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2378f4aa285ba5514f29c3baff1f6bb4 | What is an emergency medical identification? | Emergency medical identification: Cards, bracelets, or necklaces with a written message, used by people with diabetes or other medical problems to alert others in case of a medical emergency, such as coma. |
ce74a22ac5be6e8f4579c718e0e405f1 | What is the dawn phenomenon? | Dawn phenomenon: A rise in blood sugar levels in the early morning hours. |
c43cfdca871a26defb62d28036ad2996 | What is urine testing? | Urine testing: Checking urine to see if it contains ketones; if you have type 1 diabetes, are pregnant and have diabetes, or have gestational diabetes, your doctor may ask you to check your urine for ketones. This is an easy test done at home with a dipstick measure. |
9a4f831656e1a210ed48ec618341f4d9 | What does a mixed dose mean for diabetics? | Mixed dose: A prescribed dose of insulin in which two types of insulin are combined and injected at once; a mixed dose commonly combines a fast-acting and longer-acting insulin. A mixed dose can either come in a pre-mixed syringe or mixed at the time of injection. A mixed dose may be prescribed to provide better blood sugar control. |
c150ac841ce488ade781a20afd77166c | What does gangrene mean? | Gangrene: The death of body tissues, usually due to a lack of blood supply, especially in the legs and feet. |
d94a453b2c5b0a7070e5713ea039dd63 | What is a jet injector for diabetes? | Jet injector: A device that uses high pressure to push insulin through the skin and into the tissue. |
51fa81ef5084bddcd34205e130778279 | What is a calorie? | Calorie: Energy that comes from food; some foods have more calories than others. Fats have more calories than proteins and carbohydrate. |
e1e54c7c6deb57121e152bb2d83c34f0 | What is a glycated hemoglobin test (HbA1c)? | Glycated hemoglobin test ( Hb A1c): This is an important blood test to determine how well you are managing your diabetes; hemoglobin is a substance in red blood cells that carries oxygen to tissues. It can also attach to sugar in the blood, forming a substance called glycated hemoglobin or a Hemoglobin A1 C. The test provides an average blood sugar measurement over a 6- to 12-week period and is used in conjunction with home glucose monitoring to make treatment adjustments. The ideal range for people with diabetes is generally less than 7%. This test can also be used to diagnose diabetes when the Hb A1c level is equal to or greater than 6.5%. |
887ae3e158b55d3310873788d63fa599 | What is protein? | Protein: One of three main classes of food; proteins are made of amino acids, which are called the "building blocks of the cells." Cells need protein to grow and to mend themselves. Protein is found in many foods, like meat, fish, poultry, eggs, legumes, and dairy products. |
fbd5fdb296f2f850d9ad0d9686da0deb | What is an urologist? | Urologist: A doctor who specializes in treatment of the urinary tract for men and women, as well as treatment of the genital organs for males. |
be16f3b7b885ec7d2858cd21bfb6a88a | What is a lipid? | Lipid: Another term for a fat or fat-like substance in the blood; the body stores fat as energy for future use, just like a car that has a reserve fuel tank. When the body needs energy, it can break down lipids into fatty acids and burn them like glucose. Excess amounts of fats in the diet can cause fat buildup in the walls of the arteries -- called "atherosclerosis." Excess amounts of calories from fats or other nutrients can lead to an increase in weight gain. |
7bfd4b11f507c5d8bad0100ac503cdbf | What is blood glucose monitoring or testing? | Blood glucose monitoring or testing: A method of testing how much sugar is in your blood; home blood-glucose monitoring involves pricking your finger with a lancing device, putting a drop of blood on a test strip and inserting the test strip into a blood-glucose-testing meter that displays your blood glucose level. Blood-sugar testing can also be done in the laboratory. Blood-glucose monitoring is recommended three or four times a day for people with insulin-dependent diabetes. Depending on the situation, glucose checks before meals, two hours after meals, at bedtime, in the middle of the night, and before and after exercise, may be recommended. Home blood glucose monitoring: A way in which a person can test how much sugar is in the blood; also called "self-monitoring of blood glucose." |
7ec5cbd4695b4e85a0a45246bbf08fe1 | What is an antidiabetic agent? | Antidiabetic agent: A substance that helps people with diabetes control the level of sugar in their blood (see insulin, oral diabetes medication). Oral diabetes medications: Medications that people take to lower the level of sugar in the blood; oral diabetes medications are prescribed for people whose pancreas still produces some insulin. |
0717431741888315e4bd4817a7eb5bd3 | What is albuminuria? | Albuminuria: When kidneys become damaged, they start to leak protein in the urine. Albumin is a small, abundant protein in the blood that passes through the kidney filter into the urine easier than other proteins. Albuminuria occurs in about 30%-45% of people who have had type 1 diabetes for at least 10 years. In people newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, the kidneys may already show signs of small amounts of protein spillage, called "microalbuminuria." This may be from the result of diabetes or from other diseases seen in conjunction with diabetes, like high blood pressure. Protein in the urine increases the risk of developing end-stage kidney disease. It also means that the person is at a particularly high risk for the development of cardiovascular disease. These lumps or indentations are called "lipodystrophies." |
646a2137306662f675c92410cb56efe8 | What is peripheral vascular disease (PVD)? | People who have had diabetes for a long time may develop nephropathy. Peripheral vascular disease ( PVD): An abnormal condition that affects the blood vessels outside the heart, usually the hands and feet; often occurs as a result of decreased blood flow and narrowing of the arteries from atherosclerosis; people who have had diabetes for a long time may develop PVD. |
