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S0961953420302804 | It is important prior to application of organic wastes to land that pathogen loads are reduced sufficiently to minimize dissemination to the wider environment . Anaerobic digestion for biogas production is a low cost method to reduce pathogens in agricultural wastes that provides the added benefits of energy generation . There have been claims of pathogen reduction following installation of biogas digesters in homesteads in Sub Saharan Africa . Homestead pathogen levels following installation of the different designs of biogas digester were monitored using faecal indicator organisms within small rural farms in Ethiopia . However different designs of digesters have registered varying levels of success . Of the three digester designs considered fixed dome floating drum and flexible balloon the fixed dome design achieved the highest reductions in indicator organisms coliforms | Study assessed the hygiene efficiency of commonly adopted small scale digester designs in the homesteads of Ethiopia. Pathogen levels monitored using. Coliforms. with comparison to US EPA 28 acceptable standards. The digester designs did not reduce all FIOs to below acceptable levels 28 . |
S0961953420302816 | This study presents an effective and sustainable approach for biodiesel production through oleaginous yeast fermentation by utilizing volatile fatty acids rich acidogenic effluents as an alternative feedstock . Experiments were designed in two stages to obtain high cell density and lipid productivity . Primarily oleaginous yeast | Integration of acidogenic fermentation with with fermentation for biodiesel production. Maximum carbon utilization and energy recovery in an integrated approach. Lipid profiling revealed predominance of palmitic stearic oleic and linoleic acid. Microbial lipids produced has biodiesel properties with high energy efficiency. Utilization of acidogenic effluent as an alternative feedstock for microbial lipid production. |
S0961953420302841 | Fungi accumulate intracellular lipids in excess of their biomass . In the present study endophytic fungi associated with plants that are used to produce biodiesel namely | Isolation of endophytic fungi from biodiesel plants and their characterization using molecular markers. Lipid content profiling of fungal endophytes media and growth parameters optimization of oleaginous endophytes. SARA CHNS spectrophotometric and GC MS analysis of lipids and FAMEs of the potent oleaginous endophytes. Analysis of biodiesel properties screening for biomass deconstructing carbohydrate active genes and enzymes CAZys . |
S0961953420302865 | Biofuel is one of the promising alternatives for petroleum based fuels and the bioethanol produced from agricultural residues industrial wastes are a viable alternative and current trend in research . In this context this work reports the utilisation of the waste potatoes | Bioethanol produced from waste potato waste via acid and enzymatic hydrolyses. Unexplored ultrasonic pretreatment employed to enhance the bioethanol yield. Process modelled and optimized via BBD and ANN. US HCl hydrolysis yielded 65.8mg L and US Enzyme hydrolysis yielded 54.1g L. |
S0961953420302907 | This research evaluated the dual production of bioenergy in heterotrophic cultures of cyanobacteria . Process performance parameters carbon balance single cell oil production biofuel quality volatile organic compounds generation and sustainability metrics and impact indicators were assessed . The results showed biomass productivity of 1.03kg m d. Biomass and VOCs were the main products formed from the conversion of the substrate in the bioreactor . For single cell oil production it is possible to obtain 0.18kg m d of lipid with this bioprocess . It was determined the fatty acid profile and the quality of biodiesel properties meeting the requirements established by national and international standards . Besides the 22 volatile compounds identified presented the energy potential of 122 205.00kJ kg and a power generation rate of 10 580.5kg m | A bioprocess to simultaneously produce two bioenergy sources has been demonstrated. Cassava starch as a carbon based substrate supported the cyanobacteria growth. Biodiesel properties proved to be suitable for production from single cell oil. Volatile organic compounds can be valuable renewable energy vectors. The eight key mid point environmental impact categories were addressed. |
S0961953420302920 | Research into herbaceous bioenergy production has focused on identifying grassland systems that are both productive and temporally stable where stability equals the ratio of mean biomass production to its temporal standard deviation . The question remains as to effects of community properties including species richness on temporal stability . We compared aboveground net primary productivity and the temporal stability in ANPP of unfertilized grassland planted either as a mixture of native perennial grass and forb species or monoculture of | Temporal stability of plant biomass for bioenergy depends on plant community traits. Stability was similar in switchgrass monoculture and mixed species grassland. Stability depended more on a community aggregated leaf trait than species richness. Stability was similar despite differences in biomass leaf trait relationships. |
S0961953420302932 | The purpose of this study is to investigate the composition and structural changes of aspen and fir barks for thermochemical transformation and to determine the electrical capacity of the obtained carbonized barks . Significant differences of the structural and current voltage characteristics of carbonized barks were revealed . The carbonized product from aspen bark mainly consists of the amorphous carbon and the crystalline phase of calcium hydroxide the product from fir bark consists of amorphous crystalline carbon . | The structure and electrical capacity were studied for the carbonization of bark. Distribution and content of ash in bark affect the electrical capacity of charcoal. Specific capacity depends on the breed of bark temperature and sweep rate. |
S0961953420302981 | The use of biodiesel derived glycerol as a carbon source for single cell oil production is a biorefinery engineering strategy that aims to valorize the by product waste and make the microbial lipid production process more cost effective . This work aimed to improve the capacity of | The present study describes an alternative way of crude glycerol valorization to produce large amounts of lipids. Higher lipid content was obtained while increasing biotin and citric acid at an early stage. A biochemical approach for higher lipid content was developed which relied on the strategic addition of biotin and leucine. By overproducing specific enzymes with metabolic precursors a potential platform for biodiesel was established. |
S0961953420303020 | Continuous expansion of agriculture for the production of biofuels may be considered a potential source of greenhouse gas emissions due to the ever increasing amount of waste and fossil fuel dependent materials involved . Agricultural waste utilization through the circular bioeconomy concept offers a pathway to reduce GHG emissions . Palm oil production for instance produces palm kernel shells and palm oil mill effluents as wastes in enormous amounts . PKS and POME account for 60 of solid and liquid waste generated from the mill . In this work the feasibility of a circular palm bioeconomy is explored where waste PKS is directly converted to activated carbons in a cost effective one step technique 550C 10mLmin | Solid and liquid waste from a palm oil mill was converted to value added products. Lipases were immobilized onto palm kernel shell derived activated carbons. Immobilized lipases were used in converting palm oil mill effluent to biodiesel. A palm bioeconomy rationale adds value to waste from the oil palm industry. |
S0961953420303111 | A sustainable biogas production requires the use of a biomass that is not in competition with food production and does not require a high energy input for its production . Cardoon | Cardoon is suitable to ensiling. Harvesting stage affects the DM and methane yield. Advanced stage of maturity determines low fermentative products and DM losses. Observed methane production shows no difference between fresh and ensiled matter. |
S0961953420303196 | Bioenergy can contribute to low carbon economy of Latin America and African countries where the biomass is a viable alternative to obtain a global energy matrix . The harvesting forest residue left on the ground of industrial tree plantations appears an option to be a biomass source to supply a combined heat and power plant . The goals of this study were to know the biomass production and the fuel quality of stumps and coarse roots from a commercial scale harvesting operation of | Biomass production of eucalypt stump harvesting. The physical and chemical properties of stump and coarse root were studied. Clone specie and rotation were statistically significative on biomass and energy yield. An environmental balance in the forestry site should be studied before its indiscriminate commercial use. |
S0961953420303226 | The microbial consortia designedly screened in our lab were used for solid state pretreatment of tree trimmings to degrade lignin selectively in this work and the commercial fungal isolate pretreatment was taken in comparison . The results showed that a highly selective degradation of lignin was observed in the tree trimmings pretreated via the microbial consortium DM 1 in which 14.0 of lignin was decomposed and no significant degradation of cellulose was noted within 20 days . Meanwhile in this trial shorter fibers and a lower crude fiber crystallinity were found in the tree trimmings after pretreatment . And the pH values of the tree trimmings undergoing biopretreatment in each trial were all kept at around 7.0 . In the SSF process 20 increment of the ethanol yield was obtained in the trial loaded with DM 1 pretreated tree trimmings compared to the control in which a higher acid based buffering capability was also observed . The scanning electron microscope test revealed that after SSF the DM 1 pretreated tree trimmings had less crude fibers and more void ratios . Herein it was feasible to produce more ethanol from tree trimmings via solid state pretreatment by using the microbial consortium DM 1 . | Highly selective degradation of lignin was observed in solid state pretreatment with microbial consortium DM. No contamination was noted in trials culturing in an aseptic environment within 15 days. 20 increment of ethanol yield was obtained in the reactor loaded with DM pretreated tree trimmings. No pH adjustment was required in the processes of pretreatment and SSF respectively. |
S0961953420303342 | Many environmental benefits have been claimed for anaerobic digestion facilities embracing waste management and multiple energy vectors that could be help create more circular economies . Whether these benefits are realised depends greatly on the sites exploited for AD plants and the social and geographical conditions . To examine this we assess the distribution of AD plants in Wales and the socio demographic characteristics of the populations that live in close proximity . The results show that farm fed ADs are predominantly located in rural villages and sparsely populated settings while waste fed AD plants could be found more evenly distributed in both rural villages towns and cities . In addition populations living in proximity to AD plants tend to be older frequently in families without children and without any central heating in neighbourhoods experiencing deprivation in access to services . Our results are significant for our understanding who could be both positively and negatively affected by the AD operation and how these facilities could contribute to the social development of communities . Factors affecting the realization of prospective benefits from farm fed ADs include public sensitivities to development in these rural idyll locations and the economics of using AD to re tool energy systems in more sparsely populated rural sites . | Characteristics of population living around AD plants in Wales are studied. AD plants contribute to the creation of new circular economies in the countryside. In proximity of AD plants lives rather older population and families without children. In neighbourhoods of ADs deprivation in access to services was detected. There is a scope for policies to support usage of outputs of AD. |
S0961953420303378 | Because of the variability of wind and solar resources high shares of wind and solar PV in power supply systems can lead to supply gaps during occasional low resource periods . Due to their ability to meet demand in a short term dispatchable renewable energy resources biomass concentrating solar power and hydropower can assist in meeting such supply gaps . In this study we investigate the spatial and temporal configurations of least cost 100 renewable power supply in Australia at various levels of biomass resource use and CSP penetration . To this end we carry out a high resolution Geographic Information System based hourly electricity supply demand matching simulation . We find that based on the current existing biomass capacity installed in Australia a 100 national RE supply is possible with around 146148GW system installed capacity at a levelized cost of electricity of 910 US kWh | Simulating 100 renewable grid with different biomass and CSP penetration for Australia. Spatio temporal optimisation to find least cost configurations using GIS data. 100 renewable grid is possible with around 146148GW capacity and 910 US kWh. Under a 15 times expansion of biomass system capacity is reduced to around 70GW. CSP could play an important role in reducing the system capacity to nearly 120GW. |
S0961953420303433 | Torrefaction models to predict solid yield enhancement factor and higher heating value of blends of coal and biomass and waste are limited in the literature . In this study Artificial Neural Network and Response Surface Methodology were used to determine the optimum torrefaction process conditions and optimum fuel blend based on the torrefaction variables . Pine sawdust sugarcane bagasse and corn cob were the biomass materials used . Three torrefaction temperatures 200 250 300 | ANN and RSM were used to optimize process variables for torrefaction of waste blends coal PSD WT . Optimum process conditions for the torrefaction were 50 50 300. C and 45min for all the blends. Combination of Coal PSD yielded the highest HHV and EF after torrefaction. Torrefaction is not recommended for improving the fuel quality of waste tyre. The ANN model was more reliable than the RSM as a predictive technique for HHV and EF of the blends. |
S0961953420303470 | Macroalgae cultivation shows potential for the application as emerging feedstock for microbial fermentation to produce biochemicals . However metal residues in macroalgae might affect the fermentation capacity of relevant microorganisms . This aspect is currently not considered when selecting macroalgae and microorganism species for microbial fermentation . To consider this aspect for selecting viable macroalgae and microorganism species we link metal exposure in bioreactors from macroalgae residues to ecotoxicological test results for relevant microorganisms . Our results indicate that estimated bioreactor concentrations for most metals are below microorganism effect levels . For copper and hexavalent chromium however reactor concentrations might exceed relevant effect levels for at least some considered microorganism species . Adjusting water hardness in the bioreactor as well as selecting algae harvest location and macroalgae species might minimize metal exposure to fermenting microorganisms in support of optimizing the biorefining process for biochemical production . | We link metal residues in macroalgae to ecotoxicological effects of microorganisms. For most metals bioreactor concentrations are below microorganism effect levels. Current Cu and Cr IV bioreactor concentrations may pose a risk to microorganisms. |
S0961953420303494 | Mathematical models are tools that allow the prediction and control of the anaerobic digestion process ensuring process stability and maximizing methane production . In this study the AD of food waste was evaluated in single stage and two stage semicontinuous configurations with the following organic loading rates OLR kgVSm | Modified ADM1 accurately simulates the behavior of pH methane and lactic acid. The two stage achieved the best Re 1.53. 4.26kJg fed VS. and a 47 emission reduction in CO. The hydrolysis rate was 50 higher in the two stage than in the single stage. High sensitivity was observed for kmac in low ranges for both configurations. The parameters k. and k. showed moderate sensitivity. |
S096195342030355X | Anaerobic digestion is one of the sustainable processes for biogas production especially if some of the classic substrate is replaced with lignocellulosic biomass . The presence of lignin makes plant biomass degradation less efficient . Lignin mineralization is an enzyme dependent process catalyzed by complex ligninolytic enzymes which are produced by white rot fungi . In our study | Miscanthus was used as co substrate in anaerobic digestion of chicken manure with sawdust. and. are not capable to delignify Miscanthus. Complete kinetic study of selected anaerobic digestion was conducted. Mixture mass ratio and digestion temperature have an effect on methane production. |
