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d34deb3247bd9d4061e1f4987590d9f6 | What exams and tests do doctors use to diagnose night terrors? | Usually, a complete history and a physical exam are sufficient to diagnose night terrors. If other disorders are suspected, additional tests may be useful to exclude them: An electroencephalogram ( EEG), which measures brain activity, may be performed if a seizure disorder is suspected. Polysomnography (a combination of tests used to check for adequate breathing while asleep) may be done if a breathing disorder is suspected. CT scans and MRIs are usually not necessary. |
2847745dde641671dd3fb7b4359c120c | How can I treat night terrors at home? | Parents might take the following precautions at home: Make the child's room safe to try to prevent the child from being injured during an episode. Eliminate all sources of sleep disturbance. Maintain a consistent bedtime routine and wake-up time. |
c3597428fbb41d283a9afc172dbb8fe6 | What is the medical treatment for night terrors? | Unfortunately, no adequate treatment exists for night terrors. Management primarily consists of educating family members about the disorder and reassuring them that the episodes are not harmful. In severe cases in which daily activities (for example, school performance or peer or family relations) are affected, low-dose benzodiazepines (such as clonazepam) or tricyclic antidepressants (such as imipramine) may be used as a temporary treatment. |
eab6085d11fcd4ca6e93450c6c32ab61 | What are the symptoms of night terrors? | While most of the time they have no specific cause, night terrors can sometimes result from: Stressful life events Fever Sleep deprivation Medications that affect the central nervous system (the brain) Recent anesthesia given for surgery In addition to frequent recurrent episodes of intense crying and fear during sleep, with difficulty arousing the child, children with night terrors may also experience the following: Tachycardia (increased heart rate) Tachypnea (increased breathing rate) Sweating during episodes The typical night terror episode usually begins approximately 90 minutes after falling asleep. |
0d1b6c11f97686b0e77ad211874dfd57 | What should I know about night terrors? | Night terrors typically occur in children ages 3-12, with a peak onset at age 3 1/2. There are two main types of sleep: rapid eye movement ( REM) and non-rapid eye movement (non- REM). Non- REM sleep has stages, and night terrors happen during the transition from stage 3 to stage 4. They typically occur approximately 90 minutes after the child falls asleep. Night terrors are distinctly different from the common nightmares, which occur during REM sleep. Night terrors are characterized by frequent recurrent episodes of intense crying and fear during sleep, with difficulty arousing the child. Unlike nightmares, most children do not recall a dream after a night terror episode, and they usually do not remember the episode the next morning. Night terrors are frightening episodes that can disrupt family life. An estimated 1%-6% of children experience night terrors. Boys and girls are equally affected. Children of all races also seem to be affected equally. It is a disorder that is usually outgrown by adolescence. |
b8d87cd1508745d676b2617b4f8ae1c6 | What is the outlook for night terrors? | It is a disorder that is usually outgrown by adolescence. |
842e27296c5027dab8ff3c32f509716c | When should I seek medical care for night terrors? | Sleep disruption is a parent's most frequent concern during the first years of a child's life. Half of all children develop a disrupted sleep pattern serious enough to warrant a visit to the pediatrician. During his or her evaluation, the doctor may also be able to exclude other possible disorders that might cause night terrors. |
f1d0cf9899e0cdcc8d1d767121b7f231 | How do night terrors happen? | They typically occur approximately 90 minutes after the child falls asleep. The child sits up in bed and screams, appearing awake but is confused, disoriented, and unresponsive to stimuli. Although the child seems to be awake, the child does not seem to be aware of the parents' presence and usually does not talk. The child may thrash around in bed and does not respond to comforting by the parents. Most episodes last 1-2 minutes, but they may last up to 30 minutes before the child relaxes and returns to normal sleep. If the child does awake during a night terror, only small pieces of the episode may be recalled. Usually, the child does not remember the episode upon waking in the morning. |
8ea76d027d037563c58545e613a52954 | What causes night terrors? | While most of the time they have no specific cause, night terrors can sometimes result from: Stressful life events Fever Sleep deprivation Medications that affect the central nervous system (the brain) Recent anesthesia given for surgery In addition to frequent recurrent episodes of intense crying and fear during sleep, with difficulty arousing the child, children with night terrors may also experience the following: Tachycardia (increased heart rate) Tachypnea (increased breathing rate) Sweating during episodes The typical night terror episode usually begins approximately 90 minutes after falling asleep. If your child has night terrors, you can try to interrupt her sleep in order to prevent one. |
708f2de3ea989ba16a6d4b92882e9798 | How can you get resveratrol naturally from foods? | Resveratrol occurs naturally in red wine, red grape skins, grape juice, peanuts, mulberries, and some Chinese herbs. Some people wonder if they should drink more red wine because of the possible health benefits of resveratrol. However, most experts and organizations like the American Heart Association still suggest limiting alcoholic drinks to one per day for women and two for men. Four ounces of red wine equals one drink. Other forms of alcohol do not have resveratrol. |
