messages
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[
{
"role": "system",
"content": "You are a helpful assistant."
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": "git-for-each-ref - Output information on each ref contents:subject"
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "The first paragraph of the message, which typically is a\nsingle line, is taken as the \"subject\" of the commit or the\ntag message.\nInstead of contents:subject , field subject can also be used to\nobtain same results. :sanitize can be appended to subject for\nsubject line suitable for filename."
}
] |
[
{
"role": "system",
"content": "You are a helpful assistant."
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Squash all my commits into one for GitHub pull request [duplicate]\n\nThis question already has answers here:\n \n \n\n\n\n\nHow do I squash my last N commits together?\n\n (46 answers)\n \n\nClosed 6 years ago.\n\n\n\nI made a pull request on GitHub. Now the owner of the repository is saying to squash all the commits into one.\nWhen I type git rebase -i Notepad opens with the following content:\nnoop\n\n# Rebase 0b13622..0b13622 onto 0b13622\n#\n# Commands:\n# p, pick = use commit\n# r, reword = use commit, but edit the commit message\n# e, edit = use commit, but stop for amending\n# s, squash = use commit, but meld into previous commit\n# f, fixup = like \"squash\", but discard this commit's log message\n# x, exec = run command (the rest of the line) using shell\n#\n# These lines can be re-ordered; they are executed from top to bottom.\n#\n# If you remove a line here THAT COMMIT WILL BE LOST.\n#\n# However, if you remove everything, the rebase will be aborted.\n#\n# Note that empty commits are commented out\n\nI searched on Google but I do not understand how to do this."
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "Just a simple addition to help someone else looking for this solution. You can pass in the number of previous commits you would like to squash. for example,\ngit rebase -i HEAD~3 \n\nThis will bring up the last 3 commits in the editor."
}
] |
[
{
"role": "system",
"content": "You are a helpful assistant."
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": "git-filter-branch - Rewrite branches --prune-empty"
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "Some filters will generate empty commits that leave the tree untouched.\nThis option instructs git-filter-branch to remove such commits if they\nhave exactly one or zero non-pruned parents; merge commits will\ntherefore remain intact. This option cannot be used together with --commit-filter , though the same effect can be achieved by using the\nprovided git_commit_non_empty_tree function in a commit filter."
}
] |
[
{
"role": "system",
"content": "You are a helpful assistant."
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": "git - the stupid content tracker git-http-push"
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "Push objects over HTTP/DAV to another repository"
}
] |
[
{
"role": "system",
"content": "You are a helpful assistant."
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": "git - the stupid content tracker git-config"
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "Get and set repository or global options"
}
] |
[
{
"role": "system",
"content": "You are a helpful assistant."
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": "git-diff - Show changes between commits, commit and working tree, etc ignore-space-change"
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "Ignore changes in amount of whitespace. This ignores whitespace\nat line end, and considers all other sequences of one or\nmore whitespace characters to be equivalent."
}
] |
[
{
"role": "system",
"content": "You are a helpful assistant."
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Gitlab API for all projects under group\n\nI want to get a list of all the projects which are under a particular group in Gitlab. Here is the example scenario:\nGroup A (id: 1) has 3 Project\n\nGroup A / Project 1\nGroup A / Project 2\nGroup A / Project 3\n\nGroup B (id: 2) has 5 Projects\n\nGroup B / Project 1\nGroup B / Project 2\nGroup B / Project 3\nGroup B / Project 4\nGroup B / Project 5\n\nNow if I hit the rest api GET /groups it will give me only the list of groups. If i hit the rest api GET /projects/all, it will give me a list of all the projects.\nWhat I am looking for, is an operation something like GET /groups/:groupid/projects/all\nThat is: all the projects for that particular group. Like if I say GET /groups/1/projects/all it will give me Project 1, Project 2 and Project 3.\nThe only way I can think of is to get a list of all the projects and loop over them to see if it matches my group name, but this will be lot of unnecessary parsing.\nHow can I achieve this in a better way?\nI am working on Gitlab CE 7.2.1. I am referring the Gitlab API documententation"
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "You can also use the recently released Gitlab GraphQL API to query groups by name :\n{\n group(fullPath: \"your_group_here\") {\n projects {\n nodes {\n name\n description\n httpUrlToRepo\n nameWithNamespace\n starCount\n }\n }\n }\n}\n\nYou can go to the following URL : https://[your_gitlab_host]/-/graphql-explorer and past the above query\nThe Graphql endpoint is a POST on \"https://$gitlab_url/api/graphql\"\nAn example using curl and jq:\ngitlab_url=<your gitlab host>\naccess_token=<your access token>\ngroup_name=<your group>\n\ncurl -s -H \"Authorization: Bearer $access_token\" \\\n -H \"Content-Type:application/json\" \\\n -d '{ \n \"query\": \"{ group(fullPath: \\\"'$group_name'\\\") { projects {nodes { name description httpUrlToRepo nameWithNamespace starCount}}}}\"\n }' \"https://$gitlab_url/api/graphql\" | jq '.'"
}
] |
[
{
"role": "system",
"content": "You are a helpful assistant."
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": "git-format-patch - Prepare patches for e-mail submission --range-diff=<previous>"
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "As a reviewer aid, insert a range-diff (see git-range-diff )\ninto the cover letter, or as commentary of the lone patch of a\n1-patch series, showing the differences between the previous\nversion of the patch series and the series currently being formatted. previous can be a single revision naming the tip of the previous\nseries if it shares a common base with the series being formatted (for\nexample git format-patch --cover-letter --range-diff=feature/v1 -3\nfeature/v2 ), or a revision range if the two versions of the series are\ndisjoint (for example git format-patch --cover-letter\n--range-diff=feature/v1~3..feature/v1 -3 feature/v2 ). Note that diff options passed to the command affect how the primary\nproduct of format-patch is generated, and they are not passed to\nthe underlying range-diff machinery used to generate the cover-letter\nmaterial (this may change in the future)."
}
] |
[
{
"role": "system",
"content": "You are a helpful assistant."
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": "git-pull - Fetch from and integrate with another repository or a local branch"
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "EXAMPLES Update the remote-tracking branches for the repository\nyou cloned from, then merge one of them into your\ncurrent branch: $ git pull\n$ git pull origin Normally the branch merged in is the HEAD of the remote repository,\nbut the choice is determined by the branch.<name>.remote and\nbranch.<name>.merge options; see git-config for details. Merge into the current branch the remote branch next : $ git pull origin next This leaves a copy of next temporarily in FETCH_HEAD, and\nupdates the remote-tracking branch origin/next .\nThe same can be done by invoking fetch and merge: $ git fetch origin\n$ git merge origin/next If you tried a pull which resulted in complex conflicts and\nwould want to start over, you can recover with git reset ."
}
] |
[
{
"role": "system",
"content": "You are a helpful assistant."
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": "What to do with commit made in a detached head\nUsing git I made something like this\ngit clone\ngit checkout {a rev number tree rev before} (here I started to be in a detached head state)\n//hacking\ngit commit\n//hacking\ngit commit\n(some commit where made on origin/master)\ngit pull (which does complete because there was some error due to the fact that I'm no more on master)\n\nBecause it said to me that I can still commit when in a detached head state, I did so.\nBut now I want to like merge my detached head branch and my local master branch, and then push my bunch of changes to origin/master.\nSo my question is how could I merge the master branch with my actual state (detached head)"
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "Create a branch where you are, then switch to master and merge it:\ngit switch -c my-temporary-work\ngit switch master\ngit merge my-temporary-work"
}
] |
[
{
"role": "system",
"content": "You are a helpful assistant."
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Fatal: ambiguous argument '<branch_name>': both revision and filename\nHere is what I did:\n\nI ran git checkout -b branch_name.\nI made some commits on branch_name.\nI checked out the master branch and did a fast-foward merge.\n\nWhen I run git log branch_name --oneline, I get the following message:\nfatal: ambiguous argument 'branch_name': both revision and filename\nUse '--' to separate paths from revisions, like this:\n'git <command> [<revision>...] -- [<file>...]'\n\nWhat could be the problem?"
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "It's telling you that you have a branch named 'branch_name' and also a file or a directory named 'branch_name'.\nIf you want the command to treat 'branch_name' as a branch use\ngit log --oneline branch_name --\n\nif you want it to treat 'branch_name' as a file use \ngit log --oneline -- branch_name"
}
] |
[
{
"role": "system",
"content": "You are a helpful assistant."
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": "How do you attach a new pull request to an existing issue on github?\nI'm not sure, but I have a vague memory of creating a github pull request with \"Issue 4\" or something in the title, and it automatically attached itself to Issue 4 in the project that I was submitting it to. I tried it again recently and it didn't work -- it just created a brand new issue instead. I don't see any options like \"Attach to issue\" on the new pull request page, nor \"Open a new pull request for this issue\" on the issue page. Is there any way to do this, to help project owners keep their Issues page clean and avoid duplication?\nEdit: To clarify, I know that creating a pull request always creates a new issue. I would like to instead attach the pull request to an existing issue."
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "Adding a pull request to an existing upstream issue is easy assuming you forked using the normal github means. \nSimply reference the issue in your commit message using any of the supported keywords:\n\nclose\ncloses\nclosed\nfix\nfixes\nfixed\nresolve\nresolves\nresolved\n\nFor example: \"this commit fixes #116\"\nThe text referencing the issue does not need to appear in the subject line of your commit.\nPush your commit to your github repo and the pull request will be automatically appended to the issue. \nNote: While it is not required, it is strongly recommended that you commit anything that will be part of a pull request to a separate branch specific to that issue, because future commits on that branch will be appended to the pull request (automatically by github). So, if you didn't make a separate branch, left it on master, and then kept developing, then all your unrelated commits to master would get appended to your pull request."
}
] |
[
{
"role": "system",
"content": "You are a helpful assistant."
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": "ANSI color in git is not displayed correctly\nRecently, I switched to SLES 11. I found a problem for git command. All the ANSI color could not be rendered. Instead, it shows the ANSI code like this:\n*ESC[33m*commit 0a02124a0fd85c1f0094bcdf15bac1645e3c8630ESC[m\nnote: the ansi color in 'ls' works very well."
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "Try setting your LESS environment variable to include the -R option:\nLESS=-R git grep ...\n\nIf this works, add export LESS=-R to your ~/.bashrc or ~/.profile or similar shell startup file.\n -R or --RAW-CONTROL-CHARS\n Like -r, but only ANSI \"color\" escape sequences are\n output in \"raw\" form. Unlike -r, the screen\n appearance is maintained correctly in most cases.\n ANSI \"color\" escape sequences are sequences of the\n form:\n\n ESC [ ... m\n\n where the \"...\" is zero or more color specification\n characters"
}
] |
[
{
"role": "system",
"content": "You are a helpful assistant."
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": "\"fatal: Not a git repository (or any of the parent directories)\" from git status\nThis command works to get the files and compile them:\ngit clone a-valid-git-url\n\nfor example:\ngit clone git://cfdem.git.sourceforge.net/gitroot/cfdem/liggghts\n\nHowever, git status (or any other git command) then gives the above fatal: Not a git repository (or any of the parent directories) error.\nWhat am I doing wrong?"
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "You have to actually cd into the directory first:\n$ git clone git://cfdem.git.sourceforge.net/gitroot/cfdem/liggghts\nCloning into 'liggghts'...\nremote: Counting objects: 3005, done.\nremote: Compressing objects: 100% (2141/2141), done.\nremote: Total 3005 (delta 1052), reused 2714 (delta 827)\nReceiving objects: 100% (3005/3005), 23.80 MiB | 2.22 MiB/s, done.\nResolving deltas: 100% (1052/1052), done.\n\n$ git status\nfatal: Not a git repository (or any of the parent directories): .git\n$ cd liggghts/\n$ git status\n# On branch master\nnothing to commit (working directory clean)"
}
] |
[
{
"role": "system",
"content": "You are a helpful assistant."
