the power of the present and the promise of the future on hers.", "Louise Akers: Silenced or louder than ever?\nThe truth is that suppression of thought is more dangerous to the church than any sin the church has ever committed. It has not only driven people away, it has stunted its own development, diminished its credibility.", "Louise Akers: Silenced or louder than ever?\nFrom where I stand, it may be time to forget power and theology, magisteriums and inquisitions for a while. Maybe we should just all sit down and, if history is not convincing enough, read the New Testament. Read the parables, in fact, in which Jesus talks about how to distinguish between right and wrong, good and bad, true and false. Matthew 13:30 may give us a clue. It reads, \"Let both wheat and weeds grow up together till the harvest", "Louise Akers: Silenced or louder than ever?\nAt that time, I will tell the harvesters 'First, collect the weeds and tie them together to be burned. Then, gather the wheat and bring it to my barn.' \"", "Louise Akers: Silenced or louder than ever?\nPoint: Let them all talk until, as a church searching under the impulse of the Spirit, we hear clearly where truth lies for us.\nNot a bad idea, perhaps, for times such as these.\nBenedictine Sr. Joan Chittister is a best-selling author and international lecturer on topics of justice, peace, human rights, women\u2019s issues, and contemporary spirituality in the church and in society.\nPass\u00c8 for whom? And so what for us?\nKiko and Couric: Whew, that was close\nThe United States is having an identity crisis"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.friendspire.com/people/mohamed-majd/130022

Mohamed Majd - Filmography - Friends & Collaborators

["Mohamed Majd - Filmography - Friends & Collaborators\nAs Moroccan Hotel Owner. Raised by her father, an ex-CIA agent, in the wilds of Finland, Hanna's upbringing has been geared to making her the perfect assassin. Sent into the world by her father on a mission, Hanna journeys across Europe, eluding agents dispatched after her by a ruthless intelligence operative. As she nears her ultimate target, Hanna faces startling revelations about her existence.\n2010 . Drama, War, Mystery . 2h 11m", "Mohamed Majd - Filmography - Friends & Collaborators\nAs Chamseddine. A mother's last wishes send twins Jeanne and Simon on a journey to Middle East in search of their tangled roots. Adapted from Wajdi Mouawad's acclaimed play, Incendies tells the powerful and moving tale of two young adults' voyage to the core of deep-rooted hatred, never-ending wars and enduring love.\nC.R.A.Z.Y.\n2005 . Drama, Comedy . 2h 7m", "Mohamed Majd - Filmography - Friends & Collaborators\nAs B\u00e9douin. A story of two love affairs. A father's love for his five sons. And one son's love for his father, a love so strong it compels him to live a lie. That son is Zac Beaulieu, born on the 25th of December 1960, different from all his brothers, but desperate to fit in. During the next 20 years, life takes Zac on a surprising and unexpected journey that ultimately leads him to accept his true nature and, even more importantly, leads his father to love him for who he really is.\n2012 . Drama . 2h 0m", "Mohamed Majd - Filmography - Friends & Collaborators\nAs Abbas Bertale. Zero is a police officer in his mid thirties, pacing the streets of Casablanca, surrounded by loss and futility, and the corruption of everyone around him.\n1997 . History, Drama, Adventure . 3h 0m\nAs Hanani. David, now an old man, is still king of Israel. Among his sons, the ambitious Adonijah and the clever Solomon. The two young men are fierce rivals, since both are prospective heirs to the throne and only one can be successful.\n2013 . Comedy, Drama . 1h 27m", "Mohamed Majd - Filmography - Friends & Collaborators\nAs Hadj. Farid, a young 26-year-old Frenchman, must travel to Algeria to save his father's house. While discovering this country in which he had never before set foot, he succumbs to the charms of a host of astonishing characters whose humour and simplicity affect him deeply. Amongst these is his cousin, a bright and lively young man who has the dream of one day going to France...\nExit Marrakech", "Mohamed Majd - Filmography - Friends & Collaborators\nExecutive producer. When 17-year-old Ben visits his father Heinrich in Marrakech, it is the start of an adventurous journey through a foreign country with a picturesque charm and a rough beauty where everything appears possible \u2014 including the chance that father and son will lose each other for good, or find one another again.\nAs Hussein. A comedy/drama set in a village and centered on a battle of the sexes, where women threaten to withhold sexual favours as long as the men refuse to install a water pipe.", "Mohamed Majd - Filmography - Friends & Collaborators\nAli Baba et les 40 voleurs\n2007 . Action & Adventure, Drama . 1h 30m\nAs l'imam.\nA Thousand Months\nAs Grandfather. 1981, Morocco. A village in the Atlas mountains. A city in the distance. A child. A family facing its destiny.\n1998 . Drama, History . 1h 30m", "Mohamed Majd - Filmography - Friends & Collaborators\nAs Eliakim. The young Jeremiah grows up in a priest's family in the village of Anathoth, near Jerusalem. God appears to Jeremiah in different human guises on several occasions, and makes it clear to him that he has been selected to announce God's message to the people of Jerusalem\nUnder Another Sky\n2003 . Drama . 1h 18m", "Mohamed Majd - Filmography - Friends & Collaborators\nAs Le p\u00e8re. Samy (Nicolas Cazal\u00e9), a young Franco-Algerian, hits a policeman at a roadblock and must flee France. He takes refuge with his grandfather (Mohamed Majd) in Algeria. But he does not speak the local language, and everything is strange to him, even members of his family: Nadia (Amira Casar) his cousin, a pregnant widow; and Qu'Issam (Kheireddine Defdaf) another cousin, who was expelled from France, and hates everything French", "Mohamed Majd - Filmography - Friends & Collaborators\nSamy's grandfather lives in the memory of a piece of land that no longer produces any wealth. Samy will never give the reason for his presence, but the chaotic climate of the country will revive the chaos that is in him.", "Mohamed Majd - Filmography - Friends & Collaborators\nExecutive producer. Mustapha, a young Moroccan living on small shots, meets a couple of Spanish tourists. The latter dragged him into a heavy traffic of hashish. Forced to flee his country, he finds himself on a makeshift boat, among other men. They are determined to clandestinely reach the Spanish shores in the hope of a bright future.\nWaiting for Pasolini\n2007 . Drama, Adventure . 1h 39m", "Mohamed Majd - Filmography - Friends & Collaborators\nExecutive producer. Thami works as an extra in foreign films shot in a small village near Ouarzazate. He became a friend of Pier Paolo Pasolini, who shot in 1966 his movie Oedipus Rex in Morocco. Forty years later, an Italian crew comes to Ouarzazate to shoot a film. Thami thinks his friend Pasolini is back in town and thus triggering cinema fever in all the locals.\nThe shell necklace", "Mohamed Majd - Filmography - Friends & Collaborators\nExecutive producer. A father searches for his son after he disappeared from view, especially after doubts were raised about his possibility of joining extremist groups"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

http://www.twitlonger.com/show/n_1rkd4a7

Ray Manzarek, founding member of The Doors, passes away at 74

["Ray Manzarek, founding member of The Doors, passes away at 74\nThe Doors \u00b7 @TheDoors\n20th May 2013 from TwitLonger\nRay Manzarek, Founding Member of The Doors, Passes Away at 74\nRay Manzarek, keyboardist and founding member of The Doors, passed away today at 12:31PM PT at the RoMed Clinic in Rosenheim, Germany after a lengthy battle with bile duct cancer. He was 74. At the time of his passing, he was surrounded by his wife Dorothy Manzarek, and his brothers Rick and James Manczarek.", "Ray Manzarek, founding member of The Doors, passes away at 74\nManzarek is best known for his work with The Doors who formed in 1965 when Manzarek had a chance encounter on Venice Beach with poet Jim Morrison. The Doors went on to become one of the most controversial rock acts of the 1960s, selling more than 100-million albums worldwide, and receiving 19 Gold, 14 Platinum and five multi-Platinum albums in the U.S. alone", "Ray Manzarek, founding member of The Doors, passes away at 74\n\"L.A.Woman,\" \"Break On Through to the Other Side,\" \"The End,\" \"Hello, I Love You,\" and \"Light My Fire\" were just some of the band's iconic and ground-breaking songs. After Morrison's death in 1971, Manzarek went on to become a best-selling author, and a Grammy-nominated recording artist in his own right. In 2002, he revitalized his touring career with Doors' guitarist and long-time collaborator, Robby Krieger.", "Ray Manzarek, founding member of The Doors, passes away at 74\n\"I was deeply saddened to hear about the passing of my friend and bandmate Ray Manzarek today,\" said Krieger. \"I'm just glad to have been able to have played Doors songs with him for the last decade. Ray was a huge part of my life and I will always miss him.\"", "Ray Manzarek, founding member of The Doors, passes away at 74\nManzarek is survived by his wife Dorothy, brothers Rick and James Manczarek, son Pablo Manzarek, Pablo's wife Sharmin and their three children Noah, Apollo and Camille. Funeral arrangements are pending. The family asks that their privacy be respected at this difficult time. In lieu of flowers, please make a memoriam donation in Ray Manzarek's name at www.standup2cancer.org"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.nowtolove.com.au/royals/international-royals/princess-charlene-back-in-monaco-69887

Princess Charlene is finally home!

["Princess Charlene is finally home!\nPrincess Charlene is finally home! The royal reunites with her kids after eight months stranded in South Africa\nShe was finally cleared to fly back to Monaco.\nBy Maddison Leach\nPrincess Charlene has finally returned to Monaco and her family after a lengthy illness left her stranded in South Africa for months.\nThe 43-year-old touched down on Monday and was quickly reunited with her husband, Prince Albert II, and their twins Prince Jacques and Princess Gabriella.", "Princess Charlene is finally home!\nPosting a family snap to Instagram, Charlene shared her joy at finally being home, writing: \"Happy day today. Thank you all for keeping me strong !! \u2764\"\nThe photo showed her cuddled up to her husband, one arm around his neck as they each rested a hand on their children's shoulders.\nCharlene was the only person wearing a mask in the photo, donning a simply black face covering that matched her all-black outfit.", "Princess Charlene is finally home!\nShe flew from South Africa to Nice, France via private jet before boarding a helicopter which flew her home to Monaco, where her family were waiting.\nThe princess spent the better part of the last year stranded in her home country, South Africa, after falling ill with a severe ear, nose and throat infection in May.\nInternational RoyalsPrincess Charlene's going home! Prince Albert reveals plans for her return after illness kept her separated from her family for months", "Princess Charlene is finally home!\nInternational RoyalsPrincess Charlene's tragic family loss amid the health battle that has kept her stranded in South Africa for months\nThough she is understood to have contracted the illness before she travelled to South Africa, it was only detected once she was already in the country for a funeral and wildlife conservation project.\nThe royal then required surgery and was grounded by doctors until she was deemed well enough to travel, which wouldn't be for eight months.", "Princess Charlene is finally home!\nShe went on to require follow up surgeries to treat complications from the first operation and was forced to remain separated from her seven-year-old children for much of that time.\nAlbert brough Gabriella and Jacques to South Africa in August to reunite with their mother briefly while she recovered from one of her procedures.\nBut the visit only ignited more speculation about Charlene's extended stay in South Africa, which some insiders have suggested may have been sparked by marital issues.", "Princess Charlene is finally home!\nCharlene and Albert, 63, wed in 2011 amid rumours that the former Olympian was trying to escape the marriage \u2013 which Albert and palace officials have vehemently denied.\nIn the years since, there has been talk of \"tension\" between the couple, especially over Albert's love children.\nThe royal has two children born out of wedlock that he has acknowledged; daughter Jazmin Grace Grimaldi, 29, and son Alexandre Coste, 18.", "Princess Charlene is finally home!\nJazmin Grace Grimaldi, 29, and Alexandre Coste, 18 are Prince Albert's eldest children. (Instagram)\nBoth were conceived and born before he wed Charlene, but over the last decade there have been reports of other women claiming to have children by Albert.\nMost recently, a woman alleged that the prince fathered a child with her in the early days of his relationship with Charlene.", "Princess Charlene is finally home!\nThe princess travelled to South Africa just months after the reports surfaced, leading some royal watchers to speculate that the love child rumours had inspired her international trip.\nHowever, both she and Albert have denied any rumours about issues in their marriage and have continued to publicly voice their love and support for one another.\nPrincess Charlene and her husband have put up a united front. (Getty)", "Princess Charlene is finally home!\n\"She didn't leave Monaco in a huff! She didn't leave because she was mad at me or at anybody else,\" Albert told People in September.\nThe prince insisted that his wife went to South Africa to spend time with family and work on her charity projects in the country and only stayed so long because of her illness.\n\"She didn't go into exile. It was absolutely just a medical problem which had to be treated.\"", "Princess Charlene is finally home!\nView GalleryInside Princess Charlene & Prince Albert of Monaco's surprisingly low-key family life with their twins Prince Jacques & Princess Gabriella\nMaddison Leach\nMaddison Leach is a digital writer and manages the print-to-digital relationship for The Australian Women's Weekly. She loves all things fashion, beauty, reality TV and royals.\nCharlene Princess of Monaco,\nAlbert II Prince of Monaco\nundefined: Maddison Leach"]

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0.0], [3308, 3469, 0.0], [3469, 3539, 0.0], [3539, 3672, 0.0], [3672, 3849, 0.0], [3849, 3943, 0.0], [3943, 4094, 0.0], [4094, 4109, 0.0], [4109, 4286, 0.0], [4286, 4315, 0.0], [4315, 4342, 0.0], [4342, 4367, 0.0]], \"rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction\": [[0, 112, 0.04464286], [112, 159, 0.04255319], [159, 177, 0.16666667], [177, 311, 0.03731343], [311, 466, 0.06451613], [466, 618, 0.03289474], [618, 748, 0.00769231], [748, 878, 0.00769231], [878, 1028, 0.04], [1028, 1195, 0.0239521], [1195, 1350, 0.03870968], [1350, 1486, 0.04411765], [1486, 1686, 0.015], [1686, 1826, 0.00714286], [1826, 2008, 0.00549451], [2008, 2155, 0.04081633], [2155, 2323, 0.02380952], [2323, 2492, 0.02366864], [2492, 2605, 0.01769912], [2605, 2743, 0.04347826], [2743, 2843, 0.08], [2843, 2997, 0.01948052], [2997, 3123, 0.01587302], [3123, 3308, 0.01621622], [3308, 3469, 0.01242236], [3469, 3539, 0.04285714], [3539, 3672, 0.04511278], [3672, 3849, 0.01694915], [3849, 3943, 0.0212766], [3943, 4094, 0.0794702], [4094, 4109, 0.13333333], [4109, 4286, 0.05084746], [4286, 4315, 0.10344828], [4315, 4342, 0.18518519], [4342, 4367, 0.08]], \"rps_doc_ml_palm_score\": [[0, 4367, 0.61743063]], \"rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score\": [[0, 4367, null]], \"rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score\": [[0, 4367, 0.86243594]], \"rps_doc_books_importance\": [[0, 4367, 46.71552084]], \"rps_doc_openwebtext_importance\": [[0, 4367, 62.61951833]], \"rps_doc_wikipedia_importance\": [[0, 4367, 25.16125172]], \"rps_doc_num_sentences\": [[0, 4367, 33.0]]}"}

RedPajama-Data-V2

https://emu.edu/events/detail.php?id=17382

Preparatory Music Recitals Sunday April 14, 2013 Martin Chapel Preparatory students of all ages and levels playing a variety of instruments (violin, piano, flute, guitar, cello) perform at these recitals. Audiences will hear a kaleidoscope of music! The r

["ecital is open to the public. Admission is free.\nRecitals will be held at 1:00, 3:00 and 5:00 pm in the Recital Hall and Martin Chapel.\nPreparatory Music"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2003/10/print/20031003-7.html

one individual to serve in his administration: The President intends to nominate James B. Comey, of New York, to be Deputy Attorney General at the Department of Justice. Comey currently serves as United States Attorney for the Southern District of New Yor

["k, where he has served since January of 2002. Prior to being\nappointed to this position, he served as Managing Assistant U.S.\nAttorney in charge of the Richmond Division of the Office of United", "\nStates Attorney for the Eastern District of Virginia. He earlier\nserved in the U.S. Attorney's Office for the Southern District of New\nYork, eventually serving as Deputy Chief of the Criminal Division.\nComey is a graduate of The College of William and Mary, and earned his\nlaw degree from the University of Chicago."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.justice.gov/usao-sd/pr/rosebud-woman-pleads-guilty-assault

District of South Dakota DIVISIONSAdministrative Division PROGRAMSCommunity Prosecution Strategy Reentry Program You are hereU.S. Attorneys » District of South Dakota » News Justice News Tuesday, April 23, 2013 Rosebud Woman Pleads Guilty To Assault

["", "\nUnited States Attorney Brendan V. Johnson announced that Toni Good Shield, a/k/a Toni Little Thunder, age 29, of Rosebud, South Dakota appeared before U.S. District Judge Roberto A. Lange on April 16, 2013 and pled guilty to Assault Resulting in Substantial Bodily Injury. The maximum penalty upon conviction is 5 years in custody, a $250,000 fine, or both; 3 years of supervised release; and a $100 special assessment", "\nThe conviction stems from an incident that took place on February 7, 2013 when Good Shield kicked the victim causing a fracture to her left leg and a bloody nose. The investigation was conducted by the Rosebud Sioux Tribe Law Enforcement Services. The case is being prosecuted by Assistant U.S. Attorney Marie H. Ruettgers. A presentence investigation was ordered and a sentencing date was set for July 8, 2013. The defendant was remanded to the custody of the U.S. Marshal pending sentencing", "\nSD 2015 Annual Report\nThe U.S. Attorney's\nOffice Announces2015 Annual Report\nThe Office of U.S. Attorney\nSouth Dakota Community Prosecution Strategy\nTraining and seminars for\nFederal, State, and Local\nLaw Enforcement Agencies.\nLocate a Prison, Inmate, or Sex Offender\nReport Waste, Fraud, Abuse or Misconduct to the Inspector General\nRegister, Apply for Permits, or Request Records\nIdentify Our Most Wanted Fugitives\nReport and Identify Missing Persons"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.plymouth.edu/news/psu-environmnetal-literacy-project-featured-in-nwf-campus-ecology-yearbook/

PSU Environmnetal Literacy Project Featured in NWF Campus Ecology Yearbook January 27th, 2006 by Adam Once again, students, faculty, and staff remind the nation of the energy, passion and ingenuity they bring to the tasks of healing our environment and ec

["onomy.", "\nThe nation\u2019s leading conservation education and advocacy group recently released the 16th edition of the Campus Ecology Yearbook for 2005. The current edition includes 56 case studies from more than 40 higher education institutions in the U.S. and Canada focusing on conservation and sustainability projects ranging from examining biodiversity on campus, to recycling and waste reduction, to environmental literacy. The campuses featured in the Yearbook are enrolled in the Campus Ecology program at NWF", "\nAmong the 56 projects highlighted in the new edition of the Yearbook, an environmental literacy project implemented by the Plymouth State University (PSU) provides a striking example. The University Environmental Committee (UEC) and the student group, Common Ground, developed a project to raise environmental awareness on campus. They chose \u201cGo Green! Sustainable Campus, Sustainable World\u201d as the title of their project", "\nThe \u201cGo Green!\u201d logo was printed on reusable insulated mugs which were distributed to new students and members of the faculty and staff, and were also available for purchase. Those who had the mug received a discount on beverages at the snack bar and coffee shop. The logo was also printed on Frisbees used as plates for campus cookouts", "\nThe project also included guest speakers and a panel discussion focused on the topic of \u201cEnvironmental Justice,\u201d environmental workshops, and collaborative planning for Earth Day activities. This project was conducted with support from the UEC and Common Ground. The project participants would like to give special thanks to Common Ground President, Karen DeWitt, and Bill Crangle, the Vice President of Financial Affairs", "\nPublished each year since 1989, NWF\u2019s Campus Ecology Yearbook is the only publication of its kind in the U.S. The 2005 projects are available online along with previous year\u2019s entries sorted by project topic and state and archived on NWF\u2019s Campus Ecology website. The case studies include information on the campus\u2019 project goals, successes and challenges, funding strategies and contact information for the project leader and the campus", "\nAccording to PSU, \u201cThe Campus Ecology staff, especially Kristy Jones, provided crucial assistance in helping us organize the three successful workshops that we held on campus on March 9 and 10 [of 2005].\u201d Kristy Jones, NWF\u2019s Manager of Campus Climate Action and Education replies, \u201cPSU\u2019s environmental literacy project provides a national example that other campuses in the U.S. and abroad can follow", "\nWe are excited to be able to document and help share PSU\u2019s commitment to conservation and stewardship with a broader public.\u201d", "\nNWF\u2019s Campus Ecology program is currently working with more than 200 campuses on projects that address climate change and protect and restore wildlife and wildlife habitat. Campus Ecology provides project support, recognition, resources, speakers, campus-based fellowships, and internships for graduates. The website address is: www.nwf.org/campusecology. Campus teams generally enroll as members and apply for recognition or fellowships early in the school year.", "\nThe nation\u2019s largest member-supported conservation education and advocacy group, the National Wildlife Federation, unites people from all walks of life to protect nature, wildlife and the world we all share. The Federation has educated and inspired families to uphold America\u2019s conservation tradition since 1936. The 2005 Campus Ecology Yearbook was funded in part with the support of the Kendeda Sustainability Fund of the Tides Foundation. Posted in | Leave a Comment", "\n\u00ab Boutilier scores 1,000th career point in PSU Men\u2019s Basketball victory\nFeeney\u2019s overtime goal lifts PSU Men\u2019s Ice Hockey past Wentworth in see-saw battle \u00bb"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://theglasgowstory.com/image/?inum=TGSA05024

TheGlasgowStory

["TheGlasgowStory\nStirling Coach\nOld College Inner Court\nMitchell Library\nThe Inner Court of Old College, University of Glasgow, drawn by Robert Billings in 1848. The figure in the niche above the arched doorway linking the inner with the outer courtyards is that of Zachary Boyd. Minister of the Barony Church in Glasgow, as well as Dean of Faculty, Rector and Vice-Chancellor at the University, Boyd left the University his manuscripts, books and \u00a320,000 to provide new buildings and establish bursaries.", "TheGlasgowStory\nThe Inner Court was the larger of the two courtyards or quadrangles in the complex off High Street. It was 103 feet long and 79 feet wide, paved with hewn stone and was enclosed by buildings of three storeys with conical towers. The University tower rose high above the western entrance to the square. It had a lightning rod on its north side and a clock which had a face for each side of the tower.\nReference: Mitchell Library, f720.941BIL", "TheGlasgowStory\nBarony Church, benefactors, busts, clock towers, clocks, courtyards, inner court, lightning rods, ministers, Old College, quadrangles, rectors, sculptures, towers, University of Glasgow"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://gsas.yale.edu/gateway/alumni

Alumni | Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences

["Alumni | Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences\nAlumni of the Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences teach and conduct research in virtually all the world's most distinguished universities, and serve in leadership roles in many non-academic settings. There are now approximately 25,000 living alumni of the Graduate School.", "Alumni | Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences\nThe Yale Alumni Association provides a number of resources to help alumni continue to participate in the Yale community, not only by remaining connected to their colleagues, but also by becoming involved in the professional development of new generations of scholars who graduate each year from Yale. The Office of Career Strategy also invites alumni to speak to graduate students about career opportunities in non-academic settings", "Alumni | Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences\nMany alumni support the work of the Graduate School and their own individual departments by making contributions to the Annual Fund."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://uofupress.lib.utah.edu/humanist-mystics/

Humanist Mystics | The University of Utah Press

["Humanist Mystics | The University of Utah Press\nWhen the Ottoman Empire met its demise in the early twentieth century, the new Republic of Turkey closed down the Sufi orders, rationalizing that they were antimodern. Yet the nascent nation, faced with defining its cultural heritage, soon began to promote the legacies of three Sufi saints: Mevlana Celaleddin Rumi, Hac\u0131 Bekta\u015f Veli, and Yunus Emre", "Humanist Mystics | The University of Utah Press\nTheir Turkish ethnicity, along with universalist themes found in their poetry and legends\u2014of love, peace, fellowship, and tolerance\u2014became the focus of their commemoration. With this reinterpretation of their characters\u2014part of a broader secularist project\u2014these saints came to be considered the great Turkish humanists", "Humanist Mystics | The University of Utah Press\nTheir veneration came to play an important role in the nationalist formulation of Turkish culture, but the universalism of their humanism has exposed fissures in society over the place of religion in the nation.", "Humanist Mystics | The University of Utah Press\nHumanist Mystics is the first book to examine Islam and secularism within Turkish nationalist ideology through the lens of commemorated saints. Soileau surveys Anatolian and Turkish religious and political history as the context for his closer attention to the lives and influence of these three Sufi saints", "Humanist Mystics | The University of Utah Press\nBy comparing premodern hagiographic and scholarly representations with twentieth-century monographs, literary works, artistic media, and commemorative ceremonies, he shows how the saints have been transformed into humanist mystics and how this change has led to debates about their character and relevance.", "Humanist Mystics | The University of Utah Press\nMark Soileau received his Ph.D. in religious studies from the University of California, Santa Barbara. He is currently associate professor of anthropology at Hacettepe University in Ankara, Turkey.\nPrologue: Shape-Shifting Saints\n1. Commemoration, Saints, and Nationalization\n2. Nationalism, Secularism, and the Rise of Humanist Mystics\n3. Our Master: Memories of Mevlana Celaleddin Rumi\n4. The Fountainhead: Memories of Hac\u0131 Bekta\u015f Veli\n5. Our Yunus: Memories of Yunus Emre\nEpilogue: Saint-Shaping Shifts", "Humanist Mystics | The University of Utah Press\n\u201cFocusing on the place held by three immensely popular Sufi saints\u2014Rumi, Yunus Emre, and Haji Bektash\u2014in the Turkish imagination, and tracing their transformations through the centuries, Soileau provides a fascinating insight into the religious sensibilities and social and political conflicts of modern Turkey", "Humanist Mystics | The University of Utah Press\nHe perceptively reconstructs contestations about the nature of their sainthood that allowed socialists and nationalists, Alevis and Sunnis, humanists and Islamists to appropriate these saints as icons symbolising their own worldview.\u201d"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

http://goddesses-and-gods.blogspot.com/2008_03_31_archive.html?widgetType=BlogArchive&widgetId=BlogArchive1&action=toggle&dir=open&toggle=DAILY-1280905200000&toggleopen=DAILY-1206946800000

Monday, 31 March 2008 - Goddesses and Gods

["Monday, 31 March 2008 - Goddesses and Gods\nPIDRAY is the Canaanite Goddess of mist. She is one of the daughters of Baal, the great God of rain. As such, she is also called DAUGHTER OF THE MIST, DAUGHTER OF LIGHTNING, or the MAIDEN OF LIGHT. She is romantically involved with Athtar, son of Athirat, who is identified with the Semitic Asherah. Along with her sisters Tallay and Arsay, she is one of the Perfect Brides, as they are referred to in the Epic of Baal", "Monday, 31 March 2008 - Goddesses and Gods\nKeywords: goddess lilith roman goddess peace ishta devata pele goddess greek hecate black spiral dancer freemasonry full moon ceremony egyptian underworld hildigunn dreaming you h.p lovecraft books\nTohil", "Monday, 31 March 2008 - Goddesses and Gods\nTohil (also spelt Tojil) was a deity of the K'iche' Maya in the Late Postclassic period of Mesoamerica. At the time of the Spanish Conquest, Tohil was the patron god of the K'iche'. Tohil's principal function was that of a fire deity and he was also both a sun god and the god of rain. Tohil was also associated with mountains and he was a god of war, sacrifice and sustenance", "Monday, 31 March 2008 - Goddesses and Gods\nIn the K'iche' epic Popul Vuh, after the first people were created, they gathered at the mythical Tollan, the Place of the Seven Caves, to receive their language and their gods. The K'iche', and others, there received Tohil. Tohil demanded blood sacrifice from the K'iche' and so they offered their own blood and also that of sacrificed captives taken in battle. In the Popul Vuh this consumption of blood by Tohil is likened to the suckling of an infant by its mother", "Monday, 31 March 2008 - Goddesses and Gods\nTohil may originally have been the same god as Q'uq'umatz, and shared the attributes of the feathered serpent with that deity, but they later diverged and each deity came to have a separate priesthood. Sculptures of a human face emerging between the jaws of a serpent were common from the end of the Classic Period through to the Late Postclassic and may represent Q'uq'umatz in the act of carrying Hunahpu, the youthful avatar of the sun god Tohil, across the sky", "Monday, 31 March 2008 - Goddesses and Gods\nBecause of his association with human sacrifice, Tohil was one of the first deities that the Spanish clergy tried to eradicate after the Conquest.", "Monday, 31 March 2008 - Goddesses and Gods\nKeywords: feast sekhmet father frost italian gods goddesses uzume mikoto celtic goddess fenta goddess persephone grim reaper goddess kermeese comes years tarot decks your workbook witchcraft art find magic online help"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://scholarship.law.georgetown.edu/facpub/528/

"Highways and Bi-Ways for Environmental Justice" by Richard J. Lazarus

["Highways and Bi-Ways for Environmental Justice by Richard J. Lazarus\nHome > Faculty > Publications > 528\nHighways and Bi-Ways for Environmental Justice\nRichard J. Lazarus, Georgetown University Law CenterFollow", "Highways and Bi-Ways for Environmental Justice by Richard J. Lazarus\nThe purpose of this essay is to discuss the past, present, and future of the environmental justice movement as illustrated by the highway between Selma and Montgomery in Alabama and the highway system surrounding the City of Atlanta in neighboring Georgia. The essay is divided into three parts. The first part describes environmental justice, seeking both to place it in a broader historical perspective and to discuss how it relates to civil rights law and environmental law", "Highways and Bi-Ways for Environmental Justice by Richard J. Lazarus\nThe second part undertakes a closer examination of the challenges presented by efforts to fashion positive law to address environmental justice norms. This discussion considers why it has proven so difficult for both civil rights and environmental law to evolve in a responsive fashion. Particular attention is paid to Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which has been an area of emphasis for many in the environmental justice movement", "Highways and Bi-Ways for Environmental Justice by Richard J. Lazarus\nFinally, the essay speculates on where progress is more likely to be made in the future in terms of securing legal bases for the promotion of environmental justice objectives. The essay concludes that the two highways that bookend the essay suggest possible bi-ways to environmental justice based on both environmental and civil rights laws.", "Highways and Bi-Ways for Environmental Justice by Richard J. Lazarus\nAdopted from 31 Cumb. L. Rev. 569-597 (2001) by permission; \u00a9 2001 by Cumberland Law Review\n31 Cumb. L. Rev. 569-597 (2001)\nLazarus, Richard J., \"Highways and Bi-Ways for Environmental Justice\" (2001). Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works. 528.\nhttps://scholarship.law.georgetown.edu/facpub/528\nCivil Rights and Discrimination Commons, Environmental Law Commons"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://psych.rutgers.edu/about-us/about-the-psychology-department/252-sel

Page cannot be found

["Page cannot be found\nFor information about SEL Certificate Programs please go to SELinSchools.org\nFor specific questions, please email This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. .\nInstruction_in_SEL_Char_Flyer.pdf\nSECD Online Course Overview\nInstruction in Social-Emotional Learning and Character Development\nEarn a Certificate for Instruction in Social-Emotional Learning and Character Development", "Page cannot be found\nRutgers University is pleased to announce the implementation of series of online courses leading to a certificate in instruction in Social-Emotional Learning (SEL) and Character Development (CD) in Schools and After-School Programs", "Page cannot be found\nThis unique program is a non-credit program which offers all educational staff, school mental health professionals, and those working in after-school programs the opportunity to enhance their professional development skills in the field of Social-Emotional and Character Development. The General track program is composed of 3 courses, each addressing a different level of participation and delivery perspective of Social-Emotional and Character Development (SECD) competencies", "Page cannot be found\nThe Accelerated track program is for those who have 5+ years of experience in the field successfully initiating and implementing Social-Emotional and Character Development in their setting. It is a 2-course program which will result in creating a portfolio documenting this journey", "Page cannot be found\nThe certification in Instruction in Social-Emotional Learning and Character Development is one of two certifications offered by the Academy for SEL in Schools (SELinSchools.org), a collaboration of Rutgers University and the College of Saint Elizabeth.", "Page cannot be found\nAcademy Certificate Programs\nFor Classroom Teachers and other in-school and out-of-school professionals working directly with children: We are offering a Certificate in Instruction of Social-Emotional Learning and Character Development Interventions, with a focus on the classroom, small-group, and after-school contexts. Other information can be found on this page and throughout this site, registration can be found here.", "Page cannot be found\nFor School Leaders: The Certificate in School Leadership for Social-Emotional Learning and Character Development adds Social-Emotional Learning (SEL), Character Development (CD), and School Culture and Climate (SCC) to your portfolio of leadership skills. Registration and other information can be found at SELinSchools.org\nAcademy Overview", "Page cannot be found\nEvery professional working in schools should possess all the skills and attitudes needed to promote the social-emotional and character development of all children-- all meaning all-- in those schools, and should be prepared to make positive, constructive contributions to school climate and adult communities of learners in schools.\nSEL in Action", "Page cannot be found\nThe story begins with a belief that every child deserves to attend a school that is inspiring, challenging, supportive, safe and healthy, engaging, and build on mutual respect.\nEvery child needs competencies for success beyond the test score\u2014skills for the tests of life, a life of college, career, contribution, and caring.", "Page cannot be found\nSomeone has to take responsibility for schools to become cohesive and coherent places to accomplish the above goals. These courses and this credentialing program are designed to prepare you for that responsibility, but we don\u2019t expect you to succeed on your own. You are entering into a community of mutual support and consultative assistance, a virtual Professional Learning Community, that will be at your side as you move forward", "Page cannot be found\nWithin your country and around the world, people sharing the vision and goal want to move beyond the dream and into reality. By teaching the mind and encouraging the heart\u2014in each other, as well as in our students\u2014we can be successful.", "Page cannot be found\nThat is our unique pledge to you\u2014you will be prepared to implement a wide range of social-emotional and character-based programs to your students, and you will also be joining others whose collective experience, wisdom, creativity, and problem-solving skills toward a shared goal will make each of us and all of us better. We are all instructors and students in the service of improving the lives and futures of all children entering schools.\nKey Themes\nEvery child is deserving", "Page cannot be found\nEvery child requires specific competencies for future success\nWe need educators in school and after school who are prepared to make this happen\nThose educators need a community of support, collaboration, and practical ideas\nThis program specifically provides that community and a shared vision", "Page cannot be found\nFrom work with over 1,000 schools in the United States and internationally, we have learned how to inspire and support others in implementing social-emotional and character competence and improving school culture and climate. Our Certification Program in Instruction provides you with that inspiration, support, and skills in three stages\n101 \u2013 SEL - Foundations of Social-Emotional and Character Development", "Page cannot be found\n102 \u2013 SEL - Pedagogy and Practice, the common instructional and implementation methods that underlie all SEL and character development programs\n103 \u2013 SEL - Practicum, the supervised and mentored experience in your work setting that solidifies and integrates your learning in 101 and 102 and connects you to an online Professional Learning Community of support, both during the course and in an ongoing way once you have earned the credential.", "Page cannot be found\n003 \u2013 SEL - Alternate Practicum, is only for those participants who have taken the face to face Live version of the SECD Online Courses. The Alternate Practicum is the supervised and mentored experience in your work setting that solidifies and integrates your learning in 101 and 102 and connects you to an online Professional Learning Community of support, both during the course and in an ongoing way once you have earned the credential.\nThe Accelerated Program", "Page cannot be found\nYour effectiveness as an educator, and your ability to guide students toward success in school and careers, and both access to and completion of college, depends as much on students\u2019 character and social-emotional competencies and the climate of the school as it does on how well your standards-based academic curriculum is carried out. Professional evaluations of anyone working in schools require them to have sound character and contribute positively to their work environments.", "Page cannot be found\nYou can wait until social-emotional and character development is mandated or you can prepare yourself now. The children would prefer you not wait.", "Page cannot be found\nThe credential in Instruction in Social-Emotional Learning and Character Development is one of two credentials offered by the Academy for SEL in Schools., a collaboration of Rutgers University and the College of Saint Elizabeth. Below, please find information on the Co-Directors of the Academy and the credentialing programs, and the primary instructors who will be teaching courses for the Instruction Credential.\nMAURICE ELIAS, PH.D \u2013 PROGRAM CO-DIRECTOR", "Page cannot be found\nCo-Director, Academy for SEL; Professor of Psychology, Rutgers; Director, Rutgers Social-Emotional Learning Lab; Director, Collaborative Center for Community-Based Research and Service", "Page cannot be found\nMaurice Elias is Professor, Psychology Department, Rutgers University, Director of the Rutgers Social-Emotional Learning Lab, and Academic Director of The Collaborative, Rutgers\u2019 Center for Community-Based Research and Service", "Page cannot be found\nHe is Past President of the Society for Community Research and Action/Division of Community Psychology (27) of APA and has received the SCRA Distinguished Contribution to Practice and Ethnic Minority Mentoring Awards, as well as APA\u2019s National Psychological Consultants to Management Award, the Joseph E. Zins Memorial Senior Scholar Award for Social-Emotional Learning from the Collaborative for Academic, Social, and Emotional Learning (CASEL), the John P", "Page cannot be found\nMcGovern Medal from the American School Health Association, and the Sanford McDonnell Award for Lifetime Achievement in Character Education.", "Page cannot be found\nDr. Elias lectures nationally and internationally to educators and parents about students\u2019 emotional intelligence, school success, and social-emotional and character development. A recent recipient of the Sanford McDonnell Award for Lifetime Achievement in Character Education, among Dr", "Page cannot be found\nElias\u2019 numerous books are ASCD\u2019s Promoting Social and Emotional Learning: Guidelines for Educators, the Social Decision Making/Social Problem Solving curricula for grades k-8, the new e-book, Emotionally Intelligent Parenting (via Kindle and Nook) and a book for young children: Talking Treasure: Stories to Help Build Emotional Intelligence and Resilience in Young Children (www.researchpress.com, 2012). Maurice writes a blog for the George Lucas Educational Foundation\u2019s Edutopia Website.", "Page cannot be found\nPATRICIA HEINDEL, PH.D. \u2013 PROGRAM CO-DIRECTOR\nCo-Director, Academy for SEL; Dean of Human and Social Development, College of Saint Elizabeth; Co-Project Leader of the Academy for Social Emotional Learning in Schools; Director, CSE Center for Human and Social Development; Co-Director of the School Culture and Climate Initiative, a partnership of the CSE Center and the Youth Empowerment Alliance of the United Way of Northern New Jersey", "Page cannot be found\nPatricia Heindel, Ph.D., co-project leader with Maurice Elias, Ph.D. of the Academy for Social-Emotional Learning in Schools, is a professor of psychology and Dean of Human and Social Development at the College of Saint Elizabeth (CSE). She is the Director of the CSE Center for Human and Social Development and the Center\u2019s School Culture and Climate Assessment Lab", "Page cannot be found\nShe is co-director of the School Culture and Climate Initiative delivered in partnership between the Center for Human and Social Development and the Youth Empowerment Alliance of the United Way of Northern New Jersey.", "Page cannot be found\nThe Initiative (modeled on the Developing Safe and Civil School Project led by Maurice Elias) is currently partnering with over 50 schools in 12 districts in Northern New Jersey to assess and improve their cultures and climates. She served as Psychology Program Chair at CSE for 21 years before becoming Dean. In 2007, Dr. Heindel was recognized as Teacher of the Year by the New Jersey Psychological Association", "Page cannot be found\nShe has served as senior editor of the online Journal of the Behavioral and Social Sciences and is the editor of the CLEP test preparation manual in Developmental Psychology.", "Page cannot be found\nVictoria Poedubicky Ed.S, MFT is a retired health educator and school counselor with 33 years experience from the Highland Park Public Schools. 20 of those years were dedicated to initiating, implementing and assessing the Social Decision Making/Problem Solving program through the health program, guidance counseling services, and school and district-wide initiatives as well as integration into the curriculum", "Page cannot be found\nShe was instrumental in initiating, facilitating and supervising a Social Decision Making Lab, which is a teaching component assisting students in learning and strengthening social-emotional skills in a one-one or small group setting", "Page cannot be found\nVictoria has published several articles, provided workshops to parents and staff, taught a social-emotional learning course at Rutgers University, has served as a mentor to other teachers and counselors, and is a co-developer and instructor for the Online Direct Instruction in Social-Emotional Learning and Character Development for Teachers and Support Staff at Rutgers University.", "Page cannot be found\nErin Bruno, MA, has been working in the field of Social and Emotional Learning, Conflict Resolution, and Anger Management for more than 20 years. 16 of those years have been spent working as the Lead Trainer for Rutgers University, University Behavioral Health Care\u2019s Social Decision Making/Problem Solving Program (SDM/PS). Erin has presented and worked with many schools across the United States and assisted in the writing and publishing of the Social Decision Making and Problem Solving Curriculum", "Page cannot be found\nErin has worked extensively with administrators, teachers, mental health professionals, parents and students in the field of Social and Emotional Learning and continues to be inspired by the dedicated people she has had the privilege to work with.", "Page cannot be found\nLauren Hyman Kaplan, M.A, is a consultant, speaker, certified emotional intelligence coach and counselor in the field of social and emotional learning, emotional intelligence and bullying prevention. She is a former teacher and school counselor with over 18 years of experience training and providing consulting to schools around the United States and the world", "Page cannot be found\nShe conducts presentations, workshops and provides on-going consulting to schools and parenting organizations and teaches the New York State mandated Dignity for All Students and SAVE violence prevention workshops for educators . She was a Regional Implementation Director for the Developing Safe and Civil Schools Project at Rutgers University, funded by the NJ Department of Education", "Page cannot be found\nShe is a certified consultant to the US Department of Justice, Office for Victims of Crime, a Grant Reviewer for the US Department of Education and a certified Star Factor Emotional Intelligence Coach. Lauren is also the New York Network Leader for Six Seconds. She is an instructor at Bank Street College of Education and the co-author of the New York State \"Interpersonal Violence Prevention Resource Guide for Parents and Educators.\" (New York State Department of Education, 2002).", "Page cannot be found\nA certified teacher and guidance counselor with 30 years of classroom experience, Dr. MacLennan has been on the faculty of the Program in Counseling Psychology at the College of Saint Elizabeth since 2003. She was also a group counselor for victims of domestic violence at Morris County\u2019s Jersey Battered Women\u2019s Service before increasing her time as the college\u2019s Social/Emotional Character Development Specialist. Dr", "Page cannot be found\nMacLennan is a member of the New Jersey Culture and Climate Coalition and is part of the professional development team of the Youth Empowerment Alliance at United Way of Northern New Jersey. Her workshop areas of expertise are helping teachers use emotional intelligence skills for student academic achievement and healthy emotional and social development, bully/victim prevention and girls\u2019 relational bullying. Other audiences include guidance counselors and those in positions of educational leadership.", "Page cannot be found\nDARA FELDMAN, M.ED.\nDara is a passionate educator, speaker, author, coach and consultant whose life-long goal is to transform our schools and the systems that support them into environments that embrace the love of learning with the recognition of self-worth. She is the author of, The Heart of Education: Bringing Joy, Meaning and Purpose Back to Teaching and Learning.", "Page cannot be found\nAs an ASCD Faculty Member, an International Institute for Restorative Practices Instructor, a Character.org Eleven Principles Trainer, a Jack Canfield Success Principles Trainer, a Virtues Project Master Facilitator and part of The Positive Schools Center Team at the University of Maryland\u2019s School of Social Work, Dara has the honor and privilege of creating and delivering personal, professional and organizational development around the world, inspiring individuals to live more authentic, joyful lives, families to raise children of compassion and integrity, educators to create safe, caring and high performing learning communities & leaders to inspire appreciation and excellence in the workplace.", "Page cannot be found\nDara was honored as Disney\u2019s 2005 Outstanding Elementary Teacher of the Year, Educator of the Year for the National Association for Self Esteem in 2009 and Maryland\u2019s 2015 Mother of the Year. She is one of 10 teachers featured in the book, One on One with America\u2019s Most Inspiring Teachers.", "Page cannot be found\nIn addition to 16 years as a classroom teacher, five years as an instructional technology specialist and three years as an instructional coach, Dara was the Director of Curriculum Development for PowerUP, where she worked to bridge the Digital Divide, an expert consultant with the USDE's Web-based Education Commission where she helped write The Power of The Internet for Learning, and co-creator of the Early Childhood Technology Literacy Project, which was nominated by Steve Jobs of Apple Computer and won the Computerworld Smithsonian Award in Education and Academia in 2000.", "Page cannot be found\nDara is the founding chairperson of the Virtues Project International Association, board member for The \u201cV\u201d Channel, past president of The Maryland Center for Character Education, past president of the National Association for the Education of Young Children's Technology Special Interest Forum, a member of the National Education Technology Standards Writing Team for Teachers, a Master Teacher for the National Teacher Training Institute, a Google Certified Teacher and an Apple Distinguished Educator", "Page cannot be found\nShe was also a commentator for Ashoka\u2019s Changemakers\u2019 Competition - Activating Empathy: Transforming Schools to Teach What Matters.", "Page cannot be found\nDara received a Bachelor\u2019s Degree in Elementary Education from the University of Maryland, College Park and a Master\u2019s Degree in Education, Media, Design and Technology from Full Sail University in Winter Park, FL. She earned her National Board Certification in Early Childhood from the National Board of Professional Teaching Standards, a Certificate as a Success Principles Trainer from Jack Canfield and a Certificate in Restorative Practices from the International Institute for Restorative Practices", "Page cannot be found\nThe individuals below have served as advisors to all aspects of course development and credentialing, based on extensive experience with SEL. Character Education, and online learning.\nJanet Patti, Hunter College, School of Education, Founding Member, CASEL Leadership Team, Director, NYC Leadership Development projects using SEL", "Page cannot be found\nLarry Leverett, Executive Director, Panasonic Educational Foundation, Former Supt. of Schools in Plainfield (NJ) and Greenwich (CT), former Assistant Commissioner for Urban Education (NJ)\nJacqueline Norris, Retired from positions as Dean, College of New Jersey, College of Education, Department Chairperson, Elementary Administration, Past Member, Blue Ribbon Panel, National Schools of Character, Character Education Partnership, Assistant Superintendent, Principal and Teacher in Piscataway Public Schools", "Page cannot be found\nEd Dunkelblau, Director, Institute for Emotionally Intelligent Education (IL), Past Member, Blue Ribbon Panel, National Schools of Character, Character Education Partnership, Past Director of Training for CASEL, Consultant to CEP around implementation of High School SECD\nJim Vetter, Education Development Center, former Program Director for the Open Circle Program\nJoan Duffell, Executive Director, Committee for Children, Developer, Second Step family of curricula internationally", "Page cannot be found\nNorris Haynes, Southern Connecticut State College, Director of the Center for Community Action Research, Graduate Program in School Psychology and Counseling, Past Program Researcher, Comer Project, Past Chairperson, AERA School Climate Interest Group, Founding Member, CASEL Leadership Team\nJessica Berlinski, Chief Learning Officer, Personalized Learning Games.com, designer of SEL/CD", "Page cannot be found\nRebecca Irby, Former Technology Consultant to DSACS, now Founding Partner and Director of PEAC Institute | Peace Education & Art Communication, Rebecca and Ed Dunkelblau were primarily developers of the technical elements of the on-line course architecture and web site format for the Direct Instruction pilot courses at Rutgers\nVictoria Blakeney, Former SEL Curriculum Coordinator, Anchorage Alaska Public Schools", "Page cannot be found\nMelissa A. Maras-Department of Educational, School and Counseling Psychology University of Missouri, expert on sustainable school-based interventions across professional groups\nJoanne MacLennan, SECD Specialist, College of Saint Elizabeth, former school counselor, online course instructor\nNatercia Rendeiro, Vice President of the NJ Social Workers Association and School Social Work Supervisor, Newark, New Jersey\nWilliam Neigher, Vice President, System Development and Chief Strategy Officer,", "Page cannot be found\nBarry Barbarasch, NJ Association of School Psychologists and Hamilton Twp. Public Schools\nJ. Barry Mascari, NJ School Counselors Association and Kean University; former SEL Coordinator, Clifton Township Public Schools\nCarol Churgin, Association of Student Assistance Professionals, NJ and Newark Public Schools, Parent Coordinator", "Page cannot be found\nElizabeth Warner, Community Impact Manager, Education/Youth Empowerment Alliance (YEA), United Way of Northern New Jersey, Co-Director, CSE/YEA School Culture and Climate Initiative of Northern New Jersey and Morris County School Support Network\nPhilip Brown, Former Director, NJ Center for Social and Character Development and Founder, NJ Alliance for Social-Emotional and Character Development, Consultant, National School Climate Center\nGeneral Courses of Study:", "Page cannot be found\nCourse 101 Foundations of Social-Emotional and Character Development]\nRegister \u00bb SEL-1010119 [Dates: 01/07/19 - 03/18/19]\nRegister \u00bb SEL-1010519\n[Dates: 05/01/19 - 07/09/19]\nCourse 102 Pedagogy and Practice\nRegister \u00bb SEL-102012119 [Dates: 01/21/19 - 03/31/19]\nCourse 103 Practicum Course\nCourse 003 Alternate Practicum Course\nRegister \u00bb SEL-0030119 [Dates: 1/07/19 - 5/20/19]\nAccelerated Courses of Study:\nSEL 201 Accelerated SEL combined course\nRegister \u00bb SEL-4010119 [Dates:1/07/19 - 3/18/19]", "Page cannot be found\nRegister \u00bb SEL-4010519 [Dates:05/01/19 - 07/10/19]\nSEL 202 Accelerated Practicum Course\nWhat is the Online Professional Development Community?\nWhat online capabilities will I need?\nAccelerated Program of Study\nRutgers Center for Cognitive Science\nInstitute for Health, Health Care Policy, and Aging Research\nCenter of Alcohol Studies\nGraduate School of Applied and Professional Psychology\nInterdisciplinary Perceptual Science"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.pnj.com/story/news/local/2023/03/03/santa-rosa-child-with-autism-illegally-baker-acted-put-in-handcuffs-srso-lawsuit-says/69942321007/

Santa Rosa County faces lawsuit over deputy's handling of autistic child

["Santa Rosa County faces lawsuit over deputy's handling of autistic child\n8-year old's autism caused him to act out. SR deputy handcuffed him, Baker Acted him.\nA family has filed a lawsuit against the Santa Rosa County Sheriff's Office accusing a former school resource officer of unlawfully \"manhandling, handcuffing, and Baker Acting an 8-year-old disabled boy.\"", "Santa Rosa County faces lawsuit over deputy's handling of autistic child\nThe complaint, filed Feb. 13 in the U.S. District Court in Pensacola, names the Sheriff's Office, Sheriff Bob Johnson, former school resource officer David Daniels, the Santa Rosa County School Board and the High Road School of Santa Rosa as defendants.", "Santa Rosa County faces lawsuit over deputy's handling of autistic child\nThe lawsuit centers around a December 2021 encounter between Daniels and a child identified in the complaint as \"Little B,\" a boy diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder, disruptive mood dysregulation disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, according to the complaint.\nIn case you missed itPensacola mom used Baker Act to help her daughter. She never expected her to die\nFrom the archivesEscambia County is on 90-day clock before it loses almost half of its Baker Act capacity", "Santa Rosa County faces lawsuit over deputy's handling of autistic child\nThe 8-year-old's family says he experienced \"pain, fear and emotional trauma, and an exacerbation of (his) disabilities\" as a result of the experience. They also claim there were multiple violations of they and their son's constitutional rights.\nBoth the Santa Rosa County Sheriff's and a School District spokesperson declined to comment, citing ongoing litigation.\nWhat led to the handcuffing incident?", "Santa Rosa County faces lawsuit over deputy's handling of autistic child\nAccording to a civil complaint filed on the family's behalf by attorneys Jeremiah Talbott and Brian H. Pollock, the incident occurred Dec. 8, 2021.\nAccording to the complaint, the boy began exhibiting \"aggressive behavior\" related to his autism, and school staff contacted the school resource officer, Daniels, to respond.", "Santa Rosa County faces lawsuit over deputy's handling of autistic child\nThe complaint claims Daniels forcibly and wrongfully handcuffed Little B, \"paraded\" him through the school and into a law enforcement vehicle and transported him to HCA Florida West Hospital to be evaluated under the Baker Act.\nSome of the encounter was captured on Daniels' body-worn camera.\nFootage shows Daniels' responding to a \"Serenity Room\" where Little B had been placed by school staff after he reportedly hit several people.", "Santa Rosa County faces lawsuit over deputy's handling of autistic child\n\"This is the third time I've got called back here for you hitting,\" Daniels can be heard saying on the recording.\nA few minutes into the response, Daniels turns off his camera. The camera is reactivated about 50 minutes later, according to a timestamp in the video. Little B is in a hallway outside the serenity room, and Daniels can be seen pulling the boy's arms behind his back and putting him in handcuffs as Little B yells, sobs and tries to pull away.", "Santa Rosa County faces lawsuit over deputy's handling of autistic child\nDaniels leaves the boy with school staff and pulls his law enforcement vehicle around to a rear door near the serenity room. After asking a staff member to clear a group of students away from the area, he goes back inside the hallway and finds Little B has slipped out of the handcuffs.\nAs staff tries to calm Little B, Daniels handcuffs him again as the boy struggles, cries and screams repeatedly, \"Don't do it! Don't do it!\"", "Santa Rosa County faces lawsuit over deputy's handling of autistic child\nDaniels ultimately cuffs the boy's hands behind his back again, walks him a short distance out a hallway exit door and into the backseat of his patrol vehicle as Little B continuously cries and begs for \"another chance.\"\nStaff can be heard on the footage discussing Little B's past behavior, noting that he had previously been suspended for hitting people and that the behavior wouldn't be excused as he got older.\n\"He needs to know there's consequences,\" Daniels noted.", "Santa Rosa County faces lawsuit over deputy's handling of autistic child\nWhile in the backseat of the cruiser, Little B escapes the cuffs a second time, and Daniels puts them on again and straps Little B in his seatbelt. He then waits for another deputy to arrive to take custody of LITTLE B and transport him to the hospital for evaluation.\nWhen the second deputy arrives, he asks Daniels to explain the situation.", "Santa Rosa County faces lawsuit over deputy's handling of autistic child\n\"He continuously hits and bites staff, I mean to the point where they have bruises the size of baseballs,\" Daniels said. \"And they suspended him for it, but today he was just nonstop hitting and so I was back there with him for 30 minutes ... he's walking up, acting like he's going to punch me and I'm like, (Little B), you do it and you're going in handcuffs.\"", "Santa Rosa County faces lawsuit over deputy's handling of autistic child\nDaniels said while they were talking in the serenity room, a member of staff walked up to Little B and he began punching her in the stomach. Because Daniels turned his camera off, it is unknown what happened.\n\"I'm like, enough. Enough. I mean it's ongoing. So today's the day. We can't keep doing this.\"", "Santa Rosa County faces lawsuit over deputy's handling of autistic child\nDuring the incident, Daniels threatens to \"call mom and dad,\" but the complaint states Little B's parents were not contacted \"during the incident, prior to handcuffing Little B, or while Little B was restrained in the police car waiting.\"\nVideo shows Little B is ultimately transferred to the other deputy's car and transported to the hospital for evaluation. Body camera footage indicates it is about two hours from the time Daniels responds to the serenity room to the time Little B arrives at the hospital.", "Santa Rosa County faces lawsuit over deputy's handling of autistic child\nLawsuit alleges Sheriff's Office and school system overuse the Baker Act\nAttorneys for Little B's family raised a number of concerns with the defendants' handling of the issue, among them claims that the Sheriff's Office and School Board \"failed to take action to prevent illegal and inappropriate use of the Baker Act against children.\"", "Santa Rosa County faces lawsuit over deputy's handling of autistic child\nThe Florida Mental Health Act, commonly referred to as the Baker Act, focuses on crisis services for individuals with mental illness who are experiencing a medical emergency. An individual may be taken in for involuntary examination under the Baker Act if it seems the individual may pose a serious threat to themselves or others without intervention.", "Santa Rosa County faces lawsuit over deputy's handling of autistic child\n\"On no occasion was there any imminent danger of serious physical harm to the child or anyone else that required the child to be restrained and handcuffed,\" the complaint said.\nThe complaint alleges that although school staff told Daniels they did not want to press charges, \"Daniels decided that he was going to teach Little B a lesson and handcuff him and Baker Acted him.\"", "Santa Rosa County faces lawsuit over deputy's handling of autistic child\nThe complaint asserts, \"Often, law enforcement officers use the Baker Act statute to manage behavioral issues they are not trained to recognize, deescalate, or properly address. ... Despite being aware of its inappropriate overuse of the Baker Act for years, (Sheriff Bob Johnson and his department) have done little to eliminate unnecessary Baker Act use or properly train its personnel or contractors on alternatives.", "Santa Rosa County faces lawsuit over deputy's handling of autistic child\n\"Their published Baker Act policy, as well as their meager training materials, are full of omissions and inaccuracies about the statute\u2019s requirements and provide little guidance about when initiating an involuntary examination of a child would be appropriate. They also do little or nothing to explain to staff that using the Baker Act in non-emergency situations is far more likely to traumatize children than to help them.\"", "Santa Rosa County faces lawsuit over deputy's handling of autistic child\nAccording to the complaint, when the child was taken to a medical doctor at the hospital for evaluation, the doctor determined the boy was not a threat and that it was unnecessary to Baker Act him.", "Santa Rosa County faces lawsuit over deputy's handling of autistic child\n\"The physician at (the hospital) who evaluated Little B gave the professional opinion that Little B should never have been Baker Acted and attempted to contact Officer Daniels to discuss the inappropriateness of Daniels\u2019 actions, but Daniels was recalcitrant towards the doctor,\" the complaint states. \"The physician at WFH even tried to contact Daniels\u2019 supervisor, who similarly was nonresponsive and not helpful.\"\nWhat does the family want?", "Santa Rosa County faces lawsuit over deputy's handling of autistic child\nThe family is seeking permanent injunctive relief to prohibit the defendants from authorizing or employing \"the unnecessary and excessive use of physical restraint and handcuffing on school children.\"\nThey are also seeking compensatory damages, punitive damages and reasonable attorney's fees.\nThe complaint says that Little B and his family have suffered greatly from the trauma of the incident, and that he has become more aggressive and gets upset more easily.", "Santa Rosa County faces lawsuit over deputy's handling of autistic child\nThe suit alleges the defendants individually and collectively violated the due process and constitutional rights of Little B and his family on multiple fronts, among them Fourth and 14th Amendment protections against unreasonable search and seizure, prohibitions against excessive force, multiple sections of the Americans with Disabilities Act and deprivation of parental right to custody and control.\nComplaint claims Daniels' school resource officer assignment was a \"punishment\" for a previous transgression", "Santa Rosa County faces lawsuit over deputy's handling of autistic child\nSome of the concerns raised by the family focused on Daniels' disciplinary history and training.\nThe complaints states that in May 2021, Daniels was assigned to patrol duties. After he arrived at work smelling of alcohol, a breath sample confirmed he had alcohol in his system and he was ultimately suspended for 10 days.\nWhen he returned from suspension, he was reclassified as a school resource officer. \"This position was a punishment for Daniels,\" the complaint claims.", "Santa Rosa County faces lawsuit over deputy's handling of autistic child\nThe document alleges Daniels was not given sufficient training for the new position.\n\"Although Defendant Daniels had completed many of the training protocols, his training was very limited with regard to mental health, Baker Act etc.,\" the complaint said. It said Daniels completed an SRSO autism training in 2019, 2020 and 2021 respectively, but each of the trainings was just four minutes.", "Santa Rosa County faces lawsuit over deputy's handling of autistic child\nThe complaint also said Daniels allegedly did not complete Crisis Intervention Team training and finished Criminal Justice Standards & Training Commission School Resource Officer training after the incident with Little B.\nThe complaint also claimed Daniels' SRSO career had been on a \"downward trajectory\" since he joined the agency in 2016.\nSRSO school resource officer arrested, charged with felony lewd or lascivious behavior", "Santa Rosa County faces lawsuit over deputy's handling of autistic child\nDaniels was terminated from the Sheriff's Office in January of this year after being arrested for an unrelated 2016 incident in which he is accused of touching an 11-year-old girl inappropriately. That incident did not occur in a school setting.\n\"Due to the nature of the claim and Daniels' position as a school resource officer at High Road School of Santa Rosa, he was immediately removed from his position at the school and replaced with another deputy,\" the SRSO wrote at the time."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://iconaudioarts.com/portfolio/intimate-encounters-ginger-baker-the-last-interview/

Intimate Encounters: Ginger Baker - The Last Interview

["Intimate Encounters: Ginger Baker - The Last Interview\nGinger Baker was, without question, the foremost drummer of his generation, having formed supergroups Cream and Blind Faith. In the early 1990s, author Geoffrey Giuliano received a call from Baker asking if he would be interested in writing his autobiography. From there, a turbulent, yet fruitful relationship ensued between the two", "Intimate Encounters: Ginger Baker - The Last Interview\nWhile the book they wrote together has yet to be published, here, at last, are the exclusive, in-depth, upfront, and highly personal conversations the two unlikely friends recorded in a Clarence, New York studio all those years ago. Ginger speaks his mind, holding forth on the particulars of his amazing life and work and in so doing reveals something he has always ardently tried to hide \u2013 that he is really a lovely, caring, sensitive man", "Intimate Encounters: Ginger Baker - The Last Interview\nFor everyone interested in the history, art, and cultural significance of the popular music of the 20th century, this bold series is a once in a lifetime, must have audio event. Perfect for universities and all educational media as well as music fans everywhere, Contains adult language and mature themes."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://books.google.at/books?id=796BzQEACAAJ&dq=editions:ISBN0461368226&hl=de

John Milton: Leben und Werk eines großen Dichters

["John Milton: Leben und Werk eines gro\u00dfen Dichters\nJohn Milton, English scholar and classical poet, is one of the major figures of Western literature. He was born in 1608 into a prosperous London family. By the age of 17, he was proficient in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew. Milton attended Cambridge University, earning a B.A. and an M.A. before secluding himself for five years to read, write and study on his own. It is believed that Milton read evertything that had been published in Latin, Greek, and English", "John Milton: Leben und Werk eines gro\u00dfen Dichters\nHe was considered one of the most educated men of his time. Milton also had a reputation as a radical. After his own wife left him early in their marriage, Milton published an unpopular treatise supporting divorce in the case of incompatibility. Milton was also a vocal supporter of Oliver Cromwell and worked for him. Milton's first work, Lycidas, an elegy on the death of a classmate, was published in 1632, and he had numerous works published in the ensuing years, including Pastoral and Areopagitica", "John Milton: Leben und Werk eines gro\u00dfen Dichters\nHis Christian epic poem, Paradise Lost, which traced humanity's fall from divine grace, appeared in 1667, assuring his place as one of the finest non-dramatic poet of the Renaissance Age. Milton went blind at the age of 43 from the incredible strain he placed on his eyes. Amazingly, Paradise Lost and his other major works, Paradise Regained and Samson Agonistes, were composed after the lost of his sight. These major works were painstakingly and slowly dictated to secretaries. John Milton died in 1674."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

http://greenheyes.com/pages/nature06.htm

The Nature Trail: Stop No. 6 - The River Dane

["The Nature Trail: Stop No. 6 - The River Dane\nTHE NATURE TRAIL\nSTOP No. 6.\nTHEME: The River Dane\nTime for a word of caution. Please take great care along the banks of rivers, and for that matter any body of water. As both Andrew and Paul being paramedics can sadly testify to, they can be very deceptive, dangerous places especially for children and the unwary.\nAt our sixth stop, we find ourselves down on the banks of the River Dane. Rising in the hills of Cheshire's neighboring county of Derbyshire, the river forms the eastern boundary to the farm.", "The Nature Trail: Stop No. 6 - The River Dane\nAt normal flow levels, it would be possible, in places to cross in just 20cm to30cm of water. Such shallow crossings are known as \"fords\".\nMany towns with \"ford\" as part of the name usually indicate where such crossing points were in times past.\nThe Dane is one of the fastest rising rivers in the country and given a spell of wet weather, you can quickly find the water level to be 2 meters to 3 meters above the level in the picture above.", "The Nature Trail: Stop No. 6 - The River Dane\nThe picture to the right shows the flooding of our lower meadows. The inset gives some idea of the height that the river has risen in order to flood the meadow.\nWhere we are at the moment, the bank is lined with trees. The majority are willows (Crack Willow and White Willow); others include Alder, Ash, Hawthorn, Lime and Maple to name a few.\nAs this picture shows, in places the growth is quiet dense, this area of the farm forms part of the Countryside Stewardship Scheme in which we participate.", "The Nature Trail: Stop No. 6 - The River Dane\nAs such it is left in a completely natural, and undisturbed state.\nMink, (which is not a native animal to the UK) were originally captive bred for their fur, however some accidentally escaped, while others were deliberately released by well meaning but rather short-sighted groups of people.\nWith no effective natural enemies to control their population, they are becoming an increasingly common sight.", "The Nature Trail: Stop No. 6 - The River Dane\nVoles use to be common, however with the introduction of the mink, the population of voles and indeed other small mammals, has declined noticeable (though I doubt this is entirely the fault of the mink).\nContinuing to walk along the bank you may see an occasional brilliant flash of turquoise and orange, this is the Kingfisher Sadly in this case somewhat camera shy.\nA somewhat more co-operative bird to photograph is this mallard, which is a type of duck.", "The Nature Trail: Stop No. 6 - The River Dane\nJust then, a movement in the corner of our eye draws our attention to this Treecreeper.\nIt moves jerkily as it searches for insects and their larvae on the bark of the tree.\nMoving a little farther up stream, the trees begin to thin out and the going gets a little easier.\nWith the trees being replaced by grasses and other plants such as Thistles, Nettles, Butterbur, Willow herb and also the invasive Himalayan balsam to name just a few, we can see an example of the more distinctive power of the river.", "The Nature Trail: Stop No. 6 - The River Dane\nTreading carefully, and not too close to the bank, we find that here a large part of the bank has slumped down into the river.\nWithout the deep penetrating roots of the trees to help provide a moderate level of stability the soil is easily eroded.\nTurning around, part of the same slump gives us an even more impressive view of the destructive power of the water\nThe bank here is very unstable and steep in places, if a young child were to fall into the river here it would have little chance of getting out", "The Nature Trail: Stop No. 6 - The River Dane\nIt is at this point, we leave the banks of the River Dane and walk up along the hedge dividing the Middle Meadow and the Heifer Meadow as we make our way to the seventh stop on our trail. The Middle and Heifer Banks.\nPrevious stop / Back to start of trail /Next Stop"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

http://ennapadampanchajanya.blogspot.com/2010/02/shattered-splintered-deemed-damned.html

