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AC/DC | AC/DC | AC/DC (stylized as ACϟDC) are an Australian rock band formed in Sydney in 1973 by Scottish-born brothers Malcolm and Angus Young. Although their music has been variously described as hard rock, blues rock, and heavy metal, the band themselves call it simply "rock and roll". | AC/DC est un groupe de hard rock australien, originaire de Sydney. Il est formé en 1973 par les frères écossais Angus et Malcolm Young. Bien que classé dans le hard rock et considéré comme un pionnier de ce genre musical ainsi que parfois du heavy metal, les membres du groupe ont toujours qualifié leur musique de. Elle pourrait aussi être catégorisée comme "hard blues". | [
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Konrad Adenauer | Konrad Adenauer | Konrad Hermann Joseph Adenauer (; 5 January 1876 – 19 April 1967) was a German statesman who served as the first Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) from 1949 to 1963. He was co-founder and first leader of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) (until 1966), a Christian Democratic party that under his leadership became one of the most influential parties in the country. | Konrad Hermann Joseph Adenauer, né le à Cologne et mort le à Rhöndorf, est un homme d'État allemand. Maire de Cologne, opposant au nazisme après l'avènement du Troisième Reich, membre de l'Union chrétienne-démocrate, il est le premier chancelier fédéral de la République fédérale d’Allemagne, de 1949 à 1963. | [
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Edmund Burke | Edmund Burke | Edmund Burke (; 12 January [NS] 1729 – 9 July 1797) was an Irish statesman and philosopher. Born in Dublin, Burke served as a member of parliament (MP) between 1766 and 1794 in the House of Commons of Great Britain with the Whig Party after moving to London in 1750. | Edmund Burke (, né à Dublin le en Irlande et mort à Beaconsfield le en Grande-Bretagne) est un homme politique et philosophe irlandais, longtemps député à la Chambre des communes britannique, en tant que membre du parti whig. Il est resté célèbre pour le soutien qu'il a apporté aux colonies d'Amérique du Nord lors de leur accession à l'indépendance, ainsi que pour sa ferme opposition à la Révolution française, exprimée dans ses "Reflections on the Revolution in France", qui fit de lui l'un des chefs de file de la faction conservatrice au sein du parti whig. | [
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Battle of Caporetto | Bataille de Caporetto | The Battle of Caporetto (also known as the Twelfth Battle of the Isonzo, the Battle of Kobarid or the Battle of Karfreit) was a battle on the Italian front of World War I. The battle was fought between the Kingdom of Italy and the Central Powers and took place from 24 October to 19 November 1917, near the town of Kobarid (now in north-western Slovenia, then part of the Austrian Littoral). The battle was named after the Italian name of the town (also known as "Karfreit" in German). | La bataille de Caporetto (également appelée "bataille de Karfreit" par les Empires centraux ou "douzième bataille de l'Isonzo") est une bataille de la Première Guerre mondiale, qui eut lieu du 24 octobre au dans le Nord de l'Italie. Caporetto, aujourd’hui Kobarid en Slovénie, est alors le point central d'une offensive austro-allemande menée par Otto von Below qui bouscule les armées italiennes. | [
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Actinidia chinensis | Actinidia chinensis | Actinidia chinensis, known commercially as the golden kiwifruit, is a fruiting vine, native to China. It is one of some 40 related species of the genus "Actinidia", and closely related to "Actinidia deliciosa", which is the source of the most common commercial kiwifruit. Fruit colour may vary from green to lime green or gold, depending on breeding. | Actinidia chinensis est une espèce de lianes de la famille des "Actinidiaceae". C'est une des espèces de kiwi. Elle est originaire de Chine mais est aussi cultivée ailleurs dans le monde. | [
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Battle of Fontenoy | Bataille de Fontenoy | The Battle of Fontenoy took place on 11 May 1745, during the War of the Austrian Succession, in the Belgian municipality of Antoing, near Tournai. A French army of 50,000 commanded by Marshal Saxe defeated a slightly larger Pragmatic Army of 52,000, led by the Duke of Cumberland. | La bataille de Fontenoy est un affrontement de la guerre de Succession d'Autriche qui se déroula le près de Fontenoy dans les Pays-Bas autrichiens (Belgique actuelle) et se solda par une victoire française. Elle est une conséquence du siège de la ville de Tournai (avril-juin 1745). | [
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Photocopier | Photocopieur | A photocopier (also known as a copier or copy machine) is a machine that makes copies of documents and other visual images onto paper or plastic film quickly and cheaply. Most modern photocopiers use a technology called "xerography", a dry process that uses electrostatic charges on a light-sensitive photoreceptor to first attract and then transfer toner particles (a powder) onto paper in the form of an image. Heat, pressure or a combination of both is then used to fuse the toner onto the paper. Copiers can also use other technologies such as ink jet, but xerography is standard for office copying. Earlier versions included the Gestetner stencil duplicator, invented by David Gestetner in 1887. | Un photocopieur, parfois abrégé en « copieur », ou une photocopieuse, est un appareil de reprographie permettant de reproduire un document rapidement et à faible coût lorsque le nombre d'exemplaires à reproduire est relativement peu élevé. | [
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Françoise-Athénaïs de Rochechouart, Marquise de Montespan | Madame de Montespan | Françoise-Athénaïs de Rochechouart de Mortemart, Marquise of Montespan (5 October 1640 – 27 May 1707), better known as Madame de Montespan (), was the most celebrated "maîtresse-en-titre" of King Louis XIV of France, by whom she had seven children. | Madame de Montespan ou Athénaïs de Montespan, à l'origine Françoise de Rochechouart de Mortemart, aussi appelée Mademoiselle de Tonnay-Charente, est née le à Lussac-les-Châteaux et morte le à Bourbon-l'Archambault. Elle tient son nom le plus célèbre de son mariage (1663) avec Louis-Henri de Pardaillan de Gondrin, qui lui donne le titre de marquise de Montespan. Présente à la cour de Versailles, elle devient la favorite de Louis XIV. De leur liaison sont nés sept enfants. | [
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Agave | Agave | Agave (,, ) is a genus of monocots native to the hot and arid regions of the Americas, although some "Agave" species are also native to tropical areas of South America. The genus "Agave" (from the Ancient Greek αγαυή, "agauê") is primarily known for its succulent and xerophytic species that typically form large rosettes of strong, fleshy leaves. Plants in this genus may be considered perennial, because they require several to many years to mature and flower. However, most "Agave" species are more accurately described as monocarpic rosettes or multiannuals, since each individual rosette flowers only once and then dies (see semelparity); a small number of "Agave" species are polycarpic. | Agave (du grec ancien / "agauê" : admirable) est un genre de plantes de la famille des "Asparagaceae". Les noms « pita », « maguey » ou « cabuya » leur sont aussi attribués. | [
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Gna! | Gna! | Gna! was a centralized location where software developers could develop, distribute and maintain free software. The service was shut down in 2017 after being around 13 years in service for dozens of software projects and millions of downloads served. | Gna! était à l'origine une association créée en 1989 par Loïc Dachary, entre autres, pour favoriser le développement et la distribution de logiciels libres. GNA était alors l'acronyme de "Gna is Not Axis". Il a été mis hors service en 2017. | [
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Plastid | Plaste | The plastid (Greek: πλαστός; plastós: formed, molded – plural plastids) is a membrane-bound organelle found in the cells of plants, algae, and some other eukaryotic organisms. They are considered endosymbiotic Cyanobacteria, related to the Gloeomargarita. Plastids were discovered and named by Ernst Haeckel, but A. F. W. Schimper was the first to provide a clear definition. Plastids are the site of manufacture and storage of important chemical compounds used by the cells of autotrophic eukaryotes. They often contain pigments used in photosynthesis, and the types of pigments in a plastid determine the cell's color. They have a common evolutionary origin and possess a double-stranded DNA molecule that is circular, like that of the circular chromosome of prokaryotic cells. | Le plaste, appelé aussi plastide, est un organite présent dans les cellules des eucaryotes chlorophylliens (algues et plantes). Un plaste possède une enveloppe composée d'une ou plusieurs membranes. Suivant la cellule, les plastes peuvent se spécialiser pour accomplir certaines fonctions, ainsi les chloroplastes sont le siège de la photosynthèse, les amyloplastes sont spécialisés dans le stockage d'amidon, ou encore les chromoplastes qui donnent leurs couleurs aux fruits. | [
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Erechtheion | Érechthéion | The Erechtheion or Erechtheum (;, ) is an ancient Greek temple on the north side of the Acropolis of Athens in Greece which was dedicated to both Athena and Poseidon. | L’Érechthéion (en grec ancien /, en grec moderne / ) est un ancien temple grec d’ordre ionique situé sur l'acropole d'Athènes, au nord du Parthénon. C’est le dernier monument érigé sur l’Acropole avant la fin du et il est renommé pour son architecture à la fois élégante et inhabituelle. | [
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Kingdom of Saxony | Royaume de Saxe | The Kingdom of Saxony (), lasting between 1806 and 1918, was an independent member of a number of historical confederacies in Napoleonic through post-Napoleonic Germany. The kingdom was formed from the Electorate of Saxony. From 1871 it was part of the German Empire. It became a free state in the era of Weimar Republic in 1918 after the end of World War I and the abdication of King Frederick Augustus III of Saxony. Its capital was the city of Dresden, and its modern successor state is the Free State of Saxony. | Le royaume de Saxe (en allemand : ') est un état d'Europe centrale (1806-1919), successeur de l'Électorat de Saxe (') et prédécesseur de l'État libre de Saxe ("). Le royaume fut gouverné par la branche albertine de la maison de Wettin et avait pour capitale Dresde. | [
