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S1087184520301031 | During growth filamentous fungi produce polarized cells called hyphae . It is generally presumed that polarization of hyphae is dependent upon secretion through the Spitzenkrper as well as a mechanism called apical recycling which maintains a balance between the tightly coupled processes of endocytosis and exocytosis . Endocytosis predominates in an annular domain called the sub apical endocytic collar which is located in the region of plasma membrane 15m distal to the Spitzenkrper . It has previously been proposed that one function of the sub apical endocytic collar is to maintain the apical localization of polarization proteins . These proteins mark areas of polarization at the apices of hyphae . However as hyphae grow these proteins are displaced along the membrane and some must then be removed at the sub apical endocytic collar in order to maintain the hyphoid shape . While endocytosis is fairly well characterized in yeast comparatively little is known about the process in filamentous fungi . Here a bioinformatics approach was utilized to identify 39 | encodes 39 proteins with at least one NPFxD motif. The NPFxD motif marks proteins for apical localization in. Proteins predominantly localized to the SPK apical crescent and sub apical collar. |
S1087184520301067 | SNF1 AMPK protein kinases play important roles in fungal development and activation of catabolite repressed genes . In this study we characterized the role of SNF1 ortholog in | An ortholog of SNF1 was identified in. CmSnf1 is necessary for fruiting body formation on silkworm pupae. Cordycepin content increased in culture supernatants of. deletion strain. CmSnf1 regulated expression of genes involved in cell autophagy and oxidative stress tolerance. |
S1087184520301079 | is a model mushroom forming basidiomycete which produces basidiospores during sexual reproduction . This fungus is widely used to study fruiting body formation and development . Molecular mechanisms controlling its growth from vegetative mycelium to multicellular mature fruiting body have been studied extensively . However little is known about the underlying biological processes during germ tube outgrowth or the transition from basidiospores to multinucleate hyphae . To better understand sexual spore germination in fungi here we examined the time dependent cellular events at resting germinating and fully germinated basidiospores of | Transcriptome and sRNA seq characterized. early germ tube outgrowth. Carbohydrate protein and energy metabolisms upregulated at germination initiation. Glycogen and trehalose were key energy sources during germ tubes outgrowth. MiRNA like RNAs were identified. MilRNA roles were validated by milRNA mimic transfection and RT qPCR. |
S1087184520301237 | The balance and interplay between sexual and asexual reproduction is one of the most intriguing mysteries in the study of fungi . The choice of developmental strategy reflects the ability of fungi to adapt to the changing environment . However the evolution of developmental paths and the metabolic regulation during differentiation and morphogenesis are poorly understood . Here an analysis was performed of carbohydrate metabolism and gene expression regulation during the early differentiation process from the vegetative mycelium to the differentiated structures fruiting body oidia and sclerotia of a homokaryotic fruiting | Clarified the environmental physiological and transcriptional aspects of four developmental paths of. Correlated carbon metabolic fluxes and transcriptome profiles during early differentiation. Transcriptomes of all developmental paths were under purifying selection. Transcriptome age and transcriptome divergence correlated to environmental stress. Many metabolic genes were up regulated during sclerotia formation. |
S1087184520301250 | Ustiloxins are ribosomally synthesized and post translationally modified peptides first reported in Ascomycetes . Originally identified as metabolites of the rice pathogenic fungus | Synthetic genes of ustiloxin core peptides were expressed in. Ustiloxin B was synthesized from the synthetic gene encoding YAIG. Ustiloxin biosynthetic machinery is optimized for native core peptide sequences. Hydroxyl group of Tyr in ustiloxin core peptide is indispensable for cyclization. |
S1087184520301286 | Functions of most Hsp70 coding genes remain unknown in filamentous fungi . Here we show important roles of six Hsp70 homologs in | Eight of 14 Hsp70 genes are essential for viability of. Six other genes. are dispensable for growth and conidiation. Virulence is more compromised in the absence of. than of. The six genes are essential for cell wall integrity and antioxidant activity. The six genes serve as differential sustainers of multiple stress tolerance. |
S1087184520301298 | is an etiologic agent of cryptococcosis a potentially fatal disease that affects humans and animals . The successful infection of mammalian hosts by cryptococcal cells relies on their ability to infect and survive in macrophages . Such phagocytic cells present a hostile environment to intracellular pathogens via the production of reactive nitrogen and oxygen species as well as low pH and reduced nutrient bioavailability . To overcome the low metal environment found during infection fungal pathogens express high affinity transporters including members of the ZIP family . Previously we determined that functional zinc uptake driven by Zip1 and Zip2 is necessary for full | Zip3 is ortholog to. Atx2p. Cryptococcal cells rely on the proper expression of Zip3 to sustain stress conditions. Zip3 impacts the secretion of extracellular vesicles and glucuronoxylomannan. The absence of Zip3 led to impaired virulence of |
S1087184520301328 | To better understand the roles of genes involved in mannan degradation in filamentous fungi in this study we searched identified and characterized one putative GH5 endo mannanase and two putative GH2 mannan degrading enzymes in | One GH5 mannanase and two GH2 mannosidases in. were characterized. GH5 mannanase preferred galactomannan over linear mannan as a substrate. GH2 1 mannosidase preferred short manno oligosaccharides or mannan as substrates. Growth of mutants that lack mannanase and or mannosidases was analyzed. |
S108718452030133X | Sexual hybridization can drive dramatic yeast evolution through the inheritance of genomic information from each parental cell . Unfortunately however a pair of strains | Mating of haploids of opposite mating types results in a new heterozygous diploid. Pairs of yeasts with the same mating type cannot mate with each other. Alteration with a synthetic DNA fragment to generate the desired mating type. The generated strains inherited the phenotype of interest from the original strains. The combination of numerous resources would be facilitated by mating type alteration. |
S1087184520301365 | Putative methyltranferase LaeA and LaeA like proteins which are conserved in many filamentous fungi regulate the sporogenesis and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites . In this study we reported the biological function of a LaeA like methyltransferase | LaeA like methyltransferase Mtr23B contributes to spore pigment formation and the expression of secondary metabolic gene cluster and glycoside hydrolase genes in. Mtr23B has similarities and differences with LaeA in regulating the above biological processes. LaeA interacts with VeA while Mtr23B does not interact with VeA directly. Mtr23B may regulate cellulase and amylase gene transcription by interacting with HAP5 and chromatin remodeling complex. |
S1087184520301390 | is the foremost fungal producer of enzymes for industrial processes . Here we use fluorescent live cell imaging of germinating conidia to improve | We perform live cell imaging of germinating. conidia. Conidia are best suited for. mediated transformation. Conidia undergo 23 non synchronized mitotic cycles prior to germination. Conidia enter S phase immediately after initiation of germination. Transformation efficiency is highest in late S phase. |
S1087184520301407 | Subtilases represent the second largest subfamily of serine proteases and are important for various biological processes . However the biological function of subtilases has not been systematically characterized in plant pathogens . In present study 32 subtilases were identified in the genome of wheat scab fungus | The functions of subtilases were systematically characterizd in. FgPrb1 is important for virulence in. FgPrb1 regulates toxin biosynthesis and response to osmotic stress in. FgPrb1 participates in regulating lipid metabolism and autophagy in |
S108718452030147X | Oleaginous yeasts have stood out due to their ability to accumulate oil which can be used for fatty acid derived biofuel production . | is phylogenetically closer to non oleaginous basidiomycete yeasts. Purine degradation might recycle nitrogen during the lipid accumulation phase. Leucine degradation contributes for acetyl CoA supply for fatty acid synthesis. Malic enzyme seems to play an important role in the supply of NADPH for fatty acid synthesis. |
S1087184520301572 | Pseudoflower formation is arguably the rarest outcome of a plant fungus interaction . Here we report on a novel putative floral mimicry system in which the pseudoflowers are composed entirely of fungal tissues in contrast to modified leaves documented in previous mimicry systems . Pseudoflowers on two perennial | Pseudoflowers discovered on two. species are composed of. established a systemic infection in two perennial. spp. pseudoflowers mimic host floral traits and are ultraviolet reflective. Emission spectra of. pigments matched the spectral sensitivity of trichromatic insects. flowers and. cultures emitted 2 ethylhexanol a pollinator attractant volatile. |
S1087184520301602 | Mitogen activated protein kinase pathways are highly conserved from yeast to human and are required for the regulation of a multitude of biological processes in eukaryotes . A pentameric MAPK pathway known as the Fus3 pheromone module was initially characterised in | Mitogen activated protein kinase MAPK pathways are conserved in eukaryotes. The Fus3 pheromone module is a MAPK pathway that regulates cell fusion in yeast. Orthologous pathways regulate growth and secondary metabolism in filamentous fungi. Orthologous pathways also regulate virulence in a wide range of plant pathogens. MAPKs are potential drug targets and could help improve anti fungal therapies. |
S1087184520301626 | is a model necrotrophic pathogen causing great economic losses worldwide . Sclerotia are dormant structures that play significant biological and ecological roles in the life and disease cycles of | is a necrotrophic pathogen causing great losses worldwide. milRNAs associated with sclerotial development were identified. Histone acetyltransferase regulation was potentially related to sclerotial development. |
