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Context: In 2004, the Swaziland government acknowledged for the first time that it suffered an AIDS crisis, with 38.8% of tested pregnant women infected with HIV (see AIDS in Africa). The then Prime Minister Themba Dlamini declared a humanitarian crisis due to the combined effect of drought, land degradation, increased poverty, and HIV/AIDS. According to the 2011 UNAIDS Report, Swaziland is close to achieving universal access to HIV/AIDS treatment, defined as 80% coverage or greater. Estimates of treatment coverage range from 70% to 80% of those infected. Life expectancy had fallen from 61 years in 2000 to 32 years in 2009. Tuberculosis is also a significant problem, with an 18% mortality rate. Many patients have a multi-drug resistant strain, and 83% are co-infected with HIV. Question: Of pregnant women, how many are believed to be infected with HIV? Answer: 38.8% Question: Who was the prime minister of Swaziland in 2004? Answer: Themba Dlamini Question: What does UNAIDS consider universal access to HIV/AIDS treatment? Answer: 80% coverage or greater Question: What percentage of HIV/AIDS infected in Swaziland are believed to be treated? Answer: 70% to 80% Question: What is the rate of mortality for those with tuberculosis in Swaziland? Answer: 18% Question: What crisis began in 2004? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What percentage of women have HIV? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who declared a humanitarian crisis in Africa? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What has the life expectancy risen to since 2000? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In the early years, Universal had a "clean picture" policy. However, by April 1927, Carl Laemmle considered this to be a mistake as "unclean pictures" from other studios were generating more profit while Universal was losing money. Question: what was the policy that Universal followed in its early years? Answer: "clean picture" Question: By what month and year did Laemmle change his opinion on "unclean pictures"? Answer: April 1927 Question: Why did Laemmle change his position on "unclean pictures"? Answer: Universal was losing money Question: What policy was established in April 1927? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did Carl Laemmle decide to establish a clean picture policy? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Carl Laemmle consider a mistake in 1972? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: But Sebastião de Melo's greatest reforms were economic and financial, with the creation of several companies and guilds to regulate every commercial activity. He demarcated the region for production of Port to ensure the wine's quality, and this was the first attempt to control wine quality and production in Europe. He ruled with a strong hand by imposing strict law upon all classes of Portuguese society from the high nobility to the poorest working class, along with a widespread review of the country's tax system. These reforms gained him enemies in the upper classes, especially among the high nobility, who despised him as a social upstart. Question: What were de Melo's greatest reforms? Answer: economic and financial Question: Why did e Melo demarcate the region for production of Port? Answer: to ensure the wine's quality Question: Did de Melo impose strict laws only on one class of people? Answer: upon all classes of Portuguese society from the high nobility to the poorest working class Question: Among which class did de Melo's reforms gain him the most enemies? Answer: especially among the high nobility Question: Who was the first person to try to ensure the wine's quality in Portugal? Answer: Sebastião de Melo
Context: Early HDTV commercial experiments, such as NHK's MUSE, required over four times the bandwidth of a standard-definition broadcast. Despite efforts made to reduce analog HDTV to about twice the bandwidth of SDTV, these television formats were still distributable only by satellite. Question: How much more bandwith was required from early HDTV commercial experiments than an SD broadcast? Answer: over four times Question: Efforts were made to reduce analog HDTV to how much of the bandwith of SDTV? Answer: about twice Question: Despite the reduced bandwith, HDTV format still had to be distributed how? Answer: by satellite Question: What kind of experiments required over four times the bandwith of a SDTV broadcast? Answer: Early HDTV commercial experiments Question: How much more bandwith was required from early SDTV commercial experiments than an SD broadcast? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Efforts were made to reduce analog SDTV to how much of the bandwith of SDTV? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Despite the reduced bandwith, SDTV format still had to be distributed how? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What kind of experiments required over five times the bandwith of a SDTV broadcast? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Although the elements usually must be soluble in the liquid state, they may not always be soluble in the solid state. If the metals remain soluble when solid, the alloy forms a solid solution, becoming a homogeneous structure consisting of identical crystals, called a phase. If the mixture cools and the constituents become insoluble, they may separate to form two or more different types of crystals, creating a heterogeneous microstructure of different phases. However, in other alloys, the insoluble elements may not separate until after crystallization occurs. These alloys are called intermetallic alloys because, if cooled very quickly, they first crystallize as a homogeneous phase, but they are supersaturated with the secondary constituents. As time passes, the atoms of these supersaturated alloys separate within the crystals, forming intermetallic phases that serve to reinforce the crystals internally. Question: What causes an alloy to form a solid solution? Answer: If the metals remain soluble when solid Question: What is the purpose of intermetallic phases? Answer: to reinforce the crystals internally Question: What are alloys called when the insoluble elements don't separate until after crystallization occurs? Answer: intermetallic alloys Question: What is always soluble as a solid and illiquid? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are not soluble when solid? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What happens to an alloy if the medical support insoluble when solid? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are alloys called when the soluble elements separate after crystallization occurs? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What do the crystals intermetallic alloys support? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Sebastian Cabot declares in a handwritten Latin text in his original 1545 map, that the St. John's earned its name when he and his father, the Venetian explorer John Cabot became the first Europeans to sail into the harbour, in the morning of 24 June 1494 (against British and French historians stating 1497), the feast day of Saint John the Baptist. However, the exact locations of Cabot's landfalls are disputed. A series of expeditions to St. John's by Portuguese from the Azores took place in the early 16th century, and by 1540 French, Spanish and Portuguese ships crossed the Atlantic annually to fish the waters off the Avalon Peninsula. In the Basque Country, it is a common belief that the name of St. John's was given by Basque fishermen because the bay of St. John's is very similar to the Bay of Pasaia in the Basque Country, where one of the fishing towns is also called St. John (in Spanish, San Juan, and in Basque, Donibane). Question: What was John Cabot's sons first name? Answer: Sebastian Question: What was the occupation of John Cabot? Answer: explorer Question: Where did the French, Spanish and Portuguese start to travel to fish yearly in 1540? Answer: Avalon Peninsula Question: Where is the Bay of Pasaia located? Answer: Basque Country Question: In what language did Sebastian Cabot write his map from 1545? Answer: Latin Question: What did Sebastian Cabot write on in the 15th century? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who claimed St John's was named after his father? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who did British and French historians claim sailed into St John's harbor in 1494? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who claimed to have sailed into St John's harbor in 1497 with their father? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was crossing the Atlantic annually by the 15th century? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The malaria problem seems to be compounded by the AIDS epidemic. Research has shown that in Namibia the risk of contracting malaria is 14.5% greater if a person is also infected with HIV. The risk of death from malaria is also raised by approximately 50% with a concurrent HIV infection. Given infection rates this large, as well as a looming malaria problem, it may be very difficult for the government to deal with both the medical and economic impacts of this epidemic. The country had only 598 physicians in 2002. Question: What health issue is compounded by the AIDS epidemic in Namibia? Answer: malaria Question: What is the risk of contracting malaria if an individual is already infected with HIV? Answer: 14.5% greater Question: The risk of death by malaria raises by how much with a concurrent HIV infection? Answer: 50% Question: How many physicians did Namibia have in 2002? Answer: 598 Question: How many physicians did Namibia have as of 2012? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the risk of contracting malaria in Namibia if a person is healthy? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the risk of death if a person has HIV but not a concurrent infection? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many health professionals in total did Namibia have in 2002? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Guam (i/ˈɡwɑːm/ or /ˈɡwɒm/; Chamorro: Guåhån;[needs IPA] formally the Territory of Guam) is an unincorporated and organized territory of the United States. Located in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, Guam is one of five American territories with an established civilian government. The capital city is Hagåtña, and the most populous city is Dededo. In 2015, 161,785 people resided on Guam. Guamanians are American citizens by birth. Guam has an area of 544 km2 (210 sq mi) and a density of 297/km² (770/sq mi). It is the largest and southernmost of the Mariana Islands, and the largest island in Micronesia. Among its municipalities, Mongmong-Toto-Maite has the highest density at 1,425/km² (3,691/sq mi), whereas Inarajan and Umatac have the lowest density at 47/km² (119/sq mi). The highest point is Mount Lamlam at 406 meters (1,332 ft) above sea level. Question: What country is Guam a territory of? Answer: United States Question: Where is the island of Guan located? Answer: northwestern Pacific Ocean Question: How many people currently call Guam home as of 2015? Answer: 161,785 Question: What is the most populous city in Guam? Answer: Dededo Question: What is the name of the largest mountain in Guam? Answer: Mount Lamlam Question: How many people live in Hagatna? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the smallest of the Mariana Islands? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the northernmost Mariana Island? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What citizenry are people in Micronesia? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the high point of Micronesia? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Hogarth then proceeds to say where and why in some detail, but no more mention is made of the classics. His analysis is geopolitical. His map delineates the Nearer East with regular lines as though surveyed. They include Iran, the Balkans, but not the Danube lands, Egypt, but not the rest of North Africa. Except for the Balkans, the region matches the later Middle East. It differs from the Ottoman Empire of the times in including Greece and Iran. Hogarth gives no evidence of being familiar with the contemporaneous initial concept of the Middle East. Question: What does Hogarth say in detail? Answer: where and why Question: Hogarth makes no mention of what? Answer: the classics Question: How is Hogarth's analysis? Answer: geopolitical
Context: The Napoleonic Wars were therefore ones in which Britain invested large amounts of capital and resources to win. French ports were blockaded by the Royal Navy, which won a decisive victory over a Franco-Spanish fleet at Trafalgar in 1805. Overseas colonies were attacked and occupied, including those of the Netherlands, which was annexed by Napoleon in 1810. France was finally defeated by a coalition of European armies in 1815. Britain was again the beneficiary of peace treaties: France ceded the Ionian Islands, Malta (which it had occupied in 1797 and 1798 respectively), Mauritius, St Lucia, and Tobago; Spain ceded Trinidad; the Netherlands Guyana, and the Cape Colony. Britain returned Guadeloupe, Martinique, French Guiana, and Réunion to France, and Java and Suriname to the Netherlands, while gaining control of Ceylon (1795–1815). Question: The British Royal Navy blockaded which ports? Answer: French Question: Where did the British Royal Navy defeat the French and Spanish in 1805? Answer: Trafalgar Question: When were the Netherlands' colonies annexed by Napoleon? Answer: 1810 Question: When was Napoleon finally defeated? Answer: 1815 Question: The Napoleonic peace treaty had Ceylon given to which country? Answer: Britain
Context: Poultry meat and eggs provide nutritionally beneficial food containing protein of high quality. This is accompanied by low levels of fat which have a favourable mix of fatty acids. Chicken meat contains about two to three times as much polyunsaturated fat as most types of red meat when measured by weight. However, for boneless, skinless chicken breast, the amount is much lower. A 100-g serving of baked chicken breast contains 4 g of fat and 31 g of protein, compared to 10 g of fat and 27 g of protein for the same portion of broiled, lean skirt steak. Question: What is the nutitional value to humans of poultry and poultry products? Answer: protein of high quality Question: What is the fat and protien content of a 100g ram serving of baked chicken breast contain ? Answer: 4 g of fat and 31 g of protein Question: How much healthy fat in in the average serving of poultry? Answer: two to three times as much polyunsaturated fat as most types of red meat Question: Does chicken contain fat? Answer: low levels of fat which have a favourable mix of fatty acids Question: What meat has no nutritional value to humans? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What meat's protein is the lowest quality? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many full pounds of fat are found in an average chicken breast? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What food is considered toxic when mixed with poultry? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why does chicken have the lowest fat content of any meat? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: West's controversial incident the following year at the 2009 MTV Video Music Awards was arguably his biggest controversy, and led to widespread outrage throughout the music industry. During the ceremony, West crashed the stage and grabbed the microphone from winner Taylor Swift in order to proclaim that, instead, Beyoncé's video for "Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)", nominated for the same award, was "one of the best videos of all time". He was subsequently withdrawn from the remainder of the show for his actions. West's tour with Lady Gaga was cancelled in response to the controversy, and it was suggested that the incident was partially responsible for 808s & Heartbreak's lack of nominations at the 52nd Grammy Awards. Question: Where did Kanye's famous mic-grab incident occur at? Answer: 2009 MTV Video Music Awards Question: From who did Kanye grab the mic from to make his statement? Answer: Taylor Swift Question: Kanye's tour with what artist was cancelled following his outburst at the VMA's? Answer: Lady Gaga Question: In what year did Kanye's biggest controversy so far take place? Answer: 2009 Question: What artist did Kanye West interrupt Taylor Swift to defend? Answer: Beyoncé Question: Which artist was Kanye supposed to tour with, but couldn't due to the Taylor Swift controversy? Answer: Lady Gaga Question: What awards ceremony did Kanye not receive any nominations for after the MTV controversy? Answer: 52nd Grammy Awards
