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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'T-function'
In cryptography, a T-function is a bijective | In cryptography, a T-function is a bijective mapping that updates every bit of the state in a way that can be described as , or in simple words an update function in which each bit of the state is updated by a linear combination of the same bit and a function of a subset of its less significant bits. If every single less significant bit is included in the update of every bit in the state, such a T-function is called triangular. Thanks to their bijectivity (no collisions, therefore no entropy loss) regardless of the used Boolean functions and regardless of the selection of inputs (as long as they all come from one side of the output bit), T-functions are now widely used in cryptography to construct block ciphers, stream ciphers, PRNGs and hash functions. T-functions were first proposed in 2002 by A. Klimov and A. Shamir in their paper "A New Class of Invertible Mappings". Ciphers such as TSC-1, TSC-3, TSC-4, ABC, Mir-1 and VEST are built with different types of T-functions. Because arithmetic operations such as addition, subtraction and multiplication are also T-functions (triangular T-functions), software-efficient word-based T-functions can be constructed by combining bitwise logic with arithmetic operations. Another important property of T-functions based on arithmetic operations is predictability of their period, which is highly attractive to cryptographers. Although triangular T-functions are naturally vulnerable to guess-and-determine attacks, well chosen bitwise transpositions between rounds can neutralize that imbalance. In software-efficient ciphers, it can be done by interleaving arithmetic operations with byte-swapping operations and to a small degree with bitwise rotation operations. However, triangular T-functions remain highly inefficient in hardware. | wiki-intro | 0 | 23.67823 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Hans Philipp'
Hans Philipp (17 March 1917 – 8 | Hans Philipp (17 March 1917 – 8 October 1943) was a German Luftwaffe fighter ace during World War II. A flying ace or fighter ace is a military aviator credited with shooting down five or more enemy aircraft during aerial combat. He is credited with 206 enemy aircraft shot down in over 500 combat missions. The majority of his victories were claimed over the Eastern Front, with 29 claims over the Western Front. Born in Meissen, Philipp grew up in the Weimar Republic and Nazi Germany as the only child of a single parent, Alma Philipp. He was raised under challenging financial circumstances, and volunteered for military service in the Wehrmacht in 1936. Following flight training, he was posted to Jagdgeschwader 76 (JG 76—76th Fighter Wing) of the Luftwaffe and participated in the invasion of Poland and as a Staffelkapitän (squadron leader) in the Battle of France. His unit was reformed as II./Jagdgeschwader 54 (JG 54—54th Fighter Wing) in June 1940. He was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 22 October 1940 during the Battle of Britain. He then fought in the aerial battles of the Balkans Campaign and Operation Barbarossa, the German invasion of the Soviet Union. He received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves after 62 aerial victories on 24 August 1941 and the Swords to his Knight's Cross on 12 March 1942, his score now at 86 aerial victories. He claimed his 100th victory on 31 March 1942, the fourth fighter pilot to achieve this mark, and his 150th aerial victory on 14 January 1943. Philipp claimed four aircraft shot down on 17 March 1943 taking his total to 203 aerial victories. He thus surpassed Hermann Graf as the leading German fighter pilot at the time, and six months after Graf, became the second pilot to claim more than 200 victories. | wiki-intro | 0 | 14.916983 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma'
Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS) is a subtype of | Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS) is a subtype of the rhabdomyosarcoma soft tissue cancer family whose lineage is from mesenchymal cells and are related to skeletal muscle cells. ARMS tumors resemble the alveolar tissue in the lungs. Tumor location varies from patient to patient, but is commonly found in the head and neck region, male and female urogenital tracts, the torso, and extremities. Two fusion proteins can be associated with ARMS, but are not necessary, PAX3-FKHR (now known as FOXO1). and PAX7-FKHR. In children and adolescents ARMS accounts for about 1 percent of all malignancies, has an incidence rate of 1 per million, and most cases occur sporadically with no genetic predisposition. PAX3-FOXO1 is now known to drive cancer-promoting gene expression programs through creation of distant genetic elements called super enhancers. Genetics
There is no genetic predisposition for developing ARMS, but there are a few genetic recombination events that occurs to cause the fusion protein to be synthesized. In order to have the PAX3-FOXO1 fusion there needs to be a recombination event that translocates part of chromosome 13 to chromosome 2, and for PAX7-FOXO1 fusion there must be a translocation of part of chromosome 13 to chromosome 1. The 2;13 translocation reciprocal is often balanced and not amplified, while the 1;13 translocation reciprocal is sometimes viewed as balanced and sometimes not, so it is often amplified. The PAX7-FOXO1 fusion is often amplified in tumors (about 70 percent of all PAX7-FOXO1 fusion positive tumors) and the PAX3-FOXO1 fusion is rarely amplified (only in 5 percent of all PAX3-FOXO1 fusion positive tumors). About 60 percent of all ARMS cases are positive for PAX3-FOXO1 fusion gene, 20 percent are positive for PAX7-FOXO1 fusion gene, and the remaining 20 percent are fusion negative ARMS cases. Both fusion genes are composed of either the PAX3 or PAX7 DNA binding domains and the FOXO1 transactivation domain. This fusion causes a dysregulation of transcription and acts as an oncogene promoting cancer formation. | wiki-intro | 0 | 17.180571 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Whusha al-dallala'
Whusha al-dallala (died after 1104), was a | Whusha al-dallala (died after 1104), was a Jewish-Egyptian broker. She was the daughter of the Jewish banker Ammar of Alexandria, married Arye ben Yehudah and moved to Cairo, but divorced early, and made a business career of her own. She is known for her successful business career as well as her love life, both of which made her a remarkable exception from the otherwise secluded women in Egypt regardless of religion. She was a leading member of the Cairo business world, often appearing in court for her business tasks, in contrast to the otherwise secluded life of women in then Cairo. She also made a scandal by challenging social and sexual conventions, living with a lover and having a child with him out of wedlock, which had her banned from the synagogue in 1095. She is also known for her will from 1104, in which she donated her vast fortune to various institutions and charitable subjects within the Jewish community of Cairo. | wiki-intro | 0 | 27.691843 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Sanderson Field'
Sanderson Field is a public lighted-land | Sanderson Field is a public lighted-land airport located in Shelton, a city in Mason County, Washington, United States. It is located just outside the City of Shelton corporate limits, and is owned and operated by the Port of Shelton. It is bordered on the south by the Mason County Fairgrounds, on the north by a business park and Dayton Airport Road, on the west by the Washington State Patrol Training Academy, and on the east by U.S. Highway 101. The airport was named after Major General Lawson H. M. Sanderson of the United States Marine Corps. History
Sanderson Field originally operated under the name Mason County Airport. and opened in the late 1920s. In 1941, the United States Navy took over operations of Mason County Airport for use as a Naval Air Station during World War II and became Naval Air Station Shelton. Under the ownership of the Navy, a new runway was added, and the facilities expanded. The airport closed down as a naval air installation in 1955 and sat unused for eleven years until reopening in August 1966. At the reopening dedication on August 28, it was deeded back to the Port of Shelton (who owns the airport today), christened "Sanderson Field" and the facilities improved. The larger of two runways (north-south; designated 17–35) was closed, and runway 5-23 (east-west) was expanded and kept open. The closed runway has occasionally been used as a drag strip. In late 1993, a chainlink security fence was added to the perimeter of the airport and in 1994 five new hangars were built at the southeast corner. A large number of buildings today are remnants of the World War II era. | wiki-intro | 0 | 16.915731 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Étaín'
Étaín or Édaín (Modern Irish spelling: Éadaoin) | Étaín or Édaín (Modern Irish spelling: Éadaoin) is a figure of Irish mythology, best known as the heroine of Tochmarc Étaíne (The Wooing Of Étaín), one of the oldest and richest stories of the Mythological Cycle. She also figures in the Middle Irish Togail Bruidne Dá Derga (The Destruction of Da Derga's Hostel). T. F. O'Rahilly identified her as a sun goddess. Name
The name Étaín is alternately spelt as Edain, Aideen, Etaoin, Éadaoin, Aedín, or Adaon. It is derived from a diminutive form of Old Irish ét, "passion, jealousy". She is sometimes known by the epithet Echraide ("horse rider"), suggesting links with horse deities and figures such as the Welsh Rhiannon and the Gaulish Epona. In Tochmarc Étaíne Midir names her Bé Find (Fair Woman). However, the poem embedded in the text, "A Bé Find in ragha lium" may be an older, unrelated composition that was appended to the story later. | wiki-intro | 0 | 60.680756 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Economic anthropology'
Economic anthropology is a field that attempts | Economic anthropology is a field that attempts to understand the economic systems of human societies. It does so by employing a variety of methods, including ethnography, surveys, and experiments.
Economic anthropology has its roots in the work of classical economists such as Adam Smith and David Ricardo. They observed that different societies had different economic systems, and that these systems had a significant impact on the way people lived their lives. Economic anthropologists have continued to explore the ways in which different economic systems affect human societies.
One of the main goals of economic anthropology is to develop insights that can be used to improve the economic systems of human societies. For example, by understanding how different economic systems affect human behavior, policymakers can make more informed decisions about how to improve those systems.
Economic anthropology is a relatively new field, and there is still much to be learned about it. Ongoing research in this field will undoubtedly help us better understand the ways in which different economic systems affect human societies. | wiki-intro | 1 | 5.834675 | [
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Why has there been, seemingly all of a sudden, a big push to block pornography on the internet? Is there some other reason besides'think of the children'appeals to conservative voters, or is it just pandering? Explain like I' m five. | There are a few reasons why there has been a push to block or restrict access to pornography on the internet. One reason is that some people believe that pornography can be harmful, particularly to children and young people who may be exposed to it. They argue that pornography can shape attitudes and behaviors in harmful ways, and that it can contribute to the objectification and exploitation of women and other marginalized groups. Another reason is that some people believe that pornography can be addictive and can interfere with people's ability to form and maintain healthy relationships. They argue that it can lead to problems such as social isolation, relationship difficulties, and decreased productivity. Finally, some people believe that pornography is simply not appropriate for certain audiences, such as children, and that it should be restricted in order to protect them. Overall, the push to block or restrict access to pornography on the internet is driven by a variety of factors, including concerns about its potential harm, as well as moral and cultural values. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 1 | 6.33066 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Oakville Assembly'
The Oakville Assembly Complex is a Ford | The Oakville Assembly Complex is a Ford Motor Company assembly plant located in Oakville, Ontario, Canada. The plant produces the Ford Focus ST, the Ford Fiesta ST, and the Ford C-Max Energi.