47f7eccb8002d06178052294761cb68b | What is home blood glucose monitoring? | Home blood glucose monitoring: A way in which a person can test how much sugar is in the blood; also called "self-monitoring of blood glucose." Home glucose monitoring tests whole blood (plasma and blood cell components); thus, the results can be different from lab values, which test plasma values of glucose. Typically, the lab plasma values can be higher than the glucose checks done at home with a glucose monitor. Self-blood glucose monitoring: See home blood glucose monitoring. |
2234938c5afd72f2012048e82f80a7a4 | What is peripheral vascular disease? | People who have had diabetes for a long time may develop nephropathy. Peripheral vascular disease ( PVD): An abnormal condition that affects the blood vessels outside the heart, usually the hands and feet; often occurs as a result of decreased blood flow and narrowing of the arteries from atherosclerosis; people who have had diabetes for a long time may develop PVD. |
58befc152f70a493f403e92998e20255 | What is a lancet? | Lancet: A fine, sharp pointed needle for pricking the skin; used in blood sugar monitoring. Self-blood glucose monitoring: See home blood glucose monitoring. |
cdeb5ea22ef02a6f8d098c1d845beb7b | What is diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)? | Diabetic ketoacidosis ( DKA): A severe, life-threatening condition that results from hyperglycemia (high blood sugar), dehydration, and acid buildup that needs emergency fluid and insulin treatment; DKA happens when there is not enough insulin and cells become starved for sugars. An alternative source of energy called ketones becomes activated. A large amount of ketones in your system can lead to a serious condition called ketoacidosis. |
6e5bc843090b2e1f3c928c63ad9522e3 | What is a glucose tolerance test? | Fasting plasma glucose test ( FPG): The preferred method of screening for diabetes; the FPG measures a person's blood sugar level after fasting or not eating anything for at least 8 hours. Glucose tolerance test: A test to determine if a person has diabetes; the test is done in a lab or doctor's office in the morning before the person has eaten. First, a sample of blood is taken in the fasting state. Then the person drinks a liquid that has sugar in it. Two hours later, a second blood test is done. A fasting blood sugar equal to or greater than 126 mg/dl is considered diabetes. If the two-hour test result shows a blood sugar equal to or greater than 200 mg/dl, the person is considered to have diabetes. A two-hour blood glucose between 140 mg/dl and 199 mg/dl is classified as impaired glucose tolerance. |
35b90e907f2f8d0568d3ba157625a6e0 | What is type 2 diabetes? | Diabetes: See type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes: A type of diabetes in which the insulin produced is either not enough or the person's body does not respond normally to the amount present; therefore, glucose in the blood cannot get into the body's cells for use as energy. This results in an increase in the level of glucose (sugar) in the blood. |
8fc13993507d3c53519825282b783e97 | What are focal seizures? | Focal seizures are different. They're less intense and usually last no more than a minute or two. Part of their body, like an arm, might get stiff or go floppy. You may see repeated, rhythmic, or jerking movements in one place or that spread to different body parts. The person could zone out or stare at nothing. They may or may not realize what's happening but can't control it. When it's over, they won't remember a thing. |
54ab9b81ddbf6e72578a2f53777fcff8 | When should you call 911 for someone having a seizure? | Get medical help when: It's a child's first seizure. The seizure lasts longer than 5 minutes. Another seizure begins soon after the first. The person doesn't "wake up" after the movements have stopped. The person was injured during the seizure. If you're concerned that something else may be wrong, or the person has another medical condition such as heart disease or diabetes, call a doctor. |
e4db081dd887fcbd18c26cb042ca7685 | What can you do for someone having a generalized tonic-clonic seizure? | It's all about taking precautions. For someone having a generalized tonic-clonic seizure: Give them room. Keep other people back. Clear hard or sharp objects, like glasses and furniture, away. Cushion their head. Loosen clothing around their neck, if you can safely. Don't try to hold them down or stop their movements. Don't put anything in their mouth. Contrary to popular myth, you can't swallow your tongue during a seizure. But putting something in their mouth could damage their teeth, or they might bite you. If their head isn't moving, turn it to one side. Look at your watch at the start of the seizure, so you can time its length. Remember, this probably isn't an emergency, although it may look like one. After the jerking stops, gently place them on their side, to help keep their airway clear. |
2a01e9d3f0b8001b5dc11c66f5ebf94a | What can you do for someone having a mild seizure? | They're frightening to watch, and someone who has one rarely knows or remembers what's happening. They won't answer if you talk to them. Clear hard or sharp objects, like glasses and furniture, away. Reassure them and explain what they missed if they're confused or frightened. Don't give them anything to drink or eat until they've completely recovered. |
9727ea4e8cf7bb9a18fae9650c865d97 | Do atherectomies work as well as bypass surgery for treating atherosclerosis? | These procedures have good commonsense appeal, but they don't work as well as stenting or bypass surgery. They are rarely used, and only in special cases. Usually, atherectomy is used to improve the success of placing a stent. |
33f78bb8be1390c60d8898e53ba5385e | What medicines might your doctor recommend after you get surgery to open blocked arteries? | After stenting or coronary bypass surgery, most people should take a daily regimen of anti-atherosclerosis medication that includes: A statin, to lower cholesterol levels An aspirin, to prevent blood clots Plavix (clopidogrel), Effient (prasugrel), or Brilinta (ticagrelor) also work to prevent clots, especially if a stent was placed. They are normally taken for one month up to a year depending on the type of stent. Blood pressure drugs, especially beta-blockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme ( ACE) inhibitors Also important are three lifestyle habits proven to reduce heart disease: Exercise 30 minutes most days of the week Eat 5 servings of fruits and vegetables daily Most of all, don't smoke |
