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1c04b77baafc4ea063305bf168d0897e | What is cervical radiculopathy? | Cervical radiculopathy : This is a pinched nerve in your neck that is usually caused by a bone spur or herniated disc. |
0bf4a49c2fdb0397da9b29c244cbcddb | What is cauda equina syndrome? | Cauda equina syndrome: This happens if a ruptured disc pushes down into the nerve roots in your spine. It may be what's causing your pain if bladder and bowel control have been an issue for you lately. |
58f2b4397ebf8754b8bd12440d920a07 | What is degenerative disc disease? | Degenerative disc disease: The discs that separate your vertebrae wear down. This sometimes causes the bones to rub together. Age is usually the reason, but sports and injuries can be culprits, too. |
0f909e5a4f8e1b7cdca90e71c9926581 | What is scoliosis? | Scoliosis: You may hear this called âcurvature of the spine.â If you have it, chances are you were born with it. Pain tied to it usually starts at about middle age. |
d3992de871520d2914c7425fb36f76fc | What is the sacroliac joint and how can problems with it lead to back pain? | Inflammation and movement problems of the sacroiliac joint: This joint sits at the bottom of the spine, on either side of the pelvis. It transfers the weight of your upper body to your lower body. This can start to bother you after you've been injured, if you have an infection, if you have arthritis, or if you're pregnant. Abnormal movement, such as too much movement of the joint, can also cause long-term pain. |
a817d0465b505a69f282104dec070022 | Does arthritis bring on lower back pain? | Arthritis: This causes stiffness, swelling, and inflammation in your joints. If your doctor mentions âankylosing spondylitis,â he's talking about a type of inflammatory arthritis that affects the joints and ligaments along your spine. |
bd76f958b6b7f5869a0667a9f4217c1a | What injuries can cause back pain? | Falling down, getting into a car accident, or even overdoing it in that pick-up game over the weekend can cause problems you feel in your lower back, like: Spine/vertebral fractures: Your back may have a broken bone if it gets hit hard or you fall from a great height. Sprains and strains: Lifting and twisting at the same time, or swinging a golf club, can pull or tear the ligaments, muscles, and tendons in your back. Spasms: These are muscle contractions, and they hurt. They generally happen when you sprain or strain your lower back. |
672df312651e7ee404b60d69f759c1f7 | What daily habits could cause lower back pain? | Your back is at the mercy of bad habits like: Slouching at your desk Lifting and pulling heavy objects with your back rather your legs Being overweight Not exercising enough Smoking Wearing high heels Carrying an overloaded backpack All of these things can lead to lower back pain. |
1d945ff261927d3bdbb4addec8a00e1b | What are herniated or slipped discs and how can they cause back pain? | If your back isn't feeling quite right, have your doctor check for: Herniated or slipped discs: The bones of your spine are cushioned by discs, often referred to as âshock absorbers.â When they wear down, the soft tissue between them begins to squeeze out. This is when you start to feel it -- especially if they rupture. It can happen if you've had a sudden injury, or because of simple wear and tear. |
861a2fced64f7c585357b13c52c23394 | How common is lower back pain? | If you're having pain, it's important to figure out why. Age is usually the reason, but sports and injuries can be culprits, too. Any one of these can cause pain in your lower back. |
e846ec0c8a6161d72072f510e7ed3545 | Can lower back pain be caused by other things that are going on in your body? | Lower back pain can also be caused by other things that are going on in your body. Abdominal aortic aneurysm: If the blood vessel that supplies blood to your belly, pelvis, and legs is at risk of rupturing, you'll feel sudden pain in your lower back. Pregnancy: All that weight out front can put a real strain on your back. Other issues: Low back pain can also happen because of things like: Kidney stones Endometriosis, a buildup of uterine tissue outside the uterus Fibromyalgia, a condition that causes widespread muscle pain |
b524b5cc1e366e0d011bb3f2bcdcbfb9 | How can stress lead to lower back pain? | And the pain can feel much worse if you're also depressed or anxious. Sciatica: This may be your cause if you have a sharp pain in your lower back or hip. |
a4f6f88d682ed5abb307aad6c78f9981 | What are the goals of treatment for Parkinson's disease? | Your health care team should include: Neurologists Occupational therapists Physical therapists Counselors Social workers Speech therapists Registered dietitians The goals of treatment vary for each person, but in most cases, treatment for Parkinson's disease is designed to: Maintain overall quality of life Improve mobility and function Reduce rigidity Reduce tremor Reverse slowed movements Improve posture, gait, balance, speech, and writing skills Maintain mental sharpness Most people with Parkinson's disease can be treated using prescribed medications. |
2fcaeaf56665721a31bba651e63e007e | Which health care professionals can be part of your medical team if you have Parkinson's disease? | Treating Parkinson's disease is often a "team effort" involving not only your neurologist but also a wide variety of specialists. Your health care team should include: Neurologists Occupational therapists Physical therapists Counselors Social workers Speech therapists Registered dietitians The goals of treatment vary for each person, but in most cases, treatment for Parkinson's disease is designed to: Maintain overall quality of life Improve mobility and function Reduce rigidity Reduce tremor Reverse slowed movements Improve posture, gait, balance, speech, and writing skills Maintain mental sharpness Most people with Parkinson's disease can be treated using prescribed medications. |
fcf87f51e92acaceeef1ccabc3d6f064 | What can I do if I'm embarrassed about having rosacea? | If your symptoms are seriously affecting your mood and self-esteem, do something about it. Treatment for your rosacea symptoms is key. You could also ask your doctor about using makeup to hide affected patches of skin. If you're stressed or depressed, you might get help from counseling or medications. Never ignore signs of anxiety or depression. Talk to your doctor right away so that you can get help. |
