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Here, you drive me away today from the face of the ground, and from your face I must conceal myself, I must be wavering and wandering on earth— now it will be: whoever comes upon me will kill me!
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Y HWH said to him: No, therefore, whoever kills Kayin, sevenfold will it be avenged! So Y HWH set a sign * a sign: The exact appearance of the sign is not specified. It is a warning and a protection, not the punishment itself (which is exile). for Kayin, so that whoever came upon him would not strike him down.
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Kayin went out from the face of Y HWH and settled in the land of Nod/Wandering, east of Eden.
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Kayin knew his wife; she became pregnant and bore Hanokh. Now he * Now he: "He" refers to Kayin. became the builder of a city and called the city's name according to his son's name, Hanokh.
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To Hanokh was born Irad; Irad begot Mehuyael, Mehuyael begot * Mehuyael begot: Heb. Mehiyael . Metushael, Metushael begot Lemekh.
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Lemekh took himself two wives: the name of the [first] one was Ada, the name of the second was Tzilla. * Ada … Tzilla: The names suggest "dawn" and "dusk" (Gaster).
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Ada bore Yaval—; he was the father * father: Ancestor or founder. of those who sit amid tent and herd.
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His brother's name was Yuval—; he was the father of all those who play the lyre and the pipe.
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And Tzilla bore as well—Tuval-Kayin, burnisher * burnisher…: Or "craftsman of every cutting-edge of copper and iron." of every blade of bronze and iron. Tuval-Kayin's sister was Naama.
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Lemekh said to his wives: Ada and Tzilla, hearken to my voice, wives of Lemekh, give ear to my saying: Aye—a man I kill for wounding me, a lad for [only] bruising me!
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Aye—if sevenfold vengeance be for Kayin, then for Lemekh, seventy-sevenfold!
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Adam knew his wife again, and she bore a son. She called his name: Shet/Granted-One, meaning: God has granted me another seed in place of Hevel, for Kayin killed him.
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To Shet as well a son was born; he called his name: Enosh/Mortal. At that time they first called out the name of Y HWH . * called out the name of Y HWH I.e., worshiped God.
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This is the record of the begettings of Adam/Humankind. At the time * At the time …: The language is reminiscent of the earlier poem in 1:27. In this case, however, the Hebrew creates a rhyming effect. The cola of the poem here end thus: bera'am / otam / shemam: Adam / hibare'am . Such a rhyming scheme is rare in biblical Hebrew, and usually endows a passage with particular significance (see also, for instance, II Sam. 12:11). of God's creating humankind, in the likeness of God did he [then] make it,
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male and female he created them and gave blessing to them and called their name: Humankind on the day of their being created.
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Adam lived thirty and a hundred years, and then he begot one in his likeness, according to his image, and called his name Shet.
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And Adam's days after he begot Shet were eight hundred years, and he begot sons and daughters.
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Now all the days that Adam lived were nine hundred years and thirty years; then he died.
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Shet lived five years and a hundred years, and then he begot Enosh.
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And Shet lived after he begot Enosh seven years and eight hundred years, and he begot sons and daughters.
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Now all the days of Shet were twelve years and nine hundred years; then he died.
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Enosh lived ninety years, and then he begot Kenan.
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And Enosh lived after he begot Kenan fifteen years and eight hundred years, and he begot sons and daughters.
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Now all the days of Enosh were five years and nine hundred years; then he died.
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Kenan lived seventy years, and then he begot Mehalalel.
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And Kenan lived after he begot Mehalalel forty years and eight hundred years, and he begot sons and daughters.
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Now all the days of Kenan were ten years and nine hundred years; then he died.
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Mehalalel lived five years and sixty years, and then he begot Yered.
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And Mehalalel lived after he begot Yered thirty years and eight hundred years, and he begot sons and daughters.
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Now all the days of Mehalalel were ninety-five years and eight hundred years; then he died.
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Yered lived sixty-two years and a hundred years, and then he begot Hanokh. * Hanokh: Trad. English "Enoch."
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And Yered lived after he begot Hanokh eight hundred years, and he begot sons and daughters.
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Now all the days of Yered were sixty-two years and nine hundred years; then he died.
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Hanokh lived sixty-five years, and then he begot Metushelah.
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And Hanokh walked in accord with God after he begot Metushelah three hundred years, * and Hanokh walked in accord with God … three hundred years: The variation from the rigid formulations of this chapter draws attention to this key figure, the first pious man (similarly with Noah, 5:29). "Walked in accord with God" means walked in God's ways, led a righteous life. and he begot sons and daughters.
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Now all the days of Hanokh were sixty-five years and three hundred years.
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Hanokh walked in accord with God, and then he was no more, * then he was no more: He died. Later interpreters found the phrase ambiguous, and fantastic postbiblical legends arose concerning Hanokh (see Ginzberg). for God had taken him.
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Metushelah lived eighty-seven years and a hundred years, and then he begot Lemekh.