f6b7d77a9c6e96fc4355b2ae8da0a0f5 | What are the two types of atherectomies for arteries blocked by atherosclerosis? | The particles dissipate without causing major damage. Directional atherectomy: A rotating blade cuts slices of plaque, which are captured by the catheter and removed from the body. |
077d1ec57b5c0e6224069e4d40a527f3 | What is a stent and how is it used during an angioplasty for treating advanced atherosclerosis? | A stent is a tiny cylinder of wire mesh. During an angioplasty, a balloon on the catheter tip is inflated inside a blockage to open it. Stents can be placed during this process and are left behind once the balloon and catheter are removed. Stents can relieve chronic symptoms of chest pain (angina), or reopen a blocked artery during a heart attack. Coronary angioplasty with stenting has a low complication rate. The recovery time is often less than one day. |
6c84aa83b06a6bc74a77693dc4639324 | What is coronary bypass surgery for treating advanced atherosclerosis? | In an angioplasty, a doctor first introduces a catheter (a narrow tube) into an artery in the leg or arm. He or she sews this healthy vessel onto the coronary artery, rerouting blood around the clogged artery. Coronary artery bypass surgery -- or CABG (pronounced "cabbage") -- is the most commonly performed bypass surgery. CABG can provide relief from chest pain caused by atherosclerosis. Bypass surgery also leads to increased survival in people with diabetes or with multiple or severely blocked coronary arteries. |
87d432a5e0d25c8220a2f3973a4bfa30 | How do you treat advanced atherosclerosis? | Narrowed arteries can frequently be reopened with one of two treatments: stenting or bypass surgery. Because these atherosclerosis treatments come with risks, they are typically reserved for emergencies or when medications fail. Which is the better treatment for the late stages of atherosclerosis -- stents or bypass surgery? Sometimes treatment with drugs can't control chronic chest pain. |
11523fde9ebde79ab6b4053a9905adf6 | Are there alternative therapies for essential tremor? | Currently, there is no evidence that alternative treatments are beneficial in treating Essential Tremor. Patients who have tremors that worsen with emotional stress may find relaxation therapies helpful at temporarily easing symptoms. Some herbal supplements may make tremor worse. Always consult your doctor before trying any alternative therapy. |
b091a09943d7861ee7e0bc2ec6a51e6c | What should you tell your doctor about before taking Mysoline? | Before taking Mysoline, be sure to tell your doctor if you: Are pregnant or nursing Are taking any medications ( Mysoline may interact with several different types of drugs.) Have kidney or liver problems Have blood count problems In addition, you should avoid alcoholic beverages while taking Mysoline. Do not stop taking the drug suddenly or switch brands without first consulting with your health care provider. |
eada3bbe755ce5d02e238628e645ec74 | How is Neurontin used in treating essential tremor? | Experts use Neurontin for short-term treatment of Essential Tremor affecting the hands, although it is not known how the drug works. In most cases, it is not used in conjunction with other drugs. Side effects of Neurontin are rare but include: Sedation Walking difficulties Irritability Weight gain Some people with Essential Tremor report symptom relief after drinking a glass of wine or a cocktail. |
21be7127d2addacf0de99a8de93a7fd8 | What is Mysoline for essential tremor? | Primidone ( Mysoline) is an anti-seizure drug that is also effective for treating essential tremor. It is most useful for people with hand tremor. |
b7eabc84853bfcc56c2053a773661ed5 | What can benzodiazepines do to help essential tremor? | Benzodiazepines ( Ativan, Klonopin, Valium, and Xanax) may help people whose Essential Tremor is not improved by other drugs. These drugs appear to relieve tremors associated with emotional stress or anxiety. Side effects of benzodiazepines include confusion, memory loss, and sedation. For most people this is not a good long-term solution. |
e1b15a766b76b2e23a4440b8d639f9eb | Why are drug treatments used for essential tremor? | Topiramate ( Topamax), another drug used to treat epilepsy and migraine, helps some people. With the use of medication, people with essential tremor may see improvement in their ability to control their tremor and improvement in activities such as drinking from a cup or using food utensils. More specialized motor functions, such as being able to thread a needle, may still be too difficult. However, for most people, essential tremor is not disabling. For most people this is not a good long-term solution. |
66bffe362f505e1f34df62f56b987bd6 | What is Topiramate (Topamax)? | Topiramate ( Topamax), another drug used to treat epilepsy and migraine, helps some people. It is most useful for people with hand tremor. It is important to start with a very low dose and slowly increase the dose to avoid sleepiness. Many patients may experience a feeling of mental dullness or drowsiness and should consult with their doctor about adjusting the dose. As many as 30% to 40% of people do not tolerate this drug in higher doses. |
d41c0050dd9dc35a3e4c6e9e8f81f2fd | How can I prevent tonsillitis? | Hand washing remains crucial in preventing the spread of viruses and bacteria that cause tonsillitis. Avoid prolonged contact with anyone who has strep throat and has not been taking antibiotics for at least 24 hours. To be certain, avoid people who have been ill until such time as you are sure they no longer are. |
894d43932cebcc8770878a437869f63d | Why do people get tonsillectomy? | In the last 30 years, although tonsillectomy is frequently performed for recurrent infections, the most common reason for removing tonsils is tonsil-enlargement (hypertrophy) causing obstructive symptoms such as snoring, sleep apnea, and difficulty swallowing. |
389af3a21ec885c6e8aae82898704c40 | How do you know if your child's tonsillitis is due to a virus or bacteria? | Your pediatrician will examine your child's tonsils and take a throat swab to check for strep throat. The test can be done with results available during the office visit. This is the rapid strep test. If this is negative a culture is done for confirmation which takes 24-48 hours. If the throat culture is negative for bacteria, the infection is probably caused by a virus and requires only treatment for relief of symptoms. |