The Oakville Assembly Complex is a Ford Motor Company assembly plant located in Oakville, Ontario, Canada. The plant produces the Ford Focus ST, the Ford Fiesta ST, and the Ford C-Max Energi. The plant opened in 1998 and has a production capacity of 350,000 vehicles per year. | wiki-intro | 1 | 3.351232 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Aadi (actor)'
Aditya Pudipeddi (born 23 December 1989), better | Aditya Pudipeddi (born 23 December 1989), better known as Aadi, is an Indian actor who works in Telugu films. Aadi made his debut with Prema Kavali (2011). He won the Filmfare Award for Best Male Debut – South and SIIMA Award for Best Male Debut (Telugu) for the film. He went on to be starred in successful films such as Lovely (2012) and Sukumarudu (2013). Early life
Aditya Pudipeddi was born on 23 December 1989 in Amudalavalasa, Srikakulam district, Andhra Pradesh. Son of actor Sai Kumar, Aadi was schooled in Chennai in Padma Sheshadri till 7th standard and then moved to St. Andrews School in Hyderabad, followed by St Johns for Intermediate and completed his graduation from Bhavan's Vivekananda College. He excelled in studies, and had an inclination towards acting. He was an all-rounder in Cricket and he was selected for the under-19 Ranji Cricket Team. He played under the captaincy of Ambati Rayudu, and Pragyan Ojha, the Indian Team player was his roommate during their Sri Lanka trip. | wiki-intro | 0 | 24.193298 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Jalaram Bapa'
Jalaram Bapa popularly known as Bapa | Jalaram Bapa popularly known as Bapa (4 November 1799 (Samvat 1856) – 23 February 1881 (Samvat 1937)) was a Hindu saint from Gujarat, India. He was born on 4 November 1799, one week after the Hindu festival of Diwali, which is associated with his Iṣṭa-devatā Lord Rama. He is mainly worshipped in Gujarat, but his words and miracles have spread throughout India and many other countries. Thursday is the day that is associated with him in Hinduism. Images of Jalaram Bapa usually portray him as wearing white, with a stick in his left hand and a tulsi mala in his right hand. He is always dressed in simple clothes, to represent that he was a pure person. Life
Jalaram Bapa was born in Virpur, Rajkot district, Gujarat, India in 1799, on the seventh day of the Kartika month. His father was Pradhan Thakkar and his mother was Rajbai Thakkar who belonged to Lohana clan. He was a devotee of the Hindu god Rama. | wiki-intro | 0 | 22.969805 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Pungoteague Creek Light'
The Pungoteague Creek Light was a small | The Pungoteague Creek Light was a small screwpile lighthouse constructed in the Chesapeake Bay in 1854. Destroyed in 1856, it had the shortest recorded existence of any lighthouse on the Bay, and possibly the United States, at just 459 days. The lighthouse was built just offshore from Accomack County, Virginia, and was located near the mouth of Pungoteague Creek, then called the Pungoteague River. It was the first screwpile lighthouse built on the Chesapeake, and its construction was overseen by Major Hartman Bache. Most of the foundation was prefabricated in Philadelphia, and was sent, along with the construction crew, down the Bay from Baltimore on April 23, 1854. It was originally estimated that construction of the light would take only six weeks, but lengthy calms during the voyage combined with the crew's inexperience and difficulty in sinking the piles extended the process to almost six months. | wiki-intro | 0 | 20.126581 | [
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Is stopping alcohol consumption the only way to lower enzyme level which is 50? Doc. I have known that I have hcv(hep C) FOR AT LEASE 10YEARS AND i HAVE CONTINUE TO DRINK OFF AND ON SINCE THEN nOW i AM AFFRAID. mY Doctor told me my enz leve is 50 whichis very high. would stop drinking make my lever go down I know it is the best thing to do but I can, t help but wonder if it would help me at this point | It is generally recommended that people with liver disease, including hepatitis C, avoid alcohol to help protect their liver and reduce the risk of further damage. Alcohol can cause inflammation and scarring in the liver and can worsen liver damage. Therefore, stopping alcohol consumption is likely to be beneficial for your liver health and may help lower your enzyme levels. However, it is important to note that other factors, such as the severity of your liver disease and other underlying medical conditions, can also affect your enzyme levels. It is important to follow the recommendations of your healthcare provider and to work with them to manage your hepatitis C and any other health conditions you may have. | hc3-medicine | 1 | 4.408508 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Regulated market'
A regulated market (RM) or controlled market | A regulated market (RM) or controlled market is an idealized system where the government or other organizations oversee the market, control the forces of supply and demand, and to some extent regulate the market actions. This can include tasks such as determining who is allowed to enter the market and/or what prices may be charged. The majority of financial markets such as stock exchanges are regulated, whereas over-the-counter markets are usually not at all or only moderately regulated. One of the reasons for regulation can be the importance of the regulated activity - meaning the harm suffered should the industry fail would be so fatal that regulators (governments, legislators) cannot afford the risk. This includes fields like banking or financial services. Secondly, it is common for some markets to be regulated under the claim that they are natural monopolies, or that a monopoly would very likely appear should there be no regulation. It is crucial to prevent misuse of monopoly power, as this can lead to delivery of poor services with very high prices. This includes for example the telecommunications, water, gas, or electricity supply. Often, regulated markets are established during the partial privatisation of government controlled utility assets. | wiki-intro | 0 | 26.242006 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'The Sheriff's Son'
The Sheriff's Son is a 1919 American | The Sheriff's Son is a 1919 American silent drama film directed by Edward H. Griffith and starring Griffith, Myrna Loy and Lionel Barrymore. The screenplay by Hamlin Garland is based on the novel of the same name by Zane Grey.
The film tells the story of a young man born to a lawman who is forced to flee his home after becoming embroiled in a dispute with the townspeople. He travels to New York City, where he becomes involved in a criminal underworld and falls in love with a woman who is already married. In the end, he is able to return home and reconciles with his father. | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.265517 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Phil Putnam'
Phillip Jeffrey Putnam (born July 29, 1979) | Phillip Jeffrey Putnam (born July 29, 1979) is an American independent singer-songwriter, pianist, and author. He has released eight albums of original music and several EPs and singles. In August 2011 he announced the production of his 9th album on his official website. Early life
Putnam was born in Sacramento, CA, and raised in the Sacramento suburb of Fair Oaks. He was the youngest of three children in a single-parent home, his mother and father divorcing when he was six months old. Unlike most professional musicians, he did not begin to seriously develop his musical skills until college. He was bookish a child, highly social, somewhat girlish, and overweight. In media interviews, he has often referred to himself as "the proverbial 'fat kid in dodgeball.'" While there were many indicators during childhood that he was gay, he struggled to accept his sexuality until he was 24, and was 25 when he came out of the closet. | wiki-intro | 0 | 12.889127 | [
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Jerry Levitan (born 1954) is a Canadian | Jerry Levitan (born 1954) is a Canadian best known as "the kid who interviewed John Lennon". He produced and starred in the animated short I Met the Walrus about his meeting with John Lennon and Yoko Ono in Toronto, Ontario, Canada in 1969. Though only 14 years old, Levitan beat the world media and conducted an exclusive 30-minute interview with them about peace, The Beatles, and their music. The film won a Daytime Emmy in 2009 in the category of New Approaches, Daytime Entertainment. It was also nominated for an Oscar in 2008 for best animated short, and won Best Animated at the Manhattan Short Film Festival, the American Film Festival and the Middle East International Film Festival. He is the author of the best selling, autobiographical book, I Met The Walrus published May 2009 by Harper Collins. It is the account of Levitan's childhood growing up in the sixties, his love for the Beatles, and traces in detail the day he spent with John Lennon and Yoko Ono. | wiki-intro | 0 | 19.2043 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Fred M. Taylor'
Fred Manville Taylor (July 11, 1855, Northville, | Fred Manville Taylor (July 11, 1855, Northville, Michigan – August 7, 1932) was a U.S. economist and educator best known for his contribution to the theory of market socialism. He taught mostly history at Albion College from 1879 to 1892. He taught in the department of economics at University of Michigan from 1892 to 1929 after receiving his Ph.D. in political philosophy there in 1888. His Principles of Economics (1911) went through 9 editions. Of a libertarian ideology, he was noted as a clear and rigorous expositor of economic theory in the partial-equilibrium lineage of Alfred Marshall. In his American Economic Association presidential address, Taylor (1929) laid out the conditions under which a socialist economy could in theory achieve an efficient allocation of resources. The conditions parallel those of a private-enterprise economy. They include the state providing money income to its citizens, citizens using their income as they choose to buy output produced by state enterprises, and the state setting prices equal to marginal cost so as to compensate factors of production, including labor, with prices set by trial-and-error to clear markets. In this, Taylor stated principles of market socialism developed by Abba Lerner and Oscar Lange in the following decade and anticipated in mathematical form by Enrico Barone in 1908. | wiki-intro | 0 | 25.807962 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'James Titcombe'
James Roger Titcombe OBE is a patient | James Roger Titcombe OBE is a patient advocate and former psychiatric nurse who has campaigned for improved mental health services for people with mental illness. He has also written about his experiences of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
James Titcombe was born in 1958 in the town of Ipswich, Suffolk, England. He was educated at Ipswich School and studied nursing at the University of East Anglia.
Titcombe began his psychiatric nursing career in 1982 at the Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust. In 1986 he moved to the Royal Free Hospital in London, where he worked as a psychiatric nurse until 1997.
Between 1997 and 2001 Titcombe worked as a patient advocate for Cambridgeshire County Council. He then became a patient manager for the North East London NHS Foundation Trust, where he worked until 2006.
Since 2006 Titcombe has been a patient advocate for the Maudsley Hospital in London. He has also written about his experiences of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, most notably in his memoir "The Madness of Kings: A Memoir of Schizophrenia" (2013).
Titcombe was awarded an OBE in the 2013 Queen's Birthday Honours for his work as a patient advocate. | wiki-intro | 1 | 8.41792 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Konrad Reuland'
Konrad Albert Reuland (April 4, 1987 – | Konrad Albert Reuland (April 4, 1987 – September 12, 2016) was a German singer and songwriter. He was known for his powerful voice and soulful ballads.
Konrad Albert Reuland was born on April 4, 1987 in Düsseldorf, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. He started singing at the age of six, and by the age of thirteen he had started writing his own songs. In 2006, he released his debut album, entitled "Konrad Albert Reuland". The album received positive reviews from music critics, and it peaked at number two on the German Albums Chart. In 2009, Reuland released his second album, entitled "The Blue Room". The album received mixed reviews from music critics, but it sold well worldwide. In 2013, Reuland released his third album, entitled "Spirit". The album received positive reviews from music critics, and it peaked at number four on the German Albums Chart. In 2015, Reuland released his fourth album, entitled "The Lost Songs". The album received positive reviews from music critics, and it peaked at number one on the German Albums Chart. In 2016, Reuland died of a heart attack aged 28. | wiki-intro | 1 | 5.879326 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Shirley Abrahamson'
Shirley Schlanger Abrahamson (December 17, 1933December 19, | Shirley Schlanger Abrahamson (December 17, 1933December 19, 2020) was the 25th chief justice of the Wisconsin Supreme Court. An American lawyer and jurist, she was appointed to the court in 1976 by Governor Patrick Lucey, becoming the first female justice to serve on Wisconsin's highest court. She became the court's first female chief justice on August 1, 1996, and served in that capacity until April 29, 2015. In all, she served on the court for 43 years (1976–2019), making her the longest-serving justice in the history of the Wisconsin Supreme Court. Early life and career
Abrahamson was born Shirley Schlanger in New York City, the daughter of Polish Jewish immigrants, Leo and Ceil (Sauerteig) Schlanger. She graduated from New York's Hunter College High School for Intellectually Gifted Young Ladies and in 1953 received her bachelor's degree from New York University. She continued her education at Indiana University Law School, earning her J.D. in 1956 with high distinction and graduating first in her class. At Indiana, she met her husband, Seymour Abrahamson, and moved with him to Madison, Wisconsin, for his post-doctoral work in zoology. | wiki-intro | 0 | 10.966036 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'John Read (pirate)'
John Read (fl. 1683-1688) was an English | John Read (fl. 1683-1688) was an English buccaneer, privateer, and pirate active from South America to the East Indies to the Indian Ocean. History
Along with navigator and chronicler William Dampier, Read was a crewman aboard John Cook's 1683 privateering expedition which captured a prize ship they renamed Bachelor's Delight. Cook took them around Cape Horn to raid Spain's Pacific territories, joining a flotilla of other buccaneers including Charles Swan's Cygnet. Cook died in 1684, replaced by Edward Davis; Read, Dampier, and others soon transferred to Cygnet. After some unproductive raids Swan headed west across the Pacific in early 1686, his lack of success causing the crew to grow unruly. After a stop at Guam they arrived at Mindanao in the Philippines in June 1686. The crew soon mutinied, ejecting Swan and electing Josiah Teat as Captain, who was himself soon replaced as Captain by Read, setting sail in early 1687. | wiki-intro | 0 | 35.476604 | [
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Why do babies always try to eat their own fists when they're happy? Whenever I see a baby get exited or happy i see them stick their hand in their mouth and i have no clue why. Examples: URL_ 0 URL_ 1 Please explain like I' m five. | Happiness and mouths go together for babies. They are too young to separate'being fed makes my mouth feel full and makes me feel warm and happy'from'I feel warm and happy, better fill my mouth'. It's the same as, in slightly older children, the confusion between'I slept well and also this blanket is always there'and'the blanket means I sleep well'. It's a pattern-finding thing our brain does from before birth that explains why we find certain types of music comforting, or believe superstitions about black cats, and why we see faces in trees. It's the great strength of the human brain-making associations outside of immediate cause and effect allowed us to know since prehistory that sex led to babies and that seeds lead to trees-but it also has a ton of side effects. One of which is babies sucking their tiny balled-up fists with joy. It's not just when they're happy. They just sort of do that. my son does it all the time. EDIT: and to try to do better than the junk below: babies do this because they have a sort of odd sensation in their mouths that they are trying to put pressure on. it usually signals that they are going to start teething or they are. Their mouth and hands are how babies explore the world. From what i ve read, we communicate with our mouths. When babies put things in their mouths, its their way of communicating with the world around them, since they lack the knowledge to do it any other way. Once again, this is something i ve read online, i m no baby expert or anything. Just my two cents. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 0 | 36.4729 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Louis Mink'
Louis O. Mink Jr. (September 3, 1921 | Louis O. Mink Jr. (September 3, 1921 – January 19, 1983) was a philosopher of history whose works challenged early philosopher of history R. G. Collingwood and were part of a postmodern dialogue on history and historical narrative with other philosophers of history, like Hayden White and Georg Lukács. Mink and White were responsible for what would later be called the "linguistic turn" in philosophy of history. Mink received his bachelor's degree from Hiram College, then served in the United States Army during World War II. After the war he received a masters and doctorate from Yale. He became a member of the faculty at Wesleyan University in 1952 and remained in the department until he died of a heart attack on January 19, 1983. While at Wesleyan he was chair of the philosophy department from 1967 to 1976, the Kenan Professor of Humanities and director of the Center for Humanities. He had a wife named Helen Patterson, two sons and a daughter. | wiki-intro | 0 | 12.972081 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Robert Lee Walden'
Robert Lee Walden, Jr. (born November 15, | Robert Lee Walden, Jr. (born November 15, 1934) is an American lawyer and jurist who served as the 74th Attorney General of the United States from 1981 to 1987.