S108718452030164X | Ubiquitination an important process in post translational modification regulates various mechanisms in eukaryotes including protein degradation and interaction cell cycle stress response and pathogenicity . The Skp1 Cullin F box and the endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation complexes RING E3 ligase complexes are involved in ubiquitin mediated proteolysis and protein quality control . The F box protein has FBXO FBXW and FBXL classes depending on which interaction domain is present on the C terminus . The ubiquitin system component cue protein is a key factor of ERAD . However the biological roles of FBXO and CUE proteins are largely unknown in plant pathogenic fungi including | and. regulate conidiation and pathogenicity of. and. are necessary for adaptation to alkaline condition. is involved in localization and translocation of cytoplasmic effectors. SUMOylation is decreased in two ubiquitination associated deletion mutants. |
S1087184520301675 | Securing sufficient food for a growing world population is of paramount importance for social stability and the well being of mankind . Recently it has become evident that fungal pathogens pose the greatest biotic challenge to our calorie crops . Moreover the loss of commodity crops to fungal disease destabilises the economies of developing nations thereby increasing the dimension of the threat . Our best weapon to control these pathogens is fungicides but increasing resistance puts us in an arms race against them . New anti fungal compounds need to be discovered such as mono alky lipophilic cations described herein . Collaborations between academia and industry are imperative to establish new and efficient ways to develop these new fungicides and to bring them to the market place . | Fungi pose the greatest biotic challenge to global food security. Monocultures are ideal fungal pathogen feeding and breeding grounds. Single target site fungicides are our best defence but resistance has emerged. We need new fungicides to out compete the pathogens in the arms race. Academic and industrial collaboration could help fungicide discovery. |
S1087184520301699 | The carcinogenic aflatoxins are a human health concern as well as an economic burden to corn peanut and other crops grown within the United States and globally . Aflatoxins are produced by fungi species in | Genetic markers in strains of. after sexual cycle show equal inheritance. Mitochondrial loci are inherited from the sclerotial parental strain when crossed. Genome wide recombination events detected after a single sexual cycle. First genetic maps and study of recombination rates for |
S1087184520301705 | is a saprophytic fungal pathogen that is the cause of more than 300 000 life threatening infections annually . Our understanding of pathogenesis and factors contributing to disease progression are limited . Development of rapid and versatile gene editing methodologies for | assembled CRISPR Cas9 gRNA complexes can mediate selection free transformation. Single gRNAs can be used to target mutagenesis effectively. Targeted point mutations can be achieved utilising single strand DNA oligonucleotides as repair template. |
S1087184520301717 | glycosylation is a very important post translational modification of protein and involved in many cell processes in fungi . There exist three protein | An ortholog of. was functionally characterized in. contributed to fungal virulence. Deletion of. had no effect on appressorium formation but specifically declined the turgor pressure of appressorium. Deletion of. affected the fungal cell wall integrity and content of intercellular glycerol. |
S1087184520301729 | is a plant pathogenic fungus which is still highly relevant in modern agriculture as it infects grasses such as rye and wheat . The disease caused by the consumption of contaminated grain or flour has been known since the Middle Ages and is termed | The PKS7 in. was found to be responsible for the biosynthesis of depsides. Lecanoric acid and ethyl lecanorate were isolated from. OE. mutant. Cytotoxicity of lecanoric acid and ethyl lecanorate was studied. Ethyl lecanorate showed neurotoxic effect with an IC. value of 54M on CCF cells. |
S1087184520301730 | causes white mold disease on a wide range of economically important crops such as soybean canola tomato pea and sunflower . As one of the most successful plant pathogens | D galacturonic acid catabolic enzymes in. have versatile functions. These enzymes enhance virulence via degrading pectin components in host cell wall. As secreted proteins these enzymes reduce. tolerance to salt stress. SsGAR2 has an additional function of promoting. cell wall integrity. |
S1090023319301406 | The objective of this study was to determine if the genotype of equine herpesvirus 1 impacted clinical disease and outcome of horses with laboratory confirmed equine herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy . Medical records from 65 horses diagnosed with EHM from 2011 to 2019 were reviewed for signalment presence and severity of clinical signs and outcome . Horses were further grouped based on the EHV 1 genotype into neuropathic D | Equine herpesvirus 1 myeloencephalopathy EHM is a multifactorial disease combining viral host and environmental factors. EHM has been more commonly associated with the neuropathic D. than the non neuropathic N. genotype. Horses with EHM caused by either D. or N. genotype of EHV 1 showed no differences in age sex and outcome. Urinary incontinence was the only sign more frequently reported in horses infected with the D. genotype of EHV 1. |
S1090023319301509 | The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of two non antibiotic treatment options for digital dermatitis on an organic certified dairy farm . A randomized clinical trial was conducted using 70 multiparous Holstein cows with an early DD lesion at a USDA certified organic dairy farm in Northern Colorado USA . Cows were enrolled in the study based on the presence of early DD lesions and randomly assigned to one of three treatments topical application of copper sulfate and iodine topical application of honey and iodine and control subject to no treatment . Cows were evaluated at enrolment and on days 3 12 28 and 120 post treatment for pain and lesion size and received a locomotion and a lesion score . Cure was defined as the transition from active to non active stages . | Digital dermatitis is a painful condition that can result in lameness and decreased performance. Two non antibiotic formulations resulted in earlier transition to M0 lesions than no treatment. A copper sulphate and iodine combination was most effective in reducing lesion size pain and lameness. A honey and iodine combination reduced lesion size but effects were transient. |
S1090023319301522 | Mitochondrial oxidation is essential in fat metabolism and can be monitored with blood acylcarnitine profiling as partly degraded fatty acids accumulate as their carnitine esters . To guarantee continuous energy supply during long distance exercise endurance horses oxidise considerable amounts of fat in the mitochondrion . In endurance races over 80km glycogen depletion is evident in equine slow twitch high oxidative muscle fibres and as a consequence horses participating in endurance races over 80km rely almost entirely on oxidation of fatty acids . This study investigated mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation in endurance horses exposed to long distance exercise . Electrospray tandem mass spectrometry analysis of serum acylcarnitine profiles from 10 Arab horses was performed before and after a 160km endurance race . Results were analysed statistically using ANOVA . | Mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation following strenuous exercise has not previously been studied in either animals or humans. The availability of carnitine in long distance endurance horses might limit their performance. These findings might serve as a model for studying fatty acid oxidation under strenuous conditions. |
S1090023319301546 | Fissures on the occlusal surface of equine cheek teeth are commonly encountered during oral examination . Generally their presence is considered abnormal but their aetiopathogenesis and clinical impact on pulp disease is still undetermined . The aims of this research were to study the extent of occlusal cheek teeth fissures using high resolution X ray computed tomography imaging and their histological characteristics . Twenty seven teeth were scanned using CT imaging to analyse fissure extent . Histological examination of a subset of teeth | Equine occlusal cheek teeth fissures were commonly observed. CT demonstrated potential fissure depth and their close relationship with the pulp. Fissures hold the potential for bacterial invasion of pulp canals. |
S1090023320300010 | Traumatic reticuloperitonitis in cattle is caused by ingested nails pieces of wire and other nonmetallic materials that injure the reticular wall . Clinical signs of acute TRP may include anorexia fever drop in milk production rumen atony and tympany abdominal pain an arched back a tucked up and guarded abdomen and spontaneous grunting but may be obscure or absent in chronic cases . Haematological findings alone are not diagnostic but total and differential white blood cell counts the concentration of fibrinogen and total protein and the glutaraldehyde coagulation time may indicate inflammation associated with TRP . The clinical examination is aimed at eliciting a grunt in response to foreign body tests such as back grip pole test or pain percussion . Inflammatory changes of the reticulum and adjacent organs and impairment of reticular motility are characteristic features of TRP and can be detected via ultrasonography . Radiography is the technique of choice for the visualisation of metallic foreign bodies and for monitoring the efficacy of a magnet . Treatment may be conservative or surgical but in most cases initial treatment is conservative with administration of a magnet and antibiotics . If the cow fails to respond to medical treatment surgical treatment is the next option other than euthanasia and ideally is carried out after imaging of the reticulum . If this is not feasible a second magnet and continuation of antibiotic treatment is recommended . | The clinical signs of traumatic reticuloperitonitis are characteristic in acute cases but may be vague or absent in chronic cases. Haematological findings white blood cell count fibrinogen total solids alone are not diagnostic. Inflammatory changes in the reticulum and adjacent organs can be detected with ultrasonography. Radiography allows metallic foreign bodies to be visualised and treatment efficacy to be monitored. Treatment can be conservative magnet and antibiotics or surgical foreign body removal . |