Shattered, Splintered, Deemed, Damned and Doomed India of Today

["Shattered, Splintered, Deemed, Damned and Doomed India of Today\nTomorrow (26th January 2010) is the 61st year of the establishment of our Republic. The Ship of Indian State seems to be sinking slowly, gradually and irretrievably. In this terrible context, I cannot help recalling a book titled \u201cINDIA IN 1983\u201d, written by an English Civil Servant belonging to the Indian Civil Service in 1888. The imaginary and fictitious predictions he made in 1888 about the future of the Independent Indian State seem to have come true in letter and spirit today!!", "Shattered, Splintered, Deemed, Damned and Doomed India of Today\nWhen George Orwell published his book 1984 in June 1949, it instantly became a best seller. Likewise in 1888, a book entitled INDIA IN 1983 was published. The book became very popular in India and England at that time. During my visit to the British Museum Library in London in 1987, I had the good fortune of reading this book. I also managed to get a photocopy of this very rare and unknown book from the museum authorities. The author of that book intended to remain anonymous", "Shattered, Splintered, Deemed, Damned and Doomed India of Today\nWritten in the nature of a gripping political satire, the author fore-told the granting of independence for India by England in 1983.", "Shattered, Splintered, Deemed, Damned and Doomed India of Today\nThe author of that book prophesied with remarkable accuracy the various so-called \u2018progressive\u2019 political reform schemes which were going to come subsequently in the next 30 years and which were to become the stepping stones on the road to India's freedom in 1983. The only weak point in the book was the Englishman's optimistic attitude towards the duration of their stay in India", "Shattered, Splintered, Deemed, Damned and Doomed India of Today\nHe had expected the British rule to last in India till 1983! The book depicted in a humorous way the imaginary chaotic functioning of the Parliament (our Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha of today!!) that was to be created in India after independence in 1983, if the dreams of the Indian nationalistic leaders of 1888 were to become a reality in 1983 in the fullness of time.", "Shattered, Splintered, Deemed, Damned and Doomed India of Today\nLord Ripon was the Viceroy of India in 1883.He was known for his liberal attitude towards Indians and their aspirations. Sir Courtenay Ilbert, the then Law Member of Viceroy Ripon's Council, introduced a bill in the Imperial Legislative Council in 1883. In those days no English or European or white citizen in India could be tried by any Indian judge for his offences in India. The bill sought to do away with that privilege of the whites", "Shattered, Splintered, Deemed, Damned and Doomed India of Today\nThere was a great public outcry from the British trading and commercial community in all parts of India\u2014and more particularly in Calcutta and Bengal--- against the introduction of the Ilbert Bill. All the local vernacular newspapers were vehemently in favour of the Ilbert Bill. Lot of dirty linen was washed by many Englishmen against the so called native Indians and vice versa. In such an atmosphere of vituperative public controversy and high public tension, a new book entitled INDIA IN 1983 was published", "Shattered, Splintered, Deemed, Damned and Doomed India of Today\nWhat is interesting historically is that this book forecasting the attainment of Indian independence in 1983, was published in 1888, three years after the founding of the Indian National Congress in December 1885.", "Shattered, Splintered, Deemed, Damned and Doomed India of Today\nThe new book created a great public sensation and unprecedented consternation in official circles at Calcutta. In view of the author's official position, the book was published anonymously, but the gentry of that time guessed correctly who had written it. It was T. Harte-Davies (1849- 1920), of the Indian Civil Service, a man of versatile talents, the District Judge of Karachi at that time. He was an accomplished pianist and a talented linguist", "Shattered, Splintered, Deemed, Damned and Doomed India of Today\nHe knew French, German, Italian and Russian, in addition to three Indian languages. He was a frequent contributor to The Pioneer of Allahabad, a leading English newspaper of that time. Upon his retirement in 1894, he returned to England only to plunge into active politics there. He was elected as MP for Hackney in 1895. He was also an active member of the British Committee of the Indian National Congress. He was an enthusiastic champion of the political aspirations of the Indians", "Shattered, Splintered, Deemed, Damned and Doomed India of Today\n\u201cIt was a still and broiling day in April 1983 when the last vessel sailed out of Bombay harbour with the English troops on board. The vast bay, which for a month before had been crowded with huge transports and resounded with the rattle of shipping cargo and stores, was now deserted, except for the picturesque native boats and the Mail Steamer which was to convey the Viceroy, the Commander-in-Chief, and the Governors of Madras and Bombay from the shores of India.\u201d", "Shattered, Splintered, Deemed, Damned and Doomed India of Today\nT Harte-Davies caricatured the lawless and unruly Parliament that was going to be established in India after independence in 1983. The President of this new Parliament was Babu Joy Kissen Chunder Sen", "Shattered, Splintered, Deemed, Damned and Doomed India of Today\nAccording to Harte-Davies, this is how he came to the Parliament and started his proceedings in 1983: \u201cHe took his seat, and having just finished his breakfast, proceeded to eructate violently three or four times; he then blew his nose on the floor, holding that organ between his fore-finger and thumb for the purpose, cleared his throat, expectorated, and finally rose and burst into a flood of typical oriental eloquence: \u2018Gentlemen, fellow-countrymen, shall I not say fellow-members of Parliament and Romans, lend me your ears", "Shattered, Splintered, Deemed, Damned and Doomed India of Today\nThis is the proudest moment of my life, my vita, ars longa, vita brevis, as the poet says, when I see before me your physiognomies and visages all full of constitutional transformation; indeed, I am as it were in a hurly-burly, and say to myself, I am now in a more noble position than Washington was in USA in 1782; in a stronger position than Cicero, when he stirred up his fellow-citizens to make war on the Carthagians; all this I say in this princely house and more, sitting on its own bottom, and controlling the Financial, Judicial, Revenue, Secret, General, Political, Educational and Public Works Departments of the Government of India\u2019 ( Thunderous applause greeted the President).", "Shattered, Splintered, Deemed, Damned and Doomed India of Today\nBabu Joy Kissen Chunder Sen continued in this manner: \u2018For we are the advanced thinkers, and we show things to others, and nobody shows nothing to us. We are the heirs of the ancient wisdom of ARYAVARTA, we are the sons of the Bengal, which has conquered India, we are the B.A's of the Calcutta University, superior to all the gentlemen educated at Oxford and Cambridge", "Shattered, Splintered, Deemed, Damned and Doomed India of Today\nLet us then go on blazes in the course of civilization and progress, and guided by the teaching of theology, psychology, geology, physiology, doxology and sociology and all the other sciences that Pax Brittanica can boast of. We can now confront the unmitigated myrmidons of despotism, and say to the adversaries of freedom and jurisprudence, you be blowed (cries of 'Shabash', 'bohuth acha' and rapturous applause.)", "Shattered, Splintered, Deemed, Damned and Doomed India of Today\nI am indeed wonder struck by the prescient and detailed understanding shown by T Harte-Davies about the unruly and chaotic functioning of Parliament that was going to come to India after independence in 1983", "Shattered, Splintered, Deemed, Damned and Doomed India of Today\nHe anticipated the unruly incidents, rude, crude, foolish, indecent, barbarous and criminal behaviour of the Members of Parliament in India 1983 in these words: \u2018The next instant every man in the assembly of Parliament was on his feet and soon an unseemly wrangling began, and such exclamations as, you shut up, you have got no locus yatandi, chup raho, thum beff coofe ho and the like, were heard through the din", "Shattered, Splintered, Deemed, Damned and Doomed India of Today\nAt last they began to make uncomplimentary remarks concerning the moral character of the female members of each other's families and finally matters went so far that all the members stood up shouting raucously with clenched fists with an attitude of self-defence, which they accomplished by presenting their stomachs to the front before the House. The President of the House tried in vain without success to interfere and rang his bell to command silence.\u2019", "Shattered, Splintered, Deemed, Damned and Doomed India of Today\nI have no doubt that Somnath Chaterjee, the Former Speaker of Lok Sabha would be thrilled by the above words of T.Harte-Davies which are totally relevant and applicable to more than 70% of the disgusting members of the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha today!!", "Shattered, Splintered, Deemed, Damned and Doomed India of Today\nAll round corruption in public administration, gay and irrepressible swindling of public funds, jobbery and nepotism which are the hall-mark of governance in all parts of India today and which are directly promoted as a matter of high state policy by the Sonia-directed UPA Government were graphically foreseen by T Harte-Davies in 1888:", "Shattered, Splintered, Deemed, Damned and Doomed India of Today\n\u201cMatters at all levels of government were arranged orientally, and at the bottom of the native character there is a profound sympathy with oriental methods of administration", "Shattered, Splintered, Deemed, Damned and Doomed India of Today\nIt was now perfectly certain that the larger part of the funds would stick to the palms of the members of the Parliamentary Committee, that their relatives and friends would compose the entire administrative staff, that no contract would be given unless a handsome commission was paid to the President and Secretary of Parliament, and that any works that were constructed would be exclusively adapted to the improvement of the private property of the President and Members of Parliament", "Shattered, Splintered, Deemed, Damned and Doomed India of Today\nAll this was thoroughly understood, and the feeling it aroused was not one of indignation, but a simple and unquenchable desire to participate in the spoils. After all, was it not better that the public money should go in this way than that it should be spent by An English Sahib on his eccentric notions of protected drinking water-supply, vaccination and the like", "Shattered, Splintered, Deemed, Damned and Doomed India of Today\n? In a native Government, with a Native Board fully loaded with Native Members and having unlimited control over the funds, whose proceedings every Native could understand, there would be a better administrative set-up in the total absence of the unsympathetic and incorruptible Englishman whose actions had long been acknowledged to be unbearably incalculable.\u201d", "Shattered, Splintered, Deemed, Damned and Doomed India of Today\nT Harte-Davies gave a hilarious description of the official and public reaction in England to the goings-on in the India of 1983 soon after her independence:\n\u201cSuch were the pleasing features which distinguished the closing days of the year 1983. The English newspapers congratulated the British Government on its fore-sight in declining to interfere in the affairs of alien races, and on having finally decided, after two hundred years of iniquitous possession, to allow India to stew in her own native juice.\u201d", "Shattered, Splintered, Deemed, Damned and Doomed India of Today\nThe tragedy and comedy of post independent India is that over 90 per cent of our legislators (MPs and MLAs) have succeeded magnificently in giving cubic content to the above words of T Harte-Davies. It ill-behoves us as a nation after 63 years of our independence that we should prove the caricatured portraiture of P:arliament in Independent India which T Harte-Davies done in 1888 bang right in letter and spirit in the India of 2010.", "Shattered, Splintered, Deemed, Damned and Doomed India of Today\nPerhaps Sir Arthur Conan Doyle (1859-1930) had our Members of Parliament in his mind when he wrote \u2018The more featureless and complete a crime is, the more difficult it is to bring it home\u2026. Nothing is worse than a naked robber\u2019. In my view, in so far as our laughable Parliament is concerned, crime is a logical extension of the sort of shameful behaviour that is often considered perfectly respectable in legitimate, high and mighty Parliamentary business!!", "Shattered, Splintered, Deemed, Damned and Doomed India of Today\nDuring the last twenty five years there has been a gradual increase in the number of MPs in the Lok Sabha with a criminal record behind them, blurring the line between great crime and high politics. Our former Prime Minister I K Gujral released a report in 2006 called \u2018Citizens Report on Governance and Development\u2019", "Shattered, Splintered, Deemed, Damned and Doomed India of Today\nThis report was prepared by the NGO, National Social Watch Coalition, which is an alliance of social groups, parliamentarians, academician, policy makers and media practitioners with the objective of promotion of accountability and democratisation of representative institutions. According to this report, 518 out of 3182 candidates across parties had criminal backgrounds while more than 120, which is about one-fourth of the total, elected to the 14th Lok Sabha, had been charge sheeted in criminal cases", "Shattered, Splintered, Deemed, Damned and Doomed India of Today\nWe can see from this report that over 50 per cent of serious criminal cases registered against MPs were mostly from the States of UP, Bihar, Jharkhand and MP. The report also pointed out that lengthy legal procedures make conviction of these MPs in a Court of Law even more difficult. The whole world is aware of the fact that the Indian parliament has an overwhelmingly greater percentage of criminals than the general population.", "Shattered, Splintered, Deemed, Damned and Doomed India of Today\nIn the Lok Sabha which existed before May 2009, the number of MP\u2019s charged with cases of serious crimes was 333, with several MPs having multiple cases. If we look at violent crimes like murder, attempt to murder, robbery, dacoity, kidnapping, theft and extortion, rape, other violent crimes like assault using dangerous weapons or causing grievous hurt, the Samajwadi Party (SP) lead the criminal show with 80 cases, followed by BSP 43, BJP 17, INC 16, RJD 9, CPM 5, CPI 1, NCP 2", "Shattered, Splintered, Deemed, Damned and Doomed India of Today\nRegarding other crimes like cheating, fraud, forgery, giving false oaths to public officials and so on, this was the Party-wise position: BSP 23, RJD 22, INC 21, BJP 11, SP 11 and CPM 6.", "Shattered, Splintered, Deemed, Damned and Doomed India of Today\nI am presenting below two tables showing the party-wise number of MPs with criminal charges pending against them and party-wise candidates with a criminal record behind them. These tables have been prepared by Association for Democratic Reforms (ADR).\nLok Sabha 2004: MPs with criminal charges", "Shattered, Splintered, Deemed, Damned and Doomed India of Today\nAssociation for Democratic Reforms (ADR) was founded in 1999 by a group of Professors from the Indian Institute of Management (IIM), Ahmedabad and some alumni to work towards strengthening democracy and governance in India by focusing on fair and transparent electoral processes. Since it\u2019s founding, it has worked with over 1000 NGO partners around India, disseminating information on candidates and political parties to voters", "Shattered, Splintered, Deemed, Damned and Doomed India of Today\nADR has also worked closely with the media, the Election Commission of India and eminent citizens around the country. Its founder was elected as a Young Global Leader by the World Economic Forum in 2008.", "Shattered, Splintered, Deemed, Damned and Doomed India of Today\nThe best way in which I can sum up the overall character of MPs in our Parliament is in the words of Walt Whitman (1819-1891), hailed as the great poet of American Democracy:", "Shattered, Splintered, Deemed, Damned and Doomed India of Today\n\u201c\u2026the members who composed it were, seven-eighths of them, the meanest kind of bawling and blowing officeholders, office-seekers, pimps, malignant conspirators, murderers, fancy-men, custom-house clerks, contractors, kept-editors, spaniels well-trained to carry and fetch, jobbers, infidels, disunionists, terrorists, mail catchers, pushers of slavery, creatures of the President , creatures of would-be Presidents, spies, bribers, compromisers, lobbyers, sponges, ruined sports, expelled gamblers, policy-backers, duelists, carriers of concealed weapons, deaf men, pimpled men, scarred with vile disease, gaudy outside with gold chains made from the people's money and harlots' money twisted together; crawling, serpentine men, the lousy combinings and born freedom-sellers of the earth\u201d.", "Shattered, Splintered, Deemed, Damned and Doomed India of Today\nThe shameful cry of many Indians today seems to be this:\n\u201cBreathes there the man\nWith soul so dead\nWho never to himself hath said\nThis is my own---my very own Italian\nSONIA LAND!!\nPosted by Durgadevi at 10:25\u202fPM"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.italia.it/en/tuscany/lucca/villa-reale-in-marlia-tuscany

The enchanting Villa Reale in Marlia, Tuscany

["The enchanting Villa Reale in Marlia, Tuscany\nVilla Reale in Marlia\nThe gardens of Villa Reale in Marlia, an enchantment between art and nature\nThe park of the Villa Reale in Marlia, near Lucca, is among the most beautiful in Tuscany and Italy, an enchanting place, once exclusive to the aristocracy, for a day of art and nature, strolling through the greenery among fascinating architecture, or organising a pleasant picnic in the open air.", "The enchanting Villa Reale in Marlia, Tuscany\nIt covers 16 hectares. The gardens are partly of 17th-century design, on a terrace, with hedges, flower beds and tall trees, partly with \"English-style\" landscape, famous for its \"living collection\" of camellias.", "The enchanting Villa Reale in Marlia, Tuscany\nInside the Park, you will find: the luxurious Villa Reale, used as a fortress by the Duke of Tuscia, with its majestic Water Theatre; the Villa del Vescovo, built in the 16th century on the ruins of an ancient medieval castle, and the 19th-century Orthodox Chapel of San Biagio; the Palazzine Gemelle by architect Giovanni Lazzarini, at the Park\u2019s entrance; the characteristic 18th-century Palazzina dell'Orologio with six-hour clock; and the Chapel of San Francesco Saverio.", "The enchanting Villa Reale in Marlia, Tuscany\nThe story of a camellia-scented \"Napoleonic dream\"\nThe history of this wonderful villa dates back to the early Middle Ages, it prospered as a stately residence during the Renaissance and was significantly transformed during the Napoleonic period.", "The enchanting Villa Reale in Marlia, Tuscany\nThe complex was purchased in 1806 by Napoleon's sister, Princess Elisa Bonaparte Baciocchi, who had the park enlarged and redesigned according to English-style, one of the few in Italy, enriching it with new plant species, such as the famous camellias. Testifying to the lively court life at that time is the passage of the great musician Niccol\u00f2 Paganini, who presented the premiere of Racine's \"Phaedra\" here in the Verzura theatre.", "The enchanting Villa Reale in Marlia, Tuscany\nWhen the Principality of Lucca became a Duchy, the villa passed to the Bourbon dynasty, and continued to be used as a summer residence", "The enchanting Villa Reale in Marlia, Tuscany\nIn the Italian Kingdom, it belonged to King Vittorio Emanuele II and, after some troubles, was bought by the Pecci Blunt Counts, in 1923, who restored it by adding new elements in an eclectic style, assigning the renovation of the park to an established French architect, Jacques Greber, who created streams, woods, a lake and other landscape elements that we can still appreciate today", "The enchanting Villa Reale in Marlia, Tuscany\nAmong the innovations presented by Greber is the Spanish Art Deco garden, distinguished by its geometric shapes, water fountains and the flowering of hibiscus, rose creepers, hypericum.", "The enchanting Villa Reale in Marlia, Tuscany\nOver the past few years, the complex of the Villa Reale in Marlia has been the subject of an extensive restoration project by its current owners, allowing it to reopen to the public in 2019.\nPan's grotto", "The enchanting Villa Reale in Marlia, Tuscany\nIn the oldest part of the garden is Pan's grotto, a nymphaeum constructed between 1570 and 1580, dedicated to the deity of shepherds and the countryside. Its exterior is characterised by wide arches, beyond which one enters a cave-like environment decorated with masks and niches. The work is credited to Bernardo Buontalenti, the same artist who created the grotto in Florence\u2019s Boboli Gardens.\nThe Gardens, with the old Verzura Theatre, the avenue of camellias, the lake, the heated pool", "The enchanting Villa Reale in Marlia, Tuscany\nBuilt between 1666 and 1670, Verzura Theatre at the Villa Reale in Marlia is the oldest in Europe, an extraordinary testimony to the style of the time to provide gardens with natural open-air theatres carved into the vegetation. The stage is a meadow, the wings are tall yew hedges embellished with terracotta statues representing characters from the commedia dell'arte. In this place of pleasure, maestro Niccol\u00f2 Paganini played his violin for \u00c9lisa Bonaparte, and plays and concerts are still held here today.", "The enchanting Villa Reale in Marlia, Tuscany\nThe first camellias at the Villa Reale in Marlia, considered exotic plants at the time, were brought from the Royal Palace of Caserta on the orders of Elisa Bonaparte for her brother Joseph, then on the throne of Naples. Thanks to the princess, today camellias are a characteristic feature of this magnificent place and welcome visitors as if in a \"dream\".", "The enchanting Villa Reale in Marlia, Tuscany\nTo the architect Greber, on the other hand, we owe the 1920s lake, which today is one of the most important landscape elements of the park, as well as a valuable structure for proper irrigation. In the heated Pool, very modern for its time, early 20th century AD, along with the tennis, bocce and croquet courts, many excellent guests of the Pecci Blunt family, such as the artist Salvador Dali and the writer Alberto Moravia, have spent time here.", "The enchanting Villa Reale in Marlia, Tuscany\nThe olfactory trail, for a sensory journey through time and the seasons\nGuests at the Villa Reale in Marlia are greeted in a unique and extraordinary experience of an \"immersive\" connection with nature and art. Visits include a wonderful olfactory trail, providing an unmissable sensory experience of the park's exceptional botanical biodiversity.", "The enchanting Villa Reale in Marlia, Tuscany\nMany different essences accompany guests on a journey through time in every season, scents of camellias, magnolias and mimosas, wisteria and hibiscus, linden, sycamore and weeping willow, to experience the emotions that Princess Elisa Bonaparte and the park's many notable guests also experienced.\nVia Fraga Alta, 2, 55014 Marlia LU, Italia\nCall +39058330108 Website\nLucca and the embrace of its mighty walls\nLucca, a Tuscan jewel surrounded by imposing walls\nTuscany: memorable hiking trails", "The enchanting Villa Reale in Marlia, Tuscany\nTuscany, genius, art and creativity at the table\nThe Island of Elba and Its History\nSan Gimignano, the city of 14 towers\nAcqua Village water parks: Hawaii-themed water parks in Tuscany\nCycling tourism\nOn the saddle along Versilia: Camaiore, Pietrasanta, Forte dei Marmi and surroundings"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://kuenselonline.com/fire-kills-two-destroys-12-makeshift-huts/

Fire in Phuentsholing kills two, destroys 12 makeshift huts

["Fire in Phuentsholing kills two, destroys 12 makeshift huts\nFire kills two, destroys 12 makeshift huts\nHis Majesty The King in Phuentsholing to console victims\nDisaster: His Majesty The King and Her Majesty The Gyaltsuen travelled to Phuentsholing from Thimphu yesterday upon hearing the news of the tragic fire accident in Phuentsholing.\nHis Majesty The King granted an audience to the victims of the fire who are temporarily housed at the Youth Development Fund hostel and expressed his deepest concerns to the affected families.", "Fire in Phuentsholing kills two, destroys 12 makeshift huts\nThe fire that started around noon killed two boys and completely gutted 12 makeshift huts along the Toorsa embankment near the automobile workshop area.\nThe fire lasted for about two hours. The families lost most of their belongings.\nAlthough not yet confirmed, electric short circuit and LPG leakage is suspected to have sparked the fire.", "Fire in Phuentsholing kills two, destroys 12 makeshift huts\nThe bodies of the two children were recovered from the ashes around 4pm yesterday. Thromde and dungkhag officials including some people from the locality helped recover the bodies.\nKuensel learnt that the children, a three-year-old and a four-year-old boys were in one of the huts, locked from outside when the incident occurred. The mother of the three-year-old had gone to the hospital. The four year-old was her sister\u2019s child.", "Fire in Phuentsholing kills two, destroys 12 makeshift huts\nNeighbours said that the child was left with the aunt on September 8 after his mother left for Gelephu. His parents were recently divorced.\nA shopkeeper whose shop was also razed to the ground said that the fire started from one of the huts after which it spread to the hut where the children were locked inside. Police, Army, desuups and thromde and dungkhag officials helped the victims contain the fire.", "Fire in Phuentsholing kills two, destroys 12 makeshift huts\n\u201cMany LPG cylinders blasted,\u201d he said. \u201cIt was difficult to stop the fire as all houses were constructed with bamboo.\u201d\nThe Phuentsholing police are still investigating the cause of the fire.\nAs most women in the locality brew alcohol, some neighbours suspect that the stoves could have been left unattended.", "Fire in Phuentsholing kills two, destroys 12 makeshift huts\nThe Toorsa embankment is infamous for illegal settlements. A majority of these settlers come from low-income group forcing them to build makeshifts structures. Among the 12 houses, most structures were constructed illegally. Many school going children also reside in the area.\nThe Army, police and desuups helped the victims construct temporary sheds yesterday.\nRajesh Rai, Phuentsholing"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.economist.com/the-americas/2004/07/01/martins-new-age-of-minority

Martin's new age of minority

["Martin's new age of minority\nThe AmericasJul 3rd 2004 edition\nCanada's election\nMartin's new age of minority\nThe voters punish, but reprieve, the Liberals. Now the prime minister faces a difficult tactical challenge\nJul 1st 2004", "Martin's new age of minority\nIT WAS far from the powerful personal mandate that was Paul Martin's overriding goal ever since he replaced Jean Chr\u00e9tien as leader of Canada's Liberal Party and thus as prime minister late last year. But neither was it the drubbing that pollsters had predicted. The Liberals lost 37 seats in the general election on June 28th, and with them their majority in the House of Commons. But even after 11 years in power, they remain the largest party", "Martin's new age of minority\nStephen Harper, the leader of the newly united Conservatives, saw his hopes of government dashed. Nevertheless, though the Liberal vote held up far better than opinion polls had suggested, the party was still humbled. \u201cThe message was unmistakable: Canadians expected, and expect, more from us,\u201d said Mr Martin.", "Martin's new age of minority\nThe prime minister insists he will eschew a formal coalition, and will lead a \u201cstable\u201d minority administration, seeking support where he can find it. A first-past-the-post electoral system in a country of strong regional differences means that Canada is familiar with minority governments, though it has not had one for a generation. Financial markets barely blinked.", "Martin's new age of minority\nMost minority governments have lasted for 18 months or so. Some have done even better. At a post-election news conference, Mr Martin recalled that Lester Pearson, one of Canada's most revered prime ministers, led minority Liberal governments for five years in the 1960s.", "Martin's new age of minority\nThe new balance of the parties is much as it was then, with one big exception. The separatist Bloc Qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois won by a landslide in its French-speaking province\u2014not from a surge in support for Quebec's independence, but because of anger over a scandal under Mr Chr\u00e9tien in which a programme to promote federalism turned into a slush fund for Liberal cronies", "Martin's new age of minority\nTo regain the trust of Quebeckers, the Liberals will have to show \u201chonesty, integrity and a deep respect for taxpayers' dollars\u201d, says Mr Martin, whose own seat is in Quebec.", "Martin's new age of minority\nElsewhere, surprisingly little changed. In the popular vote, the Liberals led the Conservatives by 7.1%, and by 13% in Ontario, the most populous province. The leftish New Democratic Party (NDP) under Jack Layton, a vigorous new leader, almost doubled its share of the vote, but won only six more seats.", "Martin's new age of minority\nWhat saved the day for the Liberals was that many voters in socially tolerant Ontario were scared of Mr Harper's Conservatives, a party cobbled together from his own right-wing Canadian Alliance and the more moderate Progressive Conservatives. The Liberals and the NDP succeeded in arousing fears that the Conservative platform concealed ambiguities on abortion and that neither Medicare nor the Charter of Rights and Freedoms would be safe in the party's hands", "Martin's new age of minority\nMr Harper, a cerebral economist from oil-rich Alberta, had dominated the early weeks of campaigning with attacks on Liberal corruption. But he aroused ire when he suggested that Mr Martin was soft on child pornography.", "Martin's new age of minority\nAfter weeks of hesitant lethargy, Mr Martin came alive in the campaign's final days. He flung himself into a coast-to-coast dash to support candidates in tight fights. He began touting his successful record in ten years as finance minister under Mr Chr\u00e9tien, casting aside his previous pretence that the two men (who abhor each other) had no links", "Martin's new age of minority\nMeanwhile, Mr Harper, apparently confident of victory and having set a transition team to work, eased off; on the campaign's final day, he took a lengthy bus ride through Alberta.", "Martin's new age of minority\nIn the end, Canada swung slightly to the left, rather than to the right. At the last election, the vote for the two separate conservative parties totalled 38%; the merged party managed only 30%. The Liberals' most willing allies are the NDP; Mr Layton said he wants \u201ca significant role\u201d. Between them the two parties will be just one seat short of a majority (or two, if they provide the speaker).", "Martin's new age of minority\nThe leftward tilt is a challenge for Mr Martin, a businessman who as finance minister balanced Canada's books, cutting both taxes and spending. This week, he sounded sanguine. There was broad agreement on his top priority, more health spending, he said. He will seek support for his health-care plans at a meeting with provincial premiers. A promised child-care scheme should attract support from the NDP and the Bloc Qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois, but both have a long wish-list of other new spending pledges", "Martin's new age of minority\nClashes are likely, too, over defence (even though the hawkish defence minister lost his seat). Mr Martin wants Canada to take part in the Bush administration's plans for an anti-missile shield; the NDP and the Bloc are opposed. The NDP, but not the Bloc, will push for moves towards proportional representation.", "Martin's new age of minority\nParliament is unlikely to be convened until late September, so Mr Martin has plenty of time to ponder. His first challenge will be to approve a budget next February. Otherwise, he will have to seek support issue by issue.", "Martin's new age of minority\nTo do this, he has one big weapon. None of the other parties, except perhaps the NDP, would relish another election soon. The Bloc is unlikely to do as well next time. The Conservatives need time to consolidate their new party and steer it to the centre: they will hold a policy conference in September. Making the most of his weapon will require tactical skill of an order that has been invisible since Mr Martin took over the top job"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

http://app.leg.wa.gov/billsummary?BillNumber=6267&Year=2014

Concerning high-technology research and development tax incentives. Sponsors: Hill, Benton Jan 20 First reading, referred to Trade & Economic Development. Jan 30 Public hearing in the Senate Committee on Trade & Economic Development at 8:00 AM. Feb 4 Exec

["utive action taken in the Senate Committee on Trade & Economic Development at 8:00 AM.\nTRED - Majority; do pass.\nAnd refer to Ways & Means.\nFeb 5 Referred to Ways & Means.\nFeb 10 Public hearing in the Senate Committee on Ways & Means at 1:30 PM.", "\nFeb 11 Executive action taken in the Senate Committee on Ways & Means at 1:30 PM.\nWM - Majority; 1st substitute bill be substituted, do pass."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

http://forums.macnn.com/mac-news-112/502690/two-more-apple-directors-sell-stock/print/

- - Two more Apple directors sell stock options, pocket $19 million (http://forums.macnn.com/112/mac-news/502690/two-more-apple-directors-sell-stock/) Two more Apple directors sell stock options, pocket $19 million

["", "\nLess than a week after Apple CFO Peter Oppenheimer <a href=\"http://macnn.com/rd/290900==http://www.macnn.com/articles/13/07/26/sale.follows.post.earnings.stock.jump/\" rel='nofollow'>sold some of his AAPL holdings</a> to the tune of $16.4 million, two other members of Apple's board have let go of smaller amounts of stock, grossing a total of $19 million before taxes in recent days. Long-standing board member and J", "\nCrew CEO <a href=\"http://macnn.com/rd/290901==http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/320193/000118143113042043/xslF345X03/rrd386843.xml\" rel='nofollow'>Millard Drexler</a> sold 32,562 shares in the company (gaining $14.6 million) while Intuit Chairman <a href=\"http://macnn.com/rd/290902==http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/320193/000118143113042044/xslF345X03/rrd386813.xml\" rel='nofollow'>William Campbell</a> sold 10,000 shares for a gross gain of $4.4 million", "\nBoth men sold shares awarded to them from their director stock options.<br /> <br /> Drexler, having waited a bit longer to sell his stock, fetched a better price -- selling at an average of $448 to $449 per share. Campbell's average sell price was between $440 and $441. The exact price was determined by the timing of the sale, and both men sold their shares in small batches. In Campbell's case, the stock was bought at $10.91 per share, and he retains some 1,961 shares of stock in the company", "\nDrexler's shares were purchased at prices varying between $113 and $202 per share, and he retains some 971 shares in the company.<br />"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

http://dc.weber.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/DSN/id/827/rec/494

Loading content ... Description Rating Title Z_070_Ruth Brown Creator Stewart Library - Weber State University Contributors McKay Dee Foundation; Photos taken by Delpha Allen, Edna Stratford, Faye Ball, Karla Tripp, Grace Walling, Olive Madsen, and Regina

[" Turner Image Captions I am sure everyone remembers Ruth Brown. She was a delight, but she was very strict. I remember one time I was on the medical floor. We were taking care of a very sad patient who had been depressed and lying in bed for twenty years", "\nShe came in with huge bedsores. I took care of her every day for about ten days, and I thought, I dont think I can do this one more day. But Ruth said, You are in there. That is who you are taking care of Leona Gibb Brown, Class of 1955 Description On December 31, 1910, fifteen patients were transferred to the Dee Memorial Hospital accompanied by five graduate nurses and three student nurses. These women formed the first faculty and student body of the Dee School of Nursing", "\nThe student nurses lived in the basement of the Hospital and classes were held there. Nurses were required to register in and out of quarters and could not remain out after 10 p.m., with the privilege extended to a midnight curfew once a month. Night duty was handled by students with one in charge of each nursing floor", "\nNurses were also expected to do special private duty nursing in the Hospital and in homes for practical training without additional compensation.The Dee School of Nursing operated with few changes until World War II when a section of the U.S. Cadet Nurses Corps was organized to help with the shortage of nurses. The scholarships paid the tuition and issued a small stipend. The only requirement was that the students remain active in nursing during the war", "\nThe last class graduated in 1955 when the school merged into the nursing program at Weber College. In its forty-five years of existence, the school graduated more than 700 nurses, many of whom continued working in Northern Utah.With the last graduating class in 1955, the alumni are disappearing fast and we wanted to capture their stories before they were lost like the Dee Hospital. Through this oral history project, we learned about the women behind the grades and photographs", "\nThey talked about their experiences with the doctors, patients, and each other. They expressed the hard work they put in on a daily basis but also the fun times such as sliding down the hills during the winter on the steel bed pans. This oral history project put faces and stories to the static student records and expanded on what became of them after they graduated from the Dee School of Nursing", "\nDate Original 1910; 1911; 1912; 1913; 1914; 1915; 1916; 1917; 1918; 1919; 1920; 1921; 1922; 1923; 1924; 1925; 1926; 1927; 1928; 1929; 1930; 1931; 1932; 1933; 1934; 1935; 1936; 1937; 1938; 1939; 1940; 1941; 1942; 1943; 1944; 1945; 1946; 1947; 1948; 1949; 1950; 1951; 1952; 1953; 1954; 1955 Physical Description Black and White photographs (5x7, 8x10, 3x4); color photographs; digital images Subject Nursing--United States; Ogden (Utah); Thomas D", "\nDee Memorial Hospital; Nursing students--United States Digital Format image/jp2 Publisher [Ogden, Utah]: Weber State University, Stewart Library, c2011. Date Digital 2011 Language eng Spatial Coverage Ogden (Utah); Weber County (Utah) Type Image Source MS 147, MS 355, MS 41 Relation http://librarydigitalcollections.weber.edu/ Conversion Specifications Archived TIFF images were scanned by Sarah Langsdon at 400 dpi with an Epson Expression 10000XL scanner. JPG and PDF files were then created for general use", "\nDigital Identifier Dee_OralHistory Rights Management Materials may be used for non-profit and educational purposes; please credit Special Collections Department, Stewart Library, Weber State University. Tags Add tags for Z_070_Ruth Brown"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://explorecourses.stanford.edu/search?q=all+courses&academicYear=20162017&amp%3Bamp%3Bview=catalog&amp%3Bamp%3BacademicYear=20152016&amp%3Bamp%3Bfilter-coursestatus-Active=on&amp%3Bamp%3Bfilter-ger-GERDBHum=on&page=3&amp%3Bpage=49&amp%3Bamp%3Bpage=69

AMSTUD 123D: American Literature, 1855 to World War I A survey of American writers from Whitman to T.S. Eliot, including Emily Dickinson, Mark Twain, Stephen Crane, Frank Norris, Kate Chopin, Theodore Dreiser, and Henry James. Topics include the tension b

["etween romance and realism, the impact of naturalism and modernism, as well as race, gender, and the literary evolution of the American language.\nAMSTUD 123G: Mark Twain: A Fresh Look at an Icon and Iconoclast, 100 Years after His Death", "\nThe vitality and versatility of a writer who has been called America's Rabelais, Cervantes, Homer, Tolstoy, and Shakespeare. Journalism, travel books, fiction, drama, and sketches by Mark Twain; how Twain engaged such issues as personal and national identity, satire and social justice, imperialism, race and racism, gender, performance, travel, and technology", "\nWhat are Twain's legacies in 2010, the centennial of his death, the 175th anniversary of his birth, and the 125th anniversary of his most celebrated novel", "\nLast offered: Spring 2010 | UG Reqs: GER:DB-Hum, GER:EC-AmerCul\nAMSTUD 124A: The American West (ARTHIST 152, ENGLISH 124, HISTORY 151, POLISCI 124A)\nInstructors: Cain, B. (PI) ; Fishkin, S. (PI) ; Freyberg, D. (PI) ... more instructors for AMSTUD 124A \u00bb\nInstructors: Cain, B. (PI) ; Fishkin, S. (PI) ; Freyberg, D. (PI) ; Kennedy, D. (PI) ; Nemerov, A. (PI)", "\nAMSTUD 124A | 5 units | UG Reqs: GER:DB-Hum, GER:EC-AmerCul, WAY-A-II, WAY-SI | Class # 19346 | Section 01 | Grading: Letter (ABCD/NP) | LEC | Students enrolled: 68 / 125\n04/03/2017 - 06/07/2017 Tue, Thu 10:30 AM - 11:50 AM at McMurtry Building 102, Oshman with Cain, B. (PI); Fishkin, S. (PI); Freyberg, D. (PI); Kennedy, D. (PI); Nemerov, A. (PI)\nInstructors: Cain, B. (PI); Fishkin, S. (PI); Freyberg, D. (PI); Kennedy, D. (PI); Nemerov, A. (PI)", "\nAMSTUD 132: American Art and Culture, 1528-1910 (ARTHIST 132, ARTHIST 332)\nThe visual arts and literature of the U.S. from the beginnings of European exploration to the Civil War. Focus is on questions of power and its relation to culture from early Spanish exploration to the rise of the middle classes. Cabeza de Vaca, Benjamin Franklin, John Singleton Copley, Phillis Wheatley, Charles Willson Peale, Emerson, Hudson River School, American Genre painters, Melville, Hawthorne and others.", "\nLast offered: Autumn 2013 | UG Reqs: GER:DB-Hum, GER:EC-AmerCul, WAY-A-II\nAMSTUD 140: Stand Up Comedy and the \"Great American Joke\" Since 1945 (CSRE 140C)", "\nDevelopment of American Stand Up Comedy in the context of social and cultural eruptions after 1945, including the Borscht Belt, the Chitlin\u00bf Circuit, the Cold War, censorship battles, Civil Rights and other social movements of the 60s and beyond", "\nThe artistry of stories, monologues, jokes, impersonations, persona, social satire, scatology, obscenity, riffs, rants, shtick, and more by such artists as Lenny Bruce, Dick Gregory, Richard Pryor, George Carlin, Margaret Cho, Sarah Silverman, Jon Stewart, Stephen Colbert, as well as precursors such as Mark Twain, minstrelsy and vaudeville and related films, TV shows, poems and other manifestations of similar sensibilities and techniques.", "\nAMSTUD 142: The Literature of the Americas (COMPLIT 142, CSRE 142, ENGLISH 172E)", "\nA wide-ranging overview of the literatures of the Americas inncomparative perspective, emphasizing continuities and crises that are common to North American, Central American, and South American literatures as well as the distinctive national and cultural elements of a diverse array of primary works", "\nTopics include the definitions of such concepts as empire and colonialism, the encounters between worldviews of European and indigenous peoples, the emergence of creole and racially mixed populations, slavery, the New World voice, myths of America as paradise or utopia, the coming of modernism, twentieth-century avant-gardes, and distinctive modern episodes--the Harlem Renaissance, the Beats, magic realism, Noigandres--in unaccustomed conversation with each other.", "\nLast offered: Winter 2013 | UG Reqs: GER:DB-Hum, GER:EC-AmerCul, WAY-A-II\nAMSTUD 143A: American Architecture (ARTHIST 143A, ARTHIST 343A, CEE 32R)\nA historically based understanding of what defines American architecture. What makes American architecture American, beginning with indigenous structures of pre-Columbian America. Materials, structure, and form in the changing American context. How these ideas are being transformed in today's globalized world.", "\nAMSTUD 145M: Culture Wars: Art and Social Conflict in the USA, 1890-1950 (ARTHIST 145, ARTHIST 345, FEMGEN 145)\nAMSTUD 146: Asian American Culture and Community (ASNAMST 146S, COMPLIT 146, CSRE 146S)", "\nThis course introduces students to the histories of Asians in America, specifically as these histories are part of a broader Asia-US-Pacific history that characterized the 20th century and now the 21st. We will combine readings in history, literature, sociology, with community-based learning.nnThe course takes place over two quarters. The first quarter focuses on gaining knowledge of Asian America and discussion key topics that students wish to focus on collaboratively", "\nDuring this first quarter we also learn about community-based learning, set up teams and projects, and develop relationships with community organizations. The second quarter students work with student liaisons (senior students who have experience in service learning) and complete their work with the community\u00bfthere are no formal class meetings this second quarter. Service Learning Course (certified by Haas Center). Course can be repeated once.", "\nLast offered: Winter 2015 | UG Reqs: GER:DB-Hum, WAY-ED, WAY-SI | Repeatable for credit\nAMSTUD 146C: Hemingway, Hurston, Faulkner, and Fitzgerald (ENGLISH 146C)", "\nWhile Hemingway and Fitzgerald were flirting with the expatriate avant-garde in Europe, Hurston and Faulkner were performing anthropological field-work in the local cultures of the American South. Focus on the tremendous diversity of concerns and styles of four writers who marked America's coming-of-age as a literary nation with their multifarious experiments in representing the regional and the global, the racial and the cosmopolitan, the macho and the feminist, the decadent and the impoverished.", "\nTerms: Win | Units: 3-5 | UG Reqs: GER:DB-Hum, GER:EC-AmerCul, WAY-A-II, WAY-ED\nInstructors: Jones, G. (PI)\nAMSTUD 146C | 3-5 units | UG Reqs: GER:DB-Hum, GER:EC-AmerCul, WAY-A-II, WAY-ED | Class # 20393 | Section 01 | Grading: Letter or Credit/No Credit | LEC | Students enrolled: 25\n01/09/2017 - 03/17/2017 Mon, Wed, Fri 10:30 AM - 11:20 AM at 260-113 with Jones, G. (PI)", "\n\u00ab prev | Page: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 | next \u00bb"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

http://www.forbes.com/sites/kensilverstein/2012/03/06/is-obama-slicker-than-big-oil/?commentId=comment_blogAndPostId/blog/comment/1963-287-121

High prices and profits are now defining the oil sector, which the president says can be attributed in part to public subsidies -- incentives that should be removed and used to reduce the annual deficit or re-allocated to clean energy. Wind, solar and ene

["rgy efficiency efficiency must also get a chance at the American dream.", "\n\u201cThe United States consumes more than 20 percent of the world\u2019s oil,\u201d says President Obama, in a recent energy speech. \u201cBut we only have 2 percent of the world\u2019s oil reserves. That means we can\u2019t just rely on fossil fuels from the last century. We have to keep developing new sources of energy. We have to keep developing new technology that helps us use less energy.\u201d", "\nInvestments in clean technologies have created thousands of jobs and allowed wind and solar to nudge their way into markets, the administration says. Have there been publicly funded failures? Absolutely, it adds, but even Congress expected as much by reserving billions to cover such losses. Still, solar maker Solyndra\u2019s bankruptcy is far less a public nuisance than the BP oil spill that cost billions to clean and that continues to disrupt millions of lives.", "\nBy comparison, those oil subsidies are \u201coutrageous and inexcusable,\u201d the president argues, pointing out that they total $4 billion a year -- when gas prices are nearing $4 a barrel. \u201cTell me: Does anyone really think Congress should give them another $4 billion this year?\u201d", "\nGood question. Many people, including the Republicans in Congress and all those from the oil patch, say that the answer is an unequivocal \u201cyes.\u201d In the past, those lawmakers have prevented attempts to wipe out the breaks. Doing so would cause the price of gasoline to rise even more, they say, which is also something that the Congressional Research Service backed up in a report it issued in 2011.", "\nMoreover, it would lead to less domestic energy, fewer jobs and reduced government revenue, the industry tells lawmakers. The oil and gas industry says that it pays $86 million each day into the federal treasury, referencing a study by the Strategic Energy & Economic Research that calls oil and gas companies \u201cprobably the biggest stimulus\u201d that this country has going.", "\n\u201cTo spur new jobs, the president advocates tax breaks for everyone but the oil and gas industry \u2013 the one sector with the proven ability to create jobs and already supporting 9.2 million of them,\u201d says Jack Gerard, head of the American Petroleum Institute.", "\nWind and solar require enormous subsidies and have not shown that they can operate at commercial scale, the petroleum industry has said. Trying to replace fossil fuels by mandating the production of and use of renewables before the technologies are ready would only increase costs. The oil sector is pointing to a U.S. Energy Information Administration report issued last summer that shows clean energy subsidies rose to $14.67 billion in 2010, from $5.1 billion in 2007.", "\nIf the oil industry can\u2019t be beaten, then what\u2019s the point in giving this issue such a high profile", "\n? It has both political and economic benefits, from the president\u2019s vantage point", "\nBig Oil is a faceless brick wall that is easy to attack, especially because everyone is reminded each day of what they are paying for gas while they are simultaneously hearing about record oil profits.Start Gallery Page {{article.article.page + 1}} / {{article.article.pages.length}} Continue {{article.article.calledOutCommentCount||''}}Comment on this story Print Report Corrections Reprints & PermissionsTrending on Forbes {{channel_name}}false"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

http://www.prcc.edu/calendar-created/month/2014-04?items_per_page=10&page=89

Primary tabsMonth(active tab)WeekDayYear April 2014 « Prev Next » Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat 30 31 1 2 3 4 5 PRCC offering Waveland shipfitting course April 4, 2014 - 2:46pm -- admin Pearl River Community College will offer shipfitting at the Hancock Cen

["ter in Waveland this summer, beginning May 19.Applications, including the $250 course fee, are due by the first day of class.", "\nStudents will receive an Industry Recognized Certificate in Pipefitting and Application for NCCER Certification in: Core curriculum (Introductory Craft Skills), Level 1 and 2 Pipefitting and a 10-hour OSHA card.\nStudents must provide their own protective gear: #10 welding shield, welding gloves and hat, steel-toed shoes, safety glasses, ear plugs and long-sleeve shirt. Students also must obtain a drug screening at their own expense.", "\nClasses will meet from 8 a.m. to 6:30 p.m. Monday through Thursday through July 21.\nApplications can be obtained at the Hancock Center or at the welding shop at the Hancock Center. Applications and fees must be submitted to PRCC on the first day or class. The Hancock Center is located at 454 Highway 90, Ste. D, in Waveland.\nFor information, contact Raymond Jarrell at 228-252-7011 or Troy Teadt at 228-688-3113.\nApril 4, 2014 - 2:46pm PRCC offering Poplarville pipefitting course", "\nPearl River Community College will offer pipefitting on the Poplarville campus this summer, beginning June 2.\nApplications, including the $300 course fee, are due by the first day of class.\nStudents also must obtain a drug screening at their own expense.\nClasses will meet from 7 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. June 2 through July 24.\nApplications can be obtained by calling Gloria Wasmund at 601 403 1241, emailing [email protected] or at the Career Education Office on Wildcat Drive in Poplarville.", "\nApplications and fees must be submitted to Pearl River Community College, Career Education Building, 101 Highway 11 North, Poplarville MS 39470.\nApril 4, 2014 - 2:48pm PRCC offering Poplarville welding course\nPearl River Community College will offer welding on the Poplarville campus this summer, beginning May 19.\nStudents will receive an Industry Recognized Certificate in Welding and Application for Basic Lift Truck Operator OSHA Certification in: Core curriculum (Introductory Craft Skills), and Welding.", "\nClasses will meet from 7 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. May 19 through July 23.\nApril 4, 2014 - 2:51pm PRCC offering Poplarville electrical course\nPearl River Community College will offer an electrical course on the Poplarville campus this summer, beginning May 19.\nStudents will receive a Certificate in Electrical and Application for NCCER Certification in: Core curriculum (Introductory Craft Skills), and Electrical Level 1 Modules.\nClasses will meet from 7 a.m. to 3:30 p.m. May 19 to through June 26.", "\nApril 4, 2014 - 2:56pm PRCC offering Poplarville plumber\u2019s helper course\nPearl River Community College will offer a plumber\u2019s helper course on the Poplarville campus this summer, beginning May 19.\nStudents will receive a Certificate in Plumber\u2019s Helper Application for NCCER Certification in: Core curriculum (Introductory Craft Skills), and Plumbing Modules.\nClasses will meet from 7 a.m. to 4 p.m. May 19 through July 24.\nApril 4, 2014 - 2:57pm 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Delos Burks to be honored by PRCC", "\nPOPLARVILLE - The late Delos Hudson Burks was proud of his humble beginnings, calling himself \u201cjust a country boy.\u201d He graduated from Pearl River Junior College in 1946 and went on to serve with distinction in the U.S. Army Air Corps during World War II and in numerous public service positions until his death in 2008. He is one of six alumni being inducted into the Pearl River Community College Lifetime Achievement Hall of Fame on April 17 at Southern Oaks House and Gardens in Hattiesburg", "\nOther inductees are entertainer Jimmy Buffett, who will accept by video; retired banker James R. Ginn of Bay St. Louis, retired surveyor Francis Herrin of Hattiesburg, retired Secret Service agent Howell Purvis of Purvis and retired attorney Donnie Waits of Gulfport", "\nDelos Burk served as a charter member of the Pearl River Community College Development Foundation board and was always an active member of the Pearl River County Alumni Association and took great pride in supporting our students at the college,\u201d said Ernie Lovell, executive director of the Development Foundation. \u201cHe carried that support for education on to Jackson through his time in the Legislature. He was a tremendous proponent of education.\u201d Burks\u2019 granddaughter, State Sen", "\nAngela Burks Hill of Picayune, will accept the award on behalf of the family. Marsha Burks Megehee of Picayune remembers her father talking about his days at Pearl River and the college\u2019s impact on his life. \u201cPRJC enabled country boys like him to obtain an education in his own community, providing a step up to him and those like him, to further their education at a four-year college,\u201d she said", "\n\u201cHe always believed the school was responsible for his later accomplishments in service to his state and country.\u201d Burks came to Pearl River after graduating from Industrial High School in rural Pearl River County and worked on the college farm for 10 cents an hour. After graduation, he taught high school math for several years before enlisting in the Army Air Corps. He was commissioned a second lieutenant in May 1942 and two days later married Melva Rester", "\nHe and his crew flew 35 combat missions in B-26 Marauders and OA-10A Catalinas (PBYs) in the Pacific Theater, saving the lives of 172 downed pilots during sea rescues. Burks was promoted to major and left active duy in 1945 to pursue his bachelor\u2019s degree at then-Mississippi Southern College. He earned the law degree in 1954 while serving in the state Legislature from 1952-1960 and as a National VFW Press Officer", "\nHe also served on the state Building Commission, as an assistant attorney general and on the Ethics Commission. Burks continued his military service in the Mississippi Air National Guard, retiring as a major general. He and his late wife had three children, seven grandchildren and numerous great-grandchildren. \u201cHe would be so proud that he is being honored at PRCC, a school he dearly loved and appreciated,\u201d Megehee said.", "\nTickets for the gala are $100 and are available by calling 601 403-1191 through Friday, April 11.\nDelos Burks\nApril 7, 2014 - 10:10am Ginn, Waits named to Lifetime Achievement Hall of Fame", "\nTwo Gulf Coast residents will be among those honored by Pearl River Community College with induction into the Lifetime Achievement Hall of Fame. James Ginn of Diamondhead and Donnie Waits of Gulfport will be inducted on Thursday, April 17, at Southern Oaks House and Gardens in Hattiesburg. Ginn, who is retired as executive vice president for Hancock Bank, played football at Pearl River and earned his degree in 1959", "\n\u201cI guess the thing that I looked back at is they cared for us,\u201d he said of his time at Pearl River. \u201cBack then, you had to go to school. You couldn\u2019t lay in the sack because if you had three unexcused absences you were out.\u201d He went onto Delta State before starting his banking career in 1962. Waits played on the Wildcat football teams of 1954 and 1955. \u201cThe people were down to earth and fun-loving but, at the same time, serious about going to school,\u201d Waits said", "\nAfter leaving Pearl River, he attended then-Mississippi Southern College and Tulane Law School. His career as an attorney included serving as Stone County prosecuting attorney and as an Assistant U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of Mississippi. He also served in the U.S. Marine Corps and Marine Reserves", "\nOthers to be inducted into the Lifetime Achievement Hall of Fame are entertainer Jimmy Buffett (who will accept by video), the late Delos Burks of Picayune, who served in several state positions including the Legislature and in the Mississippi Air National Guard; Francis Herrin of Hattiesburg, who had a 40-year career with Shell Oil Co.; and retired Secret Service agent Howell Purvis of Purvis. Corporate sponsor for the gala is Hattiesburg Coca-Cola. Tickets for the social at 6 p.m. and dinner at 6:30 p.m", "\nare $100. They can be purchased through Friday, April 11, by calling 601-403-1191.", "\nJames Ginn\nDonnie Waits\nApril 7, 2014 - 10:14am PRCC to honor successful alumni", "\nThree men with ties to the Hattiesburg area are among those in the 2014 class of the Pearl River Community College Lifetime Achievement Hall of Fame. Francis Herrin of Hattiesburg, Howell Purvis of Purvis and Donnie Waits of Gulfport will be inducted during a gala on Thursday, April 17, at Southern Oaks House and Garden. Herrin, a native of Prentiss, graduated from Pearl River in 1958 and enjoyed a 40-year career as a surveyor with Shell Oil Co. in Jeannerette and New Orleans, La", "\n\u201cGoing there really made it for me, to tell you the truth,\u201d Herrin said. \u201cNow that I look back I have to say that was some of the best days of my lfie. After I got kind of settled in down there and got to know a lot of people, we had a lot of fun.\u201d Purvis completed his degree at Pearl River in 1956 and began a varied career that included two stints as a Naval aviator and 20 years with the U.S. Secret Service. \u201cI was in the band at Pearl River, played trumpet and really, really loved that,\u201d Purvis said", "\n\u201cI made a lot of wonderful friends. We still email back and forth.\u201d Purvis continues to play trumpet and has played \u201cTaps\u201d at more than 300 military funerals with the VFW Post 3036 Honor Guard. Waits, a Hattiesburg native, played football on the 1954 and 1955 Pearl River teams. \u201cThe people were down to earth and fun-loving but, at the same time, serious about going to school,\u201d Waits said. His career as an attorney included serving as Stone County\u2019s prosecuting attorney and as an Assistant U.S", "\nAttorney for the Southern District of Mississippi. He also served in the U.S. Marine Corps and Marine Reserves. Other PRCC alumni who will be honored with induction are entertainer Jimmy Buffett (who will accept by video), the late Delos Burks of Picayune who served in several state positions including the Legislature and in the Mississippi Air National Guard; and retired banker James Ginn of Diamondhead Corporate sponsor for the gala is Hattiesburg Coca-Cola. Tickets for the social at 6 p.m", "\nand dinner at 6:30 p.m. are $100. They can be purchased through Friday, April 11, by calling 601-403-1191.", "\nFrancis Herrin\nHowell Purvis\nApril 7, 2014 - 10:24am 'Little Black Dress' benefits student fund\nApril 8, 2014 - 8:23am -- braswell", "\nPOPLARVILLE - The Pearl River Community College Alumni Association is holding its annual Little Black Dress Charity Event from 11 a.m. to 1 p.m. Saturday, April 26, at the home of PRCC President Dr. William and Janet Gale Lewis. The event will include a fashion show, luncheon and silent auction which will include more than 100 accessories and handbags. Money raised at the event will go to the PRCC Student Needs Fund at the Development Foundation", "\nTickets are a $50 donation and can be purchased over the phone by calling 601-403-1193 using Visa, MasterCard or American Express. For more information contact Candace Harper at 601-403-1193 or [email protected]. April 8, 2014 - 8:23am Hunt to present guitar recital", "\nPOPLARVILLE - Trevor Hunt will be presented in a classical guitar recital at 10:50 a.m. Tuesday, April 15, at Malone Chapel at Pearl River Community College. The public is invited to attend. Hunt, PRCC guitar instructor, will perform \u201cPreludios Epigramaticos\u201d by Leo Brouwer, which consists for six movements, and \u201cSonata (Omaggio a Boccherini)\u201d by Mario Castelnuovo-Tedesco. He also will present a recital at 4 p.m. Tuesday, April 22, at Bay Street Presbyterian Church in Hattiesburg.", "\nApril 10, 2014 - 8:30am Spring 2014 Final Examination Schedule\nApril 10, 2014 - 10:12am -- admin\nNight Classes:\nWednesday: April 23\nThursday: April 24\nMonday: April 28\nTuesday: April 29\n(Night class exams are to be given at regularly scheduled times.)\n8:00 - 9:18 TR\n12:00 - 12:53 MWF12:00 - 12:18 MW/12:15 - 1:33 MW\n9:25 - 10:43 TR\n8:00 - 8:53 MWF8:00 - 9:18 MW\n10:00 - 10:53 MWF10:00 - 11:18 MW/10:50 - 12:08 MW\n4:30 - 5:48 MW\n8:00- 9:50\n9:00 - 9:53 MWF9:00 - 10:18 MW/9:25 - 10:43 MW", "\n11:00 - 11:53 MWF11:00 - 12:18 MW\n12:15 - 1:33 TR\n3:00 - 4:18 MW/3:05 - 4:23 MW\n2:00 - 2:53 MWF2:00 - 3:18 MW/1:40 - 2:58 MW\n10:50 - 12:08 TR\nA student with three examinations on one day may see their instructor on or before Wednesday, April 30, 2014, to request moving an examination to another day.\nApril 10, 2014 - 10:12am Dr. Becky Askew receives national honor", "\nPOPLARVILLE \u2013 Dr. Becky Askew, Vice President for Planning and Institutional Research for Pearl River Community College, received the 2014 Mildred Bulpitt Woman of the Year award by the American Association of Women in Community Colleges", "\nMildred Bulpitt, was a founding member of AAWCC and a passionate advocate for women in leadership in community colleges and beyond.According to the AAWCC, the Bulpitt Award is bestowed upon a woman who has an outstanding record of service to women in the two-year college setting. Additionally, she must be a woman whose service to women in two-year colleges deserves national recognition as a role model for two-year college women throughout the country", "\n\u201cIf ever there was a person who has demonstrated a capacity for leadership and whose attitude, values, and actions portray a broader notion of how she inspires positive changes in her work environment and community, it is Dr. Askew,\u201d said PRCC President William Lewis. \u201cHer experience as a veteran educator has proved to be a valuable asset to PRCC as well as the community.\u201d Dr. Askew received her award Monday, April 7, at the annual AAWCC awards breakfast in Washington, D.C", "\n\u201cReceiving this award has given to me the opportunity to thank my colleagues and my family for their encouragement and assistance throughout the years,\u201d said Dr. Askew. \u201cI believe that any success that I have had is because of team work", "\n\u201cI accepted the award on behalf of the many strong women who have guided me throughout my life and on behalf of the women at Pearl River Community College who work to ensure that our students are successful and have a bright future.\u201d As PRCC\u2019s Vice President for Planning and Institutional Research, Dr", "\nAskew serves as the SACSCOC accreditation liaison for the college and coordinates strategic planning efforts, personnel evaluations, grant proposals, and professional development activities for faculty, staff, and administrators. In her various roles, she encourages women on campus to continue their education in order to achieve leadership positions.Dr. Askew has served as the chair of PRCC\u2019s annual Women\u2019s Health Symposium since its beginning in 2007", "\nShe leads the planning of all aspects of the Symposium, giving numerous women at the College and in the community the opportunity to serve in leadership positions", "\nOutstanding speakers inspire and motivate approximately 450 women not only to take action to improve their health and the health of their family members, but also to lead more productive and fulfilling lives.She was the second woman to serve as President of the Rotary Club of Poplarville and provided leadership and training for female presidents who followed her", "\nShe served as Governor of Rotary District 6840, composed of Rotary Clubs in South Mississippi and Southeastern Louisiana, and has participated in the training of Rotary Governors in regional activities.Dr. Askew also serves as board member and treasurer of the Lower Pearl River Valley Foundation. She encourages and promotes grant activities for women and others throughout the Lower Pearl River Valley region", "\nShe was named Administrator of the Year by the PRCC Association of Educational Office Professionals and served as Chair of the PRCC Honors Institute Steering Committee.The AAWCC, organized in 1973, proclaims on its website that it is the leading national organization that champions women and maximizes their potential.", "\nApril 11, 2014 - 11:05am 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 JazzCats, The Voices to perform together\nApril 14, 2014 - 2:37pm -- braswell", "\nPOPLARVILLE - Two Pearl River Community College groups will come together in concert for the first time on April 24. The JazzCats band and The Voices ensemble will also perform individually during the Spring Concert at 7 p.m. April 24 at the Brownstone Center for the Arts", "\nThe groups will perform together on \u201cIt Had Better Be Tonight,\u201d a Henry Mancini composition used in the Pink Panther movie and popularized in recent years by Michael Buble`, and \u201cSmack Dab in the Middle,\u201d a standard recorded by several artists include The New York Voices. The Voices will also perform a number of selections varying from a cappella pop to traditional vocal jazz. The JazzCats will play several tunes, include \u201cManteca,\u201d a Dizzy Gillespie classic; \u201cIndiana,\u201d \u201cMr", "\nGK,\u201d a tribute to drummer Gene Krupa; \u201cSoulful Strut,\u201d \u201cLittle Big Gumbo\u201d and \u201cCold Duck Time.\u201d LaDona Tyson directs The Voices. The JazzCats are directed by Archie Rawls, assisted by Michael Bass. There is no admission for the concert.", "\nApril 14, 2014 - 2:37pm 'Pearls' bring home more championship trophies", "\nPOPLARVILLE - The String of Pearls dance team at Pearl River Community College returned from national competition in Dallas March 28 and 29 with two team first-place awards and one individual top honor. The team won the American Dance and Drill Team championship for its pom routine in the large ensemble category and the academic championship in the community college division based on the team grade point average", "\nFreshman Regan al-Jabi of Carriere won the solo dance competition while freshman Emily Rhodes of Hattiesburg came in second. They competed against 12 other dancers. The team also placed second in hip hop, the first year to compete in this category, and fourth in jazz routine. Director is Kara Fleming", "\nIn addition to al-Jabi and Rhodes, team members are Emily Fleming, Brooke Wactor, Bridgett Patterson and Caitlynn Herrin, all of Carriere; Megan Varnado, Annakae Frierson, Reanna Reese, Melissa Dragon, Victoria Farmer, Hanna Falls and Linzy Hudson-Kline, all of Picayune; Gabby Burge, Meghan Witworth and Carley Harrell, all of Poplarville; Taylor Thames and Taylor Turcotte, both of Waveland; Breanna Peters of Brandon, Darion Matthews of Richton and Amber Pineda of Hattiesburg", "\nThe String of Pearls dance team at Pearl River Community College recently won the American Dance and Drill Team national championship for the pom routine in the large ensemble category and the national academic championship against all other community college in the competition based on the members' grade point averages. They are, kneeling from left, Regan al-Jabi, Emily Fleming, both of Carriere; Breanna Peters of Brandon, Brooke Wactor of Carriere", "\nMegan Varnado of Picayune, Bridgett Patterson of Carriere, Emily Rhodes of Hattiesburg, Darion Matthews of Richton; standing, Gabby Burge of Poplarville, Annakae Frierson of Picayune, Meghan Witworth of Poplarville, Reanna Reese , Melissa Dragon, both of Picayune; Carley Harrell of Poplarville, Victoria Farmer of Picayune, Amber Pineda of Hattiesburg, Hanna Falls of Picayune, Caitlyn Herrin of Carriere, Taylor Thames of Waveldna, Linzy Hudson-Kline of Picayune and Taylor Turcotte of Waveland", "\nString of Pearls dancer Regan al-Jabi of Carriere, left, won the solo competition at the American Dance and Drill Tearm championships in Dallas. Emily Rhodes of Hattiesburg, right, was first runner-up. Both are freshmen and competed against 12 other community college dancers.", "\nApril 15, 2014 - 8:51am NAVO technicans come to PRCC for training\nApril 16, 2014 - 10:51am -- braswell", "\nPOPLARVILLE - A group of technicians from the Naval Oceanograhpic Office at Stennis Space Center spent several days recently at Pearl River Community College. The men were enrolled in a 40-hour course in the PRCC heating and air conditioning program through the college\u2019s Workforce Development division. \u201cThey\u2019re learning how to install mini-splits and refrigerant circuits,\u201d instructor Eric McCoy said. Mini-splits are compact air conditioners used on ships, he said", "\n\u201cThese go on 20-foot containers for offshore use,\u201d NAVO electrical technician Corey Smith said. \u201cThey keep our seagoing containers cool while we\u2019re at sea.\u201d The block schedule utilized in many of PRCC\u2019s career-technical education programs allows the college to offer training when students are between block classes. McCoy has been teaching classes for NAVO for three years. \u201cI like to use this asset for on-the-job training,\u201d Smith said", "\n\u201cEric is one of the best instructors we can find.\u201d Several of the NAVO students have completed instrumentation and hydraulics block classes in the past and one, Mark Guchereau of Picayune, is a graduate of the PRCC electrical technology program. For infomation about PRCC Workforce Development, telephone 601 403-1241.", "\nPRCC heating and air conditioning instructor Eric McCoy, center, shows NAVO electrical technicians Mark Guchereau of Picayune, left, and Chauncey Philan of Pass Christian how to make a fitting for a compact air conditioning unit. Looking on is Corey Smith of NAVO.PRCC Public Relations photo\u2014\nApril 16, 2014 - 10:51am Welding students make markers for historical society\nApril 16, 2014 - 12:55pm -- braswell", "\nPOPLARVILLE - Wrought iron markers made by Pearl River Community College welding students will tell some of the history of Poplarville. Zachary Schoenauer of Picayune and Zachary Bishop of Kiln made the markers for the Poplarville Historical Preservation Society\u2019s driving tour. \u201cI like that they\u2019re going to be in and around town for the future,\u201d Schoenauer said. \u201cWe can come back and see that it\u2019s had an impact on the community.\u201d The decorative curls on each marker were made by hand", "\n\u201cThey turned out to be more than just signs,\u201d Bishop said. \u201cThey turned out to be works of art.\u201d Owners of historical homes will purchase the markers, which will be painted with the the home\u2019s name, the year it was built and the name(s) of the current owners, society president Joan Bassett said", "\n\u201cWe are organizing a driving tour of historical homes in Poplarville,\u201d she said \u201cWe need to let people know what we have here.\u201d Thirteen homes are on the tour so far, and she and other members are working on a tour brochure. The society, which has 40 members, also is putting the finishing touches on a museum in the rear of the Poplarville Chamber of Commerce office. \u201cWe\u2019re hoping to open our little museum Memorial Day weekend,\u201d she said", "\nFor more information on the society and its projects, telephone Bassett at 601 795-8736. Zachary Bishop of Kiln, left, and Zachary Schoenauer of Picayune stand outside the Pearl River Community College welding shop with two of the markers they made for the Poplarville Historical Preservation Society.", "\nApril 16, 2014 - 12:55pm Four workforce classes planned for summer", "\nPOPLARVILLE - Pearl River Community College is offering four workforce development summer courses on the Poplarville campus. Electrical, plumber\u2019s helper and welding will be offered from May 19 through July 24; pipefitting will run from June 2 - July 24. Applicants for all courses must be 18 and provide a current drug test at their own expense. Students who complete the courses will be qualified to apply for the 10-hour OSHA certification. Fee for the electrical course is $150", "\nStudents must provide 1/4-inch flat screwdriver, #2 Phillips screwdriver, 9-inch lineman pliers or equivalent, electrician\u2019s or box knife and small analog meter. Students will be eligible to apply for NCCER certification in introductory craft skills core curriculum and Level 1 modules - electrical safety, conductors and cables, basic electrical construction drawings and residential electrical service. The fee for the plumber\u2019s helper class is $100. Students must provide clear safety classes", "\nThey will be eligible for NCCER certification in introductory craft skills core curriculum and plumbing modules - blueprint reading for plumbers, plumbing math, plumbing layouts, supply and sewer lines. Fee for welding is $300. Students must have welding shield, welding gloves, welding cap, steel-toed shoes, long sleeve shirt, ear plugs and safety glasses", "\nThey will be eligible for basic lift truck operator OSHA certification along with NCCER certification in introductory craft skills core curriculum and welding. Fee for the pipefitting course is $300. Students must provide steel-toed shoes, clear safety glasses, welding cap, welding gloves, long sleeve snap shirt and tape measure", "\nCompletion of the course will allow students to apply for basic lift truck operator OSHA certification along with NCCER certification in introductory craft skills core curriculum, Level 1 and Level 2 pipefitting. The welding and pipefitting courses are eligible for WIA tuition assistance for students who qualifty. For information on WIA assistance, contact Rebekah Jackson at 601 336-2291 or [email protected]", "\nFor applications and other questions, contact Gloria Wasmund at 601 403-1241 or [email protected].", "\nApril 17, 2014 - 10:32am 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 PRCC English Society", "\nSigma Kappa Delta, Pearl River Community College's English Honor Society, Alpha Epsilon chapter, held its induction ceremony April 14 at the Forrest County Center. Inductees included from left: Front row \u2013 Charla Luvene of Hattiesburg, Jessica Hobold, of Sumrall, Shamiraca Williams of Hattiesburg, Wren Russell and Dawn Smith, both of Sumrall", "\nBack row \u2013 Sara Gibson, chapter secretary; Robert Rogness of Petal, Gonzalo Cardova of Hattiesburg, Michael Byron of Petal, Eli Bedwell of Sumrall, Matt Steen of Kosciusko, Sonya Conerly, chapter vice president; and Mason King, chapter president. Not pictured is Emily Gardner of Prentiss.", "\nPOPLARVILLE - Pearl River Community College honored six outstanding alumni with induction into the Lifetime Achievement Hall of Fame at an April 17 gala.Honored were entertainer Jimmy Buffett, the late Delos H. Burks of Picayune, James Ginn of Diamondhead, Francis Herrin of Hattiesburg, Howell Purvis of Purvis and Donnie Waits of Gulfport. \u201cWe admire what you have achieved,\u201d said PRCC President Dr. William Lewis", "\n\u201cYou are some special people we are recognizing tonight.\u201d The Lifetime Achievement Hall of Fame recognizes the successes of Pearl River alumni. \u201cIf my grandfather was here tonight, I guess he would say \u2018I did alright for a country boy.\u2019,\u201d said state Sen. Angela Burks Hill in accepting her grandfather\u2019s award. Burks graduated from PRCC in 1936, served in the U.S", "\nArmy Air Corps in World War II and went on to distinguish himself in state government, including service in the state House of Representatives, and the Mississippi Air National Guard. He retired as a major general. Ginn, a 1959 graduate, worked 42 years for Hancock Bank, retiring as executive vice president. Herrin also worked his entire career for one company - Shell Oil - after graduating from Pearl River in 1958. Purvis, a 1955 graduate, served twice as a Naval Aviator and for 20 years as a U.S", "\nSecret Service agent. He recalled learning about service to others and integrity from his instructors at Pearl River. \u201cThese values were not only taught but lived out by the staff,\u201d he said. \u201cFor all the things Pearl River College did for me, there exists a debt of gratitude that will never be repaid.\u201d Waits also graduated in 1955, heading into a 40-year career as an attorney while serving in the U.S. Marine Corps Reserve", "\nHe retired from the military as a lieutenant colonel and from the legal profession as an Assistant U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of Mississippi. Pearl River County Justice Court Judge James Hal Breland accepted the award for Buffett, who lived with the Breland family while attending Pearl River in 1965-66. Buffett also sent a video-taped acceptance", "\nHonorees at the 2014 Pearl River Community College Lifetime Achievement Hall of Fame gala were, seated from left, Howell Purvis of Purvis and Donnie Waits of Gulfport; standing, Francis Herrin of Hattiesburg, James Ginn of Diamondhead, Sen. Angela Burks Hill, representing her late grandfather Delos H. Burks; James Hal Breland, representing entertainer Jimmy Buffett; and PRCC President Dr. William Lewis.", "\nApril 22, 2014 - 12:45pm Former PRCC great Doug Daniels Hall of Fame inductee\nApril 24, 2014 - 3:01pm -- admin", "\nPOPLARVILLE - Former Pearl River Community College football great Doug Daniels will be inducted into the Mississippi Community and Junior College Sports Hall of Fame during ceremonies on Tuesday, April 29, in Jackson. Daniels, 81, who lives in Poplarville with his wife, Phyllis, is one of 15 inductees into the class. Daniels was a standout football player at PRCC from 1950-52 following an outstanding high school career at Poplarville High. \u201cThis award means everything to me,\u201d said Daniels", "\n\u201cPearl River College has been in my life since I was a toddler. I used to play football on Sunday afternoons on the campus until I was old enough to play varsity ball. The school has always been a part of my life.\u201d As a 17-year-old PRCC freshman in 1950, Daniels started as a halfback and then played the balance of the year at defensive safety. He led the defense with six interceptions in six games, returned punts and kicked PATs", "\nWhen Daniels was a sophomore, late coach Dobie Holden, a Mississippi Community and Junior College Sports Hall of Fame inductee, moved him to quarterback. One of his best passing games was four touchdown passes in a 47-0 win at East Mississippi. He also handled all the punting and kicking duties.Daniels, a PRCC Sports Hall of Fame inductee, was named to the All-State first team as the quarterback. He also received the PRCC J. J. Holcomb Outstanding Athlete Award", "\n\u201cThis is one of the great honors an athlete could have,\u201d said Daniels. \u201cI\u2019m so humbled by the selection.\u201dDaniels played his first full season of football in 1948 as a junior at Poplarville High. Playing halfback and linebacker, his team was not scored on for the first eight games. The team lost one game in 1948 by two points and two games in 1949. After Daniels' senior year, he was awarded the J. J", "\nHolcomb Award as PHS\u2019s most outstanding athlete.Daniels was recruited by Tulane University, the University of Southern Mississippi, and Southeastern Louisiana University. He chose Southeastern and alternated at quarterback, halfback, and safety on defense. Southeastern won the Gulf States Conference co-championship both years he played at SLU. In 1954, after receiving his mathematics degree, he joined the Army. While in Germany, he played baseball and football for the 12th Infantry", "\nHis football team was the only undefeated team in Europe in 1955, and Daniels was selected as the Northern European All-Conference First-Team quarterback by Stars and Stripes newspaper. In 1956, Daniels accepted the position of head coach and mathematics teacher at Poplarville High School, coaching football and baseball and teaching five math classes daily. In 1959, he was named \u201cCoach of the Year\u201d with Poplarville\u2019s first undefeated/untied football team", "\nThe 1957 and 1959 PHS Baseball teams won the Desoto Conference Championship. In 1966, he became district director of counseling and retired with 41 \u00bd years.Doug and his wife, Phyllis, who is a 36-year PRCC business instructor retiree, have been married for 47 years and have three children, Darla (David), Dana (Kevin), and Bryan (Laura), and 13 grandchildren. The three children have degrees in math or communications.", "\nApril 24, 2014 - 3:01pm Singers concert is Tuesday\nPOPLARVILLE - The Pearl River Community College Singers will present a spring concert at 7 p.m. Tuesday, April 29. The performance will be in the Ethel Holden Brownstone Center for the Arts. There is no admission charge. The Singers will present a program of standard and new compositions for choir. LaDona Tyson is PRCC director of choral program.\nApril 25, 2014 - 8:27am Top students honored at Awards Day", "\nPOPLARVILLE - Pearl River Community College recognized outstanding students Wednesday, April 23, during the annual Awards Day ceremony at Brownstone Center for the Arts. Dr. William Lewis, PRCC president, recognized Tiffany Tucker of Diamondhead and Jansen Owen of Carriere for their selection to the Phi Theta Kappa 2014 All-Mississippi Academic Team. Tucker also was named a Bronze Coca-Cola Scholarship winner and received the English and Spanish Outstanding Student awards", "\nLewis also presented the Mississippi State University Presidential Partnership Scholarships to Stephen Perry of Hattiesburg and Hollie Chester of Lumberton and the Presidential Scholarship Award for the University of Southern Mississippi to Chelsea Gascho of Picayune. Jonathan Kelly of Poplarville was recognized as PRCC\u2019s HEADWAE student and as the Outstanding Student in computer networking systems. The Citizenship Awards for academic transfer students went to Christopher Barron of Carriere and Chester", "\nThe Citizenship Award for career-technical students went to Brooke Fulcher of Lumberton, who also received the Skills USA award. Sherry Hill of Bay St. Louis received the Hancock Center Citizenship Award. The Hancock Center Leadership Award went to Tim Brister of Bay St. Louis", "\nSubject area Outstanding Student Awards are as follows:Marketing management technology - Elizabeth Ladner of Necaise.Marketing management technology, on-line - Kami Tomei of Picayune.Business office systems - Stephanie Strickland of Picayune.Criminal justice technology - Justin James of Lumberton.Health care data technology - Jackie Hinton of Poplarville.Construction equipment technology - Todd Dupre of Mendenhall.Utility lineman technology - Bradley Rayborn of Purvis.Barbering - Joseph Holloway of Picayune and Wayne Cavalier of Covington, La.Cosmetology - Jessica \u201cPJ\u201d Thompson of Picayune.Ceramics - Gus Bowering of Hattiesburg.Design - Macie Keenan of Poplarville.Music - Allen Holifield of Laurel.Public speaking - Angela Larke Bickham of Poplarville.Special studios - Hanna Williams of Picayune.Scholar athletes -Dyllon Beasley of Wiggins and Karly Mitchell of Poplarville, both soccer players.Wellness Center Wildcats - Justin James of Lumberton and Mariah Houpy of Perkinston.Creative writing - Christian Fuller", "\nBeasley of Wiggins and Karly Mitchell of Poplarville, both soccer players.Wellness Center Wildcats - Justin James of Lumberton and Mariah Houpy of Perkinston.Creative writing - Christian Fuller of Carriere", "\nFuller also received the history award.Criminal justice - D\u2019Shanal Fowler of Picayune.Political science - Shaynna King of Poplarville.Psychology - Lauren Gentry of Florence.Sociology - Lorin Duncan of Poplaville.Drafting and design technology - Russell Cowart of Poplarville", "\nHe also received the Department of Industrial Technology Leadership Award.Electronics technology - Jackie Anderson of Carriere.Instrumentation technology - Tye Whitfield of Columbia.Nursing I - Jenna Gambino of Kiln.Nursing II - Ashley Craft of Picayune.Nursing III - Judith Wells of Picayune.Nursing IV - Laura Ashley Breeland of Carriere.Nursing Leadership - Heather Black of Carriere.Mississippi Nursing Foundation - Clayton Coy of Hattiesburg.Practical nursing - Billie Alexander of Carriere.Automotive mechanics technology - Jeremy Smith of Neely.Brick, block and stonemasonry - Travis Moore of Lumberton.Construction management technology - Randy McDonald of Carriere.Electrical technology - Usef Lowe of Hattiesburg.Precision manufacturing and machining technology - Chandler Baughtman of Tylertown.Welding and cutting technology - Joseph Cuevas of Kiln.Welding, Hancock Center - Edward Erskine.Accounting - Virginia Mitchell of Purvis", "\nBiology - Israel Castillo of Prentiss.Business - Melissa Cook of Picayune.Chemistry - Shassidy Lane Ramshur of Columbia", "\nShe also received the phsyics award.Computer science - David Failla of Picayune.Who\u2019s Who in American Community Colleges 2013-14 - Mallory Cumberland, Victoria Farmer, Victoria Salinger and Taylor Smith, all of Picayune; Rachel Fowler, Virginia Mitchell, and Adam Nicolosi, all of Purvis; Jonathan Kelly, Dominica Melton and Raven Nightengale, all of Poplarville; Rachel Pierce, Shassidy Ramshur and Adam Weatherford, all of Columbia; Branden Edenfield, Reese Gill and Tiffany Tucker, all of Diamondhead; Ashley Chasez and Kadijah Johnson, both of Waveland; Desmond Edmonson and Brandi Logan, both of Hattiesburg; Matthew Powe and Miranda Rutherford, both of Bay St", "\nLouis; Kimberly Arnold of d\u2019Iberville, Heather Black of Carriere, Hollie Chester of Lumberton, Allen Holifield of Laurel, Ethan Martin of Pisgah, Eusebio Medina of Oak Grove, Destiney Morgan of Saucier, Megan Scronce of Petal and Sarah Silver of Perkinston .", "\n:Pearl River Community College students named to Who\u2019s Who in American Community Colleges 2013-14 are, seated from left, Megan Scronce of Petal, Victoria Salinger of Picayune, Dominica Melton of Poplarville, Shassidy Ramshur of Columbia, Virginia Mitchell of Purvis, Hollie Chester of Lumberton, Kimberly Arnold of d\u2019Iberville, Desmond Edmonson of Quitman; standing, Allen Holifield of Lauren, Branden Edenfield of Diamondhead, Eusebio Medina of Oak Grove, Miranda Rutherford of Bay St", "\nLouis, Reese Gill of Diamondhead, Ethan Martin of Pisgah, Victoria Farmer of Picayune, Ashley Chasez of Waveland and Jonathan Kelly of Poplarville. Not pictured are Heather Black of Carriere, Rachel Fowler and Adam Nicolsi, both of Purvis; Kadijah Johnson of Waveland, Brandi Logan of Hattiesburg, Destiney Morgan of Saucier, Raven Nightengale of Poplarville, Rachel Pierce and Adma Weatherford, both of Columbia;, Matthew Powe of Bay St", "\nLouis, Sarah Silver of Perkinston, Taylor Smith of Picayune and Tiffany Tucker of Diamondhead.PRCC Public Relations photo", "\nArchie Rawls, center, chairman of the Pearl River Community College Department of Fine Arts and Communication presented Outstanding Student Awards to, from left, Gus Bowering of Hattiesburg in ceramics, Allen Holifield of Laurel in music, Macie Keenan of Poplarville in design, Angela Larke Bickham of Poplarville in public speaking and Hanna Williams of Picayune in special studios.PRCC Public Relations photo", "\nHollie Chester of Lumberton, left, and Christopher Barron of Carriere received the Citizenship Awards for academic transfer students at Pearl River Community College from counselor Wendy Aube` during Awards Day on April 23.PRCC Public Relations photo\nApril 25, 2014 - 12:41pm 27 28 29 30 1 2 3 Mrs. Holden celebrates 105 years", "\nPOPLARVILLE - One of the matriarchs of Pearl River Community College celebrated her 105th birthday this week. Earlora Holden\u2019s family gathered at her Poplarville home Sunday, April 27, to mark the milestone two days before her actual birthday, April 29. \u201cThe Lord has richly blessed us,\u201d her daughter, Dr. Carole Lund of Mandeville, La., said before the guests ate lunch. Mrs. Holden came to PRCC in 1948 when her late husband, Dobie, was hired to coach football", "\nThe couple and their children lived in an apartment in Huff Hall for seven years before building the house on U.S. 11 where she lives with the help of personal assistants. She became a student at the age of 40, served as secretary-treasurer of the Pearl River Class of 1951 and went on to earn both bachelor\u2019s and master\u2019s degrees from then-Mississippi Southern College. Mrs. Holden taught business education at Pearl River for 27 years and served as department chair", "\nShe also was in charge of the presentation of the homecoming court and sponsored the cheerleaders. Dobie Holden coached the Pearl River Wildcats to the 1961 national championship and retired from coaching in 1966. He served as dean of men until 1970.During their retirement years, Mrs. Holden took up a variety of hobbies, including painting, crocheting and embroidery, and the couple gardened and traveled extensively before his death in 1986", "\nIn 2010, PRCC named a women\u2019s dormitory the Earlora Chapman Holden Student Residence Hall in her honor. \u201cShe got a big 8-by-10 card from the students in Holden dorm,\u201d Lund said. \u201cShe loved that. She treasured having her close family there with her. It was a great reminder of her 100th birthday celebration. Every person that was there brought a smile to Mom.\u201d During the get-together, Dr. Thomas Holden of Grenada remembered his mother asking \u201cWhat\u2019s next?\u201d after her 100th birthday party", "\n\u201cI said, \u2018How about 105?,\u201d he said. \u201cSo now, it\u2019s how about 110?\u201d Mrs. Holden and her children are charter members of the PRCC Development Foundation which awards the Coach Dobie Holden Memorial Scholarship annually. Mrs. Holden received the foundation\u2019s Distinguished Service Award in 1989.", "\nEarlora Holden holds the birthday card signed by the Pearl River Community College students who live in the Earlora Chapman Holden Student Residence Hall.PRCC Public Relations photoDr. Carole Lund of Mandeville, La., welcomes family to the 105th birthday celebration for her mother, Mrs. Earlora Holden of Poplarville, seated. Listening are Mrs. Holden\u2019s son, Dr. Thomas Holden of Grenada, and her niece, Rosemarie Baugher of Houston, Texas.PRCC Public Relations photo"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.storieo.com/quentin-tarantino/

