Datasets:

aakanksha19

/

pico_bigbio_processed

like 0

[ { "id": "21882", "type": "document", "text": [ "Are brand-name and generic warfarin interchangeable ? Multiple n-of-1 randomized , crossover trials . BACKGROUND Warfarin is a commonly used anticoagulant in North America . Several generic formulations have been approved , raising concern over the safety and efficacy of these products compared with brand-name Coumadin . OBJECTIVE To ensure that generic warfarin products can be safely interchanged with Coumadin . METHODS Multiple n-of-1 randomized , double-blind , crossover trials switched outpatients ( N = 7 ) between a generic warfarin formulation ( Apo-warfarin ) and Coumadin over 30 weeks . Study patients took each drug for five 3-week periods , with international normalized ratio ( INR ) measurements taken twice per period . Inter- and intrapatient differences between generic warfarin and Coumadin were compared , and overall study patient results were compared with those of a Coumadin control group . RESULTS There were no differences between warfarin products in terms of mean INR results or number of dosage adjustments required . There also was no difference in INR variation based on warfarin formulation ( p > 0.69 ) , nor was a patient and warfarin interaction found ( p > 0.81 ) . The INR results were not influenced by whether patients were maintained on Coumadin only ( control group ) or interchanged between Coumadin and generic warfarin ( p = 0.98 ) . CONCLUSIONS It appears that patients can safely and effectively switch between generic warfarin and Coumadin ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1492 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "21883", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "generic warfarin" ], "offsets": [ [ 19, 35 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21884", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Warfarin" ], "offsets": [ [ 113, 121 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21885", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Coumadin" ], "offsets": [ [ 312, 320 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21886", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "generic warfarin formulation ( Apo-warfarin )" ], "offsets": [ [ 527, 572 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21887", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Coumadin over 30 weeks" ], "offsets": [ [ 577, 599 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21888", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "warfarin" ], "offsets": [ [ 27, 35 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21889", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Coumadin" ], "offsets": [ [ 312, 320 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21890", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Coumadin" ], "offsets": [ [ 312, 320 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21891", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "generic warfarin" ], "offsets": [ [ 19, 35 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21892", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "warfarin" ], "offsets": [ [ 27, 35 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21893", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Coumadin" ], "offsets": [ [ 312, 320 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21894", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "safety" ], "offsets": [ [ 249, 255 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21895", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 260, 268 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21896", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "international normalized ratio ( INR )" ], "offsets": [ [ 663, 701 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21897", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "INR results" ], "offsets": [ [ 996, 1007 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21898", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "safely and effectively switch" ], "offsets": [ [ 1423, 1452 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21899", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "( N = 7 )" ], "offsets": [ [ 507, 516 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21900", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Study patients took each drug for five 3-week periods" ], "offsets": [ [ 602, 655 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21901", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "with international normalized ratio ( INR ) measurements taken twice per period" ], "offsets": [ [ 658, 737 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "21903", "type": "document", "text": [ "Enhancement of blood glucose lowering effect of a sulfonylurea when coadministered with an ACE inhibitor : results of a glucose-clamp study . BACKGROUND To investigate if coadministration of enalapril alters the metabolic effect of glibenclamide by employing an euglycemic glucose-clamp technique in healthy volunteers . METHODS A double-blind crossover study with nine healthy normotensive volunteers ( age 27 +/- 3 y , BMI 23.3 +/- 2.0 kg m ( -2 ) ; mean +/- SD ) -randomly assigned to a 3-day treatment of either 5 mg enalapril or placebo . In the morning of the fourth day , volunteers orally received 3.5 mg glibenclamide together with either 10 mg enalapril or placebo . Blood glucose levels of volunteers were allowed to fall by 10 % from fasting levels and were kept constant thereafter by employing a Biostator-based euglycemic glucose clamp . RESULTS Coadministration of enalapril-compared with placebo-resulted in a temporarily higher metabolic effect of glibenclamide ( AUC GIR ( 0-120 ) 229 +/- 173 vs 137 +/- 44 mg kg ( -1 ) , p < 0.01 ; mean +/- SD ) , which lasted from 120 min to 240 min after enalapril administration . In parallel , the maximal metabolic effect of glibenclamide tended to be higher with enalapril ( GIR ( max ) 5.2 +/- 1.9 vs 4.1 +/- 1.3 mg kg ( -1 ) min ( -1 ) ; p = 0.19 ) . However , the total metabolic effect of glibenclamide was almost identical between volunteers taking enalapril or placebo ( AUC GIR ( 0-600 ) 1267 +/- 334 vs 1286 +/- 249 mg kg ( -1 ) , ns ) . In contrast , serum insulin levels , C-peptide levels , and serum glibenclamide profiles were not significantly different between enalapril and placebo . CONCLUSIONS The results of this study may explain the higher incidence of hypoglycemic episodes observed in patients with type 2 diabetes when taking ACE inhibitors together with sulfonylureas or insulin . ACE inhibitors may cause a temporary increase of the insulin sensitivity , which leads to an increased risk of hypoglycemia under these conditions ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2014 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "21904", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "sulfonylurea" ], "offsets": [ [ 50, 62 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21905", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ACE inhibitor :" ], "offsets": [ [ 91, 106 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21906", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "enalapril" ], "offsets": [ [ 191, 200 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21907", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "glibenclamide" ], "offsets": [ [ 232, 245 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21908", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "5 mg enalapril" ], "offsets": [ [ 516, 530 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21909", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 534, 541 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21910", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "glibenclamide" ], "offsets": [ [ 232, 245 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21911", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "enalapril" ], "offsets": [ [ 191, 200 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21912", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 534, 541 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21913", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Biostator-based euglycemic glucose clamp" ], "offsets": [ [ 810, 850 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21914", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "enalapril-compared" ], "offsets": [ [ 881, 899 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21915", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo-resulted" ], "offsets": [ [ 905, 921 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21916", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "glibenclamide" ], "offsets": [ [ 232, 245 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21917", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "enalapril" ], "offsets": [ [ 191, 200 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21918", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "glibenclamide" ], "offsets": [ [ 232, 245 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21919", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "enalapril" ], "offsets": [ [ 191, 200 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21920", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "glibenclamide" ], "offsets": [ [ 232, 245 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21921", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "enalapril" ], "offsets": [ [ 191, 200 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21922", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 534, 541 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21923", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "glibenclamide" ], "offsets": [ [ 232, 245 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21924", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "enalapril" ], "offsets": [ [ 191, 200 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21925", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 534, 541 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21926", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ACE inhibitors" ], "offsets": [ [ 1810, 1824 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21927", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "sulfonylureas" ], "offsets": [ [ 1839, 1852 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21928", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "insulin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1526, 1533 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21929", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ACE inhibitors" ], "offsets": [ [ 1810, 1824 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21930", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Enhancement of blood glucose lowering effect" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 44 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21931", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Blood glucose levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 677, 697 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21932", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "metabolic effect of glibenclamide" ], "offsets": [ [ 212, 245 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21933", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "maximal metabolic effect of glibenclamide" ], "offsets": [ [ 1156, 1197 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21934", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "total metabolic effect of glibenclamide" ], "offsets": [ [ 1327, 1366 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21935", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "serum insulin levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 1520, 1540 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21936", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "C-peptide levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 1543, 1559 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21937", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "serum glibenclamide profiles" ], "offsets": [ [ 1566, 1594 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21938", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "hypoglycemic episodes" ], "offsets": [ [ 1734, 1755 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21939", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "insulin sensitivity" ], "offsets": [ [ 1919, 1938 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21940", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "increased risk of hypoglycemia" ], "offsets": [ [ 1959, 1989 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21941", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "age 27 +/- 3 y" ], "offsets": [ [ 404, 418 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "21943", "type": "document", "text": [ "Association between platelet activation and fibrinolysis in acute stroke patients . We aimed to evaluate platelet activation and fibrinolyis in acute atherosclerotic ischemic stroke patients to clarify the relationship between them . Plasma P-selectin antigen , tissue plasminogen activator ( tPA ) antigen and activity , and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 ( PAI-1 ) activity were determined in 60 acute atherosclerotic stroke patients and matched control subjects . All patients were examined within 72 h after stroke onset . The levels of P-selectin , tPA antigen , and PAI-1 activity were all significantly higher in stroke patients compared with controls ( all p < 0.0001 ) ; the level of tPA activity was significantly lower in patients than that in controls ( p < 0.0001 ) . These markers did not change much at different time points within 72 h. In stroke group , P-selectin concentration was highly correlated to PAI-1 activity ( r = 0.8433 , p < 0.001 ) , but not to tPA antigen ( r = -0.1752 , p > 0.05 ) , and tPA activity ( r = 0.2465 , p > 0.05 ) , which was further confirmed in the multiple linear regression analysis ( F = 47.052 , p < 0.0001 ) . Our results indicate increased platelet activation and decreased fibrinolysis in patients with acute atherosclerotic ischemic stroke . Increased platelet activation may be correlated with decreased fibrinolysis ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1378 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "21944", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Plasma P-selectin antigen" ], "offsets": [ [ 234, 259 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21945", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "tissue plasminogen activator ( tPA ) antigen" ], "offsets": [ [ 262, 306 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21946", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 ( PAI-1 ) activity" ], "offsets": [ [ 326, 378 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21947", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "P-selectin , tPA antigen" ], "offsets": [ [ 544, 568 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21948", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "PAI-1" ], "offsets": [ [ 362, 367 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21949", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "P-selectin" ], "offsets": [ [ 241, 251 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21950", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "tPA" ], "offsets": [ [ 293, 296 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21951", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "tPA" ], "offsets": [ [ 293, 296 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21952", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Plasma P-selectin antigen" ], "offsets": [ [ 234, 259 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21953", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "tissue plasminogen activator ( tPA ) antigen and activity" ], "offsets": [ [ 262, 319 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21954", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 ( PAI-1 ) activity" ], "offsets": [ [ 326, 378 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21955", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "levels of P-selectin , tPA antigen" ], "offsets": [ [ 534, 568 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21956", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "PAI-1 activity" ], "offsets": [ [ 575, 589 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21957", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "significantly higher" ], "offsets": [ [ 599, 619 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21958", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "level of tPA activity" ], "offsets": [ [ 687, 708 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21959", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "P-selectin concentration" ], "offsets": [ [ 874, 898 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21960", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "PAI-1 activity" ], "offsets": [ [ 575, 589 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21961", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "tPA antigen" ], "offsets": [ [ 557, 568 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21962", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "tPA activity" ], "offsets": [ [ 696, 708 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21963", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "increased platelet activation" ], "offsets": [ [ 1187, 1216 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21964", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "decreased fibrinolysis" ], "offsets": [ [ 1221, 1243 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21965", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "platelet activation" ], "offsets": [ [ 20, 39 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21966", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "acute stroke" ], "offsets": [ [ 60, 72 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21967", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "acute atherosclerotic ischemic stroke" ], "offsets": [ [ 144, 181 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21968", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "60" ], "offsets": [ [ 398, 400 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21969", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "stroke" ], "offsets": [ [ 66, 72 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21970", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "stroke" ], "offsets": [ [ 66, 72 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21971", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "stroke" ], "offsets": [ [ 66, 72 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "21973", "type": "document", "text": [ "Results of a multicenter , 8-week , parallel-group , randomized , double-blind , double-dummy , Phase III clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of amlodipine maleate versus amlodipine besylate in Korean patients with mild to moderate hypertension . BACKGROUND Recently , amlodipine maleate was developed and tested in preclinical and Phase I clinical trials in Korea . The studies found pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics similar to those of amlodipine besylate . OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and tolerability of amlodipine maleate with those of amlodipine besylate in Korean patients with mild to moderate hypertension . METHODS This was a multicenter , 8-week , parallel-group , randomized , double-blind , double-dummy , Phase III clinical trial . Eligible patients were Korean , aged 18 to 75 years , had hypertension , and were either taking antihypertensive medications or had a documented sitting diastolic blood pressure of 90 to 109 mm Hg . After a washout period of 2 weeks , patients were randomized to amlodipine maleate or amlodipine besylate for 8 weeks . In both groups , the medications were initiated at 5 mg QD . At day 29 , the medication dose was increased to 10 mg QD if sitting diastolic blood pressure ( SiDBP ) was > or = 90 mm Hg . RESULTS One hundred eighteen patients were enrolled . Fifty-seven patients received amlodipine maleate ( 29 men , 28 women ; mean [ SD ] age , 49.0 [ 11.4 ] years ) and 61 received amlodipine besylate ( 35 men , 26 women ; mean [ SD ] age , 51.6 [ 9.4 ] years ) . Baseline mean ( SD ) values for sitting systolic blood pressure and SiDBP were 152.0 ( 12.2 ) mm Hg and 98.1 ( 5.6 ) mm Hg , respectively , for the amlodipine maleate group and 153.4 ( 14.0 ) mm Hg and 98.1 ( 5.5 ) mm Hg , respectively , for the amlodipine besylate group . In this population , amlodipine maleate was not inferior to amlodipine besylate : the lower limit of the 2-sided 95 % CI for the treatment difference in SiDBP was greater than -4 mm Hg . The between-group difference in SiDBP response rate ( the proportion of patients who experienced adequate SiDBP reductions ) did not reach statistical significance : 85.7 % ( 42/49 ) for the amlodipine maleate group and 91.8 % ( 45/49 ) for the amlodipine besylate group . Compliance rates were similar between groups , with mean ( SD ) compliance rates of 97.4 % ( 2.8 % ) and 97.1 % ( 3.6 % ) in the amlodipine maleate and amlodipine besylate groups , respectively . Also , there were no significant differences in the incidences of drug-related clinical and laboratory adverse events ; the most common were headache , flushing , facial edema , and paresthesia . CONCLUSION In this population , the efficacy and tolerability observed with amlodipine maleate were similar to those seen with amlodipine besylate ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2848 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "21974", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "amlodipine maleate versus amlodipine besylate" ], "offsets": [ [ 166, 211 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21975", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "amlodipine maleate" ], "offsets": [ [ 166, 184 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21976", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "amlodipine besylate" ], "offsets": [ [ 192, 211 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21977", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "amlodipine maleate" ], "offsets": [ [ 166, 184 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21978", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "amlodipine besylate" ], "offsets": [ [ 192, 211 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21979", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "amlodipine maleate or amlodipine besylate" ], "offsets": [ [ 1067, 1108 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21980", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "amlodipine maleate" ], "offsets": [ [ 166, 184 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21981", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "amlodipine besylate" ], "offsets": [ [ 192, 211 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21982", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "amlodipine maleate" ], "offsets": [ [ 166, 184 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21983", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "amlodipine besylate" ], "offsets": [ [ 192, 211 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21984", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "amlodipine maleate" ], "offsets": [ [ 166, 184 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21985", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "amlodipine besylate :" ], "offsets": [ [ 1908, 1929 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21986", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "amlodipine maleate" ], "offsets": [ [ 166, 184 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21987", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "amlodipine maleate" ], "offsets": [ [ 166, 184 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21988", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "amlodipine besylate" ], "offsets": [ [ 192, 211 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21989", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Baseline mean ( SD ) values" ], "offsets": [ [ 1574, 1601 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21990", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "sitting systolic blood pressure and SiDBP" ], "offsets": [ [ 1606, 1647 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21991", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "SiDBP" ], "offsets": [ [ 1280, 1285 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21992", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "SiDBP response rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 2067, 2086 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21993", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "mean ( SD ) compliance rates" ], "offsets": [ [ 2360, 2388 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21994", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "headache , flushing , facial edema , and paresthesia ." ], "offsets": [ [ 2645, 2699 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21995", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "mild to moderate hypertension" ], "offsets": [ [ 236, 265 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21996", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Korean patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 215, 230 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21997", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "mild to moderate hypertension" ], "offsets": [ [ 236, 265 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21998", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "aged 18 to 75 years" ], "offsets": [ [ 836, 855 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "21999", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "hypertension" ], "offsets": [ [ 253, 265 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22000", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "were either taking antihypertensive medications or had a documented sitting diastolic blood pressure of 90 to 109 mm Hg" ], "offsets": [ [ 881, 1000 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22001", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "One hundred eighteen" ], "offsets": [ [ 1318, 1338 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "22003", "type": "document", "text": [ "[ Final evaluation of the randomized multicenter study SAKK 40/81 : adjuvant portal chemotherapy of curatively resected colorectal cancer ] . Between 1981 and 1987 , 533 patients from 9 institutions have been entered in a randomized trial to assess the value of adjuvant portal infusion ( 5-Fluorouracil , Mitomycin C ) compared to radical surgery alone . Analysis of 469 evaluable patients at a median follow-up of 5.8 years revealed 110 recurrences in the control and 94 recurrences in the infusion group . Estimated 5-year disease-free survival was 52 % and 61 % respectively ( hazard ratio 1:0.75 ; 95 % confidence interval 0.57-0.99 ; p = 0.046 ) . Overall survival was 59 % in the control and 69 in the infusion group ( p = 0.048 ) . Adjuvant portal infusion did not influence the occurrence of liver metastases but reduced the overall recurrence rate ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 859 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "22004", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "adjuvant portal chemotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 68, 96 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22005", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "adjuvant portal infusion ( 5-Fluorouracil , Mitomycin C ) compared to radical surgery alone" ], "offsets": [ [ 262, 353 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22006", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "5-year disease-free survival" ], "offsets": [ [ 519, 547 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22007", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "Overall survival" ], "offsets": [ [ 654, 670 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22008", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "occurrence of liver metastases" ], "offsets": [ [ 787, 817 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22009", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "overall recurrence rate ." ], "offsets": [ [ 834, 859 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22010", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "curatively resected colorectal cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 100, 137 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22011", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "533" ], "offsets": [ [ 166, 169 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22012", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "469" ], "offsets": [ [ 368, 371 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "22014", "type": "document", "text": [ "[ A multicenter , randomized clinical trial of intravenous diltiazem in treatment of unstable angina ] . OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of intravenous diltiazem compared with nitroglycerin in the patients with unstable angina pectoris . METHODS A multicenter , randomized , open-label , parallel group trial was conducted . A total of 213 eligible patients were enrolled . They were randomized either to diltiazem or nitroglycerin treatment . The diltiazem was administered from 100 microg/min at the initiation of treatment , the largest dosage was 200 - 300 microg/min ; the nitroglycerin was administered from 20 microg/min at the initiation of treatment . The largest dosage was 80 - 100 microg/min . Intravenous infusion was kept over 48 hours . The endpoints included refractory angina pectoris , acute myocardial infarction , death , emergency PTCA and CABG . RESULTS ( 1 ) Intravenous diltiazem was effective on the improvement of symptom and electrocardiogram , and its effects were similar to intravenous nitroglycerin . ( 2 ) Compared with nitroglycerin , intravenous diltiazem lowered heart rate and myocardial oxygen consumption index ( systolic pressure x heart rate ) to more extent significantly . ( 3 ) After treatment , the onsets of refractory angina pectoris were reduced more significantly in the diltiazem group than in nitroglycerin group [ 4 ( 3.8 % ) vs 13 ( 11.9 % ) , RR 0.32 ( 95 % CI 0.11 - 0.96 ) , P < 0.05 ] . ( 4 ) The patients whose heart rate were reduced significantly ( < or= 50 beats per minute ) in the diltiazem group were more than in the nitroglycerin group [ 8 ( 7.7 % ) vs 0 ( 0 % ) , P < 0.01 ] . But these patients could tolerate the lower heart rate very well in the diltiazem group . ( 5 ) The needs of beta receptor blocker or calcium antagonists were reduced more significantly in the diltiazem group compared with those in the nitroglycerin group [ 2 ( 1.9 % ) vs 13 ( 11.9 % ) , P < 0.01 ] . CONCLUSION Intravenous diltiazem therapy is effective and safe for patients with unstable angina pectoris . It may significantly lower the risk of refractory angina pectoris compared with intravenous nitroglycerin ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2186 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "22015", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "diltiazem" ], "offsets": [ [ 59, 68 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22016", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "diltiazem" ], "offsets": [ [ 59, 68 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22017", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "nitroglycerin" ], "offsets": [ [ 202, 215 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22018", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "diltiazem" ], "offsets": [ [ 59, 68 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22019", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "nitroglycerin" ], "offsets": [ [ 202, 215 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22020", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "diltiazem" ], "offsets": [ [ 59, 68 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22021", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "nitroglycerin" ], "offsets": [ [ 202, 215 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22022", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "nitroglycerin" ], "offsets": [ [ 202, 215 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22023", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "diltiazem" ], "offsets": [ [ 59, 68 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22024", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "diltiazem" ], "offsets": [ [ 59, 68 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22025", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "diltiazem" ], "offsets": [ [ 59, 68 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22026", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "diltiazem" ], "offsets": [ [ 59, 68 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22027", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "refractory angina pectoris" ], "offsets": [ [ 801, 827 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22028", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "acute myocardial infarction" ], "offsets": [ [ 830, 857 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22029", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "death" ], "offsets": [ [ 860, 865 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22030", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "emergency PTCA" ], "offsets": [ [ 868, 882 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22031", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "CABG" ], "offsets": [ [ 887, 891 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22032", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "symptom and electrocardiogram" ], "offsets": [ [ 966, 995 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22033", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "lowered heart rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 1116, 1134 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22034", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "myocardial oxygen consumption index" ], "offsets": [ [ 1139, 1174 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22035", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "onsets of refractory angina pectoris" ], "offsets": [ [ 1269, 1305 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22036", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "reduced more significantly" ], "offsets": [ [ 1311, 1337 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22037", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "heart rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 1124, 1134 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22038", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "reduced significantly" ], "offsets": [ [ 1510, 1531 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22039", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "heart rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 1124, 1134 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22040", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "angina" ], "offsets": [ [ 94, 100 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22041", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "unstable angina pectoris" ], "offsets": [ [ 237, 261 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22042", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "213" ], "offsets": [ [ 362, 365 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "22044", "type": "document", "text": [ "Randomized trial of liberal versus restrictive guidelines for red blood cell transfusion in preterm infants . OBJECTIVE Although many centers have introduced more restrictive transfusion policies for preterm infants in recent years , the benefits and adverse consequences of allowing lower hematocrit levels have not been systematically evaluated . The objective of this study was to determine if restrictive guidelines for red blood cell ( RBC ) transfusions for preterm infants can reduce the number of transfusions without adverse consequences . DESIGN , SETTING , AND PATIENTS We enrolled 100 hospitalized preterm infants with birth weights of 500 to 1300 g into a randomized clinical trial comparing 2 levels of hematocrit threshold for RBC transfusion . INTERVENTION The infants were assigned randomly to either the liberal- or the restrictive-transfusion group . For each group , transfusions were given only when the hematocrit level fell below the assigned value . In each group , the transfusion threshold levels decreased with improving clinical status . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES We recorded the number of transfusions , the number of donor exposures , and various clinical and physiologic outcomes . RESULTS Infants in the liberal-transfusion group received more RBC transfusions ( 5.2 +/- 4.5 [ mean +/- SD ] vs 3.3 +/- 2.9 in the restrictive-transfusion group ) . However , the number of donors to whom the infants were exposed was not significantly different ( 2.8 +/- 2.5 vs 2.2 +/- 2.0 ) . There was no difference between the groups in the percentage of infants who avoided transfusions altogether ( 12 % in the liberal-transfusion group versus 10 % in the restrictive-transfusion group ) . Infants in the restrictive-transfusion group were more likely to have intraparenchymal brain hemorrhage or periventricular leukomalacia , and they had more frequent episodes of apnea , including both mild and severe episodes . CONCLUSIONS Although both transfusion programs were well tolerated , our finding of more frequent major adverse neurologic events in the restrictive RBC-transfusion group suggests that the practice of restrictive transfusions may be harmful to preterm infants ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2193 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "22045", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "liberal versus restrictive guidelines for red blood cell transfusion" ], "offsets": [ [ 20, 88 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22046", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "restrictive guidelines for red blood cell ( RBC ) transfusions" ], "offsets": [ [ 397, 459 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22047", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "liberal- or the restrictive-transfusion" ], "offsets": [ [ 822, 861 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22048", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "RBC transfusions" ], "offsets": [ [ 1272, 1288 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22049", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "restrictive-transfusion" ], "offsets": [ [ 838, 861 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22050", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "transfusion" ], "offsets": [ [ 77, 88 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22051", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "restrictive transfusions" ], "offsets": [ [ 2133, 2157 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22052", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "number of transfusions" ], "offsets": [ [ 495, 517 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22053", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "number of transfusions" ], "offsets": [ [ 495, 517 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22054", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "number of donor exposures" ], "offsets": [ [ 1133, 1158 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22055", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "RBC transfusions" ], "offsets": [ [ 1272, 1288 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22056", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "number of donors" ], "offsets": [ [ 1389, 1405 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22057", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "percentage of infants who avoided transfusions altogether" ], "offsets": [ [ 1554, 1611 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22058", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "intraparenchymal brain hemorrhage or periventricular leukomalacia" ], "offsets": [ [ 1775, 1840 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22059", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "more frequent episodes of apnea" ], "offsets": [ [ 1856, 1887 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22060", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "mild and severe episodes" ], "offsets": [ [ 1905, 1929 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22061", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "major adverse neurologic events" ], "offsets": [ [ 2030, 2061 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22062", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "preterm infants ." ], "offsets": [ [ 92, 109 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22063", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "100 hospitalized preterm infants with birth weights of 500 to 1300 g" ], "offsets": [ [ 593, 661 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "22065", "type": "document", "text": [ "Clinical evaluation of the contact sensitization potential of a transdermal nicotine system ( Nicoderm ) BACKGROUND Transdermal nicotine therapy has shown promise as a smoking cessation aid , but questions about its contact sensitization potential and long-term topical safety have been raised . The purpose of this study was to determine the contact sensitization potential of one nicotine transdermal system ( Nicoderm , Marion Merrell Dow Inc , Kansas City , Mo , and ALZA Corporation , Palo Alto , Calif ) in a population who were allowed to continue smoking . METHODS This study comprised two phases separated by a 2-week rest interval . During phase 1 , a 42-day open-label induction period , subjects wore only active transdermal nicotine systems . During phase 2 , a 4-day double-blind challenge period , subjects wore active and placebo systems concurrently . Upon removal of each patch , skin sites were evaluated for signs of irritation , and subjective complaints such as itching or burning were recorded . RESULTS Of the 186 subjects completing the study , 3 ( 1.6 % ) exhibited evidence of delayed contact sensitization manifested as erythema with or without infiltration and confined solely to sites of active transdermal nicotine system application . Nonallergic skin irritation was observed in less than 3 % of all applications . All reactions resolved without incident . No subjects developed systemic reactions . CONCLUSIONS The transdermal nicotine system used in this trial had a low contact sensitization incidence and was well tolerated topically with minimal irritation ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1595 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "22066", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "transdermal nicotine system ( Nicoderm )" ], "offsets": [ [ 64, 104 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22067", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Transdermal nicotine therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 116, 144 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22068", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "one nicotine transdermal system" ], "offsets": [ [ 378, 409 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22069", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "active transdermal nicotine systems ." ], "offsets": [ [ 718, 755 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22070", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "active" ], "offsets": [ [ 718, 724 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22071", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo systems concurrently" ], "offsets": [ [ 838, 866 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22072", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "transdermal nicotine system" ], "offsets": [ [ 64, 91 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22073", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "transdermal nicotine system" ], "offsets": [ [ 64, 91 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22074", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "signs of irritation" ], "offsets": [ [ 928, 947 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22075", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "subjective complaints" ], "offsets": [ [ 954, 975 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22076", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "itching" ], "offsets": [ [ 984, 991 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22077", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "or" ], "offsets": [ [ 477, 479 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22078", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "burning" ], "offsets": [ [ 995, 1002 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22079", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "erythema with or without infiltration" ], "offsets": [ [ 1148, 1185 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22080", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Nonallergic skin irritation" ], "offsets": [ [ 1267, 1294 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22081", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "systemic reactions" ], "offsets": [ [ 1411, 1429 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22082", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "tolerated" ], "offsets": [ [ 1550, 1559 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22083", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "one nicotine transdermal system ( Nicoderm , Marion Merrell Dow Inc , Kansas City , Mo , and ALZA Corporation , Palo Alto , Calif ) in a population who were allowed to continue smoking ." ], "offsets": [ [ 378, 564 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "22085", "type": "document", "text": [ "A comparison of urinary and sexual outcomes in women experiencing vaginal and Caesarean births . OBJECTIVE To evaluate the urinary and sexual consequences of vaginal delivery compared with Caesarean section . METHODS We performed a cohort analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial of episiotomy conducted in 3 Montreal hospitals in 1990-1991 . Of the 999 trial participants for whom follow-up data were available , 135 delivered by Caesarean section ( CS ) , and 864 had a vaginal birth ( VB ) . After stratifying for parity , we compared rates of urinary incontinence ( UI ) and sexual functioning at 3 months postpartum in women who had a VB with the rates in women who had a CS . RESULTS Primiparous women reported unspecified UI at 3 months postpartum more often ( 17.9 % ) in the VB group than in the CS group ( 6.4 % ) . This difference remained significant whether or not there was a prior history of UI . Multiparous women showed no difference in rates of UI ( VB 17.1 % vs. CS 16.0 % ) , whether there was a prior history of UI or not . Stress incontinence was greater among primiparous women in the VB group ( VB 34.5 % vs. CS 12.8 % ) regardless of prior UI history , but the proportion of women whose UI was severe enough to wear a pad was similar in primiparous women ( VB 16.0 % , CS 15.4 % ) and multiparous women ( VB 23.8 % , CS 25.0 % ) . Women 's sexual dissatisfaction was greater among primiparous women who had a vaginal birth ( VB 70.1 % , CS 54.5 % ) , but in multiparous women , the rates of sexual dissatisfaction were similar ( VB 64.2 % , CS 71.4 % ) . The frequency of dyspareunia for each mode of delivery was similar in primiparous women ( VB 30.7 % , CS 31.6 % ) . Overall , both primiparous and multiparous women who had intact perineums after VB had less dyspareunia than those undergoing CS ( VB 26.2 , CS 40.7 % ) . However , the proportion of women experiencing dyspareunia was greatest among those who had an episiotomy with or without forceps ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1993 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "22086", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "vaginal delivery" ], "offsets": [ [ 158, 174 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22087", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "Caesarean section" ], "offsets": [ [ 189, 206 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22088", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "Caesarean section ( CS )" ], "offsets": [ [ 442, 466 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22089", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "vaginal birth ( VB )" ], "offsets": [ [ 483, 503 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22090", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "urinary and sexual consequences" ], "offsets": [ [ 123, 154 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22091", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "urinary incontinence ( UI )" ], "offsets": [ [ 558, 585 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22092", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "sexual functioning" ], "offsets": [ [ 590, 608 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22093", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "UI" ], "offsets": [ [ 581, 583 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22094", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "rates of" ], "offsets": [ [ 549, 557 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22095", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Stress incontinence" ], "offsets": [ [ 1056, 1075 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22096", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "UI" ], "offsets": [ [ 581, 583 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22097", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "Women 's sexual dissatisfaction" ], "offsets": [ [ 1367, 1398 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22098", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "sexual dissatisfaction" ], "offsets": [ [ 1376, 1398 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22099", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "frequency of dyspareunia" ], "offsets": [ [ 1595, 1619 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22100", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "dyspareunia" ], "offsets": [ [ 1608, 1619 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22101", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "dyspareunia" ], "offsets": [ [ 1608, 1619 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22102", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 47, 52 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22103", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "vaginal and Caesarean" ], "offsets": [ [ 66, 87 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22104", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "vaginal delivery" ], "offsets": [ [ 158, 174 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22105", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "999" ], "offsets": [ [ 361, 364 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22106", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "135" ], "offsets": [ [ 425, 428 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22107", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "864" ], "offsets": [ [ 473, 476 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22108", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 47, 52 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22109", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 47, 52 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "22111", "type": "document", "text": [ "Fulvestrant versus anastrozole for the treatment of advanced breast carcinoma : a prospectively planned combined survival analysis of two multicenter trials . BACKGROUND Fulvestrant is an estrogen receptor antagonist with no agonist effects . In the second-line treatment of advanced breast carcinoma , fulvestrant was shown previously to be as effective as the third-generation aromatase inhibitor , anastrozole , in terms of time to disease progression and objective response rates . The authors reported the overall survival results from these studies . METHODS A prospectively planned , combined , overall survival analysis was performed , including data from two Phase III trials that compared the efficacy and tolerability of fulvestrant ( 250 mg monthly ; n = 428 ) with anastrozole ( 1 mg daily ; n = 423 ) in the treatment of postmenopausal women with advanced breast carcinoma who had disease progression after receipt of previous endocrine treatment . RESULTS At an extended median follow-up of 27.0 months ( range , 0-66.9 months ) , 319 ( 74.5 % ) patients in the fulvestrant group and 322 ( 76.1 % ) patients in the anastrozole group had died . Prolonged survival was observed with both drugs , with 10-20 % of patients still alive > 5 years after randomization . The median overall survival was similar between treatments , being 27.4 months and 27.7 months in fulvestrant and anastrozole-treated patients , respectively ( hazards ratio , 0.98 ; 95 % confidence interval , 0.84-1.15 ; P = 0.809 ) . Fulvestrant continued to be well tolerated , and was associated with a significantly lower incidence of joint disorders compared with anastrozole ( P = 0.0234 ) . CONCLUSIONS The current analysis showed that fulvestrant was similar to anastrozole with respect to overall survival in the second-line treatment of postmenopausal women with advanced breast carcinoma ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1879 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "22112", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Fulvestrant" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 11 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22113", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "anastrozole" ], "offsets": [ [ 19, 30 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22114", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Fulvestrant" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 11 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22115", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "fulvestrant" ], "offsets": [ [ 303, 314 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22116", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "anastrozole" ], "offsets": [ [ 19, 30 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22117", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "fulvestrant" ], "offsets": [ [ 303, 314 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22118", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "anastrozole-treated" ], "offsets": [ [ 1392, 1411 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22119", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "fulvestrant" ], "offsets": [ [ 303, 314 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22120", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "overall survival" ], "offsets": [ [ 511, 527 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22121", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "overall survival" ], "offsets": [ [ 511, 527 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22122", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 703, 711 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22123", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "tolerability" ], "offsets": [ [ 716, 728 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22124", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "died" ], "offsets": [ [ 1152, 1156 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22125", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "Prolonged survival" ], "offsets": [ [ 1159, 1177 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22126", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "alive" ], "offsets": [ [ 1240, 1245 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22127", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "median overall survival" ], "offsets": [ [ 1282, 1305 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22128", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "incidence of joint disorders" ], "offsets": [ [ 1605, 1633 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22129", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "postmenopausal" ], "offsets": [ [ 835, 849 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22130", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 850, 855 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22131", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "advanced breast carcinoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 52, 77 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22132", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "319" ], "offsets": [ [ 1046, 1049 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22133", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "322" ], "offsets": [ [ 1099, 1102 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22134", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "postmenopausal" ], "offsets": [ [ 835, 849 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22135", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 850, 855 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22136", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "advanced breast carcinoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 52, 77 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "22138", "type": "document", "text": [ "Efficacy of rofecoxib , celecoxib , and acetaminophen in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee . A combined analysis of the VACT studies . OBJECTIVE To compare efficacy among 1578 patients with osteoarthritis randomized to take acetaminophen 4000 mg ( n=269 ) , celecoxib 200 mg ( n=523 ) , rofecoxib 12.5 mg ( n=259 ) , or rofecoxib 25 mg ( n=527 ) in a double blind trial [ Vioxx , Acetaminophen , Celecoxib Trial ( VACT2 ) ] . Results were also pooled with the similarly designed VACT1 trial . METHODS Patients evaluated over Days 1 to 6 and 6 weeks with Patient Global Assessment of Response to Therapy ( PGART ) and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities ( WOMAC ) Osteoarthritis Index . RESULTS For VACT2 , median time to good or excellent PGART response was 6 , 5 , 4 , and 3 days for acetaminophen , celecoxib , rofecoxib 12.5 mg , and rofecoxib 25 mg ( COX-2 inhibitors vs acetaminophen , p < or=0.035 ; rofecoxib 25 mg vs celecoxib , p=0.01 ) . WOMAC response over the first 6 days was greater ( p < 0.05 ) with both rofecoxib doses than acetaminophen and celecoxib . At Week 6 , all COX-2 inhibitors provided significantly greater efficacy than acetaminophen . Good or excellent PGART was numerically , but not significantly , greater with rofecoxib 25 mg ( 55.4 % ) than celecoxib ( 50.6 % ) at Week 6 ; a significant difference was seen at Weeks 2 ( 6.9 , p=0.022 ) and 4 ( 6.7 , p=0.027 ) and over 6 weeks with analysis of all 5 PGART categories of response ( p=0.035 ) . Rofecoxib 25 mg provided greater response ( p < 0.05 ) than celecoxib on WOMAC subscales . Pooled analysis of VACT1/VACT2 demonstrated greater PGART ( p=0.023 ) with rofecoxib 25 mg ( 56.1 % ) than celecoxib ( 49.8 % ) at 6 weeks and greater response to all other PGART and WOMAC endpoints , and confirmed superiority of COX-2 inhibitors to acetaminophen . Overall , tolerability of the study medications was generally good and similar . There was no significant difference between treatment groups in the percentage of patients who experienced a clinical adverse experience ( AE ) . The incidence of discontinuations due to an AE was significantly lower with celecoxib ( 2.5 % ) compared to rofecoxib 25 mg ( 6.3 % , p=0.004 ) or acetaminophen ( 7.8 % , p < 0.001 ) , and did not differ significantly from rofecoxib 12.5 mg ( 4.6 % ) . Discontinuation rates due to edema and hypertension related AE were similar among all COX-2 inhibitors . CONCLUSION Rofecoxib and celecoxib provided superior efficacy to acetaminophen . There was a more rapid and greater response with rofecoxib 25 mg than celecoxib 200 mg. Rofecoxib 12.5 mg demonstrated greater efficacy than celecoxib 200 mg over the first 6 days , and was similar over 6 weeks . All study medications were generally well tolerated ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2781 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "22139", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "rofecoxib" ], "offsets": [ [ 12, 21 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22140", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "celecoxib" ], "offsets": [ [ 24, 33 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22141", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "acetaminophen" ], "offsets": [ [ 40, 53 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22142", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "acetaminophen" ], "offsets": [ [ 40, 53 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22143", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "celecoxib" ], "offsets": [ [ 24, 33 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22144", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "rofecoxib" ], "offsets": [ [ 12, 21 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22145", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "rofecoxib" ], "offsets": [ [ 12, 21 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22146", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Vioxx" ], "offsets": [ [ 379, 384 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22147", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Acetaminophen" ], "offsets": [ [ 387, 400 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22148", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Celecoxib" ], "offsets": [ [ 403, 412 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22149", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "acetaminophen" ], "offsets": [ [ 40, 53 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22150", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "celecoxib" ], "offsets": [ [ 24, 33 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22151", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "rofecoxib" ], "offsets": [ [ 12, 21 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22152", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "rofecoxib" ], "offsets": [ [ 12, 21 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22153", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "acetaminophen" ], "offsets": [ [ 40, 53 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22154", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "rofecoxib" ], "offsets": [ [ 12, 21 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22155", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "celecoxib" ], "offsets": [ [ 24, 33 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22156", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "rofecoxib" ], "offsets": [ [ 12, 21 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22157", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "rofecoxib" ], "offsets": [ [ 12, 21 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22158", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "celecoxib" ], "offsets": [ [ 24, 33 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22159", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Rofecoxib" ], "offsets": [ [ 1492, 1501 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22160", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "celecoxib" ], "offsets": [ [ 24, 33 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22161", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "rofecoxib" ], "offsets": [ [ 12, 21 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22162", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "celecoxib" ], "offsets": [ [ 24, 33 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22163", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "acetaminophen" ], "offsets": [ [ 40, 53 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22164", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "celecoxib" ], "offsets": [ [ 24, 33 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22165", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "rofecoxib" ], "offsets": [ [ 12, 21 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22166", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "acetaminophen" ], "offsets": [ [ 40, 53 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22167", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Rofecoxib" ], "offsets": [ [ 1492, 1501 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22168", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "celecoxib" ], "offsets": [ [ 24, 33 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22169", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "acetaminophen" ], "offsets": [ [ 40, 53 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22170", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "celecoxib" ], "offsets": [ [ 24, 33 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22171", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Rofecoxib" ], "offsets": [ [ 1492, 1501 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22172", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "celecoxib" ], "offsets": [ [ 24, 33 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22173", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Patient Global Assessment of Response to Therapy ( PGART )" ], "offsets": [ [ 561, 619 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22174", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Western Ontario and McMaster Universities ( WOMAC ) Osteoarthritis Index" ], "offsets": [ [ 624, 696 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22175", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "median time to good or excellent PGART response" ], "offsets": [ [ 719, 766 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22176", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "WOMAC response" ], "offsets": [ [ 961, 975 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22177", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "greater efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 1140, 1156 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22178", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "PGART" ], "offsets": [ [ 612, 617 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22179", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "PGART" ], "offsets": [ [ 612, 617 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22180", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "WOMAC subscales" ], "offsets": [ [ 1565, 1580 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22181", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "greater PGART" ], "offsets": [ [ 1627, 1640 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22182", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "greater response to all other PGART" ], "offsets": [ [ 1726, 1761 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22183", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "WOMAC endpoints" ], "offsets": [ [ 1766, 1781 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22184", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "tolerability" ], "offsets": [ [ 1859, 1871 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22185", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "good and similar" ], "offsets": [ [ 1911, 1927 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22186", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "clinical adverse experience ( AE )" ], "offsets": [ [ 2039, 2073 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22187", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "discontinuations due to an AE" ], "offsets": [ [ 2093, 2122 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22188", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Discontinuation rates" ], "offsets": [ [ 2329, 2350 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22189", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "edema and hypertension related AE" ], "offsets": [ [ 2358, 2391 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22190", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 163, 171 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22191", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "response" ], "offsets": [ [ 758, 766 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22192", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 163, 171 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22193", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "tolerated" ], "offsets": [ [ 2770, 2779 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22194", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "patients with osteoarthritis of the knee ." ], "offsets": [ [ 57, 99 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "22196", "type": "document", "text": [ "A short-term cognitive group treatment program gives substantial weight reduction up to 18 months from the end of treatment . A randomized controlled trial . OBJECTIVE To describe and evaluate long-term efficacy ( 18 months from the end of treatment ) of a new cognitive short-term weight reducing treatment program for obese patients . SUBJECTS One hundred and five obese [ Body Mass Index ( BMI ) > or = 30 ] patients participated in the study . Of these , 62 took part in the treatment program and 43 served as controls . METHOD From an obesity unit 's waiting list , the patients were randomly assigned to either a treatment group or remained in the waiting list to serve as a control group . The treatment group participated in a 10-week ( 30 hours ) cognitive group treatment program . All participants were weighed at the outset of the study , directly after treatment and at a 6- , 12- and 18-month post-treatment follow-up without any booster treatment after the 10-week program . RESULTS Fifty-seven ( 92 % ) patients completed treatment . For the 34 ( 60 % ) patients who participated in the study 18 months after treatment was terminated , the mean weight loss at treatment 's end was 8.5 kg ( SD=16.1 ) . Eighteen months later their mean weight loss was 10.4 kg ( SD=10.8 ) . The control patients ( n=31.72 % ) that participated in the study during the same period increased in weight by 2.3 kg ( SD=7.0 ) . The weight difference between the treatment and control group at the 18-month follow-up was highly significant ( p < 0.001 ) . CONCLUSION The cognitive group treatment program was highly acceptable among the participants and was completed by nearly all the patients . The 10-week treatment program resulted in satisfactory weight loss . The weight difference between the treatment group and controls was nearly the same at 18 months after end of treatment as at six months . The study , therefore , does not provide support for the contention that a lengthy therapy for obesity is necessary if treatment results are lasting ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2046 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "22197", "type": "Intervention_Psychological", "text": [ "short-term cognitive group treatment program" ], "offsets": [ [ 2, 46 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22198", "type": "Intervention_Psychological", "text": [ "cognitive short-term weight reducing treatment program" ], "offsets": [ [ 261, 315 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22199", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "control" ], "offsets": [ [ 139, 146 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22200", "type": "Intervention_Psychological", "text": [ "10-week ( 30 hours ) cognitive group treatment program ." ], "offsets": [ [ 735, 791 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22201", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "post-treatment" ], "offsets": [ [ 907, 921 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22202", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "treatment" ], "offsets": [ [ 29, 38 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22203", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "treatment" ], "offsets": [ [ 29, 38 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22204", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "cognitive group treatment program" ], "offsets": [ [ 13, 46 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22205", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "treatment" ], "offsets": [ [ 29, 38 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22206", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "weight reduction" ], "offsets": [ [ 65, 81 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22207", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "mean weight loss" ], "offsets": [ [ 1156, 1172 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22208", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "mean weight loss" ], "offsets": [ [ 1156, 1172 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22209", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "weight" ], "offsets": [ [ 65, 71 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22210", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "weight difference" ], "offsets": [ [ 1425, 1442 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22211", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "weight loss" ], "offsets": [ [ 1161, 1172 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22212", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "obesity unit 's waiting list" ], "offsets": [ [ 540, 568 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "22214", "type": "document", "text": [ "Effect of Orlistat in obese patients with heart failure : a pilot study . Heart failure is the leading cause of hospitalization . Obesity is increasingly common and is a major public health problem . The aim of this study is to assess whether obese patients with heart failure can benefit from losing weight via an orlistat-assisted diet . This randomized clinical trial included obese patients with ejection fractions < or =40 % . Orlistat and diet counseling were compared with diet counseling alone . Twenty-one consecutive obese patients with heart failure were recruited . Significant improvement in 6-minute walk test ( 45.8 m ; 95 % confidence interval , 5.2-86.4 m ; p=0.031 ) , functional class ( -0.6+/-0.5 , p=0.014 ) , weight loss ( -8.55 kg ; 95 % confidence interval , -13.0 to -4.1 kg ; p < 0.001 ) and also significant decreases in total cholesterol ( p=0.017 ) , low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( p=0.03 ) , and triglycerides ( p=0.036 ) were observed in the orlistat group . Orlistat can promote significant weight loss and symptoms of relief in obese patients with heart failure , as measured by 6-minute walk test and functional capacity . The lipid profile improved . Orlistat was safe and well tolerated ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1231 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "22215", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Orlistat" ], "offsets": [ [ 10, 18 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22216", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "orlistat-assisted diet" ], "offsets": [ [ 315, 337 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22217", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "Orlistat and diet counseling were compared with diet counseling alone" ], "offsets": [ [ 432, 501 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22218", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Orlistat" ], "offsets": [ [ 10, 18 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22219", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Orlistat" ], "offsets": [ [ 10, 18 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22220", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "6-minute walk test" ], "offsets": [ [ 605, 623 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22221", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "functional class" ], "offsets": [ [ 687, 703 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22222", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "weight loss" ], "offsets": [ [ 731, 742 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22223", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "total cholesterol" ], "offsets": [ [ 848, 865 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22224", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "low-density lipoprotein cholesterol" ], "offsets": [ [ 880, 915 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22225", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "triglycerides" ], "offsets": [ [ 933, 946 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22226", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "weight loss" ], "offsets": [ [ 731, 742 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22227", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "symptoms of relief" ], "offsets": [ [ 1046, 1064 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22228", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "obese" ], "offsets": [ [ 22, 27 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22229", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "heart failure" ], "offsets": [ [ 42, 55 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22230", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "obese" ], "offsets": [ [ 22, 27 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22231", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "heart failure" ], "offsets": [ [ 42, 55 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22232", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "obese" ], "offsets": [ [ 22, 27 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22233", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Twenty-one" ], "offsets": [ [ 504, 514 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22234", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "obese" ], "offsets": [ [ 22, 27 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22235", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "heart failure" ], "offsets": [ [ 42, 55 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "22237", "type": "document", "text": [ "Lessons learnt in conducting a clinical drug trial in children with Asperger Syndrome . OBJECTIVE To describe the authors ' experience of conducting a clinical drug trial in children with Asperger Syndrome , including the pitfalls encountered and lessons learnt . CONCLUSIONS The main barrier encountered was in the recruitment of children : it was not possible to recruit the target of 60 patients . The recruitment of children is often the major barrier to the progress of a successful clinical trial . Conducting the clinical drug trial was greatly facilitated by the appropriate setting and experienced clinical pharmacology staff ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 636 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "22238", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "recruitment of children" ], "offsets": [ [ 316, 339 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22239", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "recruitment of children" ], "offsets": [ [ 316, 339 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22240", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 54, 62 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22241", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Asperger Syndrome ." ], "offsets": [ [ 68, 87 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22242", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 54, 62 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22243", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Asperger Syndrome" ], "offsets": [ [ 68, 85 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22244", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "60" ], "offsets": [ [ 387, 389 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "22246", "type": "document", "text": [ "TENS for the treatment of writer 's cramp dystonia : a randomized , placebo-controlled study . Manipulation of afferent inputs may temporarily modulate dystonic spasms . Ten patients with writer 's cramp were enrolled in a double-blind , randomized , crossover study in which the effects of transcutaneous electrical stimulation ( TENS ) and placebo treatment were compared . Patients were evaluated using four measures of dystonic impairment . The TENS group showed a significant improvement that persisted for 3 weeks in three of the four measures ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 551 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "22247", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "TENS" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 4 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22248", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo-controlled" ], "offsets": [ [ 68, 86 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22249", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "transcutaneous electrical stimulation ( TENS )" ], "offsets": [ [ 291, 337 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22250", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 68, 75 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22251", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "TENS" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 4 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22252", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "measures of dystonic impairment ." ], "offsets": [ [ 411, 444 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22253", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "significant improvement" ], "offsets": [ [ 469, 492 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "22255", "type": "document", "text": [ "Acute pressor and hormonal effects of beta-endorphin at high doses in healthy and hypertensive subjects : role of opioid receptor agonism . CONTEXT The opioid system is involved in blood pressure regulation in both normal humans and patients with essential hypertension . OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of a high-dose infusion of beta-endorphin , an opioid peptide , on blood pressure and on the hormonal profile in healthy subjects and in hypertensive patients and the mediation played by opioid receptor agonism . DESIGN , SETTING , AND PARTICIPANTS According to a randomized double-blind design , 11 healthy subjects ( controls ) and 12 hypertensive inpatients ( mean age , 38.9 and 40.4 yr , respectively ) received 1-h iv infusion of beta-endorphin ( 250 mug/h ) and , on another occasion , the same infusion protocol preceded by the opioid antagonist naloxone ( 8 mg ) . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Hemodynamic and hormonal measurements were performed at established times during the infusion protocols . RESULTS At baseline , circulating beta-endorphin , norepinephrine , and endothelin-1 in hypertensive patients were significantly ( P < 0.05 ) higher than in controls . In controls , beta-endorphin reduced blood pressure ( P < 0.01 ) and circulating norepinephrine ( P < 0.02 ) and increased plasma atrial natriuretic factor ( P < 0.003 ) and GH ( P < 0.0001 ) . In hypertensive patients , beta-endorphin decreased systemic vascular resistance ( P < 0.0001 ) , blood pressure ( P < 0.0001 ) , and plasma norepinephrine ( P < 0.0001 ) and endothelin-1 ( P < 0.0001 ) and raised circulating atrial natriuretic factor ( P < 0.0001 ) , GH ( P < 0.0001 ) , and IGF-I ( P < 0.0001 ) . These hemodynamic and hormonal responses to beta-endorphin in hypertensive patients were significantly ( P < 0.0001 ) greater than in controls but were annulled in all individuals when naloxone preceded beta-endorphin infusion . CONCLUSIONS High doses of beta-endorphin induce hypotensive and beneficial hormonal effects in humans , which are enhanced in essential hypertension and are mediated by opioid receptors ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2136 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "22256", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "beta-endorphin" ], "offsets": [ [ 38, 52 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22257", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "beta-endorphin" ], "offsets": [ [ 38, 52 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22258", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "1-h iv infusion of beta-endorphin ( 250 mug/h )" ], "offsets": [ [ 757, 804 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22259", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "opioid antagonist naloxone ( 8 mg )" ], "offsets": [ [ 876, 911 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22260", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "beta-endorphin" ], "offsets": [ [ 38, 52 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22261", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "beta-endorphin" ], "offsets": [ [ 38, 52 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22262", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Hemodynamic and hormonal measurements" ], "offsets": [ [ 936, 973 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22263", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "circulating beta-endorphin , norepinephrine , and endothelin-1" ], "offsets": [ [ 1064, 1126 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22264", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "blood pressure" ], "offsets": [ [ 181, 195 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22265", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "circulating norepinephrine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1279, 1305 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22266", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "plasma atrial natriuretic factor" ], "offsets": [ [ 1333, 1365 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22267", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "systemic vascular resistance" ], "offsets": [ [ 1456, 1484 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22268", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "blood pressure" ], "offsets": [ [ 181, 195 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22269", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "plasma norepinephrine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1538, 1559 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22270", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "endothelin-1" ], "offsets": [ [ 1114, 1126 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22271", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "circulating atrial natriuretic factor" ], "offsets": [ [ 1618, 1655 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22272", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "GH" ], "offsets": [ [ 1384, 1386 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22273", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "IGF-I" ], "offsets": [ [ 1697, 1702 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22274", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "hemodynamic and hormonal responses" ], "offsets": [ [ 1726, 1760 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22275", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "healthy and hypertensive" ], "offsets": [ [ 70, 94 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22276", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "normal" ], "offsets": [ [ 215, 221 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22277", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "essential hypertension" ], "offsets": [ [ 247, 269 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22278", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "11" ], "offsets": [ [ 637, 639 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22279", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "12" ], "offsets": [ [ 674, 676 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22280", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "38.9" ], "offsets": [ [ 714, 718 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22281", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "40.4" ], "offsets": [ [ 723, 727 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "22283", "type": "document", "text": [ "Combined therapy for obese type 2 diabetes : suppertime mixed insulin with daytime sulfonylurea . Combined insulin and sulfonylurea therapy for type 2 diabetes may improve the effectiveness of a single injection of insulin , thereby postponing the need for multiple injections . This concept was tested in 21 obese subjects imperfectly controlled by 20 mg of glyburide daily in a double masked , placebo-controlled , parallel design , 16-week protocol . Premixed 70 % NPH/30 % Regular insulin was taken before supper , and the dosage was adjusted weekly by an algorithm seeking nearly normal fasting glycemia . Eleven subjects using insulin plus 10 mg glyburide before breakfast had lower mean fasting glucose at 10-16 weeks than 10 subjects using insulin with placebo ( mean +/- SEM ; 5.9 +/- 0.3 versus 7.5 +/- 0.7 mmol/L ; p less than 0.05 ) , and had a greater decrement of glycosylated hemoglobin from baseline values ( 1.3 +/- 0.1 versus 0.8 +/- 0.2 % A1 , p less than 0.05 ) . After 16 weeks the combined therapy group used half as much insulin as the insulin-only group ( 50 +/- 5 versus 101 +/- 13 units/d ; p less than 0.01 ) . Fasting serum free insulin values increased 58 % from baseline after insulin therapy in the insulin-only group ( p less than 0.05 ) but did not increase with combined therapy . Weight gain was similar in the two groups . These data support this form of combined therapy as one option for treating obese persons with type 2 diabetes no longer responsive to oral therapy alone ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1514 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "22284", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "suppertime mixed insulin with daytime sulfonylurea" ], "offsets": [ [ 45, 95 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22285", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Combined insulin" ], "offsets": [ [ 98, 114 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22286", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "sulfonylurea therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 119, 139 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22287", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "injection of insulin" ], "offsets": [ [ 202, 222 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22288", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "20 mg of glyburide daily" ], "offsets": [ [ 350, 374 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22289", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo-controlled" ], "offsets": [ [ 396, 414 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22290", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Regular insulin" ], "offsets": [ [ 477, 492 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22291", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "insulin plus" ], "offsets": [ [ 633, 645 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22292", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "glyburide" ], "offsets": [ [ 359, 368 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22293", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 396, 403 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22294", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "obese type 2 diabetes" ], "offsets": [ [ 21, 42 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22295", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "type 2 diabetes" ], "offsets": [ [ 27, 42 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22296", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "effectiveness" ], "offsets": [ [ 176, 189 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22297", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "glycosylated hemoglobin" ], "offsets": [ [ 878, 901 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22298", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Fasting serum free insulin values" ], "offsets": [ [ 1138, 1171 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22299", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Weight gain" ], "offsets": [ [ 1315, 1326 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22300", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "type 2 diabetes" ], "offsets": [ [ 27, 42 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22301", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "21" ], "offsets": [ [ 306, 308 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22302", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Eleven" ], "offsets": [ [ 611, 617 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22303", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "type 2 diabetes" ], "offsets": [ [ 27, 42 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "22305", "type": "document", "text": [ "Lanthanum carbonate ( Fosrenol ) efficacy and tolerability in the treatment of hyperphosphatemic patients with end-stage renal disease . AIMS High serum phosphorus levels are a common problem in patients receiving long-term dialysis treatment . Lanthanum carbonate ( Fosrenol ) is a new non-aluminum , non-calcium phosphate binder developed for the treatment of hyperphosphatemia in patients with end-stage renal disease ( ESRD ) . We report data from a recent trial , which , for the first time , assessed the efficacy and tolerability of lanthanum carbonate treatment , compared with placebo , in Chinese patients with ESRD . PATIENTS AND METHODS Following a one- to three-week washout phase and a four-week , open-label lanthanum carbonate dose-titration phase , male and female hemodialysis patients were randomized ( 1:1 ) to receive either lanthanum carbonate or placebo for four weeks . The primary efficacy parameter of the study was the control of serum phosphorus levels ( < or =1.8 mmol/l [ < or = 5.6 mg/dl ] ) . Secondary endpoints included the profile of serum phosphorus during titration and parathyroid hormone , calcium , and calcium x phosphorus ( Ca x P ) product levels . The safety and tolerability of lanthanum carbonate were assessed by monitoring adverse events throughout the study . RESULTS Mean serum phosphorus level at the end of washout was 2.5 +/- 0.5 mmol/l ( 7.7 +/- 1.5 mg/dl ; n=73 ) , and there was no evidence of a difference in levels between the treatment groups pre-randomization . At the end of the study , lanthanum carbonate-treated patients had significantly lower phosphorus levels ( 1.6 +/- 0.5 mmol/l [ 5.1 +/- 1.5 mg/dl ] ; n=30 ) than those receiving placebo ( 2.3 +/- 0.4 mmol/l [ 7.2 +/- 1.3 mg/dl ] ; n=31 ; p < 0.001 ) . In addition , a significantly higher proportion of patients receiving lanthanum carbonate had controlled serum phosphorus levels ( 60 % ) compared with the placebo group ( 10 % ; p < 0.001 ) . Ca x P product levels were also significantly lower in the lanthanum carbonate group at the end of randomized treatment ( p < 0.001 ) . Lanthanum carbonate was well tolerated ; only one serious adverse event was reported , which was unrelated to treatment . CONCLUSIONS Lanthanum carbonate was shown to be an effective and well-tolerated phosphate binder for the treatment of hyperphosphatemia in Chinese patients with ESRD . This finding supports the results of previous US and European studies , which have also shown that lanthanum carbonate treatment effectively controls serum phosphorus levels ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2568 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "22306", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Lanthanum carbonate ( Fosrenol )" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 32 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22307", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Lanthanum carbonate ( Fosrenol )" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 32 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22308", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "lanthanum carbonate treatment" ], "offsets": [ [ 540, 569 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22309", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 586, 593 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22310", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "lanthanum carbonate" ], "offsets": [ [ 540, 559 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22311", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "lanthanum carbonate" ], "offsets": [ [ 540, 559 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22312", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 586, 593 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22313", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "lanthanum carbonate" ], "offsets": [ [ 540, 559 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22314", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "lanthanum carbonate-treated" ], "offsets": [ [ 1548, 1575 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22315", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "lanthanum carbonate" ], "offsets": [ [ 540, 559 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22316", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "lanthanum carbonate" ], "offsets": [ [ 540, 559 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22317", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Lanthanum carbonate" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 19 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22318", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Lanthanum carbonate" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 19 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22319", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "lanthanum carbonate" ], "offsets": [ [ 540, 559 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22320", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "efficacy and tolerability" ], "offsets": [ [ 33, 58 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22321", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 33, 41 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22322", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "tolerability" ], "offsets": [ [ 46, 58 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22323", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "serum phosphorus levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 147, 170 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22324", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "the profile of serum phosphorus during titration and parathyroid hormone" ], "offsets": [ [ 1054, 1126 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22325", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "calcium" ], "offsets": [ [ 306, 313 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22326", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "calcium x phosphorus ( Ca x P ) product levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 1143, 1189 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22327", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "safety and tolerability of lanthanum carbonate" ], "offsets": [ [ 1196, 1242 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22328", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "adverse events" ], "offsets": [ [ 1271, 1285 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22329", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Mean serum phosphorus level" ], "offsets": [ [ 1317, 1344 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22330", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "phosphorus levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 153, 170 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22331", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "serum phosphorus levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 147, 170 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22332", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Ca x P product levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 1967, 1988 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22333", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "tolerated" ], "offsets": [ [ 2132, 2141 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22334", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "serious adverse event" ], "offsets": [ [ 2153, 2174 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22335", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "effective" ], "offsets": [ [ 2276, 2285 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22336", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "well-tolerated" ], "offsets": [ [ 2290, 2304 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22337", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "serum phosphorus levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 147, 170 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "22339", "type": "document", "text": [ "Just-in-time evidence-based e-mail \" reminders \" in home health care : impact on nurse practices . OBJECTIVE To test the effectiveness of two interventions designed to improve the adoption of evidence-based practices by home health nurses caring for heart failure ( HF ) patients . DATA SOURCES/STUDY SETTING Information on nurse practices was abstracted from the clinical records of patients admitted between June 2000 and November 2001 to the care of 354 study nurses at a large , urban , nonprofit home care agency . STUDY DESIGN The study employed a randomized design with nurses assigned to usual care or one of two intervention groups upon identification of an eligible patient . The basic intervention was a one-time e-mail reminder highlighting six HF-specific clinical recommendations . The augmented intervention consisted of the initial e-mail reminder supplemented by provider prompts , patient education material , and clinical nurse specialist outreach . DATA COLLECTION At each home health visit provided by a study nurse to an eligible HF patient during the 45-day follow-up period , a structured chart abstraction tool was used to collect information on whether the nurse provided the care practices highlighted in the e-mail reminder . PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Both the basic and the augmented interventions greatly increased the practice of evidence-based care , according to patient records , in the areas of patient assessment and instructions about HF disease management . While not all results were statistically significant at conventional levels , intervention effects were positive in virtually all cases and effect magnitudes frequently were large . CONCLUSIONS The results of this randomized trial strongly support the efficacy of just-in-time evidence-based reminders as a means of changing clinical practice among home health nurses who are geographically dispersed and spend much of their time in the field ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1933 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "22340", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "one-time e-mail reminder highlighting six HF-specific clinical recommendations" ], "offsets": [ [ 715, 793 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22341", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "initial e-mail reminder supplemented by provider prompts , patient education material , and clinical nurse specialist outreach" ], "offsets": [ [ 840, 966 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22342", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "practice of evidence-based care" ], "offsets": [ [ 1342, 1373 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22343", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "intervention effects" ], "offsets": [ [ 1567, 1587 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22344", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "effect magnitudes frequently" ], "offsets": [ [ 1629, 1657 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22345", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 1741, 1749 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22346", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "just-in-time evidence-based reminders" ], "offsets": [ [ 1753, 1790 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22347", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "impact on nurse practices ." ], "offsets": [ [ 71, 98 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22348", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "home health nurses" ], "offsets": [ [ 220, 238 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "22350", "type": "document", "text": [ "Inhibition of awake sympathetic nerve activity of heart failure patients with obstructive sleep apnea by nocturnal continuous positive airway pressure . OBJECTIVES This study