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": "git-rebase - Reapply commits on top of another base tip rebase.autoSquash"
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "If set to true, enable the --autosquash option of git-rebase by default for interactive mode.\nThis can be overridden with the --no-autosquash option."
}
] |
[
{
"role": "system",
"content": "You are a helpful assistant."
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": "git-config - Get and set repository or global options always"
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "always show in columns"
}
] |
[
{
"role": "system",
"content": "You are a helpful assistant."
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": "git-stash - Stash the changes in a dirty working directory away -u --include-untracked --no-include-untracked"
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "When used with the push and save commands,\nall untracked files are also stashed and then cleaned up with git clean . When used with the show command, show the untracked files in the stash\nentry as part of the diff."
}
] |
[
{
"role": "system",
"content": "You are a helpful assistant."
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": "git-apply - Apply a patch to files and/or to the index <patch>…"
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "The files to read the patch from. - can be used to read\nfrom the standard input."
}
] |
[
{
"role": "system",
"content": "You are a helpful assistant."
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": "git-diff - Show changes between commits, commit and working tree, etc lines"
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "Compute the dirstat numbers by doing the regular line-based diff\nanalysis, and summing the removed/added line counts. (For binary\nfiles, count 64-byte chunks instead, since binary files have no\nnatural concept of lines). This is a more expensive --dirstat behavior than the changes behavior, but it does count rearranged\nlines within a file as much as other changes. The resulting output\nis consistent with what you get from the other --*stat options."
}
] |
[
{
"role": "system",
"content": "You are a helpful assistant."
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": "git - the stupid content tracker gitsubmodules"
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "Mounting one repository inside another"
}
] |
[
{
"role": "system",
"content": "You are a helpful assistant."
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Git - Different Remote for each Branch\n\nI'm unsure of how to ask this properly but I'll try and do my best - I'm by no means a Git aficionado, I know how to use the basic commands but not advanced terminology/functionality.\nI have a private repository myrepo cloned from a private server git.mydomain.com. I'm familiar with the process of branching code on the same repository with git checkout -b mybranch - however I'd like to branch to GitHub rather than my private server, resulting in something like this:\nRepo Branch Remote Location (Purpose)\n------------------------------------------------------------\nmyrepo --> private --> git.mydomain.com (Incremental work)\n |\n +------> public --> github.com (Public releases)\n\nEssentially I'd like to be able to git checkout public and git merge private."
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "You can set a different branch to push to a different server for individual branches by using these commands:\nAs of Git 1.8.0:\ngit branch --set-upstream-to origin/foo foo\n\nNote: If the last foo is left out, it will choose the current branch.\nAs of Git 1.7.0:\ngit branch --set-upstream foo origin/foo\n\nIn your case, you would use this by adding your two remotes (mydomain and github) and setting each branch to push to them individually. It might look something like this:\nMake sure you add the remotes if you haven't already:\ngit remote add github git://github.com/foo/myrepo.git\ngit remote add mydomain git://git.mydomain.com/foo/myrepo.git\n\nThen set the branches to push to the right places:\ngit branch --set-upstream-to mydomain/private private\ngit branch --set-upstream-to github/public public\n\nAfter this is all set up, you can push and pull just by using git push and git pull. This will push and pull to the github remote when you're on the public branch, and to your mydomain.com remote when you're on your private branch."
}
] |
[
{
"role": "system",
"content": "You are a helpful assistant."
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": "git-rev-list - Lists commit objects in reverse chronological order %ce"
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "committer email"
}
] |
[
{
"role": "system",
"content": "You are a helpful assistant."
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": "How do you display a section of plain text in GitHub markdown?\n\nI'm having a hard time finding any real answer to this (really simple?) question on Google, and I'm starting to worry that there is no solution.\nI am learning GitHub markdown. I would like to show some example code that contains fake email address like [email protected]. But GitHub insists on auto-linking this text. I also have a large chunk of text that has many special characters.\nIs there a way to escape blocks or sections so that no special characters are processed, and no auto-links are generated?"
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "Wrap the block in backticks:\n```text\ncode();\n[email protected]\n```"
}
] |
[
{
"role": "system",
"content": "You are a helpful assistant."
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": "What is required to get a Flask app running on Github pages?\n\nRecently I have been trying to create a personal website using a Flask app with Github pages. Once creating a repository titled .github.io and placing an a file titled index.html it will appear live at the address .github.io. However, once this file is deleted and replaced with a basic Flask application then a 404 page appears.\nWhat is required to get a Flask app running on Github pages?"
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "You can't host a python application on Github pages, it's designed for simple static file hosting. You could use something like Flask-Frozen to turn your Flask application into static pages, but then you obviously have some big tradeoffs depending on your site's functionality."
}
] |
[
{
"role": "system",
"content": "You are a helpful assistant."
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": "GitLab CI - Shorten variable value\n\nI'm trying to enable Review Apps for my project with automatic deploy to Heroku for branches. Each deployment should have the following address:\nhttps://prefix-<branch-name>.herokuapp.com\n\nHeroku requires app names to be no longer than 30 characters, so my jobs should shorten the branch name, if it's too long.\nI've tried to do this in a common Unix way, like this:\nvariables:\n REVIEW_APP_NAME: \"prefix-${CI_COMMIT_REF_SLUG:0:23}\"\n\nBut it resolved to \"prefix-\".\nI have also found the following solution, which allowed me to use the shortened branch name in the script section. But it still can't be used in environment url parameter. And this leads to app being deployed to Heroku, but doesn't tracked by GitLab at all (no deployment in the Environments list and no action on branch deletion).\nvariables:\n REVIEW_APP_NAME: \"prefix-$${CI_COMMIT_REF_SLUG:0:23}\"\n\nbefore_script:\n - eval export REVIEW_APP_NAME=${REVIEW_APP_NAME}\n\nAre there any other ways to achieve proper behavior?"
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "We use a simple bash script for that purpose:\n#!/bin/bash\nset -e\n\nout=${1:0:40}\nif [[ $out =~ ^.*-$ ]]; then\n out=${out:0:-1}\nfi\necho $out\n\nThe if statement checks that the string does not end with a trailing dash.\nWe then use our script in the CI like this:\n[...]\n script:\n - export CI_COMMIT_REF_NAME=$(./infrastructure/utils/shorten_branchname.sh $CI_COMMIT_REF_NAME)\n[...]\n\nFor images that use docker or alpine you need to install bash before:\n[...]\nbefore_script:\n - apk add --update bash\n[...]"
}
] |
[
{
"role": "system",
"content": "You are a helpful assistant."
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": "git - the stupid content tracker git-bisect"
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "Use binary search to find the commit that introduced a bug"
}
] |
[
{
"role": "system",
"content": "You are a helpful assistant."
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Delete all tags from a Git repository\nI want to delete all the tags from a Git repository. How can I do that?\nUsing git tag -d tagname delete the tag tagname locally, and using git push --tags I update the tags on the git provider.\nI tried:\ngit tag -d *\n\nBut I see that * means the files from the current directory.\n$ git tag -d *\nerror: tag 'file1' not found.\nerror: tag 'file2' not found.\n...\n\nConsider I have a lot of tags, and I want to delete them, all."
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "git tag | xargs git tag -d\n\nSimply follow the Unix philosophy where you pipe everything.\nOn Windows use git bash with the same command."
}
] |
[
{
"role": "system",
"content": "You are a helpful assistant."
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Can't clone private repo on github from SourceTree\n\nA similar issue is described here however, my symptoms are a little different and none of the steps there seemed to work. Nor does the suggestion here work.\nI'm attempting to use SourceTree to clone a private repo belonging to github organization of which I am a part. I have full permissions to view and commit to the repo, I can see it online when I log in, AND I can clone just fine with the command line and also via the github desktop application. It only fails in SourceTree. \nFurther, it is not bad credentials or anything like that, because I can clone, commit and push to my other non-private repos on github using SourceTree with my github credentials.\nFrom the \"Clone a Repository\" dialog I enter the source URL, which looks something like this:\nhttps://github.com/MyOrgName/reponame.git\n\nI tab off of that field and it populates the destination path and name fields, but at the bottom of the dialog is a yellow exclamation point with this error:\nThis is not a valid source path / URL\n\nIf I click the error message, it brings up the \"Details\" dialog, which states the following (twice for some reason):\nremote: Repository not found.\nfatal: repository 'https://github.com/MyOrgName/reponame.git/' not found\nremote: Repository not found.\nfatal: repository 'https://github.com/MyOrgName/reponame.git/' not found\n\nI have also tried this by adding my username to the url like so:\nhttps://[email protected]/MyOrgName/reponame.git\n\nbut no luck there either."
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "It happens because Sourcetree didn't get some private access from Github while authenticating. So the solution is very simple.\n\nLogin to your Github account on any browser.\n\nFrom the top right corner select SETTINGS.\n\nNow select DEVELOPER SETTINGS.\n\nFrom DEVELOPER SETTINGS select PERSONAL ACCESS TOKEN.\n\nNow from PERSONAL ACCESS TOKEN select GENERATE TOKEN.\n\nFill Note as Sourcetree and Check All Scopes from the checkbox as shown in the below screenshots.\n\nAfter Click on Generate Token.\n\nNow Open Sourcetree.\n\nClick on Options in Tools menu & Click add Account.\n\nSelect options as shown below screenshot.\n\nEnter username as your Github account username and password as Generated Token from Github.\n\nClick on SAVE now you might see all your repository are visible and can clone too.\n\n\nHope it helps."
}
] |
[
{
"role": "system",
"content": "You are a helpful assistant."
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Change timestamps while rebasing git branch\nI have reorganized the commits in a branch before it is going to be made public causing the timestamps of the commits to be in an mixed up order. I would rather have them be all be today with only seconds in between.\nObviously these time stamps won't be correct either, but since this is the time when things go public I prefer that over a mixed up history, time-wise.\nSo how do I tell git to create new timestamps while rebasing?"
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "Use --ignore-date:\ngit rebase --ignore-date"
}
] |
[
{
"role": "system",
"content": "You are a helpful assistant."
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": "git-apply - Apply a patch to files and/or to the index -p<n>"
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "Remove <n> leading path components (separated by slashes) from\ntraditional diff paths. E.g., with -p2 , a patch against a/dir/file will be applied directly to file . The default is\n1."
}
] |
[
{
"role": "system",
"content": "You are a helpful assistant."
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": "git - the stupid content tracker git-ls-files"
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "Show information about files in the index and the working tree"
}
] |
[
{
"role": "system",
"content": "You are a helpful assistant."
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": "git-format-patch - Prepare patches for e-mail submission --thread[=<style>] --no-thread"
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "Controls addition of In-Reply-To and References headers to\nmake the second and subsequent mails appear as replies to the\nfirst. Also controls generation of the Message-ID header to\nreference. The optional <style> argument can be either shallow or deep . shallow threading makes every mail a reply to the head of the\nseries, where the head is chosen from the cover letter, the --in-reply-to , and the first patch mail, in this order. deep threading makes every mail a reply to the previous one. The default is --no-thread , unless the format.thread configuration\nis set. --thread without an argument is equivalent to --thread=shallow . Beware that the default for git send-email is to thread emails\nitself. If you want git format-patch to take care of threading, you\nwill want to ensure that threading is disabled for git send-email ."
}
] |
[
{
"role": "system",
"content": "You are a helpful assistant."