cc2dd1ac1b9670f4701e239afb88594c | Who should not take reseveratrol? | Given the lack of evidence about their safety, resveratrol supplements are not recommended for children or for women who are pregnant or breastfeeding. |
982264a4388b006ff87194aec8883f5e | What are benefits and risks of resveratrol supplements? | However, resveratrol supplements have not been well studied in people. We don't really know what benefits and risks they might have. We also don't know if resveratrol is necessarily more important than some of the other natural substances in wine. |
b48409e653a65ca0359f667b370f5803 | What are the risks of taking resveratrol? | When resveratrol is consumed in the amount normally occurring in foods, it is generally considered safe. It could cause a reaction in those who are allergic to grapes or wine. If you take any medicines or other supplements regularly, talk to your health care provider before you start using resveratrol supplements. |
4dd96e2e182aefc75cf6443d870f2e1d | What is resveratrol? | As a supplement, resveratrol has been promoted as a treatment for many conditions -- including aging itself. However, resveratrol supplements have not been well studied in people. We also don't know if resveratrol is necessarily more important than some of the other natural substances in wine. |
6c6c0a0e1e178b638f0dbeb61f52cf56 | Why do people take resveratrol? | As a supplement, resveratrol has been promoted as a treatment for many conditions -- including aging itself. However, resveratrol supplements have not been well studied in people. We don't really know what benefits and risks they might have. Some take resveratrol supplements to try to prevent or treat serious diseases, like cancer or heart disease. Others hope that they will slow the aging process. For now, these uses are unsupported by evidence. |
083fa1f043d171fb7f05bd2e4a14a3c8 | How much resveratrol should you take? | Ask your health care provider for advice. When resveratrol is consumed in the amount normally occurring in foods, it is generally considered safe. |
5d0aac658b0b4881f4f821b195c767c0 | How can I prevent nausea and vomiting? | If the smell of hot food makes you feel ill, try eating cool or cold meals. Eat six small meals each day instead of three large ones. Do not lay down after eating. Rest with your head higher than your feet. If you feel nauseated when you wake up in the morning, eat some lean meat or cheese before going to bed or keep plain crackers by the side of your bed and eat a few before getting up. Drink at least six glasses of water a day. If you are already feeling nauseated, these tips may help you avoid vomiting: Sit down or lie in a propped-up position. |
623032411cd0657531ec85026d6c5831 | How can I prevent vomiting? | If you are already feeling nauseated, these tips may help you avoid vomiting: Sit down or lie in a propped-up position. Physical activity will make you feel worse. Drink a small amount of a sweet beverage such as ginger ale or Gatorade. Drinks with sugar in them help calm the stomach. However, avoid acidic drinks like orange juice or grapefruit juice. Have a popsicle or a similar sweetened ice treat. |
28c33f2d214853e9e0515271f5eea3c6 | How can my doctor tell if I have fibromyalgia? | Your doctor may tell you that you fibromyalgia if you: Have a WPI score of 7 or more and SS score of 5 or more Have WPI of 3 to 6 and an SS score of 9 or more Have had symptoms at the same level for at least 3 months Don't have any other condition that can cause these symptoms From there, you'll talk about a plan to manage it. With the right treatment, most people who have it live a normal, active life. |
b34c826221737c270683ab639ea0c96d | What is the symptom severity (SS) scale for fibromyalgia? | The symptom severity ( SS) scale measures three key symptoms during the past week: Fatigue Waking up still tired Thinking problems The SS scale ranges from 0 to 3: 0 -- No problems 1 -- Mild: It comes and goes. 2 -- Moderate: You usually have or feel it. 3 -- Severe: It seriously affects your daily life. Your doctor also will ask if you've had about 40 other symptoms that can affect people who have fibromyalgia. These include depression and anxiety, bellyaches, itching, taste changes, numbness, and dizziness. This score ranges from 0 (no symptoms) to 3 (a lot of problems). Your doctor will add all the SS numbers together to get a score. It will be between 0 and 12. |
49aa6485a0b953054115ab0b453228a1 | What can cause symptoms similar to fibromyalgia? | Several conditions cause pain, muscle aches, and fatigue, just like fibromyalgia: Hypothyroidism: Your thyroid gland doesn't make enough of a certain hormone. Rheumatoid arthritis or lupus: Problems with your immune system cause swelling and pain. Osteoarthritis: This is the âwear and tearâ type of arthritis. Ankylosing spondylitis: This is a specific type of arthritis that causes pain and inflammation in your spine. Polymyalgia rheumatica: This disorder causes widespread pain and stiffness that come on quickly. Your doctor will want to rule out any of these other problems. She may take a sample of your blood to check your hormone levels or look for signs of inflammation. You may also get X-rays so she can look at your bones. |
0a9f26a094a287e1500d306b55755b92 | How does the widespread pain index (WPI) help diagnose fibromyalgia? | If your doctor can't find another reason for your symptoms, she'll use a two-part process to help figure out if you have fibromyalgia. One part involves the trademark widespread pain on both sides of your body and above and below your waist. The other part measures how bad your symptoms are. She'll ask if you've had pain in 19 specific places in the past week, including your arms, legs, back, jaw, and neck. This is called the widespread pain index ( WPI), and scores range from 0 to 19. |