9d9d89a6c2e6d42a6dd857abee14d13b | How can you move your body to help with ADHD? | Move your body: Exercise is good for everyone, but it can do more than improve your heart health if you have ADHD. Even a little regular exercise can ease ADHD symptoms. After you exercise, you'll feel more focused and have more energy to stay on task. Shoot for 20 to 30 minutes a day. If you work in an office, a brisk walk during lunch may be the ticket to beating your brain's afternoon slump. |
3ce8071cc1c7998063185f23ecb27d37 | How can you control clutter to help with ADHD? | Control clutter: Another way to quiet your brain is to clear your space of things you don't need. It can prevent distractions, and it can help you stay organized because you'll have fewer things to tidy up. Go paperless -- take your name off junk mailing lists and pay bills online. Get some organizational helpers like under-the-bed containers or over-the-door holders. Ask a friend to help if it seems like you're swimming in a sea of debris and you don't know where to start. |
01d8c83e1acf2e0350a6fd1f7c0a511f | How can you reward yourself to help with ADHD? | Reward yourself: Sticking to a task can be easier when there's a mood booster at the end. Before you tackle a project, decide on a reward for yourself once you're done. Positive reinforcement can help you stay the course. |
8c58d8f71d6c9a7ff3fc129f2afbd453 | How can you quiet your mind to help with ADHD? | Quiet your mind by quieting your space: When it's time to buckle down and get something done, take away the distractions. Use noise-canceling headphones to drown out sounds. Put your phone on silent. Work in a room with a door you can close. If you can do your job from home, set up the space in a way that helps you focus. |
b2ea5600049c3caabc316823f8308522 | How can you learn to say no to help with ADHD? | Learn to say no: Impulsive behavior can be a side effect of having ADHD. This means your brain might bite off more than it can handle. If you find yourself overwhelmed, try to say no to a few things. Ask yourself: Can I really get this done? Be honest with yourself and with others about what's possible and what's not. Once you get comfortable saying no, you'll be able to enjoy the things you say yes to even more. |
fe600ead5e888ed2d71af759ceb1605b | How can you be realistic about time to help with ADHD? | Be realistic about time: Your brain is wired differently than other people's, and it may take you longer to get things done. That's OK. Figure out a realistic time frame for your daily tasks -- and don't forget to build in time for breaks if you think you'll need them. |
19a376897728911ecbebfc2a99c646a1 | How can you make a schedule to help with ADHD? | Make a schedule: Choose a time that's quiet and unhurried -- maybe at night before you go to bed -- and plan out the next day, down to the task. Use a reminder app, timer, or alarm to help you stick to that schedule. Alternate things you want to do with ones you don't to help your mind stay engaged. |
b91f9ca087269fc4c9176697e8e85f11 | What is it like to have ADHD? | It can prevent distractions, and it can help you stay organized because you'll have fewer things to tidy up. Even a little regular exercise can ease ADHD symptoms. |
24d06f666f1f426fdb216dd7e76f547e | What does what you eat when working out depend on if you have type 2 diabetes? | What to eat depends on a few things: How high your blood sugar is before you work out How long you'll be at it What time of day you plan to do it How your body reacts to exercise Check your blood sugar. |
da1a669fe1eb72eeb712e4de9e00d569 | When is the best time to eat after working out if I have diabetes? | Even if you don't need a snack right after you work out, you'll still need to build your energy back to help your muscles recover. The best time to eat is between 30 minutes and 2 hours after you're done. |
fd73560f98b1997408213eb5520399eb | What should you eat if you plan on working out for at least an hour if you have diabetes? | These snacks offer 15 grams of carbs with little prep time: 1 small piece of fresh fruit (4 ounces) 1 slice of bread (1 ounce) or 1 (6-inch) tortilla 1/2 cup of oatmeal 2/3 cup of plain fat-free yogurt or sweetened with sugar substitutes These have 30 grams of carbs: 1/2 peanut butter sandwich (1 slice whole wheat bread with 1 tablespoon peanut butter) and 1 cup milk 1 English muffin and 1 teaspoon low-fat margarine 3/4 cup whole grain, ready-to-eat cereal and 1/2 cup fat-free milk If your reading is below 150 mg/dl and you plan to work out for at least an hour, choose something with protein. These choices have it and less than 5 grams of carbs each: 15 almonds 1 tablespoon peanut butter 1 hard-boiled egg 1 piece of string cheese Many people with diabetes find that snacks with a ratio of 3 grams of carbs to 1 gram of protein work well. |
67a7b00abe1c14210dff69b4b9d0d579 | Should I eat protein before working out if I have diabetes? | These snacks offer 15 grams of carbs with little prep time: 1 small piece of fresh fruit (4 ounces) 1 slice of bread (1 ounce) or 1 (6-inch) tortilla 1/2 cup of oatmeal 2/3 cup of plain fat-free yogurt or sweetened with sugar substitutes These have 30 grams of carbs: 1/2 peanut butter sandwich (1 slice whole wheat bread with 1 tablespoon peanut butter) and 1 cup milk 1 English muffin and 1 teaspoon low-fat margarine 3/4 cup whole grain, ready-to-eat cereal and 1/2 cup fat-free milk If your reading is below 150 mg/dl and you plan to work out for at least an hour, choose something with protein. These choices have it and less than 5 grams of carbs each: 15 almonds 1 tablespoon peanut butter 1 hard-boiled egg 1 piece of string cheese Many people with diabetes find that snacks with a ratio of 3 grams of carbs to 1 gram of protein work well. There's no need to take a protein supplement. Your food has enough. |
61fc19a807c0384cd5bc583b57fc699d | Is it normal for my blood sugar to still be low for up to 24 hours after exercise? | Your sugar level can drop for up to 24 hours after moderate or intense exercise. If it's still below 100 mg/dl at bedtime, double up on your snack. If you take insulin, ask your doctor if it's OK to lower your dose at bedtime. |