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Git: what does the number of +/- signs in diff / merge output mean? [duplicate]\nThis question already has answers here:\n \n \n\n\n\nClosed 11 years ago.\n\n\n\n\nPossible Duplicate:\nGit Merge: What does this mean?\nGit diff --stat explanation \n\nSorry for the stupid question, but i can't find a clear answer anywhere.\nWhen you merge two branches in git, you get an output like that :\n some_file.txt | 564 ++++++++++++++--\n\nI undestand that + and - mean addition and deletion, but : \n\nwhat does the number of signs represent ? \nwhen you have few changes, each sign seem to represent a line, but when you have more signs, i can't get the logic of the representation\nis it some sort of percentage of changes ? My guess is that the number of signs represents a relative amount of changes - but relative to what ? current file ? the whole merge ?\nhow is it calculated ? Is there any official source about this ? The most accurate answer i had on this by now is \"this representation is not very precise\"... i'm just curious"
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "It supposed to reflect the number of changes (in lines) to each file listed.\nPlus signs for additions, minuses for deletions. \nEDIT:\nthe 564 gives the amount of changed lines, and the - / + gives you the proportion of deletions/additions.\nWhen the amount of changes can fit a line you'll get '+' per addition, '-' per deletion;\nOtherwise, this is an approximation, e.g. \nCHANGES.txt | 47 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++\nmake-release.py | 77 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++----------------\n2 files changed, 102 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)\n\nOn CHANGES.txt since you can see that there are no '-', and since 47 '+' are a lot you have a proportionate amount of them (i.e. 100%).\nOn make-release.py you'll see x39 '+' standing for 55 additions and x16 '-' standing for 22 deletions.\nExactly as their proportion, and just the amount to fit output screen.\nHope that helps."
}
] |
[
{
"role": "system",
"content": "You are a helpful assistant."
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Github/compare: How to diff two different files (different file names, both in HEAD)?\n\nCan I use the github /compare to display the difference between two different source files in HEAD?\nHere is how I do it on the command line with git diff:\n\ngit diff HEAD:docs/tutorial/01-boxed-function-pointers.cpp HEAD:docs/tutorial/02-raw-actors.cpp\n\nMy best guess at the github syntax is the following. But it doesn't work:\nhttps://github.com/RossBencina/Fractorp/compare/HEAD:docs/tutorial/01-boxed-function-pointers.cpp...HEAD:docs/tutorial/02-raw-actors.cpp\nI specifically want an on-line pretty-printed HTML render of the diff.\nIf this can't be done with github, can anyone recommend a third-party website that will render diffs of two arbitrary files hosted on github?\nEdit #1:\nThanks to the answers who recommended https://www.diffchecker.com. However, I need to be able to specify the source files as current HEAD on github. Any third-party tool would need to automatically pull the latest source files from github repo URLs. I notice that http://www.mergely.com can import source from URLs. However I am looking for a live view that always uses the latest HEAD.\nThank you."
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "I sometimes use Diff Checker tool on the diffchecker website. It is an online diff tool to compare text differences between two text files.\nLink: https://www.diffchecker.com/diff"
}
] |
[
{
"role": "system",
"content": "You are a helpful assistant."
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": ".gitignore for everything inside the xcuserdata folder does not ignore an xcuserstate file\nI'm working in a Xcode project, and I'm trying to configure the .gitignore to not get anything inside the xcuserdata folder.\nI have the following .gitignore:\n# Xcode\n.DS_Store\n*/build/*\n*.pbxuser\n!default.pbxuser\n*.mode1v3\n!default.mode1v3\n*.mode2v3\n!default.mode2v3\n*.perspectivev3\n!default.perspectivev3\nxcuserdata\nprofile\n*.moved-aside\nDerivedData\n.idea/\n*.hmap\nxcuserdata/*\n\nbut every time that I build/run the project and execute git status, it still shows the following midified file:\nmodified: MyProject.xcodeproj/project.xcworkspace/xcuserdata/fernando.xcuserdatad/UserInterfaceState.xcuserstate\n\nDoes anybody have any idea what's wrong?"
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "I found the solution\nthe problem was not in the .gitignore file\nthe problem was the UserInterfaceState.xcuserstate that was not removed from git server, found the solution in the following link:\nCan't ignore UserInterfaceState.xcuserstate"
}
] |
[
{
"role": "system",
"content": "You are a helpful assistant."
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": "I need to pop up and trash away a \"middle\" commit in my master branch. How can I do it?\n\nFor example, in the following master branch, I need to trash just the commit af5c7bf16e6f04321f966b4231371b21475bc4da, which is the second due to previous rebase:\ncommit 60b413512e616997c8b929012cf9ca56bf5c9113\nAuthor: Luca G. Soave <[email protected]>\nDate: Tue Apr 12 23:50:15 2011 +0200\n\n add generic config/initializers/omniauth.example.rb\n\ncommit af5c7bf16e6f04321f966b4231371b21475bc4da\nAuthor: Luca G. Soave <[email protected]>\nDate: Fri Apr 22 00:15:50 2011 +0200\n\n show github user info if logged\n\ncommit e6523efada4d75084e81971c4dc2aec621d45530\nAuthor: Luca G. Soave <[email protected]>\nDate: Fri Apr 22 17:20:48 2011 +0200\n\n add multiple .container at blueprint layout\n\ncommit 414ceffc40ea4ac36ca68e6dd0a9ee97e73dee22\nAuthor: Luca G. Soave <[email protected]>\nDate: Thu Apr 21 19:55:57 2011 +0200\n\n add %h1 Fantastic Logo + .right for 'Sign in with Github'\n\nI need to mantain\n\nthe First commit 60b413512e616997c8b929012cf9ca56bf5c9113,\nthe Third commit e6523efada4d75084e81971c4dc2aec621d45530 and\nthe Last commit 414ceffc40ea4ac36ca68e6dd0a9ee97e73dee22\n\n\"throwing away\" just the Second commit af5c7bf16e6f04321f966b4231371b21475bc4da\nHow can I do that?"
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "Rebase or revert are the options. Rebase will actually remove the commit from the history so it will look like that second commit never existed. This will be a problem if you've pushed the master branch out to any other repos. If you try to push after a rebase in this case, git will give you a reject non fast-forward merges error.\nRevert is the correct solution when the branch has been shared with other repos. git revert af5c7bf16 will make a new commit that simply reverses the changes that af5c7bf16 introduced. This way the history is not rewritten, you maintain a clear record of the mistake, and other repos will accept the push.\nHere's a good way to erase: git rebase -i <commit>^\nThat takes you to the commit just before the one you want to remove. The interactive editor will show you a list of all the commits back to that point. You can pick, squash, etc. In this case remove the line for the commit you want to erase and save the file. Rebase will finish its work."
}
] |
[
{
"role": "system",
"content": "You are a helpful assistant."
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": "git - the stupid content tracker git-name-rev"
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "Find symbolic names for given revs"
}
] |
[
{
"role": "system",
"content": "You are a helpful assistant."
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": "git-log - Show commit logs blocks"
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "Blocks of moved text of at least 20 alphanumeric characters\nare detected greedily. The detected blocks are\npainted using either the color.diff.{old,new}Moved color.\nAdjacent blocks cannot be told apart."
}
] |
[
{
"role": "system",
"content": "You are a helpful assistant."
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": "fatal: Unable to read current working directory: No such file or directory\nI'm a Windows 10 user, using gitbash as a command prompt. \nAfter I changed the branch to master, suddenly I'm struck with this error message.\nREDMOND+ahkim@ahkim-1211 MINGW64 /c/git/src/SI_leadscore/SalesIntelligence/LeadScore/Model (aerin/LeadOptimizerModel)\n$ git checkout master\nSwitched to a new branch 'master'\nBranch 'master' set up to track remote branch 'master' from 'origin'.\n\nREDMOND+ahkim@ahkim-1211 MINGW64 /c/git/src/SI_leadscore/SalesIntelligence/LeadScore/Model\n$ git checkout LeadOptimizerModel\nfatal: Unable to read current working directory: No such file or directory\n\nREDMOND+ahkim@ahkim-1211 MINGW64 /c/git/src/SI_leadscore/SalesIntelligence/LeadScore/Model\n$ git branch\nfatal: Unable to read current working directory: No such file or directory\n\nREDMOND+ahkim@ahkim-1211 MINGW64 /c/git/src/SI_leadscore/SalesIntelligence/LeadScore/Model\n$ git status\nfatal: Unable to read current working directory: No such file or directory\n\ngit checkout, git branch, git status, etc.\nNone of them works."
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "Your current directory doesn't exist on the master branch. It was deleted when you checked it out. cd .. a few times until you find a directory that exists."
}
] |
[
{
"role": "system",
"content": "You are a helpful assistant."
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": "git-diff - Show changes between commits, commit and working tree, etc --patch-with-raw"
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "Synonym for -p --raw ."
}
] |
[
{
"role": "system",
"content": "You are a helpful assistant."
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": "git status (nothing to commit, working directory clean), however with changes commited\n\nI found many questions with similar subject, but I didn't found any practical guidance about this issue: why git status informs me nothing to commit, working directory clean, even tough I have made a modification at my local branch?\nHere are the steps which I followed:\n\ngit init [On branch master - Initial commit, nothing to commit (create/copy files and use \"git add\" to track)]\ngit remote add https://github.com/username/project.git\ngit pull origin master\ntouch test\ngit add test\ngit commit -m \"Adding file for test purposes only.\"\ngit status [On branch master - nothing to commit, working directory clean]\n\nIf I do a git push, the modification is committed to the remote branch. I just want to perform \"git status\" after my modifications, and receive the information that I have changes on my local branch that must be pushed to the remote branch of the project.\nWhat's going on?"
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "Your local branch doesn't know about the remote branch. If you don't tell git that your local branch (master) is supposed to compare itself to the remote counterpart (origin/master in this case); then git status won't tell you the difference between your branch and the remote one. So you should use:\ngit branch --set-upstream-to origin/master\n\nor with the short option:\ngit branch -u origin/master\n\nThis options --set-upstream-to (or -u in short) was introduced in git 1.8.0.\nOnce you have set this option; git status will show you something like:\n# Your branch is ahead of 'origin/master' by 1 commit."
}
] |
[
{
"role": "system",
"content": "You are a helpful assistant."
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": "GitHub: A tag but not a release\nI want to tag a certain commit. When I push the tag, GitHub assumes it's a release, I don't want that.\nIs there a way to just push the tag without releasing?"
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "GitHub, by default, creates a \"release\" point when you push a tag (like you can see in my project), but that doesn't mean it creates an actual release.\nBy default, a tag has one deliverable associated to the tag, and that is the compressed sources of the repo.\nCreating a release means associating other deliverables (executables or other binaries) that you may wish to publish under that tag/release.\nBut you don't have to add any more files (other then the sources) if you don't want to.\nSo: by default, you don't have any release, only \"release placeholders\" (one per tag), for you to create a release.\nAs long as you don't upload a binary to a new release, the tags that you have pushed don't represent a release.\n\nUpdate\nAs of 2017-05-31, Github support has stated it's \"not currently possible as all tags will appear in [the release] list\" - they said they'd pass it along as a feature request, though.\n\n2018-04-17 A \"new request on Github community\" says it is in the feature request.\n\n2021-10-04: a new public beta of GitHub Releases states:\n\nTags no longer show in the Release list view"
}
] |
[
{
"role": "system",
"content": "You are a helpful assistant."
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Moving an existing GitLab project into a new subgroup\nJust started out using self hosted GitLab... it looks like it's going to be really useful moving towards a DevOps workflow.\nAnyway, after migrating about 20 local Git repositories to the new GitLab server, neatly arranged into 4 groups. I then noticed you can actually have sub-groups within the groups. This would help organisation even further, but I'm struggling to work out how to move the existing projects I've spent a day importing and configuring into a newly created sub-group. Sure I could just create a new project and copy the files over and commit them into the new project, and spend the time reconfiguring the project.\nIs there an easy way of moving the existing configured Project from the group into the new subgroup?"
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "Turns out the \"slug\" for a project... the part of the URL after the GitLab server domain name is made up of the \"namespace\" and the project name. The name space is the group/subgroup path, so I was looking to transfer project to new namespace.\nSo for example if the group is \"important-group\" and project is called \"project\". Then the slug will be something like /important-group/project. To then move that to /important-group/sub-group/project, we need to create the new subgroup (down arrow next to the \"New project\" button). Then change the project namespace.\nTo do this, go to the project page, click the settings button (cog bottom left). Go to the Advanced settings section. And it's just below the rename project option.\nnote: you need to have \"owner\" privileges on the project otherwise the settings don't appear... maintainer or developer is not enough.\n\nJust select the new subgroup and your done!\nHere is the GitLab docs link with more info on managing projects in GitLab, in case that is useful to anyone."