3cb0f428c494055061589b7abd3fce5c | What are the first steps in diagnosing fibromyalgia? | But you'll probably want to see a rheumatologist, a doctor who's an expert in problems with joints, muscles, and bones. Your rheumatologist will ask you about your health and family history -- you're more likely to have fibromyalgia if other people in your family have it. She'll give you a physical exam and may check for tender points. People who have fibromyalgia often feel tenderness when pressure is put on certain spots, generally around the back of your head, your neck, shoulders, elbows, knees, and hips. She'll also ask about your symptoms, so it's a good idea to keep a detailed record of where and when you hurt. Is the pain dull or sharp? Does it come and go, or is it constant? Are you tired a lot or not thinking clearly? Write down any other problems you have, even if you don't think they're related. |
e67c13541dca404478455ea94b57474e | What can cause lice treatments not to work? | Second, female adult lice lay up to eight eggs a day. Over-the-counter lice treatments and prescription ones kill live lice and their eggs (nits), but they might not catch all of them. Because of the life cycle of lice, over-the-counter and prescription treatments may require two treatments, 7-9 days apart. If you don't reapply the product within the correct number of days, lice eggs can lurk behind and hatch later. |
57a7bb9638768f846e180a059aecb711 | How can you keep lice from coming back? | But follow these simple steps to help prevent another lice attack: Wash and dry bedding, clothing, and stuffed toys using hot water (130 F) and high heat. If the items can't be washed, seal them in a plastic bag for 3 weeks. Dry cleaning also kills lice. Vacuum upholstered furniture and rugs. You'll also want to find the exact source of the mites. Your furry friends don't spread head lice. |
23a43409dd9f7239560e40cdc0f52ca0 | My pet has fleas. How can my vet help control fleas in my home? | Ask your vet what she recommends. You want a product that treats fleas at every stage -- from egg to adult bug -- and that works well in your climate. Most flea treatments take only one dose a month to keep fleas from making you and your pets itch. If your pet is already on a flea treatment product, ask your vet about switching to something else. And make sure you treat every pet in the house. |
62d7e6dd4b22d2f3d2a7b8a4683e4d97 | How do I use a flea comb to get rid of fleas on my pet? | It may seem old school, but a flea comb with tiny teeth can do a good job of removing fleas from your pet. Do it outside, and focus on the neck area and the base of the tail. Keep a cup of warm, soapy water beside you. Use it to dip the comb so you can drown the fleas. Regular flea combing will also let you know how your flea control efforts are working. |
79e06fe1e5c61024ebb314c1becf8aee | How should I bathe my pet to help rid my home of fleas? | Bathing your pet regularly will also help rid your home of fleas. Any soap will kill them, so you don’t have to use a flea bath. But make sure that the soap you use is safe for a cat or dog. Some people like to finish the bath with a nice-smelling essential oil that may also help keep fleas away. Before you do, know that some dogs and cats may have problems with oils with: Citrus Cinnamon Clove D-limonene Geranium Tea tree Lavender Linalool Bay Eucalyptus Pennyroyal Rue These essential oils are less likely to cause problems if you use only a little bit: Lemongrass Cedar wood Peppermint Rosemary Thyme |
15dd3ffac844e2d022140dcb170ba215 | How can vacuuming help me get rid of fleas in my home? | Regular vacuuming lowers the number of fleas and their eggs from carpeting, cracks in wood floors, and on curtains and upholstered furniture. Don’t forget to vacuum the areas where your pet sleeps and eats. Empty the vacuum cleaner bin or throw away bags in a garbage can outside right away so the fleas can’t sneak back in. For the parts of your home where you and your pets hang out the most, like the living room, kitchen, and bedrooms, vacuum every day. If you have a serious flea invasion, have your carpets steam cleaned. For very bad cases, you might consider calling an exterminator. Just make sure whatever you do is safe for you and your pets. |
c201139cfa57031fad215577c996ef7c | I have fleas in my house. How often should I wash bedding? | Your dog or cat has been scratching lately. And if your pets sleep in your bed or with your kids, make sure to wash everyone else’s bedding, too. |
087430760c376aef62b75000a1f30048 | What are risk factors for protein in urine (proteinuria)? | The two most common risk factors for proteinuria are: Diabetes High blood pressure (hypertension) Both diabetes and high blood pressure can cause damage to the kidneys, which leads to proteinuria. |
ca77894e14d00065c5218a40cd84cbce | What is orthostatic proteinuria? | Some people get more protein into urine while standing than while lying down. That is known as orthostatic proteinuria. |
c215e2c1f71cbd8688c585ea18244d2f | How is mild or temporary protein in urine (proteinuria) treated? | In mild or temporary proteinuria, no treatment may be necessary. |
541cdaaf6e2cb357c932cfc27690d7de | What types of kidney disease can cause proteinuria other than diabetes and hypertension? | Other types of kidney disease unrelated to diabetes or high blood pressure can also cause protein to leak into the urine. Examples of other causes include: Medications Trauma Toxins Infections Immune system disorders Increased production of proteins in the body can lead to proteinuria. Examples include multiple myeloma and amyloidosis. |
36740df18242e470691404432c68a35b | Does proteinuria always need to be treated? | So its treatment depends on identifying and managing its underlying cause. If that cause is kidney disease, appropriate medical management is essential. Untreated chronic kidney disease can lead to kidney failure. In mild or temporary proteinuria, no treatment may be necessary. |