Context: The Commercial Port of Guam is the island's lifeline because most products must be shipped into Guam for consumers. It receives the weekly calls of the Hawaii-based shipping line Matson, Inc. whose container ships connect Guam with Honolulu, Hawaii, Los Angeles, California, Oakland, California and Seattle, Washington. The port is also the regional transhipment hub for over 500,000 customers throughout the Micronesian region. The port is the shipping and receiving point for containers designated for the island's U.S. Department of Defense installations, Andersen Air Force Base and Commander, Naval Forces Marianas and eventually the Third Marine Expeditionary Force. Question: What is considered to be the lifeline of Guam? Answer: The Commercial Port Question: What is the name of the shipping company in Hawaii that connects Guam? Answer: Matson, Inc Question: Why is the port so important? Answer: most products must be shipped into Guam for consumers Question: How many tons can a Matson, Inc., container ship carry to Guam? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the population of Seattle? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the population of Honolulu? Answer: Unanswerable Question: On what island is the Anderson Air Force Base? Answer: Unanswerable Question: On what island is the Naval Forces Marianas? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Menander Protector mentions a Daurentius (577–579) that slew an Avar envoy of Khagan Bayan I. The Avars asked the Slavs to accept the suzerainty of the Avars, he however declined and is reported as saying: "Others do not conquer our land, we conquer theirs – so it shall always be for us". Question: Who mentions a Daurentius (577–579) that slew an Avar envoy of Khagan Bayan I? Answer: Menander Protector Question: Who slew an envoy of Khagan Bayan I? Answer: Daurentius Question: The Slavs were asked to accept the suzerainty of whom? Answer: the Avars Question: Who said, "Others do not conquer our land, we conquer theirs – so it shall always be for us."? Answer: Daurentius Question: Whose envoy was slaughtered by Daurentius? Answer: Khagan Bayan I Question: When did Protector live? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What kind of envoy did Khagan Bayan I destroy? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who did the Slavs ask to accept their suzerainty? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Protector say about conquering land? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who did the Avar envoy slaughter? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The book was never published. Instead the Normans whirled off to New York. Norman published the gist of his planned travel book curiously mixed with vituperation against the Ottoman Empire in an article in June, 1896, in Scribner's Magazine. The empire had descended from an enlightened civilization ruling over barbarians for their own good to something considerably less. The difference was the Hamidian Massacres, which were being conducted even as the couple traveled the Balkans. According to Norman now, the empire had been established by "the Moslem horde" from Asia, which was stopped by "intrepid Hungary." Furthermore, "Greece shook off the turbaned destroyer of her people" and so on. The Russians were suddenly liberators of oppressed Balkan states. Having portrayed the Armenians as revolutionaries in the name of freedom with the expectation of being rescued by the intervention of Christian Europe, he states "but her hope was vain." England had "turned her back." Norman concluded his exhortation with "In the Balkans one learns to hate the Turk." Norman made sure that Gladstone read the article. Prince Nicolas of Montenegro wrote a letter thanking him for his article. Question: Where did the Normans go off to instead of publishing the book? Answer: New York Question: When did Norman publish parts of his planned travel book? Answer: June, 1896 Question: What magazine did Norman publish his work in? Answer: Scribner's Magazine Question: Who were liberators of oppressed Balkan states? Answer: The Russians Question: Who did Norman say "turned her back"? Answer: England
Context: If access is gained to a car's internal controller area network, it is possible to disable the brakes and turn the steering wheel. Computerized engine timing, cruise control, anti-lock brakes, seat belt tensioners, door locks, airbags and advanced driver assistance systems make these disruptions possible, and self-driving cars go even further. Connected cars may use wifi and bluetooth to communicate with onboard consumer devices, and the cell phone network to contact concierge and emergency assistance services or get navigational or entertainment information; each of these networks is a potential entry point for malware or an attacker. Researchers in 2011 were even able to use a malicious compact disc in a car's stereo system as a successful attack vector, and cars with built-in voice recognition or remote assistance features have onboard microphones which could be used for eavesdropping. Question: What were researchers in 2011 able to use as a successful attack vector? Answer: a malicious compact disc in a car's stereo system Question: In cars with built-in voice recognition features, what can the onboard microphones be used for? Answer: eavesdropping Question: Wifi, bluetooth, and cell phone networks are examples of what? Answer: a potential entry point for malware or an attacker Question: Assuming access has been gained to the car's internal controller area network, what is it possible to do? Answer: disable the brakes and turn the steering wheel Question: What network is used to contact concierge and emergency assitance services as well as getting navigational and entetainment information? Answer: the cell phone network Question: What makes cars a risk for computerized attacks? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How were researchers able to eavesdrop in a car? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why are cars with more technology at a higher risk for attack? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What increases the likelihood of a car being attacked? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What entry points are viable for malware and attackers? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does an external controller area network control? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When were self-driving cars built? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What networks prevent malware in connected cars? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did researchers use to prevent attacks in 2011? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What can voice recognition not be used for? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The domestic TV BBC television channels are broadcast without any commercial advertising and collectively they account for more than 30% of all UK viewing. The services are funded by a television licence. Question: What percentage of viewership across the UK is constituted by the BBC? Answer: 30% Question: What are BBC channels broadcast without? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How much UK viewing do domestic BCB channels account for? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are commercial services funded by? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Tech media website CNET gave new Super Slim 4 out of 5 stars ("Excellent"), saying "The Super Slim PlayStation 3 shrinks a powerful gaming machine into an even tinier package while maintaining the same features as its predecessors: a great gaming library and a strong array of streaming services [...]", whilst also criticising the "cheap" design and disc-loader, stating: "Sometimes [the cover] doesn't catch and you feel like you're using one of those old credit card imprinter machines. In short, it feels cheap. You don't realize how convenient autoloading disc trays are until they're gone. Whether it was to cut costs or save space, this move is ultimately a step back." The criticism also was due to price, stating the cheapest Super Slim model was still more expensive than the cheapest Slim model, and that the smaller size and bigger hard drive shouldn't be considered an upgrade when the hard drive on a Slim model is easily removed and replaced. They did praise that the hard drive of the Super Slim model is "the easiest yet. Simply sliding off the side panel reveals the drive bay, which can quickly be unscrewed." They also stated that whilst the Super Slim model is not in any way an upgrade, it could be an indicator as to what's to come. "It may not be revolutionary, but the Super Slim PS3 is the same impressive machine in a much smaller package. There doesn't seem to be any reason for existing PS3 owners to upgrade, but for the prospective PS3 buyer, the Super Slim is probably the way to go if you can deal with not having a slot-loading disc drive." Question: What website rated the Super Slim four out of five stars? Answer: CNET Question: What adjective did CNET use to describe the PS3 Super Slim's design? Answer: "cheap" Question: What component of the Super Slim did CNET call "the easiest yet"? Answer: hard drive Question: What hardware component did CNET have the biggest problem with, even comparing it to an old credit card reader? Answer: disc-loader Question: Was the lowest-priced Super Slim more or less expensive than any of the PS3 Slim models? Answer: more expensive Question: What website rated the Super Slim three out of five stars? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What adjective did CNET use to describe the PS2 Super Slim's design? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What component of the Super Slim did CNET call "the hardest yet"? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What hardware component did NCET have the biggest problem with, even comparing it to an old credit card reader? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Was the highest-priced Super Slim more or less expensive than any of the PS3 Slim models? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: A funicular railway leads from the Marzili district to the Bundeshaus. The Marzilibahn funicular is, with a length of 106 m (348 ft), the second shortest public railway in Europe after the Zagreb funicular. Question: What connects Marzili to Bundeshaus? Answer: A funicular railway Question: How long is the Marzilibah funicular? Answer: 106 m Question: What is the second shortest public railway in Europe? Answer: Marzilibahn Question: What is the shortest public railway in Europe? Answer: Zagreb funicular
Context: On November 4, 1979, a group of students seized the United States Embassy and took the embassy with 52 personnel and citizens hostage, after the United States refused to return Mohammad Reza Pahlavi to Iran to face trial in the court of the new regime. Attempts by the Jimmy Carter administration to negotiate for the release of the hostages, and a failed rescue attempt, helped force Carter out of office and brought Ronald Reagan to power. On Jimmy Carter's final day in office, the last hostages were finally set free as a result of the Algiers Accords. Question: When was the US Embassy in Iran seized? Answer: November 4, 1979 Question: Who seized the US Embassy in Iran in 1979? Answer: a group of students Question: How many hostages were taken in the US Embassy seizure? Answer: 52 personnel and citizens Question: Who won the 1980 US Presidential Elections after President Carter's repeated failed attempts to resolve the US Iranian Embassy situation? Answer: Ronald Reagan Question: ALl of the hostages were completely freed as the result of what treaty? Answer: Algiers Accords
Context: The populations of those lands did not accept Turkish rule. The Turks to them were foreigners with completely different customs, way of life, and language. Intervals when there was no unrest were rare. The Hungarians had thrown off Turkish rule by 1688. Serbia was created by the Serbian Revolution, 1815–1833. The Greek War of Independence, 1821–1832, created modern Greece, which recovered most of the lands of ancient Greece, but could not gain Constantinople. The Ottoman Porte was continuously under attack from some quarter in its empire, primarily the Balkans. Also, on a number of occasions in the early 19th century, American and British warships had to attack the Barbary pirates to stop their piracy and recover thousands of enslaved Europeans and Americans. Question: The populations did not accept what? Answer: Turkish rule Question: The Hungarians had thrown off Turkish rule by what year? Answer: 1688 Question: What created Serbia? Answer: the Serbian Revolution Question: When was the Serbian Revolution? Answer: 1815–1833 Question: When was the Greek War of Independence? Answer: 1821–1832
Context: The internal unrest reached its most serious state, however, in the two civil wars that were caused by the clash between generals Gaius Marius and Lucius Cornelius Sulla starting from 88 BC. In the Battle of the Colline Gate at the very door of the city of Rome, a Roman army under Sulla bested an army of the Marius supporters and entered the city. Sulla's actions marked a watershed in the willingness of Roman troops to wage war against one another that was to pave the way for the wars which ultimately overthrew the Republic, and caused the founding of the Roman Empire. Question: What type of war was caused by the clash of two generals? Answer: civil wars Question: In what year did Marius and Sull begin to clash? Answer: 88 BC Question: In what specific section of Rome did the Battle of the Colline Gate take place? Answer: very door of the city Question: Who was defeated in the Battle of the Colline Gate? Answer: an army of the Marius supporters Question: What can be considered one of the causes that led to the downfall of the Roman Republic? Answer: the willingness of Roman troops to wage war against one another
Context: People with prolonged, frequent, or close contact with people with TB are at particularly high risk of becoming infected, with an estimated 22% infection rate. A person with active but untreated tuberculosis may infect 10–15 (or more) other people per year. Transmission should occur from only people with active TB – those with latent infection are not thought to be contagious. The probability of transmission from one person to another depends upon several factors, including the number of infectious droplets expelled by the carrier, the effectiveness of ventilation, the duration of exposure, the virulence of the M. tuberculosis strain, the level of immunity in the uninfected person, and others. The cascade of person-to-person spread can be circumvented by segregating those with active ("overt") TB and putting them on anti-TB drug regimens. After about two weeks of effective treatment, subjects with nonresistant active infections generally do not remain contagious to others. If someone does become infected, it typically takes three to four weeks before the newly infected person becomes infectious enough to transmit the disease to others. Question: If you're around someone with active TB, what's the chance you'll contract it expressed as a percentage? Answer: 22% Question: Left untreated, about how many people could contract tuberculosis from an active TB patient in a year? Answer: 10–15 Question: About how long will a TB patient receiving effective treatment stay contagious? Answer: two weeks Question: If you contracted tuberculosis today, what's the estimated gestation period before you could spread the infection to others? Answer: three to four weeks Question: What term is interchangeable with "active" when talking about tuberculosis infection? Answer: overt Question: What is the infection rate for people not in close contact with TB? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many people does a person whose TB is being treated infect per year? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which type of TB is more infectious than active TB? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Uninfected people are treated with what regimens? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How long is someone contagious if they are recently infected? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Lemi Ponifasio is a director and choreographer who is prominent internationally with his dance Company MAU. Neil Ieremia's company Black Grace has also received international acclaim with tours to Europe and New York. Hip hop has had a significant impact on Samoan culture. According to Katerina Martina Teaiwa, PhD from the University of Hawaii at Manoa, "Hip hop culture in particular is popular amongst Samoan youth." Like very many other countries, hip hop music is popular. In addition, the integration of hip hop elements into Samoan tradition also "testifies to the transferability of the dance forms themselves," and to the "circuits through which people and all their embodied knowledge travel." Dance both in its traditional form and its more modern forms has remained a central cultural currency to Samoans, especially youths. Question: What did Lemi Ponifasio name his dance company? Answer: MAU Question: What genre of music greatly influenced the culture in Samoa? Answer: Hip hop Question: What Samoan choreographer founded Black Grace? Answer: Neil Ieremia Question: What professor at the University in Hawaii at Manoa wrote about the relationships between hip hop, dance, and traditional Samoan culture? Answer: Katerina Martina Teaiwa Question: Among what age group in Samoa is hip hop and dance most popular? Answer: youths Question: What has Neil Leremia's company MAU recieved when touring in Europe and NY? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is Lemi Ponifasio's position at hs company Black Grace? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is popular among Samoan youth according to Lemi Ponifasio? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Among what group is the dance company MAU popular? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What dance form is taught at the University of Hawaii? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The New Haven area supports several medical facilities that are considered some of the best hospitals in the country. There are two major medical centers downtown: Yale – New Haven Hospital has four pavilions, including the Yale – New Haven Children's Hospital and the Smilow Cancer Hospital; the Hospital of Saint Raphael is several blocks north, and touts its excellent cardiac emergency care program. Smaller downtown health facilities are the Temple Medical Center located downtown on Temple Street, Connecticut Mental Health Center/ across Park Street from Y-NHH, and the Hill Health Center, which serves the working-class Hill neighborhood. A large Veterans Affairs hospital is located in neighboring West Haven. To the west in Milford is Milford Hospital, and to the north in Meriden is the MidState Medical Center. Question: How many major medical centers are located in downtown New Haven? Answer: two Question: What overarching New Haven medical center is the Smilow Cancer Hospital a part of? Answer: Yale – New Haven Hospital Question: What hospital in New Haven provides notable cardiac emergency care? Answer: Hospital of Saint Raphael Question: How many pavilions comprise Yale -- New Haven Hospital? Answer: four Question: What is the mental health facility is located in New Haven? Answer: Connecticut Mental Health Center Question: How many pavilion are part of New Haven Hospital? Answer: four pavilions Question: What hospital is located nearby a working class district within the city? Answer: Hill Health Center, Question: What is the hospital located north of New Haven in Meriden? Answer: MidState Medical Center Question: What is the name of the well known hospital specializes in young children patients? Answer: New Haven Children's Hospital Question: What nearby city would you go to for war related injuries? Answer: West Haven
