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771be500df4c1915ed9a233b3146f4a1f5fed32e | New_Haven,_Connecticut | The city has many distinct neighborhoods. In addition to Downtown, centered on the central business district and the Green, are the following neighborhoods: the west central neighborhoods of Dixwell and Dwight; the southern neighborhoods of The Hill, historic water-front City Point (or Oyster Point), and the harborside district of Long Wharf; the western neighborhoods of Edgewood, West River, Westville, Amity, and West Rock-Westhills; East Rock, Cedar Hill, Prospect Hill, and Newhallville in the northern side of town; the east central neighborhoods of Mill River and Wooster Square, an Italian-American neighborhood; Fair Haven, an immigrant community located between the Mill and Quinnipiac rivers; Quinnipiac Meadows and Fair Haven Heights across the Quinnipiac River; and facing the eastern side of the harbor, The Annex and East Shore (or Morris Cove). | What is the third mentioned neighborhood? | {
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203
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} | {
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850b8a51394a6d40c529d1adb660e8cc6fad13a8 | Buddhism | A core problem in the study of early Buddhism is the relation between dhyana and insight. Schmithausen, in his often-cited article On some Aspects of Descriptions or Theories of 'Liberating Insight' and 'Enlightenment' in Early Buddhism notes that the mention of the four noble truths as constituting "liberating insight", which is attained after mastering the Rupa Jhanas, is a later addition to texts such as Majjhima Nikaya 36.[page needed] | What tells of the four noble truths? | {
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222
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} | {
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} |
16cda75c82e9eeddd87ff3cfc95fc87be802664b | Buddhism | A core problem in the study of early Buddhism is the relation between dhyana and insight. Schmithausen, in his often-cited article On some Aspects of Descriptions or Theories of 'Liberating Insight' and 'Enlightenment' in Early Buddhism notes that the mention of the four noble truths as constituting "liberating insight", which is attained after mastering the Rupa Jhanas, is a later addition to texts such as Majjhima Nikaya 36.[page needed] | Who discussed Buddhism | {
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"Schmithausen"
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90
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} | {
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8c5e395bfaa50a089f306cb785bf17dad2bd0abf | Buddhism | A core problem in the study of early Buddhism is the relation between dhyana and insight. Schmithausen, in his often-cited article On some Aspects of Descriptions or Theories of 'Liberating Insight' and 'Enlightenment' in Early Buddhism notes that the mention of the four noble truths as constituting "liberating insight", which is attained after mastering the Rupa Jhanas, is a later addition to texts such as Majjhima Nikaya 36.[page needed] | What is considered a good text on this matteR? | {
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131
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} | {
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b4697412e3fc00c8e0aa95a038c3c87f471c78c5 | Buddhism | A core problem in the study of early Buddhism is the relation between dhyana and insight. Schmithausen, in his often-cited article On some Aspects of Descriptions or Theories of 'Liberating Insight' and 'Enlightenment' in Early Buddhism notes that the mention of the four noble truths as constituting "liberating insight", which is attained after mastering the Rupa Jhanas, is a later addition to texts such as Majjhima Nikaya 36.[page needed] | What book describes the noble truths | {
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"Majjhima Nikaya"
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"answer_start": [
411
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} | {
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967e8aa42b2c57486016918dfe57b52926d5a5b4 | Buddhism | A core problem in the study of early Buddhism is the relation between dhyana and insight. Schmithausen, in his often-cited article On some Aspects of Descriptions or Theories of 'Liberating Insight' and 'Enlightenment' in Early Buddhism notes that the mention of the four noble truths as constituting "liberating insight", which is attained after mastering the Rupa Jhanas, is a later addition to texts such as Majjhima Nikaya 36.[page needed] | Where does the path to reaching this state reside? | {
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"texts such as Majjhima Nikaya 36"
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397
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} | {
"split": "train",
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8f6e425898c79b4168d55e76bb01dc28a0ffe3e1 | Buddhism | A core problem in the study of early Buddhism is the relation between dhyana and insight. Schmithausen, in his often-cited article On some Aspects of Descriptions or Theories of 'Liberating Insight' and 'Enlightenment' in Early Buddhism notes that the mention of the four noble truths as constituting "liberating insight", which is attained after mastering the Rupa Jhanas, is a later addition to texts such as Majjhima Nikaya 36.[page needed] | What do you need to understand first in Buddhism | {
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361
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} | {
"split": "train",
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} |
44ebfa6f99a60281b852b1a46ecb0112151c9dd4 | Buddhism | A core problem in the study of early Buddhism is the relation between dhyana and insight. Schmithausen, in his often-cited article On some Aspects of Descriptions or Theories of 'Liberating Insight' and 'Enlightenment' in Early Buddhism notes that the mention of the four noble truths as constituting "liberating insight", which is attained after mastering the Rupa Jhanas, is a later addition to texts such as Majjhima Nikaya 36.[page needed] | What is liberating insight? | {
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"the four noble truths"
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263
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} | {
"split": "train",
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cb07e4b7f8c41291b243a3680a8ae949fcbc0600 | Buddhism | A core problem in the study of early Buddhism is the relation between dhyana and insight. Schmithausen, in his often-cited article On some Aspects of Descriptions or Theories of 'Liberating Insight' and 'Enlightenment' in Early Buddhism notes that the mention of the four noble truths as constituting "liberating insight", which is attained after mastering the Rupa Jhanas, is a later addition to texts such as Majjhima Nikaya 36.[page needed] | What was an issue in the theories? | {
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248
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} | {
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063f93d65ac4450007d966b6c9ab99dcaf656c07 | Buddhism | A core problem in the study of early Buddhism is the relation between dhyana and insight. Schmithausen, in his often-cited article On some Aspects of Descriptions or Theories of 'Liberating Insight' and 'Enlightenment' in Early Buddhism notes that the mention of the four noble truths as constituting "liberating insight", which is attained after mastering the Rupa Jhanas, is a later addition to texts such as Majjhima Nikaya 36.[page needed] | What caused consternation in the community? | {
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"the relation between dhyana and insight"
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49
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} | {
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3848d65b7cf63f266e850025cf27de99402b31ea | Buddhism | A core problem in the study of early Buddhism is the relation between dhyana and insight. Schmithausen, in his often-cited article On some Aspects of Descriptions or Theories of 'Liberating Insight' and 'Enlightenment' in Early Buddhism notes that the mention of the four noble truths as constituting "liberating insight", which is attained after mastering the Rupa Jhanas, is a later addition to texts such as Majjhima Nikaya 36.[page needed] | Who was a scholar of Buddhism | {
"text": [
"Schmithausen"
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90
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} | {
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fd1bfe637f9bb6ac9118ebd709067dbf6b0620bb | Buddhism | A core problem in the study of early Buddhism is the relation between dhyana and insight. Schmithausen, in his often-cited article On some Aspects of Descriptions or Theories of 'Liberating Insight' and 'Enlightenment' in Early Buddhism notes that the mention of the four noble truths as constituting "liberating insight", which is attained after mastering the Rupa Jhanas, is a later addition to texts such as Majjhima Nikaya 36.[page needed] | Aside from Rupa Jhanas, what can strengthen mind and body? | {
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"dhyana"
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70
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} | {
"split": "train",
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} |
d0f4a38a932f182f5cc55bc669519c263a15006a | Buddhism | A core problem in the study of early Buddhism is the relation between dhyana and insight. Schmithausen, in his often-cited article On some Aspects of Descriptions or Theories of 'Liberating Insight' and 'Enlightenment' in Early Buddhism notes that the mention of the four noble truths as constituting "liberating insight", which is attained after mastering the Rupa Jhanas, is a later addition to texts such as Majjhima Nikaya 36.[page needed] | Where does insight come from? | {
