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Context: Jesuit missionary Eusebio Francisco Kino visited the Santa Cruz River valley in 1692, and founded the Mission San Xavier del Bac in 1700 about 7 mi (11 km) upstream from the site of the settlement of Tucson. A separate Convento settlement was founded downstream along the Santa Cruz River, near the base of what is now "A" mountain. Hugo O'Conor, the founding father of the city of Tucson, Arizona authorized the construction of a military fort in that location, Presidio San Agustín del Tucsón, on August 20, 1775 (near the present downtown Pima County Courthouse). During the Spanish period of the presidio, attacks such as the Second Battle of Tucson were repeatedly mounted by Apaches. Eventually the town came to be called "Tucson" and became a part of Sonora after Mexico gained independence from Spain in 1821.
Question: Who is considered the founding father of Tuscan?
Answer: Hugo O'Conor
Question: What year did Mexico gain independence from Spain?
Answer: 1821
Question: Who founded the Mission San Xavier del Bac?
Answer: Eusebio Francisco Kino
Question: How many miles was Mission San Xavier del Bac from Tuscon?
Answer: 7
Question: Which missionary came to the Santa Cruz River area in 1692?
Answer: Eusebio Francisco Kino
Question: What religion was Kino?
Answer: Jesuit
Question: What mission did Kino found?
Answer: Mission San Xavier del Bac
Question: When did Kino found the del Bac mission?
Answer: 1700
Question: Who is Tucson's 'founding father'?
Answer: Hugo O'Conor |
Context: IBM has 12 research laboratories worldwide, bundled into IBM Research. As of 2013[update] the company held the record for most patents generated by a business for 22 consecutive years. Its employees have garnered five Nobel Prizes, six Turing Awards, ten National Medals of Technology and five National Medals of Science. Notable company inventions or developments include the automated teller machine (ATM), the floppy disk, the hard disk drive, the magnetic stripe card, the relational database, the Universal Product Code (UPC), the financial swap, the Fortran programming language, SABRE airline reservation system, dynamic random-access memory (DRAM), copper wiring in semiconductors, the silicon-on-insulator (SOI) semiconductor manufacturing process, and Watson artificial intelligence.
Question: Under what name do research laboratories operated by IBM work under?
Answer: IBM Research
Question: How many research labs does IBM have world wide?
Answer: 12 research laboratories worldwide
Question: In 2013 how many years had IBM generated the most patents by a business?
Answer: 22 consecutive years
Question: How many Nobel Prizes have been won by IBM employees?
Answer: five Nobel Prizes
Question: This IBM invention is known by the acronym UPC, what is the full name?
Answer: Universal Product Code
Question: How many labs work for the Watson company?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How long has Watson held the record for holding the most patents by a business?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many Nobel Prizes has Watson been awarded?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is one invention made by the Watson company that is used by people everyday?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What code was developed by Watson that's used in grocery stores?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: In the Early Middle Ages, from the end of the 4th century, the western extent of modern-day Switzerland was part of the territory of the Kings of the Burgundians. The Alemanni settled the Swiss plateau in the 5th century and the valleys of the Alps in the 8th century, forming Alemannia. Modern-day Switzerland was therefore then divided between the kingdoms of Alemannia and Burgundy. The entire region became part of the expanding Frankish Empire in the 6th century, following Clovis I's victory over the Alemanni at Tolbiac in 504 AD, and later Frankish domination of the Burgundians.
Question: From the end of the 4th century, what territory was the western extent of modern-day Switzerland part of?
Answer: the Kings of the Burgundians
Question: Where did the Alemanni settle in the 5th century?
Answer: the Swiss plateau
Question: Where did the Alemanni settle in the 8th century, forming Alemannia?
Answer: valleys of the Alps
Question: In the 8th century, what two kingdoms made up Modern-day Switzerland?
Answer: Alemannia and Burgundy
Question: What Empire did the entire region of Modern-day Switzerland become part of in the 6th century?
Answer: Frankish Empire |
Context: PlayStation 3's initial production cost is estimated by iSuppli to have been US$805.85 for the 20 GB model and US$840.35 for the 60 GB model. However, they were priced at US$499 and US$599 respectively, meaning that units may have been sold at an estimated loss of $306 or $241 depending on model, if the cost estimates were correct, and thus may have contributed to Sony's games division posting an operating loss of ¥232.3 billion (US$1.97 billion) in the fiscal year ending March 2007. In April 2007, soon after these results were published, Ken Kutaragi, President of Sony Computer Entertainment, announced plans to retire. Various news agencies, including The Times and The Wall Street Journal reported that this was due to poor sales, while SCEI maintains that Kutaragi had been planning his retirement for six months prior to the announcement.
Question: How much did it cost to make one 20 GB PS3?
Answer: US$805.85
Question: In contrast to the production cost, what was the retail price for a 20 GB PlayStation 3?
Answer: US$499
Question: Assuming iSuppli got the numbers right, how much of a loss did Sony take for every 20 GB PS3 sold in the U.S.?
Answer: $306
Question: What was the name of Sony's President who announced his retirement amid rumors in April 2007?
Answer: Ken Kutaragi
Question: In U.S. dollars, how much was the enormous loss Sony reported the month before Kutaragi's retirement announcement?
Answer: US$1.97 billion
Question: How much did it cost to make one 40 GB PS3?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In contrast to the production cost, what was the retail price for a 20 GB PlayStation 2?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Assuming iSuppli got the numbers right, how much of a loss did Sony take for every 20 GB PS3 sold in the U.K.?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was the name of Sony's President who announced his retirement amid rumors in April 2017?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In U.S. dollars, how much was the enormous profit Sony reported the month before Kutaragi's retirement announcement?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Beginning in April 1985, Madonna embarked on her first concert tour in North America, The Virgin Tour, with the Beastie Boys as her opening act. She progressed from playing CBGB and the Mudd Club to playing large sporting arenas. At that time she released two more hit singles from the album, "Angel" and "Dress You Up". In July, Penthouse and Playboy magazines published a number of nude photos of Madonna, taken in New York in 1978. She had posed for the photographs as she needed money at the time, and was paid as little as $25 a session. The publication of the photos caused a media uproar, but Madonna remained "unapologetic and defiant". The photographs were ultimately sold for up to $100,000. She referred to these events at the 1985 outdoor Live Aid charity concert, saying that she would not take her jacket off because "[the media] might hold it against me ten years from now."
Question: When was Madonna's first concert tour in North America?
Answer: Beginning in April 1985
Question: Who were the opening act for Madonna's concert The Virgin tour?
Answer: Beastie Boys
Question: When did Madonna have nude photos taken of her in New York?
Answer: 1978
Question: How much was Madonna's nude photos were finally sold for?
Answer: up to $100,000
Question: When was the Live Aid Charity Concert held?
Answer: 1985 |
Context: A dense wave of smog began in the Central and Eastern part of China on 2 December 2013 across a distance of around 1,200 kilometres (750 mi), including Tianjin, Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu, Anhui, Shanghai and Zhejiang. A lack of cold air flow, combined with slow-moving air masses carrying industrial emissions, collected airborne pollutants to form a thick layer of smog over the region. The heavy smog heavily polluted central and southern Jiangsu Province, especially in and around Nanjing, with its AQI pollution Index at "severely polluted" for five straight days and "heavily polluted" for nine. On 3 December 2013, levels of PM2.5 particulate matter average over 943 micrograms per cubic metre, falling to over 338 micrograms per cubic metre on 4 December 2013. Between 3:00 pm, 3 December and 2:00pm, 4 December local time, several expressways from Nanjing to other Jiangsu cities were closed, stranding dozens of passenger buses in Zhongyangmen bus station. From 5 to 6 December, Nanjing issued a red alert for air pollution and closed down all kindergarten through middle schools. Children's Hospital outpatient services increased by 33 percent; general incidence of bronchitis, pneumonia, upper respiratory tract infections significantly increased. The smog dissipated 12 December. Officials blamed the dense pollution on lack of wind, automobile exhaust emissions under low air pressure, and coal-powered district heating system in North China region. Prevailing winds blew low-hanging air masses of factory emissions (mostly SO2) towards China's east coast.
Question: When did a thick wave of smog first appear in Central and Eastern China?
Answer: 2 December 2013
Question: How long was Nanjing ranked as "severely polluted" during this wave?
Answer: five straight days
Question: On what days did Nanjing have to issue a Red Alert because of the severe air pollution?
Answer: From 5 to 6 December |
Context: Much of the early colonial art stemmed from the codices (Aztec illustrated books), aiming to recover and preserve some Aztec and other Amerindian iconography and history. From then, artistic expressions in Mexico were mostly religious in theme. The Metropolitan Cathedral still displays works by Juan de Rojas, Juan Correa and an oil painting whose authorship has been attributed to Murillo. Secular works of art of this period include the equestrian sculpture of Charles IV of Spain, locally known as El Caballito ("The little horse"). This piece, in bronze, was the work of Manuel Tolsá and it has been placed at the Plaza Tolsá, in front of the Palacio de Minería (Mining Palace). Directly in front of this building is the beautiful Museo Nacional de Arte (Munal) (the National Museum of Art).
Question: What comprised most of the early art of Mexico City?
Answer: codices
Question: Most of the art since the Aztecs took what style?
Answer: religious
Question: Whose art is displayed at the large cathedral in Mexico City?
Answer: Juan de Rojas
Question: "The Little Horse" is also known as what?
Answer: equestrian sculpture of Charles IV of Spain
Question: Who created "The Little Horse?"
Answer: Manuel Tolsá |
Context: In 1348, the Black Death and other disasters sealed a sudden end to the previous period of massive philosophic and scientific development. Yet, the rediscovery of ancient texts was improved after the Fall of Constantinople in 1453, when many Byzantine scholars had to seek refuge in the West. Meanwhile, the introduction of printing was to have great effect on European society. The facilitated dissemination of the printed word democratized learning and allowed a faster propagation of new ideas. New ideas also helped to influence the development of European science at this point: not least the introduction of Algebra. These developments paved the way for the Scientific Revolution, which may also be understood as a resumption of the process of scientific inquiry, halted at the start of the Black Death.
Question: What year did the Black Death occur?
Answer: 1348
Question: What caused ancient texts to be rediscovered by Byzantine scholars?
Answer: the Fall of Constantinople in 1453
Question: The invention of printing improved which society?
Answer: European
Question: Printed word enabled what?
Answer: a faster propagation of new ideas
Question: What type of mathematics aided in developing European science?
Answer: Algebra |
Context: It authorized the Secretary of the Interior to list endangered domestic fish and wildlife and allowed the United States Fish and Wildlife Service to spend up to $15 million per year to buy habitats for listed species. It also directed federal land agencies to preserve habitat on their lands. The Act also consolidated and even expanded authority for the Secretary of the Interior to manage and administer the National Wildlife Refuge System. Other public agencies were encouraged, but not required, to protect species. The act did not address the commerce in endangered species and parts.
Question: What did the Endangered Species Act authorize the Secretary of the Interior to do?
Answer: list endangered domestic fish and wildlife
Question: The Endangered Species Act permitted how much annual expenditure by the US Fish and Wildlife Service for habitat purchase?
Answer: $15 million per year
Question: The Endangered Species Act gave the Secretary of the Interior administrative power of what organization?
Answer: the National Wildlife Refuge System
Question: How did the Endangered Species Act impact wildlife commerce?
Answer: The act did not address the commerce in endangered species and parts
Question: How did the Endangered Species Act impact other agencies not specifically mentioned in the Act?
Answer: Other public agencies were encouraged, but not required, to protect species
Question: How much could the Act spend per year?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who runs the United States Fish and Wildlife Service?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What commerce did the ESA affect?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What animals could not be listed as endangered due to this act?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did the National Wildlife Refuge System preserve?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: By 1987, CBS was the only "big three" American TV network to have a co-owned record company. ABC had sold its record division to MCA Records in 1979, and in 1986, NBC's parent company RCA was sold to General Electric, who then sold off all other RCA units, including the record division (which was bought by Ariola Records, later known as BMG).
Question: In what year was CBS the only network to also have a record company?
Answer: 1987
Question: What label did ABC sell in 1979?
Answer: MCA Records
Question: What label did NBC sell in 1986?
Answer: RCA
Question: Who bought RCA?
Answer: Ge
Question: By 1997, which network was the only "big three" to also have its own record company?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: CBA sold its record division to whom in 1979?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: RCA's parent company NBC was sold to whom ?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: BMG was later known as what Ariola what?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In what year was RCA's parent company NBC sold to General Electric?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: At the same time, some Alsatians were in opposition to the Jacobins and sympathetic to the invading forces of Austria and Prussia who sought to crush the nascent revolutionary republic. Many of the residents of the Sundgau made "pilgrimages" to places like Mariastein Abbey, near Basel, in Switzerland, for baptisms and weddings. When the French Revolutionary Army of the Rhine was victorious, tens of thousands fled east before it. When they were later permitted to return (in some cases not until 1799), it was often to find that their lands and homes had been confiscated. These conditions led to emigration by hundreds of families to newly vacant lands in the Russian Empire in 1803–4 and again in 1808. A poignant retelling of this event based on what Goethe had personally witnessed can be found in his long poem Hermann and Dorothea.
Question: Which two countries sought to crush the nascent republic?
Answer: Austria and Prussia
Question: What had happened to most of the people who fled Sungau during the war when they were allowed to return home?
Answer: lands and homes had been confiscated
Question: What was the name of the poem by Goethe?
Answer: Hermann and Dorothea
Question: Who was sympathetic to the Jacobins?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Where did the Austrian and Prussian armies make pilgrimages to?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When was the French Revolutionary Army victorious?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When was Hermann and Dorothea published?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many residents made pilgrimages?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: To feel or see the difference between aspirated and unaspirated sounds, one can put a hand or a lit candle in front of one's mouth, and say pin [pʰɪn] and then spin [spɪn]. One should either feel a puff of air or see a flicker of the candle flame with pin that one does not get with spin. In most dialects of English, the initial consonant is aspirated in pin and unaspirated in spin.