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And Metushelah lived after he begot Lemekh eighty-two years and seven hundred years, and he begot sons and daughters.
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And all the days of Metushelah were sixty-nine years and nine hundred years; then he died.
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Lemekh lived eighty-two years and a hundred years, and then he begot a son.
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He called his name: Noah, saying: Zeh yenahamenu /May this-one comfort-our-sorrow from our toil, from the pains of our hands coming from the ground, which Y HWH has cursed.
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And Lemekh lived after he begot Noah ninety-five years and five hundred years, and he begot sons and daughters.
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Now all the days of Lemekh were seventy-seven years and seven hundred years; * seventy-seven years and seven hundred years: As in 4:24, a man named Lemekh is linked to multiples of seven. then he died.
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Noah was five hundred years old, and then Noah begot Shem, Ham, and Yefet.
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Now it was when humans first became many on the face of the ground and women were born to them,
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that the divine beings * divine beings: Or "godlings." saw how fair the human women were, so they took themselves wives, whomever they chose.
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Y HWH said: My rushing-spirit shall not remain in humankind for ages, for they too are flesh; * for they too are flesh: Hebrew difficult. The text uses the singular, let their days be then a hundred and twenty years! * a hundred and twenty years: Some early interpreters take this to specify a "grace period" for humanity before the Flood. The text seems to be setting the limits of the human life span.
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The giants were on earth in those days, and afterward as well, when the divine beings came in to * came in to: The common biblical term for sexual intercourse. The concept, also expressed in Arabic, is of the man entering the woman's tent for the purposes of sex. the human women and they bore them [children]— they were the mighty-ones who were of ages [past], the men of name.
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Y HWH saw that great was humankind's evildoing * And Y HWH saw … evildoing: In contrast to the refrain of Chapter 1, "God saw that it was good." on earth and every form of their heart's planning * every form of their heart's planning: This lengthy phrase indicates human imagination (Speiser: "every scheme that his mind devised"). "Heart" (Heb. lev or levav ) often expresses the concept of "mind" in the Bible. was only evil all the day.
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Then Y HWH was sorry that he had made humankind on earth, and it pained his heart.
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Y HWH said: I will blot out humankind, whom I created, from the face of the earth, from man to beast, * man to beast: Or "human to animal." to crawling thing and to the birds of the heavens, for I am sorry that I made them.
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But Noah found favor in the eyes of Y HWH .
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These are the begettings of Noah. Noah was a righteous, * righteous: A term with legal connotations; "in the right'' or "just." wholehearted * righteous, wholehearted: Foreshadowing Avraham, of whom similar vocabulary will be used (17:1). "Whole" (below "wholly-sound") is used of animals fit for sacrifice. Others, "perfect" or "unblemished." man in his generation; in accord with God did Noah walk.
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And Noah begot three sons: Shem, Ham, and Yefet.
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Now the earth had gone to ruin before God, * before God: In his sight. the earth was filled with wrongdoing.
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God saw the earth, and here, it had gone * God saw the earth, and here: it had gone-to-ruin: A bitter echo of 1:31, "Now God saw all that he had made,/ and here: it was exceedingly good!" to ruin, for all flesh had ruined its way upon the earth.
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God said to Noah: An end of all flesh has come before me, * has come before me: Has been determined by me. for the earth is filled with wrongdoing through them; here, I am about to bring ruin upon them, along with the earth.
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Make yourself an ark * Ark: English as well as Hebrew etymology points to a box or chest, not strictly a boat. God, not human engineering, is the source of survival in the story. of gofer * gofer: Identification unknown, wood; of reeds * reeds: Reading Heb. kanim for traditional text's kinnim ("compartments"). make the ark, and cover it within and without with a covering-of-pitch.
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And this is how you are to make it: three hundred cubits * cubits: A cubit equaled a man's forearm in length, about 17½ inches. the length of the ark, fifty cubits its breadth, and thirty cubits its height.
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A skylight * skylight: Hebrew obscure, including the end of the phrase. you are to make for the ark, and finish it to a cubit upward. The entrance of the ark you are to set in its side; with a lower, a second, and a third deck you are to make it.
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As for me, here, I am about to bring on the Deluge, * Deluge: Heb. mabbul . Others suggest the more conventional word "Flood," but the term may be an Assyrian loan-word. water upon the earth, to bring ruin upon all flesh that has rush of life in it, from under the heavens; all that is on earth will expire.
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But I will establish my covenant * covenant: An agreement or pact, most notably (in the Bible) one between God and individuals or between him and the people of Israel. with you: you are to come into the ark, you and your sons and your wife and your sons' wives with you,
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and from all living things, from all flesh, you are to bring two from all into the ark, to remain alive with you. They are to be a male and a female [each],
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from birds after their kind, from herd-animals after their kind, from all crawling things of the ground after their kind, two from all are to come to you, to remain alive.