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Go Nagai | Gō Nagai | , better known by the pen name, is a Japanese manga artist and a prolific author of science fiction, fantasy, horror and erotica. He made his professional debut in 1967 with "Meakashi Polikichi", but is best known for creating popular 1970s manga and anime series such as "Cutie Honey", "Devilman" and "Mazinger Z". He is credited with creating the super robot genre and for designing the first mecha robots piloted by a user from within a cockpit with "Mazinger Z", and for pioneering the magical girl genre with "Cutie Honey", the post-apocalyptic manga/anime genre with "Violence Jack", and the ecchi genre with "Harenchi Gakuen". In 2005, he became a Character Design professor at the Osaka University of Arts. He has been a member of the Tezuka Osamu Cultural Prize's nominating committee since 2009. | , plus connu sous son nom de plume, né le à, est un mangaka célèbre au Japon. Auteur de plus de 360 titres de ces bandes dessinées japonaises, il a participé, avec son studio Dynamic Planning, pour le compte de Toei Animation, à la 1ère œuvre à grand succès en France de ce studio, "Goldorak" (1975). Pourvoyeur de nombreuses esquisses de machines et personnages servant, quand elles étaient validées par Tôei, de bases de travail pour les charadesigners, il a longtemps été confondu avec le créateur de la série. Il est en réalité l'auteur du 1er Manga "UFO Robo Grendizer" conçu pour accompagner la diffusion de la série originale dans le cadre du système dit Media Mix que décrit le sociologue italien des media Marco Pellitteri. | [
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Saxe-Coburg and Gotha | Duché de Saxe-Cobourg et Gotha | Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (), or Saxe-Coburg-Gotha (), was an Ernestine, Thuringian duchy ruled by a branch of the House of Wettin, consisting of territories in the present-day states of Thuringia and Bavaria in Germany. It lasted from 1826 to 1918. In November 1918, Charles Edward, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, was forced to abdicate. In 1920, the northern part of the duchy (since 1918 the Free State of Saxe-Gotha; culturally and linguistically Thuringian) was merged with six other Thuringian free states to form the state of Thuringia: Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (until 1918 a grand duchy), Saxe-Altenburg and Saxe-Meiningen (until 1918 duchies), Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt and Schwarzburg-Sondershausen (until 1918 principalities), as well as the People's State of Reuss (until 1918 the principalities of Reuss-Gera and Reuss-Greiz). The southern part of the duchy (since 1918 the Free State of Coburg; culturally and linguistically Franconian), as southernmost of the Thuringian states, was the only one which, after a referendum, became part of Bavaria. | Le duché de Saxe-Cobourg et Gotha (en allemand : ") est un ancien État allemand (1826-1918) membre de la Confédération germanique (1826-1866) puis de la confédération de l'Allemagne du Nord (1866-1871) et de l'Empire allemand (1871-1918). Il était dirigé par la maison de Saxe-Cobourg et Gotha, issue de la branche ernestine de la maison de Wettin. | [
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Theodore Beza | Théodore de Bèze | Theodore Beza (; or "de Besze"; June 24, 1519 – October 13, 1605) was a French Reformed Protestant theologian, reformer and scholar who played an important role in the Reformation. He was a disciple of John Calvin and lived most of his life in Geneva. Beza succeeded Calvin as a spiritual leader of the Republic of Geneva, which was originally founded by John Calvin himself. | Théodore de Bèze, né le à Vézelay et mort le à Genève, est un humaniste, théologien protestant, traducteur de la Bible, professeur, ambassadeur et poète. Il fut le porte-parole de la Réforme en France au colloque de Poissy, puis pendant les guerres de religion. Il fut le chef incontesté de la cause réformée dans toute l’Europe et le successeur de Jean Calvin à la tête de l'Académie de Genève. | [
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Françoise d'Aubigné, Marquise de Maintenon | Madame de Maintenon | Françoise d'Aubigné, Marquise de Maintenon (27 November 1635 – 15 April 1719) was the second wife of King Louis XIV of France. She was known during her first marriage as Madame Scarron, and subsequently as Madame de Maintenon (,, ). Her marriage to the king was never officially announced or admitted, and thus she was never considered queen of France. Even so, she was very influential at court, and was one of the king's closest advisers. She founded the Maison royale de Saint-Louis, a school for girls from poorer noble families, in 1684. | Madame de Maintenon, née Françoise d'Aubigné ou, plus rarement, d'Aubigny, baptisée le à Niort et morte le à la Maison royale de Saint-Louis à Saint-Cyr, est une dame française des qui fut l'épouse puis la veuve de Paul Scarron. Par la suite, elle fut titrée marquise de Maintenon. Elle est la fondatrice de la Maison royale de Saint-Louis. | [
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House of Tudor | Maison Tudor | The House of Tudor was an English royal house of Welsh origin, descended from the Tudors of Penmynydd. Tudor monarchs ruled the Kingdom of England and its realms, including their ancestral Wales and the Lordship of Ireland (later the Kingdom of Ireland) from 1485 until 1603, with five monarchs in that period: Henry VII, Henry VIII, Edward VI, Mary I and Elizabeth I. The Tudors succeeded the House of Plantagenet as rulers of the Kingdom of England, and were succeeded by the House of Stuart. The first Tudor monarch, Henry VII of England, descended through his mother from a legitimised branch of the English royal House of Lancaster. The Tudor family rose to power in the wake of the Wars of the Roses (1455–1487), which left the House of Lancaster, with which the Tudors were aligned, extinct in the male line. | La famille Tudor est à l'origine d'une dynastie royale qui a donné son nom à la période de l'histoire anglaise située entre 1485 et 1603. L'ère Tudor marque la fin de la guerre civile qu'a constituée la guerre des Deux-Roses et couvre le règne de cinq monarques qui ont contribué à faire de l'Angleterre une puissance européenne majeure. | [
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Athenaeus | Athénée de Naucratis | Athenaeus of Naucratis (; or Nαυκράτιος, "Athēnaios Naukratitēs" or "Naukratios"; ) was a Greek rhetorician and grammarian, flourishing about the end of the 2nd and beginning of the 3rd century AD. The "Suda" says only that he lived in the times of Marcus Aurelius, but the contempt with which he speaks of Commodus, who died in 192, shows that he survived that emperor. He was a contemporary of Adrantus. | Athénée de Naucratis (en grec ancien / ), né à Naucratis, en Égypte, vers 170, est un érudit et grammairien grec dont la date et le lieu de la mort restent inconnus. Il est l'auteur des "Deipnosophistes", une compilation d'anecdotes et de citations d'auteurs antiques souvent perdus, ce qui en fait une source de premier plan. | [
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Ivan the Terrible | Ivan le Terrible | Ivan IV Vasilyevich (; ; 25 August 1530 – ), commonly known as Ivan the Terrible ( "Ivan Grozny"; "Ivan the Formidable" or "Ivan the Fearsome", ), was the Grand Prince of Moscow from 1533 to 1547 and the first Tsar of Russia from 1547 to 1584. | Ivan IV Vassiliévitch (en ), dit Ivan le Terrible (en, "Ivan Grozny"), né le à Kolomenskoïe et mort le à Moscou, est le grand-prince de Vladimir et Moscou de 1533 à 1584, et le premier tsar de Russie de 1547 à 1584. | [
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Theophrastus | Théophraste | Theophrastus (; "Theόphrastos"; c. 371 – c. 287 BC), a Greek native of Eresos in Lesbos (Λέσβος "Lésvos"), was the successor to Aristotle in the Peripatetic school. He came to Athens at a young age and initially studied in Plato's school. After Plato's death, he attached himself to Aristotle who took to Theophrastus in his writings. When Aristotle fled Athens, Theophrastus took over as head of the Lyceum. Theophrastus presided over the Peripatetic school for thirty-six years, during which time the school flourished greatly. He is often considered the "father of botany" for his works on plants. After his death, the Athenians honoured him with a public funeral. His successor as head of the school was Strato of Lampsacus. | Théophraste (en grec ancien ) est un philosophe de la Grèce antique né vers 371 av. J.-C. à Eresós (Lesbos) et mort vers 288 av. J.-C. à Athènes. Élève d’Aristote, il fut le premier scholarque du Lycée, de 322 à sa mort ; botaniste et naturaliste, polygraphe ou encore alchimiste. | [
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Rail transport in Sweden | Transport ferroviaire en Suède | Rail transport in Sweden uses a network of 15006.25 km of track, the 22nd largest in the world. Construction of the first railway line in Sweden began in 1855. The major operator of passenger trains is the state-owned SJ AB. In 1988, prompted by SJ's large deficits, the Swedish parliament privatized the network by ordering that the ownership of rail infrastructure be separated from the ownership of train operations, and opened up the system to private sector train operators by introducing competitive tendering for local rail service contracts. | Cet article décrit le réseau ferroviaire de Suède ainsi que les principaux acteurs impliqués dans l'exploitation et la gestion de ce réseau. | [
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Aponogeton | Aponogeton | The Aponogetonaceae (Cape-pondweed family or Aponogeton family) are a family of flowering plants in the order Alismatales. The Aponogetonaceae is considered to be allied to the Potamogetonaceae - Najadaceae complex of families. | Aponogeton est un genre de plantes vivaces aquatiques, type de la famille des "Aponogetonaceae". Parmi les 47 espèces du genre, "Aponogeton distachyos" a des racines tubéreuses, des feuilles flottantes, elliptiques allongées, à long pétiole. Les fleurs sont blanches en inflorescence en Y, elles n'ont qu'une ou deux pièces pétaloïdes sur les côtés. | [
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Submachine gun | Pistolet-mitrailleur | A submachine gun, abbreviated SMG, is a magazine-fed, automatic carbine designed to shoot handgun cartridges. The term "submachine gun" was coined by John T. Thompson, the inventor of the Thompson submachine gun. | Le pistolet-mitrailleur (PM), aussi appelé mitraillette, est une arme à feu individuelle à tir automatique utilisant une cartouche de pistolet. | [
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Hyacinthia | Hyacinthies | The death of Hyacinthus was celebrated at Amyclae by the second most important of Spartan festivals, the Hyacinthia (Ancient Greek / "Hyakínthia") in the Spartan month Hyacinthius in early summer. | Les Hyacinthies (en grec ancien / ) sont des festivités religieuses spartiates, organisées à Amyclées tous les ans, en mai-juin. | [
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Final Fantasy X-2 | Final Fantasy X-2 | "Final Fantasy X-2" set several precedents in the "Final Fantasy" series aside from being the first direct sequel in video game form and the second sequel in the franchise, after the anime "". It was the first game in the series to feature only three player characters, an all-female main cast, and early access to most of the game's locations. Additionally, it featured a variation of the character classes system—one of the series' classic gameplay concepts—and is one of the few games in the series to feature multiple endings. Finally, it was the first numbered game in the series that did not have musical contributions from longtime composer Nobuo Uematsu. | Final Fantasy X-2 (X-2 est prononcé « dix-deux ») est un jeu vidéo de rôle développé initialement par Squaresoft et édité par l'entreprise japonaise Enix. Il s'agit de la suite de "Final Fantasy X", faisant du jeu le premier "Final Fantasy" à être la suite directe d'un précédent épisode. Il est sorti en mars 2003 au Japon, en novembre en Amérique du Nord, puis en février 2004 en Europe. | [