S1090023320300022 | Bovine respiratory disease complex is the most common disease requiring the use of antimicrobials in industrial calf production worldwide . Pathogenic bacteria | The bovine respiratory disease BRD complex is widespread in cattle production requiring high use of antimicrobials. Quantifying bacterial and viral pathogens by qPCR provides good predictive value for disease diagnosis. A commercially available multiplex qPCR Pneumo4 quantified relevant pathogens over a 5 log range. The assay had good agreement with currently used methods for detection of relevant pathogens. |
S1090023320300034 | Programs for the eradication of bovine tuberculosis focus on the tuberculin skin test and slaughter of reactor cattle . However the disease remains an animal health concern in several countries and improving the efficiency of the TST has become a critical issue . The detection of | Detecting. antibodies in cattle sera after a tuberculin skin test TST may improve bovine tuberculosis control. Used as an anamnestic test the ELISA reported herein had high levels of specificity and positive predictive value. The ELISA fulfilled the World Organization for Animal Health criteria. This serological ELISA used 1517 days after a negative TST could be used on dairy farms to improve livestock health. |
S1090023320300101 | Elevated cardiac troponin T concentrations may provide evidence of myocardial injury but physiological post exercise release also occurs . Reference intervals are not fully established in horses making interpretation difficult . The aims of this study were to establish an upper reference limit for serum cTnT compare pre and post race serum cTnT concentrations and to evaluate factors that may influence these in a population of healthy race fit Standardbred racehorses . Serum samples were collected pre | Serum cardiac troponin T cTnT concentrations in race fit Standardbred horses was measured. These data could contribute towards establishing equine serum cTnT reference limits. The 97.5 percentile upper reference limit for cTnT was 27.4 ng L 90 confidence interval 13.132.0 . Post race cTnT concentrations were significantly higher than pre race concentrations. Females had higher post race cTnT concentrations than males. |
S1090023320300125 | Degenerative lumbosacral stenosis in dogs frequently involves L7 S1 foraminal stenosis and L7 nerve root compression . Surgical techniques to decompress the L7 nerve root include foraminotomy and intervertebral distraction . The objective of this study was to compare the effect of foraminotomy and intervertebral distraction on the total cranial and caudal compartmental volumes of the L7 S1 intervertebral neurovascular foramen . CT images were obtained from eight canine lumbosacral specimens in the following sequential conditions native spine after dorsal laminectomy and partial discectomy of L7 S1 after L7 S1 foraminotomy after distraction with an interbody cage between L7 and S1 after cage distraction stabilized with pedicle screw rod fixation in neutral and flexed position . The volume of the complete NF and its cranial and caudal subcompartments were calculated using the CT images and statistically compared between conditions . | Surgical treatments for lumbosacral foraminal stenosis include foraminotomy and distraction stabilization. Both foraminotomy and distraction stabilization caused an enlargement of the lumbosacral intervertebral neurovascular foramen. Foraminotomy and distraction stabilization caused an enlargement of the lumbosacral intervertebral neurovascular foramen. Only foraminotomy enlarged the subcompartment of the intervertebral neurovascular foramen where the L7 nerve root was located. Foraminotomy was more effective for treating nerve root compression caused by foraminal stenosis. |
S1090023320300137 | Because the alveolar macrophage phenotype of horses with severe equine asthma is unknown the cytokines expressed by M1 and M2 polarized AM were determined and the hypothesis that natural hay straw challenge induces divergent AM phenotypes in control horses and horses with SEA was tested . Macrophages from control horses were activated either with eIFN lipolysaccharide or eIL 4 to characterize M1 or M2 polarized AM gene expression respectively and determine the response of polarized cells to pathogen associated molecular patterns LPS zymosan peptidoglycan and hay dust . Subsequently gene expression was explored in AM of control horses and horses with SEA at pasture and after NC . | The first investigation of alveolar macrophage phenotypes in horses with severe equine asthma. In horses with equine asthma alveolar macrophages have a non canonical M1 M2 phenotype. The non canonical phenotype of equine asthma persists during clinical remission induced by pasturing. Healthy horses develop a similar non canonical phenotype only during hay feeding in a stable. |
S109002332030023X | To the authors knowledge there have been no studies evaluating the pharmacokinetics of chloramphenicol administered orally to horses at the currently recommended dose of 50 mg kg PO q6 h for multiple days . The published antimicrobial susceptibility breakpoint is 8.0 ug mL it is unknown if this concentration is achievable at the recommended dose rate in horses . The aim of this prospective multi dose pharmacokinetic study was to perform pharmacokinetic analysis of chloramphenicol after multiple doses . The authors hypothesize that the antimicrobial susceptibility breakpoint will not be reached . Seven healthy adult horses were administered 50 mg kg chloramphenicol base tablets PO q6 h for 4 days . Blood was collected via venipuncture daily at 4 and 6 h after administration for the first 15 doses . After the 16th dose an IV catheter was aseptically placed in the right jugular vein and blood was collected at regular intervals for pharmacokinetic analysis . | There was marked inter individual variation in serum chloramphenicol concentrations after oral dosing in adult horses. Average serum concentrations of chloramphenicol were below recommended susceptibility breakpoints for bacteria. Time above 4 or 8 g mL the susceptibility breakpoints for bacteria was much less than 50 of the dosing interval. When chloramphenicol is administered orally at a dose of 50 mg kg q6 h bacteria with an MIC of 2 g mL should be targeted. |
S1090023320300241 | Determining lymph node metastases in dogs with neoplasia is important in staging and developing a therapeutic plan . In this study the clinical efficacy of combined lymphosonography and strain elastography was evaluated for its ability to identify metastatic mandibular lymph nodes . Data from clinically healthy dogs | Combined lymphosonography and strain elastography evaluated mandibular lymph nodes in dogs with head and neck cancer. Lymph nodes with filling defects after lymphosonography indicated metastasis. Strain elastography showed more stiffness in the metastatic lymph nodes than clinically healthy and non metastatic nodes. Lymphosonography with strain elastography predicted metastasis in lymph nodes from dogs with head and neck cancer. |
S1090023320300253 | The major control methods for Aujeszky s Disease involve SHV1 gE gene deleted vaccines and ELISA for detection of specific gE antibodies in infected animals distinguishing infected animals from vaccinated animals . This work aimed to develop a DIVA ELISA recombinant gE for AD diagnosis using recombinant gE fused to thioredoxin protein . The analytical sensitivity and specificity were assessed with World Organisation for Animal Health AD serum and sera from specific pathogen free vaccinated SPF and AD vaccinated SPF animals . The OIE serum reacted up to the recommended limit of detection and the other sera presented negative results . The cut off point diagnostic sensitivity and diagnostic specificity were determined by receiver operating curve analysis . This cut off value corresponded to a diagnostic sensitivity of 97.60 and diagnostic specificity of 96.42 . Furthermore two other cut off points were chosen to discuss the ELISAgErec as a screening test in AD endemic and free areas . | Aujeszky s Disease AD virus gE protein fused to thioredoxin was produced in. Thioredoxin recombinant gE Trx gErec fusion protein was used as coating antigen in the development of an ELISA. The ELISA could distinguish infected animals from vaccinated animals DIVA . ELISAgErec showed high diagnostic sensitivity and specificity. ELISAgErec may also be used as a screening test in endemic and free areas of AD. |
S1090023320300265 | Infection with bovine leukaemia virus a retrovirus causes dysfunction of the immune system and can have a marked economic impact on dairy industries due to decreased milk production and reduced lifespan in affected dairy cattle . The presence of proviral DNA has been the major diagnostic indicator of BLV infection . However in the course of BLV infection the viral genome can be dormant without detectable gene expression resulting in limited impact on infected animals . At present there is limited knowledge regarding haematological indices in dairy cattle that could indicate activation of the BLV genome and suggest reactivated BLV infection . In this study BLV infection and BLV genome reactivation were evaluated based on the presence of BLV DNA and BLV | PCR assays were developed based on the. gene of bovine leukemia virus BLV . Proviral DNA and RNA of BLV was detected by conventional PCR and BLV RNA was quantified by real time PCR qPCR . Of 87 BLV DNA positive cattle 89.7 had BLV RNA indicating virus reactivation. BLV RNA was significantly associated with increased white blood cell WBC and lymphocyte LYM counts. WBC and LYM counts could be used to predict reactivation of BLV infection in asymptomatic cattle. |
S1090023320300277 | Cyclophosphamide is an alkylating agent used to treat cats with lymphoma carcinomas and sarcomas . However no clear consensus exists regarding the maximum tolerated dose of oral cyclophosphamide in cats . Toxicities are rarely reported at published oral dosages of cyclophosphamide 200300 mg m | Currently no consensus maximum tolerated dose MTD of oral cyclophosphamide has been established in cats. The maximum tolerated dose in tumour bearing cats was 460 mg m. every 23 weeks. The dose limiting toxicity was neutropenia with nadir at 721 days. Haematology is recommended at day 0 7 and 14 days after cyclophosphamide. This dosage was safe in combination with prednisolone and L asparaginase. |
S1090023320300289 | Alternative treatments to surgery in canine degenerative lumbosacral stenosis remain limited and reliable predictors of outcome are lacking . The aims of this clinical trial were threefold to assess the usefulness of single epidural steroid injection in DLSS to compare the outcomes of ESI and decompressive surgery and evaluate ESI as a predictor of outcome following decompressive surgery . Dogs diagnosed with DLSS were prospectively recruited and administered an ESI . If clinical signs persisted or relapsed decompressive surgery was recommended . Follow up was obtained . | Epidural steroid injection ESI effects may show relapse within two months. Single ESI provided long term resolution of clinical signs in some dogs 15.6 . ESI appeared inferior to surgery according to clinical and owner perceived outcome. Clinical response to ESI did not predict surgical outcome. ESI can address lumbar radiculopathy particularly when surgery is not an option. |