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As for you, take for yourself from all edible-things that are eaten and gather it to you; it shall be for you and for them, for eating.
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Noah did it, exactly as God commanded him, so he did.
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Y HWH said to Noah: Come, you and all your household, into the ark! For you I have seen as righteous before me in this generation.
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From all [ritually] pure * (ritually) pure: An anachronism, referring to later Israelite laws about sacrifice and eating, animals you are to take seven and seven [each], * seven and seven each: The contradiction between this and 6:19 has led scholars to posit two different sources for the story, a male * male: Lit. "a man." and his mate, and from all the animals that are not pure, two [each], a male and his mate,
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and also from the birds of the heavens, seven and seven [each], male and female, to keep seed alive upon the face of all the earth.
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For in yet seven days * in yet seven days: Seven days from now. I will make it rain upon the earth for forty * forty: Used in the Bible to denote long periods of time; also a favorite patterned number. days and forty nights and will blot out all existing-things that I have made, from the face of the earth.
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Noah did it, exactly as Y HWH had commanded him.
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Now Noah was six hundred years old when the Deluge occurred, water upon the earth;
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and Noah came, his sons and his wife and his sons' wives with him, into the ark before the waters of the Deluge.
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From the pure animals and from the animals that are not pure and from the birds and all that crawls about on the ground—
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two and two [each] came to Noah, into the ark, male and female, as God had commanded Noah.
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After the seven days it was that the waters of the Deluge were upon the earth.
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In the six hundredth year of Noah's life, in the second month, on the seventeenth day of the month, on that day: then burst * then burst …: Cassuto (1972) suggests that the poetic verses here and elsewhere in the Flood story are fragments of an Israelite epic. See also 9:11, 15. all the wellsprings of the great Ocean * well-springs … sluices: The normal sources of rain function here without any restraint (Cassuto). and the sluices * Ocean: The world returns to the primeval chaos of 1:2. of the heavens opened up.
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The torrent was upon the earth for forty days and forty nights.
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On that very day came Noah, and Shem, Ham, and Yefet, Noah's sons, and Noah's wife and his three sons' wives with them, into the ark,
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they and all wildlife after their kind, all herd-animals after their kind, all crawling things that crawl on the earth after their kind, all birds after their kind: all chirping-things, all winged-things;
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they came to Noah, into the ark, two and two [each] from all flesh in which there is the rush of life.
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And those that came, male and female from all flesh they came, as God had commanded him. YHWH * Y HWH closed: Another sign of God's control over the events (and of his protection of Noah). closed [the door] upon him.
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Now the Deluge was forty days upon the earth. The waters increased and lifted the ark, so that it was raised above the earth;
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the waters swelled * swelled: Lit. "grew mighty." and increased exceedingly upon the earth, so that the ark floated * floated: Lit. "went." upon the face of the waters.
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When the waters had swelled exceedingly, yes, exceedingly over the earth, all high mountains that were under all the heavens were covered.
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Fifteen cubits upward swelled the waters; thus the mountains were covered.
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Then expired all flesh that crawls about upon the earth—birds, herd-animals, wildlife, and all swarming things that swarm on the earth, and all humans;
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all that had the breath of the rush of life in their nostrils, all that were on firm-ground, * firm-ground: Heb. harava , lit. "dry-land." Hebrew has two words for "dry" ( harev and yavesh ), while English uses only one. died.
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He blotted out * blotted out: Twice repeated, echoing God's promise in 6:7. all existing-things that were on the face of the ground, from man to beast, to crawling thing and to birds of the heavens; they were blotted out from the earth. Noah alone remained, and those who were with him in the ark.
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The waters swelled upon the earth for a hundred and fifty days.
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But God paid mind * paid mind: More than merely "remembered." to Noah and all living-things, all the animals that were with him in the ark, and God brought a rushing-wind * rushing-wind: Reminiscent of the "rushing-spirit of God" at creation. across the earth, so that the waters abated.
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The wellsprings of Ocean and the sluices of the heavens were dammed up, and the torrent from the heavens was held back.
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The waters returned from upon the earth, advancing and returning, and the waters diminished at the end of a hundred and fifty days.
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The ark came to rest in the seventh month, on the seventeenth day of the month, upon the mountains of Ararat.
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Now the waters advanced and diminished until the tenth month. In the tenth, on the first day of the month, the tops of the mountains could be seen.
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It was at the end of forty days: Noah opened the window of the ark that he had made,
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and sent out * sent out: Or "released." a raven; it went off, going off and returning, until the waters were dried up from upon the earth.
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Then he sent out a dove * dove: This bird is portrayed in the Bible as beautiful (even pure) and delicate. From this passage, of course, stems the popular use of the dove as the symbol of peace. from him, to see whether the waters had subsided from the face of the ground.
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But the dove found no resting-place for the sole of her foot, so she returned to him into the ark, for there was water upon the face of all the earth. He sent forth his hand and took her, and brought her to him into the ark.
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