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Joint-stock company | Société par actions | A joint-stock company is a business entity in which shares of the company's stock can be bought and sold by shareholders. Each shareholder owns company stock in proportion, evidenced by their shares (certificates of ownership). Shareholders are able to transfer their shares to others without any effects to the continued existence of the company. | Une société par actions (SPA) est une entreprise organisée sous la forme d'une société commerciale ayant un capital dont la souscription par les associés a fait l'objet de l'émission de titres représentatifs du capital, les actions ou parts sociales, remises aux souscripteurs ou associés, dès lors appelés actionnaires. Les actions confèrent à l'actionnaire des droits pécuniaires et des droits sociaux. | [
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Hyacinth (mythology) | Hyacinthe | Hyacinth or Hyacinthus (Ancient Greek: Ὑάκινθος "Huákinthos") is a divine hero and a lover of Apollo from Greek mythology. His cult at Amyclae southwest of Sparta dates from the Mycenaean era. A temenos or sanctuary grew up around what was alleged to be his burial mound, which was located in the Classical period at the feet of Apollo's statue. The literary myths serve to link him to local cults, and to identify him with Apollo. | Dans la mythologie grecque, Hyacinthe (en grec ancien ) est un jeune homme d'une grande beauté, aimé d'Apollon et de Zéphyr. Il trouve la mort car Zéphyr était jaloux qu'Apollon fût aussi amoureux, alors il dévia le disque d'Apollon qui frappa Hyacinthe à la tempe, ce qui le tua. De son sang naît une fleur qui porte son nom. Hyacinthe est un héros laconien dont le tombeau et le culte étaient situés à Amyclées près de Sparte. Les Hyacinthies, fête qui lui était dédiée à Amyclées, sont attestées à Cnossos et à Tylissos ainsi que dans beaucoup de cités doriennes. | [
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Dactylorhiza fuchsii | Orchis de Fuchs | Dactylorhiza fuchsii, the common spotted orchid, is a species of flowering plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae. "Dactylorhiza fuchsii" is one of Europe's commonest wild orchids. It is widespread across much of Europe, with the range extending eastward into Siberia, Mongolia and Xinjiang. The species is also reportedly naturalised in the Canadian Province of Ontario. | L'Orchis de Fuchs "(Dactylorhiza fuchsii)" est une espèce de plantes herbacées de la famille des "Orchidaceae". C'est une orchidée terrestre européenne. | [
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Hélie de Saint Marc | Hélie de Saint Marc | Hélie Denoix de Saint Marc or Hélie de Saint Marc, (11 February 1922 – 26 August 2013) was a senior member of the French resistance and a senior active officer of the French Army, having served in the French Foreign Legion, in particular at the heart and corps of the Foreign Airborne Battalions and Regiments, the heirs of the 2nd Foreign Parachute Regiment 2 REP, a part constituent of the 11th Parachute Brigade. Commandant by interim of the 1st Foreign Parachute Regiment 1 REP (disbanded in 1961), Hélie assumed full responsibility for commanding exclusively his regiment towards the Generals' Putsch in April 1961 and would be charged for such action while also distancing accusations that would compromise the integrity of the men acting under his direct orders of command. He was rehabilitated within his civilian and military rights in 1978 and awarded the high distinction of the Grand-Croix of the Legion of Honor on 28 November 2011. | Hélie Denoix de Saint Marc, dit Hélie de Saint Marc, né le à Bordeaux et mort le à La Garde-Adhémar (Drôme), est un résistant et un officier d'active de l'armée française, décoré des plus hautes distinctions militaires avec treize citations, ayant servi dans la Légion étrangère, en particulier au sein de ses unités parachutistes. Commandant par intérim du étranger de parachutistes, il prend part à la tête de son régiment au putsch des généraux en avril 1961 et il est condamné à dix ans de réclusion criminelle. Réhabilité dans ses droits en 1978, il est élevé à la dignité de grand-croix de la Légion d'honneur le. | [
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Perioeci | Périèques | The Perioeci or Períoikoi (, ) were the members of a social class and population group of non-citizen inhabitants of Laconia and Messenia, the territory controlled by Sparta, concentrated in the coastal and highland areas. The name Περίοικοι roughly means "those dwelling around/nearby", deriving from περί, "peri", "around", and, "oîkos", "dwelling, house". | Dans la Grèce antique, les Périèques (en grec ancien / ) étaient les habitants libres mais non citoyens de la Laconie et de la Messénie. Par extension, leur nom qui signifie « ceux du pourtour » (de /, « autour de » et /, « habitation, maison »), est parfois donné aux habitants libres, mais non citoyens, du voisinage d'autres cités ou colonies grecques. | [
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Ambiorix | Ambiorix | Ambiorix (Gaulish "king of the surroundings", or "king-protector") was, together with Cativolcus, prince of the Eburones, leader of a Belgic tribe of north-eastern Gaul (Gallia Belgica), where modern Belgium is located. In the nineteenth century Ambiorix became a Belgian national hero because of his resistance against Julius Caesar, as written in Caesar's "Commentarii de Bello Gallico". | Ambiorix est un chef des Éburons du, peuple belge du nord de la Gaule (Gaule belgique dans la terminologie antique). Selon Jules César, il partage ce commandement avec Catuvolcos « roi de la moitié des Éburons ». Les Éburons sont établis « entre la Meuse et le Rhin » selon César, dans la région de Tongres - à l'époque "Atuatuca Tungrorum", située « au centre du territoire » - ainsi qu'à Liège, dans l'Ardenne et en Campine. | [
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Enduro | Enduro | Enduro is a form of motorcycle sport run on extended cross-country, off-road courses. Enduro consists of many different obstacles and challenges. The main type of enduro event, and the format to which the World Enduro Championship is run, is a time-card enduro, whereby a number of stages are raced in a time trial against the clock. | L'enduro est une discipline de compétition de moto tout-terrain. Comme pour le rallye automobile, l'épreuve se compose d'un parcours à réaliser dans un temps imparti, généralement sur des chemins ouverts à la circulation et appelés « liaisons », et de secteurs chronométrés appelés « spéciales ». Cette discipline a longtemps été appelée « régularité », avant de prendre le terme définitif d'« enduro », synonyme d'endurance. C'est une des plus anciennes épreuves du sport motocycliste et la plus ancienne discipline tout-terrain, les premiers Concours International des Six Jours d'Enduro s'étant déroulés en 1913. | [
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Business valuation | Évaluation d'entreprise | Business valuation is a process and a set of procedures used to estimate the economic value of an owner's interest in a business. Valuation is used by financial market participants to determine the price they are willing to pay or receive to effect a sale of a business. In addition to estimating the selling price of a business, the same valuation tools are often used by business appraisers to resolve disputes related to estate and gift taxation, divorce litigation, allocate business purchase price among business assets, establish a formula for estimating the value of partners' ownership interest for buy-sell agreements, and many other business and legal purposes such as in shareholders deadlock, divorce litigation and estate contest. In some cases, the court would appoint a forensic accountant as the joint expert doing the business valuation. | L'évaluation d'entreprise est ici l'estimation, à partir de critères qui se veulent objectifs, de la juste valeur marchande (jvm) d'une entreprise à une date donnée, qui se définit comme le prix le plus élevé exprimé dans la devise du pays hôte, qui peut être obtenu pour un bien sur un marché totalement libre et sans restriction, lors d'une transaction entre un acheteur souhaitant acheter et un vendeur souhaitant vendre, qui sont prudents, informés et compétents, et qui agissent indépendamment l'un de l'autre. | [
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Republic of Venice | République de Venise | The Republic of Venice (; ) or Venetian Republic (; ), traditionally known as La Serenissima (; ; ), was a sovereign state and maritime republic in what is now northeastern Italy. It lasted from 697 AD until 1797 AD. Centered on the lagoon communities of the prosperous city of Venice, the republic grew into a trading power during the Middle Ages and strengthened this position in the Renaissance. Citizens spoke the still-surviving Venetian language, although publishing in (Florentine) Italian became the norm during the Renaissance. | La sérénissime république de Venise ( ; ), ou plus simplement république de Venise, parfois surnommée la Sérénissime, est une ancienne république sérénissime d'Italie, progressivement constituée au Moyen Âge autour de la cité de Venise, et qui s'est développée par l'annexion de territoires divers et de comptoirs commerciaux le long des côtes de la mer Adriatique, en Méditerranée orientale et en Italie du Nord, jusqu'à devenir une des principales puissances économiques européennes. Venise occupe alors une place prépondérante dans les échanges économiques entre l'Occident et l'Orient méditerranéen, byzantin ou musulman. | [
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Helianthus annuus | Tournesol | Helianthus annuus, the common sunflower, is a large annual forb of the genus "Helianthus" grown as a crop for its edible oil and edible fruits. This sunflower species is also used as wild bird food, as livestock forage (as a meal or a silage plant), in some industrial applications, and as an ornamental in domestic gardens. The plant was first domesticated in the Americas. Wild "Helianthus annuus" is a widely branched annual plant with many flower heads. The domestic sunflower, however, often possesses only a single large inflorescence (flower head) atop an unbranched stem. The name "sunflower" may derive from the flower's head's shape, which resembles the sun. | Le tournesol, ou anciennement Hélianthe ou Soleil ("Helianthus annuus"), est une grande plante annuelle, appartenant à la famille des Astéracées (Composées), dont les fleurs sont groupées en capitules de grandes dimensions. Le genre "Helianthus" comprend une cinquantaine d'espèces, toutes originaires d'Amérique du Nord, dont le topinambour ("Helianthus tuberosus" L.). | [