S0961953420303706 | This study investigated the production of natural nitrogen doped carbon from expired fresh milk for use in a supercapacitor electrode . The material was prepared by hydrothermal carbonization followed by sequential KOHH | Carbon from expired fresh milk can be used in a supercapacitor electrode. The specific capacitance was higher than carbon derived from other forms of waste. Specific capacitance was affected by surface area and surface functional groups. Natural doped heteroatoms played a key role in improving capacitance. Specific capacitance 186.3F g was higher than that of carbon from other waste. |
S096195342030372X | Synthesis of biomass derived microporous activated carbon materials has fascinated attention in the emerging field of energy storage due to its high specific surface area excellent electrical conductivity low cost and environmental benevolence . Herein we report facile and cost effective method to produce porous activated carbons for the first time by physical activation method using two different biomass sources | Disordered porous activated carbon was synthesized through physical method. Biomass from Syzygium cumini and Chrysopogon zizanioides were used as a raw material. High specific capacitance combined with excellent rate capability was obtained. Both device shows excellent retention of more than 90 after 5000 cycles. |
S0961953420303731 | The present study has dealt with characterization and copyrolysis of binary and ternary blends of three biomass viz . water hyacinth | Characterization and co pyrolysis of binary and ternary blends of three biomass. TGA data analysis with isoconversional methods of OFW Vyazovkin AIC and DAEM. Variation of kinetic parameters with conversion indicating complex chemical mechanism. Reaction mechanism ordered reaction. 0.25 diffusion limited. 0.350.55 . Positive. endothermic process positive. more disordered system after reaction. |
S0961953420303779 | The promotion effect of Mo addition to alumina supported Mn based sorbents for high temperature desulphurization was explored . A series of Mn based sorbents with fixed Mn loading and different Mo loadings were prepared by the wet impregnation method and both fresh and used sorbents were characterized with respect to their physical and chemical properties . The sorbents were active for H | High temperature desulphurization using solid sorbents represents an interesting alternative to low temperature processes. Mn based sorbent is promising due to thermal stability and sorption kinetics. Mo addition improves the performance of the Mn based sorbent. The best sorbent investigated 15Mn8Mo showed good capacity and stability over repeated sorption and regeneration cycles. Mo addition leads to the formation of MnMoO4 which is plays a role in the sulfur capture process. |
S0961953420303792 | The Brazilian energy matrix has 43.5 of renewable sources a higher value than registered in the rest of the world . The sugarcane bagasse used in sugarcane plants underlines the importance of this which is the second largest renewable source in this market segmentation however the installed systems could be better used in the offseason with alternative crops such as biomass sorghum | Chloride levels change according to the source of potassium fertilization. Chloride levels change by harvest timing. Potassium chloride fertilizers result in higher biomass chloride levels. |
S096195342030386X | The pyrolysis behaviors the kinetics of the synergistic effects the functional groups during the co pyrolysis of torrefied biomass with a tire and different plastics such as high density polyethylene ethyl vinyl acetate polystyrene polypropylene were analyzed by TG FTIR . The TG DTG curves revealed thermal stability due to torrefaction treatment and blending . The most potential reaction mechanisms associated with the first stage for both pure and blend samples were first order reaction and one dimensional diffusion mechanisms while the second stage was mostly governed by second and third order reaction mechanisms . The interactions between TBG plastics tire were obvious at temperatures of 290540C according to the variation of weight loss values . The highest degree of synergy was observed with the TBG PS blend while the TBG tire mixture being the least synergistic . The FTIR spectra indicated that hydrocarbons compounds CO | Co pyrolysis characteristics of torrefied bagasse with tire and plastics were studied using TG FTIR. The gaseous products and functional groups of pure and blends samples were evaluated. The most potential reaction mechanisms for torrefied bagasse with plastics tire were proposed. Synergistic effect of co pyrolysis was manifested in the temperature between 290 and 540C. The potential reaction mechanisms for co pyrolysis were proposed. |
S0961953420303871 | Sustainable resources management incorporating energy markets and resources such as electricity fossil fuels renewable and sustainable energy capital is essential for society to understand production and conversion of various forms of energy their current as well as future supply . Waste to energy or energy from waste is a well identified transitional technology which could prevent complete depletion of renewable resources . In our present study the selected microalgae | Outdoor cultivation of. in paddy soaked wastewater. Analysis on growth parameters biochemical and FAME characteristics. Single step in situ transesterification of harvested wet algal biomass. Maximization of biodiesel yield by the optimization of reaction conditions. |
S0961953420304025 | As a consequence of the rapid utilization of fossil resources the effective sustainable biomass transformation will get great importance towards the production of valuable chemicals . Here we developed 5wt Ni loaded Cu supported on SBA 16and evaluated its catalytic performance in the hydrogenation of 5 hydroxymethylfurfural which was carried out a bench top stainless steel autoclave reactor . The major product in the present reaction is 2 5 dimethylfuran . A number of characterization techniques were used to clarify the effective loading of bimetals on SBA 16 and the novelty of catalysts . The prepared bimetallic catalysts reduction profile shifted towards lower temperatures compared to a monometallic catalyst indicating stronger metal metal interaction . X ray photoelectron spectroscopy was performed to distinguish between oxide and metallic states of Ni and Cu . Among the prepared catalysts 5Ni12Cu SBA 16 exhibited superior performance regarding the entire conversion of 5 HMF on account of better synergy between Cu and Ni species well dispersion of the metal in the support favorable surface acidity . Also this catalyst shows a favorable DMF yield of 60.7 and DMF is the major hydrogenation product in all the reactions . The reaction was thoroughly optimized and developed by a thorough investigation of various reaction parameters such as Ni Cu ratio temperature pressure reaction time and catalyst recyclability . | NiCu bimetallic catalyst supported on SBA 16 synthesized by impregnation method. Metal and acid sites responsible for conversion of 5 hydroxymethylfurfural HMF to 2 5 Dimethylfuran DMF . The 5Ni12Cu SBA 16 catalyst showed superior conversion and better yield of DMF. 2 5 Dimethylfuran with 60.7 yield was produced from HMF. The optimal reaction conditions are 210C 20bar H. pressure reaction time 4h. |
S0961953420304074 | A series of heterogeneous acid catalysts are synthesized by supporting phosphotungstic acid on bamboo activated carbon and applied in catalyzing esterification for biodiesel production . With the activation of phosphoric acid the obtained catalyst possesses the total acid density of 2.02mmolg | PWA anchored to bamboo based AC catalyst is prepared for biodiesel production. Microstructure of catalyst is greatly improved through H. PO. activation. PWA BAC possesses satisfying catalytic stability during the reused cycles. Co adsorption of reagents improves the adsorption strengths. Activation energy is significantly reduced with the existence of acid catalyst. |
S096195342030413X | The key technical issues for establishing an economical and advanced deoxygenation process of vegetable oil for producting the diesel like hydrocarbons are to develop the low cost non sulfided heterogeneous catalytic systems with good performance . Herein we report two facile strategies for preparing Co based catalysts in an effort to explore the highly efficient heterogeneous catalysts for the deoxygenation of laurate ester . Interestingly the deoxygenation paths can be regulated by altering the synthesized methods of the Co based catalysts . For example the Co MOF 700 catalyst prepared via pyrolysis of one cobalt metal organic framework H | Two novel Co based catalytic systems for efficiently and selectively catalyze the deoxygenation of methyl laurate. The hydrogenolysis pathways of methyl laurate can be regulated by these catalysts. Co MOF 700 favors the decarboxylation decarbonylation pathway while Co ZSM 5 prefers to the hydrodeoxygenation path. The Co MOF 700 catalyst shows excellent cycle performance. |
S0961953420304189 | The coupling of thermochemical and biological conversion of biomass is a promising strategy to produce chemicals in future integrated biorefineries . Indeed thermochemical conversion such as pyrolysis is a fast process without any solvent or enzyme for the depolymerisation of biomass . In this work cellulose was pyrolyzed to produce sugars which have been then fermented by bacteria | Cellulose was depolymerized by fast pyrolysis. Bio oil fractions rich in levoglucosan LVG were produced by staged condensation. LVG was not metabolized by. Mild acid hydrolysis of LVG in bio oils was fast and selective. Hydrolysed bio oils were fermented by |
S0963868720300019 | Fueled by the development of Internet based platforms that provided its technological foundation and the need for an agile and uniquely skilled workforce crowdsourcing has grown from the grassroots with a burgeoning body of research investigating its many aspects . To gain insight into organizational crowdsourcing as a strategic IS sourcing phenomenon this paper thoroughly reviews the literature to identify both areas of saturation and gaps with a focus on the strategic organizational context . Pulling together knowledge on specific aspects of crowdsourcing we first offer a high level analysis of definitions to reveal rather broad coverage of various activities involving the crowd many of which do not involve | Crowdsourcing is considered as a strategic IS sourcing phenomenon. We establish boundary conditions and clarify the focus on crowdsourcing. Areas of saturation and gaps are identified. We distinguish between different stakeholders and different lifecycle stages. We identify key themes that emerge out of the crowdsourcing literature. A Road Map for Future Research on Crowdsourcing in the Organizational Context. |
S0963868720300020 | In todays hypercompetitive environment it is critical for manufacturing firms to be agile in responding to ephemeral opportunities in the marketplace . This agility often requires the collaboration with supply chain partners . However how a manufacturing firm collaborates with its suppliers to achieve agility remains an understudied issue . This study holds that manufacturing firms and their suppliers need to develop manufacturer supplier flexibility accompanied with well built integrated information systems and associated analytical systems to enable manufacturer agility . To deepen our understanding of the roles of manufacturer supplier flexibility and IOS technologies in facilitating manufacturer agility we build and test a model based on the real options theory and bounded rationality . Based on 141 matched pair samples of Taiwanese manufacturing firms our findings demonstrate the importance of manufacturer supplier flexibility in achieving higher manufacturer agility wherein IOS integration enables better flexibility . We also show IOS enabled analytical ability can strengthen the effect of such flexibility on manufacturer agility . Implications of the results for practices and academics are provided . | Interfirm operational flexibility is instrumental to greater manufacturer agility. Relationship flexibility provides a foundation for operational flexibility. IOS integration enables manufacturer agility through operational flexibility. IOS integration provides rich data flows for business analytics. Business analytics helps firms to effectively use flexibility to achieve agility. |
S0963868720300032 | Mobile technologies have dramatically increased the number of work related interruptions especially after regular work hours . At the same time many employees have limited freedom to decide how and when they accomplish their work a condition that renders the explosion of interruptions especially problematic . This study proposes that perceived interruption overload negatively impacts work related technology usage via workers experiences of work life conflict a key source of stress and that this indirect effect is stronger for lower levels of worker control . Data were collected from 601 knowledge workers and analyzed through Conditional process analysis which integrates moderation and mediation analyses . The results supported our model . This study takes an important step toward elucidating the role of mobile technology in work life conflict and technostress and it illustrates the roles of perceived interruption overload as well as conflict and technostress in IT use . | Focus on mobile technology an important area that we need to better understand. Explicating how and why interruption overload influences IT use mediation . Explicating under what conditions interruption overload influences IT use moderation . Full integration of mediation and moderation both in theory development and testing. The research model is developed based on strong theory the demand control model. Introduction of Conditional process analysis as an advanced form of mediation analysis to IS research. |
S0963868720300044 | Researchers and practitioners have long believed that information technology is a key tool for fostering innovation . However there is a certain inconsistency in the literature which makes it challenging for researchers to figure out exactly how and why IT plays such a pivotal strategic organizational role . The motivation for this research is the multiple contradictory results reported by studies investigating the influence of information technology on organizational innovation . This study utilizes a fit based perspective in an attempt to disentangle these contradictions . Using Venkatramans seminal paper on fit we conceive of two critical fit based concepts | Three fundamental IT affordances in an organization namely collaborative affordance organizational memory affordance and process management affordance are considered. These affordances harmonically coalign to produce the overall harmonic IT affordance HITA of the organization. HITA is actualized by organizational courage to produce two forms of innovation exploratory and exploitative. The effect of actualized HITA is higher on exploratory innovation than exploitative innovation. Exploitative innovation leads to exploratory innovation. Two studies one in US and the other in China lend support for our theory. |
S0963868720300056 | This paper investigates service functionality in the domain of B2B platform assimilation from the buyers perspective . Using a customer service life cycle framework we identified five dimensions of service functionality namely information search negotiation acquisition ownership and retirement . We theorize that the importance of these dimensions is contingent upon current level of B2B platform assimilation . Furthermore building on an enabler inhibitor perspective we theorize that the benefits and top management support are the enablers whereas assimilation costs managerial complexity and demand uncertainty are the inhibitors of a firms future decision to assimilate a B2B platform . Using a two staged field survey we tested our theory on a sample of 191 professionals . The results indicate that the importance of service functionality dimensions varies depending on the current level of service assimilation namely the importance of information search functionalities decreases while the importance of ownership and retirement functionalities increases as the firms move from the awareness stage to the general deployment stage . Furthermore our results indicate that benefits and top management support enable future platform assimilation irrespective of the assimilation stage a firm is in currently . Assimilation costs were found to have negative impact on future platform assimilation among the companies who had a low level of current assimilation . However the effect became non significant for the companies with a higher level of current assimilation . Our paper contributes to the theory development by showing that the importance of different IT mediated services is contingent upon current level of assimilation and showing which factors retain their importance throughout the assimilation stages . We describe management implications for B2B platform owners and buyer organizations . | This paper investigates service functionality in the domain of B2B platform assimilation. We tested our theory on a sample of 191 professionals using a two staged field survey. We identified five dimensions of service functionality. The importance of functionality dimensions varies depending on the current level of assimilation. Benefits and top management support enable future platform assimilation. Assimilation costs inhibit future assimilation among the firms with low level of current assimilation. |