0d9b9de00a3f11383dbfb2d44e5e1d62 | What is proteinuria? | Healthy kidneys do not allow a significant amount of protein to pass through their filters. But filters damaged by kidney disease may let proteins such as albumin leak from the blood into the urine. Proteinuria can also be a result of overproduction of proteins by the body. Kidney disease often has no early symptoms. |
c90ef048f52ed08e0540f6633da818b3 | How is protein in urine (proteinuria) treated? | If that cause is kidney disease, appropriate medical management is essential. |
ba6142a33a2ed2b76c00358f4cc237ad | What can untreated chronic kidney disease lead to? | Untreated chronic kidney disease can lead to kidney failure. |
c8c02787d333a1b14fff4e9f17f8f10d | What are other causes of protein in urine (proteinuria)? | Other types of kidney disease unrelated to diabetes or high blood pressure can also cause protein to leak into the urine. Examples of other causes include: Medications Trauma Toxins Infections Immune system disorders Increased production of proteins in the body can lead to proteinuria. |
7b3d11a7c43ef27171a5df8403638051 | How do I know if proteinuria is caused by kidney disease? | The condition is often a sign of kidney disease. One of its first signs may be proteinuria that's discovered by a urine test done during a routine physical exam. Blood tests will then be done to see how well the kidneys are working. |
b308c84958951886f0b448fa2b5fbe82 | What drugs are used to treat protein in urine (proteinuria)? | The two most common risk factors for proteinuria are: Diabetes High blood pressure (hypertension) Both diabetes and high blood pressure can cause damage to the kidneys, which leads to proteinuria. These may come from two classes of drugs: ACE inhibitors (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors) ARBs (angiotensin receptor blockers) Proper treatment -- especially in patients with chronic disease such as diabetes and high blood pressure -- is essential to prevent the progressive kidney damage that is causing the proteinuria. |
198fa5fe820cbda7af75fd96f3aef338 | How can you get protein in urine (proteinuria)? | People with proteinuria have urine containing an abnormal amount of protein. Proteinuria can also be a result of overproduction of proteins by the body. Other types of kidney disease unrelated to diabetes or high blood pressure can also cause protein to leak into the urine. |
5d822c11befa14a06cb57c345f7601ad | What else should I know about genital herpes? | Educate yourself about genital herpes. You'll find out that it's not as serious as it may seem, and that couples can and do have wonderful, sexually fulfilling relationships, even if one partner has genital herpes. Sometimes, people in long-term relationships suspect that their partner has been cheating when he or she is diagnosed. That's not necessarily true -- your partner could have been infected years or decades before you met. Also, consider the possibility that you gave your partner herpes. Millions of people live with genital herpes without having a clue that they're infected. In fact, health experts estimate that 90% of those who are infected in the United States don't know it. A herpes infection doesn't always cause obvious sores on the genitals. In many cases, it causes no noticeable symptoms at all. Health care professionals say that sex partners of people with herpes should be tested, as that is the only way to know for sure if they are infected or not. |
d2c9417a18c9f6a427f8bf728086f0d2 | What do I do if my partner has genital herpes? | But instead of declaring the sexual part of your relationship over or out of the question, think of ways you can be intimate without risking infection. You can reduce the risk of becoming infected through sexual intercourse by using condoms and avoiding sex when your partner has symptoms. There will always be some risk, even if you practice safer sex, but you can minimize it as much as possible. |
454ba7a728a5db88ab3eebd527e84a73 | What is the reason one would have an earwax blockage against the eardrum? | So, the only reason you'd have an earwax blockage up against your eardrum, is because you tried to clean your ears with a cotton swab -- or something like it -- and pushed the wax in deeper. |
3f2d42756c2c7afd4dd71a824fa2e141 | What are the symptoms of cerumen impaction? | The symptoms of cerumen impaction are: Pain or a feeling of fullness in your ear Feeling like your ear is plugged Partial loss of hearing, which worsens over time Ringing in your ear, known as tinnitus Itching, discharge, or a smell coming from your ear Coughing This kind of earwax buildup is rare, but it can happen. |
b308bc295589e79daa44aa307f051a7d | What acts as a filter for our ears? | It even has antibacterial properties, which means your ears are self-cleaning. Earwax is like a filter for your ears, keeping out harmful things like dirt and dust, and trapping them so they don't go deep inside. |
3f9a8747cb66bfa3e64edc164c270ba6 | How does someone properly clean their ears? | If your problem isn't serious, but you do feel like you have too much earwax buildup, you can gently clean the outside of your ears. Just use a washcloth. You also can try putting a few drops of baby oil, mineral oil, or glycerin in your ear to soften the wax. Or you can use an over-the-counter wax removal kit. |
4fe20a72a329e7654896510b91170586 | What should someone do when experiencing any symptoms of cerumen impaction? | The symptoms of cerumen impaction are: Pain or a feeling of fullness in your ear Feeling like your ear is plugged Partial loss of hearing, which worsens over time Ringing in your ear, known as tinnitus Itching, discharge, or a smell coming from your ear Coughing This kind of earwax buildup is rare, but it can happen. But if you're experiencing any of the symptoms listed above, don't assume earwax is the problem. Call your doctor. He can examine your ears and figure out the cause. Your doctor can look into your ear canal with a special device and remove any earwax with small instruments, suction, or irrigation. |