cce315021e092c19ebee25cdb8616bc9 | How do I know what I should eat before or after working out if I have diabetes? | What to eat depends on a few things: How high your blood sugar is before you work out How long you'll be at it What time of day you plan to do it How your body reacts to exercise Check your blood sugar. |
266da52ad996c744992d33d78d4aaf06 | What should you eat when you work out if you have type 2 diabetes? | You'll need to fuel up the right way before, during, and after you work out. If you can manage your diabetes with diet and exercise alone, you don't need a pre-workout snack any more than someone without the disease. But if you take insulin or a drug that pushes your pancreas to make it, you might have to think before you snack. |
4943fb86257b2f738002b044f0ac4395 | How can I prepare for long exercise sessions if I have diabetes? | If you take insulin or diabetes meds, ask your doctor if you need to make adjustments for exercise. If you're going to head out for a bike trip, marathon, or day-long hike, take some snacks with you. Food may not be easy to carry around if you're in a race. Glucose gels and tablets or sports drinks can be good options. Count the carbs like you would with food. Tip: Your body will absorb carbs more quickly if they're in liquids and gels. This can come in handy if you're going full tilt. |
909b8871d89698ba073cc671d9b83a34 | What are easy snacks with 30 grams of carbs? | These snacks offer 15 grams of carbs with little prep time: 1 small piece of fresh fruit (4 ounces) 1 slice of bread (1 ounce) or 1 (6-inch) tortilla 1/2 cup of oatmeal 2/3 cup of plain fat-free yogurt or sweetened with sugar substitutes These have 30 grams of carbs: 1/2 peanut butter sandwich (1 slice whole wheat bread with 1 tablespoon peanut butter) and 1 cup milk 1 English muffin and 1 teaspoon low-fat margarine 3/4 cup whole grain, ready-to-eat cereal and 1/2 cup fat-free milk If your reading is below 150 mg/dl and you plan to work out for at least an hour, choose something with protein. |
c0892ab61ebda9dd48a1a379957aab0b | What should you do after you work out if you have type 2 diabetes? | If your next regularly scheduled meal or snack is 30-60 minutes later, 15 grams of carbs should hold you. If your next meal or snack is more than an hour away, have about 15 grams of carbs and 7 or 8 grams of protein. Your sugar level can drop for up to 24 hours after moderate or intense exercise. If it's still below 100 mg/dl at bedtime, double up on your snack. If you take insulin, ask your doctor if it's OK to lower your dose at bedtime. Even if you don't need a snack right after you work out, you'll still need to build your energy back to help your muscles recover. The best time to eat is between 30 minutes and 2 hours after you're done. |
fe1dc8c2dca082dd01a00b0ceedb737a | Which snacks have 13 grams of carbs if you have diabetes? | These snacks offer 15 grams of carbs with little prep time: 1 small piece of fresh fruit (4 ounces) 1 slice of bread (1 ounce) or 1 (6-inch) tortilla 1/2 cup of oatmeal 2/3 cup of plain fat-free yogurt or sweetened with sugar substitutes These have 30 grams of carbs: 1/2 peanut butter sandwich (1 slice whole wheat bread with 1 tablespoon peanut butter) and 1 cup milk 1 English muffin and 1 teaspoon low-fat margarine 3/4 cup whole grain, ready-to-eat cereal and 1/2 cup fat-free milk If your reading is below 150 mg/dl and you plan to work out for at least an hour, choose something with protein. |
fa4cdc095e55b6ec4c83822a89cb5649 | How do you know what to eat before you work out if you have type 2 diabetes? | If your reading is between 200 and 300 mg/dl and you've already eaten at least once that day, you probably don't need to eat anything. But you do need to check for ketones if it's over 250. Your body makes them when it burns fat for fuel instead of sugar. Don't exercise if you have them. If your reading is over 300, ask your doctor if exercise is OK. Otherwise, grab a snack with 15-30 grams of carbs. The lower your blood sugar is before you start and the longer you plan to work out, the larger your snack should be, up to 30 grams of carbs. You'll probably have to try a few options and amounts to see what works best. Check your blood sugar every hour. |
0ebf8c7ad7f569cdb3e0bb69469845eb | Do I need to eat certain things before working out if I have diabetes? | You'll need to fuel up the right way before, during, and after you work out. If you can manage your diabetes with diet and exercise alone, you don't need a pre-workout snack any more than someone without the disease. But if you take insulin or a drug that pushes your pancreas to make it, you might have to think before you snack. If you take insulin or diabetes meds, ask your doctor if you need to make adjustments for exercise. |
433e08b813aa9cc07540926a72d4fcde | What should you do if you work out in the morning and have diabetes? | What to eat depends on a few things: How high your blood sugar is before you work out How long you'll be at it What time of day you plan to do it How your body reacts to exercise Check your blood sugar. Exercising on an empty stomach in the morning can raise it. But food sends a signal to your pancreas to make insulin, which keeps it at a safe level. If you take insulin or diabetes meds, ask your doctor if you need to make adjustments for exercise. |
ed4bac94a6b71977c71be0daab8f7ded | How often should I check my blood sugar during a long exercise session? | What to eat depends on a few things: How high your blood sugar is before you work out How long you'll be at it What time of day you plan to do it How your body reacts to exercise Check your blood sugar. How many carbs your snacks should have depends on how much longer you plan to exercise and what your reading says. The idea is to eat enough carbs to keep you from having a low reading or just plain conking out, but not so many that your levels spike. It may take a few tries to figure out the right balance. |
4d913ff22addc994c70ad37ceed498d0 | What do my blood sugar levels indicate regarding exercise? | If your reading is between 200 and 300 mg/dl and you've already eaten at least once that day, you probably don't need to eat anything. But you do need to check for ketones if it's over 250. Your body makes them when it burns fat for fuel instead of sugar. Don't exercise if you have them. If your reading is over 300, ask your doctor if exercise is OK. Check your blood sugar every hour. |
