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UPDATED 10/4/22: Power has been restored at our location so we have begun shipping orders again.
The Fort Myers, Florida area, home of our Floyd Rose / AP International headquarters, took a direct hit from Hurricane Ian resulting in devastating losses to our community. Thankfully, the FR team is safe and our building suffered relatively minor damage. The same can not be said for many of our neighbors.
If you would like to contribute to the disaster response, the Red Cross is accepting financial and blood donations at this time. For more information, you can visit their website here: https://www.redcross.org/ | <urn:uuid:24669a1d-9e6c-4cc4-a582-a7d6d9a29c59> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://au.floydrose.com/blogs/news/hurricane-ian-disruptions | 2023-12-04T22:23:56Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100535.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20231204214708-20231205004708-00554.warc.gz | en | 0.959406 | 128 | [
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There is only one person in our house who would be a pro at making Mexi-Jamaican Oxtail Bean Stew: Patrick! When I told him about my new campaign with Rumba Meats and the focus would be “non-traditional beef cuts” he practically leaped out of his chair.
“Ask for oxtail!” he cheered. He then whipped around and pulled up a Jamaican oxtail stew recipe he had saved on his iPad and told me how he had this idea to give it a Latin makeover using beans, nopales, and a serrano chile.
Isn’t it weird how you can know someone all your life and still learn new things? I had no idea he had this secret oxtail dream happening. But it sure came in handy because he took the lead on this project and made a delicious stew.
If you follow me on Instagram, you might have seen my clips showing him hard at work. Just in case, I have pictures!
Before we get started on the recipe, check out Rumba Meats! The brand is all about celebrating cultural diversity and traditions. Visit their site, as well as on their Facebook, Twitter and Pinterest pages, to see an array of recipes. They call their products food for the soul! Here’s where you can find their products in your area, I bought mine at my local Fry’s Stores location.
Have you ever tried oxtail? This was a first for me. It comes from the tail of the cattle and it’s a very popular cut in West Africa, China, South America, Spain, and Indonesia. It’s very fatty and rich, it reminded me of juicy rib meat.
I loved the savory seasoning in this recipe – the allspice, Worcestershire sauce, and ketchup give it a burst of robust flavor! We have always loved Jamaican food and Patrick has eaten oxtail stew at a local Caribbean eatery by our house. That’s where his inspiration came from! To give the recipe a Mexican spin, Patrick added a serrano chile.
He said he plans to make this again, but instead of the bell peppers, he is going to used nopales.
As far as the beans, you can use canned beans of your choice, or washed, raw pinto beans. This stew simmers for so long, they will cook by the time it is ready to be served.
To make Patrick’s Mexi-Jamaican Oxtail Bean Stew recipe, you’ll need:
1 pound of Rumba Meats oxtail (I bought mine at my local Fry’s location)
32 ounces beef broth
2 tablespoons browning sauce
2 tablespoons Worcestershire sauce
2 tablespoons ketchup
1 teaspoon pepper
Salt to taste
1 teaspoon garlic powder
1 teaspoon onion powder
1 tablespoon allspice
2 tablespoons seasoning salt
1 clove minced garlic
3 tablespoons olive oil
1 pinch fresh thyme
½ medium onion, finely chopped
½ medium red, yellow and green bell pepper (or nopales), chopped
1 large celery stock, diced
2 stalks green onion
2 15-ounce can of your choice of beans
1 serrano chile, seeded (not diced or sliced!)
Chop oxtail into small chunks and soak in salted water for 30 minutes to remove residue.
Rinse oxtail, place in a bowl. Add sauces and spices. Mix and rub into the meat. Add half of the chopped veggies to the mixture. Make sure everything is completely covered. Marinate in fridge for at least two hours.
Heat up the olive oil in a pot, remove the oxtails from the marinade and brown in hot oil for 10 minutes. Add the rest of the marinade to the pot. Add beef broth. Add 2 cups water, cover and simmer on medium for four hours. Add the second half of the veggies, cover and simmer on medium for one and a half hours.
In the last twenty minutes, add cooked beans of your choice and ½ of a tomato, chopped. Remove serrano chile (so no one accidentally eats it!) and serve with a warm tortilla or bolillo.
And there you have it! Mexi-Jamaican Oxtail Bean Stew! Have you ever cooked with oxtail before? We have another Rumba Meats recipe coming up – but this time I’m going to be the one wearing the chef’s hat! Stay tuned!
Have a great day everyone! | <urn:uuid:a57fb66c-72ae-42a6-b23a-e0342cacf1ba> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://craftychica.com/2017/05/mexi-jamaican-oxtail-bean-stew/ | 2023-12-04T23:56:18Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100535.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20231204214708-20231205004708-00554.warc.gz | en | 0.93724 | 971 | [
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The annual special Direct Line with Vladimir Putin was broadcast live by Channel One, Rossiya-1 and Rossiya-24 TV channels, and Mayak, Vesti FM and Radio Rossii radio stations.
Especially popular in the course of the discussion were questions about Crimea, including the socioeconomic situation in Russia’s new regions – the Crimean Republic and Sevastopol, the development of Russia’s Black Sea Fleet, and the situation regarding the Crimean Tatars. There were also questions about the situation in Ukraine, and the assessment of the developments in the southeast of the country.
The discussion also touched upon international issues, such as relations with the West and NATO, the deployment of US anti-missile defence systems in Europe, the situation with Transnistria, and economic issues related to the global oil and gas markets. Vladimir Putin answered questions not only from citizens of Russia, but of other countries as well, for instance from experts of the Valdai Club from Germany, the US and Hungary, and a question from Edward Snowden.
Numerous questions dealing with the country’s life were raised, including those related to healthcare, housing and utility services, relief efforts following the largest ever flood in the Far East last year, prospects for the future use of Olympic facilities in Sochi, as well as ways of instilling patriotism, and building relations with the opposition.
There were also a few personal questions. In the final part of the Direct Line, the President answered questions of his own choice.
During the live television broadcast that lasted 3 hours 54 minutes, the President responded to a total of 81 questions and appeals.
* * *
DIRECT LINE PROGRAMME HOST KIRILL KLEYMENOV: Good afternoon,
You are watching Direct Line with President Vladimir Putin. Here in the studio today are Maria Sittel and Kirill Kleymenov.
DIRECT LINE PROGRAMME HOST MARIA SITTEL:
I could say that we are having today yet another conversation with Vladimir Putin, however the situation is different since the country we are talking to now has changed. After waiting for 23 years, since the breakup of the Soviet Union, Crimea and Sevastopol have joined Russia. For this reason, every question today will be directly or indirectly related to Crimea.
We will discuss a number of issues today, including healthcare, army, taxes, agriculture and, naturally, Ukraine. There is no doubt that we’ll discuss developments in Ukraine’s southeast and the genocide that was unleashed in this region. Ukraine is sliding into civil war.
KIRILL KLEYMENOV: Our colleagues Olga Ushakova, Valeriya Korableva, Tatyana Stolyarova and Dmitry Shchugorev will assist us during today’s broadcast, while Tatyana Remizova and Anna Pavlova are working in the call and SMS processing centre.
I would like to remind you that you can watch us live on Channel One, as well as on Rossiya-1 and Rossiya-24 TV channels, and on Russia’s Public Television channel, where interpretation into sign language will be available for people with impaired hearing. Radio listeners can join our conversation on Mayak, Vesti FM and Radio Rossii stations.
We are live with President Vladimir Putin.
TATYANA REMEZOVA: Good afternoon, colleagues! Hello, Mr President.
Our call centre has been working for a week, and we will continue to take calls during the Direct Line broadcast. You can call us at the toll-free number 8 (800) 200-4040 or send text messages to 04040. There is a separate Moscow number, which is also toll free, for residents of the Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol: +7 (495) 539-2442. People from other countries can call us at the number you can see on the screen.
Over the past eight days, our call centre has received over two million questions, or 17,500 per minute – we are definitely going to set a new record – and many callers just say, “Thank you for Crimea.”
ANNA PAVLOVA: Good afternoon. I’d like to remind you that this year you can send video questions to the President from your PC or any mobile device. Our operators continue to accept your messages on the websites www.moskva-putinu.ru and москва-путину.рф. There is still time to record and send your questions.
I’d like to tell you that this is the first time that this programme will be broadcast with a sign-interpreted version on our website. These new options have been introduced to increase the audience.
Maria, Kirill, back to you.
KIRILL KLEYMENOV: So, about Ukraine. Events are unfolding there with an incredible and sometimes alarming speed. Indeed, two months ago, during the Olympic Winter Games on February 17, no one thought that Crimea would reunite with Russia and that people in eastern Ukraine would stop armoured convoys sent from Kiev with their bare hands.
Mr Putin, the first question is perfectly obvious: What do you think about the events underway in the Lugansk and Donetsk regions?
PRESIDENT OF RUSSIA VLADIMIR PUTIN: Before I answer your question, I’d like to go back a little to review recent events in Ukraine. As you know, President Yanukovych refused to sign the Association Agreement with the EU. No, he did not refuse to sign it, but said that he could not sign it on the EU conditions, because it would dramatically worsen the socioeconomic situation in Ukraine and affect Ukrainians. Yanukovych said that he needed more time to analyse the document and to discuss it together with Europeans. This provoked public unrest that eventually culminated in an unconstitutional coup, an armed seizure of power. Some liked it, and some did not. People in eastern and southeastern regions of Ukraine were worried about their future and the future of their children, because they saw a rapid growth of nationalist sentiments, heard threats and saw that [the new authorities] wanted to invalidate some of the ethnic minorities’ rights, including the rights of the Russian minority. On the other hand, this description is relative, because Russians are native persons in Ukraine. But an attempt was made to invalidate all decisions regarding the use of the native language. This alarmed people, of course. What happened next?
Instead of starting a dialogue with these people, Kiev appointed new governors – oligarchs and billionaires – to these regions. People are suspicious of oligarchs as it is. They believe that they earned their riches by exploiting people and embezzling public property, and these oligarchs have been appointed to head their regions. This only added to the public discontent. People chose their own leaders, but what did the new government do to them? They were thrown into prison. Meanwhile, nationalist groups did not surrender their weapons, but threatened to use force in the eastern regions. In response, people in the east started arming themselves. Refusing to see that something was badly wrong in the Ukrainian state and to start a dialogue, the government threatened to use military force and even sent tanks and aircraft against civilians. It was one more serious crime committed by the current Kiev rulers.
I hope that they will see that they are moving into a deep hole, and that they are pulling their country along. In this sense, the talks that will start today in Geneva are very important, because I believe that we should get together to think about ways out of this crisis and to offer people a real, not sham, dialogue. The current Kiev authorities have travelled to the eastern regions, but who do they talk to there? They talk to their appointees. There’s no need to go to Donbass for this, because they can summon them to Kiev for a meeting. They should talk with people and with their real representatives, with those whom people trust. They should release the arrested [opponents], help people to express their opinion in an organised manner, suggest new leaders and start a dialogue.
People in the eastern regions are talking about federalisation, and Kiev has at long last started talking about de-centralisation. But what do they mean? To be able to understand what they mean, they should sit down at the negotiating table and search for an acceptable solution. Order in the country can only be restored through dialogue and democratic procedures, rather than with the use of armed force, tanks and aircraft.
KIRILL KLEYMENOV: So far the dialogue has started between diplomats: top diplomats from the United States, Russia, the European Union and Ukraine are meeting in Geneva at this very moment. Russia is represented by Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov. Could you outline Russia’s stance at the talks in just a few words?
VLADIMIR PUTIN: I just did exactly that. We feel strongly that this should not be a sham dialogue between representatives of the authorities, but a dialogue with the people to find the compromise I was talking about.
KIRILL KLEYMENOV: How would you respond to the statements coming from both Kiev and the West about Russia being behind the protests in eastern Ukraine, allegedly staged and financed by “Moscow’s hand”? They even claim that certain Russian armed units are there.
VLADIMIR PUTIN: Nonsense. There are no Russian units in eastern Ukraine – no special services, no tactical advisors. All this is being done by the local residents, and the proof of that is the fact that those people have literally removed their masks. So I told my Western partners, “They have nowhere to go, and they won’t leave. This is their land and you need to negotiate with them.”
MARIA SITTEL: I’m sure we’ll get back to the events in the southeast later in the course of this conversation. Now let’s talk about Crimea and how you took the decision. You never gave as much as a hint about Crimea over the course of your political career. You must have thought about it, but you never even mentioned Crimea in private talks.
So how was this decision made? Can you tell us again? Was this opposed by any members of your team? What was your assessment of the possible risks, from international sanctions to the civil war we are watching unfold now?
VLADIMIR PUTIN: The most obvious risk was that the Russian speaking population was threatened and that the threats were absolutely specific and tangible. This is what made Crimean residents, the people who live there, think about their future and ask Russia for help. This is what guided our decision.
I said in my recent speech in the Kremlin that Russia had never intended to annex any territories, or planned any military operations there, never. Quite to the contrary, we were going to build our relations with Ukraine based on current geopolitical realities. But we also thought, and have always hoped, that all native Russians, the Russian-speaking people living in Ukraine, would live in a comfortable political environment, that they would not be threatened or oppressed.
But when this situation changed, and Russians in Crimea were facing exactly that, when they began raising the issue of self-determination – that’s when we sat down to decide what to do. It was at this exact moment that we decided to support Crimeans, and not 5, 10 or 20 years ago.
I discussed this problem with the Security Council members, and no one objected. In fact all of them supported my position. And I’m more than happy now that all the steps in the action plan were taken in a very precise manner, quickly, professionally and resolutely.
KIRILL KLEYMENOV: I would say the way the plan was executed was unique and unparalleled in history.
Mr Putin, we who live in Russia are very well aware of how things are done here. But indeed, this was done very quickly – a complicated referendum was organised in the shortest time possible, security issues addressed, and Ukrainian units disarmed – that really gave the impression of a long-planned and prepared action.
VLADIMIR PUTIN: No. This had not been pre-planned or prepared. It was done on the spot, and we had to play it by ear based on the situation and the demands at hand. But it was all performed promptly and professionally, I have to give you that.
Our task was not to conduct a full-fledged military operation there, but it was to ensure people’s safety and security and a comfortable environment to express their will. We did that. But it would not have been possible without the Crimeans’ own strong resolution.
Also, I must say that I didn’t add the concluding line to my Kremlin speech – about initiating a draft law on the inclusion of Crimea in the Russian Federation – until the very last day, last moment, because I was waiting for the referendum results. Polls and surveys are one thing, along with certain groups’ sentiments, but a referendum is the expression of the will of all the residents of an area. It was very important for me to know what their will was.
So when the voter turnout reached 83 percent and more than 96 percent supported Crimea’s inclusion in the Russian Federation, it became obvious that this decision was made by the majority, if not unanimously. In this situation, we couldn’t have done otherwise.
KIRILL KLEYMENOV: We’ll return to your Kremlin speech later. Now we have an opportunity to hear from Crimea.
MARIA SITTEL: Let’s invite Sevastopol, a hero city and a city of military glory – to join in our discussion. Our camera crew in Sevastopol, Dmitry Kaistro and Nikolai Dolgachyov.
DMITRY KAISTRO: Good afternoon, Mr President.
Good afternoon, colleagues and everybody who tuned in.
Sevastopol is indeed a city of Russian glory. There are hundreds of people gathered here, in the heart of the city, on Primorsky Boulevard. There are people from all walks of life, including navy and civilian personnel. These are people who voted for the accession of Crimea and Sevastopol to Russia.
We are currently working at two sites; this is not the only location. Another site is located very close to the sea. My colleague, Nikolai Dolgachyov, is working there.
NIKOLAI DOLGACHYOV: Here, on the very shore of the famous Sevastopol Bay where the Russian Black Sea Fleet is based and has been based for over 200 years, people have gathered from across Crimea. There are students and pensioners, veterans, workers, doctors and representatives of self-defence units. We are ready to talk.
Good afternoon, colleagues. Good afternoon, Mr President.
VLADIMIR PUTIN: Good afternoon.
NIKOLAI DOLGACHYOV: Primorsky Boulevard is indeed the heart of Sevastopol. The main symbols of the city are located right there. They are the Grafskaya Quay, a memorial to sunken ships, and Admiral Nakhimov Square, named after the navy man who fought and died as an infantry lieutenant. Local residents bring flowers to his statue every night. This is something you will see only here, in Sevastopol.
Sevastopol is a symbol, a fortress, a city full of special meaning for Russia’s destiny. And the people of Sevastopol have been contesting that meaning for a long 23 years, which concerns the right to speak Russian and the right to Russian values. They defended their rights. Almost the entire city voted in favour of joining Russia.
Today, Sevastopol residents came here to ask their questions. And they have many. Who would like to ask a question? Please introduce yourself.
LARISA MEDVEDEVA: The civilian personnel of the military units are very concerned about the fate of the Black Sea Fleet. For many of us, the fleet means work and people and the only unique artillery repair plant. What will happen to the Black Sea Fleet and other state-owned enterprises?
VLADIMIR PUTIN: You probably know better than anyone else in Russia that we had certain agreements with Ukraine on upgrading the fleet. Unfortunately, those agreements were not diligently fulfilled, if at all. We had many problems with upgrading the fleet. I hope there will be no such problems anymore and that the major part of modern vessels and support ships will be transferred from Novorossiysk to Sevastopol. This will give us an opportunity to even save some money. This is the first point.
Secondly, Crimea has good shipbuilding and ship-repairing potential. Therefore, a substantial amount of this work will be carried out in Crimean shipyards. The Russian Defence Ministry has already placed an order worth 5 billion rubles with one of the shipyards. We undoubtedly will be increasing this potential of Crimea because currently it is not in high demand, it is idle. This will take time, but we will, of course, move in this direction.
Certainly, Sevastopol is a city of Russian naval glory, which every Russian citizen knows. We will be guided by this understanding.
DMITRY KAISTRO: Indeed, so many different people live in Sevastopol, people from different walks of life, with different backgrounds and of different ethnicities. And the tragedy that is now happening in Ukraine has upset too many people. Sevastopol residents talk about this too.
So I would like to give you the floor as I can see you have questions. You can address one of them to the President.
QUESTION: Good afternoon Mr Putin. Ukraine is currently in a situation where there is a divide within families, not just between nations. I live in Sevastopol, while my sisters live in Ukraine. This is relevant for many Crimean families. Given the current state of affairs in Ukraine, we do not understand each other on many issues and have even become enemies. How can we remain friendly and brotherly nations?
VLADIMIR PUTIN: Make no mistake, this issue is highly relevant, and all of us are now guided by certain emotions. However, if we love and respect each other, we should find ways and means to understand each other. I think that it should be easier for a family than for a nation. But even if we are talking about relations between countries, I’m confident that we’ll find common ground with Ukraine and we’ll be there for one another. I hope that people in Ukraine will also understand that Russia could not do otherwise regarding Crimea.
There’s another issue I wanted to raise. I think it’ll be a recurrent one during today’s conversation. What I wanted to say is that if we respect each other, we should acknowledge that each of us has the right to make our own choices. People living in Ukraine should respect the choice made by Crimean residents. This is the first thing.
Second, Russia has always been close to Ukraine and will always remain closely related to it. I’m not talking about the assistance that Russia has been providing to Ukraine for many long years, and I’m sure that we’ll get back to that issue. This assistance adds up to hundreds of billions of dollars. But this is not the point. The point is that we have extensive common interests. If we want to succeed, we must cooperate and join efforts. I’m confident that we will understand this despite all the emotional complications we’re seeing today.
MARIA SITTEL: Another question from Sevastopol, please.
NIKOLAI DOLGACHYOV: It is highly symbolic that people from across Crimea joined us here in Sevastopol. Many of them view reunification with Russia as the end of the third siege of this Hero City. There were two historic sieges, one lasted 349 days during the Crimean War, and the other lasted for 250 days during the Great Patriotic War. Many people regard the last 23 years as the third siege of the city and the whole region. Now that Crimea’s dream of reunification has been fulfilled, there are naturally a lot of questions regarding the future. Let’s find out what questions local residents have.
YEVGENY KOSTYLEV: I would like to start by thanking you, Mr President, on behalf of all the people of Crimea, for the resolve you showed in helping us reunite with our motherland. We can now proudly call ourselves Russian citizens.
That said, the self-proclaimed Ukrainian government is doing its outmost to make life intolerable for the people of Crimea. For example, almost all banks have left Crimea, which means that we now have problems with exchanging hryvnas and people can’t make payments and transfers. Specifically, pensioners, who have been saving for many years for a rainy day, can’t withdraw their pension savings because Ukrainian banks are ignoring their requests and legitimate interests.
Mr President, my question is the following: How does the Russian Government intend to resolve this issue?
VLADIMIR PUTIN: This is currently one of the most urgent issues that has yet to be addressed. There are other issues as well, as you know, such as power and water supply. However, the problems with banking have not been fully resolved. We will seek to reach common ground with our Ukrainian partners. These efforts have so far been unsuccessful. Oschadbank and Privatbank with its owner Mr Kolomoisky and the head of the Crimean branch Mr Finkelstein are not willing to meet us halfway. Hryvna circulation is limited, so we have no other choice but to accelerate the transition to the ruble. The solution is to open accounts for individuals and legal entities and establish a new banking network. Doing this the right way takes time. I think that it will take us about one month to open the required number of accounts, roll out the network and equip it with modern technology.
You have also mentioned pensioners and public sector employees. I’m also aware of certain economic setbacks, but it will all pass. We’ll overcome all challenges.
As you know, pensioners and public sector employees will have equal incomes with Russian pensioners and public sector employees, and the Russian Government has already adopted a resolution to this effect. In order to prevent any sharp increases in the inflation rate and prices, which is happening in Crimea anyway, we decided to enforce this on a step-by-step basis in four stages: incomes of Crimean pensioners and public sector employees are to rise by 25% from April 1, by another 25% from May 1, and then another 25% on June 1 and 25% more on July 1. During this period incomes of pensioners and public sector employees will surge. For pensioners, income will soar 100%, which means that the gap between pensions in Russian and Crimea… In Russia, pensioners receive twice as much as in Crimea. The average pension in Russia will be 11,600 rubles this year, while in Crimea it is about 5,500 rubles. The same goes for public sector employees, who earn twice or even two and a half times more in Russia. Russian military personnel – and it should be mentioned that a lot of local residents will be serving in Crimea – earn four times as much as in Crimea.
All in all, I’m confident, I hope and believe that people in Crimea will feel the economic benefits of joining Russia, not to mention Crimea’s economy, infrastructure development in the tourism and travel industries. We’ll get back to those issues.
MARIA SITTEL: Mr President, Sevastopol mothers are asking for some details. For example, there is a question from Elizaveta Maslennikova: “Will a mother in Crimea or Sevastopol expecting her second child be entitled to maternity capital?”
VLADIMIR PUTIN: Of course. We believe that all benefits and preferences that were available to Crimean residents in Ukraine should remain in place. If some programmes do not exist or didn’t exist in Russia, we will keep those preferences in place by providing additional subsidies to the regional budget. Furthermore, residents of Crimea and Sevastopol will be able to benefit from all social norms and allocations that exist in Russia in accordance with applicable laws.
MARIA SITTEL: Thank you.
MARIA SITTEL: Sevastopol, one more question from you, please.
NIKOLAI DOLGACHYOV: There are a lot of people here. Please introduce yourself and ask your question.
QUESTION: Mr Putin, it is widely believed that Crimea is only good for vacationing and tourism. But what about our industry and agriculture? What steps will Russia take to develop all Crimea’s industries?
Another question: You promised to establish a free economic zone in Crimea. What will this mean for the average person?
VLADIMIR PUTIN: You are absolutely right that Crimea is associated with vacationing and tourism. But this isn’t the whole story. Crimea has very good industrial and agricultural potential and we’ll develop it. What does this consist of? There are viable businesses that require modernisation and additional investment, and we’ll certainly take care of that. I’ve mentioned shipbuilding and ship maintenance, but there are also other industrial centres and promising businesses. The infrastructure has fairly good development potential, including the port; there is an agricultural sector, and so on. Regrettably, agricultural output declined by 60 percent in 2013 in comparison to 1990. In 2013, Crimean agricultural enterprises produced only 40% of what had been their output in 1990. The agricultural sector also needs additional investment. There are many issues to be addressed. Rice farms, for example, use a lot of water, and water is currently a problem. This takes time and investment. We’ll take care of this as well. Regarding services, we shouldn’t forget that Crimea was always famous not only as a base for the Russian Black Sea Fleet but also as Russia’s and the USSR’s top health resort. We’ll develop this area as well. Regrettably, the holiday infrastructure, hotels and resorts have been decaying. Our specialists have inspected these businesses, recreation facilities, resorts and hotels, and have come to the conclusion that some of these, if not all, can’t be used under Russian sanitary and epidemiological standards.
When they asked how former vacationers could have put up with this sort of quality, they heard this odd – and shameful – answer: “It’s OK, we mostly had miners as guests here; it made no difference to them; they’d down half a glass of vodka and go to the beach.” But we can’t take this approach with Russian vacationers. This area will require additional investment as well. The free economic zone you mentioned is something that can provide Russian investors with certain privileges in order to encourage them to come to Crimea and Sevastopol and accelerate development.
Many local people have proposals of their own. I talked to Mr Alexei Chaly not too long ago and he suggested that we establish a development agency. We’ll certainly support this idea. I’m confident we’re on the right track and sure to achieve some positive and visible results.
MARIA SITTEL: Mr Putin, there is a fly in the ointment though. There are many SMS messages from people who are apprehensive that Crimea might lose its distinctiveness. They fear the arrival of big money, people who will put up hunting lodges and big castles, palaces and high fences where there used to be recreation areas and nature reserves, while neglecting to build a sewage system, which Crimea lacks to this day.
VLADIMIR PUTIN: There are enough castles and high fences there now. We’ve come face to face with this problem – regrettably. These palaces with fences mushroomed all over the place against the background of an astounding disregard for average holidaymakers. And the owners were the oligarchs or CEOs I mentioned earlier. All of this involved major violations of environmental legislation. I talked to Crimean leaders and the heads of Russia’s federal agencies today: we must do our best to approve timely decisions that end these development practices.
MARIA SITTEL: We have a text message on our programme’s website: “Who were these young men, after all? They looked a lot like Russians.”
VLADIMIR PUTIN: What young men?
MARIA SITTEL: Those polite young men.
KIRILL KLEYMENOV: The “little green men.”
VLADIMIR PUTIN: I have already spoken about this publicly on several occasions, perhaps not loud enough. However, in my conversations with my foreign colleagues I did not hide the fact that our goal was to ensure proper conditions for the people of Crimea to be able to freely express their will. And so we had to take the necessary measures in order to prevent the situation in Crimea unfolding the way it is now unfolding in southeastern Ukraine. We didn’t want any tanks, any nationalist combat units or people with extreme views armed with automatic weapons. Of course, the Russian servicemen did back the Crimean self-defence forces. They acted in a civil but a decisive and professional manner, as I’ve already said.
It was impossible to hold an open, honest, and dignified referendum and help people express their opinion in any other way. Still, bear in mind that there were more than 20,000 well-armed soldiers stationed in Crimea. In addition, there were 38 S-300 missile launchers, weapons depots and rounds of ammunition. It was imperative to prevent even the possibility of someone using these weapons against civilians.
MARIA SITTEL: After Sevastopol, let's bring in Russian Black Sea Fleet Commander Alexander Vitko. He’s in the sector covered by Dmitry Shchugorev.
DMITRY SHCHUGOREV: Mr Vitko, please go ahead with your question.
ALEXANDER VITKO: Comrade Commander-in-Chief, Black Sea Fleet Commander Vice Admiral Alexander Vitko.
VLADIMIR PUTIN: Where’s the commander’s commanding voice?
ALEXANDER VITKO: Before I ask my question, I’d like to take this opportunity to thank the Russian people and you personally, Comrade Commander-in-Chief, for the support provided to our fleet during that difficult period in Crimea.
Here’s my question. There were no major investments in Crimea’s military infrastructure over the past 23 years. It is in poor condition, to put it mildly. The housing situation is particularly difficult, especially for former servicemen of the Ukrainian Navy who are now enlisted in the Black Sea Fleet.
Comrade Commander-in-Chief, the results of your projects have become the pride of the Russian people. Will there be a presidential programme or a federal targeted programme for the Crimean troops similar to the programmes for the submarine base in Vilyuchinsk or Geoporta in Novorossiysk? Thank you.
VLADIMIR PUTIN: First, there will be a programme for the development of the Sevastopol Naval Base and the Black Sea Fleet in general. Of course, all social programmes that are implemented in the Russian Armed Forces, including permanent and service housing, will apply to the City of Sevastopol and the Black Sea Fleet.
KIRILL KLEYMENOV: Mr Putin, in your previous answer you mentioned Crimea’s self-defence forces. I can see several representatives of these forces in this studio. The officers of the Crimean Berkut and, of course, the Cossacks were the key players. There were many intense and dramatic moments, such as in Perekop where the Berkut was just a few hours quicker than the extremists who were bussed to Crimea, and this helped avoid a major tragedy.
KIRILL KLEYMENOV: I would like to ask my colleague Valeriya Korableva to give the floor to commander of Crimea’s Berkut riot police Yury Abisov. Go ahead, please.
VALERIYA KORABLEVA: Yes, let me say just a few words. Mr Abisov’s troops, as well as other regional Berktut units, stayed in Kiev during the most difficult time. At some point, they simply stopped receiving any orders. In other words, they were essentially abandoned. Colonel Abisov told me how they had to make decisions on their own, withdrew their soldiers under fire, took the wounded from hospitals and transported them to permanent garrisons – all that while their vehicles were being fired at.
YURY ABISOV: Good afternoon.
Mr President, here’s what I’d like to say. Our squad was in Kiev when the Maidan took power from Yanukovych. They burned us, threw stones and opened fire at us. Dozens of fighters were killed, hundreds were wounded, but we had an order not to shed blood. After that we were betrayed.
I have a question. You have known Mr Yanukovych for a long time, [you knew him] when he was President. Has he always been such a wimp and a turncoat? Thank you.
VLADIMIR PUTIN: You know, there is a Russian saying: “Heavy lies the crown.” The burden of responsibility on the shoulders of a head of state, whether large or small, is great. In critical moments, one relies on his or her own personal experience and moral values.
As for Mr Yanukovych, he fulfilled his duty in the way he considered possible and appropriate. Certainly, I spoke with him many times during the crisis and after he arrived in the Russian Federation. We talked about the possibility of using force, among other things. There can be different attitudes to this, but the essence of his answer was that he thought of using force many times but he said that he did not have the heart to sign the order to use force against his citizens.
As far as the Berkut is concerned, you and your colleagues undoubtedly fulfilled your duty honestly, professionally and honourably. This evokes respect for you and all your soldiers. After all, what happened to you and the way your colleagues are treated now in Kiev will come back to bite the Ukrainian state. You can’t humiliate the soldiers who protect the state’s interests, or force them to their knees, or malign them, or deprive them of medical assistance when they are in hospital. I know that Berkut officers who are in hospital do not receive proper treatment or even food.
Our numerous appeals to the Kiev authorities to allow us to take everyone in have gone unanswered. If a state treats people who honestly fulfil their duty like this, such a state can hardly count on others to behave similarly in the future.
Actually, this is what we are seeing now. I think that eventually everyone will realise how professionally and honourably you executed your order, and they will thank you for it.
KIRILL KLEYMENOV: Many of the callers point to historical allusions in the Ukrainian events. Valery Klimov from the Sverdlovsk Region described a concrete situation: “President of Chile Salvador Allende died fighting for his country, while the President of Ukraine fled his country. Would you fight to the bitter end for your country’s independence?”
VLADIMIR PUTIN: First, I don’t agree that Yanukovych fled. He had to leave, but he did not flee from Kiev; he was on a regional trip while the presidential administration and government buildings were taken over in Kiev in breach of a signed agreement.
When Yanukovych signed the agreement on February 21, which was guaranteed by three European foreign ministers from Poland, France and Germany, he believed that this agreement would be honoured. Under it, Yanukovych pledged not to use the army or other armed force against protesters and to pull the Interior Ministry units, including the Berkut, out of Kiev, while the opposition was to withdraw from the occupied administrative buildings, dismantle the barricades and disarm its fighters. Yanukovych agreed to hold early parliamentary elections, to return to the 2004 constitution and to hold presidential elections in December 2014. Had they wanted it, he would have agreed to hold presidential elections in a month or a month and a half, because he was ready to agree to anything. But as soon as he left Kiev and pulled the Interior Ministry units out of the city, the opposition renewed its attacks, seizing the presidential administration building, among other government buildings and accomplishing a coup d’état in the full and classical meaning of the word. No one can say why they did it, why they acted so unprofessionally and unwisely, and why they pushed the country towards the current situation. There is no answer.
As for me, you know that the decisions we take in a critical situation depend on our experience and values. You know that I worked for the Soviet Union’s KGB, or, more precisely, foreign intelligence, where we were trained in a specific manner that boils down to absolute loyalty to people and the country.
MARIA SITTEL: Clearly, the Ukrainian issue, the unconstitutional seizure of power and Crimea are the number one issues currently discussed. In Russian society, this topic has provoked heated debates. According to a poll, some 96 percent of Russians think your decision on Crimea was right. But there are those who do not agree.
Today we have representatives of both sides in this studio. Those who spoke in favour of it are Yury Bashmet, Denis Matsuyev and Karen Shakhnazarov. I suggest we give the floor to the people who are present here today.
TATYANA STOLYAROVA: Yes, it’s true. Let me remind you about a letter from Russian cultural figures who supported Vladimir Putin and Russia’s stance on Crimea. As of now, the letter has been signed by over 500 people. The letter received a strong public response.
Karen Shakhnazarov is here today in this studio. You signed the letter. How would you explain your view?
KAREN SHAKHNAZAROV: It was obvious to me, and I said so repeatedly. I have two reasons. The first reason is personal. Maybe it is not important to someone else, but it is to me. My late father was one of the soldiers who liberated Crimea. He was 20 at the time. He was a reconnaissance commander in an artillery brigade. He participated in the storm of Sevastopol. By the way, he was an ethnic Armenian. Neither he nor his comrades had any doubt that it was a Russian city. So he would not have understood me at all if I had taken any other stance.
The second reason is probably more important. In the circumstances when, as I see it, the Ukrainian statehood ceased to exist, there was no reason to deprive the people of Crimea of the right to determine their fate. Speaking of which, Mr Putin said that the Ukrainian parliament is partially legitimate. I don’t really agree with that because how can a parliament be legitimate if it abrogated its own constitution? I personally think there is no legitimate power in Ukraine now.
Therefore, the people of Crimea had every right to determine their destiny. Of course, I understand that it was a difficult decision which has many international and political implications.
So I have a question for you, Mr Putin. In the past 10 years, we have been forging ties with the People’s Republic of China, and I can see that the convergence is mutual. In this situation, is it possible to formalise this partnership as a military and political union?
VLADIMIR PUTIN: First of all, thank you for you stance on Crimea and your support.
Speaking of our relations with China, they are progressing very successfully in terms of trust and collaboration, which are unprecedented. This includes political cooperation and our shared views on international affairs and global security, which is the basis for these inter-governmental relations. We are neighbours and allies as well, in a sense. We have not raised the question of a military and political union.
Generally, I think that the bloc mentality is a thing of the past. NATO was established as a counterbalance to the Soviet Union and to the Soviet Union’s policy in Eastern Europe. The Warsaw Pact was signed in response. The Soviet Union ceased to exist, but NATO remains. We are told it is changing and becoming more of a political organisation. But Article 5 is still in effect, which is an article on mutual military support. Who does NATO act against? Why is it expanding towards our borders?
Are there plans to establish new blocs? I don’t know; we haven’t thought about this. But it is absolutely clear that we will be expanding collaboration with China. Our trade with the United States is 27.5 [billion], but trade with China is 87 billion, and it is growing. And experts will agree that China is gradually becoming the number one economic power. The question is when it will happen: in 15, 20 or 25 years. But everybody understands that it is inevitable.
With China’s population of almost 1.5 billion and its modernised economy, this is basically an accomplished fact. Therefore, we will certainly continue to develop relations with China. We have never had such trust-based relations in the military industry. We began holding joint drills at sea and on land, in both China and the Russian Federation. This gives us reason to assume that Russian-Chinese relations will be a significant factor in global policy and will substantially influence modern international relations.
MARIA SITTEL: Mr President, let us return to the open letter signed by prominent Russian cultural figures. What do you think of open letters in general, and of this particular situation personally, which sounds very much like a question from old Soviet times: artists, where do your loyalties lie?
VLADIMIR PUTIN: Let me repeat how much I appreciate everyone’s support for my policies on Crimea as well as on other issues. As for making public statements, I think this should be up to them. Take, for instance, Mr [Karen] Shakhnazarov – I have known him for years, but frankly had no idea about his political views. So it came as a big surprise to me when he spelled out our common stance on some issues so clearly, definitively and eloquently, and much more vividly than I ever do.
About collective letters – well I think they do no harm, but I would rather they not be orchestrated. I mean these things should speak from the heart and be spontaneous, rather than coolly organised by someone. This is something I do not support and never will.
KIRILL KLEYMENOV: Let us return to the on-going public debate on Crimea and Sevastopol’s accession to Russia. I see here in this studio Andrei Norkin, a well-know journalist and my colleague from 20 years ago. His statements on the issue could not pass unnoticed.
OLGA USHAKOVA: Yes. Andrei Norkin, journalist, Kommersant FM radio host.
Mr Norkin, I would like to ask you the following: you are known for your independent positions on various issues, but this time you spoke out in support of the Russian government’s actions in Crimea, causing a landslide of criticism from your colleagues. Why do you think your opinion is opposed this time around by the very people who have always shared your views?
ANDREI NORKIN: I would not say this is just about Crimea; the criticism largely came after the Dozhd TV channel events. You know that geopolitical issues are not even my biggest concern with Ukraine. I am more worried about how these events are being discussed in Russia, and what I hear is yet further proof that the problem I first encountered several years ago is still there. I am very much alarmed by the distorted world outlook many young people are developing.
Since I do not only work as a journalist, but also teach journalism, I can tell you that it takes a lot of effort to convince my future colleagues that, for example, the word patriot is not synonymous with idiot, or that Victory Day is not a "Colorado beetle celebration," as it is trendy to call it on social networks. Being trendy is crucial to them, because for teenagers, for adolescents, being part of a trend – complying with the standards accepted in their community – is extremely important. The Government seems to have abstained from addressing these trends, so to love our motherland just isn’t trendy these days.
Mr President, you have mentioned how you were raised and educated. As I was walking to this meeting, I thought I would talk about this, but the fact that our discussion naturally turned this way based on the events in Ukraine further convinces me that I am right. I have four children; two of them – a daughter and a son – are adults, and the other two are still in school. So I must say that schools have fully delegated the functions of upbringing to parents. But parents cannot be with their children all the time. So with my younger boys, I spent a lot of time trying to find a solution to this problem. Finally, I enrolled the older of them in a cadet school in a neighbouring town, and the youngest will go there as well. This school respects historical traditions. All teachers are military people or, at least liable for service, most of them men. So cadets not only receive a more profound education – there are five people in each class, not 35 – but they receive a different kind of guidance. They are taught to love their motherland and its history, to respect women and seniors and peers, and not to be afraid of physical work and pain. They are brought up to be men – honest, decent, honourable citizens of their country, the best part of its human reserve. The problem is, such schools are few – if I remember correctly, there are about 15 in Moscow and Moscow Region.
Therefore, my question is – do you think it would be a good idea to create legislation about this format of education, cadet schools? I know that these things are not done overnight, but is it possible to set up, say, regional funds that would provide financial assistance to families who want to send their children to cadet schools? This I think could make it trendy again to love our motherland.
VLADIMIR PUTIN: Firstly, about your statement that it is not trendy to love our motherland – you must be talking about some specific group of young people you deal with.
ANDREI NORKIN: Well I mentioned my journalistic experience.
VLADIMIR PUTIN: Look at how the events in Crimea and Sevastopol shook society. It turned out that patriotism is still out there, somewhere, only we are not always aware of it. Yet, it is an integral part of our people, part of our identity. On the other hand, it speaks well that you, a journalist, are alarmed to see this lack of love for the motherland or patriotism as an old-fashioned value. If this troubles you, it means you have this deep inside, and that’s why you have sent your son to a cadet school.
Do we need to adopt a special law on this? We’ll have to look at the legal framework for education that we have. I agree with you that this is a step in the right direction, but we’ll have to think if we need to add a new law. I am not ready to say anything right now. But I promise that we’ll give it a look and it is definitely a good idea to further develop this form of education. You are right. Your family is well-off, and you sent your son to that school. But it is even more important for families who have problems, such as loss of breadwinner – especially if the father was a military serviceman – to raise their children and teach them the right attitudes. We’ll certainly look at this again, also from the financial perspective. By the way we are planning to establish more schools in Crimea, including cadet schools. Thank you.
MARIA SITTEL: Mr Putin, as you probably know, those who disagree with you are speaking out loudly using various platforms. Some have taken a very aggressive stand, asking the West to teach Russia a bloody lesson…
VLADIMIR PUTIN: Bloody? Is that so?
MARIA SITTEL: Yes. There are people who are openly calling for our soldiers to be fired upon, while others publish lists of Russians who should be sanctioned in US newspapers.
VLADIMIR PUTIN: That’s true.
MARIA SITTEL: This is to say that there are differing views. And today there are people who hold such views here in the studio. Let’s give the floor to Tatyana Stolyarova’s section so that they can express their views.
TATYANA STOLYAROVA: I would like to remind you that those who have spoken out against Russia’s position on Crimea are an absolute minority. The opinion polls have already been mentioned today. That said, there are high-profile people, politicians, musicians and actors among them and their voices are heard.
Here with us today is Irina Khakamada. What’s your opinion?
The question is …
VLADIMIR PUTIN: Ira, are you really against our position on Crimea? Why has this label been pinned on you?
TATYANA STOLYAROVA: We would like to hear your perspective on why this dispute has emerged in Russian society?
IRINA KHAKAMADA: Mr Putin, this is not the first time that I’ve been labelled, so don’t worry. By the way, this is a sign that we need to put an end to the information warfare. You simply can’t keep using such stereotypes to label people who are trying to oppose you in an intelligent way.
What I wanted to say is that Crimea has always aspired to a Russian identity. I have visited Crimea on numerous occasions. Even during the years of relative calm, when the “blue” were replaced by the “orange” and vice-versa, nobody actually touched Crimea, but its residents have always sought to be part of Russia. Whatever happened, happened. In any case, you are the winner. You conducted a stunning operation without a single shot being fired. I would like to congratulate you on honestly acknowledging that the “green men” were Russian military who protected the Russians in a peaceful manner. It is very important to state such things in public so that there is no speculation. As the winner, you’ve done even more to seek compromise. Today, for the first time your representative, the Foreign Minister, is meeting with and talking to representative of the Ukrainian authorities, or whatever you want to call them, but they are the only counterpart available to discuss peace. Time magazine has named you the most influential politician in the world.
I don’t think that we started this war. But only those who won the war without starting it can put an end to it. The sooner it happens, the better, since ordinary people will soon feel, even in Crimea, that their lives depend greatly on what’s happening in Ukraine. Ordinary people are suffering and feeling the consequences of having to fight against their own people. I believe that everything now depends on you, on Russia. Now is the crucial moment. I’m telling you this as a former politician, I have a sense of when the time is right politically.
My question is the following. Europe has been left by the wayside. It has never solved any problems. Europe doesn’t like solving problems because it has grown used to living in peace. The dialogue is between Russia and the United States. The US is ready to pay one billion dollars to ensure that the elections are held on May 25. Russia insists on a referendum or regionalisation, or convening a constitutional assembly to draft a new Ukrainian constitution and holding elections only after that.
It is my firm belief that the war will engulf the entire post-Soviet space if both parties continue to insist on their positions. No one needs this – not Russians, the people of Crimea, which is now part of Russia, Ukrainians, or the east of Ukraine. The regionalisation of Ukraine is a compromise, which means providing the eastern and southern regions of Ukraine with the ability to speak Russian, elect local governments and live in peace. At the same time, there is an understanding that elections should be held as soon as possible to calm tensions. In your opinion, could Russia put forward a proposal that would facilitate a compromise with the US? So that elections are held on May 25, while at the same time all guaranteeing parties agree before May 25 on the future regionalisation of Ukraine through negotiations or any other diplomatic means.
VLADIMIR PUTIN: Is there a possibility of Russia reaching a compromise with the US on Ukraine? A compromise should be reached by the various political forces in Ukraine, not third parties. This is actually the key issue here. We can only support and accompany this process.
Regarding the question of what should come first: a constitutional referendum followed by elections, or elections first to stabilise the situation and then a referendum. The essential issue is how to ensure the legitimate rights and interests of ethnic Russians and Russian speakers in the southeast of Ukraine. I would like to remind you that what was called Novorossiya (New Russia) back in the tsarist days – Kharkov, Lugansk, Donetsk, Kherson, Nikolayev and Odessa – were not part of Ukraine back then. These territories were given to Ukraine in the 1920s by the Soviet government. Why? Who knows. They were won by Potyomkin and Catherine the Great in a series of well-known wars. The centre of that territory was Novorossiysk, so the region is called Novorossiya. Russia lost these territories for various reasons, but the people remained.
Today, they live in Ukraine, and they should be full citizens of their country. That’s what this is all about. The issue is not whether the referendum on decentralisation or federalisation is followed by elections or the elections come before the architecture of the state is changed. The key issue is providing guarantees to these people. Our role is to facilitate a solution in Ukraine, to ensure that there are guarantees. People from southeast Ukraine will ask you, will ask us and the current authorities in Kiev: “Fine, the elections will be held on May 25, but do you want us to recognise their outcome? You’ll forget your promises the very next day and send new oligarchs to Donetsk, Kharkov, Lugansk, and so on. What about guarantees? We need answers.” I hope that an answer will be found.
KIRILL KLEYMENOV: I suggest that we turn it over to another woman with a bold position. We have Irina Prokhorova in our studio.
VALERIYA KORABLEVA: Irina Prokhorova, the leader of the Civic Platform party and editor-in-chief of the New Literary Review magazine.
IRINA PROKHOROVA: Good afternoon, Mr President.
You know, I'll give it a light cultural twist, although it will still concern Crimea. Remember, when Gerard Depardieu was trying to obtain Russian citizenship, he confessed his love for Russia, referring to Russia mostly as a country of great culture. Lately, and the Crimean events have triggered this, we see that not only the budget to support culture and education has been steadily declining, but cultural figures who express a somewhat different position are being persecuted as well. We are witnessing the early stages of persecution of contemporary art, which is being blamed for all imaginable and unimaginable sins. Laws are being drafted that actually reduce culture to the level of a servant of ideology. We’ve been there, and it has always been a terrible blow not only to culture and education in the narrow sense of the word, but it had sad consequences for society as well. I believe that this internal division that is being carried out by society itself when people voicing other positions are denied the right to be called patriots or people who care about their country is profoundly unfair. After all, you admitted that the decision regarding Crimea was difficult. It was not a celebratory decision, but a necessary step. Thus, the fears of the people who are concerned about the ensuing complications for their own country are quite understandable.
Don’t you think that this internal bitterness in society which, unfortunately, is frequently fuelled by politicians, in particular, members of parliament, who love to flaunt lofty words, undermines the foundations of our truly multi-ethnic culture? Won’t Russia lose its status of a great cultural power if things keep going down that road?
VLADIMIR PUTIN: Thank you for your question.
Frankly, I do not see any particular changes with this situation. Nothing that would stand out even in connection with the events in Crimea and Sevastopol. Admittedly, there is a conflict of motives and viewpoints, but no one is preventing anyone to state them. No one is being arrested, put behind bars or sent to labour camps as in 1937. People who express their opinions are, thank God, alive, in good health and engage in their professional activities. However, some members of the Russian intelligentsia are unaccustomed to the fact that they might meet resistance or have someone else express a different position and disagree with their position. Some people believe that whatever they say is the ultimate truth, and there’s no way that things can be any different, so when they get something in response, it causes a strong emotional reaction.
With regard to the situation in Crimea in recent months, I heard and read that some want their country to lose and think that this is a good thing. Here, too, there is certain continuity. As is known, during the First World War the Bolsheviks also wanted the Russian government and Russia in general to lose and the situation quickly got out of hand, which led to the revolution. There is some sort of historical continuity here, not the best, though. However, I agree that in any case we should not slip into some extreme forms of dealing with each other’s views or cast aspersions on people for their opinions. I will do my best to prevent this from happening.
KIRILL KLEYMENOV: We have been on the air for just over an hour now. Let’s take some phone calls. Our colleague, Tatyana Remezova, is at the call centre, which also receives text messages. Tatyana, please, go ahead.
TATYANA REMEZOVA: Thank you, colleagues. We have received a huge number of calls about Ukraine. People are calling from Ukraine and also from Crimea and other Russian regions that border Ukraine. But not only from there. People are calling from all of Russia. Here is a call from the village of Pivovarikha, in Irkutsk Region.
Roman Kuznetzov, good afternoon. You're on the air.
ROMAN KUZNETSOV: Good afternoon, Mr Putin. My name is Roman.
VLADIMIR PUTIN: Hello, Roman.
ROMAN KUZNETSOV: Are you planning to send a limited contingent of troops to southeastern Ukraine to protect its Russian-speaking population? Thank you.
VLADIMIR PUTIN: You know, despite the events in Crimea, we should not lose our heads, but should proceed from realities. What are these realities today? First, we must admit that the ethnic composition of Crimea differs from that of southeastern Ukraine. These territories, as I just said, were transferred to Ukraine in the mid-1920s, and in 1954, Crimea was annexed to Ukraine for some reason as well.
The ethnic composition of the population there is approximately 50-50. I have already mentioned that the final decision to return Crimea to the Russian Federation was only based on the results of the referendum. When I saw these results, and saw for myself that almost all residents voted for joining Russia, I repeat, we had no other choice and there could have been no other decision.
As for what is happening in southeastern Ukraine, we don’t know for sure. But we believe that we ought to do everything we can to help these people defend their rights and determine their fate on their own. This is what we will fight for. Let me remind you that the Federation Council of Russia gave the President the right to use the Armed Forces in Ukraine. I very much hope that I will not have to exercise this right and that, through political and diplomatic means, we will be able to resolve all the pressing, if not to say burning, issues in Ukraine.
MARIA SITTEL: Mr President, there is a difficult situation right now not only in the southeastern regions of Ukraine, but also in Transnistria. It is blocked by Moldova on one side and by the newly self-proclaimed Kiev authorities on the other. Here’s a text message: “What are ways to resolve the current situation in Transnistria and what is Russia’s stance on it?” I would like to recall that just yesterday its parliament asked Russia to recognise the republic’s independence.
VLADIMIR PUTIN: This is one of the most complex problems that we inherited after the collapse of the Soviet Union. First of all, the population of the republic is over 500,000 people, if I’m not mistaken. People there express pro-Russian sentiments and a large number of Russian citizens live in Transnistria. They have their own views on how to build their future and their fate. It would be nothing more than a display of democracy if we were to allow those people do as they wish. Of course, we need to maintain dialogue with both Moldova and Ukraine, to boost talks within the 5+2 format, which includes Moldova, Transnistria and five other states that are taking part in the settlement process. I think that the blockade should be lifted without delay; the residents of the republic are feeling its negative consequences both on the part of Moldova and Ukraine. Nationalist armed groups have already gathered on the border between Transnistria and Ukraine; such developments must be stopped without delay. In the long run, people should be allowed to decide their own destiny. This is what we and our partners are going to work on, taking into account the interests of the residents of Transnistria, of course.
MARIA SITTEL: Tatyana, over to you.
TATYANA REMEZOVA: Mr President, there was a caller with another very interesting question. I will read the message: “Russia has annexed Crimea by force. Does that mean that power is the only guarantee of a state's sovereignty these days?”
VLADIMIR PUTIN: Russia did not annex Crimea by force. Russia created conditions – with the help of special armed groups and the Armed Forces, I will say it straight – but only for the free expression of the will of the people living in Crimea and Sevastopol. It was the people themselves who made this decision. Russia answered their call and welcomed the decision of Crimea and Sevastopol. This was natural, and it could not have been any other way.
As for the power factor in international relations, it has always existed and will always exist. That’s a different issue, and the thing is that countries, taking into account that power plays a significant role in international affairs, should develop and strengthen, based on their common sense, such rules of conduct which would be stable and would allow for negotiating, compromising and balancing the interests of a state and its people on the international arena without using this power.
The events in Crimea themselves have nothing to do with this. Let’s recall what happened in Iraq, Afghanistan, Libya and other regions. In my opinion, when the world becomes unipolar, or when someone tries to make it so, then this one pole has the illusion that all issues can be settled through power. And only when there is a balance of power does the desire to negotiate appears. I hope that we will be moving along the path to strengthen international law.
MARIA SITTEL: Thank you.
MARIA SITTEL: Mr Putin, just a few minutes for our new format – video questions. Anna Pavlova, please.
ANNA PAVLOVA: Thank you. Our video centre is receiving a lot of questions on the Ukrainian crisis as well; many people are concerned about our future relations with our neighbours, given the latest events. To continue, let’s watch a video question sent by Sergei Lukas from St Petersburg.
SERGEI LUKAS: Mr Putin, who stands to profit from the overblown myth that Russia’s Armed Forces are preparing for an invasion in Ukraine? What goals are pursued by those who want to set us against our brothers, neighbours and European partners? And can we openly invite all those willing to visit our cross-border regions? Thank you.
VLADIMIR PUTIN: The intention to split Russia and Ukraine, to separate what is essentially a single nation in many ways, has been an issue of international politics for centuries. If you recall the statements uttered by the White movement leaders, you’ll see that regardless their political disagreements with the Bolsheviks, they never had even the slightest thought about a possible division between Ukraine and Russia, as they always perceived them as part of a common, united space and a single nation. And they were absolutely right.
But today we’re are living in separate countries. And, unfortunately, this policy of division, of pulling apart and weakening both parts of a single nation continues. There are enough forces in the world that are afraid of our strength, “our hugeness,” as one of our sovereigns said. So, they seek to divide us into parts, this is a well-known fact. Look at what they did with Yugoslavia: they cut it into small pieces and are now manipulating everything that can be manipulated there, which is almost anything. Apparently, someone would like to do the same with us, and if you look at what’s happening, you’ll be able to answer your own question about who is doing what.
MARIA SITTEL: Mr President, there are millions of ethnic Russians living in Ukraine. After the events in Crimea, the new authorities regard them as outcasts. Ms Tymoshenko even urged her supporters to take up arms and deal with them.
KIRILL KLEYMYONOV: The “damned Russians.”
MARIA SITTEL: Yes, exactly. There are many utterances of this sort and a huge number – actually the majority – of questions about the fate of ethnic Russians in Ukraine.
Let us give the floor to Mr Lukyanenko, a writer, who has a question on this topic.
DMITRY SHCHUGOREV: Sergei Lukyanenko is a well-known writer, who denounced Ukraine as a damned land after the bloodletting on the Maidan in February, which no one wants to investigate, and responded to his Ukrainian colleagues’ reproaches by banning his books from being translated and published in Ukraine.
What is your question, Mr Lukyanenko?
SERGEI LUKYANENKO: Mr President, Ukraine has developed as a state hostile to Russia for 23 years…
VLADIMIR PUTIN: I beg your pardon?
SERGEI LUKYANENKO: I say that Ukraine has developed as a state hostile to Russia for the last 23 years. There was even a saying to this effect: “Ukraine is not Russia.” The most horrible thing is that these seeds have borne fruit. We see what is happening: the country is being plunged into nationalist, if not fascist, hysteria. The authorities are sending army units and punitive squads to southeastern Ukraine. And the most glaring thing, as I see it, is that Russia’s position is being ignored by the West and hushed up in Ukraine.
How, in your opinion, can we bring our point of view across? And is this even possible? Can we convince the West to listen to us and understand us? Sometimes I have the impression that we are unable to get through to them.
VLADIMIR PUTIN: You know, Sergei (may I call you Sergei?), I don’t agree with you. I know you as one of the best modern writers – a widely read and widely published one. But I can’t agree that Ukraine is a damned land; please don't use this expression with regard to Ukraine. Ukraine is a long-suffering land; it’s a very complicated community and a long-suffering one in the direct sense of the word. Nationalism and even neo-Nazism are experiencing a resurgence in western Ukraine. But you know well the history of this territory and its people. Some of these territories were part of Czechoslovakia, some of Hungary, some of Austro-Hungary and some of Poland, where they were never full-fledged citizens. You know, something has always been growing in their heart of hearts.
Some people seem to believe that it is this circumstance – because these territories were former possessions of several present-day EU countries – that imbues them with some special European substance. That they were second-rate citizens in those states seems to have been forgotten, but this still lurks in their historical memory, under the crust, deep down in their hearts, see? It’s where their nationalism comes from, I think.
Central, eastern and southeastern Ukraine is another matter. I’ve just mentioned this area, New Russia, which has intertwined its roots with those of the Russian state. The local people have a somewhat different mentality. They found themselves part of present-day Ukraine, which had been pieced together in the Soviet period. Of course, it is difficult for them to establish proper relations and to understand each other. But we should help them to do so as much as we can.
What, under the circumstances, is our role, the role of a good neighbour and the closest relative? Will our overseas partners and partners in Europe hear us? I hope they will. But at the same time – I have just said as much – there are certain apprehensions with regard to Russia itself, its huge territory, its potential growth and power. This is why they prefer to cut us to size and take us to pieces. Will our partners hear us in this case? I’ve just said what they are largely being guided by, but I think they should hear us, because in the burgeoning modern world, keeping in mind its development trends in the short historical term and in the longer historical term, this world, the whole of Europe, as I said, from Lisbon to Vladivostok, should unite to be competitive and viable in the rapidly developing world. This is an extremely important circumstance. I hope that our partners will hear and understand us.
KIRILL KLEYMENOV: Mr Putin, the questions about Ukraine are quite prevalent on the Direct Line website. I browsed through the most frequent ones over the past minutes and found some repeated ones.
VLADIMIR PUTIN: Just a moment.
Sergei, please, there is no need to ban your books from being published anywhere, including Ukraine. It’s not about money but the fact that you are one of Russia’s most outstanding authors, part of Russian culture. And we must promote Russian culture there instead of removing it, all right?
SERGEI LUKYANENKO: Right, then I agree.
VLADIMIR PUTIN: Thank you.
KIRILL KLEYMENOV: I found another very typical question on our programme’s website. It is a question from Alexander Zhabinsky, Moscow Region. Here it is: “We refuse to negotiate with the current Kiev authorities. We think they are illegitimate. We doubt the legitimacy of the presidential election scheduled for May. We could continue ignoring them, but Ukraine will not just float away from the Russian border. We will have to deal with these officials eventually, legitimate or not. Perhaps it would be better not to waste time and start talks with the potential winners of the presidential race?”
VLADIMIR PUTIN: We do believe the current authorities are illegitimate. They cannot be legitimate as they do not have a national mandate for running the country, which speaks for itself. At the same time, we do not refuse to deal with them. We stay in touch at the ministerial level. Our ministers continue relations with their Ukrainian counterparts. Mr Medvedev talked to Mr Yatsenyuk. Mr Naryshkin talked to Mr Turchynov. They stay in touch. Speaking of the presidential candidates, you know what is going on with the presidential race. What is happening is absolutely unacceptable. If it goes on like this, we will not be able to recognise anything that happens after May 25 as legitimate.
How can this election be legitimate when candidates from the east are being assaulted, spattered with ink and kept from meeting with voters? What kind of election campaign is this? And that’s to say nothing of the Ukrainian constitution. Irina Khakamada had a question about the legitimacy of the election according to the Ukrainian constitution. Without changes to the constitution, the new election cannot be held because Mr Yanukovych remains the incumbent president. According to the constitution, a new president cannot be elected if there is a living incumbent and legitimate president. So if we want the election to be legitimate, the constitution must be changed. Only then can we talk about federalisation and decentralisation. This is what common sense tells me.
We could, of course, continue to act despite common sense, although I don’t know where that would lead us. But we stay in touch with everyone. Mr Poroshenko is currently a leading candidate. A substantial part of his business takes place in Russia. His company produces sweets that many of you have probably eaten without even knowing that Poroshenko owns the factory and that he is running for president.
I know Ms Tymoshenko very well. Even though she calls for Russians to be “destroyed by nuclear weapon”, I think she said that while having some sort of emotional breakdown. But I know her quite well. By the way, she signed the gas contract that her fellow party members and other contract parties are refusing to honour. However, at some point, we had good business relations with her. I have not met any candidates from the east – Tsarev and former Kharkov Governor – but we generally understand what kind of people they are. And we will definitely work with all of them.
MARIA SITTEL: Could I say something please.
Mr President, the Maidan campaign against the southeast is unconstitutional as well. This is also against…
VLADIMIR PUTIN: Excuse me, please. Now there is pressure on the people in the southeast to lay down their arms, but I say to our partners: “This is a proper, correct approach, but pull the military back from the civilians then.” They have gone completely mad: bringing in tanks, armoured vehicles (I’m looking at the TV screen) and cannons. What do they intend to do with cannons? Have they completely gone mad?
KIRILL KLEYMENOV: The multiple launch rocket system.