Context: Raleigh is an early example in the United States of a planned city, chosen as the site of the state capital in 1788 and incorporated in 1792 as such. The city was originally laid out in a grid pattern with the North Carolina State Capitol in Union Square at the center. In the United States Civil War the city was spared from any significant battle, only falling in the closing days of the war, though it did not escape the economic hardships that plagued the rest of the American South during the Reconstruction Era. The twentieth century saw the opening of the Research Triangle Park in 1959, and with the jobs it created the region and city saw a large influx of population, making it one of the fastest growing communities in the United States by the early 21st century. Question: What kind of city is Raleigh? Answer: planned Question: What year was it incorporated? Answer: 1792 Question: What happened in the 20th century? Answer: Research Triangle Park Question: What war was near the city? Answer: Civil War Question: What type of community is it? Answer: fastest growing Question: What city was chosen as the capital in 1792? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What city was incorporated in 1788? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What war began in the city? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What year did Research Triangle Park close? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What century did Raleigh stop growing? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In 2002, Elizabeth marked her Golden Jubilee. Her sister and mother died in February and March respectively, and the media speculated whether the Jubilee would be a success or a failure. She again undertook an extensive tour of her realms, which began in Jamaica in February, where she called the farewell banquet "memorable" after a power cut plunged the King's House, the official residence of the governor-general, into darkness. As in 1977, there were street parties and commemorative events, and monuments were named to honour the occasion. A million people attended each day of the three-day main Jubilee celebration in London, and the enthusiasm shown by the public for the Queen was greater than many journalists had expected. Question: What did Elizabeth celebrate in 2002? Answer: Golden Jubilee Question: When did Elizabeth's mother die in 2002? Answer: March Question: What relative of Elizabeth died in February of 2002? Answer: Her sister Question: How many people in London attended each day of the the three day event? Answer: million Question: What group was surprised by the public's approval of the Queen? Answer: journalists Question: In what year was the King's House in Jamaica built? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was Elizabeth's mother's name? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where did Elizabeth realms tour end in 2002? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what month did Elizabeth's tour of her realms end in 2002? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many people saw Elizabeth when she was in Jamaica? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Nanjing has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa) and is under the influence of the East Asian monsoon. The four seasons are distinct, with damp conditions seen throughout the year, very hot and muggy summers, cold, damp winters, and in between, spring and autumn are of reasonable length. Along with Chongqing and Wuhan, Nanjing is traditionally referred to as one of the "Three Furnacelike Cities" along the Yangtze River (长江流域三大火炉) for the perennially high temperatures in the summertime. However, the time from mid-June to the end of July is the plum blossom blooming season in which the meiyu (rainy season of East Asia; literally "plum rain") occurs, during which the city experiences a period of mild rain as well as dampness. Typhoons are uncommon but possible in the late stages of summer and early part of autumn. The annual mean temperature is around 15.46 °C (59.8 °F), with the monthly 24-hour average temperature ranging from 2.4 °C (36.3 °F) in January to 27.8 °C (82.0 °F) in July. Extremes since 1951 have ranged from −14.0 °C (7 °F) on 6 January 1955 to 40.7 °C (105 °F) on 22 August 1959. On average precipitation falls 115 days out of the year, and the average annual rainfall is 1,062 millimetres (42 in). With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 37 percent in March to 52 percent in August, the city receives 1,983 hours of bright sunshine annually. Question: What type of climate does Nanjing enjoy? Answer: a humid subtropical climate Question: What monsoon affects Nanjing? Answer: the East Asian monsoon Question: Nanjing is one of three "Furnacelike" cities. What are the other two cities? Answer: Chongqing and Wuhan Question: How many days of rain does Nanjing get a year, on average? Answer: 115 days Question: How many hours of bright sunshine does Nanjing get each year? Answer: 1,983 hours
Context: One of the most significant impacts To Kill a Mockingbird has had is Atticus Finch's model of integrity for the legal profession. As scholar Alice Petry explains, "Atticus has become something of a folk hero in legal circles and is treated almost as if he were an actual person." Morris Dees of the Southern Poverty Law Center cites Atticus Finch as the reason he became a lawyer, and Richard Matsch, the federal judge who presided over the Timothy McVeigh trial, counts Atticus as a major judicial influence. One law professor at the University of Notre Dame stated that the most influential textbook he taught from was To Kill a Mockingbird, and an article in the Michigan Law Review claims, "No real-life lawyer has done more for the self-image or public perception of the legal profession," before questioning whether, "Atticus Finch is a paragon of honor or an especially slick hired gun". Question: Atticus Finch's integrity has become a model for which job? Answer: lawyer Question: Atticus Finch is a model of what for legal professionals? Answer: integrity
Context: Among the philosophies that have influenced modern architects and their approach to building design are rationalism, empiricism, structuralism, poststructuralism, and phenomenology. Question: What are some philosophies that modern architects use? Answer: rationalism, empiricism, structuralism, poststructuralism, and phenomenology. Question: Rationalism and empiricism are examples of what? Answer: philosophies Question: Aside from the architects what did the philosophies influence? Answer: their approach to building design Question: Which philosophy followed structuralism? Answer: poststructuralism Question: What are some philosophies that ancient architects use? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Rationalism and empiricism are not examples of what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which philosophy came before structuralism? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Aside from the architects what did the rationalism influence? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: International observers of Council of Europe and US Department of State have questioned the fairness of Armenia's parliamentary and presidential elections and constitutional referendum since 1995, citing polling deficiencies, lack of cooperation by the Electoral Commission, and poor maintenance of electoral lists and polling places. Freedom House categorized Armenia in its 2008 report as a "Semi-consolidated Authoritarian Regime" (along with Moldova, Kosovo, Kyrgyzstan, and Russia) and ranked Armenia 20th among 29 nations in transition, with a Democracy Score of 5.21 out of 7 (7 represents the lowest democratic progress). Question: What is the lowest score on the Democracy Score scale? Answer: 7 Question: What Democracy Score does Armenia have? Answer: 5.21 Question: What does the Freedom House classify Armenia as? Answer: Semi-consolidated Authoritarian Regime Question: What makes Armenia's presidential elections faulty? Answer: polling deficiencies, lack of cooperation by the Electoral Commission, and poor maintenance of electoral lists and polling places
Context: Designed by Masayuki Uemura, the designer of the original Famicom, the Super Famicom was released in Japan on Wednesday, November 21, 1990 for ¥25,000 (US$210). It was an instant success; Nintendo's initial shipment of 300,000 units sold out within hours, and the resulting social disturbance led the Japanese government to ask video game manufacturers to schedule future console releases on weekends. The system's release also gained the attention of the Yakuza, leading to a decision to ship the devices at night to avoid robbery. Question: Who designed both the NES and SNES? Answer: Masayuki Uemura Question: How much in yen did the Super Famicom cost in Japan? Answer: ¥25,000 Question: How much in dollars did the Super Famicom cost in Japan? Answer: US$210 Question: How many Super Famicoms were produced in the first run? Answer: 300,000 Question: What criminal group plotted to steal Super Famicoms? Answer: the Yakuza Question: What did the Japanese government release in Japan on November 21, 1990? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many units were stolen by the Yakuza? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How much did the original Famicom cost in Japan? Answer: Unanswerable Question: After the original Famicom sold out, what did the Japanese government do? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What event happened after the Yakuza noticed the sale of the original Famicom? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The architecture of Montevideo ranges from Neoclassical buildings such as the Montevideo Metropolitan Cathedral to the Postmodern style of the World Trade Center Montevideo or the 158-metre (518 ft) ANTEL Telecommunication Tower, the tallest skyscraper in the country. The Along with the Telecommunications Tower, the Palacio Salvo dominates the skyline of the Bay of Montevideo. The building façades in the Old Town reflect the city's extensive European immigration, displaying the influence of old European architecture. Notable government buildings include the Legislative Palace, the City Hall, Estévez Palace and the Executive Tower. The most notable sports stadium is the Estadio Centenario within Parque Batlle. Parque Batlle, Parque Rodó and Parque Prado are Montevideo's three great parks. Question: What style of building is the Montevideo Metropolitan Cathedral? Answer: Neoclassical Question: What style of building is the World Trade Center Montevideo? Answer: Postmodern Question: What is the tallest skyscraper in the country? Answer: ANTEL Telecommunication Tower
Context: In the 1980s, mixed tag team matches began to take place, with a male and female on each team and a rule stating that each wrestler could only attack the opponent of the same gender. If a tag was made, the other team had to automatically switch their legal wrestler as well. Despite these restrictions, many mixed tag matches do feature some physical interaction between participants of different genders. For example, a heel may take a cheap shot at the female wrestler of the opposing team to draw a negative crowd reaction. In lucha libre, cheap-shots and male-female attacks are not uncommon. Question: What does a mixed tag team consist of? Answer: a male and female on each team Question: When did mixed tag teams start? Answer: 1980s Question: What happened when a tag was made? Answer: the other team had to automatically switch their legal wrestler as well Question: What isn't uncommon in lucha libre? Answer: cheap-shots and male-female attacks
Context: In 550 BC, Cyrus the Great, son of Mandane and Cambyses I, took over the Median Empire, and founded the Achaemenid Empire by unifying other city states. The conquest of Media was a result of what is called the Persian Revolt. The brouhaha was initially triggered by the actions of the Median ruler Astyages, and was quickly spread to other provinces, as they allied with the Persians. Later conquests under Cyrus and his successors expanded the empire to include Lydia, Babylon, Egypt, parts of the Balkans and Eastern Europe proper, as well as the lands to the west of the Indus and Oxus rivers. Question: Who founded the Achaemenid Empire when the city states in Iran came together in unification? Answer: Cyrus the Great Question: When did Cyrus the Great found the Achaemenid Empire? Answer: 550 BC Question: Who triggered the Persian Revolt? Answer: the Median ruler Astyages Question: What resulted from the Persian Revolt? Answer: The conquest of Media
Context: In 1993, the city passed a massive redevelopment package known as the Metropolitan Area Projects (MAPS), intended to rebuild the city's core with civic projects to establish more activities and life to downtown. The city added a new baseball park; central library; renovations to the civic center, convention center and fairgrounds; and a water canal in the Bricktown entertainment district. Water taxis transport passengers within the district, adding color and activity along the canal. MAPS has become one of the most successful public-private partnerships undertaken in the U.S., exceeding $3 billion in private investment as of 2010. As a result of MAPS, the population living in downtown housing has exponentially increased, together with demand for additional residential and retail amenities, such as grocery, services, and shops. Question: What was the name of the redevelopment passage that was passed in 1993? Answer: Metropolitan Area Projects Question: What is one thing that was added in this project? Answer: baseball park Question: How much money was invested in MAPS by 2010? Answer: $3 billion