"text": [
"the Rupa Jhanas"
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"answer_start": [
357
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
18038dfa1e7387b99f530d55d2de7b57dfdde2be | Buddhism | A core problem in the study of early Buddhism is the relation between dhyana and insight. Schmithausen, in his often-cited article On some Aspects of Descriptions or Theories of 'Liberating Insight' and 'Enlightenment' in Early Buddhism notes that the mention of the four noble truths as constituting "liberating insight", which is attained after mastering the Rupa Jhanas, is a later addition to texts such as Majjhima Nikaya 36.[page needed] | How do you know you must master Rupa Jhanas as a way gain progress toward the four noble truths? | {
"text": [
"Majjhima Nikaya"
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"answer_start": [
411
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
7e99234fecde9eaade38c0d8af2d445d1f0988c5 | Buddhism | A core problem in the study of early Buddhism is the relation between dhyana and insight. Schmithausen, in his often-cited article On some Aspects of Descriptions or Theories of 'Liberating Insight' and 'Enlightenment' in Early Buddhism notes that the mention of the four noble truths as constituting "liberating insight", which is attained after mastering the Rupa Jhanas, is a later addition to texts such as Majjhima Nikaya 36.[page needed] | What time period of Buddhims do you learn about the noble truths | {
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222
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} | {
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} |
a40dc2893384d5ba7b30b744c36d457c29d3b72c | Buddhism | A core problem in the study of early Buddhism is the relation between dhyana and insight. Schmithausen, in his often-cited article On some Aspects of Descriptions or Theories of 'Liberating Insight' and 'Enlightenment' in Early Buddhism notes that the mention of the four noble truths as constituting "liberating insight", which is attained after mastering the Rupa Jhanas, is a later addition to texts such as Majjhima Nikaya 36.[page needed] | How is Rupa Jhanas accessed? | {
"text": [
"later addition to texts"
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379
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
7057bee74d4a7b6a96727a8d2b008c18159c0cfb | Buddhism | A core problem in the study of early Buddhism is the relation between dhyana and insight. Schmithausen, in his often-cited article On some Aspects of Descriptions or Theories of 'Liberating Insight' and 'Enlightenment' in Early Buddhism notes that the mention of the four noble truths as constituting "liberating insight", which is attained after mastering the Rupa Jhanas, is a later addition to texts such as Majjhima Nikaya 36.[page needed] | What does Schmithausen believes comes from learning Buddhism? | {
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190
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} | {
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dca413815d9899219be397be1b42aadaac5e90f2 | Buddhism | The three marks of existence may reflect Upanishadic or other influences. K.R. Norman supposes that the these terms were already in use at the Buddha's time, and were familiair to his hearers. | How does Norman feel about the words used in Buddha's time | {
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"supposes that the these terms were already in use"
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86
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} | {
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afa520b87b00c5f93934d3c29fae0ba704da2155 | Buddhism | The three marks of existence may reflect Upanishadic or other influences. K.R. Norman supposes that the these terms were already in use at the Buddha's time, and were familiair to his hearers. | How many things may mirror things with effects? | {
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"three"
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4
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d6b1e59170ef66b60f691faa2fce7f9978a22870 | Buddhism | The three marks of existence may reflect Upanishadic or other influences. K.R. Norman supposes that the these terms were already in use at the Buddha's time, and were familiair to his hearers. | What famous spiritual leaders name is listed in the text | {
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143
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dd842abc72a88d8443a92e71fa9030cfc8f3da01 | Buddhism | The three marks of existence may reflect Upanishadic or other influences. K.R. Norman supposes that the these terms were already in use at the Buddha's time, and were familiair to his hearers. | What rules were familiar to Buddha's hearers? | {
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41
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} | {
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1ca8900f2648b1741fcae4874df321a688e4eaf0 | Buddhism | The three marks of existence may reflect Upanishadic or other influences. K.R. Norman supposes that the these terms were already in use at the Buddha's time, and were familiair to his hearers. | How recognizable was the Upanishadic text to Buddha's people | {
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167
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da6a097a4ff46c0f049d79712277d5809856b2d5 | Buddhism | The three marks of existence may reflect Upanishadic or other influences. K.R. Norman supposes that the these terms were already in use at the Buddha's time, and were familiair to his hearers. | How are the traits of being alive described and represented numerically in the text besides Upanishic | {
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0
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ecf12d9861ed898e98b2444ebd7fd0213e04d989 | Buddhism | The three marks of existence may reflect Upanishadic or other influences. K.R. Norman supposes that the these terms were already in use at the Buddha's time, and were familiair to his hearers. | Who may have already known these ways of speaking? | {
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"his hearers"
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180
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} | {
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f74ce6495fd258e309ef07c90ff7f0187359c49e | Buddhism | The three marks of existence may reflect Upanishadic or other influences. K.R. Norman supposes that the these terms were already in use at the Buddha's time, and were familiair to his hearers. | Who had already heard the three marks of existence? | {
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"hearers"
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184
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9fc2c6d6b0a2fa5892a4b4271ad90c09e9a2a17e | Buddhism | The three marks of existence may reflect Upanishadic or other influences. K.R. Norman supposes that the these terms were already in use at the Buddha's time, and were familiair to his hearers. | When did some stuff already exist? | {
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"at the Buddha's time"
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136
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} | {
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8041624199eb5a88f818cd25344d379dc702ccd4 | Buddhism | During the period of Late Mahayana Buddhism, four major types of thought developed: Madhyamaka, Yogacara, Tathagatagarbha, and Buddhist Logic as the last and most recent. In India, the two main philosophical schools of the Mahayana were the Madhyamaka and the later Yogacara. According to Dan Lusthaus, Madhyamaka and Yogacara have a great deal in common, and the commonality stems from early Buddhism. There were no great Indian teachers associated with tathagatagarbha thought. | In India how was Mahayana Buddhism broken out into? | {
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"two main philosophical schools"
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185
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} | {
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a5a50b0b4b38aba08343e85769c083c328359703 | Buddhism | During the period of Late Mahayana Buddhism, four major types of thought developed: Madhyamaka, Yogacara, Tathagatagarbha, and Buddhist Logic as the last and most recent. In India, the two main philosophical schools of the Mahayana were the Madhyamaka and the later Yogacara. According to Dan Lusthaus, Madhyamaka and Yogacara have a great deal in common, and the commonality stems from early Buddhism. There were no great Indian teachers associated with tathagatagarbha thought. | What do I need to know about the passage to fully understand the historical scope? | {
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11
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} | {
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07840a269291cc9784bab78cc3158b128423b005 | Buddhism | During the period of Late Mahayana Buddhism, four major types of thought developed: Madhyamaka, Yogacara, Tathagatagarbha, and Buddhist Logic as the last and most recent. In India, the two main philosophical schools of the Mahayana were the Madhyamaka and the later Yogacara. According to Dan Lusthaus, Madhyamaka and Yogacara have a great deal in common, and the commonality stems from early Buddhism. There were no great Indian teachers associated with tathagatagarbha thought. | What is the main idea of the passage? | {