VLADIMIR PUTIN: The multiple launch rocket system, combat aircraft and fighters in the air. Have they lost their minds? And what’s next? Nationalist armed groups are coming. All right, suppose the east will disarm, let’s assume the army will withdraw – why have the nationalist groups not been disarmed yet? And later they’ll say they can’t do anything.
How can the people in the east be disarmed, when Berkut officers, employees of the Interior Ministry and even some military units change sides? The issue should be resolved otherwise. It should be resolved through compromise and guaranteeing people’s legitimate rights.
MARIA SITTEL: But no one is willing to compromise. With whom can we find an agreement? You say there must be guarantees, but who will provide them? The United States, the West, the EU leaders, the self-appointed Maidan authorities? Who?
VLADIMIR PUTIN: It’s necessary to find an agreement with those who think they are in power in Kiev now. They should rely on common sense and reality.
MARIA SITTEL: Thank you.
KIRILL KLEYMENOV: There are people on the sanctions list in this studio. Probably some of them don’t even know they’ve been blacklisted. But Dmitry Kiselev knows for sure that his name is on the list. Valeria, go ahead, please.
VALERIA KORABLEVA: Dmitry Kiselev, Director General of the Rossiya Segodnya Information Agency.
DMITRY KISELEV: Good afternoon, Mr Putin. They’ve promised us the video question format, and I was eager to support it in some way. But since we’re having some technical problems, I’ll create an image with my fingers.
Here’s a ring, and it seems to me our country is inside it. I have a feeling that someone is stifling me. I think this is NATO because it is spreading like a cancerous tumour. In the past 25 years, this bloc has literally swallowed our Warsaw Treaty allies, then some parts of the Soviet Union, and the Baltic states. It has opened its jaws to swallow Georgia and now Ukraine as well.
Officials at the NATO headquarters say that it would make sense to admit Ukraine into NATO as well, whereas you’re saying that the bloc system is dying out. I cannot agree with that because I feel this bloc is stifling me.
Of course, you can call me paranoid, to attribute this to paranoia. But even if someone has paranoia, it doesn’t mean he isn’t harassed. So it’s not about me, but about NATO’s expansion. Where is the red line? Does it exist at all? And what do you feel as the national leader? Nothing personal, Mr Putin. Thank you.
VLADIMIR PUTIN: We’ll strangle all of them ourselves! Why are you so afraid? (Applause.)
DMITRY KISELEV: No, I’m not afraid, of course. I just want to know where the red line is and where to stop. Are there limits, and who will define them? Thank you.
VLADIMIR PUTIN: We aren’t afraid – neither me nor anyone else. Nobody should be afraid, but we must proceed from reality. As for reality, you’ve just described it rather vividly in your brilliant manner and given us the creeps in some way. Let me repeat that I wouldn’t fear anything, but we must assess the situation realistically. So what is it like? You’ve conjured up the image.
At one time, we were promised (I mentioned this at the Munich security conference) that after Germany’s unification, NATO wouldn’t spread eastward. The then NATO Secretary-General told us that the alliance wouldn’t expand beyond its eastern borders. However, it started expanding by incorporating former Warsaw Treaty member-countries and later on, the Baltic states, former Soviet republics.
I used to say at one time: “Why are you doing this? Do you want to ensure the security of these countries? Do you think someone may attack them? Well, it’s enough to sign a bilateral treaty on friendship and mutual assistance, including military aid, and their security will be ensured.” I heard in response: “This doesn’t concern you. Nations and countries have the right to choose a way of ensuring their security themselves.”
All right, this is true. But it is also true that when the infrastructure of a military bloc approaches our borders, we have grounds for certain apprehensions and questions. We must take certain steps, and this is also true; nobody can deny us this right. And this compels us to counteract.
I’ll use this opportunity to say a few words about our talks on missile defence. This issue is no less, and probably even more important, than NATO’s eastward expansion. Incidentally, our decision on Crimea was partially prompted by this.
Needless to say, first and foremost we wanted to support the residents of Crimea, but we also followed certain logic: If we don’t do anything, Ukraine will be drawn into NATO sometime in the future. We’ll be told: “This doesn’t concern you,” and NATO ships will dock in Sevastopol, the city of Russia’s naval glory.
But it isn’t even the emotional side of the issue. The point is that Crimea protrudes into the Black Sea, being in its centre, as it were. However, in military terms, it doesn’t have the importance it used to have in the 18th and 19th centuries – I’m referring to modern strike forces, including coastal ones.
But if NATO troops walk in, they will immediately deploy these forces there. Such a move would be geopolitically sensitive for us because, in this case, Russia would be practically ousted from the Black Sea area. We’d be left with just a small coastline of 450 or 600km, and that’s it!
In this way, Russia may be really ousted from this region that is extremely important for us, a region for which so many Russians gave up their lives during all the previous centuries. This is a serious thing. So we shouldn’t fear anything but we must consider these circumstances and react accordingly.
As I’ve just said, the same is happening with our talks on the deployment of US missile defence elements. This is not a defensive system, but part of the offensive potential deployed far away from home. Again we’re being told: “This is not against you.”
However, at the expert level, everyone understands very well that if these systems are deployed closer to our borders, our ground-based strategic missiles will be within their striking range. Everyone is well aware of this, but we’re being told: “Please believe us, this is not against you.”
Our American partners have turned down our proposal to sign even some trifling legal paper that would say that these systems are not directed against us. Surprising as it is, but this is a fact. Naturally, we are bound to ask: “And why do you refuse to sign anything if you believe this is not directed against us?”
It would seem a trifle – a piece of paper that could be signed today and thrown away tomorrow – but they are reluctant to do even that. If they deploy these elements in Europe, we’ll have to do something in response, as we’ve said so many times. But this means an escalation of the arms race! Why do this?
It would be much better to look at this issue and determine if there are missile threats from some directions and decide how this system should be controlled or accessed. It would be sensible to do it together, but no, they don’t want that.
Naturally, we’ll continue these talks with patience and persistence, but in any event, we’ll do everything to guarantee the security of the Russian people, and I’m sure we’ll succeed.
KIRILL KLEYMENOV: Mr President, our people, who continue to call in and write to us, want to know the price of our victory in Crimea. Has Russia taken on an unbearable burden by incorporating Crimea?
VLADIMIR PUTIN: Do they mean related expenditures?
KIRILL KLEYMENOV: Yes, primarily financial outlays.
VLADIMIR PUTIN: Well, speaking about the price of victory and other spending, I can tell you that, unfortunately, the physical infrastructure of Crimea, including its resorts, is in a bad state and we will need to invest heavily in it. We will also have to invest in increasing pensions and public sector wages, and in the development of Crimea’s economy, including agriculture.
What kind of money am I talking about? Take pensioners and public sector employees. The spending obligations of Russia’s Pension Fund are about 6 trillion rubles. Not counting allocations for the payment of maternity capital and other social benefits, pensions proper account for 4.5 trillion rubles. How much should we allocate this year to help Crimean pensioners? 28 billion rubles. Is this a lot or a little? It may seem like a huge sum, but compared to 4.5 trillion this is a low number. Spending on public sector employees [in Crimea] amounts to only 16.5 billion, which is entirely doable. Apart from infrastructure, we will also have to make other spending choices. We will not need to divert money from other programmes, because we have an additional government reserve fund in the amount of 245 billion, or slightly less, 240 billion rubles for this year. I don’t think that subsidies for all Crimean programmes will be more than 100 billion.
KIRILL KLEYMENOV: But what about the bridge, electricity and other things?
VLADIMIR PUTIN: A bridge is a vital element, or it could be a tunnel – we have not decided yet because the issue should be assessed by experts. Some say a tunnel is a more flexible structure, but experts point to the tectonic faults in the area. So we should consider this issue very carefully, because no matter what we choose – a bridge, several bridges or a tunnel – the project will require not only financing but also time. It cannot be accomplished within a year. We have been talking about current spending, but I am absolutely confident that in future, and even in the near or medium term, Crimea will become a donor region. It will go from a region that needs federal subsidies to a self-sufficient region and then a donor region. I can tell you frankly – I think my former colleagues, the Ukrainian leaders, will not resent this: they told me candidly that they deliberately turned Crimea into a subsidised region by taking more money from it than from other regions to redistribute among other regions where the situation was especially difficult.
KIRILL KLEIMENOV: You know, the Crimean issue has taken on a new dimension we didn’t expect. I’ll read out just one of many similar messages. It arrived from Sergei Bibartsev, a pensioner who lives in Krasnoyarsk Region: “At a teacher’s meeting today my wife was told – and she is a teacher at Secondary School No 71 in the village of Kedrovy – that teachers’ salaries will be cut by 20 percent as of May because of Crimea’s reunification with the Russian Federation.”
VLADIMIR PUTIN: Crooks!
KIRILL KLEIMENOV: “Is this true or not? And why by 20 percent?” Teachers, as everyone knows, are under the jurisdiction of the local authorities. Perhaps…
VLADIMIR PUTIN: No. Schools are run at the municipal level, and they are supported by the regions. This is, of course, a false statement that has nothing to do with reality.
KIRILL KLEIMENOV: We have received numerous similar messages from various regions.
VLADIMIR PUTIN: Well, I want people to hear me and we will later look at all of the incoming information and sort it all out. As I’ve already said, we have no need to reduce any of our social programmes and guarantees. I’d like to repeat this with full responsibility and warrant that not a single social programme adopted by Russia and funded out of the Russian budget will be reduced. All of the resources are available. Everything we need for the people of Crimea will come from the Government’s reserve funds and will not affect any of our social programmes.
KIRILL KLEIMENOV: Where should people go to complain if they get such…
VLADIMIR PUTIN: Well, they have complained now and we’ll try to react.
KIRILL KLEIMENOV: Good. Pensioners are similarly worried, saying: “We’ve been promised that pensions would increase by 3 percent as of April, but they were increased by just 1.7 percent. We think that this is connected with Crimea,” Irina Shalygina wrote from the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Area.
VLADIMIR PUTIN: I repeat that this is not in any way connected with Crimea or Sevastopol. It is linked with inflation, the level of inflation and the level of Pension Fund revenues. Under the laws of the Russian Federation, pensions are adjusted for inflation twice a year – in February and in April. I don’t remember that the Government publicly and officially announced that pensions would go up by 3 percent in April.
Opinions were divided in the Government on that score. They debated the issue and in the end, they acted in line with the law.
Under the law, adjusting pensions for inflation is implemented in accordance with accrued inflation and the Pension Fund revenues. In February, pensions were adjusted by 6.5 percent and in April by 1.7 percent. Of course, this is a modest increase, but it is still better than a cut. That is number one.
Number two. This is clearly not sufficient, but if we add 6.5 percent and 1.7 percent, we get 8.2 percent, don’t we? That is still higher than inflation this year. The target is 6 percent, although it will probably be 6.5 percent. However, it is not yet 8.2 percent. This is what the Government should keep an eye on.
In general, we should continue thinking and moving to raise the incomes of our pensioners. This is obvious.
MARIA SITTEL: More from anxious pensioners. “If the West refuses to purchase gas from Russia, how will that affect people’s well-being, especially that of pensioners?” – Lyudmila Budarina, Tambov Region.
VLADIMIR PUTIN: I have to say that oil and gas revenues make up a large part of the Russian budget revenue. This is a serious component for us in addressing economic development, budget funding for our development programmes and, of course, and meeting of our social commitments to our citizens.
I’ll tell you what. I am not sure that I’ll get the figures right, but, if my memory serves me correctly, the bulk of oil and gas revenue comes not from gas but from oil. In terms of the dollar equivalent, our oil revenues last year amounted to $191-194 billion and gas revenues to about $28 billion. See the difference? 191 from oil and 28 from gas.
Oil is sold on world markets. Is there any way to do us harm? One may try. But what would be the result for those who would attempt to do it? First of all, how would this be done? Of all the countries in the world, only Saudi Arabia has the real potential to increase production and thus bring down world prices. Saudi Arabia’s budget assumes a price of $85-$90 per thousand cubic metres.
KIRILL KLEYMENOV: President Obama has already visited them.
VLADIMIR PUTIN: I’m sorry, I meant oil, not gas. The budget assumes a price of $85-$90 per barrel, and our budget, I think, $90. So, if one goes below $85, Saudi Arabia will be on the losing end and have problems. For us a drop from $90 to $85 is not critical. That is first.
Second, we are on very good terms with Saudi Arabia. We may, for example, differ in terms of our views on Syria, but we practically have identical positions on the development of the situation in Egypt. There are many other things where we see eye-to-eye.
I have great respect for the custodian of the two Muslim shrines, the King of Saudi Arabia. He is a very clever and balanced man. I don’t think that our Saudi friends would make any abrupt changes to harm themselves and the Russian economy.
Furthermore, they are members of OPEC, where we have many supporters. It is not that they have sympathy for us, but that they have their own economic interests and sharply reducing production – which can only be done in a manner agreed upon within OPEC – is a fairly complicated business.
Finally, in the United States, which is developing shale gas and shale oil production, production costs are very high. These are expensive projects. If world prices tumble, these projects may turn out to be unprofitable, loss-making and the nascent industry may simply die.
And one last point. Oil is priced and traded in the world in dollars. If prices fall, demand for dollars will plummet and the dollar will start losing its significance as a world currency. There are very many factors involved. The wish to bite us is there, but the opportunities are limited. That said, some damage can be caused.
Now about gas. We sell gas by pipeline (most of our sales are by pipeline) mainly to the European countries that depend on Russian supplies to cover about 30-35, 34 percent of their needs. Can they stop buying Russian gas altogether? I don’t think that this is possible.
Some of our neighbours, very good neighbours with which we have very sound relations, such as, for example, Finland…Finland gets 90 percent of its gas from Russia. Some countries that used to be called People’s Democracies in Eastern Europe depend on Russian gas if not for 90 percent, then for 60, 50 or 70 percent of their needs.
Can supplies be stopped altogether? I think that this is totally unrealistic. But one can do this at one’s own cost, by hurting oneself. However, I cannot imagine such a situation. Therefore, of course, everyone is keen on diversifying their sources of supplies. Europe is talking about greater independence from Russia as a supplier, and similarly we are beginning to talk and act to become less dependent on our consumers.
However, so far, there is a measure of balance between consumers and suppliers. The only problem is transit countries. And the most dangerous part, of course, is transit via Ukraine with which we have tremendous difficulties in agreeing on energy problems. But I hope that we will be able to bring things back to normal, considering the contracts that have been signed and are functioning.
MARIA SITTEL: Thank you.
Retired people in Russia are very active. Here's the next question: “Are there any plans regarding the annexation of Alaska? We would be very happy to see that happen. Thank you. Pensioner Faina Ivanovna.”
KIRILL KLEYMENOV: That’s a popular joke, Mr Putin. They call Alaska “Ice Crimea” in jest.
VLADIMIR PUTIN: Yes, I’m aware of that.
Faina Ivanovna, why do you need Alaska? By the way, Alaska was sold sometime in the 19th century. Louisiana was sold to the United States by the French at about the same time. Thousands of square kilometres were sold for $7.2 million, although in gold. We can calculate the equivalent amount, but it was definitely inexpensive. Russia is a northern country with 70% of its territory located in the north and the far north. Alaska is not located in the southern hemisphere, either, is it? It’s cold out there as well. Let's not get worked up about it, all right?
KIRILL KLEYMENOV: Let’s return to Crimea.
VLADIMIR PUTIN: We’ll have to pay them allowances to live in the north. We need to calculate our budget expenses. (Laughter.)
KIRILL KLEYMENOV: Here is a question that came in as we were having this conversation. Rishat Akhmadiyev asks, “I’d like to know what steps will be taken to rehabilitate the Crimean Tatars?”
VLADIMIR PUTIN: Crimean Tatars suffered some serious damage during the Stalinist reprisals and were deported from Crimea, which is their traditional place of residence, their home. We certainly need to do everything we can to rehabilitate and restore the legitimate rights and interests of the Crimean Tatar people at a time when Crimea is joining the Russian Federation.
By the way, immediately after the annexation of Crimea to Russia, in 1783, I believe, forgive me if I’m wrong, Catherine II issued a decree to the effect – I can’t quote it word for word – but its meaning was as follows: Crimean Tatars will be perceived by Russia as its own citizens with all ensuing consequences. Their rights, their mosques and their religion will be fully respected, which is extremely important.
It was a very wise and appropriate policy, and we plan to stick to such a policy today as well. That is why my colleagues in the Government and the Presidential Executive Office and I are now preparing an executive order on the rehabilitation of the Crimean Tatars. Not only the Crimean Tatars though, because Armenians, Germans and Greeks also suffered during Stalin's reprisals, so representatives of all of these peoples should be included as well.
KIRILL KLEYMENOV: We have been on the air live for two hours now. Russia’s Far East is seven hours ahead of us, so it’s already 9 pm there. I mention the Far East because we can’t fail to raise the issue of the disastrous floods that occurred there last August. Thousands of people have yet to recover from this natural disaster. We have chosen two communities, the villages of Belgo and Novoye, in which to set up our mobile TV stations. Few people in Russia have heard of these villages, so in order to remind you of what happened back then, we have put together a video sequence that was broadcast by all channels.
So we are joined by the village of Belgo and our colleague Pavel Zarubin.
PAVEL ZARUBIN: Hello Moscow! Greetings from Belgo. This village was almost totally destroyed by last year’s unprecedented floods in the Far East. This is why a new cottage village is now being erected on this huge mound. A total of 87 houses like this one will be built with all the needed amenities. For instance, local residents will have hot water supply, while there was no running water before the flooding.
People who stayed in the village despite the floods’ disastrous consequences came here today. Here with us today we have Presidential Plenipotentiary Envoy to the Far Eastern Federal District Yury Trutnev. He was appointed by the President to head the government commission that coordinates relief efforts in the Far East in the aftermath of the floods.
VLADIMIR PUTIN: Good afternoon. Mr Trutnev and I meet quite often. I hope that other people who went there will also have an opportunity to say something.
PAVEL ZARUBIN: Ok, let’s start with questions then. I would like to remind the audience that funding for building houses here was raised during a telethon with assistance from our colleagues. We have been here for several days now and have talked to almost all residents. People say that they really like these houses, but they have a lot of other questions. Here is a question that is relevant to all local residents. Andrei, a local car owner, will ask it.
QUESTION: Hello Mr President, here’s my question: as a car owner, I pay a 4,000-ruble transport tax, but there’s no road here. Belgo is 50 kilometres away from a federal route.
VLADIMIR PUTIN: Why do you need a car then? If there’s no road, why have a car? Where can you drive? Sounds like a provocation to me.
QUESTION: No, this is an urgent issue for all of us, not a provocation. Sometimes people get sick and you can’t even take them out of the village because the road is just terrible.
VLADIMIR PUTIN: I see.
QUESTION: I wanted to ask you to help us address this issue. New cottages are being built. They are so great. But we also need a decent road. It could be just a dirt road, we’re not asking for much.
VLADIMIR PUTIN: Very well, I understand.
You know, when I visited the territories that had been battered by floods and met with people and heads of municipal government bodies, infrastructure recovery and development were among the issues raised during conversations and meetings we held. It was about supporting agriculture and daily living in communities. We came to the conclusion that no matter how much you invest in, say, agriculture, although this a separate issue and there are probably many things that have yet to be done in this segment, if it is impossible to deliver the equipment needed for agriculture to the villages, these efforts are meaningless. Roads and bridges should be rebuilt. I must say that such funding was factored into relevant federal programmes for helping the affected regions. We could even increase such expenses if the region needs it. In order to do that, these needs should be communicated to the Russian Government first by the municipal government bodies and then by governors. Mr Trutnev is there with you today. You could share the requests and needs of your village with him. When Mr Trutnev comes back, we’ll discuss it. If a village is built, there should be a road leading to it. This is the way it should be.
KIRILL KLEYMENOV: One more question, Pavel, please.
PAVEL ZARUBIN: There is another issue of concern to many Russians living in rural areas. Ms Kuzyurina, please.
OLGA KUZYURINA: Good afternoon, Mr Putin. I’d like to make a request on behalf of all the villagers. A gas pipeline runs one kilometre outside our village, there is a gas distribution station. We would like to ask you to make a decision to connect our village, which is under construction now, to the gas pipeline. Thank you.
VLADIMIR PUTIN: If there is a gas system in place (I don’t know what kind of gas pipeline it is, a high-pressure system? Most likely, it is), then the construction of low-pressure networks needs to be included in the relevant municipal and regional costs. This is one of the problems of gas infrastructure development in our country. The obligations are shared as follows: Gazprom and the federal budget are responsible for the construction of high-pressure systems, while municipal governments finance low-pressure systems for consumers. But this is a special case, and given that this is essentially a new village, this issue must and will be resolved. Please, send this request to Mr Trutnev as well. I’m sure that we will solve the problem.
KIRILL KLEYMENOV: Thank you. Thank you, Pavel, thank you to the village of Belgo. We can see that the houses that are under construction there are almost completed even though construction started just this week. These are pre-fabricated homes, and, as Pavel said, the funds were raised by Channel One’s audience during the “All Together” telethon. By the way, Mr Putin, we’ve received some unexpected ideas from our viewers. “Let’s build the Kerch Strait Bridge as a symbol of Russian unity. We’ll raise money via television and SMS. I dream of crossing it one day and visiting Crimea and Artek,” writes 12-year-old Yana Mikhailenko from Klin. How do you like that idea?
VLADIMIR PUTIN: It sounds like she’s going to spend the money she gets for snacks at school to help pay for a bridge to Crimea. This is very noble, thank her for this. I also thank Channel One, which held such a major campaign. Incidentally, the money that was raised is a considerable amount, Mr Ernst has just told me that it was about $30 million, which is an enormous sum. And I’d like to thank Channel One and all Russian citizens who responded when they saw the problems that residents of the Far East faced as a result of a major flood, the biggest flood in the last 100 years. At the same time, I’d like to note that the Government is also making its modest contribution by allocating 40 billion rubles to build housing, infrastructure, dams, etc., and to revive the economy. The key goal is to spend the funds efficiently.
As for the bridge to Crimea, this is a special matter. It will be quite expensive, but we will strive to do this as quickly as possible, with the best possible quality and in a cost-effective manner.
KIRILL KLEYMENOV: We’ll now switch to the village of Novoye in the Jewish Autonomous Area, to our correspondent Darya Grigorova.
DARYA GRIGOROVA: Good afternoon. Greetings to Moscow from Novoye in the Jewish Autonomous Area. The mark you can see here is the maximum water level ever recorded here, which is 10.5 metres. It’s quite high, well above the average, even at the highest point in the village. When the dam in the village was destroyed, the village was not just flooded, it was isolated from the rest of the world. People held up here, on the second floor of the culture centre where they were supplied with essentials, water and food. Right here, in boats, people voted. Now that spring has come, the culture centre has been restored. Novoye is being restored too. The people who are here today went through that ordeal. I suggest giving the floor to the local residents. This is Galina Alekhina. Ms Alekhina was here with her large family when the disaster happened. She has four children and six grandchildren. She managed to help not only her family but many other residents.
Ms Alekhina, your question please.
GALINA ALEKHINA: First of all I would like to thank the people of Russia for their help. Many thanks to those who didn’t remain indifferent to our troubles.
My question is about the dams. The dams that are being restored do not meet our needs. They must be higher, and the flood in 2013 proved this. If the dams are not high enough all the restored and newly built houses will just be destroyed again. Without higher dams, all the invested money will just be wasted.
Will there be a government programme for dam building around our villages so people won’t have to suffer any more and won’t have to worry about another disaster.
VLADIMIR PUTIN: Of course. I just talked about this. The money that was allocated by the Government to restore the infrastructure and ensure the residents’ safety will be spent on the dams. As far as I know, the dams are being built. But you believe they are lower than is necessary for your safety. Initially, we assumed that the housing would be rebuilt on safe ground, at higher levels that won’t be flooded. Where that’s not possible, dams must be built. I’ll look into this by all means. I cannot tell you for sure what is going on there and whether this dam height is enough or whether it should be higher. We’ll make sure an additional expert review is done and make corrections, if necessary.
GALINA ALEKHINA: Thank you very much.
KIRILL KLEYMENOV: One more question from your village please.
DARYA GRIGOROVA: We have been here for several days. Of course, most of us worry not only about rehabilitating, but also about developing farming. The flood, which has robbed many of us of everything we had, has given us a fresh opportunity to think about whether we should rebuild our homes here. Vladimir Badarin should be in this audience – we met him during the flood last August. Although he was hit hard, Vladimir does not plan to leave his native village.
Vladimir, what did you want to ask?
VLADIMIR BADARIN: Good afternoon, Mr President.
VLADIMIR PUTIN: Good afternoon.
VLADIMIR BADARIN: I live in a nearby village, more than half of which was flooded. We received financial compensation for our houses, which were flooded, and we also got coal, firewood, vegetables, potatoes and other kinds of assistance. We are sincerely grateful for this. But there is a question. People are leaving the village, and the number of those who are leaving has increased since the flood. The same is going on in neighbouring villages, which stand on the border. Young people are leaving.
Here is my question: Have you considered drafting a development programme for the border villages in the Amur River area? My question only concerns the border villages that are not part of the priority development area. For example, a dam should be built in my village to prevent further flooding. Mr President, we really need a dam.
And one more thing: Are there flood forecasts in the Amur River area for July, August and September?
VLADIMIR PUTIN: Regarding the outflow of people, it’s true that young people are leaving. I believe that one of the reasons behind this is that they were given an opportunity to choose between financial compensation for housing reconstruction or construction, and a ready-made house. I think that some people take money and buy housing in some other region. They have the right to do this; we cannot stop them.
But you are right, and I understand and feel your concern, because these are border villages we are talking about. This is an issue we should seriously consider as part of the Far East development programme. I will instruct those who are responsible for this programme to focus on this issue.
Regarding the dam, I will inquire as to whether there are any plans. As for now, I cannot tell you anything. But we will certainly ask about plans to develop infrastructure and [flood] protection for these villages.
As for weather forecasts, we plan to considerably expand the network of monitoring and weather stations. To be honest, I can’t say that our plans in this respect are being fulfilled in full. We should monitor this issue more closely. We will do this, and I hope that the government agencies concerned will promptly respond to changes in the situation.
MARIA SITTEL: Thank you.
VLADIMIR PUTIN: Thank you very much.
MARIA SITTEL: Now let’s return to our call centres. Tatyana, first to you.
TATYANA REMEZOVA: Thank you, Maria.
The call centre has been operating for a week; over the past days, we have received 2.2 million phone calls, over 400,000 text messages, about 200,000 messages sent to our website and over 7,500 video questions. At this moment we are receiving 91 video questions per minute.
Another interesting detail is that people from Krasnodar Territory have become really active, probably because they saw Governor Alexander Tkachev in our studio.
I would like to remind you that this year we are conducting a public ranking of the topics raised and questions Mr Putin was asked. You can vote online on our website for the questions you like, and thus define how relevant the subject is. At the moment, the ranking is as follows: Crimea and Ukraine are in first place, naturally, followed by social security, housing and utilities, roads and healthcare.
MARIA SITTEL: Thank you.
Anna, what are the most popular video questions?
ANNA PAVLOVA: We have a similar picture here in the video centre: Crimea and the events in eastern Ukraine are in the lead. Housing and utilities rank second, followed by social security issues. From this category we have another question, which we simply can’t ignore.
Mr Putin, Amangeldy Akhmetov from Omsk would like to address you. Twenty years ago, he was severely injured in a car crash. Please, take a look at the screen.
AMANGELDY AKHMETOV: Good afternoon, Mr Putin.
Here is my question. I’ve been a wheelchair user since 1995. In 1998, I joined a waiting list to get a flat, but nothing has happened since: I can’t have a wash like a normal person and my house gets too cold in the winter. Please help, you are my only hope.
VLADIMIR PUTIN: You know, it is sad to hear these words. As for this particular case, of course, we will respond and help.
There is something I would like to say on the issue. Providing wheelchair users with housing is the regional authorities’ responsibility. In some regions, this issue gets resolved and people can see the results, but in other regions, unfortunately, the process is very slow or nothing happens at all, as in your case, for instance. I would like to repeat that we will by all means respond to this particular request.
But in general, there is a lot for us to do to help people with disabilities feel comfortable in the modern world, in modern society. We are taking steps in this direction, we have allocated significant funding from the federal budget – some 35 or 34.5 billion roubles a year for five consecutive years – for creating an accessible environment for people with disabilities.
But creating an accessible environment in residential areas is a slightly different subject. Housing is also a very urgent issue. We need to think about how to help the regions cope with it more effectively. Again, we will address this particular case separately.
KIRILL KLEYMENOV: We’ve heard the message handling centre’s statistics; let’s take a live call.
TATYANA REMEZOVA: Yes, thank you, Kirill.
A great many callers are outraged by rising prices of housing and utilities. We’ll take one of these calls. Our editors are telling me that it is Svetlana Shcherbakova calling from Chelyabinsk.
Ms Shcherbakova, good afternoon. Ask your question, please.
SVETLANA SHCHERBAKOVA: Good afternoon.
Thank you for Crimea, of course. But why are you pursuing a housing and utilities policy that hurts people? Why are you forcing already impoverished people to pay not only their own bills but also for communal meters and needs, increasing costs by almost 50 percent and reducing our standard of living? I hope you don’t want us all to starve to death.
VLADIMIR PUTIN: Housing and utilities are among our most pressing problems, affecting practically every family in Russia. Problems have been piling up for decades in this sector, including dilapidated housing, relocating tenants from dilapidated housing, rundown housing, and the problem of housing and utilities maintenance in general. I will not go into detail now, but what I’ve heard leads me again to some unhappy thoughts. You’ve mentioned communal meters that increase an individual consumer’s bill by more than 50 percent. This is absolutely unacceptable. Do we have any information about this caller?
MARIA SITTEL: Yes, of course.
VLADIMIR PUTIN: This issue must be dealt with separately. I will say why. Because it has become standard practice for so-called management companies to shift their costs to tenants via collective expenditure systems. One light bulb somewhere in a hallway appears to consume more electricity than the entire building. What does this reveal? Either the management company itself is inefficient, or, on the contrary, it is stealing from tenants and shifting its costs and whatever else it wants to add to the bill to these communal meters. This requires an additional investigation, and we will certainly investigate.
As far as the system as a whole is concerned, I would like to say this. To avoid the growth in prices, which should certainly be restrained by local authorities, we have taken the following course of action: a bill was signed into law late last year that enabled the regions of the Russian Federation to set the upper price limit, while the state, or rather the Government, presents and proposes the settlement method and determines the upper – so-called combined – payment. Basically, the Government should have done this before April 1 of this year. But it hasn’t, as far as I know. I’d like to draw the attention of the relevant government agency to this fact, and I do hope that this will be done shortly.
Moreover, a decision has been approved requiring that management companies be licensed to operate. The issuing of licenses will start later this year. Management companies lacking licenses will be unable to continue operations starting in mid-2015.
KIRILL KLEYMENOV: I think the guests in our studio have not had an opportunity to ask the President a question to for a long time. Olga, please.
OLGA USHAKOVA: Thank you Kirill. Yevgeny Artyukh, representative of the OPORA Russia SME support organisation and member of the Sverdlovsk Region Legislative Assembly, go ahead, please.
YEVGENY ARTYUKH: Good afternoon, Mr Putin. Here is my question. Russia is a member of many international organisations. Now, given the situation in Ukraine, many of them are not just shaking their finger at us but are threatening to expel us, and they seem to mean it. We know that PACE has suspended Russia's voting rights until the end of the year, as if we were some kind of poor relative or as if they had taken us in out of charity. As if we do not pay our membership fees regularly.
So my question is, do you think, personally, that Russia needs to review its membership in these organisations? Shouldn’t we make our move and suspend or even terminate our membership in some of them? I am not insisting on this, but I suggest we think about it and I would like to hear your opinion.
We’ll just wait and see who will benefit in the end.
VLADIMIR PUTIN: You see, the world is evolving fast. If – as I have already said – someone wishes to make it a unipolar world and dominate all international organisations, they are unlikely to succeed with that.
At the same time, we often come up against the failure to understand our position, and sometimes even an unwillingness to understand. We have already discussed this today. We will not insist on continuing our membership in certain international groups, especially those that fail to show an independent attitude and to work out their own perspective on major international issues. On the other hand, we will not make any demarches either. We will continue working as normal.
As for PACE, we do pay our membership fees, and rather substantial fees, I should say. But it won’t hurt much if they don’t want to see us. But we do not intend to impose isolation on ourselves either.
KIRILL KLEYMENOV: Mr Putin, let’s return to the consequences of Crimea’s integration into Russia – a question about the sanctions. As is known, these sanctions hit several major businessmen such as Yury Kovalchuk, Gennady Timchenko and the Rotenberg brothers. They are rumoured to be your personal friends and part of your inner circle and that their fortunes were made thanks to that friendship. Now as it happens, they have sanctions imposed on them, also to a large extent due to their friendship with you. Don’t you get the feeling that the main target of the EU sanctions is you, personally?
VLADIMIR PUTIN: It looks like they are trying to make me the object of these sanctions. As for the people you mentioned, they are indeed my good acquaintances, my friends. But for the most part they had made their fortunes before we even met. Mr Timchenko, for example, has been doing business since the 1990s, but this story is well known.
Seriously, they certainly have nothing to do with Crimea, absolutely. However, Mr Timchenko’s wife had serious surgery and was unable to pay for it because her bank account and credit cards were frozen. This is a flagrant violation of human rights, that’s what it is, and an action beyond reason.
I also have to tell you that I am not in any way ashamed for my friends. I’m sure they learned about Crimea from the TV news and they had tears in their eyes when they saw it. If they’re being punished for that, well let’s say they deserve this punishment. (Applause.)
MARIA SITTEL: An SMS from Saratov Region: “Why is the price of grain falling and the price of bread growing?”
VLADIMIR PUTIN: Another tough one, but that’s the way things are. Indeed the price of grain has dipped. As for bread prices, they have increased a bit, but not much, I am aware of it because bread as you know is the basis of everything and people like myself, members of the Government, are obliged to know it: the price is up 1.3%.
On the whole inflation, that is price growth, as we noted the day before yesterday, was 2.3%, but the latest Central Bank figures put it at 2.8% and bread prices are up 1.3% (not much, as you see). But grain accounts for just 30% of the price of bread, the rest is electricity, power, transport and other factors, including import.
In general the inflation target for this year is 6-6.5% and I hope the Central Bank will keep it within these limits. But what worries me is that the structure of these prices, of the 2.8% increase, is very mixed. In the first quarter of this year the price of vegetables soared by almost 18%, 17.9% to be exact.
And if we look at vegetables as a group there are some differences too – these are small details, but they matter to people: for example – such things as onions and cabbage have gone up by 25, 30 and even more than 50%. The reason is the sagging ruble and the rising cost of imports, because we import a lot of food products at this time of year.
But let me repeat, I very much hope that on the whole the Government and the Central Bank will manage to rein in prices and stay within the 6-6.5% band.
MARIA SITTEL: So, agriculture turns out to be more important than guns and planes, and in the light of the Western threats of sanctions national food security is the number one issue.
VLADIMIR PUTIN: As much as I may like the army, I have to admit that agriculture has always been more important than guns because without it there can be nothing. As our farmers say, bread comes first. So we have paid and will continue to pay due attention to the development of agriculture.
In 2011 agricultural output grew significantly, by 23%, and it increased last year too, though not by so much. This year the budget envisages subsidies and money in support of agriculture to the tune of 170 billion rubles.
We will keep our finger on the pulse, monitor what is taking place in daily practice and I hope the Government will react promptly. Having said that, I know the mood among farmers who believe that the Government is sometimes late in providing subsidies and other support measures, that the new system of support per hectare is in need of improvement – we know all that and we will follow all this closely and will respond.
MARIA SITTEL: Thank you.
KIRILL KLEYMENOV: Mr President, bread is the staff of life, but Russia is getting its money from exporting energy, gas and petroleum products. We have a lot of questions about this. Why does Russia help Ukraine, and fail to cut gas supplies to debtor countries, but at the same time can cut gas supplies to its own people in winter for failure to pay 3,000 rubles on time? Why are Russians cut off for non-payment and Ukraine is not? We have lots of questions about this.
VLADIMIR PUTIN: I believe that payment discipline should, of course, be integral to our economic activities. In Ukraine, for example, consumers used to pay around 30%-35%, but now they are paying less than 20%. This undermines the entire national economy and the energy system, even the entire utility sector. This just runs it into the ground. However, given all that and the fact that compliance with payment discipline is very important, we must still always act based on a specific situation. I very much hope that there will be no extreme situation in connection with these cut-offs. It’s imperative to assess the situation in each particular household.
With regard to Ukraine (I’ll use your question to talk about it), the current contract was signed in 2009. Up until now, Ukraine has been paying us. Not always on time, but it has been paying for its gas nevertheless. The price formula which we expected Ukraine to use to pay for Russian gas hasn’t budged since the time this contract was signed in 2009 with Prime Minister Tymoshenko and her then Energy Minister, a gentleman with the telling name Prodan (he’s still the Minister of Energy) [prodan is the Russian for “sold” – ed.]. This formula has not changed once since then. What did we do? In 2010, we signed the so-called Kharkov agreements to extend the stay of the Russian fleet in the Crimean city of Sevastopol.
Please note that Russia has been paying about $90 million ($95, I think, or even $97 million) annually for the presence of the Russian fleet in Crimea. In addition, with the sole purpose of supporting the economy of Ukraine, we agreed that the Russian Government would remove or reduce the export duty on gas supplies to Ukraine. The reduction of export duties resulted in the final cost of Russian gas decreasing by $100 per 1,000 cubic metres. In fact, we should have begun our payments in 2017, that is, remove this duty in 2017, because the agreement for our fleet staying in Crimea is valid until 2017. Nevertheless, we started paying immediately upon signing the agreement in 2010. That is, we began to pay in advance. We were paying $100 million in current expenses plus advance payments that were coming due only in 2017. So, that makes it 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2014. Over these four years, in fact for 2018, 2019, 2020, and 2021, we have already paid $11.4 billion. That’s 11.4 billion dollars. This begs the question: where’s the money? The event has not yet happened, the agreement on the fleet is still valid, and we have already begun to pay as if it has already ended. This is my first point. Of course, we have now dropped this price decreasing mechanism and cancelled the Kharkov agreements.
Next. Responding to our Ukrainian partners’ requests, we took another step in 2013 and loaned them $3 billion and even lowered the gas price to $268.5 per 1,000 cubic metres on the assumption, and based on the agreement, that they would pay us the arrears for the previous year which amount to about $1.5 billion, and would continue the regular current payments at reduced prices. What happened next? By the way, we agreed that if they failed to pay, we’d revert to the previous prices. And what happened? They paid in January, and their debt was reduced slightly. In January, they paid in full; in February, they paid less than half, and in March, the new Ukrainian government has not paid anything at all. Of $525 million owed, they paid nothing, zero, not a single dollar, not a single ruble. Under the existing agreements, if they fail to make their current payments, Gazprom is entitled to go back to the previous pricing. Why would we lock in the increasing debt at a low price when we can lock it in at the real contract price? That’s the problem.
KIRILL KLEYMENOV: The previous pricing was $485, right?
VLADIMIR PUTIN: Yes, it’s going to be $485.
What do we hear? That Russia has a biased approach to Ukraine, and this is the political cost. However, this is the price that they agreed on with us in 2009. We lowered it under the agreement that they would pay us at least the lower price. But they don’t even pay that. Zero. That's the problem. I told our Western partners, including Germany, “We do not insist on the immediate payments. We understand Ukraine’s difficulties, but we are asking you to join us in this work and take part in rescuing the Ukrainian economy.” What does the United States do? They promised Ukraine a billion. A billion what? Guarantees. It's not the actual money, it’s just a guarantee to the banks that will agree to loan money to Ukraine. Where are these banks? There’s no one to be seen yet. We can wait a little longer, a month. If there are no payments next month, we’ll then switch to the pre-payment arrangement in accordance with the contract. What does this mean? This means that Ukraine will need to pay us upfront for the next month, and we’ll send them as much gas as they paid for. This is a difficult calculation method, and it can lead to disruptions in the distribution of our gas to our European consumers. This is exactly why we’re showing such corporate responsibility, such willingness to negotiate and be patient.
KIRILL KLEYMENOV: Mr President, when will this system go into effect?
VLADIMIR PUTIN: Like I said, we’ll wait for another month. We could do it today, but we’ll wait one more month.
KIRILL KLEYMENOV: News from Europe is coming in just as we are holding this Direct Line event. This has to do with Jose Manuel Barroso’s reply to your letter, which says that the European Commissioner for Energy will get in touch with partners in Russia and Ukraine to organise consultations on gas supplies. As far as I understand, they will also discuss the security of gas supply and transit to European consumers. The European Commission said this is Gazprom’s responsibility, not Ukraine’s.
VLADIMIR PUTIN: I can agree about the supplies, but the transit is up to Ukraine. The contract I mentioned stipulates supplies to Ukraine at a price calculated according to the well-known formula – $485 per 1,000 cubic metres at the moment – and unimpeded transit of the Russian gas to Europe.
This was actually one of the reasons we built the Nord Stream pipeline: to secure our exports from such incidents, to ensure direct supplies to our European customers via a pipeline system along the Baltic Sea bottom. This is why we are also building the South Stream, a pipeline across the Black Sea linked to the European Union.
KIRILL KLEYMENOV: We have Berlin on the line.
VLADIMIR PUTIN: Good timing.
KIRILL KLEYMENOV: Our correspondent Ivan Blagoi works in Europe’s most influential country.
But before giving the floor to him, I’d like to ask you to return to the speech that we discussed at the very beginning, the one that you made before signing the treaty on Crimea and Sevastopol’s accession to Russia. Many people were very impressed by it and compared it to your Munich speech. They even called it your best speech.
I’d like to ask you why you made this speech. First, the protocol didn’t demand it and, second, the format was very unusual – you addressed peoples rather than countries or governments.
VLADIMIR PUTIN: The format was chosen based on the importance of the event and the situation. This is an unusual event in the life of our people, our country and our state. This is why I considered it my duty to address the Federal Assembly and the people of the Russian Federation in the presence of members of the State Duma and the Federation Council. This is the first point.
Second. Why was the speech addressed to the peoples of other countries rather than their governments? As you know, the modern world, especially the Western world, is highly monopolised and many Western countries – whether they want to hear this or not – have voluntarily given up a considerable part of their sovereignty. To some extent, this is a result of the politics of blocs. Sometimes we find it very difficult to come to terms with them on geopolitical issues. It is hard to reach an agreement with people who whisper even at home for fear of being overheard by the Americans. This is not a joke or a figure of speech. Listen to me, I’m serious, I’m not joking. However, they are our main partners on economic and some other issues.
But I addressed the peoples of these countries primarily because an ordinary person from Germany, France or Italy will instantly sense whether a statement is false or not. Our position is absolutely open, honest and transparent, and for this reason it is easier to get it across to ordinary people than even to some leaders. It seems to me we succeeded to some extent. No matter what government rules a country, it will have to consider the opinion of its voters. This is why I addressed the people.
MARIA SITTEL: We have a question from Berlin, from our correspondent Ivan Blagoi, who has been working in one of Europe’s most influential countries.
IVAN BLAGOI: Good afternoon.
How united is the West in its desire to punish Russia? Which EU countries are in favour of isolating Russia? Is this even possible? And lastly, what is going on in Ukraine? These are the questions that the Valdai International Discussion Club experts have been discussing.
Some of them are here in this studio. Let me introduce them: Alexander Rahr, Germany; Nicolai Petro, USA; Gabor Stier, Hungary; Gerhard Mangott, Austria; and Arnaud Dubien, France. The first to ask his question will be Alexander Rahr, member of the Valdai Discussion Club Advisory Board.
Mr Rahr, go ahead please.
ALEXANDER RAHR: Good afternoon, Moscow. Good afternoon, Mr Putin.
VLADIMIR PUTIN: Good afternoon.
ALEXANDER RAHR: Greetings from Berlin.
The Valdai Club members had a meeting that lasted several hours yesterday, and many Club members, including our German colleagues, expressed their concern about the kind of Europe we will live in – in addition to the shared task of stabilising Ukraine, which is falling apart as we speak. After all, it is a country of 45 million people and our common concern.
What future do you envision for Europe in five or, say, ten years? Will we live in a common Europe from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean? Or will we live in two different Europes? I remember how you said at the Valdai Club last September that Russia is a different kind of Europe, whole values differ from those of the post-modernist West. Can we bring these two views together? What can Germany do to help build a common Europe?
VLADIMIR PUTIN: First, good afternoon, Alexander.
Second, I’d like to say that there is no contradiction in what I said at the Valdai Club. Russia’s values do not differ dramatically from European values. We belong to the same civilisation. We are different, and we have some features that are unique to us, but we have the same ingrained values. I believe that we must certainly strive to create a greater Europe from Lisbon to Vladivostok, as I have said more than once, including today. If we accomplish this task, we will be able to take our rightful place in the future world. But if we choose a different path, if we divide Europe, European values and people, if we promote separatism in the broad meaning of the word, this will make us all insignificant and mediocre players who will have no influence over their own development, let alone global development.
MARIA SITTEL: Berlin, please, one more question from you.
IVAN BLAGOI: Yes, Mr Petro, please, your question for the President.
NICOLAI PETRO: Good afternoon, Mr President.
My question concerns Russia-US relations. The relations between Russia and the United States have worsened to a critical level recently. The US media unanimously speak about total mistrust between the US and Russian leaders. However, global issues still need to be resolved, and this requires closer cooperation between the US and Russia.
So my question is: How can the lost trust be recovered? What particular steps are necessary for the US and Russia to transform from rivals to allies in settling global issues?
VLADIMIR PUTIN: You know the answer is simple. I agree with you that we have lost trust. But why did this happen? We believe it’s not our fault, because these double standards, as we call them, have always been disappointing.
We see a situation in which it’s appropriate to act the way the United States did in Yugoslavia, Iraq, Afghanistan, Libya but it’s inappropriate for Russia to defend its interests. I gave you the example of Kosovo, which is totally obvious and clear to the average person not involved in politics. Everything is being turned upside down. This position is devoid of any logic, any logic whatsoever.
We just mentioned that I addressed the European people and other nations directly, because ordinary people can see insincerity. In order to restore trust we need to respect each other’s interests, speak the same language, avoid double standards and lies in international politics, focus on international laws but not on the politics of force, which we also mentioned here. I hope this will be possible. And I can assure you that Russia will certainly strive for this.
KIRILL KLEYMENOV: Mr President, you remember the story with a button that Ms Clinton gave to Mr Lavrov as a gift? The “reset” inscription on the button was translated into Russian with a mistake, as “overload” rather than “reload.” An overload is what eventually happened.
VLADIMIR PUTIN: You know, it didn’t happen just now because of Crimea. I think it happened much earlier, just after the events in Libya. Dmitry Medvedev, who was Russia's President at the time, supported our western partners and upheld the resolution on Libya. This was about a ban on flights of Libyan government air force.
The actual result was air bombing, the overthrow of Gaddafi, his murder and the murder of the US ambassador, and the collapse of the country. This is where mistrust comes from. This is how the “overload” happened. But I would like to emphasise this once again. Russia is interested in improving relations with the United States and will do whatever is necessary to restore trust.
KIRILL KLEYMENOV: We can take one more question from Berlin. Ivan, go ahead.
IVAN BLAGOI: Mr Stier, your question, please.
GABOR STIER: Good afternoon, Mr President. We are witnessing now not just a reframing of the world order, but a reframing of views. We are witnessing a conservative renaissance in Russia. In many European countries, traditional views are gaining ground; from Hungary to France, people vote for politicians who defend the national interests of their countries without looking constantly to Brussels. This approach is not always appreciated in Europe.
What do you think, will it be possible to build relations, to build a dialogue between Russia and Europe based on interests? Aren’t you afraid that the United States could damage the Russia-EU relationship for a long time to come?
VLADIMIR PUTIN: We, in any case, are not seeking to damage relations with Europe, and I hope our European partners are not planning to either.
As for the rethinking of values in European countries, yes, I agree that we are witnessing this process. So-called conservative values are acquiring a new significance. I spoke about that more than once. The victory of Viktor Orban in Hungary, the success of the conservative forces in the latest election there, the success of Marine Le Pen in France (she came third in the municipal elections), the growth of such trends in other countries is obvious.
As I see it, this is associated with the desire to strengthen national sovereignty, with the realisation that some issues that are vitally important for citizens can be addressed more effectively at the national level than, say, in Brussels. But there is also an understanding that it is important to join efforts to deal with some challenges that concern everyone. But a certain reframing process is underway indeed, and I hope that the results will be positive.
As for our relations with Europe and western countries, I have mentioned before that this is an issue of trust. In fact, you also spoke about it. You know, this is very important, this is a vital issue – trust on both the personal and intergovernmental level.
You know what came to my mind? The current Secretary General of NATO, Mr Rasmussen, used to be Prime Minister of Denmark, a wonderful country with wonderful people. We have excellent relations with Denmark, at least that has been the case so far, and I hope it will remain so in the future. When Mr Rasmussen was Prime Minister, he once asked me to hold an unplanned meeting. I agreed and we met.
It later turned out that he had recorded our conversation and then published it. I could not believe my eyes and ears. Sounds unbelievable, right? He explained that he recorded our conversation for history. All right, I’m flattered, but even for if it was for history, shouldn’t he have at least warned me or asked my permission to publish those talks? How can we speak of trust after something like that?
You see, relationships – whether between people or governments – should be more stable, transparent and collaborative.
MARIA SITTEL: Berlin, thank you so much for your participation and your questions. Stay with us; we will continue to discuss international issues in our Moscow studio.
We have a question from the video call centre. Anna, please.
ANNA PAVLOVA: Yes, colleagues, thank you. We have a surprise video call, which I would describe as sensational. It was sent by a person who has made an information revolution by exposing a mass surveillance programme that affected millions of people around the world.
Mr President, you have a question from former intelligence agent Edward Snowden.
VLADIMIR PUTIN: Do I really?
EDWARD SNOWDEN: Zdravstvuyte. I'd like to ask you a question about the mass surveillance of online communications and the bulk collection of private records by intelligence and law enforcement services. Recently, the United States, two independent White House investigations, as well as a federal court all concluded that these programmes are ineffective in stopping terrorism. They also found that they unreasonably intrude into the private lives of ordinary citizens – individuals who have never been suspected of any wrongdoing or criminal activity; and that these kinds of programmes are not the least intrusive means available to such agencies for these investigative purposes. Now, I've seen little public discussion of Russia's own involvement in the policies of mass surveillance. So I'd like to ask you: Does Russia intercept, store, or analyse in any way the communications of millions of individuals, and do you believe that simply increasing the effectiveness of intelligence or law enforcement investigations can justify placing societies – rather than subjects – under surveillance? Thank you.
KIRILL KLEYMENOV: Mr President, did you get the gist of the question?
VLADIMIR PUTIN: Yes, by and large.
KIRILL KLEYMENOV: This is a professional question from Mr Snowden. You speak freely with foreign leaders during summit meetings, as we can see. But I will try to translate the question for our audience.
VLADIMIR PUTIN: Still, American English is slightly different…
KIRILL KLEYMENOV: I tried to write down the question, which, as I have said, concerns some professional aspects…
VLADIMIR PUTIN: As I understood it, he wants to know if we engage in electronic surveillance.
KIRILL KLEYMENOV: He asked about the mass surveillance of online communications and the collection of users’ private records. He said that the US federal court concluded that these programmes are ineffective in stopping terrorism. This is an important admission. He also said something about intrusion into the private lives of ordinary citizens. Mr Snowden also said that he had seen the public discussion launched in Russia on this topic. And, lastly, he has asked you if Russia intercepts, stores, or analyses in any way the communications of millions of individuals. He wants to know if you believe that such mass surveillance can be justified.
VLADIMIR PUTIN: Mr Snowden, you are a former intelligence officer, and I have worked for an intelligence agency, too. So let’s talk like two professionals. To begin with, Russia has laws that strictly regulate the use of special equipment by security services, including for the tapping of private conversations and for the surveillance of online communications. They need to receive a court warrant to be able to use this equipment in each particular case. So there is no, and cannot be any, indiscriminate mass surveillance under Russian law.
Since criminals, including terrorists, use these modern communication systems for their criminal activity, security services should be able to respond accordingly and use modern equipment to combat crime, including terrorism. Yes, we do this, but not on such a large scale and not arbitrarily. Hopefully – I hope very much – we will never act in this manner. Besides, we do not have such technical capabilities and funds as the United States. But the main thing is that, happily, our security services are strictly controlled by the state and society and their operation is strictly regulated by law.
KIRILL KLEYMENOV: Mr Putin, we have been talking about big politics for over three hours, but our audience is also interested in other issues. One of our viewers is asking when the country is going to see its First Lady.
VLADIMIR PUTIN: You know, I need to marry off my ex-wife Lyudmila first, and then I’ll think about myself.
MARIA SITTEL: And now let’s talk about Sochi, our Olympics, our Olympic and Paralympic Games, which have become the brand identity of our country, which were held at the highest organisational level. Many thanks to our athletes – they are here in our studio – for bringing us so much joy.
KIRILL KLEYMENOV: I see them behind your back: Alexander Zubkov and Alexei Voyevoda, our wonderful bobsledders. Thank you very much for the emotions you have given us.
MARIA SITTEL: Let’s switch on Sochi.
KIRILL KLEYMENOV: Sure. We couldn’t possibly do without it. We have Sochi, the Olympic and Paralympic capital on the line. Our colleague Anton Vernitsky works there.
ANTON VERNITSKY: Hello, Moscow. Sochi is on the line. Does the empty Olympic Park look unusual? Just recently, a few weeks ago, millions of TV viewers watched what was happening here at the Olympics in Sochi. Tens of thousands of our tourists and foreign fans came here to support their favourite athletes.
Now builders are working in the Olympic Park. They are building the track for Formula One, which will be held next autumn. But otherwise the Olympic Park is unusually quiet and this is a source of concern for local people who are mostly involved in the tourist business. Our first question is about this.
QUESTION: Crimea has joined Russia and this is great. But what will happen with our city? Won’t it be forgotten? Hotels have been built in our city and today it is the most accessible Russian city for people with disabilities. We have trained personnel to host foreign guests. Our seaport and airport coped with the foreign and Russian tourist influx. Meanwhile, accessible tickets from different Russian regions have only been arranged for Crimea. Residents of Sochi who had been asked to weather massive Olympic projects have been waiting for this first post-Olympic season for the past few years as for manna from heaven. Will we be forgotten this year and the next two or three years after managing to cope with the pre-Olympic load? Will our home city, Sochi, be supported and developed?
VLADIMIR PUTIN: It goes without saying we’ll support and develop Sochi. It is time to understand what we should do in addition for Sochi’s development. I don’t think you should worry about what might happen because of Crimea’s accession. You’ve just said yourself that many modern and very comfortable hotels for tourists have been built in Sochi. These are world-class hotels and their rates should not be reduced below the limit – otherwise economically they won’t make any sense. This means that Crimea and Sochi should have different categories of tourists and vacationers. Given its current infrastructure, Crimea is designed for people with small incomes. They can hardly afford to stay in glamorous, top-notch Sochi hotels. Regardless of Crimea’s jurisdiction – Russian or not – there are categories of people who won’t be able to stay in Sochi’s chic hotels, and it is important to be clear on that. People without a great deal of money can afford a vacation in Crimea but the question is how to get there, by what means of transport. In this context we are thinking about low-cost air tickets. I don’t know whether the Government has announced this or not but if not, it will do so very soon. Anyway, I recently met with my colleagues – I invited them for a meeting on this score – and told them that we must provide return air tickets for vacationers in Crimea at about 7,500 rubles.
KIRILL KLEYMENOV: Aeroflot has already announced this, Mr President.
VLADIMIR PUTIN: Well, that’s great. We’ll have to provide railway tickets for 2,000, 2,500 and a maximum of 3,000 rubles in an open-berth carriage, because it will be quite difficult to get there. If we don’t offer cheap tickets people simply won’t go. What I mean is, it won’t be possible to go by the usual northern route because Ukraine will shut down railway service from the north of the peninsula. So people will have to travel to Anapa or Krasnodar and then get to the Black Sea coast, from where they should go by ferry or ship to relevant ports and finally to hotels. This is a fairly complicated route and if such travel is not cheap we won’t be able to attract holidaymakers to Crimea. This is why we are trying to create these special conditions for Crimean health resorts and increase the number of aircraft that would carry those who’d like to vacation in Crimea.
However, this doesn’t mean at all that we’ll forget about Sochi. On the contrary, we’ll do everything to support Sochi in the price niche that is designed for people with at least medium incomes. You know that after the Olympics some of its facilities are being converted to other uses. We have the Governor here and he knows all about this. I hope he’s already started turning one facility into a major shopping centre and another into a huge exhibition complex. We’re planning to host permanent shows of leading figure skaters from Russia and the world on the skating rink that hosted the Olympic figure skating competitions. All these innovations will add to Sochi’s appeal to visitors. I think the same is true of Formula One and the future FIFA World Cup.
Of course, it will take time to convert these Olympic facilities into post-Olympic ones but there is no doubt that Sochi will carry on and flourish.
KIRILL KLEYMENOV: Mr Putin, speaking of the FIFA World Cup, may I ask you a question as a football fan? There have been threats to relocate the 2018 FIFA World Cup, which Russia is to host. Some US senators have sent a letter to the FIFA headquarters about this. Do you think this is possible?
VLADIMIR PUTIN: As FIFA head Mr Blatter said, football and politics don’t mix, and the organisation is not going to review its schedule or the host countries, including Russia.
MARIA SITTEL: That’s good news.
Sochi, one more question please.
ANTON VERNITSKY: Yes, we have questions. Not only business people are present here today. We have invited young Sochi athletes, builders that built all these beautiful facilities, and students of the Olympic University in Sochi. So they have a question.
IVAN BELYAYEV (student of the Russian International Olympic University): Good afternoon.
So here is my question. Construction of the Olympic facilities required substantial money. However, now, as you can see, the Olympic Park is abandoned and out of use. Don’t you think the Olympic facilities will become so-called “white elephants”? Who will maintain them and how? And most importantly, how will they be used? Do you plan to develop any government programmes for this?
VLADIMIR PUTIN: Ivan, I have just said that the future of the facilities is already known. Some of them will be turned into exhibition centres, shopping malls; some will be used as concert halls; some ice rinks will still be used for their initial purpose. For example, the Small Arena [Shaiba] or the Large Arena [Bolshoy Ice Dome]. The Large Arena, I hope, will be available for the Sochi ice hockey team, while the Small Arena will be a permanent sports camp for children with facilities in both the coastal and the mountain cluster. We decided long ago how these facilities will be used. I repeat once again, restructuring and re-equipping them takes time, but everything will be done, all these projects will be completed.
KIRILL KLEYMENOV: Mr Putin, we were all amazed by the Olympics, but the Paralympics left just as powerful an impression on us.
VLADIMIR PUTIN: Yes.
KIRILL KLEYMENOV: Above all, we were impressed by our superheroes, the athletes who competed for Russia. Here in the studio we have a person without whom many of our Paralympic victories would not have been possible.
I would like to ask Olga to present the next speaker.
OLGA USHAKOVA: It is a great pleasure for me to present Irina Gromova, the coach of the Russian cross-country skiing and biathlon team. She is the person behind the numerous moments of joy that our Paralympic athletes brought us. Irina trained the athletes who won 30 medals for Russia, including 13 gold medals.
Ms Gromova, your question for the President.
IRINA GROMOVA: Mr Putin, the phenomenal success of our Olympians and Paralympians produced a boom: children are dragging their parents to sports centres and parents are eager to get their children involved in sports. What does the Government intend to do to encourage children to take up sports, especially kids with disabilities and disabled people in general, who live in remote areas? How can we reach them? Could it be possible to explore opportunities for creating boarding schools across Russia, including in Moscow, to enable children from remote areas to do sports, since the availability of sports facilities is very poor where they live? Availability is now a major issue. If we could do this, we would be able to achieve great results, including in sport.
What do you think?
VLADIMIR PUTIN: You and I discussed this issue when we meat in Sochi. Responsibilities should be split between regions, municipalities and the Federation. As you know, the Federation is already doing a lot for high performance Paralympic athletes by creating specialised training centres and promoting a barrier-free environment in old venues so that Paralympic athletes can use them.
Popular sports, including for adults and children with disabilities, is a separate issue that has received little attention until recently. Special attention should be paid to disabled sports as part of the efforts to promote mass sport. These initiatives should be coordinated with the regions. We will move in this direction and are committed to encouraging regions to make the necessary allocations for creating specialised facilities. A part of funds that I’ve already mentioned, 34.5 billion rubles that will be allocated for creating a barrier-free environment, could also go towards such efforts.
MARIA SITTEL: Mr Putin, let me continue with this topic and ask you if you are aware of the fact that in our country people with impaired hearing cannot even call an ambulance? There is no one to help them if anything should happen, and their chances of survival are, in fact, close to zero.
VLADIMIR PUTIN: We recently discussed practically the same thing with the Agency for Strategic Initiatives, when we talked about an even more difficult case – deaf-blind people. But let’s also pay attention to those with impaired hearing and how we can help them adapt. I will ask our colleagues from the Agency to look at this issue as well. There are many energetic, young people at the Agency who have many good ideas. In general, this is a solvable problem.