S1090023320300290 | Understanding the depolarisation pattern of the equine heart under normal physiologic conditions and its relationship to the surface electrocardiogram is of uppermost importance before any further research can be done about the pathophysiology of complex arrhythmias . In the present study a 3D electro anatomical mapping system was used to evaluate the qualitative and quantitative depolarisation patterns and correlation to the surface ECG of both the atrial and ventricular endocardium in seven healthy horses in sinus rhythm under general anaesthesia . Bipolar activation maps of the endocardium were analysed . | This is the first complete 3D electro anatomical activation map in horses. The right and left atrial depolarisation showed individual P wave deflections. The interatrial activation pattern supported the presence of Bachmann bundle. The complete ventricular depolarisation contributed to the ECG QRS complex. Electrically active tissue could be found in all pulmonary veins. |
S1090023320300307 | Genetic alterations and or epigenetic modifications occur frequently in the majority of cancer cells . In addition to playing a crucial role as promoters of tumorigenesis these processes can also generate metabolic pathways that are different from those in normal cells . Besides the Warburg effect an alteration in lipid metabolism is also found in cancer cells . Thus elucidation of the regulators involved in this metabolic reprogramming might provide tools for diagnosis prognosis and ultimately treatment of canine mammary tumours in particular . One such regulator is carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A which is involved in transportation of long chain fatty acids into the mitochondrial matrix for beta oxidation thereby providing an alternative pathway for the generation of energy for tumour growth and development . In this study the canine cell lines MDCK CMT U309 CMT U27 and P114 were used as in vitro models for western blot and quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction analyses . Furthermore western blot and immunohistochemistry were carried out to evaluate CPT1A protein expression in the CMT specimens . The CPT1A protein and mRNA expression levels were increased in the CMT cell lines relative to their levels in normal epithelial cells . Moreover increased CPT1A expression levels were found in the CMT tissues being inversely correlated with the tumour differentiation grade . However additional studies are required to further specify the role of CPT1A in CMTs . | Deregulated expression of Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A CPT1A in canine mammary tumors CMTs . Increased CPT1A protein and mRNA expression levels in CMT cell lines. Marked CPT1A protein expression levels in well than in moderate and less differentiated CMT tissues. Inverse correlation between CPT1A protein expression levels and tumour malignancy grade. |
S1090023320300319 | At Fdration Equestre Internationale competitions horses undergo veterinary inspection for judgement of fit to compete . However FEI Veterinary Delegates often differ in opinion . The aim of the present study was to evaluate intra and inter observer agreements of fit to compete judgement and compare these with objective gait analysis measurements . Twelve horses were evaluated by three experienced VDs and one veterinary specialist and video recorded for re evaluation later . Simultaneously quantitative gait analysis measurements were acquired . Inter observer agreement during live evaluations was fair | At Fdration Equestre Internationale FEI competitions there is subjective evaluation of whether horses are fit to compete. For judgement of horses as fit to compete inter observer agreement between veterinary delegates was fair. Video observation 1 month and 1 year later differed from live observations. Quantitative gait analysis may be a useful complementary tool during fit to compete judgement. |
S1090023320300320 | Sympathomimetic drugs mimic the physiological action of the sympathetic nervous system through interaction with adrenergic receptors . These drugs are commonly used to provide cardiovascular support in many veterinary species . Despite their common use the literature evaluating their effectiveness can be somewhat limited depending on the species . This review details the mechanism of action of various sympathomimetic drugs and summarizes the literature that is available describing the efficacy of these drugs and their use in anesthetized veterinary species . | Sympathomimetic drugs mimic the action of the sympathetic nervous system. These drugs are used to provide cardiovascular support in veterinary species. In dogs and cats studies support the use of dopamine dobutamine and norepinephrine. In horses dobutamine is the sympathomimetic of choice. In horses dobutamine increases cardiac contractility and arterial blood pressure. |
S1090023320300332 | The enzyme 11 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase isoenzyme 2 is responsible for converting the active glucocorticoid cortisol to inactive cortisone and in the renal medulla protects the mineralocorticoid receptor from activation by cortisol . Derangements in 11BHSD2 activity can result in reduced conversion of cortisol to cortisone activation of the MR by cortisol and consequently sodium and water retention . The objective of this study was to examine glucocorticoid metabolism in canine congestive heart failure specifically to evaluate whether renal 11BHSD2 activity and expression were altered . Dogs were prospectively recruited into one of two phases the first phase | 11 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 expression was not altered in canine heart failure. 11 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 activity was not altered in canine heart failure. 20 hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity was elevated in canine heart failure. Total serum cortisol was not altered in canine congestive heart failure. |
S1090023320300344 | In young Cavalier King Charles spaniels intermittent mitral regurgitation in a small proportion of heartbeats has been associated with an increased risk of cardiac death due to myxomatous mitral valve disease . It is associated with increased R R interval variability . Little is known about response to physiological factors and whether iMR is a precursor for developing significant MR . The aim of this study was to determine the effect of stress testing on the presence of iMR and heart rate and short term progression of MR in CKCS with and without iMR . In total 52 CKCS were included . Substudy 1 enrolled six dogs with iMR and 11 dogs without iMR . Substudy 2 enrolled 14 dogs with iMR and 28 dogs without iMR . Substudy 1 prospectively assessed the influence of stress testing on the presence of iMR and heart rate . Substudy 2 retrospectively evaluated short term progression of iMR . | Stress tests reduced the presence of intermittent mitral regurgitation iMR . iMR was not present at mean heart rates above 150 beats min. Heart rate response was similar for dogs with and without iMR. iMR did not predict short term progression of mitral regurgitation. |
S1090023320300356 | Two sensitive assays based on AlphaLISA technology were developed and validated for the measurement of cortisol and cortisone in hair of pigs that also enabled estimation of 11 hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 activity . These assays were applied to hair samples from sows | Two assays based on AlphaLISA technology were developed. Cortisol and cortisone quantification in pig hair was enabled. Sows were sampled at three different stages of their reproductive cycle. Sow hair cortisone was highest at 23 days after farrowing during springsummer. Season could influence 11 hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 activity. |
S1090023320300368 | The purpose of the present study was to investigate if rectal administration of imepitoin in healthy dogs leads to plasma concentrations comparable to those after oral administration . Significantly lower systemic exposure and maximal plasma concentration | Plasma concentrations of imepitoin were lower after rectal than oral administration. Time to maximal concentration did not differ significantly between administration routes. This study does not support rectal administration of imepitoin in dogs. |
S1090023320300381 | In Icelandic horses high long hooves with added weights are often used to improve gait quality in competitions . From a biomechanical point of view excessively long hooves can be problematic as they increase forces acting on the distal limb . The study aimed to determine if hoof capsule size and angle of ICE at competitions are comparable to those of Warmblood horses requiring shoeing . Hoof dimensions and balance were quantified in 13 horses of each breed at the beginning of a shoeing period allowing a baseline comparison between breeds as well as for WB at the end of a shoeing period and for ICE when shod for competition . Left front and hind hoof capsules and bony structures of the hooves were measured on lateromedial and dorsopalmar dorsoplantar radiographs at BSP ESP and COMP respectively using the software Metron Hoof Pro . | Hoof size related to withers height and distal phalanx size was relatively larger in Icelandic horses than in Warmbloods. Hoof capsule relative to distal phalanx size may be used in addition to withers height to assess individual hoof size. Hoof size with an Icelandic competition shoeing was relatively larger than hooves of Warmbloods after a shoeing period. Front hoof balance was better in Warmblood horses compared to Icelandic horses at all measurement points. |
S1090023320300393 | In order to improve the four beat rhythm and forelimb action of the tlt in Icelandic horses special shoeing techniques are applied particularly in the front hooves by increasing hoof length and height or by adding weight to the distal limbs . Although regulations limit dorsal hoof wall length L | Many international Icelandic competition horses show hoof deformities or deviations from an ideal hoof balance. A broken hoof pastern axis and an imbalanced distal phalanx were most frequently observed. Some structural hoof deformities were associated with a longer dorsal hoof length. Longer dorsal hoof length and relatively larger hoof size were positively correlated with higher tlt marks incompetition. |