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67501ed6a7233e751f9d66f0a9ad82c132e0bfc0 | Buddhism | During the period of Late Mahayana Buddhism, four major types of thought developed: Madhyamaka, Yogacara, Tathagatagarbha, and Buddhist Logic as the last and most recent. In India, the two main philosophical schools of the Mahayana were the Madhyamaka and the later Yogacara. According to Dan Lusthaus, Madhyamaka and Yogacara have a great deal in common, and the commonality stems from early Buddhism. There were no great Indian teachers associated with tathagatagarbha thought. | What logic was adapted last in India? | {
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266
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} | {
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41de68f70e1615a94373ff1c84d0051eccede28c | Buddhism | During the period of Late Mahayana Buddhism, four major types of thought developed: Madhyamaka, Yogacara, Tathagatagarbha, and Buddhist Logic as the last and most recent. In India, the two main philosophical schools of the Mahayana were the Madhyamaka and the later Yogacara. According to Dan Lusthaus, Madhyamaka and Yogacara have a great deal in common, and the commonality stems from early Buddhism. There were no great Indian teachers associated with tathagatagarbha thought. | During Late Mahayana Budhism, where was the most recent concept advanced? | {
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174
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4977a36fd239cdcb3f531beea6aef3c6a2a629ce | Buddhism | During the period of Late Mahayana Buddhism, four major types of thought developed: Madhyamaka, Yogacara, Tathagatagarbha, and Buddhist Logic as the last and most recent. In India, the two main philosophical schools of the Mahayana were the Madhyamaka and the later Yogacara. According to Dan Lusthaus, Madhyamaka and Yogacara have a great deal in common, and the commonality stems from early Buddhism. There were no great Indian teachers associated with tathagatagarbha thought. | What one school of thought is different from the others in an educational sense? | {
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"There were no great Indian teachers associated with tathagatagarbha thought"
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403
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} | {
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bf7ece3e930c1cfcb878a36bb2f2ce9d673ea13a | Buddhism | During the period of Late Mahayana Buddhism, four major types of thought developed: Madhyamaka, Yogacara, Tathagatagarbha, and Buddhist Logic as the last and most recent. In India, the two main philosophical schools of the Mahayana were the Madhyamaka and the later Yogacara. According to Dan Lusthaus, Madhyamaka and Yogacara have a great deal in common, and the commonality stems from early Buddhism. There were no great Indian teachers associated with tathagatagarbha thought. | Which type of logic is not as highly regarded? | {
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106
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351a39bff31c9327178a1db7470f8028f8fe4a86 | Buddhism | During the period of Late Mahayana Buddhism, four major types of thought developed: Madhyamaka, Yogacara, Tathagatagarbha, and Buddhist Logic as the last and most recent. In India, the two main philosophical schools of the Mahayana were the Madhyamaka and the later Yogacara. According to Dan Lusthaus, Madhyamaka and Yogacara have a great deal in common, and the commonality stems from early Buddhism. There were no great Indian teachers associated with tathagatagarbha thought. | Why were the two main philosophical schools of the Mahayana in India very similar? | {
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"early Buddhism"
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387
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} | {
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69e88e534c43aa2bfe422c522eddcc9dea0974b0 | Buddhism | During the period of Late Mahayana Buddhism, four major types of thought developed: Madhyamaka, Yogacara, Tathagatagarbha, and Buddhist Logic as the last and most recent. In India, the two main philosophical schools of the Mahayana were the Madhyamaka and the later Yogacara. According to Dan Lusthaus, Madhyamaka and Yogacara have a great deal in common, and the commonality stems from early Buddhism. There were no great Indian teachers associated with tathagatagarbha thought. | With the exception of tathagatagarbha, what do the logics share? | {
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"stems from early Buddhism"
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376
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} | {
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b9710ec438a696c326be1d01f774df16d10936e8 | Buddhism | During the period of Late Mahayana Buddhism, four major types of thought developed: Madhyamaka, Yogacara, Tathagatagarbha, and Buddhist Logic as the last and most recent. In India, the two main philosophical schools of the Mahayana were the Madhyamaka and the later Yogacara. According to Dan Lusthaus, Madhyamaka and Yogacara have a great deal in common, and the commonality stems from early Buddhism. There were no great Indian teachers associated with tathagatagarbha thought. | What school of Mahayan Buddhism thought did not take off very well in India? | {
"text": [
"tathagatagarbha"
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455
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} | {
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960c7808b84e8e683fd282d4f6afe6ed39045009 | Buddhism | During the period of Late Mahayana Buddhism, four major types of thought developed: Madhyamaka, Yogacara, Tathagatagarbha, and Buddhist Logic as the last and most recent. In India, the two main philosophical schools of the Mahayana were the Madhyamaka and the later Yogacara. According to Dan Lusthaus, Madhyamaka and Yogacara have a great deal in common, and the commonality stems from early Buddhism. There were no great Indian teachers associated with tathagatagarbha thought. | As per whom, the to main philosophical schools of Mahayana in India were very similar? | {
"text": [
"the two main philosophical schools of the Mahayana"
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"answer_start": [
181
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} | {
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9025591f683e770c0dae06d353992c346009ff83 | Buddhism | Buddhist scriptures and other texts exist in great variety. Different schools of Buddhism place varying levels of value on learning the various texts. Some schools venerate certain texts as religious objects in themselves, while others take a more scholastic approach. Buddhist scriptures are mainly written in Pāli, Tibetan, Mongolian, and Chinese. Some texts still exist in Sanskrit and Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit. | How do you know that education is not as important to some people as others? | {
"text": [
"Different schools of Buddhism place varying levels of value on learning the various texts"
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60
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} | {
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576ed2a95e3223aa1d45250b3fbf97a3640b48f3 | Buddhism | Buddhist scriptures and other texts exist in great variety. Different schools of Buddhism place varying levels of value on learning the various texts. Some schools venerate certain texts as religious objects in themselves, while others take a more scholastic approach. Buddhist scriptures are mainly written in Pāli, Tibetan, Mongolian, and Chinese. Some texts still exist in Sanskrit and Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit. | Texts of the religion Buddahism that were read in China were likely written in which language? | {
"text": [
"Chinese"
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"answer_start": [
341
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} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
b141bd9f10e171bcd21bcf490ceea32ec1bae698 | Buddhism | Buddhist scriptures and other texts exist in great variety. Different schools of Buddhism place varying levels of value on learning the various texts. Some schools venerate certain texts as religious objects in themselves, while others take a more scholastic approach. Buddhist scriptures are mainly written in Pāli, Tibetan, Mongolian, and Chinese. Some texts still exist in Sanskrit and Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit. | What is the second mentioned Language of the scriptures? | {
"text": [
"Tibetan"
],
"answer_start": [
317
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
20359cd36018d3b56efdc9ff60273d6e3dcb1924 | Buddhism | Buddhist scriptures and other texts exist in great variety. Different schools of Buddhism place varying levels of value on learning the various texts. Some schools venerate certain texts as religious objects in themselves, while others take a more scholastic approach. Buddhist scriptures are mainly written in Pāli, Tibetan, Mongolian, and Chinese. Some texts still exist in Sanskrit and Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit. | An ancient language from India that is connected with Hinduism, being the language several Hindu texts are written is called? | {
"text": [
"Sanskrit"
],
"answer_start": [
376
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
32e4287a76071e38afcc4be0c64f0a8348cef6f4 | Buddhism | Buddhist scriptures and other texts exist in great variety. Different schools of Buddhism place varying levels of value on learning the various texts. Some schools venerate certain texts as religious objects in themselves, while others take a more scholastic approach. Buddhist scriptures are mainly written in Pāli, Tibetan, Mongolian, and Chinese. Some texts still exist in Sanskrit and Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit. | If you are a Buddhist, what do you need to study? | {