S096386872030007X | This study proposes and tests a model of information technology outsourcing capabilities as antecedents of ITO success . Building on the dynamic capabilities perspective the model posits that ITO sensing ITO seizing and ITO orchestrating capabilities will influence ITO success by way of both successful reconfiguration of IT solutions and successful delivery of IT services . Building on extant ITO research the model also hypothesizes that contract management capabilities and relationship management capabilities will influence ITO success via the successful delivery of IT services . Data from a cross sectional survey of 152 large U.S. based organizations in various industries were analyzed with PLS . The results support the hypothesis that successful reconfiguration mediates the effect of dynamic capabilities on ITO success . They partially support the hypothesis of successful delivery as mediator of the effect of dynamic capabilities on ITO success . The hypothesis of successful delivery as a mediator of the effect of relationship management capabilities and contract management capabilities on ITO success is supported only for relationship management capabilities . The study offers a theoretical anchoring for the conceptualization of ITO capabilities which complements the rich and context specific case based literature of ITO capabilities and extends current research by adding to existing explanations of how ITO success is achieved . | IT outsourcing ITO dynamic capabilities affect ITO success via IT reconfiguration. ITO dynamic capabilities affect ITO success via IT service delivery. ITO contract management capabilities affect ITO success via IT service delivery. ITO relational capabilities affect ITO success via IT service delivery. |
S0963868720300081 | A significant recent technological development concerns the automation of knowledge and service work as a result of advances in Artificial Intelligence and its sub fields . We use the term Intelligent Automation to describe this phenomenon . This development presents organisations with a new strategic opportunity to increase business value . However academic research contributions that examine these developments are spread across a wide range of scholarly disciplines resulting in a lack of consensus regarding key findings and implications . We conduct the first interdisciplinary literature review that systematically characterises the intellectual state and development of Intelligent Automation technologies in the knowledge and service sectors . Based on this review we provide three significant contributions . First we conceptualise Intelligent Automation and its associated technologies . Second we provide a business value based model of Intelligent Automation for knowledge and service work and identify twelve research gaps that hinder a complete understanding of the business value realisation process . Third we provide a research agenda to address these gaps . | First scoping review of Intelligent Automation research in knowledge and service sectors. Conceptualises Intelligent Automation and related technologies. Synthesises Intelligent Automation knowledge across multiple disciplines. Provides a business value based model of Intelligent Automation for knowledge and service work. An agenda to guide Intelligent Automation research is presented. |
S0963868720300214 | Recent years have seen heightened interest in how information technologies are changing the nature of work in strategy and in the work of strategists . This paper highlights four modes of open strategizing which represent the digital work activities of strategists who in our case are top managers involved in developing and implementing a new five year strategy at a large professional association . Top managers adopted an open strategy approach and included their organizational community in shaping a future direction for the professional association . Whilst IT enabled openness in strategy has received significant interest recently few studies have focused on the specific work practices of strategists and subsequently connected this to notable outcomes such as organizational transformation . We therefore respond to this by connecting the four outlined modes we identify to show realized strategic outcomes of digital work and how it can transform organizations . | Outlines the digital work of strategists in this case top managers. Provides an empirical case of digital work in relation to open strategy. Emphasizes how digital work enables the activities of ideation formulation and implementation in open strategy. Proposes four modes of open strategizing which incorporate digital work. These modes of open strategizing help to guide subsequent organizational transformation. |
S0963868720300226 | How do configurations of humans and algorithms evolve as firms adopt artificial intelligence capabilities and what are the implications for work and organization We explored these questions through a two year long case study of an organization in the international maritime trade that introduced automated algorithmic support for data analysis and prediction work . Drawing on a humanmachine configuration perspective we found that humans and the algorithm were configured and reconfigured in multiple ways over time as the organization dealt with the introduction of algorithmic analysis . In contrast to replacing human work the emergent configurations required new roles and redistribution of extant expertise to augment and improve the accuracy of the algorithm . Our analysis suggests that the new configuration resembled a human in the loop pattern comprised of both the augmentation work of | Examining the introduction of an algorithm into the social fabric of the organization. Illustrating a human in the loop configuration of humanmachine interplay. Articulating a conceptual model of augmentation work. Suggesting that the notions of automation and augmentation are intertwined. Pointing to the strategic importance of reflexive capabilities for the organization of AI. |
S0963868720300238 | Organizations are increasingly digitalizing the work associated with information exchange by using enterprise social media . However social medias openness to outsider users poses significant challenges to maintaining alignment between social media logic and the dominant organizational logic . Through an in depth longitudinal abductive study of three successive social media implementations in a single organization I explore the process of maintaining social media alignment and its long term consequences on the nature of the work . The paper shows that digitalization exposes the work to continuous adjustment within and across three elements of digital work digital infrastructure work digital strategy work and aligning work . The findings show that despite initial social media alignment through continuous coevolution of these three elements the platform logic underlying digital community work eventually drifted away from supporting the organizations original logic of cohesion to supporting an alternative logic of inclusivity . Accordingly a process model of platform drifting has been developed . By taking a closer look at actual practices the paper contributes to digital work research by identifying distinct elements of digital work involved in social media alignment and illustrates the profound long term consequences of social media on the nature of the work . | The challenges of digitalizing the work by open participatory social media platforms are discussed. The notion of. vs. drifting is proposed. are articulated digital infrastructure work digital strategy work and aligning work . The. is constructed based on the coevolution of digital work elements. The implications of platform drifting for. are discussed. |
S096386872030024X | Advanced workplace technologies are increasingly used alongside traditional enterprise software packages in the workplace . However we have only limited understanding of how different kinds of technologies are used to dynamically shape work routines and fluidity in a digital workplace . We conducted an in depth six year study of the use of enterprise resource planning system by a large information technology service provider company . The company used the system to manage its global staffing processes . We explored how the users of this system sought to achieve the fluidity needed to do their work . Our findings show that users balance two patterns of routine performance through different technologies with varying degrees of malleability one to generate fluidity and another to generate stability . We call this process generative balancing . Our research contributes to the literature on workplace technologies and ERP use by providing insights into how the use of technologies with different degrees of malleability helps to craft digital workspaces and enables users to deal with tensions between accomplishing local level performance and realizing corporate level strategic intents . | Users mobilize IT components with varying degree of malleability to perform routines. We call this generative balancing. We offer a new perspective on how actors attain fluidity in the local workplace when using ES. |
S0963868720300251 | Uncertainty and the pursuit of new ventures are intricately linked . Digital technologies open up new ways for uncertainty handling in the pursuit of novelty . In this paper we develop a process model that traces the dynamics among uncertainty digitally enabled tactics and organizational novelty . The model points to the potential of technologies that are evocative disposable and responsive for venturing in complex uncertainty ridden contexts . Our research builds on extant conceptualizations of complexity in innovation journeys in conjunction with perspectives on effectual entrepreneurial tactics . Empirically we investigate uncertainty handling through a longitudinal case study on an in house venture for the introduction of novel electronic services for patients in a major university hospital . Our research provides insight into the processes through which intrapreneurs handle uncertainty by leveraging the potential of digital technologies . The paper offers theoretical implications for the digital intrapreneurship literature . | Provides insight into uncertainty handling processes of intrapreneurs. Suggests a model of digital intrapreneurship. Maps the dynamics among uncertainty effectual tactics and organizational novelty. Illustrates how digital technologies can be evocative disposable and responsive. Shows that digital technologies can facilitate ventures in uncertainty ridden contexts. |
S0963868720300305 | Digital transformation has become a central construct in information systems research . Current conceptualizations largely attribute transformation to intentionality focus on transformation within a single organization or assign technology the role of a disruptive agent of change . Likewise digital tends to be a general category of technology rather than a specific technology enacted in a time and place . Inspired by Schatzkian practice theory and its site ontology we suggest a contextual viewpoint on digital transformation and call it relational digital transformation . We analyzed the change dynamics in the context of taxi dispatch practice in Finland studying the changing taxi dispatch platforms over years . We investigated five powerful industry actors two incumbents two entrants and a federation of taxi entrepreneurs . We identified events of change in the material arrangements in sites and explain the changes through the process dynamics in the focal practice . We define relational digital transformation as a process through which practice arrangement bundles of digital technologies evolve over time . This approach assumes the default nature of an industry is to be found in the changing relations | Current definitions of digital transformation DT have limitations. Relational digital transformation RDT provides a theoretical extension to DT. RDT contrasts radically with intentionality and entity centric assumptions of DT. RDT is a practice theoretical approach that captures industry level changes. RDT does not attribute change agency to any entities |
S0963868720300317 | Research on alignment between business strategy and information technology strategy has generated extensive insights over the last three decades . That research has focused primarily on the fit between business and IT strategies while cross domain alignment i.e . alignment between business strategy and IT infrastructure components has received far less attention . Further previous studies have focused on the implications of alignment for firm performance while the effects of cross domain alignment on business unit performance in multi business organizations are yet to be examined . This issue is important as IT infrastructures are evolving rapidly . Specifically MBOs are increasingly turning to corporate IT platforms to support a common set of shared IT needs while still allowing individual business units to manage unique aspects of their own IT needs through local IT applications . Extending prior research this study proposes that performance of business units in MBOs is influenced by two complementary forms of cross domain alignment viz . alignment between the corporate IT platform and the corporate business strategy and alignment between the business units portfolio of IT applications and its business strategy . Using data from a global survey of 120 organizations we find evidence that complementarity between these two forms of cross domain alignment creates a joint positive effect on business unit performance . We also find that this effect varies with the extent of process digitization within business units . Implications for theory and practice are discussed . | We examine the effects of cross domain alignment in multi business organizations. We distinguish between corporate domain alignment and BU domain alignment. Corporate domain alignment and BU domain alignment jointly affect BU performance. BU process digitization moderates the effects of corporate and BU domain alignment. We introduce the idea of success dilemma for BUs in multi business organizations. |
S096386872030041X | This paper investigates how Information Technology leveraging capability supports buyer supplier collaboration in New Product Development . IT leveraging capability is defined as the ability to effectively use IT functionalities to support IT enabled NPD activities . We consider three dimensions of this capability effective use of Project and Resource Management Systems effective use of Knowledge Management Systems and effective use of Cooperative Work Systems . We consider the dynamics between these three dimensions which have usually been treated as equal . Using an in depth case study approach we show that effective use of KMS and CWS are key dimensions to support collaboration creating a unique source of competitive advantage . On the other hand while effective use of PRMS does not help to create differentiation it is important to support the coordination of KMS and CWS . Furthermore the three dimensions have different intensities of contribution depending on the NPD stage and supplier involvement configuration . | We study 3 IT leveraging capability dimensions KM CW and PRM in collaborative NPD. Co development is addressed by deploying it into NPD stages and collaboration types. We show the dynamics of KM CW and PRM among them and on the NPD stages. IT capability dimensions play different roles depending of the collaboration type. |
S0963868720300494 | From an information systems perspective organizations striving to leverage a strategic alignment between Information Technology and business areas often underestimate the role of human resource management in creating business value . This literature review analyzes 71 scholarly articles to assess the role of human resource management in supporting the strategic alignment between business and IT . We identify the organizational role of individual human resources in strategic alignment their contribution to more effective strategic alignment and how human resource management supports such contribution . Based on these insights we formulate propositions and identify avenues for future research . | Grounded theory literature review analyzing 71 research articles. Identification of dimensions themes and concepts related to human resources in strategic alignment. Illustrating the impact of HRM on strategic alignment. Concluding with avenues for future research. |
S0963868720300500 | IT IS strategy is of central importance to practice and many well developed lines of research have contributed to our understanding of IT IS strategy . However throughout the last decade digitalization has fundamentally transformed the business world and put into question traditional strategy wisdom . As information technologies are the driver of this digital transformation we can expect an even more fundamental change in IT IS strategy thinking . To verify this expectation we undertook an in depth extensive review of the academic literature on this topic . Our review which is time framed to the years 20082018 distils five different directions in the development of IT IS strategy research . It also identifies a shift in how IT IS strategy is defined and investigated over this period . Moreover we present an emerging debate on how digitalization challenges traditional IT IS strategy wisdom . As this debate is still in its infancy we take it further by entering into the larger discussion on digitalization including digital innovation digital ecosystems and digital transformation . Building on this we derive at deeper insights on how IT IS strategy could should or should better not be understood in the digital age . | We investigate the IT IS strategy research activity from its inception until today. We identify five research trends in recent IT IS strategy research. We find shifts in how IT IS strategy is understood by scholars in the last decade. We infer how IT IS strategy can should or should not be understood in the digital age. |