124a10a7074f8b6f937b9c0aa64834e7 | What problems can occur when swabbing or sticking pointy objects inside the ear? | Swabbing or sticking pointy objects inside your ear can cause other serious problems: Infection Rupture of the eardrum Significant hearing loss Ideally, no; your ear canals shouldn't need cleaning. |
eca6fff86a153e54162520d07e12d03b | What is the only reason someone should clean out their ears? | About the only thing doctors do agree on putting anything inside your ear is a bad idea. Your ears usually do a good job cleaning themselves and don't need any extra care. The only reason you should clean them is to soften or remove earwax from the outside of your ear canals. And if you're going to do that, you'll need to know how to do it carefully. |
20dd49b5b1fabc063a15eb8a9be3f554 | Should someone clean their ears? | Swabbing or sticking pointy objects inside your ear can cause other serious problems: Infection Rupture of the eardrum Significant hearing loss Ideally, no; your ear canals shouldn't need cleaning. But if too much earwax builds up and starts to cause symptoms or it keeps your doctor from doing a proper ear exam, you might have something called cerumen impaction. This means earwax has completely filled your ear canal and it can happen in one or both ears. |
e96a539e187b6710ca55bc8c0edf7032 | How do some people clean their ears? | Maybe you're one of those that says you should never even clean your ears. Ear candles. |
32ae6d10bd578c0c7d151858b94082e8 | What products should never be used to clean ears? | Swabbing or sticking pointy objects inside your ear can cause other serious problems: Infection Rupture of the eardrum Significant hearing loss Ideally, no; your ear canals shouldn't need cleaning. If the problem isn't an earwax buildup, but something more serious, peroxide can make the problem much worse. Ear candles. Studies show they're not effective and they can even cause injury. These hollow candles are supposed to be inserted into the ear canal and lit at the exposed end, but the Food and Drug Administration ( FDA) has found they can cause burns and even pierce the inside of the ear. |
ca337ee19f02c1c26aeb1cf204f07411 | Why do our ears make wax? | The only reason you should clean them is to soften or remove earwax from the outside of your ear canals. It's normal for your body to produce it, and it actually helps protect and lubricate your ears. If you didn't have earwax, your ears would probably be itchy and dry. |
faff993be1e5ba0f459e08f521cb234c | What do we know about the African plum tree for prostate conditions? | In Europe, extract from the African plum tree bark is extensively used. It's been reported to reduce symptoms associated with BPH such as having to get up frequently at night to urinate or frequent urination during the day. Use of this herb for health reasons is so widespread around the world that the African plum tree is now endangered. African plum tree bark extract may help men deal with the discomfort of BPH. But it has not been proven to reduce the size of an enlarged prostate. Side effects noted with use of African plum tree bark include nausea and stomach upset. |
3a6c69c0179c75b3dd8d802585643a44 | What is an asthma diary used for? | The asthma diary is used to: Record asthma symptoms and peak expiratory flow ( PEF) readings Compare PEF readings with your asthma zones Keep track of how often you use medications for a sudden asthma attack Recording this information will help you recognize asthma attacks and head them off before you become seriously ill. |
972bb8460fc2a6da9d4394aeb5103c4d | What should I do if I want to stop dialysis? | But you can choose not to have it or stop at any time. If you do, make sure to talk to your doctor about other treatments that can help you. Changes to your diet or lifestyle may improve your quality of life. If you want to stop dialysis because you feel depressed or ashamed, your doctor may urge you to speak to a counselor first. Sharing your feelings, taking antidepressants, or doing both of these things may help you make a more informed decision. |
69d8bf69476089b4ba5015801692d36d | What are the different kinds of peritoneal dialysis (PD)? | This process is called an âexchange.â There are two kinds of PD: Continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis ( CCPD): This uses a machine to do your exchanges. Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis ( CAPD): You'll do your exchanges by hand. You'll likely do four to six exchanges each day. Your doctor can help you decide which type fits your lifestyle. Some people do both. |
03e55e6f19d09f4922422a07c247847e | What are some tips to stay healthy during dialysis? | Hemodialysis patients are also at an increased risk for infections. Try these tips to stay healthy: Check your access site daily for redness, pus, and swelling. If you see any, call your doctor. Keep the bandage that covers your catheter clean and dry. |
24a24222308382eb9c0cad78fc6afd67 | How can I prevent blood clots if I have polycythemia vera? | Its symptoms may include: Pain in the upper right part of your belly Yellow color in your skin and the whites of your eyes Swelling in the belly or arms Bleeding in your digestive tract, from the esophagus or gut To prevent clots, your doctor will remove a small amount of blood with a treatment called phlebotomy. This is similar to giving blood during a blood drive. You may also get medicines like low-dose aspirin, hydroxyurea, or interferon alfa to thin your blood and stop your body from making too many blood cells. |
592dbc45b06e8e4c51b4b8f4545432a3 | Can you live with polycythemia vera? | Many people with polycythemia vera ( PV) live a normal life with this rare blood cancer under control. The goal is to avoid complications like blood clots, which may happen because PV thickens your blood. To prevent those problems, your doctor will recommend treatments to improve your blood flow and help you feel better. |