"text": [
"texts"
],
"answer_start": [
144
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
fd5c9dc4c833e8aa6ccb9f5d9c68ff383a5c4c7a | Buddhism | Buddhist scriptures and other texts exist in great variety. Different schools of Buddhism place varying levels of value on learning the various texts. Some schools venerate certain texts as religious objects in themselves, while others take a more scholastic approach. Buddhist scriptures are mainly written in Pāli, Tibetan, Mongolian, and Chinese. Some texts still exist in Sanskrit and Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit. | Another ancient language similar in geographical origens to Sanskrit that several Buddhist scriptures were written in is? | {
"text": [
"Pāli"
],
"answer_start": [
311
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
a8473c8dc0e4042b3bd33f6361ad7058376bd1bf | Buddhism | Buddhist scriptures and other texts exist in great variety. Different schools of Buddhism place varying levels of value on learning the various texts. Some schools venerate certain texts as religious objects in themselves, while others take a more scholastic approach. Buddhist scriptures are mainly written in Pāli, Tibetan, Mongolian, and Chinese. Some texts still exist in Sanskrit and Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit. | What also is a type of modern font? | {
"text": [
"Sanskrit"
],
"answer_start": [
376
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
7f632f025f3b812bfcf7d45948322bad4591f440 | Buddhism | Buddhist scriptures and other texts exist in great variety. Different schools of Buddhism place varying levels of value on learning the various texts. Some schools venerate certain texts as religious objects in themselves, while others take a more scholastic approach. Buddhist scriptures are mainly written in Pāli, Tibetan, Mongolian, and Chinese. Some texts still exist in Sanskrit and Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit. | What are very different? | {
"text": [
"texts exist in great variety"
],
"answer_start": [
30
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
24314b1b95c55b4b89dd257fbcebaade2c3a25f3 | Buddhism | Buddhist scriptures and other texts exist in great variety. Different schools of Buddhism place varying levels of value on learning the various texts. Some schools venerate certain texts as religious objects in themselves, while others take a more scholastic approach. Buddhist scriptures are mainly written in Pāli, Tibetan, Mongolian, and Chinese. Some texts still exist in Sanskrit and Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit. | It was common that Buddhist texts or scriptures were intended to teach or educate others, while some were considered objects of worship or what description? | {
"text": [
"religious"
],
"answer_start": [
190
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
d3dea46e3ecb89cf5e0fa1a90984c8d116f28da2 | Buddhism | Buddhist scriptures and other texts exist in great variety. Different schools of Buddhism place varying levels of value on learning the various texts. Some schools venerate certain texts as religious objects in themselves, while others take a more scholastic approach. Buddhist scriptures are mainly written in Pāli, Tibetan, Mongolian, and Chinese. Some texts still exist in Sanskrit and Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit. | Buddhist thought is divided into what categories? | {
"text": [
"schools"
],
"answer_start": [
70
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
fb1f515148bb2a50b1f0e8248bb2d651c7877a10 | Buddhism | Buddhist scriptures and other texts exist in great variety. Different schools of Buddhism place varying levels of value on learning the various texts. Some schools venerate certain texts as religious objects in themselves, while others take a more scholastic approach. Buddhist scriptures are mainly written in Pāli, Tibetan, Mongolian, and Chinese. Some texts still exist in Sanskrit and Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit. | What is opposite of horrible? | {
"text": [
"great"
],
"answer_start": [
45
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
060b2d1a6750a904c480c4872a98f598d46ebd7e | Buddhism | Buddhist scriptures and other texts exist in great variety. Different schools of Buddhism place varying levels of value on learning the various texts. Some schools venerate certain texts as religious objects in themselves, while others take a more scholastic approach. Buddhist scriptures are mainly written in Pāli, Tibetan, Mongolian, and Chinese. Some texts still exist in Sanskrit and Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit. | What form are the Pali texts in? | {
"text": [
"written"
],
"answer_start": [
300
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
85237842b0712b968c93c5c5f8a62ed2ffeb0fb2 | Buddhism | Buddhist scriptures and other texts exist in great variety. Different schools of Buddhism place varying levels of value on learning the various texts. Some schools venerate certain texts as religious objects in themselves, while others take a more scholastic approach. Buddhist scriptures are mainly written in Pāli, Tibetan, Mongolian, and Chinese. Some texts still exist in Sanskrit and Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit. | Scriptures of the religion Buddhism were written in various languages, which language would likely be read by the landlocked country of Mongolia? | {
"text": [
"Mongolian"
],
"answer_start": [
326
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
dec25a86813bcc4455e87fd7a3efe84d1637677d | Buddhism | Buddhist scriptures and other texts exist in great variety. Different schools of Buddhism place varying levels of value on learning the various texts. Some schools venerate certain texts as religious objects in themselves, while others take a more scholastic approach. Buddhist scriptures are mainly written in Pāli, Tibetan, Mongolian, and Chinese. Some texts still exist in Sanskrit and Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit. | What is the third mentioned language of the scriptures? | {
"text": [
"Mongolian"
],
"answer_start": [
326
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
b27b996185b7dfc6bf02e8c2a8532792201ef9b8 | Buddhism | Buddhist scriptures and other texts exist in great variety. Different schools of Buddhism place varying levels of value on learning the various texts. Some schools venerate certain texts as religious objects in themselves, while others take a more scholastic approach. Buddhist scriptures are mainly written in Pāli, Tibetan, Mongolian, and Chinese. Some texts still exist in Sanskrit and Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit. | What do you need to know to study these texts? | {
"text": [
"Pāli, Tibetan, Mongolian, and Chinese"
],
"answer_start": [
311
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
b9a70d3888dd6feb457fc00fc93a104b1d923fea | Buddhism | Formal membership varies between communities, but basic lay adherence is often defined in terms of a traditional formula in which the practitioner takes refuge in The Three Jewels: the Buddha, the Dharma (the teachings of the Buddha), and the Sangha (the Buddhist community). At the present time, the teachings of all three branches of Buddhism have spread throughout the world, and Buddhist texts are increasingly translated into local languages. While in the West Buddhism is often seen as exotic and progressive, in the East it is regarded as familiar and traditional. Buddhists in Asia are frequently well organized and well funded. In countries such as Cambodia and Bhutan, it is recognized as the state religion and receives government support. Modern influences increasingly lead to new forms of Buddhism that significantly depart from traditional beliefs and practices. | Where is Buddhism not seen as exotic? | {
"text": [
"the East"
],
"answer_start": [
519
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
8dc29d0f307dec1abf849f228a4d0c1a5cff595f | Buddhism | Formal membership varies between communities, but basic lay adherence is often defined in terms of a traditional formula in which the practitioner takes refuge in The Three Jewels: the Buddha, the Dharma (the teachings of the Buddha), and the Sangha (the Buddhist community). At the present time, the teachings of all three branches of Buddhism have spread throughout the world, and Buddhist texts are increasingly translated into local languages. While in the West Buddhism is often seen as exotic and progressive, in the East it is regarded as familiar and traditional. Buddhists in Asia are frequently well organized and well funded. In countries such as Cambodia and Bhutan, it is recognized as the state religion and receives government support. Modern influences increasingly lead to new forms of Buddhism that significantly depart from traditional beliefs and practices. | What religion receives support from the government of Bhutan? | {
"text": [
"Buddhism"
],
"answer_start": [
466
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
7ef75848e24e477afa788cf401cf5395f8a835fa | Buddhism | Formal membership varies between communities, but basic lay adherence is often defined in terms of a traditional formula in which the practitioner takes refuge in The Three Jewels: the Buddha, the Dharma (the teachings of the Buddha), and the Sangha (the Buddhist community). At the present time, the teachings of all three branches of Buddhism have spread throughout the world, and Buddhist texts are increasingly translated into local languages. While in the West Buddhism is often seen as exotic and progressive, in the East it is regarded as familiar and traditional. Buddhists in Asia are frequently well organized and well funded. In countries such as Cambodia and Bhutan, it is recognized as the state religion and receives government support. Modern influences increasingly lead to new forms of Buddhism that significantly depart from traditional beliefs and practices. | What never changes among the Buddhist people? | {