Walden was born in San Diego, California, the son of Robert Lee Walden, Sr., a naval officer, and the former Helen Louise (née Lieberman) Walden. He received his B.A. from Stanford University in 1956 and his J.D. from Harvard Law School in 1959. He was a law clerk to Justice Arthur Goldberg of the United States Supreme Court from 1959 to 1960.
Walden served as an Assistant United States Attorney for the District of Columbia from 1960 to 1961, and as Special Assistant Attorney General for the Civil Rights Division of the Department of Justice from 1961 to 1963. He was a Professor of Law at Duke University School of Law from 1963 to 1981, and served as its Dean from 1978 to 1981.
Walden was nominated by President Jimmy Carter on January 30, 1981, to be the 74th Attorney General of the United States, and was confirmed by the United States Senate on March 10, 1981. As Attorney General, Walden directed the Department of Justice's civil rights enforcement efforts, which resulted in a record number of civil rights prosecutions and convictions during his tenure. He also implemented several new civil rights laws, including the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (CAPTA). Walden resigned from office on November 17, 1987, after | wiki-intro | 1 | 4.375429 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Zografeion Lyceum'
Zografeion Lyceum or Zografyon Lyceum is | Zografeion Lyceum or Zografyon Lyceum is one of the remaining open Greek schools in Istanbul. The school is in the Istanbul city centre in the Beyoğlu district and very close to the Taksim Square, which is considered the heart of the city. History
The school was founded in the late 19th century, as the growing number of Greek students proved to be more than the Zappeion and Panayia schools could accommodate; in particular, the School of Panayia (Σταυροδρόμι της Παναγίας) had more than 800 pupils. The community decided to build a new school, and donations were collected from a number of people. Christakis Zografos, who was living in Paris at the time, made the largest contribution, of 10,000 gold liras. In 1890, the Greek community decided that the school be renamed after Zografos. An architectural competition was held, choosing a design by Pericles Fotiades. The school was inaugurated in 1893 and its first alumni were graduated in 1899. | wiki-intro | 0 | 17.355505 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Lucía, Lucía'
Lucía, Lucía, also known as La hija | Lucía, Lucía, also known as La hija del caníbal, is a 2002 Mexican-Spanish film directed by Antonio Serrano. The story is based on Rosa Montero's novel of the same name (1997). The film stars Argentine actress Cecilia Roth, Mexican actor Kuno Becker, and Spanish actor Carlos Álvarez-Nóvoa. The cinematographer is Xavier Pérez Grobet. Plot
Lucía, a children's book writer, is travelling to Brazil with her husband on vacation, when her husband disappears after going to the airport bathroom. She later learns that he was kidnapped by a group called the People Workers Party that wants 20 million pesos from her. Her husband frantically tells her to find the money in his aunt's safe deposit box. With the help of her neighbours, a Spanish Civil War veteran, and a young musician, Lucía sets out to find his kidnappers. She eventually discovers the truth about his disappearance after learning from the police that her husband is accused of being part of an elaborate embezzlement scam from within the Treasury Department of the government and may have possibly faked his kidnapping. | wiki-intro | 0 | 24.093239 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Fancy Dress Festival'
The Fancy Dress Festival (known locally as | The Fancy Dress Festival (known locally as Kakamotobi) is a masquerade festival held on Christmas to the first day of January every year by the people of Winneba in the Central region of Ghana. It is a colourful festival that features brass band music. History
Dutch and British traders at the Winneba seaport began the tradition of the festival in the 19th century. Wearing assorted masks, they danced and drank in white-owned bars celebrating Christmas. Janka Abraham, who hailed from Saltpond, also in the Central Region, and worked as a bar attendant at one of these bars, thought of incorporating the masquerade tradition and festival into local custom. He founded the troop known as Nobles with his friend, pharmacist A. K. Yamoah, in the Alata Kokwado neighborhood around 1923 or 1924. People who belonged to A. K. Yamoah's football club and indoor games groups joined. Membership required the ability to speak the English language. | wiki-intro | 0 | 48.885105 | [
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Turbine Steam Ship (RMS) Manxman was a | Turbine Steam Ship (RMS) Manxman was a turbine steam ship which operated between 1955 and 1973. She was the first turbine steam ship to serve in the British Isles.
The TSS Manxman was built by A. & J. Inglis of Glasgow for the Isle of Man Steam Packet Company (IMSPC). She was launched on 14 May 1955 and made her maiden voyage from Douglas to Peel on 17 May 1955.
TSS Manxman served the IMSPC until 1973, when she was sold to a Norwegian company and renamed SS Nordland. She served them until 1984, when she was sold to a Spanish company and renamed SS Marbella. She served them until 2000, when she was scrapped in Spain. | wiki-intro | 1 | 12.665609 | [
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Crystal River Mall is an enclosed shopping | Crystal River Mall is an enclosed shopping mall located in Crystal River, Florida. Opened on October 7, 1976, it is the largest mall in the Tampa Bay Area and is anchored by Macy's, JCPenney, Sears, and Best Buy.
Crystal River Mall has over 280 stores and restaurants, making it one of the largest shopping destinations in the Tampa Bay Area. The mall features a wide variety of unique stores and restaurants, as well as an ice rink, movie theater, and a 20-story high-rise luxury apartment complex. | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.782697 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Peter Roney'
Peter Roney (15 January 1887 – 25 | Peter Roney (15 January 1887 – 25 August 1930) was a Scottish professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper for Norwich City and Bristol Rovers prior to the First World War. Footballing career
Roney began his footballing career in Scotland with Cambuslang Hibernian, before moving to Scottish League Second Division club Ayr in 1906. He moved to England in 1907 and joined Southern League First Division club Norwich City. Two years later, Roney joined divisional rivals Bristol Rovers and became one of the first goalkeepers to score a goal, when he scored from the penalty spot in the club's final match of the 1909–10 season. As of , Roney is the only goalkeeper to have scored for Bristol Rovers. He made a total of 178 Southern League appearances during his six-year stint with the club. Roney finished his career after the First World War with Ayr United, Albion Rovers and Ashington. | wiki-intro | 0 | 11.36613 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Sally Burgess'
Sally Burgess FRCM (born 9 October 1953) | Sally Burgess FRCM (born 9 October 1953) is a South African-born British operatic lyric mezzo-soprano, opera director, and educator. She has been a Fellow and Professor of Vocal Studies at the Royal College of Music since 2004, as well as teaching stagecraft. She has also taught at the Guildhall School of Music & Drama in London. Biography and career
Born in South Africa, Burgess studied at the Royal College of Music in London with Marion Studholme and Josephine Veasey. She made her debut on the opera stage as Zerlina in Don Giovanni with English National Opera. The ENO gave her a solo contract when she was only 23, and during her career she has sung over 40 roles with the company. Amongst the other companies where has appeared are: the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden where she made her debut as Siebel in Faust with Alfredo Kraus, the Metropolitan Opera, the Bavarian State Opera in Munich, the Grand Théâtre de Genève, Switzerland as Fricka in Der Ring des Nibelungen, Houston Grand Opera as Polinesso in Ariodante, and the Opéra Bastille in Paris in the title role of Carmen. A critic for The Sunday Times described her as "the greatest exponent of Carmen I have ever seen". Carmen is a role with which she has a particular affinity and is one she has sung all over the world. Her other roles include Azucena in Il trovatore, Amneris in Aida, Hanna Glawari in The Merry Widow, Judith in Bluebeard's Castle, Kabanicha in Káťa Kabanová, Ottavia in L'incoronazione di Poppea, Delilah in Samson and Delilah, and Herodias in Salome. | wiki-intro | 0 | 24.578215 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Sofia (1948 film)'
Sofia is a 1948 American thriller film | Sofia is a 1948 American thriller film directed by Vincent Sherman and written by Richard Brooks. The film stars Ingrid Bergman, Humphrey Bogart, and Dean Stockwell. The film tells the story of a Swedish princess who is blackmailed into traveling to the United States to solve a murder.
Released in 1948, Sofia was Bergman's second American film and Bogart's first. The film received generally positive reviews, but was not a commercial success. It has been cited as an influence on Alfred Hitchcock's Psycho (1960).
Princess Sofia (Ingrid Bergman) is forced to travel to the United States to solve a murder after she is blackmailed by her brother-in-law, Count Philip de Mille (Humphrey Bogart). She is assisted by her American secretary, Ellis Loeb (Dean Stockwell), and FBI agent Tom Barton (Edmond O'Brien). They soon find out that the murdered man was Sofia's lover, Prince Andrei (Frederic March). The investigation leads Sofia and her friends into danger at every turn. | wiki-intro | 1 | 11.206109 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Tidal locking'
Tidal locking between a pair of co-orbiting | Tidal locking between a pair of co-orbiting astronomical bodies occurs when one of the objects reaches a state where there is no longer any net change in its rotation rate over the course of a complete orbit. (This is also called gravitational locking, captured rotation, and spin–orbit locking.) In the case where a tidally locked body possesses synchronous rotation, the object takes just as long to rotate around its own axis as it does to revolve around its partner. For example, the same side of the Moon always faces the Earth, although there is some variability because the Moon's orbit is not perfectly circular. Usually, only the satellite is tidally locked to the larger body. However, if both the difference in mass between the two bodies and the distance between them are relatively small, each may be tidally locked to the other; this is the case for Pluto and Charon. The effect arises between two bodies when their gravitational interaction slows a body's rotation until it becomes tidally locked. Over many millions of years, the interaction forces changes to their orbits and rotation rates as a result of energy exchange and heat dissipation. When one of the bodies reaches a state where there is no longer any net change in its rotation rate over the course of a complete orbit, it is said to be tidally locked. The object tends to stay in this state when leaving it would require adding energy back into the system. The object's orbit may migrate over time so as to undo the tidal lock, for example, if a giant planet perturbs the object. | wiki-intro | 0 | 14.32116 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Júlio Almeida'
Júlio Antonio de Souza e Almeida (born | Júlio Antonio de Souza e Almeida (born 5 November 1978 in Rio de Janeiro) is a Brazilian footballer who currently plays for Egyptian Premier League side Al-Ahly.
Almeida began his career in Brazil with Atlético Mineiro, moving to Spain in 2001 and playing for Racing Santander, Valencia CF and Villarreal CF. He then returned to Brazil, playing for Flamengo, Botafogo and Fluminense before joining Al-Ahly in January 2012.
Almeida has made over 150 appearances for Brazil, including at the 2002 World Cup and the 2006 World Cup. He was also part of the Brazilian squad that finished runners-up at the Copa América 2007.
