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c0a813a12e52f7a40808830caebbd523 | Is injection used to treat retinopathy of prematurity? | A newer way to treat ROP is to put an anti-cancer drug into each eye. Bevacizumab ( Avastin) blocks new growth of blood vessels in tumors, and it can do the same in eyes. This treatment is promising, but more research is needed to make sure there aren't long-term side effects. It's also unclear whether the ROP may come back over time. |
8ff175dbed020d431432fe49f9aefc4d | What are the stages of retinopathy of prematurity? | Stage 1 is the mildest form of ROP. Babies at this stage or stage 2 often don't need any treatment and will have normal vision. Babies with stage 3 have more blood vessels that are abnormal. These may be large or twisted, which means the retina could start to come loose. At stage 4, the retina is starting to move from its normal place. And at stage 5, the retina has come off, and severe vision problems or even blindness is likely. |
67a20e2fd37059e334a7af274c9b4094 | Is surgery necessary to treat retinopathy of prematurity? | If the retina is detached, your child's doctor may need to do a more complex surgery: Scleral buckling. |
e0fd82998dd3d70618a9522d6e6855bb | Do children with retinopathy of prematurity have eye problems later in life? | Surgery often stops the disease from getting worse and prevents vision loss. But as many as 25% of all babies who have surgery for ROP do lose some or all of their vision. Because all children with ROP are at higher risk of eye problems later in life, your child should follow up with his eye doctor every year until he's an adult. |
951b8caa3b8432db3976abec9ad4b0ef | How does Baclofen treat spasticity? | Normally, your muscles get electrical signals from your nerves that tell them when to tense and relax. Spasticity happens when these signals become uneven, usually because the nerves have been damaged. This makes muscles tense up or move when you don't want them to. Baclofen works by restoring the normal signals. It can help you move your muscles more normally. |
b5c243109732267439b1b0ec380d0418 | What are the risks of intrathecal Baclofen surgery? | They include: A bad reaction to anesthesia Infection Bleeding Trouble with bladder control Pump malfunction: If the pump stops working (this is rare), it may give you too much medicine at once. That can cause symptoms such as drowsiness, dizziness, weakness, trouble sleeping, lightheadedness, nausea, constipation, vomiting, loose muscles, trouble with vision, coma, respiratory depression, seizures, dry mouth, double vision, poor concentration, or diarrhea. If this happens, go to the nearest emergency room right away. A doctor can give you a drug called physostigmine to counteract baclofen. Kinked catheter: If the catheter stops working well, you may need surgery to replace it. |
f041503060db095618b67acedcfd8d49 | What is Baclofen? | Baclofen ( Gablofen, Lioresal) is a medication that treats stiff muscles and spasms, a condition called spasticity, that can happen to people with multiple sclerosis ( MS) and other nerve diseases. |
e7887dbaeceececb58d5b65065977a1b | For individuals with the intrathecal Baclofen pump, how often must they go back to the doctor's office for pump refills? | People with the pump must go back to their doctor's office for pump refills and medication adjustments, typically every 1 to 3 months. At the end of the battery's life span (usually 5 to 7 years), your doctor will remove and replace the system. |
e4edff679eb91fc04eb1f6cef358eb51 | How do I know if the Baclofen pump system is right for me? | If your treatment team recommends the baclofen pump system, you'll try it out to see how well it works. Your doctor will inject baclofen into your spine with a small needle. Then the team checks how well it works over 2 to 4 hours. If your muscles don't relax during the first try, you may get a larger dose to see if that makes a difference. If it works, you can decide with your doctor and family members if you should have a baclofen pump system implanted. |
c5cc7cbae5278eb5683801cf3d637408 | What are the risks of implanting the baclofen for multiple sclerosis? | They include: A bad reaction to anesthesia Infection Bleeding Trouble with bladder control Pump malfunction: If the pump stops working (this is rare), it may give you too much medicine at once. |
7da0867d84e8f96c854e9d10fd5a68ac | How do I know if the baclofen pump system is right for my multiple sclerosis? | If your treatment team recommends the baclofen pump system, you'll try it out to see how well it works. Your doctor will inject baclofen into your spine with a small needle. Then the team checks how well it works over 2 to 4 hours. If your muscles don't relax during the first try, you may get a larger dose to see if that makes a difference. If it works, you can decide with your doctor and family members if you should have a baclofen pump system implanted. |
c67b6c4f8a39f39ad40439c0f4ca04ce | How is baclofen used to treat multiple sclerosis? | Baclofen ( Gablofen, Lioresal) is a medication that treats stiff muscles and spasms, a condition called spasticity, that can happen to people with multiple sclerosis ( MS) and other nerve diseases. Normally, your muscles get electrical signals from your nerves that tell them when to tense and relax. Spasticity happens when these signals become uneven, usually because the nerves have been damaged. This makes muscles tense up or move when you don't want them to. Baclofen works by restoring the normal signals. It can help you move your muscles more normally. |
a53df523ce59077a87fa2ba73f646568 | What are the side effects of baclofen for multiple sclerosis? | Side effects may include: Dizziness Drowsiness Headaches Nausea Weakness You can take baclofen as a pill or get it directly into an area of your spine called the intrathecal space. |
a6c9d2d1fe09e3e13a2c5c9f6d287c15 | What is intrathecal baclofen for multiple sclerosis? | This type of treatment, called intrathecal baclofen ( ITB), can help people who have a hard time with side effects of the pill form. It delivers the drug right to the spinal cord, so it doesn't circulate throughout the body first. You need only tiny doses for the drug to work. This keeps side effects to a minimum. |