"text": [
"The Three Jewels: the Buddha, the Dharma (the teachings of the Buddha), and the Sangha"
],
"answer_start": [
163
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
f36a1a767f04e510d16e4fc09e598d2396b99aeb | Buddhism | Formal membership varies between communities, but basic lay adherence is often defined in terms of a traditional formula in which the practitioner takes refuge in The Three Jewels: the Buddha, the Dharma (the teachings of the Buddha), and the Sangha (the Buddhist community). At the present time, the teachings of all three branches of Buddhism have spread throughout the world, and Buddhist texts are increasingly translated into local languages. While in the West Buddhism is often seen as exotic and progressive, in the East it is regarded as familiar and traditional. Buddhists in Asia are frequently well organized and well funded. In countries such as Cambodia and Bhutan, it is recognized as the state religion and receives government support. Modern influences increasingly lead to new forms of Buddhism that significantly depart from traditional beliefs and practices. | Who is responsible for what the Dharma educates with? | {
"text": [
"Buddha"
],
"answer_start": [
226
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
8ffef1636a11c601e5bfecfe8bd2fb6a1c34883c | Buddhism | Formal membership varies between communities, but basic lay adherence is often defined in terms of a traditional formula in which the practitioner takes refuge in The Three Jewels: the Buddha, the Dharma (the teachings of the Buddha), and the Sangha (the Buddhist community). At the present time, the teachings of all three branches of Buddhism have spread throughout the world, and Buddhist texts are increasingly translated into local languages. While in the West Buddhism is often seen as exotic and progressive, in the East it is regarded as familiar and traditional. Buddhists in Asia are frequently well organized and well funded. In countries such as Cambodia and Bhutan, it is recognized as the state religion and receives government support. Modern influences increasingly lead to new forms of Buddhism that significantly depart from traditional beliefs and practices. | How does the West view Buddhism? | {
"text": [
"exotic and progressive"
],
"answer_start": [
492
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
700da38cf7ea4725fe10377410ac119b7ae9fbab | Buddhism | Formal membership varies between communities, but basic lay adherence is often defined in terms of a traditional formula in which the practitioner takes refuge in The Three Jewels: the Buddha, the Dharma (the teachings of the Buddha), and the Sangha (the Buddhist community). At the present time, the teachings of all three branches of Buddhism have spread throughout the world, and Buddhist texts are increasingly translated into local languages. While in the West Buddhism is often seen as exotic and progressive, in the East it is regarded as familiar and traditional. Buddhists in Asia are frequently well organized and well funded. In countries such as Cambodia and Bhutan, it is recognized as the state religion and receives government support. Modern influences increasingly lead to new forms of Buddhism that significantly depart from traditional beliefs and practices. | What's the state religion of Cambodia? | {
"text": [
"Buddhism"
],
"answer_start": [
466
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
c45c5ed526efd6cf280748480064ff17ff680922 | Buddhism | Formal membership varies between communities, but basic lay adherence is often defined in terms of a traditional formula in which the practitioner takes refuge in The Three Jewels: the Buddha, the Dharma (the teachings of the Buddha), and the Sangha (the Buddhist community). At the present time, the teachings of all three branches of Buddhism have spread throughout the world, and Buddhist texts are increasingly translated into local languages. While in the West Buddhism is often seen as exotic and progressive, in the East it is regarded as familiar and traditional. Buddhists in Asia are frequently well organized and well funded. In countries such as Cambodia and Bhutan, it is recognized as the state religion and receives government support. Modern influences increasingly lead to new forms of Buddhism that significantly depart from traditional beliefs and practices. | What is a practitioner of Buddhism called? | {
"text": [
"Buddhist"
],
"answer_start": [
255
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
037f9c0099dcd9b754847f0865f2afb6fb4b8f88 | Buddhism | Formal membership varies between communities, but basic lay adherence is often defined in terms of a traditional formula in which the practitioner takes refuge in The Three Jewels: the Buddha, the Dharma (the teachings of the Buddha), and the Sangha (the Buddhist community). At the present time, the teachings of all three branches of Buddhism have spread throughout the world, and Buddhist texts are increasingly translated into local languages. While in the West Buddhism is often seen as exotic and progressive, in the East it is regarded as familiar and traditional. Buddhists in Asia are frequently well organized and well funded. In countries such as Cambodia and Bhutan, it is recognized as the state religion and receives government support. Modern influences increasingly lead to new forms of Buddhism that significantly depart from traditional beliefs and practices. | Formal membership of what varies between communities? | {
"text": [
"Buddhism"
],
"answer_start": [
336
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
7886db947291ddc26ed930c239ef24fac2383b35 | Buddhism | Formal membership varies between communities, but basic lay adherence is often defined in terms of a traditional formula in which the practitioner takes refuge in The Three Jewels: the Buddha, the Dharma (the teachings of the Buddha), and the Sangha (the Buddhist community). At the present time, the teachings of all three branches of Buddhism have spread throughout the world, and Buddhist texts are increasingly translated into local languages. While in the West Buddhism is often seen as exotic and progressive, in the East it is regarded as familiar and traditional. Buddhists in Asia are frequently well organized and well funded. In countries such as Cambodia and Bhutan, it is recognized as the state religion and receives government support. Modern influences increasingly lead to new forms of Buddhism that significantly depart from traditional beliefs and practices. | How does Bhutan look at Buddhism? | {
"text": [
"state religion"
],
"answer_start": [
703
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
2b7b2f097842dcbb6f68bc381de4958f4075f22e | Buddhism | Formal membership varies between communities, but basic lay adherence is often defined in terms of a traditional formula in which the practitioner takes refuge in The Three Jewels: the Buddha, the Dharma (the teachings of the Buddha), and the Sangha (the Buddhist community). At the present time, the teachings of all three branches of Buddhism have spread throughout the world, and Buddhist texts are increasingly translated into local languages. While in the West Buddhism is often seen as exotic and progressive, in the East it is regarded as familiar and traditional. Buddhists in Asia are frequently well organized and well funded. In countries such as Cambodia and Bhutan, it is recognized as the state religion and receives government support. Modern influences increasingly lead to new forms of Buddhism that significantly depart from traditional beliefs and practices. | What is created in Buddhism from modern influence? | {
"text": [
"new forms"
],
"answer_start": [
790
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
1cf1135d42692f09aef06ca708d3c78cac648d50 | Buddhism | Formal membership varies between communities, but basic lay adherence is often defined in terms of a traditional formula in which the practitioner takes refuge in The Three Jewels: the Buddha, the Dharma (the teachings of the Buddha), and the Sangha (the Buddhist community). At the present time, the teachings of all three branches of Buddhism have spread throughout the world, and Buddhist texts are increasingly translated into local languages. While in the West Buddhism is often seen as exotic and progressive, in the East it is regarded as familiar and traditional. Buddhists in Asia are frequently well organized and well funded. In countries such as Cambodia and Bhutan, it is recognized as the state religion and receives government support. Modern influences increasingly lead to new forms of Buddhism that significantly depart from traditional beliefs and practices. | What is considered the state religion in Bhutan? | {
"text": [
"Buddhism"
],
"answer_start": [
466
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
9f7cf26d473644f66f29b2f3186e5e49a17b6052 | Buddhism | Formal membership varies between communities, but basic lay adherence is often defined in terms of a traditional formula in which the practitioner takes refuge in The Three Jewels: the Buddha, the Dharma (the teachings of the Buddha), and the Sangha (the Buddhist community). At the present time, the teachings of all three branches of Buddhism have spread throughout the world, and Buddhist texts are increasingly translated into local languages. While in the West Buddhism is often seen as exotic and progressive, in the East it is regarded as familiar and traditional. Buddhists in Asia are frequently well organized and well funded. In countries such as Cambodia and Bhutan, it is recognized as the state religion and receives government support. Modern influences increasingly lead to new forms of Buddhism that significantly depart from traditional beliefs and practices. | What religion receives government support in Cambodia? | {
"text": [
"Buddhism"
],
"answer_start": [