Quentin Tarantino: The Master of Violence

["Quentin Tarantino: The Master of Violence\nQuentin Tarantino : Another Name of Violence\nViolence is one of the most fun things to watch.\n\u2013 Quentin Jerome Tarantino\nQuentin Tarantino was born on March 27th, 1963, in the city of Knoxville, Tennessee. His upbringing was relatively simple and straightforward. He was born to a musician father and a strong, independent mother. He had to quickly relocate himself to California after his parents separated early in his life.\nFrom the age of two onwards, he spent his early life in the suburbs of Los Angeles.", "Quentin Tarantino: The Master of Violence\nHe was greatly fascinated by cinema at an early age, so he dropped out of high school at age fifteen to make an acting career. He started taking classes during daytime and watching classic movies by night. While he was struggling to survive, he got his first job as an employee at the Video Archives rental store near his home. It resulted in one of the most creative film consumption periods of any person working in Hollywood today.", "Quentin Tarantino: The Master of Violence\nDuring his career at the Video Archives, Tarantino watched thousands of films and built a immense knowledge of cinema and also formed his creative yet homage-filled style at the same time. From western flicks and historical movies to kung fu, Tarantino's knowledge of cinema became an important aspect of his style, influencing stories and designs in his future creations.\nTarantino meet his future collaborator Lawrence Bender at a party and after it he started writing his first screenplay.", "Quentin Tarantino: The Master of Violence\nHis first immediate success was The mega-violent and street-smart Reservoir Dogs and it\u2019s also bringing in over ten times his modest budget. This film was financed by an actor Harvey Keitel, who would then become one of the most valued recurring cast members of Tarantino.\nWhen people ask me if I went to film school I tell them, 'no, I went to films.'", "Quentin Tarantino: The Master of Violence\nAlthough Reservoir Dogs received the critical acclaim, but Tarantino wanted more and he set out to make a movie that would clearly define him as a director. After two years, his second film, Pulp Fiction, was released to universal acclaim. The film was a huge financial success and established Tarantino as a new Hollywood filmmaker that combined style with meaningful story.\nAfter it many film hit but no one like the Pulp Fiction.", "Quentin Tarantino: The Master of Violence\nA partnership with cult favourite director Robert Rodriguez resulted in From Dusk Till Dawn, a bizarre vampire movie that wasn't a hit amongst critics. Soon Tarantino received critical acclaim once again for his first non-original script, the hit blaxploitation homage Jackie Brown, which reignited the career of former star Pam Grier.", "Quentin Tarantino: The Master of Violence\nFrom a struggler to on top of the world, Tarantino spent the more recent years of his career on the film projects that he was most interested in. He made a two part series based on the character of 'The Bride', a revenge-seeking bride which he invented with Uma Thurman while directing Pulp Fiction.\nLater he created what be the world\u2019s best revenge film, the hilarious and somewhat disturbing Inglourious Basterds, a bizarre take on World War II.", "Quentin Tarantino: The Master of Violence\nHe also spent his time to helping international directors gain exposure in the United States, using his name and reputation to release a range of independent releases in major cinema chains.\nWith a career that's produced both critical acclaim and commercial success, Quentin Tarantino is a rare ambassador of both artistic integrity and bankable skills in the film industry.", "Quentin Tarantino: The Master of Violence\nAn ambitious self-educator, his success isn't the result of advanced training or an extensive education, but a desire and motivation to succeed that pushed him past his peers.\nFeatured232Hollywood2Inspiration28inspiring22Quentin Tarantino1Valentine Day Story3violence2\nPriyanka Sharma\nPublished in Inspiration, Movies, True Story on Mar 27, 2016"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://books.google.ad/books?id=4XAUAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA92&vq=%22of+one+heart+and+of+one+soul+%3B+neither+said+any+of+them+that+ought+of+the+things+which+he%22&dq=editions:OXFORD600091806&lr=&hl=ca&output=text

Report on the Public Schools of the United States - 1815

["Report on the Public Schools of the United States - 1815\nfor the purpose of educating their sons in their own language and habits. Though endowed with considerable funds, and placed under the direction of persons of different denominations, Lutherans, Presbyterians, and Calvinists, it has not flourished. In 1815 the number of students did not exceed fifty.", "Report on the Public Schools of the United States - 1815\nWashington College, which bears the name of the illustrious hero of the revolution, was established at Cannonsburg, fourteen miles S. W. of Pittsburg, in the western part of the state, in 1802, with a grant of land of several thousand acres. The new college edi. fice, when completed, will consist of three stories, 180 feet in front, the centre 40 by 60, and the wings 70 by 40.", "Report on the Public Schools of the United States - 1815\nPublic Schools.\u2014 The expence of public schools, in 1810, amounted to nearly 8000 dollars, for which the legislature has appropriated large tracts of land. The Moravian schools, at Bethlehem and Nazareth, for the education of both sexes, are considered as the best in the United States. There is another very useful establishment, but for females only, at Leditz in Lancaster county. Sunday-schools are now numerous ; and several have been lately established on the Lancasterian plan.", "Report on the Public Schools of the United States - 1815\nPhilosophical, Literary, and Economical Institutions. The American Philosophical Society, formed by the un. ion of certain literary societies, in 1769, was incorporated in 1780, by an act of the legislature. Five volumes of Transactions have appeared. The Philadelphia Medical Society was established in 1790. The College of Physicians, formed in 1787, was incorporated in", "Report on the Public Schools of the United States - 1815\n1789. The Medical Lyc\u00e6um was established in 1804. The Linnean Society in 1806. In the city of Philadelphia there are three extensive libraries: The Philadelphia, the Loganian, * and the Friend's library. The first is open to the public, and books may be taken out and read by the shareholders. It contains about 25,000 volumes, and is rich in rare editions of the classics. An Atheneum has been lately added to it, with a library and public room", "Report on the Public Schools of the United States - 1815\nThe Pennsylvania academy of the fine arts, founded in 1805, has been since incorporated by the legislature. Peales' museum, which commenced in 1784, now contains a very extensive collection of objects of natural history. In the year 1805, a society was established for the encouragement of domestic manufactures. The \u201c Philadelphia Society for Promoting Agriculture,\u201d formed in 1785, and incorporated in 1809, has published three volumes of Memoirs", "Report on the Public Schools of the United States - 1815\nAbout the same time, another society was established at Philadelphia, for improving the breed of cattle. The academy of natural sciences of Philadelphia, publish, from time to time, a Journal, the first number of which appeared in May 1817, consisting of 16 pages in 8vo.", "Report on the Public Schools of the United States - 1815\nIn the Alms-House, and House of Employment for the city and districts, the average number of persons, maintained, in 1810, was 735; riz. men, 287; women, 384; children, 114. The average weekly expence for each was 1 dollar 202 cents per week. At the commencement of the year, the number of persons was 619; persons admitted during the year, 189; number who died, 327; discharged, 1465; remaining at the end of the year, 718", "Report on the Public Schools of the United States - 1815\nThe profits, including labour of the different manufactures of wool, cotton, flax, shoes, iron, amounted to 3500 dollars. In the house of employment, the poor of the city, and some adjoining townships, are employed in the fabrication of coarse manufactures, under the care of the overseers and guardians of the poor, who, as a corporate body, have power to lay taxes for its support. Managers were incorporated in 1766. The building is spacious and convenient.", "Report on the Public Schools of the United States - 1815\n* So called from William Logan, who gave his library to this institution, amounting to about 1000 volunies.\nFriends' Alms-House is a society established by the Quakers, for the use of the infirm and indigent of their own community; there are separate rooms for families, or single unfortunate persons, where they are supplied with those necessaries which they cannot sufficiently procure by their own industry, and thus have a very comfortable support.", "Report on the Public Schools of the United States - 1815\nThe College of Physicians, incorporated in 1789, consists of fellows, or resident members and associates; and its object is to extend medical knowledge. The members, who meet monthly, have established a medical library, and publish Transactions.", "Report on the Public Schools of the United States - 1815\nThe Abolition Society, for promoting the abolition of slavery, and the relief of free negroes unlawfully held in bondage, was instituted in 1774, and has been very instrumental in effecting improvements in the laws relating to this subject; members pay ten shillings a-year. Dr Franklin was president of this society, several years before his death, and took great pleasure in discharging the duties of the office", "Report on the Public Schools of the United States - 1815\nIn 1770, a school was opened, by private subscription, for the instruction of negroes, and donations were afterwards made by the benevolent society of Quakers in England, by Anthony Beniset and other individuals.", "Report on the Public Schools of the United States - 1815\nThe Washington Benevolent Society of Pennsylvania, established in 1812, consists of nearly 3000 members, each of which pays, at his admission, two dollars, besides an annual sum not exceeding this amount. The funds are applied to charitable purposes. Besides the stated quarterly meetings, there is an anniversary meeting on the birth-day of Washington, exclusively devoted to the recollection and commemoration of his virtues and services", "Report on the Public Schools of the United States - 1815\nThe building erected by this association, called Washington Hall, is 73 feet in front, and 138 feet deep, with a saloon capable of containing 4000 persons, a dining room 117 by 30 feet.", "Report on the Public Schools of the United States - 1815\nThe Humane Society was instituted in the year 1780, for saving the lives of persons apparently drowned; and, in 1787, their care was extended to persons injured by sudden heat or cold, drinking cold water, damps, lightning, &c.", "Report on the Public Schools of the United States - 1815\nThe Asylum for the Relief of Persons deprived of the Use of their Reason was planned, in 1813, by an association of Quakers, who meet annually at Philadelphia, and choose, among themselves, twenty managers, a treasurer, and clerk. Members of the Society of Friends, who contribute 200 dollars, or pay 10 dollars per year, are authorized to recommend one poor patient, at one time, on the lowest terms of admission.\nA building was erected for the institution about five miles from Philadelphia.", "Report on the Public Schools of the United States - 1815\nThe Society for Alleviating the Miseries of Public Prisons was instituted in 1787, affording relief in money or provisions; applying to the magistrates for the enlargement of persons illegally confined; enforcing complaints made to the proper officers, concerning offences against law, in the management of the jail", "Report on the Public Schools of the United States - 1815\nTo the exertions of this society, the public are indebted for the abolition of the use of spirituous liquors; the separation of the sexes; the cleanliness of the apartments; and the employing of the prisoners in useful labour, allowing them the whole amount exceeding their maintenance, and many other improvements.", "Report on the Public Schools of the United States - 1815\nThe Pennsylvania Hospital, for relieving the poor, whether afflicted in body or in mind, was established in 1756. The building was afterwards erected chiefly by means of donations from the legislature, and legacies and contributions from private persons.\nThe charter prohibits the managers from spending any part of the capital stock. Patients are admitted on the", "Report on the Public Schools of the United States - 1815\nreceipt of the overseers of the poor; but none are received who are afflicted with infectious or incurable disorders. Persons maimed or injured by accident may be introduced immediately without an order, whether a citizen or stranger. This institution is under the management of twelve persons, chosen annually out of the contributors, who pay ten pounds each.", "Report on the Public Schools of the United States - 1815\nChrist Church Hospital is an institution for the support of aged women of the Protestant Episcopalian church, founded by an eminent physician of the city,"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://chestofbooks.com/reference/American-Cyclopaedia-11/Sir-Philip-Bowes-Vere-Broke.html

Sir Philip Bowes Vere Broke - The American Cyclopaedia

["Sir Philip Bowes Vere Broke - The American Cyclopaedia\nFree Books / Reference / The American Cyclopaedia /\nSir Philip Bowes Vere Broke\nThis section is from \"The American Cyclopaedia\", by George Ripley And Charles A. Dana. Also available from Amazon: The New American Cyclop\u00e6dia. 16 volumes complete..", "Sir Philip Bowes Vere Broke - The American Cyclopaedia\nSir Philip Bowes Vere Broke, a British admiral, born Sept. 9, 1776, died in Suffolk in 1841. He was educated at the royal academy in Portsmouth, entered the navy in 1792, served in the wars between France and Eng-gland, and was in command of the Shannon, protecting the whale fishery in the Greenland seas, when in 1812 war was declared between the United States and Great Britain", "Sir Philip Bowes Vere Broke - The American Cyclopaedia\nDespatched with a squadron to blockade the American ports, he appeared with the Shannon off the harbor of Boston, immediately after Capt. Lawrence had been promoted to the command of the Chesapeake. He sent a letter to Lawrence, challenging him to an engagement. The latter, however, deeming his appearance a challenge, had ordered the Chesapeake to lift her anchors before the letter reached its destination", "Sir Philip Bowes Vere Broke - The American Cyclopaedia\nThe Chesapeake was badly manned, equipped, and officered, the crew being to a large extent foreign mercenaries murmuring about their prize money, the ship being one of the worst in the navy, the first lieutenant being sick on shore, and the posts of two others being filled by midshipmen. The action began June 1, 1813, at 5 h. 45 m. P. M., in sight of the shore lined with spectators; and within 15 minutes Lawrence was mortally wounded and his ship in the possession of the enemy."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.tiepie.com/en/fut/single-ended-input

Single Ended Input: Oscilloscope Inputs Explained

["Single Ended Input: Oscilloscope Inputs Explained\nSingle ended input\nSingle ended oscilloscope inputs\nMost oscilloscopes are equipped with standard, single ended inputs, which are referenced to ground. This means that one side of the input is always connected to ground and the other side to the point of interest in the circuit under test.\nTherefore the voltage that is measured with an oscilloscope with standard, single ended inputs is always measured between that specific point and ground.", "Single Ended Input: Oscilloscope Inputs Explained\nWhat if the voltage you're interested in is not referenced to ground? Connecting a standard single ended oscilloscope input to the two points would create a short circuit between one of the points and ground, possibly damaging the circuit and the oscilloscope.", "Single Ended Input: Oscilloscope Inputs Explained\nA safe way would be to measure the voltage at one of the two points, in reference to ground and at the other point, in reference to ground and then calculate the voltage difference between the two points. On most oscilloscopes this can be done by connecting one of the channels to one point and another channel to the other point and then use the math function Ch1 - Ch2 in the oscilloscope to display the actual voltage difference.\nThere are some disadvantages to this method:", "Single Ended Input: Oscilloscope Inputs Explained\nto measure one signal, two channels are occupied.\nby using two channels, the measurement error is increased, the errors made on each channel will be combined, resulting in a larger total measurement error.\nThe Common Mode Rejection Ratio of this method is relatively low. If both points have a relative high voltage, but the voltage difference between the two points is small, the voltage difference can only be measured in a high input range, resulting in a low resolution."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.foxnews.com/sports/boltons-muamba-announces-retirement

Bolton's Muamba announces retirement

["Bolton's Muamba announces retirement\nBolton's Muamba announces retirement\nBolton, England \u2013 Bolton midfielder Fabrice Muamba officially announced his retirement on Wednesday after he collapsed on the field during an FA Cup quarterfinal on March 17.\nThe 24-year-old suffered a heart attack on the field in the first half of the match against Tottenham in March, and he was treated on the field for six minutes before being rushed to the hospital.", "Bolton's Muamba announces retirement\nMuamba said that he was hopeful of making a comeback, but has decided to retire after receiving medical advice.\n\"Since suffering my heart attack and being discharged from the hospital, I have remained utterly positive in the belief I could one day resume my playing career and play for Bolton Wanderers once again,\" Muamba said in a statement.", "Bolton's Muamba announces retirement\n\"As part of my on-going recovery, last week I traveled to Belgium to seek further medical advice from a leading cardiologist. But the news I received was obviously not what I had hoped it would be and it means I am now announcing my retirement from professional football.\"\nAfter starting his career in Arsenal's youth system, Muamba spent three seasons at Birmingham before joining Bolton in 2008. He went to make 130 appearances for Wanderers, scoring three goals."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://books.google.lu/books?id=t-MCAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA339&vq=%22of+three+years+old,+and+a+ram+of+three+years+old,+and+a%22&dq=editions:HARVARD32044005008990&lr=&hl=de&output=html_text

Joseph and Benjamin: letters on the controversy between Jews and Christians, with reference to the covenant of redemption, the typology of sacrifices, and the prophecies concerning the sufferings of the Messiah.

["Joseph and Benjamin: letters on the controversy between Jews and Christians, with reference to the covenant of redemption, the typology of sacrifices, and the prophecies concerning the sufferings of the Messiah.\nthe mere statement of which seems sufficient to ensure its rejection. But the adoption of this hypothesis by any who admit the Divine authority of the New Testament, as well as the Old, is still more extraordinary. The New Testament represents the law as preparatory to the Gospel, and the rites of Judaism as typical of Christianity. Hence it will follow, that if the law of Moses was a compliance with hea.; then notions and customs, the Gospel of Jesus Christ must be the same.", "Joseph and Benjamin: letters on the controversy between Jews and Christians, with reference to the covenant of redemption, the typology of sacrifices, and the prophecies concerning the sufferings of the Messiah.\nBut that the system of the Gospel, in which Jehovah is declared to have \" abounded in all wisdom and prudence,\u201d which is described as an object of eternal decrees, and the consummation of preceding economies, which is represented as exciting the curiosity of angelic minds and affording them new discoveries of \u201cthe manifold wisdom of God;\"\u2014that this system was framed in compliance with the notions of erring heathens, who had \u201cchanged the truth of God into a lie, and worshipped and served the creature more than the Creator,\"'", "Joseph and Benjamin: letters on the controversy between Jews and Christians, with reference to the covenant of redemption, the typology of sacrifices, and the prophecies concerning the sufferings of the Messiah.\nExcuse, my dear Benjamin, the length of this letter: read it over with meditation and prayer, and the God of our fathers give you an understanding mind and believing heart. Amen\nFarewell.\nLetter XIII.\nTHE VICARIOUS SUFFERINGS AND DEATH OF THE MES\nSIAH PREDICTED AS WELL AS TYPIFIED.\nDear Brothet,\n8 1. In describing the eternal covenant between the Father and the Son, it was shown that the Messiah voluntarily en", "Joseph and Benjamin: letters on the controversy between Jews and Christians, with reference to the covenant of redemption, the typology of sacrifices, and the prophecies concerning the sufferings of the Messiah.\ngaged to suffer and die in the place of his people. It has also been shown that this engagement was made known to our first parents in paradise, in the promise of a Messiah, and illustrated by the institution of sacrifices, and more fully typified under the Levitical priesthood. I will now endeavor to prove that it was also predicted by the prophets, not only. ihat the Messiah was to suffer before he entered into his glory, but that his sufferings and death were to be of a dicarious nature", "Joseph and Benjamin: letters on the controversy between Jews and Christians, with reference to the covenant of redemption, the typology of sacrifices, and the prophecies concerning the sufferings of the Messiah.\nThe sufferings and death of the Messiah predicted in Dan. ch. 9th, have already been noticed, and will again be referred to hereafter. I shall confine myself more particularly to the predictions of David and Isaiah.", "Joseph and Benjamin: letters on the controversy between Jews and Christians, with reference to the covenant of redemption, the typology of sacrifices, and the prophecies concerning the sufferings of the Messiah.\n\u00a7 2. It is very evident that the 22d Psalm speaks of the Messiah. It is plain from the whole of the Psalm, that one single individual person is spoken of; this person is distinguished from those called brethren, congregation of Israel, and those that feared the Lord. v. 22, 23. Hence the person suffering could not be the congregation of Israel, as Kimchi would have it. And though David met with much opposition, yet there are several circumstances mentioned which are by no means applicable to him. See ver", "Joseph and Benjamin: letters on the controversy between Jews and Christians, with reference to the covenant of redemption, the typology of sacrifices, and the prophecies concerning the sufferings of the Messiah.\nside, the happiness which was to flow from his sufferings, and the conversion of the Gentiles, which was to follow, show that the sufferer was none but the Messiah,\u201c in whom all the nations of the earth were to be blessed.\" The title of this Psalm, whether it signifies \u201cthe hind of the morning\" or the morning star,\" or as the Targum, \u201cthe daily morning sacrifice,\" points out the Messiah, and has all been fulfilled, (as we shall show, God willing,) in Jesus of Nazareth, who from his birth, like a hind, was persecuted, is called the morning star, and is the antitype and fulfillment of all the sacrifices.", "Joseph and Benjamin: letters on the controversy between Jews and Christians, with reference to the covenant of redemption, the typology of sacrifices, and the prophecies concerning the sufferings of the Messiah.\nSeveral parts of this Psalm have been applied to the Messiah by our Rabbins. See Medrish Thillim in loco, and Yar chi in ver. 26.\nHere we have a brief description of the outward sufferings of the Messiah, but we shall now consider the nature, design, and effects thereof, as foretold by the prophet Isaiah in 53d chapter.", "Joseph and Benjamin: letters on the controversy between Jews and Christians, with reference to the covenant of redemption, the typology of sacrifices, and the prophecies concerning the sufferings of the Messiah.\n$ 3. The prophecies of Isaiah contain the clearest reve. lations of the Messiah, and are written in the loftiest style of any part of the Old Testament; but this chapter is an emi. nent instance of both. It contains an exact description both of his sufferings and his glories, represented in bright and lively colors, and in a phrase exceeding lofty and sublime", "Joseph and Benjamin: letters on the controversy between Jews and Christians, with reference to the covenant of redemption, the typology of sacrifices, and the prophecies concerning the sufferings of the Messiah.\nThe veil of the temple seemed to have been drawn aside, though not yet rent asunder, and the light of the Gospel shone forth with a brighter glory than ever it had appeared before. This chapter ought to commence with the last three verses of the preceding one, \u201cBehold my servant.\u201d Thus Abarbanel begins it, and hath divided the whole into three parts; the first comprises the last three verses of chap. 52, the second part from verse 1-9, and the third part contains the last three verses,", "Joseph and Benjamin: letters on the controversy between Jews and Christians, with reference to the covenant of redemption, the typology of sacrifices, and the prophecies concerning the sufferings of the Messiah.\n4. That the prophet does not speak of himself, is allowed on all hands; and that he spake of the Messiah, will appear from the following considerations.\n1. From the beginning to the end of this prophecy, there is but one and the same person spoken of.\n2. He is characterized as the righteous servant of Jeho, vah; as a most innocent, blameless, and holy person, who deserved no punishment on his own account. ch. 52 : 13; ch. 53: 11.9.", "Joseph and Benjamin: letters on the controversy between Jews and Christians, with reference to the covenant of redemption, the typology of sacrifices, and the prophecies concerning the sufferings of the Messiah.\n3. His condition, from his birth to his death, is described as lower than any of the sons of men. Thus he is represented as a man of sorrows, acquainted with grief; as wounded and bruised to death; as judicially condemned and cut off out of the land of the living, pouring out his soul unto death, and put in his grave.", "Joseph and Benjamin: letters on the controversy between Jews and Christians, with reference to the covenant of redemption, the typology of sacrifices, and the prophecies concerning the sufferings of the Messiah.\n4. His sufferings and death are ascribed to the purpose and immediate hand of God. \u201cJehovah hath laid on him the iniquity of us all.\u201d ver. 6. \u201c It pleased Jehovah to bruise him; He hath put him to grief.\u201d ver. 10.", "Joseph and Benjamin: letters on the controversy between Jews and Christians, with reference to the covenant of redemption, the typology of sacrifices, and the prophecies concerning the sufferings of the Messiah.\n5. The design of God in thus dealing with the person, was to inflict upon him the punishment due to our sins, that thereby he might accomplish the work of redemption. This is such an important article, that the prophet mentions it repeatedly in a variety of expressions. Verse 4, \u201cSurely he hath born our griefs and carried our sorrows; yet we did esteem him stricken, smitten of God, and afflicted ;\"' ver. 5", "Joseph and Benjamin: letters on the controversy between Jews and Christians, with reference to the covenant of redemption, the typology of sacrifices, and the prophecies concerning the sufferings of the Messiah.\nBut he was wounded for our transgressions, he was bruised for our iniquities, the chastisement of our peace was upon him : and with his stripes we are healed.\u201d Again, verse 6, \u2022 The Lord hath laid on him the iniquity of us all.\u201d Again, verse 8, \u201cFor the transgression of my people was he stricken.\" Again, verse 10, \u201cWhen thou shalt make his soul an offering for sin.\u201d Again, verse 11, \u201c He shall bear their iniquities.\" Again, verse 12, \" He bare the sin of many.\"", "Joseph and Benjamin: letters on the controversy between Jews and Christians, with reference to the covenant of redemption, the typology of sacrifices, and the prophecies concerning the sufferings of the Messiah.\n6. This sufferer is described as voluntarily putting him. self in the place of the guilty, to suffer in their stead; and when actually engaged in the work, he endured his sufferings with unparalleled patience. For though he was oppressed and afflicted, yet he opened not his mouth.\u201d ver. 7.", "Joseph and Benjamin: letters on the controversy between Jews and Christians, with reference to the covenant of redemption, the typology of sacrifices, and the prophecies concerning the sufferings of the Messiah.\n7. That because of his humble, mean, and suffering condition, many would conclude that he was a deceiver, and therefore reject him, but would afterwards acknowledge their error. \u201cWho has believed our report ? and to whom is the arm of the Lord revealed", "Joseph and Benjamin: letters on the controversy between Jews and Christians, with reference to the covenant of redemption, the typology of sacrifices, and the prophecies concerning the sufferings of the Messiah.\n? For he shall grow up before him as a tender plant, and as a root out of a dry ground; he has no form nor comeliness; and when we shall see him, there is no beauty that we should desire him. He is despised and rejected of men; a man of sorrows, and acquainted with grief; and we hid as it were our faces from him; he was despised, and we esteemed him not. Surely he has born our griefs and carried our sorrows; yet we did esteem him stricken, smitten of God, and afflicted.\u201d ver. 1-4", "Joseph and Benjamin: letters on the controversy between Jews and Christians, with reference to the covenant of redemption, the typology of sacrifices, and the prophecies concerning the sufferings of the Messiah.\nYet after this person \"was cut off out of the land of the living, and his grave made with the wicked,\u201d ver. 8, 9, he shall live again, \"and shall be exalted and extolled, and be very high,\"", "Joseph and Benjamin: letters on the controversy between Jews and Christians, with reference to the covenant of redemption, the typology of sacrifices, and the prophecies concerning the sufferings of the Messiah.\nch. 52: 13; \"shall sprinkle many nations; the kings shall shut their mouth at him,\u201d ver. 15; \"he shall see his seed, he shall prolong his days, and the pleasure of the Lord shall prosper in his hands, and he shall justify many.\u201d ch. 53 : 10, 11. g 5. From the whole it", "Joseph and Benjamin: letters on the controversy between Jews and Christians, with reference to the covenant of redemption, the typology of sacrifices, and the prophecies concerning the sufferings of the Messiah.\nappears that some eminent person is here described, under the title of the servant of the Lord, who should go through much undeserved shame and suffering, even unto death, for the sake and benefit of other people, who should endure all indignities with the greatest meekness and patience, even offering up himself, of his own accord; and at last should be highly honored and exalted, in reward of his obedience, and see the success of all his sufferings in the justification of those whose iniquities he had borne, and in their admission to divide the spoil of his enemies, and enjoy a state of glory and happiness with him", "Joseph and Benjamin: letters on the controversy between Jews and Christians, with reference to the covenant of redemption, the typology of sacrifices, and the prophecies concerning the sufferings of the Messiah.\nstrain or violence put upon the words, without any breach or violation of that unity which the whole contexture of the passage requires ?", "Joseph and Benjamin: letters on the controversy between Jews and Christians, with reference to the covenant of redemption, the typology of sacrifices, and the prophecies concerning the sufferings of the Messiah.\n$ 6. Surely it is not applicable to King Josiah, notwithstanding his piety. The expedition in which he fell at Megiddo, was no advantage to his character. It was rashly undertaken, not only without just provocation, but against the express warning and command of God", "Joseph and Benjamin: letters on the controversy between Jews and Christians, with reference to the covenant of redemption, the typology of sacrifices, and the prophecies concerning the sufferings of the Messiah.\nHis death therefore was manifestly the punishment of his own sin and temerity ; much less had it the virtue of an expiation or atonement; it averted not the divine vengeance from our people, but left them exposed to the ravages of the Chaldeans, who, a few years after, led them captive into Babylon.", "Joseph and Benjamin: letters on the controversy between Jews and Christians, with reference to the covenant of redemption, the typology of sacrifices, and the prophecies concerning the sufferings of the Messiah.\n\u00a7 7. No more is it applicable to Jeremiah the prophet. He was indeed remarkable for piety, zeal and faithfulness, and on that account was much hated and persecuted; stil! he is very far from answering the character of this prediction. He relates of himself, that he bore his sufferings very"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.freebyte.com/humor/badday/

A Bad Day - FreeByte - Funny Software, Computer Humor, Tech Humor, Programming Jokes, and More!

["A Bad Day - FreeByte - Funny Software, Computer Humor, Tech Humor, Programming Jokes, and More!\nSo you think you're having a bad day. The following is taken from a Florida newspaper:\nA man was working on his motorcycle on his patio and his wife was in the house in the kitchen. The man was racing the engine on the motorcycle and somehow, the motorcycle slipped into gear. The man, still holding the handlebars, was dragged through a glass patio door and the motorcycle dumped onto the floor inside the house.", "A Bad Day - FreeByte - Funny Software, Computer Humor, Tech Humor, Programming Jokes, and More!\nThe wife, hearing the crash, ran into the dining room, and found her husband laying on the floor, cut and bleeding, the motorcycle laying next to him and the patio door shattered. The wife ran to the phone and summoned an ambulance.", "A Bad Day - FreeByte - Funny Software, Computer Humor, Tech Humor, Programming Jokes, and More!\nBecause they lived on a fairly large hill, the wife went down the several flights of long steps to the street to direct the paramedics to her husband. After the ambulance arrived and transported the husband to the hospital, the wife uprighted the motorcycle and pushed it outside. Seeing that gas had spilled on the floor, the wife obtained some papers towels, blotted up the gasoline, and threw the towels in the toilet.", "A Bad Day - FreeByte - Funny Software, Computer Humor, Tech Humor, Programming Jokes, and More!\nThe husband was treated at the hospital and was released to come home. After arriving home, he looked at the shattered patio door and the damage done to his motorcycle. He became despondent, went into the bathroom, sat on the toilet and smoked a cigarette. After finishing the cigarette, he flipped it between his legs into the toilet bowl while still seated.", "A Bad Day - FreeByte - Funny Software, Computer Humor, Tech Humor, Programming Jokes, and More!\nThe wife, who was in the kitchen, heard a loud explosion and her husband screaming. She ran into the bathroom and found her husband laying on the floor. His trousers had been blown away and he was suffering burns on the buttocks, the back of his legs and his groin. The wife again ran to the phone and called for an ambulance.", "A Bad Day - FreeByte - Funny Software, Computer Humor, Tech Humor, Programming Jokes, and More!\nThe same ambulance crew was dispatched and the wife met them at the street. The paramedics loaded the husband on the stretcher and began carrying him to the street. While they were going down the stairs to the street accompanied by the wife, one of the paramedics asked the wife how the husband had burned himself. She told them and the paramedics started laughing so hard, one of them tipped the stretcher and dumped the husband out. He fell down the remaining steps and broke his ankle"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.peacefromharmony.org/?cat=en_c&key=96

Tarek Heggy: The Values of Progress and Islam in the Information Age

["Tarek Heggy: The Values of Progress and Islam in the Information Age\nTarek Heggy: The Values of Progress and Islam in the Information Age\nTarek Heggy\nThe Intelligent American\u2019s Guide to Islamism.\n(The Washington Times: June 3rd, 2005 )", "Tarek Heggy: The Values of Progress and Islam in the Information Age\nThe current winds of change in the Middle East is a welcome whiff of fresh air in the region, but the hasty promotion of democracy, could plunge the region deeper into the \u201ddark side\u201d, bringing the Moslem Brotherhood to power in Egypt, Syria, Jordan, and elsewhere. While some in Washington are ready to take o\u00adn this risk, many (of us) liberals in the region, worry about the dangerous unintended consequences.", "Tarek Heggy: The Values of Progress and Islam in the Information Age\nThe Muslim Brotherhood (MB\u2019s) (established in Egypt in 1928), is the best organized political force in many Arab countries. It is a radical transnational organization which aims to take over the Islamic world in order to establish a Caliphate, is the best organized political force in many Arab countries. . Such a Caliphate, a religious militarized state will be the base to wage war against the infidel West.", "Tarek Heggy: The Values of Progress and Islam in the Information Age\nAnd for our own societies, in the Middle East and Arab world, rule by the MB\u2019s would undoubtedly result in: less freedom, increased state-ownership, segregated class-rooms, as well as the fact that a non-Muslim could never become president. It could also very well result in the reimplementation of punishments such as stoning, lashing, and cutting off the hands of thieves.", "Tarek Heggy: The Values of Progress and Islam in the Information Age\nI have tried in this article to summarize the political thinking of the MB\u2019s in thirteen points, in the hope that it will help shed some light o\u00adn an issue many people in the world today need to understand.", "Tarek Heggy: The Values of Progress and Islam in the Information Age\nUnlike Western democracies, which guarantee the political participation of every citizen regardless of ideology, opinion or religion, the MB\u2019s makes the political participation of individuals in society subject to the principles of Islamic Shari'a. And while the legislative branch of government monitors the actions of the State to ensure that they conform to the rules of democracy, the actions of the State are monitored by the MB\u2019s to ensure that they conform to the rules of Islamic Shari'a.", "Tarek Heggy: The Values of Progress and Islam in the Information Age\nThe MB\u2019s guarantee freedom of belief o\u00adnly for the followers of the three revealed [Abrahmic] religions. The MB\u2019s position o\u00adn the question of religious minorities can be summed up in the insistence that a non-Muslim can never become president and that non-Muslims will be subject to the principles of Shari'a o\u00adn which the entire legal system will be based.", "Tarek Heggy: The Values of Progress and Islam in the Information Age\nWhile Western democracies guarantee the absolute freedom of the individual as long as it does not impinge o\u00adn the freedom of others, the MB\u2019s set freedom of thought within the strict parameters of a moral code derived from the Shari'a. They call for the restoration of hisbah, which allows a private citizen to prosecute any individual who commits an act he considers a breach of the Shari'a even if the plaintiff himself has not been personally injured by such act", "Tarek Heggy: The Values of Progress and Islam in the Information Age\nThe right of hisbah was recently exercised by a private citizen in Egypt against respected intellectual Nasr Hamed Abu Zeid, whose writings he considered as running counter to the teachings of Islam. The court found for the plaintiff, ruling Abu Zeid an apostate and ordering him to divorce his wife.", "Tarek Heggy: The Values of Progress and Islam in the Information Age\nIn Western democracies, women enjoy the same political rights as men: they can hold public office and participate in political life without any restrictions based o\u00adn gender. But as far as the MB\u2019s are concerned, women's political participation would be limited to municipal elections; there is no question, for example, of a woman ever becoming head of state", "Tarek Heggy: The Values of Progress and Islam in the Information Age\nTo further marginalize women and exclude them from any meaningful role in public life, the MB\u2019s call for educational curricula to include material that is appropriate for women, tailored to suit their nature and role and insist o\u00adn a complete segregation of the sexes in the classrooms, in public transportation and in the workplace.", "Tarek Heggy: The Values of Progress and Islam in the Information Age\nThe MB\u2019s call for the establishment of an economic system based o\u00adn the respect of private property. At the same time, however, they insist that it be based o\u00adn the principles of Islamic Shari'a, which criminalizes bank interest. They also call for state ownership of public utilities.", "Tarek Heggy: The Values of Progress and Islam in the Information Age\nContrary to the system of government applied in a democracy, which is based o\u00adn the peaceful rotation of power through elections, the MB\u2019s call for a system of government based o\u00adn the principles of Shari'a and the revival of the Islamic Caliphate.", "Tarek Heggy: The Values of Progress and Islam in the Information Age\nThe freedom of association enjoyed by civil society organizations in a democracy would, in an Islamist system, be conditional o\u00adn their adherence to the strictures of Shari'a. The MB\u2019s oppose the notion of a state based o\u00adn democratic institutions, calling instead for an Islamic government based o\u00adn the Shura [consultative assembly] system, veneration of the leader and the investiture of a Supreme Guide", "Tarek Heggy: The Values of Progress and Islam in the Information Age\nIn this they are close to the model established by Khomeini in Iran , which enables diehard conservatives (a group to which the Supreme Guide certainly belongs) to nip any process of reform or renewal in the bud.", "Tarek Heggy: The Values of Progress and Islam in the Information Age\nOver the last fifty-seven years, the MB\u2019s have opposed all attempts to reach a peaceful resolution of the conflict. The MB\u2019s will never recognize the existence of Israel as legitimate.The MB\u2019s call for the establishment of a constitutional and legal system based o\u00adn the principles of Shari'a, including the application of corporal punishments in the penal code [stoning, lashing, cutting off the hands of thieves, etc.]", "Tarek Heggy: The Values of Progress and Islam in the Information Age\nThe MB\u2019s have never condemned the use of violence against civilians except when it is directed against Muslim civilians. Finally, progress in the modern world is realized by two tools, science and modern management. These are two disciplines that the Brotherhood has not thea foggiest idea about. Instead, it promulgates a retrograde ideology, which can be deadly for sustainable economic development, growth in investment, and equality.", "Tarek Heggy: The Values of Progress and Islam in the Information Age\nFor liberals in the Middle East like myself, promoting democracy in the Middle East is imperative. It is something that will benefit humanity. And undoubtedly, if the right steps are taken, democracy has every chance to flourish in Middle Eastern societies", "Tarek Heggy: The Values of Progress and Islam in the Information Age\nHowever, a hasty transformation, is likely to be disastrous for the forces of progress in Egypt and equally in the Middle East, and fits well with the words of the historian Daniel Boorstin, who warned that planning for the future without a sense of history is like planting cut flowers to humanity. If the right steps are taken, Middle East people (as Professor Bernard Lewis repeatedly expounded) are capable of enabling democracy to flourish in the Middle East societies", "Tarek Heggy: The Values of Progress and Islam in the Information Age\nI have written many books and articles over the last ten years about the defects in the Arab mind-set, all of which are cultural defects stemming from three main sources. The first is the repressive climate that prevails throughout Arab societies, the second a backward educational system that lags far behind modern educational systems and the third a mass-media apparatus operated by those responsible for the climate of political repression to serve their interests", "Tarek Heggy: The Values of Progress and Islam in the Information Age\nA lack of intellectual hospitality;\nIt is steeped in a culture that encourages conformity and discourages diversity;\nLimited tolerance for the Other;\nLimited tolerance for criticism and the virtual absence of self-criticism;\nThe adoption of stands not o\u00adn the basis of their coherence, validity or intrinsic value but o\u00adn the basis of tribal or religious affiliations;", "Tarek Heggy: The Values of Progress and Islam in the Information Age\nDeep feelings of inequality with others in terms of results and achievements makes for a sense of inadequacy that is sublimated into an exaggerated and unfounded pride;\nA tendency to indulge in excessive self-praise and to glorify past achievements as a way of escaping our dismal reality;\nThe prevalence of what I call the 'big-talk culture', in which overblown rhetoric is used to compensate for the appalling lack of concrete achievements;\nA lack of objectivity and the growth of individualism;", "Tarek Heggy: The Values of Progress and Islam in the Information Age\nAn unhealthy nostalgia for and escape into the past;\nAn aversion to the notion of compromise, which is deemed to be a form of capitulation and defeat;\nLack of respect for women;\nA tendency to unquestioningly accept stereotypes at face value;\nSetting great store by the conspiracy theory and believing that the Arabs are always the victims of heinous plots hatched against them by their enemies;\nAn ill-defined sense of national identity: is it Arab, Muslim, Asian, African or Mediterranean ?", "Tarek Heggy: The Values of Progress and Islam in the Information Age\nThe spread of the personality cult phenomenon in Arab societies, where the relationship with the ruler is based not o\u00adn mutual respect and accountability but o\u00adn the excessive adulation, not to say deification, of the ruler;\nThe prevalence of an insular culture that knows next to nothing about the outside world and the real balance of power by which it is governed, let alone the science or culture of others;", "Tarek Heggy: The Values of Progress and Islam in the Information Age\nA lack of appreciation for the value of the bond that links the human species together, which is their common humanity. For most people in the region, the o\u00adnly bonds that count are either tribal, sectarian or nationalistic, although humanity is the most exalted common denominator of all;\nThe spread of a mentality of fanaticism due to a number of factors, the most important being the tribalism that dominates the Arab mind-set to varying degrees;", "Tarek Heggy: The Values of Progress and Islam in the Information Age\nFinally, the Arab mind-set is not overly concerned with the notion of freedom for the simple reason that the Arabs have enjoyed o\u00adnly limited doses of political rights and civil liberties.", "Tarek Heggy: The Values of Progress and Islam in the Information Age\nThe twenty defects listed above are by no means exhaustive; I have no doubt that any Middle East expert can come up with many more. However, all these defects are acquired, which means they are amenable to reform. Moreover, they can all be found, albeit to different degrees, in other societies. As I mentioned, they stem from the prevailing climate of political despotism and outdated educational and information systems designed and operated to serve the", "Tarek Heggy: The Values of Progress and Islam in the Information Age\nThese defects will continue to grow unless radical changes are introduced to all three areas. The political system must be overhauled with a view to providing a wider margin of freedom and allowing people a greater say in determining the shape of their present and future. The educational systems in force must be reorganized from the ground up, their philosophy, curricula and methods brought into line with the requirements of the age", "Tarek Heggy: The Values of Progress and Islam in the Information Age\nLast but not least, the media must be removed from under the thumb of government and allowed to function in complete political and economic freedom as a credible forum for the dissemination of culture, ideas and information.", "Tarek Heggy: The Values of Progress and Islam in the Information Age\nTarek Heggy is an Egyptian Writer and Oil Expert.\nThis article is a Summary of his many books o\u00adn: \"The Arab Mind.\"\nIn more details to look: www.t-heggy-site-contents.org\nFrom the IFLAC DIGEST 01.04.05\nTolerant and Intolerant Islam\n(Or \u201cPeaceful Islam\u201d versus \u201cMilitant Islam\u201d)", "Tarek Heggy: The Values of Progress and Islam in the Information Age\nAs early as the first century of the Muslim calendar, Islam has known radical sects who demanded blind adherence to their rigid reading of the articles of faith, side by side with mainstream Islam, whose adherents eschew violence and extremism and do not profess to hold a monopoly o\u00adn Truth", "Tarek Heggy: The Values of Progress and Islam in the Information Age\nThe phenomenon began with the emergence of the Khawarij (Seceders) in 660 AD, (the middle of the first Hejira century), a sect which preached a dogmatic interpretation of Scripture and practiced a version of excommunication by branding those who did not adopt its teachings as heretics", "Tarek Heggy: The Values of Progress and Islam in the Information Age\nThis was the first such sect but by no means the last, and throughout the history of Islam the quiet of religious life was broken many times by marginal groups who tried to impose their extremist views o\u00adn the majority by violent means", "Tarek Heggy: The Values of Progress and Islam in the Information Age\nA comprehensive history of these groups has been compiled by my friend, Professor Mahmoud Ismail Abdul Razzaak, in an authoritative reference work entitled \u201cThe Secret Sects of Islam.\u201d The author devotes special attention to the Qarmatians, who carried away the Black Stone of the Ka\u2019bah and kept it in a remote area in the east of the Arabian Peninsula for over a century.", "Tarek Heggy: The Values of Progress and Islam in the Information Age\nAlongside the groups and sects whose members insisted o\u00adn a literal interpretation of holy texts and laid down strict rules governing all aspects of life, there was the general trend represented in the main Sunni schools (the most important being the Hanafi, Maliki, Shafite and Hanbalite, and their offshoots, Al-Laith and Al-Tebarry), as well as the Shiites, who are split into a number of sects. The most important Shiite sect is the Imammeya, or Ithna\u2019ashariyya, (i.e", "Tarek Heggy: The Values of Progress and Islam in the Information Age\nTwelvers), so called because they accept as imams twelve of the descendants of Ali ibn-Abu Talib (according to their belief, the twelfth imam, who disappeared about 874 AD, is still living and will return)", "Tarek Heggy: The Values of Progress and Islam in the Information Age\nWithin this general trend there emerged prominent proponents of deductive reasoning, like the great jurist Abu Hanifa, who accepted just over o\u00adne hundred of the Prophet\u2019s Hadiths as apostolic precept, as well as uncompromising champions of tradition, like Ahmed ibn-Hanbal, whose book, Al-Musnad, is a compilation of over ten thousand Hadiths", "Tarek Heggy: The Values of Progress and Islam in the Information Age\nThe conservative ibn-Hanbal served as the bulwark of orthodoxy and tradition against any intellectual endeavour, and for a time exerted a considerable hold o\u00adn public imagination. Although his influence eventually waned, in its heyday tradition reigned supreme and very little room was left for reason", "Tarek Heggy: The Values of Progress and Islam in the Information Age\nThe two main disciples of ibn-Hanbal were ibn-Taymiyah and ibn-Qaiym Al-Juzeya, who, like their mentor, allowed no scope for reason or independent thinking, but insisted o\u00adn a dogmatic adherence to the Hadiths as authoritative sources of all matters spiritual and temporal, laying down strict guidelines to govern every aspect of everyday life", "Tarek Heggy: The Values of Progress and Islam in the Information Age\nIn addition, the world of Islam was the scene of a battle of ideas between Abu Hamid Al-Ghazzali (Algazel), a strict traditionalist who did not believe the human mind capable of grasping the Truth as ordained by God, and Ibn Rushd (Averoess), who championed the primacy of reason. The exponents of these two schools waged a bitter battle in which the first salvo was fired by Al-Ghazzali with his book, The Incoherence of the Philosophers", "Tarek Heggy: The Values of Progress and Islam in the Information Age\nIbn Rushd answered with his brilliant treatise in defense of rationality, The Incoherence of the Incoherence. But despite his spirited defense, the outcome of the battle was clearly in Al-Ghazzali\u2019s favour, and the great majority of Islamic jurists adopted his ideas, interpreting the precepts of Islamic law by appeal to the authority of tradition and spurning deductive reasoning altogether", "Tarek Heggy: The Values of Progress and Islam in the Information Age\nIslamic jurisprudence was dominated by the Mutakallimun, or dialectical theologians, who asserted the primacy of tradition (naql), as advocated by Al-Ghazzali, over that of reason (\u2018aql), as advocated by Ibn Rushd. But though Ibn Rushd\u2019s ideas were rejected by the Muslim world, they took root strongly in Europe, particularly France, which embraced his vision of the primacy of reason wholeheartedly.", "Tarek Heggy: The Values of Progress and Islam in the Information Age\nThus Muslims can be said to have known two different understandings to Islam, as it were, o\u00adne based o\u00adn a rigid, doctrinaire interpretation of holy texts and the violent repression of free thought, the other o\u00adn a moderate and tolerant understanding of Scripture which allowed for the acceptance of the Other. The first was espoused by the secret sects (limited in number and influence) which emerged in remote areas of the Arabian Peninsula and can best be described as the Bedouin model", "Tarek Heggy: The Values of Progress and Islam in the Information Age\nThe second took hold in the more intellectually vibrant climate that prevailed among the peoples descended from ancient civilizations in places like Egypt, Iraq, Turkey and the Levant, which I call the Egyptian/Turkish/Syrian model of Islam.", "Tarek Heggy: The Values of Progress and Islam in the Information Age\nUntil the mid-eighteenth century, this was the model adopted by most Muslim communities outside the deserts of the Arabian Peninsula. But that was before the rise of Wahhabism, a puritan revival movement launched by Mohamed ibn-Abdul Wahab from Najd, where he was born in 1703. In 1744, he forged an alliance with the ruler of Al-Dir\u2019iyah, a tribal chieftain by the name of Mohamed ibn-Saud, who became his son-in-law", "Tarek Heggy: The Values of Progress and Islam in the Information Age\nThe alliance led to the first incarnation of the Saudi state, which, by 1804, had expanded to control nearly o\u00adne million square metres of the Arabian Peninsula. It was a short-lived incarnation, lasting o\u00adnly until 1819, when Mohamed Ali\u2019s son, Ibrahim Pasha, led a military expedition which destroyed Wahhabi power and razed the capital of the first Saudi state, Al-Dir\u2019iyah, to the ground.", "Tarek Heggy: The Values of Progress and Islam in the Information Age\nMohamed Ali\u2019s decision to send first his son Tousson then his son Ibrahim Pasha, known for his military skills, to destroy the first Saudi state had implications going far beyond the political or military ambitions of o\u00adne man. It was in fact an expression of a cultural/civilizational confrontation between the two models of Islam, a confrontation the enlightened Egyptian/Turkish/Syrian model decided to take to the heartland of the obscurantist, extremist and fanatical Wahhabi model", "Tarek Heggy: The Values of Progress and Islam in the Information Age\nMohamed Ali, who was extremely impressed by the European model of development and saw no contradiction between the mechanisms by which it had come about and his Islamic beliefs, believed the Wahhabi understanding of Islam stood as a major obstacle in the way of the dream he had nurtured since coming to power in 1805 (and until he abdicated in favour of his son Ibrahim in 1848) to place Egypt o\u00adn a similar road to development.", "Tarek Heggy: The Values of Progress and Islam in the Information Age\nYears after the defeat inflicted o\u00adn them by Ibrahim Pasha (who captured their leader and sent him to Egypt, then to Istanbul where he remained until his death), the Saudis reemerged as a political force in the eastern region of the Arabian Peninsula. Basing themselves in Riyadh, they began to meddle covertly in political affairs. This placed them o\u00adn a collision course with the al-Rashid family in Ha\u2019il, and the two sides were soon locked in battle", "Tarek Heggy: The Values of Progress and Islam in the Information Age\nThe Saudis, under the leadership of Abdul Rahman, father of the founder of the current Saudi dynasty, King Abdul Aziz, were defeated in 1891. Abdul Rahman fled to Kuwait with leading members of the House of Saud, where they remained in exile until 1902. During this period, they were the guests of Sheikh Mubarak al-Sabbah, who played an important role in the formation of the young Abdul Aziz", "Tarek Heggy: The Values of Progress and Islam in the Information Age\nBorn in 1876, Abdul Aziz, who came to be known as Ibn Saud, was encouraged in his dream to recapture Riyadh by the ruler of Kuwait. In 1902, Ibn Saud (Abdul Aziz) seized Riyadh and waged a 30-year campaign to assert his dominion over the Arabian Peninsula. In 1925 he entered first Mecca then Medina, and, in September 1932, the 56-year old proclaimed himself king over the Kingdom of Najd and Hejaz, later to become the first kingdom named after its ruling dynasty, Saudi Arabia.", "Tarek Heggy: The Values of Progress and Islam in the Information Age\nConcomitantly with the birth of the new kingdom, which officially adopted the doctrine of Wahhabism, came the discovery of vast reservoirs of oil under its deserts. This provided the Wahhabis with a virtually endless source of funds which they used to propogate their model of Islam.\nThree decades after the creation of Saudi Arabia and the discovery of oil, many things had changed in the world:", "Tarek Heggy: The Values of Progress and Islam in the Information Age\nOne, Saudi Arabia had built up a huge fortune that enabled it to further the cause of Wahhabism not o\u00adnly within its own borders but throughout the Arab and Muslim world. Its efforts proved successful, as many o\u00adnce moderate Muslims were gradually won over to the harsh version of Islam preached by the Wahhabis.", "Tarek Heggy: The Values of Progress and Islam in the Information Age\nTwo, beginning in the \u2018sixties, Egypt suffered a reversal of fortune at all levels, including a decline in its general cultural climate, allowing Wahhabi influence to infiltrate the venerable institution of Al-Azhar. The defeat of June 1967 opened the door wide to groups which espoused the Saudi understanding of Islam and who translated their radical views into political action, often at the point of a gun.", "Tarek Heggy: The Values of Progress and Islam in the Information Age\nThree, in the context of the Cold War, the West in general and the United States in particular adopted a number of misguided policies towards the region, including turning a blind eye to the spread of Wahhabi influence in the Arab and Islamic world, and even occasionally supporting radical groups inspired by the Wahhabi doctrine to achieve their own political ends, such as ending the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan.", "Tarek Heggy: The Values of Progress and Islam in the Information Age\nThe assassination of President Anwar Sadat by an extremist group was a wake-up call which alerted the world to the growth and spread of the Saudi-backed Wahhabi model of Islam and the retreat of the Egyptian/Turkish/Syrian model. A succession of similar events attested to the dangerous spread of this model in most societies with a Muslim majority, in Nigeria, Algeria, Egypt, the Arabian Peninsula, Pakistan, Afghanistan and Indonesia", "Tarek Heggy: The Values of Progress and Islam in the Information Age\no\u00adn the morning of September 11, 2001, a group of fanatics belonging to the Wahhabi brand of Islam launched attacks o\u00adn New York and Washington that illustrated how the members of this sect view the Other in general and Western civilization in particular.", "Tarek Heggy: The Values of Progress and Islam in the Information Age\nFor the average European or American unfamiliar with some of the facts presented in this article, it is easy to believe that Islam, violence and terrorism go hand in hand", "Tarek Heggy: The Values of Progress and Islam in the Information Age\nBut those who have a more thorough grasp of the issue know that this perception of Islam has taken hold o\u00adnly because a puritanical, fundamentalist model of Islam, which was marginal and ineffectual before oil wealth put it o\u00adn the map, has managed, thanks to petrodollars, to make the world believe that its interpretation of Islam is Islam", "Tarek Heggy: The Values of Progress and Islam in the Information Age\nThe doctrinaire version of Islam propounded by the Wahabbis had no followers among the Muslims of the world before the expansion of Saudi influence following the oil boom. Millions of Muslims in Egypt, Turkey, the Levant, Iraq, Indonesia and throughout the world remained immune to the appeal of the fanatical, violent and bloody message of what was a small and obscure sect bred in the intellectually barren landscape of the eastern Arabian Peninsula", "Tarek Heggy: The Values of Progress and Islam in the Information Age\nAll that changed with the massive influx of petrodollars into the coffers of Saudi Arabia, which used its new-found wealth to propagate the message of its home-grown Wahhabi sect with missionary zeal. Hence the emergence of militant Islam as a force to be reckoned with o\u00adn the world stage, a force that now represents a dangerous threat to world peace, to humanity and to Islam and Muslims", "Tarek Heggy: The Values of Progress and Islam in the Information Age\nHalf a century ago, the Muslims of Egypt, Syria, Lebanon, Iraq and Turkey were models of tolerance who believed in a gentle and enlightened Islam that could, and did, coexist peacefully with other religions and cultures. Following the decline in living standards they have suffered since at the hands of despotic and corrupt rulers, they have become easy prey for the Wahhabi interpretation of Islam.", "Tarek Heggy: The Values of Progress and Islam in the Information Age\nThe perception of Islam today by many non-Muslims is that it is a fanatical and violent religion. That is a superficial view which ignores the fact that there are two models of Islam, o\u00adne that is uncompromising and extremist in its views and another that is tolerant, moderate and humanistic", "Tarek Heggy: The Values of Progress and Islam in the Information Age\nIt is also a na\u00efve view that can lead to dangerous decisions like the o\u00adnes which informed the West\u2019s policies when it turned a blind eye to the spread of Wahhabism and established close links with radical Islamic movements like the Taliban in Afghanistan.", "Tarek Heggy: The Values of Progress and Islam in the Information Age\nFinally, there is no need to point out to the neutral reader that the existence of Qur\u2019anic texts which can be used to evidence the violence of Islam is unimportant, because there are enlightened interpretations of the same texts which link them to specific circumstances and events. At the end of the day, any text, even if it is divine, requires a human agency to interpret it, and the real test is how the mind elects to interpret it", "Tarek Heggy: The Values of Progress and Islam in the Information Age\nMoreover, there are also many Qur\u2019anic texts which proscribe the use of violence and aggression against those belonging to other faiths and creeds, and calls o\u00adn Muslims to treat them fairly and humanely. But texts should not be the focus of debate here, not least because this would allow extremists o\u00adn the other side to justify their use of violence by invoking Old Testament texts exhorting believers to violence, notably in the Book of Joshua, son of Nun.", "Tarek Heggy: The Values of Progress and Islam in the Information Age\nWhat needs to be done at this stage is to champion the cause of enlightenment by supporting moderates and promoting the humanistic understanding of Islam that o\u00adnce prevailed among the vast majority of Muslims. Efforts in this direction must go hand in hand with a counter offensive against the rigid, doctrinaire, even bloodthirsty, version of Islam that first appeared among isolated communities separated from the march of civilization by the impenetrable sand dunes of the Arabian desert", "Tarek Heggy: The Values of Progress and Islam in the Information Age\nGeographical isolation coupled with a narrow tribal outlook is a lethal mix that cannot possibly shape a humane and tolerant perception of the Other", "Tarek Heggy: The Values of Progress and Islam in the Information Age\nThe time has come for the Saudi government to part ways with Wahhabism and to realize that the alliance between the House of Saud and the Wahhabi dynasty is responsible for the spread of obscurantism, dogmatism and fanaticism, poisoning minds with radical ideas opposed to humanity, progress, civilization, cultural continuity and pluralism, the diversity of opinions and creeds that is o\u00adne of the most important and enriching features of human life.", "Tarek Heggy: The Values of Progress and Islam in the Information Age\nForeign students of contemporary Egyptian affairs believe there has been a marked decline in the civility of public discourse in recent years, particularly when two opposing points of view contend over an issue of public concern. I have given a great deal of thought to this phenomenon, which I tried to place in a historical perspective by comparing the language of debate in use today with that used earlier this century", "Tarek Heggy: The Values of Progress and Islam in the Information Age\nMy research centred o\u00adn the now-defunct review, Al-Kashkool, specifically, o\u00adn the issues which appeared in the period between 1923 and 1927. To my surprise, I discovered that the scurrilous language which I thought was the product of the last few decades was already in use in the `twenties", "Tarek Heggy: The Values of Progress and Islam in the Information Age\nBut further readings of the political and cultural writings of the period revealed that, side by side with the unfortunate tendency to resort to name-calling and slander, a tendency we suffer from to this day, was a sophisticated debating style that resembled that of the West. When Taha Hussein published his controversial book o\u00adn pre-Islamic poetry, he came under attack from many critics", "Tarek Heggy: The Values of Progress and Islam in the Information Age\nSome argued their case soberly, using civilized language and confining themselves to an objective critique of the book, but others stooped to unacceptable depths of calumny and personal attacks. o\u00adne such was Mustapha Sadeq Al-Rafei, whose book, o\u00adn the Grill, overstepped the bounds of decency in the virulent personal attack he directed at Abbas Al-Aqqad.", "Tarek Heggy: The Values of Progress and Islam in the Information Age\nIn other words, public discourse in Egypt was conducted along two tracks simultaneously: o\u00adne track observed the rules of civility and objectivity, shunning the use of insulting language and personal attacks, the other belonged to the no-holds-barred school of writing, which had no compunctions about resorting to vilification and mudslinging to discredit the opposing party.", "Tarek Heggy: The Values of Progress and Islam in the Information Age\nDuring the last fifty years, the objective school of public debate has gradually lost ground to a defamatory style based o\u00adn hurling insults at the opponent, in which polemists find it easier to demonize the proponents of the opposing point of view than to argue their own case o\u00adn its merits", "Tarek Heggy: The Values of Progress and Islam in the Information Age\nNumerous examples attest to the prevalence of this phenomenon in our cultural life today, where differences of opinion over a specific issue are often expressed in the form of vituperative exchanges of accusations and personal insults.", "Tarek Heggy: The Values of Progress and Islam in the Information Age\nTake the strident campaigns launched o\u00adn a periodic basis by some opposition papers over o\u00adne issue or another. All too often, these campaigns degenerate from an objective discussion of the issue over which they were launched in the first place into an all-out war against the person holding the opposing viewpoint, whose personal integrity and morality are called into question and who is accused of all kinds of private and public wrongdoing", "Tarek Heggy: The Values of Progress and Islam in the Information Age\nAt first, I thought this was because a public debate offers an ideal opportunity to give vent to the pent-up feelings of anger and frustration some of us harbour because of the many problems we face in our day-to-day life. I have since come to believe that, although this is certainly o\u00adne of the factors behind the phenomenon, the real reason is a fascist trend that has marked public discourse in this country for close o\u00adn half a century.", "Tarek Heggy: The Values of Progress and Islam in the Information Age\nIn the last five decades, public life in Egypt was strongly influenced by two main realities. The first is that the regime which came to power in 1952 was extremely intolerant of any opposition, indeed, even of the mildest criticism. I am not making a value judgement here, merely stating a fact", "Tarek Heggy: The Values of Progress and Islam in the Information Age\nFrom the start, the regime brooked no opposition, using all the apparatus of state to crush dissidents, including the media, which launched devastating campaigns against anyone who dared raise a voice against the regime", "Tarek Heggy: The Values of Progress and Islam in the Information Age\nThe other reality is that the strongest underground opposition movement in the country was the Moslem Brothers, a party that was and still is notoriously averse to the least hint of criticism, dealing with whoever refuses to toe the party line either with an iron fist or with floods of speeches and writings that are no less fascist", "Tarek Heggy: The Values of Progress and Islam in the Information Age\nThus we were caught between a ruling establishment that crushed its opponents with all the means at its disposal and an underground opposition movement that destroyed its opponents both materially and morally.", "Tarek Heggy: The Values of Progress and Islam in the Information Age\nIn the context of a fascist climate where any divergent opinion was ruthlessly crushed, whole generations grew up with no knowledge of the rules of civilized debate, generations raised to believe that opponents and critics were fair game for the most ferocious attacks o\u00adn their probity and honour, and that personal insults and abusive language were par for the course", "Tarek Heggy: The Values of Progress and Islam in the Information Age\nSuch a climate is not conducive to the promotion of such values as tolerance of the other climate, accepting criticism, engaging in self-criticism, expanding the objective margin in thinking and debate or genuinely embracing pluralism. There have been a number of notable exceptions to this general rule, but these are unfortunately far outnumbered by the examples of oral and written debates conducted along fascist lines, which represent the dominant trend in our public discourse at this time", "Tarek Heggy: The Values of Progress and Islam in the Information Age\nIt is a trend that is likely to remain dominant for some years to come, until the process of economic reform now underway has been successfully completed. The fundamental changes this is expected to introduce to the components of public life will make of those who now feed the fascist trend relics of a bygone time, products of a stage which left its mark o\u00adn the attitudes of some members of our society until the new global changes divested them of their very raison d'etre", "Tarek Heggy: The Values of Progress and Islam in the Information Age\nHowever, this is still several years down the road and, in the meantime, we will continue to suffer from the fascist trend that dominates public debate in Egypt today."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.mediterraneannews.net/news/271904274/boxers-from-afghanistan-seek-refuge-in-west

Afghan boxers seek refuge in West after Taliban ban sport

["Afghan boxers seek refuge in West after Taliban ban sport\nBoxers from Afghanistan seek refuge in West\nBELGRADE, Serbia: They practiced in secret and struggled to compete in an international tournament in Europe, but members of the Afghan national boxing team, currently in Serbia, are seeking refuge in the West, hoping to continue their careers and their lives following the Taliban takeover of Afghanistan.", "Afghan boxers seek refuge in West after Taliban ban sport\nThe Afghan boxers, their coach and a top boxing federation official remained in Serbia after the AIBA World Boxing Championships finished in early November, stressing they could face retribution from the Taliban if they returned home.\n\"When the Taliban regime came to Afghanistan, everything changed,\" said Waheedullah Hameedi, secretary-general of Afghanistan's boxing federation, as reported by the Associated Press.", "Afghan boxers seek refuge in West after Taliban ban sport\nThe team's members contacted several foreign embassies about securing humanitarian visas and asylum protection, though some EU countries have turned them down.\nMany thousands of Afghans, including athletes, fled their country after the Taliban took over following the withdrawal of troops from the U.S. and other foreign nations in August.", "Afghan boxers seek refuge in West after Taliban ban sport\nThe Taliban do not approve of boxing, and team members stand little chance of pursuing their careers freely in Afghanistan, Hameedi added, stating in English, \"As you know, the situation in Afghanistan is very tough, very bad.\"\nHameedi's father, a previous secretary-general of the Afghan Boxing Federation, was killed in 2019 by unknown gunmen.", "Afghan boxers seek refuge in West after Taliban ban sport\nBoxing was banned in Afghanistan during the Taliban's previous rule in 1996-2001, and Hameedi claimed officials and boxers have faced threats and feared for their safety.\n\"Boxing is 'haram' for them (the Taliban,) something in Islam that is illegal for them,\" he said.", "Afghan boxers seek refuge in West after Taliban ban sport\nAhead of the trip to Serbia, the boxers trained at hidden locations and stayed under the radar, hiding their plan to compete in the international tournament, he added, noting they received visas to go to Iran, and once in Tehran they applied for visas at the Serbian Embassy, before rushing to Belgrade.\nSponsored by the International Boxing Association, the 11 Afghan boxers competed in Serbia as part of a 14-member \"fair chance\" team, said Hameedi.", "Afghan boxers seek refuge in West after Taliban ban sport\nThe group's Serbian visas have since expired, but Hameedi said friends and relatives warned them not to return to Afghanistan, explaining, \"We hope we will receive visas as soon as possible so there is no problem in Serbia.\"\nHameedi said he, the coach and the nine boxers in Serbia do not want to illegally cross into Western Europe, but they have also not yet applied for local asylum.", "Afghan boxers seek refuge in West after Taliban ban sport\nAttorney Marko Stambuk, who works with the Belgrade Center for Human Rights, said the Afghan boxers contacted the organization and have been informed about their options for seeking asylum in Serbia."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.codypolston.com/griggs-house-history/

Grigg's House, History

["Grigg's House, History\nIn 1850, the Mesilla Civil Colony Land Grant was established by the Mexican government to give settlers in Mesilla land ownership. The grant was later honored by the United States Government. The Civil Colony Land Grant was established to govern the entire town and to distribute the common lands. Father Ramon Ortiz was the Commissioner of Lands in 1851 and in 1853, Guadalupe Miranda filled the office. The Civil Colony Grant Board does not exist today. The Town of Mesilla was incorporated in 1861", "Grigg's House, History\nIn 1882, the year after the railroad was constructed, Mesilla lost its position as the county seat, which it had held since 1855. The county seat was transferred to Las Cruces. In 1958, Mesilla became re-incorporated and became governed by a mayor and Board of Trustees.", "Grigg's House, History\nThe wrangle of politics caused a situation unlike any other known, for the residents of La Mesilla took their politics as seriously as Texas regarded cattle and the branding iron. The fight between the Republicans and the Democrats was called \u201cbattle of the bands.\u201d It began in August, 1861 and spread with astounding rapidity. Citizens were thrown into confusion. Many, panic stricken with the sudden outbreak, took up arms, or ran in every direction seeking safety for their families.", "Grigg's House, History\nThe Republicans gathered at the house of Johnny Lemon; the Democrats met in the Plaza where they listened to Padre Gallego and other loyal Democrats warn them of the fearful fiends that would ravage and devastate the village.", "Grigg's House, History\nGeneral Gregg arrived with a full detachment of armed soldiers from Fort McRae after Washington had been informed of impending trouble between the two factions. They camped in those lands cut by erosion into odd shaped hills with a few level places near the prairie lands for several days. The temperature was hot enough to melt ball bearings. Perhaps their presence avoided trouble", "Grigg's House, History\nIn any case, when it became evident that matters would be settled without gunplay, the General took his troops and galloped back to Fort McRae.", "Grigg's House, History\nNo sooner had the troops disappeared over the horizon than danger hung over La Mesilla like a vast funeral pall. The Democrats decided to antagonize their inhospitable neighbors by marching their band around the Plaza singing a song they knew would irritate the Republicans. The words were sung to the tune of Marching Though Georgia.", "Grigg's House, History\nThe Republicans retaliated by lining up their own band, led by Antonio Garcia playing heartily on his \u201cflica\u201d horn. They marched around the Plaza in one direction while the Democrats marched in the opposing direction, playing and singing just a loudly as their enemies. When they met at the end of the Plaza, the result was as volatile as a lighted match thrown into a can of gasoline.", "Grigg's House, History\nIt started with shouts of insults and curses and eventually erupted into flashes of sabers and revolvers. Before the sun set over this new and growing town, ten men lay dead in the streets, their wives and children rendered homeless without a bread winner. The dusty street in front of Grigg\u2019s store was strewn with forty bleeding, wounded men. One individual lost his eyesight during the skirmish. Another had to have a leg amputated when gangrene set in and threatened his life.", "Grigg's House, History\nThinking fast, Old Man Griggs sent one of his clerks galloping hell-bent-for-leather on his fine Kentucky gelding, to overtake General Gregg and his regimental horsebackers. The general and his troops galloped the hard-packed soil back to La Mesilla with breakneck speed, but the damage had already been done.", "Grigg's House, History\nA detachment of troops was left in town to discourage any further outbreak and the town quieted down. The dead were buried. Families rendered destitute depended on the charity of their neighbors. Both republicans and Democrats suffered; none escaped without experiencing a loss of some kind.\nLa Mesilla was in the third judicial district and no judge was appointed to the bench at this time; so no one on either side was ever tried for murder.", "Grigg's House, History\nAmong La Mesilla\u2019s eminent visitors was Lew Wallace, whose greatest fame actually came from his novel, Ben Hur, which he wrote while governor of the Territory of New Mexico. Another was Kit Carson, famous Indian Scout and guide. Carson was a familiar sight on the dusty streets of La Mesilla where he carved his name on a tree that was carelessly cut down by a thoughtless resident and used for firewood", "Grigg's House, History\nThe house was built in the early 1800\u2019s and is now used as a storage area for honey which is produced near the house.\nPolitical History of Mesilla New Mexico. http://www.oldmesilla.org/html/political_history.html\nGrave robbing due to ghosts?\nThe history of Fort Craig, NM\nThe battle of Valverde, a soldier's account of the battle.\nCategories Griggs, Wicked History Post navigation\nMaria Teresa Restaurant, Reported Phenomenon\nGrigg\u2019s House, Mesilla, NM, Paranormal Claims"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.pakistanchristianpost.com/head-line-news-details/7382