13976229b3742953065e89c663b0e12d | Who are physical therapists and what kind of pain do they treat? | Physical Therapists What they treat: These professionals work with people recovering from injury or surgery. Physical therapists may use massage, stretching, heat, ice, and exercise to help ease your pain and increase your mobility. How to find one: Go to the website of the American Physical Therapy Association (apta.org). |
c5b330414ec74e839cd246fbb224d2ea | How can diabetes affect my oral health? | The good news: Good habits will help keep your mouth healthy. Diabetes can make you more likely to have cavities and fungal infections. Other potential problems include: Difficulty fighting off infections, including those that might lead to gum disease Slower healing time after dental surgery Dry mouth, called xerostomia, is common among people with diabetes. Saliva is important to oral health -- it helps wash away food particles and keep the mouth moist. When you don't produce enough moisture, bacteria thrive, tissues can get irritated and inflamed, and your teeth can be more prone to decay. |
3d35d5d44abf5ebbbd76f1c46b0b86d5 | What are ways to take care of my teeth while dealing with diabetes? | Make sure you brush at least twice a day and floss once a day. Use an antibacterial mouth rinse twice a day to help curb bacteria that can cause plaque buildup on teeth and gums. Check your mouth for inflammation or signs of bleeding gums. If you notice either, let your dentist know as soon as possible. Have your teeth professionally cleaned every 6 months, or even every 3 or 4 months. Give her the names of all prescription and over-the-counter drugs you take. Make sure your diabetes is well controlled. |
1448fa1764d037f888c3143e69d12b62 | When should I see a doctor right away about my drug allergy? | Difficulty breathing or wheezing Tightness in the throat or a feeling that the airways are closing Hoarseness or trouble speaking Swollen lips, tongue, or throat Nausea, abdominal pain, or vomiting Fast heartbeat or pulse Anxiety or dizziness Loss of consciousness Hives and trouble breathing Other symptoms of a severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) Had severe reactions in the past See a doctor immediately for these symptoms: A fast-spreading painful red or blistered area on the skin Swollen face, tongue, or lips, even without breathing difficulty or increase in swelling Top layer of skin peels off in sheets without blistering Scalded-looking raw areas of flesh Discomfort Fever Condition spreading to eyes, mouth, and genitals Call the doctor as soon as possible if the person has: Skin rash, itching, a feeling of warmth, or hives See Severe Allergic Reaction Treatment. |
2d8f59a04f925109087d9e4c87a149c7 | When should I get medical attention for a drug allergy? | Difficulty breathing or wheezing Tightness in the throat or a feeling that the airways are closing Hoarseness or trouble speaking Swollen lips, tongue, or throat Nausea, abdominal pain, or vomiting Fast heartbeat or pulse Anxiety or dizziness Loss of consciousness Hives and trouble breathing Other symptoms of a severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) Had severe reactions in the past See a doctor immediately for these symptoms: A fast-spreading painful red or blistered area on the skin Swollen face, tongue, or lips, even without breathing difficulty or increase in swelling Top layer of skin peels off in sheets without blistering Scalded-looking raw areas of flesh Discomfort Fever Condition spreading to eyes, mouth, and genitals Call the doctor as soon as possible if the person has: Skin rash, itching, a feeling of warmth, or hives See Severe Allergic Reaction Treatment. |
e4f42fd381fe500c4279bd96f20b5036 | How can I control itching caused by drug allergy? | For a mild reaction: Give an adult an over-the-counter antihistamine. Check with a doctor before giving an antihistamine to a child. Use cool compresses on the area or have the person take cool showers. Avoid strong soaps, detergents, and other chemicals. Stay in a cool room. Have the person wear loose-fitting, lightweight clothes. For a rash, apply calamine lotion. |
f1faa479f6dd8572def87e9c4b669b6f | What is different about breast cancer in younger women? | Diagnosing breast cancer in women under 40 years old is more difficult, because their breast tissue is generally denser than in older women. By the time a lump in a younger woman's breast can be felt, the cancer may be advanced. In addition, breast cancer in younger women can be aggressive and less likely to respond to treatment. Women who are diagnosed at a younger age also are more likely to have a mutated BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene. Delays in diagnosing breast cancer can cause problems. Many younger women ignore the warning signs -- such as a breast lump or unusual nipple discharge -- because they believe they're too young to get breast cancer. They may assume a lump is a harmless cyst or other growth. Some doctors may also dismiss breast lumps in young women as cysts. |
737f3a4941d66d5e6bec3fe43646d6a3 | What are the treatment options for breast cancer in younger women? | Treatment options include: Surgery: either a lumpectomy, which involves removing the tumor and some surrounding tissue, or a mastectomy, which is the removal of a breast. Radiation is generally used following a lumpectomy, and chemotherapyand hormone therapy often are recommended after surgery to help destroy any remaining cancer cells and prevent a return. Breast cancer treatment can affect your sexuality, fertility, and pregnancy. If you'd like to have children, talk to your doctor it before you begin treatment. |
7adc1e0c8373b1e2b084ec3e00595798 | How are treatment decisions for breast cancer in young women made? | Treatment decisions are made based whether or not it has spread beyond the breast, as well as the woman's general health and personal circumstances. |
4986d9f32b08a6b265d1ff13d914b993 | What puts you at risk for breast cancer? | The following put you at higher risk: A personal history of breast cancer or some noncancerous breast diseases A family history of breast cancer, particularly in a mother, daughter, or sister History of radiation treatments to the chest before age 40 Having a specific genetic defect such as BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation Getting your period before age 12 For some women, your age when you had your first child Other risk factors include heavy alcohol use, high intake of red meat, dense breasts, obesity, and race. |