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Dave Allison'
David Bryan Allison (born April 14, 1959) | David Bryan Allison (born April 14, 1959) is an American singer, songwriter, and record producer. He is best known as the frontman of the rock band The Allisons. Allison's work with The Allisons has won him several awards, including five Grammy Awards.
Allison was born in Manchester, New Hampshire. He and his two brothers, Beau and Brett, were raised in a musical household; their father was a musician and their mother was a singer. Allison began his musical career as a drummer in local bands before forming The Allisons in 1984 with childhood friend Scott Sharrard. Allison's initial goal was to write catchy pop songs and make enough money to buy a house.
The Allisons achieved success in the early 1990s with the release of their debut album, Come on Over. Their second album, If You Want to Be My Friend, yielded the hit single "Shake It Out". The band's third album, Make It Easy on Yourself, was released in 1995 and produced the hit single "Walking on Sunshine". In 1998, Allison released his first solo album, entitled Just Enough R&B To Make You Feel Like You're Not Alone.
In 2002, Allison reunited with The Allisons for an international tour. That same year he released his fourth album with The Allisons, entitled Where the Blue Begins. In 2006, Allison released his fifth album with The Allisons, entitled Crazy Eyes. In 2007, he released his sixth album with The Allisons entitled Piece by Piece. In | wiki-intro | 1 | 8.593587 | [
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Algorithmic Trading. Are there actual algorithms being traded or is it the fact that algorithms are being used to trade money? If so how? Please explain like I' m five. | The algorithm is the computer program or software. Humans monitor the computers watching for bugs and glitches, it sometimes happens that the computer goes crazy like trying to buy infinite stock because of a software glitch. There are programmers watching them and working on them all the time, trying to improve the programs. The latest use artificial intelligence to optimize their own programs as they go along. Yes, there are-trading algorithms are very closely guarded secrets to the industry. Trading bots are monitoring various aspects of the market in both short and long-term timeframes to identify trends and determine buy-in and sell-out trigger points. They're doing it hundreds of times per second. You and I think of investments in way, way longer terms than bots. You purchase a stock and hope it goes up by several percent over the course of several months or a year, and consider that pretty good return. Bots are taking advantage of market volatility to make maybe one percent, or even a small fraction of a percent with each trade. But, they do this several times per day, or hour, or even every second, with huge amounts of money. If you had a 0. 5 % return on an investment of $1, 000, you wouldn't consider this very good, earning only $5. Make the same trade with $10 million dollars, and you just made $50 thousand bucks. Do it ten times a day, and you made half a million. Just in a SINGLE DAY. This is what automated trading is all about. The algorithms automate a trading strategy faster, and using a broader set of information, than a human can. A simple algorithm might be "buy x number of a fortune 500 security after it has decreased in price for 2 days and sell after it has risen for 2 consecutive days". We may have historical evidence that this pattern is one that yields returns and it'd be a waste of energy-and an opportunity for the application of often lousy human judgment. So... we' ve just created a trading algorithm! Needless to say they get much complicated than this in practice. For a great primer, check out Phil Maymin's journal "algorithmic finance" (he has a book too I think): URL_ 0 | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 0 | 55.905968 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Gross world product'
The gross world product (GWP) is the | The gross world product (GWP) is the combined gross national income of all the countries in the world. Because imports and exports balance exactly when considering the whole world, this also equals the total global gross domestic product (GDP). According to the World Bank, the 2013 nominal GWP was approximately US$75.59 trillion. In 2017, according to the CIA's World Factbook, the GWP was around US $80.27 trillion in nominal terms and totaled approximately 127.8 trillion international dollars in terms of purchasing power parity (PPP). The per capita PPP GWP in 2017 was approximately Int$17,500 according to the World Factbook. According to the World Bank, the 2020 GWP in current US$ was approximately US$ 84.705 trillion. Recent growth
The table below gives recent percentage values for overall GWP growth from 2006 through 2020, as well as an estimate for 2021, according to the International Monetary Fund (IMF)'s World Economic Outlook database. Data is given in terms of constant year-on-year prices. | wiki-intro | 0 | 14.514138 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on '53 Aquarii'
53 Aquarii (abbreviated 53 Aqr) is a | 53 Aquarii (abbreviated 53 Aqr) is a binary star system in the equatorial constellation of Aquarius. 53 Aquarii is its Flamsteed designation though the star also bears the Bayer designation of f Aquarii. The combined apparent visual magnitude of the pair is a 5.56, making it just visible to the naked eye in dark suburban skies. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 49.50 milliarcseconds for the first component, this system is located at a distance of approximately from Earth. This is a wide binary star system with a projected separation of 100 astronomical units; indicating that the two stars are at least this distance apart. The primary component is a solar-type main sequence star with a stellar classification of G1 V. It has about 99% of the Sun's mass, 111% of the Sun's radius, and shines with 139% of the luminosity of the Sun. This energy is being emitted from an outer envelope at an effective temperature of 5,922 K, giving it the golden hue of a G-type star. An examination of the primary component with the Spitzer space telescope failed to detect any infrared excess that might otherwise be an indication of a circumstellar debris disk. | wiki-intro | 0 | 20.813253 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Prussia Columns'
The Prussia Columns are two monuments, | The Prussia Columns are two monuments, over high, that were erected in the years 1854 and 1855 by order of the Prussian king, Frederick William IV on the southeast coast of the German island of Rügen near Neukamp and Groß Stresow. Both villages are today part of the municipality of Putbus.
The monument near Neukamp was inaugurated on 15 October 1854 and the one near Groß Stresow exactly one year later, on the 60th birthday of Frederick William IV. The drums and parts of the pedestal were carved from one of the largest glacial erratics on and around Rügen, the Great Rock near Nardevitz on Rügen's Jasmund peninsula. Most of the rock was destroyed as a result of being quarried for the columns. Nevertheless, it is still impressive today, and sticks 3 metres out of the ground. The monuments were intended to commemorate the landings of the Brandenburg and later, Prussian troops on the island in the years 1678 and 1715 and to demonstrate Prussia's claim to power over the southern Baltic Sea region. The island of Rügen, which had belonged to Swedish Pomerania since the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648, was on each occasion briefly wrested from Swedish rule as a result of the invasions, but then returned to Sweden as a result of subsequent peace agreements. | wiki-intro | 0 | 23.543819 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Moy House, Moray'
Moy House is an 18th-century country house | Moy House is an 18th-century country house near Forres in Moray, Scotland. Built on the site of an older house by Collen Williamson and John Adam in the mid eighteenth century for Sir Ludovic Grant of Grant, it was the first building designed by a member of the Adam family to be built in Moray. It was designated a Category A listed building in 1971, and has been listed on the Buildings at Risk Register for Scotland since 1990; ravaged by fire in 1995, it is now a ruin. Description
Moy House is a ruined mansion, built in the classical style. Its three-storey central block, which is now roofless, has two main facades, one facing east and the other west, with its principal entrance in the east front. Three-storey wings project to the east at either end of the main block, forming a U-shaped courtyard, and two-storey wings projecting beyond these to the north and south. | wiki-intro | 0 | 18.760948 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'SJ T44'
T44 is a Swedish diesel-electric locomotive built | T44 is a Swedish diesel-electric locomotive built by Nydqvist & Holm (NOHAB) and Kalmar Verkstad (KVAB) in 123 units between 1968 and 1987. It was the successor of T43, and used both for hauling and shunting. It is the most common diesel locomotive in Sweden, with state-owned Green Cargo as the largest operator. Other operators include Israel Railways (one), Malmtrafik (two) and formerly Norwegian State Railways (one, designated NSB Di 7) and Inlandsbanan AB. History
Though mainly used for shunting and freight hauling, T44 class members have occasionally been used to haul passenger trains. In the 1970s they were used on the unelectrified Borlänge-Mora line, and in 1990s on the Inland Line. Compared to the predecessor T43 class, the T44 is more powerful and has a modernized drivers cab, with better noise insulation, though there are many similarities between the models. In appearance the T44 is somewhat more square than the predecessors. Up to three T44s can run in multiple units. | wiki-intro | 0 | 33.554649 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Sincerity and Authenticity'
Sincerity and Authenticity is a 1972 book | Sincerity and Authenticity is a 1972 book by American philosopher Robert Nozick. It is a defense of ethical egoism and libertarianism, and a polemic against moral absolutism.
Nozick argues that sincerity and authenticity are the two main virtues of an individual. He claims that sincerity is the virtue of being true to oneself, while authenticity is the virtue of being true to one's beliefs. He maintains that these virtues are necessary for an individual to flourish, as they allow individuals to be themselves and to build relationships based on trust. | wiki-intro | 1 | 8.096088 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Pinakbet'
Pinakbet (also called pakbet or pinak bet) | Pinakbet (also called pakbet or pinak bet) is a Southeast Asian cuisine consisting of a variety of small, delicate appetizers or snacks served as part of a meal.
Pinakbet is a popular Southeast Asian cuisine consisting of a variety of small, delicate appetizers or snacks served as part of a meal. The most common flavors are shrimp, chicken, and fish. Pinakbet is often served with dipping sauce such as sweet soy sauce or chili garlic sauce. | wiki-intro | 1 | 5.130087 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Virginia Tanner'
Virginia Tanner (April 25, 1915 – May 20, | Virginia Tanner (April 25, 1915 – May 20, 1998) was an American actress and singer who appeared in over 100 films and television series during a career that began in the 1940s. She is perhaps best known for her roles as Martha Stewart in the CBS sitcom The Mary Tyler Moore Show (1962–1977) and as Gillian Brady's mother on the ABC sitcom Brady Bunch (1970–1974).
Born in Roanoke, Virginia, Tanner began her acting career in stage productions before making her film debut in the 1941 thriller Night of the Hunter. Over the following decades, she appeared in a number of popular films, including The Grapes of Wrath (1940), Born to Kill (1946), Shane (1953), The Reivers (1960), The List of Adrian Messenger (1966), and The Friends of Eddie Coyle (1973). She also received critical acclaim for her performances in such films as A Place for My Wife (1951), The Big Country (1958), and Travels with My Aunt (1972).
In 1977, Tanner retired from acting to focus on her religious beliefs. She died at the age of 81 in 1998. | wiki-intro | 1 | 8.893376 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Mewari language'
Mewari is an Indo-Aryan language of the | Mewari is an Indo-Aryan language of the Rajasthani group. It is spoken by about five million speakers in Rajsamand, Bhilwara, Udaipur, and Chittorgarh districts of Rajasthan state of India. There are 31 consonants, 10 vowels, and 2 diphthongs in Mewari. Intonation is prominent. Dental fricative is replaced by glottal stop at initial and medial positions. Inflection and derivation are the forms of word formation. There are two numbers—singular and plural, two genders—masculine and feminine, and three cases—simple, oblique, and vocative. Case marking is partly inflectional and partly postpositional. Concord is of nominative type in the imperfective aspect but ergative in the perfective aspect. Nouns are declined according to their endings. Pronouns are inflected for number, person, and gender. Third person is distinguished not only in gender but also in remote-proximal level. There are three tenses—present, past, and future; and four moods. Adjective are of two types—marked or unmarked. Three participles are there—present, past, and perfect. It has SOV word order. | wiki-intro | 0 | 15.606434 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Kevin S. MacLeod'
Kevin Stewart MacLeod (born 1951) is | Kevin Stewart MacLeod (born 1951) is a Canadian composer, musician, and sound artist. He is known for his experimental electronic music and sound design, as well as his work on the soundtracks for the films Cube (1998), The Blair Witch Project (1999), and Donnie Darko (2001).
MacLeod was born in Toronto, Canada in 1951. He studied music at the University of Toronto, where he earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1972. He then attended the Royal College of Music in London, England, where he earned a Master of Arts degree in 1974. MacLeod returned to Toronto and began working as a composer and musician.
In 1998, MacLeod released his first album of experimental electronic music under the name Kranky. The album was later renamed Cube and became a major commercial success. The follow-up album, The Mercury Soundtrack to Donnie Darko, was also well received by critics. MacLeod has since released two more albums under the Kranky name: Impossibility of Annihilation (2004) and Born Under Punches (2006).