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Tropiques | Tropiques (revue) | Tropiques was a quarterly literary magazine published in Martinique from 1941 to 1945. It was founded by Aimé Césaire, Suzanne Césaire, and other Martinican intellectuals of the era, who contributed poetry, essays, and fiction to the magazine. While resisting the Vichy-supported government that ruled Martinique at the time, the writers commented on colonialism, surrealism, and other topics. André Breton, the French leader of surrealism, contributed to the magazine and helped turn it into a leading voice of surrealism in the Caribbean. | Tropiques est une revue culturelle martiniquaise fondée en 1941 par Aimé Césaire, sa femme, Suzanne Césaire, et René Ménil. Elle est destinée à valoriser le surréalisme et la culture et la littérature noire-africaine et caribéenne. Cette revue dénonce aussi le colonialisme, l'aliénation culturelle et le Régime de Vichy représenté en Martinique par l'Amiral Georges Robert. Cette revue anticolonialiste est jugée subversive par le Régime de Vichy et interdite. | [
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Elevator to the Gallows | Ascenseur pour l'échafaud | Elevator to the Gallows (; previously known as "Frantic" in the US), also known as Lift to the Scaffold (UK), is a 1958 French crime film directed by Louis Malle, starring Jeanne Moreau and Maurice Ronet as illicit lovers whose murder plot starts to unravel because of a malfunctioning elevator. The scenario was adapted from a 1956 novel of the same name by Noël Calef. | Ascenseur pour l'échafaud est un film dramatique français en noir et blanc sorti en 1958, réalisé par Louis Malle et tiré du roman du même nom de Noël Calef paru en 1956. Ce film noir est considéré comme l'un des premiers longs métrages de la Nouvelle Vague, et la bande son créée par Miles Davis y tient un rôle important. | [
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County of Barcelona | Comté de Barcelone | The County of Barcelona (, ) was originally a frontier region under the rule of the Carolingian dynasty. In the 10th century, the Counts of Barcelona became progressively independent, hereditary rulers in constant warfare with the Islamic Caliphate of Córdoba and its successor states. The counts, through marriage, alliances and treaties, acquired the other Catalan counties and extended their influence along Occitania. In 1164, the County of Barcelona entered a personal union with the Kingdom of Aragon. Thenceforward, the history of the county is subsumed within that of the Crown of Aragon, but the city of Barcelona remained preeminent within it. Within the Crown, the County of Barcelona and the other Catalan counties developed a common polity known as the Principality of Catalonia. | Le comté de Barcelone (en latin "Barcinonensis Comitatus") est à l'origine une subdivision du royaume wisigoth en Hispanie. Conquis par les Maures à la fin du, reconquis par Charlemagne en 801, il est intégré à la marche d'Espagne, province frontalière face aux musulmans d'Al-Andalus. Des comtes nommés par les souverains carolingiens se succèdent à la tête de ce comté, considéré comme le plus important de la marche. | [
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Eleanor of Navarre | Éléonore de Navarre | Eleanor of Navarre ( and ) (2 February 1426 – 12 February 1479), was the regent of Navarre from 1455 to 1479, then briefly the queen regnant of Navarre in 1479. She was crowned on 28 January 1479 in Tudela. | Éléonore de Navarre, née le à Olite, morte le à Tudela, est « reine légitime de Navarre » de 1464 à 1479 puis, pendant trois semaines, reine de Navarre en 1479. | [
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Arthur Eddington | Arthur Eddington | Sir Arthur Stanley Eddington (28 December 1882 – 22 November 1944) was an English astronomer, physicist, and mathematician. He was also a philosopher of science and a populariser of science. The Eddington limit, the natural limit to the luminosity of stars, or the radiation generated by accretion onto a compact object, is named in his honour. | Arthur Stanley Eddington, né à Kendal (Cumbria, Angleterre du Nord-Ouest) le et décédé à Cambridge le à l'âge de 61 ans, est un astrophysicien britannique, l'un des plus importants du début du. C'est lui qui mit en évidence la limite qui porte son nom, correspondant à la luminosité maximale que peut avoir une étoile d'une masse donnée sans commencer à perdre les couches supérieures de son atmosphère. | [
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Renaissance music | Musique de la Renaissance | Renaissance music is vocal and instrumental music written and performed in Europe during the Renaissance era. Consensus among music historians has been to start the era around 1400, with the end of the medieval era, and to close it around 1600, with the beginning of the Baroque period, therefore commencing the musical Renaissance about a hundred years after the beginning of the Renaissance as it is understood in other disciplines. As in the other arts, the music of the period was significantly influenced by the developments which define the Early Modern period: the rise of humanistic thought; the recovery of the literary and artistic heritage of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome; increased innovation and discovery; the growth of commercial enterprises; the rise of a bourgeois class; and the Protestant Reformation. From this changing society emerged a common, unifying musical language, in particular, the polyphonic style (this means music with multiple, independent melody lines performed simultaneously) of the Franco-Flemish school, whose greatest master was Josquin des Prez. | On désigne par musique de la Renaissance la musique européenne composée entre le, fin de la musique médiévale et le qui marque le début de la période baroque. Il s'agit d'une convention : si la dernière date n'est guère contestable avec, par exemple, l'avènement de l'opéra, il n'en est pas de même pour le début de cette période située, en ce qui concerne la musique, entre le Moyen Âge tardif et de la pré-Renaissance. | [
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Eyes Without a Face | Les Yeux sans visage | Eyes Without a Face () is a 1960 film co-written and directed by Georges Franju and starring Pierre Brasseur and Alida Valli, based on the novel of the same name by Jean Redon. Brasseur's character is a plastic surgeon who is determined to perform a face transplant on his daughter, who was disfigured in an auto crash. During the film's production, consideration was given to the standards of European censors by setting the right tone, minimizing gore and eliminating the mad scientist character. Although the film passed through the European censors, the film's release in Europe caused controversy nevertheless. Critical reaction ranged from praise to disgust. | Les Yeux sans visage est un film d'horreur franco-italien, en noir et blanc, réalisé par Georges Franju, sorti en 1960 et adapté du roman de Jean Redon, publié en 1959 dans la collection « "Angoisse" » des éditions Fleuve noir. | [
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Gary Cooper | Gary Cooper | Gary Cooper (born Frank James Cooper; May 7, 1901 – May 13, 1961) was an American actor known for his natural, authentic, and understated acting style. He won the Academy Award for Best Actor twice and had a further three nominations, as well as receiving an Academy Honorary Award for his career achievements in 1961. He was one of the top 10 film personalities for 23 consecutive years, and one of the top money-making stars for 18 years. The American Film Institute (AFI) ranked Cooper at No. 11 on its list of the 25 greatest male stars of classic Hollywood cinema. | Frank Cooper, dit Gary Cooper, est un acteur américain né le à Helena (Montana) et mort le à Beverly Hills (Californie). | [
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Desire | Désir | Desire is the emotion of longing or hoping for a person, object, or outcome. The same sense is expressed by words such as "craving". When a person desires something or someone, their sense of longing is excited by the enjoyment or the thought of the item or person, and they want to take actions to obtain their goal. The motivational aspect of desire has long been noted by philosophers (for example, stating that human desire is the fundamental motivation of all human action) as well as by scientists (see motivational salience). | Le désir désigne la sensation d'attraction et d'attente à l'égard d'une personne, d'un objet, d'une situation ou d'un futur particulier. Le désir et son contentement engendrent une tension chez l'individu qui le ressent et qui cherche à résoudre celle-ci pour combler le manque induit. La satisfaction du désir ou l'obtention de l'objet désiré mène - à différentes échelles de durées (courte, moyenne, longue) - à la jouissance, la joie, ou au bonheur. De nombreux philosophes ont analysé le désir sous ses différentes implications. Platon dans "Le Banquet", évoquait l'idée que le désir se fixe sur ce dont on manque. L'invention (ou découverte) par soi d'un objet de satisfaction potentielle est à l'origine du besoin de réaliser la possession de cet objet. Pour d'autres, comme Thomas Hobbes, le désir est par essence à l'origine de la motivation de toutes les actions humaines. | [
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Arthur Erickson | Arthur Erickson | Arthur Charles Erickson (June 14, 1924 – May 20, 2009) was a Canadian architect and urban planner. He studied Asian languages at the University of British Columbia, and later earned a degree from McGill University's School of Architecture. He is renowned for designing some of the most recognizable buildings and sites in Canada, including Roy Thomson Hall, Robson Square, the Museum of Glass and the Simon Fraser University campus. | Arthur C. Erickson, né le à Vancouver (Colombie-Britannique) et décédé le à Vancouver, était un architecte canadien. Il a réalisé de nombreux immeubles et des maisons au style à la Le Corbusier : | [
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Tango | Tango (danse) | Tango is a partner dance, and social dance that originated in the 1880s along the Río de la Plata, the natural border between Argentina and Uruguay. It was born in the impoverished port areas of these countries, with enslaved African populations. The tango is the result of a combination of African Candombe, Spanish-Cuban Habanera, and Argentinian Milonga. The tango was frequently practiced in the brothels and bars of ports, where business owners employed bands to entertain their patrons with music. The tango then spread to the rest of the world. Many variations of this dance currently exist around the world. | Le tango est une danse sociale et un genre "rioplatense" (c'est-à-dire du Río de la Plata, soit Buenos Aires et Rosario en Argentine, et Montevideo en Uruguay) né à la fin du. | [
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Kansai International Airport | Aéroport international du Kansai | Kansai opened on 4 September 1994 to relieve overcrowding at the original Osaka International Airport, referred to as Itami Airport, which is closer to the city of Osaka and now handles only domestic flights. It consists of two terminals: Terminal 1 and Terminal 2. Terminal 1, designed by Italian architect Renzo Piano, is the longest airport terminal in the world with a length of. The airport serves as an international hub for All Nippon Airways, Japan Airlines, and Nippon Cargo Airlines, and also serves as a hub for Peach, the first international low-cost carrier in Japan. | L', est un aéroport international construit sur une île artificielle dans la baie d'Ōsaka, au sud de la ville d'Ōsaka au Japon. Il est en service depuis le. | [