48d6de2ed5cf6ba70f75e5cd27404c7c | Why is it important to give your child a sense of control over bedwetting to help minimize the negative emotional effects of it? | There are a number of different ways you can help your child take some ownership of his bedwetting recovery, which will instill confidence and a sense of hope. First, work with your child to create and keep a bedwetting calendar or journal. Your child can recognize dry nights with stars and even come up with different hypotheses to test. For instance, they might decide to test whether limiting soda in the evening helps minimize bedwetting occurrences and keep track of it in their bedwetting journal. You can also encourage your child to visualize his bladder filling up overnight and imagine himself waking up to use the bathroom when he needs to urinate. |
49bdfa989e3f250f6e316d495d002030 | Where is a bone biopsy done and will I be awake during it? | A bone biopsy can be done at a hospital or your doctor's office. Before the test, you'll get medicine to prevent pain and help you relax or sleep. During the biopsy, nurses will check your heartbeat and blood pressure. |
310f05203cfd6772b32474bdbc0356d2 | What will bone biopsy results tell me? | A biopsy can find out whether you have a tumor in your bone, and if that tumor is cancer. The doctor who ordered the test will explain what your results mean. |
c04b50cb843f5ab8192862153343da45 | Why do I need blood tests before a bone biopsy test? | Before the procedure, let her know if you: Take any medicines or supplements -- even over-the-counter medications Are allergic to pain medicine, latex, or tape Are pregnant Have bleeding problems or take blood thinners You might have blood tests to make sure you're healthy enough for the test. Your doctor will ask you to stop taking blood thinners a few days before the biopsy. Take your other medicines with a sip of water on the morning of the test. Don't eat or drink anything 8 hours beforehand. |
d138f7993b40674d18e762faefedd1f1 | What happens during a needle bone biopsy? | Before the test, you'll get medicine to prevent pain and help you relax or sleep. Then the doctor places the needle into the bone to take out the sample. She uses a very thin one in a fine needle biopsy to remove a small sample of cells or tissue. She uses a larger one to get a bigger piece of bone in a core needle biopsy. You might feel some pressure when the needle goes in and the sample is taken out. A bandage is placed over the area to stop the bleeding. |
8c2a4046c7f9046557589aa511984760 | What happens during an open bone biopsy? | Before the test, you'll get medicine to prevent pain and help you relax or sleep. The doctor makes a small cut in your skin over the bone and removes a piece of it. She closes the hole in your skin with stitches or tape strips. |
8d503b52210a0a2b54f2f6fb64343602 | What are bone biopsy tests used for? | These tests can show whether you have cancer or another problem. It can help your doctor diagnose you and find the right treatment. |
e2bf8df309b24145ca4d03604849e75e | How do I get infected with E. coli? | You can become infected when you swallow even a small amount of E. coli bacteria. Among the ways this can happen: Ground meat: You eat ground meat that carries E. coli, and the meat wasn't cooked enough to kill the bacteria. When meat is processed, sometimes bacteria from the animals' intestines make their way into the meat. This happens more with ground meat because it comes from more than one animal. Untreated milk: You drink unpasteurized milk, which hasn't been heated to kill bacteria. E. coli can get into the milk from the cow's udder or from milking equipment. Vegetables and fruit: You might eat fresh vegetables or fruit that's been tainted by water that has the bacteria. This happens most often when manure from nearby animals mixes with the water supply. Other foods and beverages: You might also get E. coli from unpasteurized fruit juices and yogurt and cheese made from raw milk. Water: You swallow water that contains E. coli, perhaps while swimming in a pool, lake, or pond. Other people: You might get E. coli from another person who has it, such as a child. The bacteria can be passed to you if you clean up after an infected person and then don't wash your hands really well before you touch your mouth. Animals: It can be found at petting zoos or animal exhibits at fairs. |
a61f64f1e655bdd3edd7513a697815d8 | How can I prevent E. coli infection? | After you've used the bathroom or changed a diaper After you've had contact with animals, even your own pets After handling raw meat You can also prevent E. coli infections by being careful about the foods that carry the greatest chance of contamination: Cook hamburgers until they're 160 F inside. Drink only pasteurized milk, juice, and cider. Wash all of your produce before you eat it. Be especially careful to get dirt off leafy greens such as lettuce and spinach. In your kitchen, a couple of simple rules will help keep you safe: Wash: Clean knives, counters, and cutting boards with hot, soapy water after raw meat has touched them. Keep raw and cooked separate: Use different cutting boards for food that you eat raw, such as vegetables and fruit. Don't put cooked meat back on the same plate you used for raw meat without washing the plate first. When you're swimming, try not to swallow the water, whether it's a pool, a lake, or the ocean. It may be tainted. |
d94bbaf280d924749475a4e2c462a39d | How can E. coli make me sick? | While many of us associate E. coli with food poisoning, you can also get pneumonia and urinary tract infections from different types of the bacteria. In fact, 75% to 95% of urinary tract infections are caused by E. coli. Some versions of E. coli make you sick by making a toxin called Shiga. This toxin damages the lining of your intestine. The strains of E. coli that make the toxin are sometimes called STEC, which is short for â Shiga toxin-producing E. coli.â One especially bad strain, O157: H7, can make you very sick. It causes abdominal cramps, vomiting, and bloody diarrhea. It is the leading cause of acute kidney failure in children. It can also cause life-threatening symptoms such as: Adult kidney failure Fever Bleeding Confusion Seizures You should get emergency help if you have any of these symptoms. |