was designed to determine whether reductions in morning systolic blood pressure ( BP ) elicited by treatment of moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea ( OSA ) in heart failure ( HF ) patients are associated with a reduction in sympathetic vasoconstrictor tone . BACKGROUND Daytime muscle sympathetic nerve activity ( MSNA ) is elevated in HF patients with coexisting OSA . In our recent randomized trial in HF , abolition of OSA by continuous positive airway pressure ( CPAP ) increased left ventricular ejection fraction ( LVEF ) and lowered morning systolic BP . METHODS Muscle sympathetic nerve activity , BP , and heart rate ( HR ) of medically treated HF patients ( EF < 45 % ) and OSA ( apnea-hypopnea index > or =20/h of sleep ) were recorded on the morning after overnight polysomnography , and again one month after patients were randomly allocated nocturnal CPAP treatment or no CPAP ( control ) . RESULTS In nine control patients , there were no significant changes in the severity of OSA , MSNA , systolic BP , or HR . In contrast , in the 8 CPAP-treated patients , OSA was attenuated , and there were significant reductions in daytime MSNA ( from 58 +/- 4 bursts/min to 48 +/- 5 bursts/min ; 84 +/- 4 bursts/100 heart beats to 72 +/- 5 bursts/100 heart beats ; p < 0.001 and p = 0.003 , respectively ) , systolic BP ( from 135 +/- 5 mm Hg to 120 +/- 6 mm Hg , p = 0.03 ) , and HR ( from 69 +/- 2 min ( -1 ) to 66 +/- 2 min ( -1 ) ; p = 0.013 ) . CONCLUSIONS Treatment of coexisting OSA by CPAP in HF patients lowers daytime MSNA , systolic BP , and HR . Inhibition of increased central sympathetic vasoconstrictor outflow is one mechanism by which nocturnal CPAP reduces awake BP in HF patients with moderate to severe OSA ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1916 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "22351", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "nocturnal continuous positive airway pressure" ], "offsets": [ [ 105, 150 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22352", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "continuous positive airway pressure ( CPAP )" ], "offsets": [ [ 611, 655 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22353", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "nocturnal CPAP treatment" ], "offsets": [ [ 1037, 1061 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22354", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "no CPAP ( control )" ], "offsets": [ [ 1065, 1084 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22355", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "CPAP-treated" ], "offsets": [ [ 1233, 1245 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22356", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "CPAP" ], "offsets": [ [ 649, 653 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22357", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "nocturnal CPAP" ], "offsets": [ [ 1037, 1051 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22358", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "morning systolic blood pressure ( BP )" ], "offsets": [ [ 223, 261 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22359", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "obstructive sleep apnea" ], "offsets": [ [ 78, 101 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22360", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "sympathetic vasoconstrictor tone" ], "offsets": [ [ 406, 438 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22361", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Daytime muscle sympathetic nerve activity ( MSNA )" ], "offsets": [ [ 452, 502 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22362", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "left ventricular ejection fraction ( LVEF )" ], "offsets": [ [ 666, 709 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22363", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "morning systolic BP" ], "offsets": [ [ 722, 741 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22364", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Muscle sympathetic nerve activity" ], "offsets": [ [ 752, 785 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22365", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "BP" ], "offsets": [ [ 257, 259 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22366", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "heart rate ( HR )" ], "offsets": [ [ 797, 814 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22367", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "apnea-hypopnea index" ], "offsets": [ [ 872, 892 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22368", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "OSA" ], "offsets": [ [ 332, 335 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22369", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "MSNA" ], "offsets": [ [ 496, 500 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22370", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "systolic BP ," ], "offsets": [ [ 1188, 1201 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22371", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "HR" ], "offsets": [ [ 810, 812 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22372", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "OSA" ], "offsets": [ [ 332, 335 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22373", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "daytime MSNA" ], "offsets": [ [ 1319, 1331 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22374", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "systolic BP" ], "offsets": [ [ 730, 741 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22375", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "HR" ], "offsets": [ [ 810, 812 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22376", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "daytime MSNA" ], "offsets": [ [ 1319, 1331 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22377", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "systolic BP" ], "offsets": [ [ 730, 741 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22378", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "HR ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1205, 1209 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22379", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "BP" ], "offsets": [ [ 257, 259 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22380", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "heart failure" ], "offsets": [ [ 50, 63 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22381", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "obstructive sleep apnea" ], "offsets": [ [ 78, 101 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22382", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "heart failure ( HF )" ], "offsets": [ [ 341, 361 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22383", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "HF" ], "offsets": [ [ 357, 359 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22384", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "coexisting OSA" ], "offsets": [ [ 535, 549 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22385", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "HF" ], "offsets": [ [ 357, 359 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22386", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "OSA" ], "offsets": [ [ 332, 335 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22387", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "nine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1098, 1102 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22388", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "8" ], "offsets": [ [ 1231, 1232 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22389", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "coexisting OSA" ], "offsets": [ [ 535, 549 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22390", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "HF" ], "offsets": [ [ 357, 359 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22391", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "HF" ], "offsets": [ [ 357, 359 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22392", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "OSA" ], "offsets": [ [ 332, 335 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "22394", "type": "document", "text": [ "Safety , tolerability , and changes in amyloid beta concentrations after administration of a gamma-secretase inhibitor in volunteers . Amyloid beta ( Abeta ) may play a central role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease . A functional gamma-secretase inhibitor , LY450139 , was developed that inhibits Abeta formation in whole cell assays , transgenic mice , and beagle dogs . The authors wished to determine the safety and tolerability of this drug , and the reduction of Abeta in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid ( CSF ) after multiple doses . Volunteer subjects ( N = 37 ) were studied using doses from 5 to 50 mg/day given for 14 days . Plasma and CSF concentrations of LY450139 , Abeta ( 1-40 ) and Abeta ( 1-X ) ( \" Abeta ( total ) \" ) were determined , and safety and tolerability were assessed . The plasma half-life of LY450139 was approximately 2.5 hours . Pharmacokinetic analyses showed a linear relationship between dose and plasma concentrations , with a Cmax of 828 +/- 19.2 ng/mL after a 50-mg dose . Plasma Abeta concentrations decreased in a dose-dependent manner over a 6-hour interval following drug administration , with a maximum decrease of approximately 40 % relative to baseline . After returning to baseline , Abeta concentrations were transiently increased . CSF Abeta concentrations were unchanged . Adverse events reported by subjects taking 5-mg , 20-mg , or 40-mg doses were similar to those reported by subjects taking placebo . Two of 7 subjects taking 50 mg/day experienced adverse events that may have been drug related . In this phase 1 volunteer study , reported adverse events after taking LY450139 were manageable . A dose-dependent reduction in plasma Abeta was demonstrated , and changes in plasma Abeta concentrations were temporally related to the pharmacokinetic characteristics of LY450139 ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1837 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "22395", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "gamma-secretase inhibitor" ], "offsets": [ [ 93, 118 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22396", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "LY450139" ], "offsets": [ [ 266, 274 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22397", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "using doses from 5 to 50 mg/day given for 14 days . Plasma and CSF concentrations of LY450139 , Abeta ( 1-40 ) and Abeta ( 1-X ) ( \" Abeta ( total ) \" )" ], "offsets": [ [ 590, 742 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22398", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "LY450139" ], "offsets": [ [ 266, 274 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22399", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Safety" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 6 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22400", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "tolerability" ], "offsets": [ [ 9, 21 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22401", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "changes in amyloid beta concentrations" ], "offsets": [ [ 28, 66 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22402", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Abeta in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid ( CSF )" ], "offsets": [ [ 476, 523 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22403", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Plasma and CSF concentrations of LY450139 , Abeta ( 1-40 )" ], "offsets": [ [ 642, 700 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22404", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Abeta ( 1-X ) ( \" Abeta ( total ) \" )" ], "offsets": [ [ 705, 742 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22405", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Plasma Abeta concentrations" ], "offsets": [ [ 1018, 1045 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22406", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Abeta concentrations" ], "offsets": [ [ 1025, 1045 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22407", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "CSF Abeta concentrations" ], "offsets": [ [ 1287, 1311 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22408", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "Adverse events" ], "offsets": [ [ 1329, 1343 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22409", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "plasma Abeta" ], "offsets": [ [ 1686, 1698 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22410", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "plasma Abeta" ], "offsets": [ [ 1686, 1698 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22411", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "subjects taking placebo ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1436, 1461 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "22413", "type": "document", "text": [ "Montelukast treatment of moderate to severe atopic dermatitis in adults : a randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial . In a randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled 4-week trial , 59 patients with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis were treated orally with 10 mg of the leukotriene antagonist montelukast . Forty-seven patients completed the study . No difference in efficacy was seen among patients who received montelukast and the group given a placebo ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 476 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "22414", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "Montelukast treatment" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 21 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22415", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo-controlled" ], "offsets": [ [ 104, 122 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22416", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo-controlled" ], "offsets": [ [ 104, 122 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22417", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "leukotriene antagonist montelukast" ], "offsets": [ [ 290, 324 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22418", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "montelukast" ], "offsets": [ [ 313, 324 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22419", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 104, 111 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22420", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "No difference in efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 370, 395 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22421", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "severe atopic dermatitis in adults :" ], "offsets": [ [ 37, 73 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "22423", "type": "document", "text": [ "Anti-Xa effect of a low molecular weight heparin ( dalteparin ) does not accumulate in extended duration therapy for venous thromboembolism in cancer patients . Many patients with venous thromboembolism are being treated with low molecular weight heparin for extended periods of time . It is not certain if it is necessary to assess anti-Xa levels for extended treatment periods . This study is a prospective assessment of anti-Xa levels in patients on long-term therapy for acute venous thromboembolism who have active cancer . Consecutive consenting patients from one center in a multicenter trial that compared 6 months of low molecular weight heparin with oral anticoagulant therapy were treated with therapeutic doses of dalteparin ( 200 IU per kilogram ) subcutaneously daily . Anti-Xa levels were assessed at the end of weeks 1 and 4,4-6 hours after injection of dalteparin . Patients were followed for bleeding and recurrent venous thromboembolism . There were 24 patients who had anti-Xa levels measured at weeks 1 and 4 . Two other patients had week 1 measurements performed but died before the week 4 sample was collected due to their underlying cancer . The mean anti-Xa levels at weeks 1 and 4 were 1.11 and 1.03 anti-Xa units/ml respectively ( P=0.13 ) . These results suggest that for patients with active cancer receiving extended duration therapy with low molecular weight heparin ( dalteparin ) there is no accumulation of anti-Xa effect over the first month of therapy . Monitoring of anti-Xa levels in this situation is usually not required ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1562 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "22424", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "heparin ( dalteparin )" ], "offsets": [ [ 41, 63 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22425", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "oral anticoagulant therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 660, 686 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22426", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "extended duration therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 87, 112 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22427", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "heparin" ], "offsets": [ [ 41, 48 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22428", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "dalteparin" ], "offsets": [ [ 51, 61 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22429", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "anti-Xa levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 333, 347 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22430", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "anti-Xa levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 333, 347 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22431", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Anti-Xa levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 784, 798 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22432", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "bleeding" ], "offsets": [ [ 910, 918 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22433", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "recurrent venous thromboembolism" ], "offsets": [ [ 923, 955 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22434", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "anti-Xa levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 333, 347 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22435", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "died" ], "offsets": [ [ 1089, 1093 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22436", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "mean anti-Xa levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 1170, 1189 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22437", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "accumulation of anti-Xa effect" ], "offsets": [ [ 1425, 1455 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22438", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "anti-Xa levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 333, 347 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22439", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "venous thromboembolism" ], "offsets": [ [ 117, 139 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22440", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 143, 149 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22441", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "venous thromboembolism" ], "offsets": [ [ 117, 139 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22442", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "acute venous thromboembolism" ], "offsets": [ [ 475, 503 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22443", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "active cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 513, 526 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22444", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "24 patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 969, 980 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22445", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "anti-Xa levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 333, 347 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22446", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "active cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 513, 526 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "22448", "type": "document", "text": [ "Stapled hemorrhoidopexy versus milligan-morgan hemorrhoidectomy : a prospective , randomized , multicenter trial with 2-year postoperative follow up . PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to compare the outcome of stapled hemorrhoidopexy ( SH group ) performed using a circular stapler with that of the Milligan-Morgan technique ( MM group ) . The goals of the study were to evaluate the efficacy and reproducibility of stapled hemorrhoidopexy and define its place among conventional techniques . METHODS A series of 134 patients were included at 7 hospital centers . They were randomized according to a single-masked design and stratified by center ( with balancing every 4 patients ) . Patients were clinically evaluated preoperatively and at 6 weeks , 1 year , and a minimum of 2 years after treatment . Patients completed a questionnaire before and 1 year after surgery to evaluate symptoms , function , and overall satisfaction . RESULTS The mean follow-up period was 2.21 years +/- 0.26 ( 1.89-3.07 ) . Nine patients ( 7 % ) could not be monitored at 1 or 2 years , but 4 of these 9 nevertheless filled in the 1-year questionnaire . The patients in the SH group experienced less postoperative pain/discomfort as scored by pain during bowel movement ( P < 0.001 ) , total analgesic requirement over the first 3 days ( according to the World Health Organization [ WHO ] class II analgesics [ P = 0.002 ] ; class III [ P = 0.066 ] ) , and per-patient consumption frequency of class III analgesics ( P = 0.089 ) . A clear difference in morphine requirement became evident after 24 hours ( P = 0.010 ) . Hospital stay was significantly shorter in the SH group ( SH 2.2 +/- 1.2 [ 0 ; 5.0 ] versus MM 3.1 +/- 1.7 [ 1 ; 8.0 ] P < 0.001 ) . At 1 year , no differences in the resolution of symptoms were observed between the 2 groups , and over 2 years , the overall incidence of complications was the same , specifically fecaloma ( P = 0.003 ) in the MM group and external hemorrhoidal thrombosis ( P = 0.006 ) in the SH group . Impaired sphincter function was observed at 1 year with no significant difference between the groups for urgency ( 12 % ) , continence problems ( 10 % ) , or tenesmus ( 3 % ) . No patient needed a second procedure for recurrence within 2 years , although partial residual prolapse was detected in 4 SH patients ( 7.5 % ) versus 1 MM patient ( 1.8 % ) ( P = 0.194 ) . CONCLUSION Stapled hemorrhoidopexy causes significantly less postoperative pain . The technique is reproducible and can achieve comparable outcomes as those of the MM technique as long as the well-described steps of the technique are followed . Like with conventional surgery , anorectal dysfunction can occur after stapled hemorrhoidopexy in some patients . Its effectiveness in relieving symptoms is equivalent to conventional surgery , and the number of hemorrhoidal prolapse recurrences at 2 years is not significantly different . Hemorroidopexy is applicable for treating reducible hemorrhoidal prolapse ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 3004 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "22449", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "Stapled hemorrhoidopexy" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 23 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22450", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "milligan-morgan hemorrhoidectomy" ], "offsets": [ [ 31, 63 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22451", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "stapled hemorrhoidopexy ( SH group )" ], "offsets": [ [ 215, 251 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22452", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "Milligan-Morgan technique ( MM group )" ], "offsets": [ [ 304, 342 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22453", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "stapled hemorrhoidopexy" ], "offsets": [ [ 215, 238 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22454", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "questionnaire" ], "offsets": [ [ 829, 842 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22455", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "SH" ], "offsets": [ [ 241, 243 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22456", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "SH" ], "offsets": [ [ 241, 243 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22457", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "MM" ], "offsets": [ [ 332, 334 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22458", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "MM" ], "offsets": [ [ 332, 334 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22459", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "SH" ], "offsets": [ [ 241, 243 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22460", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "SH" ], "offsets": [ [ 241, 243 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22461", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "MM" ], "offsets": [ [ 332, 334 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22462", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "Stapled hemorrhoidopexy" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 23 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22463", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "MM" ], "offsets": [ [ 332, 334 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22464", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "surgery" ], "offsets": [ [ 867, 874 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22465", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "stapled hemorrhoidopexy" ], "offsets": [ [ 215, 238 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22466", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "Hemorroidopexy" ], "offsets": [ [ 2929, 2943 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22467", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Stapled hemorrhoidopexy" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 23 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22468", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "milligan-morgan hemorrhoidectomy" ], "offsets": [ [ 31, 63 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22469", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "stapled hemorrhoidopexy" ], "offsets": [ [ 215, 238 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22470", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "efficacy and reproducibility" ], "offsets": [ [ 389, 417 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22471", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "postoperative pain/discomfort" ], "offsets": [ [ 1186, 1215 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22472", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "pain during bowel movement" ], "offsets": [ [ 1229, 1255 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22473", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "total analgesic requirement over the first 3 days" ], "offsets": [ [ 1272, 1321 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22474", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "morphine requirement" ], "offsets": [ [ 1539, 1559 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22475", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Hospital stay" ], "offsets": [ [ 1606, 1619 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22476", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "resolution of symptoms" ], "offsets": [ [ 1773, 1795 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22477", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "overall incidence of complications" ], "offsets": [ [ 1856, 1890 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22478", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "fecaloma" ], "offsets": [ [ 1919, 1927 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22479", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "external hemorrhoidal thrombosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 1962, 1994 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22480", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "Impaired sphincter function" ], "offsets": [ [ 2027, 2054 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22481", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "partial residual prolapse" ], "offsets": [ [ 2282, 2307 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22482", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "postoperative pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 1186, 1204 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22483", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "anorectal dysfunction" ], "offsets": [ [ 2672, 2693 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22484", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "effectiveness" ], "offsets": [ [ 2757, 2770 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22485", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "number of hemorrhoidal prolapse recurrences at 2 years" ], "offsets": [ [ 2841, 2895 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22486", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "hemorrhoidectomy" ], "offsets": [ [ 47, 63 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22487", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "134" ], "offsets": [ [ 518, 521 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "22489", "type": "document", "text": [ "Removal of inflammatory cytokines and endotoxin by veno-venous continuous renal replacement therapy for burned patients with sepsis . OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of veno-venous continuous renal replacement therapy ( CRRT ) on the plasma levels of endotoxin and cytokines in severely burned patients with sepsis . METHODS Twenty adult severely burned patients with sepsis were studied . For the diagnosis of sepsis , patients were randomly divided into CRRT ( n=10 ) and Control ( n=10 ) . Both groups received conventional therapy after admission . Veno-venous CRRT was administered to 10 patients in the CRRT group whenever patients were determined to be septic . The plasma level of endotoxin , TNF-alpha , IL-1 beta , IL-6 and IL-8 were measured at 0 , 1 , 2 , 6 , 12 , 36 and 60 h after CRRT initiation , and at 0 , 12 , 36 and 60 h after the patients were diagnosed as having sepsis in the Control group . MAIN RESULTS Plasma level of endotoxin and all the cytokines after CRRT initiation were significantly lower than those before the treatment ( P < 0.01 ) . The serial change of endotoxin , IL-1 beta , IL-6 and IL-8 was significantly lower at 12 , 36 and 60 h after treatment compared with Control groups ( P < 0.01 ) . A significant decrease in plasma TNF-alpha levels was seen at 36 and 60 h after treatment compared with Control groups ( P < 0.01 ) . CONCLUSION Plasma endotoxin and cytokines ( TNF-alpha , IL-1 beta , IL-6 and IL-8 ) can be removed effectively with CRRT in severely burned patients with sepsis ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1530 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "22490", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "veno-venous continuous renal replacement therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 51, 99 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22491", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "veno-venous continuous renal replacement therapy ( CRRT )" ], "offsets": [ [ 170, 227 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22492", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "CRRT" ], "offsets": [ [ 221, 225 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22493", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "Control" ], "offsets": [ [ 475, 482 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22494", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "conventional therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 515, 535 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22495", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Veno-venous CRRT" ], "offsets": [ [ 554, 570 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22496", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Plasma level of endotoxin" ], "offsets": [ [ 929, 954 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22497", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "all the cytokines after CRRT initiation" ], "offsets": [ [ 959, 998 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22498", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "serial change of endotoxin , IL-1 beta , IL-6 and IL-8" ], "offsets": [ [ 1075, 1129 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22499", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "plasma TNF-alpha levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 1260, 1283 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22500", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "burned patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 104, 119 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22501", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "sepsis" ], "offsets": [ [ 125, 131 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22502", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "severely burned patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 279, 303 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22503", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "sepsis" ], "offsets": [ [ 125, 131 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22504", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Twenty" ], "offsets": [ [ 326, 332 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22505", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "severely burned patients with sepsis" ], "offsets": [ [ 279, 315 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "22507", "type": "document", "text": [ "Endovascular aneurysm repair and outcome in patients unfit for open repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm ( EVAR trial 2 ) : randomised controlled trial . BACKGROUND Endovascular aneurysm repair ( EVAR ) to exclude