S1293255819304984 | The integration of polyoxometalates and silver aggregates into one compound could provide a promising route to approach novle strutures with improved properties . Herein four new POM based silver aggregate compounds Ag | Four novel Ag imidazole polyoxometalate hybrids have been obtained. Achieving form Ag. and Ag. to infinite Ag. . Showing good catalytic activities towards reduction of both iodate and nitrite. |
S1293255819305680 | The morphology of the deformation relief bicrystals of AISI 316 steel was described in terms of statistical parameters and using nonparametric roughness criteria . The presence of two large scale levels of plastic deformation self organization and scaling was established . Coordinated shear in bundles of parallel shear planes was the key mechanism at the mesolevel . The processes of self organization in the dislocation substructure was the key mechanism at the microlevel . The deformation relief close to the grain boundary was investigated . Several shear systems in two grains was active at the grain boundaries . Due to this fact it was waited inconsistency of deformation and more rough relief at the grain boundaries then into grains . However there was not the high values of root mean square surface roughness at the grain boundaries . In addition the scratch testing experiment showed that the grain boundary did not have a dramatic effect in this case . The connection between the statistical parameters of the surface morphology and the stages of the stress strain curve was established . | Described the morphology of a deformed surface in terms of statistical parameters and nonparametric roughness criteria. Established the presence of scaling during plastic deformation of AISI 316 steel bicrystal. Revealed two large scale levels of plastic deformation self organization and the corresponding those physical mechanisms. Showed the grain boundary role in deformation. |
S1293255819305898 | Manganese doped Nickel ferrites nanoparticles have been synthesized by modified co precipitation method for investigating the effects of adding dopant ions after formation of nucleation centers in the reaction medium . The structure and magnetic properties of the as synthesized samples have been studied by X ray diffraction Field emission scanning electron microscopy Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Vibrating sample magnetometer . The structural results showed that all the samples have cubic spinel phase with the average 21nm crystallite size . In addition variation of the preferred XRD peak from orientation to occurred because of the compressive strain in the structure which was calculated by means of Williamson Hall method . Adding dopant ions after nucleation caused strain spin canting and reduction of saturation magnetization . | Manganese doped nickel ferrite NPs have been prepared by means of modified co precipitation method. Adding Mn ions after nucleation center formation led to change in preferred orientation peak of the XRD patterns. FT IR analysis confirmed the different ion distribution in the spinel structure. Saturation magnetization decrement because of Mn ions increment is a result of strain spin canting and different ion distribution. |
S1293255819306077 | A report is given of the systematic investigation on the glass stability and conduction characteristics of binary lithium germanate glasses in the series mol xLi | Effect of germanate anomaly on the glass stability in lithium germanate glasses. Compositional variation of Li. conductivity doesn t reveal the germanate anomaly. Imaginary part of modulus data fails to scale with composition. Variation of parameter. with Li. content unveils the germanate anomaly. |
S1293255819306557 | Doped semiconductors nanostructures have shown great interest as a potential for green and efficient photocatalysis activities . Magnesium doped zinc oxide nanoparticles has been synthesized by a one step chemical low temperature co precipitation method without further calcination and their photocatalytic performance for photodegradation of Methylene blue dye under the illumination of solar light is investigated . The crystal structure of the synthesized NPs is examined by X ray diffraction . XRD data indicates a slight shift towards higher 2 angle in Mg doped samples as compared to the pure ZnO NPs which suggest the incorporation of Mg | Base and Magnesium doped ZnO NPs were synthesized by the chemical low temperature co precipitation route. The photodegradation efficiency was found to be increasing with increasing the atomic concentration of Magnesium. Trapping experiments indicated that holes are the major species that were responsible for the degradation of Methylene blue. Methylene blue was found to degrade faster than the Congo red. |
S1293255819306582 | Two dimensional photocatalysts have attracted increasing attentions in the past decades due to their unique physical and chemical properties . In this work the photocatalytic performance of TiSe | TiSe. plates was synthesized by a facile trioctylphosphine free chemical method. TiSe. plates with thickness of 35nm have good dispersity and crystallinity. The photocatalytic performance and the degradation mechanism are studied. The Rh B solution is degraded 96 after 30min irradiation. |
S1293255819307125 | In this paper the effect of the non magnetic and magnetic trivalent ion substitutions on structure features and magnetic properties of Bi | Rietveld refinement confirms single phase nature of Bi. Gd or Y. Fe. Mn. Gd. Y. induce a structural phase transition from rhombohedral to cubic. Success of enhanced saturation magnetization and remanent magnetization. Gd. Y. induce a magnetic transition from antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic. |
S1293255819307241 | The impact of non covalent interactions and reaction conditions on formation and self assembly of ionic pairs of Rh complexes with 4 4 disubstituted bipyridine ligands | Metallophilic chains can be obtained by controlling the non covalent interactions. Utilization of different interactions can be used for changing the assembly of metal complexes in solid state. Crystallization conditions determine the assembly metal complexes. |
S1293255819307484 | Oxygen vacancy in ceria based support is a dominate factor for catalyzing the water gas shift reaction by faster a redox cycle between Ce | Strain and unbalanced upon addition of Sm. lead to formation of oxygen vacancy. Oxygen defects in CeO. lattice play a role in facilitating redox cycle. Faster redox cycle between Ce. and Ce. lead to higher catalytic activity. Faster redox cycle can be evidenced by temperature resolved in situ XANES. Sm addition improve redox properties and promote dispersion of Pd on CeO. surface. |
S1293255819308313 | This report signifies the synthesis of ZnO nanorods cotton ball like structures nanospheres and their Cu loaded counterparts for effective photocatalytic degradation of methyl parathion pesticide under UV light . Pesticides accumulation in ecosystem becomes major problem which affects health . Zinc oxide is a promising photocatalyst for degradation of pesticides and dyes because of its higher stability low cost and non toxic nature . Herein the synthesized catalysts were characterised by diffused reflectance spectroscopy X ray diffraction scanning electron microscopy techniques and transmission electron microscopy . ZnO nanorods proved to be better catalyst as compare to other synthesized nanostructures because of its elongated morphology . ZNR were nearly 1.4 times more efficient than ZnO cotton ball like structures . Moreover photocatalytic activity was also enhanced by Cu loading due to low recombination rate of excitons . Cu loaded ZNR were found to degrade whole compound up to 99 in just 80min whereas bare ZNR took 3h under similar conditions . Thus efficiency of Cu ZNR had been increased nearly 6 folds as that of bare ZNR . | Morphology of the catalysts influenced reaction efficiency. Cu loading has improved methyl parathion MP degradation rates. Cu deposited ZnO nanorods like particles degraded MP upto 99 in just 80min. |
S1293255819308787 | ZnO nanoparticles embedded polymethylmethacrylate organic bistable memory device was fabricated by sol gel spin coating technique . ZnO PMMA thin films were deposited on ITO coated glass substrates . XRD and SAED patterns of ZnO PMMA nanocomposite thin films showed the polycrystalline behavior . FTIR peaks of ZnO PMMA nanocomposite thin films were observed at 540cm | ZnO PMMA nanocomposite thin films deposited by Sol gel spin coating. XRD SAED patterns of ZnO PMMA confirmed the polycrystalline of wurtzite structure. IV of Al ZnO PMMA ITO showed a nonvolatile electrical bi stability behavior. ON OFF ratio was found to be 10. and confirmed the writing and erasing sequence. Carrier mechanism for writing and erasing described by the schematic illustrations. |
S1293255819309471 | Praseodymium and dysprosium isonicotinamide complexes grafted onto modified mesoporous MCM 41 with 3 chloropropyltriethoxysilane as two novel catalysts were synthesized . The catalysts were determined using SEM Mapping EDX FT IR TGA XRD ICP and BET analysis . The catalysts were further studied for the oxidation reaction of sulfur containing compounds . Catalytic results displayed that the MCM 41 INA Pr and MCM 41 INA Dy show high effectiveness for promoting the oxidation reaction of sulfur containing compounds . The catalysts could be recycled for seven runs with negligible destruction of catalytic performance . | Two novel and eco friendly MCM 41 INA Pr and MCM 41 INA Dy catalysts were prepared and characterized. These catalysts can be used for oxidation of sulfides and oxidative coupling of thiols. The products were obtained in high to excellent yields in a short reaction time. MCM 41 INA Pr and MCM 41 INA Dy catalysts could be reused several cycles without significant loss in activity. |
S1293255819309860 | High temperature high pressure conditions were used to insert liquid bismuth in 46nm diameter amorphous silica nanotubes . A combination of transmission electron microscopy and neutron powder diffraction indicate that the final composite consists in 56nm semi conducting Bi nanowires confined in insulating mesoporous quartz . Such a nanostructured material could be of considerable interest for thermoelectric applications . | Bismuth was inserted into 46nm silica nanotubes under high pressure high temperature conditions. The host amorphous nanotubes crystallize in the form of quartz. The obtained nanocomposite consists of 56nm Bi nanowires imbedded in mesoporous quartz. The formation of Bi nanowires modifies their physical properties compared to bulk Bi. |