30fe5ce1118f7f7a442cf078794dc82f | Who should get intrathecal Baclofen? | You need only tiny doses for the drug to work. Before you get ITB, you will meet with a treatment team that may include a doctor who specializes in rehabilitation (a physiatrist or neurologist), a physical therapist, an occupational therapist, a nurse, and a social worker. All of these professionals work together to check your spasticity symptoms and to set a treatment plan that fits your personal needs. Many doctors who specialize in pain management, called anesthesiologists, also manage ITB pumps. If it works, you can decide with your doctor and family members if you should have a baclofen pump system implanted. |
ff5b085b1e8d1f2a9d969cb57092d333 | Who should get an intrathecal baclofen for multiple sclerosis? | You need only tiny doses for the drug to work. If it works, you can decide with your doctor and family members if you should have a baclofen pump system implanted. |
9d66f52115510fc49e45ea41b7a0f9ac | What is the intrathecal baclofen pump system for multiple sclerosis? | This part of your body is filled with the fluid that surrounds your spinal cord and nerve roots. A surgeon puts the device -- a round metal disc, about 1 inch thick and 3 inches around -- under the skin of your belly near your waistline. The pump stores and releases the right amount of medicine through the catheter. A tiny motor moves the medication from the pump through the catheter. Your treatment team can use a small computer outside your body to send messages to the pump and make adjustments in the dose, rate, and timing of the medication. You can also turn the system off when you don't need it. |
45fb0d82dd107cfa4cf28d820d88d531 | Are all ADHD treatments for children the same? | That's because treatment for ADHD is personalized. Kids have different symptoms, and treatment depends on what a child needs. |
a43b3181ed40fb8b5b683e1be2262fe7 | What stimulant medications do doctors use to begin treatment for children with ADHD? | Often, treatment starts with a drug such as: Amphetamine ( Adderall, Adderall XR, Adzenys XR- ODT) Dexmethylphenidate ( Focalin, Focalin XR) Lisdexamfetamine ( Vyvanse) Methylphenidate ( Concerta, Daytrana, Jornay, or Ritalin) These medications come in different forms: Short-acting (immediate-release). |
742dda048f400658213dd14b2fddb052 | What medication do doctors typically try first for ADHD in children? | They're often helpful for children and teens who have a hard time at school, work, or home. |
96cce2021f21411e7a250fa8af616d2f | What form and dosage of stimulant medication should my child take for ADHD? | Kids have different symptoms, and treatment depends on what a child needs. |
743ebc6cbe593acb0a956d7eb7e85f6a | Do ADHD medications cause side effects? | Many medications that treat ADHD have side effects. Make sure you know what to expect and what to look for before your child starts a medicine. Watch for unusual behavior changes while your child is on any medicine, and report them to your doctor. Also let him know if a medicine isn't working or if it's causing side effects. |
21f0e76f0b4cb46fe32d27728827d6f5 | How is atomoxetine (Strattera) used to treat ADHD? | ): Atomoxetine ( Strattera) Clonidine hydrochloride ER ( Kapvay) Guanfacine ( Intuniv) ER Atomoxetine ( Strattera) was the first nonstimulant medication approved by the FDA. It's for kids ages 6 and older. It works by increasing the amount of the chemical norepinephrine in the brain. This helps lessen ADHD symptoms such as hyperactivity and impulsive behavior. |
938e3755be9dd9fcd896319ac9180a9c | Does venlafaxine (Effexor) help children with ADHD? | In its extended-release form, this drug can be used for children with ADHD and mood or anxiety issues. |
8e6faa6de5e93c86864a4adbe6b91131 | What are the treatment options for children with ADHD? | The options include: A single medicine A combination of different types of medicine (adjunctive therapy) Medicine plus behavioral therapy Your doctor might try different treatments to find what works best for your child. |
ddbf6d446786b7920b61013717785df9 | If my child already takes a MAO inhibitor antidepressant, can they still add antidepressant medication for treatment of ADHD? | Children who already take a MAO inhibitor antidepressant shouldn't take these medications. |
4907cd0cf0d2d3476ede71a3c6db0554 | What nonstimulant drugs are approved to treat ADHD in children? | ( All three can be used as adjunctive therapy, along with a stimulant. ): Atomoxetine ( Strattera) Clonidine hydrochloride ER ( Kapvay) Guanfacine ( Intuniv) ER Atomoxetine ( Strattera) was the first nonstimulant medication approved by the FDA. |
0099ed85777dbe2f1a8f60f8fab1d78a | Do imipramine (tofranil) and nortriptyline (pamelor) help children with ADHD? | Imipramine ( Tofranil)and nortriptyline ( Pamelor) are two others. These are called tricyclic antidepressants, and they affect the neurotransmitters in your brain. They've been around for a while but are used less often due to their side effects. |
d5478f952c04df572dc396dac8f5cf33 | How are clonidine and guanfacine used to treat ADHD? | Clonidine and guanfacine were originally made to treat high blood pressure. But they affect certain chemical receptors in the brain and can help improve: Memory Attention Impulse control Hyperactivity Agitation Aggression They're long-acting extended-release drugs and can last for 12 to 24 hours. |
83d9089c4dbb1468b0e59ea1387f46ae | Which nonstimulant drugs are able to be taken in combination with stimulant drugs for ADHD? | ): Atomoxetine ( Strattera) Clonidine hydrochloride ER ( Kapvay) Guanfacine ( Intuniv) ER Atomoxetine ( Strattera) was the first nonstimulant medication approved by the FDA. Studies show that when taken with a stimulant, they can help the treatment work better. |
9b1d51794dedf78946a05d722b36af60 | Does bupropion (Wellbutrin) help children with ADHD? | These medications can improve concentration and impulse control. In its extended-release form, this drug can be used for children with ADHD and mood or anxiety issues. |
c66a6f44f894c98b8461994dadf541b0 | What children should not take stimulant drugs for ADHD? | Make sure the doctor knows his complete medical and family history before he prescribes him anything. Children who already take a MAO inhibitor antidepressant shouldn't take these medications. |