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Simon Fraser University | Université Simon Fraser | Simon Fraser University (SFU) is a public research university in British Columbia, Canada, with three campuses: Burnaby (main campus), Surrey, and Vancouver. The main Burnaby campus on Burnaby Mountain, located from downtown Vancouver, was established in 1965 and comprises more than 30,000 students and approximately 950 faculty members. | L’Université Simon Fraser (en anglais, "Simon Fraser University" – SFU) est une université publique située en Colombie-Britannique dont le campus principal est situé sur le, à Burnaby, à à l'est de Vancouver, et les campus secondaires au centre-ville de Vancouver et de Surrey. Le campus principal de "Burnaby Moutain", d'une superficie de, a été établi en 1965 et comprend plus de étudiants et 950 employés. Adjacent à l'université se trouve, une cité étudiante. L'université a été nommée ainsi en l'honneur de Simon Fraser, un vendeur de fourrure et explorateur de la Compagnie du Nord-Ouest. Les programmes "undergraduate" et "graduate" fonctionnent sur un programme tri-semestriel. | [
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Acorus calamus | Acore odorant | Acorus calamus (also called sweet flag or calamus, among many common names) is a species of flowering plant, a tall wetland monocot of the family Acoraceae, in the genus "Acorus". Although used in traditional medicine over centuries to treat digestive disorders and pain, there is no clinical evidence for its safety or efficacy – and ingested calamus may be toxic – leading to its commercial ban in the United States. | L'acore odorant "(Acorus calamus)" ou jonc odorant est une plante herbacée aquatique, pérenne, rhizomateuse de la famille des Acoracées. Ses autres noms vernaculaires sont : roseau aromatique, acore vrai, canne aromatique, schoenante. | [
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Ludwig II of Bavaria | Louis II (roi de Bavière) | Ludwig II (; ; 25 August 1845 – 13 June 1886) was King of Bavaria from 1864 until his death in 1886. He is sometimes called the Swan King or ("the Fairy Tale King"). He also held the titles of Count Palatine of the Rhine, Duke of Bavaria, Duke of Franconia, and Duke in Swabia. | Louis II de Bavière (en allemand ), né Louis Othon Frédéric Guillaume de Wittelsbach () le à Munich et mort le dans le lac de Starnberg, est le quatrième roi de Bavière, régnant de 1864 à 1886. Ses autres titres sont comte palatin, duc en Bavière, de Franconie et de Souabe. | [
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Chrodegang | Chrodegang de Metz | Saint Chrodegang (; ; died 6 March 766 AD) was the Frankish Bishop of Metz from 742 or 748 until his death. He served as chancellor for his kinsman, Charles Martel. Chrodegang is claimed to be a progenitor of the Frankish dynasty of the Robertians. | Chrodegang de Metz, né dans le diocèse de Liège vers 712 et mort à Metz le, fut évêque de Metz. Il est appelé aussi "Godegrand", "Gundigran", "Ratgang", "Rodigang", "Sirigang". Il est le fils de Sigramm et de Landrade, cette dernière appartenant à la famille des Robertiens. Il est l’un des acteurs de la renaissance carolingienne. | [
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Beta vulgaris | Beta vulgaris | Beta vulgaris (beet) is a plant which is included in the subfamily Betoideae of the family Amaranthaceae. It is the economically most important crop of the large order Caryophyllales. It has several cultivar groups: the sugar beet, of greatest importance to produce table sugar; the root vegetable known as the beetroot or garden beet; the leaf vegetable known as chard or spinach beet; and mangelwurzel, which is a fodder crop. Three subspecies are typically recognised. All cultivars fall into the subspecies "Beta vulgaris" subsp. "vulgaris". The wild ancestor of the cultivated beets is the sea beet ("Beta vulgaris" subsp. "maritima"). | Beta vulgaris est une espèce de plantes de la famille des "Amaranthaceae", originaire de l'ancien monde, dont plusieurs types de variétés sont cultivés (bettes, betteraves fourragères, potagères et sucrières). | [
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Hincmar | Hincmar de Reims | Hincmar (; ; ; 806 – 21 December 882), archbishop of Reims, was a Frankish jurist and theologian, as well as the friend, advisor and propagandist of Charles the Bald. He belonged to a noble family of northern Francia. | Hincmar, né en 806 et mort le à Épernay, est archevêque de Reims, très grand juriste il est également auteur de traités. Il est conseiller à la cour de Charles II le Chauve. | [
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Assault rifle | Fusil d'assaut | An assault rifle is a selective-fire rifle that uses an intermediate cartridge and a detachable magazine. Assault rifles were first put into mass production and accepted into widespread service during World War II. Though Western nations were slow to accept the assault rifle concept, by the end of the 20th century they had become the standard weapon in most of the world's armies, replacing full-powered rifles and sub-machine guns in most roles. Examples include the StG 44, AK-47 and the M16 rifle. | Un fusil d'assaut est une arme d'épaule conçue pour qu'un soldat soit capable de tirer de façon efficace jusqu'à environ en mode semi-automatique (distance au-delà de laquelle les cibles sont difficilement distinguables sans lunette), et à environ en tir automatique. | [
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Swedish literature | Littérature suédoise | Swedish literature refers to literature written in the Swedish language or by writers from Sweden. The first literary text from Sweden is the Rök Runestone, carved during the Viking Age circa 800 AD. With the conversion of the land to Christianity around 1100 AD, Sweden entered the Middle Ages, during which monastic writers preferred to use Latin. Therefore, there are only a few texts in the Old Swedish from that period. Swedish literature only flourished when the Swedish language was standardized in the 16th century, a standardization largely due to the full translation of the Bible into Swedish in 1541. This translation is the so-called Gustav Vasa Bible. | Les termes « littérature suédoise » ou « littérature de Suède » (qui peuvent être considérées interchangeables) se réfèrent aux œuvres littéraires écrites en langue suédoise ou dans une autre langue par des auteurs suédois. | [
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Orchestral percussion | Liste des percussions en musique classique | Orchestral percussion are percussion instruments used in orchestras and concert bands mainly in classical music and related styles. The term can also refer to the department or study of performance on said instruments at a music school or conservatory. Generally within such a department, students are required to study all aspects of orchestral playing; with marimba, snare drum, and timpani being the three most basic areas of study. Orchestral percussion usually does not include a drum set, but some compositions do require one. | Cet article recense les instruments à percussion habituellement utilisés en musique classique, notamment au sein de l'orchestre symphonique. On peut les retrouver dans d'autres styles de musique (jazz, musiques populaires). | [
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Roche limit | Limite de Roche | In celestial mechanics, the Roche limit, also called Roche radius, is the distance within which a celestial body, held together only by its own force of gravity, will disintegrate due to a second celestial body's tidal forces exceeding the first body's gravitational self-attraction. Inside the Roche limit, orbiting material disperses and forms rings, whereas outside the limit material tends to coalesce. The term is named after Édouard Roche (pronounced (French), (English)), who was the French astronomer who first calculated this theoretical limit in 1848. | La limite de Roche est la distance théorique en dessous de laquelle un satellite commencerait à se disloquer sous l'action des forces de marée causées par le corps céleste autour duquel il orbite, ces forces dépassant la cohésion interne du satellite. Elle tire son nom de l'astronome français Édouard Roche qui l'a théorisée le premier. La limite de Roche possède un analogue dans le domaine galactique : le rayon de marée. | [
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Employee stock option | Stock option | An employee stock option (ESO) is a label that refers to compensation contracts between an employer and an employee that carries some characteristics of financial options. | Une stock option (ou stock-option) est une forme de rémunération variable allouée par les actionnaires d'une entreprise à ses dirigeants ou ses salariés. Il s'agit d'une option d'achat "(call)" dont l'actif sous-jacent est l'action de l'entreprise employeur. | [
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Psychedelic rock | Rock psychédélique | Psychedelic rock, also referred to as psychedelia, is a diverse style of rock music inspired, influenced, or representative of psychedelic culture, which is centred on perception-altering hallucinogenic drugs. The music is intended to replicate and enhance the mind-altering experiences of psychedelic drugs, most notably LSD. Many psychedelic groups differ in style, and the label is often applied spuriously. | Le rock psychédélique est un genre musical apparu dans les années 1960, influencé par la prise de drogues, la plus connue étant le LSD (qui donna également naissance à l'acid rock). | [
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Musicology | Musicologie | Musicology (from Greek 'μουσική' (mousikē) for'music' and 'λογος' (logos) for 'domain of study') is the scholarly analysis and research-based study of music. Musicology departments traditionally belong to the humanities, although some music research is scientific in focus (psychological, sociological, acoustical, neurological, computational). A scholar who participates in musical research is a musicologist. | La musicologie (en ) est l'étude scientifique de la musique. Elle forme un domaine des sciences humaines. Un chercheur qui participe à cette étude est un musicologue. Le terme provient du grec et. | [
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Local-loop unbundling | Dégroupage | Local loop unbundling (LLU or LLUB) is the regulatory process of allowing multiple telecommunications operators to use connections from the telephone exchange to the customer's premises. The physical wire connection between the local exchange and the customer is known as a "local loop", and is owned by the incumbent local exchange carrier (also referred to as the "ILEC", "local exchange", or in the United States either a "Baby Bell" or an independent telephone company). To increase competition, other providers are granted unbundled access. | Le dégroupage est une opération technique permettant l'ouverture du réseau téléphonique local à la concurrence. En effet, les opérateurs tiers ne disposent pas de la boucle locale qui appartient à l'opérateur télécom historique du pays. Le dégroupage permet aux opérateurs tiers d'accéder à cette boucle locale, soit en partie par le biais du dégroupage partiel, soit en totalité par le biais du dégroupage total. | [