S1293255819310027 | Various molar ratio CdS nanoparticles were successfully decorated on the surfaces of anatase TiO2 nanobelts synthesized by hydrothermal method . When the molar ratio of CdS to anatase TiO2 is 10 100 CdS NPs with smaller size were uniformly decorated on the anatase TiO2 NBs . The XRD results indicated that the products were composed of anatase TiO2 and hexagonal CdS . Photoluminescence emission UVVis absorption spectra photocurrent spectra and electrochemical impedance spectra of the as prepared samples demonstrated that the CdS NPs contributed to the enhancement of properties of composites . And the TC 10 exhibited the best photoelectrochemical properties . The rhodamine B photocatalytic degradation experiments under 300W Xenon lamp irradiation showed that CdS favors the improvement of degradation ratios . The TC 10 has the highest degradation ratio of RhB which should be attributed to the formation of homojunction heterojunction and the uniform distribution of CdS nanoparticles with small sizes . | Bi phase coexisting anatase TiO. B nanobelts were obtained by hydrothermal method. CdS nanoparticles were decorated on the surface of anatase TiO. B nanobelts. CdS contributed to enhance the photoelectrochemical performance of the samples. The maximum degradation of RhB by nanocomposites reached 91.9 within 30min. The mechanism for the enhanced properties of CdS anatase TiO. B was proposed. |
S1293255819310155 | Mesoporous calcium silicate was synthesized using the ultrasonic assisted template method by using calcium nitrate tetrahydrate and sodium metasilicate nonahydrate as raw materials and cetyltrimethylammonium bromidemethenamine as the template . X ray diffraction Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy scanning electron microscopy transmission electron microscopy and BrunauerEmmettTeller method were used for the characterization of MCS . The surface charge characteristics of MCS and its adsorption characteristics for Ni | Synthesis of mesoporous calcium silicate MCS by ultrasonic assisted template method. Exploration of the surface charge characteristics of MCS in solution. MCS has a high adsorption capacity for Cd2 Cu2 Pb2 Ni2 Mn2 and Zn2 . Exploration of the adsorption characteristics of MCS for heavy metal ions. Adsorption thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of MCS for heavy metals are obtained. |
S1293255819310696 | Preparation of photocatalysts with excellent performance has drawn considerable attention . Herein we report a facile and reliable method to promote the photocatalytic performance of Ag Ag | Surface hydroxyl content on P123Ag. O has been enhanced. Separation efficiency of the photo excited carriers has been boosted. The formation of. was accelerated. The photocatalytic activity of P123Ag. O has been promoted. |
S1293255819310842 | Photocatalysis is a well established and green technology with cost effective high performance and environment benign for tetracycline removal in wastewater . Recently HAp based materials have been proved to be cheap and green photocatalysts for wastewater pollutant treatment . However the photocatalytic removal efficiency of these existing HAp based materials is still not desirable . Herein a series of new porous hollow hydroxyapatite microspheres decorated with small amounts of reduced graphene oxides were firstly and successfully fabricated by a facile hydrothermal method . The as prepared RGO HAp composites were characterized by X ray diffraction field emission scanning electron microscopy ultravioletvisible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy X ray photoelectron spectroscopy Brunauer Emmett Teller and photoelectrochemical measurements . Furthermore their photocatalytic applications were investigated by using TC as a model contaminant . It turned out that the as prepared RGO HAp composite exhibits an outstanding photocatalytic activity for TC degradation under a 300W xenon lamp with full spectrum irradiation . Note that its adsorption efficiency for TC in dark period was only 7.9 after 30min . Thus the total removal efficiency for TC was nearly 100 . Furthermore the as prepared RGO HAp exhibited remarkable stability and repeatability demonstrating its promising potential as an efficient photocatalyst . A plausible photocatalytic reaction mechanism was proposed on the basis of electron spin resonance and trapping experiments . This fundamental research will provide a promising strategy for developing highly efficient and compatible photocatalysts with wide applications . | A series of unique structured RGO HAp composites were firstly fabricated. These materials work as outstanding photocatalysts for TC degradation. Decorating amount of RGO is critical to optimizing removal efficiency. Photocatalytic degradation pathway for TC was proposed. |
S129325581931088X | Heterojunction formation and non metal dopant incorporation has been frequently practiced in graphitic carbon nitride as a feasible and efficient process for sustaining its inherent metal free properties while refining its photodegradation ability . In this study a novel complex ternary PSCN | Ag AgI WO. was integrated with P and S co doped g C. Dual Z scheme approach enhances electron hole pair separation. The photocatalyst exhibited extended visible light absorption. Malachite green dye was photo catalytically eliminated from waste water. The photocatalyst possessed striking recycle efficiency. |
S1293255819311136 | The single phase of the chabazite was artificially synthesized in the absence of organic structure directing agents and a seed crystal . The CHA showed a high selectivity of 91.2 for Cs ions in sea water which was superior to 87.1 of the synthesized mordenite . The single phase of the merlinoite was obtained by lack of a fluoride source . The Cs adsorption performance for the MER was 83.1 in the seawater . The CHA was heat treated for the immobilization of the Cs in the decomposed zeolite . For the non heated sample ca . 1.2 Cs ion from all of the adsorbed Cs was eluted by a dissolution test in deionized water for 14 days . The Cs ion did not elute when the sample was heated at 1000C and higher temperature due to the Cs containment in the amorphous phase . | We Chabazite CHA was synthesized using chemical reagents in absence of organic structure directing agents and seed crystal. The Cs selectivity in the seawater was superior for the CHA compared with those of merlinoite MER and mordenite MOR . The Cs ion did not elute when the CHA was heated at 1000C and higher temperature. |
S1293255819311458 | The peculiarities of microstructure of nanocrystalline powders of nonstoichiometric niobium carbides have been generalized in all homogeneity interval of cubic NbC | Nanocrystalline powders of carbides NbC. are produced by high energy ball milling. Microstructure of nanopowders is investigated by time of flight neutron diffraction. Nanopowders contain two fractions with different composition and particle size. Anisotropy of microstrains is very important in strongly deformed milled nanopowders. The splitting of NbC. particles during milling occurs along 110 plane with least shear modulus. |
S1293255819311483 | A facile eco friendly approach is proposed for fast preparation of a partially reduced graphene oxide carbon nanotube iron silver hybrid under ambient conditions . The partial reduction and exfoliation of GO the ultrafast growth of CNT on the rGO surface and the formation of AgNPs occurred simultaneously within 1030s using a domestic microwave oven . The morphology and structure of the rGO CNT Fe Ag hybrid are discussed in detail and a possible formation mechanism is proposed . The obtained rGO CNT Fe Ag hybrid exhibited high catalytic activity for reduction of 4nitrophenol by NaBH | Fast and green synthesis of rGO CNT Fe Ag hybrids through microwave irradiation. The partial reduction and exfoliation of GO the ultrafast growth of CNT on the rGO surface. The formation of AgNPs and FeNPs occurred simultaneously with the growth of CNT. Composites exhibited excellent activity and stability in catalytic reduction for 4 nitrophenol. rGO CNT Fe Ag hybrids can be easily recycled by an external magnet. |
S1293255819311513 | The energy density of a rechargeable device may be determined by the specific capacity of electrodes and the potential difference between the anode and cathode . Therefore high specific capacitances are required for energy storage devices with high energy densities . Electrodes with high surface areas generally provide good contact between the electrode and electrolyte hence the electrode material is important for supercapacitor applications . The structure and surface area of the electrodes may be affected by fabrication parameters and processes used . As the structure of the electrode is related to the performance of energy storage devices electrodeposition parameters of electrodes were studied . In this research the effect of electrodeposition potential on cobalt structure and capacitive performance of resulting electrodes were reported . Co based film was cathodically electrodeposited by applying different potentials on the graphite electrode . Morphological and structural characteristics of coatings were examined by SEM and FTIR . The electrodes were then immersed in an alkaline bath for capacitance measurements . The rate limiting reactions of the electrodes in KOH depending on deposition potential was studied . The galvanostatic charge discharge curves for the negative graphite electrode and positive cobalt based electrode were obtained . Electrochemical performances of the nano composite electrodes varied with the applied voltages . The electrode showed a maximum specific capacity of 1692Fg | Co based film which can be used in supercapacitor applications was prepared. Different voltages were applied for electrodeposition of the Co based film. Plating process affected morphology and capacitance behaviour of the films. Maximum specific capacity of the cobalt based film was 1692Fg |
S1293255819311586 | We performed detailed first principles Density Functional Theory Calculations of electronic band structure and predict the effective mass as well as the electronic fitness function | TaCoSn and TaIrSn are two newly discovered stable half Heusler compounds we determined some properties of the compounds using first principles method. The highlights are. Presentation of the orbital contributions to the band structure via fat band determination. Dependence of Seebeck coefficient on holes concentration. Calculations of effective masses of the compounds. Determination of electronic fitness function in both compounds. |
S1293255819311823 | Glutamic acid clinoptilolite nanoparticles was used for the Mn removal in aquatic media . XRD FT IR SEM TG analyzer and energy dispersive analysis X ray spectroscopy were used for the characterization of the raw and the modified samples . Initial experiments showed a maximum adsorption capacity of 0.572mmol Mn g for the raw CNP while the modified CNP GA showed a value of 0.691mmol Mn g confirming the positive role of the CNP modification in Mn removal . Designing the experiments by response surface methodology showed a quadratic model for the processing of the data obtained in the removal process . The optimum conditions to achieve maximum adsorption were suggested as initial Mn concentration 583mg L contact time 132min CNP GA dosage 5gL | Efficient Mn II removal by both raw CMP and CNP. Successful modification of CNP or CMP by glutamic acid in acidic medium. Synergistic removal efficiency of the modified samples concerning the raw samples. Higher interactions of adsorbent dosage time on the Mn II removal. Monolayer sorption of Mn II confirmed by Langmuir model. |