a8329af8265cea29ea325d157399d02e | What are warning signs of suicide in people with depression? | Talking about committing suicide Always talking or thinking about death Making comments about being hopeless, helpless, or worthless Saying things like " It would be better if I wasn't here" or " I want out" Depression (deep sadness, loss of interest, trouble sleeping and eating) that gets worse A sudden switch from being very sad to being very calm or appearing to be happy Having a "death wish," tempting fate by taking risks that could lead to death, like driving recklessly Losing interest in things one used to care about Visiting or calling people one cares about Putting affairs in order, tying up loose ends, changing a will |
0c1815d64d25b9496bf8640cdf3c18c3 | Will ADHD medication affect my child's growth? | Whether ADHD drugs affect children's growth depends on which study you look at. Many studies have been done on the subject over the years, and there is a lot of disagreement among them. Overall, there is some evidence that ADHD drugs can interfere with growth in children, but that effect seems to be short-lived in most kids. |
a7b71c1b98b867c29175328428fcb410 | When did researchers first come across ADHD medication affecting children's growth? | Researchers first made the connection between ADHD drugs and children's growth back in the early 1970s. That's when a small study showed that children who were on moderate-to-high daily doses of stimulant drugs gained less weight and height than children who weren't taking ADHD medications. When kids in the study went on a "drug holiday" -- that is, they stopped taking the ADHD drugs over the summer -- they gained about twice as much weight as the group that continued to take ADHD medications year-round. |
d520f81b4a4acd439c101f6ec1717b19 | Should I switch my child's ADHD medications due to growth concerns? | Before you panic and switch your child's medication, know that the slowed growth doesn't seem to be permanent. The biggest impact on growth appears to be in the first year of taking the medications. After that, the impact starts to decline. Eventually, kids on ADHD medications go into a "growth spurt" and catch up to their peers in height and weight. A study that followed children with ADHD for 10 years into adulthood found that the kids who'd been taking stimulants ended up no shorter -- or thinner -- than peers without ADHD once they were adults. |
ecdc64df23a5b849fff3e8aba152ab16 | What can I do to keep ADHD medication from affecting my child's growth? | While your child is taking ADHD medications, the doctor should keep careful track of his or her growth. You might need to adjust your child's diet, adding more energy-dense, nutritious foods and snacks to balance out any weight loss that's occurring. In severe cases, medications that increase the appetite may be used for a short period of time. |
e105c5be6caf69c53c4fbe29ccc47106 | What does research suggest regarding the effect of ADHD medications on a child's growth? | Researchers first made the connection between ADHD drugs and children's growth back in the early 1970s. That's when a small study showed that children who were on moderate-to-high daily doses of stimulant drugs gained less weight and height than children who weren't taking ADHD medications. When kids in the study went on a "drug holiday" -- that is, they stopped taking the ADHD drugs over the summer -- they gained about twice as much weight as the group that continued to take ADHD medications year-round. The early studies on ADHD medications and children's growth lasted only a few months, making it difficult to determine whether the growth lag would be permanent. Findings from some studies with longer follow-up periods have been inconsistent, but suggest that differences in growth narrow over treatment time. |
4b24cb66902b637b7e60046eaca82a1b | Do experts agree of the effects of ADHD medications on a child's growth? | One of the most talked about -- and controversial -- effects of these medications is on children's growth. Some researchers have suggested that it's not the drugs, but the ADHD itself that affects children's growth. The early studies on ADHD medications and children's growth lasted only a few months, making it difficult to determine whether the growth lag would be permanent. |
35b58e7f1c2ddd6f2f13e28b1b91f952 | How can ADHD medications affect your child? | One of the most talked about -- and controversial -- effects of these medications is on children's growth. After a few studies found that kids taking ADHD medications don't grow as tall as their peers, many parents began to worry that the same drugs that were helping their kids focus were also stunting their growth. It's natural to worry about your child's size. But before you switch or stop ADHD medications, it's important for you to know what the research has shown about the effects of these medications on children's growth. One study showed that children with ADHD who aren't taking stimulant drugs are actually bigger than kids without ADHD. Researchers first made the connection between ADHD drugs and children's growth back in the early 1970s. |
9c645e8293e99fac71a82200df223b33 | How do I know if ADHD medication is affecting my child's growth and what should I do? | Researchers have a few theories about how ADHD drugs might affect a child's size. If your child is taking ADHD medication and is benefiting from the drugs, the improvement in behavior may outweigh any short-term effects on growth. That's something you need to discuss with your pediatrician or psychiatrist. |
65d2de91ffc5552010d0d83465a478cc | What should parents do to lessen the effects of ADHD medications on child growth? | Researchers have a few theories about how ADHD drugs might affect a child's size. If your child is taking ADHD medication and is benefiting from the drugs, the improvement in behavior may outweigh any short-term effects on growth. That's something you need to discuss with your pediatrician or psychiatrist. While your child is taking ADHD medications, the doctor should keep careful track of his or her growth. You might need to adjust your child's diet, adding more energy-dense, nutritious foods and snacks to balance out any weight loss that's occurring. In severe cases, medications that increase the appetite may be used for a short period of time. |