Deaf and mute Christian teenager kidnapped as police take two months to investigate

["Deaf and mute Christian teenager kidnapped as police take two months to investigate\nDeaf and mute Christian Teenager Kidnapped Whilst Police Dithered\nLahore: A deaf and dumb teenager has been kidnapped whilst Pakistani police took two months to investigate.\nKomal Patras, a 17-year-old deaf and mute girl by birth, was taken from her home in Shibli town, Sandha Band road, Lahore, whilst her parents were at work and her little brother slept in the next room.", "Deaf and mute Christian teenager kidnapped as police take two months to investigate\nKomal, who was studying at home attends a government school for children with special needs, is being home schooled during the pandemic lock-down, revising for her forthcoming year 10 exams when she disappeared on the 16th May.\nHer parents, Patras Masih (55 yrs), a factory cleaner and mother, Rubina (45 yrs), a house maid, were both at work at the time of her kidnapping along with her 11 year-old sister.", "Deaf and mute Christian teenager kidnapped as police take two months to investigate\nRubina, who has a kidney condition, left Kormal and her 8 year-old brother Yeshuwa at home alone when she left for work before returning at 1.30pm. On arrival Rubina found one of Kormal\u2019s slippers on the doorstep and the other on the stairs, she described the scene, saying:\n\u201cI found Yeshwa sleeping and started scolding him for sleeping.\n\"I told him serach for his sister saying 'where is your sister - find her' and started shouting Komal! Komal!", "Deaf and mute Christian teenager kidnapped as police take two months to investigate\n\"I searched the home vigorously shouting 'Why are your slippers lying this way - where are you?'\n\"The slippers seemed to be badly misplaced as if lost in a struggle.\n\"I am broken and in despair since Komal went missing.\"", "Deaf and mute Christian teenager kidnapped as police take two months to investigate\nPatras arrived home after work at 4pm and began a search of the immediate neighbourhood, after which her parents went to Sherakot Police Station to report her disappearance. However, the police failed to take the report seriously and only launched an investigation 2 months later despite several visits by the parents.\nMr Tariq Gill MPA, a member of the provincial assembly agreed to take up the families concerns and formerly registered a complaint at the police station.", "Deaf and mute Christian teenager kidnapped as police take two months to investigate\nSince the FIR has been launched two suspects have been named as Ali Mubashir and Azeem and are both described as middle aged. Both men have been living in the neighbourhood for a long time and are well known to people in the area. They were living in a home close to the home of Patras Masih and vacated it on the day of Komal's abduction", "Deaf and mute Christian teenager kidnapped as police take two months to investigate\nThe landlord for the property has been assisting police with their investigation and provided the suspects names, however it is not known if the names are genuine as no identification was ever taken from the tenants.", "Deaf and mute Christian teenager kidnapped as police take two months to investigate\nPolice have called Azeem for investigation on two occasions but have failed to make any arrests. Now both suspects have absconded and remain missing.\nPatras Masih has reported receiving a strange call from an unknown number on Good Friday. The caller was making incoherent noises police are yet to trace the number.\nThe family are facing a severe financial crisis and have appealed for prayers and for the recovery of their daughter safely.", "Deaf and mute Christian teenager kidnapped as police take two months to investigate\nBACA have helped the family with an initial gift of \u00a3100 for financial help as they were starving during the COVID-19 lockdown and currently have no income. We have offered to give the family continued support to help with the case in the form of a solicitor. So far the family have declined as police seem to be taking the abduction seriously after intervention by the local MPA.", "Deaf and mute Christian teenager kidnapped as police take two months to investigate\nHannah Chowdhry, spokesperson for BACA, said: \"The abduction of a vulnerable 17 year-old girl in any nation would trigger an immediate and thorough police investigation in any country, but not in Pakistan.\n\"Intervention by an MPA has ensured that an effective police inquiry is in place, but the longer Komal is away from home, the more unlikely she will ever be returned to her family.\n\"We call for your prayers for Komal and her family as they wait on the police to retrieve her and bring her to safety.\""]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://adc.library.usyd.edu.au/view?docId=ozlit/xml-main-texts/fed0023.xml;chunk.id=LEVI21;toc.id=d937e11008;database=;collection=;brand=ozfed

The Constitution of the Commonwealth of Australia, 1900

["The Constitution of the Commonwealth of Australia, 1900\nAN ACT TO CONSTITUTE THE COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA, A.D. 1900.\nCHAPTER 1. THE PARLIAMENT. Part I - GENERAL.\nPart II.\u2014The Senate.\nPart III.\u2014The House of Representatives.\nPart IV.\u2014Both Houses of the Parliament.\nPart V.\u2014Powers of the Parliament.\nChapter II. The Executive Government. (213.)\nChapter III. The Judicature.\nChapter IV. Finance and Trade.\nChapter V. The States (xviii.).\nChapter VI. New States.\nChapter VII. Miscellaneous.\nChapter VIII. Alteration (318-321) of the Constitution.\nSchedule.", "The Constitution of the Commonwealth of Australia, 1900\nTHE Constitution of the Commonwealth of Australia contains few evidences of that experimentalism, for which the politics of the Colonies have become famous. Far from disdaining precedent, the founders of the Constitution availed themselves to the full of the opportunities, offered by modern literature, for a comparison of existing Constitutions; and the Constitutions throughout bear the impress of this study", "The Constitution of the Commonwealth of Australia, 1900\nThe absence of any obvious cause imperatively calling for immediate union, such as has in every other instance of federal union determined action, allowed her a singular freedom of choice in working from her models.", "The Constitution of the Commonwealth of Australia, 1900\nThe natural model for the union of a group of British Colonies would have been the Dominion of Canada, which, in its preamble, recites the desire of the Provinces to be united into one Dominion \u201cwith a Constitution similar in principle to that of the United Kingdom.\u201d But the form of Canadian union was determined by special circumstances, both internal and external, very different from any which exist in regard to Australia", "The Constitution of the Commonwealth of Australia, 1900\nIn the first place the fundamental character of the Dominion\u2014the possession of the residuary power by the Dominion Legislature, and the subordination of the Provinces to the Dominion Government\u2014was the natural outcome of the existing consolidation of the Provinces of Upper and Lower Canada. Just in", "The Constitution of the Commonwealth of Australia, 1900\nthe same way, if the policy of \u201cHome Rule\u201d all round were applied in the United Kingdom, we should expect to find residuary power and some controlling power in the Imperial Parliament and the Imperial Government. In the second place, it must be remembered that the years 1864\u20131867, during which the Canadian Constitution was taking shape, were years full of lessons from the neighbouring union", "The Constitution of the Commonwealth of Australia, 1900\nThe War of Secession had discredited the principles of disintegration, upon which the Constitution of the United States was based; and the victorious States of the North were engaged in re-establishing their Constitution upon a basis, which greatly increased the central power, and might, indeed, but for the restrictive interpretation of the Supreme Court, have given to Congress a general controlling power over the State.note", "The Constitution of the Commonwealth of Australia, 1900\nIf the federalism of Australia is the federalism of the United States and not that of Canada, the Parliamentary Government, which England has given to her Colonies and to Europe, is firmly rooted in the Constitution. That Cabinet Government presents singular difficulties, as applied to the federal system, is obvious, and, in 1891, there were grave doubts whether it could be a durable institution even in the single colonies", "The Constitution of the Commonwealth of Australia, 1900\nThe great importance of administrative capacity and experience, in such communities as Australia, make it intolerable that affairs should be carried on with the ever-shifting personnel supplied by Parliamentary exigencies", "The Constitution of the Commonwealth of Australia, 1900\nBut, since 1891, a great change has come over the politics of Australia and New Zealand; in every colony, long tenure of office and stability of government have superseded the kaleidoscopic movements of a few years ago, and in Australia not less than in England, men ask\u2014Where and what is the Opposition", "The Constitution of the Commonwealth of Australia, 1900\n? There was no more notable feature, in which the Convention of 1897\u20138 differed from the Convention of 1891, than in its unquestioning acceptance of the Cabinet system.", "The Constitution of the Commonwealth of Australia, 1900\nImperial Federation, which have been or are in the air\u2014the Australian Commonwealth is a measure \u201cfor enlarging the power of self-government.\u201d But neither separation nor republicanism is to be inferred from the fact, that the federalism of Australia is that of the United States and not that of Canada. To answer such a suggestion, it is not necessary to do more than to point to the spirit of 1867-70, both in England and the Colonies, and compare it with the spirit of 1897-1900", "The Constitution of the Commonwealth of Australia, 1900\nIn the earlier time, Sir John Macdonald and Mr. W. E. Forster stood almost alone, amongst the statesmen of the Dominions of the Crown, in a belief in, or even a hope for, the establishment of an enduring Empire under the Crown, upon a basis of self-governing communities. Now, every man, who wishes to vilipend another, calls him a \u201cLittle Englander.\u201d When the Draft Bill of 1891 was under discussion, objection was often taken to its Imperializing tendency", "The Constitution of the Commonwealth of Australia, 1900\nBut little was made of such objections in 1898-1899, though the vesting of power in the Crown or the Governor-General excited sometimes apprehension of autocratic power amongst people, who were unacquainted with constitutional forms.", "The Constitution of the Commonwealth of Australia, 1900\nIn the number and character of the matters assigned to the Federal Parliament, the Australian Constitution follows the Dominion of Canada rather than the United States. The Fathers of the American Constitution, Mr. Bryce says, \u201chad no wish to produce uniformity amongst the States in government or institutions, and little care to protect the citizens against abuses of State power", "The Constitution of the Commonwealth of Australia, 1900\nTheir chief aim was to secure the National Government against encroachments on the part of the States, and to prevent causes of quarrel, both between the central and State authorities, and between the several States.\u201dnote But, in the 19th century, distance has been constantly shrinking, and divergence of laws and institutions, in two great countries whose inhabitants have perpetual intercourse, is to-day infinitely more inconvenient than the divergences of custom in neighbouring localities a few centuries ago", "The Constitution of the Commonwealth of Australia, 1900\nhas seen the growth of a whole body of law for the settlement of the conflict of laws and jurisdictions, but it is obviously simpler, and more convenient, to go to the root of the matter, and establish a uniform law under a central government. Hence the great national states, which the political movements of the century have called into existence, have made \u201cthe law,\u201d to a great extent, a national law", "The Constitution of the Commonwealth of Australia, 1900\nIn Germany, there is a high degree of legal centralization; the legislative power of the Empire extends over the whole domain of ordinary civil and criminal law, and this power has recently given a uniform code of laws for the Empire", "The Constitution of the Commonwealth of Australia, 1900\nCanada was quite alive to the defects of the United States system in respect to the criminal and private law, and, accordingly, vested in the Dominion Parliament power over criminal law and procedure, over the laws of marriage and divorce, and over a large part of commercial law", "The Constitution of the Commonwealth of Australia, 1900\nAustralia has shown even greater anxiety than Canada for uniformity of law; for, though criminal law is not made a Commonwealth matter, the Commonwealth Parliament has wider powers over family and commercial law than has the Dominion Parliament. But neither in Canada nor in Australia do we find the legal centralization of Germany.", "The Constitution of the Commonwealth of Australia, 1900\nIt is true, that, in a federal government, the simple democratic plan of pure majority rule must make compromises with the principle of State right. But that is the only compromise which it makes in Australia. The federalism of Australia is the federalism of the United States; her democracy is her own. The American Constitution was born in distrust", "The Constitution of the Commonwealth of Australia, 1900\nTo possess power, was to abuse it; therefore, in devising the organs of Government, the first object was, less to secure their co-operation, than to ensure that each might be a check upon the natural tendencies of the other. Large states, where the central power is far off, were more dangerous to liberty than", "The Constitution of the Commonwealth of Australia, 1900\nsmall states, where popular control was more readily exerted; therefore, central power was to be no greater than was absolutely necessary for security against external attack and internal dissension. And the maxim, \u201cTrust in the People,\u201d carried the Fathers of the Constitution but a little way on the democratic road. Direct participation by the people in the ordinary functions of central government seemed equally impracticable and mischievous", "The Constitution of the Commonwealth of Australia, 1900\nThe people could, at most, be choosers, and, even here, they were to act at second-hand; there was to be a College of Electors, who should exercise a free judgment in the choice of a President; the Senators were to be chosen by the Legislatures of the States. Thus, the most important offices in the Union were to be filled without the pressure of popular clamour", "The Constitution of the Commonwealth of Australia, 1900\nThe Constitution was accepted not by direct vote, but by State Conventions, and amendments were to be approved either by the States Legislatures or by States Conventions. The Constitution of the Commonwealth of Australia bears every mark of confidence in the capacity of the people to undertake every function of government. In the Constitution of the Parliament, in the relations of the Houses, and in the amendment of the Constitution, the people play a direct part", "The Constitution of the Commonwealth of Australia, 1900\nThere are no intermediaries in the formation of the Senate; the electors are the arbiters between the Houses; there are no conventions of select men to approve alterations of the Constitution. The artificial majorities of the American Constitution are not required. The system, governing the qualifications of members and electors, is dictated by a desire to rest those qualifications upon the widest possible basis.", "The Constitution of the Commonwealth of Australia, 1900\nIn one notable matter, the Australian Constitution differs markedly from that of the United States. In America, the checks and balances devised by the Fathers of the Constitution were deemed an insufficient restraint of power, and were immediately supplemented by a comprehensive Bill of Rights, which placed the liberties of the citizen under the protection of the Constitution, and", "The Constitution of the Commonwealth of Australia, 1900\nsecured them against any attack by the Federal Government. More remarkable still in a federal constitution, there were a few provisions protecting the rights of the citizens of the States against their own States Government", "The Constitution of the Commonwealth of Australia, 1900\nIt need hardly be said, that this spirit of distrust has so grown that the States Constitutions put many and varied rights of the citizen beyond the reach of the legislature, and that the amendments of the Federal Constitution which followed the War of Secession afford further security to individual right. From the Australian Constitution such guarantees of individual right are conspicuously absent", "The Constitution of the Commonwealth of Australia, 1900\nWhen the Constitution left the Adelaide Convention, it provided, that no State should make any law prohibiting the free exercise of any religion (section 109, Adelaide draft), and that a State should not deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of its laws (section 40). These provisions, however, disappeared, and every restraint imposed by the Constitution upon Commonwealth Parliament or State (except the provisions of section 116), may be referred to federal needs", "The Constitution of the Commonwealth of Australia, 1900\nWhen it was found, that the section, prescribing uniformity of Commonwealth taxation, might be read to protect individuals or classes against discrimination, care was taken to substitute words of geographical description. The great underlying principle is, that the rights of individuals are sufficiently secured by ensuring, as far as possible, to each a share, and an equal share, in political power.", "The Constitution of the Commonwealth of Australia, 1900\nAs a federal system is deemed to be favourable to political experiments, there is no reason to suppose that the States in Australia will be less daring than the Colonies have been, in the adoption of \u201cprogressive measures.\u201d It has been noticed, that the apathy of a class, which ordinarily gives a more continuous attention to politics than any other in Australia, was due to the fact, that the earlier programme of federation did not deal directly with any matter of \u201csocial and industrial reform.\u201d It follows, that the matters, on which modern legislation experiments, remain almost without exception in the", "The Constitution of the Commonwealth of Australia, 1900\nexclusive power of the States. The exceptions have been referred to\u2014invalid and old-age pensions, and conciliation and arbitration for the prevention and settlement of industrial disputes extending beyond the limits of any one State.", "The Constitution of the Commonwealth of Australia, 1900\nMr. Bryce has pointed out, that local self-government and federalism are distinct, and that it is perfectly possible to have a very high degree of centralization in a federal community.note Australia is a signal illustration of this truth", "The Constitution of the Commonwealth of Australia, 1900\nNotwithstanding the extensive powers of the Commonwealth Government, the States are capable of exercising most of the powers of sovereignty, and these extensive powers are exerciseable over vast areas, inhabited in some cases by a million of people, and capable in some cases of sustaining a population infinitely greater. As Mr", "The Constitution of the Commonwealth of Australia, 1900\nBryce observes, the sort of local interest which local self-government evokes, and the sort of control which a township can exercise, is quite a different thing from the interest men feel in the affairs of a large body like a State, and the control exerciseable over the affairs of a community with a million of people. In the Colonies of Australia, such local government as there was, was established by the central authority, and existed as a highly artificial, and not very robust, product", "The Constitution of the Commonwealth of Australia, 1900\nIn addition to undertaking many of the functions, which elsewhere belong to local governments, the central government also concerned itself with works, which, in other lands, fell to private hands. Thus, there existed all the conditions of a highly centralized government, and the mere transfer of some of the functions of the several States to a single authority is, of course, not a step towards decentralization", "The Constitution of the Commonwealth of Australia, 1900\nAs to the future of the Federal Constitution, it has been seen that, by the adoption of so flexible a system as that of Cabinet Government, and by the provision of an exceedingly facile mode of amendment, the founders of the Constitution have left ample scope for development.", "The Constitution of the Commonwealth of Australia, 1900\nDoubtless, the Cabinet system, as applied to Federal Government, will develop new conventions and understandings, affecting both the constitution of Ministries and the relations of the Houses of the Parliament. It has been remarked, that, in America, federalism acts injuriously upon the filling of public offices, since, in addition to considering the claims of individuals, it is necessary to placate the States by making some attempt at a fair distribution of offices amongst them", "The Constitution of the Commonwealth of Australia, 1900\nIt is the experience of Federal Government in the United States, in Germany, and in Switzerland, that, with or without any amendment of the constitutional law, the national government grows in power", "The Constitution of the Commonwealth of Australia, 1900\nIf, in Canada, the provincial power has been found to be greater than was contemplated by the founders of the Constitution, it must be remembered, that this has been the outcome of interpretation by an external tribunal\u2014the Privy Council\u2014 rather than the course of natural development in Canada, and that the liberal view, which has been taken of the power of the Province, has been greatly aided by the fact, that the Dominion Executive has a controlling power enabling it to check the abuse of provincial power", "The Constitution of the Commonwealth of Australia, 1900\nIn Australia the great and numerous powers conferred upon the Commonwealth Government may for a considerable time be deemed sufficient, yet the very extent of power is one great fact which makes for increase.", "The Constitution of the Commonwealth of Australia, 1900\nIn the United States, and in Canada, the development of the Constitution has been, less by formal amendment, than in the way of judicial decision. It has been abundantly shown in the United States, that the Constitution is a thing of life, with a marvellous capacity for adaptation to the ever-changing needs of the most progressive people of a progressive age, and the process of adaptation has almost uniformly resulted in the increase of the powers of the central government", "The Constitution of the Commonwealth of Australia, 1900\nHad there not been this power of adaptation, the Constitution would have been a serious obstacle to the work of nation-building; for the power of", "The Constitution of the Commonwealth of Australia, 1900\nThe great facility, with which the Australian Constitution may be altered, makes it probable, that its development will be guided, less by judicial interpretation, and more by formal amendment, than the development of the Constitution of the United States. It may be expected, too, that the Courts will construe the Constitution in a stricter spirit than has been common in America", "The Constitution of the Commonwealth of Australia, 1900\nThey are not likely to lose sight of Marshall's warning:note \u201cWe must not forget that it is a Constitution we are expounding\u201d; nor will they forget, that, in the interpretation of an instrument of government, there must be \u201cthe combination of a lawyer's rigour with a statesman's breadth of views.\u201d But the most important judgments of the Supreme Court of the United States have been given under a deep sense that their construction was for all practical purposes final, and that the amending power was not available to mitigate the effects of their decision", "The Constitution of the Commonwealth of Australia, 1900\nThe Australian Constitution is born in an age of legislation, and Courts will be more free to say, as to the Constitution, what they frequently say as to ordinary statutes\u2014\u201cIt is our duty merely to declare what seems to us to be the law", "The Constitution of the Commonwealth of Australia, 1900\nIf we are wrong, or if the consequences of the law as so declared are mischievous, the law can be altered.\u201d So great indeed are the facilities offered by section 128 for altering the Constitution, that very competent expositorsnote have suggested, that, in the event of a difference between the Houses, it may be more convenient to pass ordinary legislation as an alteration of the Constitution under section 128, than to resort to the more elaborate \u201cdeadlock\u201d machinery of section 57", "The Constitution of the Commonwealth of Australia, 1900\nSuch a course may be possible, but, if it is adopted, it will lead to a \u201chabit of tinkering\u201d with the Constitution, which will give that instrument a portion in the national polity, very different from that, which has been won by its great prototype, the Constitution of the United States."]

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https://books.google.com.qa/books?id=RoAFAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA47&focus=viewport&vq=reason&dq=editions:STANFORD36105002500119&hl=ru&output=html_text

The Fortnightly Review, Vol. 6 - Henry VIII. and the Campaign of 1513

["The Fortnightly Review, Vol. 6 - Henry VIII. and the Campaign of 1513\ntheir bone, and thereafter no one ever, dared to meddle with Colet. This is Erasmus's version of an incident which, especially when placed in its proper historical setting, may be looked upon as a jewel in the crown both of the young king and of his upright subject. It has been reported that Colet complied with the king's wish, and preached another sermon in favour of the war against France, of the necessity and justice of which, as strictly defensire, the king had convinced him", "The Fortnightly Review, Vol. 6 - Henry VIII. and the Campaign of 1513\nHenry VIII. may have convinced Colet by royal argument that in this, his second campaign, he was acting strictly on the defensive; but events soon proved that he was indulging an ambitious dream, which he was stubbornly bent on pursuing, in spite of the counsel of the best of his advisers, and no matter what burdens it might entail upon the nation. He was not deterred by Colet's preaching. Ile was not deterred by the news of troubles a-head on his Scotch frontiers", "The Fortnightly Review, Vol. 6 - Henry VIII. and the Campaign of 1513\nHe was not deterred by the news of the election of Leo X. -a friend of Erasmus's, and known to be anxious for peace-to the Papal chair. He was not deterred by the news of the destruction of a portion of his fleet, and the loss of his best Admiral, Lord Howard, under the most painful circumstances. Even the intelligence that his treacherous father-in-law, Ferdinand, to secure his own ends, had made a year's truce with France, and thus deserted his ally, was not sufficient to restore him to reason", "The Fortnightly Review, Vol. 6 - Henry VIII. and the Campaign of 1513\nTe need not follow the details of the campaign here. Suffice it to say, that like the first game of a child, it was carelessly, blunderingly played, not, however, without buoyant spirit and that air of exaggerated grandeur which betokens the inexperienced hand. A few towns were taken, under the selfish advice of Maximilian, who was glad enough to turn the lavish purse and ardent ambition of his young ally to his own advantage", "The Fortnightly Review, Vol. 6 - Henry VIII. and the Campaign of 1513\nBut the power of France was not crippled by the invasion of a remote corner of her shores. More time was spent in tournaments and banquets than in actual fighting. It was emphatically \"playing at war.\u201d", "The Fortnightly Review, Vol. 6 - Henry VIII. and the Campaign of 1513\nIn the mean time, it will be remembered that it was during the king's absence that the Scotch invaded England, and were repulsed on the bloody field of Flodden. It may well be supposed that these erents were not without passing influence on the minds of the Oxford Reformers. Colet's hatred of these useless wars was not likely to be lessened by the results of this last campaign. Erasmus and More", "The Fortnightly Review, Vol. 6 - Henry VIII. and the Campaign of 1513\n(1) Fras., Justo Jono., op. iii. 461, A, E. (2) Knight's Life of Colet, p. 207, noto quoted from Antiq. Britain, Sub. Wil . Warhamn, edit. Han., p. 306.\nshared that hatred ; and with every fresh turn in the mazes of continental policy and intrigue it was deepened, until at length it found vent in language as remarkable for its boldness as Colet's had already been.\n5. ERASMUS LEAVES CAMBRIDGE, AND MEDITATES LEAVING", "The Fortnightly Review, Vol. 6 - Henry VIII. and the Campaign of 1513\nENGLAND (1513-14). During the autumn of 1513 Erasmus made up his mind to leave Cambridge. He had come to England on the accession of Henry VIII. with full purpose to make it his permanent home. That his friends would try to bring this about had been his last entreaty on leaving England for his visit to Italy. They had done their best for him. Every one who cared for the advance of learning they had found anxious to secure the residence of so great a scholar in their own country", "The Fortnightly Review, Vol. 6 - Henry VIII. and the Campaign of 1513\nThe promises were indeed vague, but there were plenty of them, and altogether the chances of a fair maintenance for Erasmus appeared to be good. He had settled at Cambridge intending to earn his living by teaching Greek to the students; expecting, from them and from the University, fees and a stipend sufficient to enable him to pay his way. But the drudgery of teaching Greek was by no means the work upon which Erasmus had set his heart. It was rather, like St", "The Fortnightly Review, Vol. 6 - Henry VIII. and the Campaign of 1513\nPaul's tentmaking, the price he had to pay for that leisure which he was bent upon devoting to his real work. This work was his fellow work with Colet. Not alone the aid he was able to give to his friend, by taking up the cudgels for him at the University, and finding him teachers and schoolbooks for his school, for all this was done by-the-bye,\u2014he was labouring to make his own proper contribution towards the object to which both were devoting their all", "The Fortnightly Review, Vol. 6 - Henry VIII. and the Campaign of 1513\nHe was labouring hard to produce an edition of the New Testament in the original Greek, with a new and free translation of his own; and simultaneously with this a corrected edition of the works of St. Jerome\u2014the latter in itself an undertaking of enormous labour.", "The Fortnightly Review, Vol. 6 - Henry VIII. and the Campaign of 1513\nIn letters written from Cambridge during the years 1511\u20141513, we catch stray glimpses of the progress of these great works. He writes to Colet, in August, 1511, that \u201che is about attacking St. Paul,\u201d? and in July, 1512, that he has finished collating the New Testament, and is attacking St. Jerome.3", "The Fortnightly Review, Vol. 6 - Henry VIII. and the Campaign of 1513\nTo Ammonius, in the camp, during the French campaign of 1513, he writes that he is working with almost superhuman zeal at the correction of the text of St. Jerome; and shortly after the close of the campaign against France, he tells his friend that \u201che himself\n(1) Compendium, Vita Eras., Eras. op. i., preface. (2) Brewer, i., 1847.\n(3) Brewer, 4336. Eras., Epist. cxv. The allusion to the \u201c De Copia\" (printed in May, 1512,) fixes the date.", "The Fortnightly Review, Vol. 6 - Henry VIII. and the Campaign of 1513\nhas been waging no less fierce a warfare with the blunders of Jerome.\"! And, now with his editions of the New Testament and Jerome nearly ready for the press, why should he waste any further time at Cambridge", "The Fortnightly Review, Vol. 6 - Henry VIII. and the Campaign of 1513\n? He had complained from the first that he could get nothing out of the students. All these years he had been, in spite of all his efforts, and notwithstanding an annual stipend secured upon a living in Kent, through the kindness of Lord Mountjoy, to a great extent dependent on his friends, obliged most unwillingly to beg, till he had become thoroughly ashamed of begging. And now this autumn of 1513 had brought matters to a crisis", "The Fortnightly Review, Vol. 6 - Henry VIII. and the Campaign of 1513\nAt Michaelmas the University had agreed to pay him thirty nobles, and on the 1st of September they had begged the assistance of Lord Mountjoy in the payment of this \u201cenormous stipend\u201d for their Greek professor, adding, by way of pressing the urgency of their claim, that they must otherwise soon lose him.*", "The Fortnightly Review, Vol. 6 - Henry VIII. and the Campaign of 1513\nOn the 28th of November Erasmus wrote to Ammonius that he had for some months lived like a cockle shut up in his shell, humming over his books. Cambridge, he said, was deserted because of the plague; and even when all of the men were there, there was no large company. The expense was intolerable, the profits not a brass farthing. The last five months had, he said, cost him sixty nobles, but he had never received more than one from his audience.", "The Fortnightly Review, Vol. 6 - Henry VIII. and the Campaign of 1513\nThe result was that in the winter of 1513-14 Erasmus finally left Cambridge. The disbanding of disaffected and demoralised soldiers had so increased the number of robbers on the public roads, that travelling in the winter months was considered dangerous; but Erasmus was anxious to proceed with the publication of his two great works. He was in London by February, 1514. He found Parliament sitting, and the war party having all their own way", "The Fortnightly Review, Vol. 6 - Henry VIII. and the Campaign of 1513\nHe found the compliant Commons supporting by lavish grants of subsidies Henry VIII.'s ambition \u201cto recover the realm of France, his very true patrimony and inheritance, and to reduce the same to his obedience ;\u201d", "The Fortnightly Review, Vol. 6 - Henry VIII. and the Campaign of 1513\n? and carried away by the fulsome speeches of courtiers who drew a triumphant contrast between the setting fortunes and growing infirmities of the French king and the prospects of Henry, who, \u201clike the rising sun, was growing brighter and stronger", "The Fortnightly Review, Vol. 6 - Henry VIII. and the Campaign of 1513\n(1) Brewer, 4576. See also Brewer, 2013, which belongs to the same autumn.\n(2) See Eras., Epist. cl. Brewer, 4528.\n(3) Brewer, i., 4427.\n(5) Brewer, i., 2001, under date 1511. The allusion to the King of Scots, as well as the passage quoted fix the date 1513. See also No. 4576.\n(6) Brewer, 2001.\n(7) 5 Henry VIII. c. i.\nVOL. VI.", "The Fortnightly Review, Vol. 6 - Henry VIII. and the Campaign of 1513\nevery day.\u201d! While tax collectors were pressing for the arrears of half a dozen previous subsidies and Parliament was granting new ones, the liberality of English patrons was likely to decline. Their heads were too full of the war, and their purses too empty, to admi of their caring much at the moment about Erasmus and his literary projects.", "The Fortnightly Review, Vol. 6 - Henry VIII. and the Campaign of 1513\nNo wonder, therefore, that when his friends at the Court of the Netherlands urged his acceptance of an honorary place in the Privy Council of Prince Charles, which would not interfere with his literary labours, together with a pension which would furnish him with the means to carry them on,-no wonder that under these circumstances Erasmus accepted the invitation, and concluded to leave England.\nIn reply to the Abbot of St. Bertin, he wrote (with some abridgment) as follows:", "The Fortnightly Review, Vol. 6 - Henry VIII. and the Campaign of 1513\n\u201cIle gracefully acknowledged his great kindness in wishing to restore him to his fatherland. Not that he disliked England, or was wanting in patrons there. The Archbishop of Canterbury, if he had been a brother or a father, could not have been kinder to him, and by his gift he still held the pension out of the living in Kent. But the war had suddenly diverted the genius of England from its ordinary channels. The price of everything was becoming dearer and dearer", "The Fortnightly Review, Vol. 6 - Henry VIII. and the Campaign of 1513\nThe liberality of patrons was becoming less and less. How could they do other than give sparingly with so many war taxes to pay ?", "The Fortnightly Review, Vol. 6 - Henry VIII. and the Campaign of 1513\n\u201cOh that God would deign to still the tempest of war! What madness is it! The wars of Christian princes begin for the most part either out of ambition or hatred or lust, or like diseases of the mind. Consider also by whom they are carried on: by homicides, by outcasts, by gamblers, by ravishers, by the most sordid mercenary troops, who care more for a little pay than for their lives. These offscouring3 of mankind are to be received into your territory and your cities that you may carry on war", "The Fortnightly Review, Vol. 6 - Henry VIII. and the Campaign of 1513\nThink, too, of the crimes which are committed under pretext of war, for amid the din of arms good laws are silent; what rapine, what sacrilege, what other crimes of which decency forbids the mention! The demoralisation which it causes will linger in your country for years after the war is", "The Fortnightly Review, Vol. 6 - Henry VIII. and the Campaign of 1513\n\u201cIt is much more glorious to found cities than to destroy them. In our times it is the people who build and improve cities, while the madness of princes destroys them. But, you may say, princes must vindicate their rights. Without speaking rashly of the deeds of princes, one thing is clear, that there are some princes at least who first do what they like, and then try to find some pretext for their deeds", "The Fortnightly Review, Vol. 6 - Henry VIII. and the Campaign of 1513\nAnd in this hurly-burly of human affairs, in the confusion of so many leagues and treaties, who cannot make out a title to what he wants", "The Fortnightly Review, Vol. 6 - Henry VIII. and the Campaign of 1513\n\u201cWe ought to remember that men, and especially Christian men, are free-men. And if for a long time they have flourished under a prince, and now acknowledge him, what need is there that the world should be turned upside down to make a change? If even among the heathen long-continued consent (of the people] makes \u00e0 prince, much more should it be so among Christians, with whom royalty is an administration, not a dominion. .\n\u201cLet the abbot call to mind all that Christ and his apostles said about", "The Fortnightly Review, Vol. 6 - Henry VIII. and the Campaign of 1513\n(1) Brewer, 1849. Notes of a speech in this Parliament.\npeace, and the tolerance of evil ; surely he would bring all his influence to bear upon Prince Charles and the Emperor in favour of a Christian peace among Christian princes.\"?", "The Fortnightly Review, Vol. 6 - Henry VIII. and the Campaign of 1513\nIn writing to Prince de Vere on the same subject, Erasmus had espressed his grief that their common country had become mixed up with the wars, and his wish that he could safely put in writing what he thought upon the subject. Whether safely or not, he had certainly now dared to speak his mind pretty fully in the letter to the Abbot of St. Bertin. And Erasmus had other opportunities of speaking out his mind about the war.", "The Fortnightly Review, Vol. 6 - Henry VIII. and the Campaign of 1513\nThere was a rumour afloat that a Papal ambassador had arrived in England\u2014a Cardinal in disguise. It happened that Erasmus was invited to dine with his friend Ammonius. He went as a man goes to the house of an intimate friend, without ceremony, and expecting to dine with him alone. IIe found, however, another guest at his friend's table\u2014a man in a long robe, his hair bound up in a net, and with a single servant attending him. Erasmus, after saluting his friend, eyed the stranger with some curiosity", "The Fortnightly Review, Vol. 6 - Henry VIII. and the Campaign of 1513\nStruck by the military sternness of the man's look, he asked of Ammonius, in Greek, \u201cWho is he?\" He replied, also in Greek, \u201cA great merchant.\u201d \u201cI thought so,\u201d said Erasmus; and caring to take no further notice of him, they sat down to table, the stranger taking precedence. Erasmus chatted with Ammonius as though they had been alone, and, amongst other things, happened to ask him whether the rumour was true that an ambassador had come from Leo X. to negotiate a peace between England and France", "The Fortnightly Review, Vol. 6 - Henry VIII. and the Campaign of 1513\n\u201cThe Pope,\u201d he continued, \"did not take me into his councils; but if he had, I should not have advised him to propose a peace.\u201d \u201cWhy?\u201d asked Ammonius. \u201cBecause it would not be wise to talk about peace,' replied Erasmus. \u201cWhy?\u201d \u201cBecause a peace cannot be negotiated all at once; and in the mean time, while the monarchs are treating about the conditions, the soldiers, at the very thought of peace,", "The Fortnightly Review, Vol. 6 - Henry VIII. and the Campaign of 1513\nwill be incited to far worse projects than in war itself; whereas by a treer the hands of the soldiery may be tied at once. I should propose a truce of three years, in order that the terms might be arranged of a rally permanent treaty of peace.\u201d Ammonius assented, and said that he thought this was what the ambassador was trying to do. \" Is he a Cardinal?\u201d asked Erasmus. \u201cWhat made you think he was ?\u201d said the other", "The Fortnightly Review, Vol. 6 - Henry VIII. and the Campaign of 1513\n\u201cThe Italians say so?\u201d \u201cAnd how do they know?\u201d asked Ammonius, again fencing with Erasmus's question. \"Is it true that he is a Cardinal ?\u201d repeated Erasmus by-and-by, as though he meant to have a straightforward answer. \u201c His spirit is", "The Fortnightly Review, Vol. 6 - Henry VIII. and the Campaign of 1513\n(1) Eras., Epist. cxliv., and published among \u201cAuctarium Selectarum Aliquot Epistolarum Erasmi,\" &c. Basil, 1518, p. 62. \u00b7 (2) Epist. cxliii."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://edl.byu.edu/webster/term/2358977

Secularism - Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913)

["Secularism - Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913)\nPertaining to this present world, or to things not spiritual or holy; relating to things not immediately or primarily respecting the soul, but the body; worldly. The secular concerns of life respect making provision for the support of life, the preservation of health, the temporal prosperity of men, of states, &c. Secular power is that which superintends and governs the temporal affairs of men, the civil or political power; and is contradistinguished from spiritual or ecclesiastical power.", "Secularism - Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913)\nAmong catholics, not regular; not bound by monastic vows or rules; not confined to a monastery, or subject to the rules of a religious community. Thus we say, the secular clergy, and the regular clergy. \u2013 Temple.", "Secularism - Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913)\nComing once in a century; as, a secular year. Secular games, in Rome, were games celebrated once in an age or century, which lasted three days and nights, with sacrifices, theatrical shows, combats, sports, &c. \u2013 Valerius Maximus. Secular music, any music or songs not adapted to sacred uses. Secular song or poem, a song or poem composed for the secular games, or sung or rehearsed at those games."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://gkscientist.com/invasion-of-nadir-shah/

Invasion of Nadir Shah

["Invasion of Nadir Shah\nNadir Shah (Napoleon of Iran) was one of the greatest rulers of Persia. He was originally a shepherd but by the dint of his merit, he rose to the position of the king of Persia. In 1738-39, he invaded India. In 1738, Kabul, Jalalabad and Peshawar were captured by the Persian invader and Lahore fell in January 1739. When Nadir Shah began his rapid advance towards Delhi, the Mughal Emperor decided to oppose his advance and sent an army under Nizam-ul-Mulk, Qamir-ud-din and Khan-i-dauran to check the invader", "Invasion of Nadir Shah\nSaadat Khan also joined them later. In the ensuing battle fought between the Mughal troops and those of Nadir Shah near Karnal in February 1739, within three hours of the actual engagement the Mughal troops were totally routed and Khan-i-dauran was killed in action. Although Nizam-ul-Mulk was able to persuade Nadir Shah to go back after receiving Rs", "Invasion of Nadir Shah\n50 lakhs, Saadat Khan (of Awadh), who was opposed to the Nizam, suggested to Nadir Shah \u201cto take the emperor, the Nizam and others into custody, march to Delhi and make himself master of the immense treasurers in store there\u201d. Nadir Shah accepted the suggestion and entered Delhi on March 20, 1739.", "Invasion of Nadir Shah\nTwo days after his arrival in Delhi, rumours were spread in the city that Nadir Shah had met with an untimely death or had been seized or imprisoned by the orders of the Emperor. Nobody cared to verify the truth. Mobs collected at various places and attacked the Persian troops and about 300 of them were killed. At first, Nadir Shah refused to believe the reports of the disturbance but when he rode through the streets in Chandni Chowk, a bullet missed him but killed one of his officers", "Invasion of Nadir Shah\nRed with anger, he ordered a general massacre of the inhabitants of Delhi. The Persian soldiers forced their way into shops and houses killing the occupants and looting everything. The money-changers Bazar and the shops of jewellers and merchants were set on fire and destroyed, all the occupants perishing in the flames. No distinction was made between the innocent and the guilty, male and female, old and young. The massacre continued for about six hours", "Invasion of Nadir Shah\nSir Jadunath Sarkar puts the number of those dead at 20,000 besides several hundred women who committed suicide. The streets of Delhi remained littered with corpses for several days till they were burnt with the timber from the wrecked houses. Nadir Shah obtained from the Emperor, his nobles and the people of Delhi about Rs. 70 lacs. Nadir Shah demanded the hand of a Mughal princess for his son Nasrullah and a great grand-daughter of Aurangzeb was married to him", "Invasion of Nadir Shah\nTo celebrate the occasion, Nadir Shah ordered illumination, display of fire-works and other entertainments. All this was done when the people of Delhi were in a state of mourning. The Peacock throne and the Koh-i-Noor diamond of Shah Jahan were seized by Nadir Shah. Likewise, elephants, horses and precious stuff were seized.", "Invasion of Nadir Shah\nNadir Shah left Delhi after a stay of 57 days. Before his departure, he put the crown on the head of Muhammad Shah, the Mughal Emperor who offered to Nadir Shah the provinces of the Mughal Empire West of the river Indus from Kashmir to Sind and in addition the Subah of Thatta and the forts subordinate to it. The view of Sir Wolseley Haig is that the departure of Nadir Shah left the Mughal Emperor and his countries stupefied with the blow which had fallen on them", "Invasion of Nadir Shah\nFor two months, nothing was done or proposed in regard to the state of affairs in the Empire. However, even this blow did not change the attitude of the Mughal Emperor and his courtiers.", "Invasion of Nadir Shah\nNadir Shah\u2019s speedy success revealed the Mughal emperor\u2019s incapacity to defend even his capital and to preserve the integrity of the empire in a sector which was vital to its security. There was a complete exposure of the political, military and moral decay of the Mughal empire. This was not a sudden revelation; the process had started many decades ago, and the disgrace, spoliation and dismemberment which the empire suffered in 1739 was the inevitable effect of creeping paralysis", "Invasion of Nadir Shah\nNadir Shah did not cause the decline of the empire; he merely proved that it was already dead. \u201cHe broke the speel under which men had been regarding a gorgeously dressed corpse as a strong man\u201d.", "Invasion of Nadir Shah\nItaly The Birth Place Of Renaissance\nWrite a short note on Renaissance?\nSubsidiary Alliance- Merits And Demerits\nDoctrine Of Lapse- Lord Dalhousie\nRevolt Of 1857\nEarly Indian Nationalism\nCauses For The Rise Of Extremism\nFrom Janapadas to Empire\u2013 NIOS\nThe Mountbatten Plan or The June Third Plan (1947)\nGupta Art and Architecture\nModern Indian History GK Part 2"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://abcnews.go.com/US/CrimeBlotter/story?id=354660&page=1

Crime Blotter: Attack of the Bad Santa

["Crime Blotter: Attack of the Bad Santa\nCrime Blotter: Attack of the Bad Santa\nDec. 23, 2004 -- -- Holiday shoppers vent some Christmas rage over a parking spot; Santa Claus attacks an elderly woman with a 2-by-4 in Atlanta; and a so-called \"Santa Claus burglar\" gets stuck in a chimney. The real Santa is making a list and checking it twice in the North Pole. If he's consulting the holiday edition of \"The Crime Blotter,\" he'll find some people have been naughty and not very nice.", "Crime Blotter: Attack of the Bad Santa\nWEST HARTFORD, Conn. -- Three holiday shoppers were not feeling Christmas cheer as they duked it out over a parking space at a shopping center.\nPolice in West Hartford said three people were arrested on Dec. 19 after a melee erupted when a parking space opened up in a crowded parking lot at Corbins Corner Shopping Center. When the parking space became available, two cars vied for the spot.", "Crime Blotter: Attack of the Bad Santa\nPolice said a woman driving one car threw an orange peel at the other car. Angry words were exchanged and three people then jumped out of both cars and began to tussle.\nNo one was injured, but authorities said Luz Alicea, 43, Julia Baldini, 22, and a 16-year-old girl were charged with breach of peace. Santa may have a lump of coal waiting for them in their Christmas stockings.", "Crime Blotter: Attack of the Bad Santa\nATLANTA -- A man dressed as Santa Claus didn't behave like St. Nick at all when he allegedly attacked a 74-year-old woman with a 2-by-4 board at a shopping mall.\nOn Dec. 10, police said, Elkin Donnie Clarke, 49, hit Annie Ruth Nelson in the face and head with the board, knocking her unconscious. When a second woman, Aisha Albritton, intervened and tried to keep Clarke from further striking Nelson, he threatened her with the board, authorities said.", "Crime Blotter: Attack of the Bad Santa\nBefore Clarke was arrested, he was seen taking off a Santa hat and red shirt in an alleged attempt to get rid of evidence, police said. Clarke told police Nelson had taken 29 sealed boxes of Hershey's chocolates worth $145 from him, but officials said no witnesses could confirm his claim.\nThe Santa with the 2-by-4 was charged with two counts of aggravated assault.", "Crime Blotter: Attack of the Bad Santa\nLONG BEACH, Calif. -- A would-be burglar was caught in the act when he tried to enter a home through the chimney and got stuck, authorities said.\nThe suspect, dubbed \"The Santa Claus Burglar\" by Long Beach authorities, was not ho-ho-hoing but screaming for about half an hour in the early morning hours on Nov. 20 before someone heard him and called the fire department. Firefighters pulled him out with a rope.", "Crime Blotter: Attack of the Bad Santa\nNo one was home at the residence the so-called Santa Claus Burglar allegedly tried to enter. Police did not release \"Santa's\" real name, but said the 19-year-old had two female helpers who were found on the roof.\nSanta and his alleged helpers faced attempted burglary charges. And poor Rudolph turned red with embarrassment."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://culturaii2011.blogspot.com/

Culture & Civilization of English Speaking Countries II

["Culture & Civilization of English Speaking Countries II\nCulture & Civilization of English Speaking Countries II\nThe Political Theories\nJohn Locke and Thomas Hobbes\nJohn Locke was a British philosopher, Oxford academic and medical researcher, and revolutionary whose cause ultimately triumphed in the Glorious Revolution of 1688. Much of Locke's work is characterized by opposition to authoritarianism. This opposition is both on the level of the individual person and on the level of institutions such as government and church.", "Culture & Civilization of English Speaking Countries II\nFor the individual, Locke wants each of us to use reason to search after truth rather than simply accept the opinion of authorities or be subject to superstition. He wants us to proportion assent to propositions to the evidence for them. On the level of institutions it becomes important to distinguish the legitimate from the illegitimate functions of institutions and to make the corresponding distinction for the uses of force by these institutions", "Culture & Civilization of English Speaking Countries II\nThe positive side of Locke's anti-authoritarianism is that he believes that using reason to try to grasp the truth and determining the legitimate functions of institutions will optimize human flourishing for the individual and society both in respect to its material and spiritual welfare.", "Culture & Civilization of English Speaking Countries II\nThis in turn, amounts to following natural law and the fulfillment of the divine purpose for humanity. Locke's monumental An Essay Concerning Human Understanding concerns itself with determining the limits of human understanding in respect to God, the self, natural kinds and artifacts, as well as a variety of different kinds of ideas. We can, he thinks, know with certainty that God exists", "Culture & Civilization of English Speaking Countries II\nWe can also know about morality with the same precision we know about mathematics, because we are the creators of moral and political ideas.", "Culture & Civilization of English Speaking Countries II\nIn regard to natural substances we can know only the appearances and not the underlying realities which produce those appearances. It thus tells us in some detail what one can legitimately claim to know and what one cannot. Locke also wrote a variety of important political, religious and educational works including the Two Treatises of Government, the Letters Concerning Toleration, The Reasonableness of Christianity and Some Thoughts Concerning Education. (http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/locke/)", "Culture & Civilization of English Speaking Countries II\nLocke's Two Treatises of Civil Government was published after the Glorious Revolution of 1688 brought William of Orange and Mary to the throne, but they were written in the throes of the Whig revolutionary plots against Charles II in the early 1680s. In this work Locke gives us a theory of natural law and natural rights which he uses to distinguish between legitimate and illegitimate civil governments, and to argue for the legitimacy of revolt against tyrannical governments.", "Culture & Civilization of English Speaking Countries II\nLocke wrote on a variety of other topics. Among the most important of these is toleration. Henry VIII had created a Church of England when he broke with Rome. This Church was the official religion of England. Catholics and dissenting Protestants, e.g. Quakers, Unitarians and so forth, were subject to legal prosecution. During much of the Restoration period there was debate, negotiation and maneuvering to include dissenting Protestants within the Church of England", "Culture & Civilization of English Speaking Countries II\nIn a \"Letter Concerning Toleration\" and several defenses of that letter Locke argues for a separation between church and state. (http://oregonstate.edu/instruct/phl302/philosophers/locke.html)", "Culture & Civilization of English Speaking Countries II\nIn Two Treatises of Government he has two purposes in view: to refute the doctrine of the divine and absolute right of the Monarch, as it had been put forward by Robert Filmer's Patriarcha, and to establish a theory which would reconcile the liberty of the citizen with political order. The criticism of Filmer in the first Treatise is complete", "Culture & Civilization of English Speaking Countries II\nHis theory of the absolute sovereignty of Adam, and so of kings as Adam's heirs, has lost all interest; and Locke's argument has been only too effective: his exhaustive reply to so absurd a thesis becomes itself wearisome.", "Culture & Civilization of English Speaking Countries II\nAlthough there is little direct reference to Hobbes, Locke seems to have had Hobbes in mind when he argued that the doctrine of absolute monarchy leaves sovereign and subjects in the state of nature towards one another. The constructive doctrines which are elaborated in the second treatise became the basis of social and political philosophy for generations.", "Culture & Civilization of English Speaking Countries II\nLabor is the origin and justification of property; contract or consent is the ground of government and fixes its limits. Behind both doctrines lies the idea of the independence of the individual person. The state of nature knows no government; but in it, as in political society, men are subject to the moral law, which is the law of God. Men are born free and equal in rights. Whatever a man \"mixes his labour with\" is his to use", "Culture & Civilization of English Speaking Countries II\nOr, at least, this was so in the primitive condition of human life in which there was enough for all and \"the whole earth was America.\"", "Culture & Civilization of English Speaking Countries II\nLocke sees that, when men have multiplied and land has become scarce, rules are needed beyond those which the moral law or law of nature supplies. But the origin of government is traced not to this economic necessity, but to another cause. The moral law is always valid, but it is not always kept. In the state of nature all men equally have the right to punish transgressors: civil society originates when, for the better administration of the law, men agree to delegate this function to certain officers", "Culture & Civilization of English Speaking Countries II\nThus government is instituted by a \"social contract\"; its powers are limited, and they involve reciprocal obligations; moreover, they can be modified or rescinded by the authority which conferred them. Locke's theory is thus no more historical than Hobbes's", "Culture & Civilization of English Speaking Countries II\nIt is a rendering of the facts of constitutional government in terms of thought, and it served its purpose as a justification of the Revolution settlement in accordance with the ideas of the time.( (http://www.utm.edu/research/iep/l/locke.htm#Two%20Treatises%20of%20Government)", "Culture & Civilization of English Speaking Countries II\nDecades after completing his traditional education as a classicist at Oxford and serving as tutor of William Cavendish, Thomas Hobbes became convinced that the methods employed by mathematicians and scientists\u2014geometry, in particular\u2014hold the greatest promise for advances in human knowledge", "Culture & Civilization of English Speaking Countries II\nVoluntarily exiled to Holland during the years of Parliamentary Rule, the royalist Hobbes devoted much of his time to the development and expression of a comprehensive philosophical vision of the mechanistic operation of nature. Although he returned to England with the restoration of Charles II, Hobbes was for the remainder of his life embroiled in bitter political and religious controversies. They did not prevent the ninety-year-old Hobbes from completing his English translation of the works of Homer.", "Culture & Civilization of English Speaking Countries II\nHobbes's first systematic statement of a political philosophy, Elements of Law, Natural and Politic (1640), relies heavily upon the conception of natural law that had dominated the tradition from Aquinas to Grotius. But his views had begun to change by the time he reissued portions of his work in a Latin version known as De Cive (1642).", "Culture & Civilization of English Speaking Countries II\nThe Leviathan (1651) is the most complete expression of Hobbes's philosophy. It begins with a clearly materialistic account of human nature and knowledge, a rigidly deterministic account of human volition, and a pessimistic vision of the consequently natural state of human beings in perpetual struggle against each other. It is to escape this grim fate, Hobbes argued, that we form the commonwealth, surrendering our individual powers to the authority of an absolute sovereign", "Culture & Civilization of English Speaking Countries II\nFor Hobbes, then, individual obedience to even an arbitrary government is necessary in order to forestall the greater evil of an endless state of war. http://www.philosophypages.com/ph/hobb.htm)", "Culture & Civilization of English Speaking Countries II\nLeviathan (1651) was clearly Hobbes's masterpiece. Man is not naturally good, Hobbes claimed, but naturally a selfish hedonist -- \"of the voluntary acts of every man, the object is some good to himself\". As human motives were, in their natural state, guided by unenlightened self-interest, these could, if left unchecked, have highly destructive consequences. Left unrestrained, humans, propelled by their internal dynamics, would crash against each other", "Culture & Civilization of English Speaking Countries II\nHobbes tried to envision what society would be like in a \"state of nature\" -- before any civil state or rule of law. His conclusion was dispiriting: life would be \"solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short\", a \"war of every man against every man\".", "Culture & Civilization of English Speaking Countries II\nNonetheless, as all people are equal (in a physical not a moral sense), possessing a passionate love of survival (right of nature) and some degree of rationality (law of nature); Hobbes concluded that a viable, working society would arise as equilibrium between these competing forces. The logic is simple. Any person's right of nature justifies violence against everybody else", "Culture & Civilization of English Speaking Countries II\nConsequently, in the interests of personal survival, people will come around to agreeing that they should renounce their right to use violence. However, this yields up a tense and unstable equilibrium. The moment one party deviates from their promise, all will deviate and war restarts.", "Culture & Civilization of English Speaking Countries II\nTo keep society going with peace and confidence, then an artifice -- a Leviathan -- must be worked into the social contract. This Leviathan is the State -- whether in the form of an absolute monarch or a democratic parliament, it does not matter. The important point is that the State will be given a monopoly on violence and absolute authority", "Culture & Civilization of English Speaking Countries II\nIn return, the State promises to exercise its absolute power to maintain a state of peace (by punishing deviants, etc.) Realizing that its power depends wholly on the willingness of the citizenry to surrender theirs, the State itself will have an incentive not to abuse it. Of course, there is no guarantee that it won't. But when it does, it must brace itself for the consequences.", "Culture & Civilization of English Speaking Countries II\nOne of the interesting elements of Hobbes's story is that concepts like morality, liberty, justice, property, etc. have no natural, intrinsic or eternal meaning. They are pure social constructions. They are generated and imposed by the Leviathan, through his laws and institutions, to keep war and social disorder at bay. As history has shown, no set of values will last forever but will evolve as circumstances change.", "Culture & Civilization of English Speaking Countries II\nHobbes is particularly keen to note that law itself is completely dependent on power. A law without a credible and powerful authority behind it is just simply not a law in any meaningful sense. Hobbes is thus one of the progenitors of \"legal positivism\", i.e. that justice is whatever the law says it is. An \"unjust law\" is simply an oxymoron.", "Culture & Civilization of English Speaking Countries II\nIn the context of the age, Hobbes's theory seemed to argue that Parliament's rebellion was illegitimate as long as Charles was king. But once the head of King Charles I fell, then all rebellion against the Parliament becomes illegitimate. For Hobbes, power legitimates, power is justice. The State -- whatever its form -- is always, by definition, right, as long as it is capable of maintaining civil peace.( http://cepa.newschool.edu/het/profiles/hobbes.htm)\nLocke versus Hobbes", "Culture & Civilization of English Speaking Countries II\nMan is by nature a social animal.\nMan is not by nature a social animal, society could not exist except by the power of the state.\nThe state of nature", "Culture & Civilization of English Speaking Countries II\nIn the state of nature men mostly kept their promises and honored their obligations, and, though insecure, it was mostly peaceful, good, and pleasant. He quotes the American frontier and Soldania as examples of people in the state of nature, where property rights and (for the most part) peace existed. Princes are in a state of nature with regard to each other. Rome and Venice were in a state of nature shortly before they were officially founded", "Culture & Civilization of English Speaking Countries II\nIn any place where it is socially acceptable to oneself punish wrongdoings done against you, for example on the American frontier, people are in a state of nature. Though such places and times are insecure, violent conflicts are often ended by the forcible imposition of a just peace on evil doers, and peace is normal.", "Culture & Civilization of English Speaking Countries II\nno society; and which is worst of all, continual fear, and danger of violent death; and the life of man, solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short.\nKnowledge of natural law\nHumans know what is right and wrong, and are capable of knowing what is lawful and unlawful well enough to resolve conflicts. In particular, and most importantly, they are capable of telling the difference between what is theirs and what belongs to someone else. Regrettably they do not always act in accordance with this knowledge.", "Culture & Civilization of English Speaking Countries II\nOur knowledge of objective, true answers on such questions is so feeble, so slight and imperfect as to be mostly worthless in resolving practical disputes. In a state of nature people cannot know what is theirs and what is someone else's. Property exists solely by the will of the state, thus in a state of nature men are condemned to endless violent conflict. In practice morality is for the most part merely a command by some person or group or God, and law merely the momentary will of the ruler.", "Culture & Civilization of English Speaking Countries II\nThe gap between our ideas and words about the world, and the world itself, is large and difficult, but still, if one man calls something good, while another man calls it evil, the deed or man referred to still has real qualities of good or evil, the categories exist in the world regardless of our names for them, and if one man's word does not correspond to another mans word, this a problem of communication, not fundamental arbitrariness in reality.", "Culture & Civilization of English Speaking Countries II\nIt is the naming, that makes it so. Sometimes Hobbes comes close to the Stalinist position that truth itself is merely the will of the ruler.\nPeace is the norm, and should be the norm. We can and should live together in peace by refraining from molesting each other's property and persons, and for the most part we do.", "Culture & Civilization of English Speaking Countries II\nMen cannot know good and evil, and in consequence can only live in peace together by subjection to the absolute power of a common master, and therefore there can be no peace between kings. Peace between states is merely war by other means.\nThe Social Contract\nWe give up our right to ourselves exact retribution for crimes in return for impartial justice backed by overwhelming force. We retain the right to life and liberty, and gain the right to just, impartial protection of our property", "Culture & Civilization of English Speaking Countries II\nIf you shut up and do as you are told, you have the right not to be killed\nViolation of the social contract\nIf a ruler seeks absolute power, if he acts both as judge and participant in disputes, he puts himself in a state of war with his subjects and we have the right and the duty to kill such rulers and their servants.", "Culture & Civilization of English Speaking Countries II\nNo right to rebel. The ruler's will defines good and evil for his subjects. The King can do no wrong, because lawful and unlawful, good and evil, are merely commands, merely the will of the ruler.\nCivil society precedes the state, both morally and historically. Society creates order and grants the state legitimacy.", "Culture & Civilization of English Speaking Countries II\nCivil society is the application of force by the state to uphold contracts and so forth. Civil society is a creation of the state. What most modern people would call civil society is \"jostling\", pointless conflict and pursuit of selfish ends that a good government should suppress.\nMen have rights by their nature\nYou conceded your rights to the government, in return for your life\nRole of the State\nThe only important role of the state is to ensure that justice is seen to be done", "Culture & Civilization of English Speaking Countries II\nWhatever the state does is just by definition. All of society is a direct creation of the state, and a reflection of the will of the ruler.\nAuthorized use of force\nAuthorization is meaningless, except that the authorization gives us reason to believe that the use of force is just. If authorization does not give us such confidence, perhaps because the state itself is a party to the dispute, or because of past lawless acts and abuses by the state, then we are back in a state of nature.", "Culture & Civilization of English Speaking Countries II\nThe concept of just use of force is meaningless or cannot be known. Just use of force is whatever force is authorized\nPosted by Prof. Beatriz Crosa at 9:38 PM 2 comments:\nThe Political Theories John Locke and Thomas Hobb...\nLocke and Hobbes, two contrasting views of the Eng...\nUK 1600s Diggers English Civil War\nProf. Beatriz Crosa"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://brandequity.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/business-of-brands/the-family-feud-kirloskar-brothers-firms-spar-over-130-year-old-legacy/84814785

Kirloskar brothers' firms spar over 130-year-old legacy

["Kirloskar brothers' firms spar over 130-year-old legacy\nThe family feud: Kirloskar brothers' firms spar over 130-year-old legacy\nKBL's letter to Sebi said it is \"clearly a misrepresentation and is misleading\" as KOEL, KIL, KPCL and KFIL were incorporated in 2009, 1978, 1974 and 1991 respectively and do not \"have nor can it claim to have a 130-year-old legacy\"...\nPublished On Jul 28, 2021 at 11:29 AM IST\nFrom left to right: Sanjay Kirloskar, Atul Kirloskar and Rahul Kirloskar", "Kirloskar brothers' firms spar over 130-year-old legacy\nKirloskar Brothers Ltd (KBL), led by Sanjay Kirloskar, on Tuesday accused four firms under his brothers Atul and Rahul of trying to \"usurp\" its legacy of 130 years and trying to mislead the public, which has been refuted by the other side. On July 16, five firms led by brothers Atul and Rahul Kirloskar had announced a 'refresh' exercise of their respective businesses, with an eye on evolving from engineering-led firms into customer-focussed solution providers.", "Kirloskar brothers' firms spar over 130-year-old legacy\nThey had stated that \"Kirloskar's 'Limitless' mission transforms Kirloskar Oil Engines Ltd., Kirloskar Chillers Pvt Ltd., Kirloskar Pneumatic Company Ltd., Kirloskar Ferrous Industries Ltd., and Kirloskar Industries Ltd.\"", "Kirloskar brothers' firms spar over 130-year-old legacy\nAnnouncing a refreshed brand identity and colours, these firms had also adopted a new 'Kirloskar' logo which has \"elements of human-centricity and future-readiness, the colours allude to the legacy that the 130-year-old name carries, and the years put in to fulfil the dreams of those it has touched.\"", "Kirloskar brothers' firms spar over 130-year-old legacy\nKBL's letter to Sebi said it is \"clearly a misrepresentation and is misleading\" as KOEL, KIL, KPCL and KFIL were incorporated in 2009, 1978, 1974 and 1991 respectively and do not \"have nor can it claim to have a 130-year-old legacy\".\nResponding to the allegations, the Kirloskar Industries Ltd (KIL) spokesperson said, \"The reference to '130 year' is to the \"name\" \"Kirloskar\" and not to any entity or organisation.\"\nWatch | Kirloskar's 'Limitless' identity", "Kirloskar brothers' firms spar over 130-year-old legacy\nAs the family feud simmers, KBL in a letter to capital markets regulator Sebi claimed that recent press releases by Kirloskar Oil Engines Ltd (KOEL), Kirloskar Industries Ltd (KIL), Kirloskar Pneumatic Company Ltd (KPCL) and Kirloskar Ferrous Industries Ltd (KFIL) \"have sought to usurp the legacy\" of KBL.\nAlso, they attempted to pass off the legacy and track record of KBL as that of their own, the letter said.", "Kirloskar brothers' firms spar over 130-year-old legacy\nThe spokesperson of KIL said the letter by KBL to Sebi \"contains a large number of factual inaccuracies and mis-statements.\"\n\"Nothing contained in the entire Press Release even remotely makes any reference to KBL let alone \"attempting to pass off the legacy and track record of Kirloskar Brothers Limited as that of their own\",\" the spokesperson added.", "Kirloskar brothers' firms spar over 130-year-old legacy\nKBL also contested the claim by these firms which stated that \"the conglomerate has been an integral part of India's industrial revolution\", saying the one which has a 130-year-old legacy is KBL, \"which was a pioneer in the industrial revolution in India\".", "Kirloskar brothers' firms spar over 130-year-old legacy\nHowever, the KIL spokesperson said,\"...since each of these companies form a part of the Kirloskar Group that was founded by Mr. Laxmanrao Kashinath Kirloskar and hence the press release that 'The conglomerate has been an integral part of India's industrial revolution' is by no stretch of imagination \"a clear misrepresentation and tantamounts to conveying misleading information\" as alleged or at all.\"", "Kirloskar brothers' firms spar over 130-year-old legacy\nIn the letter to Sebi, KBL also accused the four firms of unauthorised usage of the tag \"rich legacy extending over a span of 130 years\" by taking it from its website.\nKBL further said KIL is \"not entitled to be a licensee of the trademark and copyright 'Kirloskar', since it is not a shareholder of Kirloskar Proprietary Limited (KPL), and which is a condition precedent for KPL to license its marks to any persons.\"", "Kirloskar brothers' firms spar over 130-year-old legacy\nRefuting the allegation, the KIL spokesperson said, \"We would also like to note that KIL has been duly licensed by Kirloskar Proprietary Limited (KPL), the owner of the mark \"Kirloskar\", for using the trademark and copyright \"Kirloskar\", after having complied with all requisite conditions for grant of such licence by KPL.\"", "Kirloskar brothers' firms spar over 130-year-old legacy\nAlleging \"gross misrepresentations and misleading statements deliberately made by each of KOEL, KIL, KPCL and KFIL in their respective intimations\", KBL asked the market regulator to \"immediately initiate necessary corrective steps and actions, including passing cease and desist orders against\" these companies.\nIt further said Sebi \"should forthwith initiate action against them, penalise them, call upon them to withdraw their intimations and issue corrective statements...\"", "Kirloskar brothers' firms spar over 130-year-old legacy\nThe company also said the corrected statements by the four companies should be \"directed to be placed on the websites of the BSE and the NSE, so as to correct any misimpression created in the minds of the investor community, the general public and the market.\"", "Kirloskar brothers' firms spar over 130-year-old legacy\nKBL further said it is \"separately taking necessary steps\" with the Advertising Standards Council of India with regards to advertisements issued by the four companies \"which contain misrepresentations and misleading statements, and are seeking to usurp the 130-year-rich legacy of our company\".", "Kirloskar brothers' firms spar over 130-year-old legacy\nEarlier this month, the feud over the deed of family settlement over the assets of the more than 130-year-old Kirloskar group reached the Supreme Court, with Sanjay Kirloskar, CMD of Kirloskar Brothers Ltd, knocking at the doors of the apex court against an order of the Bombay High Court that had relegated the dispute to arbitration.\n(With PTI inputs)\nKirloskar Oil Engines Ltd.\nBombay high court\nKirloskar Industries Ltd.\nSanjay Kirloskar\nAtul Kirloskar\nRahul Kirloskar\nBrand Legacy"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

http://yesnepalonline.com/pro/detail/black-mahakala-thangka

Black Mahakala Thangka - The Protector of Wisdom

["Black Mahakala Thangka - The Protector of Wisdom\nBlack Mahakala is an aspect of Mahakala, one of the eight great Dharmasalas, or Dharma Defenders. Also known as the Protector of Wisdom, Mahakala is a wrathful deity who courageously protects the Buddhist teachings and those who study them from harm and evil forces. Despite Mahakala's always terrifying appearance, he is a Bodhisattva, an embodiment of compassion who acts for the benefit of all sentient beings", "Black Mahakala Thangka - The Protector of Wisdom\nHis function is to avert the inner and outer obstacles that prevent practitioners from attaining spiritual realizations, as well as to foster the necessary conditions for their practice. It is said that by simply making a wish for protection to Mahakala, a sincere seeker's needs will be met.", "Black Mahakala Thangka - The Protector of Wisdom\nMahakala is depicted in a number of variations, each with different qualities and accoutrements. In most depictions, such as this one of his Black aspect, he wears a crown of five skulls. These skulls represent his transmutation of the five poisons (greed, hatred, ignorance, pride, and jealousy) into the five transcendent wisdoms. He is seen standing on the corpse of the elephant-headed god Ganesh, demostrating that he is the supreme destroyer of obstacles", "Black Mahakala Thangka - The Protector of Wisdom\nHis color Black further signifies his function of destroying evil and obstructions to the spiritual path. He is considered to be a fierce and wrathful aspect of Avalokiteshvara, Lord of Compassion. He has six arms, symbolizing his attainment of the six perfections of a Bodhisattva. His two feet represent wisdom and method. In his upper right hand he holds a rosary of human skulls, which he continuously counts, demonstrating his unceasing activity for the benefit of sentient beings", "Black Mahakala Thangka - The Protector of Wisdom\nIn his lower right hand he holds a ritual drum, or damaru , which he uses to invoke all Buddhas to bless sentient beings, and whose sound is likened to the beautiful sound of the Dharma teachings. His upper left hand holds a trident, symbolizing his abandonment of the imprints of delusions of the three realms. His lower left hand holds a lasso, indicating his power to bind demons and evil forces", "Black Mahakala Thangka - The Protector of Wisdom\nHis two main hands hold a ritual curved knife, representing his ability to sever the root of delusion, and a skull bowl brimming with the blood of the four maras, symbolizing his realization of emptiness and his victory over the forces of death."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.artliteracyacademy.com/single-post/c64a021a

"The Life and Art of Renoir: From Impressionism to the Emergence of Modern Art"

["The Life and Art of Renoir: From Impressionism to the Emergence of Modern Art\nRenoir was born in Limoges, France in 1841. In his early life he was appreciated more for his singing than for his drawing. He took music lessons until his family encountered financial difficulties, which forced him to leave school and begin work as a painter in a porcelain factory. As a young man Renoir moved to Paris, entered the Ecole des Beaux-Arts. He lived close to the Louvre, where he enjoyed studying the works of the Old Masters", "The Life and Art of Renoir: From Impressionism to the Emergence of Modern Art\nRenoir was also inspired by the style and subject matter of the modern painters Camille Pissarro and \u00c9douard Manet. In 1869 Renoir began sketching beside the water at La Grenouille, outside Paris, with Claude Monet. This was a turning point in a moment in the history of art as the two men simultaneously developed several of the theories, techniques and practices that would give rise to Impressionism", "The Life and Art of Renoir: From Impressionism to the Emergence of Modern Art\nRenoir's work signaled a change in art and society. He often represented the emerging middle class in scenes that were about pleasurable occasions and leisure activities. He painted figures in fashionable dress, positioning his models in modern settings: crowded boulevards, caf\u00e9s, theaters, sun-dappled parks, and elegantly appointed domestic interiors. Suzanne Valadon posed for numerous paintings that are some of his greatest works", "The Life and Art of Renoir: From Impressionism to the Emergence of Modern Art\nShe studied his techniques and went on to become one of the few successful women artists of the era. (See her post on this blog archive)", "The Life and Art of Renoir: From Impressionism to the Emergence of Modern Art\nHe evolved a technique of broken brushstrokes and used bold combinations of pure complementary colors, to capture the light and movement of his landscapes and figure subjects. He attempted to capture the play of light and a fleeting moment. Renoir\u2019s paintings became popular with the Parisian elite, and he became a sought-after painter with numerous patrons.", "The Life and Art of Renoir: From Impressionism to the Emergence of Modern Art\nDuring the 1870s Renoir traveled to Algeria, becoming the only one of the Impressionists to experience the region first-hand. From Algeria he traveled to Madrid to study the paintings of Vel\u00e1zquez, before heading to Italy where he studied the masterpieces by Raphael, Titian and other Renaissance masters.", "The Life and Art of Renoir: From Impressionism to the Emergence of Modern Art\nIn 1890, Renoir married Aline Victorine Charigot, a model for one of the figures in Luncheon of the Boating Party (1880-81). Together they had three sons, creating one of France\u2019s great cultural legacies: The actor Pierre Renoir, the renowned film director Jean Renoir, ceramic artist Claude Renoir and grandson, Claude Renoir the filmmaker.", "The Life and Art of Renoir: From Impressionism to the Emergence of Modern Art\nFrom 1907 Renoir, who was in ill health, like so many artists and writers, he headed south to Provence and spent his winters along the Mediterranean coast. It was here that he befriended the young Henri Matisse who was a frequent visitor. Renoir was so passionate about painting that he continued when he was old and suffering from severe arthritis. Renoir expressed, \u201cif painting were not a pleasure to me, I should certainly not do it\u201d.", "The Life and Art of Renoir: From Impressionism to the Emergence of Modern Art\nRejected by critics and the Salons of Paris, and an outsider for many years, he lived to see his work hang in the Louvre along with the Masters. Renoir's paintings and sculptures are in many major museum collections, and he became one of the most collected and reproduced artists in the history of art.\nThis week the classes were inspired by a Renoir landscape and a bouquet of Roses.\nI chose Renoir as the artist of the week, as we", "The Life and Art of Renoir: From Impressionism to the Emergence of Modern Art\nbegan our Spring lessons. The students selected either a landscape or still life to be inspired by.\nOil pastels were used to achieve bright colors and the textures closest to his oil paintings.\nAfter laying in the horizon line and background colors, layers of detail were then applied. Many of the Saturday students were new to the class and they were so enthusiastic and did some lovely pieces."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://manometcurrent.com/return-of-the-opposition-to-the-electoral-scene/