S1293255819311975 | In the present study clinoptilolite nanoparticles were prepared in a planetary ball mill instrument and ion exchanged in Fe solution . The resulted FeCN material was then used as an effective modifier to modify carbon paste electrode . When the resulted FeCN CPE electrode was immersed in HCl supporting electrolyte Fe cations were located at the electrode solution interface via an ion exchange process with protons which were present in the supporting electrolyte solution . Next Fe cations could be immediately oxidized to Fe at the electrode surface by scanning the potential toward more positive values in order to create an anodic peak current . When Sn cations were added into the supporting electrolyte solution they could immediately react with the produced Fe cations as well . This reaction provided more Fe cations at the electrode solution interface causing a significant increase in the peak current of the electro oxidation of Fe cations . Hence this electrocatalytic current was utilized for the voltammetric determination of Sn in aqueous solution . In addition the experimental design by response surface methodology was applied to study the interaction effects between the influencing variables . Further the best voltammetric response was obtained by performing the voltammetric measurement based on the run with conditions of pH 2 | Electrocatalytic effect of Fe II CN CPE on voltammetric determination of Sn II . Study the interaction effects of the influencing factors by RSM. Most importance effect of solution pH on creating voltammetric peak current. Most role of pH on ion exchange extent taked place on the electrode surface. |
S1293255819312038 | In this article a simple and environmentally benign one pot hydrothermal strategy has been developed for the synthesis of nano grass flower hierarchical manganese dioxide without the use of either templets or acid . Because of synergistic effects of nano grass and nano flower the nano grass flower hierarchical structure exhibits specific capacitance of 230Fg | Nano grass flower MnO. has been prepared by one pot hydrothermal method without the use of either templets or acid. Nano grass flower MnO. electrode acquire specific capacitance of 230 F g. Nano grass flower MnO. exhibits excellent cycling stability with retention of 81 after 10000 cycles. Nano grass flower MnO. AC device exhibited an energy density of 30 Wh Kg |
S1293255819312051 | Lanthanum doped copper cadmium ferrite nanocrystallite pallet sensors are synthesized using a sol gel auto combustion method and envisaged in ammonia gas sensing applications . The structure and morphology measurements of the La CCF sensors are investigated by X ray diffraction pattern and scanning electron microscopy images . The single tetragonal spinel phase is confirmed from X ray diffraction analysis . A secondary phase of LaO | We report the effect of La. doping on the structural Morphological and sensing properties of copper cadmium ferrite Cu. Cd. Fe. nanostructures. The structural and surface morphology analyses are performed as a function of La. doping. Effect of La. doping on the sensing performance of Cu. Cd. Fe. nanostructures has been attempted. Effect of changes in room temperature and morphology of Cu. Cd. Fe. for NH. gas sensing of as function of lanthanum doping are identified and reported. |
S1293255819312154 | Synergistic effects of ion exchange and complexation in Cd removal was studied by the modification of nanoparticles of clinoptilolite zeolite by pentetic acid as a family of EDTA . XRD FT IR BET TG DTG and SEM EDX were used for the characterization of the NCP and NCP DTPA . The interactions of solution pH NCP DTPA dosage concentration of cadmium solution and contact time were studied by Response Surface Methodology . The pH adsorbent dosage and pH C | More efficiency of NCP DTPA for Cd II removal with respect to the raw NCP. Synergistic effect of ion exchange and complexation for Cd II removal in the modified sample. Involving mono and multi layer adsorption for Cd II removal by the adsorbent. More importance of pH C. and pH adsorbent dose interactions in Cd II removal. |
S1293255819312324 | Using the First Principles calculations within the frame work of density functional theory the structural electronic and magnetic properties were determined . Co doping of halogen atoms in the host MgO with 12.5 concentration was performed and the half metallicity property was investigated . It is very interesting that co doping of halogen atoms in the host MgO plays a vital role in exhibiting the half metallic nature of the super cells Cl | Co doping of halogen atoms in mgo exhibit half metallic ferromagnetism. Structural properties. Electronic properties. Magnetic properties. Application in spintronics. |
S1293255819312403 | The construction of highly efficient photo induced degradation methods is essential for water remediation . A novel nanocomposite was firstly synthesized which was consisted of Ag nanoparticles immobilized on black phosphorus nanosheets | nanocomposite was successfully prepared. Enhanced photo induced activity was observed in NIR light. exhibited high photo induced degradation efficiency of norfloxacin. produced .O. by harvest of NIR light and high electron hole. |
S1293255819312427 | This article deals with the synthetic methods and applications of copper selenide thin films . | Synthesis of copper selenide. Synthesis of copper selenide. Synthesis of copper selenide. Thermoelectric properties of copper selenide. Copper selenide in flexible electronics. |
S1293255819312567 | A series of Na ZSM 5 zeolite supported Pd catalysts with different Si Al ratios were synthesized . And the effect of different Si Al ratios on the catalytic combustion of VAM was investigated . The Pd Na ZSM 5 40 shows the best catalytic activity for VAM as to catalytic test . Through various techniques XRD SEM HRTEM XPS H | The effect of Si Al ratios with Pd Na ZSM 5 catalysts on the low concentration methane catalytic combustion was studied. As obtained Na ZSM 5 40 possesses a stepped cylindrical morphology which is benefit for the dispersion of Pd particles. Compare with the other two catalysts the Pd Na ZSM 5 40 catalyst has the highest PdO and O. content. The CH. conversion over Pd Na ZSM 5 40 still 90 after 50h time on stream at 450C at the GHSV of 112500mLg |
S1293255819312695 | Sn based electrode materials have been envisioned as an alternative to graphite owing to their high theoretical capacity . In this work we embarked on investigating the lithium electrochemical mechanisms occurring in core shell nanoparticles made of a tin metal core covered by an amorphous tin oxide shell . The electrochemical properties evaluated using galvanostatic experiments point to a dual contribution of core and shell components to the overall capacity . | Electrochemical characterizations of core shell type Sn SnO. nanoparticles. Mssbauer. Sn spectroscopy was used to detail the reaction mechanisms. Combined conversion alloying electrochemical processes were observed. |
S1293255819312713 | An extra large pore aluminophosphate molecular sieve with CLO topology was successfully synthesized in low dosage ionic liquids via a simplified ionothermal route for which all raw materials were firstly mixed together and then ground into homogeneous gels followed by high temperature crystallization . A representative CLO type sample was characterized by XRD SEM N | CLO molecular sieve was ionothermally synthesized in low dosage ionic liquids. A new synergistic template was found for the synthesis of CLO material. A facile preparation procedure was developed to synthesize CLO material. |
S1293255819312774 | Fabrication of efficient electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction is important to produce hydrogen fuel on a large scale via electrocatalytic water splitting . In this research a novel electrocatalyst based on star like molybdenum phosphide structure vertically grown on highly conductive graphene supported by a three dimensional nickel foam was synthesized via a facile hydrothermal method followed by a phosphidization strategy at 300C . The exclusive hierarchical nanostructure with abundant porosity was beneficial for enhancing active site numbers and electrical conductivity . In particular the formation of MoP impressively changed electronic structure of the resulting material thereby accelerating electrocatalytic activity for HER in 1.0M KOH medium . The MoP GR NF required small overpotentials of 95 and 189mV to deliver current densities of 10 and 50mAcm | Hierarchical structures of Mo phosphide nanosheets on GR NF was facilely prepared. The material exhibited good catalytic activity for HER in 1.0M KOH medium. The material required small overpotential of 95mV to reached 10mAcm. The material showed good stability for a long term operation. |
S1293255819312865 | The large work function difference between two semiconductors will effectively adjust the interfacial electronic distribution and catalytic performances of heterojunction . In this work a novel | The carriers mobility and lifetime are adjusted due to the electron redistribution. The reduction ability is enhanced and the oxidation active sites is increase. The photocatalytic activity is increased by 9.4 and 2.9 times for RhB and TC H degradation under visible light. |
S1293255819313378 | Cool Spark Plasma Sintering recently emerged as an efficient approach to sinter thermodynamically fragile materials . In the context of an exploratory study aiming at the identification of new fragile ferroic materials high density ceramics of copper acetate diamine Cu CH | Cool SPS allows densification of molecular material. Pressure can be used to stabilize the phase at higher temperatures. Sintering does not impact structure quality of the material. |
S1293255819313421 | Over the past decades the accumulation of organic pollutants in surface water groundwater and even drinking water have raised as a serious issue . A photocatalytic process using a semiconductor like TiO | SiO2 core particles were synthesized by a Stber method. TiO2 shells with different thicknesses were coated around SiO2 cores. SiO2 cores were removed by NaOH treatment. Microstructure analysis confirmed that shell thickness was controlled successfully. Particle size shell thickness and structure affect photocatalytic activity. |
S1293255819313457 | The high operating temperature for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells is one of the major obstacles in the advancement and marketing of the fuel cell technology . Mixed metal oxides Cu | Mixed metal oxides nanocomposites. Symmetrical Solid Oxide Fuel Cells SOFCs . Low working temperature. Enhanced power density. |