Question: With what word should you see a candle flicker or feel a puff of air?
Answer: pin
Question: In English the first consonant in "pin" is what?
Answer: aspirated
Question: When should one put a hand or a lit candle in front of one's eyes?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In what dialect would the initial consonant be unaspriated in pin and aspirated in spin?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Which word would be aspirated in most English dialects?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What would you see when you use your hand to see the difference between aspirated and unaspirated sounds?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What would you do to see the similarities between aspirated and unaspirated sounds?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: DVB created first the standard for DVB-S digital satellite TV, DVB-C digital cable TV and DVB-T digital terrestrial TV. These broadcasting systems can be used for both SDTV and HDTV. In the US the Grand Alliance proposed ATSC as the new standard for SDTV and HDTV. Both ATSC and DVB were based on the MPEG-2 standard, although DVB systems may also be used to transmit video using the newer and more efficient H.264/MPEG-4 AVC compression standards. Common for all DVB standards is the use of highly efficient modulation techniques for further reducing bandwidth, and foremost for reducing receiver-hardware and antenna requirements.
Question: What did the Grand Alliance propose as the new standard for SDTV and HDTV?
Answer: ATSC
Question: Which standard were ATSC and DVB based on?
Answer: MPEG-2
Question: Who created the standard for DVB-2, DVB-C, and DVB-T?
Answer: DVB
Question: Who proposed ATSC as the new standard for SDTV and HDTV?
Answer: the Grand Alliance |
Context: Concurrently, the recent movements of New Urbanism, Metaphoric architecture and New Classical Architecture promote a sustainable approach towards construction, that appreciates and develops smart growth, architectural tradition and classical design. This in contrast to modernist and globally uniform architecture, as well as leaning against solitary housing estates and suburban sprawl.
Question: What are three new movements that have a focus on sustainability?
Answer: New Urbanism, Metaphoric architecture and New Classical Architecture
Question: What kinds of buildings and building developments are the new movements not in favor of?
Answer: solitary housing estates and suburban sprawl.
Question: What are three things the new movements try to achieve?
Answer: smart growth, architectural tradition and classical design
Question: What older architectural movements do the newer movements not go along with?
Answer: modernist and globally uniform architecture
Question: What are three old movements that have a focus on sustainability?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What kinds of buildings and building developments are the old movements not in favor of?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What are three things the old movements try to achieve?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What older architectural movements do the older movements not go along with?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: In European history when child labour was common, as well as in contemporary child labour of modern world, certain cultural beliefs have rationalised child labour and thereby encouraged it. Some view that work is good for the character-building and skill development of children. In many cultures, particular where the informal economy and small household businesses thrive, the cultural tradition is that children follow in their parents' footsteps; child labour then is a means to learn and practice that trade from a very early age. Similarly, in many cultures the education of girls is less valued or girls are simply not expected to need formal schooling, and these girls pushed into child labour such as providing domestic services.
Question: Throughout European history was child labour seen as a positive?
Answer: Some view that work is good for the character-building and skill development of children
Question: Are boys or girls more likely in some cultures to be thrown into child labour?
Answer: girls
Question: For working parents what is the value of having their children work by their side?
Answer: learn and practice that trade from a very early age
Question: Do many cultures place value of the education of a young girl?
Answer: education of girls is less valued |
Context: Scholars and historians are divided as to what event signals the end of the Hellenistic era. The Hellenistic period may be seen to end either with the final conquest of the Greek heartlands by Rome in 146 BC following the Achean War, with the final defeat of the Ptolemaic Kingdom at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC, or even the move by Roman emperor Constantine the Great of the capital of the Roman Empire to Constantinople in 330 AD. "Hellenistic" is distinguished from "Hellenic" in that the first encompasses the entire sphere of direct ancient Greek influence, while the latter refers to Greece itself.
Question: When was the final defeat of the Ptolemaic Kingdom?
Answer: 31 BC
Question: Who was the Roman emporer?
Answer: Constantine the Great
Question: When did the capital of the Roman Empire move to Constantinople?
Answer: 330 AD
Question: What term defines the influence of Greek culture?
Answer: Hellenistic
Question: Where did the Roman Empire move to in 330 AD?
Answer: Constantinople |
Context: Further firefights between Armenian militiamen and Soviet troops occurred in Sovetashen, near the capital and resulted in the deaths of over 26 people, mostly Armenians. The pogrom of Armenians in Baku in January 1990 forced almost all of the 200,000 Armenians in the Azerbaijani capital Baku to flee to Armenia. On 17 March 1991, Armenia, along with the Baltic states, Georgia and Moldova, boycotted a nationwide referendum in which 78% of all voters voted for the retention of the Soviet Union in a reformed form.
Question: Continued fighting transpired between the Armenians and Soviets in which city?
Answer: Sovetashen
Question: Where did the Armenians living in Baku escape to during the January 1990 massacre?
Answer: Armenia
Question: When did Armenia reject the referendum proposing the retention of the Soviet Union?
Answer: 17 March 1991 |
Context: In the early 1950s, Universal set up its own distribution company in France, and in the late 1960s, the company also started a production company in Paris, Universal Productions France S.A., although sometimes credited by the name of the distribution company, Universal Pictures France. Except for the two first films it produced, Claude Chabrol's Le scandale (English title The Champagne Murders) and Romain Gary's Les oiseaux vont mourir au Pérou (English title Birds in Peru), it was only involved in French or other European co-productions, the most noticeable ones being Louis Malle's Lacombe, Lucien, Bertrand Blier's Les Valseuses (English title Going Places), and Fred Zinnemann's The Day of the Jackal. It was only involved in approximately 20 French film productions. In the early 1970s, the unit was incorporated into the French Cinema International Corporation arm.
Question: What was the name of the Universal production company based in Paris?
Answer: Universal Productions France S.A.
Question: What was the name of Universal's French distribution company?
Answer: Universal Pictures France
Question: What was the English title of Le scandale?
Answer: The Champagne Murders
Question: Who directed The Day of the Jackal?
Answer: Fred Zinnemann
Question: What film was known in English as Going Places?
Answer: Les Valseuses
Question: Where did Universal set up a distribution company in 1950?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Where did Universal set up a production company in 1960?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What happened in 1970?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was the name of the company established in 1960?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The status of the town was changed by a later charter of Charles I by at once the formal separation from Portsmouth and the recognition of Southampton as a county, In the charter dated 27 June 1640 the formal title of the town became 'The Town and County of the Town of Southampton'. These charters and Royal Grants, of which there were many, also set out the governance and regulation of the town and port which remained the 'constitution' of the town until the local government organisation of the later Victorian period which from about 1888 saw the setting up of County Councils across England and Wales and including Hampshire County Council who now took on some of the function of Government in Southampton Town. In this regime, The Town and County of the Town of Southampton also became a county borough with shared responsibility for aspects of local government. On 24 February 1964 the status changed again by a Charter of Elizabeth II, creating the City and County of the City of Southampton.
Question: What king's charter recognized Southampton as its own county?
Answer: Charles I
Question: What year did Southampton receive the charter naming it 'The Town and County of the Town of Southampton'?
Answer: 1640
Question: What era in history saw local government begin setting up County Councils in the area?
Answer: Victorian period
Question: After 1888, which Council took over some governance of Southampton Town?
Answer: Hampshire County Council
Question: What was the year that Queen Elizabeth II's charter created the City and County of the City of Southampton?
Answer: 1964 |
Context: In ring-porous species, such as ash, black locust, catalpa, chestnut, elm, hickory, mulberry, and oak, the larger vessels or pores (as cross sections of vessels are called) are localised in the part of the growth ring formed in spring, thus forming a region of more or less open and porous tissue. The rest of the ring, produced in summer, is made up of smaller vessels and a much greater proportion of wood fibers. These fibers are the elements which give strength and toughness to wood, while the vessels are a source of weakness.[citation needed]
Question: What species of hardwood are hickory and mulberry trees?
Answer: ring-porous
Question: In what season do the growth-rings of ring-porous species form with larger vessels localized?
Answer: spring
Question: In what season does the part of the growth-ring with smaller vessels form in ring-porous species?
Answer: summer
Question: What fibers does the summer's section of growth-ring have more of?
Answer: wood fibers
Question: Along with strength, what property do wood fibers lend to wood?
Answer: toughness |
Context: Madonna released the Material Girl clothing line, which she designed with her daughter, Lourdes. The 1980s inspired clothing line, borrowed from Madonna's punk-girl style when she rose to fame in the 1980s, was released under the Macy's label. Madonna also opened a series of fitness centers around the world named Hard Candy Fitness. In November 2011, Madonna and MG Icon announced the release of a second fashion brand called Truth or Dare by Madonna to include footwear, underclothing, and accessories. She also directed her second feature film, W.E., a biographic about the affair between King Edward VIII and Wallis Simpson; it was co-written with Alek Keshishian. Critical and commercial response to the film was negative. Madonna contributed the ballad "Masterpiece" for the film's soundtrack, which won her a Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song.
Question: What is the name of the clothing line Madonna released with her daughter?
Answer: Material Girl
Question: Material Girl clothing line is released under which brand?
Answer: Macy's
Question: What is the name of the fitness gyms that Madonna opened?
Answer: Hard Candy Fitness
Question: When did Madonna released her second clothing line?
Answer: November 2011
Question: What is the name of the second film that Madonna directed?
Answer: W.E. |
Context: Utrecht is well-connected to the Dutch road network. Two of the most important major roads serve the city of Utrecht: the A12 and A2 motorways connect Amsterdam, Arnhem, The Hague and Maastricht, as well as Belgium and Germany. Other major motorways in the area are the Almere–Breda A27 and the Utrecht–Groningen A28. Due to the increasing traffic and the ancient city plan, traffic congestion is a common phenomenon in and around Utrecht, causing elevated levels of air pollutants. This has led to a passionate debate in the city about the best way to improve the city's air quality.
Question: Is Utrecht connected to the Dutch road system
Answer: well-connected to the Dutch road network. Two of the most important major roads serve the city of Utrecht:
Question: What countries do the A12 and A2 connect
Answer: A12 and A2 motorways connect Amsterdam, Arnhem, The Hague and Maastricht, as well as Belgium and Germany
Question: What does traffic elevate
Answer: increasing traffic and the ancient city plan, traffic congestion is a common phenomenon in and around Utrecht, causing elevated levels of air pollutants
Question: What two roads connect Utrecht to the rest of Europe?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What limits the amount of traffic in the city?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Multi-layer printed circuit boards have trace layers inside the board. This is achieved by laminating a stack of materials in a press by applying pressure and heat for a period of time. This results in an inseparable one piece product. For example, a four-layer PCB can be fabricated by starting from a two-sided copper-clad laminate, etch the circuitry on both sides, then laminate to the top and bottom pre-preg and copper foil. It is then drilled, plated, and etched again to get traces on top and bottom layers.
Question: If you started with a two-sided laminate etched on either side, laminated to the top and bottom, and processed it again to get traces on the outside layers, how many layers would your final PCB have?
Answer: four
Question: What makes up the inside of a multi-layer PCB?
Answer: trace layers
Question: Pressure is one thing you need to apply to make a multi-layer PCB; what's the other thing?
Answer: heat
Question: What tool is used to push the trace layers in a multi-layer PCB together?
Answer: press
Question: Single-layer printed circuit boards have trace layers where?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: A five-layer PCB can be fabricated how?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What kind of circuit boards result from applying pressure and cold air for a period of time?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: A silver-clad laminate can be found in what kind of circuit board?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: A five-layer PCB uses what kind of foil?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Birds that employ many strategies to obtain food or feed on a variety of food items are called generalists, while others that concentrate time and effort on specific food items or have a single strategy to obtain food are considered specialists. Birds' feeding strategies vary by species. Many birds glean for insects, invertebrates, fruit, or seeds. Some hunt insects by suddenly attacking from a branch. Those species that seek pest insects are considered beneficial 'biological control agents' and their presence encouraged in biological pest control programs. Nectar feeders such as hummingbirds, sunbirds, lories, and lorikeets amongst others have specially adapted brushy tongues and in many cases bills designed to fit co-adapted flowers. Kiwis and shorebirds with long bills probe for invertebrates; shorebirds' varied bill lengths and feeding methods result in the separation of ecological niches. Loons, diving ducks, penguins and auks pursue their prey underwater, using their wings or feet for propulsion, while aerial predators such as sulids, kingfishers and terns plunge dive after their prey. Flamingos, three species of prion, and some ducks are filter feeders. Geese and dabbling ducks are primarily grazers.
Question: What is the term used for birds that employ many strategies to obtain food?
Answer: generalists
Question: What is the term used for birds that concentrate time and effort on specific food items?
Answer: specialists
Question: What type of birds have specially adapted brushy tongues?
Answer: Nectar feeders |
Context: This office was first held by Gabriel Nicolas de la Reynie, who had 44 commissaires de police (police commissioners) under his authority. In 1709, these commissioners were assisted by inspecteurs de police (police inspectors). The city of Paris was divided into 16 districts policed by the commissaires, each assigned to a particular district and assisted by a growing bureaucracy. The scheme of the Paris police force was extended to the rest of France by a royal edict of October 1699, resulting in the creation of lieutenants general of police in all large French cities and towns.
Question: Who was Paris's first head of police?
Answer: Gabriel Nicolas de la Reynie
Question: How many commissioners worked under Reynie?
Answer: 44
Question: How many policing districts was Paris divided into?
Answer: 16
Question: When was Paris's police system expanded to the rest of France?
Answer: October 1699
Question: When were police inspectors added to Paris's police?