}
] |
[
{
"role": "system",
"content": "You are a helpful assistant."
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": "The authenticity of host 'github.com (192.30.252.128)' can't be established\n\nI am trying to use\nsudo npm install\n\nto install all my dependencies for an application written in nodejs. My OS is Ubuntu 13.04\nHowever, I keep getting this warning:\nThe authenticity of host 'github.com (192.30.252.131)' can't be established.\nRSA key fingerprint is 16:27:ac:a5:76:28:1d:52:13:1a:21:2d:bz:1d:66:a8.\nAre you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)?\n\nHas anyone encountered this warning before? Is it possible to authenticate and store the fingerprint locally? So I won't need to authenticate again when I enter sudo npm install another time.\nRight now, I am unable to enter anything, not even \"yes\". My terminal just gets stuck, i have to press Ctrl+C to terminate."
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "Danger ahead, unless you actually don't care about secure communication with github on your local account\nSsh rightly complains that they can't make sure you are indeed connecting to github's server through a secure channel. That might be why github is recommending https access, which works out-of-the-box thanks to its public key infrastructure.\nNow, you can have it work, but be aware that it involves caching a public key fingerprint which, if done incorrectly, provides an attacker permanent man-in-the-middle attack.\nHow to proceed safely?\nOption 1 is use https url instead of ssh.\nOption 2 is have ssh access work.\nOkay, show me option 2\n\nDo ssh -T [email protected] but don't just type \"yes\".\nCheck if the hash that is shown matches one of the hashed shown in https://docs.github.com/en/authentication/keeping-your-account-and-data-secure/githubs-ssh-key-fingerprints (in your question it does, and see, the page is fetched through https for the same public key infrastructure reasons).\n\nIf the hash matches, then connection is indeed safe you can answer \"yes\" to ssh's question.\nOkay, I checked and typed yes, how do I know it works?\nSsh will show something like:\n\nWarning: Permanently added the RSA host key for IP address\n'192.30.252.128' to the list of known hosts.\n\nAfter that, you will either see a message like\n\nPermission denied (publickey).\n\nwhich is good but shows that you need further configuration, or simply\n\nHi yourlogin! You've successfully authenticated, but GitHub does not\nprovide shell access.\n\nwhich means that all works well and you can retry your first operation.\nNotice that if you retry the same ssh command, it should no longer ask the question."
}
] |
[
{
"role": "system",
"content": "You are a helpful assistant."
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": "How do I see my git remote url?\nI'm sure this is a very silly question, but I searched here and online and couldn't find an answer. \nI have a project setup in intellij to some git server, I just want to see the details (e.g. to send to someone else the URL so they can clone etc...) how do I simply display the current project's git remote settings within Intellij IDEA, not using the command line? (version 14)\nOr do I have to go to the command line for that? (I know how to do it in the git command line)"
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "try\ngit remote show origin\n\nit will show the URL or the remote repo"
}
] |
[
{
"role": "system",
"content": "You are a helpful assistant."
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": "SSH is looking in the wrong place for the public/private key pair on Windows\n\nI'm trying to configure GIT on my Windows XP machine, but SSH keeps creating and looking for the public/private key pair in non-sensical places, e.g. /.ssh/id_rsa\nIs there a configuration file in the GIT Installation for Windows where I can switch this to my home directory, or another user defined place? By default, it offers to create new key pairs at //.ssh/id_rsa but that gives me the error \"Could not create directory '//.ssh'.\" And when I'm able to find a directory I can create it in, GIT won't look there."
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "Figured out how to manually set my home directory in Windows XP:\n\nRight click \"My Computer\"\nChoose the \"Advanced\" tab\nClick the \"Environmental Variables\" button\nUnder the \"System variables\" section, click \"New\"\nIn the \"Variable name\" enter in \"home\".\nIn the \"Variable value\" enter in the path to your profile.\n\nTo do the same via command prompt do :\nsetx HOME \"your\\path\\to\\home\"\n\n( Please note the suffix x - This is used to persist the change )"
}
] |
[
{
"role": "system",
"content": "You are a helpful assistant."
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Changing git commit message after push (given that no one pulled from remote)\nI have made a git commit and subsequent push. I would like to change the commit message. If I understand correctly, this is not advisable because someone might have pulled from the remote repository before I make such changes. What if I know that no one has pulled? \nIs there a way to do this?"
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "Changing history\nIf it is the most recent commit, you can simply do this:\ngit commit --amend\n\nThis brings up the editor with the last commit message and lets you edit the message. (You can use -m if you want to wipe out the old message and use a new one.)\nPushing\nAnd then when you push, do this:\ngit push --force-with-lease <repository> <branch>\n\nOr you can use \"+\":\ngit push <repository> +<branch>\n\nOr you can use --force:\ngit push --force <repository> <branch>\n\nBe careful when using these commands.\n\nIf someone else pushed changes to the same branch, you probably want to avoid destroying those changes. The --force-with-lease option is the safest, because it will abort if there are any upstream changes (\nIf you don't specify the branch explicitly, Git will use the default push settings. If your default push setting is \"matching\", then you may destroy changes on several branches at the same time. \n\nPulling / fetching afterwards\nAnyone who already pulled will now get an error message, and they will need to update (assuming they aren't making any changes themselves) by doing something like this:\ngit fetch origin\ngit reset --hard origin/master # Loses local commits\n\nBe careful when using reset --hard. If you have changes to the branch, those changes will be destroyed.\nA note about modifying history\nThe destroyed data is really just the old commit message, but --force doesn't know that, and will happily delete other data too. So think of --force as \"I want to destroy data, and I know for sure what data is being destroyed.\" But when the destroyed data is committed, you can often recover old commits from the reflog—the data is actually orphaned instead of destroyed (although orphaned commits are periodically deleted).\nIf you don't think you're destroying data, then stay away from --force... bad things might happen.\nThis is why --force-with-lease is somewhat safer."
}
] |
[
{
"role": "system",
"content": "You are a helpful assistant."
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": "GitLab CI - Reuse rules with !reference tag\n\nAccording to GitLab's CI documentation about !reference tag, it says:\n\nUse the !reference custom YAML tag to select keyword configuration from other job sections and reuse it in the current section. Unlike YAML anchors, you can use !reference tags to reuse configuration from included configuration files as well.\n\nCan we use the !reference tag to reuse rules or any other allowed keyword?"
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "See GitLab 14.3 (September 2021):\n\nSupport merging CI/CD rules arrays with !reference\nThe YAML !reference tag introduced earlier this year helps you reuse and combine configuration.\nThis is a very flexible way to combine frequently reused configuration with job-specific configuration in one or more jobs.\nHowever, using it with the rules keyword was not supported yet.\nIn 14.3, we’ve added !reference support to the rules keyword, so you can now mix and match rules more easily, including with configuration from different files.\nYou can use the CI/CD pipeline editor to view the merged configuration.\n\nSee Documentation and Issue."
}
] |
[
{
"role": "system",
"content": "You are a helpful assistant."
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": "How to force git to add dotfiles to repository\nGit seems to always ignore these.\nWhen I type git add ., dotfiles in GIT_DIR are added, but not from subdirectories. On the other hand, git add subdir/.dotfile won't work.\nI tried git add -f and putting !.* in GIT_DIR/.git/info/exclude."
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "git add . and git add dir/.dot work fine for me with the unadorned 1.6.6.1 and 1.7.0 versions of Git that I have handy right now.\n% git --version\ngit version 1.6.6.1\n% git ls-files -o\n.baz/baz\n.foo\nbar/.bar\nquuux/quuux\nquux\n% git add .\n% git ls-files -o\n% git ls-files \n.baz/baz\n.foo\nbar/.bar\nquuux/quuux\nquux\n\nWhat version of Git are you using? Are your subdirs actually submodules (which are managed independently)?\n“dot files” are not excluded by default, but maybe some bit of configuration on your system, repository, or working tree has them set that way. If they show up in git ls-files --exclude-standard -oi then they are being ignored and \"!.*\" is the right way to ‘unignore’ them. But to be effective, that pattern has to be in the right place. Ignores are processed in this order:\n\n.gitignore of the immediately containing directory, then\n.gitignore of the parent directory (each parent, up to the repository root), then\n$GIT_DIR/info/exclude, then\nthe file reported by git config core.excludesfile (which could be set by \n\n\n$GIT_DIR/config,\n$HOME/.gitconfig, or\nthe system config file (try GIT_EDITOR=echo git config --system --edit to get its pathname)).\n\n\nWhen a pathname matches a pattern in one file, subsequent files are not consulted. The last match in each file “wins”. A pattern in $GIT_DIR/info/exclude can never override a pattern in a .gitignore file. So, if the files are being ignored (per git ls-files --exclude-standard -oi) and if \"!.*\" in $GIT_DIR/info/exclude is ineffective, then check all the applicable .gitignore files for the culprit."
}
] |
[
{
"role": "system",
"content": "You are a helpful assistant."
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": "fatal: This operation must be run in a work tree [duplicate]\nThis question already has answers here:\n \n \n\n\n\n\nWhy am I getting the message, \"fatal: This operation must be run in a work tree?\"\n\n (19 answers)\n \n\nClosed 11 years ago.\n\n\n\nI get this error when I try to change branch.\nProbably I will give some information of the commands at \n/path/to/git/repo/.\n\nupon command:\ngit branch\n\nI get following output\n* V1.5\n V2.0\n master\n\nAnd when I try the command \ngit checkout V2.0\n\nI get following output:\nfatal: This operation must be run in a work tree\n\nconfig file contents:\ncat config \n[core]\n repositoryformatversion = 0\n filemode = true\n bare = true\n[remote \"origin\"]\n url = /path/to/git/repo/.git"
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "You repository is bare, i.e. it does not have a working tree attached to it. You can clone it locally to create a working tree for it, or you could use one of several other options to tell Git where the working tree is, e.g. the --work-tree option for single commands, or the GIT_WORK_TREE environment variable. There is also the core.worktree configuration option but it will not work in a bare repository (check the man page for what it does).\n# git --work-tree=/path/to/work/tree checkout master\n# GIT_WORK_TREE=/path/to/work/tree git status"
}
] |
[
{
"role": "system",
"content": "You are a helpful assistant."
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": "git-show - Show various types of objects %><( <N> ) , %><|( <M> )"
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "similar to %<( <N> ) , %<|( <M> ) respectively, but padding both sides\n(i.e. the text is centered)"
}
] |
[
{
"role": "system",
"content": "You are a helpful assistant."
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": "git - the stupid content tracker GIT_NAMESPACE"
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "Set the Git namespace; see gitnamespaces for details.\nThe --namespace command-line option also sets this value."
}
] |
[
{
"role": "system",
"content": "You are a helpful assistant."
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Git: discover which commits ever touched a range of lines\nI'm having trouble figuring out how to use git blame for getting the set of commits that ever touched a given range of lines. There are similar questions like this one but the accepted answer doesn't bring me much further. \nLet's say I have a definition that starts on line 1000 of foo.rb. It's only only 5 lines long, but the number of commits that ever changed those lines is enormous. If I do\ngit blame foo.rb -L 1000,+5\n\nI get references to (at most) five distinct commits that changed these lines, but I'm also interested in the commits \"behind them\". \nSimilarly,\ngit rev-list HEAD -- foo.rb | xargs git log --oneline\n\nis almost what I want, but I can't specify line ranges to git rev-list\nCan I pass a flag to git blame to get the list of commits that ever touched those five lines, or what's the quickest way to build a script that extracts such information? Let's ignore for the moment the possibility that the definition once had more or less than 5 lines."