S1293255819313755 | Nickel oxide and pyrite composites were prepared by impregnation method and employed in the dielectric barrier discharge catalytic removal of gaseous styrene . The properties of the NiO Pyr composites were characterized systematically . The removal efficiencies of styrene and energy yields had been examined as a function of initial concentration of styrene gas flow rates and input powers . The results showed that the NiO Pyr composite had excellent catalytic performance in DBD removal of gaseous styrene while mass ratio of NiO and Pyr was 0.2 and calcined temperature was 500C . When the initial concentration of styrene was 240mgm | Nickel oxide and pyrite NiO Pyr composites were prepared by impregnation method. Dielectric barrier discharge combined with NiO Pyr had excellent synergistic effect. DBD NiO Pyr had excellent catalytic performance on styrene degradation. |
S1293255819313810 | Novel tetrasubstituted cobalt phthalocyanine multi walled carbon nanotube composites CoPc MWCNTs were prepared to efficient catalytic oxidation of styrene to benzaldehyde . The CoPc MWCNTs composites were characterized by UVvis spectroscopy X ray diffraction Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy . In order to achieve efficient and selective catalysis the effects of solvent types oxidant types catalyst amount temperature and reaction time on catalytic performance have been studied . It was found that the CoPc MWCNTs composites performed very high catalytic activity in the styrene oxidation reaction . The highest styrene conversion and benzaldehyde selectivity were obtained under the optimum conditions of 20mg of CoPc MWCNTs oxidant being TBHP for 2mL and in THF at 80C for 4h . Furthermore the possible reaction mechanism for CoPc MWCNTs composites selectively oxidized styrene to benzaldehyde was also proposed . | Novel 4a OPh p Cl CoPc MWCNTs composites were prepared. The as prepared 4a OPh p Cl CoPc MWCNTs composites were used for styrene oxidation. 4a OPh p Cl CoPc MWCNTs showed efficient catalytic activity in styrene oxidation. Possible catalytic oxidation mechanism of 4a OPh p Cl CoPc MWCNTs was proposed. |
S1293255819314475 | This manuscript presents a simple efficient and environmentally benign room temperature aerobic catalytic process to the selective oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides by Dy substituted 5 oxopyrrolidine 2 carboxylic acid immobilized on SBA 15 . The catalyst could be reused seven cycles without any loss in performance . This is the first selective aerobic oxidation of sulfides using a Dy based heterogeneous system . | 5 oxopyrrolidine 2 carboxylic acid Glp dysprosium complex was anchored on SBA 15. The SBA 15 Glp Dy was used as catalyst for selective aerobic oxidation of sulfides. This catalyst could be reused seven cycles without significant loss in activity. |
S1293255819314797 | Two mesoporous ordered silica with MCM 41 pores arrangement were synthesized and surface modified by a post synthetic treatment . The first composite has aminopropyl functionalities while the other features aminopropyl and methyl surface groups . Both composites were used as sorbents for Cr removal from aqueous media at pH 2 . In order to test the stability and durability of the sorbents the samples were subjected to alkaline extreme conditions at different times and after that tested again for Cr removal . The bi functionalized MCM 41 retains its Cr elimination capacity unchanged after 16h of alkaline treatment while the aminopropyl MCM 41 sample suffer a drop of about 30 . The fresh and alkaline treated samples were characterized by X ray diffraction at low angles nitrogen sorption at 77K Fourier transform infrared Thermal analysis . The presence of the methyl moieties increases the hydrophobicity of the composite s surface which inhibit the approaching of the water molecules avoiding the hydrolysis of SiOSi bonds of the MCM 41 pores walls . Besides this protective effect is reflected in the textural properties changes before and after alkaline treatments while the specific surface area of aminopropyl MCM 41 goes from an initial value of 793 to 495m | Aminopropyl functionalized MCM 41 is able to reduce Cr VI . Aminopropyl methyl functionalized MCM 41 is not able to reduce Cr VI . The presence of the methyl moieties increases the hydrophobicity of the MCM 41 composite s surface. The non polar heads of the methyl functionalizing group improve the MCM 41 composite stability. |
S1293255819314815 | A high performance p GaN NiO nanostructures n GaN ultraviolet sandwich structure photodetector was fabricated that was composed of NiO nanostructures grown on n GaN and a p GaN film layer . The device based on the GaN p GaN NiO nanostructures n GaN sandwich structure showed a high responsivity and fast response . This study provides a method to fabricate high response UV photodetectors for GaN based materials by combining them with metal oxide nanostructures . | A facile method was used to fabricate high performance p GaN nanostructures n GaN sandwich structure. The sandwich structure composed of NiO nanostructures grown on n GaN and p GaN film layer by direct contacting way. The p GaN NiO nanostructures n GaN sandwich structure showed an excellent UV response performance. |
S1293255819314979 | We present results of a complex study of the electronic structure and optical constants from experimental and theoretical points of view of quaternary copper mercury germanium sulfide Cu | Electronic structure of Cu. HgGeS. crystal is explored by experimental XPS and XES methods. Different approaches for XC potential are treated in DFT calculations. Calculations within mBJ U SO approach correspond best to XPS and XES data. Cu. HgSnS. is a direct gap material. Main optical constants of Cu. HgSnS. are explored. |
S1293255819315109 | Two Schiff bases 4 methylidene amino 1 5 dimethyl 2 phenyl 1 2 dihydro 3H pyrazol 3 one and 4 amino 1 5 dimethyl 2 phenyl 1 2 dihydro 3H pyrazol 3 one derived from 4 aminoantipyrine are reported . The compounds were recrystallized in methanol and characterized using spectroscopic techniques and single crystal X ray diffraction analysis . The XRD structure shows that APNA and SBAP crystallize respectively in the orthorhombic and monoclinic crystal systems space groups of | The crystal systems and space groups obtained from the crystals gave APNA orthorhombic. 2 1 and SBAP monoclinic C2 c . Additional hydroxyl group in SBAP raised the TPSA more than APNA which had more aromatic ring. The biological activity of the compounds against the tested bacterial is moderate. The compounds were able to cleave DNA. |
S1293255819315134 | Effective and environmental water disinfectants are of great importance to address increasing health concerns in drinking water . Hence in present paper a highly efficient recyclable and magnetically separable nanoparticles Ag AgCl Fe | Promoting of Ag AgCl photocatalytic performance by addition of Fe. Ag AgCl Fe. composite presented the best inactivation rate of 9.1 log at 0.1gL. in 60min visible light irradiation. Stable disinfection was observed in successive tests. Photocatalytic disinfection mechanism revealed to be membrane and intracellular damage. Photochemical investigation suggested H. OH and H. as the crucial active species. |
S1293255819315304 | Among quasicrystals no semiconductor has been reported and the existence of semiconducting quasicrystal is one of the major questions in the solid state physics and a semiconducting quasicrystal is expected to be a high performance thermoelectric material . First principles calculations was performed on four real crystalline structures and hypothetical approximant crystalline and quasicrystalline structures and total energies were calculated . The formation energy of the type 1 1 cubic approximant crystal was found to be very close to the estimated value based on the approximate equation using the formation energy and abundance ratio of prolate and oblate . From this it is considered that the estimated value by the approximate equation is reliable and it is estimated that the type 1 1 cubic approximant crystal and type quasicrystal have the almost the same formation energy as the tetragonal boron phase known as metastable phase . This suggests the possibility of formation of boron quasicrystal as a metastable phase . In addition the electronic density of states was clarified in the type 1 1 cubic approximant crystal . As a result it was shown that the type 1 1 cubic approximant crystal is a semiconductor having a band gap of about 0.25 eV and it can be strongly expected that the boron quasicrystal is also a semiconductor . | Construction of two structural models of a 1 1 cubic approximant crystal of boron. Calculation of formation energies for several structures of boron. The 1 1 cubic approximant crystal of boron is a semiconductor. The quasicrystal is estimated to have the same formation energy as the metastable tetragonal boron. |
S1293255819315390 | Using first principles molecular dynamics we calculated the equation of state and shock Hugoniot of various boron phases . We find a large mismatch between Hugoniots based on existing knowledge of the equilibrium phase diagram and those measured by shock experiments which could be reconciled if the B | Using boron as an example we show that materials phase diagrams are different depending on the compression technique. We find an anomaly and a negative Clapeyron slope in the melting curve of boron. We provide first principles equations of state and shock Hugoniot curves for boron in multiple phases at up to 1000 GPa. We predict the possible existence of new boron phases at 100 GPa and 2000 K and of post. Ga phases at megabar pressures. |
S1293255819315468 | The formation of boron carbide under high pressures and from elemental reactants has been studied . To this end stoichiometric mixtures of commercial crystalline beta rhombohedral boron and amorphous glassy carbon have been subjected to temperatures ranging from 1473K to 2473Kat pressures of 2GPa and 5GPa . Similar syntheses have been repeated for crystalline boron and graphite . As the synthesis pressure increases the temperature of formation of boron carbide is found to increase as well . Moreover the reaction temperature is shown to be affected by the choice of the reactants . | C HPHT synthesis. Reactants B C. Effect of reactants pressure on formation temperature. |
S129325581931547X | Based on crystal chemistry rationale and calculations within the density functional theory DFT the U B system is complemented with additional binary compounds UB | Completing the U B system with new phases from DFT. Hexagonal 2D to 3D boron networks crossover. Magnetic 2D UB3 and 3D UB6 with different M V behaviors. |
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