Context: In additive color devices such as computer displays and televisions, one of the primary light sources is typically a narrow-spectrum yellowish-green of dominant wavelength ~550 nm; this "green" primary is combined with an orangish-red "red" primary and a purplish-blue "blue" primary to produce any color in between – the RGB color model. A unique green (green appearing neither yellowish nor bluish) is produced on such a device by mixing light from the green primary with some light from the blue primary. Question: What is produced on a computer display when light from the green primary is mixed with some light from the blue primary? Answer: A unique green Question: At what wavelength is green on computer displays? Answer: ~550 nm Question: What type of color devices are computer displays and televisions? Answer: additive Question: What is the wavelength of red? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How is a unique blue made? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are examples of devices that do not use additive systems? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is unique green's wavelength? Answer: Unanswerable Question: ~550nm green is a combination of which two primary colours? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Testimony given to the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission by Richard M. Bowen III on events during his tenure as the Business Chief Underwriter for Correspondent Lending in the Consumer Lending Group for Citigroup (where he was responsible for over 220 professional underwriters) suggests that by the final years of the U.S. housing bubble (2006–2007), the collapse of mortgage underwriting standards was endemic. His testimony stated that by 2006, 60% of mortgages purchased by Citi from some 1,600 mortgage companies were "defective" (were not underwritten to policy, or did not contain all policy-required documents) – this, despite the fact that each of these 1,600 originators was contractually responsible (certified via representations and warrantees) that its mortgage originations met Citi's standards. Moreover, during 2007, "defective mortgages (from mortgage originators contractually bound to perform underwriting to Citi's standards) increased... to over 80% of production". Question: Richard M. Bowen III testified to the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission regarding his tenure at which financial institution? Answer: Citigroup Question: How many underwriters was Richard M. Bowen III responsible for at Citigroup? Answer: 220 Question: What percent of mortgages purchased by Citigroup in 2006 were defective? Answer: 60% Question: In 2006, how many mortgage companies were contractually responsible to meet Citi's standards? Answer: 1,600 Question: During 2007, what was the percent of defective mortgages not underwritten to Citi's standards? Answer: over 80%
Context: In June 2013, West and television personality Kim Kardashian announced the birth of their first child, North. In October 2013, the couple announced their engagement to widespread media attention. November 2013, West stated that he was beginning work on his next studio album, hoping to release it by mid-2014, with production by Rick Rubin and Q-Tip. In December 2013, Adidas announced the beginning of an official apparel collaboration with West, to be premiered the following year. In May 2014, West and Kardashian were married in a private ceremony in Florence, Italy, with a variety of artists and celebrities in attendance. West released a single, "Only One", featuring Paul McCartney, on December 31, 2014. "FourFiveSeconds", a single jointly produced with Rihanna and McCartney, was released in January 2015. West also appeared on the Saturday Night Live 40th Anniversary Special, where he premiered a new song entitled "Wolves", featuring Sia Furler and fellow Chicago rapper, Vic Mensa. In February 2015, West premiered his clothing collaboration with Adidas, entitled Yeezy Season 1, to generally positive reviews. This would include West's Yeezy Boost sneakers. In March 2015, West released the single "All Day" featuring Theophilus London, Allan Kingdom and Paul McCartney. West performed the song at the 2015 BRIT Awards with a number of US rappers and UK grime MC's including: Skepta, Wiley, Novelist, Fekky, Krept & Konan, Stormzy, Allan Kingdom, Theophilus London and Vic Mensa. He would premiere the second iteration of his clothing line, Yeezy Season 2, in September 2015 at New York Fashion Week. Question: What was the name of Kanye's first child with Kim Kardashian? Answer: North Question: What brand set to collaborate on an apparel line with Kanye? Answer: Adidas Question: What famous British artist worked with Kanye on multiple singles? Answer: Paul McCartney Question: Where did Kanye perform his single "All Day" with a menagerie of other artists? Answer: 2015 BRIT Awards Question: Who is the mother of Kanye's first child? Answer: Kim Kardashian Question: What is Kanye West's first child's name? Answer: North Question: In what Italian city were Kim Kardashian and Kanye West wed? Answer: Florence Question: What musician joined Kanye West on the song "Only One"? Answer: Paul McCartney Question: What was the name of the Adidas clothing line by Kanye West that he released in 2013? Answer: Yeezy Season 1
Context: The isolation of enzymes from infected tissue can also provide the basis of a biochemical diagnosis of an infectious disease. For example, humans can make neither RNA replicases nor reverse transcriptase, and the presence of these enzymes are characteristic of specific types of viral infections. The ability of the viral protein hemagglutinin to bind red blood cells together into a detectable matrix may also be characterized as a biochemical test for viral infection, although strictly speaking hemagglutinin is not an enzyme and has no metabolic function. Question: What needs to be isolated from infected tissue to provide a biochemical diagnosis of an infectious disease? Answer: enzymes Question: What enzyme's presence is characteristic of specific types of viral infections? Answer: RNA replicases Question: What does the protein hemagglutinin bind together? Answer: red blood cells Question: Why are the presence of certain enymzes a tell tale sign of a virus? Answer: humans can make neither RNA replicases nor reverse transcriptase Question: What needs to be combined with infected tissue to provide a biochemical diagnosis of an infectious disease? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What enzyme's absence is characteristic of specific types of viral infections? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does the protein hemagglutinin pull apart? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why are the presence of certain enzymes a sign of good health? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Sports played on the island include football, cricket, volleyball, tennis, golf, motocross, shooting sports and yachting. Saint Helena has sent teams to a number of Commonwealth Games. Saint Helena is a member of the International Island Games Association. The Saint Helena cricket team made its debut in international cricket in Division Three of the African region of the World Cricket League in 2011. Question: Saint Helena is a member of what kind of association? Answer: International Island Games Association Question: Where did the Saint Helena cricket team make it's debut in international cricket? Answer: Division Three of the African region of the World Cricket League Question: When did the Saint Helena cricket team make it's debut in international cricket? Answer: 2011
Context: The presence of pain in an animal cannot be known for certain, but it can be inferred through physical and behavioral reactions. Specialists currently believe that all vertebrates can feel pain, and that certain invertebrates, like the octopus, might too. As for other animals, plants, or other entities, their ability to feel physical pain is at present a question beyond scientific reach, since no mechanism is known by which they could have such a feeling. In particular, there are no known nociceptors in groups such as plants, fungi, and most insects, except for instance in fruit flies. Question: What about pain in an animal isn't able to be known with certainty? Answer: presence Question: An animals physical and behavioral reactions may be inferred to indicate the presence of what? Answer: pain Question: Who do specialists believe can feel pain? Answer: vertebrates Question: No mechanism is known by which what organisms would be able to have a feeling such as pain? Answer: plants Question: What do fungi and fruit flies seem to lack? Answer: nociceptors Question: What can be known for certain in animals? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What do specialists say all invertebrates can feel? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does a fruit fly not have? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Visits to the websites have decreased by 87% since the paywall was introduced, from 21 million unique users per month to 2.7 million. In April 2009, the timesonline site had a readership of 750,000 readers per day. As of October 2011, there were around 111,000 subscribers to The Times' digital products. Question: Visits to The Times website have decreased by how much since October 2011? Answer: 87% Question: What is the reason for the dramatic drop in visits to The Times website? Answer: paywall Question: In April 2009, how many readers did the timesonline website have per day? Answer: 750,000 Question: As of October 2011, how many subscribers does The Times' digital product currently have? Answer: 111,000
Context: A molecular form called protonated molecular hydrogen (H+ 3) is found in the interstellar medium, where it is generated by ionization of molecular hydrogen from cosmic rays. This charged ion has also been observed in the upper atmosphere of the planet Jupiter. The ion is relatively stable in the environment of outer space due to the low temperature and density. H+ 3 is one of the most abundant ions in the Universe, and it plays a notable role in the chemistry of the interstellar medium. Neutral triatomic hydrogen H3 can only exist in an excited form and is unstable. By contrast, the positive hydrogen molecular ion (H+ 2) is a rare molecule in the universe. Question: What molecular form is found in the interstellar medium? Answer: protonated molecular hydrogen Question: What generates protonated molecular hydrogen? Answer: ionization of molecular hydrogen from cosmic rays Question: On what planet can you find protonated molecular hydrogen? Answer: Jupiter Question: In what way can Neutral triatomic hydrogen exist? Answer: excited form
Context: Prince Louis intended to land in the south of England in May 1216, and John assembled a naval force to intercept him. Unfortunately for John, his fleet was dispersed by bad storms and Louis landed unopposed in Kent. John hesitated and decided not to attack Louis immediately, either due to the risks of open battle or over concerns about the loyalty of his own men. Louis and the rebel barons advanced west and John retreated, spending the summer reorganising his defences across the rest of the kingdom. John saw several of his military household desert to the rebels, including his half-brother, William Longespée. By the end of the summer the rebels had regained the south-east of England and parts of the north. Question: When did Prince Louis int to land in the south of England? Answer: May 1216 Question: Why did John hesitate to attack Louis? Answer: due to the risks of open battle Question: When did the rebels regain the south-east of England? Answer: end of the summer
Context: The Greek shipping tradition recovered during Ottoman rule when a substantial merchant middle class developed, which played an important part in the Greek War of Independence. Today, Greek shipping continues to prosper to the extent that Greece has the largest merchant fleet in the world, while many more ships under Greek ownership fly flags of convenience. The most notable shipping magnate of the 20th century was Aristotle Onassis, others being Yiannis Latsis, George Livanos, and Stavros Niarchos. Question: What was brought about by the Ottomans that caused and uplift in the classes of Greek society ? Answer: Greek shipping tradition recovered during Ottoman rule when a substantial merchant middle class developed Question: What did the development of these changes lead to for the Greeks under Ottoman rulers ? Answer: Greek War of Independence Question: Is the seafaring business still of any relevancy to the Greek economy ? Answer: Greek shipping continues to prosper to the extent that Greece has the largest merchant fleet in the world Question: What was the last husband of Jacquelyn Kennedy known for ? Answer: most notable shipping magnate of the 20th century was Aristotle Onassis Question: What was brought about by the Ottomans that caused and uplift in the classes of French society Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did the development of these changes lead to for the French under Ottoman rulers? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Is the seafaring business still of any relevancy to the french economy? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the first husband of Jacquelyn Kennedy known for? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: During the Age of Discovery in the 15th and 16th centuries, Portugal and Spain pioneered European exploration of the globe, and in the process established large overseas empires. Envious of the great wealth these empires generated, England, France, and the Netherlands began to establish colonies and trade networks of their own in the Americas and Asia. A series of wars in the 17th and 18th centuries with the Netherlands and France left England (and then, following union between England and Scotland in 1707, Great Britain) the dominant colonial power in North America and India. Question: In which centuries was the Age of Discovery? Answer: 15th and 16th centuries Question: Which countries pioneered European exploration of the globe? Answer: Portugal and Spain Question: Which countries began colonizing because they envied the empires of Portugal and Spain? Answer: England, France, and the Netherlands Question: When did England become Great Britain? Answer: 1707 Question: Which country combined with England to form Great Britain? Answer: Scotland
Context: In principle, the Planck constant could be determined by examining the spectrum of a black-body radiator or the kinetic energy of photoelectrons, and this is how its value was first calculated in the early twentieth century. In practice, these are no longer the most accurate methods. The CODATA value quoted here is based on three watt-balance measurements of KJ2RK and one inter-laboratory determination of the molar volume of silicon, but is mostly determined by a 2007 watt-balance measurement made at the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Five other measurements by three different methods were initially considered, but not included in the final refinement as they were too imprecise to affect the result. Question: How was the Planck constant calculated in the early 20th century? Answer: the Planck constant could be determined by examining the spectrum of a black-body radiator or the kinetic energy of photoelectrons Question: The value quoted here for the Planck constant is based on a measurement in what year? Answer: 2007 Question: Where was this measurement made? Answer: the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Question: What method was was used to obtain the measurement? Answer: watt-balance measurement Question: One other measure involved the molar volume of what element? Answer: silicon Question: What year was the measurement for the Planck constant value avoided? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where was this measurement disregarded? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What could be determined by examining the spectrum of a white-body radiator or the nuclear energy of photoelectrons? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What can never be measured with molar volume? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Nigeria is a Federal Republic modelled after the United States, with executive power exercised by the president. It is influenced by the Westminster System model[citation needed] in the composition and management of the upper and lower houses of the bicameral legislature. The president presides as both Head of State and head of the national executive; the leader is elected by popular vote to a maximum of two 4-year terms. In the March 28, 2015 presidential election, General Muhammadu Buhari emerged victorious to become the Federal President of Nigeria, defeating then incumbent Goodluck Jonathan. Question: What is Nigeria's form of government? Answer: Federal Republic Question: What houses does the Nigerian legislature have? Answer: upper and lower Question: How many times can a Nigerian president be elected? Answer: two 4-year terms Question: Who won the 2015 Nigerian presidential election? Answer: General Muhammadu Buhari Question: Who lost the 2015 Nigerian presidential election? Answer: Goodluck Jonathan
Context: As African states became independent in the 1960s, the Soviet Union offered many of their citizens the chance to study in Russia. Over a period of 40 years, about 400,000 African students from various countries moved to Russia to pursue higher studies, including many Black Africans. This extended beyond the Soviet Union to many countries of the Eastern bloc. Question: When did African states become independent? Answer: 1960s Question: Who offered many Africans a chance to study in their country? Answer: Soviet Union Question: How many students moved from Africa to Russia? Answer: about 400,000 Question: Why did students move to Russia? Answer: to pursue higher studies Question: Migration to Russia continued into many countries where? Answer: Eastern bloc.