Return of the opposition to the electoral scene

["Return of the opposition to the electoral scene\nCaracas. Another election ended in Venezuela. This time it was regional, to elect 23 governors, 335 mayors, 253 state legislators and 2,471 councilors, in a contest crossed by developments, mainly two: the participation of almost all of the opposition, and the presence of international missions previously absent observers, such as the European Union, the Carter Center, the United Nations, in addition to the presence of, for example, Parlasur and the Latin American Council of Electoral Experts.", "Return of the opposition to the electoral scene\nThe vote in Caracas, capital and center of political power, was marked by a calm that showed two elements. On the one hand, it showed the general context of the current political conflict in the country, and the progressive return of most of the forces to the electoral scene. We have managed to direct our differences by voting and only in this way will we be able to resolve them, settle them, said Jorge Arreaza, former Foreign Minister and current Minister of Industries and National Production.", "Return of the opposition to the electoral scene\n\u201cLet\u2019s go out and vote, the time of the guarimbas, of the street protests, has already died, that what left was blood, that we have to say goodbye to waiting for a coup, the time has come to say goodbye to asking for sanctions, to be telling the other countries of the world to come to invade Venezuela, it is Venezuelans who have to solve our problems, and we are going to solve our problems during the electoral process, \u201dsaid Bernab\u00e9 Guti\u00e9rrez, from Acci\u00f3n Democr\u00e1tica (AD), an opposition party that is divided between its leadership and that of Henry Ramos Allup, with a dispute over the ownership of the party card.", "Return of the opposition to the electoral scene\nThe calm in the streets during election day put on the table, on the other hand, the possibility of a high abstention, in the continuity of what happened in the 2020 legislative election, when 30.7 percent of the electoral roll came to vote", "Return of the opposition to the electoral scene\nThe element of participation was one of the central factors of analysis during the day, since a low participation would be the reaffirmation of a political scenario marked by the erosion and social distancing of political representations, while a higher participation than that of 2020 on the contrary, it would indicate a reversal of this trend.", "Return of the opposition to the electoral scene\nThe contest was marked at the end of the afternoon by a complaint headed by Henrique Capriles Radonski, who pointed out the existence of a serious irregularity in almost the entire national territory, due to the fact that, he affirmed, several polling stations remained open despite having finished the voting time and there are no queues of voters waiting to vote", "Return of the opposition to the electoral scene\nAbstention, that is, the levels of participation are not occurring in those who want change, the serious problem of non-participation is faced by the lords of the ruling party, that is, Maduro and his party affirmed, and, for that reason, irregularities would have existed.", "Return of the opposition to the electoral scene\nThis complaint occurred within the framework of a conference with few cases of incidents, such as the one that occurred in the state of Zulia, on the border with Colombia, where a man was killed by firearm. The fact was, in the version of opposition actors, the product of armed groups, something that was denied by the Minister of Internal Relations, Justice and Peace, Remigio Ceballos, who affirmed that it was a criminal act isolated from the electoral process", "Return of the opposition to the electoral scene\nDiosdado Cabello, vice president of the United Socialist Party of Venezuela (PSUV), said, for his part: the acts of violence the security organizations are working on.", "Return of the opposition to the electoral scene\nIt is expected that starting this Monday, with the results of the vote, the different reports of the missions and international oversight will take place. In this regard, President Nicol\u00e1s Maduro highlighted the importance of the presence in the country of electoral centers, centers of intellectuals, centers of experts, from Latin America, the Caribbean, the United States, Europe, Africa, Asia.", "Return of the opposition to the electoral scene\nIn this context, he pointed out that the mission of the European Union is one more oversight, all observers, international companions must respect the laws of Venezuela, the Constitution, and must respect the regulations of the Electoral Power that invited them", "Return of the opposition to the electoral scene\nThe only thing I would say to the oversight of the European Union, have the humility of observers from other countries, to this day they have behaved up to the task, respecting the Constitution and the laws, I hope this is the case until the end of their term. mission, hopefully", "Return of the opposition to the electoral scene\nHis statements came after different alarms from members of the government and the PSUV, such as Cabello, that the European Electoral Observation Mission could have come with a report already prepared with the intention of delegitimizing the regional elections in the country.", "Return of the opposition to the electoral scene\nThe elections will result in an update of the regional and national political power map that, so far, has been under the majority of Chavismo with 19 of the 23 governorships", "Return of the opposition to the electoral scene\nIt is also expected that after the electoral event there may be announcements about the suspended dialogues in Mexico, although Maduro affirmed yesterday that they were suspended because the United States stabbed the dialogue in the back, and that there are no conditions to install it yet because They have to answer for that kidnapping (that of Alex Saab, a Colombian businessman and Venezuelan diplomat extradited from Cape Verde to Miami), and as soon as we believe that there are conditions, we will announce it to the country in that way.", "Return of the opposition to the electoral scene\nPrevious: Previous post: How to connect PlayStation 5 DualSense controller to Android with PS Remote Play\nNext post: Next: This tool protects your private data while you browse"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

http://www.enzb.auckland.ac.nz/document/?wid=2950&page=0&action=null

Geological Report on the Thames Gold Fields by F. W. Hutton

["Geological Report on the Thames Gold Fields by F. W. Hutton\n1867? - Hutton, F. W. Geological Report on the Thames Gold Fields - Geological Report on the Thames Gold Fields, p 1-12\nGEOLOGlCAL REPORT ON THE THAMES GOLD FIELDS\n[Image of page 1]\nGEOLOGlCAL REPORT\nTHE THAMES GOLD FIELDS,\nCAPTAIN HUTTON, F.G.S.\nGeological Survey Office and Colonial Museum,\n(No. 152-67.) Wellington, 23rd September, 1867.\nSIR,--", "Geological Report on the Thames Gold Fields by F. W. Hutton\nI HAVE the honor to forward, for the information of the Hon. the Colonial Secretary, the Report of Captain Hutton on the Karaka Gold Field, in the Thames District of the Province of Auckland, obtained in accordance with the authority conveyed in your letter of the 28th August last, No. 67-2796.", "Geological Report on the Thames Gold Fields by F. W. Hutton\nThis Report, I consider, proves satisfactorily the existence, in the district referred to, of gold-bearing formations similar in their nature to those at Coromandel and that, in forming an estimate of the extent to which they are capable of development, the experience of the diggings at that place should be taken as a guide.\nThe appended extract from my instructions to Captain Hutton expresses my own views on the structure of the adjoining district, founded on observations made in 1864 and 1866.", "Geological Report on the Thames Gold Fields by F. W. Hutton\nThe association of gold with volcanic rocks belonging to the tertiary period, near the point where they have been erupted through the older palaeozoic slates, has a very important bearing on the question of the occurrence of gold in the interior of the North Island, as there is a probability that many other localities besides the Cape Colville Peninsula will prove auriferous to a similar extent.", "Geological Report on the Thames Gold Fields by F. W. Hutton\nI see no reason, however, to expect any extensive alluvial diggings in the Karaka District, or that it will afford a field for the employment of a large mining population.\nI have, &c.,\nJAMES HECTOR.\nThe Under Colonial Secretary.\nEXTRACT FROM DR. HECTOR'S INSTRUCTIONS.", "Geological Report on the Thames Gold Fields by F. W. Hutton\nThe range which separates the Thames Valley from the Bay of Plenty, I found to consist of a nucleus of aphanite slates, interbedded with green brecciated and greywacke slates, being part of the upper palaeozoic series. Flanking and capping this nucleus is a great development of the following members of the tertiary series:--\n(a). Brown coal formation, very local.\n(b). Quartzose gravels, cemented so that they break away in large blocks.\n(c). Waitamata series (pliocene).\n(d). Trachytic tuff.", "Geological Report on the Thames Gold Fields by F. W. Hutton\n(e). Trachytic breccia.\nThe palaeozoic rocks are cut by dykes of trachyte (granite of the miners), which is charged with auriferous and cupreous iron pyrites.", "Geological Report on the Thames Gold Fields by F. W. Hutton\nThe older rocks decompose very freely to laterite, and the fissures then contain secondary deposits of silica, manganese, &c., especially when near the supposed trachyte dykes, alongside of which in some cases there would seem to have been fissures that were only gradually filled up by deposits from thermal waters, giving rise to the banded, irregular, and crystalline structure of the lodes which is so characteristic of Coromandel.", "Geological Report on the Thames Gold Fields by F. W. Hutton\nThe composition of the several rocks in the vicinity of the lodes at Coromandel shews their singular character, arising, I suspect, from all the soluble matters of what was once a basic rock having been removed and replaced by silica, and partly by iron pyrites containing gold", "Geological Report on the Thames Gold Fields by F. W. Hutton\nThat this mineral is the main source of the gold is shown by a section of the lode-ground I made in 1864, when I found that the so-called quartz reefs were contained between two varieties of the pyritous rocks, the sulphurets having been removed from the overlying rock, but still remaining in the lower, the reef itself being a band of mullock containing kernels and geodes of quartz and carbonate of lime, and evidently formed by infiltration.", "Geological Report on the Thames Gold Fields by F. W. Hutton\nA third manner in which quartz occurs in the district is in the trachyte tufas, but it is then more chalcedonic and crystalline, and associated with jasper and chert, and is non-auriferous, as proved by the numerous trials at Keeven's Point, Coromandel.\nThe older rocks present too limited an area in the Coromandel district to form the source of much gold by direct denudation, as in the south of New Zealand; still, where they have been decomposed to form.", "Geological Report on the Thames Gold Fields by F. W. Hutton\nthe red clay or laterite, and secondary minerals thereby formed, gold may be among these. The gold in the case of Patawai Creek, Coromandel, must have had a different source from the gold got in Driving Creek, as its value was \u00a33 17s. 6d. per ounce, but such deposits seem to be very small and patchy, as only \u00a3200 worth was got, I believe, by Mr. Turner, in 1862.", "Geological Report on the Thames Gold Fields by F. W. Hutton\nI would not, therefore, recommend as a guide in forming an opinion as to the prospect of gold, the mere presence of absence of palaeozoic rocks, without at the same time taking into consideration their peculiar association with the pyritous rocks above referred to. The same palaeozoic rocks occupy a large area in Otago without a trace of gold, but on the West Coast of Nelson, where they are associated with pyritous felstones and porphyries, they are then auriferous.", "Geological Report on the Thames Gold Fields by F. W. Hutton\nI enclose a copy, for your information, of the analysis of the rocks I refer to.\nThe following points deserve particular attention:--\n1. Distinguish carefully the different kinds of quartz.\n2. Search for the grey pyritiferous rock in the beds of the streams.", "Geological Report on the Thames Gold Fields by F. W. Hutton\n3. Areas where decomposition and siliceous infiltration has affected the rocks, will be recognized by ferruginous springs and by the occurrence of large blocks of the quartz cement, which, though non-auriferous in itself, yet indicates the former agency of thermal springs.\n4. Make a rough estimate of the area of alluvium in the district, which could possibly have been derived from the old rocks.", "Geological Report on the Thames Gold Fields by F. W. Hutton\n5. Bear in mind that no gravels of miocene age, however purely composed of quartz, have yet proved auriferous, such for instance as the quartz cements along with the brown coal formations.\n(Signed) JAMES HECTOR.\nEXTRACTS FROM ANALYSIS.\nI.--BED ROCK CONTAINING PYRITES, UNDERLYING REEF, NO. 4 CLAIM, COROMANDEL.", "Geological Report on the Thames Gold Fields by F. W. Hutton\nAs it was impossible to separate the pyrites by washing, the mineral was first treated, after drying at 212 deg., with hot weak hydrochloric acid, to take out any soluble matter. The residue from this operation was then well roasted, and boiled in weak hydrochloric acid. By this", "Geological Report on the Thames Gold Fields by F. W. Hutton\nprocess the pyrites would be decomposed and the iron dissolved. Nothing but iron being found in the acid solution in estimable quantities, its amount was ascertained, and the quantity of sulphide of iron existing in the mineral calculated therefrom. The residue insoluble in hydrochloric acid was finally analyzed.\n(1). Analysis of part soluble in hydrochloric acid:--\n(2). Analysis of part soluble in hydrochloric acid after ignition:--\n(3). Analysis of residue from the preceding:--\nII.--ROOF OR HANGING WALL.", "Geological Report on the Thames Gold Fields by F. W. Hutton\nIn blow-pipe flame, fuses with moderate ease to a black bead, with no soda reaction. Hygroscopic water, 2.65. Specific gravity, 2.342. Contains neither gold nor iron pyrites.\n(2). Analysis of part insoluble in hydrochloric acid:--\n(3). Centesimal results, calculated on the whole mineral:--\n4). Centesimal results on part insoluble in hydrochloric acid:--\nIII.--PYRITOUS ROCK. KEEVEN'S POINT.", "Geological Report on the Thames Gold Fields by F. W. Hutton\nIn blow-pipe flame, fusible with difficulty to a white translucent bead, without any soda reaction. Contains traces of gold.\n(1). Specific gravity, 2.348. Hygroscopic water, 5.40\nAnalysis of part soluble in acid:--\n(2). Analysis of part insoluble in acid:--\n(3). Centesimal results, calculated upon whole of rock:--\n(No. 17 L.)\nREEF CEMENT, COROMANDEL.\nThe black \"acicular\" crystals consist of sulphide of antimony, and there is also a little iron pyrites present.\nAURIFEROUS PYRITES, FROM KAPANGA, AUCKLAND.", "Geological Report on the Thames Gold Fields by F. W. Hutton\nTwo samples of auriferous pyrites--reported to have undergone an amalgamating process whereby the quantity of gold originally present had been so much reduced that none could be detected by the naked eye--were submitted, in order that it might be ascertained whether there was a sufficient quantity of gold left, after the above process, in either of the samples, to render profitable its extraction by more exhaustive processes; and the following are the results of the examination:--", "Geological Report on the Thames Gold Fields by F. W. Hutton\nNo. I.--Sample from auriferous leader, 4.53, oz. of gold per ton.\nNo. II.--Sample from Kapanga mine, 3.38 oz. of gold. per ton.\nNo. II. was the coarsest sample, and was admixed to a somewhat greater extent with siliceous matters than No. I., a fact which makes it very probable that the pyrites of this ore is equally rich in gold with that of the other.\n(Signed) WILLIAM SKEY, Analyst,\nGeological Survey of Kew Zealand.\nLaboratory, 12th Jan., 1866.", "Geological Report on the Thames Gold Fields by F. W. Hutton\nMEMORANDUM CONCERNING THE ROCK SPECIMENS ACCOMPANYING CAPTAIN HUTTON'S REPORT.\nThirty-eight specimens have been sent to illustrate the geology of the Karaka District, and present a similar character to the rocks from\nCoromandel. Among them are three specimens of auriferous quartz from Barry's, Hunt's, and Tookey's claims, in two of which the gold is distinctly seen to form a large portion of the substance of the stone, the matrix being a blue splintery quartz traversed by cracks.", "Geological Report on the Thames Gold Fields by F. W. Hutton\nRespecting the specimen from Barry's Creek, which is exceedingly rich, Captain Hutton remarks that it was broken off a specimen picked out from a sack full of stone at random.", "Geological Report on the Thames Gold Fields by F. W. Hutton\nAmong the specimens sent, in addition to gold, there are samples of lead, copper, antimony; and as the samples previously sent to the Museum, by His Honor the Superintendent of Auckland, contained cinnabar or mercury ore, and as the gold itself contains silver, a great variety of mineral products is thus indicated as occurring in the district.", "Geological Report on the Thames Gold Fields by F. W. Hutton\nWhen several of the specimens have been analysed and compared carefully with the Coromandel specimens already submitted to analysis, the results will be communicated.\nAuckland, 17th September, 1867.\nI have the honor to report that, in accordance with your instructions, I proceeded to the Thames Gold Field on the 3rd inst. On the 4th and 5th I examined the sluicing operations in the Karaka Creek, and the various auriferous veins that had been discovered in the neighbourhood.", "Geological Report on the Thames Gold Fields by F. W. Hutton\nOn the 6th I started for a tour to the northward, and examined the whole of the country at present open for prospecting, and went as far as Waipatukau Point, and returned to Shortland on the 10th instant.\nOn the 11th I sailed with Mr. Commissioner Mackay, for Auckland, in his cutter, and arrived there at 2 a.m. on Sunday, 15th instant.\nI enclose my report on the district I visited, together with a map and section.", "Geological Report on the Thames Gold Fields by F. W. Hutton\nI also send by the same steamer (Airedale) that takes this report, a box containing specimens of rocks and minerals, and three photographs.\nF. W. HUTTON.\nDr. Hector, F.R.S.,\nDirector of the Geological Survey of New Zealand, Wellington.\nREPORT ON THE GEOLOGY OF THE THAMES GOLD FIELDS.\nDESCRIPTION OF COUNTRY.", "Geological Report on the Thames Gold Fields by F. W. Hutton\nThe tract of country at present open to Europeans for gold prospecting in the Thames, commences at the mouth of the Kauearanga River, and runs north for about nine miles, as far as the Tuta Creek, with a breadth of about four miles: thus making the total area open, about thirty-six square miles.", "Geological Report on the Thames Gold Fields by F. W. Hutton\nThe whole of the country is much broken, rising, except at the mouths of four of the streams, into hills of from 600 to 800 feet close to the sea, and increasing in height towards the eastern boundary of the block, to more than 1,000 feet. The country is for the most part covered with dense bush, (except where close to the sea); and the streams are all mountain torrents, with large boulders occupying their beds.\nGEOLOGICAL STRUCTURE.", "Geological Report on the Thames Gold Fields by F. W. Hutton\nThe geological structure of the country is very simple, being almost entirely composed of a huge mass of trachytic tufa, resting on palaeozoic rocks, which are cut by numerous dykes, mostly of diorite, but occasionally of trachyte. This tufa appears generally as a softish grey coarse-grained rock, weathering white, and sometimes much stained with peroxide of iron. Where cut by dykes, it is hardened for considerable distances, and much altered in appearance", "Geological Report on the Thames Gold Fields by F. W. Hutton\nAs might be expected, however, from its origin, it varies a good deal in character: often containing rounded blocks of diorite one or two feet in diameter; indeed, in three or four places it passes into a true conglomerate, while occasionally small angular stones are seen in it, forming a breccia. These latter, however, are very local.", "Geological Report on the Thames Gold Fields by F. W. Hutton\nNear Hongikori the rounded blocks of diorite are encased with a coating of red jasper.\nThe rock is also traversed by numerous veins of quartz, carbonate of lime, or both these minerals mixed together, in which case it is seen that the carbonate of lime is a subsequent introduction, as it is found encrusting well-formed crystals of quartz.", "Geological Report on the Thames Gold Fields by F. W. Hutton\nThe whole of the rock, including some of the dykes, is much impregnated with iron pyrites, generally in the form of minute cubes, but decomposed to a grey powder near the auriferous veins.\nGOLD VEINS.\nAuriferous quartz veins had been found in eight different localities\non the 11th September. The gold is similar in character to that found at Coromandel.\nHUNT'S REEF.", "Geological Report on the Thames Gold Fields by F. W. Hutton\nHunt's \"reef,\" as it is called, is a mass of trachytic tufa, over which the water of the Kuranui Creek falls. The face thus exposed is traversed by four small, nearly vertical, veins of quartz with gold, running N. by E.\nBARRY'S REEF.", "Geological Report on the Thames Gold Fields by F. W. Hutton\nBarry's \"reef,\" about 100 yards higher up the creek, is a vein of mullock about a foot thick, dipping 70 degrees W. The gold occurs generally in more or less rounded nodules (like flints in chalk) of quartz, some of which are very rich. This vein is exposed on the right bank of the creek for a distance of about 15 feet.\nTOOKEY'S REEF.", "Geological Report on the Thames Gold Fields by F. W. Hutton\nTookey's \"reef\" consists of a series of small veins of auriferous quartz, dipping 50 degrees N.W. It is situated about 220 feet above the level of the sea, on the side of a hill of trachytic tufa, between the Kuranui and Moanatauri Creeks.\nSECTION THROUGH TOOKEY'S REEF.\nCOPPER.", "Geological Report on the Thames Gold Fields by F. W. Hutton\nA little north of Wainui, a lode of copper occurs, below high-water mark, running N.N.E. into the hills, where, however, owing to the vegetation, it cannot now be seen. The ore here appears to be a mixture of iron and copper pyrites, like that at the Kawau, with some red oxide. The specimens sent have been lying on the beach for some time. This lode also occurs in the tufa. Small specks of copper pyrites often occur together with iron pyrites in the quartz veins traversing the tufa.", "Geological Report on the Thames Gold Fields by F. W. Hutton\nAbout two-and-a-half miles up the Tararu Creek, in the tufa, hardened by its proximity to a dyke of diorite, a quartz vein occurs with crystals of galena, dipping 70 degrees N.N.E.; and in one of the claims now being worked in the Waitohi Creek, crystals, more than an inch long, of stibnite (sulphide of antimony) have been found embedded in the tufa.\n[Image of page 10]\nAGE OF TUFA.\nThis tufa is probably of tertiary age, and not older than the Waitemata veins.", "Geological Report on the Thames Gold Fields by F. W. Hutton\nThere are no marks of bedding nor stratification to be seen, but from the extent of country that it covers, and the general vertical direction of the dykes, I think that it is not far from horizontal, dipping probably slightly to the west or north-west. The absence of slate boulders in the streams and on the coast, seems to show that this tufa extends over much more ground than that visited by me, and I can see no reason why auriferous veins should not be found in any part of it", "Geological Report on the Thames Gold Fields by F. W. Hutton\nThese veins, being thin and variable, must always render gold-mining in this district highly speculative, and if, as I believe, the stratification is nearly horizontal, deep sinking will be useless, and, in order to enable a company to make a profit, it will require more ground than that usually allotted to a gold claim.", "Geological Report on the Thames Gold Fields by F. W. Hutton\nPALAEOZOIC FORMATIONS.\nIn one locality only, between the Tararu and the Waiohanga Creeks, are palaeozoic rocks seen in the district. They here consist of blue arenaceous slates, covered by a fine-grained felsite tufa, the whole dipping 35 degrees S.W.\nTERTIARY TRACHYTIC TUFA.", "Geological Report on the Thames Gold Fields by F. W. Hutton\nLying on the tops of the old tufaceous hills, between Shortland and Tararu, a deposit of a fine red and white trachytic tufa is seen, of a much later date than the old one on which it rests. This does not cover much extent of country, and is probably of pleistocene age, and formed by the former eruptions of Aroha Mountain.\nALLUVIUM.", "Geological Report on the Thames Gold Fields by F. W. Hutton\nThe largest quantity of alluvium in the district is that between the Kauaeranga and Kuranui streams. This I estimate to cover an area of 700 acres, out of which 100 acres must be deducted for the township of Shortland, and 200 more for tapu burial-grounds, leaving 400 available for diggers. This tract may be considered as an incline sloping up from the sea to a height of forty feet at the foot of the hills", "Geological Report on the Thames Gold Fields by F. W. Hutton\nSLUICING.\nThese latter, at the Karaka, have been worked by sluicing pretty\nsystematically for the last three weeks, and the results have not been satisfactory. The gold is of the same description as that found in the veins, but associated with minute grains of cinnabar and magnetic iron-sand; it appears to be greatest in quantity in the upper three feet of the deposit, and but little has been found among the larger boulders below this depth.\nRESULTS, KARAKA CREEK.", "Geological Report on the Thames Gold Fields by F. W. Hutton\nThe best results that I heard of in the Karaka, were half-an-ounce in three days with one sluice-box.\nWAIOTAHI CREEK.\nSince then better prospects have been obtained in the Waiotahi Creek, but not, I think, sufficient to justify the opinion that payable alluvial gold exists there in any quantity.\nBRITISH CLAIM.", "Geological Report on the Thames Gold Fields by F. W. Hutton\nA shaft, the British claim, is now being sunk by subscription, in the flat at the embouchure of the Karaka, with the intention of bottoming the alluvial deposits. No gold has been found, as yet, during the sinking, and as the bottom, when reached, will be an old coast line sloping probably seawards, there is no reason for hoping that gold will reward their labors.\nTARARU.\nThe alluvial deposits at the mouth of the Tararu is about 150 acres, one-third of which is Maori cultivation, and could not be touched.", "Geological Report on the Thames Gold Fields by F. W. Hutton\nMAEROERO.\nAt the mouth of the Maeroero, 300 acres, 100 of which are tapu; and at the mouth of the Whakatete, about 300 acres, two-thirds of which are burial grounds and tapu. Thus the whole of the alluvial deposits in the district available for gold-mining purposes are--\nThis, of course, does not include the small quantity of alluvium up the beds of each of the creeks.", "Geological Report on the Thames Gold Fields by F. W. Hutton\nJudging from the smallness of the particles of gold found, and that it occurs most plentifully in the upper portion of the alluvium, I am of opinion that the greater part of the gold broken off from the veins by", "Geological Report on the Thames Gold Fields by F. W. Hutton\nthe streams, is carried out to sea before it has had time to clear itself from the quartz matrix; that fine projecting particles of gold are rubbed off during the passage of the quartz down to the sea, in the ordinary state of the stream, and are deposited in the upper part of the alluvium; but the first considerable fresh clears out all these deposits and takes them out to sea, and on the subsidence of the water to its ordinary flow, they have to begin again to accumulate, until they are again swept away.", "Geological Report on the Thames Gold Fields by F. W. Hutton\nGold is reported to have been also found in the Puru, Whakatete, Waiohanga, and Tararu streams.\n[Inserted unpaginated illustration]\nGEOLOGICAL SKETCH MAP\nTHAMES GOLD FIELD"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.scielo.br/j/rbep/a/MTwNKJJWv9CDCs4KM4Wxw7F/?format=html&lang=en&stop=previous

"The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action"

["The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nRevista Brasileira de Estudos da Presen\u00e7a\nResumo (fr)\nTexto (Portuguese)\nDownload PDF (Portuguese)\nStaging the Olympics \u2022 Rev. Bras. Estud. Presen\u00e7a 6 (3) \u2022 Sep-Dec 2016 \u2022 https://doi.org/10.1590/2237-266062084 copy\nThe Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: an aesthetic-political action\nAldo Victorio Filho\nUniversidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro - UERJ, Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Brazil\nRodrigo Gu\u00e9ron\nJonatas Martin Puga", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nEste artigo analisa uma a\u00e7\u00e3o est\u00e9tico-pol\u00edtica: uma interven\u00e7\u00e3o feita por ativistas na pintura do retrato de um sanguin\u00e1rio personagem hist\u00f3rico. Considerando a dimens\u00e3o inexoravelmente est\u00e9tica da pol\u00edtica, articularemos a constitui\u00e7\u00e3o do socius e do ethos, segundo Deleuze e Guattari, com uma singular leitura do conceito de ready made em Duchamp; chegaremos assim \u00e0 concep\u00e7\u00e3o de efeito de arte", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nTal base te\u00f3rica nos permitir\u00e1 pensar a a\u00e7\u00e3o pol\u00edtica tema do texto como exemplo de efeito de arte, num contexto de identifica\u00e7\u00e3o entre patrim\u00f4nio art\u00edstico/cultural e Estado, mas tamb\u00e9m de resist\u00eancias est\u00e9tico-pol\u00edticas numa cidade submetida a violentos processos de gentrifica\u00e7\u00e3o.", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nCet article analyse une action esth\u00e9tico-politique: une intervention pratiqu\u00e9e par des activistes sur la peinture du portrait d'un personnage historique sanguinaire. Compte tenu de la dimension inexorablement esth\u00e9tique de la politique, nous articulerons la constitution du socius et de l'ethos, selon Deleuze et Guattari, avec une lecture singuli\u00e8re du concept de ready made chez Duchamp, en arrivant ainsi \u00e0 la conception d'effet d'art", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nLes esth\u00e9tiques du pouvoir qui formatent les villes et les r\u00e9sistances esth\u00e9tiques nous am\u00e8neront aux r\u00e9flexions de Lefebvre sur le droit \u00e0 la ville. Cette base th\u00e9orique nous permettra d'envisager l'action politique, th\u00e8me du texte, comme un exemple d'effet d'art, dans un contexte d'identification entre patrimoine artistique/culturel et \u00c9tat, mais aussi de r\u00e9sistances esth\u00e9tico-politiques, dans une ville soumise \u00e0 de violents processus de gentrification.", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nThis article considers an aesthetic-political action: namely, an intervention of activists directed at the painted portrait of a bloodthirsty historical figure. Considering the inexorably aesthetic dimension of politics, this work articulates the constitution of socius and ethos according to Deleuze and Guattari with a singular reading of the concept of Duchamp's readymade. Thus, the article arrives at the conception of an effect of art", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nThis theoretical base allows us to consider the specific political action that serves as the theme of the text as an example of the effect of art. This consideration occurs both within the context of an identification between artistic/cultural patrimony and the State, but also in the aesthetic-political resistances of a city submitted to the violent processes of gentrification.", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nAesthetic-Political Action; Socius and Ethos; The Effect of Art; City; Aesthetics of Power and Resistance\nThe Event (An Aesthetic-Political Action)\nBased on three convergent perspectives - politics, sociology, and art - this text aims to reflect on an event from the end of July 2013, which we will identify as an aesthetic-political action.", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nThis place of a relation - and, more than a relation, of an inexorably aesthetic constitution of politics, and an inexorably political effect of art - is a path that the authors of this text have all followed in a variety of different research projects. Therefore, we converge here around this paper", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nOur working method therefore predates the specific theme of this text: it is based on the assumption that the relation between artistic production and theoretical production cannot allow itself to be guided by a sort of subjection of art to theory. On the contrary, there also exists, for us, an effect of art that underlies theoretical problematization and the production of concepts", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nIn other words, an artistic experience is capable of making it so that concepts are no longer the same, so that new concepts must be created. Art must irrigate theory when the latter closes upon itself and its own clich\u00e9s. On the other hand, our theoretical studies fill us with aesthetic experiences", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nIt is not by chance that all of the authors of this article possess a trajectory that passes through artistic productions, whether in the field of cinema and video, the field of photography, or the field of printmaking. Aside from these experiences, this conversation between aesthetics and politics passes through us by way of another practice: that of a political (and, therefore, aesthetic) activism that we always aim to seek out", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nTherefore, the act that we will characterize here as an aesthetic-political action attracts us as a theme for this study because although it has surprised and even enchanted us, it also forms part of the expectations and desires that we nourish, based on our readings of the authors who form part of our theoretical toolbox throughout this text. We would say that acts, such as the one we are studying here, already have a neighborhood of their own", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nIn a certain way, they conspire with the inexorably aesthetic manner in which Deleuze and Guattari see the constitution of socius and of ethos; in the way in which they read the concept-action of the readymade in Duchamp; and in the way that Duchamp himself breaks completely with any notion of the autonomy of art, refusing the place of the artist for himself at the same time as he defends the social and political dimensions of art", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nThose who think of and about the city - a place that defines and constitutes itself, paradigmatically, through operations and struggles that are aesthetic-political (an expression that, for us, is redundant) - can also not be ignored. Therefore, we will pass through Henri Lefebvre's famous reflections on the right to the city, but we will also mention authors like Antonio Negri. If there is a method in this text, it is in the affective convergence of its authors", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nThis convergence mixes with the convergence of theory and practice - which, for us, is also an affective convergence - in the texts we read, the artistic experiences we have (both together and separately), and the political activism we share. Incidentally, it is worth recalling that we are professors from Rio de Janeiro; as such, we were present at protests that took place in June and October of 2013", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nAt the very minimum, the pepper spray, the tear gas, and the noise of the stun grenades had a very strong impact on our bodies, but so, too, did the joy and potency of the streets. Within our own singularities, we were part of these performances, part of the steps of those dances, and of the shared and interpotentializing desires (and fears and frustrations...)", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nIn order for us to be minimally honest with our readers, there is no other way for us to describe - as academic formalities demand - the methods and procedures of our research: in our complicit enchantment with the painted intervention carried out at the City Council Chamber of Rio de Janeiro and its effects; in the way in which we perceive how much this action entered into dialogue with the research that we were already undertaking; in the entire afternoons taken up by discussions of this subject; and in the exchange of theoretical influences, bibliographical recommendations, and reflections that we used to build this text", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nThe event to which we are referring took place in the midst of the immense street mobilizations that shook up all of Brazil in June 2013, at exactly the same time as the Confederations Cup, a soccer tournament that opened the way for the World Cup, which was to take place one year later. These protests continued intensely, albeit with somewhat smaller numbers, throughout the month of July 2013", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nThey grew again in October of the same year, especially in Rio de Janeiro, where a strike by public schoolteachers mobilized the entire city, even beyond the teachers themselves. The event that we first identified here as an aesthetic-political action took place when several protestors entered the City Council Chamber and carried out an intervention on a painting, drawing horns on the head of Colonel Antonio Moreira C\u00e9sar, as portrayed in a portrait by the Italian painter Gustavo Dell'Ara", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nThe painting, which hangs in the main hall of this legislative body, does not seem to have been a target that protestors openly identified; in other words, the intervention probably took place in the heat of the moment during the protest", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nBesides, the protestors did not know whose face was exhibited in the portrait that they targeted, meaning that it was only soon after the intervention had been carried out - and after it had been publicized in the mainstream media in a tone of great disapproval, as a supposed proof of vandalism and of the disrespect shown to cultural patrimony - that the public learned that the portrait in question was of the aforementioned Colonel, and, above all, who this Colonel had been", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nThis was when the public found out that Colonel Moreira C\u00e9sar had been known as The Cutthroat Colonel, and that - among some of the many bloody and criminal facts of his past - he had commanded the repression of the Federalist Revolution (1893-1895) in the southern Brazilian state of Santa Catarina, which took place there and in the neighboring state of Rio Grande do Sul", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nDuring the course of this suppression, the Colonel ordered all types of tortures, executions, and revenge, some of which he carried out with his own hands, thereby earning the nickname Cutthroat. Soon afterwards, he was appointed to command the second military mission charged with crushing the Canudos Revolt7 1 A popular uprising that took place in northeastern Brazil between 1896 and 1897. Its brutal suppression ultimately resulted in the deaths of an estimated 25,000 people. (T", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nN.) after the first such mission had been repelled by insurrectionists. However, Moreira C\u00e9sar was not victorious: his troops were defeated in another victory for the insurrectionists, and he himself was fatally wounded by a bullet that would kill him a few hours after the battle", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nThus, we learn that this historical personality - who, at some point, was selected to be exhibited on the walls of the City Council Chamber, a house that ought to be a space of democratic representation - was, in fact, a state-sponsored genocidal killer.", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nThe fact that this same City Council Chamber was a permanent target for the protest movements of 2013 is intimately linked to the first question raised at these movements' beginnings: namely, that of urban mobility. This issue has long been a problem in Rio de Janeiro, a city dominated by a cartel of bus companies. This cartel, for its part, is closely related to the way in which the urban space - with its social and biopolitical distribution - is organized in our city", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nIn that moment, despite the diversification of demands being made by protest movements throughout Brazil, questions of how mega events lead the state to intervene in cities without any consultation of communities or of citizens gained a decisive focus", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nNot only in Rio de Janeiro, but also in other cities throughout Brazil, a politics of gentrification was taking hold that, at its most extreme, led to violent processes of forced evictions, in a context in which urban space was offered up to private initiatives and treated exclusively as a place for the production of profits and of surplus value.", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nHowever, as we know, the movement began initially because of an increase of 20 cents in bus fares in the city of S\u00e3o Paulo, which led the Free Fare Movement (Movimento do Passe Livre - MPL) to organize a protest that was then violently repressed by the S\u00e3o Paulo state Military Police (PM). Indignation at this repression and solidarity with the movement's demands led to a new, much larger protest in S\u00e3o Paulo, as well as in other cities in Brazil", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nFrom this point on, many new issues were added to the transportation demands (it's not just for 20 cents), and the protests presented strikingly exponential growth throughout the entire country.", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nIn the case of Rio de Janeiro, part of the movement insisted on the question of bus fares, questioning the cartel that controlled the city's bus transportation and demanding the creation of a formal parliamentary inquiry (CPI) in the City Council to investigate the relationship between this cartel and the public authorities. The City Council initially rejected the inquiry, which provoked a strong reaction: it was at exactly this moment that the protest we referred to above occurred", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nSoon afterward, under strong pressure from the streets, council members who had refused the inquiry changed strategies and created an Inquiry Commission. However, they ensured that they themselves would control the Commission's decisions. At this same point - that is to say, soon after the intervention was carried out on the painting of Colonel Moreira C\u00e9sar - activists occupied the Chamber, only to be removed a few days later through a judicial order.", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nWhat we want to suggest and analyze here is that an aesthetic-political intervention promoted by protestors had a greater artistic effect than the painting that suffered the intervention, even though this effect could not have happened without the painting itself contributing both the content of the portrait and the place that it occupied", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nWe know, of course, that by the end of this text, we must clarify two things more precisely: first, what an effect of art is; and second, how the expression aesthetic-political that we have chosen to use to identify the action (or the intervention) that we are examining here is, to a certain extent, redundant.", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nMoved as we were by the action of activists in the Rio de Janeiro City Council Chamber, we thought - somewhat provocatively, and still without being certain of the pertinence of our idea - of suggesting that some artists might position themselves in favor of maintaining the portrait in the main hall as it remained after the intervention: in other words, with the horns drawn on the forehead of this Colonel, whose past was replete with cowardly, bloody acts", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nTherefore, we asked a few renowned artists what they thought of this idea; an idea that, given our own doubts, was not even a proposal yet. They immediately resisted, arguing that it would be very problematic to defend the destruction of a work of art, even though some agreed that the artistic dimension of the intervention was greater than the mediocrity of the original work. We will therefore guard these facts.", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nThe problem that we present in the above section might already have offered clues about our thoughts regarding the field that - in a more or less generic way - can be defined as belonging to contemporary art. In fact, we are not part of the field of autonomy of the work of art or of artistic genius, even if - in the period that begins with Kant, it passes through German Romanticism, and continues until Adorno's Critical Theory - these concepts have been defined and redefined in diverse ways", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nObviously, we do not ignore the creative force and the unprecedented quality of aesthetic experiences that the project of the artwork's autonomy liberated, in a sort of creative delirium. It is only that we see, for example, that when an artistic object was defined as a particular kind of sensitive being - notably in the case of painting and sculpture in the visual arts - a sort of restriction and limitation led to the exploration of these forms of artistic expression to their limits", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nThis opened a series of sensitive experiences to us, and revealed a series of aesthetic possibilities: \"making invisible forces visible,\" as Paul Klee defined so well (Deleuze; Guattari, 1980DELEUZE, Gilles; GUATTARI, F\u00e9lix. Mille Plateux: capitalisme et schizophr\u00e9nie 2 Paris: L\u00eas Editions de Minuit , 1980., p. 422)", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nActually, in certain definitions, the autonomous work of art was not by any means synonymous with a pure and apolitical art, as Adorno himself emphasized; on the contrary, for Adorno, an artistic form of expression must necessarily guard its characteristics in order to intervene in the world to the best of its possibilities (Ranci\u00e8re, 2007RANCI\u00c8RE, Jacques. Ser\u00e1 que a arte resiste a alguma coisa?. In: LINS, Daniel (Org.). Nietzsche e Deleuze: arte resist\u00eancia. Tradu\u00e7\u00e3o: M\u00f4nica Costa Netto", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nRio de Janeiro: Forense Universit\u00e1ria, 2007. P. 9. Dispon\u00edvel em: <Dispon\u00edvel em: www.sescsp.org.br/sesc/conferencias >. Acesso em: 01 fev. 2016.", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nwww.sescsp.org.br/sesc/conferencias... ). Aside from this, the very fact of maintaining a field of production distinct from the organization aimed at the production of merchandise - as was the case of the beginning of modernism - had its own political importance, even if, through other paths, the art produced at that time was captured by schemes of production and the accumulation of value as organized by capitalism and the state.", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nHowever, it was Marcel Duchamp, who did not even want to be called an artist - although he constantly intervened and created tension in artists' environments and in institutionalized art spaces - who spoke emphatically of the previously forgotten social character of art", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nThis took place during a talk in which he referred specifically to painting, opposing himself to what he called the retinal dimension, which predominated in this discipline since impressionism and which, according to Duchamp, still remained in Cubism (Cabanne; Duchamp, 2002CABANNE, Pierre; DUCHAMP, Marcel. Engenheiro do Tempo Perdido. S\u00e3o Paulo: Perspectiva , 2002.). The invention of readymades is perhaps Duchamp's most significant aesthetic-political operation", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nIt drags us away from the delineated spaces of artistic institutions and throws us into the heart of social relations of production, even if in Fountain - the most celebrated readymade - these are the relations that attempt to invade the heretofore immaculate space of an art exhibit. As we know, Duchamp chose a product of industrial fabrication - a urinal - changed its position, signed it with a pseudonym (R", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nMutt) and baptized it as Fountain, giving it a new expressiveness and a new quality through the very act of this turning. Then, without identifying himself, he sent the piece to the Salon of the Society of Independent Artists (of which he himself was a member), which refused to exhibit it. The readymade is, in this sense, much more than an act, an action, or an object", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nIt expresses itself through a sort of intervention in something that has presented itself as a given; in other words, in a being that supposedly has a well-delineated essence and social function. Therefore, it provokes a deterritorialization, first of this object, but also of its surroundings: of the conjunction of relationships, and of the ethos and the socius that were supposedly intrinsic to the object. This is why we can refer to it, in a somewhat redundant way, as a readymade-act", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nIt is an action that, in the case of Fountain, is characterized by an intervention, a deconstruction, and a deterritorialization of the exhibition space itself. It was as though a strange force had invaded that space, as was the case of the Mangueira samba school, which H\u00e9lio Oiticica tried to have parade through the Rio de Janeiro Modern Art Museum (MAM) in 1965, although his attempt was impeded by the directorship of that institution", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nIn this case, however, we are not speaking of any prosaic object, but rather of a sort of \"minor art\" for artistic institutions. Beyond the lineage of the history of art, the samba school seemed to Oiticica to be especially potent for demolishing the limits of that institution. In spite of their clear differences, Oiticica is comparable to Duchamp because he perceives very well how the delineation of the work of art and the artistic object leaves out a series of aesthetic possibilities", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nThe samba school was something that already resisted these predetermined places of the social relations of production, since the samba school itself produced a powerful effect of art. Samba was the art of those who, according to the status quo, ought not to make art", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nBut there is also a third aspect: beyond redefining object and space, Duchamp redefined art itself by inserting - among objects that represented the presumptions of what ought to be considered art - a prosaic object; in other words, an apparently banal piece of the world of industrial products and merchandise", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nIn the same movement in which the urinal becomes - to a certain extent - art (even if Duchamp no longer wanted to be called an artist and was rejecting the artistic object), the institutional space in which Fountain was to be presented (and from which it was refused) began to implode", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nFor us, this is exactly where the act that we call throwing art back to the world resides: in an act that was radicalized by other Dadaist experiments, as well as by initiatives that, some decades later, took up this type of action once again.", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nDuchamp threw art back to a world that, in point of fact, art itself had never left. This is not only because, even in high modernism - and even among some of the movements that preceded it, were part of it, or coexisted with it - the separation between industrial production and artistic production were not taken as a presumption, as in Arts and Crafts or the Bauhaus (Ranci\u00e8re, 2010RANCI\u00c8RE, Jacques. Pol\u00edtica da Arte", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nUrdimento: Revista de Estudos de Artes C\u00eanicas do Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Teatro da UESC, Florian\u00f3polis, n. 15, p. 51, 2010. Dispon\u00edvel em: <Dispon\u00edvel em: www.sescsp.org.br/sesc/conferencias >. Acesso em: 01 fev. 2016.", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nwww.sescsp.org.br/sesc/conferencias... ). It is especially because the world has always been, or perhaps can only exist, as an effect of art. But here, we must exercise caution, so as not to return to the point from which we intend to depart", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nThat is, if we arrive at some sort of a definition that sets art in the place of a founder, we will inadvertently bring ourselves closer to some of the presumptions of German Romanticism - decisive for certain definitions of the autonomy of art - which the artistic experiences that interest us have broken", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nThe movement that interests us, on the contrary, is of going in the direction of that which, in life, is inexorably aesthetic, without letting this quality serve as an affirmation of any type of transcendence", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nIn other words, we are not here to place Art (written in this solemn way, with an uppercase \"A\") in a transcendent place similar to that in which Western rationalism places Reason: namely, a transcendence opposed to the body and to the senses, which this same Western rationalism takes to be epistemologically mistaken, morally negligible instances", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nWe are not, however, exalting any special type of human, whether the Philosopher or the Artist, the latter of whom - along with the supposed artistic genius of German Romanticism - is taken to have the natural gift of mediating between the finite and infinite8 2 In this text, specifically in reference to the thought of the romantic philosopher Friedrich Schlegel, the Brazilian philosopher and critic Gerd Bornheim (2005, p", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\n93) writes: \"[...] the artist, the poet, becomes a sort of priest for men, because he is the one who best manages to make the finite communicate with the infinite.\" (Bornheim, 2005BORNHEIM, Gerd. A Filosofia do Romantismo. In: GUINSBURG, Jacob (Org.) O Romantismo. S\u00e3o Paulo: Perspectiva, 2005. P. 75-111.), thereby assuming a place previously designated for philosophers; even if, paradoxically, it was philosophers who created the conceptual character of the genius.", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nHowever, our movement here is toward immanence. If art or aesthetics are words that still interest us, it is because we are simultaneously beyond and within any sort of autonomy of works of art and artistic objects, and any special distinction of the people who ought to be considered as artists. For us, aesthetics is like a condition in which we find ourselves, since we constitute ourselves beginning with our bodies and the relations that they establish with other bodies", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nHowever, more than this, and before this somewhat anthropocentric centrality that makes us organize a world for ourselves and around ourselves - we humans- there is a sort of body behind our bodies, a material that has not yet taken shape and that will be part of the very organization of bodies, of the relations they establish among themselves, and of the socius and ethos that they create for themselves.", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nTherefore, the mode in which Deleuze and Guattari avail themselves of the Duchampian concept of the readymade calls our attention. They take the turn that the Dadaist carries out on the urinal, thereby requalifying it, as a decisive action not only for the formation of what they call a block of sensations - which, in a general way, is how they define art - but also for the constitution of a ritornello, understood as a territory: that is, as the ethos to which we have already referred", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nIt is material that is therefore qualified - or re-qualified - and gains expressiveness. In this way, Duchamp's readymade, taken as an act, is - as he himself defined - something that has to do with all artistic experiences, and not only those experiences that take place merely within the field of contemporary art. For example, in order to make a painting, a painter must first obtain a tube or can of paint", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nBut paint, in a general sense, is a material of prosaic use: we paint our houses and our cars; we dye our clothes. The painter therefore carries out a turn upon the paint - re-qualifying it and transforming it into expressive material - in order to create a painting. In this sense, the paint is the painter's readymade. Or, better yet: by pulling paints away from their prosaic, more or less predictable functions, the painter undertakes a readymade act.", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\n? Paris: L\u00eas Editions de Minuit , 1991.), the readymade establishes a new field of forces and a new territory. For them, therefore, it is not the flesh9 3 In relation to Sartre, Merleau-Ponty seems to have taken a position in search of immanence that negates emptiness, and, consequently, negating negativity and placing flesh in this sort of ontological place that inaugurates perception", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nHowever, for Deleuze and Guattari, he continues to maintain transcendence by making his mole's work in immanence, when he affirms that there is a difference between the my flesh and the flesh of things. (Furlan, 2011FURLAN, Reinaldo. Carne ou Afecto: fronteiras entre Merleau-Ponty e Deleuze-Guattari. Revista Dois Pontos, Curitiba/S\u00e3o Carlos, v. 8, n. 22, p", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\n99-130, 2011.), as a certain phenomenology would have it, but rather this house - this ethos - that is decisive in constituting the experience of a sensation. For Deleuze and Guattari, the organization of a territory through a sort of collection of forces that are in the cosmos - whether amorphous or as shapes to be redefined (as Duchamp did with his Fountain) - is the creation of an effect of art. At the same time, it also constitutes this sort of world: a world that we create for ourselves", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nThe ethos is formed, then, in an artistic operation that, before being described by humans, is described by the authors among animals. Art is therefore present in an animal that creates a mark, a standard or a flag for itself: a territorial sign (Deleuze; Guattari, 1980DELEUZE, Gilles; GUATTARI, F\u00e9lix. Mille Plateux: capitalisme et schizophr\u00e9nie 2 Paris: L\u00eas Editions de Minuit , 1980.)", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nThis is why Deleuze and Guattari raise that hypothesis that, among humans, architecture is the first of the arts (Deleuze; Guattari, 1991DELEUZE, Gilles. GUATTARI, F\u00e9lix. Qu'est-ce que la Philosophie", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\n? Paris: L\u00eas Editions de Minuit , 1991.). But it is important for us to ask until what point we can identify ethos with socius, as we did a short while ago. In fact, to a certain extent, socius is like a territory, a world that we organize for ourselves. It is, to a certain extent, our house", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nAnd since all of this theoretical discussion relates to an aesthetic-political intervention that took place in the midst of a city's political struggles, we can identify the city itself as this ethos, given that the city is also a block of sensations. Carrying this logic further, the city is, in and of itself, an effect of art.", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nHowever, when Deleuze and Guattari speak of the constitution of socius, it appears in a somewhat distant manner from what we have just done. It remains, however, an eminently aesthetic operation; that is, an operation that pertains to bodies", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nBoth authors read Nietzsche's second essay on the Genealogy of Morals10 4 Deleuze and Guattari have a disquieting reading of Nietzsche's Genealogy of Morals, which they describe, in the chapter \"Savages, Barbarians, Civilized Men\" of Anti-Oedipus, as \"the great book of modern ethnography.\" (Deleuze; Guattari, 1972, p. 225). (Deleuze; Guattari, 1972DELEUZE, Gilles; GUATTARI, F\u00e9lix. L'Anti-OEdipe: capitalisme et schizophr\u00e9nie 1Paris: L\u00eas Editions de Minuit, 1972. , p", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\n225), in which he describes, as an ethnographer, the process of the formation of socius in a more acute way than had ever taken place in the history of philosophy.", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nFor Nietzsche, the aesthetic operation that constitutes socius articulates itself with the constitution of morals that, for their part, articulate themselves with the creation of a memory that exercises the function of consciousness. It is a process of marking and inscribing bodies that functions as a registry to condition them, because it codifies the desiring production (Deleuze and Guattari's concept) that characterizes bodies", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nNietzsche called this process the internalization of the instinct, at times using the word instinct, at other times, the word trieb. A short time afterward, Freud also used trieb, which is often translated in his works as pulsation", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nFor Deleuze and Guattari (1972), this internalization of instinct occurs through the codification of flows of the desire that - in marking bodies - contains within itself a series of productive potentialities and possibilities that it directs and potentializes toward well-delineated social functions. This determining of social functions, which Marx called distribution, becomes - following Nietzsche - a process that takes place through the operation of inscribing bodies", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nThis binds us to a sense, to an order of causalities, given that our action is conditioned by a debt; in other words, it is tied to a memory, to a consciousness created from the codification of our desiring flows. Thus, for Nietzsche - in contrast to the plans of a significant part of ethnography - the socius is not formed with an eye toward social exchange, but toward a debt", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nThis is decisive for Deleuze and Guattari's political thought: this debt will assume distinct shapes in different modes of social organization, and it will determine the mode in which social relations and exchanges occur.", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nWe begin here with the impression of facing two distinct aesthetics. The first one constitutes a territory, an ethos, through the appropriation of materials, and therefore, of bodies that become matter of expression even if they are not necessarily masterpieces; they contain earlier modes of expressiveness that have been transformed, as in the readymades. In other words, this first aesthetic is described from the point of view of a creative repotentialization, of a creation, of inventiveness", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nThe effect of art is created through the selection and reorganization of forces of the cosmos (or, as Guattari would have it, the \"Chaosmos\") in order to create this territory; an ethos that functions as a block of sensations", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nMeanwhile, the second - although it carries a description that presents us with a process that is also evidently aesthetic - seems to account for something that is characterized much more by focusing on the body in a painful, even violent way, so as to contain it and separate it from its capacities (Nietzsche even relates a series of processes of punishment)", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nHowever, qualifying and giving expression to a body is to potentialize it, to produce it as a producer, to create it, all the while moving it away from certain potentials. At the same time, marking a body and codifying it also implies potentializing its productive force in a determined direction. Thus, ethos and socius constitute themselves within a balancing act between production and unproduction: between potential and impotence.", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nWe take up the city, then, as both a socius and an ethos. We consider that the process of a city's formation is, in this sense, as much aesthetic as it is political, given that everything that we have said until now allows us to consider an ethical and political operational as being, invariably, an aesthetic operation. In other words, we do not work according to a determined reading of the Frankfurt School, which describes the aestheticization of power as something negative", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nOn the contrary, we think that if politics, taken as the very organization of socius (and, therefore, as the organization of production) is invariably aesthetic, aesthetic combat - like a political combat - exists to be locked down. The lack of attention that the bulk of political activism pays to this fact not only leads it to a series of political defeats, but also to the emptying out of its potential for political transformation, inasmuch as it becomes imprisoned to a certain monophony", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nIn other words, it becomes imprisoned to regimes of majoritarian signs, generally determined by the logic of the signified/signifier; that is, by an absolute belief in the word as a sort of superior sign: an extreme logocentrism.", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nPolitics and the city, as we know, become confused. It is not our intention here to construct a genealogy of the logocentric politics that has triumphed in the West or, better yet, of an apparently logocentric hegemony. This is because constituted powers know very well - and esoterically - how to use diverse semiotics, and, therefore, diverse aesthetics. However, we cannot go without recalling episodes such as those that Jacques Ranci\u00e8re needed to cite in order to speak of the sharing of what is sensitive", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nHere, we refer as much to the famous expulsion of artists - most notably, of poets - from the Republic conceived by Plato as to the law, held for many years in the ancient Greek polis, determining that artisans were not fit for political activity. Such fear of the figure of artist, along with subsequent attempts to delegitimize this figure, appear to us to be clear proof, in and of themselves, that the Greeks perceived artists' activities to be eminently political", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nThe city is therefore a decisive question for us, both in this impressive liberation of productive flows that characterizes capitalism, but also in the reversal of these flows that is typical of this form of the social relation of production; that is, in the implacable manner in which capitalism captures, qualitatively empties, and reduces production to form-merchandise, the city emerges as the great staging ground of this dispute", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nWe must therefore consider that the city, as Antonio Negri emphasizes, becomes the great contemporary space of capitalist production, substituting a production heretofore concentrated on the factory floor (Negri, 2010NEGRI, Antonio. Dispositivo Metr\u00f3pole. A Multid\u00e3o e a Metr\u00f3pole. Revista Lugar Comum, Rio de Janeiro, n. 25-26, p. 201-208, 2010., p. 201). But it is for this reason that the city is also the great space of the major contemporary social struggles", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nHenri Lefebvre perceived this reality well in his meaningful and powerful writings on The Right to the City (Lefebvre, 2001), in which he locates the city and urban space as central stages of the collision of different political and aesthetic narratives.", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nLefebvre's importance becomes clear when he develops a study of the Paris Commune, published in 1962, thereby entering into conflict with the orthodoxy of the French Communist Party (PCF) for having been inspired, to a certain extent, by the theses of the Situationist Movement11 5 A group of intellectuals and artists who founded the International Situationist, defending a revolutionary vision of art and an absolutely aesthetic reading of politics", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nThe French thinker Guy Debord was among the group's leadership. The Situationists played an important role in the events of May, 1968 in Paris. In a general sense, they defended the creation of revolutionary situations instead of traditional forms of struggle. These situations took place through aesthetic-artistic interventions, derives, happenings, and other strategies that would cause a certain shock (such as posters, graffiti, and specific chants)", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nThe Situationists were also characterized by their discussion of the capitalist city, in opposition to urbanism as it has been structured in modernism; this discussion resulted in a series of actions and interventions in the city, of which the derive has become the best known. . In a traditional form, the PCF understood that the avant-garde force for revolutionary transformation must reside with the factory-based proletariat, rather than urban workers, as the latter were different in their class formation", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nThey were fragmented and divided; had multiple aspirations and necessities; they were generally itinerant, much more disorganized, and fluid.", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nCurrently, the city is configured far beyond any one of these forms of expressions of social production. Even if we can still characterize these forms as projections of the reality of a society upon a geographical territory \"at the same one and the same time the place and the milieu, the theatre and the stake of these complex interactions.\" (Lefebvre, 1996LEFEBVRE, Henri. Writings on Cities. Translated and edited by Eleonore Kaufman and Elizabeth Lebas. Blackwell Publishers: Malden, USA, 1996., p", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\n105), doing so promotes transformations in everyday life that modify urban reality in a radical way. \"[...] the city is an oeuvre, closer to a work of art than to a simple material product.\" (Lefebvre, 1996, p. 101); that is, it is a mediation among mediations, between people and social groupings that carry out this work in historical conditions, and that produce the city through the conjunctional interactions - whether conflictive or not - of social relations.", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nIt is with the rise of industries, Lefebvre says, that cities pass through profound morphological transformations. The installation of factories - as a function of the search for a work force, for capital, and for the market itself - together with the processes of industrialization in the areas surrounding cities, were agents of the implosion of bygone political and commercial content, emptying out that potency", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nAs a consequence, the explosion of peripheries and marginalized ranks of the city accrued through the effervescence of everyday factory-based relations. From this double process of implosion-explosion, the generalization of relations based on the value of exchange in relation to the value of use was established, the direct effect of which was the substitution of jobs (production) for product (merchandise)", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nTherefore, from among these contradictions provoked by the process of industrialization, a new reality emerges: the reality of the urban space.", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nFor Lefebvre, urbanism becomes social practice; \"[...] planning has gone beyond partial techniques and applications (regulation and administration of built space) to become a social practice concerning and of interest to the whole of society\" (Lefebvre, 1996, p. 96). Within the problematics of the city, urbanism is the (ideological) doctrine that \"[...] was born of the superstructure of society into which structures entered a certain type of city\" (Lefebvre, 1996, p 98)", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nIt is interesting to perceive that the form-city that inscribes itself through the superstructure of the capitalist mode of production takes its liberal/positivist model from two aspects of urbanism: the mental and the social.", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nMentally, it implies a theory of rationality and organization whose expression dates from around 1910, a transformation in contemporary society (characterized by the beginning of a deep crisis and attempts to resolve it by organizational methods, firstly the scale of the firm, and then on a global scale). It is then that socially the notion of space comes to the fore, relegating into shadow time and becoming", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nPlanning as ideology formulates all the problems of society into questions of space and transposes all that comes from history and consciousness into spatial terms (Lefebvre, 1996LEFEBVRE, Henri. Writings on Cities. Translated and edited by Eleonore Kaufman and Elizabeth Lebas. Blackwell Publishers: Malden, USA, 1996., p. 98-99).", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nThrough urbanism, the city takes on the ability to be conceived of as a normalizing, harmonious space; in counterpoint, it has a capacity of discerning what the production of any space is, or which spaces ought to be harmonious and normal. \"The city and the urban cannot be understood without institutions springing from relations of class and property.\" (Lefebvre, 1996LEFEBVRE, Henri. Writings on Cities. Translated and edited by Eleonore Kaufman and Elizabeth Lebas", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nBlackwell Publishers: Malden, USA, 1996., p. 106). The city and the urban space are projections and practices of the relation between society and the state. These, in turn, are relations of conflicts and contradictions based on hierarchical social organization; of the despotic continuities of the inheritances of the elites; of the political-administrative ascension in the interior of the state; or perhaps in following the mantra of meritocracy, however difficult this may be", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nBut within the city - itself a construction and result of heterotopias - and within the urban space, discontinuities and irruptions also operate: in everyday life, in the existence in and making of the city, they inscribe modes of life that decentralize and irrupt in aspirations, desires, and wills toward the reconstruction and reformulation of social organization", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nThey present themselves, with certain radicalism, in the context of streets, plazas, and throughout the urban space, in such a way as to interfere in political processes,", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\n[...] delineat[ing] liminal social spaces of possibility where \"some thing different\" is not only possible, but foundational for the defining of revolutionary trajectories. This \"something different\" does not neces sarily arise out of a conscious plan, but more simply out of what people do, feel, sense, and come to articulate as they seek meaning in their daily lives (Harvey, 2012HARVEY, David. Rebel Cities: from the right to the city to the urban revolution. London: Verso, 2012., p. 18).", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nHowever, with the city of Rio de Janeiro's immersion into a planning aimed toward the market and by the market, following the neoliberal cartel with policies of revitalizing degraded areas - policies that intensified with the arrival of mega events (the World Cup and the Olympics) - the phenomenon of gentrification began to arise, expelling entire families from so-called \"degraded\" areas and their surrounding regions", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nThe creation of the model of Pacifying Police Units (UPPs) is an example of the control of bodies and of the modes of life that remained in the city's favelas and peripheries, and that, therefore, demanded surveillance. It is not by chance that the great majority of UPPs are allocated to the tops of the city's hills, like guard towers in a prison; or that, through this model of security, a \"watched\" freedom is imposed on the life, and the political and aesthetic practices of these regions.", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nHowever, the city is, in and of itself, an arena of disputes, of focal points of resistance, and of the revolts that irrupt and inscribe themselves on urban surfaces. These are heterogeneous, transversal, multiple modes of resistance that establish, first and foremost, their own constitution as social subjects in relation to the organization of work, of social divisions, and of the production of the city", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nThey include movements for the right to living space, ranging from the Homeless Workers' Movement (MTST) and the Movement for Struggle in Neighborhoods, Villas, and Favelas (MLB) to the National Movement for the Struggle for Living Space (MNLM); movements for the democratization of transit and for free fares, such as the Free Fare Movement (MPL); the World Cup and Olympics Popular Committee; the \"Mothers of May\" movement; the Youngsters' Movement (MovimentoMoleque); the Rio de Janeiro State Forum for Youth; as well as the taggers, performance artists, and video artists who act throughout the urban space and the streets, among others.", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nIt seems to us that movements and struggles for the Right to the City - this force of urban workers, in the context of contemporary capitalism - are places of redefining power. These redefinitions pass through a transformation that imposes itself on traditional institutions of representation within political struggles, even - or perhaps especially - among those institutions that take up a discourse for more profound reforms or social transformations", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nHere, we are most interested in investigating the extent to which this combat is aesthetic, and the extent to which it intervenes in a conception of the city conceived of by a bourgeoisie that, sooner or later, needed to enter into a political pact with the proletariat (in its classical conception)", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nAmong the institutions of political representation, members of the bourgeoisie had their seats, and their suit-and-tie-wearing congressmen; they frequented those magnificent buildings, participating in and helping to fetishize that ritualistic milieu. The very notion - so beloved on the left - of a class consciousness slipped into a morals of work that subjectifies bodies, imposes strict hours, and subjects form-businesses in a biopolitical way", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nHowever, if work and production in general have been freed from the factory floor, if the very circulation through the city is immediately a question of production, this inevitably implies that other political aesthetics are at work, given that we are already faced with another organization of the socius: with another politics. Thus, the palaces of representation, in both a literal and metaphoric sense, become strangers in new given social relations", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nThese relations, for their part, may be new, but they are not, as a result, less capitalistic. They therefore bring with them new forms of power and control, as well as new forms of producing surplus value:", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nWhen we say that this new force of labor cannot be defined within a dialectic relation, what we mean is that the relation it has with capital is not only antagonistic: it is also beyond antagonism. It is an alternative to and constitutive of a different social reality. This antagonism presents itself as a form of constituting power that reveals itself to be an alternative to existing forms of power", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nThe alternative is the oeuvre of independent subjects; that is, it constitutes itself in the plane of potency, and not only power (Lazzarato; Negri, 2001LAZZARATO, Maurizio; NEGRI, Antonio. Trabalho Imaterial: formas de vida e produ\u00e7\u00e3o de subjetividade. Rio de Janeiro: DP&A, 2001., p. 36).", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nIt is not by chance that the movement and the specific act to which we refer needed to intervene in these palaces, which they occupied multiple times. It is not by chance that these changes in the organization of production, which are aesthetical and political in and of themselves, generated new forms of political struggles: new forms of occupying and of performing the street that opposed the antiquated aesthetics of street protests led by political parties and unions.\nThinking of the Fact", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nHow and when a determined scheme of actions, with all its choreography and foreseen discourses, will manifest, extravagantly, the aesthetic condition that underlies the human condition - which perhaps is a pre-human dimension - will always be a irreducible surprise within any inventory of senses", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nThe political protest in which the invasion of the City Council Chamber took place, and that left, as its most meaningful traces, the horns on the counter-example of the hero - the bloody cutthroat Colonel - may be considered to be an example of a collective action whose operations obey an a priori known script. This is applicable even in terms of the reactions of the always foreseen pushback of repression and violence at the hands of the police", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nHowever, within this dance, no matter how unchoreographed it may be in advance, there will be another unknown dance that unnerves the visible dance. This dance will not always manifest itself eloquently, but it will oftentimes be decisive in the aesthetic event in progress", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nWe think that the example of a dance, specifically of a collective dance, is the most useful example here as we once again take up the movement of an enormous contingent of teachers at the protests, accompanied by thousands of supporters in their claims and their demands", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nThis is especially because the form of the protests, like the majority of this type of action throughout the world, occurs through a certain type of movement: it vibrates with a determined, established sound, and mixes discontent and joy in an almost indiscernible form. We will note here, however, that in this type of act, there is always a contagion of a force within the collective body that fulminates the surface of the protest in unforeseen intensities", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nIn fact, in many of the actions and events that we saw during the protests of 2013, this aspect overflowed in a notable way. It consisted, truth be told, of a new form of performing political activism, with a distinct aesthetic that pointed us toward a politics beyond the field delineated by previously existing politics", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nIn other words, it moved beyond the repetitive and moribund rituals of the established forms of political representation that not only do not succeed, but that organize themselves in order to turn back against the social expressivity that comes from outside of palaces and constituted powers.", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nAs in a clandestine dance that subverts, here and there, its planned choreography - which, for some analysts, is a manifestation of the multitude's irrational nature - we prefer to characterize this movement as liberation from the imposition of a disciplinary pattern of behavior through the reintroduction of the collective body", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nThis body constitutes the greatest threat to capitalist operations and their resources of control and order, of which the structures of political representation are especially exemplary. Without extending our digression, it is worth recalling that capitalism's success depends on the evermore acute nature of individualism. Therefore, the collective body that amalgamates socius and ethos is a body that ought to be avoided and repressed when it manifests itself, to whatever extent is viable", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nNothing is more threatening, apparently, then breaking with the reason that is fine-tuned within the individual so as to create another body sparked by unforeseeable aesthetic potencies, a body absolutely deaf to the admonitions and commands generated in the individual's frequency. A notably fascinating aspect of collective manifestations of public protest is the recuperation of the fragmented body, and the consequent expression of its inexorably aesthetic base condition", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nThe repressed tribal body (Maffesoli, 2006MAFFESOLI, Michel. O Tempo das Tribos: o decl\u00ednio do individualismo. S\u00e3o Paulo: Florence Universit\u00e1ria, 2006.), when it is extorted to manifest itself, arises as an ungovernable nomad, subverting the very logic of political planning generated and justified on a rational plan. We maintain that it is important to think about what underlies the adhesion to the multitude beyond plausible and evident arguments", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nIn other words, we aim to reflect on the force that acts clandestinely together with political motivation in calling out to the collective, as well as in the eventual invasion of one space or another. This force underlies all transgression: it comes into being when the irreducibly physical participation of an incarnate body recuperates as a body gigantically greater than the rational, individual ordination that results from one exposition of motives or another", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nThe individual, diluted in the nerve of the insurgent multitude, will face new possibilities of aesthetic experience, and of the consequent creation within the order of the poetic. The hands that drew the horns on the Colonel, before belonging to the individual who carried out the act, belonged to a giant body, a body without frontiers, a body whose physical plasticity is as unlimited as its creative force.", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nWe observe, then, that one of the traces that this invasive multitude left is as expressive as it is enigmatic. As controversial as the denomination of \"artwork\" may be for the work in question, the intervention that it underwent - in an unauthorized act, and in the midst of a popular protest - generated a certain degree of reservation and perplexity. This is especially the case in academic areas dedicated to Arts, culture, and related areas.", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nIt may be interesting to mention, at this point, what happened in the city of Vit\u00f3ria, the capital of the state of Esp\u00edrito Santo, during the same protests in 2013. This mention comes to us through the narrative of a research group in the Arts program at Universidade Federal do Esp\u00edrito Santo (UFES) called the Conjunctive Plan of Spatialities (PLACE)", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nThis group did not remain restricted to academic spaces; instead, it acted as a collective for artistic intervention (Oliveira; Ribeiro; Lopes; Melo; Riguete, 2013OLIVEIRA, Silfarlem de; RIBEIRO, Gisele; LOPES, Diego Kern; MELO, J\u00e9ssica Magalh\u00e3es; RIGUETE, Heitor. Re-a\u00e7\u00e3o: Abra\u00e7o. Revista do Col\u00f3quio de Arte e Pesquisa do PPGA-UFES, Vit\u00f3ria, v. 3, n. 5, p", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\n222-234, 2013.)12 6 Further information and a deeper reflection about the event, including the action/intervention of the artist-researchers involved, can be found in this text. The research group, which in this case was also a collective for aesthetic-political invention, is called the Conjunct Plan of Spacialities - PLACE, within the Art and Politics research area (CAr/UFES)", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nLike so many other capital cities throughout Brazil, Vit\u00f3ria was the stage for dozens of protests, many of which were brutally repressed by the police; in turn, protestors often reacted to and resisted this repression. In a certain moment, these protestors occupied the state's Legislative Assembly and used the painting The Resurrection of Lazarus, by the painter Levino Fanzeres, as a barricade", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nSoon thereafter, in a protest that reached Anchieta Palace - an architectural conjuncture that is the seat of state government - protestors, facing strong police repression, decapitated a sculpture, The Boy and the Dolphin, by the sculptors Pedro and Fernando Gianordoli. They also damaged the staircase, as well as several of the palace's windows", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nPolice repression of protestors resulted in injuries caused by rubber bullets, nightsticks, stun grenades, tear gas, and pepper spray, in addition to the detention or arrest of 71 people.", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nIn response to these protests, the Union of Professional Fine Artists of the State of Esp\u00edrito Santo promoted the \"Embrace Against Vandalism Act\", during which the union president declared that the worst injury sustained during the protests was suffered by the fine arts", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nIn reaction to this declaration, certain members of the aforementioned research group organized an intervention called Re-Action: Embrace, in which they stamped the word patrimony on the bodies of artists, activists, and protestors in general; especially on their arms, as though these might function as shields", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nThis action alluded clearly to the commotion of the local artists' union, acting in chorus with the state's largest communications corporation (TV Gazeta, affiliated with Rede Globo)13 7 A seemingly monolithic television conglomerate that dominates the majority of the Brazilian broadcast market. (T. N.) and with constituted powers in general, in response to the damage, or supposed damage, caused to cultural patrimony during the protests.", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nThe extent to which the hegemonic notion of public cultural patrimony is confluent with bourgeois values - values that reflect the naturalization of this bourgeoisie imposing its own aesthetics and tastes - is clear", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nThis is the case no matter how unsustainable these aesthetics and tastes have become, and in spite of the circulation of the studies, such as those used throughout this text, that explains how the urban project and its agenda implicate themselves in the relations of the inhabitants of its physical and symbolic spaces", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nIn the midst of the values, naturalized over time, that sustain the bourgeois program for the city resides the idea that the values dear to a certain dominant group will be recognized and preserved by the entire population that lives or survives in the city", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nThis is how all kinds of predatory exploitation of public spaces by governments, generally aligned with private interests, take place: through a faith postulated in the aesthetic values of a city constantly renewed by fa\u00e7ade-events and possibilities for embezzling profits. However, the logic of unvalued people within this programmed process stalls the city's machinery with every manifestation of its images and every reverberation of its sounds", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nEven when these manifestations and reverberations are continually erased, edited, captured, or silenced by the city government, they reactivate themselves at any given opportunity. Graffiti tags of the urban epidermis add themselves to homeless peoples' performances, which contaminate multitudes in protests, which in turn cause injury, here and there, to the swindling elegance of the city enslaved by and to events", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nIn a time thoroughly crossed over by the incommensurable harassment of visual images, the traces left by multitudes or by their individual members - whether in the streets' exteriority or in public buildings' interiority, whether in the opportune anonymity of restrooms or the daring conquest of an old painting in a high-class space, such as in the galleries and salons of the Rio de Janeiro City Council Chamber - offer elucidating clues as to the aesthetic potency that surpasses all normatizations of the pretentious commercial and political environment of the arts", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nLikewise, they impose a re-dimensioning of those contemporary artworks granted to the public space. After all, the murderous Colonel resisted time through the same ideological mechanisms and through the same regimes of truth that sustained the infamous relationship between a certain conception of art and the market. Therefore, the horns left on the front of the murderous soldier do more than demonize, derisively, this character that was almost lost to time", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nThey signal, in the first place, the impossibility of establishing power over the city. But they also make clear that the victory of the multitude in protest cannot be measured through officially conquered gains, but rather through the event of being together in reordering the spaces and values of art and the city, and of the interchange of one within the other, no matter how provisory this may seem.", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nThus, the situation exposed through the protestors' action on the painting configures a scene, a state of almost caricaturist violence, which leads us to an example of the effect of art. The municipal parliamentary building is a space that ought to be public, a place of the city's political representation", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nHere, the enunciations of power that are usually produced in the semiotic operation of erecting palaces full of art - frescos, paintings, sculptures, railings, windows - in a resourceful administration, and through the capture of equally resourceful creative flows, become surplus value for the state: they wind up opening wide the bloody violence of this state on the extreme periphery of capitalism", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nEven if it is difficult, today, to hold up as a constant reference that old capitalist division between center and periphery, it is exactly what this building contains in terms of historical contents and patrimony that unleashes the horror of a past that insists on marking us physically. This is a past that follows us and marks us through daily violence exercised by the state and/or by proto- and para-state power, both macro- and micropolitical", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nIn point of fact, through forms that are often, but not always, different from what occurs in capitalist countries in the Global North - which guarantee the production of surplus value through a profusion of productive flows that generate a truly aesthetic inflation - we in Brazil have often been victims of the worst types of violence. These types of violence impede many of these same productive/creative flows, so that only a few might persist", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nIt is true that, today, one cannot say that there is a reduced number of productive flows in Brazil to the same extent that there was in the period that preceded our industrialization. However, to a certain extent, a notable violence still exists that acts against the series of movements of subjective and objective production that occur beyond the oligarchies that insist on not losing their political and economic control", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nIn capitalism's central countries, this creative/productive profusion manifests in an exemplary form within the so-called fine arts. These, in turn, are part of a paradigm and expression of the intensification of social production to its limits; in other words, of the decodification and liberation of flows of desire that singularize the capitalist socius in relation to what came before it", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nThe fine arts have been objects for both material and libidinal stockpiling: a seminal act of the state that thereby constitutes a sort of semiotic surplus value, an encoded surplus value of itself. In this way, these forms of the vainglorious pride of the bourgeoisie and of its people are assembled in a skillful semiotic construction of identitary symbols of the people of the state in its cities and its palaces", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nAnd, as we have known since Hobbes, the people are constituted when subjects relinquish their singularities in the name of a transcendent instance, such as the state, or sovereignty. However, in countries like Brazil, and some of its neighbors, this condition appears to suffer a type of exhaustion, a type of weakness that - paradoxically and tragically (in the most joyful sense of the word) - might even be freeing to us, or at least might reveal something.", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nWe have no doubt that something pathetic was encrusted in the painting of the Colonel, even before he had horns scribbled on his head. To begin, we might consider that, as in any capital of or any city in a modern, Western country, the building that houses the Rio de Janeiro City Council Chamber was built in search of the usual equation of modernity. Which is to say, a public building (or would it merely be a palace of the state, or of power?) is equal to artistic-cultural patrimony", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nHowever, as soon as the painting, supposedly so historically and culturally valuable, was installed in the heart of the palace, it revealed something that might horrify even the good manners - the good culture and the good education - of those who worked for this sort of theologization of art as part of the sacrilization and reification of power14 8 Here, Benjamin relates the emergence of theories that defend art for art's sake as a reaction to the emergence of the first technique of reproduction that, for him, is truly revolutionary: in other words, photography", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nAccording to Benjamin, art foresaw the emergence of a crisis here, and it reacted to this threat by creating what, for Benjamin, would be a theology of art, a theology that spread into a negative theology, rejecting all social functions of art. (Benjamin, 1994BENJAMIN, Walter. A Obra de Arte na Era da Reprodutibilidade T\u00e9cnica. In: BENJAMIN, Walter. Magia e T\u00e9cnica, Arte e Pol\u00edtica. S\u00e3o Paulo: Brasiliense, 1994. P. 165-196.)", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nThis is because the personality, the historical figure chosen to be painted, portrayed, and exhibited on the walls of the municipal legislative house, was (or is) that of a colonel personably responsible for commanding the massacre of two popular uprisings; for overriding all laws, and all of the most basic principles of democratic rights; and for ordering and committing cruel tortures and executions against rebels with his own hands", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nThe action of the political activists who scribbled horns on the soldier's face - and who probably did not know the historical figure portrayed on that painting deconstructs the semiotic operation that, in Brazil, as in all modern nations, constructs the aforementioned relation between power (especially the symbolic headquarters of power) and artistic historical patrimony", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nHowever, it also highlights the failure of this operation, which already resided in the fact that a state-sponsored genocidal killer, a coldblooded murder, had been chosen to be exhibited in what ought to be the headquarters of democratic representation. It is in this sense that we see a tragic element through which - as is typical of tragedy - a violent and destructive force can free for itself a potential for inventiveness and social re-creation.", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nThe horns, in this sense, served as a sort of readymade produced by the protestors. This was also the case with Duchamp's urinal, which ought to have been part of an installation, was subsequently refused, but that nevertheless succeeded in carrying out an intervention in this institutional space of art", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nThe tracing on the portrait of the Colonel, painted by an Italian artist, reveals how a certain ethos organizes itself as a clich\u00e9: as a closed sensory-motor scheme, a bond of predefined and well-determined sensations and signs", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nWe see this in the monumentality of the building; in the repetitive vocabulary, closed in on itself, of the political rhetoric of the mechanisms of representation; in the way in which both of these aspects compose the aesthetic structure, including aspects of semiotics; and in the rituals of instances in which political power, as in ancient magical rites, makes its decisions - its truths and its sentences -appear at the rites' end.", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nThere can be no doubt that a palace of arts - like a building of power, or a cultural patrimony as a headquarters of the state - produces, in and of itself, an effect of art. Here, we know very well what potency and creative freedom are necessary to bring these into existence. This potency and freedom take on distinct forms of expression that are joined in these spaces, no matter how autonomized they might be", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nIn fact, even modernist painting, which is quite distinct from a portrait of an historical personality; even sculptures such as those by Rodin or Brancusi, which were not made to occupy these palaces; and even sculptures in the amplified field, and the installation of contemporary art have, in many cases, come to accessorize these beautiful, monumental - not to say splendid - houses of power", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nAnd our exaggeration of these adjectives is intentional: it exalts all of this patrimony, which is to say that all of us have so often experienced the inventiveness contained herein; every one of us who, in conjunction, wrote this text.", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nWe recall, inevitably, Michel Foucault's reflection, and the perspicacious way with which he saw that diverse forms of power cannot resist for long if they are not capable of producing the most diverse forms of pleasure, or of making these forms of pleasure available", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nIn fact, the state intimidates not only through horror, but also through the sublime sensations that it is capable of providing and that - especially in relation to capitalist production - pass through its management, through a process of capturing, through the aforementioned stockpiling of artistic production, and through the fomenting of this production. This, in turn, may generate dangerous and much-welcome lines of flight", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nIt is not by chance that Deleuze comments that religious painting, in its most varied searches for the body of Christ, manages to be more profane than even modernist painting hoped to be.", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nThe artistic intervention, the aesthetical-political action of the activists who drew the horn on the front of Colonel Moreira C\u00e9sar, the genocidal Cutthroat Colonel - was the reversal of marvels and of intimidating horror: it was an effect of art in the inverse sense provided by the palace and by the painting", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nThis opportune action took place in the midst of a city where the reality of mega events makes the most contemporary dispositifs of surveillance and security increasingly constant components of the violent actions of police authorities, especially the Military Police. These authorities are so barely civilized that they seem to take figures like Colonel Moreira as their inspiration.", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nThe revelation of a genocidal killer in a space of representation - meaning a space where, theoretically, the political and social production of the city ought to converge - clearly reveals, thanks to an artistic intervention, not only that mechanisms against democracy are born from the very heart of political representation, but also that all of this aesthetic monumentality projects itself against the city. The equation that we see in Rio de Janeiro is both curious and reckless", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nPalaces of the arts and sciences arise, like the infamous Museum of Tomorrow on Pra\u00e7a Mau\u00e1; the authorities do not even need to construct headquarters of political power in order to exercise the functions of the state. These buildings project themselves, in a sort of performative architecture, onto one of the regions of the city undergoing the most violent gentrification", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nA few years before, also on Pra\u00e7a Mau\u00e1, while some artists drank sparkling wine with the most powerful local and national politicians, hundreds of police, including some riot squads, impeded artistic collectives from carrying out their interventions. This was the inauguration of the Rio Museum of Art (MAR). We are faced with an art that is not merely ornamental: it is also a foundation of the shock of order15 9 \"Shock of Order\" is municipal public improvement program in Rio de Janeiro", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nModeled on \"zero tolerance\" initiatives in other cities, it targets misdemeanors and other minor offenses as a means of deterring criminal behavior in general. (T. N.) , part of the biopower that separates bodies, that cleanses. It is aesthetics against the poor, the ugly, and the uncultured, even if the poorly disguised catholic compassion of our supposedly enlightened intellectuals points to these figures as victims of a lack of investment in education", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nAnd the hygienism is not only a molar operation, coming from the center of the state; it also disseminates itself in a micropolitical way through the fascism of groups, of militias, of proto- and para-state mafias. It was not exactly the state or the military police, but instead a local militia that recently caught and tortured a group of graffiti artists in a popular commercial area in downtown Rio de Janeiro.", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nBut there is no break it down, no mandatory vaccine16 10 A reference to the mandatory yellow fever vaccinations that sparked a violent popular uprising in Rio de Janeiro in 1904 (T. N.). to completely defeat this virus. H\u00e9lio Oiticica knew very well what he was doing when he tried to get the Mangueira samba school to enter the Modern Art Museum in 1965", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nIn a similar way, the composer Tom Z\u00e9 recently compared the distortion of funk music to the aesthetic innovations of bossa nova, a profanation of something that has become a symbol of good taste and sophistication for the local and national bourgeoisie. As a result, he suffered a sort of public execration. In one way or another, these were interventions in spaces of art, which recall Duchamp sending his Fountain to the Salon of Arts", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nHowever, the graffiti artists and taggers returned the next week; they returned by the dozen, as a re-action against the tortures that their comrades had suffered. They painted, tagged, and grafitti'd various buildings in the city center in a sort of reversion of this hygienism, a counter-legacy of the mega event that has become another legacy, through a shock that has nothing to do with order. Meanwhile, in the City Council Chamber, the horns were removed, and the portrait restored", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nThe transport cartel continues to control the city, and almost all of the urbanization and construction laws planned for the World Cup and the Olympics were approved. However, if a small plaque had been placed alongside the painting, while the scribbled horns were still there, naming it as art, we might have - even with all these contradictions - some sort of legacy of the counter-legacy", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nIn any case, there is another virus - the Zika virus - that is currently circulating through the hygienized city in an expression of a counter-aesthetic that is at once material and symbolic. It is a counter-effect of art that now threatens the Apollonian bodies, so disciplined and healthy, of the athletes who will arrive for the Olympics.", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nBENJAMIN, Walter. A Obra de Arte na Era da Reprodutibilidade T\u00e9cnica. In: BENJAMIN, Walter. Magia e T\u00e9cnica, Arte e Pol\u00edtica. S\u00e3o Paulo: Brasiliense, 1994. P. 165-196.\nBORNHEIM, Gerd. A Filosofia do Romantismo. In: GUINSBURG, Jacob (Org.) O Romantismo. S\u00e3o Paulo: Perspectiva, 2005. P. 75-111.\nDELEUZE, Gilles; GUATTARI, F\u00e9lix. L'Anti-OEdipe: capitalisme et schizophr\u00e9nie 1Paris: L\u00eas Editions de Minuit, 1972.", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nDELEUZE, Gilles; GUATTARI, F\u00e9lix. Mille Plateux: capitalisme et schizophr\u00e9nie 2 Paris: L\u00eas Editions de Minuit , 1980.\nDELEUZE, Gilles. GUATTARI, F\u00e9lix. Qu'est-ce que la Philosophie? Paris: L\u00eas Editions de Minuit , 1991.\nCABANNE, Pierre; DUCHAMP, Marcel. Engenheiro do Tempo Perdido. S\u00e3o Paulo: Perspectiva , 2002.\nFURLAN, Reinaldo. Carne ou Afecto: fronteiras entre Merleau-Ponty e Deleuze-Guattari. Revista Dois Pontos, Curitiba/S\u00e3o Carlos, v. 8, n. 22, p. 99-130, 2011.", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nHARVEY, David. Rebel Cities: from the right to the city to the urban revolution. London: Verso, 2012.\nHARVEY, David. Cidades Rebeldes: do direito \u00e0 cidade \u00e0 revolu\u00e7\u00e3o urbana. S\u00e3o Paulo: Martins Fontes, 2014.\nLAZZARATO, Maurizio; NEGRI, Antonio. Trabalho Imaterial: formas de vida e produ\u00e7\u00e3o de subjetividade. Rio de Janeiro: DP&A, 2001.\nLEFEBVRE, Henri. Writings on Cities. Translated and edited by Eleonore Kaufman and Elizabeth Lebas. Blackwell Publishers: Malden, USA, 1996.", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nLEFEBVRE, Henri. O Direito \u00e0 Cidade. S\u00e3o Paulo: Centauro, 2001.\nMAFFESOLI, Michel. O Tempo das Tribos: o decl\u00ednio do individualismo. S\u00e3o Paulo: Florence Universit\u00e1ria, 2006.\nNEGRI, Antonio. Dispositivo Metr\u00f3pole. A Multid\u00e3o e a Metr\u00f3pole. Revista Lugar Comum, Rio de Janeiro, n. 25-26, p. 201-208, 2010.", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nOLIVEIRA, Silfarlem de; RIBEIRO, Gisele; LOPES, Diego Kern; MELO, J\u00e9ssica Magalh\u00e3es; RIGUETE, Heitor. Re-a\u00e7\u00e3o: Abra\u00e7o. Revista do Col\u00f3quio de Arte e Pesquisa do PPGA-UFES, Vit\u00f3ria, v. 3, n. 5, p. 222-234, 2013.\nRANCI\u00c8RE, Jacques. Ser\u00e1 que a arte resiste a alguma coisa?. In: LINS, Daniel (Org.). Nietzsche e Deleuze: arte resist\u00eancia. Tradu\u00e7\u00e3o: M\u00f4nica Costa Netto. Rio de Janeiro: Forense Universit\u00e1ria, 2007. P. 9. Dispon\u00edvel em: <Dispon\u00edvel em: www.sescsp.org.br/sesc/conferencias >. Acesso em: 01 fev. 2016.", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\n\u00bb www.sescsp.org.br/sesc/conferencias\nRANCI\u00c8RE, Jacques. Pol\u00edtica da Arte. Urdimento: Revista de Estudos de Artes C\u00eanicas do Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Teatro da UESC, Florian\u00f3polis, n. 15, p. 51, 2010. Dispon\u00edvel em: <Dispon\u00edvel em: www.sescsp.org.br/sesc/conferencias >. Acesso em: 01 fev. 2016.\nThis unpublished text, translated by Raphael Soifer and proofread by Ananyr Porto Fajardo, is also published in Portuguese in this issue.", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nA popular uprising that took place in northeastern Brazil between 1896 and 1897. Its brutal suppression ultimately resulted in the deaths of an estimated 25,000 people. (T. N.)", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nIn this text, specifically in reference to the thought of the romantic philosopher Friedrich Schlegel, the Brazilian philosopher and critic Gerd Bornheim (2005BORNHEIM, Gerd. A Filosofia do Romantismo. In: GUINSBURG, Jacob (Org.) O Romantismo. S\u00e3o Paulo: Perspectiva, 2005. P. 75-111., p. 93) writes: \"[...] the artist, the poet, becomes a sort of priest for men, because he is the one who best manages to make the finite communicate with the infinite.\"", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nIn relation to Sartre, Merleau-Ponty seems to have taken a position in search of immanence that negates emptiness, and, consequently, negating negativity and placing flesh in this sort of ontological place that inaugurates perception. However, for Deleuze and Guattari, he continues to maintain transcendence by making his mole's work in immanence, when he affirms that there is a difference between the my flesh and the flesh of things.", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nDeleuze and Guattari have a disquieting reading of Nietzsche's Genealogy of Morals, which they describe, in the chapter \"Savages, Barbarians, Civilized Men\" of Anti-Oedipus, as \"the great book of modern ethnography.\" (Deleuze; Guattari, 1972DELEUZE, Gilles; GUATTARI, F\u00e9lix. L'Anti-OEdipe: capitalisme et schizophr\u00e9nie 1Paris: L\u00eas Editions de Minuit, 1972. , p. 225).", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nA group of intellectuals and artists who founded the International Situationist, defending a revolutionary vision of art and an absolutely aesthetic reading of politics. The French thinker Guy Debord was among the group's leadership. The Situationists played an important role in the events of May, 1968 in Paris. In a general sense, they defended the creation of revolutionary situations instead of traditional forms of struggle", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nThese situations took place through aesthetic-artistic interventions, derives, happenings, and other strategies that would cause a certain shock (such as posters, graffiti, and specific chants). The Situationists were also characterized by their discussion of the capitalist city, in opposition to urbanism as it has been structured in modernism; this discussion resulted in a series of actions and interventions in the city, of which the derive has become the best known.", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nFurther information and a deeper reflection about the event, including the action/intervention of the artist-researchers involved, can be found in this text. The research group, which in this case was also a collective for aesthetic-political invention, is called the Conjunct Plan of Spacialities - PLACE, within the Art and Politics research area (CAr/UFES)\nA seemingly monolithic television conglomerate that dominates the majority of the Brazilian broadcast market. (T. N.)", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nHere, Benjamin relates the emergence of theories that defend art for art's sake as a reaction to the emergence of the first technique of reproduction that, for him, is truly revolutionary: in other words, photography. According to Benjamin, art foresaw the emergence of a crisis here, and it reacted to this threat by creating what, for Benjamin, would be a theology of art, a theology that spread into a negative theology, rejecting all social functions of art.", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\n\"Shock of Order\" is municipal public improvement program in Rio de Janeiro. Modeled on \"zero tolerance\" initiatives in other cities, it targets misdemeanors and other minor offenses as a means of deterring criminal behavior in general. (T. N.)\nA reference to the mandatory yellow fever vaccinations that sparked a violent popular uprising in Rio de Janeiro in 1904 (T. N.).\nSep-Dec 2016\nThis is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nUniversidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro - UERJ, Rio de Janeiro/RJ, BrazilUniversidade do Estado do Rio de JaneiroBrazilRio de Janeiro, RJ, BrazilUniversidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nAldo Victorio Filho holds a teaching certificate and a B.A. in Fine Arts from Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), and Masters and Doctoral degrees in Education from the Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ). He is a Professor in UERJ's Arts Graduate Program (PPGARTES), and coordinator of the Teaching Certificate program in Visual Arts at UERJ's Institute of Arts. He leads the Research Group in Cultural Studies in Education and Art (CNPq - UERJ/UFRJ) E-mail: [email protected]", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nRodrigo Gu\u00e9ron is Adjunct Professor at the State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ). He is a scientific researcher and ex-adjunct coordinator of UERJ's Graduate Program in Arts, and head of the department of Artistic Languages at its Institute of Arts. E-mail: [email protected]", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nJonatas Martin Puga is a Masters student in the Graduate Program in Arts at UERJ. He is a photographer, and is active in art and politics with the Kompromat Collective. He holds a B.A. in Social Sciences from the Institute for Philosophy and Social Sciences (IFCS/UFRJ), a graduate certificate in Photography - Image, Memory, and Communication - from C\u00e2ndido Mendes University (UCAM). He teaches sociology in the Rio de Janeiro state public school system. E-mail: [email protected]", "The Cutthroat Colonel's Horn: An Aesthetic-Political Action\nUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Av. Paulo Gama s/n pr\u00e9dio 12201, sala 700-2, Bairro Farroupilha, C\u00f3digo Postal: 90046-900, Telefone: 5133084142 - Porto Alegre - RS - Brazil\nE-mail: [email protected]"]