6c7259de6433557720b3c53aa06243bc | When should I wash my hands to prevent E. coli infection? | After you've used the bathroom or changed a diaper After you've had contact with animals, even your own pets After handling raw meat You can also prevent E. coli infections by being careful about the foods that carry the greatest chance of contamination: Cook hamburgers until they're 160 F inside. Drink only pasteurized milk, juice, and cider. Wash all of your produce before you eat it. |
1020110569c7e90ab8d33eed047c0aa5 | How is E. coli infection treated? | The only way your doctor can know for sure if you have an E. coli infection is to send a sample of your stool to a lab to be analyzed. Fortunately, the infection usually goes away on its own. For some types of E.coli associated with diarrhea, such as the watery travelers' diarrhea, antibiotics can shorten the length of time you have symptoms and might be used in moderately severe cases. But if you have fever or bloody diarrhea or if your doctor suspects Shiga toxin-producing E. coli, antibiotics should not be taken. They can actually increase the production of Shiga toxin and worsen your symptoms. It's important to rest and get plenty of fluids to replace what your body is losing through vomiting or diarrhea. Don't take over-the-counter medications that fight diarrhea. You don't want to slow down your digestive system, because that will delay your body's shedding of the infection. |
ce9184b68b268dda14f7cc04d95715dc | What food should I eat after E. coli infection? | When you start to feel better, stick to low-fiber foods at first such as: Crackers Toast Eggs Rice Dairy products and foods that are high in fat or fiber can make your symptoms worse. |
5b5205574bdff09c607935f63b61974d | What are the symptoms of E. coli infection? | This happens more with ground meat because it comes from more than one animal. You'll probably start to feel ill 2 to 5 days after you've taken in the E. coli bacteria. The most common symptoms are: Abdominal cramps Diarrhea, which may be bloody Nausea Constant fatigue You may not have a fever. If you do, it may be slight. Healthy people infected with E. coli usually feel better within a week. |
3f086f4019294d6df9752e4ec2d094e9 | Is there medication for hirsutism? | With regular use, you should have less hair on your face or body. Anti-androgen blockers help your body make and use fewer male hormones, so you should grow less hair over time. Vaniqa (eflornithine) is a face cream that slows hair growth where you apply it. |
e0aa7b904a7944a04089e7ce23b34b47 | How do hormones cause hirsutism? | High levels of male hormones and hirsutism are common in women who have: Polycystic ovary syndrome , which causes small cysts, or fluid-filled sacs, to form on your ovaries. Cushing's syndrome, which you get when you have high levels of the stress hormone cortisol for long periods of time. Tumors in your adrenal glands (which make hormones like cortisol) or your ovaries. |
08dca03c111089fff108e7a80d89b39c | Can medications cause hirsutism? | This can happen with: Drugs that have hormones, like anabolic steroids Drugs that spur hair growth, like Rogaine (minoxidil) A drug called Danocrine (danazol) that can help with endometriosis, when the tissue that lines the uterus grows outside of the womb If you have more facial or body hair than you want, there are a number of ways you can remove it. |
6a81187dd3ead6839f92f026ef9193e1 | What can you do about the hair from hirsutism? | Tweezing or threading. Doctors can prescribe drugs that change the way your body grows hair. When you stop using the medication, hair will grow back, though. |
3c48175b30f3b3290702ebc48fa69943 | What is hirsutism? | If you're a woman and you have a lot of hair growing in places where it normally does just for men, like your upper lip, chin, chest, stomach, or back, that's a condition called hirsutism. The hair is often dark and coarse, instead of the light, fine âpeach fuzzâ that covers most of the body. It's often caused by genes, hormones, or medication. If your mother or sisters have it, you're more likely to get it. |
b9289af54eeb4555e20bc5d1a891b8f3 | Does hirsutism run in families? | If you're a woman and you have a lot of hair growing in places where it normally does just for men, like your upper lip, chin, chest, stomach, or back, that's a condition called hirsutism. It's also more common in people from the Middle East, South Asia, and the Mediterranean. |
fd1fdcb47ff977a240cfdc32ef4442cb | What are the symptoms of cocaine withdrawal? | Symptoms can include: Depression Anxiety Fatigue Trouble concentrating Increased hunger Cravings for the drug Nightmares Chills, nerve pain, muscle aches A cocaine overdose is more difficult to treat. |
f221295653a47c17f8ee3f499c05d2a0 | What can a cocaine overdose lead to? | Physical signs include: Increased sweating, body temperature, or heart rate Trouble breathing Chest pain Nausea or vomiting Confusion, seizures, tremors Watch for these mental signs of overdose, too: Anxiety Panic Paranoia Hallucinations Delirium An overdose often leads to a stroke or heart attack. An ER doctor will test for those conditions and try to treat them first. He may also use medication to treat other complications you have. |
b06db62fff70a4bd29bb06053217d727 | What are the signs of a cocaine overdose? | Physical signs include: Increased sweating, body temperature, or heart rate Trouble breathing Chest pain Nausea or vomiting Confusion, seizures, tremors Watch for these mental signs of overdose, too: Anxiety Panic Paranoia Hallucinations Delirium An overdose often leads to a stroke or heart attack. |