30e3fdf5727751f5cc22b0fb44dc2250 | Should women under age 40 get mammograms? | In general, regular mammograms aren't recommended for women under 40 years of age, in part because breast tissue tends to be dense, making mammograms less effective. The American Cancer Society recommends women ages 40 to 44 should have a choice to start yearly screening mammograms if they would like. Women ages 45 through 54 should have a mammogram each year and those 55 years and over should continue getting mammograms every 1 to 2 years.. Most experts believe the low risk at that age doesn't justify the exposure to radiation or the cost of mammography. But mammograms may be recommended for younger women with a family history of breast cancer and other risk factors. |
9aca8718e6ea2d27ee27382ab9be88c6 | Can birth control pills affect your risk for breast cancer? | Other studies, however, show no such effect. Most experts believe the low risk at that age doesn't justify the exposure to radiation or the cost of mammography. |
dd4c39f132a4504dbcd1618bc3262f69 | What is the best way for younger women to screen for breast cancer? | But mammograms may be recommended for younger women with a family history of breast cancer and other risk factors. The American Cancer Society ( ACS) recommends that all women know how their breasts look and feel and report any changes to their doctor. The ACS states that research has not shown a clear benefit of performing regular breast self-exams. Talk with your doctor about the pros and cons of breast self-exam. Regular breast exams done at least every 3 years by your doctor are recommended for women beginning at age 20. The U. S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends screening every 2 years from ages 50 through 74 and also that the decision to start yearly screening mammograms before age 50 should be an individual one.. Talk to your doctor about when you should begin to have mammograms. For younger women, digital mammography may be an alternate to a standard mammogram. If you'd like to have children, talk to your doctor it before you begin treatment. |
35470656fcd20b6404b995025537b527 | Can young women get breast cancer? | But it can happen at any age, and it's important to be aware of your risk factors, regardless of your age. Diagnosing breast cancer in women under 40 years old is more difficult, because their breast tissue is generally denser than in older women. Expert groups don't all agree when women should start getting mammograms and you should discuss with your doctor what's right for you. |
680444fe52008ba55976b6aa57d632c0 | How do you treat periodic limb movement disorder? | Treatment does not cure the disorder but usually relieves symptoms. Treatment involves medication that either reduces the movements or helps the person sleep through the movements. |
8515a6a04875f48daf5f9a3eb9b6a309 | What is nocturnal myoclonus? | When PLMD was first described in the 1950s, it was called nocturnal myoclonus. Nocturnal means night, and myoclonus is a rapid, rhythmic contraction of a group of muscles similar to that seen in seizures. PLMD movements are not myoclonus, however, and the original name is not used today. |
4bb5d8b640df46908eaee036a7c9b299 | What causes periodic limb movement disorder? | Periodic limb movement disorder can be primary or secondary. Secondary PLMD is caused by an underlying medical problem. Primary PLMD, on the other hand, has no known cause. |
0c533c545bc961bb65dbf6ad2c814c29 | What are common medical causes of periodic limb movement disorder? | Diabetes mellitus Iron deficiency Spinal cord tumor Spinal cord injury Sleep apnea syndrome - Breathing difficulties that disrupt sleep, causing daytime sleepiness and a number of other problems Narcolepsy - A sleep disorder involving excessive sleepiness and overpowering urge to sleep during waking hours Uremia - Build-up of waste products in the blood because of poor kidney function Anemia - Low level of hemoglobin, the substance that carries oxygen in the blood Medication - Neuroleptics and other antidopaminergic agents such as Haldol, dopaminergic agents such as Sinemet (despite the fact that Sinemet is often a treatment for PLMD), or tricyclic antidepressants such as amitriptyline ( Elavil) Withdrawal from sedative medications such as barbiturates or benzodiazepines (such as Valium) The most common symptoms noted by people with PLMD are not leg movements but poor sleep and daytime sleepiness. |
228044a3065f7aec18d6b89c407905e8 | Can you cure periodic limb movement disorder? | Primary PLMD may be chronic (permanent). Many people with primary PLMD have improved nighttime sleep (remission) but experience one or more relapses over time. |
2ec18d0395c35b298459b3fffcb578af | What is periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD)? | It is the only movement disorder that occurs only during sleep, and it is sometimes called periodic leg (or limb) movements during sleep. " Periodic" refers to the fact that the movements are repetitive and rhythmic, occurring about every 20-40 seconds. PLMD is also considered a sleep disorder, because the movements often disrupt sleep and lead to daytime sleepiness. PLMD may occur with other sleep disorders. It is often linked with restless legs syndrome, but they are not the same thing. |
ecd09bba816d611c1199ba8ba85b82f1 | What medications treat periodic limb movement disorder? | Many of these are also causes of restless legs syndrome. Benzodiazepines: These drugs suppress muscle contractions. It is probably the most widely used drug to treat PLMD. Dopaminergic agents: These drugs increased the levels of an important neurotransmitter (brain chemical) called dopamine, which is important in regulating muscle movements. These medications seem to improve the condition in some people but not in others. GABA agonists: These agents inhibit release of certain neurotransmitters that stimulate muscle contractions. |
a2b11df3a29249e53649cd3081c766ef | What are symptoms of periodic limb movement disorder? | Typically the knee, ankle, and big toe joints all bend as part of the movements. In most people with PLMD, poor sleep and daytime sleepiness are the most bothersome symptoms. Many people do not link their sleep problem with leg movements. |