466
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
3e85a5f9d3f6e9cfb91763d4cb5e5fbfe304ef5d | Buddhism | Formal membership varies between communities, but basic lay adherence is often defined in terms of a traditional formula in which the practitioner takes refuge in The Three Jewels: the Buddha, the Dharma (the teachings of the Buddha), and the Sangha (the Buddhist community). At the present time, the teachings of all three branches of Buddhism have spread throughout the world, and Buddhist texts are increasingly translated into local languages. While in the West Buddhism is often seen as exotic and progressive, in the East it is regarded as familiar and traditional. Buddhists in Asia are frequently well organized and well funded. In countries such as Cambodia and Bhutan, it is recognized as the state religion and receives government support. Modern influences increasingly lead to new forms of Buddhism that significantly depart from traditional beliefs and practices. | Where is Buddhism not seen as traditional? | {
"text": [
"the West"
],
"answer_start": [
457
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
ea20a5daf2a86fe517e85aac6757ba67d08bcf4b | Buddhism | Formal membership varies between communities, but basic lay adherence is often defined in terms of a traditional formula in which the practitioner takes refuge in The Three Jewels: the Buddha, the Dharma (the teachings of the Buddha), and the Sangha (the Buddhist community). At the present time, the teachings of all three branches of Buddhism have spread throughout the world, and Buddhist texts are increasingly translated into local languages. While in the West Buddhism is often seen as exotic and progressive, in the East it is regarded as familiar and traditional. Buddhists in Asia are frequently well organized and well funded. In countries such as Cambodia and Bhutan, it is recognized as the state religion and receives government support. Modern influences increasingly lead to new forms of Buddhism that significantly depart from traditional beliefs and practices. | What gets government support in Asia? | {
"text": [
"Buddhism"
],
"answer_start": [
466
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
87362339805cf7c5c6938e45815780962d875887 | Buddhism | Formal membership varies between communities, but basic lay adherence is often defined in terms of a traditional formula in which the practitioner takes refuge in The Three Jewels: the Buddha, the Dharma (the teachings of the Buddha), and the Sangha (the Buddhist community). At the present time, the teachings of all three branches of Buddhism have spread throughout the world, and Buddhist texts are increasingly translated into local languages. While in the West Buddhism is often seen as exotic and progressive, in the East it is regarded as familiar and traditional. Buddhists in Asia are frequently well organized and well funded. In countries such as Cambodia and Bhutan, it is recognized as the state religion and receives government support. Modern influences increasingly lead to new forms of Buddhism that significantly depart from traditional beliefs and practices. | How much does new Buddhism differ from the older? | {
"text": [
"significantly"
],
"answer_start": [
817
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
224e17e5803652a2a83c5d5122f50e683d93ca35 | Buddhism | According to Johnson and Grim (2013), Buddhism has grown from a total of 138 million adherents in 1910, of which 137 million were in Asia, to 495 million in 2010, of which 487 million are in Asia. According to them, there was a fast annual growth of Buddhism in Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Lebanon and several Western European countries (1910–2010). More recently (2000–2010), the countries with highest growth rates are Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, Iran and some African countries. | What is Iran? | {
"text": [
"countries"
],
"answer_start": [
472
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
73d4c0345e2611e5cdf4f527f8766c612ed49ade | Buddhism | According to Johnson and Grim (2013), Buddhism has grown from a total of 138 million adherents in 1910, of which 137 million were in Asia, to 495 million in 2010, of which 487 million are in Asia. According to them, there was a fast annual growth of Buddhism in Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Lebanon and several Western European countries (1910–2010). More recently (2000–2010), the countries with highest growth rates are Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, Iran and some African countries. | In which countries is Buddhism becoming popular? | {
"text": [
"Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, Iran and some African countries"
],
"answer_start": [
417
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
24613c4a2c976b1bdb55c3c07bbb2acc2d0ea73c | Buddhism | According to Johnson and Grim (2013), Buddhism has grown from a total of 138 million adherents in 1910, of which 137 million were in Asia, to 495 million in 2010, of which 487 million are in Asia. According to them, there was a fast annual growth of Buddhism in Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Lebanon and several Western European countries (1910–2010). More recently (2000–2010), the countries with highest growth rates are Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, Iran and some African countries. | What was the last year of study of Buddhism adherents by Johnson and Grim? | {
"text": [
"2010"
],
"answer_start": [
157
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
f6faa97be020f53a3e18823409961c24f9a7e78d | Buddhism | According to Johnson and Grim (2013), Buddhism has grown from a total of 138 million adherents in 1910, of which 137 million were in Asia, to 495 million in 2010, of which 487 million are in Asia. According to them, there was a fast annual growth of Buddhism in Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Lebanon and several Western European countries (1910–2010). More recently (2000–2010), the countries with highest growth rates are Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, Iran and some African countries. | Which period was being studied about Iran's Buddhism adherents? | {
"text": [
"2000–2010"
],
"answer_start": [
361
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
82555e5a83f73af201bae1bd9599c1cf2710a506 | Buddhism | According to Johnson and Grim (2013), Buddhism has grown from a total of 138 million adherents in 1910, of which 137 million were in Asia, to 495 million in 2010, of which 487 million are in Asia. According to them, there was a fast annual growth of Buddhism in Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Lebanon and several Western European countries (1910–2010). More recently (2000–2010), the countries with highest growth rates are Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, Iran and some African countries. | What is Pakistan? | {
"text": [
"countries"
],
"answer_start": [
377
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
87e6d36dffd2047ee0b65048d2538556f2114ebe | Buddhism | According to Johnson and Grim (2013), Buddhism has grown from a total of 138 million adherents in 1910, of which 137 million were in Asia, to 495 million in 2010, of which 487 million are in Asia. According to them, there was a fast annual growth of Buddhism in Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Lebanon and several Western European countries (1910–2010). More recently (2000–2010), the countries with highest growth rates are Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, Iran and some African countries. | What is Lebanon? | {
"text": [
"countries"
],
"answer_start": [
377
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
92a827ed1fda6500da3c66a6951cdc6f696ada1b | Buddhism | According to Johnson and Grim (2013), Buddhism has grown from a total of 138 million adherents in 1910, of which 137 million were in Asia, to 495 million in 2010, of which 487 million are in Asia. According to them, there was a fast annual growth of Buddhism in Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Lebanon and several Western European countries (1910–2010). More recently (2000–2010), the countries with highest growth rates are Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, Iran and some African countries. | What is Qatar? | {
"text": [
"countries"
],
"answer_start": [
377
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
5e7c6c71a8ddfaba4b79b0f416da7037ea36f4da | Buddhism | According to Johnson and Grim (2013), Buddhism has grown from a total of 138 million adherents in 1910, of which 137 million were in Asia, to 495 million in 2010, of which 487 million are in Asia. According to them, there was a fast annual growth of Buddhism in Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Lebanon and several Western European countries (1910–2010). More recently (2000–2010), the countries with highest growth rates are Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, Iran and some African countries. | Where did most Buddhists begin to appear? | {
"text": [
"Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Lebanon and several Western European countries"
],
"answer_start": [
262
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
4280e3346d43ad97648416b754ec9a011392ca28 | Buddhism | According to Johnson and Grim (2013), Buddhism has grown from a total of 138 million adherents in 1910, of which 137 million were in Asia, to 495 million in 2010, of which 487 million are in Asia. According to them, there was a fast annual growth of Buddhism in Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Lebanon and several Western European countries (1910–2010). More recently (2000–2010), the countries with highest growth rates are Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, Iran and some African countries. | What was the first year of Johnson and Grim's study? | {
"text": [
"1910"
],