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "Since Git 1.8.4, git log has -L to view the evolution of a range of lines.\nFor example, suppose you look at git blame's output: \n((aa27064...))[mlm@macbook:~/w/mlm/git]\n$ git blame -L150,+11 -- git-web--browse.sh\na180055a git-web--browse.sh (Giuseppe Bilotta 2010-12-03 17:47:36 +0100 150) die \"The browser $browser is not\na180055a git-web--browse.sh (Giuseppe Bilotta 2010-12-03 17:47:36 +0100 151) fi\n5d6491c7 git-browse-help.sh (Christian Couder 2007-12-02 06:07:55 +0100 152) fi\n5d6491c7 git-browse-help.sh (Christian Couder 2007-12-02 06:07:55 +0100 153) \n5d6491c7 git-browse-help.sh (Christian Couder 2007-12-02 06:07:55 +0100 154) case \"$browser\" in\n81f42f11 git-web--browse.sh (Giuseppe Bilotta 2010-12-03 17:47:38 +0100 155) firefox|iceweasel|seamonkey|iceape)\n5d6491c7 git-browse-help.sh (Christian Couder 2007-12-02 06:07:55 +0100 156) # Check version because firefox < 2.0 do\n5d6491c7 git-browse-help.sh (Christian Couder 2007-12-02 06:07:55 +0100 157) vers=$(expr \"$($browser_path -version)\" \n5d6491c7 git-browse-help.sh (Christian Couder 2007-12-02 06:07:55 +0100 158) NEWTAB='-new-tab'\n5d6491c7 git-browse-help.sh (Christian Couder 2007-12-02 06:07:55 +0100 159) test \"$vers\" -lt 2 && NEWTAB=''\na0685a4f git-web--browse.sh (Dmitry Potapov 2008-02-09 23:22:22 -0800 160) \"$browser_path\" $NEWTAB \"$@\" &\n\nAnd you want to know the history of what is now line 155.\nThen:\n((aa27064...))[mlm@macbook:~/w/mlm/git]\n$ git log --topo-order --graph -u -L 155,155:git-web--browse.sh\n* commit 81f42f11496b9117273939c98d270af273c8a463\n| Author: Giuseppe Bilotta <[email protected]>\n| Date: Fri Dec 3 17:47:38 2010 +0100\n| \n| web--browse: support opera, seamonkey and elinks\n| \n| The list of supported browsers is also updated in the documentation.\n| \n| Signed-off-by: Giuseppe Bilotta <[email protected]>\n| Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <[email protected]>\n| \n| diff --git a/git-web--browse.sh b/git-web--browse.sh\n| --- a/git-web--browse.sh\n| +++ b/git-web--browse.sh\n| @@ -143,1 +143,1 @@\n| -firefox|iceweasel)\n| +firefox|iceweasel|seamonkey|iceape)\n| \n* commit a180055a47c6793eaaba6289f623cff32644215b\n| Author: Giuseppe Bilotta <[email protected]>\n| Date: Fri Dec 3 17:47:36 2010 +0100\n| \n| web--browse: coding style\n| \n| Retab and deindent choices in case statements.\n| \n| Signed-off-by: Giuseppe Bilotta <[email protected]>\n| Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <[email protected]>\n| \n| diff --git a/git-web--browse.sh b/git-web--browse.sh\n| --- a/git-web--browse.sh\n| +++ b/git-web--browse.sh\n| @@ -142,1 +142,1 @@\n| - firefox|iceweasel)\n| +firefox|iceweasel)\n| \n* commit 5884f1fe96b33d9666a78e660042b1e3e5f9f4d9\n Author: Christian Couder <[email protected]>\n Date: Sat Feb 2 07:32:53 2008 +0100\n\n Rename 'git-help--browse.sh' to 'git-web--browse.sh'.\n\n Signed-off-by: Christian Couder <[email protected]>\n Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <[email protected]>\n\n diff --git a/git-web--browse.sh b/git-web--browse.sh\n --- /dev/null\n +++ b/git-web--browse.sh\n @@ -0,0 +127,1 @@\n + firefox|iceweasel)\n\nIf you use this functionality frequently, you might find a git alias useful. To do that, put in your ~/.gitconfig:\n[alias]\n # Follow evolution of certain lines in a file\n # arg1=file, arg2=first line, arg3=last line or blank for just the first line\n follow = \"!sh -c 'git log --topo-order -u -L $2,${3:-$2}:\"$1\"'\" -\n\nAnd now you can just do git follow git-web--browse.sh 155."
}
] |
[
{
"role": "system",
"content": "You are a helpful assistant."
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Git clone: Redirect stderr to stdout but keep errors being written to stderr\ngit clone writes its output to stderr as documented here. I can redirect this with the following command:\ngit clone https://myrepo c:\\repo 2>&1\n\nBut this will redirect all output, including errors, from stderrto stdout. Is there a way to redirect progress messages to stdout but have error messages still written to stderr."
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "A MingW update provide a new way to handle redirection with Git 2.15.x/2.16 (Q1 2018)\nSee commit b2f5571, commit 1a172e4, commit 3f94442 (01 Nov 2017) by Johannes Schindelin (dscho).\n(Merged by Junio C Hamano -- gitster -- in commit 421f21c, 09 Nov 2017) \n\nmingw: add experimental feature to redirect standard handles\nParticularly when calling Git from applications, such as Visual Studio's Team Explorer, it is important that stdin/stdout/stderr are closed properly.\n However, when spawning processes on Windows, those handles must be marked as inheritable if we want to use them, but that flag is a global flag and may very well be used by other spawned processes which then do not know to close those handles.\nLet's introduce a set of environment variables (GIT_REDIRECT_STDIN and friends) that specify paths to files, or even better, named pipes (which are similar to Unix sockets) and that are used by the spawned Git process.\n This helps work around above-mentioned issue: those named pipes will be opened in a non-inheritable way upon startup, and no handles are passed around (and therefore no inherited handles need to be closed by any spawned child).\nThis feature shipped with Git for Windows (marked as experimental) since v2.11.0(2), so it has seen some serious testing in the meantime.\n\nThe Git documentation now includes:\nGIT_REDIRECT_STDIN:\nGIT_REDIRECT_STDOUT:\nGIT_REDIRECT_STDERR:\n\n\nWindows-only: allow redirecting the standard input/output/error handles to paths specified by the environment variables. \n This is particularly useful in multi-threaded applications where the canonical way to pass standard handles via CreateProcess() is not an option because it would require the handles to be marked inheritable (and consequently every spawned process would inherit them, possibly blocking regular Git operations). \nThe primary intended use case is to use named pipes for communication (e.g. \\\\.\\pipe\\my-git-stdin-123).\n\nAnd it adds:\n\nmingw: optionally redirect stderr/stdout via the same handle\nThe \"2>&1\" notation in Powershell and in Unix shells implies that stderr\n is redirected to the same handle into which stdout is already written.\nLet's use this special value to allow the same trick with GIT_REDIRECT_STDERR and GIT_REDIRECT_STDOUT: if the former's value is\n 2>&1, then stderr will simply be written to the same handle as stdout.\nThe functionality was suggested by Jeff Hostetler.\n\nExample of usage:$env:GIT_REDIRECT_STDERR = '2>&1'"
}
] |
[
{
"role": "system",
"content": "You are a helpful assistant."
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": "git recover single file that was deleted during a merge\nI'm currently in branch 'foo'. I just ran git merge master. Only problem is there was a certain file in foo that I wanted to keep. Is there a way to get it back but keep all the other changes from merge master?"
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "Try something like this:\ngit checkout HEAD -- filename\n\nThis will roll your fileback one commit. If you want to go back further to a specific commit, you can use a commit hash or append ^N to the end of the HEAD keyword, e.g. HEAD^2."
}
] |
[
{
"role": "system",
"content": "You are a helpful assistant."
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": "How to get the current branch within Github Actions?\n\nI'm building Docker images with Github Actions and want to tag images with the branch name.\nI found the GITHUB_REF variable, but it results in refs/heads/feature-branch-1 and I need only feature-branch-1."
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "I added a separate step for extracting branch name from $GITHUB_HEAD_REF/$GITHUB_REF¹ (pr and push) and set it to the step output:\n- name: Extract branch name\n shell: bash\n run: echo \"branch=${GITHUB_HEAD_REF:-${GITHUB_REF#refs/heads/}}\" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT\n id: extract_branch\n\nafter that, I can use it in the next steps with steps.<step_id>.outputs.branch:\n- name: Push to ECR\n id: ecr\n uses: jwalton/gh-ecr-push@master\n with:\n access-key-id: ${{ secrets.AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID }}\n secret-access-key: ${{ secrets.AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY }}\n region: us-west-2\n image: eng:${{ steps.extract_branch.outputs.branch }}\n\n \n\n¹ $GITHUB_HEAD_REF on pull_request (pr) and $GITHUB_REF on push. Description:\n\n\n\n\nVariable\nDescription\n\n\n\n\nGITHUB_HEAD_REF\nThe head ref or source branch of the pull request in a workflow run. This property is only set when the event that triggers a workflow run is either pull_request or pull_request_target. For example, feature-branch-1. (source) \n\n\nGITHUB_REF\nThe fully-formed ref of the branch or tag that triggered the workflow run. For workflows triggered by push, this is the branch or tag ref that was pushed. For workflows triggered by pull_request, this is the pull request merge branch. For workflows triggered by release, this is the release tag created. For other triggers, this is the branch or tag ref that triggered the workflow run. This is only set if a branch or tag is available for the event type. The ref given is fully-formed, meaning that for branches the format is refs/heads/<branch_name>, for pull requests it is refs/pull/<pr_number>/merge, and for tags it is refs/tags/<tag_name>. For example, refs/heads/feature-branch-1. (source) \n\n\n\n\nFull description of these and all other Default environment variables - Learn Gihtub Actions (archived copy).\nLooking for the Microsoft Github Action Context named github? See the answer by ysfaran and/or the answer by Dusan Plavak."
}
] |
[
{
"role": "system",
"content": "You are a helpful assistant."
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": "git-fsck - Verifies the connectivity and validity of the objects in the database badParentSha1"
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "(ERROR) A commit object has a bad parent sha1."
}
] |
[
{
"role": "system",
"content": "You are a helpful assistant."
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": "git - the stupid content tracker git-verify-pack"
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "Validate packed Git archive files"
}
] |
[
{
"role": "system",
"content": "You are a helpful assistant."
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Git: Possible to use same submodule working copy by multiple projects?\nI'm new to Git.\nLets say, I have two git repositories that have the same library added as submodule:\n/home/projects/project1/library_XYZ\n/home/projects/project2/library_XYZ\n\nAlso lets say, I'm working on the projects and the library simultaneously. When I did changes to the library, lets say in /home/projects/project1/library_XYZ, I would have to push these changes and then pull them in /home/projects/project2/library_XYZ to make them available for project2, right? I think this is unhandy for two reasons:\n\nI will have to build library_XYZ two times.\nI have an unwanted redundancy that contradicts the actual project organization.\n\nIs there any way to make Git clone the submodule library_XYZ to the same local directory, i.e. making the files being organized like this\n/home/projects/project1\n/home/projects/project2\n/home/projects/library_XYZ\n\nwhile library_XYZ still being a submodule of both projects?\nI think this might be related to this, which is unanswered, although my setup is somewhat different."
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "Setting up shared dependencies as submodules is easy. The git submodule command doesn't do it automatically, but a submodule is nothing more than a nested repository -- and git doesn't require any actual repository or its worktree to be in any particular place.\nSet up a libraryXYZ repo for use as a shared submodule\n# a submodule is just a repository. We're going to share this one.\ngit clone u://r/libraryXYZ \n\n# and keep its worktree right here:\n( cd libraryXYZ; git config core.worktree .. )\n\nThen, from anywhere, clone the project using the submodule and set it up to use the shared one:\ngit clone u://r/project1\ncd project1\ngit submodule init\necho gitdir: path/to/shared/libraryXYZ/.git > libraryXYZ/.git\n\nNow project1's libraryXYZ submodule will use the shared libraryXYZ repo and worktree.\nSet up your build system to use that same worktree and you're done. You can of course get git to tell you where those are in any given repo:\n# for example to see where all a project's submodules' parts are kept\ngit submodule foreach git rev-parse --git-dir --show-toplevel\n\n# or for just one:\ngit --git-dir=$project1/libraryXYZ/.git rev-parse --git-dir --show-toplevel\n\n(late edit: @twalberg's remark is worth keeping in mind, this might make it a bit too easy to do a git submodule update from one project without realizing you've also altered the build environment for every other project that shares dependencies.)"