d5c8042f9a6c22c52fedd4bdb7cefcd8 | What can lead to an overdose and how can cocaine affect you? | Other short-term effects of cocaine may include: Extreme sensitivity to touch, sound, and sight Intense happiness Anger/irritability Paranoid feeling Decreased appetite People who use cocaine often may also have more serious side effects and health problems, like: Headaches Convulsions and seizures Heart disease, heart attack, and stroke Mood problems Sexual trouble Lung damage HIV or hepatitis if you inject it Bowel decay if you swallow it Loss of smell, nosebleeds, runny nose, and trouble swallowing, if you snort it You may have strong cravings for the drug and the high it brings. But the more you use cocaine, the more your brain will adapt to it. You'll need a stronger dose to feel the same high. This can lead to a dangerous addiction or overdose. Stronger, more frequent doses can also cause long-term changes in your brain's chemistry. Your body and mind begin to rely on the drug. This can make it harder for you to think, sleep, and recall things from memory. Your reaction time may be slower. And you're at risk for more heart, stomach, and lung problems. |
2976ac52b762b202cb940e3b058cbd1c | What are the short-term effects of cocaine? | Other short-term effects of cocaine may include: Extreme sensitivity to touch, sound, and sight Intense happiness Anger/irritability Paranoid feeling Decreased appetite People who use cocaine often may also have more serious side effects and health problems, like: Headaches Convulsions and seizures Heart disease, heart attack, and stroke Mood problems Sexual trouble Lung damage HIV or hepatitis if you inject it Bowel decay if you swallow it Loss of smell, nosebleeds, runny nose, and trouble swallowing, if you snort it You may have strong cravings for the drug and the high it brings. |
05ad071f96ddd25cd10710289c50428c | Are boys or girls more likely to have fragile X syndrome? | Boys are more likely to have fragile X than girls, and they have more severe symptoms. This is because girls have two copies of the X chromosome. Even if one X chromosome has the gene change, the other copy can be fine. Boys have one X and one Y chromosome. If the X chromosome has the gene change, they will have symptoms of fragile X syndrome. |
a7d38d29988dd2dcc16f3d4bafec3284 | Is fragile X syndrome different in girls than in boys? | There are several, including: Trouble learning skills like sitting, crawling, or walking Problems with language and speech Hand-flapping and not making eye contact Temper tantrums Poor impulse control Anxiety Extreme sensitivity to light or sound Hyperactivity and trouble paying attention Aggressive and self-destructive behavior in boys Some children with fragile X also have changes to their face and body that can include: A large head A long, narrow face Large ears A large forehead and chin Loose joints Flat feet Enlarged testicles (after puberty) Symptoms are usually milder in girls. While most boys with fragile X have trouble with learning and development, girls usually don't have these issues. Girls with fragile X sometimes have trouble getting pregnant when they grow up. They might also go into menopause earlier than usual. |
ca457a968dc841408bdbbc164220a853 | How can you help your child with fragile X syndrome? | Options include: Special education to help with learning ( IEP and 504 are education plans that guide the school in providing support) Speech and language therapy Occupational therapy to help with daily tasks Behavior therapy Medicines to prevent seizures, manage ADD symptoms like hyperactivity, and treat other behavioral problems The earlier you start treatment, the better. Work with your child's doctor, teachers, and therapists to make a treatment program. Your child might also qualify for free special education services. To learn more about fragile X, join a support group. Or, reach out to an organization like the National Fragile X Foundation for advice and resources. |
322c2bf5a6c8d970ce504604bd5ee040 | What causes fragile X syndrome? | This condition can also cause health problems like: Seizures Hearing problems Vision problems Heart problems The FMR1 gene, which is on the X chromosome, makes a protein called FMR that helps nerve cells talk to one another. A child needs this protein for his brain to develop normally. Children with fragile X make too little or none of it. People with this condition also have more copies than usual of a DNA segment known as CGG. In most people, this segment repeats five to 40 times. In people with fragile X, it repeats more than 200 times. The more times this DNA segment repeats, the more serious the symptoms are. This is because girls have two copies of the X chromosome. |
8fd9658a6c81161554dc5eec8b64663f | How severe is fragile X syndrome? | Medicines and other treatments can improve their behavior and physical symptoms. Boys are more likely to have fragile X than girls, and they have more severe symptoms. As the child gets older, learning and behavior problems can start. Options include: Special education to help with learning ( IEP and 504 are education plans that guide the school in providing support) Speech and language therapy Occupational therapy to help with daily tasks Behavior therapy Medicines to prevent seizures, manage ADD symptoms like hyperactivity, and treat other behavioral problems The earlier you start treatment, the better. |
318d9f4a43044dc97089f4e698bbda62 | What role does the brain play in motion sickness? | Your brain takes in all this data, and it usually comes together and makes sense. But sometimes your brain gets confusing signals. On a flying plane, for example, you feel like you're moving, but your eyes tell your brain that you don't appear to be going anywhere. The opposite is true as well. After a long sea voyage, you can stand still on dry land but still feel like you're moving. The result is the same: motion sickness. |
a45c6f024db046133ca4e2cde2ae726f | What causes motion sickness? | You get motion sickness when there are conflicts among your senses. Say you're on a ride at the fair, and it's spinning you around and upside down. Your eyes see one thing, your muscles feel another, and your inner ears sense something else. Your brain can't take in all those mixed signals. That's why you end up feeling dizzy and sick. |