S0965206X1930066X | The development of pressure ulcers is associated with four different pathways ischemia ischemia reperfusion injury impaired interstitial fluid flow and lymphatic drainage and cell deformation . For prediction of pressure ulcer development it is important to detect the tissue response involved in the pathways at the molecular level . However non invasive techniques for detecting this tissue response are not available . This study aimed to demonstrate that the secretion of the candidate marker proteins in pressure loaded mouse skin can be detected by skin blotting and to propose a novel direct skin assessment method for predicting pressure ulcer development . We created three different tissue damage models early stage pressure ulcers blanchable erythema and intact skin . We confirmed the pathways involved in the pressure ulcer development by histological analyses in the pressure ulcer model . Interleukin 1 vascular endothelial growth factor C and heat shock protein 90 were expressed in the pressure ulcer model at a significantly different level compared to the blanchable erythema or intact skin during the time course . Detecting the secretion of these novel biomarkers by skin blotting can be a useful method for non invasive prediction of pressure ulcer development . | Secretion of the candidate marker proteins in pressure loaded mouse skin can be detected by skin blotting for predicting pressure ulcer development. Three different tissue damage models were used early stage pressure ulcers blanchable erythema and intact skin. IL 1 VEGF C and HSP90 may be usfeul biormakers for predicting pressure ulcer development. |
S0965206X1930083X | Second intention healing of wounds on distal extremities in cats can be considered for superficial wounds involving less than 30 of the circumference of the limb . In our case the wound was characterized by complete loss of skin on 100 of the circumference of the limb from the elbow to the paw with contemporary ulnar fracture . Advanced reconstructive surgery or amputation of the leg was not acceptable for the owner therefore healing with medical honey was selected . In 49 days an 80 reduction of the wound was observed . The wound healed completely by second intention with regrowth of hair and minimal scarring . Complete function was restored in the affected leg . To the authors knowledge this is the first written report of such extensive complete loss of skin on a leg in a cat healed by second intention with the use of medical honey . | Complete regeneration of the skin in a cat with regrowth of hair with medical honey. Complete regeneration after skin loss on 100 of the circumference of the leg. Extensive wound on a leg in a cat healed by second intention with honey. Complete healing by second intention with regrowth of hair and minimal scarring. Extensive wound healing on extremity in a cat. |
S0965206X19301159 | The aim of this work was to evaluate some biological properties of hake head oil as well its lipid composition . The fatty acid profiles showed a dominance of unsaturated fatty acids overtaking 55 of the total fatty acids . Omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acid profiles exhibited a dominance of EPA and DHA . The antioxidant activity was determined through two different assays DPPH scavenging activity and carotene bleaching by linoleic acid assay . Eighteen mice were excised on their back and divided into 3 groups treated with sterile saline commercial healing cream and HHO respectively . The wound closure rate the hydroxyproline contents and the histopathology evolution in skin tissue were elaborated . Also the anti inflammatory activity was studied by carrageenan induced mouse paw edema . Mice were divided into 3 groups treated respectively with sterile saline anti inflammatory drug reference and HHO . The anti inflammatory evaluation of HHO in mice exhibited an important inhibition of carrageenan induced hind paws edema as confirmed by the histological analysis the superoxide dismutase catalase and malondialdehyde level . HHO displayed a significant wound healing effect probably due to the anti inflammatory and antioxidant activities of its EPA and DHA contents . The overall results proved that HHO might be favorable drugs who exert a great therapeutic potential wound healing and anti inflammatory effects in animal model . | Hake Head Oil HHO was extracted and characterized. HHO show a dominance of Omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty. HHO exhibit a potent healing capacity on rat wounds. HHO have an interesting effect on skin tissue regeneration. |
S0965206X19301275 | Diabetic foot ulcers are one of the most serious complications of diabetes mellitus . Although research has improved understanding of DFU etiology an effective clinical prevention and management of DFUs remains undetermined . Knowledge of recent technologies may enable clinicians and researchers to provide appropriate interventions to prevent and treat DFUs . This paper discusses how diabetes causes peripheral neuropathy and peripheral arterial diseases which contribute to increased risk of DFUs . Then emerging technologies that could be used to quantify risks of DFUs are discussed including laser Doppler flowmetry for assessing plantar tissue viability infrared thermography for early detection of plantar tissue inflammation plantar pressure and pressure gradient system for identification of specific site at risk for DFUs and ultrasound indentation tests to quantify plantar tissue mechanical property . This paper also reviews how physical activity reduces risks of DFUs and how technology promotes adherence of physical activity . The clinician should encourage people with DM to exercise at least 150min per week and assess their exercise log along with the blood glucose log for providing individualized exercise prescription . Last rehabilitation interventions such as off loading devices thermotherapy and electrotherapy are discussed . Although the exact etiology of DFUs is unclear the emerging technologies discussed in this paper would enable clinicians to closely monitor the change of risk of DFUs and provide timely intervention . An integrated approach using all these emerging technologies should be promoted and may lead to a better outcome of preventing and managing DFUs . | Risk factors of diabetic foot ulcers DFUs can be quantitatively measured with appropriate technologies. Risks of DFUs can be reduced through physical activity and physical activity monitoring. Rehabilitation modalities may improve outcomes of treating DFUs. An integrated approach using available technologies may provide better outcomes on preventing and treating DFUs. |
S0965206X19301512 | Undermining is an important issue in the treatment and care of deep pressure ulcers . The frequency of the undermining over different bony prominences varies . In particular deep pressure ulcers over the sacrum exhibit undermining more frequently than those occurring over the heel . Although shear force has been suggested as a critical factor in undermining the exact mechanism remains unclear due to ethical and technical reasons in clinical practice . To clarify this issue a deformable model was constructed to recreate the physical and morphological properties of a pressure ulcer with persistent undermining . The model was constructed using urethane to recreate the physical properties of a pressure ulcer . To examine the clinical relevance of the model mechanical properties of the skin and the model were measured using a durometer . The model was further mounted onto a phantom that was laid on a bed . Backrest elevation of the bed induced deformities in the urethane model suggesting a mechanism of persistent undermining of the sacral pressure ulcer . Moreover a simple palpation examination in elderly volunteers revealed that the skin over the sacrum was more mobile than the skin over the heel . Therefore persistent undermining is likely caused by specific external forces and the characteristic skin mobility of the sacral region . These two different factors explain the frequent undermining that occurs in sacral pressure ulcers . | Undermining is an important and unresolved issue for pressure ulcers. A deformable model of pressure ulcers was mounted onto a phantom. The elevation of the bed backrest induced deformities in the model. Simple palpation revealed enhanced mobility of the skin over the sacrum. This phenomenon is explained by wound deformity by specific forces and mobility. |
S0965206X1930172X | Damage to the blood vascular system and their altered permeability is a prominent pathological event in case of dermal injury particularly in burn trauma situations . Prediction of vascular perfusion at the site of damage could be an attractive tool in the estimation of thermal burn injury . A very few reports are available with reference to this tool in defining the thermal injury status . We have used the vascular perfusion estimation method as a tool in assessing the severity of thermal damage to the animal skin . To validate this tool the mice were subjected to the thermal burn at 90C for 10 20 30s and excised burned skin samples were analyzed for vascular perfusion 24hr post burn treatment . The vascular perfusion was significantly altered in a time dependent fashion . This method also provided information regarding blood vessel damage at varied time points . The results of this study clearly indicate the severity of skin damage by the thermal burn . The finding of the present study could have greater implications in predicting the degree of burn . This method is very simple and cost effective compared to other available modalities used for the estimation of thermal burn injury . The method certainly has the benefit of the estimation of burn injury in the animal models . | Alerted blood permeability is prominent features during burn injury. Evaluation of vascular perfusion at the site of damage could be an attractive tool. Vascular perfusion in the skin of mice has been measured by VegSeg tool. The severity of burn injury can be measured by this method. The thermal injury at different time points in mice clearly showed the affected vasculature. |
S0965206X2030022X | Diffuse large B cell lymphoma constitutes the most frequent subtype of all non Hodgkin s lymphomas . DLBCL is an aggressive disease and extranodal involvement is seen in approximately 30 of patients and most common extranodal sites are gastointestinal tract and skin . Skin involvement may be either primary or secondary . Secondary cutaneous lymphoma has a worse prognosis . The case is here reported of a 56 year old male DLBCL patient with cutaneous lesions and aggressive clinical course . The patient had no skin lesions at diagnosis and during follow up and treatment period skin cerebrospinal fluid and bone marrow involvement was occurred . Salvage chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation was planned but the patient died before the second cycle of salvage chemotherapy . In contrast to primary cutaneous lymphoma which tends to be more indolent secondary skin involvement is associated with unfavourable prognosis . In conclusion it should be kept in mind that skin can be involved in lymphoma patients and in these cases skin biopsy should be performed rapidly . | Diffuse large B cell lymphoma is an aggressive disease and extranodal involvement is seen in approximately 30 of patients. Most common extranodal sites are gastointestinal tract and skin. Skin involvement may be either primary or secondary. Secondary cutaneous lymphoma has a worse prognosis. Salvage chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation is the best treatment choice. Extramedullary involvement is associated with poor prognosis not only in lymphomas but in all hematological malignancies. |
S0965206X20300279 | Manuka honey a wound treatment used to eradicate bacteria resolve inflammation and promote wound healing is a current focus in the tissue engineering community as a tissue template additive . However Manuka honey s effect on neutrophils during the inflammation resolving phase has yet to be examined . This study investigates the effect of 0.5 and 3 Manuka honey on the release of cytokines chemokines and matrix degrading enzymes from a dHL 60 neutrophil model in the presence of anti inflammatory stimuli . We hypothesized that Manuka honey would reduce the output of pro inflammatory signals and increase the release of anti inflammatory signals . The results of this study indicate that 0.5 honey significantly increases the release of CXCL8 IL 8 CCL2 MCP 1 CCL4 MIP 1 CCL20 MIP 3 IL 4 IL 1ra and FGF 13 while reducing Proteinase 3 release in the anti inflammatory stimulated models . However 3 honey significantly increased the release of TNF and CXCL8 IL 8 while reducing the release of all other analytes . We replicated a subset of the most notable findings in primary human neutrophils and the consistent results indicate that the HL 60 data are relevant to the performance of primary cells . These findings demonstrate the variable effects of Manuka honey on the release of cytokines chemokines and matrix degrading enzymes of this model of neutrophil anti inflammatory activity . This study reinforces the importance of tailoring the concentration of Manuka honey in a wound or tissue template to elicit the desired effects during the inflammation resolving phase of wound healing . Future | Manuka honey alters the secretome of an anti inflammatory dHL 60 neutrophil model. 0.5 honey increases both pro inflammatory and anti inflammatory signal release. 3 honey reduces all release except TNF and IL 8. In primary human neutrophils 0.5 honey increases IL 1ra VEGF and MMP 9. |
S0965206X20300735 | There has been an ongoing debate in the healthcare community about what pressure ulcers injuries are and how to name define and classify them . The aim of this discussion paper is to provide a brief theoretical background about pressure ulcer injury classification to explain the approach the Guideline Governance Group has taken during the 2019 update of the International Guideline for Prevention and Treatment of Pressure Ulcers Injuries and to share views on how to best implement pressure ulcer injury classification . First formal pressure ulcer injury classifications were introduced in the 1950s and today various pressure ulcer injury classification systems are used worldwide . Dissimilarities between commonly used classification systems may be considered a limitation that impedes clinical and scientific communication . However the conceptual meaning of pressure ulcer injury categories described within the various classification systems is comparable and the current evidence does not indicate that one classification is superior to another . Therefore the Guideline Governance Group created a crosswalk of the major pressure ulcer injury classifications in common use across different geographic regions . Clinicians are encouraged to use the classification system adopted by their healthcare setting in the most consistent way . The validity of pressure ulcer injury classification is closely linked to its intended purpose . Studying measurement properties of pressure ulcer injury classification systems must follow state of the art methods . Structured educational interventions are helpful for improving diagnostic accuracy and reducing misclassification of pressure ulcers injuries . Implementation of innovative skin and soft tissue assessments and revised pressure ulcer injury classifications are only worth implementing when the diagnostic information improves clinical care . | For decades there has been an ongoing debate on how to best classify pressure ulcers injuries. Various pressure ulcer injury classifications exist in parallel worldwide. Despite differences the concepts described in the current pressure ulcer injury classifications are similar. There is no evidence that one pressure ulcer injury classification is better than another. Health professionals should be educated on how to best use a pressure ulcer injury classification system.. |
S0965206X20300747 | In cases of complete scalp loss where the calvarium is exposed and reconstruction can not be achieved using replantation or local or far flaps using trephination to create holes to the depth of the spongeous layer followed by grafting once granulation has covered all defects is an important reconstruction alternative . However growth of the granulation after trephination and waiting for the entire defect to be covered is a slow process . Since the introduction of platelet rich plasma several researchers have investigated the efficacy of different bone healing and grafting procedures . We present a case with full thickness partial scalp defect in which we support the development of granulation through holes drilled to the spongeous layer by trephination with PRP . | Drilling holes reaching to the spongious layer of calvarium promotes the formation of granulation to cover the denuded bone. Platelet rich plasma stimulates the formation of granulation tissue from the spongious layer of calvarium. Denuded calvarium can be easily reconstructed by conbining procedures such as trephination PRP application and skin grafting. |