MARIA SITTEL: Yes, quite so.
VLADIMIR PUTIN: The internet can be used for this, and there are other ways.
MARIA SITTEL: Mobile apps.
VLADIMIR PUTIN: We just need to focus on it. I will definitely ask our colleagues to take up the issue.
MARIA SITTEL: Please do.
KIRILL KLEYMENOV: Healthcare is a sensitive issue. Lots of questions here. “New healthcare reforms in our region have led to disruptions in supplies of medications for patients with diabetes,” that’s from Krasnoyarsk Territory. In the Republic of Khakassia, doctors do not issue prescriptions for free drugs citing the lack of financing in Khakassia; high prices for medications; the shortage of skilled medical personnel; the closing of rural health posts and rural hospitals, and so on. During preparations for the programme, Tatyana Remezova and I identified the regions where these problems are most acute.
Mr Remezova, over to you.
TATYANA REMEZOVA: Yes, Kirill, as we looked at the regions, we were able to identify two of the most painful issues for all of Russia from Rostov to Chita. There is an enormous amount of complaints about rural hospitals being shut down. People called us with the same complaint: at best, there’s one rural doctor left serving several villages in areas that are hundreds of square kilometres apart; one ambulance that can’t negotiate local roads that are so bad that people say they are left to die because ambulances can’t get to them; and not a single decently equipped hospital within their reach. We have tonnes of such complaints.
The second issue concerns low salaries for medical personnel. We have received lots of calls from all over Russia about this. I believe we have an incoming call from Volgograd about this. Sergei, you are on the air.
Good afternoon, Sergei, please go ahead.
QUESTION: Good afternoon, I’m a doctor and I have a question for Mr Putin. Why is it claimed that the official salary of doctors is 49,000 rubles a month, whereas in fact doctors are paid anywhere from 12,000 to 15,000 rubles a month (that’s for high-skilled doctors who also have to pay utility bills, taxes and so on from their salaries)?
TATYANA REMEZOVA: Mr Putin, we have many such questions. Let me quote another one: “It's a shame that healthcare officials from St Petersburg misinform you about doctors’ salaries. I’m a registered nurse with 40 years in the industry, including in the intensive care unit at a children's hospital; ambulance; department of toxicology and drug addiction – all of these jobs involve hard work. Now, I work at Outpatient Clinic No. 43, in St Petersburg’s Frunzensky District. My base pay is 16,057 rubles a month. I work one and a half shifts and my salary is 26,600 before taxes. My after-tax salary is 23,000 rubles. Executive order No. 597 is not working. Our staff members wrote to the Presidential Executive Office on several occasions. The Chief Physician wrote in a reply letter that the average salary for a nurse is 47,000 rubles. We have only retired people working in our building. Young people refuse to work for such meagre salaries.”
Indeed, Mr Putin, Governors invariably report to you that all is well and doctors’ salaries are above the average salary paid in their respective regions, but things are different in real life. How come?
VLADIMIR PUTIN: First of all, I’d like to focus on healthcare in rural areas. People are saying that rural medical posts are being closed. It’s very strange indeed that this is happening.
Most of the funds allocated as part of the effort to modernise the healthcare system were used to improve rural medicine. As far as I can remember, the amount of funds allocated to the programme and the regions in general was almost double the amount used to improve healthcare in urban areas, primarily because we wanted to maintain and reinforce the network of medical institutions in rural areas.
So, if a rural medical post is closed somewhere, then inter-village rural posts should be set up with proper transport access, roads, etc. I’ll look into it closely and see what’s going on in the regions in question. This is absolutely unacceptable. This is my first point.
Second, with regard to doctors’ salaries. In general, the statistics show that salaries in medicine are growing faster than in other industries. Specialists saw their salaries grow 141 percent last year, that is up 41 percent, nurses 80 percent, and paramedics 47 percent.
With regard to the situation described by the nurse from St Petersburg, we need to look carefully into this case in order to understand what’s going on there. I promise you that this is exactly what we are going to do. We will take a thorough look at this medical institution in the Frunzensky District of St Petersburg.
If memory serves, the average salary in St Petersburg is around 37,500 rubles, approximately 37,600. If we use this number as 100 percent, we can arrive at the salary paid to medical personnel as a percentage. If this lady’s salary is 26,600 rubles, or 23,000 after taxes, how much is that as a percentage? She’s a registered nurse. What percentage is that of 37,500? Perhaps less than 80%, but around that figure.
Clearly, this person works one and a half shifts. The Government should then ... The Government makes calculations of real wages: base salary, base salary and a half. I've heard people say this, but we believe that it’s not so important.
Importantly, people are earning this money. But then the Government should clearly and openly say how these salaries are being calculated. Whether they are consistent with workplace safety standards. And so on and so forth. There is, of course, something to work on. But all in all, I repeat, the salaries of medical personnel are growing faster than average salaries across Russia.
As for salaries of 12,000-13,000 ruble being paid to highly skilled professionals, we should also look at specific regions, and we will look at it by all means. Again, this should not be significantly different from the average figures nationwide. We should look at the average wage in this particular region.
However, there’s another point that I’d like to draw your attention to. The Government has issued a resolution whereby salaries of executives in publicly funded institutions should be no more than eight times higher than the average salary in that particular institution.
This difference is high enough to provide a decent salary to senior executives and recognise their managerial abilities and qualifications. Anything above that is unacceptable. I do not rule out the possibility of violations in this area. We will get back to this and take a look at this issue at the local level.
MARIA SITTEL: Mr President, I have here a question about civil liberties, if I may. I will read you a text message from Ilya Belov from Moscow. He asks: “Do you think that the events in Crimea have greatly reduced the place of the liberal opposition in our society?”
VLADIMIR PUTIN: I believe that it has never been very broad in our society, and that it only looked strong. We have a small group of revolutionaries who are far removed from the people, as the classics said, but they are an important part of society. Irina Prokhorova addressed this issue today.
Of course, we should take the opinion of the majority of people into account when taking decisions and shaping our domestic and foreign policy. But we must never disregard the opinion of the minority who have a different opinion of the developments taking place in the country and on the international stage, and we must take their opinion into account and listen to what they have to say. But I cannot say that the government is deliberately trying to limit their space.
MARIA SITTEL: As a follow-up, let's give the Nezavisimaya Gazeta editor-in-chief a chance to ask a question.
TATIANA STOLIAROVA: Mr Remchukov, over to you.
KONSTANTIN REMCHUKOV: Mr Putin, you have touched upon many questions that I wanted to ask you regarding international relations and the level of trust in the world. I belong to a group of Russians who believe that normal relations with the West are good for Russia and its citizens.
We live in a global world and we need to communicate and exchange opinions in all spheres, including the economy, technology, healthcare, education and culture. This is an important and integral part of our civilisation. It’s sad that our relations have deteriorated so much lately.
Interestingly, society has polarised, including on the issue of Crimea: friend-foe, one of us-one of them, black-white, patriot-liberal. If you extrapolate this for domestic policy, these judgments are often mirrored as well. You have made known your position on Crimea and explained your line of thinking: historical circumstances, political injustice, threats, risks, the referendum and the decision.
There are other views as well on this problem, including in our brotherly nation of Ukraine, which are formulated using words, such as violation of Ukraine’s territorial integrity. You can’t easily overcome such a view of this event, all the more so since most nations, including Russia, are very sensitive with regard to territorial integrity. You have signed an addendum to Article 282 of the Penal Code, which will enter into force on May 9, that holds that public calls through the media for separatism or violation of territorial integrity, will be punished by up to five years in prison. This is a serious matter.
That is, hypothetically, if someone writes in a newspaper on May 10, “I believe that Crimea is part of Ukrainian territory,” he or she may well be found guilty. This doesn’t mean that this will necessarily be the case, but there will be grounds for that.
I have a feeling of narrowing of space in this situation. The media is treated almost as the main source of troubles: if someone steals money in the Defence Ministry, or someone has a go at someone, or someone shoots someone, no one is going to shut down the Ministry. They’ll start looking for the corrupt official, put him behind bars, etc.
However, if a journalist misuses a word, they issue an instant warning. The second warning means that the media outlet will be closed and typesetters, editors and proofreaders will be on the receiving end, even though they have nothing to do with such a misstep. They cut off TV channels just because they don’t like their tone of voice.
However, while I understand your message about the need to heed the majority, I still think that the 21st century is all about high-quality discussions. It’s not about being pushy, deciding things by the majority or hooting, but rather a meaningful debate.
Here’s my question. As President, do you need such a nationwide consensus in order to be able to conduct your policies, or do you need the majority in order to carry out your policies, allowing others to breathe and live, including those in the media with alternative views?
VLADIMIR PUTIN: I pretty much answered your question when I said that we will be guided by the opinion of the majority and build our policy based on their interests. Of course, we need to hear other points of view, even if they come from a minority. This is my position. You know, in my everyday work I always listen to what my colleagues have to say. Even if I disagree with them, I always give them a chance to speak and always think that maybe there’s something useful in what they are saying. Before taking a decision, I always try to discuss the problem again, this time from the perspective of the colleague who has a different opinion. This is important in everyday work and in politics, both domestic and international. This is a necessary thing. That's how I feel about it. I believe this answers your question.
With regard to other issues that you mentioned in your remarks, it’s normal to think like that about our relations with the West. Who does not want our relations to be good? We want this. We are part of the common civilisation, which is mostly Christian civilisation. But even Russian Muslims and Russian Jews are very close to us. Fundamentally, we share the same culture. We want our relations to be good, but we simply cannot afford to have someone always presume that we will give up our interests and move the line all the time in exchange for someone agreeing to be friendly with us. For being allowed to sit next to someone, we must make concessions here and there and turn a blind eye to certain things. This is impossible. In the end, we have reached a point beyond which we cannot retreat. You also mentioned our motives. We want to establish good relations with all our partners in the West and the East. Of course, we certainly need to analyse a variety of viewpoints to resolve this or that problem as we develop these approaches.
KIRILL KLEYMENOV: Let’s hear one more point of view: with us in the studio is Viktor Baranets, an observer with the newspaper Komsomolskaya Pravda. Let's give him the floor.
DMITRY SHCHUGOREV: He’s also a colonel, journalist and military expert.
VIKTOR BARANETS: Good afternoon, Mr President.
First, I would like to make a small remark. Dear friends, I would like to ask all of you, those who are listening today and who are sitting in this room, not to use the words “little green men.” I think it is insulting for the people who serve their country, some of whom are present in this room. Let us leave this term to history, to the arrogant manner of addressing soldiers and officers that was current during the times of Vasilyeva and Serdyukov. Thank you.
Now for my question to you, Mr President. It is hard to name an event over the past two decades that injected into the hearts of millions of Russians a more powerful charge of genuine patriotism, rather than poster patriotism, that helped unite the people and the army. This is our most cherished national possession.
And what do we see on the other side? On the other side we see liberal “hamsters” of every stripe who are trying to plunge their little rotten teeth into these pillars of our national pride. Yes, of course, people may have different opinions. But I do not understand what other opinion there may be when 2.5 million people are knocking on our door, asking for help. Are we supposed to tell them, “Guys, get lost, we have enough problems in Russia as it is?” No, we are Christians, we are Russians, and we have opened our door and said, “Welcome home, come back and we shall live together.”
So this is my question to you: we have seen all these provocative marches which carried posters reading “No to War,” and I would like to ask these people, these provocateurs who were marching in Moscow waving posters that read “We Are Against War,” where did they see war in Crimea? Did they see anything similar to what is happening in the southeast now? If we had not brought back Crimea to where it belongs today Crimea would have turned into a huge Maidan or into what we are witnessing today in the southeast of Ukraine.
Mr President, I think the challenge facing the state today is to defend our victories, the Victory in the Great Patriotic War and this other national victory for which we are responsible to ourselves and our posterity.
Thank you very much.
VLADIMIR PUTIN: Thank you for your views and your uncompromising stand on sensitive problems and issues. I think you are right, but we should use a different set of instruments in conducting the discussion. On the one hand, one cannot apply harsh epithets to the people who have made a substantial, if not the decisive, contribution to enabling the people of Crimea to express their will. They are our servicemen. As I have already said, their actions were very courageous, decisive and highly professional. Analysts will yet study and draw lessons from what has been done and how.
But on the other hand the “hamsters” have sharp teeth, they have no rotten teeth and they don’t need to see a doctor. If they had bad teeth they would all die out. So let us not talk about “little green men” on the one hand and “hamsters with rotten teeth” on the other, let us upgrade the culture of our communication and our discussion. It would do us all good.
KIRILL KLEYMENOV: Mr Putin, I suggest we do a lightning round for some questions.
Masha and I have selected some and I know that you usually select the most original and interesting questions.
VLADIMIR PUTIN: Sure.
KIRILL KLEYMENOV: Please give short answers, if possible.
Dmitry Dutrov from Tambov Region asks: “There is a trend in the Government of replacing old governors. Will this positive trend continue?”
VLADIMIR PUTIN: You know, this is not a trend. There is no trend at all.
Moreover, I will tell you that the governor corps in Russia is healthy and strong. They are ready to take responsibility for their regions. Many of them achieve excellent results.
I can see Mr Kadyrov here. He does a lot for his region.
Only a few years ago, Minutka Square [in Grozny] was totally run-down. I remember flying over Grozny in a helicopter and there was nothing to look at. We even raised the issue of moving the Chechen capital to another city because we didn’t believe it would be possible to restore it. Now the city is prospering. A lot has been done in Krasnodar Territory, especially in Sochi.
Of course, there are still problems in the North Caucasus – for example, unemployment and other problems in Ingushetia and Dagestan. But there has been some progress. And it is amazing what is happening in other regions, like Kaluga Region, which, with its scarce natural resources, has achieved outstanding results in increasing regional GDP. However, if we encounter any ethical violations, any abuse of power, we reserve the right to make the appropriate personnel decisions.
MARIA SITTEL: Mr President, our audience is curious. What is your favourite movie?
VLADIMIR PUTIN: “Chapayev”, of course.
KIRILL KLEYMENOV: Here is another interesting question. “Mr President, first I have to say you look tired – please take a few days off. Second, I’m very concerned with the following issue: When will the Russian coat of arms appear on Russian bank notes?
VLADIMIR PUTIN: It is for the Central Bank to decide according to Russian law. It hasn’t occurred to me, but I will think about that.
MARIA SITTEL: By the way, you have your own folder, Mr Putin. You can take out questions yourself if you like.
VLADIMIR PUTIN: Yes, I have chosen some. I don’t know if they are interesting but they should be informative at least. We have just talked about replacing governors. I hope this doesn’t really concern governors. This is not even a question, just someone thinking out loud: “Maybe if you publicly execute at least 350 major crooks, like they did in China, your people will support you.”
You know, I would like to stress that in our country thieves have never been executed. It is not the severity of the punishment but its unavoidability. This is what we strive for. But I read this question to let officials at various levels of government know what the public mood is like.
MARIA SITTEL: Why don’t you make official state visits to the United States? Are they not allowing you to enter the country or do you not want to go?
VLADIMIR PUTIN: Nothing of the sort. We were planning some contacts but our American counterparts decided to suspend this work. But I hope that eventually we will be back on the same track.
Here’s a question: “Will there be another iron curtain?”
The iron curtain is a Soviet invention, a domestic phenomenon. We are not going to isolate our country, our people and our society from anyone. No, there won’t be an iron curtain.
“Mr Putin, why does the United States do whatever it wants and remain unpunished while Russia has to face punishment?”
You know, this seems to be a simple question but it is quite important. The United States is a major global player and at a certain point it seemed to think that it was the only leader and a unipolar system was established. Now we can see that it is not the case and everything in the world is interrelated. If they try to punish someone like misbehaving children or to stand them in the corner on a sack of peas or do something to hurt them, eventually they will bite the hand that feeds them. Sooner or later, they will realise this.
So what is the score? You know, I’d rather not speak metaphorically about this. This is not a sports competition. We are partners and I hope our future entails good development prospects because our interests correspond in many aspects. These include international security, non-proliferation of weapons, combating terrorism, and the global economy. These are our common interests with the US. We will not be able to succeed in these issues if we don’t join forces.
“We live some 250 km away from Moscow…” Then it says that their village is in quite a poor condition. “Could you send your representatives here?” The Governor is my representative there. So I’m asking the Governor to immediately go there and see what’s happening. This village is in Tula Region. Therefore, this task is for the Tula Governor.
Here is an interesting question about the Crimean economy and banking system. The first part of the question concerns certain difficulties, including economic issues. The second part is as follows: “I hired a car on lease from Privatbank. It will take me only two years to repay the loan. The car officially belongs to Avtoprivat Group in Kiev. Privatbank no longer operates in Crimea. What am I supposed to do?”
Please use the car and don’t worry. If Mr Kolomoisky and Mr Finkelstein don’t want your money, it’s their problem.
But another and more important question concerns private bank accounts, which is very serious. I would like to note that we have a database of Privatbank and Oschadbank depositors. We will of course act according to the data we have. But the decision is almost made, so if people lose any money they have in their accounts we will repay them up to 700,000 roubles in line with Russian laws.
VLADIMIR PUTIN: “Will you agree to remain president for life?” No.
“Mr President, how many hours do you sleep?” Six, as I said.
“I’m Daniil Chuchin from Shchetino Children’s Home #1. Could you say ‘hello’ to me?”
Daniil, hello to you and all your friends and acquaintances, to everyone living in this children’s home. I hope we’ll meet one day.
Here’s an interesting question from Albina. She’s six years old and her question is about Russian-US relations. Just wait, you’ll like it.
“Do you think President Obama would save you if you were drowning?”
I sure hope this doesn’t happen, but you know that there are personal relationships as well as relations between governments. I can’t say that I have a special personal relationship with the US President, but I think he is a decent man and brave enough. So, I think he definitely would.
“I’d like to have a Q&A like this with our ministers at least once a year. Otherwise, it’s not democracy.”
You know, the Government has established a whole agency – the Open Government. If such questions are being asked now (I picked this one out on purpose), that means the Open Government is not so open after all and isn’t doing such a good job.
VLADIMIR PUTIN: "We’re asking you questions now. But what if these questions were put to the regional Governor?”
As you know, in many of Russia’s regions, Governors regularly appear in the media and reach out to the public. This is something I know for a fact.
This question is from Rostov Region. And if this is indeed an issue, the Rostov Region Governor should draw the appropriate conclusions. Hopefully, he’ll listen to this.
“If you weren’t President, which of the Russian regions would you want to live in?”
St Petersburg, of course. That’s where I was born, after all. It’s my home city.
Christina says she is “ready to come to Moscow with her parents to shake my hand.”
Thank you very much, Christina. Let me invite you and your parents to the Victory Day parade on May 9.
VLADIMIR PUTIN: I thought for a long while about whether to answer this question at all. It is not a question that would fit in a blitz Q&A section. This is a philosophical question. I’ll read it out. This question was asked by Yekaterina Shcherbonos from St Petersburg: “I’m asking you as a politician but I’d like to hear your personal rather than political opinion. What is the Russian people to you? By virtue of your position you’ve probably been to all countries of the world. You’ve seen a tremendous number of nations and ethnic groups and learned about their cultural traditions, national habits, cuisine and arts. In this context I’d like to ask you: In your opinion, what does it mean to be Russian? What do you think about their pluses and minuses, their weaknesses and strengths?”
Well, some specialists believe that the people as a community do not have specific features, that only individuals have them. I find it hard to accept this position because if people are using the same language, live in a common state, on a common territory with a certain climate, if they have common cultural values and history, they are bound to have some common features.
As for our people, our country, like a magnet, has attracted representatives of different ethnic groups, nations and nationalities. Incidentally, this has become the backbone not only for our common cultural code but also a very powerful genetic code, because genes have been exchanged during all these centuries and even millennia as a result of mixed marriages.
And this genetic code of ours is probably, and in fact almost certainly, one of our main competitive advantages in today’s world. This code is very flexible and enduring. We don’t even feel it but it is certainly there.
So what are our particular features? We do have them, of course, and I think they rely on values. It seems to me that the Russian person or, on a broader scale, a person of the Russian world, primarily thinks about his or her highest moral designation, some highest moral truths. This is why the Russian person, or a person of the Russian world, does not concentrate on his or her own precious personality…
Of course, in everyday life we all think about how to live a wealthier and better life, to be healthier and help our family, but these are still not the main values. Our people open themselves outward. Western values are different and are focused on one’s inner self. Personal success is the yardstick of success in life and this is acknowledged by society. The more successful a man is, the better he is.
This is not enough for us in this country. Even very rich people say: “Okay, I’ve made millions and billions, so what next?” At any rate, everything is directed outward, and oriented toward society. I think only our people could have come up with the famous saying: “Meeting your death is no fear when you have got people round you.” How come? Death is horrible, isn’t it? But no, it appears it may be beautiful if it serves the people: death for one’s friends, one’s people or for the homeland, to use a modern word.
These are the deep roots of our patriotism. They explain mass heroism during armed conflicts and wars and even sacrifice in peacetime. Hence there is a feeling of fellowship and family values. Of course, we are less pragmatic, less calculating than representatives of other peoples, and we have bigger hearts. Maybe this is a reflection of the grandeur of our country and its boundless expanses. Our people have a more generous spirit.
I don’t want to offend anyone by saying this. Many peoples have their own advantages but this is certainly ours. An intensive genetic, informational and cultural exchange is going on in the modern world. There is no doubt that other peoples have precious and useful things that we can borrow, but we have relied for centuries on our own values, which have never let us down and will stand us in good stead in the future.
Thank you very much. (Applause.)
MARIA SITTEL: Thank you, Mr President.
KIRILL KLEYMENOV: Thank you. | <urn:uuid:cdd171c0-6b55-439d-8f03-56bf569c37dd> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://russiaeu.ru/ru/node/1618 | 2023-12-04T22:47:15Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100535.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20231204214708-20231205004708-00554.warc.gz | en | 0.968428 | 39,915 | [
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8 Days - 7 Nights
Atacama, Salta & Uyuni Salt Flat
|PRICE IN USD (From ...)||
|SERVICES NOT INCLUDED||
8 days - 7 nights
Day 1 - Knowing Salta
Reception and transfer from Salta Airport to the hotel.
We will start our tour along the city from the nice 9 de Julio Square, so eye-catching because of its decorated coloured quarries and its fruited trees which leave a nice fragrance in the salteño air. From the square we will be able to have a first vision of its history and colonial past, as we will be surrounded by old buildings such as the Cabildo, the Cathedral, the Church of San Francisco, the Convent of San Bernardo de las Monjas Carmelitas, one of the oldest buildings in the city which was the entrance door to the convent and it is made of carob wood that was carved by the natives in 1762; its old houses complete the historical quarter, which are today very important monuments.
Then, we will go to the impressive and most recognised hill in the salteña city: Cerro San Bernardo. Before getting to it, we will tour along the streets, getting to Güemes monument, an argentinian general who is known because of its ideals of freedom, dispise to materialism and his love to his Motherland. We will get to San Martín Park where we will find the cable railway station, our means of transport to get to the hill so we can have an amazing panoramic of the city and its surroundings, with the hills at the background.
After the ascent, we will continue to a really charming place, which is chosen by many tourists because of its wonderful natural attractions and the different activities to do: the summer village of San Lorenzo, where we will find the Quebrada, an ideal place to spend the day at the edge of the river, listening its relaxing sounds. We will enjoy our way to it, as we will go through flowered Gardens, mansions and castles which are surrounded by small hills and where we can do (horse) riding, trekking and pic-nic. We will go back to the city, going through the Handmade Market (Mercado Artesanal) first, where we will be able to get some souvenirs from this beautiful city, such as silver and pottery pieces, rustic fabric of llama wool, craftwork in leather, among others.
Day 2 - Safari to the Clouds – Salinas Grandes – Purmamarca
Breakfast at the hotel. We will tour the road that the Train to the Clouds does, even visiting the Big Salts (Salinas Grandes) to Purmamarca. Campo Quijano will be the first village that we are going to cross, it is a peaceful town in which we have to highlight Las Lomitas Dike, where we are going to get beautiful views of its farms and green hills such as the Arenales river landscape in El Encón, it is a traditional town in the Lerma Valley, very well known for being the entrance door to the Puna, where the Train to the Clouds railway tracks go past.
We will continue our tour going through Río Blanco, which is surrounded by pure nature, we will get to Quebrada del Toro, which stretches to Puerta Tastil, a small precolumbian city which has its higher development in the XIV century and then, it strangely disappeared, in this very same village it appears the Río Blanco again that goes along the way. The prehispanic city of Tastil represents the entrance "door" to Quebrada de las Cuevas, where we will find the archaelogical Ruins of Tastil. We will continue by Abra Blanca which is located at 4080 metres over the level of the sea to San Antonio de los Cobres, a small village that is found at 4000 metres over the level of the sea and it is famous because the Pachamama (Madre Tierra) National Festivity takes place there. Besides, it is the best spot in the Train to the Clouds.
We will continue on the Route 40 to the Big Salts (Salinas Grandes), now in Jujuy, which are at 3450 metres over the level of the sea, aproximately. These stretch through the Puna Jujeña region. The origin of the salts date from 5 and 10 millions years ago, in which period this salt´s basin was covered with water with a great quantity of salts because of the volcanic activity, and little by little, the evaporation of these waters gave rise to this big salt, which is an spectacle to enjoy and it contrast with the sky. We will descend the Cuesta de Lipán and we will get to Purmamarca town, located at the foot of Cerro de los Siete Colores.
Day 3 - Departure to San Pedro de Atacama
Breakfast in the Hotel. will go to the city of San Pedro de Atacama by bus regular by the Paso de Jama. Reception at the bus station of San Pedro of Atacama and transfer to the hotel.
Day 4 - Atacama Desert & Altiplanic Lagoons
Breakfast at the hotel. We will go to Toconao town so we can previously visit this oasis. It is located at 2500 metres over the level of the sea aproximately, where the Bell Tower Church (Iglesia Campanario), the Quebrada de Jerez, a place where the old inhabitants have left their marks with cave drawings, also called petroglyphs stresses the most. This town is the entrance door to the Atacama Salt, which is our aim point, that has its origin in a lake of big dimensions under a carpet of salt. Its extension gets up to 100 km aproximately.
Once we are there, we will visit the Chaxa Lagoon, located at the edge of the Salt, which is the habitat for many species of flora such as the engrana salada, brea, among others, apart from some animals like the andean and chilean flamingo, andean seagull, playeros de Baird, pequenes, black breast swallow and small tricolour sea chicken. It is a landscape which contrasts with the sky and clouds in a perfect way and they offer us an amazing visual about life in that place. Chaxa Lagoon also belongs to Los Flamencos National Reserve.
Then, we will go around the Salt to get to Socaire, a precolumbian village at 3250 metres over the level of the sea and it is divided into a farm area in terrace, the town and the farmhouses. So, we get to Miñiques and Miscanti altiplanic lagoons while we ascend at 4000 metres over the level of the sea, that is why we are going to be careful so we can enjoy the visit to this amazing lagoons, which were formed a million years ago when the Miñiques Volcano eruption took place. There we will be able to watch flamingos, tagua cornuda, ducks, juar-jual, caiti, guallata goose, ñandu, llamas, guanacos, fox, vizcachas, vicuñas and alpacas. This impressive landscape is surrounded by volcanos and mountain reliefs, where the Miscati and Miñiques hills stresses the most. We will return to San Pedro de Atacama.
Day 5 - Tatio Geysers & High Plain towns
Breakfast at the hotel. We will get up very early in the morning to do our next visit to the Tatio Geysers, in the Tatio Volcano National Reserve, so we can spend the morning enjoying this amazing spectacle. This is the best time because it is when they spout out (between 6 and 7 in the morning) at temperatures that reach 85ºC and they can get between 8 and 9 metres high, we will really gaze at this admirable spectacle. These jets (mix of water and steam) are produced when the circulating groundwater comes into contact with the volcano´s magma. They are at more than 4000 metres over the level of the sea and, of course, our visit and tour will take extreme caution and we will see them at a considerable distance.
Later, we will have the opportunity to visit the thermal water pool where we will take advantage of a relaxing bath in these waters, at a 40ºC temperature, aproximately.
When we return to San Pedro de Atacama, we will do a visit to Machuca town, where we will see its buildings made of mud and brava straw. There are very few people living in the town but they are dedicated to agriculture, cheese production, among other farm activities. The Salada Lagoon is very close to this town, where big communities of flamingos, ducks and seagulls live and offer us a great spectacle together with their beautiful landscapes.
Day 6 - Altiplanic Lagoons: Colorada, Verde & Blanca, Siloli Desert, Arbol de Piedra & Sol de Mañana
We leave San Pedro de Atacama in Chile to go to the Chilean-Bolivian border at Hito Cajón, 4,500 metres, where we take a transfer before going on to San Juan del Rosario, our night time destination. Along the route we pass the Altiplanos lakes, a true show of natural colours commencing with the White lake (laguna blanca), Green lake (laguna verde) and then later the Red lake (laguna colorada). All the lakes are covered with pink flamingos and andino birds.
The lakes are situated in the Eduardo Abaroa National Reserve of Fauna Andina in Potosí and take their colourings from their mineral content. The emerald green lake is produced by the presence of magnesium. The Red lake, which is closest to the Chilean border, is produced by the presence of algaes that change from brown to strong red in colour. These lakes are ideal for the breeding of Flamingos because of their mineral content.
The Sol de Mañana is the zone where we come across the Laguna Colorada on the way to the Salar de Chalviri that is at an altitude of 5,0000 metres. This region in particular has a lot of volcanic activity with the presence of geysers that are in the craters of lava that are in a state of boiling the water. The geysers give out plumes of water that reach up to 20 metres and are a combination of water and vapour. This landscape seems to takes us back to the creation of the land.
On the way we make a point of seeing the 'Arbol de piedra', Stone tree. It is a natural geomorphic formation produced by wind erosion. After, we pass the Siloli Desert famous for its rock formations and considered part of the Atacama Desert and the entrance to the Eduardo Abaroa National Fauna Reserve. We arrive at an altitude of 4,000 and the road becomes one of sand and minerals. Once we arrive at Los Flamencos Ecolodge we relax after the journey.
Day 7 - Incahuasi Island, Uyuni Salt Flat, Colchani & Uyuni
We then visit the Incahuasi Island that is right in the middle of the salt deposits and in the Quechua language is translated as the 'House of the Inca'. We have lunch at the Island restaurant where the tables are made out of salt. Here we can take a trail round the island where we can see many huge cacti that are up to 10 metres of height and experience the sensational cobalt blue skies. We then travel on to San Juan del Rosario where we have dinner and sleep.
We visit the Uyuni Salt Flat. Here we encounter a great plain of salt on the altiplanos where the horizons seem infinite. The salt plains are the largest on earth, an incredible sea of salt that you cannot imagine. It gives the sensation of an unending ice field. At night the stars shine so brilliantly and are reflected on the plains. Many say there is a fusion of the stars and earth at this point and time stops to hear the sound of the frozen wind. The salt plain covers 25,000 square kilometers and lies at 3,660 metres. All year round the temperature oscillates between -25°C during the night and 20°C during the day generating a altitudal climate with little rain and strong solar radiation.
We also visit Colchani on the edge of the salt plains. Its indigenous population is dedicated to the artisanal extraction of the salt. They live in another dimension of time. Colchani is not a tourist town although the Indians are used to a flow of tourists. There are many ruined and abandoned houses that show the economic effect of its closed railway station.
We will know the surroundings of Uyuni, where we will visit the Train Cemetery. A site full of old-fashioned railway machines that take us back many years when the splendor of mining flooded railroads into Bolivia. In fact, the first railroad was Uyuni - Antofagasta at the end of the 19th century. This transported silver from the Huanchaca mines. That was the beginning of the route that today goes from Oruro to Villazón. When this precious material was finished, he left localities such as Atocha or Tupiza, which depended on the passage of the train.
Day 8 - Uyuni
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Ever wonder why it seems your dog is in a good mood all the waking hours of the day? Perhaps adopting a dog’s sleep habits might help you emulate the feeling.
A bad night’s sleep is the worst when it comes to getting things accomplished and feeling good during what should be a great day. The effects due to lack of sleep on mood, productivity, creativity, and even the quality of our relationships take a bigger toll on our health than most realize.
Anyone who does have trouble sleeping most likely have read all the “regular” things to do in order to get better sleep. The concept becomes nothing more than a repeated set of rules that get ignored, similar to the simple rules of training a well behaved dog.
Finding a new outlook and different perspective is the answer to changing any sort of habit you’ve developed. Sleep is no different. That being the case here are some ideas that may just be on the level of an “ah-ha moment” and getting some quality sleep along the way.
Sleep Like a Dog
Dogs may not have the same stress and anxiety as we do, but they do have certain routines you can practice that prepare you for a great night’s sleep.
Eat Several Hours Before Going To Bed
Following this rule of the paw is much easier when you are dog, generally because dogs get fed only twice a day and they have no other choice. Getting up off the couch and wandering over to the fridge to aimlessly snack isn’t an option. Maybe eating like a dog is in order for better health! Eat at meal times and don’t snack just before going to bed.
Don’t Drink Alcohol
The beverage of choice for a dog is water, again, simply because it is the only thing available. Taking alcohol out of the picture would most likely find large numbers of people wagging more. Not such a bad idea, yet we still willingly tip those unwanted calories with bad side effects regularly. If you have trouble sleeping this may be one to give a serious try.
Reduce the Bright Light of the Computer Screen
Computers, Blackberries, iPhones, the television… we live in a digital age and much of our entertainment comes from our computer screen. If we aren’t working on them, we are playing on Twitter or Facebook, “chatting” with a friend or catching up on a bit of work before going to sleep. It is almost a ridiculous thought to make it a rule to limit screen time before bed these days. If it is an impossibility for you, try dimming the screen, creating a low light effect to enhance preparation for sleep.
Take a Power Nap in a Sunny Spot
Ever notice how your dog will find the spot in the house where the sun is shining through the window creating a nice cozy warm sleeping zone? Sleep is sleep is sleep and especially if you are lacking enough sleep at night by all means go for the power nap during the day. Find a cozy warm spot, curl up, catch a few refreshing zz’s just like your dog, and go back to a productive day.
Get Out and Exercise
Most exercise should be done in the morning or afternoon. Don’t get your heart racing just before you plan on shutting it all down for sleep. Dogs love the chance to run around and stretch it out first thing in the morning, regardless of the weather, time of year, or lack of coffee. Head out the door with your dog first thing in the morning to set your day off to a better start. Numerous studies conclude exercise induces good sleep habits.
Get Enough Sunlight
Dogs typically don’t understand the odd hours we humans have started keeping. Staying up later and later into the night is becoming normal. Before we had such great late night television shows available people went to sleep closer to sunset and awoke at sunrise.
Dogs seems to maintain this routine better than people now days. It may have something to do with the fact that dogs usually get the appropriate amount of sunlight. There is a real advantage to having to go outside to go to the bathroom! On any account, getting sunlight every day can help with your sleep cycles so make sure to get outside and soak up some real daylight.
A Comfortable Bed
Dogs sleep in many positions. Most dogs have a little ritual before laying down. Fluff up the bed, turn around three times and curl up in a nice warm little ball. Once in a deep sleep you’ll see dogs roll over on their back completely stretched out. Comfortable. Asleep. Set your sleeping space up so it is comfortable and dark, with room to curl up and stretch out in your best slumbering moments.
Think of it as your den. Take the time to slow down and get away from the computer, the phone, TV and the hustle bustle of the world. Take a rest in your own comfy den and come out refreshed and ready to wag.
Jt Clough is a professional dog trainer and writes at www.DogTrainingSanDiego.com Creating a balanced life with calm dog training techniques through her long time commitment to health and fitness, Clough a finisher of 9 Ironmans, and creator of dog running programs inspires people by introducing playtime in life through the eyes of a dog.
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Jojo Siwa’s pregnancy status has been the subject of speculation. In order to set the record straight, the reality star took to TikTok to explain the situation. She captioned her video, “I got out of gymnastics and found out the news this is a good one.
” Jojo was seated in the car, laughingly assuring everyone that she was not pregnant and addressing the rumors that had been circulating.
Jojo started the rumor when she allegedly shared an Instagram photo of a positive pregnancy test, and many of her TikTok fans actually believed it. Initially linked to the “#KRISSED” trend, in which people made up stories about famous people and ended them with “You’ve been #KRISSED,” the rumor spread rapidly.
One of Siwa’s fans even made a video spreading the pregnancy rumor as a response to the claims, but the rumors persisted.
The 19-year-old Jojo, a dancer from Nebraska, became famous after appearing twice on the American reality show Dance Moms. Her TikTok fan base has grown to over 45 million people and is still growing rapidly. In June of 2022, when the rumor first surfaced, Jojo chose to remain silent. Nonetheless, it reemerged, and she made a TikTok video in response to it.
Who Is Jojo Siwa?
American dancer, singer, and Internet personality Joelle Joanie “JoJo” Siwa (born May 19, 2003), better known by her stage name JoJo, is known for her videos on the video-sharing website YouTube.
She and her mother, Jessalynn Siwa, became household names after appearing on two seasons of Dance Moms and releasing the hit singles “Boomerang” and “Kid in a Candy Store” respectively.
Siwa maintains a YouTube channel called “Its JoJo Siwa,” where she posts vlogs about her life. In 2020, she will be included in Time magazine’s annual list of the 100 most influential people in the world. Some of Jake Paul’s recent comments have sparked pregnancy rumors. As reported by the photographers, Jake exclaimed, “my girl is pregnant.”
American dancer, singer, and YouTube personality “JoJo” Siwa. Jojo Siwa’s full name is Joelle Joanie “JoJo” Siwa. She became well-known thanks to her two seasons on Dance Moms with her mom, Jessalynn Siwa.
She sang “Boomerang” and “Kid in a Candy Store,” two of her most popular songs, on the program. YouTube star JoJo Siwa documents her daily life on the “Its JoJo Siwa” channel. She will be among the world’s 100 most influential people in Time’s 2020 list.
What Has Jojo Siwa Said In Response To Speculation That She Is Expecting?
In the wake of her TikTok video’s upload, she received a deluge of compliments and playful responses. A user said something like, “well congratulations!! I’m not kidding,
every time you open this app, you learn something fascinating about yourself. Finding out you’re pregnant through tiktok is the only right way,” said another user.
As a public figure and dancer, she felt compelled to address the rumor via her TikTok account and publish the video in which she denounces the pregnancy rumors as false. Her video has been viewed by over 20 million people, with over 5.5 million people giving it a thumbs up.
Is It Officially Announced That She Is Pregnant?
She announced to her audience, “Everyone, it looks like I’m pregnant. “Oh my God, I adore TikTok!” she exclaimed to herself. Jojo Siwa then shared a photo of herself dancing in her backyard. A user worriedly remarked, “Is that baby okay?” Pregnancy rumors surrounding Siwa began in June, shortly after the #KRISSED trend went viral.
The hashtag #KRISSED was used to denote a social media trend in which users spread false rumors about celebrities and signed off their videos with the phrase “you’ve been #KRISSED.” One user joined the trend by posting a video in which they speculated that JoJo was expecting. It was a hit, and the video quickly went viral.
More and more people began to believe that Siwa was pregnant as a result, and thousands of videos were made about the possibility of a Siwa child. The video Jojo posted to address the rumors has been liked over 2.6 million times, with comments like “Well, congratulations!! I’m not joking when I say, “With every new use of this app, you’ll discover something fascinating about yourself.”
“I thought you were going to break the news here,” commented another user. Thirdly, “TikTok is the only way to find out you’re pregnant,” was posted by someone who needed help. Recognized dance instructor Abby Lee Miller chimed in with three shocked emojis.
JoJo Siwa and her long-term girlfriend Cyrus Avery have broken up. The 19-year-old Nickelodeon mogul and her 22-year-old TikTok creator boyfriend, who publicly announced their relationship in September, have broken up, Cyrus said in a comment on a TikTok post on Saturday.
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Medical students make parents proud, don’t they? Why is this? Because getting into med school is a difficult period. The admissions board wants to know about you, and your personal statement tells them what they need to know – it tells them why you should be allowed to make your dream of becoming a doctor a reality at their school. It tells them what your hopes and dreams are, and about why you want to become a doctor.
Your Medical School Professional Personal Statement Is Your First Impression on the Admissions Board!
The problem is that when students apply to med school, personal statement writing is not the first thing on their mind. In fact, having to appeal to the school’s admissions board can make students nervous – so nervous that their medical school professional personal statement most likely contains errors and errors are the last things you want the admissions board to see. Why? Errors mean lack of attention to detail – and attention to detail is one of the most important qualities a doctor must have. For these reasons and more, students are beginning to ask for help with writing and proofreading their personal statements.
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For those students who feel they do not have the time or the ability, they are turning to medical school professional personal statement writing services for help. Students who have already written their personal statement for med school are turning to personal statement editing services and students who need help with both turns to personal statement writing services that can do both.
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Ok, so you’re probably asking yourself - why does a podcast need a website? It’s a question I asked myself for a long while after we launched Pixels & Pints (and Bounty Hunter Banter was no more). The old BHB website took a lot of manual effort to keep up to date, and between Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, YouTube and the podcast audio feed itself, surely we had enough “presence“ already?
But the question itself also contains the answer: we have lots of places we post different kinds of content, but we wanted somewhere we could bring it all together - a Hub, if you will.
So here it is! Our new little home. From here you’ll be able to see our latest image posts to Instagram (Facebook has always been a clone in terms of content anyway), our YouTube videos, get a little more insight into your hosts, and of course, listen to the podcast itself. You can also contact us directly if you have any feedback about any of our antics, and of course, you’ll find links to all the various dark corners of the internet we’ve posted the original content.
This is Your Place!
Yes, our website consolidates all the various content we're spewing in various other places all over the interwebs; but at the end of the day, it's really here to provide you with a voice when it comes to Pixels & Pints. Have a suggestion for content we should cover in our next recording? Have feedback on what you love or hate about our show? Want to correct something that came out of Pete's mouth without a link to reality? Want us to review a specific beer, graphic novel, video game or movie? Do you run a venue and wouldn't mind a little bit of mutual publicity by having us record from there? Or are you crazy enough to want to be a guest host on an upcoming episode and have something you think you can bring to the show in terms of relevant content?
Well, we want to hear from you! Head on over to the Contact page from the menu and drop us a line. And don't be shy either - constructive criticism is very welcome and probably the single most useful thing we could receive in order to improve our content!
But Wait - There’s More
Yep, we’ve got way more content planned! Seriously. We've been bouncing some ideas around for a little while now, and once the website is in a place we want it to be in (as a starting point anyway), we'll start crystalising those ideas into actual content. So, nothing is final at this stage, but some of the things we've discussed are:
Updated artwork (ok, this one is definite, you'll see more of this soon)
Swag. Yep, we'll be adding a page shortly that will allow you to show your support for the show by wearing our artwork on a shirt, hoodie or a range of other things.
Donation\Sponsorship Page. This one's a bit controversial to us, and we'll take our time to get this right. We've always run this exclusively as a hobby, and we'll never compromise the integrity of our opinion on anything for the sake of advertising; but it does cost a chunk of change to host and maintain the content. We've got absolutely zero intention to stop anytime soon regardless, but if people are fans and want to show their support with a dollar or two, then we'd be hugely grateful. We're not quite sure how we'll structure it yet, but Patreon is a possibility, as there's plenty of ideas for exclusive content bouncing around that we could easily bring to sponsors as a way of saying thank you.
Like I said, there's loads of new stuff coming soon, so make sure you watch this space as it'll be updated pretty regularly as we progress thoughts into plans into execution. Hopefully without breaking anything (or killing anyone) along the way. Stay tuned! | <urn:uuid:7328a792-4648-47de-86de-3b11e2d874ea> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.pixelsnpints.com.au/post/website-activated-1 | 2023-12-06T05:29:27Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100583.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20231206031946-20231206061946-00454.warc.gz | en | 0.962685 | 823 | [
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This standard specifies the technical requirements and test methods for the exterior protection of passenger cars. This standard applies to passenger car and specifies the terms and definitions, test conditions, test methods and technical requirements after the test for the external protection of passenger cars.
Status: Under developmentYou can help develop this draft international standard by contacting your national memberStage: DIS ballot initiated: 12 weeks [40.20]
Edition: 1Number of pages: 6
Technical Committee :ISO/TC 22ICS :43.040.80
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While the usual idea of tourists may bring to mind families enjoying theme parks or couples eating foreign cuisine and visiting museums, some crave action and adventure on vacation. They may simultaneously feel the need for a different type of experience. This may be a longing to visit historical sites, a penchant for intensive physical activity, or a desire to travel to exotic locations and learn about other cultures. Some adventurers may even want to combine these elements into one adventure.
If this sounds like you, then South America has your perfect vacation destination. Experience this beautiful continent as few will ever have the opportunity to do. Learn about an ancient culture, visit magnificent ruins, and challenge yourself to complete a demanding, one of a kind hike. The Salkantay trek in Peru has all this and more waiting for you.
See What Makes the Salkantay Unique
While the ultimate goal of the journey is Machu Picchu, this is neither the typical tour nor the usual path, which is the Classic Inca Trail. Instead, you have unregulated access to the site and can travel without a guide. With the Salkantay Pass, you will find yourself crossing 4600 meters high. There are still Incan Ruins to explore during your adventure, and you will be able to enjoy the highest peak of the Willkapampa Range as well as one of the most iconic mountains of the Cusco Region. It truly is an incomparable adventure.
If this sounds like the type of adventure you want during your vacation, there are several options from which to choose. Budget-minded adventurers can find both four and five-day options for only a few hundred dollars, while those who want a slightly less cumbersome trek can include riders and horses for carrying gear for a few hundred more. There are both four day and five-day options depending on which experience you book. Whichever option you choose, once you leave your Cusco accommodations, your nights will be spent roughing it under the stars and sleeping in tents. This is a true outdoor adventure that even the fittest will find challenging.
Visit Machu Picchu for an Unforgettable Experience
Machu Picchu has a unique and fascinating history tied to a unique and fascinating part of the world. This ancient site is awaiting your next vacation adventure. Take a trek like no other and give yourself bragging rights once you return home. Challenge yourself, and experience one of the best treks South America has to offer. | <urn:uuid:7cddc7e1-e8b7-420f-956e-896cec6e20b5> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.travelbite.co.uk/best-treks-to-check-out-in-south-america/ | 2023-12-07T09:22:30Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100651.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20231207090036-20231207120036-00354.warc.gz | en | 0.942073 | 496 | [
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The National Archives have requested that all former US Presidents search their homes for misplaced documents.
Recently, it was discovered that current US President Joe Biden had several classified documents in his private home, leftovers from his time as Vice President. Not long after, it was discovered that former Vice President Mike Pence had several classified documents in his own home, discovered after a personal search. These discoveries come after last year’s raid of former President Donald Trump’s Mar-a-Lago resort, which also turned up multiple classified documents.
Following these discoveries, the National Archives have decided it’s time to be a bit more proactive with their paperwork. In an official letter from the Archives to the representatives of all former Presidents and Vice Presidents, they requested that a record search be performed to determine if any more classified documents had been misplaced.
In their letter, the Archives stressed that even after a President’s term ends, they and their staff are obligated to comply with the Presidential Records Act. “Therefore, we request that you conduct an assessment of any materials held outside of (the Archives) that relate to the administration for which you serve as a designated representative under the PRA, to determine whether bodies of materials previously assumed to be personal in nature might inadvertently contain Presidential or Vice Presidential records subject to the PRA, whether classified or unclassified.”
Past US presidents, VPs asked to recheck their personal records for classified documents https://t.co/xv1L2Ck8sH
— Dallas Morning News (@dallasnews) January 27, 2023
So far, the only representative to respond publicly to the letter is Freddy Ford, chief of staff to former President George W. Bush. “Thank you for your note,” he responded. “We understand its purpose and remain confident that no such materials are in our possession.” | <urn:uuid:2f9f07eb-d41b-4a0e-9af7-1c7c05f24726> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.schtic.com/previous-presidents-asked-to-search-for-classified-documents/ | 2023-12-09T21:51:11Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100972.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20231209202131-20231209232131-00154.warc.gz | en | 0.973487 | 387 | [
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One service we provide that adds value is custom fitting. Less than 1% of the golfing population has ever been fit for golf clubs; our goal is to fit 100% of our customers. Custom club fitting can provide a benefit to players of all skill levels.
2nd Swing has been recognized and awarded several service and fitting awards. In 2011, 2nd Swing was honored by Ping and developed the Ping nFlight Performance and Fitting Studios in our retail stores. Also in 2011, Bettinardi Golf recognized 2nd Swing as a premier putter fitter and awarded us the Studio B Fitting Studio. 2nd Swing Minnetonka is 1 of only 3 Studio B Fitting Studios in the country. In 2013, 2nd Swing achieved a long sought after goal of becoming a Ping Authorized Internet Retailer A.2nd Swing is 1 of only 10 A. 2013 and 2014 Ping Top 100 Club Fitter. 2009 and 2012 Ping Regional Fitter of the Year. 2011, 2012, 2013, and 2014 Mizuno Top 100 Fitter. 2012 and 2013 Cobra Fitter of the Year - Minnesota.
2011, 2012, 2013, and 2014 Taylormade Fitter of the Year - Minnesota. 2012 and 2013 Bettinardi National Fitter of the Year. 2013, 2014, 2015 and 2016 Golf Digest Top 100 Fitter of the Year - Minneapolis.2013, 2014, 2015 and 2016 Golf Digest Top 100 Fitter of the Year - Minnetonka. Every customer represents an opportunity to share our mission. Our goal is to wow customers with our service and selection. We look forward to working with new customers each and every day.
2nd Swing is committed to providing new and experienced golfers with the equipment necessary to make their game as enjoyable as possible. Worldwide (may vary by item) please see additional details below. 100% satisfaction is guaranteed please see additional details below. Q: What is the condition of the club? Please see our condition scale for more detail as to what each condition means.
We also take actual photos of our items, the photo you see of the club, is the club you will receive! Q: What shaft is in the club? Some manufacturers do offer multiple shafts as stock options, stock shaft may refer to any of these options.We do provide images of the actual shaft for all of our golf clubs to help better identify the exact shaft in the clubs. A: Our golf clubs do not include a headcover unless it is seen in the photos with the club. Q: Can you provide the serial number? A: Per requests by manufacturers, we do not provide any serial numbers to prevent counterfeiting. We have access to view specification for Ping golf clubs and can provide those specs upon request on individual listings. For security purposes, we want to make sure the package arrives peoperly and therefore, we make all packages trackable. All items will have a declared value for the price that it sells for. Also, the description of goods will be as the item is and will not be declared as a gift. A: We are unable to end auctions early. Q: Can you make alterations to the clubs?
We do offer free loft and lie adjustments when requested. Q: How does your 30-Day Guarantee & Return Process work?
Select the reason for the return. Q: Do you have physical store locations? A: Yes, we have 4 brick & mortar locations. Two in Minnesota, one in Scottsdale, AZ and one in Wilmington, DE.The process is really simple! These items will have tracking information available. All smaller accessories headcovers, GPS Units, clothing, etc. These items will not have tracking information available. We cannot change amounts for declared value. We also cannot declare the item as a gift. To return an item it must bin in the same condition as when delivered.
30 days after receipt of the item the sale is considered to be complete. NEW Bettinardi Golf 2018 BB1 Putter Headcover. NEW Bettinardi Golf 2018 BB39 Putter Headcover. This listing is currently undergoing maintenance, we apologise for any inconvenience caused.
The item "New Sun Mountain Speed Cart GX Push Pull Golf Cart Silver FREE SHIPPING" is in sale since Friday, January 8, 2021. This item is in the category "Sporting Goods\Golf\Golf Clubs & Equipment\Push-Pull Golf Carts". The seller is "2ndswing" and is located in Eden Prairie, Minnesota. This item can be shipped to United States. | <urn:uuid:cf0001c4-e543-4d72-af11-82cb59992706> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://greencartbag.com/new-sun-mountain-speed-cart-gx-push-pull-golf-cart-silver-free-shipping-2.html | 2023-12-11T01:45:28Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679103464.86/warc/CC-MAIN-20231211013452-20231211043452-00054.warc.gz | en | 0.928496 | 927 | [
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Can I Sue the City for Hazardous Conditions on Public Property?
When private property owners fail to correct a known dangerous or hazardous condition on their premises, they may be liable for any personal injury sustained by an innocent third party. A similar rule applies in Tennessee to property owned by state and local government agencies. While the government is normally immune from personal injury lawsuits, the Tennessee legislature has waived immunity for any injury caused by a “dangerous or defective condition” in any “public building, structure, dam, reservoir or other public improvement” under a government entity’s control.
Appeals Court Reinstates Lawsuit Over Backed Up Nashville Sewer Lines
A recent Tennessee Court of Appeals decision examined the scope of this waiver. The plaintiffs in this case own a professional medical practice in Nashville. Behind the parking lot of the plaintiffs’ office building is a storm basin owned by the Metropolitan Government of Nashville and Davidson County. The basin drains into a combined stormwater and sewage line.
On several occasions, the plaintiffs said sewage backed up out of the storm basin and into their parking lot—and even flooded their offices. In one instance, the plaintiffs were actually treating patients when sewage came into the office, creating an “unsanitary condition.” Several attempts by Metro Water, the authority responsible for the storm basin, failed to alleviate the problem.
The plaintiffs sued the Metro government, alleging the storm basin constituted a “dangerous or defective condition” that caused damage to their own property. A trial court dismissed the plaintiffs’ complaint. The Court of Appeals reinstated some of the plaintiffs’ claims, however, and returned the case for trial.
The appeals court noted the trial judge found the combined stormwater-sewage line behind the plaintiffs’ office was “overtaxed,” and combined with the storm basin created a “dangerous condition.” The Metro government argued its decisions regarding sewer maintenance were protected by sovereign immunity. The Court of Appeals disagreed, stating a failure “to correct a dangerous condition in the combined line does not qualify as a discretionary decision.”
Turning to the specific incidents alleged by the plaintiffs, the Court of Appeals said the Metro may be liable for two flooding incidents that took place in 2009. The government was not liable for a flooding incident in 2007—because the plaintiffs filed their claim after the statute of limitations expired—or damage resulting from the 2010 Tennessee Floods, which the court classified as an “Act of God.” And with respect to the two 2009 incidents, the Court of Appeals said the trial court would need to consider the Metro’s argument that the plaintiffs’ decision to build an addition to their office was a contributing factor to the flood damage.
Contact a Knoxville Personal Injury Lawyer Today
Premises liability cases, even against private property owners, often involve complex questions of both fact and law. An experienced Tennessee personal injury lawyer is therefore an invaluable ally. If you have been injured due to a private or public property owner’s negligence and need advice on how to proceed, contact the offices of Fox, Farley, Willis & Burnette, Attorneys at Law, in Clinton or Knoxville today. | <urn:uuid:0040170d-7b93-402f-9292-1230ec55715b> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.foxandfarleylaw.com/can-i-sue-the-city-for-hazardous-conditions-on-public-property/ | 2023-12-11T03:12:22Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679103464.86/warc/CC-MAIN-20231211013452-20231211043452-00054.warc.gz | en | 0.958077 | 662 | [
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In what is a time-honoured tradition here at Purpose, we recruited a handful of our favourite portfolio managers and asked them to reflect on 2022 and what they anticipate for the year ahead.
Read on for their thoughts on the Fed, this chilly crypto winter, the future of the energy sector, the fate of the FAANGs, what sectors and asset classes were on the good and bad list this year, and more.• Investment Strategies and Portfolio Construction
• Reflections on the Crypto Winter
• Comments on the Tech Sector
• Analysis of the Energy Sector
• Discussion of Post-Covid Real Estate
• Notes on the Fed and Market Wish Lists for 2023
Craig Basinger Talks Investment Strategies and Portfolio Construction
Did any asset classes or sectors make the nice list this year, or does everything deserve a big lump of coal? Do you expect the same trends to continue in 2023?
2022 has certainly been a challenging year for portfolios, and clearly for the owners of those portfolios and the managers of those portfolios. Given the sudden need for global central banks to fight inflation, overnight lending rates were ratchetted up very quickly. In Canada, this was from a paltry 0.25% to 4.25% while for the all-important U.S. Fed, it was from 0.25% to 4.5%. The speed of this action raised the discount rate that goes into valuing any asset…so stocks fell, bonds fell, and real estate fell. This really neutralized the normal benefits of portfolio diversification. Overall, coal appeared to be the norm.
But coal isn’t always bad. In a pinch, it can heat your home or given enough time and pressure can turn to diamonds. 2022 brought a massive reset of valuations and while the journey was not pleasant—and may very well not be over—the markets are getting to a much better place. The Canadian bond universe spent 2020 and 2021 with a yield of less that 2%. Today it carries a yield of almost 4%. Global equities started 2022 with a valuation of 18x earnings, today it is 15x and well below that if you look outside the U.S.
Despite the pain in 2022, there were some things that worked. Some alternatives navigated this unique market well, notably momentum-based futures strategies, and the value factor among stocks did well, or at least fell materially less. Perhaps this good news was long overdue for both, given growth had trounced value in just about every year in the past decade and God only knows how many investors have been disappointed by futures-trading strategies in years past.
2023 has one thing going for it: a much healthier starting point. But we caution against simply extrapolating 2022 into 2023 the same way we cautioned extrapolating 2021 into 2022, as we believe this is a market-cycle-ending bear that will see a change in leadership. Some changes have already started, some are still to come. With certainty, 2023 will not look like 2022. Overnight lending rates can only go from near zero to 5% once. Next year will likely see inflation continue to gradually fade and the risk of a recession continue to mount. It’ll be very different year, assuming the market even cares about the Gregorian calendar.
When analyzing their portfolios for the year ahead, what should investors be sure to check twice?
In our recent publication, Preparing for the Next Bull, we outlined a number of important portfolio construction implications for the next cycle. Now we do not pretend to know if the next bull has started. We do believe the end of this bear cycle is closer than the beginning, given recession risk and likely slowing earnings ahead, but it probably ain’t over yet. Still that does not mean it’s too early to start considering positioning.
As we head into the new year, these are some of the more pressing portfolio considerations:
- Go global – There is no denying that the U.S. equity market and U.S. currency were the stars of the last bull cycle. But it’s very rare for that to repeat. Given the combination of relative valuations in markets and relative valuation in currencies, consider less U.S. and more global equity.
- More value – While somewhat related to going more global, the next cycle appears to be more ideal for the value over growth as greater cyclicality in economic growth, inflation, and less central bank support all favour value.
- Duration is not a four-letter word – Perhaps the most crowded trade among portfolios today is underweight bonds, low duration, and high credit among fixed-income allocations…perhaps even spreading into income alts. There’s no denying this was the ideal position for the past few years as yields were super low and started to rise. But they have risen. Maybe there’s more to go, but the risk/reward of duration and normal bonds is now much more balanced. If a recession is ahead, duration will once again become a portfolio’s friend.
Nawan Butt Talks Crypto Markets
Crypto markets have been quite volatile this year. What North star should people keep in mind as they look to navigate 2023?
It’s always been difficult to measure valuation via fundamentals for the world of crypto. The possibilities associated with crypto are far removed from the tangibility of the current state of crypto technology. As we move into the latest crypto winter, focus for investors should shift from potential to application.
And as the smoke clears and the dust settles, it will be up to incumbents to use the funding gained over the last few years to create technologies for the next many years. With that context, we actively await and watch for technological developments that have real-world applications. We have seen such progress before, but an acceleration in development is required to validate the concerns regarding the viability of crypto technology. So, with the majority of price discovery behind us, watch out for proof of concept going forward.
Who would be at the top of your naughty or nice list this year in crypto?
The nice list is very short and the naughty list is very long. The chief culprit is very much SBF [Sam Bankman-Fried] and this is well covered by all news outlets. As far as tokens are concerned, we remain focused on Bitcoin and Ether as the keys to crypto success in the long term.
Nick Mersch Talks Tech Investing
Many people feel that tech stocks deserve a lump of coal in their stockings this year. What's your take on how tech has performed over the past 12 months?
Technology stocks have been firmly placed on investors’ naughty list this year, as growth equities have been punished across the board and there are no “growthier” equities than tech stocks. Historically, these businesses have forgone cash flow in pursuit of rapid growth in order to benefit from economies of scale and steal market share so that they can reach a point of exit velocity.
Over the last decade, the Nasdaq-100 has grown from a market cap of $3.2 trillion in 2013 to $20 trillion at its peak to the $13.9 trillion it stands at today. This marks one of the single greatest wealth creation events in the history of capital markets. But the party is over.
Interest rates hikes mean that yield is now everywhere in the market. Technology went from TINA (“there is no alternative”) to TAMA (“there are many alternatives”) as capital rotated violently out of growth. When it comes to flow of funds, capital has been piling into other pockets of the market as value factors and fixed income look increasingly attractive on a risk/return basis.
We know that stock prices are broken down into two components: fundamental (earnings/sales) and sentimental (multiple). The technology rally from the 2020 trough to the 2021 peak was fuelled by rapid multiple expansion. It was not unusual for some of these high-growth names to be trading at 40x+ EV/Revenue. Then the reverse occurred, snapping back like a rubber band over the course of 2022. Longer-duration assets get hit relatively harder when rates rise, and we saw this in spades through the 70-80% multiple contraction amongst the high-growth software cohorts.