b20e2d82b53e78eb20011e67109bdf08 | How does ADHD medication affect children's growth? | Stimulant medications are one of the main treatments for children with ADHD. After a few studies found that kids taking ADHD medications don't grow as tall as their peers, many parents began to worry that the same drugs that were helping their kids focus were also stunting their growth. It's natural to worry about your child's size. Another theory is that ADHD medicine targets metabolic or growth factors that could affect a child's growth. |
f3fb65c1b74fb284c028cd833e66e4c0 | What other types of biologics can your doctor give you for your rheumatoid arthritis (RA)? | These include: Adalimumab ( Humira) Adalimumab-atto ( Amjevita), a biosimilar to Humira Certolizumab ( Cimzia) Etanercept ( Enbrel) Golimumab ( Simponi) Infliximab ( Inflectra, Remicade) Infliximab-abda ( Renflexis), a biosimilar to Remicade Infliximab-dyyb ( Inflectra), a biosimilar to Remicade If the first anti- TNF you try doesn't work for you, your doctor will most likely try another one. If you still don't get relief, he may switch you to another type of biologic. These include: Abatacept ( Orencia), which blocks the immune system's T cells to lower inflammation Anakinra ( Kineret), which targets interleukin-1, a chemical your body makes that causes inflammation. Your doctor will call this type of drug an " IL-1 blocker." Rituximab ( Rituxan), which targets certain B cells, which are part of your immune system Tocilizumab ( Actemra), which targets IL-6, a chemical your body makes that causes inflammation. Your doctor will call this type of drug an " IL-6 blocker." |
134bf6729ac19a311a0aa6707a001428 | What are usual biologic drugs used to treat rheumatoid arthritis? | When your doctor first prescribes you a biologic, it's usually an "anti- TNF" drug. These include: Adalimumab ( Humira) Adalimumab-atto ( Amjevita), a biosimilar to Humira Certolizumab ( Cimzia) Etanercept ( Enbrel) Golimumab ( Simponi) Infliximab ( Inflectra, Remicade) Infliximab-abda ( Renflexis), a biosimilar to Remicade Infliximab-dyyb ( Inflectra), a biosimilar to Remicade If the first anti- TNF you try doesn't work for you, your doctor will most likely try another one. |
2ee71a940478e3c16c7e3525e401abe4 | Do some people get more help from biologics than other people? | Some people get more help from biologics than others. Experts can't predict who'll respond well and who won't. |
2efd12c6e9977804356f232da6ac5c79 | What are the next steps when biologic drugs don't help your rheumatoid arthritis (RA)? | And when you do, it may ease your symptoms or cause them to fade completely. You should start to feel better in 4 to 6 weeks, though sometimes it can take 3 to 6 months to work. Your doctor may also prescribe other medicines that work faster to help you in the meantime. But if your symptoms don't improve, let your doctor know. The goal is to find the best medicines for you as quickly as possible. Timely treatment helps protect your body from RA damage. |
ef747d80ce7ae44b3e8ddafdd877d199 | What types of biologic drugs are used to treat rheumatoid arthritis if initial biologic drugs don't work? | These include: Adalimumab ( Humira) Adalimumab-atto ( Amjevita), a biosimilar to Humira Certolizumab ( Cimzia) Etanercept ( Enbrel) Golimumab ( Simponi) Infliximab ( Inflectra, Remicade) Infliximab-abda ( Renflexis), a biosimilar to Remicade Infliximab-dyyb ( Inflectra), a biosimilar to Remicade If the first anti- TNF you try doesn't work for you, your doctor will most likely try another one. If you still don't get relief, he may switch you to another type of biologic. These include: Abatacept ( Orencia), which blocks the immune system's T cells to lower inflammation Anakinra ( Kineret), which targets interleukin-1, a chemical your body makes that causes inflammation. |
690c97a48dc5f629af29702ace120b28 | What biologics do doctors prescribe to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA)? | When your doctor first prescribes you a biologic, it's usually an "anti- TNF" drug. These include: Adalimumab ( Humira) Adalimumab-atto ( Amjevita), a biosimilar to Humira Certolizumab ( Cimzia) Etanercept ( Enbrel) Golimumab ( Simponi) Infliximab ( Inflectra, Remicade) Infliximab-abda ( Renflexis), a biosimilar to Remicade Infliximab-dyyb ( Inflectra), a biosimilar to Remicade If the first anti- TNF you try doesn't work for you, your doctor will most likely try another one. |
78d18fbfd141abf972f9d2a9af1c9d4a | Why do biologic drugs seem to work for a while then become ineffective? | Sometimes, biologic drugs will help you for a while and then don't work as well. It's not clear why. If it happens to you, tell your doctor. He'll probably switch you to another biologic or add another type of RA drug, like methotrexate or sulfasalazine, so your treatment works better. |
f49e7becfd4ee3590e49c66f5d4a565d | What should I do if my biologic treatment doesnât help my rheumatoid arthritis? | It may take some trial and error to find the biologic drug that works best for your rheumatoid arthritis ( RA), but there's a good reason to keep at it. Most folks eventually find one that helps. And when you do, it may ease your symptoms or cause them to fade completely. You should start to feel better in 4 to 6 weeks, though sometimes it can take 3 to 6 months to work. Your doctor may also prescribe other medicines that work faster to help you in the meantime. But if your symptoms don't improve, let your doctor know. The goal is to find the best medicines for you as quickly as possible. Timely treatment helps protect your body from RA damage. |
919ee14cf94e1c2af579b69c1ef5bff5 | Do biologics work best if you take them on a regular schedule? | Your doctor may also prescribe other medicines that work faster to help you in the meantime. If it happens to you, tell your doctor. |