41d47a7f3f028181728d54c8957464c6 | How do I know if I have a blood clot if I have polycythemia vera? | Watch for signs of a clot, such as: Chest pain Shortness of breath Dizziness Pain and swelling in your leg Call your doctor or go to an emergency room right away if you have these signs. |
06835789ee58270c2e39a98125e1695e | If I have polycythemia vera will I get blood clots? | These problems don't happen to everyone who has polycythemia vera. They're more likely if you're older than 60 or have already had a blood clot or complication. You'll want to work with your doctor to get a sense of your risk and how to lower it. |
4277d95243c1d8195e4b922b136862b9 | What is gout and how does polycythemia vera cause it? | Gout is a type of arthritis. It's caused by the buildup of uric acid in your joints. Uric acid forms into hard crystals that leave the joints sore and swollen. You get gout when cells turn over too quickly in your body -- like in PV. |
fc7412fbb4150ad294a43fe0b51ad63c | How can I prevent itchiness with polycythemia vera? | To prevent itchiness: Keep the water cool when you shower or take a bath. Gently pat your skin dry when you get out of the water. Don't rub it dry. Use moisturizer every day. Your doctor may recommend an antihistamine or low-dose aspirin. |
672f1b5605cb97f1e40aee284740143c | What are the symptoms of an enlarged spleen because of polycythemia vera? | Doctors call this âsplenomegaly.â If your spleen is enlarged, you may have symptoms like: A feeling of fullness Swelling in your belly Weight loss Stomach pain If your enlarged spleen causes problems, you may need to take medicine for it, or you may need surgery to remove it. |
3043e59cb0c8e58626bd1dbf86240bcc | How does polycythemia vera cause myelofibrosis and leukemia? | After years of pumping out extra red blood cells, your bone marrow can become so filled with scar tissue that it can't make enough blood cells to meet your body's needs. Doctors call this condition myelofibrosis. It's rare, but abnormal bone marrow cells grow out of control. This can lead to acute myelogenous leukemia, a cancer of the blood and bone marrow. Again, these problems aren't likely. Your doctor will closely follow your health to make sure you're doing well and staying free of complications. |
efa599a2a7a485e52714711a9792945a | Why are blood clots bad? | Sometimes a clot gets loose and travels through a blood vessel. From there, it can move into your lung and get stuck. This is a pulmonary embolism, and it's an emergency. A clot can also lodge in the brain and cause a stroke. Or it can block a blood vessel in the heart and cause a heart attack. A blood clot can also form in the main blood vessel that leads to the liver. You get gout when cells turn over too quickly in your body -- like in PV. |
02017884a9c1782cc6bd421d9427715a | Are sterols and stanols good for heart health? | Find these in foods like nuts and grains, or you can buy them as supplements. They reduce the amount of cholesterol that your body absorbs from food. They're also added to many foods, such as some margarines, orange juice, and yogurts. Experts recommend 2 grams a day to help lower LDL cholesterol for people who have high cholesterol. |
9544f66219aefc5269016598623fed41 | What is a coronary calcium scan? | This CT scan of your chest can help doctors spot calcium buildup in the arteries around your heart, a sign that they have too much plaque. |
744da5acdffc9097c92a715dabc927d4 | What is a carotid ultrasound? | Two of the major blood vessels in your neck are your carotid arteries. When they have thick, fatty deposits of cholesterol inside, it's a sign you're at higher risk for a heart attack or stroke. Your doctor might do an ultrasound scan of your neck called a carotid intima-media thickness test to check them out. |
891a09edd3087ba002948f93a56ca4f9 | Why would my doctor check my thyroid gland while I am taking statins? | If it's not making enough hormones, a condition called hypothyroidism, it may cause muscle pain when you take statins. |
cd6c332bdeeb42441dcd4b8e560cc12d | What is an ankle brachial index test? | Two of the major blood vessels in your neck are your carotid arteries. High blood pressure is a major sign of heart disease risk. This test measures the blood pressure in your legs. It helps your doctor compare your blood pressure in both your legs and your arms. Your total score is the division of your ankle blood pressure reading by your arm blood pressure reading. |
b74f2808481cf5415f6743975f437d9a | Do statins always work to lower cholesterol? | They also can help protect you from heart attacks and strokes. But for some people who take them, they don't work well enough. If your statin doesn't help, don't worry. Your doctor can help you find other treatments. If you have it, statins may not be able to lower your levels enough. |
07f35a475b15fde9f8dc7e995c4dfd94 | What are the possible risks of taking part in a clinical trial for arthritis treatment? | Potential side effects from participating in a clinical trial will depend on the type of treatment and the patient's condition. All of the risks and side effects of the treatment being researched are not known at the beginning of the clinical trial. Since this is the case, there may be unknown side effects, as well as hoped-for benefits. |
d372fb60c114c7f1928d8ab421b03e94 | What are different phases of clinical trials for arthritis? | In a phase I clinical trial, the new arthritis treatment being investigated is given to a small number of participants. The researchers determine the best way to give the new treatment and how much of it can be given safely. Phase II clinical trials determine the effect of the research treatment on patients and usually the best dosage. In Phase III clinical trials, the drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used Phase IV clinical trials apply the new treatment to patient care. Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use. |