Answer: 1709
Question: Who was Paris's last head of police?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many commissioners worked above Reynie?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many policing districts was France divided into?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When was Paris's police system contracted to disclude rest of France?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When were police inspectors subtracted from Paris's police?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: In February 20, 1988, after a week of growing demonstrations in Stepanakert, capital of the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast (the Armenian majority area within Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic), the Regional Soviet voted to secede and join with the Soviet Socialist Republic of Armenia. This local vote in a small, remote part of the Soviet Union made headlines around the world; it was an unprecedented defiance of republic and national authorities. On February 22, 1988, in what became known as the "Askeran clash", two Azerbaijanis were killed by Karabakh police. These deaths, announced on state radio, led to the Sumgait Pogrom. Between February 26 and March 1, the city of Sumgait (Azerbaijan) saw violent anti-Armenian rioting during which 32 people were killed. The authorities totally lost control and occupied the city with paratroopers and tanks; nearly all of the 14,000 Armenian residents of Sumgait fled.
Question: How many Azerbaijanis died in the Askeran clash?
Answer: two
Question: When was the Askeran clash?
Answer: February 22, 1988
Question: Who killed the two Azerbaijanis?
Answer: Karabakh police.
Question: What was triggered by the radio broadcast of the deaths?
Answer: Sumgait Pogrom
Question: How many were killed in the ensuing riots?
Answer: 32 |
Context: Muslim rule started in parts of north India in the 13th century when the Delhi Sultanate was founded in 1206 CE by the Central Asian Turks. The Delhi Sultanate ruled the major part of northern India in the early 14th century, but declined in the late 14th century when several powerful Hindu states such as the Vijayanagara Empire, Gajapati Kingdom, Ahom Kingdom, as well as Rajput dynasties and states, such as Mewar dynasty, emerged. The 15th century saw the emergence of Sikhism. In the 16th century, Mughals came from Central Asia and gradually covered most of India. The Mughal Empire suffered a gradual decline in the early 18th century, which provided opportunities for the Maratha Empire, Sikh Empire and Mysore Kingdom to exercise control over large areas of the subcontinent.
Question: What group founded the Delhi Sultanate in the 13th century?
Answer: Central Asian Turks
Question: When did the Delhi Sultanate decline in its rule of northern India?
Answer: late 14th century
Question: What belief system began in the 15th century?
Answer: Sikhism
Question: What empire covered most of India in the 16th century?
Answer: Mughal Empire
Question: During what century did the Mughal empire decline?
Answer: early 18th century |
Context: It was granted its Royal Charter in 1837 under King William IV. Supplemental Charters of 1887, 1909 and 1925 were replaced by a single Charter in 1971, and there have been minor amendments since then.
Question: When did the Royal Institute receive its charter?
Answer: 1837
Question: Who was responsible for giving the charter to the Royal Institute?
Answer: King William IV
Question: In what years was the Royal Institute issued supplemental charters?
Answer: 1887, 1909 and 1925
Question: When were the various supplemental charters consolidated?
Answer: 1971
Question: What term characterizes the nature of changes to the charter after 1971?
Answer: minor amendments
Question: When did the Royal Institute lose its charter?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who was responsible for taking the charter from the Royal Institute?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What years was the Royal Institute issued no supplemental charters?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When were the various supplemental charters increased?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What term characterizes the nature of changes to the charter before 1971?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The FAA has been cited as an example of regulatory capture, "in which the airline industry openly dictates to its regulators its governing rules, arranging for not only beneficial regulation, but placing key people to head these regulators." Retired NASA Office of Inspector General Senior Special Agent Joseph Gutheinz, who used to be a Special Agent with the Office of Inspector General for the Department of Transportation and with FAA Security, is one of the most outspoken critics of FAA. Rather than commend the agency for proposing a $10.2 million fine against Southwest Airlines for its failure to conduct mandatory inspections in 2008, he was quoted as saying the following in an Associated Press story: "Penalties against airlines that violate FAA directives should be stiffer. At $25,000 per violation, Gutheinz said, airlines can justify rolling the dice and taking the chance on getting caught. He also said the FAA is often too quick to bend to pressure from airlines and pilots." Other experts have been critical of the constraints and expectations under which the FAA is expected to operate. The dual role of encouraging aerospace travel and regulating aerospace travel are contradictory. For example, to levy a heavy penalty upon an airline for violating an FAA regulation which would impact their ability to continue operating would not be considered encouraging aerospace travel.
Question: What retired NASA Office of inspector general is outspoken about the FAA?
Answer: Joseph Gutheinz
Question: How much do penalties against airlines cost per violation?
Answer: $25,000
Question: A heavy penalty for violating FAA reulations could said to be do what?
Answer: impact their ability to continue operating
Question: What did the agency propose to find Southwest Airlines?
Answer: $10.2 million
Question: Who used to be the Inspector General for the Department of Transportation?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When did Joseph Gutheinz commend the agency for proposing a $10.2 million fine against Southwest?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who said penalties against airlines that violate FAA directives should be $25,000?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What would be considered encouraging aerospace travel?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When did Southwest conduct mandatory inspections.
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: In physics, Whitehead's thought has had some influence. He articulated a view that might perhaps be regarded as dual to Einstein's general relativity, see Whitehead's theory of gravitation. It has been severely criticized. Yutaka Tanaka, who suggests that the gravitational constant disagrees with experimental findings, proposes that Einstein's work does not actually refute Whitehead's formulation. Whitehead's view has now been rendered obsolete, with the discovery of gravitational waves. They are phenonena observed locally that largely violate the kind of local flatness of space that Whitehead assumes. Consequently, Whitehead's cosmology must be regarded as a local approximation, and his assumption of a uniform spatio-temporal geometry, Minkowskian in particular, as an often-locally-adequate approximation. An exact replacement of Whitehead's cosmology would need to admit a Riemannian geometry. Also, although Whitehead himself gave only secondary consideration to quantum theory, his metaphysics of processes has proved attractive to some physicists in that field. Henry Stapp and David Bohm are among those whose work has been influenced by Whitehead.
Question: How was Whitehead's theory of gravitation received?
Answer: It has been severely criticized
Question: What affect did the discovery of gravitational waves have on Whitehead's theory?
Answer: Whitehead's view has now been rendered obsolete, with the discovery of gravitational waves
Question: What are gravitational waves?
Answer: phenonena observed locally that largely violate the kind of local flatness of space that Whitehead assumes
Question: How must Whiteheads cosmology now be considered?
Answer: Whitehead's cosmology must be regarded as a local approximation
Question: What physicists in the field of quantum theory have been influenced by Whitehead?
Answer: Henry Stapp and David Bohm
Question: How was Whitehead's theory of non-gravitation received?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What affect did the discovery of gravitational waves not have on Whitehead's theory?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What are non-gravitational waves?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: In 2013, Houston was identified as the #1 U.S. city for job creation by the U.S. Bureau of Statistics after it was not only the first major city to regain all the jobs lost in the preceding economic downturn, but after the crash, more than two jobs were added for every one lost. Economist and vice president of research at the Greater Houston Partnership Patrick Jankowski attributed Houston's success to the ability of the region's real estate and energy industries to learn from historical mistakes. Furthermore, Jankowski stated that "more than 100 foreign-owned companies relocated, expanded or started new businesses in Houston" between 2008 and 2010, and this openness to external business boosted job creation during a period when domestic demand was problematically low. Also in 2013, Houston again appeared on Forbes' list of Best Places for Business and Careers.
Question: Where did Houston rank for job creation in 2013?
Answer: #1
Question: What was Houston the first city to do regain after the recession caused job loss?
Answer: jobs lost
Question: How many jobs did Houston add for every one lost?
Answer: two
Question: How many foreign companies relocated to Houston?
Answer: more than 100
Question: On what Forbes list did Houston appear in 2013?
Answer: Best Places for Business and Careers
Question: Where did Houston rank for job creation in 2003?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was Houston the first city to do regain after the recession caused job boom?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many jobs did Texas add for every one lost?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many foreign companies relocated to Texas?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: On what Forbes list did Houston appear in 2003?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Heading east, 27th Street passes through Chelsea Park between Tenth and Ninth Avenues, with the Fashion Institute of Technology (FIT) on the corner of Eighth. On Madison Avenue between 26th and 27th streets, on the site of the old Madison Square Garden, is the New York Life Building, built in 1928 and designed by Cass Gilbert, with a square tower topped by a striking gilded pyramid. Twenty-Seventh Street passes one block north of Madison Square Park and culminates at Bellevue Hospital Center on First Avenue.
Question: The Fashion Institute of Technology is on the corner of 27th Street and what Avenue?
Answer: Eighth
Question: What year was the New York Life Building built?
Answer: 1928
Question: Who designed the New York Life Building?
Answer: Cass Gilbert
Question: Which hospital is located at the end if 27th Street?
Answer: Bellevue
Question: Which park does 27th Street pass through between Ninth and Tenth Avenues?
Answer: Chelsea |
Context: The Sanskrit grammatical tradition, Vyākaraṇa, one of the six Vedangas, began in the late Vedic period and culminated in the Aṣṭādhyāyī of Pāṇini, which consists of 3990 sutras (ca. fifth century BCE). About a century after Pāṇini (around 400 BCE), Kātyāyana composed Vārtikas on the Pāṇini sũtras. Patanjali, who lived three centuries after Pāṇini, wrote the Mahābhāṣya, the "Great Commentary" on the Aṣṭādhyāyī and Vārtikas. Because of these three ancient Vyākaraṇins (grammarians), this grammar is called Trimuni Vyākarana. To understand the meaning of the sutras, Jayaditya and Vāmana wrote a commentary, the Kāsikā, in 600 CE. Pāṇinian grammar is based on 14 Shiva sutras (aphorisms), where the whole mātrika (alphabet) is abbreviated. This abbreviation is called the Pratyāhara.
Question: What is the Sanskrit grammatical tradition?
Answer: Vyākaraṇa
Question: In what period did Vyakarana begin?
Answer: late Vedic
Question: How many sutras are in the Astadhyayi?
Answer: 3990 sutras
Question: Who composed Vartikas on the Panini sutras?
Answer: Kātyāyana
Question: What is the abbreviated alphabet called?
Answer: Pratyāhara
Question: What was composed about a century before Panini?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who lived three centuries before Panini?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did Panini write?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is based on 12 Shiva sutras?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is Pratyahara a partial abbreviation of?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Two aspects of indigenous pre-Hispanic culture that withstood time are chenchule' and inafa'maolek. Chenchule' is the intricate system of reciprocity at the heart of Chamorro society. It is rooted in the core value of inafa'maolek. Historian Lawrence Cunningham in 1992 wrote, "In a Chamorro sense, the land and its produce belong to everyone. Inafa'maolek, or interdependence, is the key, or central value, in Chamorro culture ... Inafa'maolek depends on a spirit of cooperation and sharing. This is the armature, or core, that everything in Chamorro culture revolves around. It is a powerful concern for mutuality rather than individualism and private property rights."
Question: What two indiginous pre-hispanic culture has survived to this point?
Answer: chenchule' and inafa'maolek
Question: What is the name of the intricate system in Guam?
Answer: . Chenchule
Question: What do the Chamorro believe in according to Historian Lawrence Cinningham
Answer: the land and its produce belong to everyone
Question: What is one of Historian Lawrence Cunningham's own cultures concepts?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is the Chamorro word for being selfish?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is the Chamorro word for refusing to reciprocate?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In what year did Historian Lawrence Cunningham first start learning about the Chamorro?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is the Chamorro term for individualism?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: A large number of Bell's writings, personal correspondence, notebooks, papers and other documents reside at both the United States Library of Congress Manuscript Division (as the Alexander Graham Bell Family Papers), and at the Alexander Graham Bell Institute, Cape Breton University, Nova Scotia; major portions of which are available for online viewing.
Question: What are Bell's personal papers known as?
Answer: Alexander Graham Bell Family Papers
Question: In what part of the Library of Congress are Bell's papers kept?
Answer: Manuscript Division
Question: Apart from in person, how can one look at many of Bell's papers?
Answer: online
Question: In what university is the Alexander Graham Bell Institute?
Answer: Cape Breton University
Question: In what province is the Alexander Graham Bell Institute located?
Answer: Nova Scotia |
Context: In 1860, North Carolina was a slave state, in which one-third of the population was enslaved. This was a smaller proportion than in many Southern states. The state did not vote to join the Confederacy until President Abraham Lincoln called on it to invade its sister state, South Carolina, becoming the last or second-to-last state to officially join the Confederacy. The title of "last to join the Confederacy" has been disputed; although Tennessee's informal secession on May 7, 1861, preceded North Carolina's official secession on May 20, the Tennessee legislature did not formally vote to secede until June 8, 1861.
Question: What fraction of the population of North Carolina was enslaved in 1860?
Answer: one-third
Question: North Carolina did not vote to join the confederacy until they were ordered to invade what state?
Answer: South Carolina
Question: When was North Carolinas official secession?
Answer: May 20
Question: When was Tennessees informal secession?
Answer: May 7, 1861
Question: When did Tennessee officially vote to secede?
Answer: June 8, 1861 |
Context: Science came to play a leading role in Enlightenment discourse and thought. Many Enlightenment writers and thinkers had backgrounds in the sciences and associated scientific advancement with the overthrow of religion and traditional authority in favour of the development of free speech and thought. Scientific progress during the Enlightenment included the discovery of carbon dioxide (fixed air) by the chemist Joseph Black, the argument for deep time by the geologist James Hutton, and the invention of the steam engine by James Watt. The experiments of Lavoisier were used to create the first modern chemical plants in Paris, and the experiments of the Montgolfier Brothers enabled them to launch the first manned flight in a hot-air balloon on 21 November 1783, from the Château de la Muette, near the Bois de Boulogne.
Question: Many Enlightenment writers and thinkers had backgrounds in the sciences and associated scientific advancement with overthrow of religion and traditional authority in favor of what?