}
] |
[
{
"role": "system",
"content": "You are a helpful assistant."
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": "git-svn - Bidirectional operation between a Subversion repository and Git svn.brokenSymlinkWorkaround"
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "This disables potentially expensive checks to workaround\nbroken symlinks checked into SVN by broken clients. Set this\noption to \"false\" if you track a SVN repository with many\nempty blobs that are not symlinks. This option may be changed\nwhile git svn is running and take effect on the next\nrevision fetched. If unset, git svn assumes this option to\nbe \"true\"."
}
] |
[
{
"role": "system",
"content": "You are a helpful assistant."
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": "View git history for folder\nHow can I view git log history for all files within a folder ?\nI have found several posts on how to show log for a specific file, but haven't found for a specific folder."
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "You can use foldername or 'foldername/*'.\ngit log -- path/to/folder\ngit log -- 'path/to/folder/*'\n\nHistory of renamed files will not be followed with this method.\nPlease note that -- is optional as well. From git help log:\n[--] <path>...\n\n Show only commits that are enough to explain how the files that match the specified paths came to be. See History Simplification below for\n details and other simplification modes.\n\n Paths may need to be prefixed with -- to separate them from options or the revision range, when confusion arises."
}
] |
[
{
"role": "system",
"content": "You are a helpful assistant."
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": "git-push - Update remote refs along with associated objects remote failure"
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "The remote end did not report the successful update of the ref,\nperhaps because of a temporary error on the remote side, a\nbreak in the network connection, or other transient error."
}
] |
[
{
"role": "system",
"content": "You are a helpful assistant."
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": "git-log - Show commit logs %gN"
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "reflog identity name (respecting .mailmap, see git-shortlog or git-blame )"
}
] |
[
{
"role": "system",
"content": "You are a helpful assistant."
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": "How to use custom variables in gitlab ci/cd?\n\nI'm struggling with gitlab ci/cd variables. I see so many conflicting examples. Anyhow, what I would like to know is how to use variables outside and within scripts.\nFor example, in a job config, can I assign a variable in the script section with a bash command?\nsome-job:\n variables:\n SOME_VAR: ''\n script:\n - SOME_VAR = $(<file_with_a_line_of_text.txt)\n\nIn the above case, I'm not sure if I can do this. But I need to populate a variable with the file contents (i.e. artifact). Also, when do I use '$' in front of the variable? Some examples I see using these formats:\n\"SOME_VAR\" #in quotes, no dollar sign\n\"${SOME_VAR}\" #in quotes, with dollar sign and wrapped with curly braces\n${SOME_VAR} #no quotes, with dollar sign and wrapped with curly braces\n$SOME_VAR #i.e. without the double quotes or curly braces\nSOME_VAR #i.e. without the double quotes, dollar sign, and curly braces\n\nSo many variations of usage that I can see in examples but don't really know when to use each style. And I can't find one example online of a custom variable being set in a script using a bash command."
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "When I'm setting variables in bash, I always do it without the spaces around the =:\nVAR1=\"some string\"\nVAR2=23\nVAR3=true\nVAR4=$(cat /path/to/file.txt)\n\nLet's go through these examples one at a time:\n\nYou can set a variable as a string by using quotes around the string.\nYou can set it to an int (probably a float too, but haven't personally used it)\nYou can set it to a bool\nYou can set it to the output of a command. The command is inside the command: $(#command).\n\nNow let's use them:\necho $VAR1\n# some string\necho \"This is my variable $VAR1\"\n# This is my variable some string\necho \"This is my variable ${VAR1}\"\n# This is my variable some string\necho ${VAR1}\n# some string\necho \"Error code ${VAR2}A\"\n# Error code 23A\necho \"Error code $VAR2A\"\n# Error code --- Note: the variable $VAR2A dosn't exist\necho \"Error code ${VAR2}${VAR1}\"\n# Error code 23some string\necho VAR1\n# VAR1\necho \"VAR1\"\n# VAR1\n\nThis illustrates the difference between the different forms, but in general, you reference a variable's value with $+variable-name. Doing \"SOME_VAR\" or SOME_VAR just prints out the string \"SOME_VAR\" (ie, not referencing a variable at all).\nThe difference between $SOME_VAR and ${SOME_VAR} is that the latter lets you use it when there is other content directly before or after the variable without erroring."
}
] |
[
{
"role": "system",
"content": "You are a helpful assistant."
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": "git-mergetool - Run merge conflict resolution tools to resolve merge conflicts"
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "SYNOPSIS git mergetool [--tool=<tool>] [-y | --[no-]prompt] [<file>…]"
}
] |
[
{
"role": "system",
"content": "You are a helpful assistant."
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Gitlab push. You are not allowed to access master\n\nI have set up my own server (at home) and i am reaching it via putty on my main PC.\nGitlab is installed and configured, i can reach gitlab and log in.\nBut when i try to push files (through HTTP) to my own project i get this message:\nPOST git-receive-pack (381 bytes)\nremote: GitLab: You are not allowed to access master![K\nremote: error: hook declined to update refs/heads/master[K\nTo http://myserver.com/root/push2jump.git\n ! [remote rejected] master -> master (hook declined)\nerror: failed to push some refs to 'http://myserver.com/root/push2jump.git'\n\nI am using HTTP instead of SSH because there i get \"Access denied\", so basically neither is working.\nWhen i run \nsudo bundle exec rake gitlab:check RAILS_ENV=production\n\nIt tells me that the Sidekiq script is not running (which i can't seem to fix, not sure if it's related to this problem)\nOfcourse it tells me that the repository is empty. The rest seems fine.\nI checked \n.ssh/authorized_keys\n\nWhich seem correct as well, the key there is the same as my saved key.\nAnd my repos_path in gitlab-shell/config.yml looks good, not using symlink:\nrepos_path: /home/git/repositories/\n\nI have run the official gitlab installation guide.\nCan anyone help me with this problem?\nThanks in advance\nUPDATE \nSystem information\nSystem: Ubuntu 12.04\nCurrent User: git\nUsing RVM: no\nRuby Version: 2.0.0p481\nGem Version: 2.0.14\nBundler Version:1.6.2\nRake Version: 10.3.1\nSidekiq Version:2.17.0\n\nGitLab information\nVersion: 6.9.2\nRevision: e46b644\nDirectory: /home/git/gitlab\nDB Adapter: mysql2\nURL: ***\nHTTP Clone URL: ***/some-project.git\nSSH Clone URL: ***:some-project.git\nUsing LDAP: no\nUsing Omniauth: no\n\nGitLab Shell\nVersion: 1.9.4\nRepositories: /home/git/repositories/\nHooks: /home/git/gitlab-shell/hooks/\nGit: /usr/local/bin/git"
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "I had this problem because I had master as a protected branch\n\nOnce I unprotected the branch I was able to push fine"
}
] |
[
{
"role": "system",
"content": "You are a helpful assistant."
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": "git - the stupid content tracker <commit-ish>"
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "Indicates a commit or tag object name. A\ncommand that takes a <commit-ish> argument ultimately wants to\noperate on a <commit> object but automatically dereferences\n<tag> objects that point at a <commit>."
}
] |
[
{
"role": "system",
"content": "You are a helpful assistant."
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Migrate from Sourceforge to Github\n\nI'm thinking about migrating a project from Sourceforge to Github. Besides the svn to git, what about migrating things like the issue tracker? Is there an easy way to do that?"
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "For SVN to GitHub part, this is now the easiest way: https://github.com/new/import\nHelp page: https://help.github.com/en/github/importing-your-projects-to-github/importing-a-repository-with-github-importer\nBut it doesn't import issues."
}
] |
[
{
"role": "system",
"content": "You are a helpful assistant."
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": "git-merge - Join two or more development histories together renormalize"
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "This runs a virtual check-out and check-in of all three stages\nof a file when resolving a three-way merge. This option is\nmeant to be used when merging branches with different clean\nfilters or end-of-line normalization rules. See \"Merging\nbranches with differing checkin/checkout attributes\" in gitattributes for details."
}
] |
[
{
"role": "system",
"content": "You are a helpful assistant."
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": "git-update-ref - Update the object name stored in a ref safely delete"
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "Delete <ref> after verifying it exists with <old-oid>, if\ngiven. If given, <old-oid> may not be zero."
}
] |
[
{
"role": "system",
"content": "You are a helpful assistant."
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": "can we use dynamic jobs names in gitlab-ci.yml?\n\nI have to migrate from jenkins to gitlab and I would like to be able to use dynamic job names in order to have some information directly in the pipeline summary without having to click on each job etc.... in jenkins we can immediately see the parameters passed to our job and this is not the case in gitlab-ci.\nMy test runner being on a windows I tried to define the yml as follows:\njob_%myParam%:\n stage: build\n script:\n - set>varList.txt\n artifacts:\n paths:\n - varList.txt\n\nWhen I start my job with %myParam%=true, the variable is not interpreted in the job name and so it takes the name of job_%myParam% instead of expected \"job_true\".\nIs that even possible?\nthks :)"
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "As of gitlab 12.9, this can be done using trigger and child pipelines — although a little involved:\nQuoting the example from the gitlab doc:\ngenerate-config:\n stage: build\n script: generate-ci-config > generated-config.yml\n artifacts:\n paths:\n - generated-config.yml\n\nchild-pipeline:\n stage: test\n trigger:\n include:\n - artifact: generated-config.yml\n job: generate-config\n\nIn your case, you would put the definition of job_%myParam% in job.yml.in, then have the script generate-ci-config be e.g. sed \"s/%myParam%/$PARAM/g\" job.yml.in.\nThis is probably a bit much for just changing the names of course, and there will be a cost associated to the additional stage; but it does answer the question, and may be useful to do more, like start with different versions of the parameter in the same pipeline."
}
] |
[
{
"role": "system",
"content": "You are a helpful assistant."
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": "git-show - Show various types of objects %cN"
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "committer name (respecting .mailmap, see git-shortlog or git-blame )"
}
] |
[
{
"role": "system",
"content": "You are a helpful assistant."
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Create a new file in git bash\nI've got Git for Windows running, I'm not sure if it's supposed to function as a text editor though?\nI think I installed it with the Vim editor, but in a Git Bash shell how do I create a file, such as webpage.html?\n$ git add webpage.html\n\ncomes back as\nfatal: pathspec 'webpage.html' did not match any files\n\nbecause it tries to track a non-existing file.\nI understand I can create a new file on the github.com interface, that's easy enough, I'm wondering if I can create a new file (like echo in cmd) and whether this file will actually be blank (echo in cmd creates non-blank files) and how I can write into that file from the git bash shell?\nIf not, I'm guessing I should just create a new file in windows explorer? Is that the norm...?\nEdit\nWow, I was new to all this when I asked the above. No, Git Bash isn't a text editor, it's a Windows version of the git facility on Unix, and only handles the file versioning. git add, git rm, and other git commands just handle how the version control file manager handles the files and folders, and the only things it changes as a result are in a hidden folder named .git. Sorry if this has confused anyone.\nI was confused at the time because, as the name suggests, Git Bash has bash shell commands shipped with it, not just git - e.g. ls (list files), mkdir (make new folder), and -- what I was looking for -- touch (make a new file or update timestamp on existing file), and echo (print text to the command line, or direct that text to a file). \nI could have made my new file webpage.html with:\ntouch webpage.html\n\nThen written to it with:\necho \"<!DOCTYPE html>\" > webpage.html\n\nThen appended lines to it with:\necho \"<html\" >> webpage.html\necho \"<head>\" >> webpage.html\n\nand so on - but I don't think there's any text editor (according to this list of commands). See this thread for details of setting up a text editor with Git on Windows."
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "If you are using the Git Bash shell, you can use the following trick:\n> webpage.html\n\nThis is actually the same as:\necho \"\" > webpage.html\n\nThen, you can use git add webpage.html to stage the file."