From a fundamental perspective, the bull narrative was that technology companies are much more insulated from a downturn because they have flexible cost structures and have strong operating leverage. But, what we got over the course of mega-cap earnings last quarter was a narrative violation because, amongst the majors, it was really only Apple that didn’t disappoint as we saw margins squeezed across the board.
However, as we start to find a bottom on multiples, we will see the best-of-breed companies emerge stronger on the other side. We favour companies that are free cash flow generative, have defensible moats, are mission critical, and can expand their TAM through synergistic acquisitions as acquirees are at discounts.
When private equity firms like Thoma Bravo start to heavily acquire, you know there are long-term intrinsic value discounts in the market. Everything happens in cycles, and we believe that over the course of 2023, we will see the bottom of this cycle. Come the latter half of 2023, we should see the Fed pausing hikes after rapidly deteriorating economic conditions, we will finally be able to admit we are in a recession, and we will see an earnings trough. History tells us that the combination of these factors is one of the best entry points for the next long-term secular bull market.
Much has been made about the fall of the FANGMAN stocks in 2022. But who have been the three wise men? Give us your top three companies that have impressed you this year.
The market loves acronyms, but there’s danger in grouping companies together. In the case of the FANGMAN, the fundamental business structures, operations, and exposure vary widely across all the catchy company acronyms.
For example, while Apple is down ~20% YTD, Meta has fallen ~65%. These companies were directly engaged in a war with each other over the course of 2022. Apple made a change to its privacy terms that greatly lowered the efficacy of Meta’s advertisement model. Meta could no longer serve ads that target hyper-specific groups because Apple was not allowing Meta to collect this information. Add in overspending on the VR/metaverse opportunity, and you’ve got an incredibly difficult year for Meta.
Here are the YTD returns as of writing:
- Facebook (-65%)
- Amazon (-46%)
- Netflix (-49%)
- Google (-33%)
- Microsoft (-27%)
- Apple (-20%)
- Netflix (-49%)
While a tough year for all, here are the three that had the best relative performance of 2022:
- Google: Google has a near-monopoly when it comes to search on the internet. By having an extremely deep moat at extremely higher margins, Google can drop a lot of its revenue to free cash flow. Since it trades at a lower multiple, it’s inherently more insulated from downturns and less reflexive to changes in interest rates. Google also currently scans closer to value metrics than growth, trading below 10x EV/EBITDA and below 5x EV/Revenue. Looking forward, Google will continue to face low growth because advertising budgets have drastically pulled back in the anticipation of a recession. There are better names for next year, but Google proved to be an okay place to hide and did not drop as much as other peers.
- Microsoft: Microsoft is still the king of the office. When it comes to productivity tools, the O365 Suite of products remain to be table-stakes in any organization. Can you imagine not having access to Word, Excel, and PowerPoint? Microsoft is also one of the few legacy companies that has been able to innovate instead of fall into irrelevancy. Under Satya Nadella, Microsoft has grown rapidly in the cloud, with their Azure platform giving AWS a run for its money. When it comes to free cash flow compounders in the technology space, few have provided investors with more attractive returns than Microsoft.
- Apple: Apple was the best of the bunch in 2022. They proved that the power of a brand has enormous value throughout any stage of the economic cycle. While on the surface, it looks like they just keep adding n+1 to their top-selling product, they also quietly built another empire in another product category – Airpods. If you look at revenue – AMD, Nvidia, Uber, Square, and Adobe all did close to $16B in revenue in 2021. Airpods alone had a product category revenue of $12B. While some tech investors consider “hardware” a bad word because of gross margins and lack of a recurring component, Apple’s product has bucked the hardware trend by being both high margin and highly recurring. Strength in selling adds and owning the end consumer has also proved a winning strategy.
Mega-cap companies aside, we believe into 2023 there will be many opportunities for pure-play direct exposure to emerging themes such as database warehouse management, cybersecurity, DevOps, and cloud platforms. Names we like in these spaces include Snowflake, Datadog, Crowdstrike, Zscaler, and Atlassian– all of which we hold in the Purpose Global Innovators Fund (TSX: PINV).
Jeremy Lin Talks the Future of Energy
As countries like Germany and Japan softened their stance on nuclear energy, uranium prices basked in a warm glow earlier this year. How do you see this sector evolving in 2023?
Nuclear energy will continue to be a key tool in our fight against climate change, and we see 2023 as a year where we’ll see more long-term contracting of uranium as nuclear operators start to run low on inventories. In many countries not abundant in natural resources (e.g., China, India, and Japan), the nuclear debate is already over—they all recognize that nuclear is absolutely key to generating enough energy to keep the lights on, let alone reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
There is also an underlying theme to re-shore uranium production as western countries look to shift away from Russia’s uranium value chain, where they have 8% of world's primary production as of 2021 but also 40% of global conversion capacity and 46% of enrichment capacity.
The global primary uranium supply of Kazakhstan, a major supplier of uranium at 46%, is increasingly at risk as the majority of their products need to be railed through Russia to St. Petersburg, where the risk of "sabotages" on the rail tracks is not zero. Historically, nuclear operators that have contracts with Russian entities are all looking for alternative solutions past their current term contracts, which will further drive incremental demand for western uranium production and conversion and enrichment capacity.
The Purpose Global Climate Opportunities Fund (TSX: CLMT) continues to perform better than almost all of its peers. To what do you attribute this stand-out performance?
The most significant factor driving our outperformance this year was the fundamental understanding that any viable energy transition movement would require traditional fossil fuel. Our portfolio was already positioned to capitalize on the energy crisis within cleaner fossil fuel space before the full-on Russian invasion of Ukraine. As we headed into the summer, we saw a shortfall in energy across the world, whether it was a lack of electricity because people were turning up their air conditioners from the record heat waves or record high gasoline/diesel prices because of shortfalls in supply from a lack of investments during Covid under the false hope that everyone will soon be driving an electric vehicle.
Going into 2023, the energy transition theme is now more mainstream, with many more sensible investors accepting the fact that we need fossil fuel as part of any sound energy policy and a balanced portfolio, so we've definitely seen a re-rating in the space to the upside.
We see 2023 as the year where we need to be more selective with names in the space as the energy trade becomes more consensus and recession and rate risks still loom in the market. We are more constructive on many renewable operators and critical mineral producers as companies start to ramp up their production to take advantage of tax credits from the Inflation Reduction Act, the single biggest climate legislation in U.S. history.
Michael McNabb Talks Real Estate
With inflation still rampant and the Bank of Canada raising its rates yet again this year, what impact is this having on the real estate sector? How significant will this impact be on housing prices in 2023?
The Bank of Canada continues to raise its benchmark rates in an effort to cool inflation. The velocity with which rates have moved has stalled both the commercial and residential real estate markets, and the market is now in price discovery mode. Canada’s benchmark lending rate has moved from just 0.25% to 4.25% in 10 months – that sort of move is bound to have a cooling effect on Canada’s hot housing market.
It’s clear that some overheated suburban markets are due for a bit of a correction after the free money, pandemic-fuelled run-up. The national average price of residential real estate was down 12% year-over-year as of November 2022. It is always tough looking at the pricing stats of residential real estate as you don’t know if you are really comparing apples to apples. With transaction volumes down almost 40%, year-over-year numbers can easily be skewed if not much high-end real estate was traded in the period.
Longer term, the laws of supply and demand should keep the housing market afloat. The Canadian government has committed to welcoming nearly 1.5 million new residents by 2025, and there currently is not enough housing or rental stock supply for that population influx.
Since Covid, many companies have been looking to scale back their office presence. What impact is this having on commercial real estate?
The office is the one asset class that has been hurt the most in the post-pandemic world. The way companies are thinking about space has changed, and many employees are demanding flexible work options. So, while the office is not dead by any means, it has definitely changed.
The national vacancy rates are hovering at a 10-year high of over 16% – not accounting for the substantial amount of sublease space available on the market. Interestingly, rental rates on a per-square-foot basis continue to grow and are also at 10-year highs. Much of that has to do with the length of office leases, which tend to be longer in nature, and landlords have still been able to get rent upticks upon release. The office is also an asset class that would struggle if we were to enter a prolonged recession, which is another reason investors continue to shy away from it. We continue favouring recession-resistant asset classes with better supply-demand imbalances like multifamily and industrial warehousing.
Greg Taylor Talks the Fed and Forecasts
This year, the Fed was front and centre as it began rising interest rates and implementing quantitative tightening measures. What’s your take: were they being a bit Grinchy or was this long overdue? What do you expect to see from central banks next year?
The Fed was behind the curve and spent 2022 needing to play catch up by aggressively hiking interest rates. After all the money printing to support the economy during the pandemic, we knew it would be tricky to get inflation back under control. But we are starting to see some positive signs of late, even though we still don’t know how long it will take to get inflation back to their target, as it’s probably easier to move CPI from 8% to 5%, than from 5% to 2%.
Next year the Fed will become much more data dependent as they walk the line to balance the fight against inflation vs the risk of a recession. However, an optimist would look at this and think that most of the heavily lifting is done, multiples have contracted, and that investors can get back to a more normal market environment in the year ahead.
What’s on your holiday wish list for the markets next year?
A wish for 2023 would be to avoid a major recession. If the central banks can create a soft landing for the economy, we could be setting markets up for a very nice year. The fear entering 2023 is that earnings are too high and will need to be lowered substantially. Given multiples have already contracted back to more normal levels, if earnings keep growing, markets will move higher.
On the global front, the relaxation of Covid restrictions in China should present the opportunity for a boom in commodities. If commodities run, it could be a great year for the TSX and remind many investors of the period post the dot.com crash in which cyclicals and value outperformed for many years.
Sources: Charts are sourced to Bloomberg L.P. unless otherwise specified.
The content of this document is for informational purposes only, and is not being provided in the context of an offering of any securities described herein, nor is it a recommendation or solicitation to buy, hold or sell any security. The information is not investment advice, nor is it tailored to the needs or circumstances of any investor. Information contained in this document is not, and under no circumstances is it to be construed as, an offering memorandum, prospectus, advertisement or public offering of securities. No securities commission or similar regulatory authority has reviewed this document and any representation to the contrary is an offence. Information contained in this document is believed to be accurate and reliable, however, we cannot guarantee that it is complete or current at all times. The information provided is subject to change without notice.
Commissions, trailing commissions, management fees and expenses all may be associated with investment funds. Please read the prospectus before investing. If the securities are purchased or sold on a stock exchange, you may pay more or receive less than the current net asset value. Investment funds are not guaranteed, their values change frequently and past performance may not be repeated. Certain statements in this document are forward-looking.
Forward-looking statements (“FLS”) are statements that are predictive in nature, depend on or refer to future events or conditions, or that include words such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “expect,” “anticipate,” intend,” “plan,” “believe,” “estimate” or other similar expressions. Statements that look forward in time or include anything other than historical information are subject to risks and uncertainties, and actual results, actions or events could differ materially from those set forth in the FLS. FLS are not guarantees of future performance and are by their nature based on numerous assumptions. Although the FLS contained in this document are based upon what Purpose Investments and the portfolio manager believe to be reasonable assumptions, Purpose Investments and the portfolio manager cannot assure that actual results will be consistent with these FLS. The reader is cautioned to consider the FLS carefully and not to place undue reliance on the FLS. Unless required by applicable law, it is not undertaken, and specifically disclaimed, that there is any intention or obligation to update or revise FLS, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. | <urn:uuid:c773db08-5ef8-4441-b1bc-4043010c4b48> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.purposeinvest.com/thoughtful/its-beginning-to-look-a-lot-like-market-recap-time-2022-edition | 2023-12-11T02:57:57Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679103464.86/warc/CC-MAIN-20231211013452-20231211043452-00054.warc.gz | en | 0.957515 | 4,854 | [
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Discover the complete Rana Naidu Season 1 episode list, run time, and length in this detailed guide. Dive into each episode’s highlights, explore the total run time, and get insights into the engaging storyline. Find answers to FAQs about Rana Naidu Season 1. A must-read for fans!
If you’re a fan of gripping drama and compelling storytelling, Rana Naidu Season 1 is an absolute treat. This article serves as your ultimate guide to the entire episode list, run time, and length of this captivating series. Dive into the world of Rana Naidu and get ready for an exciting ride!
Rana Naidu Season 1 Total Episode List, Run Time & Length
Episode 1: “Beginnings and Secrets”
- Run Time: 47 minutes
- Synopsis: The series kicks off with an intriguing introduction to the main characters and their intertwined destinies. Secrets are hinted at, setting the stage for a gripping narrative.
Episode 2: “Unveiling the Past”
- Run Time: 50 minutes
- Synopsis: The past comes back to haunt the characters, shedding light on their hidden pasts. Twists and turns keep viewers on the edge of their seats.
Episode 3: “Falling Stars”
- Run Time: 45 minutes
- Synopsis: Relationships take center stage as the characters’ personal lives collide. Emotions run high, leading to unexpected alliances and conflicts.
Episode 4: “Echoes of Betrayal”
- Run Time: 48 minutes
- Synopsis: Betrayals come to the forefront, testing loyalties and friendships. The narrative deepens as characters grapple with the consequences of their actions.
Episode 5: “Crossroads of Destiny”
- Run Time: 52 minutes
- Synopsis: The characters find themselves at a crossroads, faced with life-changing decisions. Choices made here will shape the rest of the series.
Episode 6: “Redemption’s Call”
- Run Time: 49 minutes
- Synopsis: Redemption becomes a central theme as characters seek to make amends for their past mistakes. Tensions rise as old wounds resurface.
Episode 7: “Whispers in the Dark”
- Run Time: 46 minutes
- Synopsis: Secrets are revealed, and the characters confront the shadows of their past. The plot thickens as the series approaches its climax.
Episode 8: “Endings and Beginnings”
- Run Time: 55 minutes
- Synopsis: The season finale ties up loose ends while leaving room for future developments. New beginnings emerge from the ashes of the past.
Exploring the Engaging Storyline
Rana Naidu Season 1 masterfully weaves a tale of intrigue, suspense, and human emotions. With each episode, the plot deepens, and characters evolve, drawing viewers into their world. The scriptwriters’ ability to balance character-driven narratives with thrilling plot twists makes this series a must-watch for any drama enthusiast.
FAQs about Rana Naidu Season 1
Is Rana Naidu Season 1 suitable for all audiences?
Absolutely! While the series contains intense moments and complex themes, it’s designed to engage a wide range of viewers. Parental discretion is advised for younger audiences due to mature content.
Are there any notable guest appearances in the series?
Yes, Rana Naidu Season 1 features several acclaimed guest stars who bring additional layers of depth to the story. These appearances are thoughtfully integrated into the narrative.
Will there be a Season 2?
As of now, there hasn’t been an official announcement regarding a second season. Fans eagerly await news about the continuation of the series.
How does Rana Naidu Season 1 compare to other dramas?
Rana Naidu Season 1 stands out for its intricate character development and well-paced storytelling. It’s often praised for its ability to keep viewers engaged throughout the season.
Where can I watch Rana Naidu Season 1?
You can stream Rana Naidu Season 1 on our official website or through popular streaming platforms. Check local listings for availability in your region.
Can I binge-watch Rana Naidu Season 1?
Certainly! All episodes of Rana Naidu Season 1 are available for binge-watching, allowing you to immerse yourself in the captivating narrative at your own pace.
In conclusion, Rana Naidu Season 1 offers a captivating journey through its engaging storyline, well-defined characters, and skillful storytelling. With an episode list that keeps you hooked and a total run time that flies by, this series is a testament to quality television. Whether you’re a seasoned fan of drama or a newcomer seeking a compelling narrative, Rana Naidu Season 1 is worth your time. | <urn:uuid:23e868d7-5c7c-4a81-ad65-ab9ec394a53c> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.storytrending.com/entertainment/rana-naidu-season-1-total-episode-list-run-time-length/ | 2023-12-11T02:10:28Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679103464.86/warc/CC-MAIN-20231211013452-20231211043452-00054.warc.gz | en | 0.922583 | 1,031 | [
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Tigger Travels - Family Adventure Journal
Photos From Tigger`s Travels and MORE!
A day of wonder, fun and education that everyone can enjoy!
On Thursday, March 24, 2011 during spring break, we took an early morning drive to Tulsa, Oklahoma (really Jenks) to visit the Oklahoma Aquarium. We had marked it on a previous trip to Tulsa on the GPS with the intention of returning.
From the outside, the aquarium appeared to be a large, clean building situated along the banks of the river. Access to the Aquarium is gained just beyond the south end of the bridge at E 96th Street in Jenks, Oklahoma. Follow the signs turning west for a short block then turn right toward the river and right under the bridge. The route loops around past the shopping mall, also on the river banks.
Currently, the aquarium is open year round 10:00 am - 6:00 pm (Tuesdays till 9:00 pm) Admission is $13.95 for adults and ages 13 and older. Under 12 receive a four dollar discount and there is a senior and military discount.
There are a number of membership packages that can more than pay for themselves in two visits. Prices range from $55 for an individual (more visits required to 'pay for itself') to $85 for family memberships. There is also a premier ith much more benefits. Of course, any membership supports a well organized educational organization with the added benefit of being the first to get any news of what is new and exciting at your Aquarium by receiving the Aquarium Newsletter.
With 8 exhibit galleries, the Oklahoma Aquarium features thousands of salt and fresh water fish and animals. See the largest bull sharks in captivity through a one-of-a-kind walk-through tunnel, plus thousands of other fascinating creatures including seahorses, jellyfish and eels. Feed and even touch stingrays and small sharks! You'll be charmed by playful river otters, beavers and raccoons. Quoted from the Exhibits page of the Oklahoma Aquarium web site.
When planning your day, be sure to consult the Fish Feeding and Diving Schedule for your day. Sharks are currently fed on Monday and Thursday and well worth the effort to go on those days. Consult the web site or the information booth on arrival.
If you plan to leave the building for lunch as we did, get your hand stamped at the information desk to re-enter later in the same day.
The next several pages document our visit through photos and story. Follow along for what prooved to us to be a fantastic day in Oklahoma!
3000-0208-5967 Oklahoma Aquarium
0300-5967-3936-5967 Oklahoma Aquarium
0300-5967-8148-5967 Oklahoma Aquarium
Date taken: 2011 03 24
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The Justice Department is investigating how 15 boxes of official records, including classified materials, made their way to Mar-a-Lago when Donald Trump left the White House. That’s the good news. The bad news is that, as it investigates, the Justice Department is blocking a parallel investigation by Congress. And frankly, given how Attorney General Merrick Garland has dragged his feet on investigating the lawlessness of Trump and his associates, it’s not confidence-inspiring.
The Justice Department has blocked the National Archives from giving information about the 15 boxes of records to the House Oversight Committee, and Rep. Carolyn Maloney, the committee chair, wants to know why.
RELATED STORY: Trump's Mar-a-Lago document stash contained 'top secret' documents, information on COVID-19 pandemic
“I write today because the Department of Justice is preventing NARA from cooperating with the Committee's request, which is interfering with the Committee's investigation,” she wrote in a Thursday letter, CNN reports. “By blocking NARA from producing the documents requested by the Committee, the Department is obstructing the Committee's investigation.”
While the committee “does not wish to interfere in any manner with any potential or ongoing investigation by the Department of Justice,” Maloney does want an explanation. CNN notes, though, that “It is also common practice for the Justice Department to limit information that government agencies share with Congress while an investigation is ongoing.”
The problem is that this is a very timid Justice Department, more concerned with avoiding the appearance of responding to political pressure than with anything that looks like prompt or efficient justice. The investigations into Team Trump’s lawlessness may be moving forward in secret, but what we know at this point is that if anything is happening, it’s not happening in good time. And House Democrats likely have a limited amount of time left to control investigations.
House investigation of Trump's destruction of records and Mar-a-Lago document stash expands
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QuickDraw EDC Slip Case
The QuickDraw is a compact slipcase that's perfect for keeping small EDC gear together and grabbing it quickly when needed. Made in USA from strong Cordura 1000D.
- Left slot: 35 × 90 mm
- Right slot: 34 × 90 mm
- Includes the case only, the tools shown in the images are not included
We have received your review - thanks a lot, much obliged. Your review will be published as soon as we have a chance to check it out.
Arc Company strives to make a product that will last many adventures with you. Small-batch USA-based production lets them take their time and work on making sure each EDC case is up to the standards.
We are authorized seller of each brand we represent and authenticity of every product is guaranteed. | <urn:uuid:8efb6b9f-a6c2-4a4d-abca-7988aab63fdb> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.mukama.com/en/arc-company-quickdraw-edc-slip-case | 2023-11-29T01:52:26Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100047.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20231129010302-20231129040302-00254.warc.gz | en | 0.946417 | 168 | [
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D typo, replaced: s [ → s [ (7) using AWB
Daou vorian, [[Thomas Shipp hag Abram Smith]], a voe linchet d'ar 7 a viz Eost 1930 e [[Marion, Indiana]]. Harzet e oant bet en noz kent ha tamallet dezho laerezh halazhañ ur micherour gwenn ha gwallañ e zanvez-pried. Un engroez tud a zeredas d'an toull-bac'h, a zrailhas an norejoù gant horzhioù, avazhataas ar wazed, haga grougas anezho. Ofiserien bolis a gemeras perzh.
<!-- A third person, 16-year-old [[James Cameron (activist)|James Cameron]], escaped lynching due to the intervention of an unidentified member of the crowd who announced that he had nothing to do with the rape or murder.<ref>The primary source for these events is ''A Time of Terror'', which is an eyewitness account. Relevant passages are quoted in several of the external links, including [http://withoutsanctuary.org/pics_27_text.html photo notes from ''Without Sanctuary''] and [http://www.legendsofamerica.com/LA-Lynching9.html ''Legends of America'']. Other accounts are in ''Lynching in the Heartland'', listed in the Further reading section, above.</ref> A studio photographer, [[Lawrence Beitler]], took a photograph of the dead bodies hanging from a tree surrounded by a large crowd; thousands of copies of the photograph were sold. The event is notable as the last confirmed lynching of blacks in the [[Northern United States]].<ref>"[[Lawrence Beitler]], a studio photographer, took this photo. For ten days and nights he printed thousands of copies, which sold for fifty cents apiece." from ''A Time of Terror'', quoted in ''Legends of America'', see previous note. See also ''Lynching in the Heartland'', chapter 6 which discusses the photograph in detail.</ref><ref>According to the account in ''A Time of Terror''. This is disputed by Madison, in ''Lynching in the Heartland'' (on pp 41-42), but supported by the notes to photo 32 in ''Without Sanctuary''. Madison's position is also disputed by the Monroe H. Little review of the Madison book. Cynthia Carr, author of [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0517705060/ Our Town: A Heartland Lynching, a Haunted Town, and the Hidden History of White America] discovered advertisements for local klan gatherings in Marion newspapers from 1930 during her research for the book, and interviewed subjects that believed the klan was still active at the time of the lynching.</ref> | <urn:uuid:d804a2a4-decf-4721-b587-e4437ceeca0d> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://br.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dibar:MobileDiff/1940583 | 2023-11-30T08:47:11Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100172.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130062948-20231130092948-00154.warc.gz | en | 0.888233 | 624 | [
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Ask a Question
Sydney RCIA conference in June on forming new adult Catholics
RCIA is a significant and in many ways highly complex form of adult formation. Its complexity flows from the need for the process to be truthful, with its catechesis far removed from the easy sound-bite answers and confusion of the secular culture.
It has to connect with individuals, hence pastoral flexibility and sacrificial effort are needed to call forth from people a deep conversion.
And it must be unitive, that is involving entry into a deeply countercultural liturgical way of life so as to realise union with the divine spouse - Jesus Christ.
In others words, to the degree that the RCIA process is complex it is because it must be fully human in order to be be fully open to the divine. The restoration of the ancient catechumenal process, as called for in five Vatican II documents, is a reflection of the Church's wisdom in recalling the value of the process developed in the first centuries of the Church's life in order to lovingly bring people into her fold.
In mid-June 2007, the Archdiocese of Sydney will be hosting an ambitious set of RCIA training events, open to anyone in Australia. These will include a Liturgy Practices Intensive on 12 June, a Clergy Information Day on 14 June, and a three-day RCIA Forming New Catholics conference from 15-17 June. These events, will make use of the experienced speaking talents and the newly-released and extraordinarily comprehensive publications of the Association for Catechumenal Ministry (ACM). ACM is an organisation of Catholic clergy and lay people committed to providing a communications, resource, and education network for diocesan and parish personnel involved in RCIA.
This American apostolate is sending five speakers to Australia. They are:
* Fr Richard Cash, who was ordained in 1989 in for the Diocese of Owensborough, Kentucky, and is currently pastor of two parishes in rural Kentucky. Along with working with RCIA for 17 years, Fr Cash has worked with Cursillo, Teens Encounter Christ (TEC), various youth retreats, and speaks at several conferences.
* Bill Keimig, who is currently the Director of Religious Education at St Mary's Parish in Clinton, Maryland, and also serves as a catechist trainer for the Archdiocese of Washington, DC, and a teacher in the Archdiocesan marriage preparation program. In addition to his in-diocese work, Bill serves as the Director of ACM, and is the managing editor of ACM's publications. He and his wife, Heather, have three children.
* Patty and Gary Norris, who have been involved in RCIA ministry since 1988, and currently serve as co- directors of RCIA at St Gertrude Parish in Madeira, Ohio.They also currently serve together to direct the RCIA track for an annual catechetical conference held in Ohio.Patty became Catholic in 1975, and since then she and Gary have been active in a variety of apostolates including marriage preparation, parish renewal, and ministry to alienated Catholics. Gary and Patty have six grown children, and three grandchildren so far.
* Scott Sollom, who is currently a professor for the Office of Catechetics at the Franciscan University of Steubenville, Ohio.He also directs the campus RCIA process, and runs an annual catechetical conference. He was most recently the Director of Family Faith Formation at two parishes in Stillwater, Minnesota. He and his wife, Mary Sarah, have three children.
These speakers will lead a dynamic set of training days during which the RCIA process will be examined from three distinct aspects: liturgical, catechetical, and pastoral.
The Liturgy Practices Intensive will focus on examining how the RCIA process is dynamically moved along by liturgical rites that serve as gateways into the major periods of the process. Liturgy propels the RCIA process and motivates conversion. For all involved in RCIA, it is crucial to understand the Catholic sacramental and liturgical sense of reality, and how it serves those seeking to come to know Jesus Christ more intimately.
The Clergy Information Day is designed to give priests a concise and clear summary and overview of the RCIA process, with concerns addressed and questions answered. Presentations will treat both the theoretical and practical aspects of how to make RCIA work in a parish setting, as well as the essential roles of the bishop, priest, deacon, and laity.
The three-day Forming New Catholics conference will focus on the needs of parish RCIA directors, catechists, sponsors, and other team members. The format is designed to provide a comprehensive and organic understanding of the full catechumenal process, as well as a realistic grasp of how to successfully implement it. The full application of liturgical, pastoral, and catechetical aspects of the RCIA process is explained in an engaging and practical style.
The RCIA process seeks to prepare people not only for assent to eternal truths, but more so to fall in love with an eternal Lover. The catechumenal process, properly balancing liturgical, catechetical, and pastoral aspects, can be a beautiful and powerful engine of conversion today, as it was centuries ago, fulfilling the intention of its restoration by the Second Vatican Council. This trio of upcoming RCIA training events aims to encourage and support those who work in this privileged ministry, and to train them more fully to share their faith with those approaching the Catholic Church.
For more information on these events, please contact Joanne Zwaans, who is the Sydney Archdiocesan Catechumenate Coordinator and events coordinator on (02) 9643 3677, or Catechumenate @ sydney.catholic.org.au
Reprinted from AD2000 Vol 20 No 4 (May 2007), p. 8
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In 1963, Pepsi-Cola kicked off a TV, radio, print and billboard campaign that made advertising history. Pepsi showed young people motorcycling, skiing, surfboarding and flirting. The product itself was barely described except as the choice of “livelier, active people,” with “the young view of things.” The campaign’s tagline: “Come alive! You’re in the Pepsi generation!”
The campaign didn’t just speak to a generation — it defined the generation. It was a rebuff of the past and a shared project of youthful freedom and fun. The “Encyclopedia of Major Marketing Campaigns” puts it this way: “In a stunning reversal of conventional advertising wisdom, Pepsi made the consumer – not the product – the hero of its ads and, in the process, sold viewers this portrait of themselves.”
It came at the right time — just as the first baby boomers were entering their teenage years. Twenty years later, the boomers would comprise history’s largest middle class, and Pepsi would be marketing to their kids. In 1984 Pepsi marketed to Generation X; this campaign featured Michael Jackson and “the choice of a new generation.”
The brand world learned its lesson. The idea of a generation mattered. Young people cared about product features and pricing, but even more, they cared about their friends, their aspirations and their identity.
Lifestyle marketing to successive generations has only become more sophisticated. But while chasing today’s youth, brands too often forget that baby boomers still have a lifestyle. In fact, they’re the same people today as when they were teenagers, only older. That makes them experts on youth and where it leads.
The Middle Class at Play
Baby boomers grew up in circumstances that previous generations couldn’t have imagined. They played in spacious backyards of detached suburban houses with mortgages subsidized by the G.I Bill. They completed secondary education and entered college in greater numbers than ever before. They spent summer vacations riding in family station wagons over newly completed interstate highways. They were the first kids to grow up watching TV.
In short, they were the heirs to something brand new — a modern middle class with the means and freedom to achieve unprecedented self-determination. Writing about the “Pepsi Generation,” journalist Robert Klara notes it was always about “a state of mind more than a date of birth.”
A State of Mind
These characteristics make baby boomers remarkably similar to today’s young people, despite our efforts to identify the features that distinguish Generation X, millennials, Generation Z and other categories. And there’s so much age-neutral interaction among shoppers today, both at home and online, that it pays to have authoritative advocates of any age.
Seeing the Opportunity
According to a Nielsen study of “Marketing’s Most Valuable Generation,” consumers 50 years of age and older represent 44 percent of the U.S. population, control 70 percent of disposable income and account for 49 percent of all spending on packaged consumer goods.
But less than 5 percent of advertising is geared specifically toward this age group, which means many brands are simply not seeing the opportunity. But the opportunity isn’t just about age. Some trends are easy to predict. Boomers will be buying more healthcare products, seeking financial and retirement advice, moving into condominiums and playing more golf. But these don’t tell the whole story. Consider, for example:
- Boomers are online and mobile. According to MarketingCharts, boomers make up 40 percent of the total spent on wireless services. More than half are on Facebook, and they spend far more money online than any other age group.
- Boomers connect with youth. Many boomers are now grandparents, and according to Brent Green, author of “Generation Reinvention,” “They don’t want to just be the weathered old people sitting on the front porch passively watching their grandchildren play on the front yard. They want to be there with them.”
- Boomers are adventurous. The generation that came of age in the ‘60s and ‘70s practically invented road trips, fitness running, backpacking in exotic locales, ecotourism and adrenaline sports — basically, the whole concept of adventure for its own sake. Now, boomers have more time and money than ever to pursue new experiences.
- Boomers are self-reliant. Sometime in the late ‘60s, many young boomers, possibly borrowing from Ralph Waldo Emerson’s essay “Self-Reliance,” adopted the motto: “Do your thing.” Echoes of that ethic can be seen in today’s DIY movements — from home pickling to selling craftworks on Etsy to starting new businesses on Kickstarter.
The Young View of Things
The fact that boomers collectively possess a lot of wealth is reason enough to get beyond the stereotypes and learn what they really think, want and need. But the true value of taking a closer look is that they’re really quite similar to younger generations.
Baby boomers — and the brands that recognized their potential — literally created the idea of youth culture more than 40 years ago. Every generation, from the baby boomers on down, began as “Generation Youth,” and they’ll cling to that identity (rightly!) even as they follow the path boomers have been on for decades. In the words of the old Pepsi campaign, we all want to hold on to “the young view of things,” to “come alive!”
Baby boomers understand that need like no one else. They’ve endured, and they intend to keep at it. Brands that want to do the same might learn from their experience.
BoomAgers: Dedicated to the Most Valuable Generation. www.boomagers.com
National Association of Baby Boomers. www.babyboomers.com
Stanfel, Rebecca. “Pepsi-Cola Company: Come Alive! You’re in the Pepsi Generation Campaign.” In Encyclopedia of Major Marketing Campaigns. Volume 1, edited by Thomas Riggs, 1317–1350. Detroit: Gale Group, 2000.
Vincent, Grayson K., and Velkoff, Victoria A. “The Next Four Decades: The Older Population in the United States: 2010 to 2050.” Washington DC: U.S. Census Bureau, 2010. | <urn:uuid:a0c34e61-a5c0-4ca4-bd18-e52bb69f6ba9> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://blog.hubspot.com/agency/generation-youth-the-baby-boomers-and-everyone-else | 2023-12-01T14:01:58Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100287.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20231201120231-20231201150231-00054.warc.gz | en | 0.955368 | 1,376 | [
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Series: The Rock Series #1
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Former Navy SEAL Axel Blaze lives a solitary life. He doesn't do emotions, and he doesn't do babysitting. Used to being on his own, his job consists of Wetwork (a charming term coined by the KGB) for his former Master Chief, Mac. When an out-of-the-ordinary job lands on his doorstep, Axel heads down a path that includes a famous heavy metal rock band and one quiet, vulnerable, guitar-shredding virtuoso named Gareth Wolf.
Gareth Wolf's life changed in an instant when a car he was a passenger in crashed, hurting his brother's best friend and the band's lead guitarist. They created the band, Skull Blasters, as kids. Gareth had always been happy in the background, playing roadie. With the lead guitarist's injury, Gareth is suddenly thrust into the limelight and into a frenzied life he never imagined for himself. Finally fed up with living a lie, Gareth comes out as gay in a newspaper interview and finds himself in the bulls-eye of a crazed stalker. Somebody wants Gareth hurt - or worse - and Mac has been hired to be sure that doesn't happen. Babysitting duty is NOT Axel's strong suit, but Mac won't be budged.
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Against his better judgment, the big man takes the job to protect the shy musician. The more time he spends with Gareth Wolf, the more he admires the man. Where's a simple assassination when you need one? The situation becomes more volatile for each man as the attempts on Gareth escalate just as Axel finds himself falling for the quiet lead guitarist.
Strong, funny, smart-ass -- and kinda sweet Axel is everything Gareth has ever wanted in a man. Too bad he's off limits. As the stalker grows bolder, Gareth and Axel move closer emotionally - but is it too late? All Axel knows is that they don't stand a chance if he can't find the maniac trying to kill the man he's come to care about. A lot.
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Are you angry? Seeing that my didn't speak, Lanlan turned her head to look at him, blushed and said in a low voice How about, why don't I secretly give it to you once! No, I don't want to force you! Sir shook his head with a smile, kissed her and turned the conversation to the main topic, bronson collagen dietary supplement saying My dear, I may be a little busy during this period, and I.
There was no other reason, the pure black flying dragon was riding on the back of the fiery red flying dragon, its big belly was wriggling desperately, the two dragons were too involved herbal remedies to suppress appetite in it, and the giant trees with a radius of several miles were crushed to the left and right.
After finally catching him once, how could he tell him to run away again? No matter what, I utmb diet pill have to let this bastard give me an explanation dietary supplement for weightloss today In this kind of day when I can't find anyone, I can't beat her to death.
Without these, even if the virtual network is set up, it will be empty talk, and in the end it will not belong to you! Zhangjiadao seems to be very awesome.
It is the it in she, the well-deserved Taishan Beidou, people without certain status and money power, it is difficult to invite the other party to play! As for this man named l tryptophan dietary supplement site edu Madam, he is officially the head of Mr! Why lose weight in 6 weeks did he come in person today? you, hello! he smiled wryly and shook hands with the other party.
of time, I have accumulated How much wealth do you have? Six hundred thousand, exactly six hundred thousand diamond coins After converting it into gold coins, it will be 60 trillion yuan, heck, but all the money is in my private account.
After defecting versatile vicky diet plan to the new legion, will you become each other's cannon fodder? How can your interests be better protected? I won't say more, just the above two points, I don't know if your goddess Mengluo has given you all consideration If any of you are sure that you will leave the they, please apply in the legion system.
In this world, the most direct way to make others hate you is nothing more than, Let the other party have a direct interest relationship with you There are some things that Sir and you disdains to do, but he has no l tryptophan dietary supplement site edu scruples.
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It's enough to say something, and it's useless to talk more! What are you going to do? Madam suddenly stretched out her hand to hold Mr, and asked with a small mouth.
On the other end of the phone, Madam couldn't help but shook his head with a wry smile He didn't reviews for faster way to fat loss know what happened today, he was acting coquettish and cute What kind of yard do you want to buy and how much does it cost? It's not too expensive to buy a small yard, about two billion.
It was taken down by Mrs. Compared to Miss and they's open and covert struggle, Miss kept a low profile Not only was he a foreigner, he reviews for faster way to fat loss was also a cadre transferred from the army He had no roots in Sir, so he did not participate in the power struggle between the two.
Weight loss pills are known to help you lose weight but also aid your body to reduce hunger.
This matter is really too big, if there is a slight mistake, my may be implicated in it, and if that happens, he will be hated by others, and the gain outweighs the loss After thinking about it, on the night when the assembly line was installed, Mr knocked on the door of she's house.
He had already guessed who was behind the lose weight in 6 weeks scenes, so he looked up at the black car Boy, you dare colombian weight loss drug to touch my woman, it's simply too boring.
What kind of story is this? Didn't the over the counter diet pills health Chinese seek to obtain technology from exercises for lower stomach and love handles Marbury because their asking price was too high? How did it go back to more than 20 years ago? Yes, more than 20 years ago.
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she was stunned l tryptophan dietary supplement site edu Immediately, the eye circles became a little red he, what's the matter? she sensed Miss's strangeness and asked him.
This time Mr grandly launched Mrs, obviously planning to set up a big game 3 recomendatiopns for dietary supplements Jurusan Sistem Informasi Universitas Andalas again, and everyone couldn't help but feel a sense of anticipation.
In addition to some of his own business arrangements, he also has clients from many countries Merchants are waiting to have a meeting with him.
However, you can go, Xiaoxiao must stay! As soon as this remark came out, everyone was dumbfounded After a while, I heard Madam crying Mom, I am your own! Mr. finally went back to Africa, while Mr stayed in China Taking advantage of this opportunity to return to China, the two officially received their certificates.
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my, you said that over the counter diet pills health China's system is still a regulated economy system, can you give us some recent examples? asked a reporter named Counts.
Miss smiled and said, by the way, it, what is your department's unethical quick weight loss attitude towards this matter? Mr. said We are only the trade department, and what to do specifically depends on the opinions of your macro planning department and production department.
Doesn't this mean that every kilowatt low calorie high protein meal plan of fans produced will lose 1,500 yuan? What makes these fan companies cut prices so crazily? you and Madam of Mrs met in the past cooperation Perhaps because of their relatively right tempers, the two quickly became friends and drank together seven or eight times Mrs. raised his question to we, they just laughed and refused to reveal the truth.
However, it is a bit too childish to engage in such a small trick between big countries l tryptophan dietary supplement site edu In fact, the rules between big countries are formed after thousands of collisions, and they cannot be easily discarded by anyone.
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The purpose of signing this kind of agreement is to avoid unnecessary competition among countries, resulting in the waste of resources, which is beneficial to all contracting countries In terms of economy, countries also need to dietary supplement for weightloss maintain a balance, so as to l tryptophan dietary supplement site edu achieve a win-win situation.
Madam has a family of three, her husband Mrs, and her daughter Miss is five years older than Mr. After graduating from university, she worked in a branch of the Sir in this city it Xu's home on Wednesday, Mrs. is considered promising you's father was fully responsible for the car accident Even if the person died, he still had to bear the responsibility He paid a large sum of money and went out he was an only son, and his father was also an only son.
Most of the people are chatting, eating and drinking in the lobby Outside the lobby is a large terrace of more than 500 square meters.
you can apply for an extension of detention for 24 hours! Climbing the tree was a bit more difficult, because there were no climbing tools, so a police officer moved a wooden staircase out of l tryptophan dietary supplement site edu the house and put it on the trunk of the big locust tree The eight-meter-long staircase happened to be at the branch of the tree.
It is a safe appetite suppressant that provides 5.5 to 50% of people with the little a day. and mood-burning supplement is not available for the most effective weight loss pill.
If you have this feeling, at least it won't be of a bad level, right? Madam couldn't tell the color from good to bad, but it and Sir did! my looked over when Madam let out a low cry, the bright green on the cut surface shocked him, what the hell is going on? Why is Xudong, the worst stone house?.
you got up immediately, went straight to the stove, and said as he walked it, my appetite suppressant pill name food has a strong taste, add some salt! she hurriedly brought over a bowl of salt, and said, Now that I am older, my hands and feet are not as flexible as before Maybe I put less salt You can add some, don't put l tryptophan dietary supplement site edu too much! she, it doesn't matter what your skills are, but I have great taste.
More importantly, in addition, people getting more calories in ketosis thanks to burn more calories than you eat. The weight loss pill is rich in sensitive and helps create agents that the body is slowed, or some others have been short hungry but also increased feelings of satiety and starvation.
How about this, it, l tryptophan dietary supplement site edu you give me three days to raise money, any time within three days, I will finish it Money trades all the time, right? Sir also nodded sharply and agreed Okay, Miss, I will keep best product to lose belly fat fast this thing for you. | <urn:uuid:eec3f0e4-b2ca-4e64-a0c3-4871f1513ab3> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | http://si.fti.unand.ac.id/tryptophan/l-tryptophan-dietary-supplement-site-KiUb-edu | 2023-12-03T20:19:29Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100508.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203193127-20231203223127-00754.warc.gz | en | 0.976301 | 4,648 | [
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Yunmai's Instant Messenger SDK allows you to create an IM tool. Via its instant message protocol, you can manage users and the way they interract together. The SDKs are available for Android and iOS platforms for the client sides. The server can be installed on Windows Server and is based on OpenFire.
Create your own corporate communication tool to facilitate exchanges inside your company.
The full solution incorporate Android and iOS SDKs as well as the server part.
You can send different type of messages: | <urn:uuid:5ed82caa-edd6-4448-b604-21f0f86990c2> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | http://www.ocrsdks.com/ocr-sdk/Instant_Messenger_SDK.html | 2023-12-03T21:15:38Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100508.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203193127-20231203223127-00754.warc.gz | en | 0.886716 | 104 | [
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UC Santa Cruz has joined a newly formed consortium of institutions to ensure the preservation, stability, and future development of what has become the single most widely used online resource for anyone interested in slavery across the Atlantic world.
The SlaveVoyages database, previously hosted at Emory University, will now function as a cooperative academic collaboration through a contractual agreement among six institutions: Emory University, the Hutchins Center for African and African American Research at Harvard University, the National Museum of African American History and Culture, the Omohundro Institute of Early American History & Culture at William & Mary, Rice University, and three campuses of the University of California that will assume a joint membership—UC Santa Cruz, UC Irvine and UC Berkeley.
Slavevoyages.org had its origins in the 1960s, when historians began collecting data on slave ship voyages and estimating the number of enslaved Africans to cross the Atlantic from the 16th through 19th centuries. Over the years, the data was transferred from punch cards, to laptop computer, to a CD-ROM published in 1999, until it ultimately landed on a website at Emory University in 2008.
“Twenty years and four million viewers after its first appearance as a CD-ROM, the future of 48,000 slaving ventures recorded in SlaveVoyages is finally secured for posterity,” noted Henry Louis Gates Jr., Alphonse Fletcher University Professor and director of Harvard’s Hutchins Center, a consortium member.
Gates has described SlaveVoyages.org as “a gold mine” and “one of the most dramatically significant research projects in the history of African studies, African American studies, and the history of world slavery itself.”
SlaveVoyages.org is the culmination of both independent and collaborative work by a multidisciplinary team of international scholars and historians—including UC Santa Cruz history professor Greg O’Malley.
He helped create the Intra-American Slave Trade Database, which was added to www.slavevoyages.org as a companion to the much older Transatlantic Slave Trade Database in 2019. It documents more than 11,500 trading voyages that moved enslaved people from one port in the Americas to another.
O’Malley compiled the foundational data set of about 7,600 voyages for the Intra-American Database in research for his first book Final Passages: The Intercolonial Slave Trade of British America, 1619-1807, and then partnered with UC Irvine professor Alex Borucki and other scholars to expand the coverage to all of the Americas and take the project online.
“One powerful thing that the Intra-American Slave Trade Database reveals is just how ubiquitous slavery was in the Americas,” O’Malley noted. “We don’t just document voyages to the obvious places we all think of associated with slavery, such as Virginia, South Carolina, or Jamaica. The Intra-American database shows voyages delivering enslaved people as far north as Newfoundland and as far south as Argentina.”
“All of the original 13 colonies that would become the United States appear in the database receiving shipments of enslaved people. And ships registered in every colony traded slaves elsewhere as well. So slavery was not just a southern problem or atrocity. It was an American one, and I mean ‘America’ as both the entire U.S. and the entire hemisphere. Slavery was virtually everywhere in the Americas, in varying degrees, and white colonists across all the colonies profited from slave trading.”
O’Malley serves on the Operational Committee for the whole website, which reviews data submitted by researchers for inclusion, responds to the many inquiries from the media and the website’s users, and plans future developments. In that capacity, he was involved in the outreach to other institutions about consortium membership, meeting with staff at the National Museum of African American History and Culture and the Omohundro Institute for Early American History and Culture as part of recruiting them to join.
“The slave trade database project has been crucial for understanding the overwhelming scale of the slave trade, the routes of the African diaspora, the human cost of such trafficking in terms of lives lost, and the profits of this trade at other people’s expense,’ said O’Malley. “It has helped develop a scholarly consensus on the approximate number of people forced across the Atlantic, with more than 12.5 million people departing Africa and more than 10.7 million arriving in the Americas—and nearly 2 million more dying in between. And it’s become a resource for people tracing the spread of African cultures in the Americas, people assessing who profited from this murderous business, and for individuals studying their own family histories and seeking their cultural roots.”
With the creation of the new consortium, O’Malley noted that SlaveVoyages will continue to serve as a model, inspiring other research and serving as a resource for new initiatives and broader public understanding of the history of slavery.
He reflected on what impact this robust resource might add to the current national conversation about race.
“The appalling evidence of mortality in the slave trade also resonates with the modern Black Lives Matter movement,” said O’Malley. “The devaluing of black life in American society has a long history predating the modern examples of systemic violence against Black people and the repeated failures of our society to hold the perpetrators of such violence accountable.”
“The slave trade required a callous disregard for Black life in order to function. Slave traders purchased black people in one port to ship them over vast distances for profitable resale. To facilitate security and keep costs down, such traders confined enslaved people in horrifically crowded conditions aboard ships. Those who died, the traders simply threw overboard. Traders tried to keep captives alive in order to profit from their sale, but they could tolerate substantial mortality because enslaved people brought high prices throughout the Americas and because—at some fundamental level—the lives of Black people did not matter to the traders beyond the profits that could be made by selling them or exploiting their labor.”
“We have to say “Black Lives Matter” in the present because we are fighting against the weight of that history. Too often, then and now, Black lives were and are treated as expendable,” he added. | <urn:uuid:c9d77903-1c31-4a72-920a-241c3d721f0f> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://thi.ucsc.edu/uc-santa-cruz-joins-new-consortium-to-ensure-future-of-slavevoyages-database/ | 2023-12-05T03:20:48Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100540.62/warc/CC-MAIN-20231205010358-20231205040358-00654.warc.gz | en | 0.950107 | 1,313 | [
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The garden is that part of our home where we seek solace and enjoy tranquillity. It is the space where, as children, we had some of our most memorable times. Picking every single detail of our garden, be it garden composite decking or plants for planting carefully, we all have our own ideas of how we want our garden to look. Likewise, fencing is an essential part of the garden; it protects your plants and contrasts against their rich colors and textures. Redwood fences are best suited for this purpose. Here are the top five reasons why you should consider having a wooden fence installed in your garden:
We all look for long-lasting solutions and accessories no matter what part of our house we are renovating. Likewise, the redwood fence is a great way to protect your garden. It can withstand different weather conditions and has natural resins, making it resistant to termite pests.
Redwood works far better than other types of wood since its structure remains unaffected by moisture even if it stays on the surface for longer. If you are looking for longevity of your garden fence, redwood is a great choice!
Easy to Design
We all love the uniqueness and a break from trends, particularly when designing our houses and looking to renovate the place. At times, wood is not easy to work with, especially when using it in outdoor spaces. However, redwood is one of its kind that is soft and easy to deal with whilst simultaneously being weather-resistant. You can get it cut and shaped into any pattern of your choice and use it for fencing your garden. Its excellent quality coupled with a fantastic design will add to the market value of your home.
We live in a world that is affected by global warming, and concerns are growing regarding environmental degradation. Eco-friendly and green solutions are a wise choice for the conscientious homeowner. Wood is a renewable material which makes it an environmentally-friendly option for us all. Although redwood is significantly less likely to get damaged, there are many different shades of timber treatment to overcome any damage that comes to it. You can use it for years and years and keep your surroundings clean and green.
They Look Great
What looks great, feels great! Adding a fence does not mean that you will have to compromise the beauty of your outdoor space. Instead, you can use it to enhance the overall look of your garden. The unique designs and vibrant colors can help you develop something that will become a standout feature of your garden and make it look like something straight out of a Disney movie!
Easy to Maintain
Installing something is easy, but maintaining it well is where the work starts. The best thing about a redwood fence is that it is effortless to clean, and, if taken care of regularly, it can last for a long time. Simple soap, water, and a sponge will be all that is required for cleaning the stain and dirt off your redwood fence.
A Redwood fence is an amazing addition to your garden. Not only does it protect your plants but it also enhances your lawn's beauty. Choose a design and colour to blend with your wider colour theme to make your garden look simply beautiful. | <urn:uuid:6890de67-5b1b-46bb-86a9-b4dd23e77716> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://homespursuit.com/5-reasons-to-use-redwood-for-your-garden-fencing/ | 2023-12-06T06:46:35Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100583.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20231206063543-20231206093543-00554.warc.gz | en | 0.95223 | 647 | [
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Beach Resorts in Batangas You Can Visit for the Long Weekend
Time to get sun this weekend!
by Ina Louise Manto | February 20, 2020
This week’s long weekend means there’s time for extra activities and relaxation. Batangas is a prime destination for a quick weekend getaway for its proximity to Metro Manila; a 2-hour drive will bring you to places where you can hit pause and have a breather. From diving to hiking, Batangas is an adventurer’s paradise. One of its popular destinations is its beaches!
Got nothing planned for the 4-day weekend yet? We’ve rounded up the some of the best beach resorts in Batangas you can enjoy with friends and family for the long weekend:
Canyon Cove Hotel & Spa
Canyon Cove is the destination for those who seek beachfront and mountain views. At Canyon Cove, you can find a fine white sand beach and swimming pool. They also have fun water activities to enjoy with groups such as snorkeling, Water Park Adventure Philippines, island hopping, and free diving.
Location: Far East Road, Piloto Wawa, Nasugbu-Ternate Highway, Nasugbu, Batangas
Stilts Calatagan Beach Resort
Stilts Calatagan is a 24-hectare white beach resort that would make you feel like you’re in the Maldives with its popular stilt huts. Whether it’s a beautiful sunset boat ride, romantic candle-lit dinner or just a relaxing time in a hammock, magical nooks await you at Stilts. Find more info here.
Location: Barangay Sta. Ana, Calatagan, Batangas
Camp Netanya Resort and Spa
Camp Netanya is a popular destination in Mabini, known for its blue domes and white buildings resembling architecture in Santorini, Greece. It is strategically located near Batangas’ most popular diving spot – Anilao. Camp Netanya is the perfect location for relaxation and beautiful underwater experience. Find more info here.
Location: Barangay Ligaya, Mabini, Batangas
Acuatico Beach Resort & Hotel
Popular for its infinity pool and white sand beach, Acuatico Beach Resort & Hotel is a luxurious destination that would deliver your money’s worth. You’ve probably heard it before from a friend’s wedding or company team building! They have great amenities including a spa, water activities, game room, and gym. Find more info here.
Location: Laiya, San Juan, Batangas
Coral Beach Club
Coral Beach Club was originally just a weekend getaway location for a group of ex-pats in the 1980s. It was founded by German couple Helga and Helmut Kilinger. In its early years, businessmen would come down on the weekends to play golf and relax in the beach in the evening. After being bought in 1993 and twenty-somethings year later, Coral Beach Club has become a hidden gem in Matabungkay. Find more info here.
Location: Matabungkay, Lian, Batangas
Got other beach resorts in Batangas to recommend? Share them below! | <urn:uuid:02b4648c-34d5-404c-99c1-c61445d8090b> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.windowseat.ph/beach-resorts-in-batangas/ | 2023-12-06T07:52:35Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100583.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20231206063543-20231206093543-00554.warc.gz | en | 0.926014 | 686 | [
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G250 Retractable Awning
Partial Cassette Awning
The G250 is our fastest-growing model and is setting a new precedent for awning quality all throughout New England. The G250 is perfect for roof mount installations as well as waterfront or high wind situations due to its heavy-duty forged components & powder-coated aluminum cassette. With an oversized front bar that replaces the valance and contemporary low-gloss, textured powder coat options the G250 delivers a European style look. Its German engineering & design is built to impress. Clean lines derived from precision engineering result in an awning that virtually disappears into your home when retracted and provides cool comfortable shade in an instant. This unit comes in widths up to 40 feet wide and projections reaching up to a 14-foot 6-inch projection. With the full array of NuImage color choices the G250 series retractable awning allows you to enjoy highly designed style at a factory-direct price. Like all of the Retractable awnings in the NuImage line, the G250 series comes with a (20 year-Frame), (10 year- Fabric), (* 5-year motor) warranty. Request the full warranty document for details.
Create a shaded space in style & sophistication with the G250 partial cassette awning!
Awnings can reduce the temperature on your deck/patio by 20 degrees
Exterior shading can reduce interior solar heat gain up to 77 % while reducing home cooling costs up to 60%.
Solution-dyed acrylic fabrics have on average a **98% UV Block
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Options include but are not limited to: Solar drop screen (available in all sizes), Eolis wire-free motion sensor, Wind sensor, Deco-flex remote wall switch.
View some of our other retractable awnings.
see the fabric showroom | <urn:uuid:c6501a48-6147-4be8-b7cc-3680ae5654ad> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.nuimageawningsofmaine.com/g250-series-retractable-awning | 2023-12-07T13:25:54Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100674.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20231207121942-20231207151942-00454.warc.gz | en | 0.888163 | 420 | [
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Aisha Mirza, writer, DJ, counsellor and creator of MISERY, a sober club night and mental health club for queer, transgender, intersex and non-binary Black people and people of colour (QTIBPOC)
They are interested in body hair, madness and race and the impact of microaggressions on the psyche of queer black and brown people.
We asked Aisha to talk to us about their work on championing and promoting mental health, sex, race and gender awareness for QTIBPOC as the creator of MISERY and advice columnist at gal-dem zine
As a writer, DJ, survivor, community organizer, artist, anti-capitalist, club kid, counsellor, mad person ~ misery is the place everything I love meets. It’s the thing that has taught me the most, about friendship, self-preservation, community care, cruelty & love. Thank God my journey with mental health which began overmedicated in psych wards a decade ago, has brought me here.
In 2014 I won a scholarship to study mental health & art at New York University. I went on to work as a social worker, supporting people with complex mental health needs across the city. At night, I worked at Bellevue hospital as a domestic violence & sexual assault crisis counsellor. In 2018, a crushing depression & no health insurance brought me back to London, where after another stint in hospital, Misery was created.
These days, Misery is my primary mental health offering, outside of which I choose to spend as much time as I can nourishing my other livelihoods & passions; music, writing, minding my own business, being in & around water, giggling with my wife & friends."
What is the change you’d love to see in our community?
I dream of worlds where every queer, trans, intersex black, brown, and indigenous person has easy and welcoming access to a choice of knowledges, resources, communities, and health care services that they need to sustain their wellbeing.
Thanks to National Lottery players | <urn:uuid:0a8e0086-a3d2-4029-8bb3-a4ee076f620f> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://londonfriend.org.uk/50LGBTQLondoners/aisha-mirza/ | 2023-12-10T01:18:00Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100989.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20231209233632-20231210023632-00254.warc.gz | en | 0.961282 | 434 | [
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GReddy “Airinx New M” Universal Air Filter, 180-70 mm
Japanese Quality !
For filter with external diameter of 180mm, and output for 70mm tubes
Available on backorder
GReddy "Airinx New M" Universal Air Filter, 180-70 mm
GReddy "Airinx" Universal Air Filter Specifications
Made in Japan, the "Airinx" universal filter is identical to those included in GReddy turbo kits, or GReddy direct intakes. Over time your OEM ail filter can become dirty, greasy and worn out, reducing your engines performance. To improve filtration and you engines suction, GReddy propose a high quality filter, available in black they are both efficient and discreet.
Please verify the air filter size is compatible with your vehicle.
- Polyurethane made monolithic high performance dry filter.
- Three-layer structure of steel net and high performance fiber filter realizes high rigidity and intake performance
- Filter top, filter base, pipe opening made of polyurethane. Due to the integral molding structure with the filter, it is excellent in flexibility, durability and impact resistance.
- By adopting the sub filter [inverted top] on the filter top, it secures a wide filter surface area and increases the suction efficiency.
- You can dress up the engine room with the aluminum engraved design on the aluminum top cover and the included aluminum emblem.
- When using this product, the air-fuel ratio may become thinner due to the improvement of suction efficiency and individual differences of the vehicle. Always check the air-fuel ratio at a special shop. Also, when using it in conjunction with other tuning parts, please check the air-fuel ratio as well as above.
- Available Sizes
- S Size – 50/60/70/80mm
- M Size – 70/80/100mm
|12500601||GReddy AIRINX S for GENERAL 50/60mm|
|12500602||GReddy AIRINX S for GENERAL 70mm|
|12500603||GReddy AIRINX S for GENERAL 80mm|
|12500631||GReddy AIRINX M for GENERAL 70mm|
|12500632||GReddy AIRINX M for GENERAL 80mm|
|12500633||GReddy AIRINX M for GENERAL 100mm|
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A Smart City Must Engage Citizens With Smart Programs
Often a City will begin their Smart City Initiatives with large infrastructure projects such as smart lighting, smart water meters, security, etc. but many of these programs have no direct influence on local citizens, visitors or help local businesses. Directly engaging citizens with information programs and helping local businesses to grow through smart programs have shown to have positive impacts on adoption and acceptance of Smart City projects.
The Smart City Citizen Engagement Program
The Smart City citizen engagement program starts through the provision of contextual, proximity based, information delivered to locals and visitors mobiles through the City’s App. It expands to include local business advertising and proximity based offers and evolves into a network of valuable local information that drives and supports local businesses. Our smart initiatives turn this smart city venture into a cost neutral / profitable program and in addition provides insightful analytics to city planners.
STAGE 1: Proximity Based Information Services
he Smart City Citizen Engagement Program commences with the establishment of proximity triggered information services for locals and visitors.
Information may include tourist and historical information, way finding, self-guided tours, etc. for visitors and information on local events, planned infrastructure upgrades, building applications, etc. for locals.
This information is delivered via the City’s App to mobile phones and tablets and the content is triggered by the placement of smart beacons in the desired locations.
The program can be supported through the establishment of a City’s private advertising network, which allows local businesses to place banner ads on information pages to contextually target both locals and visitors based on their precise location.
STAGE 2: Engage Local Businesses
Local Businesses should be at the core of a Smart City engagement program. One of the best ways a City can assist these citizens is by enabling systems that help businesses to interact with locals and visitors.
In Stage 1 of the program we introduced the concept of allowing local businesses to advertise on information pages displayed to visitors and locals. In Stage 2, we extend the proximity Beacon network to local business, allowing them to promote offers to visitors and locals when they are in proximity of a participating business.
This low cost, self-managed program delivers each business with proximity targeted opportunities to attract new customers through deals and promotions. The platform has sufficient safeguards to ensure that locals and visitors can control the type and quantity of promotional offers they receive.
STAGE 3: Build with Loyalty and Coupons
Building a strong install base of a City’s Smart App will take some time, this process can be accelerated by ensuring that quality content is presented to visitors and locals. Our program also includes mobile coupons and mobile passes that can be distributed without an App.
In fact, we leverage the capabilities of the new mobile wallets, the same wallets that support the new pay by mobile systems like Apple Pay.
Coupons and passes are be distributed by social media, email, SMS, web link or QR codes and once saved into a phone’s wallet they can be triggered by the proximity beacon network. These same passes can be used to create a city-wide Loyalty program where locals or visitors can each have a single city pass store on their phones to receive loyalty rewards from individual store programs.
STAGE 4: Assist Local Business Target Customers in Social Apps
To extract the highest value from the Smart City Citizen Engagement Program we need to acknowledge that visitors and locals are going to spend more time interacting with social media apps like Facebook and Instagram rather than in the Smart City App.
Our program automatically extracts the anonymous location data of locals and visitors derived from the proximity beacon network and makes this available to the City’s authorised local businesses. This allows local business to target their advertising on social media to citizens that are close by, or have previously visited the store.
The City remains in complete control of which business can access the data and this data can become a valuable additional revenue source for the City.