26fae8fbf348b27820744c3ea46f1817 | Is my stress affecting my poop? | The digestive system is especially sensitive to stress, and constipation can be one response. Whether it's for business or pleasure, travel is stressful. When it disrupts your regular routines, especially eating patterns, your pooping can get off-schedule as well. |
81802a6297d8072e346bd58327f23935 | How does pregnancy affect how I poop? | That's especially true during pregnancy, when hormone changes can easily throw off your digestive system. Add the pressure a growing baby puts on your plumbing, and it's no surprise you have trouble going. Problems with pooping are also common after childbirth. What about my age? The chance of having trouble moving your bowels goes up as you get older, so make a point to get more exercise, drink more water, and eat more fiber. |
9cacb0efe25d8d1ef39fc843ab295d81 | How can I get more fiber? | Moving your bowels regularly takes fiber -- lots of it. We're talking about 3 to 5 cups of fruits and vegetables every day. Go easy on meat and dairy and load up on produce. Just be sure you add it to your diet gradually. Skip fast and prepared foods. They may be quick and easy, but they're almost always low in fiber. |
6cea78d1bce6467913bbbc85465cc20b | How do my medications affect how I poop? | Iron or calcium supplements can cause constipation in some people. Also on the list are meds for diabetes and Parkinson's disease, plus some blood pressure treatments. Over-the-counter medications like antacids can also stop things up. |
4f795e2dcd0884740272f550efe98aeb | How do I know my diet is affecting how I poop? | You're not alone. Just be sure you add it to your diet gradually. If that doesn't help, talk to your doctor about other options to get you going or whether you can get these nutrients through your diet instead. Could it be a more serious problem? Colon trouble. |
03b41327cad982e7cc0f80df0706696c | What is the outlook for costochondritis? | Noninfectious costochondritis will go away on its own, with or without anti-inflammatory treatment. Most people will recover fully. Infectious costochondritis responds well to IV antibiotics and surgical repair, but recovery may take a long time. |
bdd2671af40a3a05261ea604783c71d2 | What tests are used to determine if an infection is causing costochondritis? | To determine if infection is the cause of chest pain, doctors will: Look for signs of infection such as redness, swelling, pus, and drainage at the site of surgery Order a more sophisticated imaging study of the chest called a gallium scan, which will show increased uptake of the radioactive material gallium in an area of infection Check the white blood cell count to see if it is elevated, a sign of infection Order a chest X-ray if pneumonia is a suspected cause of chest pain Order an ECG and other tests if a heart problem is suspected Costochondritis is a less common cause of chest pain in adults but occurs fairly frequently in people who have had cardiac surgery. |
c3c5c49de0f1374cf25c4fa3bfce6653 | How does costochondritis differ from Tietze syndrome? | Tietze syndrome is often referred to as costochondritis, but the two are distinct conditions. You can tell the difference by noting the following: Tietze syndrome is rare. It usually comes on abruptly, with chest pain radiating to your arms or shoulder and lasting several weeks. Tietze syndrome is accompanied by a localized swelling at the painful area (the junction of the ribs and breastbone). |
c5ebb4a259385bdce5738cbd1ffcf7f7 | How can you prevent costochondritis? | Costochondritis is an inflammatory process but usually has no definite cause. |
227eea38afeaf9f8fa9cd0dc44ed4483 | What are some home remedies for costochondritis? | The following home remedies may provide relief from costochondritis: Taking pain relievers such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications like ibuprofen ( Advil, Motrin) or naproxen ( Aleve) as needed Using local heat or ice to relieve pain Avoiding unnecessary exercise or activities that make the symptoms worse; avoiding contact sports until there is improvement in symptoms, and then returning to normal activities only as tolerated Doing stretching exercises Costochondritis responds to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications such as ibuprofen ( Advil or Motrin) and naproxen ( Aleve). |
59772fc2bbcc4176c2753e325033dd9e | When should you go to a hospital for costochondritis? | Call the doctor for any of the following symptoms: Trouble breathing High fever Signs of infection such as redness, pus, and increased swelling at the rib joints Continuing or worsening pain despite medication Nausea Sweating Dizziness Go to a hospital's emergency room if you have difficulty breathing or any of the following symptoms occur. These symptoms are generally not associated with costochondritis: High fever not responding to fever-reducers such as acetaminophen ( Tylenol) or ibuprofen ( Advil) Signs of infection at the tender spot, such as pus, redness, increased pain, and swelling Persistent chest pain of any type associated with nausea, sweating, left arm pain, or any generalized chest pain that is not well localized. These may be signs of a heart attack. If you are not sure what is causing your condition, always go to the emergency room. |
5e94518a5f1caf6d9ba66f0da8ea468c | How is costochondritis compared to Tietze syndrome? | Although some doctors use the terms costochondritis and Tietze syndrome interchangeably, Tietze syndrome has a sudden onset without any preceding respiratory illness or any history of minor trauma. In Tietze syndrome, there is frequently radiation of pain to arms and shoulders, as well as pain and tenderness associated with swelling at the spot that hurts. |
ac811293389e7c17d9c1bf1ae46f46a2 | When should you call the doctor for costochondritis? | Call the doctor for any of the following symptoms: Trouble breathing High fever Signs of infection such as redness, pus, and increased swelling at the rib joints Continuing or worsening pain despite medication Nausea Sweating Dizziness Go to a hospital's emergency room if you have difficulty breathing or any of the following symptoms occur. |
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