"answer_start": [
98
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
c56d16a1313ab1070f6647c89f71bffe0eb855f4 | Buddhism | According to Johnson and Grim (2013), Buddhism has grown from a total of 138 million adherents in 1910, of which 137 million were in Asia, to 495 million in 2010, of which 487 million are in Asia. According to them, there was a fast annual growth of Buddhism in Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Lebanon and several Western European countries (1910–2010). More recently (2000–2010), the countries with highest growth rates are Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, Iran and some African countries. | What is Saudi arabia? | {
"text": [
"countries"
],
"answer_start": [
377
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
903eedbc01b9e335f2d9ce90806570761ab2eea6 | Buddhism | According to Johnson and Grim (2013), Buddhism has grown from a total of 138 million adherents in 1910, of which 137 million were in Asia, to 495 million in 2010, of which 487 million are in Asia. According to them, there was a fast annual growth of Buddhism in Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Lebanon and several Western European countries (1910–2010). More recently (2000–2010), the countries with highest growth rates are Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, Iran and some African countries. | When was the study on Buddhism published? | {
"text": [
"2013"
],
"answer_start": [
31
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
94868d6bc756feda8ec773fd79c802dfc379e038 | Buddhism | The Silk Road transmission of Buddhism to China is most commonly thought to have started in the late 2nd or the 1st century CE, though the literary sources are all open to question.[note 41] The first documented translation efforts by foreign Buddhist monks in China were in the 2nd century CE, probably as a consequence of the expansion of the Kushan Empire into the Chinese territory of the Tarim Basin. | what faith is mentioned first? | {
"text": [
"Buddhism"
],
"answer_start": [
30
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
b0bdeefed6792a8d35b8bf84165c4fedab855ba0 | Buddhism | The Silk Road transmission of Buddhism to China is most commonly thought to have started in the late 2nd or the 1st century CE, though the literary sources are all open to question.[note 41] The first documented translation efforts by foreign Buddhist monks in China were in the 2nd century CE, probably as a consequence of the expansion of the Kushan Empire into the Chinese territory of the Tarim Basin. | what place is mentioned second to last? | {
"text": [
"Kushan Empire"
],
"answer_start": [
345
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
c8f0ffdb7b92b402857062a823caa48bc56b13b9 | Buddhism | The Silk Road transmission of Buddhism to China is most commonly thought to have started in the late 2nd or the 1st century CE, though the literary sources are all open to question.[note 41] The first documented translation efforts by foreign Buddhist monks in China were in the 2nd century CE, probably as a consequence of the expansion of the Kushan Empire into the Chinese territory of the Tarim Basin. | The century for the 1st and 2nd century is shortened to what? | {
"text": [
"CE"
],
"answer_start": [
124
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
d7707bfae7ad70872886ea550d927f195ba6d944 | Buddhism | The Silk Road transmission of Buddhism to China is most commonly thought to have started in the late 2nd or the 1st century CE, though the literary sources are all open to question.[note 41] The first documented translation efforts by foreign Buddhist monks in China were in the 2nd century CE, probably as a consequence of the expansion of the Kushan Empire into the Chinese territory of the Tarim Basin. | What is the latest century that Buddhism would have come to China? | {
"text": [
"2nd"
],
"answer_start": [
279
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
f5a0243d514669ab2c44a254eaa96a89a47b80bb | Buddhism | The Silk Road transmission of Buddhism to China is most commonly thought to have started in the late 2nd or the 1st century CE, though the literary sources are all open to question.[note 41] The first documented translation efforts by foreign Buddhist monks in China were in the 2nd century CE, probably as a consequence of the expansion of the Kushan Empire into the Chinese territory of the Tarim Basin. | What Chinese location was probably the first place in China where Buddhism was brought? | {
"text": [
"Tarim Basin"
],
"answer_start": [
393
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
0f3a1cd4ffcdada1f20536135d5bd2a5626c16a8 | Buddhism | The Silk Road transmission of Buddhism to China is most commonly thought to have started in the late 2nd or the 1st century CE, though the literary sources are all open to question.[note 41] The first documented translation efforts by foreign Buddhist monks in China were in the 2nd century CE, probably as a consequence of the expansion of the Kushan Empire into the Chinese territory of the Tarim Basin. | The monks were considered to be Buddhist, Foreign and were trying to do what in China? | {
"text": [
"The first documented translation efforts"
],
"answer_start": [
191
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
cdd02431f67555343e28abc5ca04504c6fcb2fbe | Buddhism | The Silk Road transmission of Buddhism to China is most commonly thought to have started in the late 2nd or the 1st century CE, though the literary sources are all open to question.[note 41] The first documented translation efforts by foreign Buddhist monks in China were in the 2nd century CE, probably as a consequence of the expansion of the Kushan Empire into the Chinese territory of the Tarim Basin. | The Kushan did what into Chinese territory of the Tarim Basin? | {
"text": [
"expansion"
],
"answer_start": [
328
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
b4db03a4f1b999e23ee739bef737e8e93ed945f0 | Buddhism | The Silk Road transmission of Buddhism to China is most commonly thought to have started in the late 2nd or the 1st century CE, though the literary sources are all open to question.[note 41] The first documented translation efforts by foreign Buddhist monks in China were in the 2nd century CE, probably as a consequence of the expansion of the Kushan Empire into the Chinese territory of the Tarim Basin. | The spread of Buddhism would also be called what on it's way to China? | {
"text": [
"transmission"
],
"answer_start": [
14
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
8ac0c8a0705234df159667c32e3d26ae5f90d6ed | Buddhism | The Silk Road transmission of Buddhism to China is most commonly thought to have started in the late 2nd or the 1st century CE, though the literary sources are all open to question.[note 41] The first documented translation efforts by foreign Buddhist monks in China were in the 2nd century CE, probably as a consequence of the expansion of the Kushan Empire into the Chinese territory of the Tarim Basin. | The transmission of Buddhism to China is most commonly thought to have been as a result of the inroads into the country made by these religious people. | {
"text": [
"Buddhist monks"
],
"answer_start": [
243
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
bc1eb863fda9115f9a1259f9752bf64db7dcfb80 | Buddhism | The Silk Road transmission of Buddhism to China is most commonly thought to have started in the late 2nd or the 1st century CE, though the literary sources are all open to question.[note 41] The first documented translation efforts by foreign Buddhist monks in China were in the 2nd century CE, probably as a consequence of the expansion of the Kushan Empire into the Chinese territory of the Tarim Basin. | The idea that the transmission began in the 2nd or 1st century is what? | {
"text": [
"commonly thought"
],
"answer_start": [
56
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
76a00b58104ebe9a368c22af7256522728d8038d | Buddhism | The Silk Road transmission of Buddhism to China is most commonly thought to have started in the late 2nd or the 1st century CE, though the literary sources are all open to question.[note 41] The first documented translation efforts by foreign Buddhist monks in China were in the 2nd century CE, probably as a consequence of the expansion of the Kushan Empire into the Chinese territory of the Tarim Basin. | What note should be consulted regarding the literary sources? | {
"text": [
"41"
],
"answer_start": [
187
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
52f2a677306f7d8210f51f11c4ea9d341858c5fd | Buddhism | The Silk Road transmission of Buddhism to China is most commonly thought to have started in the late 2nd or the 1st century CE, though the literary sources are all open to question.[note 41] The first documented translation efforts by foreign Buddhist monks in China were in the 2nd century CE, probably as a consequence of the expansion of the Kushan Empire into the Chinese territory of the Tarim Basin. | Foreign Buddhist monks most likely originated where? | {
"text": [
"Kushan Empire"
],
"answer_start": [
345
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
78d59900782e865e2dc39711b4edab6d9292224d | Buddhism | The Silk Road transmission of Buddhism to China is most commonly thought to have started in the late 2nd or the 1st century CE, though the literary sources are all open to question.[note 41] The first documented translation efforts by foreign Buddhist monks in China were in the 2nd century CE, probably as a consequence of the expansion of the Kushan Empire into the Chinese territory of the Tarim Basin. | The consequence of expansion has what chance? | {
"text": [
"probably"
],
"answer_start": [
295
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