Answer: the development of free speech and thought
Question: Who discovered carbon dioxide or fixed air?
Answer: chemist Joseph Black
Question: Who created the argument for deep time?
Answer: geologist James Hutton
Question: Who invented the steam engine?
Answer: James Watt
Question: Who launched the first manned flight in a hot-air balloon in November 1783?
Answer: the Montgolfier Brothers |
Context: Insect ecology is the scientific study of how insects, individually or as a community, interact with the surrounding environment or ecosystem.:3 Insects play one of the most important roles in their ecosystems, which includes many roles, such as soil turning and aeration, dung burial, pest control, pollination and wildlife nutrition. An example is the beetles, which are scavengers that feed on dead animals and fallen trees and thereby recycle biological materials into forms found useful by other organisms. These insects, and others, are responsible for much of the process by which topsoil is created.:3, 218–228
Question: Learning how insects interact with the surrounding environment is called what?
Answer: Insect ecology
Question: Another term for surrounding environment is what?
Answer: ecosystem
Question: What kind of role do insects play in their ecosystem?
Answer: important
Question: What type of burial do insects engage in?
Answer: dung
Question: Beetles are also known as what?
Answer: scavengers |
Context: Between 1996 and 2004, the population of the city increased by 4.9 per cent—the tenth biggest increase in England. In 2005 the Government Statistics stated that Southampton was the third most densely populated city in the country after London and Portsmouth respectively. Hampshire County Council expects the city's population to grow by around a further two per cent between 2006 and 2013, adding around another 4,200 to the total number of residents. The highest increases are expected among the elderly.
Question: By what percentage did the population of Southampton increase from 1996 to 2004?
Answer: 4.9
Question: What's the only other city in England besides Portsmouth more densely populated than Southampton?
Answer: London
Question: What organization anticipated an additional 2% population growth from 2006 to 2013?
Answer: Hampshire County Council
Question: What age segment of the population of Southampton is projected to increase the most?
Answer: the elderly
Question: How many more residents would Southampton have if the population grew by 2%, as the council expected?
Answer: 4,200 |
Context: Another example relates to AIG, which insured obligations of various financial institutions through the usage of credit default swaps. The basic CDS transaction involved AIG receiving a premium in exchange for a promise to pay money to party A in the event party B defaulted. However, AIG did not have the financial strength to support its many CDS commitments as the crisis progressed and was taken over by the government in September 2008. U.S. taxpayers provided over $180 billion in government support to AIG during 2008 and early 2009, through which the money flowed to various counterparties to CDS transactions, including many large global financial institutions.
Question: What firm insured obligations of various financial institutions using credit default swaps?
Answer: AIG
Question: What does the abbreviation CDS stand for?
Answer: credit default swaps
Question: When did the government take over AIG?
Answer: September 2008
Question: How much money did taxpayers provide in government support to AIG during 2008 and early 2009?
Answer: over $180 billion
Question: What did AIG receive for promising to pay Party A in the event that Party B defaulted?
Answer: a premium |
Context: Richmond city government consists of a city council with representatives from nine districts serving in a legislative and oversight capacity, as well as a popularly elected, at-large mayor serving as head of the executive branch. Citizens in each of the nine districts elect one council representative each to serve a four-year term. Beginning with the November 2008 election Council terms was lengthened to 4 years. The city council elects from among its members one member to serve as Council President and one to serve as Council Vice President. The city council meets at City Hall, located at 900 E. Broad St., 2nd Floor, on the second and fourth Mondays of every month, except August.
Question: How many representatives make up the Richmond city council?
Answer: nine
Question: What official is in charge of Richmond's executive branch?
Answer: mayor
Question: How many years does the term of a Richmond city council representative last?
Answer: four
Question: On what day of the week does the city council meet?
Answer: Mondays
Question: In what month does the city council not meet?
Answer: August |
Context: In February 1925, the Cardinal Secretary of State Pietro Gasparri summoned him to the Vatican and informed him of Pope Pius XI's decision to appoint him as the Apostolic Visitor to Bulgaria (1925–35). On 3 March, Pius XI also named him for consecration as titular archbishop of Areopolis, Jordan. Roncalli was initially reluctant about a mission to Bulgaria, but he would soon relent. His nomination as apostolic visitor was made official on 19 March. Roncalli was consecrated by Giovanni Tacci Porcelli in the church of San Carlo alla Corso in Rome. After he was consecrated, he introduced his family to Pope Pius XI. He chose as his episcopal motto Obedientia et Pax ("Obedience and Peace"), which became his guiding motto. While he was in Bulgaria, an earthquake struck in a town not too far from where he was. Unaffected, he wrote to his sisters Ancilla and Maria and told them both that he was fine.
Question: When did Pietro Gasparri summon him to the Vatican?
Answer: February 1925
Question: Who was the Cardinal Secretary of State in 1925?
Answer: Pietro Gasparri
Question: When was he the Apostolic Visitor to Bulgaria?
Answer: 1925–35
Question: When was his nomination as apostolic visitor made official?
Answer: 19 March
Question: Who was he consecrated by?
Answer: Giovanni Tacci Porcelli
Question: When was Pius XI asked to come to the Vatican by the Cardinal Secretary of State?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When was Pope Pius XI named Apostolic Visitor to Bulgaria?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Where was Pope Pius XI consecrated?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was the guiding motto of Pope Pius XI?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What happened when Pope Pius XI was in Bulgaria?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: In non-Commonwealth countries the prime minister may be entitled to the style of Excellency like a president. In some Commonwealth countries prime ministers and former prime ministers are styled Right Honourable due to their position, for example in the Prime Minister of Canada. In the United Kingdom the prime minister and former prime ministers may appear to also be styled Right Honourable, however this is not due to their position as head of government but as a privilege of being current members of Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council.
Question: In what kinds of nations can the head of government attain the title of Excellency?
Answer: non-Commonwealth countries
Question: What honorific title can be given to prime ministers in commonwealth nations?
Answer: Right Honourable
Question: What are British prime ministers part of that grants them the title Right Honourable?
Answer: Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council
Question: What is an example of a country where prime ministers can be called Right Honourable solely because of their position?
Answer: Canada
Question: What is the prime minister entitled to in Commonwealth countries?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who is called Honourable in non Commonwealth countries?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who can not be part of the privy council?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: In September 2007, during a lawsuit with patent holding company Burst.com, Apple drew attention to a patent for a similar device that was developed in 1979. Kane Kramer applied for a UK patent for his design of a "plastic music box" in 1981, which he called the IXI. He was unable to secure funding to renew the US$120,000 worldwide patent, so it lapsed and Kramer never profited from his idea.
Question: Apple was involved in a lawsuit with which company in 2007?
Answer: Burst.com
Question: Who previously applied for a patent for an iPod-like device?
Answer: Kane Kramer
Question: In what country did Kane Kramer apply for his patent?
Answer: UK
Question: In what year did Kane Kramer apply for his patent?
Answer: 1981
Question: What did Kane Kramer call the device for which he wanted a patent?
Answer: IXI
Question: What patent holding company sued Apple in 2007?
Answer: Burst.com
Question: What was the name of the previously-patented music player from 1981?
Answer: IXI
Question: Who was the holder of the previous patent for the "plastic music box"?
Answer: Kane Kramer |
Context: Nanjing is one of the most beautiful cities of mainland China with lush green parks, natural scenic lakes, small mountains, historical buildings and monuments, relics and much more, which attracts thousands of tourists every year.
Question: Nanjing is considered one of the most pretty cities in what region?
Answer: mainland China
Question: How many tourists does Nanjing receive each year?
Answer: thousands
Question: What type of buildings attract tourists to Nanjing?
Answer: historical buildings
Question: List three natural attractions of Nanjing.
Answer: lush green parks, natural scenic lakes, small mountains |
Context: On September 22, 1980, the Iraqi army invaded the Iranian Khuzestan, and the Iran–Iraq War began. Although the forces of Saddam Hussein made several early advances, by mid 1982, the Iranian forces successfully managed to drive the Iraqi army back into Iraq. In July 1982, with Iraq thrown on the defensive, Iran took the decision to invade Iraq and conducted countless offensives in a bid to conquer Iraqi territory and capture cities, such as Basra. The war continued until 1988, when the Iraqi army defeated the Iranian forces inside Iraq and pushed the remaining Iranian troops back across the border. Subsequently, Khomeini accepted a truce mediated by the UN. The total Iranian casualties in the war were estimated to be 123,220–160,000 KIA, 60,711 MIA, and 11,000–16,000 civilians killed.
Question: Who invaded Iran in 1980?
Answer: the Iraqi army
Question: When did the Iranian army push the Iraqis back into Iraq?
Answer: mid 1982
Question: When did the Iran-Iraq War finally end?
Answer: 1988
Question: Who mediated the truce which ended the Iran-Iraq War?
Answer: the UN
Question: How many civilians in Iran were killed during the Iran-Iraq War?
Answer: 11,000–16,000 |
Context: Teeth (singular tooth) are small whitish structures found in the jaws (or mouths) of many vertebrates that are used to tear, scrape, milk and chew food. Teeth are not made of bone, but rather of tissues of varying density and hardness, such as enamel, dentine and cementum. Human teeth have a blood and nerve supply which enables proprioception. This is the ability of sensation when chewing, for example if we were to bite into something too hard for our teeth, such as a chipped plate mixed in food, our teeth send a message to our brain and we realise that it cannot be chewed, so we stop trying.
Question: Where are teeth found?
Answer: in the jaws (or mouths)
Question: What are teeth used for?
Answer: to tear, scrape, milk and chew food
Question: What are teeth made out of?
Answer: enamel, dentine and cementum
Question: What in human teeth enables proprioception?
Answer: a blood and nerve supply
Question: What happens when you bite something you cant chew?
Answer: our teeth send a message to our brain and we realise that it cannot be chewed, so we stop trying. |
Context: While some commentators have called for the relocation of Tuvalu's population to Australia, New Zealand or Kioa in Fiji, in 2006 Maatia Toafa (Prime Minister from 2004–2006) said his government did not regard rising sea levels as such a threat that the entire population would need to be evacuated. In 2013 Enele Sopoaga, the prime minister of Tuvalu, said that relocating Tuvaluans to avoid the impact of sea level rise "should never be an option because it is self defeating in itself. For Tuvalu I think we really need to mobilise public opinion in the Pacific as well as in the [rest of] world to really talk to their lawmakers to please have some sort of moral obligation and things like that to do the right thing."
Question: What do some people want to do with the people of Tuvalu?
Answer: relocation
Question: What did the Tuvalu Prime Minster say was not enough of an immediate threat to cause evacuation of the population?
Answer: rising sea levels
Question: When did Prime Minster Maatia Toafa make his comments about not evacuating Tuvalu?
Answer: 2006
Question: What did Enele Sopoaga think evacuation of the people should be?
Answer: never be an option |
Context: The Cork Suburban Rail system also departs from Kent Station and provides connections to parts of Metropolitan Cork. Stations include Little Island, Mallow, Midleton, Fota and Cobh. In July 2009 the Glounthaune to Midleton line was reopened, with new stations at Carrigtwohill and Midleton (with future stations planned for Kilbarry, Monard, Carrigtwohill West and Blarney). Little Island Railway Station serves Cork's Eastern Suburbs, while Kilbarry Railway Station is planned to serve the Northern Suburbs.
Question: Which line was reopened in 2009?
Answer: Glounthaune to Midleton
Question: What new stations were added to the Glounthaune to Midleton line?
Answer: Carrigtwohill and Midleton
Question: What station is going to be available to the Northern Suburbs?
Answer: Kilbarry Railway Station
Question: Where are the Little Island Railway Station routes?
Answer: Cork's Eastern Suburbs
Question: What system are Little Island, Mallow, Midleton, Fota and Cobh stations of?
Answer: The Cork Suburban Rail
Question: What line was close in July of 2009?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What rail system has connections arriving in Kent?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What Railway station serves the Northern Suburbs?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What happened to the Little Island to Mallow line in July 2009?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What area is Midelton Railway Station planned to serve?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Where does the Glounthaune Rail system that departs from Kent Station connect to?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is planned for Little Island, Mallow and Cobh?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What year was the cork Suburban Rail system opened?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Cyprus suffers from a chronic shortage of water. The country relies heavily on rain to provide household water, but in the past 30 years average yearly precipitation has decreased. Between 2001 and 2004, exceptionally heavy annual rainfall pushed water reserves up, with supply exceeding demand, allowing total storage in the island's reservoirs to rise to an all-time high by the start of 2005. However, since then demand has increased annually – a result of local population growth, foreigners moving to Cyprus and the number of visiting tourists – while supply has fallen as a result of more frequent droughts.
Question: What resource is scarce on Cyprus?
Answer: water
Question: What do people living in Cyprus rely on for household water?
Answer: rain
Question: When did Cyprus receive enough rainfall to fill up their water reserves?
Answer: Between 2001 and 2004
Question: Why has demand for water increased annually on Cyprus?
Answer: local population growth, foreigners moving to Cyprus and the number of visiting tourists
Question: Why has the water supply shrunk in previous years?
Answer: more frequent droughts |
Context: Despite leveling after 1900, especially in matters of vocabulary and phonetics, a number of dialects still exist in Russia. Some linguists divide the dialects of Russian into two primary regional groupings, "Northern" and "Southern", with Moscow lying on the zone of transition between the two. Others divide the language into three groupings, Northern, Central (or Middle) and Southern, with Moscow lying in the Central region. All dialects also divided in two main chronological categories: the dialects of primary formation (the territory of the Eastern Rus' or Muscovy, roughly consists of the modern Central and Northwestern Federal districts); and secondary formation (other territory). Dialectology within Russia recognizes dozens of smaller-scale variants. The dialects often show distinct and non-standard features of pronunciation and intonation, vocabulary and grammar. Some of these are relics of ancient usage now completely discarded by the standard language.