S0965206X20300796 | This aim of this study was to observe the effect of Yang Yan Qing E Wan on senescent phenotypes and the expression of catenin and p16 | This aim of this study was to observe the Yang Yan Qing E Wan is able to inhibit skin cell senescence induced by hydrogen peroxide regulate oxidative stress damage up regulate catenin expression and inhibit the expression level of p16. YYQEW is able to inhibit skin cell senescence induced by hydrogen peroxide regulate oxidative stress damage up regulate catenin expression and inhibit the expression level of p16. The exact mechanism of YYQEW in delaying skin cell aging requires further investigation. |
S0965206X20300863 | The main goal of this study was to explore the beneficial effect of nerve growth factor overexpressing of human adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells encapsulated in injectable chitosan glycerophosphate hydroxyethylcellulose hydrogel for spinal cord regeneration . The CS GP HEC hydrogel and genetically transduced hADSCs using pseudo lentiviruses NGF were prepared . The mechanical properties morphology and cytotoxicity of the hydrogel were investigated by rheometry scanning electron microscope and MTT assay respectively . Rats animals were undergone spinal cord injury then one week post injury CS GP HEC hydrogel transduced hADSCs and transduced hADSCs CS GP HEC hydrogel injected into the site of the lesion . Animals with SCI and animals with laminectomy without SCI were considered as negative control and sham groups respectively . Positive control group received no surgical intervention . At eight weeks post injection histological studies indicated a significant increase in cell proliferation a smaller cavity in size at the SCI site as well as better locomotor functions for transduced hADSCs CS GP HEC hydrogel group compared to other experimental groups . Our results showed that CS GP HEC hydrogel in combination with transduced hADSCs is able to successfully regenerate SCI . These results may be applicable in the selection of the best therapeutic strategy based on gene therapy and tissue engineering for SCI treatment . | Chitosan CS based hydrogels are a great candidate due to its unique properties such as nontoxicity biocompatibility biodegradability antitumor activity and low immunogenicity. In the case of SCI treatment the authors claimed that CS polymer provides great neuroprotection and potent microenvironment for neural tissue repair. However previous studies have not evaluated the therapeutic potential of injectable CS hydrogel in combination with lentiviral mediated NGFoverexpressing ADSCs for the treatment of SCI. In the current study we evaluated the effect of lentiviral mediated NGFoverexpressing ADSCs in the combination of CS based hydrogel for spinal cord regeneration in rat animal model after SCI. |
S0965856417310066 | This paper presents an algorithm to find multimodal shortest hyperpaths in a transport system where transit arrival is random while real time information on vehicle arrivals is only available for some lines and modes . When the algorithm is queried there is a short horizon where real time information is accurate and past this the most reliable information for estimating the arrivals is to use a random distribution specific to the lines . This problem occurs frequently in emerging cities where the transit schedules are not maintained . A Combined Real Time Hypergraph is constructed to model the multimodal transport system where all the public transport modes have random arrivals and real time information on arrivals is available for some lines of some modes . In order to model the period of time when some lines have real time information the composition of the head nodes of hyperarcs changes over time . The algorithm is tested on a real life transport system where we change the number of lines with available real time information to assess the performance of the algorithm in different scenarios . We found that incrementing the number of lines with real time information does not impact the performance . | An hypergraph model for frequency based transit with real time information is presented. In the presented model users can select which combination of modes are willing to board. Boarding hyperarcs are time dependent to capture real time arrivals. The algorithm has good results to be implemented in an ATIS. |
S0965856417311473 | Plug in electric vehicles are seen as a promising option to reduce oil dependency greenhouse gas emissions particulate matter pollution nitrogen oxide emissions and noise caused by individual road transportation . But how is it possible to foster diffusion of plug in electric vehicles Our research focuses on the question whether e mobility product service systems are supportive to plug in electric vehicle adoption in professional environments . | Empirical insights on adoption of e mobility product service systems are provided. The question whether product service systems can support EV adoption is analyzed. Research approach combines techno economical evaluations with behavioral aspects. Organizations additional willingness to pay for EV compensates their higher costs. Smart platform services could increase benefits of e mobility product service systems. |
S0965856417311618 | Unconventional modes of transport play a substantial role in many developing cities in meeting the mobility demand in spite of having negative image in the eyes of the authorities . This manuscript outlines a conjoint framework where various factors affecting sustainability and competitiveness of UCMs are identified through observation study and organized using PESTLE qualitative framework . Afterwards it presents an AHP TOPSIS based qualitative approach where inputs from experts as well as major stakeholders are combined based on the PESTLE framework to fathom the competitiveness of UCMs . Along this process the manuscript also unveils the business model of UCMs along with their area of operation advantages and weaknesses . For this the study uses Dhaka the capital city of Bangladesh as study area and selects three popular UCMs locally known as Rickshaw Easy bike and Leguna . The findings suggest that economic social and political factors respectively have the highest influence among all factors of PESTLE . Rickshaw was found to be the most competitive followed by Easy bike and Leguna . The study is expected to shed light into the perception and expectation of major stakeholders of UCMs which in turn will provide valuable insight for designing conventional public transport services and or help in slowly integrating the UCMs into the mainstream transportation service through addressing their shortcomings . | A framework for assessing competitiveness of unconventional modes UCM of transport. Fusions PESTLE qualitative framework with AHP TOPSIS based quantitative methods. Modes compared include Rickshaw Easy Bike and Leguna. Standings of competitiveness in order Rickshaw Easy Bike and Leguna. Findings help in design conventional public transport and integration of UCM. |
S096585641731162X | Bicycle is a sustainable low carbon transport mode . However insufficient or unplanned infrastructure leads to decrease in the share of bicycle in many cities of developing nations . In order to increase the bicycle share and to provide safer faster and more direct routes a bicycle superhighway is proposed for urban areas . This study identifies the potential of increase in the bicycle share . For maximum utilization of the new infrastructure an algorithm is presented to identify the optimum number and locations of the connectors between proposed new infrastructure and existing network . Household income levels are incorporated into the decision making process of individual travellers for a better understanding of the modal shift . A real world case study of Patna India is chosen to show the application of the proposed superhighway . It is shown that for Patna the bicycle share can escalate as high as 48 up from 32 by providing this kind of infrastructure . However together with bicycles allowing motorbikes on the superhighway limits the bicycle share to 44 . The increase in bicycle share is mainly a result of people switching from motorbike public transport and walk to the bicycle . Further to evaluate the benefits of the bicycle superhighway this study first extends an emission modelling tool to estimate the time dependent vehicle specific emissions under mixed traffic conditions . Allowing only bicyclists on the superhighway improves congested urban areas reduces emissions and increases accessibility . However allowing motorbikes on the superhighway increases emissions significantly in the central part of the urban area and reduces accessibilities by bicycle mode to education facilities which are undesirable . This study elicits that a physically segregated high quality bicycle superhighway will not only attract current non cyclist travellers and increase the share of the bicycle mode but will also reduce negative transport externalities significantly . | A bicycle superhighway is proposed for an urban area. Algorithm to identify optimum number and locations of bicycle superhighway connectors. Household income is included in the decision making process of individual travellers. The potential of increase in bicycle share is quantified. Impact of BSH on emissions and accessibilities is visualised for policy implications. |
S0965856417311631 | On the basis of 143 responses from experts and stakeholders from Germany Austria Spain the Netherlands and the UK we assess the perceived impact of a range of incentives for the uptake of electric vehicles . We find that the incentive that most respondents consider to have a positive impact is the development of charging infrastructure with 75 stating so . This is followed by purchase subsidies to narrow the difference in price of an EV and that of an internal combustion engine vehicle with 68 of respondents stating that they have a strong or at least a partial positive impact . Pilot trial demonstrations of EVs to expose potential buyers to EVs are also perceived to have a positive effect with 66 of respondents stating so . Tax incentives which like purchase subsidies narrow the gap between the total operating cost of an EV and that of a conventional vehicle are also perceived to have a positive impact by 65 of respondents . Other incentives that are perceived to have a positive influence include climate change and air quality policies consumer information schemes and differential taxation applied to various fuels and energy vectors . | We conduct a questionnaire on incentives for EV uptake with 143 experts and stakeholders from Germany Austria Spain the Netherlands and the UK. 75 of respondents perceive charging infrastructure to have a positive impact. 68 of respondents perceive purchase subsidies to have a positive impact. 66 of respondents perceive pilot trial demonstrations to have a positive impact. 65 of respondents perceive purchase tax incentives to have a positive impact. |
S096585641731443X | The classification of the urban traffic state and its application is an important part of intelligent transportation systems which can not only help traffic managers grasp the traffic operation situation and analyze congestion but also provide travelers with more traffic information and help them avoid congestion . Thus an accurate traffic state classification method would be very practical for urban traffic management . The primary objective of this study is to classify the urban traffic state using a machine learning method . In this approach two parts are developed . First a new classification indicator i.e . the ample degree of road network is proposed and it will make up a comprehensive classification indicator system with other parameters such as traffic flow speed and occupancy . Then the traditional fuzzy c means clustering approach is improved in two regards i.e . the fuzzy membership function improvement and weighting processing of the samples and these improvements can enhance the clustering performance . As a result an improved machine learning method is developed and used to conduct the clustering analysis with real world traffic flow data . Next a case study of Shanghai is used to guide the study process which consists of data processing clustering analysis and method comparison . The other methods method the decision tree method the k Nearest Neighbor method and the traditional FCM clustering approach are introduced to compare with the improved FCM clustering approach . The discussion shows the superiority of the proposed method and it outperforms the other methods in classification performance . Additionally the NMI ROC curve results also illustrated the superiority of the improved FCM method to other methods . These comaprison results suggest that the improved FCM clustering approach is feasible and the results can be well used in the advanced traffic management system which may have the potential to serve as a reference for releasing accurate traffic state information and preventing traffic congestion and risk . | A machine learning approach is used. The traditional FCM clustering algorithm is improved in terms of the fuzzy membership function and weighting processing of the samples. The ample degree of road network is introduced in this paper. A comprehensive analysis of classification accuracy is conducted to evaluate the classification performance. |
S0965856418302131 | This paper examines the impacts of smartphone application usage on mobility choice dimensions such as individuals visits to new places individuals trips planned in groups their participation at social gatherings and vehicle kilometers traveled . It uses data from the Smartphone Use and Travel Choice Survey 2015 which was conducted exclusively on smartphone users of Halifax Canada . A latent class random parameter logit modeling technique is applied in this study that provides a better understanding of the effects of smartphone application usage on mobility choices . The model results offer behavioral insights regarding the influence of individuals attitudes travel characteristics built environment and accessibility measures on the relationship between smartphone application usage and mobility choices . For instance living in the higher mixed land use areas individuals are less likely to increase their vehicle kilometers traveled due to smartphone application usage especially if they are tech savvy . Such individuals tend to increase their participation in social gatherings . One of the unique features of this study is that it explores the effects of individuals smartphone application usage on mobility choices in terms of their attitudes . The study reveals that in case of people with positive attitude towards sustainable travel smartphone application usage tends to decrease vehicle kilometers traveled new place visits and planned group trips however increase participation in social gatherings . Results of this study provide critical behavioral insights that could be useful for transportation planners and policy makers to develop flexible policy interventions . | The study explores how smartphone application usage affects mobility choices. Tech savvy transit commuters increase mobility due to smartphone application usage. Smartphone application usage less likely to have any effect on non tech savvy transit commuters. Sustainable travel attitude increases individuals social gatherings decreases VKT. Higher land use mix increases non tech savvys VKT decreases tech savvys VKT. |
S096585641830661X | Carpooling rates in America have been falling for decades . But new technologies may offer solutions to traditional carpooling barriers and usher in a new chapter in shared car travel . Ride hail services connect riders to drivers through smartphone applications . The largest ride hail companies Uber and Lyft offer shared carpool services to connect riders traveling in the same directions and at the same times . Although researchers have recently begun to understand who uses ride hail services few have yet investigated ridesharing . To fill this gap I ask and answer two questions . First what factors are associated with | About one third of Lyft trips are shared. People rideshare at higher rates than carpool with people outside their household. Ten percent of Lyft riders make 94 percent of Lyft Shared trips. Riders living in low income dense areas make higher proportions of shared trips. More trips are shared during peak hours when prices are higher. |