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Élisée Reclus | Élisée Reclus | Jacques Élisée Reclus (; 15 March 18304 July 1905) was a renowned French geographer, writer and anarchist. He produced his 19-volume masterwork, "La Nouvelle Géographie universelle, la terre et les hommes" ("Universal Geography"), over a period of nearly 20 years (1875–1894). In 1892 he was awarded the Gold Medal of the Paris Geographical Society for this work, despite having been banished from France because of his political activism. | Élisée Reclus, de son nom complet Jacques Élisée Reclus, né le à Sainte-Foy-la-Grande (Gironde) et mort à Torhout en Belgique le, est un géographe libertaire et militant anarchiste français. | [
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Lime (material) | Chaux (matière) | Lime is a calcium-containing inorganic mineral composed primarily of oxides, and hydroxide, usually calcium oxide and/ or calcium hydroxide. It is also the name for calcium oxide which occurs as a product of coal-seam fires and in altered limestone xenoliths in volcanic ejecta. The word "lime" originates with its earliest use as building mortar and has the sense of "sticking or adhering". | La chaux est un corps chimique minéral, l'oxyde de calcium de formule brute. Il s'agit d'une espèce minérale naturelle rare, isométrique de maille cubique, qu'il est possible d'observer en petites masses blanches avec les éjectas transformés à haute température parmi lesquels les laves communes sur les flancs des formations volcaniques, par exemple sur le Vésuve en Italie. Référencée officiellement en 1935 dans le champ de la minéralogie, elle fait partie du groupe isostructurel Fm3m du périclase. Mais le terme désigne surtout une matière sèche alcaline ou fortement basique, facilement poudreuse et hydrophile, de couleur blanche ou blanchâtre, obtenue par calcination du calcaire, fabriquée autrefois artisanalement dans un four à chaux, puis industriellement dans divers fours modernes. Elle est utilisée depuis l'Antiquité, notamment dans la construction et pour les assises et fondations des voies et bâtiments. Fondant en métallurgie du fer ou sidérurgie, tant dans le traitement des minerais que l'élaboration d'aciers intermédiaires, la chaux, matériau à propriétés réfractaires, est à la base de la chimie de l'élément calcium et intervient comme intermédiaire dans la métallurgie de nombreux métaux non ferreux. C'est un des produits manufacturés les plus communs de l'industrie. Le chaulage désigne l'apport de chaux ou un traitement spécifique à la chaux. | [
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MÄR | MÄR | Märchen Awakens Romance, officially abbreviated as, is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Nobuyuki Anzai, serialized in Shogakukan's "Weekly Shōnen Sunday" from January 2003 to July 2006. "MÄR" follows 14-year-old junior high student Ginta Toramizu who is transported into a fantasy-based world known as MÄR-Heaven. As Ginta ventures in the world of MÄR-Heaven, he encounters allies and antagonists. | Il a été adapté en série télévisée d'animation diffusée du au sur TV Tokyo. En France, la série est diffusée sur la chaîne MCM depuis le. | [
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Agar | Agar-agar | Agar ( or ), or agar-agar, is a jelly-like substance, obtained from red algae. Agar is a mixture of two components: the linear polysaccharide agarose, and a heterogeneous mixture of smaller molecules called agaropectin. It forms the supporting structure in the cell walls of certain species of algae, and is released on boiling. These algae are known as agarophytes, and belong to the Rhodophyta (red algae) phylum. | L'agar-agar (mot d'origine indonésienne-malaise, référencé E406 dans la liste des additifs alimentaires) est un produit gélifiant, dont la découverte faite au Japon en 1658 par Minora Tarazaemon est souvent attribuée à tort à Fanny et, ces derniers ayant découvert en 1881 son utilité comme milieu de culture en microbiologie. Il est appelé "kanten" au Japon où il est utilisé dans certaines pâtisseries traditionnelles comme les "yōkan", ou sous forme de "tokoroten". | [
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Ophrys scolopax | Ophrys bécasse | Ophrys scolopax, known as the woodcock bee-orchid or woodcock orchid, is a species of terrestrial orchid found around the Mediterranean and the Middle East, from Morocco and Portugal to Hungary and Iran. | L'Ophrys bécasse (Ophrys scolopax) est une Orchidacée terrestre européenne. Le gynostème peut faire penser à la tête et au bec de la bécasse, d'où son nom vernaculaire et son nom scientifique (latin "scolopax" = bécasse). | [
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Leto | Léto | In Greek mythology, Leto (; "Lētṓ"; Λατώ, "Lātṓ" in Doric Greek) is the daughter of the Titans Coeus and Phoebe, the sister of Asteria. She is the mother of Apollo and Artemis. | Dans la mythologie grecque, Léto (en grec ancien, en latin "Latona", d'où le nom romain Latone) est une maîtresse de Zeus. Elle est la mère d'Artémis et Apollon. | [
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Operation Ivy (band) | Operation Ivy | Operation Ivy was an American punk rock band from Berkeley, California, United States, formed in May 1987. The band was stylistically important as one of the first bands to mix the elements of hardcore punk and ska into a new amalgam called ska punk and was critical to the emergence of Lookout Records and the so-called "East Bay Sound." | Operation Ivy est un groupe de ska punk américain, originaire de Berkeley, en Californie. Leur nom provient de la série de tests nucléaires effectués par les États-Unis en 1952 dans les îles Marshall. Le groupe est formé en 1987 à San Francisco par Lint et Matt, deux amis d'enfance qui avaient déjà joué ensemble dans des formations telles que Basic Radio. Très vite rejoints par Jesse et Dave, ils jouent un punk rock très influencé par des groupes de la première vague punk, tels que The Clash ou Ramones, mais également par des groupes de ska anglais comme Madness ou The Specials. | [
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Carnea | Karneia | Carneia (, or Καρνεῖα "Karneia", or Κάρνεα "Karnea") was the name of one of the tribal traditional festival of Sparta, held in honor of Apollo Karneios. Whether Carneus (or Carnus) was originally an old Peloponnesian divinity subsequently identified with Apollo, or merely an "emanation" from him, is uncertain; but there seems no reason to doubt that Carneus means "the god of flocks and herds" (Hesychius, s.v. ), in a wider sense, of the harvest and the vintage. The chief centre of his worship was Sparta, where the Carneia took place every year from the 7th to the 15th of the month Carneus (i.e. Metageitnion, August). During this period all military operations were suspended. | Les Karneia (en grec ancien ) sont des festivités religieuses données en l'honneur d'Apollon. En français, on peut parler de Carnéennes ou Carnéiennes. | [
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Ganymede (mythology) | Ganymède | In Greek mythology, Ganymede or Ganymedes (Ancient Greek: Γανυμήδης "Ganymēdēs") is a divine hero whose homeland was Troy. Homer describes Ganymede as the most beautiful of mortals, and in one version of the myth, Zeus falls in love with his beauty and abducts him in the form of an eagle to serve as cup-bearer in Olympus. | Dans la mythologie grecque, Ganymède (en grec ancien / ) est un amant de Zeus. Sa beauté est devenue proverbiale. Il succède à la déesse Hébé dans la fonction d'échanson des dieux. | [
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Whitesnake | Whitesnake | Whitesnake are a hard rock band formed in England in 1978 by David Coverdale, after his departure from his previous band Deep Purple. Their early material has been compared by critics to the blues rock of Deep Purple, but they slowly began moving toward a more commercially accessible rock style. By the turn of the decade, the band's commercial fortunes changed and they released a string of UK top 10 albums, "Ready an' Willing" (1980), "Come an' Get It" (1981), "Saints & Sinners" (1982) and "Slide It In" (1984), the last of which was their first to chart in the US and is certified 2x platinum. | Whitesnake est un groupe de hard rock britannique, originaire de Middlesbrough, dans le Yorkshire. Le groupe est formé en 1977 par le chanteur David Coverdale, ex-Deep Purple, et a d'abord connu le succès en Europe et au Japon avant de remporter un succès commercial retentissant aux États-Unis au milieu des années 1980. | [
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] | null | null | null | null | null | null |
Aquilegia vulgaris | Ancolie commune | Aquilegia vulgaris (European columbine, common columbine, granny's nightcap, granny's bonnet) is a species of columbine native to Europe. It is a flowering herbaceous perennial plant growing to 1.2 m tall, with branched, thinly hairy stems. The leaves are biternate; each leaf has three groups of three leaflets. The flowers, in various shades of purple, blue, pink and white, are pendent or horizontal with hooked spurs, and appear in early summer. | L'Ancolie commune "(Aquilegia vulgaris)" appelée aussi Aiglantine, Ancolie des Jardins, Cornette ou encore Colombine est une plante herbacée vivace de la famille des "Ranunculaceae". | [
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Presumption of innocence | Présomption d'innocence | The presumption of innocence is the legal principle that one is considered innocent until proven guilty. In many countries, the presumption of innocence is a legal right of the accused in a criminal trial, and it is an international human right under the UN's Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Article 11. Under the presumption of innocence, the legal burden of proof is thus on the prosecution, which must present compelling evidence to the trier of fact (a judge or a jury). The prosecution must in most cases prove that the accused is guilty beyond reasonable doubt. If reasonable doubt remains, the accused must be acquitted. | La présomption d'innocence est le principe selon lequel toute personne, qui se voit reprocher une infraction, est réputée innocente tant que sa culpabilité n’a pas été légalement démontrée. | [
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Illkirch-Graffenstaden | Illkirch-Graffenstaden | Illkirch-Graffenstaden () is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Grand Est in north-eastern France. It is the second-largest suburb of the city of Strasbourg, and is adjacent to it on the south-southwest. Illkirch-Graffenstaden is one of the fastest growing cities in France and probably in Europe, its population having more than doubled in less than forty years (from 11,648 in 1968 to 26,368 in 2006). | Illkirch-Graffenstaden (prononcé ou ; en alsacien) est une commune française du sud de Strasbourg appartenant à l’Eurométropole de Strasbourg située dans le département du Bas-Rhin, en région Grand Est. Elle fait partie de la région culturelle et historique d'Alsace. Ses habitants se nomment les "Illkirchois". | [