Context: The first appearance of the term 'affirmative action' was in the National Labor Relations Act, better known as the Wagner Act, of 1935.:15 Proposed and championed by U.S. Senator Robert F. Wagner of New York, the Wagner Act was in line with President Roosevelt's goal of providing economic security to workers and other low-income groups. During this time period it was not uncommon for employers to blacklist or fire employees associated with unions. The Wagner Act allowed workers to unionize without fear of being discriminated against, and empowered a National Labor Relations Board to review potential cases of worker discrimination. In the event of discrimination, employees were to be restored to an appropriate status in the company through 'affirmative action'. While the Wagner Act protected workers and unions it did not protect minorities, who, exempting the Congress of Industrial Organizations, were often barred from union ranks.:11 This original coining of the term therefore has little to do with affirmative action policy as it is seen today, but helped set the stage for all policy meant to compensate or address an individual's unjust treatment.[citation needed] Question: In which document did the term "affirmative action" first appear? Answer: National Labor Relations Act Question: Who was the author of the National Labor Relations Act? Answer: Senator Robert F. Wagner Question: Who did employers routinely blacklist of fire? Answer: employees associated with unions Question: Who was able to review complaints about possible worker discrimination? Answer: National Labor Relations Board Question: Which group of people did the Wagner Act fail to protect? Answer: minorities Question: In which document did the term "non-affirmative action" first appear? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was the author of the National Non-Labor Relations Act? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who did employers routinely hire? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who wasn't able to review complaints about possible worker discrimination? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which group of people did the Wagner Act protect? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: During the Cold War between the Soviet Union and the United States, huge stockpiles of uranium were amassed and tens of thousands of nuclear weapons were created using enriched uranium and plutonium made from uranium. Since the break-up of the Soviet Union in 1991, an estimated 600 short tons (540 metric tons) of highly enriched weapons grade uranium (enough to make 40,000 nuclear warheads) have been stored in often inadequately guarded facilities in the Russian Federation and several other former Soviet states. Police in Asia, Europe, and South America on at least 16 occasions from 1993 to 2005 have intercepted shipments of smuggled bomb-grade uranium or plutonium, most of which was from ex-Soviet sources. From 1993 to 2005 the Material Protection, Control, and Accounting Program, operated by the federal government of the United States, spent approximately US $550 million to help safeguard uranium and plutonium stockpiles in Russia. This money was used for improvements and security enhancements at research and storage facilities. Scientific American reported in February 2006 that in some of the facilities security consisted of chain link fences which were in severe states of disrepair. According to an interview from the article, one facility had been storing samples of enriched (weapons grade) uranium in a broom closet before the improvement project; another had been keeping track of its stock of nuclear warheads using index cards kept in a shoe box. Question: Who was the Soviet Union's opponent in the Cold War? Answer: United States Question: How many nuclear warheads can be made with 540 metric tons of highly enriched weapons grade uranium? Answer: 40,000 Question: What was the expenditure of the Material Protection, Control, and Accounting Program between 1993 and 2005? Answer: US $550 million Question: What is another term for uranium that is enriched? Answer: weapons grade Question: Approximately how many times did police capture shipments of bomb-grade plutonium or uranium between 1993 and 2005? Answer: 16 Question: Who was the Soviet Union's ally in the Cold War? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many nuclear warheads can be made with 450 metric tons of highly enriched weapons grade uranium? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the expenditure of the Material Protection, Control, and Accounting Program between 1995 and 2005? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is another term for uranium that is not enriched? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Approximately how many times did police capture shipments of bomb-grade plutonium or uranium between 1993 and 2003? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: If conditions change, so that the pope judges it safe to make the appointment public, he may do so at any time. The cardinal in question then ranks in precedence with those raised to the cardinalate at the time of his in pectore appointment. If a pope dies before revealing the identity of an in pectore cardinal, the cardinalate expires. Question: What happens if a Cardinal is named in pectore, and the pope dies? Answer: the cardinalate expires Question: What does the Pope do if conditions do not change? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What happens if a Cardinal is named in pectore and the president dies? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Whose identity is not revealed if the pope dies? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who ranks secondary to those raised in the cardinalate at the time of his appointment? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: There has, however, been interest among railroad operators in returning to DC use at higher voltages than previously used. At the same voltage, DC often has less loss than AC, and for this reason high-voltage direct current is already used on some bulk power transmission lines. DC avoids the electromagnetic radiation inherent with AC, and on a railway this also reduces interference with signalling and communications and mitigates hypothetical EMF risks. DC also avoids the power factor problems of AC. Of particular interest to railroading is that DC can supply constant power with a single ungrounded wire. Constant power with AC requires three-phase transmission with at least two ungrounded wires. Another important consideration is that mains-frequency 3-phase AC must be carefully planned to avoid unbalanced phase loads. Parts of the system are supplied from different phases on the assumption that the total loads of the 3 phases will even out. At the phase break points between regions supplied from different phases, long insulated supply breaks are required to avoid them being shorted by rolling stock using more than one pantograph at a time. A few railroads have tried 3-phase but its substantial complexity has made single-phase standard practice despite the interruption in power flow that occurs twice every cycle. An experimental 6 kV DC railway was built in the Soviet Union. Question: What type of electric power garantees lesser loss? Answer: DC Question: Which type of supply for electric motors creates electromagnetic radiation? Answer: AC Question: What can electromagnetic radiation interfere with? Answer: signalling and communications Question: Which type of power does require three-phase transmission? Answer: AC Question: Where was an experimental 6kV DC railway built? Answer: the Soviet Union Question: Railroad operators have shown little interest in returning to what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is being used on all bulk power transmission lines? Answer: Unanswerable Question: DC can supply variable power with a single underground what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What requires a four-phase transmission with at least two underground wires? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many railroads have tried 4-phase? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The term Hokkien (福建; hɔk˥˥kɪɛn˨˩) is itself a term not used in Chinese to refer to the dialect, as it simply means Fujian province. In Chinese linguistics, these dialects are known by their classification under the Quanzhang Division (Chinese: 泉漳片; pinyin: Quánzhāng piàn) of Min Nan, which comes from the first characters of the two main Hokkien urban centers Quanzhou and Zhangzhou. The variety is also known by other terms such as the more general Min Nan (traditional Chinese: 閩南語, 閩南話; simplified Chinese: 闽南语, 闽南话; pinyin: Mǐnnányǔ, Mǐnnánhuà; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Bân-lâm-gí,Bân-lâm-oē) or Southern Min, and Fulaohua (traditional Chinese: 福佬話; simplified Chinese: 福佬话; pinyin: Fúlǎohuà; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Hō-ló-oē). The term Hokkien (Chinese: 福建話; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hok-kiàn oē;Tâi-lô:Hok-kiàn-uē), on the other hand, is used commonly in South East Asia to refer to Min-nan dialects. Question: What does Hokkien mean? Answer: Fujian province Question: What division of dialects does Hokkien belong to? Answer: Quanzhang Division (Chinese: 泉漳片; pinyin: Quánzhāng piàn) of Min Nan Question: In South East Asia, what term is commonly used to refer to Min-nan dialects? Answer: Hokkien Question: Where are quanzhou and Zhangzhou located? Answer: Hokkien Question: What term does not mean Fujian province? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What classification system does the term Hokkien come from? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What term comes from the first two syllables of the two main Hokkien regions? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What term is used in central assia to fefer to Min-nan dialects? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does the term Quanzhang mean in Chinese? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What dialect does Zhangzhou refer to? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where is the term Fulaohua primarily used? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In urban centers, what term is used to refer to Min-nan dialects? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where are Min Nan and Southern Min located? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The mandolin has been used occasionally in rock music, first appearing in the psychedelic era of the late 1960s. Levon Helm of The Band occasionally moved from his drum kit to play mandolin, most notably on Rag Mama Rag, Rockin' Chair, and Evangeline. Ian Anderson of Jethro Tull played mandolin on Fat Man, from their second album, Stand Up, and also occasionally on later releases. Rod Stewart's 1971 No. 1 hit Maggie May features a significant mandolin riff. David Grisman played mandolin on two Grateful Dead songs on the American Beauty album, Friend of the Devil and Ripple, which became instant favorites among amateur pickers at jam sessions and campground gatherings. John Paul Jones and Jimmy Page both played mandolin on Led Zeppelin songs. The popular alt rock group Imagine Dragons feature the mandolin on a few of their songs, most prominently being It's Time. Dash Crofts of the soft rock duo Seals and Crofts extensively used mandolin in their repertoire during the 1970s. Styx released the song Boat on the River in 1980, which featured Tommy Shaw on vocals and mandolin. The song didn't chart in the United States but was popular in much of Europe and the Philippines. Question: When did the mandolin first appear in rock music? Answer: psychedelic era of the late 1960s Question: Who played the drums and the mandolin in the group called The Band? Answer: Levon Helm Question: What Rod Stewart song in 1971 featured the mandolin? Answer: Maggie May Question: What artist from the Greatful Dead played the mandolin? Answer: David Grisman Question: Tommy Shaw sang and played the mandolin in which Styx song? Answer: Boat on the River Question: When did the mandolin last appear in rock music? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who played the drums and the guitar in the group called The Band? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What Rod Stewart song in 1971 featured the mandolin? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What artist from the Grateful Dead didn't play the mandolin? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: There is no universally accepted criterion for distinguishing two different languages from two dialects (i.e. varieties) of the same language. A number of rough measures exist, sometimes leading to contradictory results. The distinction is therefore subjective and depends on the user's frame of reference. For example, there is discussion about if the Limón Creole English must be considered as "a kind" of English or a different language. This creole is spoken in the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica (Central America) by descendant of Jamaican people. The position that Costa Rican linguists support depends on the University they belong. Question: In what country is Limón Creole English spoken? Answer: Costa Rica Question: On what coast of Costa Rica is Limón Creole English spoken? Answer: Caribbean Question: Speakers of Limón Creole English are descended from people of what nationality? Answer: Jamaican Question: How many universally accepted criterion for distinguishing between two languages from two dialects are there? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where is Jamaican Creole spoken? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who speaks Costa Rican Creole? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does the position which Costa Rican linguists oppose depend on? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does the position which Jamaican linguists support depend on? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In 1847, Hungarian physician Ignác Fülöp Semmelweis dramatically reduced the occurrency of puerperal fever by simply requiring physicians to wash their hands before attending to women in childbirth. This discovery predated the germ theory of disease. However, Semmelweis' findings were not appreciated by his contemporaries and came into use only with discoveries by British surgeon Joseph Lister, who in 1865 proved the principles of antisepsis. Lister's work was based on the important findings by French biologist Louis Pasteur. Pasteur was able to link microorganisms with disease, revolutionizing medicine. He also devised one of the most important methods in preventive medicine, when in 1880 he produced a vaccine against rabies. Pasteur invented the process of pasteurization, to help prevent the spread of disease through milk and other foods. Question: What was Ignac Fulop Semmelweis' profession? Answer: physician Question: How did Semmelweis reduce puerperal fever? Answer: requiring physicians to wash their hands Question: What came after the realization that physicians should was their hands before childbirth? Answer: the germ theory of disease Question: What did Joseph Lister prove? Answer: antisepsis Question: Who did Joseph Lister base his work off of? Answer: Louis Pasteur
Context: Montini and Angelo Roncalli were considered to be friends, but when Roncalli, as Pope John XXIII announced a new Ecumenical Council, Cardinal Montini reacted with disbelief and said to Giulio Bevilacqua: "This old boy does not know what a hornets nest he is stirring up." He was appointed to the Central Preparatory Commission in 1961. During the Council, his friend Pope John XXIII asked him to live in the Vatican. He was a member of the Commission for Extraordinary Affairs but did not engage himself much into the floor debates on various issues. His main advisor was Monsignore Giovanni Colombo, whom he later appointed to be his successor in Milan The Commission was greatly overshadowed by the insistence of John XXIII to have the Council complete all its work in one single session before Christmas 1962, to the 400th anniversary of the Council of Trent, an insistence which may have also been influenced by the Pope's recent knowledge that he had cancer. Question: What group did Montini oppose reforming? Answer: Ecumenical Council Question: In what year was Montini appointed to the Central Preparatory Commission? Answer: 1961 Question: Where did the Pope ask Cardinal Montini to live? Answer: Vatican Question: What did Montini avoid as a member of the Commission for Extraordinary Affairs? Answer: debates Question: What illness had the Pope contracted? Answer: cancer
Context: With 19.48 inches of rainfall, May 2015 was by far Oklahoma City's record-wettest month since record keeping began in 1890. Across Oklahoma and Texas generally, there was record flooding in the latter part of the month Question: When was the most rainfall for Oklahoma city? Answer: May 2015
Context: This boom was reflected in the growth of artistic and cultural pursuits. Some of the most emblematic buildings of the city were built during this period, including the Serranos Towers (1392), the Lonja (1482), the Miguelete and the Chapel of the Kings of the Convent of Santo Domingo. In painting and sculpture, Flemish and Italian trends had an influence on artists such as Lluís Dalmau, Peris Gonçal and Damià Forment. Literature flourished with the patronage of the court of Alfonso the Magnanimous, supporting authors like Ausiàs March, Roiç de Corella, and Isabel de Villena. By 1460 Joanot Martorell wrote Tirant lo Blanch, an innovative novel of chivalry that influenced many later writers, from Cervantes to Shakespeare. Ausiàs March was one of the first poets to use the everyday language Valencian, instead of the troubadour language, Occitan. Also around this time, between 1499 and 1502, the University of Valencia was founded under the parsimonious name of Estudio General ("studium generale", place of general studies). Question: When were the Serranos Towers constructed? Answer: 1392 Question: What influential novel did Joanot Martorell write? Answer: Tirant lo Blanch Question: Who was an early poet to use Valencian? Answer: Ausiàs March Question: When was the University of Valencia founded? Answer: between 1499 and 1502 Question: What was the University of Valencia's original name? Answer: Estudio General