S0965856418307420 | We present a transit model that based on automated fare collection and train tracking data describes pedestrian movements in train stations and vehicle specific train ridership distributions . Our approach differs from existing models in that we describe on board passenger dynamics and pedestrian dynamics at stations in a joint framework . We assume that travelers first decide on the train they will take and then pursue their journey through the network by successively choosing pedestrian paths waiting positions on platforms and specific train cars . Travelers explicitly maximize their travel utility . We model how crowding influences their walking speeds and how it affects travel utility both at stations and on board . To illustrate the framework we present a real case study of a major Dutch rail corridor for which we collect a rich set of passenger pedestrian and train operation data . We observe a good agreement of model estimates with empirical observations and discuss the use of the model for various transit related problems including level of service assessment crowding estimation transit optimization and integrated investment appraisal . | We describe crowding on board and at stations based on automated transit data. Travelers consider the influence of crowding on comfort and on walking speeds. AA Dutch rail corridor with a rich set of passenger data is studied. Pedestrian flows densities and train car loads are well reproduced. Applications include transit planning crowding estimation or disruption management. |
S0965856418307973 | In this study we investigate what explains the decision by Swedish planners to include an investment in the draft for the Swedish national transport plan 20182029 using binary logit models and interviews . Where previous studies have focused on the impact of cost benefit analyses we broaden the analysis to include other parts of the Swedish appraisal framework including the distributional and goal fulfilment analyses . We find that even though many aspects of the investments are appraised few seem to explain investment decisions . The only parts of the appraisal that we find influence investment decisions are the cost benefit results the negative non valuated environmental effects and the assessment of the total socio economic impact . We find that the distributional analysis the goal fulfilment analysis or other features of the investments such as if it is a road or a railway hold no explanatory power . The results of the study raise questions about the role of the appraisal procedure and the impact assessments in the planning process . Interviews with planners reveal a number of issues that help explain the limited role of the distributional analysis and the goal fulfilment analysis including concerns with the way the distributional analysis and the goal fulfilment analysis are designed . The lack of nuance as well as the lack of consensus on how to perform the analyses are put forward as known issues . Furthermore given the large resources committed to conducting investment appraisals the paper concludes that the development of infrastructure appraisal frameworks should be based on careful reflection and analysis of the effectiveness of different parts of the appraisal process . | CBA results seem to influence investment decisions in Sweden. Negative non valued environmental also influence the investment decisions. The goal fulfilment and distributional analyses does not. Planners state that these two parts lack nuance and consensus on how to perform. |
S0965856418309261 | Based on digital transformation processes public mobility is experiencing tremendous and far reaching change . The use of information and communication technology enables disruptive mobility solutions that have recently became known as mobility as a service . MaaS promises great economic potential and supports the idea of a more efficient allocation of transport resources . However the main motivational mechanisms behind travelers adoption intention are still unknown . This research identifies key motivational determinants and investigates their structural interrelations . Based on a literature review we first identify the fundamental characteristics of MaaS . Building on this common understanding we conduct qualitative in depth interviews with potential end users to explore motivational acceptance factors . We draw from our inductive findings to postulate a structural causal equation model that captures motivational mechanisms behind the intention to adopt MaaS . Finally the model will be quantitatively validated based on a comprehensive survey and the use of partial least squares analysis . We show that psychological needs play a crucial role in the acceptance of MaaS . The results demonstrate that anticipated advantages of autonomy competence and the feeling of being related to a social peer group affect hedonic motivation and the expected usefulness of MaaS offerings which equally affect behavioral intention . We also introduce a novel theoretical construct and show that in the present disruptive context cognitive congruency between existing habit schemata and anticipated MaaS usage patterns significantly affect the judgment process and behavioral intention . Finally important implications for market strategy product development and policy measures will be discussed . | We explore main motivational mechanisms behind the intention to adopt MaaS. We combine inductive exploration with quantitative deductive research and PLS SEM. Adoption intention is equally driven by usefulness perceptions and hedonic motives. Important role of psychological needs and habit related cognitive schemata. |
S0965856418309340 | Novel approaches to service bundling in the passenger transportation market are enabled by technology driven innovations and give rise to so called Mobility as a Service concepts . These approaches promise to increase the accessibility of existing public transportation services possibly decrease car ownership rates and lower the environmental burden of the transportation system . However the potential effects of comprehensive service bundles in the passenger transportation market are still largely unclear . | Consumers valuation of bundling and service integration was calculated. PT car sharing and park and ride were valuated higher when offered in a bundle. Bicycle sharing e bike sharing and taxi were valuated higher as stand alone. WTP for a smartphone app that integrates transportation services was high. |
S0965856418309716 | Integrated mobility aims to improve multimodal integration to make public transport an attractive alternative to private transport . This paper critically reviews extant literature and current public transport governance frameworks of transport operators across a macro and micro spectrum . Our aim is to extend the concept of Mobility as a Service a proposed coordination mechanism for public transport that is yet to prove its commercial viability and general acceptance . Drawing from avaition experiences we propose that smart ticketing systems providing Software as a Service can be extended with governance and operational processes that enhance their ability to facilitate Collaboration as a Service to offer a reimagined MaaS | We introduce the concept of. None. Collaboration as a Service CaaS an extension of MaaS. We provide lessons from the macro sector to better integrate the micro transport sector. Airline style cooperation may be a template for cooperation in public transport. We outline the potential for alliances and networks as a coordinative body. Smart ticketing systems can form the technological basis to facilitate CaaS. |
S096585641830973X | Mobility as a Service is a promising concept which aims at offering seamless mobility to end users and providing economic societal transport related and environmental benefits to the cities of the future . To achieve a successful future market take up of MaaS it is important to develop prototype business models to offer high value bundled mobility services to customers as well as enable the MaaS operator and the involved actors to capture value . This paper aims at investigating the business perspective of MaaS by collecting qualitative data from workshops and in depth interviews in three European metropolitan areas Budapest Greater Manchester and the city of Luxembourg . The analysis of the collected data contributed to the in depth analysis of the MaaS business ecosystem and the identification of the champions of MaaS in the three areas . Prototype business models for MaaS are developed based on the Osterwalders canvas to describe how MaaS operators may create deliver and capture value . Our findings indicate that the MaaS ecosystem comprises of public and private actors who need to cooperate and compete in order to capture value . Although noticeable deviations among the study areas are observed mobility service providers public transport authorities and regional authorities were commonly indicated as the key actors in a MaaS partnership . In addition viewed as a system enablers and barriers to MaaS are identified based on the systems of innovation approach . The analysis indicates that the regulatory framework of the cities the lack of standardization and openness of the application programming interfaces and the need for transport related investments constitute risks for the successful implementation of MaaS in the study areas . Trust between MaaS actors and cooperation in e ticketing are key enablers in some of the study areas . | Prototype MaaS business models are developed for 3 European metropolitan cities. Enablers and barriers are identified based on the systems of innovation approach. MaaS ecosystem comprises of various public and private actors. Mobility service providers and transport and regional authorities are key actors. There are various risks for the successful MaaS implementation in the three areas. |
S0965856418310395 | We examine how passengers react to carriers various overbooking strategies by exploiting the fact that in 2011 Delta launched a bidding system that encourages passengers on an overbooked flight to give up their reserved seats voluntarily . To examine whether Deltas bidding system is effective in increasing the number of passengers being voluntarily bumped we estimate the changes in the number of denied boardings for Delta and other carriers before and after Delta started its bidding system . To address endogeneity and minimize omitted variable bias we employ two step fixed effects Poisson regression models for estimation . The estimation results suggest that Deltas bidding system seems to work as an effective seat inventory management technique that provides an incentive for potential holdouts to give up their reserved seats voluntarily . As a result the bidding system is supposed to keep the number of voluntarily bumped passengers from decreasing . Deltas bidding system seems to effectively keep the number of volunteers relatively constant and more important reduce the number of involuntarily bumped passengers . | We examine how passengers react to carriers various overbooking strategies. We exploit the fact that in 2011 Delta launched a bidding system. We employ two step fixed effects Poisson regression models for estimation. Deltas bidding system keeps the number of volunteers relatively constant. More important the system reduces the number of involuntarily bumped passengers. |
S0965856418310681 | Publicprivate partnerships are gaining popularity in port development projects especially in developing countries . A key question emerges that why private companies are willing to take more risk in some port PPP projects but not in others . This paper empirically investigates willingness to take port PPP contractual risk from institutional perspectives . Specifically the paper examines impacts of business friendliness political effectiveness and freedom from governmental intervention on private investors willingness to take port PPP contractual risk . The analysis covers a total of 398 port PPP projects in developing countries from 1995 to 2016 based on the World Bank Private Participation in Infrastructure database . Findings reveal that the effect of political effectiveness on willingness to take contractual risk mediates through two variables business friendliness and freedom from governmental intervention where the former mediation contributes positively and the latter has a negative impact . The research is the first attempt in the literature that examines differences in the willingness to take PPP contractual risk among private investors . Policy and managerial implications for various stakeholders are discussed . | Studies willingness to take port PPP contractual risk from institutional perspectives. Conceptualisation based on Transaction Cost Economies. Effect of political effectiveness mediates through other institutional variables. Governmental intervention can be helpful for countries with poor governance framework. |
S0965856418312539 | Free floating bikesharing is a fairly new mobility service . It spread rapidly throughout Europes major urban areas in 2017 a development accompanied by a variety of problems that soon culminated in a retreat of providers from most cities . The main characteristic of FFBS is the absence of fixed docking stations instead users can borrow and leave the bikes wherever they want as long as they adhere to traffic rules and the operators regulations . Its market entry has caused controversial public debates although or even because little is known about this new mobility service its users their motivators as well as usage patterns . One of the FFBS pioneer cities in Europe was Vienna with two FFBS operators providing their services from summer 2017 onwards . Although both withdrew from the city within a year it was possible to collect and analyse user data in order to gain an understanding of the factors supporting FFBS usage . For this purpose the research uses a series of discrete choice models explaining why some people share bikes try out the new FFBS scheme and remain with the new FFBS scheme or quit the membership . Reasons for users to try FFBS are very similar to those of station based bikesharing as reported in literature . Subjective factors including attitudes and degree of satisfaction with system features are gaining in importance within the series of models . They are particularly decisive for remaining with the FFBS scheme . | People keen on digital mobility tend to try free floating bikesharing. People in areas with low coverage of stations tend to try free floating bikesharing. People satisfied with usability of app remain users of free floating scheme. Flexibility of the system is a reason to keep using free floating bikesharing. Identified user groups and motivators similar to results on station based bikesharing. |
S0965856418312564 | Mobility as a Service has received widespread attention over the past couple of years amongst scholars businesses policymakers and mainstream media . Most coverage is oriented towards its possible gains for traveling individuals and the travel industry while still lacking conceptual clarity and sufficient detail about its potential acceptance by the general public . This leads to varying perspectives on what MaaS precisely is and will be in the near future . In this study we reflect upon the relationship between MaaS use and private car ownership based on insights gained from a MaaS pilot study organized mid 2017 in Ghent . This exploratory pilot study targeted 100 car owning participants and explored how these motivated people can replace or significantly reduce car use in return for a monthly mobility budget which they could spend on MaaS services . The study reveals that most respondents were apt to explore MaaS services but a clear reduction of private car use remained difficult in a real life setting . Despite being highly motivated to reduce car use and being given incentives participants faced considerable difficulties in bypassing their personal car especially for leisure trips . By drawing parallels with a similar debate in the transport literature from a couple of decades ago we suggest that MaaS should be regarded as a complement rather than a substitution of private car use in the near future . The relationship between MaaS use and car ownership might in reality be more complex than generally acknowledged . In addressing these parallels the paper opens up new critical questions for MaaS research in the future . | Despite increased attention for MaaS well designed pilot studies are rare. Results from an exploratory MaaS pilot study 100 participants are presented. Findings suggest MaaS mainly complements car possession and car use. Interrelation between MaaS and private car is bound to be complex. |
S096585641831365X | Land use planning has been emphasised by both planners and researchers in providing incentives for local shopping . This study advances the body of knowledge by investigating land use and shopping trips in the catchment area for the metro station nearest to home a unique context that serves both as a shopping destination and a transit origin for further shopping opportunities . Negative binomial and Tobit regressions were applied respectively to examine the effect of land use density on weekly shopping frequency in the station area nearest to home and its share of individuals total shopping . The impact of the Modifiable Areal Unit Problem on these statistical relationships was addressed with land use densities objectively measured in seven spatial scales using a radial buffer scheme . Results from all regressions suggest the existence of MAUP in influencing the sign significance and size of the station area land use effects on shopping trips . A nuanced disaggregation of service types identifies both complementary and competitive relations among services even under the same generic category such as dining . The results show that model adopting 400m radial buffer as measurement scale accumulates greater effect of service land use on station area shopping frequency while model adopting the 1200m scale accumulates greater effect of service land use on the station area shoppings share of individuals total shopping . This paper presents the sensitivity of effect of land use on shopping trips in station areas to the spatial scale of land use measurement . It provides pragmatic guidelines for station area planning to augment retail attractiveness and the social benefits of the catchment area for the metro station . | Land use has effect on residents shopping in metro station areas nearest to home. Modifiable Areal Unit Problem MAUP influences this effect. Effect of service land use is different with general land use in attracting shopping. Service land use accumulates greater effect with scales other than 800 m. Potential social benefit of catchment area land use planning deserves more attention. |