b1b7db6f15c9c73544c0df109e9874e4 | What questions are researchers trying to answer during a clinical trial for a new arthritis treatment? | When a new arthritis treatment is studied for the first time in humans, it is not known exactly how it will work. With any new treatment, there are possible risks as well as benefits. Clinical trials help doctors discover the answers to the following questions: Is the treatment safe and effective? Is the treatment potentially better than the treatments currently available? What are the side effects of the treatment? Does the treatment have any possible risks? How well does the treatment work? |
c4628144aff7ac81c790edb95abcbabd | What is informed consent in relation to clinical trials for arthritis? | Informed consent means that as a patient, you are given all available information so you can understand what is involved in a specific clinical trial. Ask the doctor or nurse to explain parts of the form or the trial that are not clear. You are free to decide whether or not you want to take part in the trial. If you choose not to participate in the trial, your care will not be affected in any way. Even if you sign the form, you are free to leave the trial at any time to receive other available treatments. After you agree to participate in a clinical trial, you will continue to receive any new information about your treatment that may affect your willingness to stay in the trial. |
a5a75adca2dc0a559c1c9f65cac2d172 | What happens during a clinical trial for arthritis treatment? | A clinical trial is a research study conducted with patients to evaluate a new arthritis treatment, drug, or device. The new treatments are considered to be at least as effective or possibly more effective than the standard. Only the treatments most likely to work are further evaluated in a small group of humans prior to applying them in a larger clinical trial. |
889651872970461650d515e36904d14d | What questions should you ask when you take a part in a clinical trial for arthritis? | How well does the treatment work? Here are some important questions to ask: What is the purpose of the clinical trial? What kinds of tests and treatments does the clinical trial involve? How are these tests given? What is likely to happen in my case with, or without, this new research treatment? Are there standard treatment options for my arthritis, and how does the study treatment compare with them? How could the clinical trial affect my daily life? What side effects can I expect from the clinical trial? ( Note: There can also be side effects from standard arthritis treatments and from the disease itself.) How long will the clinical trial last? Will the clinical trial require extra time on my part? Will I have to be hospitalized? If so, how often and for how long? If I agree to withdraw from the clinical trial, will my care be affected? Will I need to change doctors? |
3ccb5070a076b4bcfcfcd0de0df21dd7 | Why should I choose a reliable brand of probiotic? | Some companies have been around for years, and you may know their names. Those that have made probiotics for a while may be more likely to have tested and studied them over and over. It's smarter to choose a product from a reputable maker. Check a third-party certifier (like Consumer Lab or the USP) to see if they have tested the product and found that it's safe and reliable. If you're in doubt, ask your doctor. |
257b34da3d855779907adfc4a3e453fd | How do I know what probiotic is right for me? | Each has its own benefits, so talk to your doctor about which one might help you the most. For example, different strains of lactobacillus bacteria, found in some yogurts, can help with some types of diarrhea. |
9aae7bfb251eb015e0d337bbc055e692 | What are ways I could add probiotics to my diet? | You can buy them as tablets, capsules, powders, or liquids. Look for them in health food stores, grocery stores, drugstores, and online. You can also find probiotics in many foods. Yogurt is the most well-known source, but they're also in: Dairy foods like buttermilk, some soft cheeses, fermented milk, and kefir Soy drinks and products like miso and tempeh Kimchi, sauerkraut, and many pickles Many types of bacteria are probiotics. If you go with a supplement, know that the FDA regulates these products but treats them like foods and not medications. If you're in doubt, ask your doctor. |
bcfaaccf15967988e6ab766adcb9f4b8 | How do I take a probiotic? | Here are some things you should be able to find on the label: The genus, species, and strain of the probiotic ( Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, for example) The number of organisms that will be alive by the use-by date The dose The company name and contact information If you can't find this on the label, you may be able to find it on the company's website. If you're in doubt, ask your doctor. Probiotic-rich foods, like yogurt, can become a part of a healthy diet, too. |
74b0ecc3f171fe8f05d860066e8f7a9a | Why is it important to read the label of probiotics? | If you choose yogurt or another dairy food, look on the label for the phrase "contains live active cultures" or "contains probiotics." Not all yogurts have them. If you go with a supplement, know that the FDA regulates these products but treats them like foods and not medications. Unlike drug manufacturers, supplement makers don't have to show their products are safe or effective to sell them. That's why it's key to get as much info as you can before you buy. Here are some things you should be able to find on the label: The genus, species, and strain of the probiotic ( Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, for example) The number of organisms that will be alive by the use-by date The dose The company name and contact information If you can't find this on the label, you may be able to find it on the company's website. |