Question: What two regions do some linguists divide Russian into?
Answer: "Northern" and "Southern"
Question: What three regions do some linguists divide Russian into?
Answer: Northern, Central (or Middle) and Southern
Question: What distinguishes Russian dialects?
Answer: non-standard features of pronunciation and intonation, vocabulary and grammar
Question: What two groupings are linguists divided into?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What does Muscovy lie on between the two divisions?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many ancient relics were found in Moscow after 1900?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many categories of ancient relics are there?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Why were ancient relics lying in the central region of Russia?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: In the Contemporary era, there were various socio-technological trends. Regarding the 21st century and the late modern world, the Information age and computers were forefront in use, not completely ubiquitous but often present in daily life. The development of Eastern powers was of note, with China and India becoming more powerful. In the Eurasian theater, the European Union and Russian Federation were two forces recently developed. A concern for Western world, if not the whole world, was the late modern form of terrorism and the warfare that has resulted from the contemporary terrorist acts.
Question: In what era were there many socio-technological trends?
Answer: Contemporary era
Question: The 21st century is refereed to as what?
Answer: the Information age
Question: What device was used most during the The Information age?
Answer: computers
Question: What was a major concern for Western civilization during the 21 century?
Answer: terrorist acts
Question: In what time were there many socio-technological trends?
Answer: Contemporary era
Question: What is the 21st century also known as?
Answer: the Information age
Question: What device was used most during 21st century?
Answer: computers
Question: What was considered a threat to Western civilization?
Answer: terrorist acts |
Context: Additionally, there are issues of connections between different electrical services, particularly connecting intercity lines with sections electrified for commuter traffic, but also between commuter lines built to different standards. This can cause electrification of certain connections to be very expensive simply because of the implications on the sections it is connecting. Many lines have come to be overlaid with multiple electrification standards for different trains to avoid having to replace the existing rolling stock on those lines. Obviously, this requires that the economics of a particular connection must be more compelling and this has prevented complete electrification of many lines. In a few cases, there are diesel trains running along completely electrified routes and this can be due to incompatibility of electrification standards along the route.
Question: What is the other issue that comes to sight when using electrification system?
Answer: connections between different electrical services
Question: Why the commuter lines built to different standards can cause be complicated?
Answer: the implications on the sections it is connecting
Question: What is the solution many lines came up with in order to avoid replacing present rolling stock?
Answer: to be overlaid with multiple electrification standards
Question: Why are disel trains still used on electrified routes?
Answer: due to incompatibility of electrification standards
Question: What can be very inexpensive?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is often built to the same standards?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What trains run along partially electrified routes?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is compatible along the route?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many lines have come to be overlaid with single electrification standards?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The spread of Greek literature, mythology and philosophy offered Roman poets and antiquarians a model for the interpretation of Rome's festivals and rituals, and the embellishment of its mythology. Ennius translated the work of Graeco-Sicilian Euhemerus, who explained the genesis of the gods as apotheosized mortals. In the last century of the Republic, Epicurean and particularly Stoic interpretations were a preoccupation of the literate elite, most of whom held - or had held - high office and traditional Roman priesthoods; notably, Scaevola and the polymath Varro. For Varro - well versed in Euhemerus' theory - popular religious observance was based on a necessary fiction; what the people believed was not itself the truth, but their observance led them to as much higher truth as their limited capacity could deal with. Whereas in popular belief deities held power over mortal lives, the skeptic might say that mortal devotion had made gods of mortals, and these same gods were only sustained by devotion and cult.
Question: The spread of all things Greek provided what for the interpretation of Rome's religions?
Answer: model
Question: What writer defined the development of the gods?
Answer: Euhemerus
Question: At the end of the Republic, who read the Stoic interpretations of Roman gods and religion?
Answer: literate elite
Question: What factors sustained the beliefs in gods according to Varro?
Answer: devotion and cult.
Question: What theory claims that popular belief was based on fiction?
Answer: Euhemerus' theory |
Context: Both low-cost and luxury housing were built by the government in the Brasília. The residential zones of the inner city are arranged into superquadras ("superblocks"): groups of apartment buildings along with a prescribed number and type of schools, retail stores, and open spaces. At the northern end of Lake Paranoá, separated from the inner city, is a peninsula with many fashionable homes, and a similar city exists on the southern lakeshore. Originally the city planners envisioned extensive public areas along the shores of the artificial lake, but during early development private clubs, hotels, and upscale residences and restaurants gained footholds around the water. Set well apart from the city are satellite cities, including Gama, Ceilândia, Taguatinga, Núcleo Bandeirante, Sobradinho, and Planaltina. These cities, with the exception of Gama and Sobradinho were not planned.
Question: What are 'superquadras' or superblocks?
Answer: groups of apartment buildings along with a prescribed number and type of schools, retail stores, and open spaces
Question: Where is there a peninsula with luxury homes?
Answer: the northern end of Lake Paranoá
Question: What did the planners want to have around Lake Paranoa?
Answer: extensive public areas
Question: What took over Lake Paranoa's shores contrary to the plan?
Answer: private clubs, hotels, and upscale residences and restaurants
Question: What mostly-unplanned cities are around Brasilia?
Answer: Gama, Ceilândia, Taguatinga, Núcleo Bandeirante, Sobradinho, and Planaltina
Question: What type of private clubs were built by the Brasilian government?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How are open spaces arranged in Brasilia?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is the definition of a Nucleo?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is located at the northern end of Bandeirante?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did the cuperquadras plan to build near the lake shore?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: During the Miocene continents continued to drift toward their present positions. Of the modern geologic features, only the land bridge between South America and North America was absent, the subduction zone along the Pacific Ocean margin of South America caused the rise of the Andes and the southward extension of the Meso-American peninsula. India continued to collide with Asia. The Tethys Seaway continued to shrink and then disappeared as Africa collided with Eurasia in the Turkish-Arabian region between 19 and 12 Ma (ICS 2004). Subsequent uplift of mountains in the western Mediterranean region and a global fall in sea levels combined to cause a temporary drying up of the Mediterranean Sea resulting in the Messinian salinity crisis near the end of the Miocene.
Question: The formation of which mountain range was the result of of what zone along the Pacific Ocean side of South America?
Answer: the Andes
Question: Which continent was India colliding with in the Miocene?
Answer: Asia
Question: When Africa was colliding with Eurasia which seaway ceased to be during the Miocene?
Answer: The Tethys Seaway
Question: Between what period of time did the Tethys disappear?
Answer: 19 and 12 Ma
Question: Which crisis occured towards the end of the Miocene period?
Answer: Messinian salinity crisis
Question: What bridge was present during the Miocene?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What seaway opened as Africa collided with Eurasia?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When did the Tethys Seaway open?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What caused rain to increase in the Mediterranean
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: During the 19th and 20th century, many national political parties organized themselves into international organizations along similar policy lines. Notable examples are The Universal Party, International Workingmen's Association (also called the First International), the Socialist International (also called the Second International), the Communist International (also called the Third International), and the Fourth International, as organizations of working class parties, or the Liberal International (yellow), Hizb ut-Tahrir, Christian Democratic International and the International Democrat Union (blue). Organized in Italy in 1945, the International Communist Party, since 1974 headquartered in Florence has sections in six countries.[citation needed] Worldwide green parties have recently established the Global Greens. The Universal Party, The Socialist International, the Liberal International, and the International Democrat Union are all based in London. Some administrations (e.g. Hong Kong) outlaw formal linkages between local and foreign political organizations, effectively outlawing international political parties.
Question: When did political parties organize themselves into international organizations?
Answer: 19th and 20th century
Question: What are some examples of this?
Answer: The Universal Party, International Workingmen's Association
Question: Name an example of an administration that outlaws links between local and foreign political organizations.
Answer: Hong Kong
Question: In what year was the Universal Party organized in Italy?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Where has The Universal Party headquarters been located since 1974?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many countries does The Universal Party operate in?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What groups organized in Hong Kong in the 19th and 20th century?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was outlawed in Italy in 1945?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Standard Chinese (Mandarin) has stops and affricates distinguished by aspiration: for instance, /t tʰ/, /t͡s t͡sʰ/. In pinyin, tenuis stops are written with letters that represent voiced consonants in English, and aspirated stops with letters that represent voiceless consonants. Thus d represents /t/, and t represents /tʰ/.
Question: Mandarin has stops and affricates that are distinguished by what?
Answer: aspiration
Question: Tenuis stops have letters that are representative of English voiced consonant in what?
Answer: pinyin
Question: What kind of stops in pinyin are written with letters that representative of voiceless consonants?
Answer: aspirated stops
Question: The English language has stops and affricates distinguished by what?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In pinyin, tenuis consonants are written how?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In pinyin, unaspirated stops are written how?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is written with letter that represent voiced consonants?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What represents d?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The links between religious and political life were vital to Rome's internal governance, diplomacy and development from kingdom, to Republic and to Empire. Post-regal politics dispersed the civil and religious authority of the kings more or less equitably among the patrician elite: kingship was replaced by two annually elected consular offices. In the early Republic, as presumably in the regal era, plebeians were excluded from high religious and civil office, and could be punished for offenses against laws of which they had no knowledge. They resorted to strikes and violence to break the oppressive patrician monopolies of high office, public priesthood, and knowledge of civil and religious law. The senate appointed Camillus as dictator to handle the emergency; he negotiated a settlement, and sanctified it by the dedication of a temple to Concordia. The religious calendars and laws were eventually made public. Plebeian tribunes were appointed, with sacrosanct status and the right of veto in legislative debate. In principle, the augural and pontifical colleges were now open to plebeians. In reality, the patrician and to a lesser extent, plebeian nobility dominated religious and civil office throughout the Republican era and beyond.
Question: The link between what groups was necessary to Rome?
Answer: religious and political
Question: Where was the basic power in Rome to be found?
Answer: patrician elite
Question: What group was excluded from high offices ?
Answer: plebeians
Question: Who did the Senate select to settle a strike by the lower classes?
Answer: Camillus
Question: To whom was a temple dedicated at the settlement of the strike?
Answer: Concordia |
Context: Instead, it is often desired to have an antenna whose impedance does not vary so greatly over a certain bandwidth. It turns out that the amount of reactance seen at the terminals of a resonant antenna when the frequency is shifted, say, by 5%, depends very much on the diameter of the conductor used. A long thin wire used as a half-wave dipole (or quarter wave monopole) will have a reactance significantly greater than the resistive impedance it has at resonance, leading to a poor match and generally unacceptable performance. Making the element using a tube of a diameter perhaps 1/50 of its length, however, results in a reactance at this altered frequency which is not so great, and a much less serious mismatch which will only modestly damage the antenna's net performance. Thus rather thick tubes are typically used for the solid elements of such antennas, including Yagi-Uda arrays.
Question: What characteristic would be better if it were steady?
Answer: reactance
Question: What characteristic of the conductor changes the amount of reactance?
Answer: diameter
Question: What would be used to create a half wave or quarter wave dipole?
Answer: A long thin wire |
Context: In 1928, Laemmle, Sr. made his son, Carl, Jr. head of Universal Pictures as a 21st birthday present. Universal already had a reputation for nepotism—at one time, 70 of Carl, Sr.'s relatives were supposedly on the payroll. Many of them were nephews, resulting in Carl, Sr. being known around the studios as "Uncle Carl." Ogden Nash famously quipped in rhyme, "Uncle Carl Laemmle/Has a very large faemmle." Among these relatives was future Academy Award winning director/producer William Wyler.
Question: How many of Carl Laemmle, Sr.'s relatives were working for Universal as of 1928?
Answer: 70
Question: What was Carl Laemmle, Sr.'s nickname at Universal?
Answer: Uncle Carl
Question: What poet wrote a notable rhyme about Laemmle?
Answer: Ogden Nash
Question: At what age did Carl Laemmle, Jr. become president of Universal?
Answer: 21
Question: What Academy Award-winning director was a relative of Carl Laemmle's?
Answer: William Wyler
Question: Who become head of Universal Pictures in 1921?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many relatives of Laemmle Sr. were on the payroll in 1928?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did Nash Ogden say about Uncle Carl?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who was Wyler William related to?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The islands were occupied by a garrison of British Marines and a civilian population was gradually built up. Whalers also set up on the islands as a base for operations in the Southern Atlantic. However, the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869, together with the gradual move from sailing ships to coal-fired steam ships, increased the isolation of the islands, as they were no longer needed as a stopping port or for shelter for journeys from Europe to East Asia.
Question: what is one reason that caused the island to become less used?
Answer: the opening of the Suez Canal
Question: By who was the sailing ships occupied?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who used the islands as a base in the Northern Atlantic?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Which canal was opened in 1689?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What decreased isolation in the islands?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When was the East Asia canal opened?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Many types of sports equipment are made of wood, or were constructed of wood in the past. For example, cricket bats are typically made of white willow. The baseball bats which are legal for use in Major League Baseball are frequently made of ash wood or hickory, and in recent years have been constructed from maple even though that wood is somewhat more fragile. NBA courts have been traditionally made out of parquetry.
Question: What wood is usually used for cricket bats?
Answer: white willow
Question: Ash and hickory are often used for baseball bats to comply with the rules of what organization?
Answer: Major League Baseball
Question: What is commonly used for the basketball courts the NBA plays on?
Answer: parquetry
Question: What wood has recently started being used to make baseball bats in addition to hickory and ash?
Answer: maple
Question: Compared to hickory and ash, what adjective might be used for a maple baseball bat?
Answer: fragile |
Context: Many non-transparent-translation theories draw on concepts from German Romanticism, the most obvious influence being the German theologian and philosopher Friedrich Schleiermacher. In his seminal lecture "On the Different Methods of Translation" (1813) he distinguished between translation methods that move "the writer toward [the reader]", i.e., transparency, and those that move the "reader toward [the author]", i.e., an extreme fidelity to the foreignness of the source text. Schleiermacher favored the latter approach; he was motivated, however, not so much by a desire to embrace the foreign, as by a nationalist desire to oppose France's cultural domination and to promote German literature.