Context: The U.S. dollar was created by the Constitution and defined by the Coinage Act of 1792. It specified a "dollar" to be based in the Spanish milled dollar and of 371 grains and 4 sixteenths part of a grain of pure or 416 grains (27.0 g) of standard silver and an "eagle" to be 247 and 4 eighths of a grain or 270 grains (17 g) of gold (again depending on purity). The choice of the value 371 grains arose from Alexander Hamilton's decision to base the new American unit on the average weight of a selection of worn Spanish dollars. Hamilton got the treasury to weigh a sample of Spanish dollars and the average weight came out to be 371 grains. A new Spanish dollar was usually about 377 grains in weight, and so the new U.S. dollar was at a slight discount in relation to the Spanish dollar. Question: What defined the US dollar? Answer: Coinage Act of 1792 Question: What was the dollar based on? Answer: the Spanish milled dollar Question: How many grams of gold roughly were in an eagle? Answer: 17 Question: Who made the decision to base the American Unit on the weight on the Spanish dollar? Answer: Alexander Hamilton Question: What was the average weight of a new Spanish dollar in terms of grains? Answer: 377 Question: What defined the Hamilton? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the Hamilton based on? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many grams did an eagle weigh? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who made the decision to base the Hamilton Unit on the weight of the Spanish dollar? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the average weight of the Hamilton in grains? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: A cover story in BusinessWeek magazine claims that economists mostly failed to predict the worst international economic crisis since the Great Depression of the 1930s. The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania's online business journal examines why economists failed to predict a major global financial crisis. Popular articles published in the mass media have led the general public to believe that the majority of economists have failed in their obligation to predict the financial crisis. For example, an article in the New York Times informs that economist Nouriel Roubini warned of such crisis as early as September 2006, and the article goes on to state that the profession of economics is bad at predicting recessions. According to The Guardian, Roubini was ridiculed for predicting a collapse of the housing market and worldwide recession, while The New York Times labelled him "Dr. Doom". Question: Which magazine ran a cover story claiming that most economists failed to the the financial crisis? Answer: BusinessWeek Question: The financial crisis of 2007 was the worst economic crisis since which crisis that occurred in the 1930s? Answer: Great Depression Question: Which school at University of Pennsylvania examined in their online business journal why economists failed to predict the crisis? Answer: The Wharton School Question: Which economist did the New York Times state warned of a crisis as early as September 2006? Answer: Nouriel Roubini Question: What was economist Roubini called by the New York Times for predicting a collapse of the housing market? Answer: "Dr. Doom"
Context: The interactions of carbonate anions with uranium(VI) cause the Pourbaix diagram to change greatly when the medium is changed from water to a carbonate containing solution. While the vast majority of carbonates are insoluble in water (students are often taught that all carbonates other than those of alkali metals are insoluble in water), uranium carbonates are often soluble in water. This is because a U(VI) cation is able to bind two terminal oxides and three or more carbonates to form anionic complexes. Question: In what medium does the Pourbaix diagram change when carbonate anions interact with uranium(VI)? Answer: carbonate containing solution Question: What notable carbonates are often water soluble? Answer: uranium Question: What does a uranium(VI) cation form when it binds to two terminal oxides and three or more carbonates? Answer: anionic complexes Question: In what medium does the Pourbaix diagram change when carbonate anions interact with uranium(VII)? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what medium does the Pourbaix diagram change when carbonite anions interact with uranium(VI)? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What notable carbonates are unoften water soluble? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does a uranium(VI) cation form when it binds to two terminal dioxides and three or more carbonates? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does a uranium(VII) cation form when it binds to two terminal oxides and three or more carbonates? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Presbyterian denominations that trace their heritage to the British Isles usually organise their church services inspired by the principles in the Directory of Public Worship, developed by the Westminster Assembly in the 1640s. This directory documented Reformed worship practices and theology adopted and developed over the preceding century by British Puritans, initially guided by John Calvin and John Knox. It was enacted as law by the Scottish Parliament, and became one of the foundational documents of Presbyterian church legislation elsewhere. Question: The Presbyterian denominations from the British Isles were inspired by these principles in what document? Answer: Directory of Public Worship Question: When was the Directory of Public Worship developed? Answer: 1640s Question: Which government enacted the Directory of Public Worship teachings into law? Answer: Scottish Parliament Question: Which denomination's heritage can be traced to Westminster Assembly? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which denomination's heritage can be traced to John Calvin? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which denomination's heritage can be traced to John Knox? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which Directory was enacted into law by John Calvin? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which Directory was enacted into law by Westminster Assembly? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Cockroaches are among the fastest insect runners and, at full speed, adopt a bipedal run to reach a high velocity in proportion to their body size. As cockroaches move very quickly, they need to be video recorded at several hundred frames per second to reveal their gait. More sedate locomotion is seen in the stick insects or walking sticks (Phasmatodea). A few insects have evolved to walk on the surface of the water, especially members of the Gerridae family, commonly known as water striders. A few species of ocean-skaters in the genus Halobates even live on the surface of open oceans, a habitat that has few insect species. Question: What kind of locomotion is seen in stick insects? Answer: sedate Question: What is another name for walking stick insects? Answer: Phasmatodea Question: Some insects can walk on top of what? Answer: water Question: What insect can walk on the surface of water? Answer: water striders Question: Water striders are part of what insect family? Answer: Gerridae
Context: Growing scientific recognition of the role of private lands for endangered species recovery and the landmark 1981 court decision in Palila v. Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources both contributed to making Habitat Conservation Plans/ Incidental Take Permits "a major force for wildlife conservation and a major headache to the development community", wrote Robert D.Thornton in the 1991 Environmental Law article, Searching for Consensus and Predictability: Habitat Conservation Planning under the Endangered Species Act of 1973. Question: What 1981 court decision added to the power of HCPs and ITPs for conservation? Answer: Palila v. Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources Question: Who wrote the article "Searching for Consensus and Predictability: Habitat Conservation Planning under the Endangered Species Act of 1973." Answer: Robert D.Thornton Question: What did Thornton compare the scientific and legal advances to, from the viewpoint of the development community? Answer: a major headache Question: When did private lands start to have more recognition? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who ruled on the Palila v. Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Thornton say the role of private lands was like for the development community? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was the Environmental Law magazine started? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What case limited ITP power? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In 1870, following the stunning defeat of the French Army by the Germans in the Franco-Prussian War, French workers and socialist revolutionaries seized Paris and created the Paris Commune. The Commune lasted for two months before it was crushed by the French Army, with much bloodshed. The original red banners of the Commune became icons of the socialist revolution; in 1921 members of the French Communist Party came to Moscow and presented the new Soviet government with one of the original Commune banners; it was placed (and is still in place) in the tomb of Vladimir Lenin, next to his open coffin. Question: Who was defeated in the Franco-Prussian war? Answer: the French Army Question: After Paris was seized as a result of the Franco-Prussian war, what did revolutionaries and workers create? Answer: the Paris Commune Question: For how long did the Paris Commune exist? Answer: two months Question: Next to whom was a a Paris Commune banner placed? Answer: Vladimir Lenin Question: In what year did people of the French Communist party go to Moscow to give the Soviet government a Paris Commune banner? Answer: 1921 Question: Who did the French Army defeat in 1870? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What war did the French Army defeat the Germans in? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What happened in 1912? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Among the largest non-state-run research institutions in Portugal are the Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência and the Champalimaud Foundation, a neuroscience and oncology research centre, which in addition awards every year one of the highest monetary prizes of any science prize in the world. A number of both national and multinational high-tech and industrial companies, are also responsible for research and development projects. One of the oldest learned societies of Portugal is the Sciences Academy of Lisbon, founded in 1779. Question: What are two of the large non-state run research institutions in Portugal? Answer: Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência and the Champalimaud Foundation Question: What is the Champalimaud Foundation? Answer: neuroscience and oncology research centre Question: What does the Champalimaud Foundation award every year? Answer: one of the highest monetary prizes of any science prize in the world Question: In what year was the Sciences Academy of Lisbon founded? Answer: 1779
Context: It was temporarily under the control of the Tibetan empire and Chinese from 650–680 and then under the control of the Umayyads in 710. The Samanid Empire, 819 to 999, restored Persian control of the region and enlarged the cities of Samarkand and Bukhara (both cities are today part of Uzbekistan) which became the cultural centers of Iran and the region was known as Khorasan. The Kara-Khanid Khanate conquered Transoxania (which corresponds approximately with modern-day Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, southern Kyrgyzstan and southwest Kazakhstan) and ruled between 999–1211. Their arrival in Transoxania signaled a definitive shift from Iranian to Turkic predominance in Central Asia, but gradually the Kara-khanids became assimilated into the Perso-Arab Muslim culture of the region. Question: When was the region under Tibetan empire and the CHinese? Answer: 650–680 Question: Who took control of the regin in 710? Answer: Umayyads Question: Who restored Persian control of the region? Answer: The Samanid Empire, Question: What was the name of the region when it was the cultural center of Iran? Answer: Khorasan Question: When was the land under Tibetan empire and Chinese? Answer: 650–680 Question: When was Tajikistan under Ymayyads contorl? Answer: 710 Question: Who conquered Tansaxania? Answer: The Kara-Khanid Khanate Question: When did the Samanid Empire rule the land? Answer: The Samanid Empire Question: Who restored Polish control of the region? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Whose arrival in Texas signaled a definite shift from Iranian to Turkic predominance? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who ruled between 1999-1211? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who shrunk the cities of Samarkand and Bukhara? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was temporarily under control of the Turkish empire? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In 677 (during the reign of Emperor Gaozong), Chen Zheng (陳政), together with his son Chen Yuanguang (陳元光), led a military expedition to pacify the rebellion in Fujian. They settled in Zhangzhou and brought the Middle Chinese phonology of northern China during the 7th century into Zhangzhou; In 885, (during the reign of Emperor Xizong of Tang), the two brothers Wang Chao (王潮) and Wang Shenzhi (王審知), led a military expedition force to pacify the Huang Chao rebellion. They brought the Middle Chinese phonology commonly spoken in Northern China into Zhangzhou. These two waves of migrations from the north generally brought the language of northern Middle Chinese into the Fujian region. This then gradually evolved into the Zhangzhou dialect. Question: Who was the ruler of China in 677? Answer: Emperor Gaozong Question: Who led the military expedition in Fujian? Answer: Chen Zheng Question: What is the name of the son of Chen Zheng? Answer: Chen Yuanguang Question: Who was the ruler of China in 885? Answer: Emperor Xizong of Tang Question: What was responsible for bringing the language of North middle China to the Fujian region? Answer: two waves of migrations from the north Question: What country did Chen Yuanguang rule in 677? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Chen Yuanguang and his son lead a military exedition for? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did Wang Chao and his son lead an expedition to pacify the Huanf Chao rebellion? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was Wang Chao's son? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What dialect did the migrations from the south help to develop? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who led waves of migrations during the reign of Emperor Gaozong? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Wang Chao bring during the 7th century into Zhangzhou? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Wang Shenzhi do in China in 677? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is Wang Chao's sons name? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was the ruler of Xizong in 677? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The strength of the Viking influence on Old English appears from the fact that the indispensable elements of the language - pronouns, modals, comparatives, pronominal adverbs (like "hence" and "together"), conjunctions and prepositions - show the most marked Danish influence; the best evidence of Scandinavian influence appears in the extensive word borrowings for, as Jespersen indicates, no texts exist in either Scandinavia or in Northern England from this time to give certain evidence of an influence on syntax. The change to Old English from Old Norse was substantive, pervasive, and of a democratic character. Old Norse and Old English resembled each other closely like cousins and with some words in common, they roughly understood each other; in time the inflections melted away and the analytic pattern emerged. It is most “important to recognize that in many words the English and Scandinavian language differed chiefly in their inflectional elements. The body of the word was so nearly the same in the two languages that only the endings would put obstacles in the way of mutual understanding. In the mixed population which existed in the Danelaw these endings must have led to much confusion, tending gradually to become obscured and finally lost.” This blending of peoples and languages happily resulted in “simplifying English grammar.” Question: What language influenced Old English as a result of the Viking invasions? Answer: Danish Question: What language was spoken in Northern England after the Viking invasions? Answer: Old Norse Question: Between the English and Scandinavian language, what elements were most different? Answer: inflectional Question: What language was influenced by English as a result of Viking invasions? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What language replace Norse in Northern England? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did English and Scandinavian have in common? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What led to a simpler Norse grammar? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The country bounced between socialism and adherence to the neoliberal model. Land reform and nationalizations were enforced; the Portuguese Constitution (approved in 1976) was rewritten in order to accommodate socialist and communist principles. Until the constitutional revisions of 1982 and 1989, the constitution was a highly charged ideological document with numerous references to socialism, the rights of workers, and the desirability of a socialist economy. Portugal's economic situation after its transition to democracy, obliged the government to pursue International Monetary Fund (IMF)-monitored stabilization programs in 1977–78 and 1983–85. Question: Between which two political ideals did Portugal bounce between? Answer: socialism and adherence to the neoliberal model Question: In what year was the Portuguese Constitution approved? Answer: 1976 Question: For what reasons were the Portuguese Constitution rewritten? Answer: to accommodate socialist and communist principles
Context: Speculation that the Ashkenazi arose from Khazar stock surfaced in the later 19th century and has met with mixed fortunes in the scholarly literature. In late 2012 Eran Elhaik, a research associate studying genetics at the Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, argued for Khazar descent in his paper The Missing Link of Jewish European Ancestry: Contrasting the Rhineland and the Khazarian Hypotheses. A 2013 study of Ashkenazi mitochondrial DNA found no significant evidence of Khazar contribution to the Ashkenazi Jewish DNA, as would be predicted by the Khazar hypothesis. Question: When did the idea that the Ashkenazi may have come from Khazar stock come about? Answer: in the later 19th century Question: Did Eran Elhaik, from Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health argue for or against Khazar descent? Answer: argued for Khazar descent Question: What did a 2013 study of Ashkenazi mitochondrial DNA find in regards to the Khazar descent idea? Answer: no significant evidence of Khazar contribution to the Ashkenazi Jewish DNA