e1428edf8de39283ab61c632eaca7d27 | What medications are available for motion sickness? | If you're still bothered by motion sickness, you can talk to your doctor about these: Dimenhydrinate ( Dramamine). This over-the-counter antihistamine, used to ease allergies, helps with balance, too. The first dose should be taken about an hour before traveling. More doses are taken every 4 to 6 hours. Scopolamine ( Maldemar). This is a prescription medication. Your wear a patch behind the ear. You apply it 4 hours before needed. A dose lasts 3 days. Other drugs include: Cyclizine ( Marezine, Marzine, Emoquil) Meclizine ( Antivert, Bonine) Promethazine ( Phenadoz, Phenergan, Promethegan) All have side effects, including drowsiness and dry mouth. |
6826e4473f258738d3f1c9ccc8951591 | What role do the ears play in motion sickness? | Your inner ears, in particular, help control your sense of balance. They are part of a network called the vestibular system. This system includes three pairs of semicircular canals and two sacs, called the saccule and the utricle. They send information about what's going on around you to the brain. The semicircular canals hold a fluid that moves with the turns of your head. The saccule and utricle are sensitive to gravity. They tell the brain whether you're standing up or lying down. |
3d8433eebb7eb22bcc20ef970fa7a348 | What if my motion sickness doesn't go away on its own? | But there are some simple things you can do if the motion sickness isn't going away on its own: Relax. Find something to focus on, whether it's taking deep breaths or counting backwards from 100. Closing your eyes can help, too. Look at a stable object. If you're on a boat, look at the horizon. If you're in a car, look through the windshield. Avoid alcohol. Eat lightly before travel but don't fast. Breathe fresh air -- and don't smoke. Avoid reading. If you can, get a seat over the wing if you're flying, an upper-deck cabin if you're sailing, or a front-seat spot if you're in a car. |
c391fb177e99976e644af74e6f42171a | Can I go to the doctor for motion sickness? | Motion sickness usually goes away once the journey is over. But if you're still dizzy, have a headache, continue to vomit, notice hearing loss or chest pain, call your doctor. |
67f5020402ffc66ac197f26b11531a44 | Is motion sickness a new concept? | The saccule and utricle are sensitive to gravity. The result is the same: motion sickness. If you can, get a seat over the wing if you're flying, an upper-deck cabin if you're sailing, or a front-seat spot if you're in a car. |
405a40dd17ae70af3e0e4b2a65451e0a | What are some natural remedies for motion sickness? | If you're on a boat, look at the horizon. There's some scientific proof that this root, long used as a folk remedy to fight nausea, is effective. But it may act as a blood thinner. Talk to your doctor first before you use it. Mint. Some people say that stimulating a certain point just below the wrist helps ease their nausea. |
e614c4328d78c1b21b0c7d5893753fcf | What areas of your body can get dandruff? | The condition causes little white or yellow flakes of dry skin, which rub off easily, to form on your body. The official name is âseborrheic dermatitis.â If it's on a baby's scalp, you might hear it called âcradle cap.â It usually affects your scalp, but it can happen on other parts of your body. You can have it on your forehead, the sides of your nose, your ears, or your chest. |
418aebb93e4358f8ee5c16cab3fb0ede | How can you manage severe dandruff? | Sometimes even the best anti-dandruff shampoo won't get rid of a stubborn case. Some things your dermatologist might try: She might prescribe a steroid cream that you rub onto the affected area once or twice daily. You may also need an antifungal medicine that you take by mouth or apply to your scalp or skin to get rid of the yeast. You may need to apply an oil-based medicine and leave it on your scalp overnight under a shower cap, if the problem is on your head. |
93ce91c1681b62896076b122bb6df07f | Why do teens get acne? | Acne isn't a serious health risk, though severe acne can cause permanent scars. Acne can also damage self-esteem. |
f251f6555bac4482dad3a4da8064ec19 | What are blackheads? | Blackheads: Black bumps that are impacted pores in which material pushes out through the follicles. The black color is not from dirt. It may be from bacteria, dead skin cells, and matter that react with oxygen. |
8190ed3a158f424a8ee81d88d51344dd | Can medications cause acne? | They are usually taken daily for four to six months and then tapered and discontinued as acne improves. |
cef96dcd66dde53dd0fcdc3bc5940591 | What are whiteheads? | Acne can appear as one of the following: Whiteheads: White dots that are pores impacted with oil and skin covered by skin layers. |
6ba19b1b76859a6d542c56350dd348fa | Why do some people get acne and others don't? | The exact cause of acne is not known, but hormones called androgens can play a role. Androgens increase in both boys and girls during puberty. Androgens make the skin's oil glands get larger and make more sebum. Androgens also can increase because of hormonal changes related to pregnancy or starting or stopping birth control pills. Genetics may also matter. If your parents had acne, you may have inherited that tendency. Acne is not caused by dirt. |
11fb8794c83b781c226c627c2f4a41ea | What are some tips to prevent acne? | The black color is not from dirt. It is believed to reduce the size of the oil glands so that much less oil is produced and to help prevent clogged pores. Use oil-free or noncomedogenic products (those that won't clog pores) on your face. Don't squeeze or pick blemishes. Popping pimples can drive acne bacteria deeper into the skin. Picking can lead to more inflammation and permanent scarring. |
367ddd4b6b8a501c55d5af4ef2e5dd93 | Should you call your doctor if you snore and also are sleepy during the day? | You are frequently overly sleepy and tired during the day. You could have obstructive sleep apnea, a serious condition preventing you from getting enough oxygen during sleep. |
6854ab5f1e0c40b71478a09637f45cbd | How does diclofenac help treat knee pain? | Diclofenac, another prescription NSAID, comes in a gel ( Voltaren) and as a liquid ( Pennsaid) that you put on your skin. |