MacLeod has also composed music for the films The Blair Witch Project and Donnie Darko, as well as for television shows such as Buffy the Vampire Slayer and Angel. He has also recorded several solo albums of acoustic music.
MacLeod currently lives in Toronto with his wife and two children. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.162262 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Kjell Koserius'
Major General Kjell Bertil Ingvar Koserius (26 | Major General Kjell Bertil Ingvar Koserius (26 October 1943 – 4 December 2002) was a Swedish Air Force officer. Career
Koserius was born on 26 October 1943 in Kinna Parish, Älvsborg County, Sweden. Koserius graduated from the Swedish Air Force Flying School in 1962 and was commissioned as an officer with the rank of fänrik. He was promoted to lieutenant in 1964. On 21 June 1978, Koserius graduated from Flygvapnets Krigsskola (F 20) in Uppsala, and was awarded commanding officer of F 20's silver plaque and the Swedish Officers Association's (Svenska officersförbundet) book prize for good study achievements. He completed the Higher Course at the Swedish Armed Forces Staff College from 1981 to 1983 and was promoted to major in 1983. Koserius served in the Defence Staff and in the Air Staff from 1983 to 1985. He was head of Section 1 at Uppland Wing from 1986 to 1988, and was promoted to lieutenant colonel in 1987 and served in the Air Staff from 1988. | wiki-intro | 0 | 20.482349 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Pearl body'
Pearl bodies are small (0.5 - 3.0 mm), | Pearl bodies are small (0.5 - 3.0 mm), lustrous, pearl-like food bodies produced from the epidermis of leaves, petioles and shoots of certain plants. They are rich in lipids, proteins and carbohydrates, and are sought after by various arthropods and ants, that carry out vigorous protection of the plant against herbivores, thus functioning as a biotic defence. They are globose or club-shaped on short peduncles, easily detached from the plant, and are food sources in the same sense as Beltian bodies, Müllerian bodies, Beccarian bodies, coccid secretions and nectaries. They occur in at least 19 plant families (1982) with tropical and subtropical distribution. Cells or tissues that offer food rewards to arthropods are commonplace in the plant world and are an important way of establishing symbiotic relationships. Ants collect these energy-rich bodies (27.8 kJ/g dry weight) and carry them into their nests. Removal of these bodies appears to stimulate the formation of new ones in the same place.
The simultaneous presence of pearl bodies, ant domatia and extrafloral nectaries, suggest a facultative plant-ant mutualism. Early researchers dubbed these bodies 'perldrüsen' (Meyen 1837), 'pärlharen' (Nils Holmgren 1911) and 'perlules' (Kazimierz Stefan Rouppert 1926). Pearl bodies appear to be the primary, and possibly the only nutrient for ants inhabiting Central American myrmecophytes. | wiki-intro | 0 | 39.517704 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Mass amateurization'
Mass amateurization refers to the capabilities that | Mass amateurization refers to the capabilities that increasingly cheaper and more accessible digital technologies afford individual actors to engage in various forms of communication, activism, and knowledge production. It has been argued that mass amateurization has implications for democracy, as it enables citizens to engage in public life without the requisite qualifications or formal training.
The term was first used in a 2002 article by sociologist Manuel Castells, who described the phenomenon as follows:
"Mass amateurization is the ability of large numbers of people to participate in the public sphere without the necessary qualifications or formal training. It is a consequence of new technologies and changing social conditions. The new media have made it possible for anyone with an Internet connection to become a journalist, a filmmaker, or an activist. As a result, many people who would never have had the opportunity to become involved in public life are now able to do so."
Since its introduction, mass amateurization has been the focus of a number of studies and debate. Some argue that it has positive implications for democracy, while others contend that it can lead to irresponsible and inaccurate information being circulated online. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.208428 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Thokottu'
Thokottu is a commercial junction to the | Thokottu is a commercial junction to the south of the city of Kochi in Kerala, India. It is an important bus stop on the route between Ernakulam and Thrissur.
Thokottu is a commercial junction to the south of the city of Kochi in Kerala, India. It is an important bus stop on the route between Ernakulam and Thrissur. The junction connects NH 47 (Palakkad-Kochi) with NH 47A (Ernakulam-Thrissur). It is also a major junction for buses travelling between Cochin and Palakkad. The junction has a number of commercial establishments, including banks, hotels, and restaurants. | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.525544 | [
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How come candle/scent companies can nail a scent like cinnamon or honeysuckle, but scents like coastal waters or ocean breeze smell nothing like it? Just got the national parks air wick plug in and it smells nothing like the channel islands. Please explain like I' m five. | The first two you mention have essential oils that can be extracted so what you are smelling are those essential oils. I imagine something like "Ocean Breeze" or "Midnight rain" are just someone's interpretation of what they smell like and a mixture of random oils to closely mimic the smell. Having spent much of my life in coastal areas, I can say that I do not think I would WANT my air freshener to smell like "coastal waters". I mean, I love the ocean and I love the way it smells because it means I'm at the beach, but I don't really want that smell in my house. It smells like salt water with undertones of rotting fish (really its rotting seaweed most of the time but it smells like fish). While that combination of odors may mean an exciting or relaxing day at the beach, it would be totally gross in my house. It's about the specificity of the scent and personal reference. A stick of cinnamon is going to smell like any other stick of cinnamon (within a tight set of standards) no matter where is came from. But I promise if you grew up in the Med vs the west coast US vs the great lakes, vs anything, you're going to think the "Coastal waters" smell is very different. Plus they're going to leave out any offensive or pungent parts of the experience... ocean breeze, they're going to leave out the rotting fish/plant matter smell and that changes the smell from your reference point. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 0 | 28.115469 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Leo Motzkin'
Leo Motzkin (also Mozkin; 1867 – 7 | Leo Motzkin (also Mozkin; 1867 – 7 November 1933) was a Ukrainian Zionist leader. A leader of the World Zionist Congress and numerous Jewish and Zionist organizations, Motzkin was a key organizer of the Jewish delegation to the 1919 Paris Peace Conference and one of the first Jewish leaders to organize opposition to the Nazi Party in Germany. Biography
Leo Motzkin was born in the town of Brovary, near the city of Kiev in Ukraine, then a part of the Russian Empire. He was raised and educated according to the culture and traditions of the Jewish community. Motzkin had witnessed the 1881 anti-Jewish pogrom in Kiev but escaped to Berlin, the capital of Germany. He was accepted into the University of Berlin at the age of 16, after graduating from high school. Studying Sociology and Mathematics, Motzkin continued on to pursue doctoral studies. At the university, Motzkin helped found the Russian Jewish Academic Association in 1887 and soon became a full-fledged activist in the Zionist movement. | wiki-intro | 0 | 13.369014 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'LisaGay Hamilton'
LisaGay Hamilton (born March 25, 1964) is | LisaGay Hamilton (born March 25, 1964) is an American singer, songwriter and actress. Hamilton was born in San Francisco, California, to Judy (née Gold), a writer and artist, and Ron Hamilton, an advertising executive. She is of Scottish descent. Hamilton began her career as a backup vocalist for the rock band Toto in the early 1980s. Hamilton's first solo album, "Take Me to Your Leader", was released in 1988. She achieved mainstream success with the release of her second album, "I'm Your Baby Tonight", which spawned the hit singles "You're the One That I Want" and "Can't Stop the Feeling!". Hamilton has since released six more albums and starred in several television series. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.012565 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Viswanathan Ramamoorthy (film)'
Viswanathan Ramamoorthy is an Indian 2001 Tamil | Viswanathan Ramamoorthy is an Indian 2001 Tamil language film directed by Rama Narayanan. The film features Ramki, Vivek, Roja, Vindhya, and Kovai Sarala in lead roles. The film, produced by N. Radha, had musical score by S. A. Rajkumar and was released on 10 August 2001 to generally unfavorable reviews from critics. The film is a remake of yesteryear classic Veettuku Veedu which itself was based on the English comedy play "Right Bed Wrong Husband". Plot
Viswanathan is the timid husband of Meena, a small-time artist. Viswanathan’s friend Ramamoorthy, along with his wife Shenbagam, go from their village to Chennai with the hopes of becoming a movie director. Ramamoorthy and Shenbagam stay in Viswanathan’s home. While Meena is away for a few days for shooting, Viswanathan discovers that his uncle has died with a will of Rs. 30 lakhs written in favour of Viswanathan. However, there is a check in the will that the money should be granted to Viswanathan only if Meena behaves well with Viswanathan. There comes Kathavarayan, Viswanathan’s uncle’s manager (who is in charge of the money) and his daughter Andal. As Meena is away for shooting, Ramamoorthy comes up with a plan. Ramamoorthy requests Shenbagam to act as Meena in front of Kathavarayan, so that he develops confidence and hands over the money. Meanwhile, Andal gets attracted towards Ramamoorthy, believing him to be the man who comes in her dreams often. Meena is cheated by her manager and is in financial distress. She gets back to her home and is shocked to see Shenbagam acting as her. However, Meena agrees for the plan as she is also in need of money. After many funny incidents, Kathavarayan gives the money to Viswanathan as Meena has transformed into a caring wife now. Viswanathan also decides to produce a movie to be directed by Ramamoorthy as a token of thanks. | wiki-intro | 0 | 33.647163 | [
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Why aren't there hedge funds for middle class/poor people? If 10 people can invest 10 million apiece, why can't 100000 people invest 1000 apiece? Why are high yield investment instruments seemingly only available to people with lots of cash? Explain like I' m five. | Hedge funds are investment vehicles that typically require a high minimum investment amount, often hundreds of thousands or even millions of dollars. This is because hedge funds often use complex investment strategies that require a significant amount of capital to be effective. Additionally, hedge funds are usually only available to accredited investors, which are individuals who meet certain financial criteria, such as having a high net worth or a high level of income.
The reason that hedge funds and other high yield investment instruments are often only available to people with a lot of cash is because these types of investments are generally considered to be higher risk and therefore may not be suitable for everyone. They also tend to involve a higher level of complexity and may require a certain level of financial expertise to fully understand and evaluate the risks involved.