S0965856418313673 | This paper examines how changes in travellers attitudes towards car use and ownership change over time and how these changes influence car use based on the 2014 and 2016 waves of the Netherlands Mobility Panel . A latent transition model was estimated to investigate transitions between different segments based on travellers attitudes towards car use and ownership and the latent transition probabilities were used to predict changes in mode use . Four latent classes were found to reflect the participants attitudes cost sensitive car minded environmentally aware and social conscious travellers . Most of the participants remained in the same class between 2014 and 2016 which suggests that attitudes towards car use and ownership are stable over time . Also the results indicate that car use and car ownership may be less widespread among younger adults . Only when younger adults face life events such as moving starting a job or become parents transitioning to more car oriented profiles appears more likely . Changes in attitudes towards car use and car ownership do not significantly affect car use except for the social conscious travellers who switched to the car minded class . This suggests that in most cases a more positive or negative attitude towards car use and ownership does not directly affect the frequency of car use . | 2014 and 2016 waves of Netherlands Mobility Panel examined. Latent transition model estimated and latent transition probabilities used. Latent classes can be distinguished within car user groups. Travellers attitudes towards car use and ownership are very stable over time. In most cases changing car attitudes do not directly affect car use. |
S0965856418313788 | With new rail lines residents can enjoy higher accessibility and more activity opportunities . However better access to public transport can potentially increase land prices in catchment areas . In this research we aim to investigate whether this capitalisation effect goes beyond the conventional catchment area and how such an effect varies across different regions . In a departure from previous studies we employed a gravity based accessibility measure to capture the regional impact of rail lines using a cross sectional analysis of 2001 and 2011 residential apartment data in Hong Kong and a difference in difference approach to estimate repeated sales transacted in both years . We used a three level hierarchical estimation method that allowed the price effect to vary by submarket . The results indicated that the network accessibility of rail lines had a statistically significant capitalisation effect on property prices that varied across different submarkets . Although the three major new rail lines had a greater impact on the built environment in suburban areas the elasticities in property price with regard to accessibility were still larger in urban areas in both 2001 and 2011 . We also establish that the improvements in rail accessibility had a substantially greater effect on the changes in property price between 2001 and 2011 in several new town submarkets along the new lines . From a regional perspective we conclude that the price effect of new transport infrastructure goes beyond the local catchment areas and call for urban policies that address housing affordability issues across different submarkets in the region and a re examination of land value capture policies . | We estimate the price premium of rail accessibility on property prices in Hong Kong. Access to the rail network raises the property prices significantly. A significant spatial heterogeneity is revealed across different submarkets. Repeat sales model shows a larger effect in several new towns along the new lines. We offer policy implications in light of the regional impact of rail infrastructure. |
S0965856418313892 | Subsidies are used to promote pure electric vehicle adoption . Whether cost factors are the dominant factors influencing households purchase intentions under subsidy contexts is unknown which is meaningful as subsidies decrease . To explore whether cost factors influence Chinese urban households purchase intentions for electric vehicles under subsidy contexts we conducted a questionnaire survey among Chinese urban households which covers eight economic regions . We extended the theory of planned behaviour with the norm activation model as the theoretical framework and utilised a structural equation model to analyse these collected survey data . We built the van Westendorp price sensitivity model to measure urban households price preferences for pure electric vehicles . The results indicate that under subsidy contexts cost factors do not significantly influence urban households purchase intentions for pure electric vehicles in China and people are more concerned about cruising power and charging facility availability . Besides subjective norms feelings and emotions personal norms and perceived behavioural control affect urban households purchase intentions . Influencing factors vary from household groups with or without cars . Urban families acceptable price range for pure electric vehicles is CNY65 000 to CNY120 000 . | Cost factors are not significant for Chinese E vehicle purchase intentions nowadays. People are more concerned about cruising power and charging facilities. Psychology variables affect the purchase intentions for electric cars positively. Influencing factors vary from households with or without cars. Urban families acceptable price range for E vehicle is 65 000120 000 yuan. |
S0965856418313995 | Intermodal railroad mode of freight transport has been considered as a sustainable and efficient solution for ensuring the sustainability of the freight transport industry but the IRR transport adoption faces many challenges in real cases . However so far studies considered inhibitors of IRR transport under logistics shippers or forwarders perspectives . Unfortunately no existing research has evaluated the interrelationships of IRR freight transport inhibitors in emerging economies nor in Indian Context . This study aims to give a structural model of IRR freight transport inhibitors interrelationships with a case of the Indian freight industry . The considered stakeholders in the present research are academic researchers freight shippers and Indian Railways officials . The considered research framework presents twenty two inhibitors that were selected from the previous literature and experts input . Then a blend of grey theory and decision making trial and evaluation laboratory method was used to identify the causal relationships between the selected inhibitors and the strength of their interrelationships . A Euclidian distance analysis was used to highlight the similarities and differences between stakeholders views . All the stakeholders find some common inhibitors such as poor rail freight transport infrastructure low frequency of freight trains the poor delivery reliability of rail mode lack of competition between transport modes and lack of holistic transportation business model . The unique contribution of present work relies on the fact that no past studies were found to consider the impact of multiple stakeholders in the intermodal freight business . Moreover policymakers may take proactive actions to improve the inhibitors of IRR into practices for improving modal balance in emerging economies . Finally the conclusion and limitations of the present work are highlighted . | Selected twenty two inhibitors to IRR fright transport in emerging economies from literature and experts input. An integration of grey theory and DEMATEL have been used to quantify the inhibitors relationships. Grey DEMATEL method visualizes the interrelationships among inhibitors. Most influential inhibitors coming under region 3 needs imperative attention. Lack of rail transport infrastructure is found to be the most prominent inhibitor. |
S0965856418315180 | While fuel regulations traditionally rely on a prescriptive safety margin approach that includes a significant buffer for fuel loadings the current enhancements in computational power and understanding of in flight uncertainties allow for the implementation of a performance based approach . A performance based approach is a risk assessed fuel uplift decision dependent on historical performance and is becoming increasingly plausible and recommended by modern civil aviation authorities . This paper investigates the evolution of fuel planning policies and explores the potential integration of current research pertaining to performance based fuel policy making . We consolidate the developments of three research areas fuel consumption estimation in flight uncertainty quantification and decision analysis and provide insight for regulators and airline operators in identifying potential transformation towards more efficient operations . Three future research directions in risk assessment on fuel uplift decision uncertainty quantification and propagation and policy assessment and evaluation are suggested to assist policy makers in efficiently implementing a performance based fuel policy . | Evaluated the benefits and challenges of performance based fuel policy. Consolidated current research in fuel burn prediction and policy making. Proposed means for efficient performance based fuel policy implementation. |
S0965856418315696 | Active modes take up an increasingly important place on the global policy making agenda . In the Netherlands a country that is well known for its high shares of walking and cycling the government aims at achieving a modal shift among 200 000 commuting car drivers towards using the bicycle . To this end policy measures need to be introduced . When the aim is to achieve a modal switch over an enduring period of time it is more relevant to know the likelihood of including or excluding a mode in the mode choice set compared to choosing a mode for a single trip . Therefore we investigate the formation of the experienced choice set where the aim is to identify determinants that influence the inclusion or exclusion of a mode in this set . We estimate discrete choice models based on survey data from the Netherlands Mobility Panel and a complementary survey where individuals were asked to report the frequency of using certain modes of transport for commuting trips over the course of half a year . This study shows that the experienced choice set for commuting is unimodal for the majority of the individuals and remains constant over time for most individuals . Reimbursement by the employer for using a certain mode is the most important determinant influencing the experienced choice set followed by ownership characteristics and urban density . We show that the mode choice set formation depends on more determinants than previously assumed . | The experienced mode choice set is identified based on historic observations. This set is smaller than currently assumed often includes only one mode. More determinants are relevant to identify the mode choice set than currently assumed. Reimbursement for using a mode and accessibility to a mode are most important. |
S0965856418315817 | Now Advanced Driver Assistant Systems have entered the consumer market policymakers need instruments to monitor not only the amount of ADAS equipped cars but also whether car owners actually use these systems a prerequisite for many ADAS to achieve road safety and or CO | Many business drivers were unaware of with which ADAS their car is equipped. Others stated owning specific ADAS in contradiction to their vehicles specifications. Self reported ADAS ownership is in fact awareness of ADAS ownership. Vehicle specifications are required to assess drivers ADAS usage by questionnaire. |
S0965856418316719 | Ever growing urban areas and global population movement towards urbanization lead to major concerns regarding urban logistics and last mile operations . In Latin America the problem becomes critical since volatile emerging economies and unstable political situations which are common in the region introduce additional limitations for strong logistics solutions . In the city of Quito traffic regulations only consider time schedule restrictions for vehicle mobility without any other policies that benefit urban goods movement . This is in part because there is a lack of knowledge on freight flows mainly related to the difficulties to retrieve data to that purpose . This paper proposes a freight trip generation analysis in Quito based on a methodology included in MITs Better Cities for Logistics Toolkit which defines specific zones observation and data collection campaigns . More precisely a procedure combining observation based and declarative data collection processes is proposed . First the opportunities of combining both observed and declared data to characterize freight trip generation are addressed on the basis of a literature review . Main issues of combining establishment based surveys and observations are addressed to generalize the proposed framework . Finally application implications in a transferability perspective to other Latin American countries are addressed . | Individual FTG rates can give a good characterization of the zone. Zonal FTG rates can be obtained from individual FTG rates. Number of employees was found to be the only representative variable for models. Combining the stated methodologies lead to a suitable FTG framework for Latin America. |
S0965856418316859 | The aim of this paper is to analyze the perceptions of key stakeholders to a set of policies designed to address urban logistics issues in two cities in Colombia . A ranking survey was conducted and analyzed unveiling levels of acceptance to the proposed policies for three types of stakeholders . Though some methodologies attempt to understand stakeholders perspectives towards urban freight policies often only a certain type of stakeholder is considered perceptions of Citizens are usually overlooked . The results suggest that stakeholders agree on the importance of having space to conduct freight operations in their urban areas . However different stakeholders perceive policies differently and local context plays a key role suggesting that decision makers must consider these aspects before transferring initiatives from other urban settings . When space for freight operations can not be provided the results show that Carriers prefer a Receiver led Consolidation program Receivers consider an Urban Consolidation Center as the best alternative and Citizens prefer Off hour deliveries . While all of the preferred alternatives call for a more active role played by the other stakeholders they also call for more sustainable practices and move away from traditional restrictive policies . The results from this study serve as a tool for planners and decision makers seeking input on the preferences of various stakeholders to and the potential acceptability of urban freight policies . | A study of stakeholders perceptions on freight policies is proposed. Rank probability models allow studying stakeholders perceptions. Decision makers benefit from understanding stakeholders perceptions. The results confirm divergent perceptions among stakeholders and urban settings. |
S0965856419300394 | The formation of barge networks on rivers and associated inland port systems is subject to a complex set of influencing factors and mechanisms . This paper aims to present a comprehensive comparative empirical analysis focusing on the container shipping network in the Yangtze and the Rhine . This analysis is supported by extensive datasets on both river basins incorporates the latest development on both rivers and is grounded on concepts and methods coming from transport geography and economic geography . We find that a large diversity might exist in how inland port systems and related gateway seaports are dealing with cargo flows and supply chains . In view of explaining this diversity we make a distinction between geographical nautical aspects macro economic factors and institutional governance factors . In particular we discuss the role of institutional and governance factors in barge network development by using the concepts of selection retention and variation . | A comprehensive comparative empirical analysis on the container shipping network. Supported by extensive datasets incorporates the latest development on river basin. Combine descriptive and explanatory analysis from interdisciplinary approaches. A large diversity exists in how inland port systems development. |