abdominal aortic aneurysm ( AAA ) was introduced for patients of poor health status considered unfit for major surgery . We instigated EVAR trial 2 to identify whether EVAR improves survival compared with no intervention in patients unfit for open repair of aortic aneurysm . METHODS We did a randomised controlled trial of 338 patients aged 60 years or older who had aneurysms of at least 5.5 cm in diameter and who had been referred to one of 31 hospitals in the UK . We assigned patients to receive either EVAR ( n=166 ) or no intervention ( n=172 ) . Our primary endpoint was all-cause mortality , with secondary endpoints of aneurysm-related mortality , health-related quality of life ( HRQL ) , postoperative complications , and hospital costs . Analyses were by intention to treat . FINDINGS 197 patients underwent aneurysm repair ( 47 assigned no intervention ) and 80 % of patients adhered to protocol . The 30-day operative mortality in the EVAR group was 9 % ( 13 of 150 , 95 % CI 5-15 ) and the no intervention group had a rupture rate of 9.0 per 100 person years ( 95 % CI 6.0-13.5 ) . By end of follow up 142 patients had died , 42 of aneurysm-related factors ; overall mortality after 4 years was 64 % . There was no significant difference between the EVAR group and the no intervention group for all-cause mortality ( hazard ratio 1.21 , 95 % CI 0.87-1.69 , p=0.25 ) . There was no difference in aneurysm-related mortality . The mean hospital costs per patient over 4 years were UK pound sterling 13,632 in the EVAR group and pound sterling 4983 in the no intervention group ( mean difference pound sterling 8649 , SE 1248 ) , with no difference in HRQL scores . INTERPRETATION EVAR had a considerable 30-day operative mortality in patients already unfit for open repair of their aneurysm . EVAR did not improve survival over no intervention and was associated with a need for continued surveillance and reinterventions , at substantially increased cost . Ongoing follow-up and improved fitness of these patients is a priority ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2257 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "22508", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "Endovascular aneurysm repair ( EVAR )" ], "offsets": [ [ 164, 201 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22509", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "EVAR" ], "offsets": [ [ 106, 110 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22510", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "aneurysm repair" ], "offsets": [ [ 13, 28 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22511", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "EVAR" ], "offsets": [ [ 106, 110 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22512", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "survival" ], "offsets": [ [ 395, 403 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22513", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "all-cause mortality" ], "offsets": [ [ 793, 812 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22514", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "aneurysm-related mortality" ], "offsets": [ [ 843, 869 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22515", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "health-related quality of life ( HRQL )" ], "offsets": [ [ 872, 911 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22516", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "postoperative complications" ], "offsets": [ [ 914, 941 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22517", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "hospital costs" ], "offsets": [ [ 948, 962 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22518", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "30-day operative mortality in the EVAR group" ], "offsets": [ [ 1130, 1174 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22519", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "died" ], "offsets": [ [ 1349, 1353 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22520", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "overall mortality" ], "offsets": [ [ 1389, 1406 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22521", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "all-cause mortality" ], "offsets": [ [ 793, 812 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22522", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "aneurysm-related mortality" ], "offsets": [ [ 843, 869 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22523", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "mean hospital costs per patient over 4 years" ], "offsets": [ [ 1658, 1702 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22524", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "30-day operative mortality" ], "offsets": [ [ 1130, 1156 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22525", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "patients unfit for open repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm" ], "offsets": [ [ 44, 103 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22526", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "unfit for major surgery" ], "offsets": [ [ 308, 331 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22527", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "338 patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 537, 549 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22528", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "aged 60 years or older" ], "offsets": [ [ 550, 572 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22529", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "aneurysms of at least 5.5 cm in diameter" ], "offsets": [ [ 581, 621 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "22531", "type": "document", "text": [ "The effect of venlafaxine on ongoing and experimentally induced pain in neuropathic pain patients : a double blind , placebo controlled study . BACKGROUND AND AIM The aim of this randomized double blind placebo controlled study was to investigate the effectiveness and the safety of venlafaxine XR 75 and 150 mg on ongoing pain and on quantitative sensory tests in 60 patients with neuropathic pain for 8 weeks . METHODS Evaluation parameters consisted of ongoing pain intensity ( VAS ) , patient satisfaction , side effects , global efficacy and tolerance . Quantitative sensory measurements taken from the affected area before and after the drug treatment included pin-prick hyperalgesia , allodynia , detection and pain thresholds to electrical and heat stimuli , temporal summation of repetitive electrical and heat stimuli . RESULTS A total of 55 patients completed the study . VAS scores decreased significantly compared to the baseline measurements in all groups . There was no significant difference between the groups regarding pain intensity and escape medication . The areas of allodynia and pin-prick hyperalgesia decreased significantly in venlafaxine groups compared to the placebo . There was no significant difference between the groups regarding the detection thresholds ( electrical and heat ) . The pain threshold and the summation threshold to electrical stimuli and the summation threshold to heat stimuli increased significantly following treatment in both venlafaxine groups . In addition , the degree of the temporal summation to electrical and heat stimuli decreased significantly following treatment in both venlafaxine groups compared to the placebo . CONCLUSION The study showed significant effect of venlafaxine in the manifestations of hyperalgesia and temporal summation , but not on the ongoing pain intensity . Furthermore , the quantitative sensory tests provided complementing information to the clinical measures ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1950 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "22532", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "venlafaxine" ], "offsets": [ [ 14, 25 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22533", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 117, 124 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22534", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 117, 124 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22535", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "venlafaxine XR 75 and 150 mg" ], "offsets": [ [ 283, 311 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22536", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "venlafaxine" ], "offsets": [ [ 14, 25 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22537", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "venlafaxine" ], "offsets": [ [ 14, 25 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22538", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "venlafaxine" ], "offsets": [ [ 14, 25 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22539", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "VAS scores" ], "offsets": [ [ 883, 893 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22540", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "pain intensity and escape medication ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1037, 1075 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22541", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "areas of allodynia and pin-prick hyperalgesia" ], "offsets": [ [ 1080, 1125 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22542", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "pain threshold" ], "offsets": [ [ 718, 732 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22543", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "summation threshold to electrical stimuli" ], "offsets": [ [ 1341, 1382 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22544", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "and the" ], "offsets": [ [ 265, 272 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22545", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "summation threshold to heat stimuli" ], "offsets": [ [ 1391, 1426 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22546", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "degree of the temporal summation to electrical and heat stimuli" ], "offsets": [ [ 1518, 1581 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22547", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "neuropathic pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 72, 88 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22548", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "60" ], "offsets": [ [ 365, 367 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22549", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "neuropathic pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 72, 88 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22550", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "55" ], "offsets": [ [ 849, 851 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "22552", "type": "document", "text": [ "Long term follow up of patients treated for Helicobacter pylori infection . BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori infection induces progressive inflammatory changes in the gastric mucosa that may lead to gastric cancer . Understanding long term effects resulting from the cure of this infection is needed to design cancer prevention strategies . METHODS A cohort of 795 adults with preneoplastic gastric lesions was randomised to receive anti-H pylori treatment and/or antioxidants . At the end of six years of intervention , those who did not receive anti-H pylori treatment were offered it . Gastric biopsies were obtained at baseline , and at 3 , 6 , and 12 years . A histopathology score was utilised to document changes in gastric lesions . Non-linear mixed models were used to estimate the cumulative effect of H pylori clearance on histopathology scores adjusted for follow up time , interventions , and confounders . RESULTS Ninety seven per cent of subjects were H pylori positive at baseline , and 53 % were positive at 12 years . Subjects accumulated 1703 person years free of infection . A multivariate model showed a significant regression in histopathology score as a function of the square of H pylori negative time . Subjects who were H pylori negative had 14.8 % more regression and 13.7 % less progression than patients who were positive at 12 years ( p = 0.001 ) . The rate of healing of gastric lesions occurred more rapidly as years free of infection accumulated , and was more pronounced in less advanced lesions . CONCLUSIONS Preneoplastic gastric lesions regress at a rate equal to the square of time in patients rendered free of H pylori infection . Our findings suggest that patients with preneoplastic gastric lesions should be treated and cured of their H pylori infection ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1795 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "22553", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "receive anti-H pylori treatment and/or antioxidants" ], "offsets": [ [ 423, 474 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22554", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Helicobacter pylori infection ." ], "offsets": [ [ 44, 75 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22555", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "inflammatory changes" ], "offsets": [ [ 137, 157 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22556", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "histopathology score" ], "offsets": [ [ 664, 684 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22557", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "gastric lesions ." ], "offsets": [ [ 721, 738 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22558", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "H pylori" ], "offsets": [ [ 436, 444 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22559", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "free of infection ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1073, 1092 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22560", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "regression in histopathology score" ], "offsets": [ [ 1135, 1169 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22561", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "H pylori negative time ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1201, 1225 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22562", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "H pylori" ], "offsets": [ [ 436, 444 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22563", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "regression" ], "offsets": [ [ 1135, 1145 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22564", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "progression" ], "offsets": [ [ 1305, 1316 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22565", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "rate of healing of gastric lesions" ], "offsets": [ [ 1381, 1415 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22566", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "years free of infection" ], "offsets": [ [ 1067, 1090 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22567", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Preneoplastic gastric lesions" ], "offsets": [ [ 1542, 1571 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22568", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Helicobacter pylori infection" ], "offsets": [ [ 44, 73 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22569", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "795" ], "offsets": [ [ 359, 362 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22570", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "adults" ], "offsets": [ [ 363, 369 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22571", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "preneoplastic gastric lesions" ], "offsets": [ [ 375, 404 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22572", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "preneoplastic gastric lesions" ], "offsets": [ [ 375, 404 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "22574", "type": "document", "text": [ "D-dimer predicts outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage : no effect of thromboprophylaxis on coagulation activity . OBJECTIVE Approximately one-third of all patients with acute nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage ( SAH ) experience complications owing to delayed ischemic deficit . We reported recently that enoxaparin 40 mg once daily for 10 days seems safe and demonstrates thromboprophylactic efficacy , but it failed to improve outcome in a randomized SAH trial . In the present study , we assessed hemostatic variables associated with clinical status and outcome of SAH . We also monitored the effect of enoxaparin on activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis after closure of the ruptured aneurysm . METHODS Blood samples to measure activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis were collected from 42 patients participating in the enoxaparin trial for acute aneurysmal SAH at four time points : 1 ) at hospital admission ; 2 ) 12 to 24 hours after aneurysm surgery but before initiation of enoxaparin therapy ; 3 ) 3 hours after the first dose ; and 4 ) at the conclusion of treatment . RESULTS At admission , several variables of coagulation and fibrinolysis were elevated and correlated well with clinical status . Specifically , D-dimer levels at all four time points correlated with patients ' long-term outcomes . A single dose of enoxaparin suppressed early coagulation activity , but thrombin generation was not inhibited during thromboprophylaxis . However , PAI-1 activity was suppressed . CONCLUSION D-dimer offers a useful laboratory tool for assessing early and late clinical severity of SAH . A thromboprophylactic dose of enoxaparin inhibited PAI-1 activity but failed to down-regulate coagulation activity and D-dimer . These findings are compatible with the lack of efficacy of enoxaparin in reducing ischemic deficit after SAH ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1861 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "22575", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "enoxaparin" ], "offsets": [ [ 319, 329 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22576", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "enoxaparin" ], "offsets": [ [ 319, 329 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22577", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "enoxaparin" ], "offsets": [ [ 319, 329 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22578", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "enoxaparin" ], "offsets": [ [ 319, 329 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22579", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "enoxaparin" ], "offsets": [ [ 319, 329 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22580", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "enoxaparin" ], "offsets": [ [ 319, 329 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22581", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "enoxaparin" ], "offsets": [ [ 319, 329 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22582", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "coagulation activity" ], "offsets": [ [ 103, 123 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22583", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "thromboprophylactic efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 387, 415 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22584", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "hemostatic variables" ], "offsets": [ [ 514, 534 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22585", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis" ], "offsets": [ [ 634, 676 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22586", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Blood samples" ], "offsets": [ [ 726, 739 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22587", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "activation of coagulation" ], "offsets": [ [ 634, 659 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22588", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "fibrinolysis" ], "offsets": [ [ 664, 676 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22589", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "variables of coagulation and fibrinolysis" ], "offsets": [ [ 1134, 1175 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22590", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "D-dimer levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 1248, 1262 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22591", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "early coagulation activity" ], "offsets": [ [ 1374, 1400 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22592", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "thrombin generation" ], "offsets": [ [ 1407, 1426 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22593", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "PAI-1 activity" ], "offsets": [ [ 1483, 1497 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22594", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "severity of SAH" ], "offsets": [ [ 1604, 1619 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22595", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "PAI-1 activity" ], "offsets": [ [ 1483, 1497 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22596", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "coagulation activity and D-dimer" ], "offsets": [ [ 1716, 1748 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22597", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "subarachnoid hemorrhage :" ], "offsets": [ [ 42, 67 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22598", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "acute nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage ( SAH )" ], "offsets": [ [ 181, 231 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22599", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "42" ], "offsets": [ [ 814, 816 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22600", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "acute aneurysmal SAH" ], "offsets": [ [ 868, 888 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "22602", "type": "document", "text": [ "The assessment of erythema and thickness on burn related scars during pressure garment therapy as a preventive measure for hypertrophic scarring . The aim of this study was threefold : ( 1 ) Assess the pressure loss of two types of pressure garments that are used in the treatment of hypertrophic scars after burn injury , ( 2 ) investigate the influence of two different levels of compression on erythema and thickness of burn scars and ( 3 ) examine the association between erythema and thickness . The study was a prospective trial in which 76 burn scars in 60 patients were objectively assessed with the Minolta Chromameter CR-300 for erythema and with the Dermascan C for thickness of the scar over a period of 3 months . Each patient was randomly assigned to a \" normal \" or \" lower \" compression class treatment , with respectively mean values of 15 and 10 mmHg pressure after wearing the garment for 1 month . Measurements for both parameters were taken at 0 , 1 , 2 and 3 months of treatment . Pressure garments with \" normal \" compression did lose significantly more compression over 1 month ( 4.82 mmHg ) than did the garments from the low compression class ( 2.57 mmHg ) . Scars that were treated with garments from a \" normal \" compression class did score significantly better for thickness compared to the \" low \" compression class . The difference in thickness was most evident at 1 month . Thereafter no further significant improvement between the two different treatments over time could be obtained . This difference was not found for erythema . Positive correlations could be found between erythema and thickness values at all of the three test points while changes in erythema and thickness only correlated significantly after the first month . The pattern of change of both parameters correlated at a high level of significance after 3 months of treatment . These data suggest that pressure garments that deliver a pressure of at least 15 mmHg pressure tend to accelerate scar maturation and that measurements of the pattern of change of the erythema can be used to predict changes in scar thickness and vice versa ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2137 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "22603", "type": "Intervention_Psychological", "text": [ "pressure garment therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 70, 94 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22604", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "two types of pressure garments" ], "offsets": [ [ 219, 249 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22605", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "two different levels of compression" ], "offsets": [ [ 358, 393 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22606", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Minolta Chromameter CR-300 for erythema" ], "offsets": [ [ 608, 647 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22607", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Dermascan C" ], "offsets": [ [ 661, 672 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22608", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "for thickness of the scar" ], "offsets": [ [ 673, 698 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22609", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "wearing the garment" ], "offsets": [ [ 884, 903 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22610", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "erythema and thickness on burn related scars" ], "offsets": [ [ 18, 62 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22611", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "erythema and thickness of burn scars" ], "offsets": [ [ 397, 433 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22612", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "erythema and thickness ." ], "offsets": [ [ 476, 500 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22613", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Minolta Chromameter CR-300" ], "offsets": [ [ 608, 634 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22614", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Dermascan C for thickness of the scar" ], "offsets": [ [ 661, 698 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22615", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "compression" ], "offsets": [ [ 382, 393 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22616", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Scars" ], "offsets": [ [ 1185, 1190 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22617", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "thickness" ], "offsets": [ [ 31, 40 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22618", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "thickness" ], "offsets": [ [ 31, 40 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22619", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "erythema ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1553, 1563 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22620", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "erythema and thickness values" ], "offsets": [ [ 1609, 1638 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22621", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "erythema and thickness" ], "offsets": [ [ 18, 40 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22622", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "scar maturation" ], "offsets": [ [ 1993, 2008 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22623", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "hypertrophic scars after burn injury" ], "offsets": [ [ 284, 320 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22624", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "burn scars" ], "offsets": [ [ 423, 433 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22625", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "60 patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 561, 572 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "22627", "type": "document", "text": [ "Risperidone treatment of autistic disorder : longer-term benefits and blinded discontinuation after 6 months . OBJECTIVE Risperidone is effective for short-term treatment of aggression , temper outbursts , and self-injurious behavior in children with autism . Because these behaviors may be chronic , there is a need to establish the efficacy and safety of longer-term treatment with this agent . METHOD The authors conducted a multisite , two-part study of risperidone in children ages 5 to 17 years with autism accompanied by severe tantrums , aggression , and/or self-injurious behavior who showed a positive response in an earlier 8-week trial . Part I consisted of 4-month open-label treatment with risperidone , starting at the established optimal dose ; part II was an 8-week randomized , double-blind , placebo-substitution study of risperidone withdrawal . Primary outcome measures were the Aberrant Behavior Checklist irritability subscale and the Clinical Global Impression improvement scale . RESULTS Part I included 63 children . The mean risperidone dose was 1.96 mg/day at entry and remained stable over 16 weeks of open treatment . The change on the Aberrant Behavior Checklist irritability subscale was small and clinically insignificant . Reasons for discontinuation of part I included loss of efficacy ( N=5 ) and adverse effects ( N=1 ) . The subjects gained an average of 5.1 kg . Part II included 32 patients . The relapse rates were 62.5 % for gradual placebo substitution and 12.5 % for continued risperidone ; this difference was statistically significant . CONCLUSIONS Risperidone showed persistent efficacy and good tolerability for intermediate-length treatment of children with autism characterized by tantrums , aggression , and/or self-injurious behavior . Discontinuation after 6 months was associated with a rapid return of disruptive and aggressive behavior in most subjects ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1910 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "22628", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Risperidone" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 11 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22629", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Risperidone" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 11 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22630", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "risperidone" ], "offsets": [ [ 458, 469 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22631", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "risperidone" ], "offsets": [ [ 458, 469 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22632", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo-substitution" ], "offsets": [ [ 811, 831 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22633", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "risperidone" ], "offsets": [ [ 458, 469 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22634", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "risperidone" ], "offsets": [ [ 458, 469 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22635", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "risperidone ;" ], "offsets": [ [ 1521, 1534 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22636", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Risperidone" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 11 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22637", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "Aberrant Behavior Checklist irritability subscale" ], "offsets": [ [ 900, 949 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22638", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "Clinical Global Impression improvement scale" ], "offsets": [ [ 958, 1002 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22639", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "Aberrant Behavior Checklist irritability subscale" ], "offsets": [ [ 900, 949 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22640", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "loss of efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 1304, 1320 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22641", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "adverse effects" ], "offsets": [ [ 1333, 1348 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22642", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "relapse rates" ], "offsets": [ [ 1437, 1450 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22643", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 334, 342 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22644", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "tolerability" ], "offsets": [ [ 1643, 1655 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22645", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 237, 245 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22646", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "autism" ], "offsets": [ [ 251, 257 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22647", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 237, 245 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22648", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "5 to 17 years" ], "offsets": [ [ 487, 500 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22649", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "autism" ], "offsets": [ [ 251, 257 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22650", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "63" ], "offsets": [ [ 1029, 1031 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22651", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "32" ], "offsets": [ [ 1419, 1421 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "22653", "type": "document", "text": [ "Longterm safety , efficacy , and radiographic outcome with etanercept treatment in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis . OBJECTIVE To evaluate safety , efficacy , and radiographic progression in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) undergoing longterm treatment with etanercept . METHODS Patients with early RA ( disease duration of 3 years or less ) who had completed a 2-year efficacy study comparing etanercept and methotrexate ( MTX ) were followed in an extension where they received 25 mg etanercept twice weekly . Safety was summarized descriptively and compared with data from the efficacy study . Efficacy and radiographic progression were assessed using American College of Rheumatology response criteria , disease activity scores , and Total Sharp Score ( TSS ) . RESULTS Rates of serious adverse events and serious infections did not increase with longterm exposure to