Context: Dell had a reputation as a company that relied upon supply chain efficiencies to sell established technologies at low prices, instead of being an innovator. By the mid-2000s many analysts were looking to innovating companies as the next source of growth in the technology sector. Dell's low spending on R&D relative to its revenue (compared to IBM, Hewlett Packard, and Apple Inc.)—which worked well in the commoditized PC market—prevented it from making inroads into more lucrative segments, such as MP3 players and later mobile devices. Increasing spending on R&D would have cut into the operating margins that the company emphasized. Dell had done well with a horizontal organization that focused on PCs when the computing industry moved to horizontal mix-and-match layers in the 1980s, but by the mid-2000 the industry shifted to vertically integrated stacks to deliver complete IT solutions and Dell lagged far behind competitors like Hewlett Packard and Oracle. Question: What did Dell rely on that gave it a reputation? Answer: supply chain efficiencies Question: What did Dell maintain lower spending on than its competitors? Answer: R&D Question: What was Dell's organizational structure considered? Answer: horizontal Question: Dell lagged behind Hewlett Packard and Oracle in delivering what kind of solutions? Answer: IT solutions Question: What did Dell rely on that gave it a bad reputation? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did IBM rely on that gave it a reputation? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Dell maintain higher spending on than its competitors? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What wasn't Dell's organizational structure considered? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Dell went ahead of Hewlett Packard and Oracle in delivering what kind of solutions? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: U.S. President Barack Obama has rarely used the term, but in his inaugural address on 20 January 2009, he stated "Our nation is at war, against a far-reaching network of violence and hatred." In March 2009 the Defense Department officially changed the name of operations from "Global War on Terror" to "Overseas Contingency Operation" (OCO). In March 2009, the Obama administration requested that Pentagon staff members avoid use of the term, instead using "Overseas Contingency Operation". Basic objectives of the Bush administration "war on terror", such as targeting al Qaeda and building international counterterrorism alliances, remain in place. In December 2012, Jeh Johnson, the General Counsel of the Department of Defense, stated that the military fight will be replaced by a law enforcement operation when speaking at Oxford University, predicting that al Qaeda will be so weakened to be ineffective, and has been "effectively destroyed", and thus the conflict will not be an armed conflict under international law. In May 2013, Obama stated that the goal is "to dismantle specific networks of violent extremists that threaten America"; which coincided with the U.S. Office of Management and Budget having changed the wording from "Overseas Contingency Operations" to "Countering Violent Extremism" in 2010. Question: What did Obama say the US is at war with, in 2009? Answer: a far-reaching network of violence and hatred Question: What was the "Global War on Terror" officially renamed to in March 2009? Answer: Overseas Contingency Operation Question: What term did Obama want the government to stop using? Answer: war on terror Question: Who said in 2012 that the fight would change from military to law enforcement? Answer: Jeh Johnson Question: What was the "Overseas Contingency Operations" renamed to in 2010? Answer: Countering Violent Extremism Question: What did Barack Obama change the name of "Global War on Terror' to? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the OOC also known as? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who spoke at Oxford University in December of 2013? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who defined the goal in a speech in May of 2012? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What year was "Overseas Contingency Operations" changed to "Violent Extremism Countering?" Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the Overseas Contingency Operation renamed as in 2009? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did the Defense Department change its name to? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What university did Jeh Johnson work for? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Obama say the military fight would be replaced with? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who did Pentagon staff members request to avoid the term war on terror? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: There is evidence of induced copper deficiency in those taking 100–300 mg of zinc daily. A 2007 trial observed that elderly men taking 80 mg daily were hospitalized for urinary complications more often than those taking a placebo. The USDA RDA is 11 and 8 mg Zn/day for men and women, respectively. Levels of 100–300 mg may interfere with the utilization of copper and iron or adversely affect cholesterol. Levels of zinc in excess of 500 ppm in soil interfere with the ability of plants to absorb other essential metals, such as iron and manganese. There is also a condition called the zinc shakes or "zinc chills" that can be induced by the inhalation of freshly formed zinc oxide formed during the welding of galvanized materials. Zinc is a common ingredient of denture cream which may contain between 17 and 38 mg of zinc per gram. There have been claims of disability, and even death, due to excessive use of these products. Question: What kind of deficiency is common from taking 100-300mg of zinc daily? Answer: copper Question: What kind of complications were seen in men taking 80mg zinc a day? Answer: urinary Question: Having an excess of 500ppm of zinc in soil interferes with what? Answer: ability of plants to absorb other essential metals Question: What is caused by inhaling freshly formed zinc oxide? Answer: zinc shakes or "zinc chills" Question: People have claimed that the excessive use of what common product has caused disability and death? Answer: denture cream Question: What kind of deficiency is common from taking 1000-3000mg of zinc daily? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What kind of superpowers were seen in men taking 80mg zinc a day? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Having an excess of 500ppm of zinc in soil helps with what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is caused by inhaling freshly formed zinc hydroxide? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What have people claimed excessive use of caused psychic powers? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The history of biodiversity during the Phanerozoic (the last 540 million years), starts with rapid growth during the Cambrian explosion—a period during which nearly every phylum of multicellular organisms first appeared. Over the next 400 million years or so, invertebrate diversity showed little overall trend, and vertebrate diversity shows an overall exponential trend. This dramatic rise in diversity was marked by periodic, massive losses of diversity classified as mass extinction events. A significant loss occurred when rainforests collapsed in the carboniferous. The worst was the Permian-Triassic extinction event, 251 million years ago. Vertebrates took 30 million years to recover from this event. Question: Which era included a rapid growth period? Answer: the Cambrian explosion Question: The Phanerozoic era covers what time period? Answer: the last 540 million years Question: In which era, did the first phylum of multicellular organisms appear? Answer: the Cambrian explosion Question: What type of diversity showed an overall exponential trend? Answer: vertebrate diversity Question: In which event did the rainforests collapsed in the carboniferous? Answer: the Permian-Triassic extinction event Question: Which era included a rapid phylum period? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The Cambrian era covers what time period? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In which era, did the first phylum of organisms appear? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of diversity showed an overall extinction trend? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In which event did the vertebrates collapse in the carboniferous? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: There is disagreement whether madaris ever became universities. Scholars like Arnold H. Green and Seyyed Hossein Nasr have argued that starting in the 10th century, some medieval Islamic madaris indeed became universities. George Makdisi and others, however, argue that the European university has no parallel in the medieval Islamic world. Darleen Pryds questions this view, pointing out that madaris and European universities in the Mediterranean region shared similar foundations by princely patrons and were intended to provide loyal administrators to further the rulers' agenda. Other scholars regard the university as uniquely European in origin and characteristics. Question: When did some madaris become considered like traditional colleges? Answer: 10th century Question: What class of people founded both European universities and Islamic madaris Answer: princely patrons Question: What was considered to be the underlying purpose of madaris? Answer: further the rulers' agenda Question: Who argued that European universities and Islamic madaris have very little in common? Answer: George Makdisi Question: When did some madaris become considered unlike traditional colleges? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What class of people founded only European universities? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What class of people founded only Islamic madaris? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was considered to be the overt purpose of madaris? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who agreed that European universities and Islamic madaris have very little in common? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: This method produces the clear plastic blank part of the disc. After a metallic reflecting layer (usually aluminium, but sometimes gold or other metal) is applied to the clear blank substrate, the disc goes under a UV light for curing and it is ready to go to press. To prepare to press a CD, a glass master is made, using a high-powered laser on a device similar to a CD writer. The glass master is a positive image of the desired CD surface (with the desired microscopic pits and lands). After testing, it is used to make a die by pressing it against a metal disc. Question: What materials can be used to make the reflective layer on a CD? Answer: usually aluminium, but sometimes gold or other metal Question: What type of light is used to cure CDs? Answer: UV Question: What is a glass master? Answer: positive image of the desired CD surface Question: How are glass masters created? Answer: high-powered laser Question: What is the clear blank side made out of? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is used to apply the reflecting layer to the clear layer? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How is a CD writer made? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How is a positive image made of the CD made? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How are the pits and lands made? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The formation of the party was formally announced at Sydney Town Hall on 31 August 1945. It took the name "Liberal" in honour of the old Commonwealth Liberal Party. The new party was dominated by the remains of the old UAP; with few exceptions, the UAP party room became the Liberal party room. The Australian Women's National League, a powerful conservative women's organisation, also merged with the new party. A conservative youth group Menzies had set up, the Young Nationalists, was also merged into the new party. It became the nucleus of the Liberal Party's youth division, the Young Liberals. By September 1945 there were more than 90,000 members, many of whom had not previously been members of any political party. Question: Where was the formation of the Liberal party officially announced? Answer: Sydney Town Hall Question: Where did the name "Liberal" come from? Answer: in honour of the old Commonwealth Liberal Party Question: What was the name of the Liberal Party's youth division? Answer: Young Liberals Question: How many members were in the Young Liberals by Sept 1945? Answer: more than 90,000 Question: Where was the formation of the UAP party officially announced? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where did the name "Young Nationalists" come from? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the name of the Liberal Party's conservative division? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many members were in the UAP by Sept 1945? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was a powerful liberal women's organization? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Neutering reduces problems caused by hypersexuality, especially in male dogs. Spayed female dogs are less likely to develop some forms of cancer, affecting mammary glands, ovaries, and other reproductive organs. However, neutering increases the risk of urinary incontinence in female dogs, and prostate cancer in males, as well as osteosarcoma, hemangiosarcoma, cruciate ligament rupture, obesity, and diabetes mellitus in either sex. Question: Hypersexual behavior in male dogs is diminished by what? Answer: Neutering Question: According to the text, what is a possible side effect of neutering a female dog? Answer: urinary incontinence Question: Female dogs are less likely to develop cancer if what happens? Answer: Spayed Question: What is increased in female dogs with neutering? Answer: urinary incontinence Question: What is increased in male dogs with neutering? Answer: prostate cancer
Context: Madonna also began work on her thirteenth studio album, with collaborators including Avicii, Diplo and Natalia Kills. In December 2014, thirteen demos recorded for the album leaked onto the Internet. She posted in response that half of the tracks would not be used on the final release, while the other half had "changed and evolved". The album, titled Rebel Heart, was released on March 10, 2015. From September 2015, she embarked on the Rebel Heart Tour to promote the album; the tour ended in March 2016 and traveled throughout North America, Europe and Asia and was the singer's first visit to Australia in 23 years, where she also performed a one-off show for her fans. It grossed a total of $169.8 million from the 82 shows, with over 1.045 million ticket sales. While on tour Madonna became embroiled in a legal battle with Ritchie, over the custody of her son Rocco. The dispute started when Rocco decided to continue living at England with Ritchie when the Rebel Heart Tour had visited there, while Madonna wanted him to return with her. Court hearings took place in both New York and London, and after multiple deliberations, Madonna decided to withdraw her application for custody, and appealed for a mutual discussion between herself and Ritchie about Rocco. Question: When did Madonna's album demo leaked online? Answer: December 2014 Question: What is Madonna's thirteenth album called? Answer: Rebel Heart Question: When was Rebel Heart released? Answer: March 10, 2015 Question: When did Madonna embark on the Rebel Heart Tour? Answer: September 2015 Question: How much did Rebel Heart Tour grossed? Answer: $169.8 million
Context: However, since the end of the Cold War, as the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) has moved much of its defence focus "out of area", the Canadian military has also become more deeply engaged in international security operations in various other parts of the world – most notably in Afghanistan since 2002. Question: What Treaty is the CAF part of? Answer: the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Question: What type of operation is the Canadian Military involved in? Answer: international security operations Question: What country has the Canadian Military worked in the last years? Answer: Afghanistan Question: What year did the Canadian Military operation in Afghanistan start? Answer: 2002 Question: Where is the current focus of the Canadian Military set? Answer: out of area Question: What does NTAO stand for? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What year did the Cold War end? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What country began war in 2002? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What Treaty is the CAF not part of? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of operation is the Canadian Military uninvolved in? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What country has the Canadian Military not worked in the last years? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What year did the Canadian Military operation in Afghanistan end? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where is the current focus of the Canadian Military not set? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) and National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) are required to create an Endangered Species Recovery Plan outlining the goals, tasks required, likely costs, and estimated timeline to recover endangered species (i.e., increase their numbers and improve their management to the point where they can be removed from the endangered list). The ESA does not specify when a recovery plan must be completed. The FWS has a policy specifying completion within three years of the species being listed, but the average time to completion is approximately six years. The annual rate of recovery plan completion increased steadily from the Ford administration (4) through Carter (9), Reagan (30), Bush I (44), and Clinton (72), but declined under Bush II (16 per year as of 9/1/06). Question: What four topics are required in an Endangered Species Recovery Plan? Answer: goals, tasks required, likely costs, and estimated timeline to recover endangered species Question: What is the time limit for completing an Endangered Species Recovery Plan? Answer: The ESA does not specify when a recovery plan must be completed. Question: What Recovery Plan duration the does Fish and Wildlife Service plan for in their policies? Answer: completion within three years Question: What is the average time of completion of an Endangered Species Recovery Plan? Answer: approximately six years Question: Which president had the most completed Recovery Plans during their administration? Answer: Clinton (72) Question: What does FWS require NMFS to create? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What length of time does the NMFS policy say plans must be completed by? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the average completion time for an FWS plan? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who requires the FWS to have a completion policy? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What organizations are not required to have a recovery plan? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In the past several decades, Ann Arbor has grappled with the effects of sharply rising land values, gentrification, and urban sprawl stretching into outlying countryside. On 4 November 2003, voters approved a greenbelt plan under which the city government bought development rights on agricultural parcels of land adjacent to Ann Arbor to preserve them from sprawling development. Since then, a vociferous local debate has hinged on how and whether to accommodate and guide development within city limits. Ann Arbor consistently ranks in the "top places to live" lists published by various mainstream media outlets every year. In 2008, it was ranked by CNNMoney.com 27th out of 100 "America's best small cities". And in the year 2010, Forbes listed Ann Arbor as one of the most liveable cities in the United States of America. Question: Which magazine listed Ann Arbor as one of the most liveable cities in the USA? Answer: Forbes Question: For the past few years, what effects has the city Ann Arbor grappled with? Answer: sharply rising land values Question: What plan did the city voters approve in 2003? Answer: greenbelt plan Question: What kind of plan did voters approve on November 4, 2300? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What year was Ann Arbor listed 27th by Forbes? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What year was Ann Arbor listed as one of the most liveable cities by CNNMoney.com? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Gagarin became a national hero of the Soviet Union and the Eastern Bloc, and a worldwide celebrity. Moscow and other cities in the USSR held mass demonstrations, the scale of which was second only to the World War II Victory Parade of 1945. April 12 was declared Cosmonautics Day in the USSR, and is celebrated today in Russia as one of the official "Commemorative Dates of Russia." In 2011, it was declared the International Day of Human Space Flight by the United Nations. Question: April 12, in the USSR, is what special day? Answer: Cosmonautics Day Question: What year was established as the International Day of Human Space Flight by the United Nations? Answer: 2011