c4cb33ad4990f965950dd4eb8a933f82 | How is anti-thyroid medication used for hyperthyroidism? | After you start using anti-thyroid medications, your symptoms should begin to disappear in about 6-8 weeks. But you'll typically need to keep taking the medication for about a year. At that time, your doctor will check to see if you can stop. You'll need regular checkups once you're off the medicine to make sure your hormone levels stay balanced. |
26e22ac473448d316359e2ee9bcee7e2 | When do you need surgery to treat hyperthyroidism? | Doctors don't usually do surgery unless you're pregnant (and can't take anti-thyroid medicine) or have a large goiter or cancerous nodule. |
e0a63c1153b7755a69303166c37dedf5 | How is radioactive iodide treatment used for hyperthyroidism? | Thyroid hormone production can be slowed or stopped completely with: Radioactive iodide treatment Anti-thyroid medication Surgery If your doctor decides that radioactive treatment is best, you'll swallow a tablet or liquid with enough radioactive iodide to damage the cells of your thyroid gland so they can't make hormones. Sometimes you'll need more than one treatment to cut back hormone production to a normal level. |
710f959035ddedb89bc598e2ada8c599 | Which products should you avoid if you have thyroid problems? | Avoid these products: Pseudoephedrine (found in over-the-counter cold remedies) can cause nervousness, insomnia, headache, and high blood pressure. Alkaloids, including caffeine, morphine, and quinine, can raise your blood pressure and heart rate. |
99a630db4f3a7afe22ab84393fa0d022 | What are alternative medicines for thyroid problems? | Some people try other therapies to cleanse the body, restore immune function, and balance the production and release of hormones. While they may help with the stress associated with thyroid disease, there are no good studies showing that these therapies are effective for treating thyroid disorders. |
9c6ef28acdeffd8b07014d02ff2a4da1 | How can you tweak your settings to treat computer vision syndrome (CVS)? | You don't have to live with the factory-installed presets if you're uncomfortable. Adjust the brightness, contrast, and font size until you find what's best for you. Visit your eye doctor regularly for exams and to keep your prescriptions up to date. Let him know about any problems you have. You may need glasses or contact lenses. He'll decide if you can wear your regular glasses for computer work or if you need a special pair. He might prescribe a single or bifocal lens, or tinted lens material to boost contrast and filter out glare. Get your kids' eyes checked, too. Make sure any computers they use are set up at the right height and in the best light. |
0ecd8c20529c294e291c4927b7dc5c40 | How can you cut the glare to treat computer vision syndrome (CVS)? | You can also add a glare filter to your monitor. Rearrange your desk. The best position for your monitor is slightly below eye level, about 20 to 28 inches away from your face. You shouldn't have to stretch your neck or strain your eyes to see what's on the screen. |
796a7b35b8e59b8460d33b469e93b2b3 | What are the symptoms of computer vision syndrome (CVS)? | There's no proof that computer use causes any long-term damage to the eyes. But regular use can lead to eye strain and discomfort. You may notice: Blurred vision Double vision Dry, red eyes Eye irritation Headaches Neck or back pain If you don't do anything about them, it could affect more than your eyes. You could also have issues with your work performance. |
6276697bb02c39131df5238339aa9398 | Who can be affected by computer vision syndrome (CVS)? | Working adults aren't the only ones affected. Kids who stare at tablets or use computers during the day at school can have issues, too, especially if the lighting and their posture are less than ideal. |
9f9fdfc095f5ac84ba574dd1f3afa759 | How do you know if you have computer vision syndrome? | You may notice: Blurred vision Double vision Dry, red eyes Eye irritation Headaches Neck or back pain If you don't do anything about them, it could affect more than your eyes. You could also have issues with your work performance. |
229905e2fc86cdb72ba3d3698bd80fce | How can you give your eyes a break to treat computer vision syndrome (CVS)? | Follow the 20-20-20 rule. Look away from the screen every 20 minutes or so and look at something around 20 feet away for about 20 seconds. Blink often to keep your eyes moist. If they feel dry, try some eye drops. |
d87d0b6b1930bed9c60e77b05c631298 | How does using a computer affect vision? | When you work at a computer, your eyes have to focus and refocus all the time. They move back and forth as you read. You may have to look down at papers and then back up to type. Your eyes react to images constantly moving and changing, shifting focus, sending rapidly varying images to the brain. All these jobs require a lot of effort from your eye muscles. |
b672fab946128521793f1248e8ef540d | How often should I visit my eye doctor for computer vision syndrome? | Visit your eye doctor regularly for exams and to keep your prescriptions up to date. Let him know about any problems you have. You may need glasses or contact lenses. He'll decide if you can wear your regular glasses for computer work or if you need a special pair. He might prescribe a single or bifocal lens, or tinted lens material to boost contrast and filter out glare. Get your kids' eyes checked, too. Make sure any computers they use are set up at the right height and in the best light. |
8a8cfd553ea46baa06c7c557e3e43001 | Who Is more likely to have problems of computer vision syndrome? | You're more likely to have problems if you already have eye trouble, if you need glasses but don't have them, or if you wear the wrong prescription for computer use. Computer work gets harder as you age and the natural lenses in your eyes becomes less flexible. Somewhere around age 40, your ability to focus on near and far objects will start to go away. Your eye doctor will call this condition presbyopia. |
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