It is also important to note that there are many other types of investment opportunities available to people with a more modest amount of capital. For example, there are mutual funds, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), and individual stocks that can be purchased with smaller amounts of money. It is always a good idea to do your own research and consult with a financial advisor before making any investment decisions. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 1 | 5.379491 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Minerotrophic'
Minerotrophic refers to environments that receive nutrients | Minerotrophic refers to environments that receive nutrients primarily through groundwater that flows through mineral-rich soils or rock, or surface water flowing over land. Minerotrophic, “minerogenous”, and “geogenous” are now often used interchangeably, although the latter two terms refer primarily to hydrological systems, while the former refers to nutrient dynamics. The hydrologic process behind minerotrophic wetlands results in water that has acquired dissolved chemicals which raise the nutrient levels and reduce the acidity. This in turn affects vegetation assemblages and diversity in the wetland in question. If dissolved chemicals include chemical bases such as calcium or magnesium ions, the water is referred to as base-rich and is neutral or alkaline. In contrast to minerotrophic environments, ombrotrophic environments get their water mainly from precipitation, and so are very low in nutrients and more acidic. Of the various wetland types, fens and rich fens are often minerotrophic while poor fens and bogs are often ombrotrophic. Marshes and swamps may also be fed through groundwater sources to a degree. Hydrology | wiki-intro | 0 | 35.092533 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Andi Manzano'
Andrea Bianca Martin Manzano (born March 29, | Andrea Bianca Martin Manzano (born March 29, 1987), more popularly known by her screen name Andi Manzano, is a Filipino radio jockey, television host, and actress. Andi rose to fame as a discjockey at FM radio station Magic 89.9 as a co-host in the Good Times with Mo program with Mo Twister and Mojo Jojo. She is related to Edu and Luis Manzano as well as Gary Valenciano. She became an MTV VJ when she won an MTV VJ hunt in the Philippines. She was the courtside reporter for the FEU Tamaraws on Studio 23's coverage of UAAP Season 70. With a number of endorsements that came her way, she is currently still a DJ on Magic 89.9 teaming up with Riki Flores from 3-6pm on weekdays (except Friday). Manzano had also been a mainstay VJ on Party Pilipinas on GMA. Early life and career
Manzano was born on March 29, 1987 to Rose Martin-Manzano and . She started her career in 2000 as a cast member of Ang TV 2. | wiki-intro | 0 | 49.373444 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Blue Tory'
A Blue Tory in Canadian politics is | A Blue Tory in Canadian politics is a conservative who advocates for free-market or economically liberal policies. The term has been applied to members of the modern Conservative Party of Canada and provincial Progressive Conservative parties, as well as the historical Progressive Conservative Party of Canada, Reform Party of Canada and Canadian Alliance. History
Prior to the 1960s, these conservatives were most identified with the Montreal and Toronto commercial elite who took positions of influence within the Progressive Conservative Party. Since the mid-1970s, they have been heavily influenced by the libertarian movement and the more individualist nature of American conservatism. Blue Tories tend to favour market-oriented economic policies such as devolution of federal power to the provincial governments, a reduced role for government in the economy, reduction of taxation and similar mainstream market liberal ideals. They also advocate self reliance, individual responsibility, personal freedom and liberty and therefore do not necessarily support social conservatism. | wiki-intro | 0 | 18.285259 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Bamberger'
Bamberger is a Bavarian and Southern German | Bamberger is a Bavarian and Southern German word meaning "butcher." | wiki-intro | 1 | 68.258202 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Arkonia Szczecin'
Arkonia Szczecin is the oldest Polish sports | Arkonia Szczecin is the oldest Polish sports organization, formed after World War II in what was German Province of Pomerania. Its origins date back to June 1945, when in Koszalin, the so-called Milicja Obywatelska Sports Club (Milicyjny Klub Sportowy) was established by Stanislaw Fortunski and other sports enthusiasts. First football game in Polish Koszalin (former German Koslin) took place on 6 June 1945. It featured a team of Red Army soldiers, against Milicja Sports Club; the Soviets won 5:3. In February 1946, when local government of this region of Poland was transferred from Koszalin to Szczecin, the team was also moved, and renamed into Milicja Sports Club Szczecin. In 1947 - 1956, the club went through several changes, with different names, such as Gwardia and Chrobry. Finally, after a merger with Stoczniowiec (the team supported by local shipyard), its official name was Stoczniowo-Gwardyjski Klub Sportowy "ARKONIA" Szczecin. This name remained in use until 1971. | wiki-intro | 0 | 31.063322 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Floor Games'
Floor Games is a book published in | Floor Games is a book published in 1985 by British author Roald Dahl. It tells the story of Bea and her family, who are forced to flee their home in England during World War II because of the bombing raids. They end up in the fictional country of Fraxinus, where Bea's father becomes the mayor.
The book is about Bea's many adventures in Fraxinus, including playing floor games with her friends. These games include Capture the Flag, Hide and Seek, and Ring-Around-the-Rosie. Bea also helps her father run the town, and they learn a lot about life while they are there.
Floor Games was published when Roald Dahl was 83 years old. He died less than a year after its release, in November 1986. | wiki-intro | 1 | 12.873961 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Juan de Betanzos'
Juan Diez de Betanzos (b. Betanzos, Spain | Juan Diez de Betanzos (b. Betanzos, Spain, c. 1537 - d. Lima, Peru, 1606) was a Spanish Jesuit missionary who worked in the Viceroyalty of Peru and is best known for his exploration of the Amazon River.
Juan de Betanzos was born in Betanzos, in the province of A Coruña, around 1537. He attended the University of Salamanca, where he studied philosophy and theology. In 1559 he entered the Jesuit order and was sent to Peru to work as a missionary.
Betanzos arrived in Lima in 1569 and began his work among the indigenous peoples of the Peruvian Amazon. He made several explorations of the region, mapping much of its interior and recording what he found on maps and in journals. His most important exploration was of the Amazon River, which he reached in 1571. He also explored parts of Ecuador and Chile.
Betanzos died in Lima in 1606. He is best known for his exploration of the Amazon River, which he charted in great detail. His work has helped to shape our understanding of that region and has contributed to the development of cartography and navigation. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.419328 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Melanocortin 4 receptor'
Melanocortin 4 receptor is a melanocortin receptor | Melanocortin 4 receptor is a melanocortin receptor which in humans is encoded by the MC4R gene. This receptor is mainly found in the hypothalamus, which is responsible for the regulation of energy balance, hunger, thirst, and reproductive functions.
The melanocortin 4 receptor plays a role in the regulation of energy balance, hunger, thirst, and reproductive functions. It is mainly found in the hypothalamus, which is responsible for the regulation of these processes. The melanocortin 4 receptor is also found in other parts of the brain, like the striatum and nucleus accumbens. The striatum is involved in reward pathways, while the nucleus accumbens plays a role in addiction and drug addiction. | wiki-intro | 1 | 3.826737 | [
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How do VHS tapes play audio? I understand how they play video somewhat. However, how does a VHS tape play audio? Thanks. (Explained) Please explain like I' m five. | A VHS tape is exactly like a cassette tape. The data is stored on it in electromagnetic form. [Here's an excellent website that explains the process.] (URL_ 0) There are three different methods. A linear mono audio track was the first. Most of the tape was used for the video signal, and a stripe on the edge was used for audio. Then a linear stereo track was developed. Same idea as a casette audio tape. Stereo, but not high quality sound. Then hi-fi audio. This is a much more complicated system with the audio signal imbedded into the video signal. Much better sound quality than the previous systems, comparable to CD, though vulnerable to tracking problems and head wear. In ELI5 terms, imagine a combination of how cassette tapes work, and how FM radio works. Rather than recording stereo audio directly, one frequency-modulated signal is recorded and is decoded by a separate play head. There are two carrier frequencies, one for each stereo channel, both in the 1. 6MHz range but separated enough that it avoids crosstalk. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 0 | 31.578644 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Chromosome'
A chromosome is a long DNA molecule | A chromosome is a long DNA molecule found in the nucleus of cells. Chromosomes are composed of DNA and protein. DNA is the genetic material of organisms, and chromosomes are the physical structures that carry this genetic information.
Chromosomes are composed of DNA and protein. DNA is the genetic material of organisms, and chromosomes are the physical structures that carry this genetic information. Chromosomes are usually arranged in a linear fashion along the length of a cell's nucleus. Each chromosome contains about twenty-three pairs of DNA strands, which are wrapped around proteins called histones. The DNA on each chromosome is organized into regions called genes. A gene is a unit of genetic information that codes for a specific protein. | wiki-intro | 1 | 4.975638 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Christos Christovasilis'
Christos Christovasilis (; c. 12 March 1861 | Christos Christovasilis (; c. 12 March 1861 – 17 April 1920) was a Greek painter, who is considered one of the most important representatives of the Greek School of Painting.
Christovasilis was born in the town of Nauplia, on the Peloponnese peninsula, in 1861. He studied at the Athens School of Fine Arts under the guidance of Theodoros Zois and Konstantinos Volanakis. In 1882, he moved to Paris, where he continued his studies at the Académie Julian and at the École des Beaux-Arts. He returned to Greece in 1886 and became a professor at the Athens School of Fine Arts in 1902. He also served as president of the Association of Greek Artists from 1907 to 1909. Christovasilis died in Athens in 1920. | wiki-intro | 1 | 8.867499 | [
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Southern Pacific 4460 is the only surviving | Southern Pacific 4460 is the only surviving 8-8-2 steam locomotive in operation in the United States. It is on permanent display at the Southern Pacific Museum in Sacramento, California.
Southern Pacific 4460 was built in 1941 by the American Locomotive Company (ALC) in Schenectady, New York, as number 9201. The locomotive was originally ordered by the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad (CB&Q), but was delivered to the Southern Pacific Railroad (SP) instead.
SP 4460 is a surviving example of an ALC-built 8-8-2 steam locomotive. These locomotives were designed for use on freight trains on the Western United States and were very popular with railroad operators. SP 4460 is currently the only operational example of this type of locomotive in the United States. | wiki-intro | 1 | 8.790755 | [
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Why the Navier-Stokes existence and smoothness problem has not been solved yet. What makes it so difficult to find a solution or a counter-example to the Navier-Stokes equations? Explain like I' m five. |
···
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Log out | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 1 | 13,111.863281 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Paul Auguste Hariot'
Paul Auguste Hariot (1854 – 5 July | Paul Auguste Hariot (1854 – 5 July 1920) was a French historian and archaeologist who specialized in the history of the Israelites.
He was born in Paris to a Protestant family of modest means. He began his studies at the École Pratique des Hautes Études and then went on to study history at the University of Paris, where he obtained his doctorate in 1881.
Hariot spent most of his career teaching at the University of Orléans, where he served as professor of ancient history from 1893 until his death. He also served as president of the French Archaeological Society from 1907 to 1908.
Hariot is best known for his work on the History of the Israelites, which he wrote over a period of nearly 40 years. His book, L'Ancienne Egypte et la Palestine (1892), was one of the first works to introduce archaeological evidence into historical studies. His other major works include La Civilisation du Proche-Orient (1904), La Méditerranée et le monde antique (1909), and Les Religions de l'Antiquité (1913). Hariot was also a renowned philologist and wrote numerous articles on classical and biblical subjects. He was awarded the Légion d'honneur in 1902 and the Grand Prix de Rome in 1913. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.80958 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Online piracy'
Online piracy is the practice of downloading | Online piracy is the practice of downloading and distributing copyrighted content digitally without permission, such as music or software. The principle behind piracy has predated the creation of the Internet, but its online popularity arose alongside the internet. Despite its explicit illegality in many developed countries, online piracy is still widely practiced, due to both the ease with which it can be done and the often defensible ethics behind it. History
One of the earliest recorded acts of unauthorised content copying was when fourteen-year-old Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart visited the Sistine Chapel around 1771 and heard Allegri's Miserere being performed. The piece's sheet-music was only authorized to be owned by three people: Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor, John V of Portugal, and Giovanni Battista Martini. After having heard it once Mozart went back to his hotel and transcribed the entire piece from memory, coming back again two days later to proofread the transcription against the performance. In the months following his transcription's publication, Mozart's fame for the act had gotten so high that Pope Clement XIV summoned him to Rome in order to grant him papal knighthood. | wiki-intro | 0 | 18.553335 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Æthelred of Mercia'
Æthelred (; died after 704) was king | Æthelred (; died after 704) was king of Mercia from 675 until 704. He was the son of Penda of Mercia and came to the throne in 675, when his brother, Wulfhere of Mercia, died from an illness. Within a year of his accession he invaded Kent, where his armies destroyed the city of Rochester. In 679 he defeated his brother-in-law, Ecgfrith of Northumbria, at the Battle of the Trent: the battle was a major setback for the Northumbrians, and effectively ended their military involvement in English affairs south of the Humber. It also permanently returned the kingdom of Lindsey to Mercia's possession. However, Æthelred was unable to re-establish his predecessors' domination of southern Britain. He was known as a pious and devout Christian king, and he made many grants of land to the church. It was during his reign that Theodore, the Archbishop of Canterbury, reorganized the church's diocesan structure, creating several new sees in Mercia and Northumbria. Æthelred befriended Bishop Wilfrid of York when Wilfrid was expelled from his see in Northumbria; Æthelred made Wilfrid Bishop of the Middle Angles during his exile and supported him at the synod of Austerfield in about 702, when Wilfrid argued his case for the return of the ecclesiastical lands he had been deprived of in Northumbria. | wiki-intro | 0 | 13.004141 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on '1974 NBA draft'
The 1974 NBA draft was the 28th | The 1974 NBA draft was the 28th annual draft of the National Basketball Association (NBA). The draft was held on May 28, 1974, before the 1974–75 season. In this draft, 18 NBA teams took turns selecting amateur U.S. college basketball players and other eligible players, including international players. The first two picks in the draft belonged to the teams that finished last in each conference, with the order determined by a coin flip. The Portland Trail Blazers won the coin flip and were awarded the first overall pick, while the Philadelphia 76ers were awarded the second pick. The remaining first-round picks and the subsequent rounds were assigned to teams in reverse order of their win–loss record in the previous season. Prior to the draft, the Capital Bullets were renamed the Washington Bullets. An expansion franchise, the New Orleans Jazz, took part in the NBA Draft for the first time and were assigned the tenth pick in each round. A player who had finished his four-year college eligibility was eligible for selection. If a player left college early, he would not be eligible for selection until his college class graduated. Before the draft, 20 college underclassmen were declared eligible for selection under the "hardship" rule. These players had applied and gave evidence of financial hardship to the league, which granted them the right to start earning their living by starting their professional careers earlier. The draft consisted of 10 rounds comprising the selection of 178 players. Draft selections and draftee career notes | wiki-intro | 0 | 14.594247 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Xuancheng–Hangzhou railway'
The Xuancheng–Hangzhou railway or Xuanhang railway , | The Xuancheng–Hangzhou railway or Xuanhang railway , is a double-track railroad in eastern China between Xuancheng in southern Anhui Province and Hangzhou, the capital of Zhejiang Province. The line is long and was built in three parts, in 1958, 1972 and 1988. Cities along route include Hangzhou, Deqing (access point to Moganshan), Huzhou, and Changxing in Zhejiang Province and Guangde, Shizipu and Xuancheng in Anhui Province. In 2005, a second track was added to the Xuanhang Line. History
The oldest section on the Xuanhang railway is the section between Changxing and Niutoushan called the Changxing-Niutoushan railway or Changniu railway. This section was built in 1958 to transport coal from Niutoushan to northern Zhejiang. In 1972, with the completion of the Hangzhou–Huzhou railway, the Changniu Line was extended to Hangzhou in the east, and called the Hangzhou–Niutoushan railway or Hangniu railway. In 1986, work began on the extension of the line to Xuancheng on the Anhui–Jiangxi railway, and the entire Hangzhou–Xuancheng railway entered into operation in 1988. In 2003, construction began on a 224 km second track, which was completed in 2005. The second track enabled traveling speed on the line to reach 140 km/h. | wiki-intro | 0 | 19.191616 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Bridge locus'
In neuroscience the bridge locus for a | In neuroscience the bridge locus for a certain type of learning is located in the hippocampus. It has been implicated in the acquisition of procedural memory, which is a form of declarative memory that stores factual information about the world.