Question: Where do many non-transparent translation theories delve for concepts?
Answer: German Romanticism
Question: What nationality was Friedrich Schleiermacher?
Answer: German
Question: When did Schleiermacher publish his lecture "On the Different Methods of Translation"?
Answer: 1813
Question: Moving the writer toward the reader would be an example of what type of translation method?
Answer: transparency
Question: What method of translation did Schleiermacher favor?
Answer: extreme fidelity to the foreignness of the source text
Question: Where do no non-transparent translation theories delve for concepts?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What nationality was Friedrich Schleiermacher afraid of?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When did Schleiermacher erase his lecture "On the Different Methods of Translation"?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What type of translation method would moving the writer away from the reader be an example of?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What method of translation did Schleiermacher dislike?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: In the 1980s and early 1990s, there was a significant movement in favor of the territory becoming a commonwealth, which would give it a level of self-government similar to Puerto Rico and the Northern Mariana Islands. However, the federal government rejected the version of a commonwealth that the government of Guam proposed, due to it having clauses incompatible with the Territorial Clause (Art. IV, Sec. 3, cl. 2) of the U.S. Constitution. Other movements advocate U.S. statehood for Guam, union with the state of Hawaii, union with the Northern Mariana Islands as a single territory, or independence.
Question: What major movement occurred in Guam in the 80's and 90's?
Answer: becoming a commonwealth
Question: Why would Guam becoming a commonwealth be so important?
Answer: would give it a level of self-government similar to Puerto Rico
Question: What is the name of this U.S state that could possibly form a union with Guam?
Answer: Hawaii
Question: In what decade was union between Hawaii and Guam first brought up?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In what decade did union between Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands first start to get talked about?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In what decade was the U.S. Constitution last modified?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When did people in Guam start advocating for U.S. statehood?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: In the United States, political commentators often refer to the "red states", which traditionally vote for Republican candidates in presidential elections, and "blue states", which vote for the Democratic candidate. This convention is relatively recent: before the 2000 presidential election, media outlets assigned red and blue to both parties, sometimes alternating the allocation for each election. Fixed usage was established during the 39-day recount following the 2000 election, when the media began to discuss the contest in terms of "red states" versus "blue states".
Question: In the USA red states are known to do what, in terms of politics?
Answer: vote for Republican candidates in presidential elections
Question: In the United States states that vote for Democratic presidential candidates are known as what?
Answer: blue states
Question: How many days did the recount after the 2000 US election last for?
Answer: 39
Question: In what year did the concept of red and blue states become relatively fixed?
Answer: 2000
Question: In 2000, what did commentators refer to as blue states?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What lasted 93 days in 2000?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What happened in 2000 causing a 93 day ordeal?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The West Campus is located about one mile (1.6 km) to the west of the Danforth Campus in Clayton, Missouri, and primarily consists of a four-story former department store building housing mostly administrative space. The West Campus building was home to the Clayton branch of the Famous-Barr department store until 1990, when the University acquired the property and adjacent parking and began a series of renovations. Today, the basement level houses the West Campus Library, the University Archives, the Modern Graphic History Library, and conference space. The ground level still remains a retail space. The upper floors house consolidated capital gifts, portions of alumni and development, and information systems offices from across the Danforth and Medical School campuses. There is also a music rehearsal room on the second floor. The West Campus is also home to the Center for the Application of Information Technologies (CAIT), which provides IT training services.
Question: Where is the West Campus of Washington University located?
Answer: Clayton, Missouri
Question: What was previously located at the West Campus of Washington University?
Answer: the Clayton branch of the Famous-Barr department store
Question: When did the university acquire the property for the West Campus?
Answer: 1990
Question: What is located in the basement level of the West Campus?
Answer: the West Campus Library, the University Archives, the Modern Graphic History Library, and conference space
Question: What department located at the West Campus provides IT services?
Answer: Center for the Application of Information Technologies (CAIT)
Question: On what floor are the information system offices?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In what city is the Danforth Campus?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In what year did the Famous-Barr department store but a location in Clayton, Missouri?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: On what floor is capital gifts?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: On what floor is portions of alumni and development?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: By 390 BC, several Gallic tribes were invading Italy from the north as their culture expanded throughout Europe. The Romans were alerted to this when a particularly warlike tribe invaded two Etruscan towns close to Rome's sphere of influence. These towns, overwhelmed by the enemy's numbers and ferocity, called on Rome for help. The Romans met the Gauls in pitched battle at the Battle of Allia River around 390–387 BC. The Gauls, led by chieftain Brennus, defeated the Roman army of approximately 15,000 troops, pursued the fleeing Romans back to Rome, and sacked the city before being either driven off or bought off. Romans and Gauls continued to war intermittently in Italy for more than two centuries.[relevant? – discuss]
Question: When did the Battle of Allia River approximately end?
Answer: 387 BC
Question: How many of the Roman military were involved in the Battle of Allia River?
Answer: 15,000 troops
Question: Where did the Romans attempt to escape to after their loss against the Gauls?
Answer: Rome
Question: What is the name of the chieftan who led his army to victory in the Battle of Allia River?
Answer: Brennus
Question: Who asked Rome for assistance after being overburdened by their enemies?
Answer: two Etruscan towns |
Context: Beginning several centuries ago, during the period of the Ottoman Empire, tens of thousands of Black Africans were brought by slave traders to plantations and agricultural areas situated between Antalya and Istanbul in present-day Turkey. Some of their descendants remained in situ, and many migrated to larger cities and towns. Other blacks slaves were transported to Crete, from where they or their descendants later reached the İzmir area through the population exchange between Greece and Turkey in 1923, or indirectly from Ayvalık in pursuit of work.
Question: When did the slave trade begin?
Answer: during the period of the Ottoman Empire
Question: Where were the slaves brought?
Answer: Antalya and Istanbul in present-day Turkey
Question: Where did former slaves go for work once freed?
Answer: İzmir area
Question: What year did they begin to migrate to Izmir?
Answer: 1923 |
Context: In signal processing, data compression, source coding, or bit-rate reduction involves encoding information using fewer bits than the original representation. Compression can be either lossy or lossless. Lossless compression reduces bits by identifying and eliminating statistical redundancy. No information is lost in lossless compression. Lossy compression reduces bits by identifying unnecessary information and removing it. The process of reducing the size of a data file is referred to as data compression. In the context of data transmission, it is called source coding (encoding done at the source of the data before it is stored or transmitted) in opposition to channel coding.
Question: What involves encoding information using fewer bits than the original representation?
Answer: data compression
Question: What can be either lossy or lossless?
Answer: Compression
Question: What reduces bits by identifying and eliminating statistical redundancy?
Answer: Lossless compression
Question: What is the process called of reducing the size of a data file?
Answer: data compression
Question: What is the process called of encoding at the source of the data before it's processed?
Answer: source coding
Question: What involves encoding information using fewer bits than the channel coding?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What can not be lossy or lossless?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What reduces bits by identifying and eliminating source coding?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is the process called of reducing the size of a lossless?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: In June, the fleets transported the Allied expeditionary forces to Varna, in support of the Ottoman operations on the Danube; in September they again transported the armies, this time to the Crimea. The Russian fleet during this time declined to engage the allies, preferring to maintain a "fleet in being"; this strategy failed when Sevastopol, the main port and where most of the Black Sea fleet was based, came under siege. The Russians were reduced to scuttling their warships as blockships, after stripping them of their guns and men to reinforce batteries on shore. During the siege, the Russians lost four 110- or 120-gun, three-decker ships of the line, twelve 84-gun two-deckers and four 60-gun frigates in the Black Sea, plus a large number of smaller vessels. During the rest of the campaign the allied fleets remained in control of the Black Sea, ensuring the various fronts were kept supplied.
Question: Where was the port where most of the Black Sea fleet was located?
Answer: Sevastopol
Question: What did the Russians turn their warships into?
Answer: blockships
Question: Why did the Russians strip their warships of their guns?
Answer: to reinforce batteries on shore
Question: How many 60-gun frigates did the Russians lose in the Black Sea?
Answer: four
Question: How many 84-gun two-deckers did the Russians lose in the Black Sea?
Answer: twelve |
Context: Early work in molecular genetics suggested the model that one gene makes one protein. This model has been refined since the discovery of genes that can encode multiple proteins by alternative splicing and coding sequences split in short section across the genome whose mRNAs are concatenated by trans-splicing.
Question: What model did early work in molecular genetics suggest?
Answer: the model that one gene makes one protein.
Question: What discovery caused the model that one gene makes one protein to be refined?
Answer: the discovery of genes that can encode multiple proteins
Question: How do genes encode multiple proteins?
Answer: by alternative splicing and coding sequences
Question: How are alternative splicing and coding sequences distributed?
Answer: split in short section across the genome
Question: In order for a gene to encode multiple proteins, how must its mRNAs be arranged?
Answer: concatenated by trans-splicing. |
Context: According to Tilmann Vetter, the core of earliest Buddhism is the practice of dhyāna. Bronkhorst agrees that dhyana was a Buddhist invention, whereas Norman notes that "the Buddha's way to release [...] was by means of meditative practices." Discriminating insight into transiency as a separate path to liberation was a later development.
Question: What was the earliest Buddhism type?
Answer: dhyana
Question: Buddha's way to release was by means of what type of practices?
Answer: meditative |
Context: The Dominican Order came into being in the Middle Ages at a time when religion began to be contemplated in a new way. Men of God were no longer expected to stay behind the walls of a cloister. Instead, they travelled among the people, taking as their examples the apostles of the primitive Church. Out of this ideal emerged two orders of mendicant friars: one, the Friars Minor, was led by Francis of Assisi; the other, the Friars Preachers, by Dominic of Guzman. Like his contemporary, Francis, Dominic saw the need for a new type of organization, and the quick growth of the Dominicans and Franciscans during their first century of existence confirms that the orders of mendicant friars met a need.
Question: During the Middle Ages, who was no longer expected to stay behind walls away from the common man?
Answer: Men of God
Question: How many orders of mendicant friars came out of the Middle Ages?
Answer: two
Question: Who led the Friars Minor order at this time?
Answer: Francis of Assisi
Question: Dominic of Guzman led what order of mendicant friars?
Answer: the Friars Preachers
Question: What two groups grew quickly during the Middle Ages?
Answer: the Dominicans and Franciscans
Question: What was not occurring when the Dominican Order came into being in the Middle Ages?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What were Men of God expected to stay behind?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many orders of mendicant friars did not come out of the Middle Ages?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who led the Friars Major order at this time?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who led the Friars Teachers order at this time?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Among Peirce's major contributions was to place inductive reasoning and deductive reasoning in a complementary rather than competitive mode, the latter of which had been the primary trend among the educated since David Hume wrote a century before. To this, Peirce added the concept of abductive reasoning. The combined three forms of reasoning serve as a primary conceptual foundation for the empirically based scientific method today. Peirce's approach "presupposes that (1) the objects of knowledge are real things, (2) the characters (properties) of real things do not depend on our perceptions of them, and (3) everyone who has sufficient experience of real things will agree on the truth about them. According to Peirce's doctrine of fallibilism, the conclusions of science are always tentative. The rationality of the scientific method does not depend on the certainty of its conclusions, but on its self-corrective character: by continued application of the method science can detect and correct its own mistakes, and thus eventually lead to the discovery of truth".
Question: How long before Peirce did Hume write?
Answer: a century
Question: How did Peirce view inductive vs deductive reasoning?
Answer: complementary
Question: How did Hume view inductive vs deductive reasoning?
Answer: competitive
Question: What did fallibilism say?
Answer: the conclusions of science are always tentative
Question: What does the scientific method's rationality depend on?
Answer: its self-corrective character
Question: When was abductive reasoning added?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When was the doctrine of fallibilism published?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who said the doctrines of science are always definitive?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Why does the scientific method rely on its certainty?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: 20th Street starts at Avenue C, and 21st and 22nd Streets begin at First Avenue. They all end at Eleventh Avenue. Travel on the last block of the 20th, 21st and 22nd Streets, between Tenth and Eleventh Avenues, is in the opposite direction than it is on the rest of the respective street. 20th Street is very wide from the Avenue C to First Avenue.
Question: Where does 10th Street start?
Answer: Avenue C
Question: At which Avenue do 21st and 22nd Streets begin?
Answer: First
Question: What is different about 20th Street between Avenue C and First Avenue?
Answer: very wide
Question: Which street is much wider from Avenue C to First Avenue?
Answer: 20th Street
Question: How does traffic travel on the last block of the 20th, 21st, and 22nd Streets?
Answer: in the opposite direction |
Context: Based on earlier transmitted reports, in the year 632, after the demise of Muhammad a number of his companions who knew the Quran by heart were killed in a battle by Musaylimah, the first caliph Abu Bakr (d. 634) decided to collect the book in one volume so that it could be preserved. Zayd ibn Thabit (d. 655) was the person to collect the Quran since "he used to write the Divine Inspiration for Allah's Apostle". Thus, a group of scribes, most importantly Zayd, collected the verses and produced a hand-written manuscript of the complete book. The manuscript according to Zayd remained with Abu Bakr until he died. Zayd's reaction to the task and the difficulties in collecting the Quranic material from parchments, palm-leaf stalks, thin stones and from men who knew it by heart is recorded in earlier narratives. After Abu Bakr, Hafsa bint Umar, Muhammad's widow, was entrusted with the manuscript. In about 650, the third Caliph Uthman ibn Affan (d. 656) began noticing slight differences in pronunciation of the Quran as Islam expanded beyond the Arabian Peninsula into Persia, the Levant, and North Africa. In order to preserve the sanctity of the text, he ordered a committee headed by Zayd to use Abu Bakr's copy and prepare a standard copy of the Quran. Thus, within 20 years of Muhammad's death, the Quran was committed to written form. That text became the model from which copies were made and promulgated throughout the urban centers of the Muslim world, and other versions are believed to have been destroyed. The present form of the Quran text is accepted by Muslim scholars to be the original version compiled by Abu Bakr.