07a9474bd24b3cbb3353b6209c8aa221 | Why do some biologics work for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and others don't? | But if your symptoms don't improve, let your doctor know. The goal is to find the best medicines for you as quickly as possible. He'll probably switch you to another biologic or add another type of RA drug, like methotrexate or sulfasalazine, so your treatment works better. Some people get more help from biologics than others. Experts can't predict who'll respond well and who won't. But they know that people who get treatment in the earlier stages of RA tend to do better than those who've had the disease for many years. Biologics also work best if you take them on a regular schedule. If you can't do that due to side effects or the cost of the drugs, ask your doctor about your options. |
d2370fefeb6ed7350e310e9e70250eca | What questions might my pediatrician ask during my child's 15-month checkup? | Your baby has now entered the toddler years, and you're in for quite a ride! How's your child's appetite? Is she eating a variety of foods? Does she use her fingers to feed herself? Is she using a bottle? How many hours is your child sleeping, including naps? |
5cc2fd08c62b1f48a9093ab0b9315ea3 | What should I expect from my baby's 15-month checkup? | Your baby has now entered the toddler years, and you're in for quite a ride! By now, she may be walking, throwing, exploring everything, and expressing feelings -- including anger. This is a good time to talk to your pediatrician about safety, behavior, and discipline. Weigh and measure your child Perform a physical exam of your child Give your child another dose of the diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis ( DTa P) vaccine, Hib vaccine, or pneumococcal vaccine, and in the fall or winter, a flu shot Depending on the schedule being followed, the measles and chicken pox vaccines may also be given at this time Catch up on any other vaccines that have been missed As your child starts going on outings or to daycare, she will be exposed to many illnesses. |
70a72bc4091430d7558967dc22aebf87 | What are some healthy feeding tips for my 15-month-old child? | Your baby has now entered the toddler years, and you're in for quite a ride! How can I encourage my child to try different foods? Keep offering new foods. If your child doesn't like a food one week, she may love it the next. It takes many times for a child to like some foods, so don't give up! Small children like to imitate their parents. If your child sees you eating a variety of foods, she may do the same. Stick to mostly unprocessed foods such as fruits and vegetables. These provide great nutrition for your baby's growing brain and body. Whole grains are also a good source of nutrition. Keep cutting your child's food into small pieces, staying mindful of potential choking hazards. |
ca951c70748ff3bc11c54c80f18714ba | What are the most common causes of proctitis? | Gonorrhea, syphilis, herpes, anal warts, and chlamydia are the most common cause of sexually transmitted proctitis. |
bdb967b8672666bc683ea1365e6dac0c | Where can I find resources for caregivers for multiple sclerosis? | Looking for more information on multiple sclerosis? Family Caregiver Alliance (800) 445-8106 www.caregiver.org Multiple Sclerosis Foundation (954) 776-6805 https://msfocus.org National MS Society (800) 344-4867 www.nationalmssociety.org National Caregivers Library www.caregiverslibrary.org National Alliance for Caregiving (301) 718-8444www.caregiving.org Caregiver Action Network (202) 454-3970www.caregiveraction.org Eldercare Locator (800) 677-1116www.eldercare.gov |
a7fc8429e041e31b421771b92deed00b | Can high cholesterol affect your eyes and skin? | They often form in tendons like the Achilles tendon in the back of your heel. You might also notice them in your hands, elbows, knees, and feet. When xanthomas form on the eyelids, they're called xanthelasmas. Cholesterol can also form deposits around the outside of your cornea -- the clear cover over the front of your eye. This is called corneal arcus, which looks like a silvery blue ring. You can see it as an arc that goes around the outside of your eye, but it won't affect your vision. At your visit your doctor will ask you: What symptoms do you have and when did you first notice them? |
bd009380368e6cbfeb4b68cf5c0f7ec0 | What statins can be used to treat heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH)? | Statins are the main drugs that treat He FH. They block an enzyme your body needs to make cholesterol. Some examples are: Atorvastatin ( Lipitor) Lovastatin ( Mevacor) Pravastatin ( Pravachol) Rosuvastatin ( Crestor) Simvastatin ( Zocor) Other drugs your doctor may suggest to lower cholesterol: Bile acid sequestrants (colesevelam, Welchol) Ezetimibe ( Zetia) Fibrates (fenofibrate, gemfibrozil) Nicotinic acid ( Niaspan, Slo- Niacin) PCSK9 inhibitors To protect your heart and prevent heart disease, you'll need to manage He FH throughout your life. |
1b236d750f998ee0b58e66a5f7b163f4 | Can eating right and exercising help to treat heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH)? | The goal is to lower your cholesterol levels and reduce your risk for heart disease. Part of your treatment will be to make lifestyle changes, such as: Eat a low-fat diet. Avoid foods high in saturated and trans fats, like beef, pork, coconut oil, egg yolks, and whole milk. Instead, eat more veggies, fruits, whole grains, nuts, seafood, lean poultry, and low-fat dairy. Exercise. Walk, bike ride, swim, and do other activities that make your heart pump harder. |
fbad4ef324b6c076e6d9e6acb4284844 | What can narrow blood vessels from heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH) cause? | Narrowed blood vessels can prevent enough blood from reaching your heart. Or a piece of plaque can break off and get stuck in a blood vessel that supplies blood to your heart. If blood flow to your heart gets blocked, parts of your heart muscle can die and you'll have a heart attack. |
685a2f6bda3d575cb6fea22ba32db135 | How do you get heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH)? | If you have He FH, you inherit a faulty gene from one of your parents. If you're a parent yourself and you have the gene, you've got a 50-50 chance of passing it to each of your children. |