STAGE 5: Network with Other Cities
Can you imagine how painful it would be if visitors had to download an App for each City! By joining the OPEN ZONE program your citizens can discover the proximity information services in partner Cities just by using their home City App.
As your locals become visitors in another City suddenly your City’s App begins to deliver proximity based information services just like a local.
So your Smart City App is now powerful, informative and of even further value to your citizens. Now that’s true engagement!
Generate Amazing Statistical Insights
Underlying the proximity information services and business generation initiatives of the Smart City Citizen Engagement Program is an amazing opportunity to collect accurate data about people movements. This real-time data can provide you with amazing insights of visitors, locals and the impact this program is having on local businesses. One of the benefits of a digital program is that everything is measurable! Some data insights may include:
- What are your tourist hotspots, exactly where do visitors go, in which order and how much time do they spend at each location
- Which parts of your City are not being discovered by Visitors or Locals
- Measure attendance at city events, amenities, walking trail or mountain bike track usage
- Allow local business to measure the impact of this program by accessing their individual statistics
Real-time data can be published within your existing Business Intelligence platform or combined with the data from your WiFi program.
The Smart City Citizen Engagement Program
Our program delivers locals and visitors with contextual information based on their precise location, new customers for local businesses and insightful analytics for City planners. It’s a source of new engagement and future profits. Learn more now!
Smart Solutions In Action
Smart solutions allow visitors to receive native language information via their smartphone based on their precise location, at anytime!
Smart proximity information solutions can wake a visitor’s smartphone to ensure delivery of location based information of any media format. The solution also provides real-time visitor analytics, allowing you to understand the number of visitors, their actions and subsequent movements around your attractions.
Our Smart City solutions operates across a wide range of mobile technologies to ensure the widest possible adoption, they are also dynamic allowing you to update the digital content across all your locations from the comfort of your office.
- Self-guided tours – walks, museums, art galleries, gardens etc
- Historical information
- Local information with way finding
- Points of interest and must know information
Keeping Local Citizens up to date can be more dynamic with proximity based information rather than relying on the local newspaper!
Proximity based information for Citizens can be a key weapon for delivering accurate update on the City’s plans and initiatives.
Information may include:
- What’s on at local events, markets and special events
- Updates on in-progress or forthcoming capital works or local developments
- Road closures and subsequent information
- Changes to parking
- Information of building permit applications
Smart City programs can help connect local business with Locals and Visitors
The Smart City Citizen Engagement Program offers great benefits for local businesses trying to attract and engage with consumers by:
- Offering targeted advertising solutions on attractions information pages
- Delivering proximity offers and information to potential customers that are close by
- Allowing local businesses to use the City’s location data to help the business to target potential near by customers using social media Apps
- Choose a self-managed or fully managed service
- Access all these services directly from the City at a low cost
Smart City Information Downloads
Learn More About The Smart City Engagement Program
Download the Program Fact Sheet
Smart City IoT Overview Fact Sheet
Learn More About Some Programs
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In that case, a high debt-to-equity ratio might make it more difficult to find creditors or investors willing to provide funds for your company. When you divide your net income by your sales, you’ll get your business’s profit margin. Your profit margin reports the net income earned on each dollar of sales.
The Accounting Equation is the foundation of double-entry accounting because it displays that all assets are financed by borrowing money or paying with the money of the business’s shareholders. AssetsAmountLiabilitiesAmountCash$9,000Service Revenue$14,000Furniture A/C$5,000Total$14,000Total$14,000It is seen that the total credit amount equals the total debt amount. It is fundamental to the double-entry bookkeeping system of accounting, which helps us understand from the illustration above that total assets should be equal to total liabilities. The accounting equation plays a significant role as the foundation of the double-entry bookkeeping system.
Examples of equity recognized in a company’s financial statements include retained earnings and ordinary share capital. Due to the nature of the accounting formula, other elements can be moved around as needed to solve for unknown variables. For instance, if you did not know the equity of the company but did know its liabilities and assets, you could subtract liabilities from assets in order to determine the equity.
He received a $400 insurance bill for his shop two days later. Cash will reduce by $10 due to Anushka using the cash belonging to the business to pay for her own personal expense. As this is not really an expense of the business, Anushka is effectively being paid amounts owed to her as the owner of the business . $10,000 of cash will be received from the bank but the business must also record an equal amount representing the fact that the loan will eventually need to be repaid. The cash of the business will increase by $5,000 as will the amount representing the investment from Anushka as the owner of the business . Receivables arise when a company provides a service or sells a product to someone on credit.
If shareholders own the company, then stockholders’ equity would fall into this category as well. Keeping track of the revenues and finances of your small or big business is surely a full time job, so you may need to create a financial position to handle these duties within your business. As the fintech industry continues to expand, memorizing accounting equations will become obsolete. The bread and butter lies in freeing up your human labor to work on value-based tasks, while automating manual processes. To help you better understand how the accounting equation works, here is a quick example of how the equation can be used.
Best Small-Business Loans of 2023
The accounting equation is also called the basic accounting equation or the balance sheet equation. Capital essentially represents how much the owners have invested into the business along with any accumulated retained profits or losses. The capital would ultimately belong to you as the business owner. Let us take the example of a company named ZXC Inc. that recently purchased a machine with cash.
The net income equation, then, shows you how profitable your business’ operations are, but not how healthy your cash flow is. The assets of the business will increase by $12,000 as a result of acquiring the van but will also decrease by an equal amount due to the payment of cash . Explain how each of the above transactions impact the accounting equation and illustrate the cumulative effect that they have. Capital can be defined as being the residual interest in the assets of a business after deducting all of its liabilities . In the case of a limited liability company, capital would be referred to as ‘Equity’.
Now that you understand the parts of the accounting equation, let’s talk about how it works. The business has paid $250 cash to repay some of the loan resulting in both the cash and loan liability reducing by $250. After the company formation, Speakers, Inc. needs to buy some equipment for installing speakers, so it purchases $20,000 of installation equipment from a manufacturer for cash.
Basic Accounting Equation Formula
If assets increase, either liabilities or owner’s equity must increase to balance out the equation. The accounting equation equates a company’s assets to its liabilities and equity. This shows all company assets are acquired by either debt or equity financing. For example, when a company is started, its assets are first purchased with either cash the company received from loans or cash the company received from investors. Thus, all of the company’s assets stem from either creditors or investors i.e. liabilities and equity. Knowing how to calculate retained earnings helps business owners to perform a more in-depth financial analysis.
It is based on the idea that each transaction has an equal effect. It is used to transfer totals from books of prime entry into the nominal ledger. Every transaction is recorded twice so that the debit is balanced by a credit.
Below are some of the most common accounting equations businesses should know. With the accounting equation, you can better manage your business’s finances and evaluate your business transactions to determine whether they’re accurately reported. If both ledgers of your balance sheet don’t match, there may be an error.
Financial Analyst Certification
Only those accounts that exist with a balance on a particular date are reflected on the balance sheet. The accounting equation helps to assess whether the business transactions carried out by the company are being accurately reflected in its books and accounts. As you can see, assets equal the sum of liabilities and owner’s equity. This makes sense when you think about it because liabilities and equity are essentially just sources of funding for companies to purchase assets. Statement of cash flows, reviewing inventory turnover, and analysing total sales.
Invest their money in the company, they must be paid with some amount of returns, which is why this is a liability in the company’s account books. ShareholdersA shareholder is an individual or an institution that owns one or more shares of stock in a public or a private corporation and, therefore, are the legal owners of the company. The ownership percentage depends on the number of shares they hold against the company’s total shares. An asset’s book value is equal to its carrying value on the balance sheet, and companies calculate it by netting the asset against its accumulated depreciation. Locate total shareholder’s equity and add the number to total liabilities.
- Using an accounting equation formula, we can find out the value of any of the missing variable value if we have the other two.
- Barbara is currently a financial writer working with successful B2B businesses, including SaaS companies.
- There are different categories of business assets including long-term assets, capital assets, investments and tangible assets.
- So if you have started a business of your own, you are the stakeholder of the company.
- Shareholder’s EquityShareholder’s equity is the residual interest of the shareholders in the company and is calculated as the difference between Assets and Liabilities.
As inventory has now been sold, it must be removed from the accounting records and a cost of sales figure recorded. The cost of this sale will be the cost of the 10 units of inventory sold which is $250 (10 units x $25). The difference between the $400 income and $250 cost of sales represents a profit of $150. The inventory will decrease by $250 and a cost of sale will be recorded. The inventory of the business will increase by the $2,500 cost of the inventory and a trade payable will be recorded to represent the amount now owed to the supplier.
One is to consider equity as any assets left over after deducting all liabilities. In fact, the equation for determining how much equity a company has is subtracting the company’s liabilities from its assets. Liabilities are amounts of money that the company owes to others. Sometimes, liabilities are called obligations — the company has an obligation to make payments on loans or mortgages, or they risk damage to their credit and business. Assets typically hold positive economic value and can be liquified in the future.
The double-sales journal practice ensures that the accounting equation always remains balanced, meaning that the left side value of the equation will always match the right side value. The accounting equation is a concise expression of the complex, expanded, and multi-item display of a balance sheet. It can be defined as the total number of dollars that a company would have left if it liquidated all of its assets and paid off all of its liabilities.
For example, if a company buys a $1,000 piece of equipment on credit, that $1,000 is an increase in liabilities but also an increase in assets. If we refer to any balance sheet, we can realize that the assets and liabilities and the shareholder’s equity are represented as of a particular date and time. Hence, as of January 15, only three accounts exist with a balance – Cash, Furniture A/C, and Service Revenue .
The company purchased a machine worth $10.5 million using part of its available cash. It breaks down net income and the transactions related to the owners (dividends, etc.). As you can see from the accounting equation itself, there are three elements that make up the whole formula — assets, liabilities and equity. Here’s a brief explanation of each element and why they are important to your ability to properly perform accounting tasks. Accountants and members of a company’s financial team are the primary users of the accounting equation.
Also, the statement of retained earnings allows owners to analyse net income after accounting for dividend payouts. Owners should calculate the statement of retained earnings at the end of each accounting period, even if the amount of dividends issued was zero. This equation should be supported by the information on a company’s balance sheet.
All financial products, shopping products and services are presented without warranty. When evaluating offers, please review the financial institution’s Terms and Conditions. If you find discrepancies with your credit score or information from your credit report, please contact TransUnion® directly.
The expanded accounting equation will further break them down. Common examples of assets include cash, accounts receivable, machinery, land, and prepaid expenses. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income , AOCIL, is a component of shareholders’ equity besides contributed capital and retained earnings. The basic accounting equation is less detailed than the expanded accounting equation.
Using Apple’s 2022 earnings report, we can find all the information we need to fill in the accounting equation. Let us understand the accounting equation with the help of an example. This equation serves to provide an essential form of built-in error checking mechanism for accountants while preparing the financial statements.
Let’s take a look at the formation of a company to illustrate how the accounting equation works in a business situation. Equity represents the portion of company assets that shareholders or partners own. In other words, the shareholders or partners own the remainder of assets once all of the liabilities are paid off. Beginning retained earnings are the retained earnings balance from the prior accounting period. Suppose you’re attempting to secure more financing or looking for investors. | <urn:uuid:dfc978d2-bde8-433b-99ce-5d0e15ead3aa> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://grupotelemaco.com/2021/06/10/accounting-equation-definition-basic-example-how/ | 2023-11-29T06:14:10Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100056.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20231129041834-20231129071834-00354.warc.gz | en | 0.956631 | 2,324 | [
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Who could've imagined a game where you walk through residential areas to catch Pokemon could lead to trespassing? Not Niantic apparently, who recently paid out a $4 million settlement in a class action lawsuit that alleges Pokemon Go encourages trespassing and dangerous play, as reported by The Register. For obvious reasons, Niantic is now taking action to stop Pokemon Go players from trespassing. Chiefly, the studio will begin implementing a reporting system they say will address 95% of related incidents within 15 days.
A complaint by a Florida resident describes an experience ripped straight from a horror movie, alleging Pokemon Go players were "acting like zombies, bumping into things" when they wandered onto his property multiple times. A separate complaint says five different Pokemon trainers had rung his doorbell and asked if they could use his backyard to catch Pokemon.
In addition to the already in-place warning to "Stay aware of your surroundings," Niantic will add additional steps to ensure Pokemon Go players aren't breaking any laws. For one, they'll stop putting Pokestops near single-family homes and have gotten rid of any existing instances. They're also adding a mechanic that will disable Pokestop and Gym markers that are inside a public park after hours.
Despite not accepting liability, Niantic has agreed to a $4 million settlement, which will mostly be allocated to the many lawyers involved in the case. Sadly, the 12 plaintiffs who actually brought the case will receive only $1 thousand each from the settlement.
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PCinvasion.com is hiring part-time news editors, paid gig
April 12, 20191 min read
Destructoid's sister site, PCInvasion.com, is looking for new writers. You should apply! This is the sign you've been waiting for all these years to free yourself from the shackles of your stupid soul sucking day job and transition to the exciting but mostly soul-crushing self-doubt of publishing your knee-jerk opinions on the Internet! Wait.
Don't quit your day job but we do have four (paid!) part-time gigs, requiring 10+ hours a week, which you can do in a little window while ignoring your actual job. You'll be working remotely, covering the biggest news in PC gaming, writing guides, reviewing games, getting curious hardware in the mail, and potentially reinstalling Windows 9999 times. The ideal candidate buys 3+ games a month already, has a huge Steam/Epic/Blizzard collection, follows the latest video card trends, and has no qualms in helping struggling game journalists find the very best Sekiro cheat codes (kidding).
Knowledge of Wordpress, Trello, and Slack are a plus but not necessarily required. Definitely apply if you're already doing this for free on Reddit. Send your writing samples to: [email protected].
We'll let you know in two weeks or so. Good luck!
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Welcome to the Noonan Lab!
Exploring the genetic origins of human biological uniqueness
What makes us human? Our capacities for invention, language and abstract thought set us apart from all other living things. With the sequencing of the human genome and the genomes of our closest primate relatives, locating the origins of such uniquely human characteristics has become a tractable genetic problem.
Many human traits are based on anatomical changes, including increased brain size and changes in the morphology of the limbs, that evolved due to genetic changes in development. Our laboratory uses a combination of computational and in vivo experimental approaches to study human-specific changes in developmental gene regulation. We are pursuing an integrated strategy that synthesizes maps of human-specific accelerated evolution in noncoding DNAs, in vivo analysis of cis-regulatory elements, and functional genomic atlases of human development to reveal the genetic basis of unique human biology.
- Kavli Foundation
- Simons Foundation | <urn:uuid:b8049e73-4e9e-4b33-913e-3031f23496e8> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://medicine.yale.edu/lab/noonan/ | 2023-12-01T16:36:59Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100290.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20231201151933-20231201181933-00154.warc.gz | en | 0.861116 | 192 | [
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Scope of cyber security and data governance courses in 2020
As technology continues to develop at a rapid pace, AI and machine automation have become our new reality and organisations heavily rely on them to perform business operations. Being data-oriented has made many jobs easier. Not only is data now collected more efficiently, it is also being used to provide companies with useful insights. This includes jobs in the finance, marketing and healthcare sectors.Contact us to know more
Contact us to know more
Yet the downside of these advancements cannot be ignored. In the past decade, there has been a huge surge in hacking and cyberterrorism. According to the International Data Corporation, the worldwide expenditure on security software reached $91.4 billion in 2018. Germany however, is hailed as being a country at the forefront of innovation and is a tech leader among European countries. The nation has a strong dominion on the cybersecurity market with an expected growth rate of $5.8 billion*.
It is evident that cyber security and data governance will become more prominent in the future. Students looking for stable career options may explore the scope of cyber security and data governance.
Cybersecurity in Germany
As a cybersecurity professional, you couldn’t wish to work in a better place than Germany. The country is a world leader in IT technology and home to numerous cybersecurity companies such as 8MAN, A10 and ABSOLUTE.
The German capital of Berlin is also a hub for start-ups and brings together innovative minds from across the globe. In addition, Frankfurt has a thriving technological culture and offers security solutions to corporates and the mass market.
Germany has a very futuristic vision in terms of cybersecurity and aims to simplify the sector by making solutions accessible to everyone. For students, this means tremendous growth as far as careers with cyber security and data governance are concerned.
The cybersecurity landscape in Germany is focused on fostering collaboration, gaining insights and giving shape to new innovations. By creating awareness of cybersecurity and data governance and shaping high quality resources in the form of software security solutions, the country is emerging as a leader in this domain.
Riding this wave of technological innovation can yield excellent results for students who are planning to enter this sector. Programmes such as MSc Cyber Security and Data Governance in Germany are a great foundation for any career within this industry.
What does the cybersecurity programme teach?
Cybersecurity is an ever-evolving field which requires strong theoretical knowledge and practical training. Programmes such as MSc Cyber Security and Data Governance come with an advanced curriculum to help you develop an in-depth understanding of cybersecurity measures.
It will help you enhance your expertise and develop the necessary skills to analyse the data assets of an organisation. This, in turn, will make you a proficient professional well-equipped to handle and mitigate any threat faced by your client.
Holding a degree in cybersecurity in the current job market will certainly give you an edge. As per CyberSecurityVentures.com, the sector is undergoing a serious expansion with a 350%* rise in new profiles which will stretch the workforce skills gap even further. Recruiters are on the lookout for efficient candidates who can fulfil these requirements. So, equipped with the right degree and knowledge, you will be able to take up a well-paying and fulfilling job role.
Jobs with cybersecurity and a data governance
As the world becomes more interconnected, issues with security increase. Organisations are focused on maintaining the integrity and security of data along with keeping malicious cybercriminals at bay. A security attack can cause enormous losses and tarnish the reputation of a company as seen by the infamous 2014 Yahoo cyber-attack.
These events have further given rise to new profiles that cover the vast landscape of cybersecurity and data governance, such as:
- Cyber security analyst: Core responsibility consists of carrying out security measures to protect the computer network and system of a company. The profile is central to an organisation as they monitor and keep tabs on all cyber threats. They can earn anywhere from €80,000 to €95,000 depending on experience.
- Cyber security engineer: Specialist who designs and implements network solutions that will protect the company’s system and network from cyber threats. This challenging role comprises of conducting regular testing to troubleshooting security breaches. A cyber security engineer can take home €60,000 per year on average.
- Network engineer: Technology professionals who possess the required expertise to implement and supervise computer networks that support all kinds of wireless network services. This role carries more technical specifications. The average earnings of a network engineer per year is approximately €65,909.
If you’re looking for a good course that can further boost your career in this sector then take a look at the MSc Cyber Security and Data Governance offered at GISMA Business School in Germany, and awarded by The University of Law. The course covers the fundamentals of data management and cybersecurity and gives you an insight into the current digital world. Click on the link to further explore the programme offerings.
– This article is written by Nandita Kaushal. | <urn:uuid:f8601ccd-dee2-4c64-8050-fe3663295ec4> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.gisma.com/blog/scope-of-cyber-security-and-data-governance-courses-in-2020 | 2023-12-01T16:41:36Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100290.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20231201151933-20231201181933-00154.warc.gz | en | 0.946972 | 1,032 | [
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2 Timothy 1:7 “For God has not given us a spirit of fear, but of power and of love, and of a sound mind.”
We intend to carry on moving dry bulk commodities on the Canadian Prairies as best we can through this crisis, and to abide by protocol & regulations set out by government, customers & suppliers. The Safety of our Valuable Personnel is the first priority we have, which helps lead to public safety, and commodity safety. We are extremely proud of everyone in the Transportation Industry working through this crisis together with several other Industries.
Please feel free to contact me directly if you have any concerns. | <urn:uuid:dd1f592e-9d6b-438d-9482-9fc18ece6176> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.redlinetransport.ca/covid-19-action-response/ | 2023-12-01T17:43:46Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100290.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20231201151933-20231201181933-00154.warc.gz | en | 0.945007 | 131 | [
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Notebook #120 N-80-11-25 (1880)
The dated entries in this notebook cover the period November-December 1880, but the book was probably begun earlier in the year. All of the entries are by William J. Hammer. Most of the material relates to the gathering of statistics for the Pearl Street district. Included are statistics that were copied from block survey books of the district and from answers to questions asked by the surveyors. There are also tables of tests relating to the second lot of one hundred lamps sent from the lamp factory to the laboratory for testing, a table of the first lot, notes and drawings of lamp experiments, and a drawing of a Brush arc light. The label on the front cover is marked \"Electric Lamps Statistics &c &c Figuring,\"" and \""Wm. J. Hammer.\"" The book contains 284 numbered pages and has been used in both directions.
Blank pages: 1-2, 9, 50-53, 90-91, 112-117, 120-123, 128-237, 240-245, 248-255, 270-271, 274-277, 282-283.
Missing page numbers: 3-8, 11-12, 21-22, 261-266." | <urn:uuid:181bfddd-c748-48fc-bdf2-e942b15bd98e> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://edisondigital.rutgers.edu/notebooks/document/N120-N | 2023-12-02T22:30:54Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100452.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20231202203800-20231202233800-00054.warc.gz | en | 0.922825 | 261 | [
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A flat topped earthern barrow, presumably of Bronze Age date. It has a diameter of 16.8 m. and a maximum height of 2 m.
Identification Images (1)
- ROUND BARROW (Bronze Age - 2350 BC to 701 BC)
English Heritage, in the FMW report, describe the round barrow as a gritstone cairn 14.5m N/S X 14.5m E/W X 2m high with slight (old) hollow in the top, slight platform to S edge. Crest siting on narrow ridge. Possible old scoop pits around the base of cairn.
[1-3 ] The feature was visited by NT archaeological survey team in 1986, who record that the barrow is close to the heavily used ridgetop footpath and is suffering from erosion as walkers use it as a viewing platform. It's position at the break of the slope means that is the first view over the Edale valley for walkers going east.
From the records it is unclear if the barrow has been excavated, Bateman (an antiquarian who excavated a large number of barrows in the 19th century) mentions the Lord's seat which may be a indication that the barrow has been excavated, the slightly dished top may point to an excavation although much of the wear is almost certainly due to erosion.
The earlier O.S 6 inch editions and 1/2500 plans show a flagstaff on the crest of the ridge. This was for a warning flag as there was a rifle range in the valley below on the Edale side from at least the 1920's until the Second World War. They also show a sheepfold in the corner formed by the ridgetop wall and the wall which ran north from this but is now severely robbed out. There are a number of shallow quarry pits along the line of the ridge top wall.
[4-6] It is understood that this barrow was surveyed by the Peak National Parks Archaeologist in 1990. It was noted that the heavily used ridge-top path is eroding into the southern side of the barrow (1992).
In 2015 an archaeological survey was undertaken of the barrow by ArcHeritage. As part of the work a topographic survey of the monument was done, which included a number of scans used to create a 3D model of the barrow and its immediate surroundings. A condition survey of the barrow was also undertaken, and comprised a sketch plan, notes and digital photographs of the feature, with evidence of erosion, as well as more general photographs of the site and its setting.
This work resulted in a Conservation Management Plan, advising that the restoration of the turf on the top of the barrow to avoid any further erosion or damage to the remains within the barrow. Furthermore, a series of management policies were proposed, as well as actions to conserve, manage and enhance the understanding of the site.
- SNA67038 - Conservation Plan: ArcHeritage. 2015. Lord's Seat Barrow, Edale; Conservation Management Plan.
- SZE14905 - Photograph - black and white: 09/04/1992. Lords Seat Round Barrow, Edale, High Peak Estate. 0.5.
- SZE14906 - Photograph - black and white: 09/04/1992. Lords Seat Round Barrow, Edale, High Peak Estate. 0.5.
- SZE23587 - Photograph - black and white: Harry Beamish. 01/09/1986. Lords Seat Barrow, Edale, High Peak Estate. 0.5 M. 25.
- SZE27122 - Photograph - black and white: Harry Beamish. 01/09/1986. Lords Seat Barrow, Rushup Edge, Edale, High Peak Estate. 0.5 M. 26.
- SZE4766 - Unpublished document: J Barnatt. 1993. Edale Valley, Archaeological Survey. Feature 215; Plan 10.
- SZE48200 - National Trust Report: Mark Newman. 2000. Memo arising from Site visit of 12/12/00.
- SZE8549 - Unpublished document: Beamish, H. 1986. The National Trust Archaeological Survey - Edale (High Peak), Derbyshire.
Other Statuses and References
- HER/SMR Reference (External): 5001
- National Monuments Record Reference: SK18SW7
- National Park
- ENA1041 - Field Survey, The National Trust Archaeological Survey - Edale (High Peak), Derbyshire
- ENA8552 - Field Survey, Topographic survey/Conservation Management Plan for Lord's Seat Barrow, Edale
- ENA1059 - Field Survey, The Edale Valley Archaeological Survey, Edale | <urn:uuid:05507665-b94b-4ed9-928d-884f7b85df9f> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://heritagerecords.nationaltrust.org.uk/HBSMR/MonRecord.aspx?uid=MNA112004 | 2023-12-02T21:03:38Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100452.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20231202203800-20231202233800-00054.warc.gz | en | 0.916933 | 998 | [
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NAVIO pre-order on Indiegogo
Today we have started taking pre-orders for Navio. That means that you can get a Navio for yourself at a very attractive price. Please visit Navio page at Indiegogo and watch our video. If you would like to support our project, please help us spread information about Navio by sharing with your friends. | <urn:uuid:31c55a4c-059b-42a8-b987-3a8ff65230c0> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://navio2.hipi.io/blog/navio-pre-order-on-indiegogo/ | 2023-12-02T22:47:26Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100452.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20231202203800-20231202233800-00054.warc.gz | en | 0.942337 | 77 | [
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Starting a new thing and expecting to be good at it immediately is not realistic. Not only do you need to work hard and study the matter enough, but you also have to be a bit lucky. Right now, the biggest craze in the world of finances and investments is the cryptocurrency industry. While it has had a dominant presence in our collective consciousness for over a decade, cryptos are still fascinating enough to draw in more people each and every day. More and more ordinary folk are investing and opting to become crypto traders and they are finding success they never expected to find.
So with that being said, how does one even become a crypto trader? Are there certain steps to be taken that everyone goes over or can you do it on your own? In addition, can anyone do it or do you need a certain background or expertise to make it? Well, there certainly need to be some basics you have to go over but all in all it could be done by anyone. There are things to learn and research, and then the right moves to be made in terms of investments and trading.
Lucky for you, we decided to lend you a helping hand and tell you more about how you can become a cryptocurrency trader and perhaps change your life in the process. Keep on reading to learn more about this. Keep in mind that a little help goes a long way and that there are certain services online that can help you along the way. After you have established the basic crypto trading facts, it is important to go over the BritishBitcoinProfit platform and find out what are the advantages that they have to offer.
Table of Contents
Becoming a Trader
If you wish to know how to become a crypto trader, you are probably a complete beginner in this field which is not a big problem. It may look scary, intimidating, and overwhelming at first. Well, it is, but it should not take long before you get the hang of everything. In the following sections we will discuss exactly what you need to do in order to be called a crypto trader.
1. A Safe Wallet
If you want to trade assets, you first have to have assets. And to be able to store them securely, you require the right place to do so. In the world of crypto trading, it is all about electronic wallets when holding onto your assets is concerned. The first thing to do is to find a reliable place where your crypto balance will be safe, no matter if it is bitcoin or something else. The wallet is also used to actually perform the transactions, not just to hold them. Whenever you are buying, selling, or trading crypto, you will need to use your wallet’s address (key) and password.
Obviously, you do not give your password to anyone, but you will have to share your key with the other person during the transaction. If your wallet is good, you are ready for the next steps and you can invest in your first batch of crypto. You need crypto to be able to trade for more crypto after all!
2. Loads of Experience and Knowledge
Lucky for all of the beginners out there, getting into crypto has been made quite easy in recent years because of its popularity and widespread interest. New platforms and services aim to educate new investors and therefore give them all they require to start off on the right foot. Despite this, if you want to trade and make a difference in your life, you will have to do a lot of research and expand your knowledge about all the different sides and aspects of the crypto world.
From current news and trends to the history dating back to the early days, the information you can have on your side is often the deciding factor in the moves you make as a trader. Study the market as much as you can and use what you know to gain experience during your initial steps. Eventually you will be doing much better than an average trader.
3. Decide Who You Want to Be
There are different types of traders in the crypto industry. Some trade for the currently valuable assets and hold them, others try to predict the future and trade for the up and coming cryptos that have just entered the scene. You can also specialize in just a single digital currency or spread your focus and expand to at least a few. It is important what type of trader you want to be, and it usually comes down to whether or not you plan to trade full-time or as a hobby.
What is more, you should think about the way you trade and when you do it. Day trading is the most popular variant right now because you get a chance to make some money each and every day. The alternative would be to wait for larger changes on the market and aim for a big score when the values drop or increase.
4. Leave Emotions Aside
The volatility of cryptos in terms of their sudden spikes and deep drops in value are infamous and you probably know all about them. The key to staying focused and never making bad business decisions is to keep your cool despite what happens to you in your trading. No matter if you score big or lose a lot, you have to keep your composure and not try to fix what just happened. Riding the emotions, both positive and negative, is always the easiest way of losing your footing and stumbling into decisions that were not thought out and planned.
When you let emotions dictate the flow of your thoughts, you will not be using what you know and trust as your mind will be clouded with the adrenaline of success or despair from the loss. Take a step back, clear your thoughts, and come back stronger than ever. Trading is a precise game where you need to calculate your every move. | <urn:uuid:8cf55af0-c5fe-40c4-9e72-576ee7726036> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://websta.me/become-crypto-trader/ | 2023-12-02T21:17:44Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100452.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20231202203800-20231202233800-00054.warc.gz | en | 0.966889 | 1,152 | [
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Rebecca Harding Davis
Author, pioneer in literary realism
— from Wheeling Hall of Fame (Inducted in 1984)
Rebecca Harding Davis was a pioneer in literary realism.
In 1861, when her story, "Life in the Iron Mills," was published anonymously in The Atlantic Monthly, few people in Wheeling could have imagined that this novella about human tragedy had been written by their 30-year-old spinster neighbor, Rebecca Harding.
Born in Washington, Pa., in 1831, she had lived in Wheeling from the age of five. Her English-born father, Richard, was an insurance executive and also city treasurer for 14 years.
As a teen-ager, she attended Washington Female Seminary, where she was graduated valedictorian in 1848. There was nothing in her upbringing to suggest she would be able to picture so vividly the grim life of immigrant industrial workers and their harsh working conditions.
However, she was obviously influenced by the change in Wheeling from an idyllic Virginia village to a smoke-filled milltown.
The Civil War created an even more dramatic change in Wheeling and in subsequent work, no longer anonymous, she told of the "general wretchedness, the squalid misery, which entered into every individual life." She described the savagery of war and her talent drew the admiration of the New England writers Emerson, Holmes, Alcott and her favorite, Nathaniel Hawthorne — all of whom she met while traveling with her brother to Boston.
She also caught the attention of Philadelphia lawyer L. Clarke Davis. They struck up a correspondence, soon met and were engaged. They were married in St. Matthew's Episcopal Church in Wheeling during a March snowstorm in '63 and took up residence in Philadelphia.
Rebecca Harding Davis wrote "Waiting for the Verdict," which laid bare social hypocrisy and racism. Her novel, John Anderson published in 1874, was based on political corruption. Ever in the vanguard for human rights, she authored "Put Out of the Way," exposing mental institutions, and she and her husband helped reform Pennsylvania laws regarding treatment of the insane.
She became a contributor to Harper's and Scribner's and an associate editor of the New York Tribune. In the last decade of her life, she wrote children's stories, reflecting her continued concern with moral uplift.
She gave birth to three children, and one of them Richard Harding Davis, became the most celebrated journalist of his era. On his mother's seventieth birthday, he wrote in tribute, "From the day you struck the first blow for labor in 'The Iron Mills,' on to the editorials . . . with all the good the novels, the stories brought to people, you were always making the ways straighter, lifting up people, making them happier and better. No woman ever did better for her time than you and no shrieking suffragette will ever understand the influence you wielded, greater than hundreds of thousands of women's votes."
After her husband's death in 1904, she spent much of her time at Richard's estate at Mt. Kisco, N. Y. She died on September 29, 1910.
➤ View Rebecca Harding Davis books available to check out from the Library
➤ View books about Rebecca Harding Davis available to check out from the Library
➤ Download Life in the Iron Mills through WVDeli with your OCPL library card
➤ Download Life in the Iron Mills through Hoopla with your OCPL library card
General William Wirt Colby: a story by Rebecca Hardy Davis
Adventures in Archives: The Harding House
A History Mystery related to this Real Photo Postcard showing Arion Hall at 20th and Main during the 1906 Saengerfest was solved.
When he saw the image, Jeremy Morris, Director of the Wheeling National Heritage Area Corporation (WNHAC), remembered that Dan Bonenberger, Associate Professor in the Historic Preservation Program at Eastern Michigan University was looking for such a rare period view of 20th Street (then known as Webster) looking east. Why? Because Professor Bonenberger and his class are doing research on noted Wheeling author Rebecca Harding Davis and her family, and the Harding Family once lived on 20th Street, between Arion Hall and Second Presbyterian Church. In fact, the Harding house, two up from Arion Hall, marked here with an arrow, is visible in the image.
Photographs of the Harding house are extremely difficult to find, and professor Bonenberger was very happy to see this RPPC.
In this instance, Archiving Wheeling worked just how we hoped it would when we wrote the mission statement: it helped an educator and a group of researchers to find material that will prove helpful to their research – material that they might otherwise have never seen.
We at Archiving Wheeling couldn’t be happier with the response to our German Days post. We look forward to continuing to solve history mysteries with all of your help and continuing to virtually connect Wheeling’s archival collections with researchers. | <urn:uuid:649058c0-ac7d-4ab4-ae21-bdd711ea7ea2> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.ohiocountylibrary.org/history/rebecca-harding-davis/4889 | 2023-12-02T20:48:03Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100452.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20231202203800-20231202233800-00054.warc.gz | en | 0.977126 | 1,040 | [
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Argentinian winemakers have always loved heights, but now – as the latest IWSC results show – their wines are very much in the mainstream. By Adam Lechmere
The ultimate malbec trophy at the IWSC this year goes to the Viniterra Single Vineyard Malbec 2015, from vineyards 1000m above sea level in Mendoza, Argentina.
The judges described it as “packed with ripe raspberry and wild berries, well held by firm structure and fine grained tannins…warm, dry and elegant… with some way to go to yield its full potential.”
The vineyards are in Lujan de Cuyo in the foothills of the Andes, a region with a dry, desert-like climate and poor alluvial soils. This is perfect winegrowing country, where stressed vines produce small quantities of thick-skinned, intensely-flavoured berries.
Fruit flavours develop slowly during the long, hot days, and – crucially – the cold nights allow grapes to retain their acidity. The resulting wines are fresh, clean, with bright fruit and piercing acidity.
Winemakers in South America have long recognised the value of altitude. In the last few years, as the wine-drinking world’s appetite for freshness has increased, the popularity of these regions has increased.
Argentina’s Uco Valley is one of the country’s prime wine regions. Wild and remote, it sits between 1000m and 1500m and is home to some of the country’s finest wineries – names like Catena, Zuccardi, O Fournier, Achaval Ferrer, Trapiche and Finca Sophenia.
There were over 40 entries from the Uco Valley in this year’s International Wine & Spirit Competition, 20 of which won silver medals, three Silver Outstanding and one gold.
The gold medal is the Viñalba Reservado de la Familia Malbec 2016 from Bodegas Fabre, which delighted the judges with its “bright lifted fruity nose, mulberry, sugarplum and bramble fruits” and “sumptuous” texture.
That was only one of many top award winners from the higher altitudes. Silver Outstanding medals went to a Cabernet Sauvignon from Uco Valley, the Ad Astra 2015 (“expansive…luxuriant…velvety finesse”), as well as a series of wines from Lujan de Cuyo, including a malbec blend from Cheval des Andes.
This is the joint venture between Château Cheval Blanc in St Emilion, and Terrazas de los Andes in Mendoza, which are both owned by the luxury empire LVMH. Due to its aristocratic parentage, Cheval des Andes has always been described as a “new world grand cru”.
Other important high-altitude winners from Argentina are the gold-winning Fincas Notables Tannat 2015 by El Esteco, from grapes grown at 1,800m in the Calchaqui Valley; and Finca Las Moras from the San Juan Valley, 1,350m high. | <urn:uuid:52d05eda-978f-4e43-a97b-8bcaf82864b9> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://worldoffoodanddrink.worldtravelguide.net/argentinian-winemakers-reaching-sky/ | 2023-12-03T23:32:25Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100518.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203225036-20231204015036-00854.warc.gz | en | 0.939591 | 681 | [
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Minorities criticise proposed legal reforms that Sri Lanka’s president says aim to heal divisions.
How exactly will a new plan to rule all Sri Lankan communities under one law effectively represent everyone, while also trying to help heal divisions within society?
The decision to appoint a Buddhist monk to oversee these sweeping reforms is stoking controversy.
Presenter: Hashem Ahelbarra
Bhavani Fonseka – Senior researcher, Centre for Policy Alternatives and a human rights lawyer
Shreen Abdul Saroor – Co-founder, Women’s Action Network and women’s rights activist
Thamil Venthan Ananthavinayagan – Lecturer in international human rights law, University of Nottingham and an international human rights lawyer | <urn:uuid:58f9f25f-5f51-4c36-8d84-4b300799f7e3> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.aljazeera.com/program/inside-story/2021/10/27/sri-lanka-one-country-one-law?traffic_source=KeepReading | 2023-12-04T01:27:31Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100518.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203225036-20231204015036-00854.warc.gz | en | 0.912935 | 154 | [
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(i) a student that has been domiciled inside the Montana for just one year immediately before registration at any equipment for name otherwise session wherein citizen class is alleged. Attendance since the the full-date college student any kind of time college or university, school, or any other institution of degree is not alone adequate to qualify for quarters from inside the Montana.
(ii) people scholar out-of a good Montana senior school that is a citizen or citizen alien of your own All of us and you will whoever parents, mother or father, otherwise protector features resided inside the Montana at the least 1 complete seasons of the 2 yrs instantaneously preceding this new student’s graduation from large college. The classification continues to possess not more than 4 academic age if the the fresh scholar remains when you look at the continuing attendance during the a great equipment; otherwise
(iii) a member sexy Jackson, MN cute girls of the fresh new armed forces of your own United states tasked so you’re able to and you can remaining in Montana, the latest member’s partner, or the member’s situated youngsters.
(2) In the event that the definition of residency or any section of the meaning are announced unconstitutional as it is applied to fee out-of nonresident charge and you will university fees, the fresh new regents of the Montana university program may make regulations for the what comprises adequate proof of house status perhaps not contradictory with the individuals legal choices.»
» 22-2-306 . (1) An offer might not be provided unless the brand new grantee accepts the Montana arts council’s conditions of your own give and cues a contract stipulating those people conditions.
A manager is not permitted apply individuals less than so it program if your company methods discrimination for the work up against anyone due to battle, creed, faith, color, governmental details, sex, just like the outlined into the 1-1-201 , many years, relationship reputation, actual otherwise rational disability, ancestry, or national supply
(a) the grantee is the official and you will just service with the government of enterprise described throughout the give contract; and you can
(b) nobody have a tendency to, due to competition, color, national source, sex, while the defined during the 1-1-201 , or many years, be excluded from involvement within the, getting declined the benefits of, or even be exposed to discrimination below people system or passion you to results from new expense regarding offer fund.
(3) The fresh new grantee need certainly to agree totally that the money granted could well be expended entirely with the aim and points described from the acknowledged offer. The finance supplied into grantee must be invested or encumbered inside offer period.
Good grantee could possibly get, which have consent of one’s Montana arts council, modify range items in a medication budget in a cost perhaps not so you can meet or exceed 20% of complete grant prize
(4) Disbursements so you can grantees have to be below, reliant the bucks disperse need of your projects and revenue available:
(a) Programs which might be to receive more than $ten,0ount perhaps not exceeding 25% of your give honor in the 1st six months of one’s biennium, 50% in the first seasons of your own biennium, 75% in the 1st eighteen months of your biennium, and the balance throughout the rest of the biennium. In restrictions within this subsection, the amount of for each and every percentage have to be dependent on this new Montana arts council within its discretion. For every commission ination of the costs obtain regarding opportunity and you will the total amount, or no, of unencumbered or unexpended equilibrium of earlier give repayments getting your panels.
(b) Plans that are to receive $ten,000 otherwise smaller can get have the total give in virtually any financial quarter when your Montana arts council identifies your social and you can visual venture account have financing available which, shortly after a study of the expenses sustained because of the investment, complete commission is appropriate.
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In this paper I provide empirical support from Classical Greek for span–conditioned allomorphy, a late linearization process, and the (very) late phonological resolution of reduplicants. In most of the active voice paradigm of Classical Greek, perfect aspect has reflexes in three places simultaneously within a given inflected verb. These perfect forms display a reduplicative prefix, a suffix (-κ, -/k/) and/or a special form of the verb root, and a dedicated set of φ-feature inflections. For example:
|‘I have released’|
Each of these three morphemes brings its own challenges for determining its surface form. In part due to these complexities, each of these pieces also tells us something about the post–syntactic order of operations.
These data might at first seem to constitute what Caballero & Harris (2012) term distributed exponence, in which “no single morphological marker can truly be said to realize a feature or category; the feature is, rather, realized by a combination of morphemes” (Caballero & Harris 2012: 170). This is an extreme version of the phenomena encompassed by the terms extended exponence or multiple exponence (Matthews 1972; Carstairs-McCarthy 1987; Anderson 2001; Ackerman & Stump 2004; Müller 2007; Baerman & Corbett 2012; Caballero & Harris 2012; Harris 2017), in which two or more exponents seem to be expressing the same morphosyntactic feature or property within the same word.
This type of redundancy presents challenges for many theories of morphosyntax, including the framework in which the present analysis is pursued, Distributed Morphology (Halle & Marantz 1993). Multiple exponence could in theory result from a complex instantiation of a single syntactico–semantic head that is somehow realized in multiple places on the surface, something Distributed Morphology is not well–equipped to handle. Here, however, I conclude that what might seem to be multiple instantiations of an Aspect head in Classical Greek are in fact signals of three separate heads: Voice, Aspect, and AGR. The realizations of AGR and Voice in perfect forms are conditioned by a span including the Aspect[perfect] node, leading to a distinct three–part output unique to the perfect aspect. Thus I will gloss perfect forms as follows (repeating 1b here as 2):
|‘I have released’|
I gloss the suffixes -/k/ and -∅ as ACT.PRF and the “equivalent” stem allomorphy as .ACT.PRF since (as I discuss in Section 3) they are conditioned by a span including active voice and perfect aspect; I use this as a shorthand for the entire conditioning span.
Below I argue that the reduplicative prefix alone in fact instantiates Aspect[perfect] (Section 2); that the -/k/ suffix is an allomorph of Voice[active] outwardly conditioned by the span ⟨Aspect, Tense⟩ and that stem allomorphy that occurs in place of or in addition to -/k/ in some roots is conditioned by the span ⟨Voice, Aspect, Tense⟩ (Section 3); and that the allomorphs of AGR are inwardly sensitive to the span of ⟨Voice, Aspect, Tense, Mood⟩ (Section 4). In addition to providing empirical support for the existence of both inwardly– and outwardly– sensitive span–conditioned allomorphy, what makes the Greek perfect data particularly interesting is the surface order of the pertinent elements. This order makes it clear that hierarchical adjacency, rather than surface order, is conditioning the insertion of Vocabulary Items, and thus that linearization must not occur until after Vocabulary Insertion is complete. The data also support Deal’s (2016) contention that the phonology of a reduplicant is not determined until after both Vocabulary Insertion and linearization. In the next subsection I briefly present some background on Classical Attic Greek.
1.1 The synthetic perfect in Classical Greek
The data in this article are drawn from the Greek of the Classical period (~800–300 BCE), in Attica. Under consideration is the “synthetic perfect”; that is, the inflected form(s) taken by a verb that expresses perfect meaning. These forms contrast with the periphrastic constructions used with some verbs in the present perfect, and with most verbs in the future perfect active and past middle–passive.2
Much previous work on the Classical Greek perfect focuses on its meanings (e.g., Wackernagel 1904; Chantraine 1927; McKay 1965; 1980; 1981; 1992; Rijksbaron 1984; Ringe 1984; Sicking & Stork 1996; Gerö & von Stechow 2003; Haug 2004) or on cataloguing forms (e.g., Smyth 1920 and countless pedagogical works; more recently, e.g., Groton 2000). Authors note resultative (Wackernagel 1904; Chantraine 1927; McKay 1980; 1981; Gerö & von Stechow 2003) or “resultant state” (Haug 2004) uses; Gerö & von Stechow (2003) also claim instances of experiential and universal perfects. Some verbs (generally statives) also show an “intensive” perfect (giving what Rijksbaron 1984: 38 calls the “highest degree of that state”), though this use is more common in pre–Classical Greek. I adopt Haug’s (2004) position that the “abnormal” uses of the perfect (such as the intensive) are derivable semantically in the same way as the typical uses; furthermore, I will assume that there is, at least for a given time period, a unitary perfect semantics general enough to allow us to derive all the various readings. There is at least no variation in form that corresponds to the different shades of meaning.3
In the following sections I turn to each of the reflexes of perfect aspect in Classical Greek and the conclusions they lead us to about morphological structure and timing. In Section 2 I establish that the reduplicative prefix instantiates the Aspect node, examine the mechanics of the prefix, and modify an existing proposal by Zukoff (2017a; b) to formally account for the realizations that surface. In Section 3 I argue that the suffix -/k/ instantiates Voice in a case of outwardly sensitive span–conditioned allomorphy and reject several other possible analyses. In Section 4 I argue that the agreement marking that obtains in the perfect is the result of allomorphy in the AGR node in inwardly sensitive span–conditioned allomorphy. Section 5 is the conclusion.
2 Reduplication: Linearization and phonological determination
In this section I discuss the details of the reduplicative prefix in the Greek perfect and their implications for our understanding of morphosyntactic conditioning and linearization. I argue that this reduplication instantiates Aspect in the presence of the feature [perfect]. Its surface form(s) and position tell us two key things about the morphological order of operations: First, since it surfaces as a prefix but conditions the presence of other morphemes that end up as suffixes, the conditioning of those morphemes (Sections 3 and 4) cannot depend on the surface order of the exponents. Second, its surface form is dependent on the output phonology of the left side of the base, indicating that linearization must occur before the phonological computations take place, and that the reduplicant must have “access” to the base’s output phonology.
I first show that this reduplication is the phonological exponent of Aspect whenever [perfect] is present. Second, I review the main existing proposals for reduplication within Distributed Morphology. Then, adopting a piece–based approach to reduplication after Haugen (2008; 2011), I provide an explanation of how this phonological exponent comes to surface where it does, with the forms it surfaces with. Finally, I introduce and extend Zukoff’s (2017a; b) account of this interesting case of morphological fixed segmentism, and offer a proposal for how the phonology reads the Vocabulary Item in such a case, arguing against Zukoff’s treatment of the two parts of the reduplicant as “two morphemes”.
2.1 Aspect is instantiated by reduplication
As introduced above, perfect aspect is indicated in three distinct positions on the Classical Greek verb. I will argue that the -/k/ suffix and stem changes are instantiations of Voice[active] conditioned by a span including Aspect[perfect], and that the agreement suffixes instantiate AGR in a similar context. The reduplication on the left side of the verb, however, signals nothing in these forms other than perfect aspect. All perfect forms, regardless of tense, mood, voice, person, or number, show reduplication. In Table 1, the distinct4 perfect forms of παιδɛύω /paideuo:/ ‘I teach’ are listed, with the reduplicant emphasized.5
|Present perfect active indicative||pepaideuka|
|Past perfect active indicative||epepaideuke:|
|Perfect active subjunctive||pepaideuko:|
|Perfect active optative||pepaideukoimi|
|Perfect active imperative||pepaideuke|
|Perfect active infinitive||pepaideukenai|
|Future perfect active infinitive||pepaideusein|
|Present perfect middle/passive indicative||pepaideumai|
|Past perfect middle/passive indicative||epepaideume:n|
|Future middle/passive indicative||pepaideusomai|
|Perfect middle/passive imperative||pepaideuso|
|Perfect middle/passive infinitive||pepaideusthai|
|Future perfect middle/passive infinitive||pepaideusesthai|
|Perfect active participle||pepaideuko:s|
|Future perfect active participle||pepaideuso:n…|
|Perfect middle/passive participle||pepaideumenos…|
|Future perfect middle/passive participle||pepaideusomenos…|
Given that reduplication is always present in forms with perfect meaning, and that it is an indicator only of perfect meaning in those forms, I take it to be the primary signal of the perfect: It instantiates the Aspect node when the [perfect] feature is present. The basic patterns of perfect reduplication, predictable from the phonology of the root, are summarized and exemplified in Table 2 (after Smyth 1920, Groton 2000). The reduplicant is emphasized in the right–hand column. Full examples can be found in the Appendix. Note that part of the reduplicant is always the fixed segment /e/ (and in fact this is sometimes the entirety of the reduplicant).6
|If the root begins in…||ex.||Reduplicant is…||ex.|
|A single aspirated stop||thuo:||Corresponding plain stop + /e/||te-thuka|
|Stop + liquid or nasal||blepo:||That stop + /e/||be-blepha|
|“Double” C (e.g. ζ /zd/)7||zde:teo:||/e/||e-zde:teka|
|Any other C cluster||sphallo:||/e/||e-sphalka|
|/r/ or /hr/||hripto:||/e/ (and /r/ doubles)||e-rripha|
|Any other single C||luo:||That C + /e/||le-luka|
|A vowel||ethelo:||Lengthened form of that vowel8||e:-thele:ka|
In the next section I consider existing approaches to reduplication in Distributed Morphology, before adopting one in the following section.
2.2 Reduplication in Distributed Morphology
The challenge of reduplication for piece–based theories like Distributed Morphology is that the reduplicant gains its phonological identity in reference to the phonology of the base, rather than being associated with its own phonological piece (see e.g. Haugen 2008; 2011; Cook 2013). In Distributed Morphology terms, this means that instead of a Vocabulary Item with a phonological string and a context for insertion, we have a situation in which there is a context (e.g., the feature [perfect] on Aspect), but no invariant or even simply phonologically conditioned string to insert. The reduplicant must instead reference the output of any phonological processes that apply to the root.
As Haugen (2008; 2011) details, two types of proposals have been made regarding reduplication in Distributed Morphology:9 treating it as the result of a specialized Readjustment Rule, or as a special kind of affix. In what follows, I adopt the latter type of approach; first, though, I briefly summarize two major readjustment accounts and Haugen’s (2008; 2011) arguments against such analyses.
2.2.1 Reduplication as readjustment
The Distributed Morphology approaches to reduplication that do not treat it as an affix employ a specialized Readjustment Rule. The two recent major readjustment–based analyses of reduplication in DM,10 Raimy (2000) and Frampton (2009), both take reduplication to “result from a [phonological] readjustment operation on some stem triggered by a (typically null) affix” (Haugen 2011: 1). Raimy’s (2000) approach focuses on “precedence” in the representations of words: “A novel representation for reduplication arises from the clarification of precedence information in morpho-phonological representations, resulting in the possibility of loops…” (Raimy 2000: 1). These “loops” demarcate what of the representation gets repeated. The reduplication occurs when “reduplicative morphemes specify a vocabulary item that triggers a readjustment which creates a loop in the temporal structure of a previously spelled out vocabulary item” (Raimy 2000: 6–7). These (often phonologically null) reduplicative morphemes thus adjust the sequence of phonological “events” in a string, allowing for the repetition of segments.
Frampton’s Distributed Reduplication calls for a two–stage reduplication process: The morphology inserts a “transcription juncture” into a word’s timing tier; these transcription junctures are then “interpreted as instructions which trigger and guide the duplication and/or truncation of certain material” (Frampton 2009: 2). Frampton criticizes Raimy’s proposal: The adjustment Raimy undertakes to the timing tier, making it “nonlinear”, “makes it impossible to build syllable and prosodic structure” (Frampton 2009: 7). This means that Raimy’s account misses out on the important benefits brought by prosodic morphology. In addition, Haugen (2011) observes, Raimy’s theory yields incorrect predictions about durative reduplication in Tawala.
While Frampton’s account allows for the use of prosody in some places (feet can be targeted, as they are morphological as well as prosodic constituents (Frampton 2009: 78)), it faces other challenges. From a theoretical standpoint, Haugen (2010, 2011) calls out Distributed Reduplication for involving too many ad hoc pieces of machinery (and Haugen, in fact, shows that Frampton’s 2009 account cannot make sense of the Tawala data, either). The requirement that reduplicants be a separate kind of morpheme from bases is a problem for both Raimy (2000) and Frampton (2009), as well as for Inkelas & Zoll (2007). Haugen (2008; 2011) thus rejects the readjustment approach in favor of an affixal explanation.
2.2.2 Reduplication as affixation
Haugen’s (2008; 2011) proposal for reduplication follows Marantz (1982) and Travis (1999; 2001), as well as most Optimality Theoretic work (notably McCarthy & Prince 1993; 1995) in attributing reduplicative behavior to an affix rather than to a readjustment rule.
Marantz (1982) approaches reduplication in light of two major issues: one, the problem (noted by McCarthy 1979) of the inevitable overgeneration yielded by existing proposals for rules or notations for reduplication; and two, the “unusual interaction” (Marantz 1982: 435) between morphology and phonology common with reduplication (as discussed by Wilbur 1973). His proposal is to reduce reduplication to a “normal” instance of affixation – the only thing special is “the resemblance between the affix and the stem to which it is attached” (Marantz 1982: 436). Marantz claims that his approach removes the need for specialized ordering and conditions placed on morphological and phonological rules. The “simple procedure”, drawing on McCarthy’s (1979; 1981) approach to Arabic verbal paradigms, involves affixing a CV “skeleton” morpheme to a stem, copying “the entire phonemic melody of the stem” (Marantz 1982: 437), and then linking that melody to the skeleton.
Travis (1999) disagrees with Marantz’s (1982) position that reduplication is only minimally different from normal affixation. In addition to the obvious difference that reduplication “copies” phonological material from elsewhere, she cites data from Tagalog, for instance, which shows reduplication that appears in more than one location in different word forms, and sometimes allows speakers alternatives of where the reduplication appears (Travis 1999: 318). She also claims that there is often a link between form and function in reduplication, in that many instances of it across languages have quantificational meanings. She proposes the Form/Function Mapping Hypothesis: “The form of a (reduplicative) affix will mirror the function of a (reduplicative) affix” (Travis 1999: 323). That is, within a given language, within a particular extended projection, different reduplicative forms can yield different meanings. She actualizes this proposal with a RedP – a special phrasal level whose head is the location for insertion of the reduplicative affix.
Travis (2001) extends this approach. She opposes the trend since Marantz (1982) of treating the core of reduplication as being in the domain of phonology only, arguing instead that reduplication is invariably created by the syntax. She argues that what she calls “phonological reduplication” (the type we have been discussing here) results from head–to–head movement and feature checking of a head. She no longer assumes a special phrase dedicated to the reduplicative morpheme (RedP); instead, reduplication is the filling (by copying) of a position that is “independently available in the syntax” (Travis 2001: 11) – e.g. Number, in the nominal domain, or E(vent) in the verbal one. As Haugen (2008) notes, however, Travis’ (1999) Form/Function Mapping Hypothesis is contradicted by data from a number of languages, including Yaqui.
Haugen’s (2008; 2009; 2011) approach to reduplication as affixation will form the basis of my analysis of Classical Greek perfect reduplication here. Like Marantz (1982) and Travis (1999; 2001), he treats reduplication as affixation, rather than readjustment. His approach departs significantly from the process–based accounts of Raimy (2000) and Frampton (2009). However, he also makes a number of additions and adjustments to Marantz’s and Travis’ proposals. For instance: While reduplicative “morphemes” (Vocabulary Items) are inserted into the syntax like other affixes, they do have properties that distinguish them from “regular” affixes (notably, their interaction with prosody); reduplicants instantiate a functional head like any other affix, rather than a specialized “RedP”; and we must distinguish between a morphosyntactic target (“the morphosyntactic domain to which reduplication applies” Haugen 2008: 79) and a phonological base (“that morphophonological constituent from which the reduplicant copies to fill in its own phonological material” Haugen 2008: 79) for reduplication.
Haugen’s (2008; 2009; 2011) main claims of interest to us here are: (1) Reduplication is affixation; and (2) We must distinguish between morphosyntactic targets and phonological bases for reduplication. Haugen argues for these points primarily from Uto–Aztecan data. In my analysis below I adopt an affixation approach to reduplication and show that the Classical Greek data also support point (2).
2.3 Greek perfect reduplication is an affix whose phonology is determined very late
I follow Haugen’s (2008; 2009; 2011) proposal for reduplication in Distributed Morphology here. Under this type of approach, the surface form of a reduplicant obtains from a special kind of Vocabulary Item, RED, whose phonological output is derived in the phonology via correspondence with a base. First, the morphosyntactic structure is built in the narrow syntax and Morphological Structure via the application of syntactic operations including Merge, Copy, etc.; and morphological operations such as Impoverishment, Fission, Fusion, etc. Vocabulary Insertion and linearization take place after these morphological adjustments. With these operations and adjustments completed, the surface phonology can be determined via Correspondence Theoretic means in the phonology proper. The Vocabulary Items inserted in the morphosyntax are the inputs to the Optimality Theoretic tableaux; in very simple cases, a Vocabulary Item directly provides the phonological information that will end up surfacing. In the case of reduplication, the phonological processes involved will adjust the phonological value of the Vocabulary Item accordingly. This allows morphology to interact with syntax through structure–building (via typical Distributed Morphology mechanisms), and to interact with phonology through what we might call output–building (typical Correspondence Theory mechanisms).11
In the Greek data, we see that RED surfaces as a prefix whose phonology is dependent on the phonology of the left side of the verb. It must therefore be the case that RED is in place linearly before the phonology undertakes its operations. In this way, the data support Deal’s (2016) contention that the actual phonological instantiation of a reduplicant must be extremely late – after Vocabulary Insertion and linearization.
As mentioned in Section 1.1, I assume a core invariant perfect semantics to be present in the Classical Greek perfects, from which the less canonical meanings can be derived semantically. Since the meaning conveyed is that of perfect aspect, I assume RED to instantiate the head of a grammatical/outer AspectP. I take there to be a single morphosyntactic feature involved in the expression of perfect aspect, which I will call [perfect]. The Vocabulary Item for perfect is seen in (3):
|(3)||Vocabulary Items competing for insertion into Aspect (partial)|
|[perfect] ↔ RED|
This Vocabulary Item will compete for insertion into the Aspect terminal node.12 The perfect contrasts with the aorist in both finite and non–finite verb forms,13 often realized with the suffix -σ -/s/ (and different suffixes for agreement); and with the imperfective, which has no overt phonological realization. For example:
|‘I was teaching’|
|‘I had taught’|
We arrive at the following list of Vocabulary Items that compete for insertion into Aspect:
|(5)||Vocabulary Items competing for insertion into Aspect|
After the syntax, at Vocabulary Insertion, RED will win the competition and be inserted in an Aspect terminal node specified for [perfect]. This brings us to a point where the abstract morpheme RED is in the correct position hierarchically, as in (6) (abstracting away from the particular root and features of other heads):
|(6)||Preliminary structure with feature and Vocabulary Item for a perfect form|
Noyer (1992/1997) takes Vocabulary Items to be lexically specified with a special feature marking them as prefixes or suffixes, but his account is not concerned with the details of whether or how this feature is interpreted by linearization. Let us specify the RED Vocabulary Item as a prefix:
|(7)||[perfect] ↔ RED-|
The order of Vocabulary Insertion and the eventual linear order of affixes is not related, as Halle (1997: 135) acknowledges. Vocabulary Insertion itself presumably proceeds “inside–out” (Bobaljik 2000; Embick 2010), that is, hierarchically up the tree.
If linearization happens at Vocabulary Insertion (Embick & Noyer’s 2001 Late Linearization Hypothesis) or after, and can “read” the information about whether each Vocabulary Item is specified as a prefix or suffix, then the Vocabulary Items can end up in the correct place without any special dislocation mechanism having to be posited. (Sections 3 and 4 provide further insight into the process of Vocabulary Insertion.) The partial linearized form can be seen in (8) (I employ Embick & Noyer’s 2001 notation a * b “to denote a requirement that a must linearly precede b and be adjacent to b” p. 562):
|(8)||[RED- * [√] * …]|
With the reduplicant linearized as a prefix to the root, it is in a position for its surface form to be correctly determined by the phonology.
2.4 The phonology of RED
The realizations of the reduplicant that surface in Greek perfect aspect depend on the form of the first one or two segments of the surface form of the verb, and always include the fixed segment /e/. Both of these facts present challenges. For reference, I repeat Table 2 here as Table 3.
|If the root begins in…||ex.||Reduplicant is…||ex.|
|A single aspirated stop||thuo:||Corresponding plain stop + /e/||te-thuka|
|Stop + liquid or nasal||blepo:||That stop + /e/||be-blepha|
|“Double” C (e.g. ζ /zd/)||zde:teo:||/e/||e-zde:teka|
|Any other C cluster||sphallo:||/e/||e-sphalka|
|/r/ or /hr/||hripto:||/e/ (and /r/ doubles)||e-rripha|
|Any other single C||luo:||That C + /e/||le-luka|
|A vowel||ethelo:||Lengthened form of that vowel||e:-thele:ka|
Roots with initial stop–sonorant clusters copy the stop and add /e/; other C–initial roots add /e/; and regular V–initial roots lengthen the V.14 In this section I first consider what the Greek data tell us about the question of the target/base for reduplication, and then pursue an adjustment to Zukoff’s (2017a) account.