9a17d9aefb61e3979d6464a0b95100c7 | How can acetaminophen help my knee pain? | Acetaminophen treats mild to moderate pain. It's in over 6,000 products, by itself and with other medicines. If you take too much, it can harm your liver. So check the label on everything you take so you don't accidentally overdose. |
13f51e1e2209d8a8e80fa4ee736730e0 | How long will it take for corticosteroids to help knee pain? | It can take about 2 to 3 days before you feel the effect. Most people can return to work or go home right after they get the shot. Some people get what's called the "steroid flare," a burst of pain in the injection area for up to 48 hours. |
4f05defa20834cf40ad6da827bb39443 | How can corticosteroids help treat knee pain? | Corticosteroids aren't the type of steroid that builds muscle. In the best cases, they can lower inflammation and relieve pain for months. You probably won't get more than two or three steroid shots per year. |
77707e75a1592f42a7e5c89419490f10 | How can capsaicin creams, gels, or patches help my knee pain? | When your pain is severe or you can't move your knee, you should call your doctor. So check the label on everything you take so you don't accidentally overdose. |
0a988651b99e7e66ab8b8e2521b5e0e8 | What are common side effects of NSAIDs? | When your pain is severe or you can't move your knee, you should call your doctor. The downside is that neither of these types of shots will help everyone. |
da3e6028c0e9b259715a7ccd9e5348df | How can hyaluronic acid help treat knee pain? | Your doctor can give you a shot into your knee, after numbing it, to deliver medicine directly to your joint. Some people who got injections of it into their knee were able to move easier and hurt less for as long as 6 months. The downside is that neither of these types of shots will help everyone. They can also cause discolored skin where you got the shot, infection, and weakened tendons, which connect muscles to bones. |
c32fddd3d487b29446ec909ccc1d3077 | What are the side effects of yohimbe? | Side effects can include: Higher blood pressure and a faster or irregular heartbeat Chest pain Breathing problems Flushed skin or a rash Tremors (rhythmic muscle movements you didn't mean to make) Pain in your genitals A painful erection that won't go away You could: Feel dizzy, nervous, worried, or cranky Get a headache Get an upset stomach or lose your appetite Have trouble sleeping The safest bet is to talk to your doctor before you start taking it. |
bd23ada9c4a03fd6fe516ec94825e2e5 | What is Friedreich's ataxia? | Friedreich ataxia: Problems related to a protein called frataxin cause nerve damage and often heart problems. |
92d614b87f329bc06352ded27080d77f | What are metal metabolism disorders? | Metal metabolism disorders: Levels of trace metals in the blood are controlled by special proteins. Inherited metabolic disorders can result in protein malfunction and toxic accumulation of metal in the body: Wilson disease (toxic copper levels accumulate in the liver, brain, and other organs) Hemochromatosis (the intestines absorb excessive iron, which builds up in the liver, pancreas, joints, and heart, causing damage) Organic acidemias: methylmalonic acidemia and propionic acidemia. |
0022a0574f1da02732e6914e800d185e | What is the cause of most inherited metabolic disorders? | The original cause of most genetic metabolic disorders is a gene mutation that occurred many, many generations ago. The gene mutation is passed along through the generations, ensuring its preservation. |
0b0646fce94037bc1b4e3bcc29d99689 | What are the symptoms of an inherited metabolic disorder? | Urea cycle disorders: ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency and citrullinemia The symptoms of genetic metabolic disorders vary widely depending on the metabolism problem present. Some symptoms of inherited metabolic disorders include: Lethargy Poor appetite Abdominal pain Vomiting Weight loss Jaundice Failure to gain weight or grow Developmental delay Seizures Coma Abnormal odor of urine, breath, sweat, or saliva The symptoms may come on suddenly or progress slowly. |
47f299201c7ca00b3b335209d099e4a4 | How many people have inherited metabolic disorders? | Considered all together, inherited metabolic disorders may affect about 1 in 1,000 to 2,500 newborns. |
586163d2ee9420bb29213c195cf2501c | What are lysosomes? | Some of the more common and important genetic metabolic disorders include: Lysosomal storage disorders : Lysosomes are spaces inside cells that break down waste products of metabolism. Various enzyme deficiencies inside lysosomes can result in buildup of toxic substances, causing metabolic disorders including: Hurler syndrome (abnormal bone structure and developmental delay) Niemann- Pick disease (babies develop liver enlargement, difficulty feeding, and nerve damage) Tay- Sachs disease (progressive weakness in a months-old child, progressing to severe nerve damage; the child usually lives only until age 4 or 5) Gaucher disease (bone pain, enlarged liver, and low platelet counts, often mild, in children or adults) Fabry disease (pain in the extremities in childhood, with kidney and heart disease and strokes in adulthood; only males are affected) Krabbe disease (progressive nerve damage, developmental delay in young children; occasionally adults are affected) Galactosemia: Impaired breakdown of the sugar galactose leads to jaundice, vomiting, and liver enlargement after breast or formula feeding by a newborn. |
d8dc14cf8709d9494fa4038fcf89b58d | What is maple syrup urine disease? | Maple syrup urine disease: Deficiency of an enzyme called BCKD causes buildup of amino acids in the body. Nerve damage results, and the urine smells like syrup. |