etanercept , and were similar to rates reported for the blinded portion of the efficacy study . Efficacy was sustained in patients who completed 5 years of etanercept treatment at the time of this report ( N = 201 ) , even in those who decreased or discontinued use of MTX or corticosteroids . No radiographic progression ( change in TSS < or = 0 ) was seen in 55 % of patients with 5-year radiographs ; negative change ( TSS < 0 ) was seen in 11 % . CONCLUSION Etanercept treatment in patients with early RA was generally well tolerated for up to 5 years . The results indicate sustained efficacy and decreased rate of radiographic progression . The rate of radiographic progression was low compared with other studies , emphasizing the benefit gained in patients with early aggressive RA who undergo longterm treatment with etanercept ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1735 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "22654", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "etanercept" ], "offsets": [ [ 59, 69 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22655", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "etanercept" ], "offsets": [ [ 59, 69 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22656", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "etanercept" ], "offsets": [ [ 59, 69 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22657", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "methotrexate" ], "offsets": [ [ 434, 446 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22658", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "etanercept" ], "offsets": [ [ 59, 69 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22659", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "etanercept" ], "offsets": [ [ 59, 69 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22660", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Etanercept" ], "offsets": [ [ 1359, 1369 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22661", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "etanercept" ], "offsets": [ [ 59, 69 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22662", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Longterm safety" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 15 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22663", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 18, 26 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22664", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "radiographic outcome" ], "offsets": [ [ 33, 53 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22665", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "safety , efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 9, 26 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22666", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "radiographic progression" ], "offsets": [ [ 172, 196 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22667", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Safety" ], "offsets": [ [ 537, 543 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22668", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 622, 630 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22669", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "radiographic progression" ], "offsets": [ [ 172, 196 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22670", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "Rates of serious adverse events and serious infections" ], "offsets": [ [ 799, 853 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22671", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 622, 630 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22672", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "radiographic progression" ], "offsets": [ [ 172, 196 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22673", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 18, 26 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22674", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "rate of radiographic progression" ], "offsets": [ [ 1509, 1541 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22675", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "rate of radiographic progression" ], "offsets": [ [ 1509, 1541 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22676", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "early rheumatoid arthritis" ], "offsets": [ [ 97, 123 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22677", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "early rheumatoid arthritis ( RA )" ], "offsets": [ [ 214, 247 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22678", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "early RA" ], "offsets": [ [ 318, 326 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22679", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "etanercept and methotrexate ( MTX )" ], "offsets": [ [ 419, 454 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22680", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "patients who completed 5 years of etanercept treatment" ], "offsets": [ [ 1019, 1073 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22681", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "patients with early RA" ], "offsets": [ [ 1383, 1405 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22682", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "patients with early aggressive RA" ], "offsets": [ [ 1653, 1686 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "22684", "type": "document", "text": [ "Prospective , randomized comparison of transperitoneal versus retroperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy . PURPOSE We report a prospective , randomized comparison of transperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy ( TLA ) vs retroperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy ( RLA ) for adrenal lesions with long-term followup . MATERIALS AND METHODS Between December 1997 and November 1999 , 57 consecutive eligible patients with surgical adrenal disease were prospectively randomized to undergo TLA ( 25 ) or RLA ( 32 ) . Study exclusion criteria were patient age greater than 80 years , body mass index greater than 40 , bilateral adrenalectomy and significant prior abdominal surgery in the quadrant of interest . Mean followup was 5.96 years in the 2 groups . RESULTS The groups were matched in regard to patient age ( p = 0.84 ) , body mass index ( p = 0.43 ) , American Society of Anesthesiologists class ( p = 0.81 ) and laterality ( p = 0.12 ) . Median adrenal mass size was 2.7 cm ( range 1 to 9 ) in the TLA group and 2.6 cm ( range 0.5 to 6 ) in the RLA group ( p = 0.83 ) . TLA was comparable to RLA in terms of operative time ( 130 vs 126.5 minutes , p = 0.64 ) , estimated blood loss ( p = 0.92 ) , specimen weight ( p = 0.81 ) , analgesic requirements ( p = 0.25 ) , hospital stay ( p = 0.56 ) and the complication rate ( p = 0.58 ) . One case per group was electively converted to open surgery . Pathology data on the intact extracted specimens were similar between the groups . Averaged convalescence was 4.7 weeks in the TLA group and 2.3 weeks in the RLA group ( p = 0.02 ) . During a mean followup of 6 years 2 patients in the TLA group had a late complication ( port site hernia ) . Mortality occurred in 5 patients , including 1 with TLA and 4 with RLA , during the 6-year followup . CONCLUSIONS For most benign adrenal lesions requiring surgery laparoscopic adrenalectomy can be performed safely and effectively by the transperitoneal or the retroperitoneal approach ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1980 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "22685", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "transperitoneal" ], "offsets": [ [ 39, 54 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22686", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "retroperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy" ], "offsets": [ [ 62, 104 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22687", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "transperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy ( TLA )" ], "offsets": [ [ 166, 216 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22688", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "retroperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy ( RLA )" ], "offsets": [ [ 220, 270 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22689", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "TLA" ], "offsets": [ [ 211, 214 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22690", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "RLA" ], "offsets": [ [ 265, 268 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22691", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "laparoscopic adrenalectomy" ], "offsets": [ [ 78, 104 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22692", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "adrenal mass size" ], "offsets": [ [ 950, 967 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22693", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "operative time" ], "offsets": [ [ 1113, 1127 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22694", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "estimated blood loss" ], "offsets": [ [ 1166, 1186 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22695", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "specimen weight" ], "offsets": [ [ 1202, 1217 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22696", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "analgesic requirements" ], "offsets": [ [ 1233, 1255 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22697", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "hospital stay" ], "offsets": [ [ 1271, 1284 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22698", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "complication rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 1306, 1323 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22699", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "convalescence" ], "offsets": [ [ 1493, 1506 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22700", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "late complication ( port site hernia )" ], "offsets": [ [ 1652, 1690 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22701", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "Mortality" ], "offsets": [ [ 1693, 1702 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22702", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "safely" ], "offsets": [ [ 1901, 1907 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22703", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "effectively" ], "offsets": [ [ 1912, 1923 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "22705", "type": "document", "text": [ "Effect of cigarette smoking on gastric emptying of solids in Japanese smokers : a crossover study using the 13C-octanoic acid breath test . BACKGROUND Cigarette smoking is associated with an increased risk of peptic ulcer and gastroesophageal reflux disease . Gastric emptying disorders may play a role in the development of these upper gastrointestinal diseases . Thus , studies examining a link between smoking and gastric emptying disorders have clinical relevance . This study was conducted to investigate the effect of smoking on gastric emptying of solids in Japanese smokers . METHODS The ( 13 ) C-octanoic acid breath test was performed in eight male habitual smokers on two randomized occasions ( either sham smoking or actively smoking ) . The time vs ( 13 ) CO ( 2 ) excretion rate curve was mathematically fitted to a conventional formula of y ( t ) = m*k*beta*e ( -k*t ) * ( 1 - e ( -k*t ) ) ( beta-1 ) , and the parameters of k and beta were determined : under the crossover protocol , a larger ( smaller ) beta indicates slower ( faster ) emptying in the early phase , and a larger ( smaller ) k indicates faster ( slower ) emptying in the later phase . The half ( 13 ) CO ( 2 ) excretion time ( t ( 1/2b ) = - [ ln ( 1 - 2 ( -1/beta ) ) ] /k ) and the time of maximal ( 13 ) CO ( 2 ) excretion rate ( t ( max ) = [ lnbeta ] /k ) were also calculated . Between the two occasions , k , beta , t ( 1/2b ) , and t ( max ) were compared by the Wilcoxon signed-rank test . RESULTS After smoking , k was significantly increased . No significant differences were found in beta , t ( 1/2 ) , and t ( max ) between the two occasions . CONCLUSIONS The increase in k suggests the acceleration of gastric emptying in the later phase . For the first time , this study has revealed that acute smoking speeds the gastric emptying of solids in Japanese habitual smokers ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1870 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "22706", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "( 13 ) C-octanoic acid breath test" ], "offsets": [ [ 596, 630 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22707", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "effect of smoking" ], "offsets": [ [ 514, 531 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22708", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "acid breath test" ], "offsets": [ [ 121, 137 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22709", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "excretion rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 778, 792 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22710", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "parameters of k and beta" ], "offsets": [ [ 926, 950 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22711", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "slower ( faster ) emptying" ], "offsets": [ [ 1036, 1062 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22712", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "faster ( slower ) emptying" ], "offsets": [ [ 1121, 1147 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22713", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "half ( 13 ) CO ( 2 ) excretion time" ], "offsets": [ [ 1173, 1208 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22714", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "time of maximal ( 13 ) CO ( 2 ) excretion rate ( t ( max )" ], "offsets": [ [ 1268, 1326 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22715", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "k was significantly increased" ], "offsets": [ [ 1507, 1536 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22716", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "significant differences" ], "offsets": [ [ 1542, 1565 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22717", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Japanese habitual smokers ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1843, 1870 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "22719", "type": "document", "text": [ "Tolerance and efficacy of combined diethylcarbamazine and albendazole for treatment of Wuchereria bancrofti and intestinal helminth infections in Haitian children . This randomized , placebo-controlled trial investigated the tolerance , efficacy , and nutritional benefit of combining chemotherapeutic treatment of intestinal helminths and lymphatic filariasis . Children were infected with Ascaris ( 30.7 % ) , Trichuris ( 53.4 % ) , and hookworm ( 9.7 % ) with 69.9 % having more than one of these parasites . A total of 15.8 % of the children had Wuchereria bancrofti microfilariae . Children were randomly assigned treatment with placebo , albendazole ( ALB ) , diethylcarbamazine ( DEC ) , or combined therapy . The combination of DEC/ALB reduced microfilarial density compared with placebo , ALB , or DEC ( P < or = 0.03 ) . Albendazole and DEC/ALB reduced the prevalence of Ascaris , Trichuris , and hookworm more than placebo or DEC ( P < or = 0.03 ) . Among Trichuris-infected children , those receiving ALB and DEC/ALB demonstrated greater gains in weight compared with placebo ( P < or = 0.05 ) . Albendazole and DEC/ALB were equally efficacious in treating intestinal helminths and for children with W. bancrofti microfilaremia , DEC/ALB was more effective than DEC , with no increase in severity of adverse reactions ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1331 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "22720", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "combined diethylcarbamazine and albendazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 26, 69 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22721", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo-controlled" ], "offsets": [ [ 183, 201 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22722", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 183, 190 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22723", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "albendazole ( ALB )" ], "offsets": [ [ 644, 663 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22724", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "diethylcarbamazine ( DEC ) ," ], "offsets": [ [ 666, 694 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22725", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "combined therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 698, 714 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22726", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Albendazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 831, 842 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22727", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "DEC/ALB" ], "offsets": [ [ 736, 743 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22728", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ALB" ], "offsets": [ [ 658, 661 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22729", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "DEC/ALB" ], "offsets": [ [ 736, 743 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22730", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 183, 190 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22731", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Albendazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 831, 842 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22732", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "DEC/ALB" ], "offsets": [ [ 736, 743 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22733", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "DEC/ALB" ], "offsets": [ [ 736, 743 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22734", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "DEC" ], "offsets": [ [ 687, 690 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22735", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Tolerance and efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 22 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22736", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "The combination of DEC/ALB reduced microfilarial density compared with placebo , ALB , or DEC ( P < or = 0.03 ) ." ], "offsets": [ [ 717, 830 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22737", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Albendazole and DEC/ALB reduced the prevalence of Ascaris , Trichuris , and hookworm more than placebo or DEC ( P < or = 0.03 ) . Among Trichuris-infected children , those receiving ALB and DEC/ALB demonstrated greater gains in weight compared with placebo ( P < or = 0.05 ) ." ], "offsets": [ [ 831, 1107 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22738", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Albendazole and DEC/ALB were equally efficacious in treating intestinal helminths and for children with W." ], "offsets": [ [ 1108, 1214 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22739", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "bancrofti microfilaremia , DEC/ALB was more effective than DEC , with no increase in severity of adverse reactions ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1215, 1331 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22740", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Wuchereria bancrofti and intestinal helminth infections" ], "offsets": [ [ 87, 142 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22741", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 154, 162 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22742", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "Children" ], "offsets": [ [ 363, 371 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22743", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "infected with Ascaris ( 30.7 % ) , Trichuris ( 53.4 % ) , and hookworm ( 9.7 % ) with 69.9 % having more than one of these parasites" ], "offsets": [ [ 377, 509 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22744", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 154, 162 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22745", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Wuchereria bancrofti microfilariae" ], "offsets": [ [ 550, 584 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22746", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "Children" ], "offsets": [ [ 363, 371 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22747", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Trichuris-infected" ], "offsets": [ [ 967, 985 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22748", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 154, 162 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22749", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 154, 162 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22750", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "bancrofti microfilaremia" ], "offsets": [ [ 1215, 1239 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "22752", "type": "document", "text": [ "Simvastatin and preparation of polyunsaturated phospholipids produce similar changes in the phospholipid composition of high-density lipoproteins during hypercholesterolemia . We studied the phospholipid composition of high-density lipoproteins in patients with coronary heart disease and hypercholesterolemia treated with simvastatin ( Zocor , inhibitor of the key enzyme of cholesterol synthesis ) and preparation of polyunsaturated phospholipids ( lipostabil forte ) . Simvastatin produced a hypolipidemic effect and modulates the phospholipid composition of high-density lipoproteins ( similarly to lipostabil forte ) . These changes contribute to functional activity of high-density lipoproteins in the reverse cholesterol transport ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 739 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "22753", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Simvastatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 11 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22754", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "polyunsaturated phospholipids" ], "offsets": [ [ 31, 60 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22755", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "simvastatin ( Zocor" ], "offsets": [ [ 323, 342 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22756", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "phospholipids ( lipostabil forte )" ], "offsets": [ [ 435, 469 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22757", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Simvastatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 11 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22758", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "lipostabil forte" ], "offsets": [ [ 451, 467 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22759", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "hypolipidemic effect and modulates the phospholipid composition of high-density lipoproteins ( similarly to lipostabil forte ) ." ], "offsets": [ [ 495, 623 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22760", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "functional activity" ], "offsets": [ [ 652, 671 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22761", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "high-density lipoproteins" ], "offsets": [ [ 120, 145 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22762", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "hypercholesterolemia" ], "offsets": [ [ 153, 173 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22763", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "coronary heart disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 262, 284 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22764", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "hypercholesterolemia" ], "offsets": [ [ 153, 173 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22765", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "simvastatin ( Zocor , inhibitor of the key enzyme of cholesterol synthesis )" ], "offsets": [ [ 323, 399 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22766", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "polyunsaturated phospholipids ( lipostabil forte )" ], "offsets": [ [ 419, 469 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "22768", "type": "document", "text": [ "Administrative Data Feedback for Effective Cardiac Treatment : AFFECT , a cluster randomized trial . CONTEXT Hospital report cards are increasingly being implemented for quality improvement despite lack of strong evidence to support their use . OBJECTIVE To determine whether hospital report cards constructed using linked hospital and prescription administrative databases are effective for improving quality of care for acute myocardial infarction ( AMI ) . DESIGN The Administrative Data Feedback for Effective Cardiac Treatment ( AFFECT ) study , a cluster randomized trial . SETTING AND PATIENTS Patients with AMI who were admitted to 76 acute care hospitals in Quebec that treated at least 30 AMI patients per year between April 1 , 1999 , and March 31 , 2003 . INTERVENTION Hospitals were randomly assigned to receive rapid ( immediate ; n = 38 hospitals and 2533 patients ) or delayed ( 14 months ; n = 38 hospitals and 3142 patients ) confidential feedback on quality indicators constructed using administrative data . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Quality indicators pertaining to processes of care and outcomes of patients admitted between 4 and 10 months after randomization . The primary indicator was the proportion of elderly survivors of AMI at each study hospital who filled a prescription for a beta-blocker within 30 days after discharge . RESULTS At follow-up , adjusted prescription rates within 30 days after discharge were similar in the early vs late groups ( for beta-blockers , odds ratio [ OR ] , 1.06 ; 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] , 0.82-1.37 ; for angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors , OR , 1.17 ; 95 % CI , 0.90-1.52 ; for lipid-lowering drugs , OR , 1.14 ; 95 % CI , 0.86-1.50 ; and for aspirin , OR , 1.05 ; 95 % CI , 0.84-1.33 ) . In addition , adjusted mortality was similar in both groups , as were length of in-hospital stay , physician visits after discharge , waiting times for invasive cardiac procedures , and readmissions for cardiac complications . CONCLUSIONS Feedback based on one-time , confidential report cards constructed using administrative data is not an effective strategy for quality improvement regarding care of patients with AMI . A need exists for further studies to rigorously evaluate the effectiveness of more intensive report card interventions ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2308 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "22769", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "Effective Cardiac Treatment" ], "offsets": [ [ 33, 60 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22770", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ ":" ], "offsets": [ [ 61, 62 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22771", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "hospital report cards constructed using linked hospital and prescription administrative databases" ], "offsets": [ [ 276, 373 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22772", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "Administrative Data Feedback for Effective Cardiac Treatment" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 60 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22773", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "rapid" ], "offsets": [ [ 825, 830 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22774", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "delayed" ], "offsets": [ [ 885, 892 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22775", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "confidential feedback on quality indicators constructed using administrative data" ], "offsets": [ [ 944, 1025 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22776", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "." ], "offsets": [ [ 99, 100 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22777", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "report card interventions" ], "offsets": [ [ 2281, 2306 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22778", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "." ], "offsets": [ [ 99, 100 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22779", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Effective Cardiac Treatment" ], "offsets": [ [ 33, 60 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22780", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "quality of care" ], "offsets": [ [ 402, 417 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22781", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "adjusted mortality" ], "offsets": [ [ 1779, 1797 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22782", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "length of in-hospital stay" ], "offsets": [ [ 1835, 1861 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22783", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "physician visits after discharge" ], "offsets": [ [ 1864, 1896 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22784", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "waiting times for invasive cardiac procedures ," ], "offsets": [ [ 1899, 1946 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22785", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "readmissions for cardiac complications" ], "offsets": [ [ 1951, 1989 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22786", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "effectiveness" ], "offsets": [ [ 2249, 2262 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22787", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "acute myocardial infarction" ], "offsets": [ [ 422, 449 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22788", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "AMI" ], "offsets": [ [ 452, 455 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22789", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "2533" ], "offsets": [ [ 866, 870 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22790", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "3142" ], "offsets": [ [ 928, 932 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "22792", "type": "document", "text": [ "Trichuris infections in pigs : a treatment trial in the field ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 63 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "22793", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "treatment trial" ], "offsets": [ [ 33, 48 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "22795", "type": "document", "text": [ "Determinants of the effect of estrogen on the progression of subclinical atherosclerosis : Estrogen in the Prevention of Atherosclerosis Trial . OBJECTIVE To determine the extent to which the estrogen-induced changes in lipids and markers of carbohydrate metabolism explain the beneficial effect of estrogen therapy on the progression of carotid artery intima-media thickness ( IMT ) in postmenopausal women . DESIGN A randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled , single-center trial enrolling 222 postmenopausal women 45 years and older without cardiovascular disease and with low-density lipoprotein ( LDL ) cholesterol levels of 3.37 mmol/L or greater ( > or = 130 mg/dL ) . Intervention was unopposed micronized 17beta-estradiol versus placebo . Measurements were made using high-resolution B-mode ultrasonography to measure carotid artery IMT at baseline and every 6 months on-trial . RESULTS Progression of carotid IMT was inversely related to on-trial high-density lipoprotein ( HDL ) cholesterol ( P = 0.04 ) and was directly related to on-trial LDL-cholesterol ( P = 0.005 ) . Compared with placebo , women randomized to estradiol showed a higher mean on-trial HDL-cholesterol level and a lower mean on-trial LDL-cholesterol level . In contrast , fasting glucose , insulin , and hemoglobin A1C were lowered and insulin sensitivity increased with estradiol therapy , but the changes were not related to carotid IMT progression . On-trial HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were significant independent determinants of carotid IMT progression , jointly explaining 30 % of the treatment effect of unopposed estrogen on the progression of carotid IMT . CONCLUSION Unopposed 17beta-estradiol reduced carotid IMT progression in postmenopausal women in part by increasing HDL-cholesterol and decreasing LDL-cholesterol . Although women randomized to estradiol showed improvement in all the markers of carbohydrate metabolism , these factors did not play a significant role in carotid IMT progression ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2008 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "22796", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "estrogen" ], "offsets": [ [ 30, 38 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22797", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Estrogen" ], "offsets": [ [ 91, 99 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22798", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "estrogen therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 299, 315 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22799", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo-controlled" ], "offsets": [ [ 447, 465 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22800", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "unopposed micronized 17beta-estradiol" ], "offsets": [ [ 699, 736 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22801", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 447, 454 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22802", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "B-mode ultrasonography" ], "offsets": [ [ 799, 821 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22803", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 447, 454 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22804", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "estradiol" ], "offsets": [ [ 727, 736 