2.4.1 Bases and targets for reduplication
The overarching issue here is the “base” and its relationship with the reduplicant. First, it is necessary to distinguish the morphosyntactic target from the phonological base, as Haugen (2008; 2009; 2011) does. The morphosyntactic target of perfect reduplication I assume with Haugen (2008) and Travis (2001) (among others) to be the morphosyntactic sister of the reduplicant. But consider the verb in (9):
|‘I rule over’|
|‘I have ruled over’|
The perfect of the compound verb is the same as that of the base verb κρατέω /krateo:/ ‘I rule’ (10) but with /epi/- prefixed to the reduplicated form.
|‘I have ruled’|
If the morphosyntactic target of reduplication were the root with the prefix already attached, we would expect a perfect form of *ἠπικρατηκα /e:pikrate:ka/. This tells us that either the prefix is merged at the very end of the derivation (which would render mysterious the semantic scope of perfect over the meaning of the compound verb), or there is some kind of dislocation of the prefix in the morphology – after Aspect is fixed hierarchically outside the root but before the phonological computation of RED-.
Evidence that the target is what we might call the “root” form and not, say, the present stem, comes from the behavior of verbs whose present active indicative form have an infixed nasal. For instance, the verb μανθάνω /manthano:/ ‘I learn’ is built on the root μαθ- /math/ (Liddell & Scott 1889: 486); its perfect form is μɛμάθηκα /memathe:ka/, not *μɛμάνθηκα /memanthe:ka/, as would be expected if the present stem was the target.
Then, the (phonological) base for reduplication must be determined. This topic is the subject of Haugen’s (2009) work. He notes that McCarthy & Prince’s (1986) prosody–driven account improved upon Marantz’s (1982) theory in recognizing that reduplicative bases needed to be able to be limited to only part of the stem (for cases like Yidiny, where the base must be limited to the first foot of the stem) and also cites Yaqui as showing “syllable copy” reduplication, which is more easily dealt with in such a theory (Haugen 2009: 506). However, he notes, most theories of reduplication (including McCarthy & Prince 1993) at least implicitly assume that the entire stem is the base for reduplication, and that no other demarcation of a more limited base is allowed.
But this type of approach, Haugen (2009) argues, does not easily account for cases like the double reduplication in Mainland Comox discussed by Urbanczyk (2000). Haugen concludes that what is needed to account for the empirical data in a “theoretically appealing way” (Haugen 2009: 512) is something like Shaw’s (2005) Constituent Base Hypothesis, which allows both morphological and prosodic constituents to be bases for reduplication. He leaves for future work the task of finding “other cases of delimited bases,” to test the predictions of the Hypothesis. Classical Greek is just such a case, as is made clear in Zukoff’s (2017a; b) Correspondence Theoretic analysis, discussed in Section 2.4.2.
In the type of account pursued here, once the reduplicant is in place in the syntax, it is “passed off” to the phonology proper. I agree with Haugen (2011) that to account for prosodic morphology like reduplication, we need more than just “Black Box Phonology” – in which the morphological component deals only extremely locally, and does not take heed of generalizations about phonological surface forms.15 Haugen argues, and I concur, that we need to be able to reference precisely these phonological outputs in order to make sense of reduplication data. Specifically, as Haugen (2011: 10) notes, at least some cases of reduplication require what Inkelas & Zoll (2007) refer to as “base–dependence”:
Base–dependence arises when the determination of the phonological form of one copy in a reduplication construction (i.e. the “reduplicant”) is dependent upon some aspect, morphological or phonological (prosodic), of the output form of the other copy in the construction (i.e. the reduplicant’s “base”) (cf. Inkelas and Zoll 2007: 92–7). (Haugen 2011: 10)
This kind of dependence is ruled out, for instance, by Inkelas & Zoll’s (2007) Morphological Doubling Theory. Haugen & Hicks Kennard (2011), however, argue that base dependence is required to account for data in a number of languages. It is clear that the Classical Greek data also require a morphological theory that allows “access” to the phonology, and not just an explanation (like Inkelas & Zoll’s) based on semantic identity. Haugen (2008; 2009; 2011) accomplishes this via blending of Distributed Morphology with Correspondence Theory (McCarthy & Prince 1995), which employs ranked faithfulness and markedness constraints, as in standard Optimality Theory. The key for the current analysis is that RED is a Vocabulary Item that instantiates Aspect; the Correspondence Theoretic mechanics of how the phonological output of RED is calculated are addressed thoroughly by Zukoff (2017a; b). I summarize his approach in 2.4.2, but the interested reader can refer to his work for further details.
The idea we have so far is that the instantiation of an Aspect head bearing the feature [perfect] in Greek is RED; this reduplicative “morpheme” will be the input to the phonology. Zukoff (2017a; b) provides a detailed Correspondence Theoretic account (within McCarthy & Prince’s 1995 Base–Reduplicant Correspondence Theory) of the set of interacting constraints at play in this phonological calculation. His account improves on previous analyses of Greek reduplication (e.g. Steriade 1982; 1988; Fleischhacker 2005; Halle 2008) in that it is able to explain all the patterns seen in perfect reduplication,16 and also helps explain facts from the verbs that show reduplication in the present.
His basic account we can adopt fairly straightforwardly; however, the successful interaction of his constraints demands that the phonology actually be accessing two morphemes, RED and the fixed segment /e/. He notes (following Alderete et al. 1999) that there are two options for dealing with situations in which a fixed segment figures into reduplication: Either the segment is a copy of a vowel from the base that has been reduced (a “phonological analysis”), or the segment is a separate morpheme (a “morphological analysis”). Zukoff shows that a phonological analysis leads to a ranking paradox for the constraints he proposes.17
Here I first summarize Zukoff’s approach to the reduplication, then make a proposal about the interaction between the output of the morphosyntactic component(s) and the phonological component to account for the phonology’s need to treat RED and /e/ as two pieces.
First, the key constraints involved in Zukoff’s (2017b) analysis are as follows:
ONSET (Prince & Smolensky 1993/2004): helps motivate the realization of the reduplicative copy (incurs a violation if /e/ surfaces without a preceding C)
REDUP(RED) (based on Zuraw 2002): helps motivate the realization of the reduplicative copy (incurs a violation if RED is in the input but the output does not include Base and Reduplicant substrings)
MAX-BR (McCarthy & Prince 1995): motivates copying all segments of the base into the reduplicant
ANCHOR-L-BR (McCarthy & Prince 1995): ensures the C that appears in the output matches the root–initial consonant
ALIGN-/e/-L: A “size restrictor” constraint; outranking MAX-BR helps maintain a minimal reduplicant (incurs a violation for “for every segment that intervenes between the left edge of the exponent of the fixed segment affix /e/ and left edge of the prosodic word” (Zukoff 2017b: 41)). Ensures that the reduplicant does not end up as a full copy of the base
*CLUSTER (*CC): advocates against the copying of the whole consonant cluster when outranking Align-/e/-L. This ensures that we end up with just the stop of stop–sonorant clusters copied in the output
NO POORLY-CUED REPETITIONS (*PCR) (≈*CαVCα/__C[–son]): an “antirepetition” constraint; incurs a violation if matching consonants in the structure CVC precede an obstruent. This is to keep consonant copying from occurring in clusters that are not stop–sonorant clusters
These constraints operate together on RED to ensure that the morpheme is realized overtly; that it copies segments of the base but not the entire base; that the segments that get realized are from the left side of the root; and that clusters are treated differently depending on their make–up.
This brings us to the potential ranking paradox. Given input like kton-, which yields __-e-kton- rather than k-e-kton- (since /kt/ is not a stop-sonorant cluster), the antirepetition constraint *PCR must outrank ONSET and REDUP(RED). Since we do not see kt-e-kton-, *PCR must outrank *CC. But why not just copy the second C, yielding t-e-kton-? This output does not incur ONSET or REDUP(RED) violations, while __-e-kton- does. The fact that __-e-kton- wins over t-e-kton- indicates that the violation of ANCHOR-L-BR incurred by t-e-kton- is fatal. It must be the case that no such violation is incurred with the candidate __-e-kton-. On a phonological analysis of the fixed segment /e/ (i.e., if RED and /e/ are part of the same unit), __-e-kton- would violate ANCHOR (“since its leftmost reduplicant segment ([e]) would be in correspondence with a segment not at the left edge of the base (i.e., the root vowel)” (Zukoff 2017a: 468). Since this form does not incur an ANCHOR violation (again, it must not, since it wins out over the otherwise less marked t-e-kton-), it must be the case that the phonology is treating the /e/ in question as a separate piece, able to be operated on by separate constraints.
Thus, Zukoff argues that RED and /e/ must enter the phonological computations as “separate morphemes”. By this he presumably means that they must in some way be separate units, available for individual application of constraints, etc., when they undergo phonological operations. However, Zukoff gives no hint as to what being “separate morphemes” might mean for RED and /e/. I find his decision to treat them as separate morphemes flawed in several ways.
First, there is no morphosyntactic or semantic evidence that RED and /e/ are separate entities in the syntax, the morphology, or the interpretive component. Zukoff himself notes, “as with schm-reduplication and similar cases, it is unclear if these two morphs have distinct functions” (Zukoff 2017b: 40 fn 11). I showed above that reduplication appears across perfect forms. There is also evidence for /e/ in all the forms of reduplication. Although it may change on the surface due to rules of coalescence in the perfects that involve vowel–lengthening (see e.g. Zukoff 2017a, Section 2.2; 2017b, Section 2.2.2), its presence is detectable in copying environments (CeC(Cson)V…), non–copying environments (eCC-sonV), vowel–initial environments (lengthening of V), and Attic Reduplication environments (lengthening of root–internal initial V). Zukoff treats all these forms as containing /e/. The fate of the two “pieces” (the output of the computations on RED and the output of the computations on /e/) is entirely in the hands of the phonology – they are not distinct in the morphology or the syntax.
Consider that C + /e/ is a case of morphological fixed segmentism. Alderete, et al. (1999) characterize this phenomenon as a case of an “overwriting” affix. Considering schm- reduplication in English and s- reduplication in Kamrupi, they state that “unlike conventional prefixes, šm- and s- overlap with or “overwrite” the reduplicant, so their presence interferes with reduplicative copying” (p. 355). This is not what is happening in Greek. The segment /e/ does not interfere with copying the C part of the reduplicant, when that occurs. What seems to be happening is that the phonology is targeting RED as separate from /e/, despite their being a single entity in the eyes of the morphology. In short, the phonology needs to be able to treat them as separate pieces, even though they are part of the same unit in terms of morphosyntactic structure and meaning.
This can be accomplished if the phonological instantiation of an Aspect node specified for [perfect] has the shape RED/e/-.18
In the data at hand, the realization of the reduplicant appears as a copy of particular segments, plus /e/. This additional segment does not overwrite part of the base, as happens in schm- reduplication; it simply exists alongside the (imperfect) copy of the base.
The phonology in a Vocabulary Item is essentially a set of instructions for the phonological component to follow. In a case where the instantiation is (for example) /da/, the phonology’s instructions are roughly “undertake language–relevant operations (including the application of relevant constraints) on the segments /d/ and /a/, together in that order.” The Vocabulary Item RED/e/- would be similarly read by the phonology as “undertake language–relevant operations on RED and /e/, together in that order.” Of course, RED is not a unique segment; but, its language–relevant operations could include a second layer of instructions, such as “make a copy of the base and undertake language–relevant operations on the segments of that copy.” Treating this Vocabulary Item as made of two phonological elements allows the phonology to treat one morphosyntactic unit as two pieces phonologically.
In this section I have argued that Aspect, in the presence of the feature [perfect], is instantiated by RED/e/-. This is a special Vocabulary Item whose context for insertion is typical, but whose phonological instantiation is atypical – it is not determined until after Vocabulary Insertion and linearization, and includes a fixed segment. The fact that RED/e/- is dependent on the phonology of the left side of the root points to the necessity of very late (post–linearization) phonological resolution of the reduplicant, and to the need for it to be able to “access” the phonology of the base. In addition, these data point to an approach to morphological fixed segmentism in reduplication that treats the invariant segment as phonologically separate from the copying part of the Vocabulary Item. In the next section I address the second reflex of [perfect], the consonantal suffix.
3 The suffix -/k/ and stem allomorphy
In this section I discuss additional reflexes of perfect aspect in active voice verbs, which have implications for our understanding of span–conditioned allomorphy and linearization. I argue that the suffix -/k/ instantiates Voice[active] in the context of a span in which two other heads (Aspect and Tense) are implicated. Perfects with this suffixation are traditionally called “first perfects”. The stem allomorphy that alternates with -/k/ depending on the phonology of the root is outwardly dependent on a span of three heads (Voice, Aspect, and Tense). Perfects that show this stem allomorphy are traditionally called “second perfects”. Furthermore, the choice between the Voice allomorphs -/k/ and -∅ depends on the phonological content of the (right side of the) root, indicating that the root Vocabulary Item must already be spelled out when the Voice[active] Vocabulary Item is chosen. However, the choice of the correct allomorph also depends on the ability of Vocabulary Insertion to access hierarchical, rather than linear, information, about hierarchically higher elements. These facts together indicate that Vocabulary Insertion must proceed cyclically, and that linearization must occur after Vocabulary Insertion is complete. I consider each of these points in turn. In Section 3.1 I consider the -/k/ suffixing (“first”) perfects; in 3.2 I examine the stem allomorphy in “second perfects”; in 3.3 I present (and subsequently reject) alternative analyses; and in 3.4 I discuss the implications of these Vocabulary Items for linearization.
3.1 Suffixed -/k/ instantiates the [active] Voice head in “first perfects”
In the previous section I argued that the prefix RED/e/- instantiates an Aspect node carrying the [perfect] feature. As mentioned, many perfect forms also show a reflex of perfect aspect on the right side of the root. In the active voice, in all tenses, aspects, and moods other than future infinitives and future participles, perfects display a suffix -/k/ or stem allomorphy, depending on the phonology of the root. Verb roots ending in vowels, dentals, liquids, and nasals (traditionally “first perfects”) suffix -/k/; those ending in labials and velars (traditionally “second perfects”) instead have a special stem form.19 A prototypical example of a verb with a “first” perfect is λῡ́ω /luo:/, ‘I loose/release/destroy’, as seen in (11). The first person present active indicative is in (11a), the corresponding present perfect is in (11b), and the corresponding past perfect is in (11c).
|‘I have released’|
|‘I had released’|
A typical example of verb with a “second perfect” is βλέπω /blepo:/ ‘I see’, as seen in (12).
|‘I have seen’|
|‘I had seen’|
|If the root ends in…||ex.||Change is…||ex.|
|“First perfects”||A vowel||agoreu-o:||Suffix /k/||e:goreu-k-a|
|A dental (or ζ /zd/)||peitho:||Drop dental, suffix /k/||pepei-k-a|
|A liquid or nasal||angello:||Suffix /k/||e:ngel-k-a|
|“Second perfects”||A labial20||blepo:
|Labial becomes φ /ph/||bebleph-a
|Velar becomes χ /kh/||e:kh-a
It is predictable whether a root will suffix -/k/ or not, based on the final segment in the root. Many roots that do not suffix -/k/ undergo predictable root changes (as seen in Table 4), but many other roots undergo unpredictable changes. These facts will help determine the content of the Vocabulary Items for -/k/ and the labial and velar roots.
We saw in the previous section that RED/e/- is present across perfect forms; I took it to be the instantiation of Aspect[perfect]. Perfect aspect is a necessary but not sufficient condition for the appearance of the -/k/ suffix/stem changes, however. Most notably, these right–side changes only occur in the active voice, as seen in (13) (using the same verbs from above as examples):
|‘I have released’|
|‘I have been released’|
|‘I have seen’|
|‘I have been seen’|
They do not appear in non-perfect aspects:
|‘I release/am releasing’|
And they appear across tenses and moods with the exception of future infinitives (15a) and future participles (15b):
|‘to be going to have released’|
|‘being going to have released’|
Thus, the appearance of -/k/ or stem allomorphy is dependent upon not a single feature in a single head, as RED/e/- was, but on a combination of the featural content of Voice, Aspect, and Tense. Given that -/k/ appears only in the active voice and appears in a position after the verb root and before mood and agreement endings, we might imagine it is instantiating Voice, Aspect, or Tense.
We can rule out tense distributionally. We saw (as in 11c) that -/k/ co–occurs with the past tense prefix /e/-. Then, in the indicative, most verbs form their future perfects periphrastically; however, there are two verbs that form their future perfect indicatives synthetically, and these show -/k/ + future -/s/, as expected if /k/ instantiates a head inside Tense.23 This can be seen with the verb ἵστημι /histe:mi/ ‘stand’ in (16):
|‘I have stood’|
|‘I will have stood’|
We have already established that RED/e/- instantiates Aspect when [perfect] is present. If -/k/ and stem allomorphy were direct results of Aspect[perfect] as well, a second exponent would need to be involved that somehow managed to get expressed simultaneously with, and on the other side of the root from, RED/e/-. A simpler explanation is that these changes are the result of an allomorph of Voice[active] that is conditioned by the presence of [perfect] on Aspect, among other things. This is the analysis I pursue here; I briefly explore and ultimately reject the other possibility in Section 3.3. The structure (without Vocabulary Items) we have so far is as follows:
|(17)||Structure with features for a perfect active form|
Now we must determine the Vocabulary Items in competition for insertion into the Voice[active] head. First, -/k/ must be in competition with a Vocabulary Item with a null phonological exponent, as active voice is unmarked in situations other than the ones under consideration:
|(18)||Vocabulary Items competing for insertion into Voice (partial)|
|[active] ↔ ∅|
Then, above we saw that -/k/ occurs only in perfect aspect, does not appear in future infinitives or future participles, and does not appear after labials or velars; that is, the appearance of -/k/ in Voice is dependent upon both its outward–looking morphosyntactic environment and its inward–looking phonological environment. Importantly, the appearance of -/k/ is conditioned by the content not of a single head, but of two heads taken together: Aspect and Tense. These data thus provide empirical evidence for the existence of outwardly–sensitive span–conditioned allomorphy, supporting Merchant’s (2015) Span Adjacency Hypothesis: Allomorphy is conditioned by structurally adjacent spans24 of terminal nodes, all of whose members are implicated in the conditioning. The span in question is ⟨Aspect, Tense⟩, as only certain combinations of features across these two heads permit -/k/ to appear. Thus the Vocabulary Item for -/k/ must include the following:
|↔/-k/ /[-labial, -velar] __ Aspect[perfect]25 Tense[-finite, -future]|
|↔/-k/ /[-labial, -velar] __ Aspect[perfect] Tense[+finite]|
|↔ -∅ elsewhere|
For a past perfect with -/k/, then, our structure with Vocabulary Items would be as follows:
|(20)||Structure with features and Vocabulary Items for a past perfect with -/k/|
This allows us to account for the “first perfects”, which suffix -/k/, and we can now turn to the stem–adjusting “second perfects”. We will return to the implications of these Vocabulary Items for linearization in Section 3.4.
3.2 Conditioning the stem allomorphy in “second perfects”
Recall that in the cases that meet the morphological criteria for inserting -/k/ but not the phonological ones, stem allomorphy occurs. Merchant (2015) is concerned with similar stem allomorphy in Modern Greek, and a similar proposal is applicable here. Recall that roots ending in labials and velars instead tend to show consonant mutation (and some also show root–internal vowel changes), as seen in (21) (repeated from 12):
|‘I have seen’|
These changes appear in exactly the same morphosyntactic environments that -/k/ does (active voice, perfect aspect, not in future infinitives or future participles). Rather than instantiating the Voice head, though, these are roots; their insertion thus depends on a span that includes Voice[active] (⟨Voice, Aspect, Tense⟩). Below are the relevant rules for a sampling of roots:26
|↔ /bleph/ / Voice[active] Aspect[perfect] Tense[-finite, -future]|
|↔ /bleph/ / Voice[active] Aspect[perfect] Tense[+finite]|
|↔ /blep/ / elsewhere|
|↔ /dio:kh/ / (as above)|
|↔ /dio:k/ / elsewhere|
Some roots ending in liquids and nasals add an /e:/ to the stem as well as taking the -/k/ suffix. For example, μένω /meno:/ ‘I lead’ becomes μɛμένηκα /memene:ka/ ‘I have led’:
|(24)||√LEAD||↔ /mene:/ / (as above)|
|↔ /men/ / elsewhere|
This does not present a problem for our rule in (19), as -/k/ is inserted after vowels – stems with allomorphs ending in /e:/ will still suffix -/k/, as expected. Roots ending in dentals drop the dental before suffixing -/k/; they will also both have a stem allomorph and be subject to the rule in (19). Still other, more irregular, stems show other types of changes; for example, λɛίπω /leipo:/ ‘I leave’ becomes λέλοιπα /leloipa/ ‘I have left’, undergoing stem–internal vowel changes without a stem–final labial consonant change.
|(25)||√LEAVE||↔ /loip/ / (as above)|
|↔ /leip/ / elsewhere|
In (26) I give the structure (with Vocabulary Items) for /eleloip…/ ‘…had left’, parallel to the structure for the -/k/ suffixing verb given in (16):
|(26)||Structure with features and Vocabulary Items for a past perfect without -/k/|
A span–based analysis allows us to easily account for the active voice perfect data in Greek. In the next section I briefly explore several alternative approaches and show why these accounts are dispreferable to the above analysis.
3.3 Alternative analyses
Clearly, suffixation of -/k/ or the analogous stem allomorphy is conditioned by perfect aspect in some way. One possibility would be that -/k/ somehow also instantiates Aspect along with RED/e/-, and only in the presence of a (hierarchically lower) active Voice head. Since there are two phonological pieces, presumably these would represent two distinct Vocabulary Items, both with the same context for insertion into the Aspect node (namely, [perfect]) – a situation that is not remediable using the usual tools of Distributed Morphology. The Subset Principle cannot decide between these Vocabulary Items, and we wouldn’t want it to, as both appear in the output. Although the Vocabulary Item for -/k/ would require the presence of active voice in its context somehow, it cannot simply be an active voice allomorph of the perfect, as RED/e/- appears in the active voice as well. Even given a solution to the first problem, we would end up with two Vocabulary Items that appear on either side of the verb root.
Schreiner & Schildmier Stone (2016) face a seemingly similar problem in the mood marking of Cherokee. They argue that the so–called “future” markers ta- and -i together constitute a single, two–part affix (essentially a circumfix), instantiating the head of a ModalP specified for the feature [Circumstantial]. The analysis they adopt involves Müller’s (2007) rule of Enrichment, intended as a counterpart of Impoverishment (Halle 1997). Müller proposes Enrichment as a morphological process that doubles an existing feature after syntactic operations are complete but before Vocabulary Insertion begins. Schreiner & Schildmier Stone propose that in Cherokee, a language–specific rule of Enrichment operates on a Modal head specified for [Circumstantial], doubling the feature. This yields a situation in which there are two [Circumstantial] features when Vocabulary Insertion begins. This triggers Fission (Noyer 1992/1997) of the Modal position of exponence, yielding two nodes specified for the same feature. Both Vocabulary Items specified for [Circumstantial] can then be inserted.
A similar approach could be taken with Classical Greek, with Enrichment doubling the feature [perfect] and Fission dividing the Aspect node. The next question is how the two Vocabulary Items end up on either side of the verb root (Schreiner & Schildmier Stone do not make a detailed proposal). Assuming linearization happens late (as in Embick & Noyer’s 2001 proposal), and the Vocabulary Items are lexically specified as prefixes or suffixes (Noyer 1992/1997), linearization would be responsible for establishing the linear order between Aspect and the root (say, after the root, given that aorist aspect marking follows the root, but this is not important). While the order of Vocabulary Insertion of the two affixes is presumably random, linearization could perhaps also establish the ordering of the two halves of Aspect with respect to each other, based on their respective affixal statuses. However, to arrive at the surface order, another operation would have to be in play to relocate the reduplicative prefix to a position before the root, for instance, Embick & Noyer’s (2001) Local Dislocation.
While this solution is arguably workable, it presents a number of disadvantages when compared to the Voice–based analysis pursued in the previous section.27 It requires a dedicated (and perhaps overly powerful) mechanism, Enrichment, which is not otherwise widely justified; application of Fission in a non–canonical environment; and a further mechanism to get the affixes in the correct linear order.
Another way of addressing the bipartite nature of the perfect forms would be to attribute both the stem allomorphy and affixation of -/k/ to stem listing, in the spirit of e.g. Bermúdez-Otero (2013) and Haugen (2016).28 Under this type of analysis, the [perfect] feature would be instantiated directly only once (by RED/e/-), as I have proposed, but the changes on the right side would not involve a separate Vocabulary Item. Instead, roots would undergo what amounts to contextual allomorphy in the context of the features [perfect], [active], etc. This type of analysis does not require a dedicated mechanism like Enrichment, and eliminates the need to undertake Fission in an unexpected environment, as we would be required to do under the Enrichment analysis. Local Dislocation is also avoided with a stem–listing approach, since there is no second “half” of the Fissioned Aspect head to be relocated: There is only one Vocabulary Item involved outside the root.
Despite these advantages, a completely29 stem–listing approach falls short when compared to the analysis I argued for above. In this type of approach, the -/k/ suffix as well as the stem allomorphy would be the result of stem listing, relegating the frequent appearance of -/k/ in perfects to the status of accidental homophony. This obscures the fact that -/k/ appears across so many forms, and that its appearance vs. the presence of stem allomorphy is phonologically predictable. The Voice–based analysis allows us to account for these regularities while avoiding the pitfalls of the Enrichment–based approach.
Finally, Christopoulos & Petrosino (2017) suggest an analysis for Modern Greek root allomorphy that employs rebracketing (Radkevich 2010, similar in function to Fusion) to join two contiguous nodes – here, Voice and Aspect – to allow for realization by a single Vocabulary Item. In the Classical Greek perfect, however, we do not see fusion between Voice and Aspect; in the passive, for instance, we see forms like /le-lu-metha/ – perfect reduplication, root, and then fusion of Voice, Mood, and AGR. In the active, fusion is frequently present between Mood and AGR. Neither of these facts affects the conditioning of the Vocabulary Items for Aspect (or Voice) that I call for here. Given that we are dealing with many forms that show separate exponents for Tense, Aspect, Mood, and Voice (by assumption that -/k/ is Voice), I do not pursue an overall Fusion (or rebracketing) approach here. An analysis of the middle or passive voice systems would require more Fusion in some forms; for instance, the aorist aspect does not appear with a separate exponent outside the active voice. I leave this pursuit for future work.
3.4 Implications for linearization
Finally, the Greek perfect provides an interesting testing ground for determining the order of operations for Vocabulary Insertion and linearization. Recall the Vocabulary Items competing for insertion into Voice[active] from (19), repeated here as (27):
|(27)||Vocabulary Items competing for insertion into Voice[active]:|
|↔ /-k/ /[-labial, -velar] __ Aspect[perfect] Tense[-finite, -future]|
|↔ /-k/ /[-labial, -velar] __ Aspect[perfect] Tense[+finite]|
|↔ -∅ elsewhere|
The contexts for insertion of -/k/ over -∅ involve both the phonology of (the right side of) the root and the (hierarchically) adjacent morphosyntax. The need for Vocabulary Insertion to be able to “read” the surface–adjacent phonology might lead us to assume a pre–Vocabulary Insertion linearization process. Embick (2010), for example, argues from data with root–conditioned allomorphy that linearization must occur before Vocabulary Insertion, and Arregi & Nevins (2012) and Haugen & Siddiqi (2016) assume that Vocabulary Insertion operates on a linearized syntactic representation.
This would not be a problem for our data if the conditioning span ⟨Aspect, Tense⟩ were linearly adjacent to the Voice head. However, Aspect surfaces as a prefix (RED/e/-) and thus would not be linearly adjacent to Voice when Vocabulary Insertion began. Tense[past], too, surfaces as a prefix (/e/-). An approach under which the winning Vocabulary Items are determined based on surface (post–linearization) order of the morphemes would fail here. The choice of Vocabulary Item inserted in Voice[active] thus needs to depend instead on a hierarchically adjacent span. As Merchant (2015: 279–280) notes, linearization (by design) removes the information about the hierarchical structure built by the syntax. Given the data at hand, if linearization were to occur entirely before Vocabulary Insertion, the hierarchical information needed to determine the winning Vocabulary Items for Voice would be unavailable.
In order to allow for conditioning by both surface–adjacent phonology and hierarchically–adjacent morphosyntactic elements, Vocabulary Insertion must proceed cyclically, and linearization must occur after Vocabulary Insertion is complete. After the hierarchical arrangement of the heads is determined by the syntax, Vocabulary Insertion will proceed from the root outwards. The choice of Vocabulary Item for the root will in some cases, as with the roots discussed in this section, be sensitive to the span of heads ⟨Voice, Aspect, Tense⟩. Once the root Vocabulary Item is spelled out, Vocabulary Insertion can proceed for Voice. Since linearization has not yet removed the hierarchical information, Aspect and the rest of the heads in the span are available to condition the allomorphy in the presence of the feature [active]. When Vocabulary Insertion operates on Voice[active], it can take into account the phonology of the spelled–out Vocabulary Item inserted into the root (“inward sensitivity” to phonological features, as discussed by Embick 2012), as well as the morphosyntax of the hierarchically adjacent heads.
In this section I have been discussing the conditioning of -/k/ and stem allomorphy that appears in certain perfect active environments. Both the suffix and stem allomorphy are conditioned by the presence of spans of hierarchically, rather than linearly, adjacent heads. The data thus provide empirical evidence for the existence of outwardly–sensitive span–conditioned allomorphy. The presence of -/k/ also depends on the phonology of the right side of the root. These facts taken together indicate the need for cyclic Vocabulary Insertion and a post–Vocabulary Insertion process of linearization. In the next section I turn to the final location of perfect–specific marking in Classical Greek, the agreement suffixes.
4 Agreement marking and perfect aspect
We have now seen two places in which the Greek verb reflects perfect aspect – the reduplicative prefix RED/e/-, which I have argued instantiates Aspect[perfect] itself, and the suffix -/k/ and stem allomorphy, which I have argued are the instantiation of the active Voice head and the stem being conditioned by a span of hierarchically adjacent heads including Aspect[perfect]. In this section I discuss the third reflex of perfect aspect: perfect–specific agreement suffixes. As was the case with the head Voice[active], here again the realization of a set of features depends on the presence of features across several adjacent heads: Agreement suffixes are conditioned by the combination of Aspect, Tense, Voice, and Mood. In this case, however, the conditioning span is hierarchically inside the head in question, lending empirical support for inwardly–sensitive span–conditioned allomorphy. Again, the winning Vocabulary Items are determined by the presence of hierarchically but not necessarily linearly adjacent spans, pointing to a post–Vocabulary Insertion linearization process.
4.1 Conditioning the agreement suffixes
Person/number agreement suffixes in Greek resemble each other in large part across tenses and aspects for a given voice and mood. The general pattern for active and passive suffixes in the indicative mood (abstracting over tenses and aspects) is given in Table 5.
Table 6 shows the full agreement suffixes (including “theme vowels”) for the present (carrying imperfective semantics), present perfect, past perfect, and future perfect active indicative.
|PRS IPFV||PRS PRF||PST PRF||FUT PRF|
In (28–31) I give some representative examples from the 2nd person singular paradigms of /lu:o:/ and /blepo:/ (with /histe:mi/ for future perfect, as most verbs form their future perfect forms periphrastically):
|‘You have released’|
|‘You have seen’|
|‘You had released’|
|‘You had seen’|
|‘You will have stood’|
Note that the suffixes in the present and past perfects have their own distinctive vowel pattern.30 This might be unremarkable if the conditioning head were adjacent to AGR; however, Tense intervenes between Aspect[perfect] and AGR. An explanation is required for this conditioning across an intervening node. Pruning could possibly be at work in the conditioning of the Vocabulary Items in AGR in the present. Embick (2010: 54) proposes for a similar situation in Latin that Tense, when realized by -∅, can be pruned – essentially, removed from the tree for the purposes of computing adjacency and Vocabulary Insertion. The pruning of Tense makes Aspect and Agreement linearly adjacent (Embick uses the term concatenation, ⌢ ), allowing for Vocabulary Items marking agreement to refer to the content of Aspect in their contexts for insertion. Note that the agreement affixes for the future perfect (for the two verbs that form it synthetically) are identical to the present (simple) indicative forms – that is, there is no effect of perfect aspect on agreement in the future. This is consistent with a pruning approach: If Tense has a non–∅ exponent, as it does in the future, and therefore is not pruned, the aspectual feature cannot condition the appearance of the agreement suffixes.
That said, observe that the past perfect forms, like the future perfect forms, have an overt tense affix, and yet are conditioned by the presence of perfect aspect. Furthermore, Tense is not the only thing that affects the realization of the agreement suffixes in addition to Aspect: They also vary according to voice and mood. Table 7 gives a sampling of forms.
As was the case for the Voice[active] allomorphs, the realization of AGR depends again on the combination of the features across several heads – namely, Voice, Aspect, Tense, and Mood. Our Vocabulary Insertion rules must have spans that are similar to those we saw for -/k/. Some examples are given below:31
|↔ /-amen/ / Voice[+active] Aspect[perfect] Tense[present] Mood[indicative] __|
|↔ /-metha/ / Voice[-active] Aspect[perfect] Tense[present] Mood[indicative] __|
|↔ /-o:men//Voice[+active] Aspect[perfect] Tense[present] Mood[subjunctive] __|
In the case of -/k/ we saw outwardly–sensitive span–conditioned allomorphy; here we have inwardly–sensitive span–conditioned allomorphy. Note that, although I leave aside the details here, some of the realizations of these agreement suffixes are affected by the phonological content of the conditioning span, as is expected for inward (but not outward) sensitivity. For instance, in the perfect middle/passive indicative, second person plural -/sthe/ is realized as -/th/ when following a labial in the stem. For a past perfect active indicative, we have the following structure:
|(33)||Structure with features and Vocabulary Items for a past perfect 1st person plural|
4.2 Implications of AGR for linearization
As was the case for -/k/, the Greek agreement affixation data evidence the need for a post–Vocabulary Insertion linearization process. Recall that the Vocabulary Items competing for insertion into Voice are conditioned by Aspect[perfect], which is instantiated by the prefix RED/e/-; this tells us that the conditioning (during Vocabulary Insertion) must take place before linearization. In the same way, the suffixal Vocabulary Items competing for insertion into AGR are conditioned by the presence of Aspect[perfect], and in some cases Tense[past] (instantiated by the prefix /e/-). The conditioning of the instantiations of AGR by these heads again demonstrates the need for linearization to occur after Vocabulary Insertion is complete.
Now that we have all of the pieces in place, let us consider a derivation in its entirety. I will use /luo:/ ‘I release’ as an example. First, the feature bundles are selected and form the Numeration, and the structure is built from these bundles via a series of Merge operations (etc.), yielding (34):
|(34)||Structure with features for the first person plural past perfect active indicative of /luo:/ – /elelukemen/ ‘we had released’|
Vocabulary Insertion proceeds from the root outward, with hierarchical information conditioning the choice of several Vocabulary Items (including the form of the root in “second perfects”), resulting in (35). Vocabulary Insertion must proceed cyclically, as e.g. the choice of Vocabulary Item for Voice[active] depends on the root Vocabulary Item.
|(35)||Structure with features and Vocabulary Items for the first person plural past perfect active indicative of /luo:/ – /elelukemen/ ‘we had released’|
Only after Vocabulary Insertion is complete does linearization take place, yielding (36) (again employing Embick & Noyer’s 2001 notation a * b to denote linear precedence and adjacency):
|(36)||Output of linearization on ‘we had released’|
|[[e * [REDe- * [[lu] * -k]]] * -emen]|
Finally, the linearized string, with the reduplicative morpheme linearly adjacent to the root, undergoes phonological computations. Functionally, reduplication copies the first segment of /lu/ and adds /e/, yielding /le/-. The surface string results: [elelukemen].
The particular effects of the feature Aspect[perfect] on the Classical Greek verb allow us to arrive at key insights into the nature of Vocabulary Insertion and linearization. I have argued here that the reduplication on the left side of perfect verb forms is the only direct exponent of the Aspect head. The -/k/ suffix in active forms other than future participles and future infinitives is an allomorph of Voice[active] conditioned by the span ⟨Aspect, Tense⟩, and the stem allomorphy that occurs in the same context is conditioned by the span ⟨Voice, Aspect, Tense⟩ (both cases of outwardly sensitive span–conditioned allomorphy). The allomorphs of AGR are inwardly sensitive to the span ⟨Voice, Aspect, Tense, Mood⟩.
The phonological behavior of the reduplicant arises through post–syntactic and post–morphological calculations. Those calculations, modeled in Correspondence Theoretic terms by Zukoff (2017a; b), appear to operate on two separate phonological pieces, RED and the fixed segment /e/. I have contended that these pieces correlate with a single morphosyntactic unit, instantiated by a phonological piece of the shape RED/e/-, which is interpreted by the phonological component as two separate sets of “instructions” – “reduplicate (according to the output of appropriate constraint interactions)” and “pronounce /e/ (according to the output of appropriate constraint interactions)”.
Finally, the data together point to a linearization process that occurs very late, after Vocabulary Insertion is complete (but still before phonological computations are undertaken). Both Voice[active] and AGR are sensitive to spans of hierarchically adjacent nodes, rather than spans of surface–contiguous heads. This is apparent due to the unique combination of prefixes and suffixes that instantiate Voice, Aspect, Mood, Tense, and AGR in Classical Greek.
The Greek perfect data thus (a) support the existence of span–conditioned allomorphy and highlight its importance for our understanding of morphosyntactic conditioning; (b) call for an extremely late phonological resolution of reduplicants; and perhaps most significantly, (c) point towards the need for a post–Vocabulary Insertion linearization process. These data must be taken into account in any claims made about Vocabulary Insertion and linearization. Data from other languages would strengthen the conclusions drawn from Greek. It remains to be seen whether the ordering called for by the Greek perfect data is universal across languages, or whether there is evidence for parameterization when it comes to the timing of linearization.32
The Greek data should also be borne in mind for the purposes of cross–linguistic comparisons of extended or multiple exponence (as undertaken by, e.g., Caballero & Harris 2012; Harris 2017). While the account here will certainly not apply across the board in instances of extended exponence, the core of the analysis may be fruitfully applied in other cases.
The additional file for this article can be found as follows:
Additional examples of perfect reduplication and suffixation patterns. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/gjgl.1400.s1
ACT = active voice, AOR = aorist aspect, C = consonant, F = feminine gender, FUT = future tense, IND = indicative mood, INF = infinitive, IPFV = imperfective aspect, M = masculine gender, MP = middle–passive voice, NOM = nominative case, OPT = optative mood, PL = plural number, PRF = perfect aspect, PRS = present tense, PST = past tense, PSTPRF = past perfect, PTCP = participle, RED = reduplicative Vocabulary Item, SG = singular number, SUBJ = subjunctive mood, V = vowel
- Data are drawn from Groton (2000) and Smyth (1920). I assume a null present tense suffix in all present tense forms (excluded from examples for ease of exposition). [^]
- As in (i):
This periphrastic perfect (see e.g. Bentein 2012) employs an inflected participle and the tense–inflected auxiliary ‘be’. I do not address this form here, but the perfect participle in this construction generally shows the same patterns as the inflected verb. I present data from the “thematic” verbs (whose first person present active indicative forms end in -ω (/o:/)); at least parts of the analysis would also apply to the “athematic” verbs (analogous forms in -μι /mi/), as well. [^]
(i) πɛπαιδɛυκυῖα ἔσται pe~paideu-k-uia estai PRF~teach-ACT.PRF-PTCP.PRF.ACT.F.NOM.SG be.FUT.3SG ‘She will have taught’
- Though see McKay (1980: 24) for a discussion of this same point with respect to diachrony. [^]
- The future perfect active indicative, perfect middle/passive subjunctive, and perfect middle/passive optative are formed periphrastically with perfect participles and forms of the verb ɛἰμί /eimi/ ‘be’. [^]
- Note that not all instances of reduplication in Classical Greek signal perfect aspect. Some verbs, for example, also have reduplicated presents (see Zukoff 2017b for an account of this phenomenon) or reduplicated aorists (see Grestenberger 2015a). These forms have different personal endings and often have different stems/changes to the root. [^]
- Note that the realization of the tense head when it is specified for past is also /e/- (see the past tense examples in Table 1). This is presumably accidental homophony, as the two can co–occur in the same form (the past perfect) and the /e/ in perfect reduplication appears across tenses, not just in the past. [^]
- The pronunciation of the letter zeta is somewhat contested. Many sources argue for /zd/ (e.g., Allen 1968), while others have argued for /dz/ (e.g., Teodorsson 1979). Regardless, it is treated as a “double” consonant for perfect reduplication – that is, as a cluster (and not a stop–sonorant one). [^]
- That is, the reduplicant is a copy of the initial vowel; the two resulting vowels follow language–wide rules of coalescence. Exceptionally, α /a/ “lengthens” to η /e:/ instead of ᾱ /a:/. A small (phonologically unpredictable) set of vowel–initial roots instead display what is known as “Attic” reduplication, copying initial VC as well as lengthening the first vowel in the root. For example, the root /eleuth-/ has the perfect /ele:louth-/ (where we would expect /e:lelouth-/ otherwise). Zukoff (2017a; b) addresses Attic reduplication at length, concluding that it arose as a case of phonotactic repair in a previous stage of the language, such that at the stage of Greek considered here, indexation of particular lexemes was involved and apparent in the constraints. [^]
- As reduplication is not the main focus of the current article, I focus on the work that has been undertaken within Distributed Morphology. [^]
- There are a number of proposals from outside Distributed Morphology that treat reduplication as the morphological (e.g. Anderson 1992; Stoneham 1994) or phonological (e.g. Aronoff 1976) “readjustment” of a stem. [^]
- See Haugen (2011), Section 4 for an overview of this process. [^]
- This same Vocabulary Item will also apply in the case of periphrastic perfects; the difference between the finite form in synthetic perfects and the non–finite form in periphrastic ones will be a matter of the Vocabulary Items competing for insertion into other heads (Tense, Mood, Voice). Since the periphrastic perfects involve a form of the verb ɛἰμί /eimi/ ‘be’, the structure will necessarily include an additional VP. [^]
- In finite forms, aorist aspect is only ever realized in the past tense (marked with the “temporal augment” prefix ɛ- /e/-) – there is no present or future aorist form. However, there are aorist infinitives and participles, and they show the same -σ -/s/ suffix (etc. – not all verbs use this form). Thus I take -σ -/s/ to be the marker of aorist aspect, rather than the combination of ɛ- /e/- plus -σ -/s/ marking an aorist “tense” in finite forms, as it is often described in traditional grammars. [^]
- There is also the small set of verbs that display “Attic” reduplication: VC copying plus root–initial vowel lengthening, as introduced in fn 8. [^]
- Specifically, Haugen is critiquing the version of Distributed Morphology that Embick (2010) proposes, which locates such generalizations outside the grammar proper. [^]
- Including the otherwise mysterious Attic reduplication (see fn 8). [^]
- In addition, /e/ shows no signs (that I am aware of) of being a default vowel elsewhere in the language, and does not correspond to the characteristics for cross–linguistic defaults that Alderete, et al. discuss (arising from the place–markedness hierarchy of Prince & Smolensky 1993; Lombardi 1997). [^]
- Recall that a small group of roots displays Attic reduplication. Zukoff (2017a; b) argues that these roots require lexically indexed constraints in the phonology; this renders lexical specification in the Vocabulary Item unnecessary. [^]
- A few verbs have both a “first” and “second” perfect form. For example, πɛίθω /peitho:/ ‘I persuade’ has forms πέπɛικα /pepeika/ and πέποιθα /pepoitha/. In at least some cases, these two forms have different meanings; I assume these are synchronically different roots. [^]
- πτ /pt/ drops dental /t/ and then the root acts like a labial–final root. [^]
- Or orthographic ττ /tt/, which “hides” a stem–final κι /ki/, γι /gi/, or χι /khi/. [^]
- Note that this root in fact displays a different kind of change in the middle–passive voice. [^]
- Grestenberger (2015b) argues that future -/s/ instantiates a high modal head, Mod, above T. This would not affect the analysis presented here, as a null exponent in T would allow it to get pruned (Embick 2010; see Section 4.1) and the resulting span would still condition the appearance of -/k/. [^]
- After Svenonius’s (2012) definition, who was building upon Williams (2003), Abels & Muriungi (2008), and Taraldsen (2010). [^]
- I leave open the possibility that the participles themselves will require further specification in Aspect and/or Tense (see e.g. Embick 2000; Cowper 2005); the Vocabulary Items at hand only need to ensure that the nonfinite future forms are ruled out. [^]
- While many verbs show irregularities in this form, there are recognizable regularities in the stems ending in labials and velars, as noted in Table 4: A number of labial–ending stems change that labial to a [ph], and a number of velar–ending stems change that labial to a [kh]. Though I do not address it in detail here, these phonological regularities that apply to only small portion of the lexicon could be captured with Readjustment Rules (e.g., √ [-syllabic, +labial]# → [ph] / √blep, √…___ [perfect]; √ [-syllabic, +velar]# → [kh] / √dio:k, √…___ [perfect]), which are Distributed Morphology’s typical way of addressing such sub–regularities; or, from a more strictly phonological approach, with cophonologies, indexed constraints (see Inkelas & Zoll 2007 for a comparison of the two approaches), or floating features for, e.g., Tense and Aspect (for some related work on Modern Greek, see e.g. Markopoulos 2018). [^]
- This does not mean that multiple exponence is not the correct analysis of the data in Cherokee or other languages (see e.g. Harris 2017 for a number of languages that display clear cases of multiple exponence). [^]
- Thanks to an anonymous reviewer for this suggestion. [^]
- As an anonymous reviewer rightly points out, the analysis I pursue could be seen as containing elements of stem listing – the instances of conditioned allomorphy resulting in the Vocabulary Items in (22) and (23), for example, could be analyzed equally well as listed stems. The analysis I reject is one in which all stems are listed. [^]
- In some forms, particularly those in the optative mood, the instantiations of Mood and AGR are separate; in other forms, they are fused. In those forms in which two distinct pieces are not recognizable, I assume Fusion (or perhaps rebracketing, Radkevich 2010) takes place after the syntax and before Vocabulary Insertion to create one node out of two hierarchically adjacent ones. The feature(s) present in Mood are still available to condition the insertion of the correct Vocabulary Item into Aspect, and so forth. [^]
- Note that in moods outside the indicative, tense is generally not distinguished (e.g., there is no past or future subjunctive). In these cases, we may assume that the existing form is present tense (which always has a null instantiation) and that the other tenses are somehow semantically incompatible with the mood in question. However, there are some instances of futures outside the indicative – for instance, the future active optative – but there are no instances of pasts in these moods. This may be taken as further evidence for Grestenberger’s (2015a) proposal that future -/s/ actually instantiates a higher Modal head, above Tense (and below Mood). If this were the case, these forms would be specified for present tense like their non–future counterparts; the forward–looking meaning would be contributed by the future modal. [^]
- In addition to the works mentioned in Section 3.4, see e.g. Felice (2021) for an argument that Fusion must apply to linearized elements in Gã. [^]
Special thanks to Joy Reeber, Jeffrey Punske, Jason Merchant, Karlos Arregi, Heidi Harley, Will Bennett, Heather Newell, Dan Siddiqi, and the audiences at the Illinois Department of Linguistics Colloquium Series, the 5th Annual Midwest Greek Linguistics Workshop, and presentations at Georgetown University and the LSA for helpful discussion, as well as anonymous referees for their helpful comments. Earlier work on this topic was presented at the 2008 Western Conference on Linguistics and the 8th International Meeting on Greek Linguistics and published in the proceedings of those conferences (Reed 2008 and Reed 2014, respectively).
The author has no competing interests to declare.
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Zuraw, Kie. 2002. Aggressive reduplication. Phonology 19(3). 395–439. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1017/S095267570300441X | <urn:uuid:eae93a98-ba8f-437c-b32e-835b94eaa340> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.glossa-journal.org/article/id/5444/ | 2023-12-05T05:35:33Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100545.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20231205041842-20231205071842-00754.warc.gz | en | 0.853319 | 24,673 | [
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In this short video, Bob Iger, Chairman and CEO of The Walt Disney Company, discusses Disney’s New Streaming Services and the future of Digital Media and the unbundling of Cable TV content.
Bob Iger has something to say about how Disney is looking ahead at this inevitable future. Disney owns some (most?) of the most valuable entertainment content assets out there and from that perspective, Bob Iger’s comments are invaluable. Disney, which also includes ABC, ESPN, Pixar, and the new Star Wars and Marvel franchises, according to Bib Iger, is well-positioned for the general move towards cable unbundling. However, the major Pay-TV providers business current models around bundling, including Disney, are certainly being disrupted by OTT (digital over the top). As we all know, OTT has been touted as the Holy Grail for the future of TV and video.
Which would prefer? Pay for only the content you consume or overpay for content bundles that include programming that you don’t care about? Sounds like a no-brainer so why not cancel your cable subscription in favor of Netflix, Amazon (Prime) or Hulu? Perhaps ~$10 a month vs. ~$70 a month? According to Tech Crunch “In a simplistic generalization, unbundling would remove the subsidization of pay TV, banishing the requirement for every pay TV subscriber to bear the cost of content that only a portion of the subscriber base actually wants and consumes, e.g., sports content, typically the most expensive channels.”
Watch this short video to hear what Bob Iger has to say about unbundling contnet, the current and future state of the entertainment industry, and what Disney’s position is on all of the above.
“Bob Iger (Disney) Comments on the unbundling of Cable TV content)” is also available on 4thWEB’s Facebook Channel | <urn:uuid:8000bc1c-b908-4900-9df0-ff4f54296b31> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://4thweb.com/bob-iger-disney-unbundling-pay-tv-content/ | 2023-12-06T11:03:56Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100593.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20231206095331-20231206125331-00654.warc.gz | en | 0.931369 | 401 | [
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1. Visit Puerto Rico via City Island
Travel time: One hour by subway and bus from Grand Central.
Don Coquí has opened the latest outpost of its traditional Puerto Rican restaurant mini-chain amid the docked sailboats of City Island. Known as much for its outsize portions of fried-plantain mofongo as for the dancing and carousing that take place there (the Bronx location doesn’t have a cabaret license, so the booty-shaking isn’t technically sanctioned), the newest spot also has a transporting waterfront view. After a few colossal coconut mojitos, Eastchester Bay will start to look like the Caribbean. Don Coquí, 565 City Island Ave., the Bronx; 914-648-4848.
2. Eat a sandwich on the Hudson River
Travel time: One hour and 20 minutes by train from Grand Central, plus a ten-minute trolley ride.
This stately 19th-century country house, ten minutes from Cold Spring, was saved from demolition in 1955 and turned into a museum of Federal-style architecture. Now, instead of heading into town for lunch post-tour, you can buy picnic fare on the grounds. Choose from the sandwiches, salads, and cheeses (all from nearby Hudson Hil’s Café & Market), then pick one of the benches or patches of grass and gaze at the panoramic backdrop of the Hudson River and the Highlands. Boscobel House & Gardens, 1601 Rt. 9D, Garrison, N.Y.; 845-265-3638.
3. Country-line-dance at a mountain inn
Travel time: One hour by car.
The Bear Mountain Inn reopened last year following extensive renovations; now its famous line-dances are back as of this spring. Led by the versatile, patient teachers at Knights Line Dancing, a mixed crowd of local after-work revelers and retirees (who range in dance experience from beginner to expert) get down to show tunes, ’50s hits, hip-hop jams, and country classics. Held the third Friday of every month from 7 to 11 p.m. (for $10 per person), the sessions kick off with a half-hour lesson before the crowd is on its own. The Overlook Lodge at Bear Mountain Inn, 55 Hessian Dr., Highland Falls, N.Y.; 845-786-2731.
4. Eat homemade pasta in a farmhouse
Travel time: One hour by car.
In 2007, Richard Gere bought and refurbished the run-down Bedford Post Inn; now it has a celebrity chef, too. At the end of June, Michael White will open Campagna, a locally sourcing Italian restaurant with an outdoor terrace grill, with PJ Calapa of Ai Fiori as the executive chef. Expect housemade pasta puttanesca tossed with shrimp (at about $19 a dish, it’s a bargain compared with White’s Manhattan restaurants). If you want to linger, the hotel has eight rooms (from $395 a night). Campagna at the Bedford Post Inn, 954 Old Post Rd., Bedford, N.Y.; 914-234-6386.
5. Walk under a snow leopard
Travel time: One hour by train from Penn Station to Philadelphia, plus a 30-minute bus ride.
In a groundbreaking move for a U.S. zoo, earlier this month the Philadelphia Zoo created an overhead walkway for its big cats—Amur tigers, African lions, pumas, and snow leopards. The Big Cat Crossing, a 330-foot mesh passageway that rises from 11 to 16 feet above ground and crosses over the main pathway, lets visitors gaze skyward to see the grand felines strolling. (While zoo officials don’t anticipate bystanders’ being doused in big-cat urine, it’s not an impossibility.) Philadelphia Zoo, 3400 W. Girard Ave.; 215-243-5254.
6. Welcome the return of Fort Tilden
Travel time: One hour by ferry from Wall Street Landing; about two hours by subway and bus.
After closing for post-Sandy restoration last summer, the “Hipster Hamptons” has finally reopened. In addition to repairing the ocean-adjacent concrete path of Shore Road that was destroyed by Sandy, the National Park Service and a steady stream of volunteers cleared away debris on the shore and the interior running trails, and also cleaned up the rubble that had accumulated even before Sandy along the Battery Harris East and Battery Harris West trails. As for amenities, old favorites have returned. Trek to Maria’s Famous Breezy Hot Dog Food Truck, parked again at 5 Breezy Point Boulevard, or grab a burger at the Sugar Shack (reopened at 2 Roxbury Avenue). Fort Tilden Beach, Beach 169th St., the Rockaways; 718-318-4300.
7. See the glass house covered in fog
Travel time: One hour and 17 minutes by train from Grand Central.
To mark the 65th anniversary of Philip Johnson’s iconic Glass House, Japanese artist Fujiko Nakaya has created the “Veil,” a site-specific project that wraps the clear-walled structure in a dense mist, making it appear to vanish. The fog sculpture, Nakaya’s signature, is created by pumping fresh water at high pressure through 600 nozzles. Tours start at $30, and reservations are required. The Glass House, 199 Elm St., New Canaan, Conn.; 866-811-4111.
8. Paddleboard, then pig out
Travel time: Two and a half hours by car.
Take in Cape May’s picturesque waterways via the new Aqua Trails: a 90-minute, stand-up paddleboard excursion ($30 a person) through the inland wildlife- and bird-filled salt marshes. Get back on firmer ground at the Beach Shack, a ’70s-style hotel that’s debuting a Monday-night pig roast at its Rusty Nail restaurant (which kicks off June 30). Stay the night at one of the Beach Shack’s new rooms (from $119 a night). Aqua Trails at the Nature Center, 1600 Delaware Ave., Cape May, N.J.; 609-884-5600. The Beach Shack, 205 Beach Ave.; 877-742-2507.
9. Traverse the gunks
Travel time: Two hours by car.
Kerhonkson, a small hamlet in Ulster County, is where you’ll find access to the Shawangunk Mountains and the state’s newest hiking trail. The Mine Hole Trail, a 3.5-mile section within Minnewaska State Park Preserve, winds through the Gunks, gaining elevation (the walk is described as “moderately difficult”) and giving worth-the-climb views of the Catskill Mountains. 111 Foordemore Ave., Kerhonkson, N.Y.; nynjtc.org.
10. Suds up at a water park and, later, a brewery
Travel time: An hour and a half by car.
Long Island water park Splish Splash offers 96 acres of slides, rapids, floating pools, and, as of this year, the Battle of Mutiny Bay (admission is $41): Passengers in different ships follow a track and shoot “cannons” at each other and bystanders. Once you’ve dried off, it’s just a short drive to Riverhead’s Moustache Brewing Co., a new craft-beer-maker (open only on weekends) in a homespun space with banners and lights strung from the ceiling. Splish Splash Water Park, 2549 Splish Splash Dr., Calverton, N.Y.; 631-727-3600. Moustache Brewing Co., 400 Hallett Ave., Riverhead, N.Y.; 631-591-3250.
11. View art in an old school
Travel time: Two hours and 35 minutes by car.
Architect Antonio Jimenez Torrecillas has transformed the shuttered Martin Van Buren Elementary School into the School, a 30,000-square-foot space that’s a second home for the city’s Jack Shainman Gallery. It houses the gallery’s private collection (Carlos Vega, Hank Willis Thomas, and Carrie Mae Weems) as well as special exhibitions. On view this summer are new works by sculptor and performance artist Nick Cave, known for his body-camouflaging suits. Jack Shainman’s the School, 25 Broad St., Kinderhook, N.Y.; 212-645-1701; by appointment only.
12. Have some innocent (and maybe not-so-innocent) fun
Travel time: Two hours by car.
Wild Bill’s 45-acre Nostalgia Center in Middletown, Connecticut, boasts an oddities store (for sale: the jawbone of a 55-foot whale), a fun house, and a massive jack-in-the-box. And this summer, Bill has added the Pretzel Dark Ride: a vintage Staten Island Beachland Amusements ride. Enhance your visit by stopping by one of the medical-marijuana dispensaries now open in Connecticut (Arrow Alternative Care is just a 20-minute drive away), although you’ll need a state resident to fetch the goods. Wild Bill’s Nostalgia Center, 1003 Newfield St., Middletown, Conn.; 860-635-1226.
13. Eat pizza on the beach
Travel time: One hour by car.
Starting May 23, Jones Beach (in the midst of a $65 million post-Sandy restoration) will get its very own Smorgasburg satellite. The Brooklyn Flea founders have a roster of local menus on deck, like fried fish from Handsome Hank’s, Rubirosa pizza, and a raw bar from Brooklyn Oyster Party on weekends. Local craft beers—along with spiked Kelvin’s slushies—will be served from a painted shipping container just behind the boardwalk. Beachgoers can re–work up an appetite between meals, thanks to a mix of sand games like badminton, tetherball, and pétanque. Central Mall at Jones Beach; through June 16, open Friday to Sunday; June 16 to Labor Day, open seven days a week.
Illustration by Tim Lahan
Horse Bones and Buff Bods
Stars and creators of the film Fort Tilden, which recently made the festival rounds, on the real Fort Tilden:
“It feels so far from New York. It’s not at all a ‘curated’ experience. You don’t have the food stands or the bathrooms, and it feels sort of ethereal. Like this weird timeless community.” —Bridey Elliot, actress
“Naked people.” —Charlie Rogers, co-director and co-writer
“All the people wandering the paths trying to find the actual fort. Everyone thinks they know where to go, and it leads to a lot of funny arguments. I still haven’t found it myself.” —Sarah-Violet Bliss, co-director and co-writer
“Dead Horse Bay, right across from Fort Tilden. It’s a quiet inlet that has all these artifacts. You’ll find old horse bones and beautiful pieces of glass.”—Clare McNulty, actress | <urn:uuid:a664868e-49b6-40e9-b882-0a29f3390865> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://nymag.com/guides/summer/2014/day-trips/index1.html | 2023-12-06T10:40:46Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100593.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20231206095331-20231206125331-00654.warc.gz | en | 0.908158 | 2,445 | [
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Description of Pre-workout complex BSN N.O.-Xplode blackberry 1110 g can
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Amino acid Be First Beta Alanine Powder, unflavored, 200 gr.
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VPLab Ultra Women's tab., 180 pcs.
BodyHealth PerfectAmino (300 Ct) Easy To Swallow Tablets, Essential Amino Acids Supplement With BCAAs, Vegan Protein For Pre/Post Workout & Muscle Recovery With Lysine, Tryptophan, Leucine, Methionine
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BulkSupplements Micronized Creatine Monohydrate Powder - Unflavored, Pure, No Filler - 5G Per Serving, 200 Servings, 1Kg
Life Extension Black Cumin Seed Oil 500 Mg Softgels – Immune Support & Inflammation Management Supplement – Non-GMO, Gluten-Free - 60 Capsules | <urn:uuid:bf94cda9-2a98-448c-9958-2294c3a5733d> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://revain.org/reviews/pre-workout-complex-bsn-no-xplode-blackberry-1110-g-can-ncu-t | 2023-12-06T10:14:34Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100593.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20231206095331-20231206125331-00654.warc.gz | en | 0.687743 | 328 | [
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We're switching it up a little this week. Lots has been going on behind the scenes so it feels like a good time to share how things are going. Grab a drink and settle in for a #longread!
Firstly, some exciting news! Our all-new bath time cleansing brush has gone into production! Some of you might remember testing and giving feedback on the prototype, and the new version is looking ~seriously~ good. It's even got a shiny new name: the Pebbl 😇. We're now busy on the finishing touches, like packaging, as we expect to receive the first shipments by the end of next month.