dc80ad565c2412ad220cacfd7c3749cd | What happens if the sugar galactose isn't broken down right in a newborn? | Various enzyme deficiencies inside lysosomes can result in buildup of toxic substances, causing metabolic disorders including: Hurler syndrome (abnormal bone structure and developmental delay) Niemann- Pick disease (babies develop liver enlargement, difficulty feeding, and nerve damage) Tay- Sachs disease (progressive weakness in a months-old child, progressing to severe nerve damage; the child usually lives only until age 4 or 5) Gaucher disease (bone pain, enlarged liver, and low platelet counts, often mild, in children or adults) Fabry disease (pain in the extremities in childhood, with kidney and heart disease and strokes in adulthood; only males are affected) Krabbe disease (progressive nerve damage, developmental delay in young children; occasionally adults are affected) Galactosemia: Impaired breakdown of the sugar galactose leads to jaundice, vomiting, and liver enlargement after breast or formula feeding by a newborn. |
11f72b7c669d2220e503efb9b92738d9 | What is the meaning of metabolism? | !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Metabolism refers to all the chemical reactions taking place in the body to convert or use energy. A few major examples of metabolism include: Breaking down the carbohydrates, proteins, and fats in food to release energy. Transforming excess nitrogen into waste products excreted in urine. Breaking down or converting chemicals into other substances and transporting them inside cells. |
37295bf6c8492381e954d2b0a7eb1880 | What are treatments for inherited metabolic disorders? | Treatment may include such measures as: Special diets that eliminate certain nutrients Taking enzyme replacements, or other supplements that support metabolism Treating the blood with chemicals to detoxify dangerous metabolic by-products Whenever possible, a person with an inherited metabolic disorder should receive care at a medical center with experience with these rare conditions. |
88c236246732856fa7d6fb7aa3f4741c | What are inherited metabolic disorders? | Metabolism is an organized but chaotic chemical assembly line. Raw materials, half-finished products, and waste materials are constantly being used, produced, transported, and excreted. The "workers" on the assembly line are enzymes and other proteins that make chemical reactions happen. In most inherited metabolic disorders, a single enzyme is either not produced by the body at all or is produced in a form that doesn't work. The missing enzyme is like an absentee worker on the assembly line. Depending on that enzyme's job, its absence means toxic chemicals may build up, or an essential product may not be produced. |
59fb30360de42722c07606e050736233 | What are peroxisomal disorders? | Peroxisomal disorders: Similar to lysosomes, peroxisomes are tiny spaces filled with enzymes inside cells. Poor enzyme function inside peroxisomes can lead to buildup of toxic products of metabolism. Peroxisomal disorders include: Zellweger syndrome (abnormal facial features, enlarged liver, and nerve damage in infants) Adrenoleukodystrophy (symptoms of nerve damage can develop in childhood or early adulthood depending on the form.) |
f8e3e213526a66faf8e152229e275d34 | How do you care for bonded teeth? | Bonded teeth do not require special care. Simply follow good oral hygiene practices. Brush teeth at least twice a day, floss at least once a day, rinse with an antiseptic mouthwash once or twice a day, and see your dentist for regular professional check-ups and cleanings. Because bonding material can chip, it is important to avoid such habits as biting fingernails; chewing on pens, ice, or other hard food objects; or using your bonded teeth as an opener. |
5fe7397c921a2fe331dfe2c15ba38c7c | How long does bonding material last? | The lifespan of bonding materials for the teeth depends on how much bonding was done and your oral habits. Typically, however, bonding material lasts from three years up to about 10 years before needing to be touched up or replaced. |
4d2eaf9cad99cbc3ef07567b20b246ad | When do you get dental bonding? | Dental bonding is an option that can be considered: To repair decayed teeth (composite resins are used to fill cavities) To repair chipped or cracked teeth To improve the appearance of discolored teeth To close spaces between teeth To make teeth look longer To change the shape of teeth As a cosmetic alternative to amalgam fillings To protect a portion of the tooth's root that has been exposed when gums recede Preparation. |
c8f1267d9213f1f2841c4e326139132c | What's the procedure for having a tooth bonded? | Anesthesia is often not necessary unless the bonding is being used to fill a decayed tooth, the tooth needs to be drilled to change its shape, or the chip is near the nerve. Your dentist will use a shade guide to select a composite resin color that will closely match the color of your tooth. Next, the surface of the tooth will be roughened and a conditioning liquid applied. These procedures help the bonding material adhere to the tooth. The tooth-colored, putty-like resin is then applied, molded, and smoothed to the desired shape. A bright, usually blue, light, or laser is then used to harden the material. After the material is hardened, your dentist will further trim and shape it, and polish it to match the sheen of the rest of the tooth surface. Generally, bonding can range in cost from $100 to $400 per tooth. |
09e1967015c8dd0d456a29996a52d7ce | What findings point to further tests in a physical exam and history for Crohn's disease? | You'll probably go through a combination of exams, lab tests, and imaging studies with these goals in mind: Rule out other health problems Make a clear diagnosis of Crohn's disease Find out exactly which part of the digestive tract is affected Your doctor will begin by gathering information about your health and your family health history. She'll do a physical exam and look for symptoms of Crohn's that usually include: Belly pain and cramps Blood in your poop Diarrhea Drainage from a painful sore near your anus Fatigue Fever Lack of appetite Mouth sores Urgent bowel movements Weight loss Your doctor may request lab tests in order to look for problems that might be linked to Crohn's disease. |
4ae65cfe0a5a8f8a453a5fe54d4be873 | How are lab tests used to diagnose Crohn's disease? | She'll do a physical exam and look for symptoms of Crohn's that usually include: Belly pain and cramps Blood in your poop Diarrhea Drainage from a painful sore near your anus Fatigue Fever Lack of appetite Mouth sores Urgent bowel movements Weight loss Your doctor may request lab tests in order to look for problems that might be linked to Crohn's disease. These tests check for signs of infection, inflammation, internal bleeding, and low levels of substances such as iron, protein, or minerals. |