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22805", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "estradiol" ], "offsets": [ [ 727, 736 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22806", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "unopposed estrogen" ], "offsets": [ [ 1608, 1626 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22807", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Unopposed 17beta-estradiol" ], "offsets": [ [ 1674, 1700 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22808", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "estradiol" ], "offsets": [ [ 727, 736 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22809", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "subclinical atherosclerosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 61, 88 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22810", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "progression of carotid artery intima-media thickness ( IMT )" ], "offsets": [ [ 323, 383 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22811", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "carotid artery IMT" ], "offsets": [ [ 833, 851 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22812", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "carotid IMT" ], "offsets": [ [ 917, 928 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22813", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "high-density lipoprotein ( HDL ) cholesterol" ], "offsets": [ [ 963, 1007 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22814", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "HDL-cholesterol level" ], "offsets": [ [ 1174, 1195 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22815", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "LDL-cholesterol level ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1222, 1245 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22816", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "fasting glucose" ], "offsets": [ [ 1260, 1275 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22817", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "insulin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1278, 1285 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22818", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "hemoglobin A1C" ], "offsets": [ [ 1292, 1306 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22819", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "HDL-cholesterol" ], "offsets": [ [ 1174, 1189 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22820", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "LDL-cholesterol" ], "offsets": [ [ 1058, 1073 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22821", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "carotid IMT" ], "offsets": [ [ 917, 928 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22822", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "carotid IMT" ], "offsets": [ [ 917, 928 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22823", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "carotid IMT" ], "offsets": [ [ 917, 928 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22824", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "HDL-cholesterol" ], "offsets": [ [ 1174, 1189 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22825", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "LDL-cholesterol" ], "offsets": [ [ 1058, 1073 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22826", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "carotid IMT" ], "offsets": [ [ 917, 928 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22827", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "postmenopausal" ], "offsets": [ [ 387, 401 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22828", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 402, 407 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22829", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "222" ], "offsets": [ [ 498, 501 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22830", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 402, 407 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22831", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "45 years and older" ], "offsets": [ [ 523, 541 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22832", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "cardiovascular disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 550, 572 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22833", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "with low-density lipoprotein ( LDL ) cholesterol levels of 3.37 mmol/L or greater ( > or = 130 mg/dL" ], "offsets": [ [ 577, 677 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22834", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "postmenopausal" ], "offsets": [ [ 387, 401 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22835", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 402, 407 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22836", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 402, 407 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "22838", "type": "document", "text": [ "Superior efficacy of clopidogrel plus acetylsalicylic acid compared with extended-release dipyridamole plus acetylsalicylic acid in preventing arterial thrombogenesis in healthy volunteers . INTRODUCTION Recent ex vivo platelet aggregometry data indicate that clopidogrel 75 mg/day plus acetylsalicylic acid ( ASA ) 75 mg/day is a more potent antiplatelet regimen than the marketed combination of dipyridamole+ASA . The present study was designed to assess the antithrombotic effect of both dual antiplatelet regimens using a human ex vivo model of arterial thrombosis . MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled , crossover study . During two 10-day treatment periods separated by a 14-day washout period , 23 healthy male volunteers received once-daily clopidogrel 75 mg plus acetylsalicylic acid 75 mg , or twice-daily extended-release dipyridamole 200 mg plus acetylsalicylic acid 25 mg . Assessments were made at baseline and on Day 10 of each period . Arterial thrombus formation was induced ex vivo by exposing a collagen-coated surface in a parallel-plate perfusion chamber to native blood for 3 min ( arterial wall shear rate 2600 s ( -1 ) ) . Total platelet and fibrin deposition was determined by immunoenzymatic methods . RESULTS Compared with baseline values , the mean inhibition of total platelet deposition was 63.9+/-5.9 % with clopidogrel plus acetylsalicylic acid , compared with 18.4+/-5.6 % for extended-release dipyridamole plus acetylsalicylic acid ( 67 % reduction ; 95 % CI , 49-79 % ; p < 0.0001 ) . Corresponding figures for fibrin deposition were 64.9+/-4.8 % and 18.3+/-9.7 % , respectively ( 58 % reduction ; 95 % CI , 45-67 % ; p < 0.0001 ) . Both treatments were well tolerated . CONCLUSIONS Clopidogrel plus acetylsalicylic acid showed significantly superior antithrombotic efficacy compared with extended-release dipyridamole plus acetylsalicylic acid in preventing arterial thrombogenesis in humans ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1973 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "22839", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "clopidogrel plus acetylsalicylic acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 21, 58 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22840", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "extended-release dipyridamole plus acetylsalicylic acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 73, 128 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22841", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "clopidogrel" ], "offsets": [ [ 21, 32 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22842", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "plus acetylsalicylic acid ( ASA )" ], "offsets": [ [ 282, 315 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22843", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "dipyridamole+ASA" ], "offsets": [ [ 397, 413 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22844", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "dual antiplatelet regimens" ], "offsets": [ [ 491, 517 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22845", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "clopidogrel 75 mg plus acetylsalicylic acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 793, 836 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22846", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "extended-release dipyridamole 200 mg plus acetylsalicylic acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 860, 922 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22847", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "clopidogrel" ], "offsets": [ [ 21, 32 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22848", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "acetylsalicylic acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 38, 58 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22849", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "extended-release dipyridamole" ], "offsets": [ [ 73, 102 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22850", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "acetylsalicylic acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 38, 58 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22851", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Clopidogrel" ], "offsets": [ [ 1762, 1773 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22852", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "acetylsalicylic acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 38, 58 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22853", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "extended-release dipyridamole" ], "offsets": [ [ 73, 102 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22854", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "acetylsalicylic acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 38, 58 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22855", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Total platelet" ], "offsets": [ [ 1191, 1205 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22856", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "fibrin deposition" ], "offsets": [ [ 1210, 1227 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22857", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "mean inhibition of total platelet deposition" ], "offsets": [ [ 1316, 1360 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22858", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "fibrin deposition" ], "offsets": [ [ 1210, 1227 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22859", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "tolerated" ], "offsets": [ [ 1738, 1747 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22860", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "healthy" ], "offsets": [ [ 170, 177 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22861", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "23" ], "offsets": [ [ 746, 748 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22862", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "healthy" ], "offsets": [ [ 170, 177 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22863", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "male" ], "offsets": [ [ 757, 761 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "22865", "type": "document", "text": [ "Investigation of maxillary tooth sizes in patients with palatal canine displacement . AIM The aim of this retrospective trial was to investigate differences in mesiodistal and vestibulo-oral crown sizes of naturally , fully-erupted permanent maxillary teeth between patients with and without palatal canine displacement . PATIENTS AND METHOD 115 patients ( mean age : 14 years 10 months ; females : 77 males : 38 ) treated in the Department of Orthodontics , University of Munich were included in the study . 65 of the patients showed at least one palatally-displaced canine . Diagnosis and the location of the displacement were determined on the basis of standardized radiographs and confirmed by surgical documentation . Each maxillary tooth 's mesiodistal and vestibulo-oral width was measured using a dial caliper on each dental cast . Excluded were partially-erupted teeth and surfaces with caries or restorations that had to be measured . An analysis of available space was made by evaluating the pre-treatment dental casts of all patients included in the study . RESULTS Comparing the tooth widths of patients with unilateral canine displacement with the corresponding contralateral quadrants , we noted a statistically significant difference , namely that the central and lateral incisors and the canines of the affected side were narrower than those of the non-affected side in the same patient . Moreover , the displaced upper canines showed an increase in vestibulo-oral dimension . Overall tooth width ( including all tooth groups ) in patients with palatally-displaced canines was significantly less than that in the control group . However , when comparing the crown diameters of unilaterally- and bilaterally-affected patients , no differences in tooth-size were observed . The space-analysis showed excessive dental-arch space in patients with a palatally-displaced canine . CONCLUSION Patients affected by palatal canine displacement showed significantly smaller maxillary tooth size ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2002 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "22866", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "standardized radiographs" ], "offsets": [ [ 656, 680 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22867", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "dial caliper" ], "offsets": [ [ 805, 817 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22868", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "maxillary tooth sizes" ], "offsets": [ [ 17, 38 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22869", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "tooth widths" ], "offsets": [ [ 1092, 1104 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22870", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "vestibulo-oral dimension" ], "offsets": [ [ 1467, 1491 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22871", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Overall tooth width" ], "offsets": [ [ 1494, 1513 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22872", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "crown diameters" ], "offsets": [ [ 1675, 1690 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22873", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "tooth-size" ], "offsets": [ [ 1762, 1772 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22874", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "dental-arch space" ], "offsets": [ [ 1825, 1842 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22875", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "65 of the patients showed at least one palatally-displaced canine . Diagnosis and the location of the displacement were determined on the basis of standardized radiographs and confirmed by surgical documentation ." ], "offsets": [ [ 509, 722 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "22877", "type": "document", "text": [ "Autism-Spectrum Quotient-Japanese version and its short forms for screening normally intelligent persons with pervasive developmental disorders . A Japanese version of the Autism Spectrum Quotient ( AQ ) , AQ-J was administered to 25 normally intelligent high-functioning pervasive developmental disorder ( HPDD ) patients ( mean age , 24.2 years ; 24 male , one female ) and 215 controls ( mean age , 30.4 years ; 86 male , 129 female ) randomly selected from the general population . The AQ-J had satisfactory internal consistency reliability ( Cronbach 's alpha > 0.70 in the two groups ) , test-retest reliability , and discriminant validity [ i.e . the AQ-J score was significantly higher in the HPDD ( mean , 29.6 ) than controls ( mean , 22.2 ) ] . At a cut-off of 26 , the AQ-J had satisfactory sensitivity , specificity , and negative predictive value , but it had low positive predictive value ( 0.24 ) possibly due to the facts that the 25 mild HPDD patients scored lower and the controls scored higher on the AQ-J than British counterparts on the AQ . The AQ-J-21 ( consisting of 21 items significantly associated with HPDD diagnosis ) and the AQ-J-10 ( consisting of 10 of the 21 items with an effect size > 0.17 ) had higher , although not satisfactory , positive predictive values of 0.35 and 0.46 at cut-offs of 12 and 7 , respectively , than the AQ-J . The AQ-J and two short forms are useful not to predict but to rule out mild HPDD , the most difficult part of HPDD to be distinguished from non-PDD conditions , in persons scoring under the cut-offs and to consider professionals ' examination of HPDD in persons scoring over them , because their negative predictive values were satisfactory ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1712 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "22878", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "Autism-Spectrum Quotient-Japanese" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 33 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22879", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "Japanese version of the Autism Spectrum Quotient ( AQ ) , AQ-J" ], "offsets": [ [ 148, 210 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22880", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "AQ-J" ], "offsets": [ [ 206, 210 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22881", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "AQ-J" ], "offsets": [ [ 206, 210 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22882", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "AQ-J" ], "offsets": [ [ 206, 210 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22883", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "AQ-J-21" ], "offsets": [ [ 1068, 1075 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22884", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "AQ-J-10" ], "offsets": [ [ 1156, 1163 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22885", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "AQ-J" ], "offsets": [ [ 206, 210 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22886", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "AQ-J" ], "offsets": [ [ 206, 210 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22887", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "satisfactory internal consistency reliability" ], "offsets": [ [ 499, 544 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22888", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "test-retest reliability , and discriminant validity" ], "offsets": [ [ 594, 645 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22889", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "satisfactory sensitivity , specificity , and negative predictive value" ], "offsets": [ [ 790, 860 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22890", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "low positive predictive value" ], "offsets": [ [ 874, 903 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22891", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "AQ-J-21 ( consisting of 21 items significantly" ], "offsets": [ [ 1068, 1114 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22892", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "associated with HPDD diagnosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 1115, 1145 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22893", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "AQ-J-10 ( consisting of 10 of the 21 items with an" ], "offsets": [ [ 1156, 1206 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22894", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "effect size > 0.17" ], "offsets": [ [ 1207, 1225 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22895", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ ")" ], "offsets": [ [ 202, 203 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22896", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "not satisfactory , positive predictive values" ], "offsets": [ [ 1250, 1295 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22897", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "mild HPDD" ], "offsets": [ [ 951, 960 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22898", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "normally intelligent" ], "offsets": [ [ 76, 96 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22899", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "pervasive developmental disorders" ], "offsets": [ [ 110, 143 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22900", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "25" ], "offsets": [ [ 231, 233 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22901", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "normally intelligent high-functioning pervasive developmental disorder" ], "offsets": [ [ 234, 304 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22902", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "HPDD" ], "offsets": [ [ 307, 311 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22903", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "24.2 years" ], "offsets": [ [ 336, 346 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22904", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "24" ], "offsets": [ [ 336, 338 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22905", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "male" ], "offsets": [ [ 352, 356 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22906", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "one" ], "offsets": [ [ 359, 362 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22907", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "female" ], "offsets": [ [ 363, 369 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22908", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "215" ], "offsets": [ [ 376, 379 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22909", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "30.4 years" ], "offsets": [ [ 402, 412 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22910", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "86" ], "offsets": [ [ 415, 417 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22911", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "male" ], "offsets": [ [ 352, 356 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22912", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "129" ], "offsets": [ [ 425, 428 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22913", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "female" ], "offsets": [ [ 363, 369 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "22915", "type": "document", "text": [ "Prospective randomized multicenter trial of sevelamer hydrochloride and calcium carbonate for the treatment of hyperphosphatemia in hemodialysis patients in Japan . A prospective , randomized open-label trial of sevelamer hydrochloride with or without calcium carbonate ( CC ) involved 86 hemodialysis patients in Japan . The dosage of CC was fixed at 3.0 g/day for the 12-week study . After the first 4 weeks all subjects were changed from CC to sevelamer 3.0 g/day for another 4 weeks , then allocated randomly to three groups for the final 4 weeks : group A , sevelamer 6.0 g/day ; group B , sevelamer 3.0 g/day and CC 3.0 g/day ; group C , CC 3.0 g/day . The target serum phosphorous concentration ( P ) =5.5 mg/dL and the corrected calcium concentration ( Ca ) was 9.0-10.0 mg/dL . Of the 86 patients , 62 finished the study without a change of dosage and their data were analyzed ( group A , N=16 ; group B , N=26 ; group C , N=20 ) . At week 8 compared with week 4 , the concentration of P increased from 5.7+/-1.4 to 6.4+/-1.7 mg/dL in group A , and decreased significantly in groups B and C , and in group B compared with groups A and C ; groups A and C had similar concentrations at week 8 . The Ca concentration decreased significantly from 9.7+/-1.0 to 9.1+/-0.7 mg/dL after the change to sevelamer . At week 8 Ca was not significantly changed in group A , whereas a significant increase occurred in groups B and C. Side-effects with sevelamer administration occurred in 34 of the 86 patients and 24 dropped out of the study , with a high frequency in group A ( 13/29 ; 44.8 % ) . In conclusion , there was an additive effect of sevelamer for the treatment of hyperphosphatemia with CC . The combination therapy was better tolerated and showed higher patient compliance than CC or sevelamer monotherapy ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1816 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "22916", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "sevelamer hydrochloride and calcium carbonate" ], "offsets": [ [ 44, 89 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22917", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "sevelamer hydrochloride with or without calcium carbonate ( CC )" ], "offsets": [ [ 212, 276 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22918", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "CC to sevelamer" ], "offsets": [ [ 441, 456 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22919", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "group A , sevelamer 6.0 g/day" ], "offsets": [ [ 553, 582 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22920", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "CC 3.0 g/day ; group C" ], "offsets": [ [ 619, 641 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22921", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "CC 3.0 g/day" ], "offsets": [ [ 619, 631 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22922", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "sevelamer" ], "offsets": [ [ 44, 53 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22923", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "sevelamer" ], "offsets": [ [ 44, 53 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22924", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "hyperphosphatemia" ], "offsets": [ [ 111, 128 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22925", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "target serum phosphorous concentration" ], "offsets": [ [ 663, 701 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22926", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "corrected calcium concentration ( Ca )" ], "offsets": [ [ 727, 765 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22927", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "concentration of P" ], "offsets": [ [ 978, 996 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22928", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Ca concentration" ], "offsets": [ [ 1206, 1222 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22929", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Ca" ], "offsets": [ [ 761, 763 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22930", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "Side-effects" ], "offsets": [ [ 1428, 1440 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22931", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "additive effect" ], "offsets": [ [ 1622, 1637 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22932", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "tolerated" ], "offsets": [ [ 1735, 1744 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22933", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "patient compliance" ], "offsets": [ [ 1763, 1781 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22934", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "hyperphosphatemia in hemodialysis patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 111, 153 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22935", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Japan" ], "offsets": [ [ 157, 162 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22936", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "86" ], "offsets": [ [ 286, 288 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22937", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "hemodialysis" ], "offsets": [ [ 132, 144 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22938", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "62" ], "offsets": [ [ 808, 810 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22939", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "N=16" ], "offsets": [ [ 898, 902 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22940", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "N=26" ], "offsets": [ [ 915, 919 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22941", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "N=20" ], "offsets": [ [ 932, 936 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "22943", "type": "document", "text": [ "Effect of mild endurance exercise training and pravastatin on peripheral vasodilatation of forearm resistance vessels in patients with coronary artery disease . BACKGROUND Improved endothelial function may contribute to the beneficial effects of cholesterol lowering therapy in patients with coronary artery disease ( CAD ) , but results of the effect of statin therapy on endothelial function are disparate in these patients . Exercise training has been reported to improve endothelial function of patients at risk of or with established CAD . The goal of the study was to compare the effect of mild exercise training or statin therapy on forearm endothelial function in CAD patients with average cholesterol levels . DESIGN AND METHODS Twenty-eight sedentary male patients with angiographically documented CAD and average pretreatment total plasma cholesterol levels ( 5.1+/-0.9 mmol/l ) aged 42-75 years were included . They were randomly assigned in a 2 : 1 order to either statin therapy ( pravastatin , 40 mg daily ) or exercise training therapy ( mild endurance exercise three or more times a week ) . The effects of 10 weeks of either treatment on endothelium-dependent and independent vasodilation of forearm resistance vessels was assessed by plethysmography . Cardiopulmonary exercise testing was performed at baseline and after 10 weeks . RESULTS Ten weeks of pravastatin therapy significantly reduced low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( from 3.8+/-0.6 to 3.1+/-0.6 mmol/l at study end , P=0.04 ) and the ratio of total to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( from 4.9+/-0.8 to 3.7+/-0.7 mmol/l , P=0.002 ) . Exercise training did not significantly modify the lipid profile . Peak oxygen consumption , maximal achieved workload and exercise duration tended to improve in the exercise training group but remained unchanged in the pravastatin-treated group . Neither 10 weeks of pravastatin nor mild endurance exercise training improved endothelium-dependent or independent vasomotor function in forearm resistance vessels . CONCLUSIONS In patients with CAD and average cholesterol levels , 10 weeks of treatment with mild endurance exercise training or with pravastatin failed to improve endothelium-dependent or independent vasomotor function in forearm resistance vessels ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2290 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "22944", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "mild endurance exercise training" ], "offsets": [ [ 10, 42 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22945", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pravastatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 47, 58 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22946", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Exercise training" ], "offsets": [ [ 428, 445 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22947", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "mild exercise training" ], "offsets": [ [ 596, 618 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22948", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "statin therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 355, 369 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22949", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "statin therapy ( pravastatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 978, 1006 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22950", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "exercise training therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 1026, 1051 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22951", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "( mild endurance exercise three or more times a week )" ], "offsets": [ [ 1052, 1106 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22952", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Cardiopulmonary exercise" ], "offsets": [ [ 1271, 1295 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22953", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pravastatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 47, 58 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22954", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Exercise training" ], "offsets": [ [ 428, 445 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22955", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pravastatin-treated" ], "offsets": [ [ 1845, 1864 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22956", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pravastatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 47, 58 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22957", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "mild endurance exercise training" ], "offsets": [ [ 10, 42 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22958", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "mild endurance exercise training" ], "offsets": [ [ 10, 42 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22959", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pravastatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 47, 58 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22960", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "low-density lipoprotein cholesterol" ], "offsets": [ [ 1414, 1449 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22961", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "ratio of total to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol" ], "offsets": [ [ 1519, 1573 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22962", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "lipid profile" ], "offsets": [ [ 1676, 1689 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22963", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Peak oxygen consumption" ], "offsets": [ [ 1692, 1715 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22964", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "maximal achieved workload" ], "offsets": [ [ 1718, 1743 