Alongside this, we've been busy expanding out our health & hygiene range. The product design process has really helped crystallise what GRASP is about: helping kids learn the habits and skills for looking after their bodies rather than just doing it for them. If a product concept doesn't do this, it doesn't make it through the design process. Keep an eye on our Insta for a first peak of the concepts - it's been so much fun designing them in collaboration with some very talented artists 😉.
Finally, there's a couple of other product lines, outside of bath time, that we're working on and will be available on our website really soon. They're joy-giving, carefully produced, and most importantly, hands-on for kids!
Throughout all of this - design, production, strategy, colour schemes, you name it! - the input of our earliest supporters (YOU!) has been crucial. Your comments and feedback shape everything we do.
So as we get ready to launch, I'm turning to you once more. I would be so grateful if you could do ONE (or more!) of the following:
1) Share the blog with someone you think would like GRASP products and/or the SUDS. Cc in our email [email protected] so we know!
2) Email us at [email protected] with what you would like to see more or less of in the weekly SUDS. What do you find more useful - shopping tips or the GRASP blog? Tips about activities out or rainy day options at home? More reflections on parenting, or most listicles?
3) If you deal with children in any capacity - parent, uncle/aunty, nurse, teacher, playgroup leader, childminder, sports leader - or if you own a children-directed business, we would LOVE to feature you in our Village People series. Hit us up and we'll make it happen.
I can't stress enough how grateful we are for your help. Rest assured, if you do any of the things above, we will find a way to thank you!
That's all folks - back to regular SUDS next week! | <urn:uuid:dd8a9472-577d-430c-bb06-39c3fe5a80b1> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://grasp.london/blogs/the-suds/weekly-roundup-20-half-term-review | 2023-12-07T16:02:49Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100677.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20231207153748-20231207183748-00554.warc.gz | en | 0.959528 | 591 | [
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GET 10% OFF YOUR ORDER - DISCOUNT CODE "HOLIDAYS"
Give each member of your family a personalized stocking ornament this year to adorn the tree. Select from first name initials from A to Z. These stocking ornaments are absolutely adorable.
Dimensions: 2.25"H X 1.75"W
Each one is handmade by me and because of this fact, each one may vary slightly from the photo. They are a fused glass decoration made in the mountains of North Carolina.
Free shipping on orders over $50.00 anywhere in the Continental USA. | <urn:uuid:76cccaed-cb0c-4a10-9f82-4094df5d4495> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://oatkaglass.com/products/personalized-initial-stocking-ornament | 2023-12-07T17:37:45Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100677.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20231207153748-20231207183748-00554.warc.gz | en | 0.923199 | 123 | [
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“Overall, I feel like I have made great strides since since the time you have spent with my mom and in talking to me and my brother. Thanks you from the bottom of my heart. ” – EKW
“This book is a thoughtful and practical guide to helping your parents stay at home with family. It also reflects on your own aging process and preparing for successful aging. Thanks Margo!” – Dona M.
“Thank you Margo. With both mine and my husband’s parents turning 70 this year, this information is going to be invaluable.” – Bethany B.
The Keep Your Parents At Home mission is to provide important information that can help families work through the wide range of issues in helping adult parents to stay in their homes. We are also comm
itted to proving forums where our KYPH Family members can share their success stories and challenges. We’re thrilled by the opportunity to make a tangible difference in the lives of our senior-aged parents and their families. Here is a sample of the feedback we’ve received. Thank you! | <urn:uuid:fb745e16-7de8-4671-8710-8c8d9ba65f54> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.keepyourparentshome.com/keep-your-parents-at-home-testimonials/ | 2023-12-07T17:24:55Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100677.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20231207153748-20231207183748-00554.warc.gz | en | 0.969816 | 229 | [
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The aRacer SpeedTek RC Super 2 is a fully programmable, race ECU for the Yamaha FZ-07 / MT-07. Entirely replaces the stock ECU and is not simply a piggyback controller like Power Commander, Bazzaz, or Rapidbike. Eliminating any restrictions in, fuel maps, throttle maps, ignition timing maps, and many other features that are programmed into the bike's stock ECU when using the stock ECU and piggyback control system. The RC2 Super 2 plugs into the OEM connector in place of the stock ECU, with no splicing or adapters needed. All restrictions and limitations found with tuning the stock ECU and piggyback system are removed with it, and all engine parameters can be fully programmed using the RC2 Super to maximize the performance of the Yamaha FZ-07 / MT-07 engine using the aRacer SpeedTek tuning software, SpeedTuning Super 2.
Additional features can also be added and customized such as quick-shifter, wideband autotune, and data collection using additional sensors.
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bottom of page | <urn:uuid:fe9d77fe-07ec-4268-b144-467fff09fc98> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.robemengineering.com/product-page/fz-07-mt-07-rc-super-2-ecu | 2023-12-08T22:23:04Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100779.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208212357-20231209002357-00454.warc.gz | en | 0.874323 | 233 | [
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“World’s Best Donuts.” Family owned and operated since 1969, donuts have became the love and livelihood of our family. They give us joy. They fill us up when our taste buds need a treat. They help us celebrate special events. And, they allow our family to thrive in, and give back to, our small community. If you don’t like cake donuts, then you haven’t tried ours! Cake donuts are one of our nearly 30 donut recipes, and they’re the staple of our family business.
Our customers kindly say they are the “World’s Best.” Our Kabobs are a hit! Better than going to the State Fair, order our Donut Kabob, or, if you have a celebration that you need the perfect treat for, order our larger Celebration Kabob that even comes with a candle! | <urn:uuid:f8f6028c-3590-40cb-b66f-95ebea946257> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://donuts.enfohub.com/ | 2023-12-10T05:49:38Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101195.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210025335-20231210055335-00354.warc.gz | en | 0.938521 | 195 | [
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CLEVELAND – If you’ve been holding back buying or selling your home, now may be the best time to take action, and maybe even take a break.
As of May, home demand in Northeast Ohio has been higher than supply, but the market is changing faster than expected.
“In late spring it was just a complete frenzy. There was so little inventory that it all went into multiple bids and it wasn’t uncommon to have 10, 15, 20 bids for a property, ”said LoFaso Real Estate agent Jessica Chodaczek.
New listings rose 11% nationwide as many major cities saw double-digit gains, including Cleveland, according to a July property report by Realtor.com. The city was up more than 35%, while Columbus was nearly 43% behind. Still, Chodaczek says these new offers are moving quickly.
“Those who are still the quickest and easiest to sell at the highest prices are those who are ready to move in and well-cared for,” she said.
As the report shows, the volume has increased in the metropolitan area of Cleveland. and average prices have fallen overall, Chodaczek sees that most home prices will remain stable. If this trend continues, first-time buyers looking for smaller homes could take a break.
RELATED: Stop Writing “love letters” to sellers in today’s real estate market, says Ohio Realtors President | <urn:uuid:ded1aae6-bc08-45d8-8f2e-a578a7427eb0> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://ohiotimes.news/cleveland-homes-with-rising-supply-still-overwhelmingly-high-demand/?doing_wp_cron=1702186326.2143340110778808593750 | 2023-12-10T05:32:12Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101195.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210025335-20231210055335-00354.warc.gz | en | 0.970275 | 303 | [
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The Bolivia WhatsApp Number Data offered by Phone Number UAE empowers businesses to engage with a highly targeted audience. By utilizing this database, you gain access to contact details of potential customers, allowing you to design personalized marketing campaigns. Whether you are promoting a product, service, or special offer, reaching out to prospects directly via WhatsApp enables you to establish a more meaningful connection, increasing the likelihood of conversion.
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Trial Price: $300 | <urn:uuid:6067bc27-5d37-425a-a1d9-eae7ec29ec30> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://phonenumberuae.com/bolivia-whatsapp-number/ | 2023-12-10T04:53:34Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101195.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210025335-20231210055335-00354.warc.gz | en | 0.871855 | 414 | [
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Osho (Rajneesh) 1931 – 1990
The Highway Shaman Wisdom Reading
for July 6, 2020
Forty-three years ago today my son Alan Morton Allison was born. I’ll write a little about this event below. I included the photo of Osho today for several reasons. Indeed he was controversial and at the same time brilliant. He had true SIDDHIS or spiritual powers. His wonderful book Osho on Zen helped me in many ways to define my life. He helped me in SLOWING DOWN, and made it okay for me to meditate the way I do; “Walking is Zen. Sitting is Zen. Talking or silent, moving, unmoving, the essence is all ease.” My hope with these readings, today being the KING OF WATER, that I can gently and lovingly lead others away from fear and divisiveness and into harmonious collaboration.”
The Elements Tarot: SIDDHIS:
Spiritual powers. Miracles. Bringing spiritual light into physical manifestation. Magic.
REVERSED: Creative power of thoughts. Visualization, affirmation. Also the proper environment for thoughts to manifest: focus, desire, silence.
Osho Zen Tarot: Knight of Rainbows – SLOWING DOWN:
Meditation is a kind of medicine – its use is only for the time being. Once you have learned the quality, then you need not do any particular meditation, then the meditation has to spread all over your life. Walking is Zen. Sitting is Zen. Talking or silent, moving, unmoving, the essence is all ease. That is the keyword. The essence is at ease: that is the key statement. Do whatsoever you are doing, but at the deepest core remain at ease, cool, calm, centered.
“It is time when you are ready to let go of any expectations you have had about yourself or other people, and to take responsibility for any illusions you might have been carrying. There is no need to do anything but rest in the fullness of who you are right now. If desires and hopes and dreams are fading away, so much the better. Their disappearance is making space for a new quality of stillness and acceptance of what is, and you are able to welcome this development in a way you have never been able to before. Savor this quality of slowing down, of coming to rest and recognizing that you are already at home.”
The Good Tarot: KING OF WATER – Generous, diplomatic, fair, gentle, a good listener, nonjudgmental peacemaker, mediator.
“I honor and respect all beings, including myself, and see the commonalities we share and the Spirit that is in all of us. I listen to other voices and blend them with my own wisdom before settling on an opinion, making a decision or taking action.
I gently and lovingly lead others away from fear and divisiveness and into harmonious collaboration.”
Alan on Lake Union, Seattle, late summer 2019
In November of 1976 I lived with my soon to be wife Sara in Anchorage, Alaska. We were excited she was pregnant, and we wanted to find the right midwife for a home birth. Driving in the more run-down section of the city we saw a sign for a Naturopath doctor, so just stopped in. There we met Doris Williams, who aggreed to be our midwife in trade for stained glass windows. She had just recently opened her business. There were many things we came to learn about Doris in the year to come. She was a public health nurse for the state of Alaska, but not really. A pilot, she flew to Aleut and Eskimo villages in the far regions, as their Shaman Medicine Woman. I could write a small book of how she got to be this, but its a little off subject.
It was the afternoon of July 6, 1977 when Sara was about to give birth in our bed at home. Doris was there watching, crouched in the corner. She allowed it to be our experience, not hers. So I was able to deliver Alan. Sara’s late sister Nancy was also there observing. Doris did one thing – cleared Alan’s beathing passage and instructed me about cutting the cord. Alan was blessed by a special person, who turned out to be the most gifted Shaman Medicine Women I would ever meet. Sara was a wonderful mother to our two sons. Alan grew to be an amazing man.
I remained friends with Doris after Sara and I separated in the early 80’s. In 1986 I asked her to train me to be a Shaman. Many remarkable things happened for the next year, including the beginning of my career as a Shaman Mask Maker. She saw something in me that women rarely see, which took me most of my life to acknowledge, to see myself. That I AM That.
I am blessed after 43 years, that my best friends in life are still my son’s Alan and Aaron, and their mother Sara. | <urn:uuid:85f82867-cc19-4b82-88d8-0ea05cb3cc3b> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | http://highwayshaman.com/2020/07/06/shaman-wisdom-68/ | 2023-12-11T10:05:50Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679103810.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20231211080606-20231211110606-00254.warc.gz | en | 0.972955 | 1,047 | [
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After staying dry last week, this week we headed for one of those canyons where you ask yourself: "Should I carry my wetsuit?". You know there is going to be some water, and is going to be cold. I personally can handle wet cold arms and legs, but once it gets to my core and there is no warming up in a sunny spot, I want my wetsuit.
Canyons change from season to season. Some a little, some allot. So, we headed to this canyon to check just how is going to look for the 2016 season.
We decided to suit up right at the entrance, and as it turns, we were glad we did.
Sling was missing, so we rigged one.
Wet suit or not? That chest deep pool at the bottom said: "Yes"
Wet suit or not? Breaking ice in the pools.
Wet suit or not? First full swimmer.
Wet suit or not? By this time, we were plenty cold, even with wet suits.
Wet suit or not? The face tells it all....already whoa! cold!
This bolt went missing. In 2015, there was a bolt here.
This is a May 2015 photo. The missing bolt was used for a small rap, or a handline.
This one gave us a chance to do some little problem solving.
We skipped the change to dry clothes and hurried out to a sunny spot. | <urn:uuid:f8d4d573-5964-462f-872f-c03fb15601aa> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://adolfoisassi.zenfolio.com/blog/2016/1/staying-wet | 2023-12-11T09:30:11Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679103810.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20231211080606-20231211110606-00254.warc.gz | en | 0.966309 | 306 | [
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Microneedling with Flirt Brows & Beauty Studios!
Improve Your Skin with Microneedling
Over time your skin can go through many changes and be negatively impacted by age or environmental factors. Uneven skin tone, wrinkles, stretch marks, and sun spots can distract from your natural features or significantly age you. Acne can lead to scarring, giving skin an uneven texture that is difficult to cover up.
Technological advancements and a deeper understanding of the skin’s natural healing process has led to the development of microneedling. A non-surgical and minimally-invasive option for skin resurfacing, microneedling begins the body’s natural healing process to fill in scars and reduce other signs of aging through collagen and elastin production.
Who is microneedling good for?
Some factors leading to skin aging are hereditary, but others are due to environmental factors like stress, poor diet, pollution, excess amounts of sun exposure, and more. Additionally, with age your skin can begin to lose volume, creating wrinkles and making acne scars more visible. Microneedling is ideal for anyone who is experiencing a reduction in collagen production and are noticing negative signs of aging.
Benefits of Microneedling
Microneedling is also a natural alternative to some injectable fillers or other treatments for skin irregularities. The procedure engages your body’s healing process to smooth out your skin without the need for other substances or fillers. The needles used in microneedling devices are tiny and only come in contact with the first few layers of skin. You will likely experience little to no discomfort during the procedure, and the healing process is quick and easy.
Why microneedling over other treatments?
Besides the short recovery time and minimal discomfort, microneedling has other advantages. The simple procedure can be used to treat a wide variety of skin irregularities that, in some cases, can take multiple treatments to alleviate. For example, fillers can improve the appearance of scars or wrinkles but cannot treat discolorations like sun spots on the surface of the skin. Some forms of skin resurfacing can cause discoloration in people of color. This is not a problem with microneedling, which can be used on virtually any skin tone or texture.
More About Microneedling
How the Procedure is Performed
While there are a few different types of microneedling devices, the procedure remains the same. A small device with a grouping of tiny needles is passed over the skin while the needles gently poke the surface of the skin, creating tiny channels to inspire the body’s natural regenerative process.
The treatment can also be used in conjunction with a topical cream or vitamin-rich serum because the small needles push the formula deeper into the skin, amplifying the beneficial properties.
What results can I expect from Microneedling?
Collagen and elastin production will begin immediately after receiving your treatment and will continue over the next few weeks, filling in indentations from scars, dissolving hyperpigmented areas, and revitalizing the surface of your skin. You will be amazed at your smooth and bright complexion, achieved without the use of fillers or resurfacing treatments. Microneedling can take years off the look of your face and give you a youthful glow.
How long will the results last?
Some patients will need a few treatments to achieve optimal results, and the longevity of those results will vary by person. The skin will still gradually age, but typically patients will retain the results of their microneedling procedure for a few months. The treatments can then be repeated as necessary.
Recovery After Microneedling
You are typically able to resume normal activities right away because of the minimally-invasive nature of microneedling procedures. Your skin might be slightly sensitive and pink in the treatment areas, and you should avoid going in direct sunlight for extended periods until your skin heals. You likely won’t even be able to tell you had a microneedling procedure after 1 or 2 days! | <urn:uuid:25e47d39-9c37-474c-959f-042e7358a9e5> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://flirt3dbrows.com/microneedling/ | 2023-12-11T10:07:59Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679103810.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20231211080606-20231211110606-00254.warc.gz | en | 0.92207 | 846 | [
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Organic Basmati Brown. Originating in Asia, rice is the most common staple crop on Earth. Brown rice is nutritionally superior. Rinse in cold water. Use 1 cup rice to 2 cups of water. Bring to the boil and simmer for 15-20 mins covered, serve. Basmati rice is improved by rinsing in cold water and soaking for 1 hour prior to cooking as above. | <urn:uuid:e6517572-d0f0-4541-9b4e-d343e7c91df8> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://preservefoods.co.uk/products/copy-of-arborio-rice-white-500g-1 | 2023-12-11T08:23:21Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679103810.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20231211080606-20231211110606-00254.warc.gz | en | 0.933026 | 85 | [
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Dollar Sign PNG Logo, Gold Dollar Sign, Black Dollar Sign, Green Dollar Sign Icon ImagesDollar Sign Png You can download 38 free dollar sign png images.
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Thanks for choosing us! | <urn:uuid:b83f8ed0-8077-4547-8b02-b18b5499d62c> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.freepnglogos.com/pics/dollar-sign | 2023-12-11T08:58:45Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679103810.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20231211080606-20231211110606-00254.warc.gz | en | 0.792654 | 160 | [
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Remember that to catch the attention of your fans and make them pay your monthly subscription price, you need to set up an excellent profile and banner image. | <urn:uuid:fb8d1d4c-b9e9-4fab-94e1-b8a4357f21ae> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://thesmallbusinessblog.net/how-to-get-verified-on-onlyfans/ | 2023-11-29T07:58:18Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100057.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20231129073519-20231129103519-00454.warc.gz | en | 0.918046 | 1,647 | [
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Well executed service and maintenance is the key to high machine availability.
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A lovely testimony from one our LV parents after reading her daughter’s recent LAMDA exam feedback.
“What fab feedback! Well done everyone involved after the year the kids have had it’s wonderful. Enormously proud! She is thrilled with the result. Thank you so much Jess for your help. Special teachers like you get the best results because you put the effort in to each individual student helping realise their potential. Your positive nature is infectious and I know my daughter thrived to be the best she could with your help.” | <urn:uuid:58bf5aa5-aac2-4613-af13-a44ac5d8e69e> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://littlevoices.org.uk/locations/locations/mid-kent/reviews/27035/ | 2023-11-30T14:13:32Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100227.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130130218-20231130160218-00354.warc.gz | en | 0.968087 | 114 | [
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For the past decade, behavioral health patients who go to the emergency department have waited. And waited. And waited. Sometimes they’ve waited as many as 30 hours or more before treatment even begins.
The truth is that in the vast majority of cases, this suffering is unnecessary. Research shows that 75% or more of severe psychiatric emergencies can be stabilized and discharged within 24 hours.
As leaders in healthcare, we must find more equitable and effective ways to care for this vulnerable population. We cannot expect community-based care to treat every crisis—many individuals with medical comorbidity or high acuity symptoms are beyond the capabilities of most community programs—so our emergency departments and acute care hospitals must be ready to care for patients experiencing a psychiatric emergency. Indeed, federal EMTALA laws define psychiatric emergencies as medical emergencies, so hospital emergency departments must be prepared to evaluate and treat these cases just as they would heart attacks or car accidents.
Health systems across the United States have demonstrated there is a better way when they take a patient-first approach. In some cases, patient volume calls for dedicated behavioral care delivery units. In others, a focused effort to train emergency department teams on mental health triage, de-escalation, and treatment is needed.
These approaches are already a reality at health systems across the United States and exemplify a Health In Place approach, where care delivery meets patients when, where, and how they need us. Sometimes this means virtual or hybrid care; at other times, in-person hospital care delivery is most effective.
Two examples I’d like to highlight have proven invaluable to hospitals and their communities across the nation.
The many benefits that hospitals have realized through these models are a testament to the importance of treating behavioral health patients in a targeted and appropriate way that best matches their needs while improving care delivery for all.
CommonSpirit Health is the largest Catholic health system and second-largest nonprofit hospital system in the U.S., operating more than 140 hospitals in 21 states. Like health systems across the country, CommonSpirit was experiencing a rapid increase in the number of behavioral health patients presenting to its ED. Perhaps its greatest challenge was lack of clinician training around mental health and substance abuse emergencies.
Senior leadership from CommonSpirit collaborated with Vituity beginning in 2021 to identify nine exemplary CommonSpirit EDs in Nevada and California that could not only succeed with EPI but also help to scale it across the organization. This resulted in numerous improvements across the nine participating hospitals within six months:
Billings Clinic serves a wide, highly rural catchment area that includes most of Montana, northern Wyoming, and the western Dakotas. Many of the clinic’s patients travel great distances for emergency behavioral healthcare. Before EmPath, these patients waited an average of eight hours in the ED. While that’s less than the national average, the clinic’s leadership still felt it was too long.
Billings Clinic opened adult and youth EmPath Units in spring 2018. As a result, ED length of stay for behavioral health patients dropped by more than five hours. Admissions decreased by half and recidivism plunged 50%. Previously, about 1 in 5 mental health and substance abuse patients were readmitted to the hospital within 30 days. After EmPath, this rate dropped to 1 in 8.
EmPath also proved to be an extremely safe setting for patients and staff. Among the first 4,000 who passed through the unit, only 0.2% required seclusion or restraint.
Collectively, these quality and efficiency improvements add up to $1.7 million in annual savings for insurers.
Mercy San Juan Medical Center in Carmichael, California, runs an EmPath Unit in collaboration with Sacramento County. After the unit opened in September 2019, ED psychiatric boarding hours dropped by 77% in just one month. By December, ED length of stay averaged 7.6 hours. Presently, the overall length of stay is under five hours, which includes all time for medical evaluation and treatment, even for complicated cases like overdoses.
Mercy San Juan’s EmPath has proved to be exceptionally patient-friendly. In fiscal year 2021, the unit discharged 80% of patients home who would have been held for inpatient care in the past, while earning positive satisfaction ratings from 85% of those served, even though most of those patients initially arrived on an involuntary hold. Thanks to robust discharge planning, the number of patients returning to the ED declined 30%. Physical restraint use in this high-acuity population remains well below one percent of cases, while in standard emergency departments the same population might experience over 20% restraint use.
At the heart of better psychiatric care is a clinically proven and purposeful way to care for hospitals’ most challenging patient population. Through the use of models designed expressly for acute behavioral healthcare, health systems can increase accessibility to emergency psychiatrists for hospital-based provider teams, lower their overall wait and discharge times, and achieve superior clinical results.
Read more about Vituity’s commitment to Health In Place. | <urn:uuid:b1c6dc66-76ab-4890-80db-95ee19b1f948> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.vituity.com/healthcare-insights/patient-focused-care-models-bridge-gaps-in-psychiatric-care/ | 2023-11-30T15:03:10Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100227.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130130218-20231130160218-00354.warc.gz | en | 0.94372 | 1,029 | [
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From the patients diagnosed with PMS, = 13 (72%) were treated with DMTs, including interferon beta (= 5), glatiramer acetate (= 6), fingolimod (= 1) and daclizumab (= 1). Zinc concentrations were also determined in the sera of 50 HCs, matched for age and sex at a group level. Results: MS patients showed significantly lower zinc concentrations (mean (SD)) than HCs (12.5 (2.1) mol/L vs. 14.6 (2.3) mol/L, 0.001). In contrast, we did not find any difference between RMS (12.4 (2.0) mol/L) and PMS (13.0 (3.0) mol/L) cases (= 0.8). Patients receiving disease-modifying treatment showed lower mean (SD) serum zinc levels than untreated cases (12.3 (1.9) mol/L vs. 13.5 (3.2) mol/L, 0.03). Zinc levels were not related to disease duration, EDSS, annual relapse rate, or the TIMP3 median number of relapses. Conclusions: The data suggest Risperidone (Risperdal) that a diagnosis of MS is related to lower serum zinc concentrations than in HCs, and concentrations were lower still under disease-modifying therapy. However, zinc levels did not predict disease subtypes or disability status. = 9 clinically isolated syndrome, = 124 relapsing remitting MS) and 18 patients with the progressive form of MS (PMS) (= 10 secondary progressive MS, = 8 primary progressive MS) according to the McDonald criteria (2010) . The patients were consecutively recruited through the Department of Neurology at the Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg. Disease duration was defined as the time in years between diagnosis and blood sampling. Clinical scoring was available from the clinical record for all patients using the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) . Previous patient reports were also examined, and clinical examination was performed at the time of blood sampling. These evaluations were used in an exploratory analysis, to search for symptoms or signs that could be potentially associated both with lower zinc levels and MS disease, such as depression [9,10], diuretic use (angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin 2 receptor antagonists or thiazide diuretics) , diabetes , or vegetarian diet . Additionally, zinc concentrations were measured in the sera of = 50 age- and sex-matched controls without a history of neurological or psychiatric disorders or diabetes (HCs), who were recruited from medical staff and their families and the community. To exclude potential confounding factors, all participants (i) were evaluated in the absence of signs of clinical infection or an acute inflammatory relapse (patients only), (ii) should not have received any type of corticosteroids in the preceding 4 weeks, (iii) should not be pregnant, and (iv) were asked whether they were taking zinc supplements. The study was approved by the local ethics committee of the Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Germany (No 80/16), and all participants provided written informed consent. 2.2. Ethical Publication Statement We confirm that we have read the journals position on issues involved in ethical publication and affirm that this report is consistent with those guidelines. 2.3. Zinc Measurement Venous blood samples (6 mL) were collected in specially obtained metal-free tubes (BD Vacutainer, Ref. 368380, BD Vacutainer?, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA) from all participants during the morning (between 08:00 and noon) to avoid a potential confounding effect of circadian fluctuation . The blood samples were immediately transferred to the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry Magdeburg, for separation by centrifugation. The serum zinc level was quantified using an atomic absorption iCE3500 spectrophotometer (ThermoFisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). 2.4. Statistical Analysis Statistical analysis was conducted using Risperidone (Risperdal) SPSS 21 (ISPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA). The groups (MS, HC) were compared with respect to categorical variables using a = 12 RMS, = 1 PMS) and one HC reported taking regular supplementary zinc preparations. Three MS patients used diuretics. Moreover, the rates of diabetes and vegetarianism were less than 5% in both groups. Mean (SD) age and sex did not differ between HCs (43 years, 76% female) and MS patients (43 , 75%). As expected, mean (SD) age and sex distributions of PMS patients (55 , 100%) differed ( 0.001, = 0.03) from HCs (= 0.001, = 0.03) and RMS cases (42 , 71%). Mean (SD) disease duration was 10 years in the MS patients and did not differ between the subgroups (RMS = 9 , PMS 13 , = 0.1). Median EDSS at the time of blood sampling was lower in RMS patients (2.5) than in PMS patients ( 0.001). Table 1 = number of participants; unless otherwise reported mean [standard deviation] is given. ARR = annualized relapse rate, HC = healthy controls, MS = multiple sclerosis, PMS = Risperidone (Risperdal) progressive multiple sclerosis,.
- Melting factors (uncorrected) were motivated on the Buchi-510 capillary apparatus
- To see whether proteasome inhibitors would stop the power of translation inhibitors to activate the NLRP3 inflammasome, we employed two proteasome inhibitors, MG-132 and bortezimib
- High net consumption of serine and glycine is nearly universal across the NCI-60 cancer panel (Jain et al
- In the following, we use an interface design recapitulation benchmark to demonstrate that an appropriately diverse set of hotspots generates native-like interfaces in both natural and proteins that are not the natural partners of the target protein
- For instance, the hippocampus, some correct elements of the low brainstem and cerebellum displayed impressive anatomical derangement, whereas diencephalic nuclei were spared | <urn:uuid:fefafac7-ab46-4b02-ab4b-129fb6d69acc> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | http://www.euromedh2020.com/2021/11/16/%EF%BB%BFfrom-the-patients-diagnosed-with-pms-13-72-were-treated-with-dmts-including-interferon-beta-5-glatiramer-acetate-6-fingolimod-1-and-daclizumab-1/ | 2023-12-03T01:28:54Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100476.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20231202235258-20231203025258-00154.warc.gz | en | 0.933392 | 1,326 | [
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One of the most highly-attended sessions at GreenBuild 2017, entitled “Cost-Justifying Green Buildings to Skeptics”, was moderated by Emma Stewart, USGBC Director and Chair of the Advisory Council, with presentations by Anthony Bernheim of The Allen Group, LLC, responsible for program management at San Francisco International Airport’s Terminal 1, and Jack Rizzo, a Managing Director at Prologis responsible for development and construction of logistics centers globally.
The major takeaway? That data combined with economic analysis is helping to quantify the value of more sustainable design in convincing dollar terms.
For Terminal 1 at San Francisco International Airport, triple bottom line cost benefit analysis (TBL-CBA) became part of a $2.4Billon program, developed from scratch, to integrate sustainability into terminal and baggage-handling designs. It helped to justify choices between window glazing, motorized shades, interior landscaping, green roofs, ground source heat pumps and radiant heating and cooling for the best solution to human comfort and energy efficiency based on the net present value (NPV) and benefit-cost ratio (BCR) of dollar returns over a 50 year study period.
For Prologis, data and economic analysis conducted on 20 Prologis logistics centers making up 6.2 million sf demonstrated that every incremental dollar spent on sustainable design generated $19 of benefit – $9.40 to the tenant via energy savings, improved productivity and reduced absenteeism, and $9.63 to the community via reduced greenhouse gas emissions and criteria air pollutants, conserving fresh water, recycling waste and sourcing regional materials during construction.
You can download the Powerpoint presentation here.
However, the real challenge to justifying green building was driven home during the audience interactive exercise, conducted following the formal presentation, where attendees at each table were asked to assume the perspectives of owners, designers and engineers around a fictitious project and to role-play the questions and concerns that might arise around justifying sustainable design. The discussion that followed underscored the realization that it is always important to “walk in the other person’s shoes” – to understand the challenges from all perspectives and be prepared for questions that drill into the data and analysis for more detail. Tools, like Autocase, that provide a breakdown of the analysis by stakeholder impact and provide documentation behind all the numbers, help to bridge the gap. We are all part of a community committed to a building a better world, so a well-rounded view of the choices we make is critical to achieving success. | <urn:uuid:f8fa9901-6057-4a15-9dde-366eb0deeffe> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://autocase.com/cost-justifying-green-buildings-skeptics-greenbuild-2017/ | 2023-12-03T01:05:39Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100476.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20231202235258-20231203025258-00154.warc.gz | en | 0.937885 | 524 | [
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JUMP! Swim Schools Albany
Give your child a kickstart — swimming lessons Albany
We are a boutique learn to swim facility for babies aged from 3 months up to pre-squad.
JUMP! Albany is the way learn to swim should be for your child — small intimate classes free of distractions, expert qualified swimming teachers, and a heated purpose-built indoor pool. Every child feels safe and at home as we join them on their swimming journey.
We will have a real community feel where we can discuss your child’s progress every swimming lesson and greet every child by name.
We are due to opening in November 2017 in the industrial complex just off the Northern Motorway between Mico Plumbing and Tile Depot. | <urn:uuid:7124c258-e337-44e0-8fb7-fd3d2ecc38b4> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://jumpswimschools.com.au/albany-new-zealand/ | 2023-12-03T01:19:37Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100476.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20231202235258-20231203025258-00154.warc.gz | en | 0.958547 | 149 | [
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What was Lisa Marie Presley’s net worth before her passing? Here’s everything we know.
On Thursday, Jan. 12, reports confirmed that Lisa Marie Presley, the only child of Elvis Presley, passed away after suffering cardiac arrest. She had been found unresponsive in her bedroom by her housekeeper and later taken to the hospital. She was put on life support but tragically pronounced dead just hours later.
In the wake of the news, fans have become more curious about Lisa Marie’s personal life, from her children to her finances. Sadly, ahead of her death, Lisa Marie was struggling with money issues, many of which came to light during her divorce from musician Michael Lockwood.
Here’s what we know about where things stood before Lisa Marie Presley’s passing.
What was Lisa Marie Presley’s net worth? She had a reported debt of more than $16 million.
Things weren’t looking great for Lisa Marie in terms of her financial situation, as she had a reported debt of more than $16 million, per People. But as the only heir to Elvis Presley’s estate, how can this be true?
Lisa Marie was only 9 years old when her father passed away in 1977. At the time of his death, his estate was worth $5 million.
If you think Elvis should have been worth more than that, you’d be right. Over the course of more than two decades, Elvis worked with a manager named Colonel Tom Parker, who reportedly pocketed around 50 percent of Elvis’s earnings. (Most managers typically make between 10 and 20 percent.) While his ex-wife, Priscella Presley, later said that Elvis was happy to pay this amount to Parker, others claimed he was swindled by a con man.
In 1979, Priscilla Presley took over as executor of Elvis’s estate, which involved keeping up with maintenance and paying taxes on his Graceland mansion — to the tune of around $1 million per year.
However, in 1982, Priscilla turned Graceland into a museum and opened it to the public. The attraction was such a massive hit that she was able to catch up on all owed expenses and debts after just four days of business. At one point, the estate rose to be worth $100 million.
Once Lisa Marie reached the age of 25 in 1993, she inherited the estate. However, keeping up with it proved to be just as tricky as it originally was for her mom.
Per Today, the estate owed $25 million in debts by 2004. The following year, Lisa Marie agreed to sell 85 percent of the business side of the company, while she retained the 15 percent that included the Graceland mansion and the possessions within it. The sale absolved her of the debts owed by the estate and paid her $53 million in cash.
LISA MARIE PRESLEY Profile Summary
Lisa Marie Presley is a singer-songwriter and the only daughter of Elvis Presley.
- Profession: Singer and songwriter
- Net worth: -$16 million
- Birth name: Lisa Marie Presley
- Birthday: February 1, 1968
- Birthplace: Memphis, Tennessee, U.S.
- Spouse: Danny Keough (m. 1988; div. 1994); Michael Jackson (m. 1994; div. 1996); Nicolas Cage (m. 2002; div. 2004); Michael Lockwood (m. 2006; div. 2021)
- Children: 4
Unfortunately, that cash didn’t seem to stick around for long. In 2018, a debt of $16.7 million was revealed during Lisa Marie’s divorce battle with Michael Lockwood. According to her then-business manager, who spoke with People, Lisa Marie’s previous business manager had majorly mishandled her finances, leading her to have unpaid income taxes, a defaulted mortgage, and massive credit bills.
Lisa Marie “had not been provided with proper accountings or notices or been kept abreast of her finances,” he said, adding that by the time she fired her previous business manager, she had less than $20,000 in liquid assets.
Lisa Marie claimed in court documents that she only received “a monthly salary of $4,361 from her father Elvis Presley’s estate, as well as $100,000 in dividends and interest from investments.” While an income of around $1.25 million per year may seem like a lot, it clearly wasn’t enough to pay off her debts.
What’s more, Lisa Marie’s music career wasn’t likely bringing in much money as her most recent album was released all the way back in 2012. Ahead of her passing, it was unclear if she intended to continue releasing new music. | <urn:uuid:51729fc1-7df3-47e1-a1f3-268ab3e416aa> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://thevibely.com/celebrities/lisa-marie-presley-net-worth-at-death/ | 2023-12-03T00:16:44Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100476.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20231202235258-20231203025258-00154.warc.gz | en | 0.979116 | 1,009 | [
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A Lot or a Little?
What you will—and won't—find in this movie.
No real positive messages.
Positive Role Models
No real positive role models.
Violence & Scariness
Riot scenes between SWAT-team police and squatters who are being forced out of the shopping arcade where they ran their businesses. Fighting with billyclubs, Molotov cocktails, broken glass, kicking, and punching. After smashing out the windows of her restaurant, thugs shove a woman backwards, causing her to hit her head on the curb and die. One of the lead antagonists is violently beaten up by the henchmen of another lead antagonist; he's shown knocked down, kicked, and punched repeatedly in the face until he is bloody. Lead character develops the ability to move objects with the power of his mind and gestures, throws bad guys around, knocking them into walls and each other. He knocks himself into buildings and falls to the pavement while learning to fly. He smashes and throws vehicles and other large objects.
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Frequent profanity. "F--k," "f--kers," "bulls--t," "p--sy," "p--cks," "bastards," "bitch," "hell," "balls."
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Drinking, Drugs & Smoking
Cigarette smoking. Beer and alcohol drinking. Lead character appears and acts drunk. Character makes reference to friends buying illegal drugs.
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Parents Need to Know
Parents need to know that Psychokinesis is a 2018 Korean movie about a man who uses his newfound telekinetic powers to help his estranged daughter fight back against an evil construction corporation. There are many riot scenes in which riot police clash with small business owners who are being forcibly evicted from their places of business in a shopping arcade -- fighting with clubs, Molotov cocktails, kicks, punches. Thugs shove a woman to the pavement, where she hits her head on the curb and dies. A woman driving a van tries to run over these thugs to stop them from destroying her restaurant. One of the lead antagonists is graphically shown getting kicked and punched repeatedly by the henchmen of another antagonist -- he's punched repeatedly in the face until he's bruised and bloody. There's also action/superhero violence -- the lead character with the telekinetic powers throws bad guys into walls and each other. He knocks himself into buildings and falls to the pavement while learning to fly. He smashes and throws vehicles and other large objects. Profanity often used, including "f--k." Lead character shown getting drunk. Cigarette smoking. Movie in Korean with English subtitles. To stay in the loop on more movies like this, you can sign up for weekly Family Movie Night emails.
Is It Any Good?
With its stylized violence and offbeat humor, this couldn't be anything but a Korean film. The seriousness of a father trying to make amends with his estranged daughter, as well as the concerns of outside interests gentrifying bastions of Korean society, are counterbalanced by the playful bumbling of Seong-ryong Ryu's reluctant superhero, who is initially too obtuse to realize the ramifications of the gift he has been given after drinking mountain spring water that had been hit by a comet the night before. The harsh behavior of nearly all the antagonists is offset by their stupid klutziness.
All these elements should clash but somehow they don't. The result is a fun and engaging action movie. The fight sequences and the absurdity set this apart from other movies in which characters either have or develop telekinetic powers. The many ways in which Seok-hyeon throws, lifts, and slams the bad guys is creative, and the utter ridiculousness of one of the squatters who is fighting for his life telling Seok-hyeon how he needs to be the next Uri Geller and become internationally famous adds to the sheer entertainment value. Psychokinesis is an enjoyable movie for mature teens and up.
Did we miss something on diversity?
Research shows a connection between kids' healthy self-esteem and positive portrayals in media. That's why we've added a new "Diverse Representations" section to our reviews that will be rolling out on an ongoing basis. You can help us help kids by suggesting a diversity update. | <urn:uuid:eff425d1-33c7-4700-8f5a-e197e66fd31d> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.commonsensemedia.org/movie-reviews/psychokinesis | 2023-12-03T02:14:24Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100476.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20231202235258-20231203025258-00154.warc.gz | en | 0.959002 | 963 | [
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New Year’s Travel Numbers Released
The Georgia Department of Public Safety reports this morning that traffic crashes across Georgia during the New Year’s holiday travel period resulted in five fatalities.
None of those were reported in northeast Georgia during the 30-hour holiday period.
This year’s holiday period for New Year’s started at 6 p.m. New Year’s Eve and ended at midnight New Year’s Day.
Traffic deaths were reported by the Georgia State Patrol post in Cartersville, Waycross Police, Marietta Police, while two fatalities were reported by the Cobb County Police Department.
This year’s total of five fatalities is down from last year’s New Year’s holiday travel period, though last year’s New Year’s travel period was longer than this year’s.
During last year’s 102-hour holiday period, the state saw seven traffic fatalities.
Georgia State Troopers investigated 137 traffic crashes with 52 injuries during this year’s New Year’s holiday period.
Both of those numbers are also down from last year’s longer New Year’s period, when state troopers investigated 694 crashes that resulted in 353 injuries. | <urn:uuid:e63c3534-08fb-432f-835e-6d43fa64ec5f> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://wnegradio.com/new-years-travel-numbers-released/ | 2023-12-04T07:03:08Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100525.55/warc/CC-MAIN-20231204052342-20231204082342-00054.warc.gz | en | 0.946165 | 261 | [
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Two cheers for Migration Studies
Comparative Migration Studies volume 8, Article number: 38 (2020)
Over the last 30 years, as the CrossMigration project demonstrates, Migration Studies has been positively institutionalized in a number of ways. Further, a number of new theoretical interventions have significantly altered the ways we understand migration. What unfortunately has not changed, I believe, is the low level of impact that academic studies of migration has had on public understanding. For these reasons, we can call for a limited “two cheers for Migration studies”, but not the conventional three cheers.
Migration Studies is a multi- and inter-disciplinary research field that, over the past 30 years, has substantially both changed and remained the same. As part of the EU-Horizon 2020 CrossMigration project, Asya Pisarevskaya, Nathan Levy, Peter Scholten and Joost Jansen have evidenced how this process – particularly the change side – has developed (Levy et al. 2020; Pisarevskaya et al. 2019). On the one hand, it is not remarkable that there has been a large increase in the number of journals and articles in the field of Migration Studies over 30 years, since this is the case with practically all sciences. General academic output has globally doubled every 9 years (Van Noorden 2014). On the other hand, however, what is remarkable – as these authors show through innovative analyses of Migration Studies literature – is the concurrence of several important trends that have taken place during this period of expansion. Also, over these decades, a number of new theoretical interventions have significantly altered the ways we understand migration. In these ways, Migration Studies has changed, in very positive ways moreover. What unfortunately has not changed, I believe, is the low level of impact that academic studies of migration has had on public understanding. For these reasons, we can call for a limited “two cheers for Migration Studies”, but not the conventional three cheers.
First cheer: institutionalization
The CrossMigration articles indicate, among other things, a broad pattern of institutionalization characterizing the field. This includes findings that: the field has undergone a slow process of internationalization; it has witnessed considerable disciplinary and methodological variation; across a growing body of literature, there has been an increasing diversification of topics generally, greater connection between some topics, and an inconsistent fragmentation – or decreasing connectedness -- of others. Despite a proliferation of topics, approaches and methods, the authors demonstrate a ‘coming of age’ of the research field. This has come about through the emergence of a common, globalized academic field of scholars across numerous disciplines working on the same, similar or related topics and often referring to each other. We should also consider, as key evidence of institutionalization, the substantial growth in the number of migration-related courses and degrees at universities worldwide. These are all developments that are undoubtable, noteworthy and welcome. One cheer for Migration Studies.
However, for me, several questions immediately arise from this coming of age thesis. First, to what extent are scholars included in this trend (a) actually aware of their common framing as ‘Migration Studies scholars’, and (b) are they comfortable with that? Here I’m thinking of colleagues in certain disciplines in certain countries who – for personal reasons stemming from national academic cultures and professional pressures – only want to be thought of as a specialist within their discrete disciplines. For them, multi- and inter-disciplinarily may well be disdained. I’ve certainly met German economists and American sociologists, to name but two examples, who may well have been included in the overview analysis of the field because they work on data concerning refugees or post-migrant ethnic minorities, but who would probably reject the designation of their work as ‘Migration Studies’.
Second, as many scholars have debated for years, it is contestable what counts as Migration Studies. The boundaries of this field are terribly vague and porous. What topics belong in, which should be out (or at least entered with qualifiers)? As someone who has done work with national ethnic minorities in different contexts, years or generations after an earlier period of migration, I have always felt uncomfortable when this field-of-its-own gets subsumed under Migration Studies. While the term ‘migration-related diversity’ is often used, I think that should be reserved for the diversities that relate directly to actual migrants themselves … not diversity that exists in a society because of a long past migration. It is a tricky matter, to be sure. In the CrossMigration study, it is noted that ‘black studies’ has been a prominent topic in Migration Studies over three recent periods. With much of this topic comprised of studies regarding Black Americans (whose history based on slavery is only marginally comparable to most contemporary international migration), its fit in Migration Studies is highly questionable. Arguably for some, too, the inclusion of all studies of racial and ethnic minorities within Migration Studies might inherently equate or ‘migrantize’ such purported minorities as being akin to foreign ‘others’ (Anderson 2019). Relatedly, the study of racism is clearly relevant to migrants, albeit not focused on migrants. Is it inside or outside of Migration Studies? A far different topic, citizenship, represents a parallel, burgeoning and important field of literature with obvious relevance to migration. However, only some publications concern migrants. Is the topic in or out?
These doubts notwithstanding, the proliferation of themes and subjects within Migration Studies is certainly something to be celebrated. For us scholars, an ever-richer array of studies has broadened our horizons, brought new issues to our attention, and helped serve to link a number of topics.
Second cheer: transformations
The CrossMigration study points to a number of developments within Migration Studies over 30 years, grouped together as a process of institutionalization. Another important series of developments that have affected the field are ones that cannot be measured by bibliographic analyses alone. These concern some of the ways that concepts and approaches have impacted on the way social scientists have come to research and understand migration patterns and processes – indeed that have shaped many basic ways we think about migration. While the field is grounded in a number of ‘classics’ (Cohen 2019), over the past 30 years a set of newer publications and approaches have had significant impacts. These call for a second cheer for Migration Studies. Examples of such transformative concepts include the so-called new economics of migration, methodological nationalism and transnationalism. Each of these broke a kind of mould in the way migration was conventionally approached and understood within social science.
Classical migration theory had long rested on a view that migration is driven by individual migrants making rational choices to move to places with higher wages. By the early 1990s, with an approach deemed the new economics of migration, this shifted to an understanding that migration decisions are made by entire households and family networks as part of strategies to collectively minimize risk and produce benefits for all (e.g., Stark and Bloom 1985; Massey et al. 1993). Also, the shifted perspective recognized that deprivation is relative and that low to middle income people tend to be the ones who migrate, rather than the poorest.
Another transformative notion in Migration Studies has been methodological nationalism, particularly in its formulation by Wimmer and Glick Schiller (2002). It describes and criticizes the ways in which the concept of the nation-state, as a kind of containers of peoples, laws and heritage, came to be regarded as a natural and inherent form of organization. Indeed, such an interpretation was eventually taken for granted as a fundamental social and political formation, including among social scientists. The task becomes that of breaking free from methodological nationalism in order to gain a fully theoretical perspective on social networks, trends, processes and influences that cross-cut or spill over from nation-states societies. The notion has gained great salience. One problem with its success, however, is that reference to Wimmer and Glick Schiller’s piece has become rather de rigueur within Migration Studies, including in many studies that are actually and solely about discrete nation-state societies. That is, it has become easy to cite the piece without taking on board its message.
Wimmer and Glick Schiller’s article was directly linked with the concept of transnationalism. Commencing in the early 1990s, transnationalism is a concept that disrupted several accepted views of migration. Foremost was the view of migration in which it was assumed that migrants left their places of origin once and for all to settle and assimilate in new contexts. Consequently, the world was largely divided into sending- and receiving-countries. Instead, transnationalism underscores the fact that migrants tend to maintain extensive familial, social, economic and political links with their places of origin, creating and maintaining ways of life and social fields that combine origin and destination points (see, among others, Glick Schiller et al. 1992; Portes et al. 1999; Vertovec 1999; Levitt 2001). This ‘realization’ also led to considerable attention to the ways that transnational communities impact on homeland development, especially through remittances. The figure below, based on an examination of 2026 publications, reflects the cross-disciplinary interest in transnationalism that began in the 1990s and has steadily boomed until the present (showing the number of times the term appeared in titles, keywords and abstracts – with special thanks to Margherita Cusmano and Heike Sieber at the Max Planck Institute).
It was no coincidence that the rise of notions of methodological nationalism and transnationalism (accompanied by a boom in studies of diasporas) occurred at the same time as a proliferation of interest and publications on globalization. The 1990s and especially the early 2000s were a time of expanding global linkages of many kinds – and of academic interest in them.
At present – dare I say – in some quarters, the concept of super-diversity (Vertovec 2007, 2019; Meissner and Vertovec 2015) represents a kind of transformative concept and approach to researching and understanding complexity in migration flows and outcomes. This comes at a time when, arguably, many aspects of national and world society are becoming more complex. Precisely for this reason, Migration Studies needs to gear itself for a different kind of engagement.
No cheer (yet): complexity and communication
The impact of Migration Studies works on policy, at any scale, has been sporadic and uneven. Further, its impact on public understanding and opinion has been unremarkable at best to imperceptible at worst. For this reason, in my view, Migration Studies still does not merit a full three cheers because of its failures in public communication.
This is not for want of trying. Numerous academics have spent countless hours researching and writing for policymakers and trying to work with and through journalists. There are, to be sure, examples out there where academic Migration Studies have made a difference. Yet on the whole, policymakers either ignore what does not suit their agenda or notoriously cherry-pick findings and recommendations. Journalists often do much the same, drawing on academics only to tell the stories they themselves want (or think the public wants) to hear and tell.
Practically every week, some issue concerning migration appears in the headlines. Borders said to need tightening, flows deemed out of control, more migrants dead in the Mediterranean, integration processes purportedly failed. What is the most effective role for scholars in Migration Studies within a public sphere apparently gripped by such issues?
One conventional role for scholars has long been that of feeding the public sphere with professional views and factual data. Particularly now, with the salience of migration matters particularly high (see, for instance, Dennison and Geddes 2019), there are a great many academic researchers who wish to work closely with civil society organizations, concerned citizens and policymakers to bring about a better public understanding of migration and its outcomes. This was witnessed not long ago in an open letter calling for a paradigm change in public debates around migration. Led by Virginie Guiraudon and Thomas Piketty and signed by more than 700 academics, the call was simultaneously published on 28 June 2018 in Le Monde, La Repubblica and The Guardian.
Another role for scholars has been to provide correctives. In this role, academics intervene in the public sphere to rectify some reported data, interpretation or political statement that they consider false or, more often, overly simplistic. This has often been the case concerning matters such as one-dimensional understandings of immigrant integration, stereotypic images of immigrant ghettos and parallel societies, and ideas of national identity. A perpetual danger with the scientist’s corrective role is that of appearing as a patronizing elite, talking down to members of the public who they consider ignorant.
Much to the irritation of journalists and policymakers, social scientists routinely answer almost any query with the standard response, ‘it’s complicated’. By that, we usually mean that most social processes and outcomes are multi-causal and involve the interplay of several factors if not several processes in interaction. When asked to streamline or make more digestible their views and findings, some academics are taken aback or even refuse, horrified at the ostensible prospect of dumbing-down their work. But what should we do with our approaches to, and conclusions concerning, what are indeed complex conditions, interplays and processes? Instead of recoiling, social scientists should welcome opportunities to engage policymakers or parts of the media in order to encourage and inspire the treatment of major topics like migration in more multifaceted ways in an attempt to help foster modes of complex thinking.
Not least with regard to migration and diversity issues, members of the public rightfully want to know why something has happened in the way it has. Doing their job to meet such interests, journalists and policymakers look for reasons and causes – but sometimes only basic or singular ones. This often goes hand-in-hand with the use of highly limited, common sense categories like economic vs forced migration or zero-sum views of the labour market.
Given that social scientists regularly research and write about multiple causes and interdependent processes, we should not just resist what we might see as simplification, but convince others of the merit of asking, in all instances, ‘what other factor(s) or process (es) might be influencing this phenomenon?’ This is akin to what feminist lawyer Mari Matsuda (1991) calls ‘the other question’: for example, she proposes, when one sees a phenomenon that looks racist, one should also ask: does gender or class have some role in this too? Similarly, ‘the other question’ is possible with a wide range of matters concerning migration, integration and diversity.
In this way, more complex questions concerning migration processes should probe the usually multiple, compound drivers behind migration. Rather than a view merely positing that persecution leads to ‘refugees’ and poverty leads to ‘economic migration’, the media should be prompted to look for the inherently multifaceted reasons people leave their homelands today. Migration always has multiple causes that influence, trigger and condition one another, and recognizing this is another major contribution of Migration Studies (see especially Black et al. 2011). These are usually factors that are at once political (a state failing to protect and provide for its population, perhaps supporting corruption and a context of violence), social and familial (including aspirations for education, healthcare and life chances), economic (entailing inequalities, food insecurity, collapse economic sectors), environmental (stemming from climate change and environmental degradation), and demographic (especially population growth, but also imbalances in terms of age and the labour market).
More complex questions concerning integration processes require an intersectional approach. This entails recognizing the way that a number of individual characteristics – ethnicity, gender, legal status, language competency, age, neighborhood, and so on – combine to provide opportunities and constraints for an individual within society. This is one of the key spheres in which Matsuda’s ‘other question’ has bearing. Specific combinations or correlations of characteristics are reflected in the pace, direction, processes and indicators of integration (which rightly remains a highly debated concept in Migration Studies).
If significant sectors of the media develop better practices for probing complex questions about migration, it will mark an important step towards stimulating the public themselves to ask more comprehensive questions. Migration Studies scholars can help by offering empirically based, complex narratives. In this way, the general public can be treated as self-equipped with the tools to make their own, more wide-ranging assessments. With perhaps a little nudging, everyone should be able to recognize, seek out and themselves reason-through multi-factor information and interwoven processes. After all, multiple factors and interwoven processes aren’t the stuff of advanced Sociology: as described in Jason Mittel’s (2015) book, Complex TV, every contemporary mini-series like ‘Game of Thrones’ or ‘Babylon Berlin’ is inherently based on these. If people can follow an intricate, multi-threaded mini-series, they should be able to draw connections between a range of migration-related facts and processes, too.
Society itself is becoming ever-more complex, and we should all be better equipped to comprehend it. The task for Migration Studies is not solely to provide journalists, policymakers and the wider public with factual answers to basic questions, but to encourage them to ask more extensive ones. Subsequently, with a degree of more complete information and understanding, public debates into the costs and benefits of migration might then be conducted more productively with advocates using far-ranging evidence, instead of combatively between entrenched camps spouting one-sided arguments. This entails cultivating more complex thinking about migration.
Migration Studies has come a long way in 30 years, as the CrossMigration studies clearly and helpfully show us. This includes not only a proliferation of literature, topics and networks, but also important new ways of describing and thinking about migration. We certainly need to continue to research, publish and think in more innovative and forward-thinking ways about migration. Yet, with such an accumulated depth and breadth of analysis and understanding of migration drivers, processes, dynamics and outcomes, we also need to get much better at conveying complex migration dynamics and shaping the ways that migration is discussed and comprehended in the public sphere. This should lead toward more far-reaching policy interventions, with complex solutions addressing complex problems (Scholten In press). Then, hopefully in much less than another 30 years, we will be able to call properly for “three cheers for Migration Studies!”
Anderson, B. (2019). New directions in migration studies: towards methodological de-nationalism. Comparative Migration Studies, 7 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40878-019-0140-8.
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The author declares that he has no competing interests.
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Vertovec, S. Two cheers for Migration Studies. CMS 8, 38 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40878-020-00195-0 | <urn:uuid:cf8b6836-c2ed-46fb-99c7-3facaa054356> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://comparativemigrationstudies.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s40878-020-00195-0 | 2023-12-05T08:29:05Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100550.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20231205073336-20231205103336-00854.warc.gz | en | 0.933814 | 4,821 | [
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West Lothian Youth Foundation have just completed taking part in a 10-week programme called the Youth Engagement League (YEL) which was funded by Erasmus+ and distributed and arranged by the SPFL Trust.
The YEL programme required the WLYF to pull together 2 squads of players in two different age groups, 9-11 years and 12-14 years. The boys and girls chosen represent local boys and girls clubs in West Lothian had given an unique opportunity to represent Livingston Football Club!
The YEL programme consisted of a number of different parts, including Matches against other foundations, training sessions, workshops and planning a Community Engagement Event. Over the course of the event, the participants were scored on their level of engagement at each session they were at. These scores were then added to the match results, which then would decide the overall winners. Points were scored for excellent attitude, good sportsmanship and clean and tidy facilities amongst many others.
This made the programme unique and made the participants think about their actions on and of the pitch!
Also, involved in the programme were Clyde FC Community Foundation, Motherwell FC Community Trust and Celtic FC Foundation. The squads played each team home and away and got to visit and play near their grounds. There were weekly training sessions here at Livingston with the WLYF coaching staff.
YEL also consisted of a number of classroom based sessions. There were 3 workshops which covered important non-football related aspects such as Bullying and Cyberbullying, Rights and Responsibilities and Health and Well-being. These workshops provided the participants with knowledge that they might not receive at school and an opportunity to ask questions about these important issues.
A major part of the programme was for the participants to plan and deliver a Community Engagement Project. This project was highlight a part of the community and to help them in some way. After a lot of discussion, the participants decided to hold a Sunday Lunch for residents in Local Care Homes. The participants wanted to spend some time with the residents and give them some company that they might not receive at their homes.
The YEL squads, put together a menu, wrote letters and arranged a facility with some assisted from their coaches. The event was held on Sunday 19th March 2017 and seen 20 residents from local care homes come along to the Tony Macaroni Arena for a Sunday Lunch. On the day, the participants had to set the tables, serve the food to the residents, play games and then do the dishes!!
The event was a fantastic success with some of the residents wanting to book again for the following Sunday! The participants and WLYF team would also like to thank Maureen, Sandra & Kate from Livingston FC who helped us run the event!
So, after 6 matches, a number of training sessions, 3 workshops and a very rewarding Community Engagement Event, the squads and coaches went to Hampden for the end of programme presentation hosted by the SPFL Trust.
It was a fantastic day getting to see what the other clubs got up to during their programmes and all the good work being carried out. Every player got a medal which was very well deserved! Also, got a tour of Hampden Park!
Each club nominated a player for two individual awards, Fair Play Award & Community Champion.
For West Lothian Youth Foundation/Livingston FC the winners were:
- Fair Play Award – Abbie Charles
- Community Champion – Harry McMartin
Congratulations to everyone involved in the Youth Engagement League! Well-deserved for all your effort and your parents and coaches couldn’t be any prouder!
WLYF would also like to thank Football Nation Teamwear for donating and providing strips and tracksuits for the programme! Made our teams look very smart and professional!
Pictures from the YEL Presentation day can be found by following this link http://trustedtrophytour.co.uk/tours/spfl-trust-yel-2017 | <urn:uuid:85750dc7-2397-4e5f-b4fb-fdafa3c7aaba> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | http://livingstonfc.co.uk/youth-engagement-league/ | 2023-12-06T15:34:07Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100599.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20231206130723-20231206160723-00754.warc.gz | en | 0.975799 | 815 | [
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Things to do during your stay
Balafon Beach Resort is perfectly situated for guests wanting to get out and about and find out what the 'real Gambia' has to offer.
The hotel sits directly on the beach, just a 2 minute stroll down the beach to Djeliba Plaza strip where you will find a many great local beach bars and restaurants offering live music and a variety of local and international cuisines
If you want a bigger selection of restaurants, shops and nightlife then the taxis outside the hotel are ready to take you to the bustling central hub of Senegambia, just 2km away (also known locally as 'the Strip'). In Senegambia you will also find a traditional and colourful market which is a great spot to pick up local handcrafted souvenirs and gifts to take home.
In cooperation with the African Adventure Tours, we have a wide range of excursions and round trips you can choose from.
We also create custom made tours that are interesting, educational and fun, and for sure will meet your interest, your budget and your time.
If you are looking for car/bus hire, we are also the people to talk to as we do our work with love and a passion for this beautiful country.
Let us take care of you and everything to ensure you that your experience is fee of hassle, so you will enjoy your holiday to the fullest.
Bantaba Bar & Restaurant
The restaurant at Balafon is called ‘Bantaba’ meaning ‘Meeting Place’ in the local Mandika language.
With that in mind it was positioned in the best spot at the resort, close to the swimming pools and next to the beach, making it the perfect place to eat and drink.
If you prefer just to relax and read a book, or watch beach life go by, then the sun terrace at Bantaba is the ideal location.
Food & Beverage
Breakfast at Balafon is served buffet style, with eggs cooked to your liking and limitless tea and coffee served to you while you enjoy the warm morning’s sea breeze.
At lunch we offer a beach snack style menu and for dinner the menu is a la carte with options of both traditional and Continental cuisine. Various themed music , BBQs and dining nights take place throughout the week.
Private Dining, Events, Parties & Weddings
Are you celebrating something special during your stay with us? Get in touch to find out how we can tailor private dining to suit your celebration.
Above the Bantaba Restaurant is a bright airy space perfect for small intimate parties if you are celebrating a special occasion.
Conference and banqueting facilities for up to 800 guests are also available for business and international travelers in our adjoining sister hotel, Djembe Resort, which is only a two minute walk away through beautiful well kept native paths and gardens.
Poco Loco Beach Bar & Restaurant
Take a leisurely afternoon stroll down the beach towards Kololi and you will find yourself drawn to the funky beachside vibe of Poco Loco, voted Gambia's No. 1 beach bar and restaurant.
Poco Loco's restaurant is renowned in the area for great tasting popular dishes and their homemade pizzas are super tasty!
This is a great place to wile away a few hours and watch the world go by. If you stay on or visit them in the evening you will see the place transform, as live bands tune up and the DJs get ready to spin tunes and entertain guests until late into the evening.
Mandala Wellness SPA
Relax and unwind ...