007cee93fd4179e47ed098e66f566175 | What can you expect if you have heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH)? | Some examples are: Atorvastatin ( Lipitor) Lovastatin ( Mevacor) Pravastatin ( Pravachol) Rosuvastatin ( Crestor) Simvastatin ( Zocor) Other drugs your doctor may suggest to lower cholesterol: Bile acid sequestrants (colesevelam, Welchol) Ezetimibe ( Zetia) Fibrates (fenofibrate, gemfibrozil) Nicotinic acid ( Niaspan, Slo- Niacin) PCSK9 inhibitors To protect your heart and prevent heart disease, you'll need to manage He FH throughout your life. You'll likely need to keep up a good diet, exercise, and take statins and other drugs to control your cholesterol. Tests can find out if your other family members have He FH. |
df7b9c598ff8fc90fbe8f85b27cd17c3 | What are questions for your doctor regarding heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH)? | Your doctor will also do an exam to look for: Bumps in your knees, elbows, and knuckles Swelling in the back of your ankles Yellow growths on your eyelids White half-circles around the colored part of your eye Which medicines are best for me? Do the medications have side effects? How often should I see you? Do I need to see any other specialists? Which ones? Which foods should I avoid? How much exercise should I do and what types are best? Lose extra weight. |
1a7ea2a2ce66f15bc86b69aadd619baa | How can you prevent diarrhea if you're lactose intolerant? | Lactose may be found in foods you don't expect, including: Calcium-fortified breads Cereals and baked goods Powdered meal replacements Instant potatoes, soups, and breakfast drinks Pancake, biscuit, and cookie mixes Margarine Salad dressings Products labeled ânon-dairy,â like whipped toppings and creamers, which may include milk-derived ingredients If you are lactose intolerant, the best way to avoid symptoms is to read food labels. Steer clear of products with: Whey Curds Milk by-products Nonfat dry milk powder Dry milk solids Lactose also is found in more than 20% of prescription drugs and in some over-the-counter medicines. |
65c11cf225198dd00a13ddd124c4c595 | If you're lactose intolerant, what non-dairy foods can help you get calcium? | They include: Dark, leafy greens and vegetables like broccoli, spinach, and kale Salmon and tuna Beans and legumes Calcium-fortified soy milk and cheeses Almond milk Oranges You may also be able to eat yogurt that has active cultures. |
9d39c279e3824b4267822305d320dfc1 | How do low levels of lactase lead to symptoms of lactose intolerance? | Lactase, an enzyme in the small intestine, breaks down the sugar in dairy products. If your body doesn't make enough lactase, you may get diarrhea and an upset stomach when you eat or drink dairy products. You may have mild, moderate, or severe symptoms, depending on how much lactase your body makes. |
7a4139a49ea6e9936ca928133a53757f | Which foods can lactose be found in besides dairy products? | Lactose may be found in foods you don't expect, including: Calcium-fortified breads Cereals and baked goods Powdered meal replacements Instant potatoes, soups, and breakfast drinks Pancake, biscuit, and cookie mixes Margarine Salad dressings Products labeled ânon-dairy,â like whipped toppings and creamers, which may include milk-derived ingredients If you are lactose intolerant, the best way to avoid symptoms is to read food labels. |
aa374caa9d10d4e3d037ad4c95486335 | If you have lactose intolerance, what are the symptoms if you eat or drink dairy prodcuts? | Lactose intolerance symptoms include: Diarrhea Nausea Bloating Stomach cramps Gas But there are ways to manage lactose intolerance while still getting the nutrition of dairy foods. |
c9b8da1f2b08b67365977b8ff9ab7ec6 | Do medications contain lactose? | Steer clear of products with: Whey Curds Milk by-products Nonfat dry milk powder Dry milk solids Lactose also is found in more than 20% of prescription drugs and in some over-the-counter medicines. Birth control pills may contain lactose. Even things lactose-intolerant people may take for relief, such as tablets to reduce stomach acid and gas, can contain lactose. Ask your doctor or pharmacist if a medicine has lactose before you take it. |
1f8708017fc1e13b7fbe9bb588ca1d6e | Can a a vagus nerve stimulator help treat complex partial seizures? | Devices: A vagus nerve stimulator is like a pacemaker for your brain -- it sends mild electrical pulses to a nerve in your neck. Your doctor might recommend this if other treatments haven't worked for you. |
91cea778b63b08d23d169caaa3bfda3d | Are there foods that can help prevent complex partial seizures? | Changes to your diet: A special diet -- like the high-fat and low-carb ketogenic diet -- may help prevent seizures in some people. |
e26ef44b56c53dbfac64563a9fcfc72d | When should you talk to your doctor about your anxiety and sleep issues? | If your anxiety does not improve after a few weeks, talk to your doctor. You may have an underlying medical problem (such as an overactive thyroid or a sleep disorder) or a treatable psychiatric condition (such as an anxiety disorder) causing you to feel this way. |
1e2e6614f4e869de6553a4dd47611cef | How effective are enemas for the treatment of encopresis? | The phosphate-sodium enema ( Fleet Enema) is probably the most widely used type. Note: Some gastrointestinal specialists discourage the use of enemas and suppositories or any anal intervention because the child associates fear and pain with the anal area. The child may struggle or feel additional trauma when these types of manipulations are performed. Eventually, all impacted stool can be dissolved or disimpacted by using medications taken by mouth. |
6506f63aefd6285360bcda86681a7a30 | What is the outlook for encopresis? | Generally, the outlook for encopresis is excellent for children who undergo the treatment regimen outlined here. Many children who do not undergo treatment are able to resolve the problem on their own as they grow up, but this can take many years. |
7a97c36bf98314df90a107432db5161b | How can you establish bowel movements for your child with encopresis? | Establishing regular soft and painless bowel movements is mostly a matter of retraining the child to give up the habit of retaining stool. This is accomplished by giving laxatives every day to produce soft bowel movements. The laxative must be given in doses large enough to produce one or two soft bowel movements every day. The soft stool will be passed easily and painlessly, encouraging the child to have regular bowel movements rather than holding the stool in. |