Question: Which caliph decided to preserve the Quran as a single book after some of Muhammad's companions were killed in battle?
Answer: Abu Bakr
Question: Which scribe led the production of the first written Quran?
Answer: Zayd ibn Thabit
Question: In which year did Abu Bakr die?
Answer: 634
Question: Who took possession of the first Quran manuscript after Abu Bakr?
Answer: Hafsa bint Umar
Question: Which caliph ordered the Quran manuscript copied and standardized?
Answer: Uthman ibn Affan
Question: Which caliph decided to preserve the Quran as a single book after some of Muhammad's companions were saved in battle?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Which scribe led the production of the last written Quran?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In which year did Abu Bakr survive?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who took possession of the last Quran manuscript after Abu Bakr?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Which caliph ordered the Quran manuscript copied and destroyed?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The modern petroleum industry started in 1846 with the discovery of the process of refining kerosene from coal by Nova Scotian Abraham Pineo Gesner. Ignacy Łukasiewicz improved Gesner's method to develop a means of refining kerosene from the more readily available "rock oil" ("petr-oleum") seeps in 1852 and the first rock oil mine was built in Bóbrka, near Krosno in Galicia in the following year. In 1854, Benjamin Silliman, a science professor at Yale University in New Haven, was the first to fractionate petroleum by distillation. These discoveries rapidly spread around the world.
Question: When did the modern petroleum industry start?
Answer: 1846
Question: What started the modern petroleum industry ?
Answer: the discovery of the process of refining kerosene from coal
Question: Who discovered the process of refining kerosene from coal?
Answer: Nova Scotian Abraham Pineo Gesner
Question: Who improved Gesner's of refining kerosene from coal?
Answer: Ignacy Łukasiewicz
Question: Where was the first Rock Oil mine built?
Answer: Bóbrka |
Context: The top 10 contestants started with five males and five females, however, the males were eliminated consecutively in the first five weeks, with Lazaro Arbos the last male to be eliminated. For the first time in the show's history, the top 5 contestants were all female. It was also the first time that the judges' "save" was not used, the top four contestants were therefore given an extra week to perform again with their votes carried over with no elimination in the first week.
Question: How many girls were in the top 10 on season 12 of American Idol?
Answer: five
Question: Who was the last guy to be sent home on season 12 of American Idol?
Answer: Lazaro Arbos
Question: How many contestants did this season have?
Answer: 10
Question: How many weeks in a row were male contestants eliminated?
Answer: five
Question: Who as the last man to be eliminated?
Answer: Lazaro Arbos
Question: How many contestants were able to perform for two weeks without any eliminations?
Answer: four |
Context: The Latin alphabet of the time still lacked the letters ⟨j⟩ and ⟨w⟩, and there was no ⟨v⟩ as distinct from ⟨u⟩; moreover native Old English spellings did not use ⟨k⟩, ⟨q⟩ or ⟨z⟩. The remaining 20 Latin letters were supplemented by four more: ⟨æ⟩ (æsc, modern ash) and ⟨ð⟩ (ðæt, now called eth or edh), which were modified Latin letters, and thorn ⟨þ⟩ and wynn ⟨ƿ⟩, which are borrowings from the futhorc. A few letter pairs were used as digraphs, representing a single sound. Also used was the Tironian note ⟨⁊⟩ (a character similar to the digit 7) for the conjunction and, and a thorn with a crossbar through the ascender for the pronoun þæt. Macrons over vowels were originally used not to mark long vowels (as in modern editions), but to indicate stress, or as abbreviations for a following m or n.
Question: When the Latin alphabet was introduced to Old English, what letter was the same as v?
Answer: u
Question: Along with k and z, what Latin letter was not used in Old English?
Answer: q
Question: What is the term for the letter þ?
Answer: thorn
Question: What number was the Tironian note visually similar to?
Answer: ƿ
Question: What was the term for the letter ƿ?
Answer: wynn
Question: What was originally used to mark long vowels?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What were most letter pairs used for?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The British government was close to bankruptcy, and Britain now faced the delicate task of pacifying its new French-Canadian subjects as well as the many American Indian tribes who had supported France. George III's Proclamation of 1763, which forbade white settlement beyond the crest of the Appalachians, was intended to appease the latter but led to considerable outrage in the Thirteen Colonies, whose inhabitants were eager to acquire native lands. The Quebec Act of 1774, similarly intended to win over the loyalty of French Canadians, also spurred resentment among American colonists. The act protected Catholic religion and French language, which enraged the Americans, but the Québécois remained loyal and did not rebel.
Question: Who was George III trying to please with the Proclamation of 1763?
Answer: American Indian tribes
Question: Who was aggravated by the Proclamation of 1763?
Answer: outrage in the Thirteen Colonies, whose inhabitants were eager to acquire native lands
Question: Who did George III try to please with the Quebec Act of 1774?
Answer: French Canadians
Question: How did the Quebec Act of 1774 affect religion?
Answer: The act protected Catholic religion
Question: What did the Quebec Act of 1774 do about language?
Answer: The act protected Catholic religion and French language |
Context: Most of the subcontinent was conquered by the Maurya Empire during the 4th and 3rd centuries BCE. From the 3rd century BC onwards Prakrit and Pali literature in the north and the Sangam literature in southern India started to flourish. Wootz steel originated in south India in the 3rd century BC and was exported to foreign countries. Various parts of India were ruled by numerous dynasties for the next 1,500 years, among which the Gupta Empire stands out. This period, witnessing a Hindu religious and intellectual resurgence, is known as the classical or "Golden Age of India". During this period, aspects of Indian civilization, administration, culture, and religion (Hinduism and Buddhism) spread to much of Asia, while kingdoms in southern India had maritime business links with the Roman Empire from around 77 CE. Indian cultural influence spread over many parts of Southeast Asia which led to the establishment of Indianized kingdoms in Southeast Asia (Greater India).
Question: What empire conquered most of the subcontinent in the 3rd and 4th centuries BC?
Answer: Maurya Empire
Question: After the 3rd century BC, what style of literature grew in northern area of the subcontinent?
Answer: Prakrit and Pali
Question: What form of metal was developed and exported from southern India?
Answer: Wootz steel
Question: What was the period following 3rd century BC and extending 1500 years called?
Answer: Golden Age of India
Question: What was the foremost dynasty of the the Golden Age period?
Answer: Gupta |
Context: In classical physics, an inertial reference frame is one in which an object that experiences no forces does not accelerate. In general relativity, an inertial frame of reference is one that is following a geodesic of space-time. An object that moves against a geodesic experiences a force. An object in free fall does not experience a force, because it is following a geodesic. An object standing on the earth, however, will experience a force, as it is being held against the geodesic by the surface of the planet. In light of this, the bucket of water rotating in empty space will experience a force because it rotates with respect to the geodesic. The water will become concave, not because it is rotating with respect to the distant stars, but because it is rotating with respect to the geodesic.
Question: In classical physics, an inertial reference frame is one in which an object without force does what?
Answer: does not accelerate
Question: What follows a geodesic of space-time?
Answer: an inertial frame of reference
Question: An object in free fall does not experience what?
Answer: force
Question: What holds an object standing on earth against the geodesic?
Answer: the surface of the planet
Question: Why will water become concave, according to the relativity theory?
Answer: it is rotating with respect to the geodesic.
Question: What kind of frame includes objects that do not accelerate when force in applied to them?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What does an external frame of refrence follow?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is not experienced by objects moving against a geodesic?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is an object in free fall moving against?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is experienced by objects in free-fall?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Finance proved a major problem for the Labour Party during this period; a "cash for peerages" scandal under Blair resulted in the drying up of many major sources of donations. Declining party membership, partially due to the reduction of activists' influence upon policy-making under the reforms of Neil Kinnock and Blair, also contributed to financial problems. Between January and March 2008, the Labour Party received just over £3 million in donations and were £17 million in debt; compared to the Conservatives' £6 million in donations and £12 million in debt.
Question: How much in contributions did the Labour party get from January to Marrch 2008?
Answer: £3 million
Question: How far was the party in debt for the same time period?
Answer: £17 million
Question: How far was the Conservative party in debt?
Answer: £12 million
Question: What was not a major problem for the Labour Party during this period?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Why did party membership increase?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When did the Labour Party receive 6 million in donations?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When was the Conservative party 17 million in debt?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who increased the influence of activists?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The single most important piece of Byzantine Christian mosaic art in the East is the Madaba Map, made between 542 and 570 as the floor of the church of Saint George at Madaba, Jordan. It was rediscovered in 1894. The Madaba Map is the oldest surviving cartographic depiction of the Holy Land. It depicts an area from Lebanon in the north to the Nile Delta in the south, and from the Mediterranean Sea in the west to the Eastern Desert. The largest and most detailed element of the topographic depiction is Jerusalem, at the center of the map. The map is enriched with many naturalistic features, like animals, fishing boats, bridges and palm trees
Question: What is the most important mosaic piece built by Byzantine Christians?
Answer: the Madaba Map
Question: When was the the Madaba Map made?
Answer: between 542 and 570
Question: Where is the church of Saint George?
Answer: Madaba, Jordan
Question: When was the Madaba Map rediscovered?
Answer: 1894
Question: The Madaba Map depicts as far South as the Nile delta, and as far North as what country?
Answer: Lebanon |
Context: Meanwhile, Le Verrier by letter urged Berlin Observatory astronomer Johann Gottfried Galle to search with the observatory's refractor. Heinrich d'Arrest, a student at the observatory, suggested to Galle that they could compare a recently drawn chart of the sky in the region of Le Verrier's predicted location with the current sky to seek the displacement characteristic of a planet, as opposed to a fixed star. On the evening of 23 September 1846, the day Galle received the letter, he discovered Neptune within 1° of where Le Verrier had predicted it to be, about 12° from Adams' prediction. Challis later realised that he had observed the planet twice, on 4 and 12 August, but did not recognise it as a planet because he lacked an up-to-date star map and was distracted by his concurrent work on comet observations.
Question: Who was Henrich d'Arrest?
Answer: student at the observatory
Question: What did Henrich d'Arrest seek to find?
Answer: the displacement characteristic of a planet
Question: When did Galle discover Neptune?
Answer: 23 September 1846
Question: How many degrees off was Adams' prediction?
Answer: 12°
Question: What was Challis looking for when he saw Neptune the first two times?
Answer: comet observations
Question: Who urged Le Verrier to search with the observatory refractor?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did Galle suggest to Heinrich d'Arrest?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who discovered Nepptune in the 18th century?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was within 10 degrees of where Le Verrier predicted it would be?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When was Le Verrier born?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When did Le Verrier die?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What didn't Henrich d'Arrest seek to find?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was 15 degrees away?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was Challis looking for when he saw Uranus the first two times?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Olin has a network of more than 16,000 alumni worldwide. Over the last several years, the school’s endowment has increased to $213 million (2004) and annual gifts average $12 million per year.[citation needed] Simon Hall was opened in 1986 after a donation from John E. Simon. On May 2, 2014, the $90 million conjoined Knight and Bauer Halls were dedicated, following a $15 million gift from Charles F. Knight and Joanne Knight and a $10 million gift from George and Carol Bauer through the Bauer Foundation.
Question: How many alumni does Olin Business School have worldwide?
Answer: more than 16,000 alumni
Question: What is the amount of Olin Business School's endowment as of 2004?
Answer: $213 million
Question: When was Simon Hall opened?
Answer: 1986
Question: Who provided the donation that enabled the opening Simon Hall?
Answer: John E. Simon
Question: When were Knight and Bauer Halls dedicated?
Answer: May 2, 2014
Question: How much money did John E. Simon donate?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In what year was the Bauer Foundation established?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How much did Simon Hall cost to build?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How much did the Knight Hall cost to build?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How much did the Bauer Hall cost to build?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The Philadelphia County Court of Common Pleas (First Judicial District) is the trial court of general jurisdiction for Philadelphia, hearing felony-level criminal cases and civil suits above the minimum jurisdictional limit of $7000 (excepting small claims cases valued between $7000 and $12000 and landlord-tenant issues heard in the Municipal Court) under its original jurisdiction; it also has appellate jurisdiction over rulings from the Municipal and Traffic Courts and over decisions of certain Pennsylvania state agencies (e.g. the Pennsylvania Liquor Control Board). It has 90 legally trained judges elected by the voters. It is funded and operated largely by city resources and employees. The current District Attorney is Seth Williams, a Democrat. The last Republican to hold the office is Ron Castille, who left in 1991 and is currently the Chief Justice of the Pennsylvania Supreme Court.
Question: What is the main trial court called?
Answer: The Philadelphia County Court of Common Pleas (First Judicial District)
Question: What type of cases are heard here?
Answer: felony-level criminal cases and civil suits above the minimum jurisdictional limit of $7000
Question: How are judges appointed?
Answer: elected by the voters
Question: Who was the last Republican DA?
Answer: Ron Castille |
Context: Detroit has a Mexican-American population. In the early 20th century thousands of Mexicans came to Detroit to work in agricultural, automotive, and steel jobs. During the Mexican Repatriation of the 1930s many Mexicans in Detroit were willingly repatriated or forced to repatriate. By the 1940s the Mexican community began to settle what is now Mexicantown. The population significantly increased in the 1990s due to immigration from Jalisco. In 2010 Detroit had 48,679 Hispanics, including 36,452 Mexicans. The number of Hispanics was a 70% increase from the number in 1990.
Question: When did Mexicantown start to grow?