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82051, 0.03333333]], \"rps_doc_ml_palm_score\": [[0, 82051, 0.95024556]], \"rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score\": [[0, 82051, null]], \"rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score\": [[0, 82051, 0.66826355]], \"rps_doc_books_importance\": [[0, 82051, 125.89046669]], \"rps_doc_openwebtext_importance\": [[0, 82051, 1203.93378735]], \"rps_doc_wikipedia_importance\": [[0, 82051, 1211.49630788]], \"rps_doc_num_sentences\": [[0, 82051, 616.0]]}"}

RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15863030

Cellular signaling by fibroblast growth factor receptors - PubMed

["Cellular signaling by fibroblast growth factor receptors - PubMed\nCytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2005 Apr;16(2):139-49. Epub 2005 Feb 1.\nCellular signaling by fibroblast growth factor receptors.\nEswarakumar VP1, Lax I, Schlessinger J.\nYale University School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, 333 Cedar Street, P.O. Box 208066, SHM B-295, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.", "Cellular signaling by fibroblast growth factor receptors - PubMed\nThe 22 members of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family of growth factors mediate their cellular responses by binding to and activating the different isoforms encoded by the four receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) designated FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3 and FGFR4. Unlike other growth factors, FGFs act in concert with heparin or heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) to activate FGFRs and to induce the pleiotropic responses that lead to the variety of cellular responses induced by this large family of growth factors", "Cellular signaling by fibroblast growth factor receptors - PubMed\nA variety of human skeletal dysplasias have been linked to specific point mutations in FGFR1, FGFR2 and FGFR3 leading to severe impairment in cranial, digital and skeletal development. Gain of function mutations in FGFRs were also identified in a variety of human cancers such as myeloproliferative syndromes, lymphomas, prostate and breast cancers as well as other malignant diseases", "Cellular signaling by fibroblast growth factor receptors - PubMed\nThe binding of FGF and HSPG to the extracellular ligand domain of FGFR induces receptor dimerization, activation and autophosphorylation of multiple tyrosine residues in the cytoplasmic domain of the receptor molecule", "Cellular signaling by fibroblast growth factor receptors - PubMed\nA variety of signaling proteins are phosphorylated in response to FGF stimulation including Shc, phospholipase-Cgamma, STAT1, Gab1 and FRS2alpha leading to stimulation of intracellular signaling pathways that control cell proliferation, cell differentiation, cell migration, cell survival and cell shape", "Cellular signaling by fibroblast growth factor receptors - PubMed\nThe docking proteins FRS2alpha and FRS2beta are major mediators of the Ras/MAPK and PI-3 kinase/Akt signaling pathways as well as negative feedback mechanisms that fine-tune the signal that is initiated at the cell surface following FGFR stimulation.", "Cellular signaling by fibroblast growth factor receptors - PubMed\n10.1016/j.cytogfr.2005.01.001\nFibroblast Growth Factors/genetics\nFibroblast Growth Factors/physiology*\nKallmann Syndrome/genetics\nModels, Molecular\nMusculoskeletal Abnormalities/genetics\nNeoplasms/genetics\nProtein Isoforms/physiology\nReceptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/physiology*\nReceptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor/physiology*\nSignal Transduction/physiology*\nReceptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor\nFibroblast Growth Factors\nReceptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases\nR01-AR051448/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/United States"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

http://publications.gov.sk.ca/details.cfm?p=67782

Publications Centre

["Publications Centre\nHome / Publications Centre / Cabinet Secretariat / OC 387/2013 - KidsFirst Regional Program Grants for $753,850 (2013-2014 Fiscal Year) (Minister of Education)\nOC 387/2013 - KidsFirst Regional Program Grants for $753,850 (2013-2014 Fiscal Year) (Minister of Education) - Publications Centre\nOC 387/2013 - KidsFirst Regional Program Grants for $753,850 (2013-2014 Fiscal Year) (Minister of Education)\nTitle: KidsFirst Regional Program Grants for $753,850 (2013-2014 Fiscal Year)", "Publications Centre\nSummary: Orders that the Minister of Education is approved to provide a grant to the organizations and in the amounts listed below, in an amount not to exceed $753,850, for the purpose of supporting the continuation of the KidsFirst Regional Program, whose goal is to align existing services and stimulate community development towards responding to the needs of young children within vulnerable families for the period April 1, 2013 to March 31, 2014:", "Publications Centre\nBoard of Education of the Chinook School Division No. 211 of Saskatchewan) $75,385\nBoard of Education of the Good Spirit School Division No. 204 of Saskatchewan $75,385\nBoard of Education of the Prairie Valley School Division No. 208 of Saskatchewan $75,285\nBoard of Education of the South East Cornerstone School Division No. 209 of Saskatchewan $75,385\nLloydminster School Division No. 99 $75,385\nFive Hills Regional Health Authority $75,385\nHeartland Regional Health Authority $75,385", "Publications Centre\nKelsey Trail Regional Health Authority $75,385\nPrince Albert Parkland Regional Health Authority\t $75,385\nSaskatoon Regional Health Authority $75,385"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://atom.lib.byu.edu/mormonbib/1099/

9902d | Mormon Bibliography, 1830–1930 | ATOM

["9902d | Mormon Bibliography, 1830\u20131930 | ATOM\nCallahan, D. A\nA catalogue of new and second hand books selected from the stock of Callahan's \"old book\" store. Formerly Raymer's \"old book\" store. Chiefly books on Mormonism. . . .\nIn printed illustrated wrapper\nSome description of the books but chiefly a list of those offered for sale\nNjP, NN, UPB, USl, USlC", "9902d | Mormon Bibliography, 1830\u20131930 | ATOM\nPrinceton University, Princeton, New Jersey; New York Public Library, New York, New York; Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah; Salt Lake City Public Library, Salt Lake City, Utah; Church Historical Department, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Salt Lake City, Utah"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/iplj/vol19/iss3/1/

"E.U. COPYRIGHT TERM EXTENSION" by Susanna Monseau

["E.U. COPYRIGHT TERM EXTENSION by Susanna Monseau\nHome > IPLJ > Vol. Volume XIX > No. 3 (2009)\n\u201cFit for Purpose\u201d: Why the European Union Should Not Extend the Term of Related Rights Protection in Europe.\nSusanna Monseau, The College of New Jersey", "E.U. COPYRIGHT TERM EXTENSION by Susanna Monseau\nThis paper argues that the European Union should not, as it currently proposes, extend the term of protection for sound recordings in Europe. It compares the U.K. government\u2019s current policy that the scope and length of copyright protection for sound recordings should not be extended, with that of the European Union which, encouraged by the French government particularly, has recently proposed an extension from the fifty-year term to a ninety-five-year term of copyright protection for sound recordings", "E.U. COPYRIGHT TERM EXTENSION by Susanna Monseau\nIt analyzes several major independent reviews of the evidence on extending copyright protection for sound recordings, including the findings and recommendations of the December 2006 Gowers Review of Intellectual Property, an independent study commissioned by the U.K government, the University of Amsterdam Institute for Information Law report for the European Commission on the harmonization of copyright and related rights protections in Europe, and subsequent government consultation and strategy documents on proposed changes to U.K", "E.U. COPYRIGHT TERM EXTENSION by Susanna Monseau\nlaw. It also reviews the positions taken by other stakeholders, including the music industry, academics and the media, in this debate, and analyzes the likely direction of the law in Europe.", "E.U. COPYRIGHT TERM EXTENSION by Susanna Monseau\nSusanna Monseau, \u201cFit for Purpose\u201d: Why the European Union Should Not Extend the Term of Related Rights Protection in Europe., 19 Fordham Intell. Prop. Media & Ent. L.J. 629 (2009).\nAvailable at: https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/iplj/vol19/iss3/1"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://clintonwhitehouse3.archives.gov/WH/EOP/OSTP/CTIformatted/chap7/7matrls.html

7. Materials

["7. Materials\nMaterials allow the achievement of a wide range of national goals. Improved materials can help our economic prosperity, our health, our security, and the quality of our lives. A few materials contribute only to a single national goal. For example, our national security is enhanced by new combat aircraft that use stealth materials to help control their signature, but such materials are not at all desirable in use for commercial aircraft which need to be visible and easily identifiable", "7. Materials\nThe ubiquitous nature of materials, entering into almost every industry and activity, makes materials a key set of enabling technologies for a multitude of goals. Advanced alloys, ceramics, composites, and polymers are enabling technologies for, among other ends, high-performance aerospace and surface transportation. This supports both civil and military systems", "7. Materials\nFunctional materials, such as diamond thin films, can provide enhanced physical and electronic characteristics for a wide range of applications in the manufacturing and electronics industries. In turn, this couples not just to economic goals, but to other goals, from environmental to space exploration. New materials are also key to many manufacturing developments, whether through improving existing products or through creating entirely new possibilities.", "7. Materials\nNo single assessment of the performance of the United States could be appropriate across a range as broad as that represented in the technology sub-areas, and indeed, the international position of the United States in Materials is mixed. Although generally leading, there are some areas where the lead is shrinking or a lag has appeared. Some of these assessments are familiar, as the foreign lead in materials for semiconductor manufacturing, or the U. S. lead in polymer matrix composites", "7. Materials\nOthers may be less familiar, as the good U. S. position in ceramic composites, where we do not yet lead the Europeans, but appear better positioned than the competition for the emerging market. Our long concentration on materials science has paid dividends. The specifics of the assessment are presented in the text of the section. The summary of the U.S. relative position and trends from 1990 to 1994 are shown in Figure 7.1.", "7. Materials\nAlloys are a set made up of combinations of metallic elements. The news about alloys is the ability of new material processing techniques to combine hitherto incompatible materials. This has created alloys with new characteristics, such as high temp capabilities unavailable before.", "7. Materials\nAlloys contribute to job creation and economic growth through efficiencies in production of automobiles and aircraft, in construction, and in other industries where materials can be created for specialized applications. Alloys contribute to enhanced national security by allowing the creation of better quality and less expensive military equipment.", "7. Materials\nThe United States has a slight overall lead in metals technologies, but there are important areas in which foreign firms are equal or slightly ahead. France, the United Kingdom, and Russia, for example, are all about equal to the United States in aluminum-lithium alloy technology. Russia is quite strong with capabilities very close to those of the United States in many areas of advanced metals, including titanium, aluminum, and superalloys", "7. Materials\nRussian high-strength titanium alloys, if performance claims are true, are equal if not superior to corresponding materials in the United States. France, at the forefront of European aluminum-lithium alloy technology, is being helped by cooperation with Russia. The United States retains a slight technology lead in high-purity titanium alloys, but French research for the next generation of aerospace-grade titanium alloys is approaching U.S. research in terms of goals and achievements. U.S", "7. Materials\nand European firms, driven primarily by their aerospace industries, have a technology lead in superalloys which are used in a variety of high-temperature and corrosive environments, ranging from jet engines to chemical processing plants. Japan recently completed a national-scale project to develop superalloy capabilities and further research is underway to match U.S. and European capabilities in producing state-of-the-art single-crystal superalloys for aerospace applications", "7. Materials\nJapan's production capabilities cannot yet match those of U.S. and European firms, but its focus on manufacturing should lead to improvements.", "7. Materials\nThe United States was the first country to perform engine tests of intermetallic gas turbine blades and has a clear technology lead. German, French, and Japanese research has been comparable to that performed in the United States, but has generally focused more on research than on near-term applications development. The Japanese have developed an intermetallic for turbine blades, but its overall properties are behind those in the United States", "7. Materials\nAlthough the United States currently has the lead, both in technology and production capabilities, Europe and Japan are close enough that many industry observers expect the future market to be evenly split, with each country favoring indigenous production. Russia may have an advantage in its ability to weld advanced alloys, which can help in some applications of those alloys.", "7. Materials\nCeramics are polycrystalline non-metallic materials. These materials are used in pure form as well as in the form of ceramic matrix composites. (See Composites below.) Ceramics are ideally suited for high-temperature applications, especially in advanced turbine engines, thus increasing engine operating temperatures, making the engine more efficient while lowering overall weight", "7. Materials\nCeramics are now being used for many applications that previously involved metals, including cutting tools and automobile engine parts. The problem with ceramics is their brittleness, cost, and difficulty of manufacture. The high brittleness makes ceramic parts extremely prone to impact damage, usually resulting in catastrophic failure. Brittleness might be overcome by using ceramic matrix composites or by new superplastic ceramic technology", "7. Materials\nThe ability of ceramics to be molded allows for the creation of specialized shapes, and the reinforcement of ceramics with composites creates materials of great toughness. Nevertheless, monolithic ceramics will, most likely, see only limited application on advanced turbine engines. One of these applications is the use of ceramics in advanced engine bearings. Significant weight savings over metal bearings will allow engines to achieve higher shaft speeds.", "7. Materials\nCeramics contribute to job creation and economic growth in several ways. Their lower heat conduction helps engine efficiency, particularly for diesels, while ceramic coatings reduce friction between automobile engine parts, making automobiles more productive in world markets. In addition, to contributing to efficiency in production, ceramics contribute to improved environmental quality by improving fuel economy and reducing emissions", "7. Materials\nBy reducing friction between parts and lowering the need for lubricants, ceramics also contribute the U.S. national security by reducing the need for logistical support, and thereby improving U.S. global power projection capabilities and effectiveness of warfighting in unconventional conflicts.", "7. Materials\nThe major area of Japanese materials strength is in ceramics. Japanese ceramic fibers and powders are believed by industry experts to be the highest quality in the world. Ube's \"Tyranno\" fiber and Nippon Carbon's \"Nicalon\" and \"Hi- Nicalon\" are considered the best silicon carbide fibers available for use in ceramic composites. Japan currently ranks first in the world in applying monolithic ceramic components such as turbocharger rotors to automotive engines", "7. Materials\nThe willingness of Japanese automakers to incorporate ceramic parts into their production automobiles has given Japan valuable experience in real world applications. Kyocera and NGK Spark Plug, which began introducing ceramic turbochargers for use in Japanese automobiles in the late 1980s, are now mass producing turbochargers and ceramic exhaust valves. Although German companies are developing similar ceramic valves, they have not begun using them on a production scale", "7. Materials\nJapan has also applied ceramics to machine tool parts such as bearings, rollers, and tool inserts. The technology necessary to produce these components provides Japanese firms with the basic building blocks for eventual production of components for more demanding applications such as cruise missile engines, auxiliary power units, and industrial and aircraft gas turbine engines", "7. Materials\nJapanese firms benefit from active government support as well as from spin-off capabilities flowing from their dominance of electronic ceramics. Japan's lead in ceramics is directly attributable to a focus on monolithic ceramics, whereas other countries, such as the United States, have allocated more resources to developing ceramic composites for comparable structural applications.", "7. Materials\nComposites are materials which are composed of fibers embedded in a matrix. The matrix material in powder or liquid form is combined with reinforcing fibers in a mold, where the combination is subjected to heat and pressure to fuse the part together. Different materials can serve as the matrix, including metals, ceramics, and plastics", "7. Materials\nThe characteristic of composites that makes them most attractive is their ability to provide increased strength and stiffness at smaller weights than would be needed from conventional materials. The weight reduction permits significant improvements in military and civilian applications. As an example, composite materials reduce aircraft empty weights and increase fuel fractions, leading to smaller, lower-cost aircraft that use less fuel to perform a given mission", "7. Materials\nFor airliners, this translates into simple economics, leading to overseas sales--or purchases. For military aircraft composites reduce weight, and therefore life-cycle cost and fuel usage. Also, composite materials lend themselves well to stealth applications. Forty percent of the structural weight of the F-22 will be polymer composites, and it is highly likely that advanced transport aircraft will also make high use of composites", "7. Materials\nThe metal-matrix composites use metal rather than plastic as the matrix. Usually the metal is in the form of a powder which is combined with the reinforcing fibers in a mold, where the combination is subjected to heat and pressure to fuse the part together. Metal matrix composites (MMC's) have advantageous properties of higher strength, stiffness, wear resistance and elevated temperature properties, and are especially applicable for high-temperature uses such as in jet engines", "7. Materials\nMany metal matrix-composites can be machined on the same apparatus used for traditional metals and some can be welded. Matrix materials include nickel, superalloys, titanium alloys, aluminum alloys, magnesium, copper, intermetallics, and steels. Fibers include, silicon carbide (SiC), refractory metal wires, and carbon fibers, among others.", "7. Materials\nMetal matrix composites have the potential to significantly affect future propulsion systems, as well as airframes. One metal matrix composite being investigated is fiber-reinforced titanium which is about three times stronger for a given weight than nickel superalloy at temperatures up to 1500[[exclamdown]]F.", "7. Materials\nCeramics are attractive as composite matrix materials in aerospace applications because they offer increased turbine inlet temperatures while lowering overall weight. Unfortunately, at this time ceramics are brittle, costly, and difficult to manufacture. The high brittleness of purely ceramic parts which makes them extremely prone to impact damage may be overcome by using ceramic matrix composites.", "7. Materials\nThere are two types of composites. In one, fibers are uniformly mixed with the matrix and a material with isotropic properties is created. A second type of composite involves aligning fibers in a specific direction in order to create materials with much greater strength in a direction of greatest loads. While composite materials offer numerous advantages in weight and fuel efficiency, their application has been rather limited to date in the commercial world", "7. Materials\nOne reason is that the cost of manufacturing composites remains substantially higher than metals due to the large amount of hand labor, and the weight savings do not always justify their use. However, if the production process were to be more automated, the manufacturing cost of composites could become competitive with metals.", "7. Materials\nComposites are key to making lighter cars, an important part of meeting the PNGV goals of improved fuel efficiency without sacrificing safety which would make the new generation of U.S. automobiles more competitive on world markets. Composites contribute to the efficiency and competitiveness of the aerospace industry for the same reasons", "7. Materials\nNew composites are already being introduced for surface (non- structural) parts of buildings, and will probably be used for structural elements in the future, contributing to the health of the U.S. construction industry in the U.S. and to competitiveness of U.S. construction companies on world markets. The ability of composites to reduce weight while maintaining strength is a contributor to enhancing national security and warfighting capabilities as well", "7. Materials\nEurope and Japan are slightly behind the United States in composite technology. European firms lead in developing and using ceramic matrix composites (CMCs), although they rely on the high-quality, low-cost ceramic fibers available from the Japanese. France is the world leader in CMC technology with applications in nozzle flaps for the M-88 gas turbine engine for the Rafale. Japan has focused primarily on monolithic ceramics and is significantly behind European and U.S. efforts in CMCs", "7. Materials\nDespite the current European lead in CMC research, the United States has excellent long term prospects. Europe's lead is based largely on the R&D efforts of the French firms Societe Europeane Propulsion (SEP) and Aerospatiale on silicon carbide/silicon carbide composites aimed primarily at military and aerospace applications, although they continue to rely on reinforcing fibers from Japan", "7. Materials\nHowever, industry estimates predict that the major sectors for CMC applications will be in industrial applications such as radiant burners and heat exchangers. The United States--with CMC programs aimed at developing industrial applications--would gain the most from such a scenario, while France would likely need a substantial redirection of research strategy.", "7. Materials\nThe United States pioneered research in polymer matrix composites (PMCs) in the 1960s and continues to lead the world in this technology. PMCs are attractive for a number of applications--including civil and military aircraft, industrial equipment, and automotive components--due to their excellent strength-to-weight ratios and design flexibility", "7. Materials\nWhile manufacturing costs continue to limit the wide-scale introduction of PMCs into advanced applications, industry experts believe a growing acceptance in the automotive and commercial aerospace industries will offset shrinking military markets. The Japanese are ahead in some manufacturing processes, such as co-curing and tooling; and European companies have made important advances in compression moldings and tape-laying processes", "7. Materials\nEurope is using advanced polymeric composites to a limited degree in primary structural components for new aircraft such as France's Rafale fighter, Sweden's Gripen fighter, the Euro 2000 fighter, and the Airbus 330/340 civil transport.", "7. Materials\nThe United States, Europe and Japan are all actively developing metal-matrix composites, largely for use in the aerospace industry, and there is currently no clear leader in this field. U.S. and French firms have a slight technological lead in the quality of finished products, but British and Japanese companies have performed notable research on the processing of metal-matrix composites", "7. Materials\nCurrently, the only commercial systems using metal-matrix composites are satellite frames, but these materials have significant potential in turbine disks for jet engines, where they can lower the weight of the engine components by as much as 50 percent. The United States and Britain have led recent efforts to incorporate these materials into jet engines.", "7. Materials\nThe United States and France pioneered carbon-carbon composites research, and remain the technology leaders. Carbon-carbon composites, because of their ability to withstand high temperatures and high stresses, were originally developed for use in missile nozzles and re-entry vehicles, but they are seeing increased application in low- technology applications such as aircraft brakes", "7. Materials\nBecause use has been limited by high processing costs, much of the current research is geared toward developing more efficient processing methods. Although a French team at the Center for Aerospace Studies recently developed a manufacturing method which could reduce the cost of finished materials. Japanese companies are the world leaders in carbon-carbon weaving technology", "7. Materials\nGermany's efforts have been waning in the past few years, with BASF, one of the largest manufacturers, selling their composites division. U.S. and French firms are likely to maintain their lead in carbon-carbon composites over the Japanese, who perform good research, but lack the applications opportunities that have driven other efforts", "7. Materials\nJapan has successfully manufactured carbon-carbon products used for the OREX, a materials test bed reentry vehicle for the HOPE space plane, and has manufactured prototype carbon- carbon leading edge, nosecap, and flat panel components also intended for HOPE.", "7. Materials\nElectronic materials include various semiconductors whose electronic properties can be easily controlled. Improvements in electronic materials combined with improvements in manufacturing techniques support a variety of civilian and military applications ranging from medical imaging to signal processors for military systems. They are essential to the health of the U.S. electronics industry, as well as to a variety of other industries which now incorporate electronics in their products", "7. Materials\nImproved electronic materials are essential to the creation of the U.S. national information infrastructure, as well as to the creation of the intelligent vehicle-highway systems, and the creation of \"smart buildings.\" Several industry R&D partnerships are focused on electronics, including improvements in materials and uses. Development of advanced electronic materials is essential to the success of NEMI in invigorating the U.S. electronics manufacturing sector", "7. Materials\nBecause of the military's increasing reliance on smarter platforms and weapons, and more timely information and communications, electronic materials are critical for a variety of defense and warfighting applications.", "7. Materials\nForeign firms are generally ahead of the United States in technology for electronic and photonic materials-- particularly in technology for producing silicon wafers for microelectronic devices. Japanese and European firms are now producing state-of-the-art eight-inch wafers and are ahead in work on larger-diameters. MITI is funding 70 percent of a seven-year, $180 million project to standardize on a 16-inch wafer for future production", "7. Materials\nThe project includes the nine Japanese companies and two German firms that together control 90 percent of the current world market, and could consolidate foreign control over this technology sector. Firms in other regions, such as Korea and Taiwan are trying to establish independent silicon wafer production facilities and developing wafer technology to support their semiconductor industries. Some larger wafer size will likely become the de facto standard.", "7. Materials\nJapan and Europe are roughly equal to the United States in gallium arsenide (GaAs) wafer technology--the leading alternative to silicon as a semiconductor substrate material. Companies in all three regions are working to improve GaAs wafers by lowering defect densities or forming an insulating layer that could extend applications. GaAs substrates, however, are facing competition from silicon which has a much larger market and is much cheaper", "7. Materials\nPhotonic materials are largely varieties of special electronic materials. The specific technologies under photonic materials include semiconductor lasers, laser arrays, and detectors. These comprise the transmitters or sources and receivers used in any optical system. The interoperability of information technologies with photonic materials and optoelectronic devices in general is critical for the entire communications industry", "7. Materials\nThus, the sub- technology areas of telecommunication/data routing, photonic materials, and optoelectronics should be considered jointly.", "7. Materials\nThere are two basic classes of photonic materials: electronic materials with controllable and appropriate optical properties for optical-electronic transducers (GaAs and GaAlAs), and silica glasses for long-distance transmission of optical signals", "7. Materials\nBecause they allow faster computing and transmission of information over wider bandwidths, photonic materials make a particularly important contribution to harnessing information technology by allowing distributed access to information ranging from multi-media entertainment to medical diagnostics.", "7. Materials\nPhotonic materials are also widely used for military applications. These include: communication and navigation, laser radar, electronic warfare, guidance and control of smart weapon systems and unmanned vehicles, sensors (including: sonar, gyro, and focal plane arrays), and simulation and training. In all of these applications the key components involve sensors and detectors, laser arrays, and communication networks.\nHigh energy-density materials", "7. Materials\nHigh energy-density materials include explosives, munitions, and improved propellants. Advanced propellants increase performance of rocket boosters and help reduce visible plume signatures under certain atmospheric conditions, thereby decreasing the potential for in-flight detection. New very powerful explosives can significantly increase the effectiveness of precision-guided munitions, such as missiles and torpedoes, against hard targets", "7. Materials\nNew fuel-air explosives and advanced explosives could lead to improved conventional weapons that would be more effective against their intended targets. While main applications of high energy-density materials are military, there may also be some applications to space launch since the U.S. needs a higher ISP solid rocket.", "7. Materials\nRussia is the world leader in advanced propellants, with work in advanced oxidizers and other key technologies taking place earlier than similar work in the United States. The French possess equivalent technology to that of the United States in high-energy density solid rocket propellant capabilities having produced comparable motor case materials, nozzles, and propellants", "7. Materials\nThe French have an impressive R&D effort, which has produced energetic propellants and composite motor case materials, both of which are now being used on new generations of weapons systems. However, the French-- paralleling similar decisions by both the United States and Japan--have chosen to use older technology in the development of the Ariane 5 boosters. The technology used for these boosters was developed from solid rocket motors on the Ariane 3 and 4 and on French ballistic missiles", "7. Materials\nJapan is several years behind the United States in solid rocket technology, primarily in motor case materials and propellants. Japan developed and manufactured HTPB binders and propellants approximately eight to ten years after the United States based on original technology for composite propellants obtained under license from the U.S. company, Morton Thiokol. Currently, the performance that the Japanese obtain from their HTPB propellant is comparable to similar products in the United States", "7. Materials\nThe Japanese prefer the reliability of HTPB-based propellants and probably will not pursue more energetic propellants for boosters because of the associated hazards.>", "7. Materials\nHighway and infrastructure materials include new pavings made from recycled asphalt and such familiar materials as cement. In addition to materials that are being created specifically for infrastructure applications, older materials, such as cement, are being improved through a better understanding of their structure and the incorporation of microscopic fibers forming a composite structure", "7. Materials\nThese new materials, many of which are already used overseas, would make a significant contribution to the improvement in the physical transportation infrastructure. The effect on job creation and economic growth would be both direct, through the creation of jobs in the transportation sector, and indirect, through the creation of jobs in other sectors which rely on the availability of better and more economical transportation", "7. Materials\nThese materials would also contribute to enhancing infrastructure survival characteristics in earthquakes and other natural disasters.", "7. Materials\nThe United States has been a leader in the development of and use of high performance concrete (HPC), with compressive strengths above 10 ksi. Several other countries are moving aggressively to exploit HPC technology, including Canada, France, Japan, Norway and Sweden. In France, for example, designers routinely use HPC with strengths from 8 to 14 ksi in bridges and buildings", "7. Materials\nIn addition to HPC, several countries, including Britain, France, Germany and Sweden are making significant advances in chemical-resistant concrete and high-precision concrete construction. Strengths to 100 ksi may soon be possible and are currently being studied in France.", "7. Materials\nIn France, high performance surface dressing for asphalt pavements is being used, and requires special equipment for its placement. High-performance asphalt (HPA) is also the focus of interest in Germany where hot-mixed rubberized asphalt and reclaimed asphalt pavements are widely being used. Work in Sweden and Britain is producing pavers and blocks utilizing fly ash that may prove commercially viable.", "7. Materials\nAlthough the United States established an early lead in the development and introduction of high-performance steel (HPS) with yield points up to 100 ksi, the rest of the world has recently caught up and taken the lead", "7. Materials\nIn catching up, steel makers in Japan and Europe have used new technology to overcome two of the major problems in manufacturing the new class of quenched and tempered steels: high energy consumption because of repeated heating, cooling and reheating; and fabrication requiring great care so that welded joints have the same desirable properties as the parent material. Japan is currently the world leader in weldable and fire-resistant HPSs", "7. Materials\nOver the past few years, Japanese and European producers have reported significantly improved mechanical properties for steels produced using special thermomechanical controlled processing (TMCP), and they have installed the facilities to produce these steels. In the United States the first production facility will not be installed at least until 1995.", "7. Materials\nCurrently, the United States enjoys a leading role in advanced-composites technology, essentially based upon defense work. Large scale research efforts in Europe and Japan are now being accelerated and threaten to undercut the United States' leading role within the next decade. There is a large potential market for advanced composite materials (ACM) in the rehabilitation of our highway infrastructure, but ACM are not economically viable in most civil applications at current cost levels", "7. Materials\nNew, more affordable processes for manufacturing composite structures for civilian infrastructure are being developed in the United States and several are being funded, in part, by ARPA. Unlike the United States there are a number of composite bridges in England, Europe and Japan. Japan is far ahead of the United States in the development of this new market.", "7. Materials\nBiocompatible materials\nBiocompatible materials are discussed in detail in Living Systems/Medical Technologies.\nStealth materials", "7. Materials\nStealth using low-observable materials enables the control or reduction of signatures of weapon systems. This is only possible in conjunction with a sophisticated design process that incorporates signature as an important operating parameter. The emphasis to date has been on the radar signature, and thus radar-absorbing materials have been the focus of development. The continual challenge is to develop new, lighter materials that are more easily integrated into military systems", "7. Materials\nA particular challenge will always be near turbine engines where the demands of high-temperature behavior meets demands for radar properties. Stealth materials include special coatings and materials which can be shaped in special ways.", "7. Materials\nSignatures are those characteristics by which these systems may be detected, recognized, and engaged. The modification of these signatures can improve survivability of military systems, leading to improved effectiveness and reduced casualties as demonstrated in the Persian Gulf conflict.", "7. Materials\nEurope and Japan are behind in applied stealth technology as evidenced by U.S. aircraft programs such as the F-22, B-2, and F-117A. Most of the applied foreign low-observable work involves basic shaping, material coating techniques, and signature testing requirements. Europe has been led by France, Sweden, Germany, and the United Kingdom in various types and levels of low-observable applications", "7. Materials\nApplications on fighter aircraft have generally been at fundamental applied levels, primarily using absorbent coatings, limited structural shaping, and absorbent structure. Applications seem to be limited to the areas with highest signature return rather than application to an entire airframe. European firms are also working on stealth technology applications to cruise missiles and unmanned aerodynamic vehicles", "7. Materials\nAdvanced Japanese fighters, like the FS-X, could deploy low-observable technology, but Japanese firms are probably better positioned as materials suppliers than as users.>", "7. Materials\nSuperconductors are materials that conduct electricity without loss. Such materials are used for high-field magnets in several applications, such as high-energy physics and high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance imaging machines. They are also used to construct sensitive instruments for measuring changes in magnetic fields, and are then used in medical instruments and in geological exploration", "7. Materials\nHigh-temperature superconductors are a relatively recent discovery. Providing the theoretical understanding of these materials could contribute to the goal of achieving world leadership in materials science. The losses in electric transmission could be reduced if high-temperature superconducting transmission lines became practical, providing less expensive power for job creation and economic growth", "7. Materials\nWhen the materials become commercially viable, their effects could also include cheaper magnetic levitation transportation systems, and better scientific infrastructure for those fields that use superconducting magnets.", "7. Materials\nJapan probably has a slight edge over the United States in superconductors based on a large and diverse research program emphasizing power as well as medical and electronics applications. Both are about equal in low-temperature superconductors (LTS) magnet technology, but each country has different areas of emphasis", "7. Materials\nJapan is ahead in applying LTS magnets to transportation applications such as magnetic levitation vehicles and magneto-hydrodynamic ship propulsion, whereas the United States has focused on magnets for high- energy physics including fusion research. Although LTS applications continue to be the mainstay of superconductor research, efforts on high-temperature superconductors (HTS) have continued and the development of wires, microwave devices, and magnetic field detectors is nearing the applications stage", "7. Materials\nEurope, led by Germany, trails the leaders by a few years. Russia has some capability, particularly in LTS for manufacturing wires and magnets. Much of this strength probably derives from work on fusion devices and particle accelerators.", "7. Materials\nAircraft structures are a particular example of combining design tools, fabrication techniques, and specific materials to create more highly optimized physical structures. Structural technology has always been a key driver for aircraft advancement", "7. Materials\nThe use by Chanute and the Wright Brothers of the braced box concept instead of the earlier, bird-like structural design approach was one of the factors that made manned flight possible, and the use of stressed- skin metal construction (such as the DC-3) made the commercial transport a viable economic proposition. Structural technology has a primary influence on aircraft empty weight, which directly drives purchase price and operating cost, as well as influencing range and payload.", "7. Materials\nAircraft structures are essential to competitiveness in the aerospace industry, with impact on both commercial and military segments. The fibers of polymer matrix composites can be aligned, forming a material with anisotropic properties. If carefully designed for an application, such materials allow a lighter, smaller structure to replace larger, usually metal ones. So far, the application of such structures has been limited to those demanding the highest performance", "7. Materials\nThese have usually been in the aerospace industry, frequently in military systems. Part of this limitation comes from the difficulty in fabricating complex structures from the materials. In the example of polymer matrix composites, this has been manifested as a difficulty in arranging the fibers in the pattern needed; the usual solution is expensive, because it is labor-intensive. For many applications, these problems are compounded by the difficulty of optimally designing with such materials.", "7. Materials\nAircraft structures make a contribution to meeting job creation and economic growth by contributing to the success and competitiveness of the U.S. aircraft industry. They also contribute to meeting the U.S. warfighting capabilities by enhancing performance of military aircraft.", "7. Materials\nJapan lags Europe and the United States in computational structural mechanics for aircraft applications, and has relied heavily on Western-developed computational mechanical analysis tools to support most of its advanced aircraft structures programs. In the commercial sector, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Fuji Heavy Industries and Kawasaki Heavy Industries all use Dassault's CATIA 3-dimensional structural modeler", "7. Materials\nJapanese development of commercial codes is limited; integrated aero-structural-controls analysis and optimization approaches are still being explored at the research level. Although the major aircraft design and manufacturing firms are familiar with recent international development in the multidisciplinary optimization field, most of the interest is in obtaining and using U.S. and European techniques and software, including NASTRAN and CATIA.", "7. Materials\nThe European aircraft production industry is slightly behind the innovative developments now entering applied engineering in the most advanced U.S. fighter and commercial aircraft acquisition programs. European aircraft computational mechanics activities have applied efforts of sophisticated technology in both military and commercial aircraft programs", "7. Materials\nComputer-aided engineering and manufacturing can permit designers and manufacturing engineers to meet in the preliminary design phase to integrate requirements and technology limitations early in the design cycle as well as throughout the development process. The result is an airframe optimized to the respective key performance specifications, whether as a military fighter or a commercial passenger aircraft", "7. Materials\nThe benefits are avoidance of costly delivery delays and re-engineering work during the fabrication phase. The Eurofighter 2000 and the French Rafale have extensively used both U.S. and indigenous developed finite element analysis (FEA) and structural optimization software to advanced the airframe technology to state-of-the-art relative to mechanical performance and physical characteristics", "7. Materials\nThe French have been using Dassault's CATIA design software package coupled with ELFINI FEA that has a demonstrated capability to handle the \"paperless\" design and prototype engineering tasks without requiring physical articles. In the commercial sector, Airbus Industrie also employs a host of U.S. and European commercial software products. Airbus Industrie is reported to have moved from physical prototype design process to a full paperless design process with its A330 and A340 aircraft.", "7. Materials\nEurope is behind the United States in hot structure airframe designs and materials for components for the extreme thermal, mechanical, and acoustic loads in many projected applications. Despite some impressive growth in the past five years, recent economic pressures have slowed or stopped several key programs. The European Space Agency's (ESA) and its membership continue to look for piecemeal applications of individual sub-technologies of the troubled HERMES space plane Program", "7. Materials\nMost European hypersonic flight vehicle programs have been drastically reduced or stopped. Examples include the financially troubled ESA FESTIP study and the now defunct German Hypersonic Technology Program (formerly Sanger Program). Overall, the Europeans apparently are trying to maintain hot structure technology programs while attempting to find new applications to sustain advanced development.", "7. Materials\nJapan is also behind the United States in hot structure design, test, and production. Japan has closely studied and attempted to duplicate or commercially acquire many aspects of the hot structure production process. Their National Aeronautics and Space Development Agency (NASDA) and the National Aerospace Laboratory (NAL) have managed government- funded programs in single-stage and two-stage space transportation concept development and associated design and materials development", "7. Materials\nThese efforts will impact future high-speed civil aircraft and hypersonic aircraft initiatives under study. Japanese funding to establish and improve indigenous capabilities in advanced material processing, lightweight thermal structure manufacturing and test facility infrastructure have been well reported", "7. Materials\nAlthough their general capabilities in hot structures have grown recently, Japanese firms still lag the United States in critical engineering and technology areas, including aerothermal and structural analysis codes, test facilities, and materials development.", "7. Materials\nThe United States has a substantial lead in actively cooled structures. Europe is still generally conducting fundamental research on structural materials, coolant design and function, and thermal-aerodynamic cooling phenomena characterization. The European leader, France, does have some near-term applications of actively-cooled structures, primarily because of its military-funded requirements in hypersonic flight vehicles (i.e., aircraft and missiles)", "7. Materials\nThe French have done extensive work in computational models for hypersonic flow condition and boundary layer interface. This effort could help an actively-cooled structure designer to evaluate this concept before expensive prototype development and tests occur. Some work has also been done by Germany, but future activities may cease with the official demise of the national hypersonic program. Japan's actively cooled structures technology also remains behind that in the United States", "7. Materials\nThe bright spot is the amount of funding still potentially available to develop actively cooled structure in applied high-speed flight vehicles. Some aircraft and space plane programs being managed by NAL include structure concepts that will require the levels of thermal-mechanical performance that actively cooled structures are best suited to perform. NASDA's HOPE vehicle does not drive structure requirements to include actively cooled structures", "7. Materials\nThis explains why Japanese research and development efforts have not aggressively attacked this area yet. Further maturation of NAL's single-stage space plane or a hypersonic passenger aircraft could accelerate the current pace of development."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

http://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/faq

FAQ | Scripps CO2 Program

["FAQ | Scripps CO2 Program\nScripps CO2 Program\nHistory & Legacy\nThe Early Keeling Curve\nKeeling Curve Lessons\nCharles David Keeling Biography\nScientific Tributes\nAtmospheric CO2\nSeawater CO2\nPrimary Mauna Loa CO2 Record\nSampling Station Records\nCampaign Data\nIce-Core Merged Products\nMauna Loa Record\nMauna Loa and South Pole\nIsotopic Data\nCO2 Extraction Rack\nCurrent:FAQ\nHow do we know that CO2 is increasing in the atmosphere?", "FAQ | Scripps CO2 Program\nHigh precision measurements of atmospheric CO2 made by the Scripps CO2 Program and other organizations show that its average global concentration in 2006 was more than 381 ppm; about 70 ppm higher than the first direct atmospheric measurements made in the 1950s. Records from Mauna Loa and the South Pole show nearly the same rate of rise over time; demonstrating that the rise is global in extent (see plot)", "FAQ | Scripps CO2 Program\nMeasurements from dozens of sites around the world now confirm the overall rise (NOAA/ESRL Global Monitoring Division). Almost all of these measurements have been made by high precision non-dispersive infrared gas analyzers which are calibrated using internationally agreed protocols. The standards used to calibrate the instruments are subject to rigorous international quality control procedures and peer review", "FAQ | Scripps CO2 Program\nThe result is a series of datasets made by several laboratories in both hemispheres all confirming the current increase in atmospheric CO2.", "FAQ | Scripps CO2 Program\nHow fast is CO2 increasing in the atmosphere and is this changing?\nThe rate of increase of atmospheric CO2 shows large variations from year to year. Initial high precision measurements of atmospheric CO2 showed average growth rates of less than 1 ppm/year in the 1950s and 1960s. However in the latter half of the 20th century and in the first few years of the 21st century the average growth rate had more than doubled to about 2 ppm/year.\nHow do we know that the CO2 increase is caused by human activities?", "FAQ | Scripps CO2 Program\nIndustry data provides detailed figures of fossil fuels used in various sectors. This data can be used to calculate the amount of CO2 released into the atmosphere by combustion of the fuels. The emissions are more than sufficient to explain the observed increase in atmospheric CO2", "FAQ | Scripps CO2 Program\nCareful analysis of the atmospheric CO2 data collected by Scripps and other organizations shows that CO2 is increasing at a rate that is about 44% slower than would be expected if all the CO2 from the burning of fossil fuels stayed in the air. The real puzzle is to explain where the missing 44% of the emissions have gone. The answer is that this \"missing\" CO2 is absorbed by both the oceans and the terrestrial biosphere", "FAQ | Scripps CO2 Program\nOn average over the last 50 years the oceans and the terrestrial biosphere have continued to \"mop up\" this amount of CO2. Whether they will continue to do this as atmospheric CO2 concentrations continue to increase is a critical question and the subject of intense international research.", "FAQ | Scripps CO2 Program\nOther evidence for a human cause: 1) There are no known natural sources of CO2 sufficient to account for the recent increase. 2) There are no known sinks of CO2 sufficient to have absorbed all the CO2 from fossil-fuel burning. 3) For more than 10,000 years prior to the industrial revolution, atmospheric CO2 levels were essentially constant (see below), which shows that the recent increase is not natural", "FAQ | Scripps CO2 Program\n4) The increase in CO2 has been accompanied by a decrease in O2 (see Scripps O2 Program) and by changes in the ratios of the isotopes of carbon (see below) in the CO2. The O2 and isotopes changes indicate that the CO2 increase was derived from the oxidation of old organic matter - consistent with burning fossil fuel. 5) The pattern of CO2 increase since 1958 has closely mirrored that of fossil-fuel burning (see plot).", "FAQ | Scripps CO2 Program\nIf one looks at the minute-by-minute data from Mauna Loa, one finds rare occasions when the CO2 is elevated from emissions from fumaroles upwind on the mountain. The fumaroles are emitting constantly, so the timing of the events depends on wind direction and not changes in volcanic activity. These events impact only a tiny faction of the data and are easily distinguished from rest of the record", "FAQ | Scripps CO2 Program\nThe reported version of the Mauna Loa record has been \u201cfiltered\u201d to remove these events, as well as other certain other local effects, as described in the early publications (see Keeling 1960 Tellus paper).", "FAQ | Scripps CO2 Program\nWhen snow falls it traps air. In polar and other regions where the snow never melts it eventually forms ice and this air is entrained in tiny bubbles. Typically about 100 mls of air are contained in every 1 kg of ice. Thus polar ice acts as a kind of an \"air museum\" providing us with information on the composition of the atmosphere up to more than half a million years ago in the past. Extraction and gas analysis techniques tell us what the concentrations of CO2 were in the atmosphere before 1950", "FAQ | Scripps CO2 Program\nCO2 concentrations measured from ice collected at Law Dome glacier in the Antarctic show that atmospheric CO2 has been remarkably constant at about 270 to 280 ppm over about the last 1000 years until the 18th century when it began to rise. As of 2005, the level had risen to 378 ppm, an increase of 35%. On the basis of ice core records the current CO2 concentrations are unprecedented for at least the last 650,000 years.", "FAQ | Scripps CO2 Program\nCO2 molecules are made from the elements carbon and oxygen. Both carbon and oxygen contain isotopes which are atoms with the same numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons. Because of this, the mass of each isotope is slightly different and this leads to CO2 molecules with different masses. The most common isotope of carbon, 98.9%, is carbon-12 denoted as 12C with an equal number of protons and neutrons in its nucleus", "FAQ | Scripps CO2 Program\nCarbon-13, denoted 13C, has 6 protons and 7 neutrons in its nucleus and is much less abundant at about 1.1%. Both physical and chemical processes in nature can discriminate against the heavier 13C atom thus changing the 13C/12C ratio of molecules of CO2.", "FAQ | Scripps CO2 Program\nThese changes are very small but can easily be measured using modern isotope ratio mass spectrometers to 1 part in 100,000. Because different sources of atmospheric CO2 have different 13C/12C ratios isotope measurements of CO2 can be used to \"fingerprint\" CO2. CO2 derived from the combustion of fossil fuels, for example, has a lower ratio of 13C to 12C than carbon in the oceans or emitted by volcanoes.", "FAQ | Scripps CO2 Program\nCO2 concentrations are reported in units of micromoles of CO2 per mole of dried air, which is typically called a part-per-million, or ppm. A concentration of 390 ppm therefore means that there are 390 CO2 molecules for every million air molecules in the sample, or equivalently 390 moles of CO2 per million moles of air. Normal air contains variable amounts of water vapor. We measure the CO2 concentrations after removing the water by freeze drying", "FAQ | Scripps CO2 Program\nThe concentration reported is therefore not sensitive to how much water vapor was initially in the sample. The concentration in ppm units is also not sensitive to the temperature or pressure of the sample. Although changes in temperature and pressure can change the density of air (via the gas law), this changes the number of moles of CO2 and air proportionally, leaving the concentration in ppm unchanged."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.lexisnexis.com/lawschool/resources/p/casebrief-impson-v-structural-metals-inc.aspx

Lexis+® - Sign In | LexisNexis

["Lexis+\u00ae - Sign In | LexisNexis\nImpson v. Structural Metals, Inc.\n487 S.W.2d 694\nAn excused violation of a legislative enactment is not negligence. However, where there is no valid excuse for the violation, a finding of negligence per se is appropriate.", "Lexis+\u00ae - Sign In | LexisNexis\nPetitioner trucker collided with and injured respondent accident victim when he was illegally passing on the left within 100 feet of an intersection, in violation of a criminal statute. Because the trial court found negligence per se against petitioner, it did not submit any negligence issues to the jury", "Lexis+\u00ae - Sign In | LexisNexis\nPetitioner sought review and the lower court affirmed the finding of negligence per se, but reversed and remanded for a new trial because the jury did not make a special finding on the negligence issues of justification or excuse. Petitioner appealed, claiming that the lower court should have rendered judgment on his behalf.", "Lexis+\u00ae - Sign In | LexisNexis\nThe driver made his move deliberately, with knowledge of the law and with at least notice of the presence of the highway intersection. There was no impossibility, no reason for any particular hurry, no emergency, and no incapacity. The problem of greater risk of harm is not involved. If there was an emergency, it was only after the statutory violation had begun, and was due in large part to his own deliberate conduct."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

http://physics.louisville.edu/astrowiki/index.php?title=Programming_for_Physics_and_Astronomy&oldid=2347

Programming for Physics and Astronomy - AstroEdWiki

["Programming for Physics and Astronomy - AstroEdWiki\nProgramming for Physics and Astronomy\nFrom AstroEd\nRevision as of 04:54, 21 February 2018 by WikiSysop (talk | contribs)\nWe begin our short course on Python for Physics and Astronomy by considering the role of computing and the need for programming skills in current research.", "Programming for Physics and Astronomy - AstroEdWiki\nOnly 50 years ago, most physics and astronomy research relied on the analytical skills of the scientist, on the tools of classical mathematics that were taught to them as students, and in some cases on data management and numerical analysis done by hand", "Programming for Physics and Astronomy - AstroEdWiki\nToday, cutting edge research often requires high speed computing for simulation and data analysis, interactive tools to enhance extraction of relevant information from multi-parameter databases, access to automated and robotic instrumentation, and management of incomprehensibly large data sets. The issue for the researcher in training is not whether computing skills are needed, but which ones are most critical.", "Programming for Physics and Astronomy - AstroEdWiki\nBroadly classed, there are several options:\nPackaged commercial, proprietary, licensed programs and tools (e.g. Excel, Maxim ...)\nLicensed proprietary programming environments (e.g. IDL, Matlab, Mathematica ...)\nOpen source tools (e.g. GDL, ds9, Grace, Sage ...)\nProgramming languages (e.g. C, C++, Fortran, Java, Python ...)\nWeb resources (e.g. HTML, Javascript, PHP, Perl ...)", "Programming for Physics and Astronomy - AstroEdWiki\nIn order to decide which of these apply to your own research, consider a larger question of what role computer science plays in contemporary physics and astronomy, and in what direction your research field is headed. Then, pick the tools that solve the problem at hand, realizing that the skills you develop at each step raise you up to reach a solution for the next, unknown, problem", "Programming for Physics and Astronomy - AstroEdWiki\nIn some cases, continued reliance on an old, inefficient, but proven, method only delays the need to acquire new skills and knowledge.", "Programming for Physics and Astronomy - AstroEdWiki\nAn interesting perspective on the significance of large data base sciences was offered by Chris Mattmann in a Nature Commentary, in which he pointed out that the Square Kilometer Array (SKA), scheduled to have first light in 2020, will generate 22,000,000,000 terabytes (TB) of data per year! In the optical regime, the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) has a 3.2 giga-pixel (3200 mega-pixels) camera taking images in 15 second exposures throughout the night", "Programming for Physics and Astronomy - AstroEdWiki\nThe resulting images will offer a nightly record of nearly the entire sky in an open, publically accessible database reaching 24th magnitude in single exposures, and 27th magnitude in stacked images of fields of 10 square degrees. There will be multi-dimensional data products from the LSST that will require exceptional unique tools to use effectively.", "Programming for Physics and Astronomy - AstroEdWiki\nCurrent physics and astronomy research relies on several languages and computing environments, and there is no single choice that is optimal for every problem. Typically, we would consider first what prior work has been done that can be used, what programming skills are required to add to the prior work, or to develop new applications, and the support that's available for the individual researcher when, inevitably, they need help. Here are a few common ones.\n1 Fortran\n3 Java\n4 Javascript\n5 IDL and GDL", "Programming for Physics and Astronomy - AstroEdWiki\nFortran (from \"Formula Translating\") made its first appearance in research use with the availability of IBM mainframe computers on university campuses and research centers in the 1960's. It is still a popular programming language, especially for high performance computing. Its original version was constrained by the use of punched cards for input and output, and vestiges of that remain in the system today", "Programming for Physics and Astronomy - AstroEdWiki\nThere are commercial optimized compilers available for most computing systems, and the effective and well-maintained GNU open-source compiler (gfortran) is available for Linux, Windows, and MacOS.", "Programming for Physics and Astronomy - AstroEdWiki\nFortran's handling of text input, processing, and output is awkward, and there is no standard graphical user interface. It's strong point today is in massively parallel computing.", "Programming for Physics and Astronomy - AstroEdWiki\nThe C programming language was developed at AT&T Bell Labs around 1970, and has become the most widely used programming language today. Derivatives, like C++, Java and even Perl and Python share features of its structure and syntax. The language is highly standardized, easily commented, and consequently readable if carefully annotated. Because it underpins most graphical user interfaces, there are libraries to utilize Motif, GTK, and Qt in C programs", "Programming for Physics and Astronomy - AstroEdWiki\nFree open-source C compilers are available for Windows, Linux, and MacOS. The the Linux world, the standard compiler is the GNU compiler collection or GCC, \"gcc\" on the command line. It is included in every base Linux installation.", "Programming for Physics and Astronomy - AstroEdWiki\nC is an excellent programming language for almost any application, and there are routines available in the public domain for many applications in physics and astronomy computing. Compiled C programs are readily optimized and excecute with speeds that take advantage of the most recent hardware in desktop and large multi-core computing environments", "Programming for Physics and Astronomy - AstroEdWiki\nFor example Nvidia's graphical processing unit (GPU) computing is fully supported, enabling thousands of separate processors or \"cores\" to be tasked to solve large problems.", "Programming for Physics and Astronomy - AstroEdWiki\nThe drawbacks to C are that development and debugging can be tedious in a write-compile-test-rewrite process, and that adding a GUI to an application is painstaking even in an integrated development environment (IDE). If an IDE such as Eclipse or Netbeansis used, then the resulting code cannot be easily read and debugged outside of the IDE, so the inherent advantages of a simple text file for each routine and readable code is often lost", "Programming for Physics and Astronomy - AstroEdWiki\nThe compiled code must be run in the environment in which it was written, so that C programs have to be compiled, and often debugged, for each target operating system.", "Programming for Physics and Astronomy - AstroEdWiki\nThe Java programming lanuage was developed by Sun Microsystems in the 1990's and made openly available under the GNU Public License (GPL) in 2007. When Sun merged into Oracle, a public open source version of Java known as Open Java Development Kit or OpenJDK became the community standard for collaborative development.", "Programming for Physics and Astronomy - AstroEdWiki\nThe Java environment is designed to allow programs to be written once and run anywhere, though some say \"write once, debug everywhere\" is an apt description. Javascript is a version of Java that runs in a browser and is almost essential for web applications. Java and Javascript are consequently among the most widely used programming methods.", "Programming for Physics and Astronomy - AstroEdWiki\nHowever, to date Java has not been widely used in astronomy so that when it is employed, the programmer has to create tools to handle most key astronomical functions. Conveniently, Java and C are similar, and translation of the common C code to Java is usually straightforward. Two new applications, AstroCC and AstroImageJ, from Karen Collins at the University of Louisville offer professional verified code to handle fundamental astronomy, image processing, and photometry.", "Programming for Physics and Astronomy - AstroEdWiki\nUnlike the other languages for the computer itself, Javascript is the language of browser programming. Think of your favorite among Google Chrome, Firefox or Safari as a computing platform within your computer or tablet, and you'll realize there are possibilities to use it for more than visiting websites. The modern browser runs on an \"engine\" that is a real-time operating system within your computer's environment", "Programming for Physics and Astronomy - AstroEdWiki\nAs such, it may have access to high level functions of the systems graphical processing units (GPUs) and the multiple processors on the central processing unit (CPUs). For physics and astronomy, the power of working within the browser is that it connects your local machine to the web and to you, and that it is highly optimized for fast interactive graphics", "Programming for Physics and Astronomy - AstroEdWiki\nAt its core, this is the design concept of the Google Chrome operating system for tablets and the Pixelbook, and could be at its best where the data reside elsewhere and the user interface to her data is the browser, programmed in large part with javascript.", "Programming for Physics and Astronomy - AstroEdWiki\nJavascript and physics are the power behind on line simulations and games, and provide astronomers with interactive access to terabytes of data acquired daily by their telescopes. It is, however, still a developing trend to use it for research, and is somewhat limited by the browser's self-imposed isolation from the computer it is running on. Nevertheless, there is a large world of unexploited possibilities in libraries such as D3js and ThreeJs for data visualization and simulation.\nIDL and GDL", "Programming for Physics and Astronomy - AstroEdWiki\nThe Interactive Data Language or IDL is popular in astronomy and medical imaging. It is a proprietary system (originally developed for astronomy) that can be very expensive to license except as a student. However, it offers a variety of well-tested routines that have been contributed by the original developers and users.", "Programming for Physics and Astronomy - AstroEdWiki\nThe GNU Data Language (GDL) is a free implementation of the same programming command set that, for the most part, is equilvalent to IDL. The IDL Astronomy User's Library at NASA works in both IDL and GDL. GDL has a useful interface to Python, so it can be utilized together with other comprehensive programming tools.", "Programming for Physics and Astronomy - AstroEdWiki\nThe primary disadvantage to IDL has been its cost, which makes it difficult for users not associated with well-supported research institutions to utilize. As GDL continues to improve, its IDL-like environment may see wider use in Physics and Astronomy.\nMatlab, Mathematica, Sage, and now SymPy", "Programming for Physics and Astronomy - AstroEdWiki\nTwo very well established tools for computer-based algebra and analysis are Mathematica and Matlab. Both are proprietary, and costly. Mathematica is widely used in mathematics and to a lesser degree in physics, biophysics, chemistry, and engineering. Matlab is seen in engineering and to a lesser degree in physics. Matlab is modular, so that a user would purchase only the parts of the system needed.", "Programming for Physics and Astronomy - AstroEdWiki\nNeither Matlab nor Mathematica have wide use in astronomy, and the available libraries for those disciplines are limited. The open source Sage is a promising alternative available for free. The new SymPy computer symbolic mathematics system built in pure Python is an easily added packaage.", "Programming for Physics and Astronomy - AstroEdWiki\nMathematica offers very good support for symbolic algebra and calculus, and for interactive multi-dimensional graphics. Matlab interfaces with some instrumentation, and with the LabVIEW programming environment from National Instruments. Experience with Matlab and LabVIEW is very worthwhile for careers in engineering and related commercial disciplines.", "Programming for Physics and Astronomy - AstroEdWiki\nThe drawback to Mathematica or Matlab is their proprietary nature, which greatly restricts the distribution and reuse of code. Further, while they may be free to use or available at low cost to students at universities that subscribe to the licences, to others both may be very expensive. For this reason, for new work in astronomy and physics, other systems are preferable if they will meet the need. Think Python.", "Programming for Physics and Astronomy - AstroEdWiki\nThe Image Reduction and Analysis Facility or IRAF is a software system developed at the National Optical Astronomy Observatories. It is currently released as free software without licensing restrictions and has some community support from its NOAO website and an independent users group at iraf.net.", "Programming for Physics and Astronomy - AstroEdWiki\nIRAF offers powerful well tested tools for working with astronomical data, and there are versions of it in use at many major observatories. New capability adding the Virtual Observatory (VO) toolbox makes it useful for the next generation of astronomical databases as well. Its strong point is the management of data from specfic observatory instruments for which the developers have created unique software", "Programming for Physics and Astronomy - AstroEdWiki\nIt is less useful, and considerably more cumbersome, for the routine processing of astronomical image and spectroscopic data that were not acquired within that framework. Unlike the other languages mentioned here, IRAF is not a general purpose computing environment, but a collection of applications specific to astronomy.", "Programming for Physics and Astronomy - AstroEdWiki\nPython (named after Monty Python's Flying Circus, not the Burmese snake) is a high level programming language that is finding wide acceptance in astronomy, physics, engineering, and computer science. While it is used as a scripting language, it is also modular and produces standalone executable code. Python is free, open source, and available for MacOS, Windows, and Linux. Most Linux operating systems come with Python installed", "Programming for Physics and Astronomy - AstroEdWiki\nMany links to applications of Python in astronomy are found at Python for Astronomers website, and by using a search engine such as Google.\nIf you are looking for reasons to use Python, here is a list or a few from an STSci tutorial on using Python in Astronomy:\nVery general and powerful programming language, yet easy to learn.\nStrong, but optional, Object Oriented Programming support\nVery large user and developer community, very extensive and broad library base", "Programming for Physics and Astronomy - AstroEdWiki\nFree with a non-restrictive Open Source license\nBecoming the standard scripting language for astronomy\nMany books and on-line documentation resources available (for the language and its libraries)\nExtensible plotting framework (matplotlib)\nUsable within many windowing frameworks (GTK, Tk, WX, Qt)\nPowerful image handling (multiple simultaneous LUTS, optional resampling/rescaling, alpha blending, etc)\nFast management of large data sets with Pandas, and conventional databases and spreadsheets", "Programming for Physics and Astronomy - AstroEdWiki\nIf that's not enough, then there's the Zen of Python:\nBeautiful is better than ugly.\nExplicit is better than implicit.\nSimple is better than complex.\nComplex is better than complicated.\nFlat is better than nested.\nSparse is better than dense.\nReadability counts.\nSpecial cases aren't special enough to break the rules.\nAlthough practicality beats purity.\nErrors should never pass silently.\nUnless explicitly silenced.\nIn the face of ambiguity, refuse the temptation to guess.", "Programming for Physics and Astronomy - AstroEdWiki\nThere should be one and preferably only one obvious way to do it.\nAlthough that way may not be obvious at first unless you're Dutch.\nNow is better than never.\nAlthough never is often better than right now.\nIf the implementation is hard to explain, it's a bad idea.\nIf the implementation is easy to explain, it may be a good idea.\nNamespaces are one honking great idea. Let's do more of those!\nPython for physics and astronomy\nGo back to Python for physics and astronomy"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.thewomanpost.com/3249/hadizatou-mani-and-her-anti-slavery-struggle-of-nigerien-women/