The bridge locus is also important for the formation of new memories. When a person encounters something for the first time, neurons in the bridge locus fire in an activity called priming. This activity allows the person to remember the object later on when they encounter it again. | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.55482 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Noura (singer)'
Fatima Zohra Badji (1942–2014) better known | Fatima Zohra Badji (1942–2014) better known by her stage name Noura, was a Lebanese singer and songwriter. She achieved prominence in the 1970s as one of the most popular singers in Lebanon.
Born in 1942 in the town of Qab Elias in the Bekaa Valley, Noura began her music career as a backup singer for established singers including Rayyan Ayash and Mohammad El Sayed. She released her first album in 1972, and went on to achieve widespread success throughout Lebanon with her soulful ballads and traditional folk songs. Her 1977 album "Ghaliyat" was particularly successful, selling over 100,000 copies. Noura's career was cut short by illness in 2014, aged 73. | wiki-intro | 1 | 14.601566 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Saint-Joseph AOC'
Saint-Joseph or St.-Joseph is a French wine | Saint-Joseph or St.-Joseph is a French wine appellation located in the Rhône department. It is one of the most important appellations of the Rhône wine region, and has been classified as a Premier Cru vineyard since 1951.
Saint-Joseph is located in the commune of Puy-de-Dôme, about north of Lyon. The vineyards are spread over an area of about . The climate is warm and maritime, with a continental influence. The soils are composed of limestone and clay.
The vineyards were first planted in the early 18th century by the Jesuits. In 1951 they were classified as a Premier Cru vineyard. The wine is made from Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc and Malbec grapes. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.494032 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Dain ba Enkh'
Dain Ba Enkh (Mongolian: War and Peace) | Dain Ba Enkh (Mongolian: War and Peace) is one of the first hip hop groups established in Mongolia in 1997. In its beginning, it consisted of Mcit, Mc Aav, Bizi, Ezi, Ikser (XR) and Khoron. Writing all their songs themselves and composing them of "highly necessary words", they engaged with political and social matters right from the beginning. They won the competition of Radio 107.5 in the category Best Newcomer with their song "Zogsoltgüi" ("Eternal"). They have published two albums, Ödör tutam (From Day to Day) (1999), being the first hip-hop album published in Mongolia, and Neg chigt (To One Direction) (2001). When Mcit quit the band in 2002, it became quiet around the band, but its activities didn't completely cease, e.g. they published the song "76" (which is the number of seats in the Mongolian parliament) together with Ice Top, a leading hip-hop band of Mongolia in the first decade of the 21st century. Ödör tutam (From Day to Day) | wiki-intro | 0 | 51.979027 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Artigues, Badalona'
Artigues (also spelled Artigas, both pronounced [əɾˈtigəs] | Artigues (also spelled Artigas, both pronounced [əɾˈtigəs] locally, and [aɾˈtɪɣas] in Spanish) is a municipality located in the province of Badalona, Catalonia, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 15,153.
The municipality of Artigues covers an area of 38.50 km². It is located 15 km northeast of Barcelona and 25 km southwest of Girona.
The municipality is bordered by the municipalities of Sant Martí de Llobregat, Montmeló, Mataró, Cornellà de Llobregat and Vallès Oriental.
The name Artigues comes from Latin "Artigas" meaning "armed man" (from "arma" - weapon and "gastis" - man). The town was founded by the counts of Barcelona in 1253 as a barrier against the Saracens. A castle was built there to protect the crossing of the river Llobregat. The town reached its peak in the 16th century with a population of 10,000 people. In 1640 it was sacked by the troops of Felipe IV and in 1714 it was burned by French troops during the War of Spanish Succession. In 1808 it was severely damaged by an earthquake. In 1873 it was connected to Barcelona by railroad.
The main economic activity is tourism, with a large number of visitors coming each year to see the town's | wiki-intro | 1 | 12.103931 | [
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Why is Aereo Illegal, at least in the eyes of the Supreme Court I see a few explanations on this case, but I still can't grasp why it is illegal for Aereo to provide free channels over the internet for a small fee. Please explain like I' m five. | Aereo was exploiting a loophole in the law. Instead of saying that they pick up over-the-air broadcasts and retransmit them, they say they install antennas and you lease the antenna. The result is the same despite the technicality; you paid them to give you over-the-air television. While I hate it myself that it is, it's not Aereo's content to sell. How is cable rebroadcast of OTA not illegal then? | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 0 | 32.691494 | [
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Can Health-Releated Services be a Business Expense? | Yes, in general, health-related services can be considered a business expense if they are directly related to the business and are necessary for the operation of the business. This includes expenses such as:Medical and dental expenses for employees, including the cost of insurance premiums.Health screenings and physicals for employees.Health and safety training for employees.Purchasing and maintaining first aid kits and other safety equipment.To be deductible as a business expense, the services must be ordinary and necessary for the business and must not be lavish or extravagant. The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) has specific guidelines on what expenses are deductible as business expenses, and it's important to carefully review these guidelines to determine whether a particular expense is deductible.It's also important to keep in mind that some health-related expenses may be subject to special rules or limits, such as limits on the amount of premiums that can be deducted or the requirement that certain expenses be allocated between business and personal use. It's always a good idea to consult with a tax professional or refer to the IRS guidelines to ensure that you are correctly reporting and claiming deductions for business expenses. | hc3-finance | 1 | 6.442077 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Claude Berge'
Claude Jacques Berge (5 June 1926 – | Claude Jacques Berge (5 June 1926 – 30 June 2002) was a French mathematician, recognized as one of the modern founders of combinatorics and graph theory. Biography and professional history
Claude Berge's parents were André Berge and Geneviève Fourcade. André Berge (1902-1995) was a physician and psychoanalyst who, in addition to his professional work, had published several novels. He was the son of the René Berge, a mining engineer, and Antoinette Faure. Félix François Faure (1841-1899) was Antoinette Faure's father; he was President of France from 1895 to 1899. André Berge married Geneviève in 1924 and Claude, the subject of this biography, was the second of their six children. His five siblings were Nicole (the eldest), Antoine, Philippe, Edith, and Patrick. Claude attended the École des Roches near Verneuil-Sur-Avre about 110 km west of Paris. This famous private school, founded by the sociologist Edmond Demolins in 1899, attracted students from all over France to its innovative educational program. At this stage in his life, Claude was unsure about the topic in which he should specialize. He said in later life: | wiki-intro | 0 | 18.433283 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Canterbury Cathedral'
Canterbury Cathedral in Canterbury, Kent, is one | Canterbury Cathedral in Canterbury, Kent, is one of the oldest and most famous Christian structures in England. It forms part of a World Heritage Site. It is the cathedral of the Archbishop of Canterbury, currently Justin Welby, leader of the Church of England and symbolic leader of the worldwide Anglican Communion. Its formal title is the Cathedral and Metropolitical Church of Christ at Canterbury. Founded in 597, the cathedral was completely rebuilt between 1070 and 1077. The east end was greatly enlarged at the beginning of the 12th century and largely rebuilt in the Gothic style following a fire in 1174, with significant eastward extensions to accommodate the flow of pilgrims visiting the shrine of Thomas Becket, the archbishop who was murdered in the cathedral in 1170. The Norman nave and transepts survived until the late 14th century when they were demolished to make way for the present structures. | wiki-intro | 0 | 13.402128 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Blackmail'
Blackmail is an act of coercion using | Blackmail is an act of coercion using the threat of revealing or publicizing either substantially true or false information about a person or people unless certain demands are met. It is often damaging information, and it may be revealed to family members or associates rather than to the general public. These acts can also involve using threats of physical, mental or emotional harm, or of criminal prosecution, against the victim or someone close to the victim. It is normally carried out for personal gain, most commonly of position, money, or property. It is also used, sometimes by state agencies, to exert influence; this was a common Soviet practice, so much so that the term "kompromat", transliterated from Russian, is often used for compromising material used to exert control.
Blackmail may also be considered a form of extortion. Although the two are generally synonymous, extortion is the taking of personal property by threat of future harm. Blackmail is the use of threat to prevent another from engaging in a lawful occupation and writing libelous letters or letters that provoke a breach of the peace, as well as use of intimidation for purposes of collecting an unpaid debt. In many jurisdictions, blackmail is a statutory offense, often criminal, carrying punitive sanctions for convicted perpetrators. Blackmail is the name of a statutory offense in the United States, England and Wales, and Australia, and has been used as a convenient way of referring to certain other offenses, but was not a term used in English law until 1968. | wiki-intro | 0 | 17.668665 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'William Atkins (doctor)'
William Atkins ( 1694) was an English | William Atkins ( 1694) was an English physician and naturalist. He is credited with being the first person to describe the symptoms of yellow fever.
William Atkins was born in 1694, in Ipswich, Suffolk, England. He was educated at the University of Edinburgh, where he studied medicine and became a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh in 1811.
Atkins practiced medicine in London from 1815 until his death in 1866. He is best known for his work as a physician and naturalist. His major contributions to medical science include the first description of the symptoms of yellow fever, which he published in 1848. Atkins also made important contributions to medical theory and practice, and was responsible for founding the London School of Medicine for Women. He was also a noted botanist and ornithologist. | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.457147 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Thermal blanket'
A thermal blanket is a device used | A thermal blanket is a device used in cold weather to increase the body's warmth. The blanket is made of a thermal material, typically polyester or wool, and is often fitted with a hood for extra insulation.
The thermal blanket is usually worn over clothing and is placed around the torso, legs and arms. It works by trapping body heat and distributing it evenly throughout the body. This can help to increase the body's temperature by up to 10 degrees Celsius (18 degrees Fahrenheit). | wiki-intro | 1 | 3.842883 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Steve Sengelmann'
Steve Sengelmann (Sangleman or Sengleman in various | Steve Sengelmann (Sangleman or Sengleman in various sources) (born 10 October 1947) is a German drummer, percussionist and composer. He is best known as the drummer in the German rock band Scorpions from 1971 to 1995, and since 1997 he has been a member of the progressive rock band Fates Warning.
Sengelmann was born in Wuppertal, Germany, in 1947. He started playing drums at the age of six and soon became interested in traditional African music. In 1967, he moved to Munich to study percussion at the University of Music and Performing Arts. After two years, he left Munich to join the Scorpions, who were then based in Hamburg.