20a32330aa0376f1c3858fb5c18f7d73 | How are osmotic laxatives used to treat encopresis? | Osmotic laxatives: These laxatives contain agents that are not efficiently absorbed by the intestinal lining. This results in large amounts of extra water in the intestine, which softens the stool. Since all osmotic laxatives work by increasing the amount of water in the colon, it is important that your child drinks lots of fluid while taking any of these laxatives. Like any medication, these should be given only as recommended by your child's health care provider. If the laxative does not seem to be working, do not increase the dose without talking to your child's health care provider. |
9fa92758d37032224a4a6e0375b0e19b | How is an enema used to treat severe encopresis? | Evacuation can be accomplished in the following ways: Give an enema or series of enemas: An enema pushes fluid into the rectum. This softens the stool in the rectum and creates pressure within the rectum. This pressure gives the child a powerful urge to pass a bowel movement, and the stool is usually expelled rapidly. The fluid in most enemas is water. Something is usually added to keep the water from being absorbed by the intestinal lining. Widely used enemas include commercial sodium phosphate preparations (such as Fleet saline or Pedia- Lax enemas), saline, and mineral oil enemas. Daily enemas for several days may be needed to completely evacuate the colon. |
180c183b3658aee022645eda8de9f2f8 | How does biofeedback work to help with encopresis? | Biofeedback: This technique has been used successfully to teach some children how to best use their abdominal, pelvic, and anal sphincter muscles, which they have so often used to retain stool. |
841a97b9f6f8a19e623f605304619ded | How do laxatives work to treat severe encopresis? | Give strong laxatives: Most laxatives work by increasing the amount of water in the large intestine. Some laxatives cause the lower intestine to secrete water and others work by decreasing the amount of water absorbed in the lower intestine. In either case, the end result is much more water in the lower intestine when using laxatives than when not using them. This large amount of water softens formed or hard stool in the intestine and produces diarrhea. Laxatives used for this purpose include magnesium citrate, Miralax, Go LYTELY, and COLYTE products. Treatment for several days may be needed to completely evacuate the colon. |
4ed9519e8b17481326cecdff5fcc2742 | How do stimulant laxatives work to help with encopresis? | Stimulant laxatives: These agents have direct actions on the lining of the intestinal wall. They increase water and salt secretion into the colon and irritate the intestinal lining to produce contractions. |
dd19a686967e9087b73231b3385e329b | How is encopresis treated at home? | Although parents will be following a regimen recommended by the child's health care provider, most of the work of treating encopresis is done at home. It is very important that parents and other caregivers keep a complete record of the child's medication use and bowel movements during the treatment period. This record can be very helpful in determining whether the treatment is working. |
488d721ba3c8b89712eb02caa7060af8 | What are the symptoms of encopresis? | Children with encopresis are no more likely than other children to have major behavioral or emotional problems. More than 80% of children with encopresis have experienced constipation or painful defecation in the past. In many cases, constipation or pain occurred years before the encopresis is brought to a doctor's attention. Most children with encopresis say they have no urge to pass a bowel movement before they soil their underwear. Soiling episodes usually occur during the day, while the child is awake and active. Many school age children soil late in the afternoon after returning home from school. Soiling at night is uncommon. In many children with encopresis, the colon has become stretched out of shape, so they may intermittently pass extremely large bowel movements. |
c8da5d45953b701b60c6afd0ac6d9ea9 | What is the follow-up care for encopresis like? | The extent of follow-up needed for encopresis varies by situation. Your child's health care provider will probably want to see him at least once after treatment is well under way to ensure that the treatment is working or to alter treatment if necessary. |
5c32c65ddd04a93694026ec64b6591ab | What are the principles for treating encopresis? | Although many different regimens have been developed for the treatment of encopresis, most rely on the following principles: Empty the colon of stool Establish regular soft and painless bowel movements Maintain very regular bowel habits While there is almost always a large behavioral component to chronic encopresis, behavioral therapy alone, such as offering rewards or reasoning with the child, usually is not effective. |
2ffe872c9f521fad7d48cbdecb17aa91 | When should you see a doctor about encopresis? | Any of the following warrants a visit to your child's primary care provider: Severe, persistent, or recurrent constipation Pain during bowel movements Reluctance to have bowel movements, including straining to hold stool in Soiling in a child who is at least 4 years old To diagnose enopresis, your child's health care provider will ask many questions about his medical history, toilet training history, diet, lifestyle, habits, medications, and behavior. |
6f763140cb55230103bfd5b23e206a7e | How is an anorectal manometry used to diagnose encopresis? | With this test, a small tube is inserted into the child's rectum. The tube has several pressure sensors in it. During the test, the doctor can determine how the child is using his or her abdominal, pelvic, and anal muscles during defecation. Many children who have chronic constipation and/or encopresis do not use their muscles in a coordinated fashion during bowel movements. The main objective of manometry is to confirm increased pressure within the anus. Manometry can also show whether the nerves controlling the anal sphincter, anus, and rectum are present and working by measuring reflexes in this area. Manometry can measure how far the rectum is distended and whether sensation in this area is normal. Abnormal contractions of the muscles in the pelvic floor can be documented by using manometry. |