144db28609b9b9fab6b93f82536809c8e50eee7a | Buddhism | The Silk Road transmission of Buddhism to China is most commonly thought to have started in the late 2nd or the 1st century CE, though the literary sources are all open to question.[note 41] The first documented translation efforts by foreign Buddhist monks in China were in the 2nd century CE, probably as a consequence of the expansion of the Kushan Empire into the Chinese territory of the Tarim Basin. | what route is mentioned first? | {
"text": [
"The Silk Road"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
33ded67bd34289d0bb670c64d1809ef4210d0720 | Buddhism | The Silk Road transmission of Buddhism to China is most commonly thought to have started in the late 2nd or the 1st century CE, though the literary sources are all open to question.[note 41] The first documented translation efforts by foreign Buddhist monks in China were in the 2nd century CE, probably as a consequence of the expansion of the Kushan Empire into the Chinese territory of the Tarim Basin. | what place is mentioned last? | {
"text": [
"Tarim Basin"
],
"answer_start": [
393
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
ae59a960c60ce2f0fc263dd9493ab01462f02fcd | Buddhism | The Silk Road transmission of Buddhism to China is most commonly thought to have started in the late 2nd or the 1st century CE, though the literary sources are all open to question.[note 41] The first documented translation efforts by foreign Buddhist monks in China were in the 2nd century CE, probably as a consequence of the expansion of the Kushan Empire into the Chinese territory of the Tarim Basin. | what type of movement is mentioned last? | {
"text": [
"expansion"
],
"answer_start": [
328
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
526a6d67098baa7b595ae04545f25d321e6520d1 | Buddhism | Besides emptiness, Mahayana schools often place emphasis on the notions of perfected spiritual insight (prajñāpāramitā) and Buddha-nature (tathāgatagarbha). There are conflicting interpretations of the tathāgatagarbha in Mahāyāna thought. The idea may be traced to Abhidharma, and ultimately to statements of the Buddha in the Nikāyas. In Tibetan Buddhism, according to the Sakya school, tathāgatagarbha is the inseparability of the clarity and emptiness of one's mind. In Nyingma, tathāgatagarbha also generally refers to inseparability of the clarity and emptiness of one's mind. According to the Gelug school, it is the potential for sentient beings to awaken since they are empty (i.e. dependently originated). According to the Jonang school, it refers to the innate qualities of the mind that expresses themselves as omniscience etc. when adventitious obscurations are removed. The "Tathāgatagarbha Sutras" are a collection of Mahayana sutras that present a unique model of Buddha-nature. Even though this collection was generally ignored in India, East Asian Buddhism provides some significance to these texts. | What is one explanation for the importance of clarity and emptiness of one's mind? | {
"text": [
"the potential for sentient beings to awaken since they are empty"
],
"answer_start": [
619
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
82e62d140cfdbcc1e1ce9795c69508e5ddf06644 | Buddhism | Besides emptiness, Mahayana schools often place emphasis on the notions of perfected spiritual insight (prajñāpāramitā) and Buddha-nature (tathāgatagarbha). There are conflicting interpretations of the tathāgatagarbha in Mahāyāna thought. The idea may be traced to Abhidharma, and ultimately to statements of the Buddha in the Nikāyas. In Tibetan Buddhism, according to the Sakya school, tathāgatagarbha is the inseparability of the clarity and emptiness of one's mind. In Nyingma, tathāgatagarbha also generally refers to inseparability of the clarity and emptiness of one's mind. According to the Gelug school, it is the potential for sentient beings to awaken since they are empty (i.e. dependently originated). According to the Jonang school, it refers to the innate qualities of the mind that expresses themselves as omniscience etc. when adventitious obscurations are removed. The "Tathāgatagarbha Sutras" are a collection of Mahayana sutras that present a unique model of Buddha-nature. Even though this collection was generally ignored in India, East Asian Buddhism provides some significance to these texts. | What idea can be traced to Abhidharma and to Buddha in the Nikayes? | {
"text": [
"tathāgatagarbha"
],
"answer_start": [
202
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
2f5e4c522142ed71c6aa8764fa2580f9588d117b | Buddhism | Besides emptiness, Mahayana schools often place emphasis on the notions of perfected spiritual insight (prajñāpāramitā) and Buddha-nature (tathāgatagarbha). There are conflicting interpretations of the tathāgatagarbha in Mahāyāna thought. The idea may be traced to Abhidharma, and ultimately to statements of the Buddha in the Nikāyas. In Tibetan Buddhism, according to the Sakya school, tathāgatagarbha is the inseparability of the clarity and emptiness of one's mind. In Nyingma, tathāgatagarbha also generally refers to inseparability of the clarity and emptiness of one's mind. According to the Gelug school, it is the potential for sentient beings to awaken since they are empty (i.e. dependently originated). According to the Jonang school, it refers to the innate qualities of the mind that expresses themselves as omniscience etc. when adventitious obscurations are removed. The "Tathāgatagarbha Sutras" are a collection of Mahayana sutras that present a unique model of Buddha-nature. Even though this collection was generally ignored in India, East Asian Buddhism provides some significance to these texts. | Based on the paragraph, distracting thoughts can be described as what? | {
"text": [
"adventitious obscurations"
],
"answer_start": [
844
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
fa076775c6eafd4c0d0f049c9bdc1107ed68f5fc | Buddhism | Besides emptiness, Mahayana schools often place emphasis on the notions of perfected spiritual insight (prajñāpāramitā) and Buddha-nature (tathāgatagarbha). There are conflicting interpretations of the tathāgatagarbha in Mahāyāna thought. The idea may be traced to Abhidharma, and ultimately to statements of the Buddha in the Nikāyas. In Tibetan Buddhism, according to the Sakya school, tathāgatagarbha is the inseparability of the clarity and emptiness of one's mind. In Nyingma, tathāgatagarbha also generally refers to inseparability of the clarity and emptiness of one's mind. According to the Gelug school, it is the potential for sentient beings to awaken since they are empty (i.e. dependently originated). According to the Jonang school, it refers to the innate qualities of the mind that expresses themselves as omniscience etc. when adventitious obscurations are removed. The "Tathāgatagarbha Sutras" are a collection of Mahayana sutras that present a unique model of Buddha-nature. Even though this collection was generally ignored in India, East Asian Buddhism provides some significance to these texts. | According to Jonang. what refers to the innate qualities of the mind that expresses themselves as omniscience when adventitious obsurations are removed? | {
"text": [
"tathāgatagarbha"
],
"answer_start": [
388
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
87ebba2d25ff03df3a36af371635d0255904b08c | Buddhism | Besides emptiness, Mahayana schools often place emphasis on the notions of perfected spiritual insight (prajñāpāramitā) and Buddha-nature (tathāgatagarbha). There are conflicting interpretations of the tathāgatagarbha in Mahāyāna thought. The idea may be traced to Abhidharma, and ultimately to statements of the Buddha in the Nikāyas. In Tibetan Buddhism, according to the Sakya school, tathāgatagarbha is the inseparability of the clarity and emptiness of one's mind. In Nyingma, tathāgatagarbha also generally refers to inseparability of the clarity and emptiness of one's mind. According to the Gelug school, it is the potential for sentient beings to awaken since they are empty (i.e. dependently originated). According to the Jonang school, it refers to the innate qualities of the mind that expresses themselves as omniscience etc. when adventitious obscurations are removed. The "Tathāgatagarbha Sutras" are a collection of Mahayana sutras that present a unique model of Buddha-nature. Even though this collection was generally ignored in India, East Asian Buddhism provides some significance to these texts. | Various definitions are offered by different Buddhist sects for the state of being known as? | {
"text": [
"tathāgatagarbha"
],
"answer_start": [
139
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
354dba3def8918474a10f69e692a8c34a548ad7b | Buddhism | Besides emptiness, Mahayana schools often place emphasis on the notions of perfected spiritual insight (prajñāpāramitā) and Buddha-nature (tathāgatagarbha). There are conflicting interpretations of the tathāgatagarbha in Mahāyāna thought. The idea may be traced to Abhidharma, and ultimately to statements of the Buddha in the Nikāyas. In Tibetan Buddhism, according to the Sakya school, tathāgatagarbha is the inseparability of the clarity and emptiness of one's mind. In Nyingma, tathāgatagarbha also generally refers to inseparability of the clarity and emptiness of one's mind. According to the Gelug school, it is the potential for sentient beings to awaken since they are empty (i.e. dependently originated). According to the Jonang school, it refers to the innate qualities of the mind that expresses themselves as omniscience etc. when adventitious obscurations are removed. The "Tathāgatagarbha Sutras" are a collection of Mahayana sutras that present a unique model of Buddha-nature. Even though this collection was generally ignored in India, East Asian Buddhism provides some significance to these texts. | According to Gelug, what is the potential for sentient beings to awaken since they are empty? | {
"text": [
"tathāgatagarbha"
],
"answer_start": [
388
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
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