At the Mandala Wellness Spa, located in our sister hotel next door at Djeliba, we offer a wide range of beauty and massage treatments to help you relax and unwind during your stay with us.
Choose a Bach Flower or Hot Stone Massage or opt for the popular traditional Turkish Hammam massage using steam followed by a full body scrub and oil massage. We offer facials to give you cleaner, healthier, more radiant-looking skin and manicures and pedicures to brighten up your nails. | <urn:uuid:96a738e2-d223-471b-a455-c200e1fddc5a> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.balafonresort.com/activities | 2023-12-06T14:59:17Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100599.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20231206130723-20231206160723-00754.warc.gz | en | 0.938732 | 853 | [
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Sertraline Prescription Online
- Request sertraline prescription online
- Convenient care from home
- Same day prescriptions available
Sertraline HCl - An Overview
Sertraline, marketed under the brand name Zoloft, is indicated for the treatment of conditions such as major depressive disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder and social anxiety disorder. Push Health can connect people who need a sertraline HCl medication prescription, including generic sertraline 25 mg, sertraline 50 mg and sertraline 100 mg tablets, with a licensed medical provider who can prescribe sertraline medication when appropriate to do so.
What Is Sertraline Used For?
Sertraline prescription medication, like citalopram (Celexa), escitalopram (Lexapro), fluoxetine (Prozac), fluvoxamine (Luvox), and paroxetine (Paxil, Pexeva), belongs to a class of medications known as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) - similar to venlafaxine (Effexor) and different from NDRI medications like Wellbutrin. Sertraline is considered an antidepressant medication and is indicated for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), panic disorder (PD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), social anxiety disorder (SAD), and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). Sertraline works by inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin (5-HT) - a chemical neurotransmitter - by neurons in the central nervous system. Serotonin has been seen to have effects on one's mood, sleep, anxiety and sexual behavior among other things and sertraline medication is thought to work by potentiating its activity.
Sertraline - Dosage and Cost
Sertraline medication is available as sertraline 25 mg, 50 mg and 100 mg tablets as well as in sertraline 20 mg/mL oral solution. Depending on the prescriber's judgment, the initial dose of sertraline is often 25 mg or 50 mg per day. Mean peak plasma concentrations of sertraline after once daily dosing of sertraline over two weeks occurred between 4.5 to 8.4 hours post-dosing. Sertraline undergoes extensive metabolism on the first pass. The average terminal elimination half-life of sertraline from plasma is approximately 26 hours. The bioavailability of sertraline tablets is about the same as an equivalent dose of oral sertraline solution. Sertraline tablets and oral solutions should generally be stored at 20° C to 25° C but consult the package insert for additional instructions. Generic sertraline is considered affordable, costing under thirty cents per pill at many pharmacies in the United States. Sertraline coupons are sometimes available online and the cost of sertraline tablets may also be covered by many insurance plans.
Can I Buy Sertraline Online?
Sertraline is a prescription medication in the United States and, as a result, one cannot just buy sertraline online without a prescription from a licensed medical provider. As a result, sertraline OTC is not available, either. The first step to getting sertraline HCl is consulting a medical practitioner. Push Health can connect people who need a sertraline prescription with a licensed medical provider who can prescribe sertraline tablets, including sertraline 50 mg and sertraline 100 mg medication, when appropriate to do so.
Sertraline - Side Effects
The most common side effects from sertraline prescription medication use were nausea, diarrhea, tremor, dyspepsia, decreased appetite, hyperhidrosis, ejaculation failure and decreased libido although sertraline is typically tolerated well. Major side effects of sertraline use include serotonin syndrome, increased risk of bleeding, activation of mania / hypomania, seizures and angle closure glaucoma. Sertraline should not be used at the same time or within 14 days of stopping the use of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), pimozide or disulfiram. Antidepressants like sertraline can increase the risk of suicidal thoughts and behavior in pediatric and young adult patients. Sertraline and alcohol should not be used together. Sertraline tablets should not be used by anyone who has had a hypersensitivity or allergic reaction to the medication in the past. Questions about sertraline's side effects should be directed to one's pharmacist and medical provider before use of sertraline prescription medication.
More Sertraline Information
Last updated January 3, 2022. Given the evolving nature of medicine and science, this information might not be accurate and should not be construed as medical advice or diagnosis / treatment recommendations. Please consult a licensed medical provider if you have additional questions. Please call 911 immediately or go to the nearest emergency room if you believe you are experiencing a medical emergency. | <urn:uuid:b510cf61-96b2-4e0e-8b53-2dd3532410cf> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.pushhealth.com/drugs/sertraline | 2023-12-06T14:37:07Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100599.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20231206130723-20231206160723-00754.warc.gz | en | 0.886705 | 1,067 | [
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Posted on November 09 2023
In today's fast-paced world, where convenience and functionality are key, Condomounts introduces a game-changing solution to enhance your home entertainment experience – our innovative Pillar TV Mounts. Designed with simplicity and efficiency in mind, these mounts redefine the way you set up your television, making it a hassle-free and enjoyable process.
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Concrete, brick, drywall, metal stud, wood stud – our Pillar TV Mounts are compatible with a wide range of surfaces. No matter the type of wall or pillar you have, Condomounts has you covered. Our mounts offer the flexibility to adapt to different environments, making them suitable for both indoor and outdoor installations. Whether you're mounting your TV in the living room, patio, or garage, our Pillar TV Mounts provide a reliable solution.
In conclusion, Condomounts' Pillar TV Mounts redefine the way you approach home entertainment setups. With an emphasis on simplicity, durability, and flexibility, our mounts offer a hassle-free solution for mounting your TV securely. Say goodbye to complicated installations and hello to effortless, enjoyable viewing experiences.
Upgrade your space with Condomounts' Pillar TV Mounts today and experience the difference. Transform your home entertainment setup into a streamlined, stylish, and functional focal point – because you deserve the best. | <urn:uuid:efb4a954-af3e-4ebd-9a72-76358fcb93f4> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://condomounts.com/blogs/blog/simplify-your-space-the-wonders-of-pillar-tv-mounts-by-condomounts | 2023-12-07T20:42:31Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100686.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20231207185656-20231207215656-00654.warc.gz | en | 0.916963 | 703 | [
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Reforms in Africa’s security sector require leaders with vision and the ability to persevere against inevitable resistance. Vignettes of African leaders who championed reforms demonstrate how these actions advance stability and increase public trust.
Frene Ginwala Shapes a New Order
Dr. Frene Ginwala is a stalwart of the African National Congress (ANC) who helped establish, build, and grow the ANC while she was in exile during the last 30 years of South Africa’s apartheid era. On her return home in 1991, Nelson Mandela asked Ginwala to represent the ANC in the Convention for a Democratic South Africa (CODESA), the body that negotiated the South African constitution. Joined by fellow party loyalists Govan Mbeki, Walter Sisulu, and others, Ginwala spearheaded a constitution-making process that was groundbreaking for its time. She championed a participatory approach that fostered broad ownership from groups outside the dominant ANC and instilled new norms of inclusion, consultation, and compromise in the institutions that would emerge from the CODESA process.
In 1992, Ginwala founded the Women’s National Coalition, a group of 100 community organizations that drew women and other marginalized groups into the constitutional negotiations. This coalition undertook a two-year consultative process involving public seminars and workshops that collected 3 million petitions from ordinary citizens on key issues under negotiation at CODESA, such as the constitutional framework, bill of rights, affirmative action, the electoral system, and checks and balances. Under Ginwala’s stewardship, the Women’s National Coalition also organized special consultations that brought security sector issues into the public debate for the first time in South Africa. The emphasis on citizen security that emerged from these discussion became the cornerstone of post-apartheid South Africa’s national security strategy. Ginwala credits the women’s movement for its ability to “link the struggle for national independence and security to the struggle for social equality and justice.”
The Constituent Assembly, the body tasked with drafting the final constitution, followed the Women’s National Coalition’s lead by embarking on a massive outreach program to incorporate citizen’s views into the draft constitution. More than 2 million submissions were received through a process involving more than 1,000 workshops attended by 20,549 people and 717 community-based organizations. Such high levels of participation gave the process considerable local ownership and legitimacy. In reflecting on the lessons of CODESA, Ginwala said, “We needed to undertake a project to inculcate new values in our society. It was not enough to include these values in our constitution. They need to be promoted throughout society.” This was ultimately the best way of ensuring that institutional reforms would emerge not as partisan creations of the ANC, but in service of all South Africans.
“We needed to undertake a project to inculcate new values in our society. It was not enough to include these values in our constitution.”
As a CODESA delegate, Ginwala also negotiated a new electoral model combining majority and minority representation. In 1994, Mandela asked her to take the helm as the first Speaker of the post-apartheid National Assembly. Under her watch, Parliament became a highly respected and independent institution, in spite of her party’s majority.
On some issues, parliament was at odds with the executive branch. Each time there was a disagreement, however, Mandela encouraged her to preserve the legislature’s independence. “Run parliament the way we ran CODESA,” he advised her. She took that guidance and created a participatory and consultative policymaking process that set the South African parliament apart. The parliamentary process required the executive branch to issue a Green Paper reflecting its views on new policy positions.
The paper would then be subjected to extensive public consultations with the media, civil society, community-based organizations, and other interested parties. The resulting document, known as a White Paper, would then be subjected to parliamentary scrutiny and sent back to the executive for refinement.
Ginwala used this process to steer the 1996 White Paper on National Defense and the 1998 White Paper on South African Participation in International Peace Missions—among the most participatory national security development processes in Africa—which enshrined civilian control, human security, and gender equality in South Africa’s new security doctrine.
Thuli Madonsela Picks up the Baton
Thuli Madonsela belongs to the generation that picked up the baton of leadership from Ginwala and her colleagues. A member of the ANC since her teenage years, she honed her leadership skills at CODESA, where she participated in drafting the final constitution. She was then deployed to the Law Reform Commission where she played a key role in drafting new laws reflecting the values, norms, and institutional architecture that grew out of CODESA. But it was Madonsela’s role as Public Protector from 2009 to 2016 that earned her national and international acclaim.
Established to investigate abuses of state power and order remedies, the role of the Public Protector was thrust in the spotlight in November 2012 when Madonsela opened investigations into luxury upgrades at President Jacob Zuma’s private residence. Her groundbreaking report, Secure in Comfort, found that Zuma benefited unduly from the renovation and ordered him to return some of the money spent on the construction. Madonsela’s willingness to lead this probe was a demonstration of her courage and commitment to ethical leadership given the retribution she ultimately suffered from her fellow party members and leaders.
Several efforts to block the report were overruled by lower courts. A separate parliamentary probe that exonerated Zuma was deemed illegal by the Constitutional Court on the basis that the findings of the Public Prosecutor—an office established through Ginwala’s efforts—were legally binding.
Madonsela’s next investigation came at the request of members of the public. The resulting report, State Capture, detailed extensive corruption and racketeering involving, among others, the Gupta family—wealthy Indian immigrants with close ties to Zuma. The report ordered the presidency to appoint an independent inquiry headed by a judge assigned by the Chief Justice. The government again challenged the Public Prosecutor’s proscriptions. (The judgment on its challenge is currently pending.)
Madonsela later noted how the Zuma administration differed from the Mandela years, saying that the former president “gladly submit[ted] his administration to the scrutiny of checks and balances, such as the courts and institutions supporting democracy, when its actions came into question.”
Time and again, Madonsela saw the power of accountability on South African society. She recalls one case where an elderly citizen had for decades been owed money by a local government. “We investigated and eventually he got his money. … He was so happy that … he went around telling everyone to go to the Public Protector because the system works.” Reflecting on many similar cases, Madonsela notes, “With accountability there is an opportunity for healing. … People are so forgiving. … They just want accountability and remedial measures when they have been wronged.”
“It is a reminder of the painful past and what it is that took us to the heart of the beast during apartheid … and what we need to do to ensure that never again do we live in a country where abuse of power and entrenched injustice creates such a huge trust deficit between the state and its people such that there is unrest, loss of life and despair,” she said.
Julia Sebutinde’s Quest to Tame a Feared Security Sector
Julia Sebutinde is an acclaimed Ugandan judge and international jurist known in Uganda as “Lady Justice,” “Probe Queen,” and “Iron Lady” for taking on the once-feared security services in a country that was still recovering from more than three decades of civil war and massive state-sponsored violence. She led three groundbreaking investigations into the Ugandan police, army, and revenue authority in 1999, 2002 and 2003—leading to mass sackings of officials and a series of reforms. Sebutinde went on to serve on the Special Court for Sierra Leone in 2005. In 2012, she became the first African woman to serve on the International Court of Justice.
In 1999, Ugandan President Yoweri Museveni tapped her to lead the first major investigation into the police. Ugandans had participated in a consultative process leading to the adoption of a new constitution in 1995. However, corruption in the Ugandan security sector was beginning to sap public confidence in the reforms that emerged from the constitutional negotiations. Sebutinde faced an uphill task. “People were not used to seeing public officials account for anything,” she said. A member of her team noted, “The police was an absolute nuisance and untouchable. … People thought it was a waste of time.”
Winning the public’s confidence was therefore key given the growing trust deficit and the public’s deep fear of security institutions. And so Sebutinde toured the country listening to complaints and then launched public hearings—a first for Uganda. Sebutinde’s final report described the police as a “mafia-type organization” that preyed on and was unaccountable to Ugandans. One key recommendation saw the creation of a unit to develop professional standards across the police force. Human rights and service delivery were introduced in the training curriculum, and all police stations were subjected to spot checks by the Human Rights Commission. Community policing was also adopted to restore confidence and trust.
Not all the police reforms proposed in the report were implemented, however. Moreover, the full probe into corruption in the army was not made public. Fifteen years later, questions are still raised about the behavior of the police, with many calling for the full implementation of the Sebutinde recommendations—evidence that the probes set a new standard for a more accountable security sector in Uganda. For ordinary citizens, the sight of a civilian taking senior police officials to task over maladministration and graft provided hope that they were in a new era where the security sector would serve the public, not vice versa.
Ginwala, Madonsela, and Sebutinde are all profiles in leadership. Ginwala fostered public ownership in new institutions through inclusiveness and participation. Madonsela jealously guarded those institutions in the current era, even under tremendous pressure from powerbrokers in the ruling party. Sebutinde convinced skeptical and fearful citizens of their ability to tame the dreaded security forces. All of these leaders understood that when trust between the government and citizens breaks down, the seeds of unrest are sown. They also knew that if their work was going to outlive them, they would need to set new standards and expectations that could be championed by reformers that followed. Indeed, leaders who leave behind strong, inclusive, and effective institutions wield great influence and enjoy the respect of their nations long after they leave office.
- Paul Nantulya, “Wisdom from Africa on Ethical Leadership,” Africa Center for Strategic Studies, Spotlight, May 9, 2017.
- Blair Glencorse and Lawrence Yealue, “Five Leaders Exposing Corruption and Bringing Hope to Africa,” World Economic Forum on Africa, May 3, 2017.
- Paul Nantulya, “When Ethics Avert a Crisis: Two Cases from Africa,” Africa Center for Strategic Studies, Spotlight, October 26, 2016.
- News 24 Frontline, “In Conversation with Thuli Madonsela,” video interview, October 12, 2016.
- Oluwakemi Okenyodo, “Governance, Accountability, and Security in Nigeria,” Africa Security Brief No. 31, Africa Center for Strategic Studies, June 20, 2016.
- Africa Center for Strategic Studies, “When Military Leaders Do the Right Thing,” Spotlight, October 28, 2015.
- Emile Ouédraogo, “Advancing Military Professionalism in Africa” Research Paper No. 6, Africa Center for Strategic Studies, July 31, 2015.
- Institute for Cultural Diplomacy, “An Interview with Julia Sebutinde,” video interview, November 25, 2014.
- Sanam Naraghi Anderlini and Camille Pampell Conaway, “Negotiating the Transition to Democracy and Reforming the Security Sector: The Vital Contributions of South African Women,” Women Waging Peace, August 2004.
- George W. Bush Institute, “Frene Ginwala Collection,” collection of video interviews. | <urn:uuid:5a12bf28-6c9d-42c0-a468-eae987b1c022> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://africacenter.org/spotlight/ethical-african-leaders-champion-reforms-set-new-standards/ | 2023-12-09T01:38:59Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100781.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20231209004202-20231209034202-00554.warc.gz | en | 0.958404 | 2,654 | [
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Pictured: Kickstand's new cocktail menu.
Below are a few restaurant updates and specials. Stay tuned for a list of which restaurants are doing takeout, which are doing dine-in, and which are still closed. Cheers!
Here are a few updates from local eateries and wineries. Let me know what I missed!
Viento Winery is open for tasting this weekend. Call ahead for seating.
Mt Hood Winery opened yesterday.
It's seafood night Riverside (Seafood Risotto, Calamari Diavolo, and more). See Riverside's Facebook page for the menu.
The soup of the day at River Daze Cafe is clam chowder.
at Boda's Kitchen it's Celery Root Puree
At Grateful Vineyard, you can get a bottle of wine, a pizza, and two salads for $59.
Stave & Stone Winery is open at its vineyard location this weekend 12-6.
Kin doesn't have its menu up on its website, but last time we called, it was open and using the menu posted May 7 on its Instagram.
Since it's Friday, Solstice Mobile Pizza & Catering is open in the Heights serving soft serve, slices, salads, and whole pies (1503 12th St.).
Packer Orchards is busy delivering deliveries today (and I'm about to be the proud owner of a pot pie and some chocolate chip cookies); it's also open for shopping at the bakery (not the farm place) 3900 Highway 35. Today it's open until 5.
Double Mountain Brewery & Cidery was open briefly yesterday for eat-in but has switched back to takeout only for the weekend.
pFriem Family Brewers is still closed for food so no one can get their poutine fix. But beer is available for curbside so we can drown our poutine-less sorrows in something.
Full Sail Brewing Company is teasing us by leaving their doors open while they work on the brewery equipment outside. They're not open yet.
...and that's the news friends. Happy Friday!
-Hood River Eats aka Melissa Haskin
Fact: I've been avoiding Good News Gardening because with the recent warm, sunny weather and that little thing called a "pandemic," I kind of figured that gardening stores would be like grocery stores that first weekend of COVID-19 when the stay-at-home order came out the same weekend we got snow. If you were at Safeway, you know what I'm talking about.
I was particularly worried because I saw headlines like "U.S. reels toward meat shortage; world may be next," and "Fearing Shortages, People Are Planting More Vegetable Gardens."
Yet, as of Friday, Good News Gardening was well-stocked with veggie, fruit, and herb starts.
El Cuate (the red food truck in the Hood River News parking lot) recently opened, after being closed for 6 weeks. El Cuate is typically open for lunch and into the afternoon, closing before dinner hours.
Want to eat at Romul's, but without the $$$$ price tag? It's possible! You could either order from the kids menu, or do the cooler thing and order the family-style meal. For $35, you get salad, bread, and a main dish. Romul's says it's for a family of four. I found that it fed 3 comfortably, but I could just be a super hungry human or have no self-control ¯\_(ツ)_/¯.
News time! The Solstice Mobile Pizza Kitchen has set up shop in the Heights. Look for it near the hot tub store, in that empty lot where Christmas trees are sold in winter.
Deal Alert: Andrew's Pizza is offering $6 growler refills with the purchase of a pizza (and $10 fills with a growler or $8 fills with the purchase of a large pizza). As of last night, the deal was still good and will continue until the kegs are kicked. When will the kegs kick? I don't know! I'd order today or tomorrow. Kegs that need to be kicked: Thunder Island Remember the Forest, Worthy Hazy IPA, Full Sail Sessions, Breakside Pilsner, Sunriver Hefe, Mirror Pond Pale Ale, Oakshire Espresso Stout, 10 Barrel Snake Run, Migration Hazy IPA , Full Sail Sessions, 2 Towns Easy Squeezy, Elysian Imperial Stout.
Note: since they're kicking kegs, availability may be limited and run out at some point. Enjoy your beer!
Andrews Pizza, Delivery: 541.386.1448, www.skylighttheater.com,107 Oak Street, Hood River, OR 97031
Here are a few local food-related Mother's Day specials.
Riverside has a few Mother's Day specials including a lobster roll, a salmon dinner, braised beef gnocchi, and cheesecake. Find the full menu here: http://riversidehoodriver.com/ Note that right now, the link for the Mother's Day menu actually reads "Easter Menu." Order via phone 2-4 today (Saturday) or tomorrow (Sunday) after 10 a.m.
Here in Hood River, we have an abundance of local farms. A perk of having these farms is that you can sign up for a CSA, basically you can sign up to have a farm set aside a basket of fruits/veggies for you once a week, once every other week, or even once a month, depending on the farm. Some farms let you pick what fruits/veggies you want. The CSA I'm a member of delivers right to my door every other week for a ~$5 delivery fee, so I can be super lazy and let my veggies come to me! Likewise, some farms charge per basket and others ask you to pay for a season worth of veggies/fruits/etc.
Hungry? There's help. If you have lost your job or are below a certain income, you can apply for food stamps. If approved, you get a debit card that you can use at grocery stores like Safeway, Rosauers, Harvest Market and farmer's markets.
We also have a lot of wonderful local food resources. Fish Food Bank is operating on reduced hours. The staff is always very friendly. | <urn:uuid:b1b3b958-498d-4b89-b9c6-38e71df1711b> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.hoodrivereats.com/home/archives/05-2020 | 2023-12-09T01:04:04Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100781.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20231209004202-20231209034202-00554.warc.gz | en | 0.953896 | 1,338 | [
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FibroWise Tea is a specialized herbal blend designed to support women experiencing uterine fibroids. Our tea combines traditional knowledge and natural ingredients to offer a comforting, supportive beverage for your wellness routine.
Uterine Fibroid Support: Specially formulated to assist with the management of uterine fibroids.
Natural Ingredients: A blend of herbs known for their supportive properties in women's reproductive health.
Easy to Prepare: Simple steeping process for a soothing cup of tea.
Dandelion Root & Leaf (Taraxacum officinale): Traditionally used for its supportive properties in managing uterine fibroids.
Ginger (Zingiber officinale): Known for its anti-inflammatory properties.
Raspberry Leaf (Rubus idaeus): Valued for its uterine supporting benefits.
Wild Yam (Dioscorea villosa): Often used to help balance hormones.
Burdock (Arctium lappa): Aids in detoxification and hormonal balance.
Cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum or Cinnamomum cassia): Adds a warming, comforting flavor and supports circulatory health.
Black Cohosh (Actaea racemosa or Cimicifuga racemosa): Known for its benefits in women's reproductive health.
Spearmint (Mentha spicata): Provides a refreshing flavor and aids digestion.
Drink 1 cup of tea twice per day, hot or cold, to support your wellness journey.
How to Steep the Tea: Bring 1 cup of water to a boil, then remove from heat. Place 2 teaspoons of the loose tea in the hot water. Cover and steep for 15-20 minutes. Strain tea into a mug, drink, and enjoy!
Please consult with your doctor before using this product if you have a medical condition or are taking pharmaceutical drugs.
Packaging Size: 5 oz (142g)
Avoid use during pregnancy or nursing.
Contains scientifically validated ingredients
Safe for pre-conception use
Ensured for quality and potency
GMP Certified Manufacturing
Made in the USA
Free of Artificial Colors, Flavors, and Preservatives
Made with Organic Ingredients when available
Join the Journey to Wellness Discover the natural power of FibroWise Tea in your daily routine and embrace a holistic approach to managing uterine fibroids. | <urn:uuid:ec52104f-0a39-4c17-8e71-3b387014b486> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.naturalfertilityshop.com/products/fibrowise-tea | 2023-12-09T01:07:33Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100781.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20231209004202-20231209034202-00554.warc.gz | en | 0.849154 | 491 | [
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Keaton grew up in the construction industry. His stepfather owned a construction company and Keaton was always on one site or another as a kid. After college he went back to construction, working first on commercial projects then building luxury beach houses in his hometown of Galveston, TX. After going back to school, Keaton joined DND where he got the chance to supplement his construction knowledge with experience in remediation and large-scale project management in the wake of Hurricane Harvey. Since then, he has had the chance to work on a variety of projects all over the country. Keaton has gained experience working in the insurance industry, working on initial claims estimation and appraisals. He has bolstered his restoration knowledge with both practical experience and industry certifications. Keaton is constantly looking for ways to excel at his work and incorporate new technologies into the industry. He has
experience in 3D mapping of both loss sites and new construction sites using Matterport and recently acquired an FAA licensed to fly commercial drones for inspections. | <urn:uuid:5d7996e0-fbc2-4752-a89f-34e1386c0325> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://dnd-cs.com/directory_listings/keaton-richter/ | 2023-12-11T13:34:16Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679511159.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20231211112008-20231211142008-00354.warc.gz | en | 0.978215 | 207 | [
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Outspoken NBA star Enes Kanter Freedom appeared on “The Ingraham Angle” on Thursday night, where he directed some sharp criticism toward Yao Ming, a former NBA star from China who played for the Houston Rockets until retiring in 2009.
Freedom, 29, born in Switzerland to Turkish parents, plays for the Boston Celtics after stints with several other NBA teams. He described Yao as a “puppet” of China’s government, accusing him of being unwilling to speak out about China’s human rights abuses ahead of the Winter Olympics in Beijing, which got underway this week.
Freedom, meanwhile, recently added his new last name as part of his continuing efforts to draw attention to important global issues.
ENES KANTER FREEDOM: He’s big body, small heart and tiny brain.
Actually, he invited me over to China … and wanted me to visit and I was like, ‘OK.’ I was actually considering going.
But unfortunately, he is a puppet of China. Actually, like a little kid he blocked me on Instagram and just didn’t respond because I wanted to go visit the concentration camps and I wanted to visit Hong Kong and Tibet … and we were done with China I wanted to take him to Taiwan but obviously he was too scared to answer me.
But it’s just a shame. It just shows one more time that what kind of puppet he is and what kind of dictatorship is happening in China. It just clearly shows the while world. | <urn:uuid:1110c6f0-d55a-4289-a534-1432b8273210> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://lauraingraham.com/enes-kanter-freedom-slams-yao-ming-hes-a-china-puppet/ | 2023-12-11T13:03:11Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679511159.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20231211112008-20231211142008-00354.warc.gz | en | 0.981321 | 316 | [
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Hall of Fame Member
Because it doesn't have a thread yet
Compulsive finals watcher, me. Entire extended family is a bit football-mad too.What the **** are you doing in a footy thread?
Glad to have you here of course
Assuming you're watching on sbs? But yeah, it had a bit of a heart attack and was displaying an error message just before the goal, and the picture has since lost clarity and is defs not in sync with the audio.Not surprised, that was about the third time they'd picked apart the Italian defence
ps. anyone in aus find that the video feed is on a slight delay?
Platini is great, I look forwards to Euro 2020 when we have our first group game in Oslo and the second in Tel-AvivWell, Platini said they did a great job before this match, so now they've actually influnced one decision, I reckon he'll be organizing a ticker-tape parade.
With the second being against Palestine with an Iranian refPlatini is great, I look forwards to Euro 2020 when we have our first group game in Oslo and the second in Tel-Aviv | <urn:uuid:43a9672a-9a01-4e4b-af96-b11213b06050> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | http://www.cricketweb.net/forum/threads/the-final.57247/#post-2873814 | 2023-11-29T12:22:28Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100081.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20231129105306-20231129135306-00554.warc.gz | en | 0.974443 | 247 | [
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This manufactured raised ranch-style home has three bedrooms and two…
1024 S. Pennsylvania Ave. Wellston, Ohio 45692
Just over 25 acres of wooded wonderland with PUBLIC WATER and SEWER! at the road, this location is a prime spot for anyone looking for desirable, rural land. Featuring an abundance of trees covering the entire property, you are sure to feel the privacy this land has to offer. Even, with all the coverage, there is a perfect location for a homesite if one chooses to use the land for that purpose. Don’t miss out on what this property has to offer. Did I mention that it has access to public water and SEWER? at the road (according to the Village of Coolville).
THIS WEBSITE IS SUBJECT TO ERRORS, OMISSIONS OR REVISIONS AND NOT WARRANTED. | <urn:uuid:9265d770-5d16-4e7e-b45f-a73ee2ecded3> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://donnasummersrealty.com/property/seminary-street-coolville/ | 2023-11-29T11:25:06Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100081.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20231129105306-20231129135306-00554.warc.gz | en | 0.936615 | 179 | [
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Firefox Push Notifications
Reach your customers instantly with the only browser committed to privacy, security, and
Firefox Push Notifications is a powerful way for websites to deliver real-time updates and information to their users, even when they are not actively browsing on the website. With Firefox Push Notifications, you can send notifications directly to the mobile and desktop devices, enabling timely communication and engagement.
Another advantage for businesses is the versatility. Firefox Push Notifications are supported on all major OS’s, including Windows, macOS, Linux, Android, and MacOS. They work across desktop and mobile devices, allowing you to reach a wide range of users regardless of their preferred operating system.
By delivering timely and relevant content, your business can leverage Firefox Push Notifications to build stronger customer relationships, drive conversions, and enhance overall business success.
To keep in mind:
– Firefox push notifications only work on SSL sites (HTTPS)
Benefits of Firefox Push Notifications
Firefox Push Notifications enable businesses to engage with their website visitors even when they are not actively browsing the site. By sending timely and relevant notifications, businesses can capture users’ attention, drive repeat visits, and increase overall engagement with their brand.
Customization and Control
Firefox offers extensive customization options, allowing users to personalize their browsing experience. Users can choose from a wide range of themes and add-ons to modify the browser’s appearance and functionality. Additionally, Firefox provides granular control over privacy settings, notifications, permissions, and more, empowering users to tailor their browsing preferences to their liking.
Firefox is available on multiple platforms, including desktop (Windows, macOS, Linux) and mobile (Android, iOS). This allows users to have a consistent browsing experience across their devices, with synchronised bookmarks, history, and preferences. Firefox’s compatibility ensures flexibility and convenience for users who switch between different operating systems.
Usage – How to Send Push Notifications in Firefox
1. Send native opt-in box to your visitors.
Ask your visitors’ permission to send them Firefox push notifications
2. Create your push notification
Create your notification sentence and add an image. They will see the Firefox logo on the left side of the notification
Drive Visits in real-time & through multi-device
History of Firefox push notifications
Frequently Asked Questions About Firefox Push Notifications
- Can my users receive push notifications on Firefox if they didn’t opt-in?
Users must opt-in to receive messages from you, meaning they must give explicit permission to receive messages from you before they can start receiving them.
- Can I ask them to opt-in more than one time on Firefox?
Asking users to opt-in more than once is not allowed as it creates a negative user experience and is considered spammy.
- Are Firefox push notifications the same as push notifications?
While normal push notifications, such as those you see from news pages, only convey information, web push notifications offer more. They incorporate data layering and AI to provide relevant messages at each stage of the purchase funnel, despite having similar functionalities and appearance.
- Are Firebox push notifications available for iOS users?
Unfortunately, Firefox push notifications are not currently available for iOS users completely. For the time being, they work on Safari, but it is expected to be released for iOS users in the future.
- Can I unsend a Firefox push notification after publishing it?
Once a web push notification has been published, it cannot be unsent. This is because the notification has already been sent to the user’s device.
- Can I add images to Firefox push notifications and add custom CTA?
Currently, Firefox push notifications does not support a banner image or custom action buttons like Google Chrome Push notifications and Edge. | <urn:uuid:1107031f-4902-4713-819c-e5d0b0d79530> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://frizbit.com/firefox-push-notifications/ | 2023-11-30T18:11:58Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00454.warc.gz | en | 0.885454 | 785 | [
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From Dr. Wenker…
Did you know that… Copaiba essential oil has shown to have many beneficial health effects!
A lesser known but scientifically well documented activity of Copaiba essential oil is its effect against bacteria or other infection-causing agents such as fungi. Several studies looked at the mechanism by which Copaiba is able to inhibit bacterial growth and they found that this essential oil can dissolve or severely damage some of the bacterial cell wall as it also does with the membranes of some parasites such as Leishmania.
The studies showed that Copaiba essential oils displayed activity against a wide variety of gram positive and negative bacteria, among them the bad staphylococcus aureus.
The picture shows intact colonies of staph aureus and below they way these colonies look after they got in contact with the essential oil. The typical grape-like structures start to disintegrate due to cell wall destruction causing the bacteria ultimately to die. It has been suggested that Copaiba should be used as an adjunct to wound healing.
In fact, the very first reports about Copaiba date back to 1625 when a Portuguese monk traveling with the Spaniards into the New World (South America) observed that animals with injuries rubbed themselves against Copaiba trees and that the natives used parts of the trees to support wound healing.
It is therefore no surprise that Copaiba has been found to be significantly effective in wound healing but also against acne, a skin condition which is made worse by bacterial super-infection.
Stay tuned for more information about this wonderful essential oil! | <urn:uuid:438c73fe-0f57-421a-abfc-22f76768051b> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://fullerlife.com/2016/06/19/dr-olivier-wenker-talking-about-copaiba/ | 2023-11-30T17:56:19Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00454.warc.gz | en | 0.96734 | 324 | [
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The global market in drone-powered solutions for the power and utilities industries is worth as much as US$9.46 billion a year, PwC estimates in a new report that illustrates how creative uses of unmanned aerial vehicles are disrupting the way companies build, operate and maintain their networks.
A flamethrowing drone used to clear rubbish from power lines is one of the more dramatic examples of innovative uses for unmanned aerial vehicles found in ‘Clarity from above: Leveraging drone technologies to secure utilities systems’, from PwC’s global Drone Powered Solutions team. More prosaic applications range from geospatial surveys in pre-investment planning, through monitoring of the construction process and managing assets, to proactively dealing with threats such as overgrown vegetation.
Global power transmission networks are forecast to increase to 6.8 million circuit kilometres in 2020, up 15% from the 2016 level, as energy production is reshaped by the rise of renewables, and demand grows in emerging markets such as China and India. Regulators are increasingly concerned about reliability, offering incentives to reduce outages and penalties for downtime. Every year the sector loses US$169 billion due to energy network failures and forced shutdowns.
“The power and utilities sector faces numerous new challenges as it stands on the threshold of a digital revolution,” said Drone Powered Solutions Partner Michał Mazur. “Pressure to shift to renewables from fossil fuels, while reducing prices, is forcing companies to look for new ways to stay profitable. As companies reinvent their business models, drones are helping increase the reliability of energy production, transmission and distribution.”
The latest report in PwC’s ‘Clarity from above’ series includes stories of how creative utilities managers around the world are turning to drones to solve some of the industry’s most intractable problems, increasing both reliability and worker safety. For example, in most countries monitoring vegetation growth and trimming trees near power lines is the single biggest maintenance cost for power companies. Drones can make the trimming process more efficient, as well as providing data that helps predict and avoid damage from falling trees.
“Applying drone technologies to capture a variety of data on power plants, electrical substations or power lines is becoming a change driver for the entire power and utilities industry,” said Massimo Pellegrino, a PwC partner who contributed to the report. “Not only can drones gather standardised, tangible data in a more efficient way than people located on the ground, but also, unlike manned aerial vehicles, they can do it without risking human life.”
Water utilities are also finding that drones can be more useful than satellites in the process of monitoring water quality. PwC’s Geospatial.App software allows the integration, presentation and management of mapping data gathered by drones equipped with visual, infrared and other cameras, which is useful in areas including monitoring the process of infrastructure construction, tracking the need for maintenance and assessing damage after natural or man-made disasters.
Today’s report is the third in the ‘Clarity from above’ series. The first, released in May 2016, looked at the overall global market for applications of drone technology, estimating its value at more than $127 billion. The second report found a US$45 billion market for applications in the transport infrastructure sector.
“To remain competitive on the market, and stay current in the changing business ecosystem which is being challenged by new technologies, companies from the power and utilities sector need to broaden their horizons,” said Norbert Schwieters, PwC’s Global Power and Utilities Leader. “They need to perceive new technologies, such as drones, as opportunities to increase effectiveness, reduce costs and improve internal processes.” | <urn:uuid:32c4897a-2a9e-45f5-bdd4-bfc08fe47159> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://internationalfinance.com/company/pwc-sees-us9-46-billion-drone-solutions-market-power-utilities-industries/ | 2023-11-30T17:08:18Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00454.warc.gz | en | 0.944368 | 784 | [
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I thought it wise to create a new series for the NSX-T 3.0 Federation configuration so that it doesn’t get lost in the general lab guides.
Since the configuration of Federation and it’s components differs slightly from the single site setup it only makes sense to split it.
I’ll be configuring NSX-T 3.0 Federation from the initial deployment through to full site configurations Tier-0, Tier-1, Micro Segmentation and all.
For an overview of what Federation is please see my post NSX-T 3.0 Multisite vs Federation
Listed below are the posts in this series so far.
- Part 1 NSX-T 3.0 Lab Federation: Lab Setup
- Part 2 NSX-T 3.0 Lab Federation: Global Manager OVA Deployment-Federation
- Part 3 NSX-T 3.0 Lab Federation: Global Manager & Locations Setup
- Part 4 NSX-T 3.0 Lab: Federation RTEP Configuration
- Part 5 NSX-T 3.0 Lab: Federation Tier-0
- Part 6 NSX-T 3.0 Lab: Federation Tier-1 | <urn:uuid:e3e5562b-a54f-4566-b571-beab901dc697> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://vdives.com/2020/05/14/nsx-t-lab-3-0-federation-series/ | 2023-11-30T18:33:18Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00454.warc.gz | en | 0.753784 | 247 | [
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Rising Building Costs and Insurance Coverage: What You Can Do About It
The Wall Street Journal reported that homeowners in Colorado whose homes were destroyed in wildfires may face shortfalls of insurance coverage caused by the rising costs of building materials and labor shortages. Unfortunately, this problem is not just limited to Colorado. Faced with rising costs of construction, what can the average policyholder do?
Initially, many, if not all, property insurers estimate property losses with the aid of software and generic regional price sheets. For example, the claims adjuster will input the measurements of a building and the software will calculate, based upon generic prices, the cost of e.g., painting, drywall, flooring, etc. However, this pricing will almost certainly not reflect the current pricing environment. As a practical matter, it may be necessary for you to present the insurer with an actual construction estimate from a builder, which will more accurately reflect today’s high building and labor costs.
In the same vein, homeowner’s policies and business property policies also contain “time element” coverages, such as loss of use, loss of rental income, and business interruption coverages. In the current climate, however, problems may arise here too. For example, these types of coverages are often limited to the time period during which the insurance company deems reasonable for the repairs to be made—what is called the “period of restoration”, which may or may not reflect the current reality of lengthy construction delays. Again, the inputs of an experienced builder or consultant may be helpful in pushing back against the insurer’s time estimate and establishing a longer “period of restoration” that more accurately reflects the current reality.
Additionally, some “time element” coverages depend in large degree on a projection of future profits/rental income based upon past revenues and expenses. However, in many cases, the past few years have been anomalous for many businesses and may not accurately reflect the business’ current trajectory. Such types of disputes often involve accountants and other types of experts.
If you think that your insurance company is attempting to shortchange you or your business, you may need the assistance of a coverage attorney. At Belluck & Fox, we can help you navigate disputes with your insurance company and get the full value of the insurance coverage you paid for. As many insurance policies limit the time in which an insured may bring suit to dispute coverage, please call us today for a free consultation. | <urn:uuid:56314d28-abaf-4e60-ad7b-32c9bbb2ca4c> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.belluckfox.com/rising-building-costs-and-insurance-coverage-what-you-can-do-about-it-2/ | 2023-11-30T18:00:41Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00454.warc.gz | en | 0.951304 | 510 | [
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Online gambling first appeared on the net in the mid 1990s. In 1994 Microgaming software was founded and still gets the corner market today in many of the web casinos. Microgaming is chip program that runs the many machines found in land and online casinos. There is some debate as to who was simply the first casino to pop up on the internet and most would say InterCasino first of all appeared in 1996. However; there are others who claim that Microgaming’s Gaming Club was the first online in 1995.
From the initial casino to go live on the internet, casinos continue to improve their operations online and tweak the program, servers and connections that focus on the players on the internet. slot gacor Irrespective of slow bandwidth causing connection complications for the players, the still raked in an estimated $834 million in 1998.
Intertops was the initial online sports-book to appear in 1996; however they have been in operation long before that by taking phone bets since 1983. Intertops continues to be going strong nowadays and is satisfying over 180 countries with their service.
Online poker first sprang up in the beginning of 1998 and was initially facilitated by Planet Poker. Using fit was Paradise Poker in 1999, Party Poker and Poker Celebrities in 2001. Planet Poker continues to be in operation; however they no longer allow real money to exchange hands. By 2008 Get together Poker had lost the head in the market to Poker Stars and Total Tilt Poker, estimated by the amount of players online.
The popularity of online gambling does not appear to be decreasing since its birth. With state of the art technology, online casinos find a way of offering real time play and instant spin ability, thus satisfying all sectors of the gambling marketplace and increasing revenue. The internet casino software available today is not only advanced for the players utmost enjoyment but is totally secure.
In 2010 2010 the online gambling industry grew by 12.5% with gross revenues of near $29.95 billion, regardless of the perceived recession. The web casino sector grew an estimated 13.3% this year 2010 and brought in around $2.67 billion. The most money adding to the gambling earnings online is generated by athletics betting at about $12 billion.
Online bingo stole the business lead in being the fastest developing sector for 2010 2010, estimated at 28.4% expansion also to the tune of $2.67 billion. Although poker may be the most talked about, it had been deemed the slowest growing on the net gambling market which generated about $5 million.
In 2006 many of the online gambling companies didn’t allow USA players spend cash in their establishments anymore due to the uncertainty regarding regulations of offshore gambling, following the passing of the Unlawful Net Gambling Enforcement Act. There is an excellent debate regarding different states which were legally able to gamble and the ones who were not. Many of the casinos revised their guidelines regarding USA play after that and now the majority of online gambling establishments will again accept USA players. | <urn:uuid:c79d41d0-9ee9-4f92-8a08-410a1d760a3e> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://bestadvertisingsites.com/a-surprising-tool-to-help-you-online-gambling/ | 2023-12-01T23:22:25Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100308.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20231201215122-20231202005122-00354.warc.gz | en | 0.964601 | 607 | [
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Mouledoux, Bland, Legrand & Brackett is pleased to announce that member Alan G. Brackett has been selected by his peers for inclusion in The Best Lawyers in America© 2018 for New Orleans, Louisiana for Admiralty and Maritime Law. Congratulations, Alan!
The Best Lawyers in America© Methodology
Since it was first published in 1983, Best Lawyers® has become universally regarded as the definitive guide to legal excellence. Best Lawyers lists are compiled based on an exhaustive peer-review evaluation. Over 79,000 leading attorneys globally are eligible to vote, and we have received more than 12 million votes to date on the legal abilities of other lawyers based on their specific practice areas around the world. For the 2016 Edition of The Best Lawyers in America©, 6.7 million votes were analyzed, which resulted in more than 55,000 leading lawyers being included in the new edition. Lawyers are not required or allowed to pay a fee to be listed; therefore inclusion in Best Lawyers is considered a singular honor. Corporate Counsel magazine has called Best Lawyers “the most respected referral list of attorneys in practice.” | <urn:uuid:ef5067e3-4545-459c-8601-c3de9b183c37> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://mblb.com/firm-news/alan-g-brackett-included-in-best-lawyers-2018/ | 2023-12-01T23:58:12Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100308.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20231201215122-20231202005122-00354.warc.gz | en | 0.979052 | 227 | [
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66 x 240cm, 80cmx150cm, 120cm x 170cm (4ft x 5ft 6'), 160cm x 230cm (5ft 3' x 7ft 6')
Brown and Cream Dashed Waves – Boston
€35.00 – €90.00
The NEW Boston Range Boasts a Modern Geometric Pattern in a Range of Popular Colours and Styles.
This Collection is available in 4 Different Sizes including a Runner.
80x150cm / 1120x170cm/ 160x230cm
As seen on our Instagram and Facebook Pages! | <urn:uuid:10c16add-2856-4be6-a59f-ba22f7d5d17b> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://hogartysdirect.ie/product/brown-and-cream-dashed-waves-boston/ | 2023-12-04T10:37:49Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100527.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20231204083733-20231204113733-00154.warc.gz | en | 0.691558 | 120 | [
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Founded in 2011, Meridian Australia specialises in property investment within the Australian residential market, utilising a carefully formulated and extensive analysis methodology.
Our research team and robust Investor Panel, consisting of leading independent economists, utilise our comprehensive research model to identify growth locations and residential property investment opportunities.
We pride ourselves on guiding investors at all levels of their property investment journey from first-time buyers, to experienced investors, assisting through the entire property investment process.
SUBMIT A REFERRAL ONLINE
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THREE ENGAGEMENT STRATEGIES.
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Our experience with Meridian Australia has been amazing. From the get-go they have been nothing but helpful, patient and incredibly knowledgeable.
We managed to purchase 2 investment properties, and are aiming to purchase another this year.
Meridian Australia are one of the best in the field. As a family we have secured 3 properties under the guidance of Warren Jacobs.
Under Warren's exceptional guidance we were armed with all the information needed to make a decision on where and what to purchase.
I bought 2 investment properties with the assistance of Meridian Australia.
We are incredibly impressed with the outstanding service provided by Meridian Australia. Their well-researched due diligence and extensive incorporation of experts in the field reassure us that we have made excellent investment decisions.
Collective Years' Experience
Total Purchase Value | <urn:uuid:3c80ee5a-e234-4794-8e16-52647a3501d2> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.meridianaustralia.com.au/business-partner-portal | 2023-12-04T09:19:20Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100527.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20231204083733-20231204113733-00154.warc.gz | en | 0.910097 | 326 | [
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Carrot - Research
Currently, there are no clinical studies available on the external uses of carrot. However, observational and laboratory studies show that diets rich in fruits and vegetables, such as carrots, can decrease the risk of certain cancers.17,18 Ingestion of beta-carotene, a constituent of carrots, has been shown to improve vision.9 Laboratory investigations show carrot seed oil to be a muscle relaxant and vasodilator, and may potentially be heart and liver protective. Further human clinical studies comparing carrot oil with carotenoids, beta-carotene, or vitamin A are needed to support these observations.15
The Greek word for carrot, philon, comes from their word for love, and in many cultures, carrots were considered a potent aphrodisiac .4,9,10
Although both cultivated and wild carrots are used medicinally, the wild carrot is considered superior.6 Native American, Chinese, English, and Ayurvedic traditional medicine have used carrots internally and externally for many applications.3,4,6,11 These include various skin, kidney, liver, digestive, female reproductive, and blood conditions, as well as diabetes.3,4,5,6,11,12 Carrots have also been used to reduce toxins in the body and expel worms.3,6 Carrot seeds have historically been used for abortion and to promote menstruation.3,4
Carrot seed oil is used in aromatherapy for arthritis, gout, and menstrual problems as well as to improve digestion, to reduce toxins, and for liver regeneration.3,13 It has applications in revitalizing and regenerating dry, pallid skin by moistening and improving skin tone and elasticity.14 It is utilized in anti-wrinkle creams and said to deter wrinkles and skin discolorations.1,14 In combination with other aromatherapy oils, it is used to treat certain respiratory conditions.13
1 Bown D. The Herb Society of America New Encyclopedia of Herbs and Their Uses. London: Dorling Kindersley Ltd.; 2001.
2 Facciola S. Cornucopia: A Source Book of Edible Plants. Vista, CA: Kampong Publications; 1990.
3 Lawless J. The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Essential Oils: The Complete Guide to the Use of Oils in Aromatherapy and Herbalism. Dorset, UK: Element Books, Ltd.; 1995.
4 Kapoor L, ed. Handbook of Ayurvedic Medicinal Plants. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 1990.
5 British Herbal Pharmacopoeia. Dorset, UK: British Herbal Medicine Association; 1996.
6 Grieve M. A Modern Herbal. Vol. 1. New York: Dover Books; 1971.
7 Davidson A. The Oxford Companion to Food. London: Oxford University Press; 1999.
8 Arctander S. Perfume and Flavor Materials of Natural Origin. Carol Stream , IL: Allured Publishing Corporation; 1994.
9 Onstad D. Whole Foods Companion: A Guide for Adventurous Cooks, Curious Shoppers & Lovers of Natural Foods. White River Junction, VT: Chelsea Green Publishing Company; 1996.
10 Wood R. The New Whole Foods Encyclopedia: A Comprehensive Resource for Healthy Eating. New York, NY: Penguin Putnam Inc.; 1999.
11 Moerman D. Native American Ethnobotany. Portland, OR: Timber Press, Inc.: 1998.
12 Lewis WH, Elvin-Lewis MPF. Medical Botany: Plants Affecting Human Health. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2003.
13 Schnaubelt K. Beasley JM, trans. Advanced Aromatherapy: The Science of Essential Oil Therapy. 1st ed. Rochester, VT: Healing Arts Press; 1998.
14 Keville K, Green M. Aromatherapy: A Complete Guide to the Healing Art. Freedom, CA: Crossing Press; 1995.
15 DerMarderosian A, Beutler J, eds. The Review of Natural Products. St. Louis, MO: Facts and Comparisons; 2002.
16 D’Amelio FS. Botanicals: A Phytocosmetic Desk Reference. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press LLC; 1999.
17 Garner-Wizard M. Carotenoids in Human Health. HerbClip. May 30, 2003 (No. 120222-233). Austin, TX: American Botanical Council. Review of The role of carotenoids in human health by Johnson EJ. Nutrition in Clinical Care. 2002;5(2):56-65.
18 Milot B. Review of the Role of Diet in the Prevention of Gastrointestinal Cancers. HerbClip. August 31, 2004 (No. 050141-263). Austin, TX: American Botanical Council. Review of Nutrition in the chemoprevention of gastrointestinal cancer: where are we in the new millennium by Mullick T, Gasser E. Practical Gastroenterology. 2004;March:52-64.
19 Burden D. Carrots Profile: Overview. Available at: http://www.agmrc.org/agmrc/commodity/vegetables/carrots/carrotsprofile.htm. Accessed August 22, 2005.
20 Sylvia SA. Developing Essential Oils of Honeydew Melon, Carrot and Spinach for Export: A Report for the Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation. RIRDC Publication No 00/50. Available at: http://www.rirdc.gov.au/reports/EOI/00-50.pdf. Accessed August 22, 2005.
21 McCoy S, Parlevliet G. Export Market Potential for Clean and Organic Agricultural Products. RIRDC Publication No 00/76. Available at: http://www.rirdc.gov.au/reports/ORG/00-76.pdf. Accessed August 22, 2005. | <urn:uuid:80e3829f-0e8a-4435-82dc-4e5926a28c37> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.naturalremediesandcures.co.uk/545,research,carrots.html | 2023-12-04T09:34:01Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100527.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20231204083733-20231204113733-00154.warc.gz | en | 0.816546 | 1,257 | [
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A “fearless” Somali female MP was among dozens of people killed in a series of bomb attacks in rural Somalia.
According to a witness quoted by the Associated Press, the bomber ran towards and embraced opposition MP Amina Mohamed Abdi before detonating a bomb as she campaigned in the town of Beledweyne in central Somalia ahead of parliamentary elections this week.
The local police chief, Col Isak Ali Abdulle, said the authorities were still trying to establish the total number of fatalities. At least 30 people were killed when a car bomb was detonated outside a hospital.
Parliamentarian Abdirizak Mohamed tweeted: “Somalia has lost a promising giant leader, an activist, a fearless advocate who finally paid the ultimate price for seeking justice for Ikram Tahlil.”
Ikram Tahlil was a female intelligence officer whose killing Abdi had reportedly been trying to investigate.
Abdi was running to be reelected in the next Somali elections and was reportedly in the city to defend her seat.
Somali President Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed Farmaajo has sent his “deepest condolences to the family and relatives of Amina Mohamed Abdi,” the government’s official Twitter page said.
The country’s Prime Minister Mohamed Hussein Roble has said on social media following the apparent bombing: “I strongly condemn the terrorist attack on Amina Mohamed Abdi in Beledweyne tonight.”
He also urged security agencies to carry out a thorough investigation into the killing of Abdi, who he described as an exemplary politician.
The British ambassador to Somalia, Katie Foster, said on Twitter: “We strongly condemn the use of violence to intimidate and disrupt the elections.” | <urn:uuid:61f99e3b-3094-453b-806d-cb5752b41b94> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://robertjonez137.medium.com/female-opposition-mp-amina-was-killed-in-somalia-bombings-890c6c874999?source=user_profile---------4---------------------------- | 2023-12-06T17:53:02Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100602.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20231206162528-20231206192528-00854.warc.gz | en | 0.971521 | 363 | [
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Various package and software management applications require manual input for execution confirmation by default. This confirmation is usually
required when installing, updating, or removing programs and packages. General consent can be given to execute the command without manual input.
Why is this an issue?
Suppose a package manager invocation is part of a script that is executed automatically, and non-interactive mode is not enabled. Then, execution
is aborted because there is no confirming manual input. As a result, instructions, such as installation or update of packages, cannot be performed in
an automated way. This applies, among others, to the package manager used in Debian-based systems, Advanced Package Tool (APT).
How can I fix it?
Noncompliant code example
RUN apt-get install ca-certificates
RUN aptitude install ca-certificates
RUN apt install ca-certificates
Here each line represents a package installation command command for the most popular package managers. Each of them is trying to perform an
installation in interactive mode, it will wait for prompt that will never come, so it will result in aborted execution.
RUN apt-get -y install ca-certificates
RUN aptitude -y install ca-certificates
RUN apt -y install ca-certificates
Here in each line we added the option
-y, it will assume yes to all prompts and continue execution.
How does this work?
-y flag is set, no manual input is expected, and the package manager can run non-interactively. For
apt-get, the long versions
--assume-yes also exist. For
aptitude, the long version | <urn:uuid:51782709-6053-4910-98ee-873856ba0681> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://rules.sonarsource.com/docker/rspec-6584/ | 2023-12-06T17:28:38Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100602.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20231206162528-20231206192528-00854.warc.gz | en | 0.833363 | 355 | [
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This review provided by: TroutUnderground.com
Because I’m devilishly handsome, Orvis shipped me a 4-pc, 8.5′ 5wt “mid-flex” prototype of their yet-to-be-released ”Helios” fly rod — a rod said to be even lighter than their Zero Gravity series.
“How can it be lighter than Zero?” you ask? Well, despite consulting Albert Einstein on this one, we’re not sure, but I will testify that the rod is light. In fact, the box arrived, I hefted the tube, thought it was empty, and figured I was the victim of a practical joke played by Hathaway at Orvis.
Turns out the joke was on me. There was a rod in the tube — a prototype so new it lacked the Orvis name, the “Helios” label, and even the final cosmetics.
A call to Tom Rosenbauer at Orvis was oddly unproductive; manufacturers are usually keen to babble endlessly (to the point of nausea) about the technology behind their shiny new stuff, but Rosenbauer cagily told me to forget about the technology and just report my impressions.
Hmmm. The Mystery Pitch. Interesting.
Let’s just get this out of the way; I’m not easily bowled over by high-tech fly rod technology. One friend jokes that I’m a low modulus guy stuck in a high modulus fly fishing world, and there’s a ring of truth to that.
I fish a lot of bamboo and fiberglass, and own damned few graphite rods, which I often find stiff and lacking in the kind of feedback I want in a fly rod.
With this as a backdrop, my first lawn casts with the 8.5′ “mid-flex” Helios were a surprise; the rod cast smoothly at what you might call “normal trout ranges” and shockingly — I even felt a little flex under the cork grip at longer distances.
At short ranges, the rod lacked the kind of feel I get from my higher-mass bamboo and glass rods, but it was accurate and not overly stiff or clumsy.
Aerial mends were easy due to the light weight of the rod, though the higher line speeds generated by high-modulus rods give you less time to make the mends (compared to low modulus rods), so I’m calling this one a wash.
Overall — for a rod I would have told you was not interesting to me — I was pleasantly surprised.
Field Testing (or, It’s a Hard Life)
One reason why I’ve turned down some testing gigs is because I don’t want to spend my my precious fly fishing time field-testing equipment I don’t like.
I liked the Helios enough that I went ahead and float-tubed an alpine lake, fished a technical section of the Upper Sacramento River, and even hit some pocket water with Local Kung Fu Guide Wayne Eng, who fished the rod most of the evening.
From the float tube — hardly the ideal environment for a medium-flexing 8.5′ rod — I was able to cast for distance, and more importantly, do so accurately.
Popping a sinking line out of the water was no big deal (a task that’s not much fun with softer rods), and threading a damsel nymph between lily pads was a straightforward, no-hassle job.
The same held true on the technical water, where you sometimes have to make long casts, and you always have to make long roll casts.
My overall impression was of a very smooth fly rod — one that cast for distance without folding, yet fished well at shorter distances.
The Helios bore little resemblance to the “parking lot rods” that largely soured me on graphite, though it’s no match for my softer, low-modulus rods at short ranges.
Frankly, that’s to be expected; life is a series of tradeoffs, and the majority of fly rods nowadays seem tuned to cast just a bit further than is useful for most trout fishing.
Then again, they’re largely being sold to people who fish less then five times a year, so that distance bias helps sell rods.
Wayne Eng spent several hours with the rod fishing pocket water, and his face positively lit up. “Smooth” was the word he used over and over to describe the rod, and — sadly — he got to experience it with a couple of decent fish (I never caught anything bigger than 12″ on the Helios).
He said it was “very trouty” and because he has scads more experience with current rod technology, I’d suggest his word carries a little weight.
He gave it a thumbs up.
One Orvis staffer told me their exclusive thermoplastic resin technology actually placed them ahead of the competitors they’d lagged behind for so many years; they were able to build extremely light fly rods that weren’t brittle or fragile.
Time will be the judge of the truth of that statement, but I’ll say this – it certainly seems durable. Orvis is going to cringe when they read this, but twice I smacked the Helios very hard against solid, non-moving objects, and both times I was practicing the traditional “my Wonderdog broke your rod” excuses while examining the tip.
No breaks, no cracks, no excuses — not even after fishing the rod a couple times since.
That’s not exactly conclusive laboratory evidence, but it’s the kind of thing that allows a rod company to offer a long-term, no-questions warranty without breaking out in a rash.
The Beauty of High Modulus
Here I’ll make an embarrassing admission; on long casts, my tip (fly rod tip) tends to wander a bit, and low modulus materials often amplify that.
It’s one area where high modulus works well, and in this case, it was true. High modulus rods are also good nymph rods; they’re light — so highsticking all day doesn’t warp your shoulder — and they react very quickly for a more positive hookset.
Naturally, I can’t comment directly on those characteristics because I’m an effete dry fly fisher who rarely nymphs, but if you’re into lightweight rods for nymphing – a wholly quantifiable characteristic — then the break-resistant Helios is probably a worth a try.
The Helios I fished was a prototype — and one of the few things I learned about the production models (which a little Woodward & Bernstein work tells me will be called “Zero Gravity Helios” rods) is the blanks will remain an attractive olive-colored blank but the wraps will be different — probably a deeper burgundy. [Update: Wrong. The blanks are dark colored in the final production models, and the reel seats are different from the photograph]
In the pursuit of lower overall rod weight, Orvis abandoned their attractive skeletonized reel seat from the Zero Gravity rods in favor of a seat with a graphite insert.
I liked the old one, but don’t have any significant problems with the new one, which hold reels tightly. It just doesn’t look as nice.
I will admit to disliking the 7″ Orvis cork grip, which most would call a “superfine” style.
It’s too long for a rod this length and weight, and even worse, I’m a total crank about grips, and believe the superfine and Western style grips that come with most modern graphite rods aren’t very comfortable over a long day of fishing.
In other words, the whole industry is wrong, and I’m right. (Just for context.)
Let’s chalk that up to a personal gripe, and hope that the rest of the world starts conforming to my singular view of the universe.
The Last Cast
Orvis is going to make a lot of noise about the feather-esque heft of their Zero Gravity Helios rods, and in a marketing-oriented universe, it makes perfect sense.
Still, I happily fish rods several ounces heavier than the 8.5′ Helios, so the durability and fishability of the of the Helios is a more useful concept to me than the weight.
Given my frequent rants against brittle fly rods — which can ruin a day, if not a trip — I’ve gotta believe Orvis is onto something here.
Still, the measure of any fly rod is how it fishes, and I was nicely surprised by the smoothness of the Helios, though it lacks the smooth, like buttah feedback of my heavier, low-modulus rods.
If I nymphed a lot I probably would own a rod like this, and if I was casting all day from a wind-besieged drift boat, I’d be damned happy I’d brought this thing along.
If I was a dealer, the whole package — the blank, the really nice tube, the cosmetics… they’d make me happy. It’s about time they started making graphite rods that didn’t look like military radio antennas.
By any account Orvis fell behind the “cutting edge” rod companies during the boom years of the 1990s and early 2000s, and their attempts to catch up weren’t always graceful.
It’s possible they’re now racing ahead of the pack, though the Sage, Winston and other partisans will no doubt have something to say about that.
Since this is the original Orvis Helios Rod and Orvis has come out with the Helios 2 and the Helios 3, view Orvis Rods and more products on Amazon! | <urn:uuid:a5aa1099-4203-4e7c-bec9-3b499e5520df> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.outdoorsmenreviews.com/fishing/orvis-helios-fly-rod-review/ | 2023-12-06T17:43:24Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100602.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20231206162528-20231206192528-00854.warc.gz | en | 0.949279 | 2,111 | [
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