7bbe2599f9526d2e17993610a9bdfb48 | How long does it take to treat encopresis? | The duration of encopresis treatment varies from child to child. Treatment should continue until the child has developed regular and reliable bowel habits and has broken the habit of holding back his or her stool. This usually takes at least several months. Generally, it takes longer in younger children than in older children. |
b69cb1d0fbddf38414937dc9f479c3f2 | How can encopresis affect a child? | Over time, the child with encopresis may also develop incoordination of the muscles used to pass bowel movements. In many children, the anal sphincter contracts rather than relaxes when they are trying to push out bowel movements. This disturbed coordination of muscle function, which causes fecal retention, is a key to the diagnosis and is also called anismus or paradoxic contraction of the pelvic floor to defecation. |
6f095d602812de495fb586fa1aed5bd3 | What causes constipation related to encopresis? | Some experts believe children become constipated when they do not eat enough fiber, available in fruits, vegetables, and whole grain foods. Many doctors think that some children become constipated because they do not drink enough water. |
f5cde5be007b4144e70c0a06cad6303d | What should parents expect from encopresis? | Encopresis is a very frustrating condition for parents. Many parents become angry at the repeated need to bathe the dirty child and to clean or discard soiled underwear. Many parents assume the soiling is the result of the child being lazy or that the child is soiling intentionally. In most cases, this is not the case. Children with encopresis are no more likely than other children to have major behavioral or emotional problems. |
5052679fe5e05c0645f3c46607927c25 | What is encopresis like? | As the colon stretches more and more, the child loses the natural urge to pass a bowel movement. Eventually, looser, partly formed stool from higher up in the intestine leaks around the large collection of harder, more formed stool at the bottom of the colon (rectum) and then leaks out of the anus (the opening from the rectum to the outside of the body). Often in the beginning, only small amounts of stool leak out, producing streaks in the child's underwear. Typically, parents assume the child isn't wiping very well after passing a bowel movement and aren't concerned. As time goes on, the child is less and less able to hold the stool in-more and more stool leaks, and eventually the child passes entire bowel movements into his or her underwear. Often the child is not aware that he or she has passed a bowel movement. Because the stool is not passing normally through the colon, it often becomes very dark and sticky and may have a very foul smell. |
650a4fea19838faa592076b608518db6 | When should you see a specialist for encopresis? | Most cases of encopresis respond to the treatment regimen outlined above. If the soiling does not resolve, your child's health care provider may refer you to a specialist in digestive and intestinal disorders (pediatric gastroenterologist), a behavioral psychologist, or both. |
80da339399d6c055e5161f8a94464a88 | How do emollient laxatives work to help with encopresis? | Emollient laxatives: These products decrease the absorption of water from the colon, and thus soften the stool, making it easier to pass. |
9529d8348f7d41437f8fb05b829c4297 | How else can an anorectal manometry help with encopresis? | Anorectal manometry can also be helpful to rule out Hirschsprung disease, a very rare cause of constipation without encopresis. If Hirschsprung disease is seriously considered as a cause of your child's encopresis, a biopsy of the rectum may be necessary. A biopsy is the removal of a very tiny piece of tissue for examination under a microscope. This is done to look for the absence of nerve function in the rectum, a characteristic sign of Hirschsprung disease. |
3f49d8bbf2e9319b05c9e815db6f822a | What works best to treat encopresis? | Although many different regimens have been developed for the treatment of encopresis, most rely on the following principles: Empty the colon of stool Establish regular soft and painless bowel movements Maintain very regular bowel habits While there is almost always a large behavioral component to chronic encopresis, behavioral therapy alone, such as offering rewards or reasoning with the child, usually is not effective. Rather, a combination of medical and behavioral therapy works best. |
11e3e646eac98c575b2c5c5069775421 | How can you establish regular bathroom times to treat encopresis? | Establish regular bathroom times: The child should sit on the toilet for 5-10 minutes after breakfast and again after dinner EVERY DAY. Some families must alter their daily routines to accomplish this, but it is a crucial step, particularly for school-aged children. Sitting on the toilet right after a meal takes advantage of the âgastrocolic reflex,â intestinal contractions that naturally occur after eating. |
e4eda7c107ce4354e619d6965059e7ce | What behavioral techniques can help with encopresis? | Behavioral techniques: Offer age-appropriate positive reinforcement for developing regular toilet habits. For young children, a star or sticker chart can be helpful. For older children, earning privileges, such as extra television or video game time, may be useful. |
1d18998861654f4ec7aa2a9286f5e5c6 | How is a suppository used to treat severe encopresis? | Give a suppository or a series of suppositories: A suppository is a tablet or capsule that is inserted into the rectum. The suppository is made of a substance that may stimulate the rectum to contract and expel stool or it may soften the stool by drawing extra water from the body into the bowel. Popular stimulant suppositories include Dulcolax or Fleet Bisacodyl. Popular stool softening suppositories with glycerin are provided by Fleet or Pedia- Lax. Daily suppositories for several days may be needed to completely evacuate the colon. |
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