Hadizatou Mani and Her Anti-Slavery Struggle of Nigerien Women

["Hadizatou Mani and Her Anti-Slavery Struggle of Nigerien Women\nHadizatou Mani, and Her Anti-Slavery Struggle of Nigerien Women\nIn Culture, WE KNOW\nAlexandra Dom\u00ednguez Escobar\nThanks to her legal triumph and courage, she regained her freedom and set an important precedent for women in her country and throughout the African continent.\nIn the culture of Niger, it is legally allowed to have four wives, which is also due to the practice of Islam.\nRead more content like this at: thewomanpost.com", "Hadizatou Mani and Her Anti-Slavery Struggle of Nigerien Women\nHowever, beyond the law you can have a \"fifth wife\" or \"wahaya\", generally she is a minor bought from her family and subjected to domestic and sexual slavery. Despite being considered a \"fifth wife\", they are not granted the same rights as the four wives.\nTheir children also suffer contempt, and mistreatment, and are denied the right to go to school.\nNiger stands out for its high rate of child marriages worldwide (75%). A high percentage of girls have been sold as wahaya before reaching the age of 15.", "Hadizatou Mani and Her Anti-Slavery Struggle of Nigerien Women\nThe high rates of sexual violence put girls in exponential danger from the age of 10, which favors child marriages since families seek to marry them off thanks to the conviction that in this condition, they are less likely to be raped (even when under that agreed \"marriage\" become victims of physical and sexual violence).\nOne of the innumerable cases of wahaya is that of Hadizatou Mani.\nShe belongs to the Bouzou ethnic group, who are considered slaves by the Hausas ethnic group, who are generally masters.", "Hadizatou Mani and Her Anti-Slavery Struggle of Nigerien Women\nHer mother was a slave, so Hadizatou was also born a slave, that is how her mother's owner sold her to Elhadj Souleymane, a 46-year-old man when she was only 12 years old.\nHe had four wives and six \"wahaya\", Hadizatou Mani became the seventh.\nThe \"wahaya\" live in conditions of slavery, they are forced to do heavy work for which they do not receive any payment, and they also suffer physical, verbal, and sexual violence.", "Hadizatou Mani and Her Anti-Slavery Struggle of Nigerien Women\nFreedom for Hadizatou came in 2005 after 9 years of slavery. Thanks to the tightening of the laws against slavery, her \"master of her\" freed her from her to legitimize her as his wife, however, once she obtained the certificate of freedom, she fled from her.\nSometime later she married in total autonomy and had a son-she would have had another four during her term as wahayu, but only two would have survived-.", "Hadizatou Mani and Her Anti-Slavery Struggle of Nigerien Women\nUpon finding out about her, Souleymane denounced her for bigamy, and she was arrested along with her husband and her brother in May 2007, condemning her to pay a fine of 50,000 CFA Francs -82 USD approx.- and 6 months of imprisonment. seclusion.", "Hadizatou Mani and Her Anti-Slavery Struggle of Nigerien Women\nHowever, she appealed her sentence becoming the first African woman to denounce her own country for secrecy and denial of slavery and child marriage. After a process that lasted more than a year, the Court of Justice of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS/ECOWAS) recognized his innocence and ordered the State of Niger to pay him compensation of 10 million CFA (16,200 USD today) for not complying with its anti-slavery legislation and for not protecting -in this case- Hadizatou.", "Hadizatou Mani and Her Anti-Slavery Struggle of Nigerien Women\nAlthough slavery was outlawed in 1926 and laws were tightened in 2004, Hadizatou's case is just the tip of the iceberg, as she is currently leading a battle against slavery, the use of \"ways\" and child marriage, a fight that should be focused more strongly against sexual abuse and respect for women, where making parents aware of the real danger of selling their daughters is the key point, however, it is an arduous path to travel in a culture where the dishonor generated by rape or a consequent pregnancy is more feared."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.rsvplive.ie/news/celebs/extraordinary-royal-family-documentary-queen-13153980

The extraordinary Royal Family documentary the Queen doesn't want anyone too see

["The extraordinary Royal Family documentary the Queen doesn't want anyone too see\nThe extraordinary Royal Family documentary the Queen doesn't want anyone too see after it revealed too much\nIt shares a huge insight into the families lives\nBlathin de Paor\nA reality show featuring the royal family seems too good to be true, to Crown fans today, but in fact there is a candid documentary that followed the family for 18 months hidden away from public consumption.", "The extraordinary Royal Family documentary the Queen doesn't want anyone too see\nThe BBC documentary aired just once in the 1960s and hasn't been seen for nearly 50 years after the Queen reportedly ordered it to be locked away for being \"too intrusive\".\nThe show, titled, 'Royal Family' was created by Richard Cawston for the BBC and was shot reality star as it followed the day to day lives of the royal over a year and a half.\nTwo hours in total, it aired on the 21st of June, 1969 and showed everything from the family at breakfast time to Prince Charles childhood exploits.", "The extraordinary Royal Family documentary the Queen doesn't want anyone too see\nRoyal Family on Balcony at Buckingham Palace, London, pictured after Coronation, 2nd June 1953. (Image: Mirrorpix)\nAccording to the Express, after giving consent to 38 hours of footage, the Queen after the documentary aired believed it crossed the line too far into their personal lives and ordered it be hidden in the BBC vaults.", "The extraordinary Royal Family documentary the Queen doesn't want anyone too see\nThe publication reports that Princess Anne was always against the idea, admitting at the time: \"I never liked the idea of 'Royal Family', I thought it was a rotten idea. The attention which had been brought upon one ever since one was a child, you just didn't need any more.\"\nPrince Philip finally reveals whether royal family watch The Crown on Netflix", "The extraordinary Royal Family documentary the Queen doesn't want anyone too see\nThe film's editor, Michael Bradsell, admitted he was worried when he showed the Queen the documentary, telling the Smithsonian Channel: \"We were all a little bit nervous of showing it to the Queen because we had no idea what she would make of it,\" he told Channel, who uploaded a clip of the documentary on YouTube.\n\"She was a little critical of the film in the sense she thought it was too long, but Dick Cawston, the director, persuaded her two hours was not a minute too long.\"\nRoyal Family Scandals", "The extraordinary Royal Family documentary the Queen doesn't want anyone too see\nHow did Prince Charles meet Camilia?\nDid Prince Philip cheat on the Queen?\nPrince William's girlfriend before Kate\n5 scandals they want you to forget", "The extraordinary Royal Family documentary the Queen doesn't want anyone too see\nRoyal biographer Hugo Vickers has revealed that he believes the footage was hidden away because the Queen felt people would just want more and more of the families privacy, telling ABC show, 'The Story of the Royals', \"Some people say that this would open the floodgates, and therefore after that all the sort of tabloid interest in them [would come after], They would want to know more, and more, and more.\"", "The extraordinary Royal Family documentary the Queen doesn't want anyone too see\nQueen Elizabeth II and her husband Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, with their children Princess Anne, Prince Charles (right) and Prince Andrew on his first holiday to Balmoral. 8th September 1960. (Image: Mirrorpix)", "The extraordinary Royal Family documentary the Queen doesn't want anyone too see\nShots of the film are occasionally released for special occasions like Prince Philip's 90th birthday, with the National Portrait Gallery's Paul Moorhouse telling the publication: \"Legend has it that the Queen doesn't want parts of it to be shown, Regrettably, the film hasn't been seen for a long time. It just disappeared. There is a reluctance for this to be revisited.\"", "The extraordinary Royal Family documentary the Queen doesn't want anyone too see\nEastendersEastEnders' favourite on screen couple, actors Michelle Collins and Adam Woodyatt reunite 25 years ago, Michelle left the soap, but she still catches up with her former co-stars, evidenced by a reunion snapshot she shared with Adam Woodyatt"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://prospect.org/culture/books/sexual-counterrevolution/

The Sexual Counterrevolution

["The Sexual Counterrevolution\nHome Books, Arts and Culture Books The Sexual Counterrevolution\nThe Sexual Counterrevolution\nThe sexual revolution brought excess as well as progress. In the aftermath of AIDS, a new puritanism threatens to repeal both.\nby Scott Stossel", "The Sexual Counterrevolution\nD uring the 1984 primary season, Ronald Reagan worried publicly that Americans were having too much sex. Promiscuity, he lamented, had become \"acceptable, even stylish.\" The very word \"promiscuity,\" with its reproachful moral overtones, had been replaced by the more accepting term \"sexually active.\" What had once been \"a sacred expression of love,\" had become \"casual and cheap.\" The country's moral fabric was fraying dangerously. Who had set us on this road to Sodom? Liberals.", "The Sexual Counterrevolution\nAccusations like Reagan's do not necessarily presume that liberals are friskier than other people-believe it or not, one study actually found that the very conservative are 10 percent more likely than the very liberal to be conducting extramarital affairs and three times more likely than the very liberal and the moderate to find sadomasochism an acceptable practice", "The Sexual Counterrevolution\nRather, Reagan's comments represent a typical version of the traditional conservative's interpretation of the \"sexual revolution\": It was part of the sinful sixties-seventies counterculture; it was a weakening of morals caused by trends and policies, such as wider availability of contraceptives and broader acceptance of premarital sex, that liberals advocated; and it was bad.", "The Sexual Counterrevolution\nThe sexual revolution is clearly one of those ideological battlegrounds-like the conflicts over college curricula, abortion, and \"the sixties\"-where liberals and conservatives clash over culture, politics, and religion simultaneously. Many liberals would insist-rightly-that the sexual revolution helped bring about changes for the better: broader rights for gays and women, wider use of contraceptives, acceptance of premarital cohabitation", "The Sexual Counterrevolution\nMany conservatives would insist-also rightly-that the sexual revolution undermined traditional social and religious bonds and that this loosening of mores caused an explosion of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Conservatives have used the epidemics of AIDS and other STDs to reenergize their traditional moral arguments against sex outside marriage", "The Sexual Counterrevolution\nLiberals, on the other hand, still champion what they consider to be the revolution's moral gains; they advocate improving contraceptive availability and sex education to preserve these gains while fighting disease and raising awareness.", "The Sexual Counterrevolution\nToday we live with what many people believe-despite some studies showing sexual activity today to be as promiscuous as, if not more promiscuous than, at the height of the revolution-is a counterrevolution ushered in by AIDS. But is this backlash against the revolution a reality? What is the connection between public morality and public health? And who has more authority to speak on these issues: liberals advocating sex education and public health, or conservatives advocating abstinence and self-discipline?", "The Sexual Counterrevolution\nOn May 10, 1960, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced the approval of a new drug produced by G.D. Searle & Company, called Enovid. Some 21 years later, on June 5, 1981, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly reported the appearance of a strange new pneumonia in five otherwise healthy gay men. On neither day were the consequences of these events imaginable to most people", "The Sexual Counterrevolution\nBut \"the pill\" and AIDS serve in the popular imagination as the watershed developments that catalyzed and then killed the sexual revolution.", "The Sexual Counterrevolution\nIt is not entirely clear, however, that a discrete \"sexual revolution\" is anything more than a cultural artifact. Although there is clearly a countervailing trend toward more puritanical attitudes in some segments of society, the preponderance of evidence shows that sexual behavior has remained \"loose\"-and may even be continuing on a loosening trend-in the time of AIDS", "The Sexual Counterrevolution\nNor, contrary to popular mythology, did the revolution really begin with the birth control pill: The same trends can be traced back to the end of World War I.", "The Sexual Counterrevolution\nBy 1918 sex had begun to escape its institutional confinement in marriage and was starting to become an accepted-or at least acknowledged-part of the culture. During the 1920s, for example, the number of young women engaging in premarital sex jumped sharply, to about 50 percent of the cohort. Economic prosperity after World War II shifted values away from puritanical self-denial and toward a demand for consumer goods; by the 1960s, having lots of sex had become almost a commercial moral imperative", "The Sexual Counterrevolution\nBusiness began catering to nonmarital sex: A new kind of establishment, the \"singles bar,\" became a standard feature of the urban landscape; convenience stores sold \"one-night-stand kits\" that came with a toothbrush, condoms, razors, and, for women, an extra pair of underwear; and the concept that \"sex sells\" became ever more apparent in the proliferation of sexual scenes and innuendoes in entertainment and advertising.", "The Sexual Counterrevolution\nIn the 1950s, less than 25 percent of Americans thought premarital sex was acceptable; by the 1970s, more than 75 percent found it acceptable. Between 1960 and 1980, the marriage rate dropped by about 25 percent; the average age of marriage for both men and women rose steadily; and the number of divorced men and women jumped by 200 percent", "The Sexual Counterrevolution\nAll told, according to a study by Adweek magazine, single people as a percentage of the total American adult population rose from 28 percent in 1970 to 41 percent in 1993. The sexual revolution was in full swing.", "The Sexual Counterrevolution\nI t is significant that most people attribute the rise and decline of the revolution-now consolidated by popular understanding into a finite event-to developments that are not strictly speaking \"moral\" or \"political.\" The birth control pill was a technological advancement; AIDS was a medical threat. Thus the vaunted loosening and then tightening of sexual mores that bracket the revolution are in some sense more reducible to biology and technology than to changes in religion or politics or morality per se.", "The Sexual Counterrevolution\nThis blending of science and morality is not a new phenomenon. In nineteenth-century America, physicians began to take the place of both church and state as the authoritative source of sexual norms. Victorian-era doctors and much of the public understood sex by analogy to the second law of thermodynamics, believing that profligate sex led to mental and physical degeneration", "The Sexual Counterrevolution\nWith this in mind, entrepreneurial inventors developed such devices as a genital cage that would ring an alarm when a boy wearing it had an erection, to prevent masturbation. STDs lent scientific urgency to calls for stricter sexual morality: In the 1890s, conservatives were quick to label a burgeoning syphilis epidemic divine retribution for an era in which the rules governing sexual behavior were losing their force.", "The Sexual Counterrevolution\nA century later, AIDS was-literally, for some on the religious right-a Godsend. \"AIDS is God's judgment on a society that does not live by its rules,\" declaimed Reverend Jerry Falwell. For the biblically inclined, this argument had a certain logic to it. After all, we had been warned: The herpes virus, afflicting as many as 30 million people by the early 1980s, had been deemed \"the new scarlet letter\" in a 1982 Time magazine cover story explicitly linking the disease to promiscuity", "The Sexual Counterrevolution\nAIDS led to invigorated calls for monogamy and abstinence by religious leaders and public health officials. Both religious and secular authorities now had a powerful weapon, in the form of a medical threat, with which to bring the sexual revolution to a crashing halt.", "The Sexual Counterrevolution\nToday, science has become so woven into moral discourse about sexuality that it is hidden in plain sight. Ironically, this conflation of scientific and moral rhetoric in discourse about sexual activity owes much to the work of an obscure midwestern entomologist who in the 1940s set out to separate religious and moral shibboleths about sex from actual sexual practices.\nNatural, Normal, and Moral", "The Sexual Counterrevolution\nIn 1938, Alfred Kinsey, a professor in the zoology department at Indiana University, was known only for being the world's foremost expert on a small, stinging insect called the North American gall wasp. But that year, when the university inaugurated a new course on marriage and asked Kinsey to give lectures for it, the sexual world shifted on its axis. Kinsey, frustrated at not having enough statistical material for his lectures, began collecting his own data by surveying students in the marriage class", "The Sexual Counterrevolution\nFinding that data insufficient, he distributed questionnaires to students and the faculty at large. Finally, relying on the help of a legion of colleagues, research assistants, and graduate students, Kinsey began surveying anyone who would consent to be interviewed, ultimately collecting data on 18,000 people", "The Sexual Counterrevolution\nWith funds from the National Research Council's Committee for Research in the Problems of Sex (underwritten by the Rockefeller Foundation), Kinsey stopped teaching and devoted himself full-time to his survey, founding the Institute for Sex Research in 1947.", "The Sexual Counterrevolution\nSexual Behavior in the Human Male, which became known as the Kinsey report, dropped like an 800-page bomb into American culture in 1948. No one-certainly not Kinsey or his publisher, who brought out a first printing of only 5,000 copies-expected the reaction it elicited. Rocketing to the top of the bestseller list, where it stayed for 27 weeks, the report introduced facts and statistics into America's dinner table conversations that dramatically altered perception of sexual behavior in America", "The Sexual Counterrevolution\nThe statistics shocked and scandalized: 86 percent of men said they had engaged in premarital sex; 50 percent said they had committed adultery before turning 40; 37 percent of men reported at least one episode of homosexual sex; and 17 percent of men who had grown up on farms claimed to have had sex with animals. The Kinsey report blew the lid off the container in which sexual experience had been sealed", "The Sexual Counterrevolution\nOne of Kinsey's explicit goals in publishing the report was to export discussion of sexual practices from the realm of morality to that of science. In a scientific context, whatever the surveys found was \"natural\" and whatever was \"natural\" was \"normal\" and whatever was \"normal\" was morally okay. In other words, he sought to demolish \"normal\" as a meaningful category of sexual behavior.", "The Sexual Counterrevolution\nWhatever the moral interpretation . . . there is no scientific reason for considering particular types of sexual activity as intrinsically, in their biological origins, normal or abnormal. . . . Present-day legal determination of sexual acts which are acceptable, or \"natural,\" and those which are \"contrary to nature\" are not based on data obtained from biologists, nor from nature herself.", "The Sexual Counterrevolution\nBecause previous study of sexual behavior had been little more than \"a rationalization of the mores masquerading under the guise of objective science,\" the report aimed, in the words of its authors, to accumulate \"scientific fact divorced from questions of moral value and social custom.\"", "The Sexual Counterrevolution\nBut despite its claims to separate sex from morality by inoculating it with science, what the Kinsey group managed to do was pretty much the opposite-to reify science as morality. Sex, one of the areas of life most laden with taboos, myths, and rules in every society, had historically been governed by traditional cultural authorities-religion, folklore, literature, law. The Kinsey report solidified science's role as the new, preeminent cultural authority", "The Sexual Counterrevolution\nAnd Kinsey's version of the Word of Science was that, sexually speaking, anything goes. Whatever he found in his survey-and he found great quantities of adultery, homosexual sex, oral sex, prostitution, bondage, and bestiality-was by definition acceptable. Our moral values needed to be brought more scientifically in line with our sexual practices-and the sexual goal of society, the Kinsey report implied, was to maximize the number of orgasms per week", "The Sexual Counterrevolution\nThe sexual revolution, though it owed much to interpretations (and misinterpretations) of Sigmund Freud and Wilhelm Reich, found its intellectual underpinnings here.", "The Sexual Counterrevolution\nKinsey's methodology was badly flawed. Many of his respondents were simply the most eager volunteers; his statistical sample, while large, was hardly representative of the larger population. Thus the numbers he published in his reports were very likely grossly inflated. But this hardly mattered. Conservative critics attacked him on their terms, not his", "The Sexual Counterrevolution\nIt was not the specific quantities of \"immoral\" sexual activity reported by Kinsey that riled them; rather it was the report's attempt to use an implicitly moralizing social science to justify an anything-goes sexual ethos. \"It is impossible to estimate the damage this book will do to the already deteriorating morals of America,\" declared the evangelist Billy Graham when the Kinsey report's companion volume, Sexual Behavior in the American Female, came out in 1953", "The Sexual Counterrevolution\nTennessee Congressman Carroll Reece formed a committee to investigate foundation support of \"un-American activities,\" targeting in particular the Rockefeller Foundation's funding of the Kinsey Institute.", "The Sexual Counterrevolution\nFrom the Kinsey reports onward, this constant tension between permissiveness and restraint, between old cultural authorities and new ones, led to a growing moral bewilderment. What was right", "The Sexual Counterrevolution\n? Nobody knew anymore. The sexual revolution and its aftermath caused this tension to intensify. A 1977 Time poll found that 61 percent of Americans believed it was harder and harder to tell sexual right from wrong than in the past. And the most striking feature of the 1993 Janus Report on Sexual Behavior was the increase in uncertainty between its two polling periods. \"For most items . . . the no opinion responses in Phase Two [1988-1992] were two to three times what they had been in Phase One [1983-1985]", "The Sexual Counterrevolution\nWe observed significantly less firm opinion and more irresolution in the second phase sample than in the first.\" Perhaps the most confusing thing was that \"science,\" deployed by Kinsey to establish what Lionel Trilling called a \"democratic pluralism of sexuality,\" was now, in the age of herpes and AIDS, fused to moral arguments for monogamy and restraint. The Age of Aquarius turned into the Age of Confusion.", "The Sexual Counterrevolution\nKatie Roiphe is nothing if not confused; hence she is well qualified to comment on our postrevolutionary era. As the subtitle of her new book implies, Roiphe's Last Night in Paradise: Sex and Morals at the Century's End undertakes to examine the contemporary American social setting in which the moral and social consequences of certain romantic acts have been replaced by technical and medical ones", "The Sexual Counterrevolution\nFears about committing a sin, about being ostracized, about experiencing shame no longer have resonance for many people, argues Roiphe; what really scares people today are things like having to get an abortion, contracting herpes, or dying of AIDS.", "The Sexual Counterrevolution\nTechnical limitations to sexual freedom have begun to take on the character of moral strictures. AIDS especially-the scourge in particular of drug takers and male homosexuals-has become swollen with moral force, as social and moral understandings of what's acceptable sexual behavior have been collapsed into medical ones", "The Sexual Counterrevolution\nAmerica, Roiphe writes, \"embraced the AIDS epidemic-not the terrible disease itself, but, in its abstract form, the idea of sexual peril\" because it was \"an actual crisis to give form and meaning to our free-floating doubts about sexual freedom.\"", "The Sexual Counterrevolution\nThe 1993 publication of her first book, The Morning After: Sex, Fear, and Feminism, propelled Roiphe, then a 25-year-old graduate student in English literature at Princeton, to minor cultural celebrityhood. In that book Roiphe, prefiguring her arguments about AIDS in Last Night in Paradise, argued that the lobby against date rape was symptomatic of a more general anxiety about sex, an unwillingness to accept the idea that sex needn't always have consequences", "The Sexual Counterrevolution\nHer most controversial position was that many instances of what campus fashion had determined was \"date rape\" were actually just bad sex-she knew, she said, because she'd had plenty of it herself. \"The crisis is not a rape crisis,\" she wrote, \"but a crisis in sexual identity.\"", "The Sexual Counterrevolution\nIn the initial flush of media attention, Roiphe was hailed as a new voice in feminism, a welcome corrective to politically correct sexual repressiveness. But in the subsequent caricature that emerged from the negative backlash, Roiphe became a young Camille Paglia, a neoconservative, neofeminist provocateur who made up in glibness and flamboyance what she lacked in logic and accuracy", "The Sexual Counterrevolution\nKatha Pollit's brutal dissection of The Morning After in the New Yorker in October 1993 pretty well demolished any claim the book had to being a responsible intellectual project.", "The Sexual Counterrevolution\nUnfortunately, no doubt urged on by her agent and publisher, Roiphe has chosen to continue this project in Last Night in Paradise. But this book comes by its intellectual confusion honestly: Roiphe freely admits her ambivalence, which may be the book's greatest strength. Roiphe can't decide whether she'd like still fewer rules or more of them. On balance, Roiphe seems to favor fewer rules, more wildness; beneath her analysis lies an implicit plea for joie de vivre, for recklessness, for abandon", "The Sexual Counterrevolution\nYet her longing for freedom and romance is tempered by a troubled reckoning of the consequences of so much freedom, so much fun. \"We have no popularly accepted moral attitude about sexuality that can be passed down from one generation to the next. . . . Without God, without rigid rules of social class, we have no material out of which to form new values.\"", "The Sexual Counterrevolution\nDespite its serious analytical weaknesses, this is in some ways a sympathetic book. In seizing on our confused attempts to replace \"old-fashioned morality\" with \"some new technical, institutional code\" for sexual behavior, Roiphe is definitely onto something", "The Sexual Counterrevolution\nShe is right, for example, to point out that our \"gentle moral relativism\"-which accepts legal abortion, birth control, same-sex marriages, and so on as no big deal-brings out a \"vestigial need for strong social codes, for judgment, context, and tradition.\" And she is still right when she explains further that what most inspires nostalgia for a weakly defined \"old-fashioned morality\" is an unwillingness to tolerate the ambiguities, complexities, and desires of the individual", "The Sexual Counterrevolution\nStruggling to find a comfortable middle ground between a nostalgically embellished \"old-fashioned morality\" and a similarly glorified sexual freedom, it is unsurprising that many people would feel the need for order, restraint, and rules.", "The Sexual Counterrevolution\nOr for the Rules. In 1995, Warner Books published one of those advice-for-the-lovelorn pop-psychology books that line the self-help shelves of bookstores. Sales of The Rules: Time-tested Secrets for Capturing the Heart of Mr. Right, by Ellen Fein and Sherrie Schneider, chugged along modestly for a few months. Then the authors went on Oprah. All of a sudden, the Rules were everywhere. In 1996, the book reached the top spot on the New York Times bestseller list", "The Sexual Counterrevolution\nArticles about the Rules started appearing everywhere from Cosmopolitan and Glamour to the New Republic and the New Yorker. The authors started offering phone consulting-at $250 an hour. My copy of the paperback even comes with an application form for a Rules seminar.", "The Sexual Counterrevolution\nThe Rules consists of 35 simple precepts such as \"Don't Talk to a Man First,\" \"Don't Accept a Saturday Night Date After Wednesday,\" \"Let Him Take the Lead,\" and \"No More than Casual Kissing on the First Date,\" arranged in rule-per-chapter sequence. \"The purpose of the Rules is to make Mr. Right obsessed with you. . . . What we're promising you is 'happily-ever-after.' \" The Rules amount, in aggregate, to a recommendation of playing \"hard to get\"-and to a rolling back of women's liberation by maybe 40 years", "The Sexual Counterrevolution\nA \"Rules Girl,\" according to Fein and Schneider, doesn't put out. She also never tells a man what to do, always lets him be in control, and doesn't let her children (from a previous marriage) become an intrusive presence in the relationship. \"In a relationship, the man must take charge. . . . We are not making this up-biologically, he's the aggressor.\" No wonder Katie Roiphe is still single.", "The Sexual Counterrevolution\nThe Rules no doubt taps eternal fears about spinsterhood, but its commercial success can be largely attributed to a neat intersection with the zeitgeist. The Rules may be inane (they recommend studying the mawkish film Love Story like the Bible), but they appeal smartly to an American society that won the sexual revolution-and then realized the spoils of victory were not all they were cracked up to be.", "The Sexual Counterrevolution\nModern women aren't to talk loudly about wanting to get married. We had grown up dreaming about being the president of the company, not the wife of the president. . . . Still, we had to face it: as much as we loved being powerful in business, for most of us, that just wasn't enough. . . . We didn't want to give up our liberation, but neither did we want to come home to empty apartments. Who said we couldn't have it all?", "The Sexual Counterrevolution\nThis weirdly inverts the yearnings of 1950s housewives, for whom family and laundry were not enough. The question is a good, forward-looking one-why can't women have it all?-but the solution Fein and Schneider provide is retrograde.", "The Sexual Counterrevolution\nKinsey and the sexual revolution that followed him erased all the rules of romantic relations; the Rules, which the authors describe as \"a simple working set of behaviors and reactions,\" put them back. The authors use a typical combination of pop science, fear mongering, practicality, and moral cajoling to urge sexual restraint", "The Sexual Counterrevolution\n\"Never get in a car with a man you meet at a party,\" they tell us, because \"you might end up in his trunk.\" \"Forget all the 'free love' theories from the swinging sixties,\" they tell us, summarily discarding the sexual revolution. It's not \"cool to have an unwanted pregnancy or a disease.\"", "The Sexual Counterrevolution\nThe sexual counterrevolution is not limited to pabulum like the Rules. The most vitriolic backlash is reserved for gay men, who were in many ways both the primary catalysts and short-term beneficiaries of the sexual revolution-and who have also suffered far more than anyone else its costs", "The Sexual Counterrevolution\nGabriel Rotello's Sexual Ecology: AIDS and the Destiny of Gay Men argues that it was radical changes in the sexual behavior of homosexual American men that led to a large, sudden increase in the prevalence of STDs among the gay and bisexual population. AIDS, it should be made clear, is not a \"gay\" disease-outside of the United States, 90 percent of its victims are heterosexual", "The Sexual Counterrevolution\nBut the new intensity and variety of sexual activity among homosexual males during the sexual revolution generated an environment in which diseases previously \"held in check\" could thrive. The gay New York bathhouses of the 1970s made possible licentiousness on a positively Roman scale. According to the Centers for Disease Control, the first few hundred gay men with AIDS had an average of 1,100 (!) lifetime sexual partners", "The Sexual Counterrevolution\nRotello, who is gay, makes the argument that, contrary to what many in the gay political community like to believe, the AIDS epidemic wasn't something that \"just happened.\" The sexual revolution caused it.", "The Sexual Counterrevolution\nGiven the facts, this seems an obvious point, and an important one to acknowledge. But whether by ignorance or design, many people-gays and liberals in particular-don't accept it. To do so, they believe, would be playing into the moralist rhetoric of fundamentalist conservatives like Falwell and Pat Buchanan, for whom AIDS is a punishment visited by God upon the sexually deviant. \"The poor homosexuals,\" Buchanan sneers", "The Sexual Counterrevolution\n\"They have declared war on Nature, and now Nature is exacting an awful retribution.\" AIDS confers such a moral stigma because conservatives have-incorrectly-managed to connect AIDS to homosexuality, which they consider intrinsically immoral, rather than to the specific behavior patterns in the sixties and seventies that in the United States made gays the focal point of the epidemic.", "The Sexual Counterrevolution\nRotello, like Kinsey, tries explicitly to distance himself from any moral claims (\"So let me say simply at the outset that what I describe below are biological, not moral, events\") in making his epidemiological arguments advocating sexual restraint and safe sex. But Rotello's book effectively-if unintentionally-illustrates that science, pragmatism, and morality are clearly interwoven in ways that resist untangling. Morality and public health are both concerned to protect and enhance the commonweal", "The Sexual Counterrevolution\nThe sexual revolution is such a contentious topic that even ostensibly objective social science gets tinged with the ideological predispositions of researchers. Though the data are now 50 years old, and though most experts believe its findings of sexual activity to be grossly inflated, the Kinsey reports remained the standard source for information about sexual activity until at least 1994. Various academic studies contradicted aspects of Kinsey's findings, but these studies were of much narrower scope", "The Sexual Counterrevolution\nAnd broad studies of society that captured some data about sex, such as the General Social Survey (GSS), found quantities and varieties of sexual activity much lower than what Kinsey found. Would-be exegetes of the sexual revolution and its aftermath were left with a morass of conflicting and outdated information.", "The Sexual Counterrevolution\nIn 1993, Cynthia and Samuel Janus tried to rectify this situation, publishing The Janus Report on Sexual Behavior, for which they collected data between 1983 and 1992. Their findings only made things more confusing: They were unable to determine whether they were witnessing a backlash against the sexual revolution or a continuation of it. On the one hand the AIDS epidemic had made people claim to be more cautious about sex", "The Sexual Counterrevolution\nOn the other hand, they were having more sex with more people-especially among the most at-risk groups. Sixty-two percent of young men and 66 percent of young women reported that their sexual activity increased compared to three years earlier. Serious decline in sexual activity was shown by only 5 percent of the men and 9 percent of the women in the youngest group", "The Sexual Counterrevolution\nMoreover, 24 percent of men and 20 percent of women reported \"much more\" sexual activity than three years earlier, and 44 percent of men and 41 percent of women reported \"more\" sexual activity. All told, 73 percent of men and 68 percent of women reported having the same or more sex in 1988-1992 than in 1985-1988.", "The Sexual Counterrevolution\nConfronted with the conflicting data, the Januses weakly hedged their bets. This increase in sexual activity was, they said, the \"Second Sexual Revolution.\" \"The enormous tensions and backlash generated by these devastating sexually transmitted diseases made the practice of casual sex pause; from this hesitation, and the reaction to it, came the beginning of the Second Sexual Revolution.\" In other words, there was the revolution. Then there was the backlash against the revolution", "The Sexual Counterrevolution\nT he Janus report was based on a statistical sample of only 2,795, and many of the older respondents were found at sex-therapy clinics-so there is good reason to believe that many of their estimations of activity, like Kinsey's, are greatly overstated. But the following year another study appeared", "The Sexual Counterrevolution\nBilled as the most comprehensive survey since Kinsey's, the National Health and Social Life Survey (NHSLS), popularly published as Sex in America: A Definitive Survey, dropped into American culture in 1994 like the original Kinsey report had nearly a half century earlier. Only while the Kinsey report had titillated and horrified with its previously unimaginable picture of sexual variety in the United States, Sex in America did quite the opposite.", "The Sexual Counterrevolution\n? Sex in America seemed to provide clear evidence that it was dead and gone, swept away by AIDS and a revival of sturdy family values. Some findings from its random sampling of 3,432 subjects: 94 percent of Americans were faithful to their spouses (up from around 60 percent in the Kinsey, Janus, and other surveys); only 33 percent of Americans had sex twice or more per week; the median number of lifetime sex partners for women was two, for men six", "The Sexual Counterrevolution\nOne of its more telling findings was that married people had the most sex, single people the next most, and divorced people the least. \"The more partners you have,\" the report's authors wrote, \"the more time you are going to spend finding and wooing them-time that a married couple could be having sex.\" In other words, if you like sex it doesn't pay to be a swinging single. Instead, get married and stay married", "The Sexual Counterrevolution\nOur findings, the authors wrote, \"often directly contradict what has become the conventional wisdom about sex. They are counterrevolutionary findings, showing a country . . . that, on the whole, is much less sexually active than we have come to believe.\"", "The Sexual Counterrevolution\nSome found the study's conclusions dubious and its methodology biased, arguing that the opposition of politicians like Senator Jesse Helms-who in 1987 had blocked congressional funding for the study (and all sex surveys), forcing the researchers to apply for foundation money-had conservatized its results", "The Sexual Counterrevolution\nJohn Heidenry, for example, writes in What Wild Ecstasy: The Rise and Fall of the Sexual Revolution that the Sex in America survey was \"the logical culmination of the new and improved puritanism of the United States, dressed out in the guise of objective science.\" This is precisely the opposite of what critics of the Kinsey report had said: that its \"objective science\" gave moral license to sexually deviant practices", "The Sexual Counterrevolution\nAnd while Kinsey had set out to abolish the whole concept of \"normal\"-or moral-sexuality, the NHSLS authors strove explicitly to preserve moral norms by warning that, \"Of course, a survey cannot tell us what is normal, only what is frequent.\"", "The Sexual Counterrevolution\nWhile the NHSLS's conclusions about sexual activity were generally much more conservative than the Janus report's, there were places where Janus's findings supported theirs", "The Sexual Counterrevolution\nThough the NHSLS found that most young people did not have large numbers of sexual partners (more than 50 percent of 18- to 24-year-olds had just one partner in 1992), it also found that \"the very sexually active people in the population, who are most at risk of being infected with HIV, did not seem to have been slowed by fears of AIDS.\" For example, 8.7 percent of people ages 25 to 29 claimed to have had 21 or more partners since age 18; 11.5 percent of 30- to 39-year-olds claimed to have had that many", "The Sexual Counterrevolution\nThe authors point out that if fear of AIDS had affected sexual activity, the highly promiscuous proportion of the younger group, who came of age after the explosion of AIDS, ought to have been much lower than it was relative to the older group.", "The Sexual Counterrevolution\nB ut the most recent sex studies tell a more heartening story. On May 1, 1997, the National Survey of Family Growth, a government survey conducted every five years, released its most recent data, collected during 1995: The data showed that, for the first time since 1970, the percentage of teenagers having sex had declined", "The Sexual Counterrevolution\nThe percentage of girls aged 15 to 19 having sex declined from 55 to 50 between 1990 and 1995 (the number of married teenagers is so small these days, that even if marital sex is excluded, the percentage of girls having sex in 1995 falls by only 2 percent); and 55 percent of teenage boys had sex in 1995, down from 60 percent in 1988. Conservatives, no doubt, will take this as evidence that the sexual counterrevolution is, albeit slowly, taking hold", "The Sexual Counterrevolution\n(And many adults think it should be taking hold faster; a March 1997 survey found that 95 percent of people surveyed believe teens should be completely abstinent.) But while something of a conservative sexual counterrevolution may finally be trickling down to younger Americans, the most encouraging data vindicate liberal sex-education policies: Condom use among young women has risen sharply, from 18 percent in the 1970s to 36 percent in the 1980s to 54 percent in 1995; in 1995, 91 percent of women said they had been taught safe-sex methods of preventing AIDS transmission", "The Sexual Counterrevolution\nIf condom use is up while sexual activity is down, then the conservative argument that sex education and contraception availability increase \"immoral\" and dangerous promiscuity looks less credible.", "The Sexual Counterrevolution\n\"Uninhibited sex,\" writes the conservative political scientist Harvey Mansfield in Reassessing the Sixties, \"received a rude shock from the emergence of AIDS. Perhaps you should listen more carefully to the vague menaces of your mother . . . about what happens to people who do funny things for sex.\" Well, perhaps that's true-to a point. But then Mansfield continues. \"Since the sixties, feminine modesty has reasserted itself, though partly in the guise of feminism. There are now plenty of nice girls . .", "The Sexual Counterrevolution\nMansfield's tone-with his derisive \"under the guise of feminism\" and his patronizing \"nice girls\"-gives away the conservative game here. What conservatives like Mansfield want is less a curb on sexual excess than a rolling back of the political gains that women (and gays) have won under the auspices of the sexual revolution", "The Sexual Counterrevolution\nIt is difficult, of course, to tie victories in the political and social realms directly to victories in the sexual realm-maybe a right to sexual assertiveness is directly linked to a right to political assertiveness and maybe it isn't. But at the very least the sexual revolution for women was bound up in the larger revolutionary changes of the period that led to an improvement in their social status. You can't have the one without the other", "The Sexual Counterrevolution\nMansfield's strategy for achieving this erasure is typical. In fact, it's roughly what The Rules does. First, point out that sexual liberation had a tangible, \"science\"-based cost: AIDS and other STDs. Next, cast the net more widely so that if sexual liberation was associated with women's liberation, for example, and sexual liberation caused AIDS, then women's liberation caused AIDS. All forms of liberation and political change connected to the sixties and seventies get implicated in this way", "The Sexual Counterrevolution\nWomen's rights, gay rights, a woman's right to choose, and the freedom to do what you like in the privacy of your own bedroom all get thrown out the window with the bathwater.", "The Sexual Counterrevolution\nIn 1885, the prestigious British scientific journal the Lancet published an article arguing that the best method for protecting the young against STDs was the \"cultivation of purity\"-was \"purity\" a scientific concept or a moral one? The ambiguous rhetoric of \"purity,\" neither clearly scientific nor clearly moral, is what for so many years has enabled traditional conservatives to extract from biology and epidemiology moral messages that are broader than the science merits.", "The Sexual Counterrevolution\nThe sexual revolution eliminated some hypocrisy. Those who trace the ruination of society to the breakdown of sexual morality forget that the old sexual morality was honored in the breach as often as not. Sure, in 1960 colleges had curfews and sexually segregated dorms", "The Sexual Counterrevolution\nBut remember that even then-no matter if Kinsey significantly overstated things-when the curfew bell rang, the campus shrubbery would quiver as young men and women emerged frantically pulling up their pants and smoothing down their dresses, ready to run back to their single-sex dorms. Failing to acknowledge this, the anti-fornication crusaders are either dishonest (Jimmy Swaggart, Jim Bakker) or totally lacking in self-awareness (Robert Bork)", "The Sexual Counterrevolution\nOne evening at a hotel in New York I flipped around the television channels. Suddenly there on the public access channel was a voluptuous young woman, naked, her body oiled, writhing on the floor while fondling herself intimately. . . . I watched for some time-riveted by the sociological significance of it all.\nThe sociological significance? Right. If Bork had been confirmed as a Supreme Court justice, we can guess the Court might have taken a lot more pornography cases for careful review.", "The Sexual Counterrevolution\nT he sexual revolution may not, in an important sense, have been worth its costs. Most gay men, the group most galvanized by the sexual revolution, would not say that the considerable political gains and social acceptance they've won over the last few years was worth human losses now numbering in the hundreds of thousands. But they would not want to give up those political gains and social acceptance. The Terror did not nullify all that the French Revolution achieved", "The Sexual Counterrevolution\nSimilarly, the ravages of AIDS do not mean that we should now abandon the liberal advances won by the sexual revolution. Less sexually wanton, yes; safer sex, yes; but we should not give in to rhetorical appeals for an oppressive new puritanism."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://books.google.bs/books?id=6scNAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=editions:LCCN04001603&output=html_text&lr=&source=gbs_book_other_versions_r&cad=5

Life of Abraham Lincoln, Presenting His Early History, Political Career, and Speeches in and Out of Congress; Also, a General View of His Policy as President of the United States; Messages, Proclamations, Letters, Etc., and a History of His Eventful Administration, and of the Scenes Attendant upon His Tragic and Lamented Demise.

["Life of Abraham Lincoln, Presenting His Early History, Political Career, and Speeches in and Out of Congress; Also, a General View of His Policy as President of the United States; Messages, Proclamations, Letters, Etc., and a History of His Eventful Administration, and of the Scenes Attendant upon His Tragic and Lamented Demise.\nLife of Abraham Lincoln, Presenting His Early History, Political Career, and ...\nBy Joseph Hartwell Barrett\nHIS EARLY HISTORY, POLITICAL CAREER, AND SPEECHES IN\nAND OUT OF CONGRESS; ALSO, A GENERAL\nVIEW OF HIS POLICY AS\nPresident of the United States;\nMESSAGES, PROCLAMATIONS, LETTERS, ETC.,\nAND A\nHISTORY OF HIS EVENTFUL ADMINISTRATION, AND OF THE\nSCENES ATTENDANT UPON HIS TRAGIC\nAND LAMENTED DEMISE.\nJOSEPH H. BARRETT,\nCOMMISSIONER OF PENSIONS, WALANGYON, D.O.\nMOORE. WILSTACH & BALDWIN,", "Life of Abraham Lincoln, Presenting His Early History, Political Career, and Speeches in and Out of Congress; Also, a General View of His Policy as President of the United States; Messages, Proclamations, Letters, Etc., and a History of His Eventful Administration, and of the Scenes Attendant upon His Tragic and Lamented Demise.\n25 WEST FOURTH STREET, CINCINNATI.\nNEW YORK, 60 WALKER STREET.\nEntered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1860, by\nMOORE, WILSTACH, KEYS & CO., In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the Soutbern\nDistrict of Ohio.\nMOORE, WILSTACH & BALDWIN, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the Southern\nMOORE, WILSTACI & BALDWIN, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the Southorn\nwobba", "Life of Abraham Lincoln, Presenting His Early History, Political Career, and Speeches in and Out of Congress; Also, a General View of His Policy as President of the United States; Messages, Proclamations, Letters, Etc., and a History of His Eventful Administration, and of the Scenes Attendant upon His Tragic and Lamented Demise.\nThe first part of the sketch of Mr. Lincoln's life herewith presented to the public, was mainly prepared for the press in June, 1860_only slight modifications having been made, and brief additions, so as to embrace the period terminating with his inauguration. This portion of the work embodies a condensed view of Mr. Lincoln's speeches, which can not fail to interest the attentive student, who seeks for information concerning his early political life", "Life of Abraham Lincoln, Presenting His Early History, Political Career, and Speeches in and Out of Congress; Also, a General View of His Policy as President of the United States; Messages, Proclamations, Letters, Etc., and a History of His Eventful Administration, and of the Scenes Attendant upon His Tragic and Lamented Demise.\nThe second part, after a summary of National events immediately preceding March 4, 1861, gives a condensed history of Mr. Lincoln's Administration, including a narrative of military operations, down to the present time. The most important public papers, addresses and occasional letters of the President, will also be found in the following pages.", "Life of Abraham Lincoln, Presenting His Early History, Political Career, and Speeches in and Out of Congress; Also, a General View of His Policy as President of the United States; Messages, Proclamations, Letters, Etc., and a History of His Eventful Administration, and of the Scenes Attendant upon His Tragic and Lamented Demise.\nIt has been the fortune of Mr. Lincoln to be called to the Chief Magistracy, at an epoch when a long-maturing conspiracy for the dismemberment of the Union has culminated in a war of unprecedented magnitude. The President, tried as none of his predecessors ever were, has so wisely exercised his power as to command the hearty support of all loyal men at home, and the admiration of enlightened thinkers, unperverted by anti-democratic prejudice in Europe", "Life of Abraham Lincoln, Presenting His Early History, Political Career, and Speeches in and Out of Congress; Also, a General View of His Policy as President of the United States; Messages, Proclamations, Letters, Etc., and a History of His Eventful Administration, and of the Scenes Attendant upon His Tragic and Lamented Demise.\nIt was a late member of the British Parliament who pointed out single passages from an address of Mr. Lincoln, as worth \u201call that Burke ever wrote.\" His able statesmanship has justified the confidence of the people, while his sterling qualities of heart, his humane sympathies, his purity of life, and his power of winning the love and trust of his countrymen, have contributed to deepen the earnestness of the popular wish for his continuance, during another term, in the high office he providentially fills."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

http://www.sandrobotticelli.org/painting-William%20Henry%20Hunt,OWS-The%20Outhouse%20(mk46)-25979.htm

The Outhouse (mk46) by William Henry Hunt,OWS

["The Outhouse (mk46) by William Henry Hunt,OWS\n1790-1864 was an English watercolour painter. He was born near Long Acre, London, and was apprenticed in about 1805 to John Varley, the landscape-painter, with whom he remained five or six years. He exhibited three oil pictures at the Royal Academy in 1807. He became connected with the Society of Painters in Water Colours at its beginning, and was elected an associate in 1824 and a full member in 1827. Until the year of his death, he was one of the most prolific contributors to the Society's exhibitions", "The Outhouse (mk46) by William Henry Hunt,OWS\nMany years of Hunt's uneventful but industrious life were spent at Hastings. He died of apoplexy. Hunt was one of the creators of the English school of water-color painting. His subjects, especially those of his later life, are extremely simple; but, by the delicacy, humor and fine power of their treatment, they rank second to works of the highest art only", "The Outhouse (mk46) by William Henry Hunt,OWS\nConsidered technically, his works exhibit all the resources of the water-color painter's craft, from the purest transparent tinting to the boldest use of gouache, rough paper and scraping for texture. His sense of color is perhaps as true as that of any English artist. He was, says John Ruskin, all in all, the finest ever painter of still life. Several characteristic examples of Hunt's work, as the \"Boy and Goat,\" \"Brown Study and Plums,\" \"Primroses and Birds' Nests\" are in the Victoria and Albert Museum", "The Outhouse (mk46) by William Henry Hunt,OWS\nRelated Paintings of William Henry Hunt,OWS :. | Vaches dans un pre, soleil couchant | Hyazinthenteppich | Ophelia | Head of the crucified Christ | Still life floral, all kinds of reality flowers oil painting 15 |", "The Outhouse (mk46) by William Henry Hunt,OWS\nBritish, act. 1876 - 1916 Seymour was a son of Lord Hugh Seymour (himself a son of Francis Seymour-Conway, 1st Marquess of Hertford) and Anna Horatia Waldegrave (a daughter of James Waldegrave, 2nd Earl Waldegrave) and entered the Royal Navy in 1797. He captained HMS Pallas during the Battle of Basque Roads and HMS Leonidas and HMS Fortun??e during the War of 1812. For his part in the latter war, he was appointed a CB in 1815 (alongside many other Captains) and a KCH in 1831 (and later a GCH in 1834)", "The Outhouse (mk46) by William Henry Hunt,OWS\nHe rose through the ranks in the navy over the years and in 1852 was appointed a KCB (and later a GCB in 1860) and finally as an Admiral of the Fleet in 1866.", "The Outhouse (mk46) by William Henry Hunt,OWS\n(August 30, 1727 - March 3, 1804) was a Venetian painter and printmaker in etching. He was the son of artist Giovanni Battista Tiepolo and elder brother of Lorenzo Baldissera Tiepolo.. Domenico was born in Venice, studied under his father, and by the age of 13 was the chief assistant to him. He was one of the many assistants, including Lorenzo, that transferred the designs of his father (executed in the 'oil sketch' invented by the same). By the age of 20, he was producing his own work for commissioners", "The Outhouse (mk46) by William Henry Hunt,OWS\nHe assisted his father in Werzburg 1751-3, decorating the famous stairwell fresco, in Vicenza at the Villa Valmarana in 1757, and in Madrid at the palace of Charles III from 1762-70."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://tudorsandotherhistories.wordpress.com/tag/1598/

The Death of King Philip II of Spain on September 13, 1598

["The Death of King Philip II of Spain on September 13, 1598\nThe Death of King Philip II of Spain\nSeptember 13, 2015 Carolina Casas1 Comment\nOn the 13th of September 1598, King Philip II of Spain died at the Palace of Escorial. His last act as king was giving a written permission for one of his two favorite offspring, Isabel Clara Eugenia to marry. From his bed, he continued to sign document and meet with his advisers but it was clear to everybody that their king was dying and that his son (also named Philip) would become their new king.", "The Death of King Philip II of Spain on September 13, 1598\nHis daughter, the Infanta Isabel, remained by his side, screaming at him that somebody was touching the relics that had brought him so much comfort during his agony, so he would wake up and keep him from dying. Unfortunately by the twelfth, he was too sick to do anything and when his ministers thought he died, he laughed softly to assure them that he was still alive and finding some dark humor in the fact that he was not long for this world", "The Death of King Philip II of Spain on September 13, 1598\nHe asked for his parents\u2019 crucifix and \u201ckissed it several times and afterwards he also held a consecrated candle from our Lady of Montserrat \u2026 and kissed it too.\u201d On the next day, his ministers watched as their king gave his last breath before \u201chis saintly spirit left him to enjoy eternal life\u201d.", "The Death of King Philip II of Spain on September 13, 1598\nTo this day Philip II continues to be a controversial figure. The image of the \u201cBlack Legend\u201d remains and it is not likely to go away very soon. As a monarch, Philip was no different than others. It can be said that he bled his country dry for his expensive wars, and although there was some justification in some of these, others were just for the same reason his enemies engaged in war: for pure demonstration of might.", "The Death of King Philip II of Spain on September 13, 1598\nHistorians such as Henry Kamen defend him, exculpating him from his mistakes, pointing out that although in the latter half of the century in which he reigned \u201cmuch had changed\u201d, the economic problems at the end of his reign were the result of events that were completely out of his control. And these came to light after his death, receiving great criticism from people who had once praised and served him faithfully.", "The Death of King Philip II of Spain on September 13, 1598\n\u201cPhilip was never at any time in adequate control of events, or of his kingdoms, or even of his own destiny. It follows that he cannot be held responsible for more than a small part of what eventually transpired during his reign \u2026 He imprisoned within a destiny in which he himself had little hand\u2019. He could do little more than play the dice available to him", "The Death of King Philip II of Spain on September 13, 1598\nCondemned to spend his days sorting out the workings of his vast web of a monarchy, he was among the few who had access to a broad perspective on its problems. But he was unable to turn that perspective into a vision that might inspire his people\u2026 Eminently efficient and practical, he struggled always with the immediate and the possible.\u201d (Kamen)", "The Death of King Philip II of Spain on September 13, 1598\nAnd although Henry Kamen has a point, historians Geoffrey Parker and Hugh Thomas make more valid ones. Geoffrey Parker is fair in his assessment, denoting his flaws as well as his achievements and giving us a king who was flawed, efficient, and full of many contradictions while Hugh Thomas shows us how vast his empire was.\nPhilip II and his second wife, Mary (I) Tudor of England. Although he showed her deep respect in public and in their letters, in private was another matter.", "The Death of King Philip II of Spain on September 13, 1598\nAs a man Philip was pious in the sense that he was highly spiritual and cared deeply for his soul and on his last days, he refused to grant the pope one request because it went against his conscience. Despite this deep passion though, he was not above bullying his own church to get what he wanted and this is eerily similar from what his father and maternal grandmother did. And like so many kings during this period, there was a cruel streak in him", "The Death of King Philip II of Spain on September 13, 1598\nHis contemporaries didn\u2019t flinch from punishing their own people with the excuse that they were punishing enemies of the state (heretics, rebels, etc) and sending their troops against them. His father\u2019s on and off ally and rival, Henry VIII did it on several occasions, and so did his offspring (one to whom he was married). Philip II made a public exhibition of an execution in October of 1568 where he hundreds of heretics were burned at the stake.", "The Death of King Philip II of Spain on September 13, 1598\nHe was called the \u201cPrudent King\u201d by many because he showed a deep humility that they found lacking in many monarchs, and despite his piety, he allowed Protestant chaplains in some of his battles out of the Continent and refused to let the Jews be expelled from his non-Spanish domains (but he finally agreed in 1597) and more than his predecessors, he read every document that was put on his table.", "The Death of King Philip II of Spain on September 13, 1598\nAs a man though, he was deeply devoted to his children, especially his daughters, Isabel Clara Eugenia and Catalina Michaela. Both were some of the most educated and illustrious women of their day, and Philip\u2019s letters to her survive to this day.", "The Death of King Philip II of Spain on September 13, 1598\nWhen Philip died, the Venetian Ambassador, Soranzo, wrote that \u201crich and poor universally show great grief\u201d and acknowledged that he also grieved the King and that \u201cfor many the weeping will not end until life itself ends\u201d adding that \u201che was a prince who fought with gold rather than with steel. Profoundly religious, he loved peace and quiet \u2026 He held his desires in absolute control and showed an immutable and unalterable temper.\u201d", "The Death of King Philip II of Spain on September 13, 1598\nPhilip II was buried the following day on Monday morning, in the church of San Lorenzo. Less than two months later, the criticisms began, largely by Franciscan friars and former members of his inner circle.", "The Death of King Philip II of Spain on September 13, 1598\n\u201cOur Catholic King died after a drought that lasted almost nine months without a break, revealing that the earth had declared itself bankrupt \u2013just like an unsuccessful merchant", "The Death of King Philip II of Spain on September 13, 1598\nAt the same time, the price of everything in Castile increased as supplies ran short, coinciding with the collapse of public health throughout the kingdom and opening the door to plague in many areas \u2026 These disasters were harbingers of the greatest catastrophe Spain has even suffered since our Patriarch Tubal, grandson of Noah settled here.\u201d-Fray Lorenzo de Ayala", "The Death of King Philip II of Spain on September 13, 1598\nEven one of the members of the Inquisition, the lawyer Martin Gonzales de Cellorigo, wrote that the decline of Spain had begun with Philip and that he:\n\u201cGrieved to see that, because we lack the funds, we undertake campaigns with such weak forces that they serve more to irritate our enemies than to punish them; and the worst is that, whatever we may say, we eternalize the wars so that they become an infinite burden, and the problems that stem from these wars are both major and endless.\u201d", "The Death of King Philip II of Spain on September 13, 1598\nAnd yet, not to condone or to exculpate him and all other kings from their responsibilities, something Philip II comes to mind and that is that even for a person who had this much power, he was incapable of doing everything at once", "The Death of King Philip II of Spain on September 13, 1598\n\u201cI don\u2019t think that human strength is capable of everything least of all mine which is very feeble.\u201d To his son, he once wrote that kingship is like a prison, and it is for the points already mentioned, but it is the burden they feel they have to carry, and in Philip\u2019s case, he felt it was his duty to do the impossible to protect his kingdom.", "The Death of King Philip II of Spain on September 13, 1598\nImprudent King: A New Life of Philip II by Geoffrey Parker\nPhilip of Spain by Henry Kamen\nWorld Without End by Hugh Thomas\n1598, 16th century, Death, History, Philip II of Spain, Renaissance, September, Tudors1598, 16th century, History, Philip II of Spain, Renaissance"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.northcyprusonline.com/North-Cyprus-Online-Sightseeing-Yeni-Iskele-Kantara-Castle.php

Kantara Castle, North Cyprus

["Kantara Castle, North Cyprus\nNorth Cyprus Yeni Iskele\nKantara Castle\nDescribed as the most romantic of all the Byzantine or Crusader trio castles, Kantara Castle is the easternmost and lowest one poised at the spot where the Kyrenia range subsides into rolling hills.", "Kantara Castle, North Cyprus\nIt is situated 26 miles north of Famagusta . If you travel from Kyrenia, Kantara is the most distant castle to reach and for this trip whole day should be given. It is approximately 45 miles (72.4 km) from Kyrenia. Picturesque route to the destination has however, its distinct features. If you follow the main Famagusta road out of Kyrenia take the turning left which is signposted \"Esentepe\", \"Taltlisu\", \"Acapulco\" and \"Alagadi Green Turtles Beach\"", "Kantara Castle, North Cyprus\nSpanning the coastline, you can enjoy the agricultural landscape covered in vegetables and fruit. If you start from Bogaz it is at least 45-minute drive. From Kaplica on the coast, the ascent route to Kantara is narrow but quite driveable and there are regular passing places along the way. There is no direct public transport that reaches the castle.", "Kantara Castle, North Cyprus\nA useful map and potted history is outlined on your ticket and it should take you an hour or so to make a relaxed tour and enjoy the views. If visiting the castle with children, you should keep them from serious unfenced drops, rough scrambling and uncapped holes. Do not forget to take camera, binoculars, walking stick, a bottle of water with you and remember to wear proper shoes.\nOpening hours: Summer 10.00 - 17.00, winter 9.00- 14.45\nAdmission: appr. YTL 4.00\nCastle name", "Kantara Castle, North Cyprus\nThe name of the castle is said to be derived from the Arabic quantara, which means \"arch\" or \"bridge\", although it is hard to pinpoint such a structure in the surrounding landscape.", "Kantara Castle, North Cyprus\nPresumably Kantara is reckoned to be the place where Isaac Komnenos surrendered to Richard the Lionheart in 1191, like Buffavento and St Hilarion. During 1228-30 it was occupied by the troops of the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II who was struggling for his take-over of the island. Kantara Castle figured prominently in the war during the Genoese invasion, when the regent John of Antioch was smuggled out of prison in Famagusta disguised as a pot-tinner", "Kantara Castle, North Cyprus\nJames I added the fortifications to the caste and from this vantage point his garrison was able to keep watch over Famagusta and the surrounding area. After the Venetian invasion in 16 th the castle was partially dismantled and its significance faded. Set on a rocky summit at the eastern end of the mountain range, Kantara is just 700m, the lowest of the castle trio. However, it has commanding view up the Karpaz peninsula, all along the northern coastline and down to the plain to Famagusta", "Kantara Castle, North Cyprus\nYou enter the outer enceinte through a barbican that is flanked by a pair of towers, the north tower and the south tower . Then you can go on climbing the steps to the inner ward. If you stop here, there is a massive southeast tower, with its lower part - a cistern which occasionally doubled as a dungeon . Further along the southeast wall are the barracks, a trio of rooms fitted with loopholes", "Kantara Castle, North Cyprus\nNext to this are the latrines that were once flushed by the castle's sophisticated plumbing system, and also garrison and a water cistern . Up to here the buildings are in good conditions, down to the woodwork and ceilings, the castle is pretty much in ruins until the southwest corner of the battlements, where one chamber contains a hidden postern gate used to catch would-be attackers by surprise. Passing the inner bailey, or returning to the southeast tower, you can reach the northern tower", "Kantara Castle, North Cyprus\nBoth the towers feature a significant peace of military design with two long galleries equipped with arrow slits and joined by a square chamber. Of the highest watchtower, that would be lit to alert the residents of any danger, just one wall and a Gothic window still exists. By contrast, the northern bastion is impressively complete."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.naplesnews.com/story/news/local/2016/04/23/naples-spent-47412-on-investigation-that-reached-no-conclusions-on-claims-against-fired-fire-chief/85912446/

Naples spent $47,412 on investigation that reached no conclusions on claims against fired fire chief

["Naples spent $47,412 on investigation that reached no conclusions on claims against fired fire chief\nNaples spent $47,412 on investigation that reached no conclusions on claims against fired fire chief\nJoseph Cranney\nNaples Daily News\nAn investigation into claims of misconduct against Steve McInerny that came to an abrupt end when he was fired as chief of the Naples Fire-Rescue Department cost taxpayers more than $47,000 and reached no conclusions.", "Naples spent $47,412 on investigation that reached no conclusions on claims against fired fire chief\nThe internal review, conducted by a $245-an-hour lawyer, produced more than 700 pages of transcripts and other documents, which Mayor Bill Barnett said last week he hadn't yet read.", "Naples spent $47,412 on investigation that reached no conclusions on claims against fired fire chief\n\"I would rather spend the money building bigger playground equipment or resurfacing streets or planting larger trees,\" City Manager Bill Moss said about the $47,412 bill the city paid for the investigation. \"But the fact is we're a very larger employer and we have to be cognizant of labor practices \u2026 and a sense of fairness to our employees.\"", "Naples spent $47,412 on investigation that reached no conclusions on claims against fired fire chief\nAfter the fire union sent a letter to the City Council in October saying its members had unanimously lost confidence in McInerny, Moss hired the investigator to \"determine the basis for the allegations in the letter and any subsequent course of action,\" Moss wrote in a memo to the City Council last week.\nThe action, Moss said, was based on a provision of the Firefighters' Bill of Rights that allows for fact-gathering before the city takes disciplinary action against an employee accused of impropriety.", "Naples spent $47,412 on investigation that reached no conclusions on claims against fired fire chief\nThe documents from the investigation, released last week, reveal long-standing complaints that union members had with McInerny. The documents also show how the issues came to a head last summer when McInerny hired a new battalion chief from outside the city rather than promote one of several applicants internally.", "Naples spent $47,412 on investigation that reached no conclusions on claims against fired fire chief\nMcInerny told an investigator in November that the \"primary motivation\" behind the union's action was his decision last year to hire Phil Pennington from Ft. Lauderdale as a new battalion chief in charge of training.\nIn September, McInerny passed on four members of the Naples fire department to hire Pennington. McInerny didn't interview the internal candidates, he told an investigator, and described them as inexperienced or without the necessary degrees.", "Naples spent $47,412 on investigation that reached no conclusions on claims against fired fire chief\nAdam Nadelman, the union president, told an investigator that McInerny lied when he said he couldn't hire Naples Lt. Gerald Pecar for the position because the human resources department said he needed a degree.\nMike Nichols, a battalion chief, told an investigator that \"the straw that broke the camel's back\" was the hiring of Pennington.", "Naples spent $47,412 on investigation that reached no conclusions on claims against fired fire chief\nIn a five-page memo written by McInerny's lawyer, Robert Bates, in response to the investigation, McInerny claims testimony was shared among witnesses and describes the investigation as a \"carefully crafted, selectively engineered and produced political hit.\"\nAmong the 63 employees in the Naples fire department, 50 are members of the IAFF Local 2174. More than two-thirds of the members took part in the unanimous vote against McInerny last fall, Nadelman said.", "Naples spent $47,412 on investigation that reached no conclusions on claims against fired fire chief\nMoss fired McInerny, he said, not due to any findings from the investigation, but because \"his management style is no longer suitable in the present environment, considering the current department staff,\" among other concerns.\nThe ordeal highlights how complaints from an upset union, which prompted the city administration to investigate, can spur a City Council and the city manager into action.", "Naples spent $47,412 on investigation that reached no conclusions on claims against fired fire chief\nThe union sent its letter complaining about McInerny on Oct. 21, a Wednesday morning before a council meeting. The letter set off a heated debate among council members, some of whom had previously expressed their own concerns about McInerny.", "Naples spent $47,412 on investigation that reached no conclusions on claims against fired fire chief\nIn a 4-3 vote last fall, the council directed Moss to look into the union's claims. The next week, Moss hired Vicki Sproat from the Henderson, Franklin, Starnes & Holt law firm in Fort Myers. She worked from November until March 15, when Moss fired McInerny and ended the investigation. She charged the city for more than 190 hours of work at a rate of $245 per hour, according to invoices.", "Naples spent $47,412 on investigation that reached no conclusions on claims against fired fire chief\nAs firefighters told Sproat in interviews, there were many changes when McInerny became chief in 2009. He met with battalion chiefs and told them the department needed to start classifying fires differently to adhere to fire reporting standards. He submitted expensive budget wish lists to the City Council, in which items were rejected. And he lobbied for a new multimillion dollar fire house behind City Hall.", "Naples spent $47,412 on investigation that reached no conclusions on claims against fired fire chief\nMcInerny came to Naples after serving more than two decades as a fire official in Ft. Lauderdale, a city with a much larger fire department and a much larger fire budget.\n\"He wants to be like Fort Lauderdale,\" Pecar told Sproat in December, according to the interview transcript. \"Jokingly we call this \u2026 West Fort Lauderdale. Every time we talk to him about stuff, he says, 'When I was in Lauderdale.' It's always back to, 'When I was in Lauderdale.'\""]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://en.internationalism.org/content/3415/resolution-international-situation-1993

Resolution on the international situation (1993)