}
] |
[
{
"role": "system",
"content": "You are a helpful assistant."
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": "git-show - Show various types of objects %m"
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "left ( < ), right ( > ) or boundary ( - ) mark"
}
] |
[
{
"role": "system",
"content": "You are a helpful assistant."
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Forgot to create new branch. How to transfer changes to new branch\nthis happens to every developer time-to-time. You start coding a new feature and forget to branch first locally.\nSo if that happens is there a way I can say hey, transfer these uncommitted (or committed - yea I know those are both two scenarios which I'd like to cover with this) to a new branch for me locally so I don't have to back them out and copy my changes to a new branch to be able to carry on my way?"
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "If you haven't commited your changes yet, you can switch to a new branch prior to committing.\ngit checkout -b my-new-branch\n\nThis will create a new branch called my-new-branch and immediately check it out."
}
] |
[
{
"role": "system",
"content": "You are a helpful assistant."
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": "git - the stupid content tracker"
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "Discussion More detail on the following is available from the Git concepts chapter of the\nuser-manual and gitcore-tutorial . A Git project normally consists of a working directory with a \".git\"\nsubdirectory at the top level. The .git directory contains, among other\nthings, a compressed object database representing the complete history\nof the project, an \"index\" file which links that history to the current\ncontents of the working tree, and named pointers into that history such\nas tags and branch heads. The object database contains objects of three main types: blobs, which\nhold file data; trees, which point to blobs and other trees to build up\ndirectory hierarchies; and commits, which each reference a single tree\nand some number of parent commits. The commit, equivalent to what other systems call a \"changeset\" or\n\"version\", represents a step in the project’s history, and each parent\nrepresents an immediately preceding step. Commits with more than one\nparent represent merges of independent lines of development. All objects are named by the SHA-1 hash of their contents, normally\nwritten as a string of 40 hex digits. Such names are globally unique.\nThe entire history leading up to a commit can be vouched for by signing\njust that commit. A fourth object type, the tag, is provided for this\npurpose. When first created, objects are stored in individual files, but for\nefficiency may later be compressed together into \"pack files\". Named pointers called refs mark interesting points in history. A ref\nmay contain the SHA-1 name of an object or the name of another ref (the\nlatter is called a \"symbolic ref\").\nRefs with names beginning refs/head/ contain the SHA-1 name of the most\nrecent commit (or \"head\") of a branch under development. SHA-1 names of\ntags of interest are stored under refs/tags/ . A symbolic ref named HEAD contains the name of the currently checked-out branch. The index file is initialized with a list of all paths and, for each\npath, a blob object and a set of attributes. The blob object represents\nthe contents of the file as of the head of the current branch. The\nattributes (last modified time, size, etc.) are taken from the\ncorresponding file in the working tree. Subsequent changes to the\nworking tree can be found by comparing these attributes. The index may\nbe updated with new content, and new commits may be created from the\ncontent stored in the index. The index is also capable of storing multiple entries (called \"stages\")\nfor a given pathname. These stages are used to hold the various\nunmerged version of a file when a merge is in progress."
}
] |
[
{
"role": "system",
"content": "You are a helpful assistant."
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": "How to get subfolders and files using gitlab api\n\nI am using gitlab api to get the files and folders and succeded,\nBut I can able to get only directory names, not its subfolders and files.\nSo, how can i get full tree of my repository.\nPlease let me know.\nThanks in advance,\nMallikarjuna"
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "According to the Repositories API, we can use\nGET /projects/:id/repository/tree\n\nTo list files and directories in a project. But we can only get the files and directories in top-level of the repo in this way, and sub-directories of directories in top-level with param path.\nIf you wanna get directories of script/js/components, for example, you can use\nGET /projects/:id/repository/tree?path=script/js/components"
}
] |
[
{
"role": "system",
"content": "You are a helpful assistant."
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": "How can I list all tags in my Git repository by the date they were created?\nI need some way to list all tags in my system by the date they were created but am not sure if I can get that data via git-log. Ideas?"
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "Sorting by tag creation date works with annotated and lightweight tags:\ngit for-each-ref --sort=creatordate --format '%(refname) %(creatordate)' refs/tags"
}
] |
[
{
"role": "system",
"content": "You are a helpful assistant."
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": "git-revert - Revert some existing commits"
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "SYNOPSIS git revert [--[no-]edit] [-n] [-m <parent-number>] [-s] [-S[<keyid>]] <commit>… git revert (--continue | --skip | --abort | --quit)"
}
] |
[
{
"role": "system",
"content": "You are a helpful assistant."
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": "How to get the last commit date for a bunch of files in Git?\nWhat's the simplest one-liner to get the last commit date for a bunch of files in a Git repository (i.e., for each file, the date of the last commit that changed that file)?\nThe context for this is that I'm using other Bash commands to find a long list of files matching some criteria, and I'd like to just pipe this list into a Git command to get the last commit date for each file."
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "The following command will be helpful:\ngit log -1 --format=%cd filename.txt\n\nThis will print the latest change date for one file. The -1 shows one log entry (the most recent), and --format=%cd shows the commit date. See the documentation for git-log for a full description of the options.\nYou should be able to easily extend this for a group of files."
}
] |
[
{
"role": "system",
"content": "You are a helpful assistant."
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": "what's the Git equivalent of TFS commands shelve/unshelve? cherry-pick?\nI found that the shelve/unshelve commands in TFS are very handy and very simple to use. What's the equivalent in Git ?\nhere's the scenario in TFS :\n\nI made changes in the trunk\nI shelve : the change set is saved on the server (with a label) and I get the source back before the changes\nI work in the trunk\nSomeone can unshelve : get the change set in his workspace\n\nI know that there's a command call cherry-pick but i\"m not sure of the workflow and if it fits the need."
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "What you describe is similar to git stash, except since with git you have your own repository (not just a single one on a server), only you can get that change set back.\nThe general idea is:\n# do some stuff\nvim foo/bar.c\n# stash away your changes\ngit stash\n\n# do some other things...\n\n# retrieve your changes\ngit stash pop\n\nIf you wanted someone else to have access to this changeset, you'd want to instead commit it to a working branch:\n# make yourself a branch\ngit checkout -b temp-featureA\n# commit to it\ngit add foo/bar.c; git commit\n\n# now you push this branch (or they could just fetch straight from you)\ngit push origin temp-featureA\n\n\n# Now, in someone else's repo:\n# Fetch updates\ngit fetch origin\n# Make a branch tracking the remote branch\ngit branch temp-featureA origin/temp-featureA\n\n# Either check it out:\ngit checkout temp-featureA\n# or cherry-pick it, to apply the changes somewhere else:\ngit cherry-pick temp-featureA\n# or, if it's multiple commits, rebase it!\ngit rebase --onto my-branch start-of-featureA temp-featureA"
}
] |
[
{
"role": "system",
"content": "You are a helpful assistant."
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": "git merge, keep both\nFor merging I use this to \"keep mine\"\ngit merge -X ours foo\n\nand this for \"keep theirs\"\ngit merge -X theirs foo\n\nHowever on my latest merge it looks best to keep both sides. Does Git have a \"strategy\" for this, to avoid manually editing the file?"
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "There is no 'merge strategy' for resolving these conflicts.\nHowever, if you truly want a conflict like:\n<<<< ours\nFoo\n=========\nBar \n>>>> theirs\n\nto resolve to\nFoo\nBar\n\nthen you can configure the 'merge driver'. From the gitattributes man page:\n\nunion \nRun 3-way file level merge for text files, but take lines from\n both versions, instead of leaving conflict markers. This tends to\n leave the added lines in the resulting file in random order and the\n user should verify the result. Do not use this if you do not\n understand the implications.\n\nAdd a line to .gitattributes to use this:\n*.whatever merge=union"
}
] |
[
{
"role": "system",
"content": "You are a helpful assistant."
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Move repository from one group to another in GitLab\n\nIs it possible to move a GitLab repository from one group to another in GitLab?\nFor example, I have https://gitlab.com/my-user/my-repo. I'd like to move it to https://gitlab.com/my-group/another-group/my-repo.\nIdeally, I'd like to keep all the issues associated with it."
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "Yes, you can move your GitLab project from one namespace to another.\nYour project -> Settings -> General -> Advanced\n\nThen, almost at the end of the list.\nTransfer project"
}
] |
[
{
"role": "system",
"content": "You are a helpful assistant."
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": "git-fetch - Download objects and refs from another repository -v --verbose"
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "Be verbose."
}
] |
[
{
"role": "system",
"content": "You are a helpful assistant."
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Git Bash (MinGW 64) v2.12.2 - how do I change the font size?\nHow can I change the font size for Git Bash?\nThis is the web site where I downloaded related application, click here."
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "Right click in the upper left corner of the Git Bash window and choose \"Options...\":\n\nClick \"Text\" and \"Select\". Select an appropriate font size:\n\nPress OK and Save to keep the new settings."
}
] |
[
{
"role": "system",
"content": "You are a helpful assistant."
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": "git - the stupid content tracker git-cvsimport"
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "Salvage your data out of another SCM people love to hate"
}
] |
[
{
"role": "system",
"content": "You are a helpful assistant."
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": "git-diff - Show changes between commits, commit and working tree, etc --anchored=<text>"
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "Generate a diff using the \"anchored diff\" algorithm. This option may be specified more than once. If a line exists in both the source and destination, exists only once,\nand starts with this text, this algorithm attempts to prevent it from\nappearing as a deletion or addition in the output. It uses the \"patience\ndiff\" algorithm internally."
}
] |
[
{
"role": "system",
"content": "You are a helpful assistant."
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": "git-config - Get and set repository or global options imap.authMethod"
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "Specify the authentication method for authenticating with the IMAP server.\nIf Git was built with the NO_CURL option, or if your curl version is older\nthan 7.34.0, or if you’re running git-imap-send with the --no-curl option, the only supported method is CRAM-MD5 . If this is not set\nthen git imap-send uses the basic IMAP plaintext LOGIN command."
}
] |
[
{
"role": "system",
"content": "You are a helpful assistant."
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": "git-config - Get and set repository or global options ambiguousFetchRefspec"
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "Shown when a fetch refspec for multiple remotes maps to\nthe same remote-tracking branch namespace and causes branch\ntracking set-up to fail."
}
] |
[
{
"role": "system",
"content": "You are a helpful assistant."
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": "How to complete a git clone for a big project on an unstable connection?\nI am trying to git clone the LibreOffice codebase, but at the moment I have an internet connection of about 300kbps and it's just anything but stable. I can get the connection back any moment, but then the git clone process already stopped working, and no way to get it running again. Is there some way to have a more failure-resistant git clone download?\nOne option I considered myself is to download someone else's .git directory, but that is overly dependent of others and doesn't seem like the best possible solution to me."
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "Two solutions (or rather workarounds) that come to mind are:\n\nUse shallow clone i.e. git clone --depth=1, then deepen this clone using git fetch --depth=N, with increasing N. You can use git fetch --unshallow (since 1.8.0.3) to download all remaining revisions.\n\nAsk somebody to bundle up to some tagged release (see git-bundle(1) manpage). The bundle itself is an ordinary file, which you can download any way, via HTTP/FTP with resume support, via BitTorrent, via rsync, etc. Then you can create clone from bundle, fix configuration, and do further fetches from official LibreOffice repository."
}
] |
[
{
"role": "system",
"content": "You are a helpful assistant."
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": "git-push - Update remote refs along with associated objects --follow-tags"
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "Push all the refs that would be pushed without this option,\nand also push annotated tags in refs/tags that are missing\nfrom the remote but are pointing at commit-ish that are\nreachable from the refs being pushed. This can also be specified\nwith configuration variable push.followTags . For more\ninformation, see push.followTags in git-config ."
}
] |
[
{
"role": "system",
"content": "You are a helpful assistant."