Context: A cardinal who is not a bishop is still entitled to wear and use the episcopal vestments and other pontificalia (episcopal regalia: mitre, crozier, zucchetto, pectoral cross and ring). Even if not a bishop, any cardinal has both actual and honorary precedence over non-cardinal patriarchs, as well as the archbishops and bishops who are not cardinals, but he cannot perform the functions reserved solely to bishops, such as ordination. The prominent priests who since 1962 were not ordained bishops on their elevation to the cardinalate were over the age of 80 or near to it, and so no cardinal who was not a bishop has participated in recent papal conclaves. Question: A cardinal who does not hold the title of "bishop" may not do what? Answer: perform the functions reserved solely to bishops, such as ordination Question: Cardinals who were not bishops have been promoted to Cardinal around the age of 80 since what year? Answer: 1962 Question: What is a cardinal who is a bishop entitles to wear and use? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What six items make up the episcopal regalia? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What may a cardinal who does not hold the title of "bishop" do? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What year were cardinals were were bishops have been promoted to Cardinal around the age of 80? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: During his brief majority reign, Murad IV (1612–1640) reasserted central authority and recaptured Iraq (1639) from the Safavids. The resulting Treaty of Zuhab of that same year decisively parted the Caucasus and adjacent regions between the two neighbouring empires as it had already been defined in the 1555 Peace of Amasya. The Sultanate of women (1648–1656) was a period in which the mothers of young sultans exercised power on behalf of their sons. The most prominent women of this period were Kösem Sultan and her daughter-in-law Turhan Hatice, whose political rivalry culminated in Kösem's murder in 1651. During the Köprülü Era (1656–1703), effective control of the Empire was exercised by a sequence of Grand Viziers from the Köprülü family. The Köprülü Vizierate saw renewed military success with authority restored in Transylvania, the conquest of Crete completed in 1669, and expansion into Polish southern Ukraine, with the strongholds of Khotyn and Kamianets-Podilskyi and the territory of Podolia ceding to Ottoman control in 1676. Question: Who recaptured Iraq in 1639? Answer: Murad IV Question: Who had control over Iraq before it was recaptured in 1639? Answer: the Safavids Question: When was Kösem murdered? Answer: 1651 Question: What years define the Köprülü Era? Answer: 1656–1703 Question: What territory was conquered by the Köprülü Vizierate in 1669? Answer: Crete
Context: The responsibility for military command remained with the British Crown-in-Council, with a commander-in-chief for North America stationed at Halifax until the final withdrawal of British Army and Royal Navy units from that city in 1906. Thereafter, the Royal Canadian Navy was formed, and, with the advent of military aviation, the Royal Canadian Air Force. These forces were organised under the Department of Militia and Defence, and split into the Permanent and Non-Permanent Active Militias—frequently shortened to simply The Militia. By 1923, the department was merged into the Department of National Defence, but land forces in Canada were not referred to as the Canadian Army until November 1940. Question: Who initially had military command? Answer: the British Crown-in-Council Question: Where was the commander-in-chief stationed? Answer: Halifax Question: When did the British Army and Royal Navy withdraw from Halifax? Answer: 1906 Question: The Canadian Armed Forces were initially organized under what department? Answer: the Department of Militia and Defence Question: When did the unification complete of all the Canadian forces to be called the Canadian Army? Answer: November 1940 Question: What responsibility remained with a commander-in-chief for North America? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where was the British Crown-in-Council stationed? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What year was the Royal Canadian Navy formed? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When were land forces referred to as the Army of Canada? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who initially didn't have military command? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where was the secretary-in-chief stationed? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did the French Army and Royal Navy withdraw from Halifax? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The Canadian Armed Forces were initially disorganized under what department? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did the unification complete of all the Canadian forces to be called the French Army? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In 1904, the steamship General Slocum caught fire in the East River, killing 1,021 people on board. In 1911, the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire, the city's worst industrial disaster, took the lives of 146 garment workers and spurred the growth of the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union and major improvements in factory safety standards. Question: In what year did the General Slocum disaster occur? Answer: 1904 Question: How many people died on the General Slocum? Answer: 1,021 Question: In what building did the city's deadliest industrial disaster occur? Answer: Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Question: How many people died in the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire? Answer: 146 Question: The growth of what organization was prompted by the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire? Answer: International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union Question: A catastrophe in 1911 that killed 146 workers was called what? Answer: Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire
Context: The Liberals' immediate predecessor was the United Australia Party (UAP). More broadly, the Liberal Party's ideological ancestry stretched back to the anti-Labor groupings in the first Commonwealth parliaments. The Commonwealth Liberal Party was a fusion of the Free Trade Party and the Protectionist Party in 1909 by the second prime minister, Alfred Deakin, in response to Labor's growing electoral prominence. The Commonwealth Liberal Party merged with several Labor dissidents (including Billy Hughes) to form the Nationalist Party of Australia in 1917. That party, in turn, merged with Labor dissidents to form the UAP in 1931. Question: Which group was predecessor to the Liberals? Answer: United Australia Party (UAP) Question: From where did the ideology of the Liberals stem? Answer: anti-Labor groupings in the first Commonwealth parliaments Question: What did the Commonwealth Liberal Party merge to form? Answer: Nationalist Party of Australia Question: In what year was the Nationalist Party of Australia formed? Answer: 1917 Question: Which group was predecessor to the Free Trade Party? Answer: Unanswerable Question: from where did the prominence of the Liberals stem? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did the UAP merge to form? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year was the prime minister party formed? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did Billy Hughes fuse the Free Trade Party and the Protectionist Party? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Feynman has been called the "Great Explainer". He gained a reputation for taking great care when giving explanations to his students and for making it a moral duty to make the topic accessible. His guiding principle was that, if a topic could not be explained in a freshman lecture, it was not yet fully understood. Feynman gained great pleasure from coming up with such a "freshman-level" explanation, for example, of the connection between spin and statistics. What he said was that groups of particles with spin ½ "repel", whereas groups with integer spin "clump". This was a brilliantly simplified way of demonstrating how Fermi–Dirac statistics and Bose–Einstein statistics evolved as a consequence of studying how fermions and bosons behave under a rotation of 360°. This was also a question he pondered in his more advanced lectures, and to which he demonstrated the solution in the 1986 Dirac memorial lecture. In the same lecture, he further explained that antiparticles must exist, for if particles had only positive energies, they would not be restricted to a so-called "light cone". Question: Which nickname did Feynman receive? Answer: Great Explainer Question: Feynman believed that if a topic was not easily accessible to freshmen than it was not yet what? Answer: fully understood Question: In a lecture, Feynman said that what had to exist? Answer: antiparticles Question: Antiparticles had to exist because if particles only were of positive energy, they would not be in what? Answer: light cone Question: Which nickname did Feynman lose? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Feynman suggest can't exist in a lecture? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What unknown teacher was considered the "Great Explainer"? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Feynman think were static and could never spin? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: A test given to new students by Stanford University Music Professor Jonathan Berger showed that student preference for MP3-quality music has risen each year. Berger said the students seem to prefer the 'sizzle' sounds that MP3s bring to music. Question: Who gave students a test to determine their preferences? Answer: Music Professor Jonathan Berger Question: Where was a test performed to collect data on student preference for MP3 quality? Answer: Stanford University Question: Data showed that students' preference for MP3 quality music followed which trend? Answer: risen each year Question: What kind of sound did students seem to prefer? Answer: sizzle
Context: The original London production was scheduled to close on Saturday, 7 October 2006, at the Dominion Theatre, but due to public demand, the show ran until May 2014. We Will Rock You has become the longest running musical ever to run at this prime London theatre, overtaking the previous record holder, the Grease musical. Brian May stated in 2008 that they were considering writing a sequel to the musical. The musical toured around the UK in 2009, playing at Manchester Palace Theatre, Sunderland Empire, Birmingham Hippodrome, Bristol Hippodrome, and Edinburgh Playhouse. Question: When was Queen's London production scheduled to end in 2006? Answer: Saturday, 7 October Question: Where was Queen's 2006 London production held? Answer: Dominion Theatre Question: When did Queen's 2006 London production actually end? Answer: May 2014 Question: What is the longest running show at the Dominion Theatre? Answer: We Will Rock You Question: What is the second longest show at the Dominion Theatre? Answer: Grease
Context: The greatest mosaic work of the Palaeologan renaissance in art is the decoration of the Chora Church in Constantinople. Although the mosaics of the naos have not survived except three panels, the decoration of the exonarthex and the esonarthex constitute the most important full-scale mosaic cycle in Constantinople after the Hagia Sophia. They were executed around 1320 by the command of Theodore Metochites. The esonarthex has two fluted domes, specially created to provide the ideal setting for the mosaic images of the ancestors of Christ. The southern one is called the Dome of the Pantokrator while the northern one is the Dome of the Theotokos. The most important panel of the esonarthex depicts Theodore Metochites wearing a huge turban, offering the model of the church to Christ. The walls of both narthexes are decorated with mosaic cycles from the life of the Virgin and the life of Christ. These panels show the influence of the Italian trecento on Byzantine art especially the more natural settings, landscapes, figures. Question: where is the greatest mosaic work of the renaissance? Answer: the Chora Church in Constantinople Question: How many mosaic panels from naos have survived? Answer: three Question: The panels of naos are only capped in importance by which other location? Answer: the Hagia Sophia Question: Who commissioned the mosaics at naos? Answer: Theodore Metochites Question: The panels from naos show what influence on Byzantine art. Answer: Italian trecento
Context: Isaac Newton (1643–1727) inherited Descartes' mechanical conception of matter. In the third of his "Rules of Reasoning in Philosophy", Newton lists the universal qualities of matter as "extension, hardness, impenetrability, mobility, and inertia". Similarly in Optics he conjectures that God created matter as "solid, massy, hard, impenetrable, movable particles", which were "...even so very hard as never to wear or break in pieces". The "primary" properties of matter were amenable to mathematical description, unlike "secondary" qualities such as color or taste. Like Descartes, Newton rejected the essential nature of secondary qualities. Question: When was Descartes born? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Descartes write? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Newton reject that Descartes did not? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Descartes say were the universal qualities of matter? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Both primary and secondary properties are suited to what form of description? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: From the death of the Near East new nations were able to rise from the ashes, notably the Republic of Turkey. Paradoxically it now aligned itself with the west rather than with the east. Mustafa Kemal, its founder, a former Ottoman high-ranking officer, was insistent on this social revolution, which, among other changes, liberated women from the strait rules still in effect in most Arabic-speaking countries. The demise of the political Near East now left a gap where it had been, into which stepped the Middle East. Question: What was able to rise from the death of the Near East? Answer: new nations Question: What notable nation was able to rise from the ashes of the Near East? Answer: the Republic of Turkey Question: How did the Republic of Turkey align themselves? Answer: with the west Question: Who was the founder of the Republic of Turkey? Answer: Mustafa Kemal Question: Who was a former Ottoman high-ranking officer? Answer: Mustafa Kemal
Context: Southeast Tucson continues to experience rapid residential development. The area includes Davis-Monthan Air Force Base. The area is considered to be south of Golf Links Road. It is the home of Santa Rita High School, Chuck Ford Park (Lakeside Park), Lakeside Lake, Lincoln Park (upper and lower), The Lakecrest Neighborhoods, and Pima Community College East Campus. The Atterbury Wash with its access to excellent bird watching is also located in the Southeast Tucson area. The suburban community of Rita Ranch houses many of the military families from Davis-Monthan, and is near the southeastern-most expansion of the current city limits. Close by Rita Ranch and also within the city limits lies Civano, a planned development meant to showcase ecologically sound building practices and lifestyles. Question: Where is a great place to bird watch in Southeast Tuscon? Answer: The Atterbury Wash Question: Where do a lot of the families from Davis-Monthan Air Force Base live at? Answer: Rita Ranch Question: Rita Ranch also has a planned development called what? Answer: Civano Question: What is the name of the lake in Southeast Tuscon? Answer: Lakeside Lake Question: What is the name of the High School in the area of Southeast Tuscon? Answer: Santa Rita High School Question: What Air Force base is in Tucson? Answer: Davis-Monthan Air Force Base Question: What is the alternate name of Chuck Ford Park? Answer: Lakeside Park Question: What community college is in southeast Tucson? Answer: Pima Community College East Campus Question: Where do many Air Force families live? Answer: Rita Ranch Question: What is the goal of Civano? Answer: showcase ecologically sound building practices and lifestyles
Context: The Cubs had high expectations in 2002, but the squad played poorly. On July 5, 2002 the Cubs promoted assistant general manager and player personnel director Jim Hendry to the General Manager position. The club responded by hiring Dusty Baker and by making some major moves in '03. Most notably, they traded with the Pittsburgh Pirates for outfielder Kenny Lofton and third baseman Aramis Ramírez, and rode dominant pitching, led by Kerry Wood and Mark Prior, as the Cubs led the division down the stretch. Question: When did the Cubs promote assistant general manager and player personnel director Jim Hendry? Answer: July 5, 2002 Question: What was Jim Hendry promoted to? Answer: the General Manager position Question: Who did the Cubs hire in response to Jim Hendry's promotion? Answer: Dusty Baker

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