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Ophrys sphegodes | Ophrys araignée | Ophrys sphegodes, commonly known as the early spider-orchid, is a species of sexually-deceptive orchid native to Europe and the Middle East. It is a very varied species with many subspecies recognised. | L'Ophrys araignée (Ophrys sphegodes), est une plante herbacée vivace de la famille des orchidées ("Orchidaceae").<br>Synonyme d'après INPN ci-dessous : "Ophrys aranifera" Huds., 1778 (avec nombreuses sous-espèces). | [
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ZZ Top | ZZ Top | ZZ Top (pronounced "zee zee top") is an American rock band from Houston, Texas, formed in 1969. The group consists of founder Billy Gibbons (guitar, lead vocals), Dusty Hill (bass, vocals) and Frank Beard (drums, percussion). Initially rooted in blues, ZZ Top's style has evolved throughout their career, with a signature sound based on Gibbons' blues guitar style and Hill and Beard's rhythm section. Their lyrics, often embellished with sexual innuendo, focus on their Texas roots and humor. Popular for their live performances, the group has staged several elaborate tours. ZZ Top formed after the demise of Gibbons' previous band, Moving Sidewalks. Within a year, they signed with London Records and released "ZZ Top's First Album" (1971). Subsequent releases, such as their first top-ten album "Tres Hombres" (1973) and the singles "La Grange" and "Tush", gained extensive radio airplay. By the mid-1970s, they had become renowned in North America for their live act, highlighted by their performances during the Worldwide Texas Tour from 1976 to 1977, which made them national stars and was a critical and commercial success. Following a two-year break after facing creative stagnation and exhaustion, ZZ Top reinvented themselves in the late 1970s with a new musical direction and public image. Beginning with their albums Degüello (1979) and El Loco (1981), they experimented with instruments including clavinets, saxophones, and synthesizers, while Gibbons and Hill grew long beards as part of their image. ZZ Top gained international favor with the records "Eliminator" (1983) and "Afterburner" (1985), which integrated influences from new wave, punk, and dance-rock, and established a more mainstream sound. The popularity of their music videos, including those for "Gimme All Your Lovin'", "Sharp Dressed Man", and "Legs", helped propel them onto the television channel MTV and made them one of the more prominent artists in 1980s pop culture. Their Afterburner Tour set records for the highest-attended and highest-grossing concert tour of 1986. After additional acclaim with the release of their tenth album "Recycler" (1990) and the Recycler Tour, their experimentation continued with the albums "Antenna" (1994), "Rhythmeen" (1996), "XXX" (1999), and "Mescalero" (2003), with mixed successes. The group most recently released "La Futura" (2012) and "Goin′ 50" (2019), the latter of which is a compilation album commemorating the band's 50th anniversary. | ZZ Top (prononcer ) est un groupe de blues rock américain, originaire de Houston, au Texas. Il connait le sommet de sa célébrité dans les années 1970 et 1980. Les membres de ce trio sont Billy Gibbons (chant et guitare), Dusty Hill (chant et basse) et Frank Beard (batterie). | [
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Allium ursinum | Allium ursinum | Allium ursinum, known as wild garlic, ramsons, buckrams, broad-leaved garlic, wood garlic, bear leek or bear's garlic, is a bulbous perennial flowering plant in the amaryllis family Amaryllidaceae. It is a wild relative of onion, native to Europe and Asia, where it grows in moist woodland. | L'ail des ours "(Allium ursinum)", également appelé ail sauvage ou ail des bois, est une plante herbacée vivace de la famille des Amaryllidacées. | [
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Canberra | Canberra | Canberra () is the capital city of Australia. Founded following the federation of the colonies of Australia as the seat of government for the new nation, it is Australia's largest inland city and the eighth-largest city overall. The city is located at the northern end of the Australian Capital Territory; south-west of Sydney and north-east of Melbourne. | Canberra ( ) est la capitale de l'Australie et du Territoire de la capitale australienne. La ville est située à l'extrémité sud du territoire de la capitale, à au sud-ouest de Sydney et à au nord-est de Melbourne. Le site de Canberra a été choisi comme capitale australienne en 1908 ; ce choix fut un compromis entre les deux villes rivales de Sydney et Melbourne, les deux plus grandes villes d'Australie. Le terme de « "canberra" » désigne un « lieu de rassemblement » en ngunnawal, la langue aborigène locale. | [
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] | null | null | null | null | null | null |
Willy Brandt | Willy Brandt | Willy Brandt (; born Herbert Ernst Karl Frahm; 18 December 1913 – 8 October 1992) was a German politician and statesman who was leader of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) from 1964 to 1987 and served as Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) from 1969 to 1974. He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1971 for his efforts to strengthen cooperation in western Europe through the EEC and to achieve reconciliation between West Germany and the countries of Eastern Europe. He was the first Social Democrat chancellor since 1930. | Willy Brandt, né Herbert Ernst Karl Frahm le à Lübeck et mort le à Unkel, est un homme politique ouest-allemand. | [
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Thin Lizzy | Thin Lizzy | Thin Lizzy are a hard rock band formed in Dublin, Ireland, in 1969. Two of the founding members, drummer Brian Downey and bass guitarist and lead vocalist Phil Lynott, met while still in school. Lynott led the group throughout their recording career of twelve studio albums, writing most of the material. The singles "Whiskey in the Jar" (a traditional Irish ballad), "The Boys Are Back in Town" and "Waiting for an Alibi" were international hits. After Lynott's death in 1986, various incarnations of the band emerged over the years based initially around guitarists Scott Gorham and John Sykes, though Sykes left the band in 2009. Gorham later continued with a new line-up including Downey. | Thin Lizzy est un groupe de rock irlandais formé à Dublin en 1969. À l'origine un trio composé d'Eric Bell (guitariste), Phil Lynott (bassiste, chanteur et principal compositeur) et Brian Downey (batteur), le groupe connaît un premier succès en 1973 avec "Whiskey in the Jar", une adaptation d'un air traditionnel irlandais. Après le départ de Eric Bell, remplacé par les guitaristes Brian Robertson et Scott Gorham, Thin Lizzy atteint le sommet de sa popularité en faisant évoluer sa musique vers le hard rock. Sorti en 1976, l'album "Jailbreak" est une grande réussite, notamment grâce au morceau "The Boys Are Back in Town" et d'autres que les fans apprécient comme "Jailbreak" ou "Emerald". | [
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CFP franc | Franc Pacifique | The CFP franc (called the "franc" in everyday use) is the currency used in the French overseas collectivities (collectivités d’outre-mer, or COM) of French Polynesia, New Caledonia and Wallis and Futuna. The initials "CFP" originally stood for'(‘French colonies of the Pacific’). This was later changed to'(’Pacific Financial Community’) and then to its present term, "" (“Pacific Franc Exchange”). Its ISO 4217 currency code is "XPF". | Le franc Pacifique, ou simplement appelé franc dans l'usage courant, est, avec l'euro, une des deux monnaies officiellement utilisées au sein de la République française. Également connu sous le nom de franc CFP, il a cours dans les collectivités françaises de l’océan Pacifique : Nouvelle-Calédonie, Polynésie française et Wallis-et-Futuna. | [
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Cardo | Cardo maximus | Cardo was the Latin name given to a north-south street in Ancient Roman cities and military camps as an integral component of city planning. The cardo maximus, or most often "the cardo", was the main or central north–south-oriented street. | Le cardo maximus est la voie d'axe nord-sud la plus importante d'une ville romaine (des termes latins "cardo" pour « pivot » ou « gond de porte », employé en termes d'orientation géographique pour désigner l’axe nord-sud autour duquel semble pivoter la voûte céleste et "maximus" pour « le plus grand » : superlatif de "magnus"). Dans la centuriation romaine, le "cardo maximus" était l'axe nord-sud qui structurait la cité dès sa création. Ensuite, le "cardo" était une des voies principales au cœur de la vie économique et sociale de la ville. À la croisée du "cardo" et du "decumanus" (axe est-ouest) d'une cité, on trouvait généralement le forum. | [
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Imperfect competition | Concurrence imparfaite | The imperfect competition is the situation of market failure in which, unlike the situation of perfect competition, the law of supply and demand is not freely used to determine prices, but in which there must be a balance in the prices determined. | La concurrence imparfaite est une façon moins normative que la théorie de la concurrence pure et parfaite d'aborder la concurrence. Elle a été développée dans l’entre-deux-guerres par Edward Chamberlin aux États-Unis et par Joan Robinson en Angleterre. Il s'agissait notamment de tenir compte de l'apparition des grandes entreprises et des stratégies de différenciation des produits. De nos jours, cette approche est développée notamment par des nouveaux keynésiens comme Joseph E. Stiglitz. | [
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Jean Dubuffet | Jean Dubuffet | Jean Philippe Arthur Dubuffet (31 July 1901 – 12 May 1985) was a French painter and sculptor. His idealistic approach to aesthetics embraced so called "low art" and eschewed traditional standards of beauty in favor of what he believed to be a more authentic and humanistic approach to image-making. He is perhaps best known for founding the art movement Art Brut, and for the collection of works—"Collection de l'art brut"—that this movement spawned. Dubuffet enjoyed a prolific art career, both in France and in America, and was featured in many exhibitions throughout his lifetime. | Jean Dubuffet (Le Havre,, Paris, ) est un peintre, sculpteur et plasticien français, le premier théoricien d'un style d'art auquel il a donné le nom d'« art brut », des productions de marginaux ou de malades mentaux : peintures, sculptures, calligraphies, dont il reconnaît s'être lui-même largement inspiré. | [
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University of Oxford | Université d'Oxford | The University of Oxford (legally The Chancellor Masters and Scholars of the University of Oxford) is a collegiate research university in Oxford, England. There is evidence of teaching as early as 1096, making it the oldest university in the English-speaking world and the world's second-oldest university in continuous operation. It grew rapidly from 1167 when Henry II banned English students from attending the University of Paris. After disputes between students and Oxford townsfolk in 1209, some academics fled north-east to Cambridge where they established what became the University of Cambridge. The two "ancient universities" are frequently jointly called "Oxbridge". The history and influence of the University of Oxford have made it one of the most prestigious universities in the world. | L’université d'Oxford, située dans la ville du même nom, à 90 km au nord-ouest de Londres, dans le comté d'Oxford ou Oxfordshire, dans l'Angleterre du Sud-Est, est l'une des plus prestigieuses universités sur le plan mondial. Elle est également la plus ancienne université britannique. | [