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Switching a branch after aborting current changes in git\nI cloned a git repo and then started playing around in its master branch. After a while, I want to ignore the changes I just made (without committing them), and switch to a different branch. However, it stops me from switching because there are uncommitted changes. How do I ignore them without stashing them either? This is what happens:\n$ git checkout gh-pages\nerror: Your local changes to the following files would be overwritten by checkout:\n somefile.txt\nPlease, commit your changes or stash them before you can switch branches.\nAborting"
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "Option 1\ngit checkout -f gh-pages\n\nOption 2\ngit reset --hard # beware: don't make that a habit\ngit checkout gh-pages"
}
] |
[
{
"role": "system",
"content": "You are a helpful assistant."
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": "git - the stupid content tracker GIT_TRACE2"
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "Enables more detailed trace messages from the \"trace2\" library.\nOutput from GIT_TRACE2 is a simple text-based format for human\nreadability. If this variable is set to \"1\", \"2\" or \"true\" (comparison\nis case insensitive), trace messages will be printed to\nstderr. If the variable is set to an integer value greater than 2\nand lower than 10 (strictly) then Git will interpret this\nvalue as an open file descriptor and will try to write the\ntrace messages into this file descriptor. Alternatively, if the variable is set to an absolute path\n(starting with a / character), Git will interpret this\nas a file path and will try to append the trace messages\nto it. If the path already exists and is a directory, the\ntrace messages will be written to files (one per process)\nin that directory, named according to the last component\nof the SID and an optional counter (to avoid filename\ncollisions). In addition, if the variable is set to af_unix:[<socket-type>:]<absolute-pathname> , Git will try\nto open the path as a Unix Domain Socket. The socket type\ncan be either stream or dgram . Unsetting the variable, or setting it to empty, \"0\" or\n\"false\" (case insensitive) disables trace messages. See Trace2 documentation for full details."
}
] |
[
{
"role": "system",
"content": "You are a helpful assistant."
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Force git stash to overwrite added files\nI have some files which were untracked in git. I made some changes and wanted to commit them, but realised I had forgotten to check in the unmodified files first. So I stashed the files, then added the unmodified versions. \nThen when I apply the stash to the repository, I get conflicts due to the files having already been added. \nHow can I apply the stash, and force the versions in the stash to be used in preference to the originals in the repository?\nThanks"
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "Use git checkout instead of git stash apply.\nWARNING: The command below will restore all the files in the current directory (.) to their stashed version. If you have uncommitted or unstaged changes, they will be permanently lost:\n\nIf you edited files after creating the stash, those changes will be lost.\nIf you only stashed specific files (using git stash push <pathspec>... or git stash -p), do not use this command because changes in all other files will be lost.\n\nUse git status to check that there are no uncommitted or unstaged changes before running this command.\n# WARNING: uncommitted/unstaged changes will be permanently lost\n$ git checkout stash -- .\n$ git commit\n\n\nIf there are changes to other files in the working directory that should be kept, here is a less heavy-handed alternative:\n$ git merge --squash --strategy-option=theirs stash\n\nIf there are changes in the index, or the merge will touch files with local changes, git will refuse to merge. Individual files can be checked out from the stash using\n$ git checkout stash -- <paths...>\n\nor interactively with\n$ git checkout -p stash"
}
] |
[
{
"role": "system",
"content": "You are a helpful assistant."
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": "git-show - Show various types of objects %(decorate[:<options>])"
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "ref names with custom decorations. The decorate string may be followed by a\ncolon and zero or more comma-separated options. Option values may contain\nliteral formatting codes. These must be used for commas ( %x2C ) and closing\nparentheses ( %x29 ), due to their role in the option syntax. prefix=<value> : Shown before the list of ref names. Defaults to \" ( \". suffix=<value> : Shown after the list of ref names. Defaults to \" ) \". separator=<value> : Shown between ref names. Defaults to \" , \". pointer=<value> : Shown between HEAD and the branch it points to, if any.\nDefaults to \" -> \". tag=<value> : Shown before tag names. Defaults to \" tag: \"."
}
] |
[
{
"role": "system",
"content": "You are a helpful assistant."
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": "git-bugreport - Collect information for user to file a bug report"
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "SYNOPSIS git bugreport [(-o | --output-directory) <path>]\n\t\t[(-s | --suffix) <format> | --no-suffix]\n\t\t[--diagnose[=<mode>]]"
}
] |
[
{
"role": "system",
"content": "You are a helpful assistant."
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": "How to change the remote a branch is tracking?\nThe central repository had to be set up on a new server, so I created a new remote on my local repo, and pushed to that.\nBut now when I do git pull, it claims I am up to date. It's wrong—it's telling me about the old remote branch, not the new one, which I know for a fact has new commits to fetch.\nHow do I change my local branch to track a different remote?\nI can see this in the git config file but I don't want to mess things up.\n[branch \"master\"]\n remote = oldserver\n merge = refs/heads/master"
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "Using git v1.8.0 or later:\ngit branch branch_name --set-upstream-to your_new_remote/branch_name\n\nOr you can use the -u switch\ngit branch branch_name -u your_new_remote/branch_name\n\nUsing git v1.7.12 or earlier\ngit branch --set-upstream branch_name your_new_remote/branch_name"
}
] |
[
{
"role": "system",
"content": "You are a helpful assistant."
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": "git-log - Show commit logs --histogram"
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "Generate a diff using the \"histogram diff\" algorithm."
}
] |
[
{
"role": "system",
"content": "You are a helpful assistant."
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": "GitLab CI - Trying to use docker buildx to build for ARM64\n\nTrying to use docker buildx with GitLabs shared runners to build a Docker image that can be run on my Raspberry Pi. Job fails saying git is not in PATH but git is installed in image: docker:stable-git. Any known fixes or a better way to build an ARM64-compatible image without having to build on the Raspberry Pi itself? (RPi becomes unusable while building on it due to CPU usage)\ndeploy:\n image: docker:stable-git\n stage: deploy\n services:\n - docker:dind\n before_script:\n - export DOCKER_BUILDKIT=1\n - export DOCKER_CLI_EXPERIMENTAL=enabled\n - docker build --platform=local -o . git://github.com/docker/buildx\n - mv buildx ~/.docker/cli-plugins/docker-buildx\n script:\n - docker buildx build --platform linux/amd64,linux/arm64 -t $CI_REGISTRY_IMAGE .\n - docker login -u gitlab-ci-token -p $CI_JOB_TOKEN $CI_REGISTRY\n - docker push $CI_REGISTRY_IMAGE\n\n$ export DOCKER_BUILDKIT=1\n$ export DOCKER_CLI_EXPERIMENTAL=enabled\n$ docker build --platform=local -o . git://github.com/docker/buildx\n#1 [internal] load git source git://github.com/docker/buildx\n#1 ERROR: failed to init repo at /var/lib/docker/overlay2/xxx/diff: exec: \"git\": executable file not found in $PATH\n------\n > [internal] load git source git://github.com/docker/buildx:\n------\nfailed to solve with frontend dockerfile.v0: failed to resolve dockerfile: failed to build LLB: failed to load cache key: failed to init repo at /var/lib/docker/overlay2/xxx/diff: exec: \"git\": executable file not found in $PATH\nERROR: Job failed: exit code 1"
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "It looks like the issue was that the build was failing due to git not being installed in docker:dind\nWas able to work around the issue by cloning Docker/BuildX in a separate stage, running docker build on it, then exporting it to the deploy stage using artifacts.\nbuildx:\n image: docker:19.03-git\n stage: buildx\n variables:\n GIT_STRATEGY: none\n artifacts:\n paths:\n - buildx\n expire_in: 1 hour\n services:\n - docker:19.03-dind\n script:\n - export DOCKER_BUILDKIT=1\n - git clone git://github.com/docker/buildx ./docker-buildx\n - docker build --platform=local -o . ./docker-buildx\n\ndeploy:\n image: docker:19.03\n stage: deploy\n services:\n - name: docker:19.03-dind\n command: [\"--experimental\"]\n before_script:\n - mkdir -p ~/.docker/cli-plugins\n - mv buildx ~/.docker/cli-plugins/docker-buildx\n - docker run --rm --privileged multiarch/qemu-user-static --reset -p yes\n script:\n - docker login -u gitlab-ci-token -p $CI_JOB_TOKEN $CI_REGISTRY\n - docker buildx create --use --name mybuilder\n - docker buildx build --platform linux/amd64,linux/arm64,linux/arm/v7 --push -t $CI_REGISTRY_IMAGE .\n\nI've decided to update my answer with info about using BuildX in CircleCI due to changes made by GitLab to free accounts as well as comments posted by j0nl1 and Yajo\nYou can download the BuildX binary and use it in your CircleCI job by doing the following\njobs:\n build-and-push:\n executor: docker/machine\n steps:\n - checkout\n - run:\n name: Remove old installation\n command: |\n sudo systemctl stop docker.service\n sudo apt remove docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io\n - docker/install-docker:\n install-dir: /usr/bin\n - run:\n name: Restart docker daemon with experimental features\n command: |\n sudo bash -c 'echo \"{\\\"experimental\\\":true}\" > /etc/docker/daemon.json'\n if [[ $EUID == 0 ]]; then export SUDO=\"\"; else export SUDO=\"sudo\"; fi\n $SUDO systemctl unmask docker.service\n $SUDO systemctl unmask docker.socket\n $SUDO systemctl start docker.service\n - run:\n name: Install buildx\n command: |\n BUILDX_VERSION=\"v0.4.1\"\n\n curl -sSLo docker-buildx \"https://github.com/docker/buildx/releases/download/$BUILDX_VERSION/buildx-$BUILDX_VERSION.linux-amd64\"\n chmod a+x docker-buildx\n mkdir -p ~/.docker/cli-plugins\n mv docker-buildx ~/.docker/cli-plugins/docker-buildx\n\n docker version\n docker buildx install\n - docker/check:\n registry: $DOCKER_REGISTRY\n - run:\n name: Create buildx profile\n command: |\n docker run --rm --privileged multiarch/qemu-user-static --reset -p yes\n docker buildx create --use --name mybuilder\n - docker/build:\n registry: $DOCKER_REGISTRY\n image: username/repo\n tag: latest\n extra_build_args: --platform linux/amd64,linux/arm64,linux/arm/v7 --push"
}
] |
[
{
"role": "system",
"content": "You are a helpful assistant."
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Can not activate a virtualenv in GIT bash mingw32 for Windows [duplicate]\nThis question already has answers here:\n \n \n\n\n\n\nHow can I activate a virtualenv in Linux?\n\n (19 answers)\n \n\nClosed last year.\n\n\n\nWhen I try to activate my virtualenv from GIT bash mingw32 I do not get the expected response. \nNOTE: py is the folder for Python projects in my Google Drive folder. hy is the virtualenv folder that was made when I ran virtualenv --distribute hy. \ns3z@s3z ~/Google Drive/py/hy\n$ Scripts/activate\n\nSo you see, there is no expected (hy) that appears before s3z@s3z ~/Google Drive/py/hy\ns3z@s3z ~/Google Drive/py/hy\n$ Scripts/activate.bat\nScripts/activate.bat: line 1: @echo: command not found\nScripts/activate.bat: line 4: syntax error near unexpected token `('\nScripts/activate.bat: line 4: `if not defined PROMPT ('\n\nAnd when targeting the actual file name activate.bat I get error messages. Then I try deactivating to see what happens cause I thought maybe virtualenv was activated but hidden. \ns3z@s3z ~/Google Drive/py/hy\n$ Scripts/deactivate.bat\nScripts/deactivate.bat: line 1: @echo: command not found\nScripts/deactivate.bat: line 3: syntax error near unexpected token `('\nScripts/deactivate.bat: line 3: `if defined _OLD_VIRTUAL_PROMPT ('\n\ns3z@s3z ~/Google Drive/py/hy\n$ Scripts/deactivate\nsh.exe\": Scripts/deactivate: No such file or directory\n\nAny ideas?"
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "Doing Scripts/activate runs the script in a new instance of the shell, which is destroyed after the script execution. To run the script in your current shell, use either . Scripts/activate or source Scripts/activate.\nScripts/activate.bat does not work here because it is written in Batch, Windows cmd.exe language, and not Bash."
}
] |
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