535c001b9213e1162f1aa4bd461acec5 | How is barium given in the diagnosis for Crohn's disease? | When barium fluid is given by mouth, it is called an upper GI series. When barium fluid is placed in the rectum, it is called a barium enema. The barium fluid flows through your intestines and looks white on X-ray film. This makes it easier to view problem areas. With a barium X-ray, your doctor may be able to see ulcers, narrowed areas of the intestine, abnormal connections between organs, known as fistulae, or other problems. |
c0e19ac45ea51c4ce6801c7454c6bd3c | How do you know if you have Crohn's disease? | There isn't any single test that can diagnose Crohn's disease. This condition has many symptoms that are the same as those for other health problems. To make a diagnosis of Crohn's disease, your doctor is likely to gather information from multiple sources. |
5e91f8de20f342f177704c472575c6cb | What imaging studies are used to diagnose Crohn's disease? | If barium X-rays show some sign of disease, your doctor may request other X-rays or imaging studies. |
6cb95826bdac2ffe602d7ab4a5f9c8ee | How can imaging studies help with diagnosing Crohn's disease? | Crohn's disease may appear anywhere along the gastrointestinal tract, from the mouth to the rectum. X-rays and other images can help identify the severity and location of Crohn's disease. |
45ca49efe5be477f6d705aeb182fa976 | How does a video capsule endoscopy help with diagnosing Crohn's disease? | Video capsule endoscopy: For video capsule endoscopy, you swallow a small capsule or pill that holds a miniature video camera. As it travels through your small intestine, it sends images of the lining to a receiver you wear on a belt around your waist. The doctor downloads the images and reviews them on a computer. They can provide detailed information about early, mild problems associated with Crohn's disease. This technique may be especially helpful if you have symptoms of Crohn's disease that can't be seen by other small bowel tests. |
6c5cc4e61387311d15d41d29079509a5 | When do you need other tests after your barium X-ray for Crohn's disease? | If barium X-rays show some sign of disease, your doctor may request other X-rays or imaging studies. These X-rays can help identify exactly how much of your digestive tract is affected by Crohn's disease. |
38acd7b654dfffbedb562a350c0afe7a | What happens after the tests and exams for Crohn's disease? | You'll probably go through a combination of exams, lab tests, and imaging studies with these goals in mind: Rule out other health problems Make a clear diagnosis of Crohn's disease Find out exactly which part of the digestive tract is affected Your doctor will begin by gathering information about your health and your family health history. You should avoid it if: You have an obstruction in the small intestine. |
5e9de5f9ff2a965605a11e39a8bb2b30 | What happens during a colonoscopy or a sigmoidoscopy for Crohn's disease? | He'll inflate them and deflate the balloons to move the tube through your intestine. Colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy: Colonoscopy and sigmoidoscopy allow your doctor to directly view the large intestine, which is the lower part of the digestive tract. A colonoscopy can provide a view of all of the large intestine and often the end of the small intestine, which is frequently affected by Crohn's. In either case, the doctor can directly view the colon to check for signs of ulcers, inflammation, or bleeding. The doctor can also take small samples of tissue to examine under a microscope, known as a biopsy. This helps determine whether the tissue shows signs of Crohn's disease or other problems.\ Computed tomography ( CT) scan: CT scanning uses computer-aided X-ray techniques to make more detailed images of the abdomen and pelvis than can be seen in traditional X-rays. |
ce463c579ddf6a299dedc889eddf5b21 | What are the goals of tests and exams to diagnose Crohn's disease? | To make a diagnosis of Crohn's disease, your doctor is likely to gather information from multiple sources. You'll probably go through a combination of exams, lab tests, and imaging studies with these goals in mind: Rule out other health problems Make a clear diagnosis of Crohn's disease Find out exactly which part of the digestive tract is affected Your doctor will begin by gathering information about your health and your family health history. These X-rays can help identify exactly how much of your digestive tract is affected by Crohn's disease. |
414b90dd423486c16824ae7558991c3b | How is fibromyalgia treated? | Depending on your symptoms, your doctor may prescribe pain relievers, antidepressants, muscle relaxers, and drugs that help you sleep. The three drugs approved specifically for fibro pain are: Duloxetine ( Cymbalta) Milnacipran ( Savella) Pregabalin ( Lyrica) Over-the-counter painkillers may help, too. Stronger medicines, like opioids, tend not to work well in the long run, and you could become dependent on them. |
0ce16a0a740bf08705fa630b78cfe75b | What is fibromyalgia? | Fibromyalgia is the second most common condition affecting your bones and muscles. But a combination of medication, exercise, managing your stress, and healthy habits may ease your symptoms enough that you can live a normal, active life. Depending on your symptoms, your doctor may prescribe pain relievers, antidepressants, muscle relaxers, and drugs that help you sleep. |
da47be237f830d1c0c366688755d5a1c | What causes fibromyalgia? | We do know certain things suggest you're more likely to get it: You're a woman. You have another painful disease, such as arthritis, or an infection. You have a mood disorder, like anxiety or depression. You were physically or emotionally abused or have PTSD. You rarely exercise. Other family members have it. If your doctor can't find another reason for how you feel, they'll use a two-part scoring system to measure how widespread your pain has been and how much your symptoms affect your daily life. |
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