["Resolution on the international situation (1993)\n\u00bb International Review no. 74 - 3rd quarter 1993\nResolution on the international situation (1993)\nSubmitted by International Review on 17 December, 2009 - 09:14", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\nFor ten years decomposition has spread its grip over the whole of society. Increasingly, world events can only be understood in this framework. However, the phase of decomposition belongs to capitalism's decadence and the tendencies proper to the whole of this period do not disappear, far from it", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\nThus in examining the world situation it is important to distinguish the phenomena which spring from the period of decadence in general, from those which specifically belong to its ultimate phase of decomposition, especially since their respective impacts on the working class are not identical and can even act in opposing senses", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\nAnd this applies as much on the level of imperialist conflicts as on that of the economic crisis which both constitute the essential elements determining the development of working class struggles and its consciousness.", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\n1) Rarely since the end of World War II has the world known such a proliferation and intensification of wars as we are seeing today. The Gulf War, at the beginning of 91, was supposed to install a \"new world order\" based on \"Law\". Since then the free for all which followed the end of the carving up of the world by the two imperialist colossi has not ceased to spread and worsen", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\nAfrica and South East Asia, traditional terrains for imperialist confrontation, have continued their plunge into convulsions and wars. Liberia, Rwanda, Angola, Somalia, Afghanistan, Cambodia: these countries are today synonymous with armed confrontations and desolation despite all the \"peace accords\" and the intervention of the \"international community\" directly or indirectly patronized by the UNO", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\nTo these \"storm zones\" can be added the Caucasus and Central Asia which are paying a heavy price in inter-ethnic massacres for the disappearance of the USSR. Lastly, the haven of stability which Europe has constituted since the end of World War II is now plunged into one of the most bloody and barbaric conflicts. These confrontations tragically express the characteristics of the capitalist world in decomposition", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\nThey largely result from the newly created situation which constitutes, up to now, the most important manifestation of this new phase of capitalist decadence: the collapse of the Stalinist regimes and of the Eastern bloc. But, at the same time, these conflicts are again aggravated by one of the general and fundamental characteristics of this decadence: the antagonism between the different imperialist powers", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\nThus, the pretended \"humanitarian aid\" in Somalia is only a pretext and an instrument of the confrontation of the two imperialist powers which today oppose each other in Africa: the United States and France. Behind the offensive of the Khmer Rouge in Cambodia lies China", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\nBehind the different cliques battling for power in Kabul, stand the interests of the regional powers of Pakistan, India, Iran, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, powers whose own interests and antagonisms are tied up with those of the \"Great\" powers, like the United States and Germany. Lastly, the convulsions which have put Yugoslavia to fire and sword, just some hundreds of miles away from \"advanced\" Europe, also reveal the principal antagonisms which today divide the planet.", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\n2) Ex-Yugoslavia has become a major bone of contention in the rivalries between the world's main powers. If the confrontations and massacres which have unfolded here have found a favorable terrain with ancestral ethnic antagonisms smothered by the Stalinist regimes whose collapse has bought back to the surface, the sordid calculations of the major powers have constituted a factor of the first order in the exacerbation of these antagonisms", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\nIt is because Germany encouraged the secession of the northern republics of Slovenia and Croatia, so as to make an opening towards the Mediterranean that has opened the Pandora's Box of Yugoslavia. It is because the other European states, as well as the United States, were opposed to this German offensive that they have directly, or indirectly by their inactivity, encouraged Serbia and its militias to unleash \"ethnic cleansing\" in the name of the \"defense of minorities\"", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\nIn fact, ex-Yugoslavia constitutes a sort of resume, a striking and tragic illustration of the whole of the world situation in the domain of imperialist conflicts.", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\n3) In the first place, the confrontations which today ravage this part of the world are a new confirmation of the total economic irrationality of imperialist war", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\nFor a long time, and following the \"Gauche Communiste de France\", the ICC has pointed out the fundamental difference opposing wars of the ascendant period of capitalism, which had a real rationality for the development of this system, and those of the period of decadence which can only express the total economic absurdity of a mode of production in agony", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\nIf the aggravation of imperialist antagonisms has as its ultimate cause the scramble of all the national bourgeoisies faced with the total dead end of the capitalist economy, the conflicts of war offer not the slightest \"solution\" to the crisis, for the world economy as a whole any more than for any country in particular. As \"Internationalisme\" already noted in 1945, war is no longer at the service of the economy, but rather the economy which is at the service of war and its preparation", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\nAnd this phenomenon has only got worse since. In the case of Yugoslavia, none of the protagonists can hope for the least economic profit from their involvement in the conflict. This is evident for all the Republics who are making war at the present time: the massive destruction of the means of production and the forces of labor, the paralysis of transport and productive activity, the enormous waste that armaments represent to the detriment of the local economy will benefit none of the new states", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\nSimilarly, contrary to the idea which exists in the proletarian political milieu, this totally ravaged economy can in no way constitute a solvent market for the surplus production of the industrialized countries. It is not markets which the major powers are disputing on the territory of ex-Yugoslavia, but strategic positions destined to prepare for what has become the principal activity of decadent capitalism: imperialist war on a still larger scale.", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\n4) The situation in ex-Yugoslavia confirms another point that the ICC has underlined for a long time: the fragility of the European edifice", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\nThis, with its different institutions (European Organization of Economic Cooperation responsible for administering the Marshall Plan and which was ultimately transformed into the OECD, the Western European Union founded in 1949, the European Community of Coal and Steel which came into being in 1952, and which five years later became the European Economic Community) was essentially constituted as an instrument of the American bloc faced with the threat of a Russian bloc", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\nThe common interests of the different states of Western Europe faced with this threat (which did not prevent France's president de Gaulle from trying to limit US hegemony) constituted a powerful factor stimulating cooperation, notably economic, between these states. Such cooperation was unable to overcome the economic rivalries amongst them - a result which cannot be attained in capitalism - but it did permit a certain \"solidarity\" faced with the commercial competition of Japan and the United States", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\nWith the collapse of the Eastern bloc, the basis of the European edifice has been overturned. Henceforth, the European Union, that the Maastricht Treaty of 1991 wants to follow the EEC, will no longer be considered as an instrument of a Western bloc which itself has ceased to exist. On the contrary, this structure has become a battleground for imperialist antagonisms that the disappearance of the old configuration of the world has thrown up", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\nThis is what the confrontations in Yugoslavia have shown when we see the profound divisions displayed by the European states incapable of putting together the least common policy faced with a conflict developing on their own doorstep", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\nToday, even if the \"European Union\" can still be used by all the participants as a bulwark against the commercial competition of Japan and the United States or as an instrument against immigration and against the combats of the working class, its diplomatic and military component is the object of a dispute which can only get worse between those (particularly France and Germany) who want to make it play a role as a structure capable of rivaling American power (preparing the formation of a future imperialist bloc) and the allies of the United States (essentially Britain and Holland) who see their presence there as a means of restraining such a tendency[1].", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\n5) The evolution of the conflict in the Balkans equally illustrates one of the other characteristics of the world situation: the fetters on the reconstitution of a new system of imperialist blocs. As the ICC has underlined from the end of 89, the tendency towards such a system has been on the agenda ever since the old one disappeared with the collapse of the Eastern bloc", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\nThe emergence of a candidate to the leadership of a new imperialist bloc, rivaling that which would be led by the United States, is rapidly confirmed with the advance of Germany's positions in central Europe and in the Balkans whereas its freedom of military and diplomatic maneuver is still limited by the constraints inherited from its defeat in the World War II", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\nThe ascension of Germany is largely based on its economic and financial power, but it has also benefited from the support of its old accomplice in the EEC, France (concerted action in relation to the European Community, creation of common army corps, etc)", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\nHowever, Yugoslavia has shown the contradictions which divide this tandem: whereas Germany gave solid support to Slovenia and Croatia, for a long period France maintained a pro-Serbian policy aligning it, in the first instance, with the position of Britain and the United States, which permitted the latter to drive in a wedge within the privileged alliance between the two main European countries", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\nEven if these two countries have made great efforts to see that the bloody imbroglio in Yugoslavia does not compromise their cooperation (for example Bundesbank support for the French Franc against speculative attacks), it is more and more clear that they do not put the same hopes in their alliance. Because of its economic power and its geographic position, Germany aspires to the leadership of a \"Greater Europe\" which itself would be the central axis of a new imperialist bloc", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\nIf it agrees to play such a role in the European structure, the French bourgeoisie, who since 1870 know the power of their neighbor to the east, would not be content with the role of second fiddle that is offered them with this alliance", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\nFor that reason France is not interested in too great a development of German military power (access to the Mediterranean, acquisition of nuclear arms notably) which would devalue the trumps it holds in order to maintain a certain parity with its neighbor over the leadership of Europe and at the head of contestation of American hegemony. The Paris meeting of March 11 between Vance, Owen and Milosevic under the presidency of Mitterrand, once again illustrates this reality", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\nThus, one of the conditions for a new sharing out of the world between two imperialist blocs, the very significant growth of the military capacities of Germany, carries with it the threat of serious difficulties between the two European candidates for the leadership of a new bloc", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\nThe conflict in ex-Yugoslavia confirms that the tendency towards the constitution of a new bloc, put on the agenda with the disappearance of that of the East in 1989, is by no means assured of reaching its end: to the geopolitical situation specific to the two bourgeoisies who make up the principal protagonists can be added the general difficulties proper to the period of decomposition which exacerbate the \"each for themselves\" between all the states.", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\n6) The conflict in ex-Yugoslavia finally confirms one of the other major characteristics of the world situation: the limits of the efficacy of the 1991 operation \"Desert Storm\" designed to assert US leadership over the world. As the ICC said at the time, this large-scale operation was not mainly aimed at Saddam Hussein or even at the other countries of the periphery who might have tried to imitate Iraq", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\nFor the United States it was a question first of asserting and reminding others of its role as \"world policeman\" faced with the convulsions coming from the collapse of the Russian bloc, and particularly to obtain obedience from the other Western powers who, with the end of the threat from the east, were spreading their wings", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\nHardly some months after the Gulf War, the beginning of the confrontations in Yugoslavia illustrated the fact that these same powers, and particularly Germany, were quite determined to make their imperialist interests prevail to the detriment of those of the United States", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\nSince then, the USA, while it has succeeded in demonstrating the impotence of the European Union by the lack of harmony reigning in the ranks of the latter, including here between the best allies of France and Germany, it ha not really contained the advance of other imperialisms, particularly those of the latter country which has, on the whole, achieved its aims in ex-Yugoslavia", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\nSuch a setback is clearly serious for the first world power since it can only encourage the tendency of numerous countries, on every continent, to use the new world givens in order to loosen the grip that's been imposed on them by the United States for decades", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\nIt is for this reason that the activism of the United States has not ceased around Bosnia after it made a display of military force with its massive and spectacular \"humanitarian\" deployment in Somalia and the prohibition of air space in South Iraq.", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\n7) This latest military operation also confirms a certain number of realities previously put forward by the ICC. It has illustrated the fact that the real target aimed at by the United States in this part of the world is not Iraq, since it has strengthened Saddam Hussein's regime both inside and outside Iraq, but rather its \"allies\" that it tried, with less success than in 1991, to get behind it once more (the third thief of \"the coalition\", France, was content this time to send reconnaissance aircraft)", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\nIn particular it constituted a message to Iran whose growing military power is accompanied by a re-forging of links with certain European, notably France. This operation equally confirms, since Kuwait is no longer concerned, that the Gulf War was not fought over the price of oil or for the United State's preservation of its \"oil revenue\" as the leftists, and even at one point certain groups in the political milieu have affirmed", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\nIf the US is keen to conserve and strengthen its grip on the Middle East and its oil fields, it is not fundamentally for commercial or strictly economic reasons. Above all it wants the power, should the need is felt, to deprive its Japanese and European rivals of their supplies of an essential raw material for a developed economy and still more for any military undertaking (a raw material moreover which the main ally of the US, Britain, has in abundance).", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\n8) Thus, recent events have confirmed that, faced with an exacerbation of world chaos and of \"look after number one\" and the strong growth of its new imperialist rivals, the first world power will increasingly have to make use of its military force in order to preserve its supremacy. Potential areas of confrontation are not lacking and can only multiply", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\nThe Indian sub-continent, dominated by the antagonism between Pakistan and India, will find itself more and more concerned, as we can see, for example, with the confrontations in this latter country between religious communities which, if they are a testimony to decomposition, are stirred up by this antagonism", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\nSimilarly, the Far East today is the theatre of large-scale imperialist maneuvers such as, in particular, the rapprochement between China and Japan (sealed by the visit to Peking, for the first time in history, of the Emperor of Japan). It is more than likely that this configuration of imperialist forces will be confirmed since:", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\n- there is no contentious issue remaining between China and Japan;\n- each of these two countries has a dispute with Russia (the Russo-Chinese frontier, the Kurile Islands question);\n- rivalry is growing between the United States and Japan around South East Asia and the Pacific;", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\n- Russian is \"condemned\", even if that stirs up the \"conservatives'\" resistance to Yeltsin, to an American alliance from very fact of the importance of its atomic armaments (that the United States could not tolerate passing into the hands of another alliance).", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\nAntagonisms between the first world power and its ex-allies do not even spare the American continent where repeated coup attempts against Carlos Andres Perez in Venezuela as well as the constitution of the NAFTA, quite apart from their economic and social causes and implications, are moves aimed at increasing the influence of certain European states", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\nThus, the world perspective on the level of imperialist tensions is characterized by an ineluctable increase of the latter with a growing use of military force by the United States, and the recent election of the Democrat, Clinton, will not reverse this tendency, on the contrary. Up to now, these tensions have essentially developed from the fall-out of the collapse of the Eastern bloc", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\n9) The year 1992 was characterized by a considerable aggravation of the situation of the world economy. In particular, the open recession generalized reaching countries that had been spared the first time round, such as France, and among the most solid as Germany and even Japan", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\nIf Clinton's election represented the continuance, and the strengthening, of the policy of the first world power on the imperialist arena, it symbolizes the end of a whole period in the evolution of the crisis and of the bourgeoisie's policies in order to face up to it. It takes note of the definitive weakness of \"Reaganomics\" which had aroused the most insane hopes in the ranks of the dominant class and numerous illusions among the proletariat", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\nToday, in bourgeois language, there no longer remains the least reference to the mythical virtues of \"deregulation\" and \"less state\". Even politicians belonging to the forces who were made the apostles of \"Reaganomics\", such as Major in Great Britain, admit, faced with the accumulation of difficulties in the economy, the necessity for \"more state\" in it.", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\n10) The \"Reagan years\", prolonged by the \"Bush years\", in no way represented an inversion of the historic tendency, specific to decadent capitalism, of the reinforcement of state capitalism", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\nDuring this period, measures such as the massive increase of military spending, the rescue of the Savings and Loans by the Federal Reserve (which increased state spending by $1000 billion dollars) or the voluntary lowering of interest rates below the rate of inflation, have represented a significant growth in the intervention of the state in the economy of the first world power", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\nIn fact, whatever the ideological themes used, whatever the modalities, the bourgeoisie can never, in the period of decadence, renounce calling on the state to bring together something of an economy which is tending to break apart, in order to try to cheat its capitalist laws (and only the state can do this, notably by using the printing press. However, with:", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\n- the new aggravation of the world crisis;\n- the critical level reached by the dilapidation of certain crucial sectors of the American economy (health, education, infrastructure, equipment, research...) encouraged by the frantic \"liberal\" policy of Reagan and Co;\n- the surrealist explosion of speculation to the detriment of productive investments encouraged by \"Reaganomics\".", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\nThe Federal State cannot escape a much more open intervention, an uncovered face, in this economy. In this sense, the significance of the arrival of the Democrat Clinton to the head of the American executive must not be reduced to merely ideological imperatives. These imperatives are not negligible, notably with a view to encouraging a greater adherence by the whole population of the United States to its imperialist policy", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\nBut, much more fundamental, the Clinton \"New Deal\" signals the necessity of a significant reorientation of this bourgeoisie's policy, a reorientation that Bush, too closely linked to the preceding policy, was badly placed to open up.", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\n11) This political reorientation, contrary to the promises of Clinton the candidate, will not call into question the degradation of working class living conditions, that is qualified as \"middle class\" for the purposes of propaganda. Hundreds of billions of dollars of savings announced by Clinton at the end of February \u201893, represent a considerable growth of austerity designed to relieve the enormous Federal deficit and improve US competivity on the world market", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\nHowever, this policy comes up against insuperable limits. The reduction of the budget deficit, if it is indeed carried out, will only accentuate the tendencies of the slowing down of the economy which has been doped by the same deficit for almost a decade. Such a slowing down, by reducing fiscal receipts (despite the increase seen in imports) will again lead to the aggravation of this deficit", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\nThus, whatever the measures applied, the American bourgeoisie will confront an impasse; instead of a recovery of the economy and a reduction of its debt (and particularly that of the state) it is condemned, to a deadline which cannot be deferred for long, to a new slowing down of the economy and to an irreversible increase in debt.", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\n12) The impasse in which the American economy is placed only expresses that of the whole of the world economy. Every country is increasingly squeezed in a vice whose jaws are the fall of production and the explosion of debt (particularly that of the state). It's the striking manifestation of the irreversible crisis of overproduction into which the capitalist mode of production has sunk for more than two decades", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\nSuccessively, the explosion of debt in the Third World, after the world recession of 73-74, then the explosion of American debt (as much internal as external), after that of 81-82, allowed the world economy to limit the direct expressions, and above all to mask the reality of this overproduction. Today, the draconian measures that the US proposes to apply, signal the definitive scrapping of the American \"locomotive\" which had pulled the world economy during the 1980's", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\nThe internal market of the United States is closing up more and more, and in an irreversible fashion. And if it is not thanks to a better competitivity of US-made goods, it will be through the unprecedented growth of protectionism, of which Clinton, since his arrival, has given a foretaste (increase in laws on agricultural products, steel, aircraft, closure of public markets...)", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\nThus, the only perspective for the world market is that of an irreparable and growing contraction, all the more so as it is confronted with a catastrophic crisis of credit symbolized by ever more numerous bankruptcies in banking: constantly and deliriously abused by endebtment, the international financial system is near to explosion, an explosion which will lead to bringing about, in an apocalyptic fashion, the collapse of the markets and of production.", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\n13) Another factor aggravating the state of the world economy is the growing chaos developing in international relations. When the world lived under the two imperialist giants, the necessary discipline that the allies had to respect within each of the blocs was expressed not only on the military and diplomatic, but also on the economic level", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\nIn the case of the Western bloc, it is through structures such as the OECD, the IMF, the G7 that the allies, who were at the same time the main advanced countries, established, under the aegis of their US chief, a coordination of their economic policies and a modus-vivendi in order to contain their commercial rivalries", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\nToday, the disappearance of the Western bloc, following the collapse of that in the East, has dealt a decisive blow to this coordination (even if the old structures still survive) and leaves the field clear for the exacerbation of \"every man for himself\" in economic relations. Concretely, commercial wars can only be unleashed still more, aggravating the difficulties and instability of the world economy. This can be seen in the present paralysis in the GATT negotiations", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\nOfficially these have the aim of limiting protectionism between the \"partners\" so as to encourage world trade and thus the production of different national economies. The fact that these negotiations have become a free-for-all, where imperialist antagonisms are superimposed on simple commercial rivalries, can only provoke the inverse effect: a still greater disorganization of these exchanges, growing difficulties for the national economies.", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\n14) Thus, coming into the last decade of the century, the gravity of the crisis has reached a qualitatively superior degree to anything capitalism has known up to now. The financial system moves closer to the edge of the precipice with the permanent and growing risk of being dashed against the rocks. The commercial war which will be unleashed will be at a level never seen. Capitalism cannot find any new \"locomotive\" to replace the American locomotive which is henceforth out of action", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\nIn particular, the colossal markets which the old countries run by the Stalinist regimes were supposed to represent only existed in the imagination of some sectors of the dominant class (and also in that of some groups of the proletarian milieu)", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\nThe hopeless dilapidation of these economies, the bottomless pit that they represent for any investment, the political convulsions which excite the dominant class and which will even more deepen the economic catastrophe, all these elements indicate that they about to plunge into a situation like that of the Third World, that far from constituting a second wind for the economies of the most developed countries, they have become a growing millstone for them", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\nFinally, if in the more developed economies, inflation has some chance of being contained, as is the case up to now, that does not at all mean any overcoming of the economic difficulties that underlie it. On the contrary, it is an expression of the dramatic reduction of the markets which exerts a powerful downward pressure on the price of goods", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\nThe perspective for the world economy is thus a growing fall of production with the wastage of a yet more important part of invested capital (bankruptcies, industrial desertification, etc) and a drastic reduction of variable capital, which signifies for the working class, outside of the growing attacks against wages, massive job losses, an unprecedented growth of unemployment.", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\nThe perspective of class combat\n15) The capitalist attacks of every order which are unleashed today, and which can only worsen, hit a proletariat which has been palpably weakened during the course of the last three years, a weakening which has affected its consciousness as much as its combativity.", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\nIt is the collapse of the Stalinist regimes of Europe and the dislocation of the whole of the Eastern bloc at the end of 89, which has constituted the essential factor in the reflux of the proletariat's consciousness", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\nThe identification, by all sectors of the bourgeoisie for half a century, of these regimes with \"socialism\", the fact that these regimes did not fall under the blows of the class struggle but following an implosion of their economy, has allowed the bourgeoisie to use massive campaigns on \"the death of communism\", on the \"definitive victory of liberal and democratic capitalism\", on the perspective of a \"new world order\" made of peace, prosperity and the respect for Law", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\nAlthough the vast majority of the proletariat in the great industrial concentrations have for a long time ceased to have any illusions in the so-called \"socialist paradises\", the inglorious disappearance of the Stalinist regimes has nevertheless dealt a blow to the idea that there could ever be anything else than the capitalist system, that the action of the proletariat could lead to an alternative to this system", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\nSuch a blow to consciousness was still more aggravated by the explosion of the USSR, following the failed coup of 1991, hitting the country which had been the theatre of the proletarian revolution at the beginning of the century.", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\nOn the other hand, the Gulf crisis, from Summer 90, operation \"Desert Storm\" at the beginning of 91, engendered a profound sentiment of impotence among workers who felt themselves totally incapable of acting, or of weighing on events whose gravity they were conscious of, but which remained the exclusive province of \"those on high\"", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\nThis feeling powerfully contributed to a weakening of workers' combativity in a context where this combativity had already been altered, although to a lesser extent, by events in the East the previous year. And this weakening of combativity was yet further aggravated by the explosion of the USSR two years after the collapse of its bloc and by the contemporary development of confrontations in ex-Yugoslavia.", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\n16) Events which rushed along after the collapse of the Eastern bloc, by raising a whole series of questions and contradictions to the bourgeoisie's campaigns of 1989, contributed to undermining a part of the mystifications in which the working class had been plunged. Thus, the crisis and the Gulf War began to deal some decisive blows to illusions on the installation of an \"era of peace\" that Bush had announced at the time of the collapse of the rival imperialism from the east", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\nAt the same time, the barbaric behavior of the \"great democracy\" of America and its acolytes, the massacres of Iraqi soldiers and the civilian population helped to unmask the lies on the \"superiority\" of democracy, on the victory of the \"right of nations\", and of the \"rights of man\"", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\nLastly, the catastrophic aggravation of the crisis, the open recession, bankruptcies, losses registered by companies considered the most prosperous, massive job losses in every sector and particularly in these companies, the inexorable growth of unemployment, all these expressions of the capitalist economy's insurmountable contradictions are about to settle the hash of the lies about the \"prosperity\" of the capitalist system, its capacity to overcome the difficulties which had engulfed its so-called \"socialist\" rival", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\nThe working class has not yet digested all of the blows against its consciousness in the preceding period. In particular, the idea that there could be an alternative to capitalism does not automatically flow from the growing fact of the weakness of this system and can very well give rise to despair. But, within the class, conditions for a rejection of bourgeois lies, of a profound questioning, are about to develop.", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\n17) This reflection in the working class takes place at a time where the accumulation of capitalist attacks and their growing brutality obliges it to shake off the torpor that has overcome it for several years. In turn:\n- the explosion of workers' combativity in Italy during Autumn 92 (a combativity which has never been completely extinguished since);\n- to a lesser degree but significant, the massive demonstrations of workers in Britain during the same period, after the announcement of many mine closures;", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\n- the combativity expressed by the proletariat of Germany at the end of the winter following massive job cuts, notably in what constitutes one of the symbols of industrial capitalism, the Ruhr;\n- other signs of workers' combativity, on a smaller scale, but which are multiplying in several countries of Europe faced with more and more draconian austerity plans.", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\nAll this shows that the proletariat is about to unclamp itself from the vice that has been gripping it since the beginning of the 90s, that it is freeing itself from the paralysis which had forced it to submit to the attacks of the bourgeoisie from this time without reaction. Thus, the present situation is fundamentally different from that at the preceding ICC Congress, which stated that \"..", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\nthe apparatus of the left of the bourgeoisie has already tried for several months to launch movements of premature struggle so as to hold back this reflection (within the proletariat) and to spread additional confusion in workers' ranks\"", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\nIn particular, the ambiance of impotence which predominated among the majority of workers, and which helped the bourgeoisie's maneuvers aiming to provoke minority struggles destined to drown in isolation, tends to give way more and more to a will to cross swords with the bourgeoisie, to reply with determination to its attacks.", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\n18) The proletariat of the main industrialized countries is about to raise its head, confirming what the ICC has never ceased to affirm: \"the fact that the working class still holds the key to the future within its hands\" (Resolution to the 9th ICC Congress), and which it announced with confidence: \"...it is because the historic course has not been overturned, because the bourgeoisie has not succeeded with its multiple campaigns and maneuvers in inflicting a decisive defeat on the class of the advanced countries and rallying them behind the national banner, that the reflux submitted to by the class, as much at the level of its consciousness as of its combativity, will necessarily be overcome\"", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\n(Resolution of 29.3.92, International Review 70). However, this recovery of class combat will be difficult. The first attempts made by the proletariat since Autumn 92 show that it still suffers from the weight of the reflux. Largely, the experience, the lessons acquired during the struggles of the 80s, have not yet been reappropriated by the great majority of workers. On the other hand the bourgeoisie, from now, shows that it has drawn the lessons of preceding combats:", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\n- by organizing, for some time, a whole series of campaigns designed to make the workers lose their class identity, particularly the anti-fascist and anti-racist campaigns, as well as others aimed at brain-washing them with nationalism;\n- by using the unions to take the lead in any expressions of combativity;\n- by radicalizing the language of these organs flanking the working class;\n- by straightaway giving, wherever it's necessary as in Italy, a leading role to rank-and-file unionism;", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\n- in some countries, by organizing or preparing the departure of \"socialist\" parties from government, the better to play the card of the left in opposition;\n- by avoiding, thanks to international planning of its attacks, a simultaneous development of workers struggles in different countries;\n- by organizing a systematic black-out on struggles.", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\nMoreover, the bourgeoisie has shown itself capable of using the reflux in class consciousness to introduce false demands and objectives into the struggle (union rights, work sharing, defense of the company, etc).", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\n19) More generally, it is still a long road that the proletariat must travel before it is capable of affirming its revolutionary perspective. It will have to spring all the usual traps that all the forces of the bourgeoisie will put under its feet", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\nAt the same time, it will confront all the poison of the decomposition of capitalism which penetrates the workers' ranks, and which the dominant class (whose political difficulties linked to decomposition do not affect its ability to maneuver against its mortal enemy) will cynically use:", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\n- atomization, the \"resourceful\" individual, the \"look after number one\" spirit, which tends to undermine workers' solidarity and class identity and which, even in moments of combativity, will encourage corporatism;\n- despair, the lack of perspective will continue to weigh, even if the bourgeoisie cannot again use an occasion like the collapse of Stalinism;", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\n- the process of lumpenisation as a result of massive and long-term unemployment's tendency to cut many workers, especially the young, off from their class;\n- the growth of xenophobia, including among important sectors, greatly facilitating, in exchange, the anti-racist and anti-fascist campaigns, which are aimed both at dividing the working class, and of drawing it into defense of the democratic state;", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\n- urban riots, whether spontaneous or deliberately provoked (like those in Los Angeles in the spring of 1992), which the bourgeoisie will use to try to draw the proletariat off its class terrain;\n- the different manifestations of the rotting of the dominant class, the corruption and gangsterism of its political apparatus, which if it undermines it credibility in the workers' eyes, at the same time favorizes campaigns of diversion in favor of a \"clean\" (or \"green\") state;", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\n- the display of all the barbarity into which not only the Third World is plunging but also a part of Europe, like ex-Yugoslavia, which is a godsend for all the \"humanitarian\" campaigns aiming to make the workers feel guilty and accept the degradation of their own living conditions, but equally to justify the imperialist intrigues of the great powers.", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\n20) This last aspect of the situation shows the complexity of the question of war as a factor in proletarian consciousness. This complexity has already been amply analyzed by communist organizations, and notably by the ICC, in the past", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\nIn the main, it consists of the fact that, while imperialist war constitutes one of the major manifestations of the decadence of capitalism, symbolizing in particular the absurdity of a system in agony and indicating the necessity of overthrowing it, its impact on the working class' consciousness depends strictly on the circumstances in which it breaks out", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\nThus the Gulf War, two years ago, brought to the workers of the advanced countries (which were all practically involved in this war, directly or indirectly) a serious contribution to overcoming the illusions spread by the bourgeoisie the year before, and thus helped to clarify consciousness", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\nOn the other hand, the war in ex-Yugoslavia has contributed not at all to the clarification of consciousness in the proletariat, which is confirmed by the fact that the bourgeoisie has not felt the need to organize pacifist demonstrations whereas several advanced countries (as France and Britain) already have thousands of men on the ground. And the same is true for the massive US police operation in Somalia", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\nIt seems that, when the sordid game of imperialism can conceal itself behind \"humanitarian\" screens, in other words it is able to present its military interventions as designed to relieve humanity from the calamities resulting from capitalist decomposition, it cannot, in the present period, be used by the great masses of workers in order to strengthen their consciousness and their class determination", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\nThe ineluctable aggravation of the antagonisms between the great powers, by forcing them to make, even with the absence of the \"humanitarian\" pretext, more and more direct, massive and bloody interventions (which, in the final account, constitutes one of the major characteristics of the whole period of decadent capitalism) will tend to open the eyes of the workers to what is really at stake in our epoch", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\nThe same is true for war as for other expressions of the capitalist system's historic impasse: when they spring specifically from the decomposition of this system, they appear today as an obstacle to consciousness in the class; it is only as a general expression of the whole of decadence that they can constitute a positive element in this consciousness", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\nAnd this potentiality will tend to become more and more of a reality inasmuch as the gravity of the crisis and the attacks of the bourgeoisie, as well as the development of workers' struggles, will permit the proletarian masses to identify the link between the economic impasse of capitalism and its plunge into barbaric warfare.", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\n21) Thus, the evidence of the mortal crisis of the capitalist mode of production, the prime manifestation of its decadence, the terrible consequences that it will have for all sectors of the working class, the necessity for the latter to develop, against these consequences, the struggles in which it is once more engaging, will constitute a powerful factor in the development of consciousness", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\nThe aggravation of the crisis will more and more show that it is not the result of \"bad management\", that the \"virtuous\" bourgeoisie and the \"clean\" states are as incapable as the others of overcoming it, that they express the mortal impasse of the whole of capitalism", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\nThe massive deployment of workers' combats will constitute a powerful antidote against the noxious effects of decomposition, allowing the progressive surmounting, through the class solidarity that these combats imply, of atomization, \"every man for himself\" and all the divisions which weigh on the proletariat; between categories, branches of industry, between immigrants and indigenous workers, between the unemployed and workers with jobs", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\nIn particular, although the weight of decomposition has prevented the unemployed from entering the struggle (except in a punctual way) during the past decade, and contrary to the 30s, and while they will not be able to play a vanguard role comparable to that of the soldiers in Russia in 1917 as we had envisaged, the massive development of proletarian struggles will make it possible for them, notably in demonstrations on the street, to rejoin the general combat of their class, all the more so in that the numbers of unemployed who already have an experience of associated labor and of struggle at the workplace, can only grow", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\nMore generally, if unemployment is not a specific problem of those without work but rather a real question affecting and concerning all of the working class, notably as a clear and tragic expression of the historic weakness of capitalism, it is this same combat to come that will allow the proletariat to become fully conscious of it.", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\n22) It is also, and fundamentally, through this combat against incessant attacks on its living conditions that the proletariat will have to overcome all the aftermath of the collapse of Stalinism, which has dealt such a blow to its perception of a perspective, its consciousness that there exists a revolutionary alternative to moribund capitalism", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\nThis combat \"will give a new confidence to the working class, reminding it that it already constitutes a considerable force in society and will allow a growing mass of workers to turn once again towards the perspective of overthrowing capitalism\" (Resolution of 29.3.92)", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\nAnd the more this perspective is present in workers' consciousness, the more the class will acquire the means to thwart the traps of the bourgeoisie, in order to develop its struggles fully, to take them effectively in hand, spread and generalize them", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\nIn order to develop this perspective, the class must not only recover from the disorientation it has suffered during the recent period, and reappropriate the lesson of the struggles fought during the 1980's; it must also rebuild the historic link with its communist traditions. The central importance of this development of consciousness can only emphasize the immense responsibility that rests on today's revolutionary minorities. It is the vital precondition for the definitive success of the class' combat.", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\n[1] It seems that once again imperialist antagonisms do not automatically overlap with commercial rivalries, even if, with the collapse of the Eastern bloc, the world imperialist map today is closer than the preceding one to the map of these rivalries, which allows a country like the United States to utilize, notably in the GATT negotiations, its economic and commercial power as an instrument of blackmail against its ex-allies", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\nLikewise, the EEC could be both an instrument of the imperialist bloc dominated by the American power while favorizing commercial competition against the latter, countries as Britain and Holland can very well base themselves on European Union in order to validate their commercial interests faced with this power while representing its imperialist interests in Europe.", "Resolution on the international situation (1993)\nLife of the ICC:\nCongress Resolutions\nRecent and ongoing:\nInternational Situation\n\u2039 Editorial: The masks are down! up Twenty-five years after May 68: What\u2019s left of May 68? \u203a\nInternational Review no. 74 - 3rd quarter 1993\n10th Congress of the ICC\nEditorial: The masks are down!\nTwenty-five years after May 68: What\u2019s left of May 68?\nUnderstanding May\nWho can change the world? (Part 2): The proletariat is still the revolutionary class"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.courthousenews.com/hospital-blamed-for-pictures-of-dead-son/

Mother Sues Hospital After Dead Son's Pictures Taken by Murderers

["Mother Sues Hospital After Dead Son's Pictures Taken by Murderers\nHospital Blamed for Pictures of Dead Son\nKevin Koeninger / April 20, 2012\n(CN) - A mother says she was confronted with photographs of her dead son taken by his probable murderers because a Massachusetts hospital gave them access to the body.\nSaint Vincent Hospital in Worcester, Mass., treated 25-year-old Louis Rosario in the early morning hours of April 12, 2009, after he was brought in with two gunshots to the chest. He was pronounced dead just minutes after his arrival, according to the complaint.", "Mother Sues Hospital After Dead Son's Pictures Taken by Murderers\nDisregarding hospital policies, hospital staff \"allowed three youths, identified in the hospital records as 'family (brother), girlfriend, and wife' ... access to Mr. Rosario's body,\" Rosario's mother, Carmen Rivera, says in Superior Court.\n\"During the time that the hospital staff allowed the three youths access to Mr. Rosario's corpse, defendant hospital staff failed to monitor and supervise the activities of the three youths,\" the complaint continues.", "Mother Sues Hospital After Dead Son's Pictures Taken by Murderers\n\"At least one of the three youths photographed Mr. Rosario's corpse with a cell phone camera.\"\nRivera says she learned about the intrusion when she arrived at the hospital several hours later.", "Mother Sues Hospital After Dead Son's Pictures Taken by Murderers\nShe then \"informed defendant hospital staff that Mr. Rosario did not have a wife, never had married, that his brother Alex was a three year old child, and that the three youths were not related to Mr. Rosario by blood or marriage and had no permission from Mr. Rosario's family to access and view Mr. Rosario's corpse,\" according to the complaint.", "Mother Sues Hospital After Dead Son's Pictures Taken by Murderers\n\"The three youths that the defendant hospital staff had permitted to view and access Mr. Rosario's dead body were attendees of the party at which Mr. Rosario had been murdered.\"\nThough staffers had allowed strangers to see Rosario's body, Rivera says they \"would not permit the plaintiff's sister, Louis Rosario's aunt, to accompany ... [her] when she first viewed her son's murdered body.\"", "Mother Sues Hospital After Dead Son's Pictures Taken by Murderers\n\"Several days after his death, the plaintiff received text messages and e-mails containing a photograph of her dead son,\" the complaint states.\n\"The photograph of Louis Rosario's corpse has been circulated on public media.\"\nRivera says the hospital violated its \"patient bill of rights,\" which includes a right to confidentiality, personal dignity and also excludes photography of any kind.", "Mother Sues Hospital After Dead Son's Pictures Taken by Murderers\n\"All of the defendants failed to secure Mr. Rosario's body from the eyes of the curious and the malicious, including those who may have played a part in his murder,\" the complaint states.\nRivera seeks punitive damages from the hospital's operator, Vanguard Health Systems, Nurse Marlene Mwangi and four security officers, for privacy violations, negligent control of a dead body and negligent infliction of emotional distress. She is represented by Mark Itzkowitz in Boston.\nFollow @@kkoeninger44"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.uktamilnews.com/2016/01/15/police-brutality-continues-ahrc/

Police Brutality Continues: AHRC

["Police Brutality Continues: AHRC\nPolice Brutality Continues: AHRC\n\u201cIt is the people\u2019s security that is being threatened by actions such as the one that took place in Embilipitiya. People\u2019s security is also being threatened at almost every police station, every day, when the police brutally assault people under the guise of conducting criminal investigations\u201d, says the Asian Human Rights Commission (AHRC).", "Police Brutality Continues: AHRC\nIssuing a statement the AHRC said; \u201cThe Government has announced another attempt at constitution making in Sri Lanka which, this time is to begin, with the hope to complete the process, by the end of this year. A resolution to this effect has already been introduced in the Parliament and a Drafting Committee has been named. A valid question that begets asking is; what, does a constitution making in Sri Lanka imply", "Police Brutality Continues: AHRC\n? Some reflections of the alleged brutal murder in Embilipitiya, may provide some answers to this very important question about the purpose and direction of constitution making in Sri Lanka.\u201d", "Police Brutality Continues: AHRC\nWe publish below the statement in full;\nThe Constitution making and brutal police murder at Embilipitiya\nThe Government has announced another attempt at constitution making in Sri Lanka which, this time is to begin, with the hope to complete the process, by the end of this year. A resolution to this effect has already been introduced in the Parliament and a Drafting Committee has been named. A valid question that begets asking is; what, does a constitution making in Sri Lanka imply?", "Police Brutality Continues: AHRC\nSome reflections of the alleged brutal murder in Embilipitiya, may provide some answers to this very important question about the purpose and direction of constitution making in Sri Lanka.", "Police Brutality Continues: AHRC\nThe broad details of the incident as described in many reports, including many photographs and videos is quite simple. A party, was being held, at a residence in the Embilipitiya town and many people were attending this private celebration. During this party, two un-invited guests \u2013 who were two policemen \u2013 arrived at the house to the surprise of all guests and the residents. They were there not for any particular police duty, but to ask for Arrack (a local liquor), for their own consumption", "Police Brutality Continues: AHRC\nAs this request was not heeded to by the owners and residents there began a quarrel which quickly turned aggressive. The two policemen had beaten up several people at the house, in particular a young man, Sumith Prasanna Jayawardana who was the owner of the house. The policemen had then called their colleagues at the local police station as reinforcements, and soon thereafter a large group of policemen had also arrived and they had severely beaten the people attending the party, including women", "Police Brutality Continues: AHRC\nThe people who were at the event, have later spoken to the media including London based Sinhala BBC service, and had given accounts of the cruel manner in which they were treated by the officers attached to the Embilipitiya police. As a result of the police beating, Sumith Prasanna Jayawardana, a young man, was killed. This naturally provoked reaction from the people of Embilipitiya, who in large numbers began to gather and also put up black flags in protest of the police action", "Police Brutality Continues: AHRC\nThey also signed a petition, addressed to the Government to complain about this action. Meanwhile, police sought the intervention of the Magistrate in the area, and later served the pregnant widow, of the deceased young man with a notice ordering her to ensure that there will be no protest against the police and in particular forbidding anyone to carry a coffin, while demonstrating", "Police Brutality Continues: AHRC\nAs the tensions were building large numbers of police were called to the streets including, as reports stated, around 500 STF personnel (Special Task Force), in order to prevent a mass protest by the people.", "Police Brutality Continues: AHRC\nThis incident is the thus far the first killing to take place, due to police brutality in 2016. Going by the experiences of the previous years, this will certainly not be the last.", "Police Brutality Continues: AHRC\nA Constitution is the first law or the paramount law of a country, that lays down the rules that the government, all its institutions and the people should abide by, if they are to achieve the great goals that the nation has set out to achieve, such as development, prosperity, peace and harmony and orderly behaviour in every aspect of the nation\u2019s life", "Police Brutality Continues: AHRC\nThe simple question that would arise is ask then, as to whether it would be possible for the new constitution, to provide for a legal arrangement within which, the police in Sri Lanka will cease to act brutally. Or will it be the case that even after promulgation of the new constitution, the police will be allowed to act as brutally as they do now", "Police Brutality Continues: AHRC\nIf later be the case, then the people, particularly the people of lower income groups in the country will inevitably question, what good will such a constitution bring about to the people and the nation. Will this constitution making be another failed attempt as the two previous constitution makings were?", "Police Brutality Continues: AHRC\nIn no country is the maintenance of law and order possible, if the law enforcement agency of the country, the police itself, does not abide by the law. The Embilipitiya incident and many other similar incidents, only indicate that the Sri Lankan police do not consider it their duty, to abide by the law. A commonly held belief seems to be, that the police can break any law and get away with it.", "Police Brutality Continues: AHRC\nThe Embilipitiya incident confirms this perception. Despite of a brutal murder taking place, about which there is a large body of evidence, eye witnesses, photographs, videos and the like, the murders have not yet been arrested. They have only been transferred.", "Police Brutality Continues: AHRC\nLooking at the scale of indiscipline in the Sri Lanka police, it can be asserted without hesitation, that the police hierarchy and even they Government fears to take action against the police. The fear is that the police will retaliate and withdraw cooperation, which in turn will create even more problems for the Government to tackle.", "Police Brutality Continues: AHRC\n? Thus a test for the effectiveness of any new constitution, that promises to restore the rule of law and good governance, is that it will develop constitutional strategies, to create a law abiding police force. Given the conditions in Sri Lanka, this will not prove to be an easy task. To bring about such effective reforms would require considerable discussion with the people about what has become of their police force, quite openly and frankly", "Police Brutality Continues: AHRC\nIf that cannot happen, Sri Lanka will continue to be a place of disorder, which is caused mainly by its main law enforcement agency.", "Police Brutality Continues: AHRC\nThe President and the Prime Minister and even some ministers have spoken eloquently about the making of the new constitution and how it will make Sri Lanka a prosperous country. If they are serious about what they are talking, they should look into the state of policing in Sri Lanka and place before the people a perspective, as to how a policing that has turned wild, could be tamed and will become an instrument that generates an environment where law enforcement will become a civilised practice", "Police Brutality Continues: AHRC\nAn uncivilised policing and a good constitution are incompatible. One would hope that the President and the Prime Minister will demonstrate their wisdom and capacity to deal with this difficult problem.", "Police Brutality Continues: AHRC\nIt was not so long ago that the National Police Commission and the Human Rights Commission of Sri Lanka (HRCSL) forthright, condemned the police attack on the NDTA Students. The HRCSL, also imposed fines on the culprits. However, that does not seem to have awakened the Inspector General of Police, to take firm action to restore discipline. Instead, the Police Headquarters have moved the Courts, to challenge the action of the Human Rights Commission of Sri Lanka", "Police Brutality Continues: AHRC\nThe Constitution Drafting Committee, when it starts its work therefore, should seriously ponder on these questions. If they cannot find a way to create a law abiding police force, their efforts towards making a new constitution will not bring any good tidings to Sri Lanka.", "Police Brutality Continues: AHRC\nDrafting of a constitution, is not a matter of engaging in some paperwork. A nice constitution can be written by anyone, who has an access the text of other good constitutions in other countries. A really good drafting process of a constitutions involves dealing with threats to liberty and equality that the people are faced with and deliberating solutions that should be incorporated into the law so as to overcome these issues", "Police Brutality Continues: AHRC\nThus the drafters must address the socio political situation of the country and be \u2018clear-headed\u2019 about how to bring an enlightened approach to discipline within the government and amongst the people. If there is indiscipline in the government apparatus, the discipline among the people can be only brought about by repression. Then, what is required is not a constitution, but draconian national security laws", "Police Brutality Continues: AHRC\nThe period of rule under the last two constitutions (1972 and 1978) was a one that was carried out through such draconian national security laws. Naturally, Sri Lanka does not need a third one, to achieve the same purpose.", "Police Brutality Continues: AHRC\nAt the heart of constitution making should be the idea of people security, as against the narrow idea of national security. It is the people\u2019s security that is being threatened by actions such as the one that took place in Embilipitiya. People\u2019s security is also being threatened at almost every police station, every day, when the police brutally assault people under the guise of conducting criminal investigations.", "Police Brutality Continues: AHRC\nWhat has failed in Sri Lanka, is the \u2018law enforcement\u2019 within the democratic and rule of law framework. This failure cannot be cured by adding another paper law, even if one calls it a constitution. There has to be an intellectual attempt to grasp the violence that is perpetrated on the people through the very apparatus of the Government. Having understood the causes of such violence, it is up to the Constituent Assembly to debate the ways by which such violence could be brought to an end", "Police Brutality Continues: AHRC\nThe task of the Drafting Committee should be to help bring about such a debate, so that through a genuine discussion on actual problems, solutions can be found which could be incorporated into the new constitution."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

http://friendsofthearmory.org/historic-drawing-added-to-museum-collection/

Friends of Springfield Armory NHS Acquires Historic Drawing of the Armory by Colonel James Gilchrist Benton

["Friends of Springfield Armory NHS Acquires Historic Drawing of the Armory by Colonel James Gilchrist Benton\nOriginally posted April 25, 2019. Friends of Springfield Armory NHS Board (Armory Board) is pleased to announce the acquisition of a pen and ink drawing by Colonel James Gilchrist Benton, Ordnance Corps, USA, drawn while serving as Commanding Officer between 1866 \u2013 until his death in 1881. The drawing is a broad landscape view of the Armory\u2019s northern exposure and appears to have been made from the ascending topography between what is now Pearl and Worthington Streets", "Friends of Springfield Armory NHS Acquires Historic Drawing of the Armory by Colonel James Gilchrist Benton\nMany iconic features of Springfield; the Armory fence, Clock Tower and prominent church steeples in the south end, known to this day, are featured.", "Friends of Springfield Armory NHS Acquires Historic Drawing of the Armory by Colonel James Gilchrist Benton\nSpringfield Rifles Model 1866, 1868, 1873 and 1879 were made under his direction. Colonel Benton never took out a patent on any of his inventions; holding that, as he had been educated by the government, it was entitled to benefits, in every way, by his time and talents. Colonel Benton also made several inventions. One of which, was the application of electricity to determine velocity. A similar sentiment held by John C. Garand.", "Friends of Springfield Armory NHS Acquires Historic Drawing of the Armory by Colonel James Gilchrist Benton\nIt was agreed by the Armory Board that this drawing should return to the Armory as a part of the permanent collection and was purchased with funds from the Friends predecessor organization. The Morphy Auction House of Pennsylvania offered the drawing and other ephemera including bound printed materials concerning the governance of National Armories and an original copy of Marco Paul Visits the Arsenal at Springfield are included in the lot. The NPS will provide additional information soon"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

http://blog.calarts.edu/tag/master-class/

Tag: master class Stefan Żeromski of the Nederlands Dans Theater Teaches Master Class at CalArts The Nederlands Dans Theater (NDT) is one of Europe’s most prestigious dance companies, founded in 1959, after 22 dancers broke away from the Nederlands Ballet

[" to create a more modern\u2026\nApril 5, 2011 // Categories: Dance\nCAP 20 for 20 Master Class Series with Miguel and Linda Sandoval", "\nActor Miguel Sandoval (Medium) and wife Linda, a theater artist, recently conducted a CalArts CAP 20 for 20 master class with a number of young playwrights at Franklin High School\u2026\nMay 11, 2010 // Categories: CAP\nCalArts Celebrates 20 Years of Community, Arts and Partnership\nDespite the budget crisis that looms over arts funding in California, the CalArts Community Arts Partnership (CAP) program had a reason to celebrate last week: 20 years of enriching the\u2026\nApril 29, 2010 // Categories: CAP", "\nCalArts CAP Master Classes Continue with Actor-Director Ed Harris\n20 for 20 is a master class series that commemorates the 20th anniversary of CalArts\u2019 Community Arts Partnership (CAP) program. Artist ambassadors, from all disciplines, are leading 20 classes and\u2026\nCalArts CAP Master Class with The Airborne Toxic Event", "\nLast week, the CalArts\u2019 CAP 20 for 20 master class series continued with the LA-based band, The Airborne Toxic Event. Band members Mikel Jollett (vocals, guitar, keyboards), Steven Chen (guitar,\u2026\nApril 3, 2010 // Categories: CAP, Music"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/20/world/asia/modi-india-election.html?partner=rss&amp;emc=rss

Asia Pacific|The Choice in India: ‘Our Trump’ or a Messier Democracy The Choice in India: ‘Our Trump’ or a Messier Democracy Prime Minister Narendra Modi of India during a roadshow in Varanasi, India, last month.CreditCreditAdnan Abidi/Reuters By Jeffrey

["Gettleman", "\nNEW DELHI \u2014 In Hungary, Viktor Orban demonized immigrants and secured an expansion of his power. In Turkey, Recep Tayyip Erdogan purged his enemies and won a new term. In Australia, Scott Morrison shrugged off calls for tougher carbon-emissions rules and was unexpectedly kept on as leader.", "\nAnd in India, where the world\u2019s biggest parliamentary election appears to be boiling down to a binary choice \u2014 Yes or No on Prime Minister Narendra Modi \u2014 the electorate seems poised to bring back Mr. Modi, extending the wave of victories by right-wing populists around the world.\nIndia\u2019s election finished on Sunday and the results are scheduled to be announced Thursday. The results may reveal not just a decision on Mr. Modi but a deeper one on what kind of government India really wants.", "\n[Read the latest updates on India\u2019s election results.]\nDoes it want a dominating leader who keeps a tight grip on power? Or would it be happier with a messier but more freewheeling coalition government?", "\nAnd do Indians prefer a religiously driven nation or a secular one? Mr. Modi\u2019s political rise began deep in the ranks of a Hindu nationalist organization, and under him, mob violence has surged against India\u2019s minority Muslims. Many Indians are concerned about the legacy Mr. Modi will leave on India\u2019s social fabric should he remain in power for five more years, the parliamentary term.", "\nAround the world, it has become the age of the political big man, and no one disputes that Mr. Modi is the biggest force India has produced in decades.", "\nHe stirs huge crowds. He sets wildly ambitious goals, such as building 100 million toilets in five years, which he essentially reached (though he failed to deliver on his promise to create millions of new jobs). He projects a strong image of India abroad, putting India in position to play a larger role on the world stage as the United States and China vie for influence around the region. He is decisive and acts more like a president than a prime minister.", "\nMr. Modi and President Trump at the ASEAN Summit in Manila, the Philippines, in 2017.CreditDoug Mills/The New York Times\nAt the same time, Mr. Modi, 68, is widely accused of dividing his own people, pitting religious and social communities against each other and cutting out other layers of government in a quest to consolidate power.", "\nMany of Mr. Modi\u2019s supporters see his personalization of power as a good thing. If the exit polls predicting his victory are reliable \u2014 and previous exit polls in India have broadly been \u2014 it seems that he has followed the same winning recipe of other successful populist and right-leaning politicians like Mr. Orban and Mr. Erdogan.", "\n\u201cModi is doing what these other leaders are doing \u2014 he\u2019s projecting resolve, masculinity, determination, daring and courage,\u201d said Ashutosh Varshney, the director of the Center for Contemporary South Asia at Brown University. \u201cPeople who are voting for him are voting for a strong national leader.\u2019\u2019\n\u201cIt\u2019s all coming from the same phenomenon,\u2019\u2019 Mr. Varshney added, \u201ca rise in populism.\u201d", "\nFor years, India was run by fractious, weak governments that got tied up in parliamentary dogfights. Big initiatives failed to take off. India struggled to assert itself internationally. In the eyes of his supporters, Mr. Modi is the surest bet for this country to grasp glory and actually get something done.\nThese days, it\u2019s not unusual to hear Indians describe Modi as \u201cour Trump,\u201d which is said in antipodal ways, either with pride or scorn.", "\n\u201cTrump and Modi are twins separated by continents,\u201d said Chandra Bhan Prasad, a well-known political commentator. \u201cBoth are against knowledge, they consider the past as the golden period, they consider themselves the center of gravity.\u201d\nPolitical analysts say there is no shortage of similarities between the two, including their combative style, their prolific use of Twitter and their talent for stoking nationalism \u2014 and spreading fear \u2014 to firm up their bases.", "\nMr. Modi\u2019s aspirational message to India\u2019s young and fast-growing population is not so different from Mr. Trump\u2019s \u201cMake America Great Again.\u201d", "\nIn Indian politics, there\u2019s no one who can touch Mr. Modi in terms of his forcefulness or his aura. His white bearded face is everywhere and he is a master of the grand gesture. He spent the last moments of the election campaign praying at a Hindu shrine and meditating in a remote Himalayan cave \u2014 in front of a film crew. The video of him sitting against a rock wall, eyes closed in apparent bliss, was beamed around India.", "\nHis party, the Bharatiya Janata Party, or B.J.P., has built the most organized and richest campaign machine. Some Indian media sites estimate that it has raised more than $700 million, a whopping amount that dwarfs the total of all other parties by several times.", "\nAnd he enjoys another advantage: His party has a serious ground game. The B.J.P. is closely connected to a network of Hindu religious groups that have sprung into action this election season and sent vast legions of volunteers across India to knock on doors and target voters, down to individual apartment blocs.", "\nEven among Indians who said they voted for the Congress Party, led by Rahul Gandhi, in recent state elections, several said in interviews that when it came down to choosing a national leader, they wanted Mr. Modi.\n\u201cThe Modi factor seems to be the No. 1 factor in the election,\u2019\u2019 said Josukutty Cheriantharayil Abraham, a political scientist at the University of Kerala.", "\nOne reason is how Mr. Modi makes voters feel. He has insisted on a bigger role for India in the world, and it speaks to the desire of many here for a stronger national image.\n\u201cModi is not shy in taking decisions in the national interest,\u201d said Ajit Kumar, a former Indian ambassador.", "\nIn February, Mr. Modi nearly went to war with Pakistan, which proved to be a huge boost as the election drew near. The next month, he announced with great fanfare that India now had the capability to shoot down satellites hurtling through space, which only a few countries can do.\nOur reporter Jeffrey Gettleman traveled to Kerala to see how Prime Minister Narendra Modi tried to use a controversy at one of India\u2019s holiest shrines to win another five-year term.", "\nVoters across different demographic groups are responding, too.\nOne of them, Rohita Dwivedi, a marketing professor in Mumbai, talked about how she felt that one of India\u2019s biggest problems was an inferiority complex. Citing Mr. Modi\u2019s vision, and his success in delivering on promises to help the poor and fight corruption, she said, \u201cAs an Indian, I am finally proud.\u201d", "\nPoliticians are products of their time. In many different societies, globalization is unsettling people, creating a craving for a return to a simpler and more glorious past. Add to that social media, which enables people to filter out what they don\u2019t want to hear. The result, analysts say, is a new generation of strongmen.\nPart of the their success lies in an ability to speak to voters directly, bypassing the press or other moderating filters that might spotlight problems.", "\nMr. Erdogan, for example, makes several big speeches on a daily basis that are carried by friendly broadcasters straight into homes, sidewalk cafes and offices, making them virtually inescapable. President Trump is known for his late-night tweets. At 60 million followers, he is the world\u2019s most followed elected official in office.\nRight behind him? Mr. Modi, at 47 million followers.", "\nDemocracies are technically built to keep out autocrats. And like the United States, India is equipped with historically independent institutions, such as its Supreme Court and its press.\nBut Mr. Modi is not India\u2019s first leader to push the boundaries. Jawaharlal Nehru, the first prime minister and Rahul Gandhi\u2019s great-grandfather, developed a cult of personality and ruled virtually unchallenged for 17 years.", "\nThen, in the 1970s, his daughter, Indira Gandhi, a prime minister from the Congress Party, declared a state of emergency and jailed political opponents and censored the press.\nAn opposition party that included precursors to today\u2019s B.J.P. won the next elections, in part because of anger over Mrs. Gandhi\u2019s autocratic impulses.\nKai Schultz and Hari Kumar contributed reporting.", "\nA version of this article appears in print on , Section A, Page 1 of the New York edition with the headline: India\u2019s Voters Seem Poised to Reward Modi\u2019s Populist Approach. Order Reprints | Today\u2019s Paper | Subscribe\nModi and B.J.P. Make History in India. Gandhi Concedes.\nWhat It Takes to Pull Off India\u2019s Gargantuan Election\nA Guide to the Drama and Dynamics Behind India\u2019s Historic Elections"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

http://sos.ri.gov/archon/?p=collections/controlcard&id=1898

Location: Home RISA Report of the Board of Comm... Report of the Board of Commissioners ot the Firemen's Relief Fund of the State of Rhode Island | State Archives Catalog Title: Report of the Board of Commissioners ot the Firemen's Relief Fund of the Stat

["e of Rhode Island", "\nExtent: 1.0 Folders More Extent Information 2 volumes Creators Rhode Island Board of Commissioners of the Firemen's Relief Fund Administrative/Biographical History The Board of Commissioners of the Firemen's Relief Fund was created under Chapter 1161 of the General Laws, passed April 13, 1904. Subjects (links to similar collections)\nRhode Island Board of Commissioners of the Firemen's Relief Fund\nNo accruals are anticipated at this time. Restrictions: No special restrictions unless otherwise specified.", "\nAcquisition Note: Transfer Preferred Citation: [Title], [ID number], Rhode Island State Archives."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

http://northcentralcollege.edu/category/majors-minors-and-programs/art?page=7

Home › North Central College presents oil paintings of artist Pamela Hart March 29-May 29 North Central College will showcase paintings by artist Pamela Hart in the exhibit “Through New Eyes” March 29 through May 26. North Central College will showcase pa

["intings by artist Pamela Hart in the exhibit \u201cThrough New Eyes\u201d March 29 through May 26.", "\nThe exhibit is free and open to the public in the College\u2019s Schoenherr Gallery at the Fine Arts Center, 171 E. Chicago Ave. An artist reception will be held from 6 to 8 p.m. Friday, April 5; complimentary refreshments will be served. Michael Reedy '96", "\nMichael Reedy and his mixed media piece titled \u201cBlash\u201d won the People\u2019s Choice Award in the 2013 Au Naturel exhibit. This is the fourth year Reedy has participated in the exhibit, having received recognition for his work in this competition multiple times. His work was selected for a Purchase Award by the Clatsop Community College (CCC) art faculty in the first Au Naturel exhibit in 2007 and chosen for first place in the 2009 exhibit by juror Rick Bartow.\nJoanna Bourque '98", "\nJoanna Bourque was a designer for the DuPage Children\u2019s Museum\u2019s M.A.S.K. Project to celebrate its 25th anniversary. The project supported the museum\u2019s mission to stimulate curiosity, creativity and problem-solving in children. Professional artists designed more than 100 masks autographed by 65 celebrities, and the masks were auctioned off online. Before becoming a teacher, Bourque served as a school programs and exhibits specialist with the DuPage Children\u2019s Museum", "\nShe is an elementary school art teacher at Spring Brook Elementary in Naperville.", "\nTwo students are featured artists in March 13-April 4 exhibit", "\n\u201cAltered Words\u201d includes paintings, ink drawings, mixed media created by North Central College senior Kate Pauley and junior Ariel Hodge. Artwork of two North Central College students is featured in a spring exhibit titled \u201cAltered Words.\u201d \u201cAltered Words\u201d includes paintings, ink drawings, ceramics and mixed media artwork created by senior Kate Pauley and junior Ariel Hodge. The free exhibit runs March 13 through April 4 in the College\u2019s Oesterle Library Gallery, 320 E. School St", "\nAn artist reception will be held from 7 to 9 p.m. Thursday, March 28; complimentary refreshments will be served.", "\nKoenig is editor, contributor of second work on the Holocaust\nWendy Koenig, North Central College associate professor of art, is co-editor of \u201cThe Holocaust and World War II: In History and In Memory,\u201d December 2012. Wendy Koenig, North Central College associate professor of art, is co-editor of \u201cThe Holocaust and World War II: In History and In Memory,\u201d published December 2012 with Cambridge Scholars Publishing. Artwork of two students featured March 6-31 in North Central College exhibit.", "\nArtwork of two North Central College students is featured through March 31 in the exhibit \u201cAdventures in Wonderland.\u201d Artwork of two North Central College students is featured through March 31 in the exhibit \u201cAdventures in Wonderland.\u201d \u201cAdventures in Wonderland\u201d includes ceramics, paintings and mixed-media artwork created by seniors Molly Christine and Angela Block. The exhibit runs March 6 through March 31 in the Meiley-Swallow Hall Gallery, 31 S. Ellsworth St", "\nAn artist reception will be held from 1 to 3 p.m. Saturday, March 30; complimentary refreshments will be served.", "\nStudents from any college may enroll in summer credit courses at North Central College Students attending any college or university can enroll in summer credit courses at North Central College. Students attending any college or university can enroll in summer credit courses at North Central College.", "\nRegistration is underway for a variety of academic courses that most often can be applied toward graduation requirements at a student\u2019s home institution. Details on the various programs and applications can be found online at northcentralcollege.edu/admission or by contacting the Office of Graduate and Continuing Education Admission at 630-637-5840.\nNorth Central College students to present research at NCUR", "\nNational Conferences on Undergraduate Research accepts 32 proposals by 34 students, placing North Central in nation\u2019s top 5 percent for most acceptances. North Central College students will showcase their original research in biology, chemistry, psychology, literature, the arts and other fields at the National Conferences on Undergraduate Research (NCUR) in April.", "\nNCUR has accepted 32 proposals by 34 North Central students for presentation at its annual conference. NCUR promotes research, scholarship and creative activity in all fields of study and accepts only top submissions by undergraduate students.\nSeniors exhibit their artwork in \u201cSelf Reflections\u201d", "\nNorth Central College studio art majors Robyn Mikyska and Hallie Hedinger showcase their sculptural art, sketches, drawings, portraits, two-dimensional media. North Central College senior studio art majors Robyn Mikyska and Hallie Hedinger will showcase their artwork in a monthlong exhibit. North Central\u2019s Lauren Wohlrab \u201914 showcases artwork in commercial gallery", "\nStudio art major Lauren Wohlrab \u201914 is chosen by Paramount Theatre as its featured artist in the annual North Central College Aspiring Artist Student Exhibit. Lauren Wohlrab \u201914, a studio art and interactive media studies/graphic arts double major, was chosen by Paramount Theatre as its featured artist in the annual North Central College Aspiring Artist Student Exhibit. Her works will be on display from Feb. 1 through March 25 in the Grand Gallery at Paramount Theatre, 23 E. Galena Blvd., Aurora.", "\nAn opening reception will be held from 7 to 8:30 p.m. Friday, Feb. 1, at the gallery. Admission is free to the exhibit and reception with a cash bar."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

http://www.doleta.gov/regions/reg05/documents/Alerts/ia021-08.cfm?CFID=58790520&CFTOKEN=61374665&fromsite=yes

SUBJECT: Notice of Proposed Rulemaking - Apprenticeship Programs, Labor Standards for Registration. RIN 1205-AB50 PROGRAMS: Apprenticeship 1. Purpose. To transmit a notice of proposed rulemaking to update the regulations that implement the National Appren

["ticeship Act of 1937. 2. References. Federal Register, Vol. 72, No. 239, December 13, 2007, pp. 71019-71038; National Apprenticeship Act of 1937; 29", "\nUSC 50; 29 CFR 29; 67 FR 64272; Paperwork Reduction Act, 44 USC 3501; Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995, Pub. L. 104-4; Assessment of Federal Regulations and Policies on Families, Pub. L. 105-277 sec 654; 5\nUSC 605 (b); 5\nUSC 601(3)-(5); Executive Order 12866, 13132, 13175 and 12988. 3. Links. This Alert is in the Regional website Resource page at: http://www.doleta.gov/regions/regionalresources/", "\n4. Action. Program administrators are request to share this Information Alert with appropriate staff and other agencies, and are invited to submit comments, identified by Regulatory Information Number (RIN) 1205-AB50, on or before February 11th by one of the following methods:\nMail/ Hand Delivery:\nThomas Dowd, Administrator\nOffice of Policy Development and Research\nUS DOL/Employment and Training Administration\nRoom N-5641", "\n5. Contact. Questions and comments about this notice may be directed to Sherril Hurd on 202.693.3700. Questions or comments about the format of this Alert may be directed to Robert Rainault on 312.596.5416.\n6. Expiration Date. February 11, 2008\n7. Attachment. Federal Register, Vol. 72, No. 239, December 13, 2007, pp. 71019-71038. Top of Page"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

http://www.doa.louisiana.gov/osr/other/mjf97-13.htm

EXECUTIVE ORDER MJF 97-13 School Based Health Clinic Task Force WHEREAS: Executive Order MJF 96-74, signed on December 16, 1996, created and established within the Executive Department, Office of the Governor, the School Based Health Clinic Task Force (he

["reafter \"Task Force\"),\nand ordered it to submit two reports to the governor by specified dates; and WHEREAS: it is necessary to change the dates on which the Task Force shall submit its reports to the governor", "\non the progress and/or fulfillment of its primary and secondary objectives and duties;\nNOW THEREFORE I, M.J. \"MIKE\" FOSTER, JR., Governor of the State of Louisiana, by virtue of the authority\nvested by the Constitution and laws of the State of Louisiana, do hereby order and direct as follows:\nSECTION 1: Section 4 of Executive Order MJF 96-74, is amended to provide as follows:\nThe Task Force shall prepare and submit a report to the governor on the progress and/or fulfillment of", "\nits primary objectives and duties, no later than May 15, 1997, and on the progress and/or fulfillment of\nits secondary objectives and duties, no later than June 30, 1997.\nSECTION 2: All other Sections and Subsections of Executive Order MJF 96-74 shall remain in full force and\nSECTION 3: The provisions of this Order are effective upon signature and shall remain in effect until amended, modified, terminated, or rescinded by the governor, or terminated by operation of law.", "\nIN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have set my hand officially and caused to be affixed the Great Seal of the State of\nLouisiana, at the Capitol, in the City of Baton Rouge, on this 25th day of February, 1997.\nATTEST BY"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.timesonline.com/story/opinion/columns/2019/06/19/o-j-showed-white-americans/4878675007/

O.J. showed white Americans just how conditional their comfort with black athletes was

["O.J. showed white Americans just how conditional their comfort with black athletes was\nO.J. showed white Americans just how conditional their comfort with black athletes was 25 years ago\nPhillip Lamarr Cunningham, Special To The Washington Post\nO.J. Simpson is back in the news, joining Twitter and promising in a video that he had \"a little getting even to do,\" 25 years to the week of his most infamous moment. But he's far from the household name he was on the night of June 17, 1994.", "O.J. showed white Americans just how conditional their comfort with black athletes was\nThat night, an epic battle between two of the best centers in National Basketball Association history - Hakeem Olajuwon and Patrick Ewing \u2014 was interrupted when NBC shifted to live footage of retired football great O.J. Simpson fleeing the Los Angeles police in a white Ford Bronco driven by his friend Al Cowlings", "O.J. showed white Americans just how conditional their comfort with black athletes was\nOnly about 8 million viewers watched NBC's coverage of the game, but about 95 million tuned in across networks to see whether a distraught Simpson would surrender, clash with the police or kill himself.", "O.J. showed white Americans just how conditional their comfort with black athletes was\nThe car chase, coming in the middle of the fifth game of the NBA Finals, cast a brief pall on what had been a watershed moment for black athletes. To suggest that Simpson overshadowed a decade's worth of goodwill toward black athletes would be an overstatement. But Simpson, arguably a major source of this goodwill, certainly made clear the conditions white Americans put on their goodwill, even as the nation's greatest black athletes continued to thrill and amaze.", "O.J. showed white Americans just how conditional their comfort with black athletes was\nAfter years of being criticized for their politics and demeanor, black athletes spent the 1980s gaining recognition primarily for their ability and affability. In 1964, heavyweight champion Cassius Clay, months removed from defeating Sonny Liston for the title, boldly renamed himself Muhammad Ali", "O.J. showed white Americans just how conditional their comfort with black athletes was\nThree years later, Ali would hold a summit with several of the nation's most prominent black athletes \u2014 Boston Celtics legend Bill Russell, retired NFL great and burgeoning actor Jim Brown, and UCLA's star center Lew Alcindor among them \u2014 to garner support for his conscientious objection to the Vietnam War.", "O.J. showed white Americans just how conditional their comfort with black athletes was\nThe meeting would serve as the first public instance in which the nation's most prominent black athletes rallied for a common cause.", "O.J. showed white Americans just how conditional their comfort with black athletes was\nThe conscientious objector summit would do little to endear Ali to a public that viewed him as a braggart and draft dodger. But it spurred others to action. In 1968, Alcindor, who had converted to Islam at UCLA and later would adopt the name Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, refused to play in the Olympics. His compatriots Tommie Smith and John Carlos did compete, and defiantly raised black-gloved fists after placing first and third in the 200-meter race.", "O.J. showed white Americans just how conditional their comfort with black athletes was\nAbsent from these moments was Simpson, who had distanced himself from black athletic activism. When asked by Harry Edwards, a sociologist and one of the leading organizers of the black athletic revolt, to join in the effort, Simpson allegedly replied, \"I'm not black, I'm O.J.\"", "O.J. showed white Americans just how conditional their comfort with black athletes was\nSimpson's response emerged from someone on the cusp of unprecedented sporting achievement and commercial power. The nation's best college running back, Simpson was exceedingly popular, so much so that he began appearing in television and film between his senior year at the University of Southern California and his rookie year with the Buffalo Bills. As his football career flourished, so did his celebrity, leading to more acting roles and sponsorships", "O.J. showed white Americans just how conditional their comfort with black athletes was\nIn 1975, People magazine declared Simpson \"the first black athlete to become a bona fide lovable media superstar.\" In doing so, the magazine drew a sharp contrast with activists from the earlier era, disparaging Ali as a \"clownish threat\" and Brown as \"Menace incarnate,\" and noting that baseball Hall of Famers Willie Mays and Hank Aaron \"lacked the wit or personality to scale the media heights.\" In short, Simpson's aversion to politics and ingratiation with white media allowed him to enter fully into a world that kept other black athletes on the periphery.", "O.J. showed white Americans just how conditional their comfort with black athletes was\nSimpson's rousing success was an anomaly: His rising status did not lift up other black athletes in the 1970s and early 1980s. During that era, increased participation in the various leagues provided black athletes with greater visibility and a measure of acceptance. Yet other issues centered on black athletes \u2014 labor clashes in the MLB and drug abuse among NBA players, for example \u2014 marred their image", "O.J. showed white Americans just how conditional their comfort with black athletes was\nIn the 1960s, the general perception of black athletes had been that they were too political; in the 1970s, it was that they were too selfish and flamboyant.", "O.J. showed white Americans just how conditional their comfort with black athletes was\nThe 1980s, though, would prove to be a boon for black athletes willing to cultivate goodwill among white audiences. This growth was spurred by Michael Jordan, named ESPN's Athlete of the Century and arguably the most transcendent athlete of the modern era. He, and others of his ilk, such as Bo Jackson and Deion Sanders, became media darlings and wealthy spokesmen for Nike, Gatorade and a host of other brands", "O.J. showed white Americans just how conditional their comfort with black athletes was\nAs the NBA fought to salvage its tarnished reputation, it positioned Jordan as a hard-working, naturally gifted and family-oriented athlete, while Nike and his other sponsors presented him as a man actually capable of flying.", "O.J. showed white Americans just how conditional their comfort with black athletes was\nLike Simpson before them, Jordan and other popular athletes of that era recognized that the path to greater earnings and fame involved being apolitical. Jordan, for example, notably resisted calls to endorse former Charlotte Mayor Harvey Gantt's campaign to unseat Sen. Jesse Helms, R-N.C., an outspoken opponent of civil rights. It's not clear whether Jordan really said \"Republicans wear sneakers, too\" as a rationale for not supporting Gantt", "O.J. showed white Americans just how conditional their comfort with black athletes was\nSimpson, the archetype for Jordan, was still relatively successful in the months before the Bronco chase. In January 1994, he served as a pregame analyst on NBC's Super Bowl broadcast, garnering praise from sports media for his interview with Dallas Cowboys defensive tackle Leon Lett", "O.J. showed white Americans just how conditional their comfort with black athletes was\nHe appeared in his recurring role as Officer Nordberg in the police procedural parody \"Naked Gun 33 1/3: The Final Insult,\" which was released that March, and he starred in a pilot episode for the military action series \"Frogmen.\" He even partnered with singer Gloria Estefan and others to raise $30 million for spinal cord research at a Miami fundraiser.", "O.J. showed white Americans just how conditional their comfort with black athletes was\nThe Bronco chase forced Americans not only to wrestle with the increasing likelihood of Simpson's guilt but also to recognize that perhaps he was not who they thought he was. He was not the smiling pitchman running through airports or the frequent victim of comedic violence in \"Naked Gun.\" He was O.J., and he was black \u2014 or at least that was the message Time magazine sent when it darkened his post-chase mug shot on the cover of its June 27, 1994, edition.", "O.J. showed white Americans just how conditional their comfort with black athletes was\nOver the years, the Bronco chase has been viewed as a galvanizing moment, as a third of the country tuned in to watch the tragedy unfold. That night, NBC concluded that O.J. Simpson's fall from grace was important enough to disrupt an epic battle between two of the greatest NBA players of all time.", "O.J. showed white Americans just how conditional their comfort with black athletes was\nThe chase not only disrupted the NBA Finals \u2014 it also unsettled the comfort white Americans had developed for black athletes. For years, black athletes, and Simpson in particular, were held up as signs of the progress made toward bridging America's racial divide. That night, however, he served as a stark reminder of how conditional that comfort was.", "O.J. showed white Americans just how conditional their comfort with black athletes was\nAlthough Simpson's Twitter video catapulted him back into the news this weekend and probably will turn him into fodder for late-night talk shows, it is unlikely to be resonant. His moment in the spotlight \u2014 both as a personality and pariah \u2014 has passed", "O.J. showed white Americans just how conditional their comfort with black athletes was\nThe means by which Simpson won over America are antiquated, especially in an era in which black athletes such as Colin Kaepernick and LeBron James not only have embraced social justice but also have convinced their leagues and sponsors to do so as well (to an extent). Twenty-five years ago, Simpson held enough cultural cachet that his travails drew the attention of millions; today, he is a novelty act."]

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https://www.faena.com/aleph/the-amazing-mundus-subterraneus-by-athanasius-kircher

The Amazing Mundus Subterraneus, By Athanasius Kircher

["The Amazing Mundus Subterraneus, By Athanasius Kircher\nThe Amazing Mundus Subterraneus, By Athanasius Kircher\nInspired by an adventure into the crater in Mount Vesuvius, \u201cthe last renaissance man and the master of one hundred art forms\u201d wrote one of the most fascinating books about the interior sinews of our planet.", "The Amazing Mundus Subterraneus, By Athanasius Kircher\nAthanasius Kircher is one man to know. He was an erudite and the explorer of an entire gamut of academic disciplines. In short, he was one of the sharpest minds of the 17th century (and of all times) who saw in the interior of the earth a sort of alchemical dance between the elements", "The Amazing Mundus Subterraneus, By Athanasius Kircher\nHis masterwork, Mundus Subterraneus, is a spectacular work about the entrails of our planet: a two-volume book of encyclopedic proportions that presents \u201cbefore the eyes of the curious reader all that is rare, exotic, and portentous, contained in the fecund womb of Nature.\u201d", "The Amazing Mundus Subterraneus, By Athanasius Kircher\nUnder the premise that there is an \u201cidea of the earthly sphere that exists in the divine mind,\u201d Kircher set himself to write this memorable book. Mundus Subterraneus is made up of discussions on the spontaneous generation of animals that sprouted from inert objects, of lists of the immoral sources from which alchemists attempted to transform basic metals into gold, and even of the location of the legendary lost island of Atlantis (something that science hasn\u2019t been able to tell)", "The Amazing Mundus Subterraneus, By Athanasius Kircher\nIn addition, the book includes detailed discussions about giants and other animals that live in the underground, including, of course, dragons. But amidst all of the subjects he delved on, his theory on the interior of the Earth is what has most captured the attention of scientists and curious laymen for centuries.", "The Amazing Mundus Subterraneus, By Athanasius Kircher\nAs Kircher himself explains: \u201cthe whole Earth is not solid but everywhere gaping, and hollowed with empty rooms and spaces, and hidden burrows.\u201d According to him, the interior of the Earth contains what we could call oceans or lakes of fire interconnected by corridors leading to its very nucleus", "The Amazing Mundus Subterraneus, By Athanasius Kircher\nHe thought then (and now it is confirmed by science) that volcanoes were Earth\u2019s escape valves of pressure, which proves that the planet is indeed full of invisible, underground fires, and that earthquakes are nothing but signs of the internal combustion of the planet.", "The Amazing Mundus Subterraneus, By Athanasius Kircher\n\u201cThe fire and water sweetly conspire together in mutual service,\u201d he said. Thus, hot springs and geysers are produced when the subterranean canals of water and fire interact, pushing the water up through the surface. Sparked by this theory we have one of the most beautiful drawings of the book, in which Kircher sketches the hidden details of its interior cracks and caves, the perfect alchemical system to gestate life.", "The Amazing Mundus Subterraneus, By Athanasius Kircher\nBut Kircher didn\u2019t come up with his ideas by pure speculation; in 1638 he experienced the earth\u2019s internal power first hand on a trip to Sicily to study the volcanoes and caves of the area\u2013\u2013he was interrupted by an earthquake that devastated most of the Calabria region. He remembers that the event took place while he was on a boat off the coast of the city: \u201cthe sea was raging beyond what is usual, and began stirring up huge whirlpools.\u201d Able to reach shore safely, he then decided to explore Mt", "The Amazing Mundus Subterraneus, By Athanasius Kircher\nVesuvius in order to explain the secrets of the tectonic movements of the Earth. Vesuvius was still smoking after the large explosion six years earlier. At the top of the volcano, Kircher looked down into the crater and, as he later wrote: \u201cI thought I beheld the habitation of Hell, wherein there seemed to be nothing besides the horrid phantasms and apparitions of Devils.\u201d He heard \u201chorrible bellowings and roarings\u201d and there was \u201can inexpressible stink.\u201d", "The Amazing Mundus Subterraneus, By Athanasius Kircher\nTo take refuge from the \u201cinferno,\u201d Kircher took refuge in an ash-filled cave where he found a tunnel that he believed would have led him to the very entrails of the earth.", "The Amazing Mundus Subterraneus, By Athanasius Kircher\nIt was inside this hollow where Kircher began to develop his theories that years later he would include in his Mundus Subterraneus, sketching out the alchemical processes occurring inside the planet and describing how mountains, rivers and oceans are all secretly interconnected. It was a moment of history that opened up a pathway for future scientists to imagine and study the secrets of our planet", "The Amazing Mundus Subterraneus, By Athanasius Kircher\nTo travel to the center of the Earth, as the dreamer and polymath Jules Verne imagined, is just one example of the legacy of Kircher\u2019s magnificent Mundus Subterraneus."]

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