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Nafplio | Nauplie | Nafplio (, Nauplio or Nauplion in Italian and other Western European languages) is a seaport town in the Peloponnese in Greece that has expanded up the hillsides near the north end of the Argolic Gulf. The town was an important seaport held under a succession of royal houses in the Middle Ages as part of the lordship of Argos and Nauplia, held initially by the de la Roche following the Fourth Crusade before coming under the Republic of Venice and, lastly, the Ottoman Empire. The town was the capital of the First Hellenic Republic and of the Kingdom of Greece, from the start of the Greek Revolution in 1821 until 1834. Nafplio is now the capital of the regional unit of Argolis. | Nauplie (en grec moderne / ) est une ville grecque du Péloponnèse. Capitale de l’Argolide, siège d’un évêché, située en bord de mer, c'est une cité historique et touristique qui compte habitants (2011). Le dème des Naupliens, créé dans le cadre du programme Kallikratis (2010), est constitué des districts d'Asini, Nauplie, Nouvelle-Tirynthe et Midéa. | [
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Nguyễn Ngọc Loan | Nguyễn Ngọc Loan | Major General Nguyễn Ngọc Loan (; 11 December 193014 July 1998) was a South Vietnamese general and chief of the South Vietnamese National Police. | Nguyễn Ngọc Loan, né le à Hué, Viêt Nam, et mort le à Burke en Virginie aux États-Unis, est un militaire, chef de la police nationale de la République du Viêt Nam, connu pour avoir procédé à l'exécution sommaire d’un insurgé du Front national de libération du Sud Viêt Nam (FNLSVN), Nguyễn Văn Lém, à Saïgon. | [
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Michael J. Fox | Michael J. Fox | Michael Andrew Fox (born June 9, 1961), known professionally as Michael J. Fox, is a Canadian-American actor, comedian, author, film producer and activist with a film and television career spanning from the 1970s. He starred in the "Back to the Future" trilogy in which he portrayed Marty McFly. Other notable roles have included his portrayal of Alex P. Keaton on the American sitcom "Family Ties" (1982–1989) and Mike Flaherty on the ABC sitcom "Spin City" (1996–2000). He has won five Primetime Emmy Awards, four Golden Globe Awards, a Grammy Award, and two Screen Actors Guild Awards. | Michael Andrew Fox, dit Michael J. Fox, est un acteur, auteur, producteur et activiste canado-américain né le à Edmonton en Alberta. | [
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Lotus (genus) | Lotier | Lotus, a latinization of Greek "lōtos" (), is a genus that includes most bird's-foot trefoils (also known as bacon-and-eggs) and deervetches and contains many dozens of species distributed worldwide. Depending on the taxonomic authority, roughly between 70 and 150 are accepted. "Lotus" is a genus of legumes and its members are adapted to a wide range of habitats, from coastal environments to high altitudes. | Les lotiers ("Lotus") sont un genre de plantes herbacées annuelles ou vivaces de la famille des Fabacées, sous-famille des Papillonoidées. | [
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Ladakh | Ladakh | Ladakh () is a region administered by India as a union territory, and constituting a part of the larger region of Kashmir, which has been the subject of dispute between India, Pakistan, and China since 1947. It is bordered by the Chinese Tibet Autonomous Region to the east, the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh to the south, both the Indian union territory of Jammu and Kashmir and the Pakistan-administered Gilgit-Baltistan to the west, and the southwest corner of Xinjiang across the Karakoram Pass in the far north. It extends from the Siachen Glacier in the Karakoram range to the north to the main Great Himalayas to the south. The eastern end, consisting of the uninhabited Aksai Chin plains, is claimed by the Indian Government as part of Ladakh, and has been under Chinese control since 1962. Until 2019, Ladakh was a region of the state of Jammu and Kashmir. In August 2019, the Parliament of India passed an act by which Ladakh became a union territory on 31 October 2019. | Le Ladakh ( (la'dwags) ; ; (laddākh); ) est une région et un territoire de l'Union indienne. Également appelé le Petit Tibet (anciennement Petit Thibet), Tibet indien ou Tibet occidental, le Ladakh a pour religions principales le bouddhisme tibétain pour 50 % de la population et l'islam pour 46 % de la population en 2009. Sa ville la plus importante est Leh (). | [
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Judith of Flanders | Judith de France | Judith of Flanders ( 843 – c. 870) was, by her three successive marriages, queen of Wessex and countess of Flanders. She was the eldest daughter of the Carolingian King Charles the Bald and his wife Ermentrude of Orléans. | Judith de France (née vers 844 et morte après 870) fut deux fois reine de Wessex, puis comtesse de Flandre par ses mariages successifs. | [
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Spin City | Spin City | Spin City is an American sitcom television series that aired from September 17, 1996 until April 30, 2002 on ABC. Created by Gary David Goldberg and Bill Lawrence, the show is set in a semi-fictionalized version of the New York City mayor's office, and originally starred Michael J. Fox as Mike Flaherty, the Deputy Mayor of New York. Fox departed in 2000 at the conclusion of Season 4 due to symptoms of Parkinson's disease, and Charlie Sheen assumed the lead role of Charlie Crawford for the final two seasons. The series was cancelled in May 2002. | Spin City est une série télévisée américaine, en 145 épisodes de 22 minutes, créée par Gary David Goldberg et Bill Lawrence et diffusée entre le et le sur le réseau ABC. | [
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The Guess Who | The Guess Who | The Guess Who is a Canadian rock band, formed in Winnipeg in 1962. Initially gaining recognition in Canada, the group found international success from the late 1960s through the mid-1970s primarily under the leadership of songwriters Burton Cummings and Randy Bachman (later of Bachman–Turner Overdrive) and recorded many hit singles, including "No Time", "American Woman", "Laughing", "These Eyes", "Undun" and "Share the Land". Formed as a garage rock band, their musical style encompassed the pop rock and psychedelic rock genres. | The Guess Who est un groupe rock canadien, originaire de Winnipeg, au Manitoba. Le groupe connait la célébrité internationale à la fin des années 1960 et au début des années 1970 avec des singles à succès comme "No Time", "American Woman", "Laughing", "These Eyes", "Undun" et "Share the Land". Le groupe continuera de jouer à divers lieux ; et notamment avec des musiciens de renom comme Burton Cummings et Randy Bachman. Formé comme groupe de garage rock, leur style musical se classe pop rock et rock psychédélique. | [
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Arlanda Express | Arlanda Express | Arlanda Express is an airport rail link connecting Stockholm Central Station with the Stockholm Arlanda Airport outside Stockholm, Sweden. Operated by A-Train AB, the trip takes 20 minutes and runs four to six times per hour using seven X3 electric multiple units. The services operate over the East Coast and Arlanda Lines calling at Stockholm Central, Arlanda North and Arlanda South stations. The service was used by 2.7 million passengers in 2007 and by 3.3 million passengers in 2012. | L'Arlanda Express est la liaison ferroviaire qui relie le centre de Stockholm à l'aéroport international d'Arlanda. Cette ligne mise en service le 25 novembre 1999 est exploitée sous le régime d'une concession par la société A-Train AB. | [
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Abu Musab al-Zarqawi | Abou Moussab Al-Zarqaoui | Abu Musab al-Zarqawi (, ', "Abu Musab from Zarqa"; ; October 30, 1966 – June 7, 2006), born Ahmad Fadeel al-Nazal al-Khalayleh (, '), was a Jordanian jihadist who ran a terrorist training camp in Afghanistan. He became known after going to Iraq and being responsible for a series of bombings, beheadings, and attacks during the Iraq War, reportedly "turning an insurgency against US troops" in Iraq "into a Shia-Sunni civil war". He was sometimes known as "Sheikh of the slaughterers". | Abou Moussab al-Zarqaoui (en ), né Ahmad Fadil Nazzal al-Khalayleh (en ) le, à Zarka, en Jordanie, et mort le, à, en Irak, est un djihadiste jordanien. Il était le responsable d'Al-Qaïda en Irak dans l'émirat djihadiste décentralisé du Moyen-Orient et les hommes qu'il menait sont responsables de plusieurs centaines d'attentats-suicides au cours de l'invasion de l'Irak par les États-Unis à partir de 2003. En effet, Abou Moussab al-Zarqaoui a mené une importante campagne d'attaques suicides qui a culminé avec l'attentat de la mosquée de Hasen al-Askari à Samarra en 2006. Il a d'ailleurs été réprimandé par ses supérieurs au sein d'al-Qaida pour avoir tué plusieurs musulmans chiites durant ses attaques. | [
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Paris Peace Treaties, 1947 | Traité de Paris (1947) | The Paris Peace Treaties () were signed on 10 February 1947 following the end of World War II in 1945. The Paris Peace Conference lasted from 29 July until 15 October 1946. The victorious wartime Allied powers (principally the United Kingdom, Soviet Union, United States and France) negotiated the details of peace treaties with Italy, Romania, Hungary, Bulgaria and Finland. The treaties allowed the defeated Axis powers to resume their responsibilities as sovereign states in international affairs and to qualify for membership in the United Nations. | Le traité de Paris signé le est le résultat de la conférence de paix de Paris tenue du 29 juillet au. Les Alliés de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, principalement les États-Unis, l'URSS, le Royaume-Uni et la France négocient les détails du traité de paix avec l'Italie, la Roumanie, la Hongrie, la Bulgarie et la Finlande après la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale. | [
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Matilda of Boulogne | Mathilde de Boulogne | Matilda I of Boulogne (c.1105 – 3 May 1152) was Queen of England as the wife of King Stephen, whom she supported in his struggle for the English throne against their cousin Empress Matilda. During this period, Matilda played an unusually active role for a woman of the period when her husband was captured, and proved herself an effective general who managed to force their cousin to release him. Under the agreement that settled the civil war, her children did not inherit the throne. She was also Countess of Boulogne in her own right. | Troie ("") est un film américain réalisé par Wolfgang Petersen, sorti en 2004. Il est inspiré de la mythologie grecque et librement adapté des poèmes épiques du cycle troyen, principalement de l"Iliade" d'Homère. | [
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