S096585641930045X | The provision of sufficient job opportunities has traditionally been a primary objective for both local and central governments . In response to this concern we investigate spatial dependence of job opportunities among 30 Chinese provincial capital cities from 2002 to 2016 giving special attention to the spatial spillovers of the opening of the high speed rail . Using appropriate spatial panel data models our findings suggest the presence of significant spatial autocorrelation of job opportunities among PCCs . Whilst the HSR has been found to increase job opportunities at the national level which however is not confirmed at the regional level . The spatial spillover effects of the HSR are significant and positive only in the eastern northeastern region . These findings can help the central government to more fully understand spatial dependence of job opportunities better plan future HSR networks and efficiently allocate transportation resources encouraging cross regional collaboration to promote regional employment . | The provision of sufficient job opportunities is a primary concern for the central governments. The opening of the HSR increases job opportunities at the national level. Spatial dependence of job opportunities is found. |
S0965856419301284 | The main objective of the paper is to develop a model capable of evaluating the societal impact of rail infrastructure investment in Argentina using a Multiple Discrete Extreme Value Model estimated on Stated and Revealed preference data . The decision modelled is the mode and port choice at a planning level where multiple alternatives can be chosen simultaneously . The relevant variables were the | Application of MDCEV model to regional freight. Destination port and transport mode choice model. Use of consignment bills RP and SP data for modelling. Rail infrastructure improvement evaluation. Non deterministic willingness to pay and cost benefit analysis. |
S0965856419301442 | Transport policy makers are increasingly perplexed by the pace of change in their sector and by the increasing influence of external actors . This leads to a variety of responses including business as usual technological optimism technological fatalism and technological ignorance . To explore this perplexity and its justification we examine four areas of technological advance relevant to transport mobility as a service unmanned aerial vehicles automated vehicles and telehealth . In each case we identify the principal underlying shifts which are driving these technological advances concluding that there is considerable overlap three of the advances rely on | Anxiety concerning the future can lead transport policy makers to make poor decisions. Many technological developments relevant to transport share common underlying drivers. The drivers of many transport relevant technological developments are moving relatively predictably. Transport policy makers can afford to be more confident about the future. Tools associated with anticipatory governance may aid the management of technological change. |
S0965856419302575 | Mobility as a Service is expected to significantly change mobility patterns yet it is still not clear who will embrace this new mobility paradigm and how MaaS will impact passengers transportation . In the paper we identify factors relevant for MaaS adoption based on a survey comprised of over thousand respondents in the Netherlands . We find five clusters in relation to individuals inclinations to adopt MaaS in the context of urban mobility . We characterize each of the clusters allowing for the examining of different customer segments regarding MaaS . The cluster with the highest inclination for future MaaS adoption is also the largest cluster . Individuals in this cluster have multimodal weekly mobility patterns . On the contrary current unimodal car users are the least likely to adopt MaaS . We identify high ownership need and low technology adoption as the main barriers that can hinder MaaS adoption . Policies that directly address these two barriers can stimulate MaaS adoption . | Five distinct latent clusters identified regarding attitudes towards MaaS. Methodologies used exploratory factor analysis and latent class cluster analysis. Largest cluster 32 of the sample MaaS ready individuals. Relation found between current mobility patterns and MaaS adoption potential. Car ownership need and technological capabilities main barriers for MaaS adoption. |
S0965856419302988 | Globally there are a wide variety of policies in place that could help contribute to deep greenhouse gas emissions reductions in the light duty vehicle sector . Most regions are impacted by a mix of such policies . However the transportation literature has devoted little attention to policy mixes especially in the light duty vehicles sector so here we review and draw insights from the broader mostly non transport literature . We identify several rationales for pursuing mixes of policies the three legs approach to transport decarbonization namely that different policies should address different GHG reduction areas the market failure perspective that a different policy is needed to correct each market failure the political process perspective that considers the real world need for a policy mix to be perceived as political acceptability and the systems perspective that policy needs to send signals to channel technological innovation and break the lock in of incumbent practices . Based on this review we develop a simple framework for examining policy interactions across multiple criteria namely GHG mitigation cost effectiveness political acceptability and transformative signal . We demonstrate this framework by setting hypotheses for interactions across six light duty vehicle policies in the case of British Columbia Canada including a carbon tax electric vehicle purchase incentives infrastructure deployment and three regulations . We conclude with a summary of important research gaps and implications for policy design as well as quantitative modeling . | Reviews literature across disciplines to identify rationales for policy mixes. Qualitatively analyses climate transport policy interactions across multiple criteria. Identifies research gaps and future research agenda for policy mix interactions. |
S0965856419303167 | This paper deals with grid transit network schemes and their specific features orthogonal main routes that do not overlap increased transit frequency and distance between bus stops in interchange areas to be optimized . So far this solution has been successfully adopted in metropolitan areas with orthogonal urban shapes as shown by the description in | Grid transit network is adopted in few metropolitan areas with an orthogonal scheme. Normally this PT layout is not adopted at all in non metropolitan contexts. A GIS based model tests its suitability in the Italian city of Turin. Results in terms of agency costs and users travel times reveal its competitiveness. Some transport and morphological features are a prerequisite for its implementation. |
S0965856419303180 | High speed rail has become a critical infrastructure and even has formed a network in some countries which plays an increasingly significant part in the modern transport system and exerts increasingly obvious impacts on regional economic activity and human mobility . Although its interruption may cause serious consequences researching its robustness doesnt attract attention until recent years . Based on previous researches on the issue this paper proposes a comprehensive method to assess the robustness of high speed rail network by combining the network function features with network topology features and modeling HSRN as a two layer network based on the high speed trains running in the network in which the travel time and passenger flow are taken into account . Finally taking Chinas HSRN as a case study this paper investigates the failure effects of HSR stations and high speed trains on the robustness of CHSRN especially the space time failure effects of high speed trains at three typical HSR stations . Results reveal that the failure effects of trains at the selected stations on the performance of CHSRN are limited and the failure effects of trains at three typical stations on the performance are different as the different failure time which is beneficial to prioritize the decisions on maintenance resource allocation and prepare emergency response plans . | HSRN is modeled as a two layer network based on high speed trains running in it. Space time failure effects of high speed trains on HSRN robustness are investigated. A method assessing robustness is proposed from function feature and topology feature. Travel time and passenger flow are taken into account in the methodology. |
S0965856419303246 | Public transit serves users with a broad range of physical capabilities and design needs . However information about the operational effects of diverse users interacting with the transit system is scarce . This paper examined the occurrence and effects of boarding and alighting passengers with mobility aids or with large items on bus stop dwell time in a fixed route bus service . On board video data from low floor public transit buses serving Ann Arbor Michigan were used from 199 bus stops with at least one passenger boarding or alighting with a mobility aid or encumbered with a large item and an additional 1642 bus stops without any mobility aids or encumbrances . A sequence of linear regression models examined the relationship between dwell time and the addition of variables representing passengers with mobility aids and encumbrances and use of the on vehicle access ramp beyond explanatory variables typically used in dwell time analysis . Accounting for passengers boarding alighting with mobility aids and encumbrances | Effect of passengers with mobility aids and encumbrances on dwell time was examined. Video data on 1841 on route bus stops from a fixed route service were analyzed. Variables on ramp use and encumbered passengers added to models of log dwell time. Variance explanation in the regression models increased from 46 to 56 . |
S0965856419303921 | Work trips contribute the most to congestion during peak hours in urban areas . For that reason public and private organizations can play a relevant part by developing mobility plans to propose possible strategies to confronting congestion . Although MP strategies such as the promotion of active and public transport modes the implementation of parking policies telecommuting and flexible work schedules have gained popularity for addressing traffic congestion in recent years there has been a lack of studies reporting on the potential impact of their implementation in organizations located in Global South cities . This paper evaluates the modal choice by drivers in response to a series of specific mobility strategies if MPs are implemented by mid size and large public and private organizations in the city of Bogot . The modal share of employee trips after implementing different travel demand management instruments was evaluated using a stated preference survey . The results of this study suggest that substantial increases of parking charges in the organizations vicinity are likely to lead to the highest reduction of private cars use and the highest modal share increase for public transport carpooling bicycling and walking . The provision of company bus services seems not to be as the most effective strategy to discourage employees from using a car . Then these plans should contain a combination of strategies rather than consider them separately to increase the possibility of achieving better results . Also more studies evaluating the potential success of organizations adopting MPs in the cities of the Global South are needed . | Increasing parking costs limiting parking and promoting bicycle lead to car use reduction. Technology plays a crucial role to implement control and promote van carpooling. Provision of company bus services is not to an effective strategy to discourage car use. It is important design Mobility Plans considering pull carrots and push sticks measures. |
S096585641930401X | Cities across the Global South are seeking to improve public transport services but the presence of large numbers of independent paratransit operators complicate reforms . City officials often seek to eliminate paratransit services in favor of scheduled services but such reforms have proven impossible to achieve . Cape Town is one such city whose planning officials are now reconsidering the approach to industry transition . Realizing that the transition and operating costs of new scheduled services are unsustainable the City has acknowledged a continued role for paratransit services . The question this raises is how paratransit should be integrated and more specifically how paratransit should complement scheduled services at transfer points . This paper reports on findings from a stated choice survey administered to paratransit drivers to understand opinions on potential reforms that the City might use to address issues of mismatched service span and long off peak headways in service provided by paratransit operators . The research seeks to assist operators in sharing their perspectives outside of a City structured engagement process and to assist City officials in understanding what reform paths will be most feasible based on driver acceptability and cost to the City . Results show that alternatives to the corporatization of paratransit services are viable and appear to be more affordable . | Viable alternatives to paratransit corporatization and contracting exist. Alternatives appear much more affordable to the City but offer less service quality control. Small scale interventions could provide quick QoS wins and build trust between government and industry. |
S0965856419304124 | A novel approach to dynamic switching service design based on a new queuing approximation formulation is introduced to systematically control conventional buses and enable provision of flexible on demand mobility services . This new approach guides smart vehicles in a service area that needs last mile transit services via either traditional buses which provide fixed route services or flexible route on demand mobility services . We also include dynamic pre positioning of idle vehicles in anticipation of new customer arrivals and relocation of vehicles to rebalance the use of vehicles in the system which can have a sizable effect on energy and environmental conservation . Using a New York City transit dataset the proposed strategy for non myopic switching between flexible route and fixed route service and re positioning of idle vehicles improves social welfare by up to 32 while the impact of the proposed strategy on vehicle miles traveled is shown to be as high as 53 over that of the current transit service . | A dynamic switching model between flexible route and fixed route modes is proposed. We apply a policy on pre positioning of idle vehicles based on queuing system. The design of a fleet based strategy by using two vehicle sizes is suggested. The method can be used in shared autonomous vehicle fleets for the timing of decisions. |
S0965856419304252 | This paper discusses a policy enacted in 2016 by the city of Florence mandating the use of electric vehicles for the taxi service . We interviewed the taxi license owners their co operatives and the city administrators to evaluate the policy implementation its acceptability and the cost competitiveness of electric taxis with respect to their hybrid and diesel alternatives . Using the data collected during the interviews we estimated the total cost of ownership of e taxis and their conventional counterparts for the models comprising the Florence taxi fleet . We find that e taxis already represent a valid alternative to the conventional ones not only from an environmental point of view but also from a private economic one . In particular when the Florence specific discounted purchase prices are considered and the base case scenario applies e taxis are the cheapest choice in terms of TCO and no financial incentives are needed . When the manufacturer suggested retail prices are considered e taxis are slightly less cost competitive than hybrid taxis but more cost competitive than the diesel ones . Sensitivity analyses are performed to evaluate the impact of the annual distance travelled Ecobonus purchase subsidy net revenue loss annual percentage rate charged to finance the taxi acquisition and insurance premium . | The city of Florence mandated the use of electric vehicles for the taxi service. We evaluate the cost competitiveness of e taxis using field data. The Florence e taxi fleet has an average TCO km lower than hybrid and diesel taxis. With MSRP e taxis need financial incentives or high annual distance travelled. |
S096585641930480X | This article captures the implications of technology supportive of high level autonomous vehicles eclipsing the capacity of regulators to respond . To date policy makers and industry actors have avoided confronting the impending gap a consequence of the fact that current levels of vehicle autonomy are sufficiently low that accountability for decision making affecting the operation of vehicles still resides with the driver . However as automotive firms achieve higher levels of vehicle autonomy and control shifts to the vehicle itself and the infrastructure supporting it the preponderance of responsibility will transfer to different actors automotive firms autonomous vehicle programmers and policy makers . This article explains and quantifies the challenges that will arise as that process unfolds . It does this by introducing four ethics and value based foundations that can be used to guide programming of decisions to be made by autonomous vehicles . The purpose is | We simulate autonomous vehicles actions based on four ethics or value orientations. The results demonstrate the challenges of regulating autonomous vehicle decisions. Failure to regulate could derail proliferation of high level autonomous vehicles. |
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