Answer: 1940s
Question: What was Detroit's 2010 Hispanic population?
Answer: 48,679
Question: What was Detroit's 2010 Mexican population?
Answer: 36,452
Question: What was it called when many Mexican's were forcibly repatriated?
Answer: Mexican Repatriation of the 1930s |
Context: Insects have segmented bodies supported by exoskeletons, the hard outer covering made mostly of chitin. The segments of the body are organized into three distinctive but interconnected units, or tagmata: a head, a thorax and an abdomen. The head supports a pair of sensory antennae, a pair of compound eyes, and, if present, one to three simple eyes (or ocelli) and three sets of variously modified appendages that form the mouthparts. The thorax has six segmented legs—one pair each for the prothorax, mesothorax and the metathorax segments making up the thorax—and, none, two or four wings. The abdomen consists of eleven segments, though in a few species of insects, these segments may be fused together or reduced in size. The abdomen also contains most of the digestive, respiratory, excretory and reproductive internal structures.:22–48 Considerable variation and many adaptations in the body parts of insects occur, especially wings, legs, antenna and mouthparts.
Question: What kind of bodies to insects have?
Answer: segmented bodies
Question: Insects bodies are supported by what?
Answer: exoskeletons
Question: Chitin is what kind of outer covering on an insect?
Answer: hard
Question: An insect's body is divided into what kind of units?
Answer: interconnected
Question: What is an insects head, throat, and abdomen called?
Answer: tagmata |
Context: Modern Chinese has many homophones; thus the same spoken syllable may be represented by many characters, depending on meaning. A single character may also have a range of meanings, or sometimes quite distinct meanings; occasionally these correspond to different pronunciations. Cognates in the several varieties of Chinese are generally written with the same character. They typically have similar meanings, but often quite different pronunciations. In other languages, most significantly today in Japanese and sometimes in Korean, characters are used to represent Chinese loanwords, to represent native words independent of the Chinese pronunciation, and as purely phonetic elements based on their pronunciation in the historical variety of Chinese from which they were acquired. These foreign adaptations of Chinese pronunciation are known as Sino-Xenic pronunciations, and have been useful in the reconstruction of Middle Chinese.
Question: What has many homophones?
Answer: Modern Chinese
Question: What may have a wide range of meanings?
Answer: single character
Question: What have been beneficial in the reconstruction of Middle Chinese?
Answer: Sino-Xenic pronunciations |
Context: On 17th Street (40°44′08″N 73°59′12″W / 40.735532°N 73.986575°W / 40.735532; -73.986575), traffic runs one way along the street, from east to west excepting the stretch between Broadway and Park Avenue South, where traffic runs in both directions. It forms the northern borders of both Union Square (between Broadway and Park Avenue South) and Stuyvesant Square. Composer Antonín Dvořák's New York home was located at 327 East 17th Street, near Perlman Place. The house was razed by Beth Israel Medical Center after it received approval of a 1991 application to demolish the house and replace it with an AIDS hospice. Time Magazine was started at 141 East 17th Street.
Question: What is unusual about the traffic between Broadway and Park Avenue South on 17th Street?
Answer: runs in both directions
Question: Does traffic on 17th Street generally run one way or two ways?
Answer: one way
Question: What was the job of the person who lived at 327 East 17th Street?
Answer: Composer
Question: Where was Time Magazine started?
Answer: 141 East 17th Street
Question: What was Antonin Dvorak's New York home replaced with after it was demolished?
Answer: AIDS hospice |
Context: On April 1, 2008, the San Francisco Board of Supervisors approved a resolution addressing human rights concerns when the Beijing Olympic torch arrives in San Francisco on April 9. The resolution would welcome the torch with "alarm and protest at the failure of China to meet its past solemn promises to the international community, including the citizens of San Francisco, to cease the egregious and ongoing human rights abuses in China and occupied Tibet." On April 8, numerous protests were planned including one at the city's United Nations Plaza led by actor Richard Gere and Archbishop Desmond Tutu.
Question: Who approved a resolution concerning human rights on April 1, 2008?
Answer: San Francisco Board of Supervisors
Question: The concern was over what in China and Tibet?
Answer: human rights abuses
Question: What date was the protest which was led by Gere and Tutu?
Answer: April 8
Question: When was a resolution agreed to about Chinese human rights issues in San Francisco?
Answer: April 1, 2008
Question: Who approved the resolution?
Answer: San Francisco Board of Supervisors
Question: Where was a protest planned in San Francisco?
Answer: United Nations Plaza
Question: What actor was scheduled to attend a San Francisco Olympic protest?
Answer: Richard Gere |
Context: Football and cycling are the most popular sports in Eritrea. In recent years, Eritrean athletes have also seen increasing success in the international arena. Zersenay Tadese, an Eritrean athlete, currently holds the world record in half marathon distance running. The Tour of Eritrea, a multi-stage international cycling event, is held annually throughout the country. The Eritrea national cycling team has experienced a lot of success, winning the continental cycling championship several years in a row. Six Eritrean riders have been signed to international cycling teams, including Natnael Berhane and Daniel Teklehaimanot. Berhane was named African Sportsman of the Year in 2013, ahead of footballers Yaya Touré and Didier Drogba, while Teklehaimanot became the first Eritrean to ride the Vuelta a España in 2012. In 2015 Teklehaimanot won the King of the Mountains classification in the Critérium du Dauphine. Teklehaimanot and fellow Eritrean Merhawi Kudus became the first black African riders to compete in the Tour de France when they were selected by the MTN–Qhubeka team for the 2015 edition of the race, where, on 9 July, Teklehaimanot became the first African rider to wear the polkadot jersey.
Question: What are the most popular sports in Eritrea?
Answer: Football and cycling
Question: What world record is held by Eritrean athlete Zersenay Tadese?
Answer: half marathon distance running
Question: What is the name of the multi-stage international cycling event held throughout Eritrea?
Answer: Tour of Eritrea
Question: Who became the first black African riders to compete in the Tour de France?
Answer: Teklehaimanot and fellow Eritrean Merhawi Kudus
Question: Who became the first Eritrean to ride the Vuelta a Espana in 2012?
Answer: Daniel Teklehaimanot
Question: Who won the last Tour of Eritrea?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who is one of the members of the Eritrea national cycling team?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What football team does Didier Drogba play for?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was Merhawi Kudus wearing at the end of the 2015 Tour de France?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who won the 2012 Vuelta a Espana?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Nearly all beer includes barley malt as the majority of the starch. This is because its fibrous hull remains attached to the grain during threshing. After malting, barley is milled, which finally removes the hull, breaking it into large pieces. These pieces remain with the grain during the mash, and act as a filter bed during lautering, when sweet wort is separated from insoluble grain material. Other malted and unmalted grains (including wheat, rice, oats, and rye, and less frequently, corn and sorghum) may be used. Some brewers have produced gluten-free beer, made with sorghum with no barley malt, for those who cannot consume gluten-containing grains like wheat, barley, and rye.
Question: What is the main source of starch and most beer?
Answer: barley malt
Question: At what point does barley have it's hull broken up into pieces?
Answer: After malting
Question: What takes the place of barley malt in gluten-free beer?
Answer: sorghum
Question: When is sweet wort separated during the brewing process?
Answer: during lautering
Question: Aside from barley, what is a another product founded beer that might contain gluten?
Answer: wheat
Question: What does all beer include as the majority of malt?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is done to the barley after it is milled?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What do the remaining grain pieces act as during lautering?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is the beer containing wheat, barley, and rye called when made with sorghum as well?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The first English coffeehouse opened in Oxford in 1650. Brian Cowan said that Oxford coffeehouses developed into "penny universities", offering a locus of learning that was less formal than structured institutions. These penny universities occupied a significant position in Oxford academic life, as they were frequented by those consequently referred to as the "virtuosi", who conducted their research on some of the resulting premises. According to Cowan, "the coffeehouse was a place for like-minded scholars to congregate, to read, as well as learn from and to debate with each other, but was emphatically not a university institution, and the discourse there was of a far different order than any university tutorial."
Question: Where did the first English coffeehouse open in 1650?
Answer: Oxford
Question: According to Brian Cowan, was learning more or less formal in coffehouses as opposed to private institutions?
Answer: less
Question: What term did Brian Cowan give Oxford coffeehouses?
Answer: penny universities |
Context: Street parking in urban neighborhoods is mostly controlled by the franeleros a.k.a. "viene vienes" (lit. "come on, come on"), who ask drivers for a fee to park, in theory to guard the car, but with the implicit threat that the franelero will damage the car if the fee is not paid. Double parking is common (with franeleros moving the cars as required), impeding on the available lanes for traffic to pass. In order to mitigate that and other problems and to raise revenue, 721 parking meters (as of October 2013), have been installed in the west-central neighborhoods Lomas de Chapultepec, Condesa, Roma, Polanco and Anzures, in operation from 8 AM to 8 PM on weekdays and charging a rate of 2 pesos per 15 minutes, with offenders' cars booted, costing about 500 pesos to remove. 30 percent of the monthly 16 million-peso (as of October 2013) income from the parking-meter system (named "ecoParq") is earmarked for neighborhood improvements. The granting of the license for all zones exclusively to a new company without experience in operating parking meters, Operadora de Estacionamientos Bicentenario, has generated controversy.
Question: What is the name of the parking meter system in Mexico City?
Answer: ecoParq
Question: Who operates the parking meters?
Answer: Operadora de Estacionamientos Bicentenario
Question: How much money a month do the parking meters bring in?
Answer: 16 million-peso
Question: What are the hours of Mexico City Parking meters?
Answer: 8 AM to 8 PM
Question: How many parking meters were installed as of October 2013?
Answer: 721 |
Context: Of numerous relationships between male slaveholders, overseers, or master's sons and women slaves, the most notable is likely that of President Thomas Jefferson with his slave Sally Hemings. As noted in the 2012 collaborative Smithsonian-Monticello exhibit, Slavery at Monticello: The Paradox of Liberty, Jefferson, then a widower, took Hemings as his concubine for nearly 40 years. They had six children of record; four Hemings children survived into adulthood, and he freed them all, among the very few slaves he freed. Two were allowed to "escape" to the North in 1822, and two were granted freedom by his will upon his death in 1826. Seven-eighths white by ancestry, all four of his Hemings children moved to northern states as adults; three of the four entered the white community, and all their descendants identified as white. Of the descendants of Madison Hemings, who continued to identify as black, some in future generations eventually identified as white and "married out", while others continued to identify as African American. It was socially advantageous for the Hemings children to identify as white, in keeping with their appearance and the majority proportion of their ancestry. Although born into slavery, the Hemings children were legally white under Virginia law of the time.
Question: President Thomas Jefferson had a relationship with who?
Answer: Sally Hemings
Question: What was the name of the Smithsonian-Monticello exhibit that discussed their relationship?
Answer: Slavery at Monticello: The Paradox of Liberty
Question: How long were Jefferson and Hemmings in a relationship?
Answer: nearly 40 years
Question: Which child of Jefferson identified as black?
Answer: Madison Hemings
Question: How much of the children of Jefferson and Hemmings were white?
Answer: Seven-eighths
Question: What slave did George Washington have a relationship with?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How long were Washington and Hemings in a relationship for?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many of the Hemings children moved to the south?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was it socially disadvantageous for the Hemings children to do?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who was legally black under Virginia law at the time?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The Syrte Agreement in February and the Birao Peace Agreement in April 2007 called for a cessation of hostilities, the billeting of FDPC fighters and their integration with FACA, the liberation of political prisoners, integration of FDPC into government, an amnesty for the UFDR, its recognition as a political party, and the integration of its fighters into the national army. Several groups continued to fight but other groups signed on to the agreement, or similar agreements with the government (e.g. UFR on 15 December 2008). The only major group not to sign an agreement at the time was the CPJP, which continued its activities and signed a peace agreement with the government on 25 August 2012.
Question: What agreement called for the stop of Hostilities?
Answer: Syrte Agreement
Question: What did the Birao Peace Agreement call for?
Answer: the liberation of political prisoners
Question: What major group did not sign the peace agreement immediately?
Answer: CPJP
Question: When did the CPJP finally sign the peace agreement?
Answer: 25 August 2012
Question: When was the Birao Peace Agreement signed?
Answer: April 2007
Question: When did the FDPC continue its activities but also sign a peace agreement?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is one thing the UFDR agreement in February called for?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is the name of the agreement that came before the FACA agreement in April 2007?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When the CPJP continued to fight, what did other groups do?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is one thing the FACA peace agreement called for when signed in April 2007?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The climate of Western Alaska is determined in large part by the Bering Sea and the Gulf of Alaska. It is a subarctic oceanic climate in the southwest and a continental subarctic climate farther north. The temperature is somewhat moderate considering how far north the area is. This region has a tremendous amount of variety in precipitation. An area stretching from the northern side of the Seward Peninsula to the Kobuk River valley (i. e., the region around Kotzebue Sound) is technically a desert, with portions receiving less than 10 in (25 cm) of precipitation annually. On the other extreme, some locations between Dillingham and Bethel average around 100 in (250 cm) of precipitation.
Question: What two bodies of water influene the climate in Western Alaska?
Answer: Bering Sea and the Gulf of Alaska
Question: Is precipitation varied or uniform in Western Alaska?
Answer: tremendous amount of variety
Question: Which area of Western Alaska is techincally a desert?
Answer: the region around Kotzebue Sound
Question: How much precipitation does the desert area of Western Alaska receive?
Answer: less than 10 in (25 cm) of precipitation annually
Question: What three bodies of water influene the climate in Western Alaska?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What two bodies of water influene the climate in Eastern Alaska?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Is precipitation varied or uniform in Eastern Alaska?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Which area of Eastern Alaska is technically a desert?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How much precipitation does the desert area of Eastern Alaska receive?
Answer: Unanswerable |
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