The Scorpions released their first album in 1971 and Sengelmann remained the drummer for the next 37 years. During that time, he played on over 60 albums and won numerous awards, including five gold records. He also appeared with the Scorpions on many international tours. In 1995, he retired from the band and has since been a touring member of Fates Warning.
In 1997, Sengelmann formed his own progressive rock band, which has released two albums. He also continues to tour with Fates Warning. | wiki-intro | 1 | 9.19714 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'First & Main'
First & Main is a 17-story, | First & Main is a 17-story, office tower in downtown Portland, Oregon, at First and Main streets. The building was completed in 2010 at a cost of $100 million with Hoffman Construction Company as the general contractor for developer Shorenstein Properties. History
The land the building occupies was previously a surface parking lot, long considered a potential location for a new Multnomah County Courthouse. In 2005, the property was purchased by EQ Office, which in turn was bought by The Blackstone Group, which sold the property to Shorenstein Properties. Construction began on the $100 million building in March 2007, and the county at that time hoped to have an underground connection between the Justice Center and a proposed new courthouse site next to the Hawthorne Bridge, through what is now the First & Main site. Excavation work began in September 2007 and a construction crane was erected at the site in April 2008. Early estimates had construction finishing in 2011. | wiki-intro | 0 | 16.359695 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Ernest J. Bohn'
Ernest J. Bohn (1901-15 December 1975) was | Ernest J. Bohn (1901-15 December 1975) was an American historian, specializing in the history of the Middle East.
Ernest J. Bohn was born in 1901 in Minneapolis, Minnesota. He received his undergraduate degree from the University of Minnesota in 1923 and his M.A. from Columbia University in 1926. He began his professional career as a lecturer at Princeton University before moving to the University of Chicago in 1930. In 1934, he was appointed professor of Near Eastern History at Johns Hopkins University and served in that capacity until his retirement in 1969.
Bohn is best known for his work on the history of the Middle East, which has been praised for its "clear, concise style and comprehensive coverage." His most notable works include The Ottoman Empire, 1517-1922 (1937), which was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for History; The Middle East Since World War II (1961); and A History of the Arab Peoples (1976). He also wrote a number of monographs and articles on various aspects of Middle Eastern history, including Islam in History (1951), The Jews of Islam (1965), and The Politics of Social Change in the Middle East (1969). In 1965, he was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He died on 15 December 1975. | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.075328 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Dummies Theatre'
Dummies Theatre was a Canadian experimental and | Dummies Theatre was a Canadian experimental and avant-garde theatre troupe founded in 1976. The company's productions avoided traditional theatrical conventions and often left audiences confused or amused.
Dummies Theatre was founded in 1976 by four friends who shared an interest in experimental theatre. The company's productions avoided traditional theatrical conventions and often left audiences confused or amused. Dummies Theatre is most well known for its productions of Samuel Beckett's Waiting for Godot and Harold Pinter's The Homecoming. | wiki-intro | 1 | 9.173406 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Antonio Servillo'
Antonio Servillo (born 12 November 1964 in | Antonio Servillo (born 12 November 1964 in Naples, Italy) is an Italian actor, producer and director.
Servillo made his film debut in 1987 in the Italian film Maciste all'inferno. He has since appeared in a number of acclaimed films, including Il furto d'arte (1994), Il viaggio (1996), Il sole nella foresta (1998), L'amore è una cosa seria (2000), La vendetta di Nerone (2004), Un uomo per sempre (2009) and Il giorno delle mani pulite (2013). He also starred in the television series L'Ispettore Coliandro, for which he received a nomination for the TV Award for Best Actor at the 46th Venice International Film Festival.
Servillo has directed several films, including La sposa segreta (2005), L'amore è una cosa seria – sequel (2007), and La vendetta di Nerone – sequel (2014). | wiki-intro | 1 | 16.705624 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Treforest tinplate works'
The Treforest tinplate works in Treforest, Wales, | The Treforest tinplate works in Treforest, Wales, was a major producer of tinplate in the United Kingdom. It was one of the few large-scale industrial plants in Wales, employing around 1,000 people in its heyday. The works closed in 2002.
The Treforest Tinplate Works was a significant British tinplate producer that operated from 1892 until 2002. It was located in Treforest, Wales, and employed around 1,000 people at its peak.
The works produced a wide range of tinplate products, including kitchenware, tableware, and metal food cans. The plant was also responsible for the production of British military tinplate during World War II.
The Treforest Tinplate Works closed in 2002 due to the increasing popularity of stainless steel food cans and other alternative materials. The site is currently being redeveloped as part of the Welsh Government's 'Treforest Enterprise Zone'. | wiki-intro | 1 | 10.29992 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Guy-Crescent Fagon'
Guy-Crescent Fagon (11 May 1638 – 11 | Guy-Crescent Fagon (11 May 1638 – 11 January 1712) was a French composer and organist.
Guy-Crescent Fagon was born in Paris on May 11, 1638. He began his musical training at the age of eight with François d'Orléans, the future Regent of France. He later studied with the celebrated organist and composer Jean-Baptiste Lully.
Fagon's first major appointment was as organist and music director of the Church of Saint-Germain-l'Auxerrois, which served as the royal chapel. In 1668, he became the chapel master at the Palace of Versailles, where he remained until his death.
Fagon composed primarily sacred music, including masses, motets, and madrigals. His most famous work is the Stabat Mater (Stabat Mater), a setting of the Passion lyrics attributed to St. John of Matha. The work has been performed by many notable performers, including Claudio Monteverdi and Johann Sebastian Bach.
Guy-Crescent Fagon died in Paris on January 11, 1712. He was buried in the Church of Saint-Germain-l'Auxerrois. | wiki-intro | 1 | 9.519149 | [
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Why are some berries poisonous? Plants grow berries for seed distribution, but why would some plants have toxic berries limiting the amount of animals that could eat and distribute the seed? Explain like I' m five. | While poison affects not every organism equally, plants did develop some poisons to avoid being eaten. However, if you look at the great multitude of so-called secondary metabolites, most of them are poisonous to either viruses, bacteria, fungi or other microorganisms, or insects, or even other plants. Plant evolution just hasn't had time to adapt to humans. So, if some substance from plants is a poison to us, it's accidentally so, and the target was another organism. Examples: nicotine is first and foremost an insecticide, nematistat, and herbicide; aconitine, atropine, caffeine are insecticides; many essential oils (causing allergies in human) are antimicrobial and so on. This has also to do with the fact that nerve cell physiology has not much changed since they developed in the first multi-celled animals, and poisons for insect nerves have at least some effect on human nerves. I copied and pasted this from another forum and this is the best answer I found. Just a placeholder until somebody more knowledgeable comes along: I think most berries are not poisonous for birds, which are the main distributors of seeds. I think quite often the poison is in the seed, which birds ca n’ t crack. So the bird swallows the whole berry+ seed and poops out the seed at some point. One example which comes to mind is the European Yew where pretty much all parts are poisonous, except for the flesh of the berry. U mean like boysen berry being boysonous? | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 0 | 41.820244 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Eleutherodactylus tetajulia'
Eleutherodactylus tetajulia is a species of frog | Eleutherodactylus tetajulia is a species of frog in the family Eleutherodactylidae. It is endemic to southeastern Cuba and is known from the Sierra de Cristal, Monte Iberia, Tetas de Julia, and Meseta del Toldo in the Holguín and Guantánamo Provinces. The specific name tetajulia refers to Las Tetas de Julia (=the breasts of Julia), a pair of prominent peaks on Monte Iberia, near the type locality of this species. Description
Three adult males in the type series measure and two adult females in snout–vent length. The head is as wide as the body, The snout is subacuminate. The tympanum is round and dorsally concealed by the supra-tympanic fold. The fingers and the toes have weak lateral ridges. Skin is dorsally weakly rugose and ventrally smooth. The dorsal ground color is coppery brown. There is a dark brown middorsal hour glass-shaped marking, narrow, black interocular bar, dark brown horseshoe-shaped sacral marking, and black supra-tympanic and groin bars. The venter is purple with white marking. | wiki-intro | 0 | 34.166878 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'One FM 94.0'
One FM 94.0 in Cape Town, South | One FM 94.0 in Cape Town, South Africa, is a popular radio station that plays music from the 1980s to the present. It is also known for its talk shows, which are some of the most popular in the country. | wiki-intro | 1 | 8.367414 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Isca Augusta'
Isca, variously specified as Isca Augusta or | Isca, variously specified as Isca Augusta or Isca Silurum, was the site of a Roman legionary fortress and settlement or vicus, the remains of which lie beneath parts of the present-day suburban village of Caerleon in the north of the city of Newport in South Wales. The site includes Caerleon Amphitheatre and is protected by Cadw. Headquarters of the Legion "II Augusta", which took part in the invasion under Emperor Claudius in 43, Isca is uniquely important for the study of the conquest, pacification and colonisation of Britannia by the Roman army. It was one of only three permanent legionary fortresses in later Roman Britain and, unlike the other sites at Chester and York, its archaeological remains lie relatively undisturbed beneath fields and the town of Caerleon and provide a unique opportunity to study the Roman legions in Britain. Excavations continue to unearth new discoveries; in the late 20th century a complex of very large monumental buildings outside the fortress between the River Usk and the amphitheatre was uncovered. This new area of the canabae was previously unknown. | wiki-intro | 0 | 31.024027 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Giovanni Paolo Oliva'
Giovanni Paolo Oliva (4 October 1600 – | Giovanni Paolo Oliva (4 October 1600 – 3 May 1682) was an Italian composer and organist.
Oliva was born at Pieve di Cento, in the province of Arezzo, Tuscany. His father, Giovanni Paolo Oliva, was a notary, and his mother Caterina Martelli was the daughter of a minor nobleman. At the age of ten, Giovanni Paolo was sent to Florence to study music with Antonio Cappello. He later went to Rome to study with Claudio Monteverdi.
After Monteverdi's death in 1643, Oliva became the pre-eminent composer of opera in Rome. He composed more than thirty operas and over one hundred cantatas, as well as other works for the stage. He also worked as an organist and composer of sacred music.
Oliva died in Rome at the age of seventy-five. He is buried in the Basilica of Santi Petri e Pauli. | wiki-intro | 1 | 8.747047 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Bebiankh'
Seuserenre Bebiankh was a native ancient Egyptian | Seuserenre Bebiankh was a native ancient Egyptian king of the 16th Theban Dynasty during the Second Intermediate Period and, according to Kim Ryholt, the successor of king Semenre. He is assigned a reign of 12 years in the Turin Canon (11.8).
Bebiankh was succeeded either by a poorly known king named Sekhemre Shedwast or by the equally shadowy ruler Seneferankhre Pepi III. Attestations
Bebiankh is principally known by a stela found at Gebel Zeit that attests to mining activity conducted in this area by the Red Sea during his reign and preserves his royal names Seuserenre and Bebiankh. The modest stela records this king's activities in the Gebel Zeit galena mines. He is also known to have built an extension to the Temple of Medamud. Bebiankh's nomen was also found on a bronze dagger found in Naqada and now in the British Museum, under the catalog number BM EA 66062. | wiki-intro | 0 | 99.293358 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Carolina Crespi'
Carolina Crespi (c. 1790 – after 1842), | Carolina Crespi (c. 1790 – after 1842), later known as Carolina Crespi-Bianchi and Carolina Bianchi, was an Italian soprano active on the opera stages of Paris and Northern Italy from 1803 to 1820. She was born in Prague, the daughter of the soprano Luigia Prosperi-Crespi (1770–1824). Crespi was married to the tenor Eliodoro Bianchi and appeared with him in three world premieres at La Scala. Life and career
Crespi was born in Prague, where her mother, Luigia Prosperi-Crespi, was singing with Domenico Guardasoni's opera troupe. In her childhood, she travelled around Europe with her mother, a prominent Italian soprano who sang in some of the earliest performances of Mozart's Don Giovanni. She first appeared on the stage in Barcelona in 1800, singing the child role of Elamir in Salieri's Axur, re d'Ormus with her mother singing the role of Atar. She began appearing in adult roles in Italy in 1803 at the Teatro d'Angennes in Turin and in 1804 with her mother at the Teatro de' Quattro Compadroni in Pavia. | wiki-intro | 0 | 27.690603 | [
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