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22965", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "exercise duration" ], "offsets": [ [ 1748, 1765 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22966", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "endothelium-dependent or independent vasomotor function in forearm resistance vessels" ], "offsets": [ [ 1951, 2036 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22967", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "patients with coronary artery disease ." ], "offsets": [ [ 121, 160 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "22969", "type": "document", "text": [ "[ Treatment of hyperhomocysteinemia and endothelial dysfunction in renal-transplant recipients with vitamin B ] . OBJECTIVE To study the effect of vitamin B on treatment of hyperhomocysteinemia and endothelial dysfunction in renal-transplant recipients . METHODS Thirty-six stable hyperhomocysteinemic renal-transplant recipients were randomly assigned to vitamin treatment ( group A , n = 18 , folic acid 5 mg/d , vitamin B ( 6 ) 50 mg/d , B ( 12 ) 1000 microg/d ) or controlled group ( group B , n = 18 ) for 6 months . All subjects underwent assessment of levels for creatinine , creatinine clearance , average pressure , total cholesterol , triglyceride and fasting homocysteine . Endothelial function was evaluated using high-resolution vascular ultrasound . RESULTS The levels of homocysteine markedly decreased in group A [ ( 13 +/- 4 ) micromol/L vs ( 20 +/- 5 ) micromol/L , t = 5.3 , P < 0.01 ] after treatment , whereas no significant changes were observed in group B . In group A , endothelium dependent [ ( 12 +/- 5 ) % vs ( 9 +/- 5 ) % , t = 2.9 , P < 0.01 ] and independent [ ( 18 +/- 4 ) % vs ( 12 +/- 5 ) % , t = 3.4 , P < 0.01 ] vasodilatation responses significantly increased after treatment , no significant changes were observed in group B. Endothelium dependent [ ( 9 +/- 6 ) % , t = 2.8 , P < 0.01 ] and independent [ ( 12 +/- 5 ) % , t = 3.5 , P < 0.01 ] vasodilatation responses of group A were significantly lower than that of group B after treatment . CONCLUSIONS Vitamin B supplementation can reduce the levels of homocysteine and improve the endothelial function in hyperhomocysteinemic renal-transplant recipients ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1646 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "22970", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "vitamin treatment ( group A , n = 18 , folic acid 5 mg/d , vitamin B ( 6 ) 50 mg/d , B ( 12 ) 1000 microg/d )" ], "offsets": [ [ 356, 465 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22971", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "controlled group" ], "offsets": [ [ 469, 485 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22972", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "All subjects underwent assessment of levels for creatinine , creatinine clearance , average pressure , total cholesterol , triglyceride and fasting homocysteine ." ], "offsets": [ [ 522, 684 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22973", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "effect" ], "offsets": [ [ 137, 143 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22974", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "levels for creatinine , creatinine clearance , average pressure , total cholesterol , triglyceride and fasting homocysteine . Endothelial function" ], "offsets": [ [ 559, 705 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22975", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "vasodilatation responses" ], "offsets": [ [ 1147, 1171 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22976", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "vasodilatation responses" ], "offsets": [ [ 1147, 1171 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22977", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "renal-transplant recipients" ], "offsets": [ [ 67, 94 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22978", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "renal-transplant recipients ." ], "offsets": [ [ 225, 254 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22979", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "hyperhomocysteinemic renal-transplant recipients ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1596, 1646 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "22981", "type": "document", "text": [ "Reactivation of unstable angina after the discontinuation of heparin . BACKGROUND Heparin is an effective , widely used treatment for unstable angina . Among patients enrolled in a double-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled trial comparing intravenous heparin , aspirin , both treatments , and neither during the acute phase of unstable angina , we encountered patients in whom unstable angina was reactivated after heparin was discontinued . METHODS The study population included 403 of the original 479 patients in the trial who had completed six days of blinded therapy without refractory angina or myocardial infarction . After the discontinuation of therapy , clinical events , including reactivation of unstable angina and myocardial infarction occurring within 96 hours after hospitalization , were closely monitored . RESULTS Early reactivation occurred in 14 of the 107 patients who received heparin alone , as compared with only 5 patients in each of the other three study groups ( P less than 0.01 ) . These reactivations required urgent intervention ( thrombolysis , angioplasty , or coronary-bypass surgery ) in 11 patients treated with heparin alone , but in only 2 patients in the other groups combined ( P less than 0.01 ) . Four of the six patients who had a myocardial infarction during a reactivation of their disease were in the heparin group . Reactivations in this group occurred in a cluster a mean ( +/- SD ) of 9.5 +/- 5 hours after the discontinuation of the study drug but were randomly distributed over the initial 96 hours in the other three groups . CONCLUSIONS Although heparin is beneficial in treating unstable angina , the disease process may be reactivated within hours of the discontinuation of this drug . Concomitant therapy with aspirin may prevent this withdrawal phenomenon ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1820 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "22982", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "heparin" ], "offsets": [ [ 61, 68 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22983", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Heparin" ], "offsets": [ [ 82, 89 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22984", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo-controlled trial" ], "offsets": [ [ 209, 233 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22985", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "intravenous heparin" ], "offsets": [ [ 244, 263 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22986", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "aspirin" ], "offsets": [ [ 266, 273 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22987", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "both treatments" ], "offsets": [ [ 276, 291 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22988", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "heparin" ], "offsets": [ [ 61, 68 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22989", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "heparin" ], "offsets": [ [ 61, 68 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22990", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "heparin" ], "offsets": [ [ 61, 68 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22991", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "heparin" ], "offsets": [ [ 61, 68 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22992", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Reactivation of unstable angina" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 31 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22993", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "clinical events , including reactivation of unstable angina and myocardial infarction occurring within 96 hours after hospitalization" ], "offsets": [ [ 669, 802 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22994", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Early reactivation" ], "offsets": [ [ 838, 856 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22995", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "reactivations" ], "offsets": [ [ 1023, 1036 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22996", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "myocardial infarction" ], "offsets": [ [ 606, 627 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22997", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Reactivations" ], "offsets": [ [ 1369, 1382 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22998", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "reactivated" ], "offsets": [ [ 402, 413 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "22999", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "unstable" ], "offsets": [ [ 16, 24 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23000", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "403" ], "offsets": [ [ 485, 488 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "23002", "type": "document", "text": [ "A single dose of gabapentin reduces acute pain and allodynia in patients with herpes zoster . This randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled crossover study measured the effect of a single dose of oral gabapentin ( 900 mg ) on pain and allodynia associated with herpes zoster . Pain severity decreased by 66 % with gabapentin compared to 33 % with placebo . Reductions in allodynia area and severity , and overall pain relief , were also greater with gabapentin ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 468 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "23003", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "gabapentin" ], "offsets": [ [ 17, 27 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23004", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo-controlled" ], "offsets": [ [ 127, 145 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23005", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "oral gabapentin" ], "offsets": [ [ 202, 217 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23006", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "gabapentin" ], "offsets": [ [ 17, 27 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23007", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 127, 134 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23008", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "gabapentin" ], "offsets": [ [ 17, 27 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23009", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "acute pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 36, 46 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23010", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "allodynia" ], "offsets": [ [ 51, 60 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23011", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 42, 46 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23012", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "allodynia associated with herpes zoster" ], "offsets": [ [ 241, 280 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23013", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "Pain severity" ], "offsets": [ [ 283, 296 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23014", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "allodynia area and severity" ], "offsets": [ [ 377, 404 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23015", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "overall pain relief" ], "offsets": [ [ 411, 430 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23016", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "herpes zoster" ], "offsets": [ [ 78, 91 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "23018", "type": "document", "text": [ "Hydrogen peroxide mouth rinse : an analgesic post-tonsillectomy . OBJECTIVE To compare the analgesic efficacy of hydrogen peroxide ( H2O2 ) mouth rinse with control for post-tonsillectomy pain management . DESIGN Double-blinded , prospective , randomized , controlled clinical trial . PATIENTS AND METHODS Thirty-seven patients from 5 to 14 years old undergoing electrocautery tonsillectomy were randomized to either the H2O2 mouth rinse or the water rinse ( control ) group . For 14 days , patients recorded pain levels twice daily using a visual analogue scale . Analgesic uses , as well as any complications , were also noted by the patients . RESULTS Thirty-seven patients completed the study , 21 in the treatment group and 16 in the control group . Mean postoperative days of pain were 10.3 and 8.3 , respectively , and differed significantly ( p = .008 ) . Mean postoperative days of analgesic use were 9.0 and 6.7 , respectively , and differed significantly ( p = .005 ) . Only one incidence of postoperative hemorrhage occurred in the study group . CONCLUSION In our study , the H2O2 mouth rinse does not provide a better analgesic effect than the water rinse for post-tonsillectomy pain relief ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1205 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "23019", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Hydrogen peroxide mouth rinse" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 29 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23020", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "hydrogen peroxide ( H2O2 ) mouth rinse" ], "offsets": [ [ 113, 151 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23021", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "control" ], "offsets": [ [ 157, 164 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23022", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "electrocautery tonsillectomy" ], "offsets": [ [ 362, 390 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23023", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "H2O2 mouth rinse" ], "offsets": [ [ 421, 437 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23024", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "the" ], "offsets": [ [ 87, 90 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23025", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "water rinse" ], "offsets": [ [ 445, 456 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23026", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "( control ) group" ], "offsets": [ [ 457, 474 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23027", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "H2O2 mouth rinse" ], "offsets": [ [ 421, 437 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23028", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "analgesic efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 91, 109 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23029", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "post-tonsillectomy pain management ." ], "offsets": [ [ 169, 205 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23030", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "pain levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 509, 520 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23031", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "visual analogue scale ." ], "offsets": [ [ 541, 564 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23032", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "Mean postoperative days of pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 755, 786 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23033", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Mean postoperative days of analgesic" ], "offsets": [ [ 864, 900 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23034", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "postoperative hemorrhage" ], "offsets": [ [ 1003, 1027 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23035", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "analgesic effect" ], "offsets": [ [ 1131, 1147 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23036", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "post-tonsillectomy pain relief" ], "offsets": [ [ 1173, 1203 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23037", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "post-tonsillectomy ." ], "offsets": [ [ 45, 65 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "23039", "type": "document", "text": [ "Effect of soy protein containing isoflavones on blood lipids in moderately hypercholesterolemic adults : a randomized controlled trial . BACKGROUND Dietary intake of soy protein with isoflavones may be associated with reductions in serum cholesterol . OBJECTIVES To compare the effects of a water-washed soy protein concentrate with a milk-protein based control on blood lipid levels in hyperlipidemic men and women . METHODS A randomized , double-blind , controlled clinical trial including 159 subjects . After a 3-week run-in period during which all subjects consumed a milk protein-based supplement , participants were randomized into one of two groups : a control group ( continued milk protein ) and an intervention group ( soy protein ) for a five-week period . Fasting venous blood draws for lipid measurement were obtained at baseline , towards the end of the run-in period and at the end of the intervention . Blood isoflavone concentrations were measured at the end of the study . RESULTS Blood lipid levels were not significantly different between groups at any point in time ; and there were no significant associations between blood isoflavones and lipid levels . Significant decreases in total cholesterol ( 19 mg/dL ) , and LDL-cholesterol ( 11 mg/dL ) , were observed during the run-in period , with no further decreases in lipids during the intervention period in either group . CONCLUSIONS These results do not support the hypothesis that water-washed soy protein has an effect on blood lipids . Several hypotheses are discussed , highlighting the selective nature of the effect of soy consumption in the population . The cholesterol-lowering effect during the run-in period may be explained by the \" regression to the mean effect \" and by other factors related to study participation , mainly nutrient displacement induced by the protein supplement ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1870 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "23040", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "soy protein containing isoflavones" ], "offsets": [ [ 10, 44 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23041", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Dietary intake" ], "offsets": [ [ 148, 162 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23042", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "soy protein with isoflavones" ], "offsets": [ [ 166, 194 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23043", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "water-washed soy protein concentrate" ], "offsets": [ [ 291, 327 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23044", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "milk-protein based control" ], "offsets": [ [ 335, 361 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23045", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "milk protein-based supplement" ], "offsets": [ [ 573, 602 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23046", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "continued milk protein" ], "offsets": [ [ 677, 699 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23047", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "soy protein" ], "offsets": [ [ 10, 21 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23048", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "isoflavone" ], "offsets": [ [ 33, 43 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23049", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "isoflavones" ], "offsets": [ [ 33, 44 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23050", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "soy protein" ], "offsets": [ [ 10, 21 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23051", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "protein supplement" ], "offsets": [ [ 1850, 1868 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23052", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "blood lipids" ], "offsets": [ [ 48, 60 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23053", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Blood isoflavone concentrations" ], "offsets": [ [ 920, 951 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23054", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Blood lipid levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 1000, 1018 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23055", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "blood isoflavones" ], "offsets": [ [ 1141, 1158 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23056", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "lipid levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 371, 383 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23057", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "decreases" ], "offsets": [ [ 1190, 1199 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23058", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "total cholesterol" ], "offsets": [ [ 1203, 1220 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23059", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "LDL-cholesterol" ], "offsets": [ [ 1240, 1255 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23060", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "blood lipids" ], "offsets": [ [ 48, 60 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23061", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "hypercholesterolemic" ], "offsets": [ [ 75, 95 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23062", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "adults" ], "offsets": [ [ 96, 102 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23063", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "hyperlipidemic" ], "offsets": [ [ 387, 401 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23064", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "men" ], "offsets": [ [ 402, 405 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23065", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "women ." ], "offsets": [ [ 410, 417 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23066", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "159" ], "offsets": [ [ 492, 495 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "23068", "type": "document", "text": [ "Nitrous oxide diffusion into tracheal tube cuffs -- efficacy of a new prototype cuff pressure release valve . BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of a new cuff pressure release valve ( CPRV ) , in which the release pressure can be adjusted from 10 to 25 cmH2O , particularly intended to control pressure in paediatric cuffed tracheal tubes and to avoid cuff hyperinflation caused by N2O diffusion . METHODS In vitro : the PRV was set to 10 , 15 , 20 or 25 cmH2O release pressure and connected to a cuffed tube placed into a box flushed with 66 % N2O in O2 . The cuff pressure was monitored with and without CPRV for 60 min . Experiments were performed four times using two different CPRVs . In vivo : with Institutional Review Board approval , CPRV was studied in 50 children undergoing general anaesthesia with tracheal intubation and standardized anaesthesia technique ( including 66 % N2O in O2 ) and ventilator settings . Patients were randomized into two groups ( with and without CPRV ) . The cuff pressure baseline was 20 cmH2O and CPRV was set to 25 cmH2O . If the cuff pressure exceeded 25 cmH2O , it was manually released to 20 cmH2O . The numbers of deflations in both groups were noted and compared by Mann-Whitney U-test ( P < 0.05 ) . RESULTS In vitro : the cuff pressure exceeded 50 cmH2O after 60 min without CPRV , but did not exceed the settings with CPRV . In vivo : there was no need to manually deflate the cuff in the CPRV group but , in every patient in the control group , three ( two to seven ) deflating manoeuvres were required within the first hour of anaesthesia ( P < 0.0001 ) . CONCLUSION The CPRV allows reliable cuff pressure release at various pressure levels and reliably prevents cuff pressure increases caused by N2O ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1784 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "23069", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "cuff pressure release valve" ], "offsets": [ [ 80, 107 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23070", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "cuff pressure release valve" ], "offsets": [ [ 80, 107 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23071", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "(" ], "offsets": [ [ 212, 213 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23072", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "with" ], "offsets": [ [ 565, 569 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23073", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "and without" ], "offsets": [ [ 624, 635 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23074", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "CPRV" ], "offsets": [ [ 214, 218 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23075", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "cuffs --" ], "offsets": [ [ 43, 51 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23076", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 52, 60 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23077", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "performance" ], "offsets": [ [ 163, 174 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23078", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "cuff pressure" ], "offsets": [ [ 80, 93 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23079", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "cuff pressure" ], "offsets": [ [ 80, 93 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23080", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "cuff pressure" ], "offsets": [ [ 80, 93 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23081", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "cuff pressure" ], "offsets": [ [ 80, 93 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23082", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "cuff pressure" ], "offsets": [ [ 80, 93 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23083", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "reliable cuff pressure release" ], "offsets": [ [ 1665, 1695 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23084", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "cuff pressure" ], "offsets": [ [ 80, 93 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23085", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "paediatric cuffed tracheal tubes" ], "offsets": [ [ 336, 368 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23086", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "50" ], "offsets": [ [ 793, 795 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23087", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 796, 804 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23088", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "general anaesthesia with tracheal intubation and standardized anaesthesia technique" ], "offsets": [ [ 816, 899 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "23090", "type": "document", "text": [ "Safety and immunogenicity of an oral , inactivated , whole-cell vaccine for Shigella sonnei : preclinical studies and a Phase I trial . Orally delivered , inactivated whole-cell vaccines are safe methods of inducing local and systemic immunity . To increase surface proteins associated with adherence and invasion , Shigella sonnei were grown in BHI broth containing deoxycholate . A whole-cell vaccine ( SsWC ) was then produced by formalin inactivation . In pre-clinical studies , the SsWC vaccine was immunogenic and protected against S. sonnei-induced keratoconjunctivitis in the guinea pig model . In a randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled , Phase I study , 10 evaluable subjects received either three doses of SsWC on Days 0 , 14 , and 28 ( N = 3 ) ; five doses of SsWC on Days 0 , 2 , 4 , 6 , and 28 ( N = 4 ) ; or placebo ( N = 3 ) . Each dose contained 2.0 x 10 ( 10 ) inactivated cells . Serum and fecal antibodies against SsWC , LPS , and IpaC were measured by ELISA . A > or = 4-fold increase in titer was considered significant . Both SsWC dosing regimens were well tolerated . No fever or severe gastrointestinal symptoms were noted by any of the vaccinated subjects . Antibody responses were similar in the two dosing groups . Serum IgG or IgA responses to SsWC were seen in six of seven vaccinees ( 86 % ) , to LPS in four of seven ( 57 % ) , and to IpaC in five of seven ( 61 % ) . Fecal IgA responses to these three antigens developed in five of five , three of five , and three of five subjects , respectively . Among the seven vaccinees , geometric mean rises in serum IgA levels to all three immunogens were significant ; IgG increases trended toward significance ( paired one-tailed t-test ) . We conclude that SsWC was immunogenic and protective in animal studies and well tolerated and immunogenic in a Phase I trial ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1852 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "23091", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "oral , inactivated , whole-cell vaccine for Shigella sonnei" ], "offsets": [ [ 32, 91 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23092", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "vaccines" ], "offsets": [ [ 178, 186 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23093", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "whole-cell vaccine ( SsWC )" ], "offsets": [ [ 384, 411 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23094", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "SsWC vaccine" ], "offsets": [ [ 487, 499 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23095", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo-controlled" ], "offsets": [ [ 636, 654 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23096", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "SsWC" ], "offsets": [ [ 405, 409 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23097", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "SsWC" ], "offsets": [ [ 405, 409 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23098", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 636, 643 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23099", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "SsWC" ], "offsets": [ [ 405, 409 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23100", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "SsWC" ], "offsets": [ [ 405, 409 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23101", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "SsWC" ], "offsets": [ [ 405, 409 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23102", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "surface proteins" ], "offsets": [ [ 258, 274 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23103", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Serum and fecal antibodies against SsWC , LPS , and IpaC" ], "offsets": [ [ 908, 964 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23104", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "tolerated" ], "offsets": [ [ 1089, 1098 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23105", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "fever or severe gastrointestinal symptoms" ], "offsets": [ [ 1104, 1145 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23106", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Antibody responses" ], "offsets": [ [ 1193, 1211 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23107", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Serum IgG or IgA responses" ], "offsets": [ [ 1252, 1278 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23108", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Fecal IgA responses" ], "offsets": [ [ 1409, 1428 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23109", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "serum IgA levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 1593, 1609 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23110", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "IgG increases" ], "offsets": [ [ 1653, 1666 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23111", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "protective" ], "offsets": [ [ 1768, 1778 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23112", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "tolerated" ], "offsets": [ [ 1089, 1098 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "23114", "type": "document", "text": [ "Migration of the acetabular component : effect of cement pressurization and significance of early radiolucency : a randomized 5-year study using radiostereometry . BACKGROUND Cementing technique is a crucial factor in prosthesis fixation . No randomized studies have been published , however , comparing the outcome of conventional fingerpacking with the outcome of pressurization of the cement prior to cup insertion . PATIENTS AND METHODS We randomized 50 THAs to either fingerpacking or sequential pressurization ( including individual pressurization of each anchorage hole ) and followed the patients with RSA for 5 years . The penetration of cement into the anchorage holes was measured on digital radiographs . Postoperative radiolucent lines around the cup were correlated to later RSA results . For clinical evaluation , we used SF-36 and HHS . RESULTS The pressurized group of THAs was more stable regarding changes in inclination . We found no other difference in the migratory behavior . The cement penetration into the anchorage holes was deeper with the pressurization technique than with fingerpacking . For the whole group taken together , there was a strong relation between the presence of radiolucent lines as measured on the postoperative radiograph and later migration observed by RSA at 2 and 5 years . INTERPRETATION Pressurization of the cement produced better cement penetration and increased the cup stability in terms of changes in inclination . Early findings of radiolucent lines can predict later unfavorable cup migration ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1553 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "23115", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "cement pressurization" ], "offsets": [ [ 50, 71 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23116", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "fingerpacking" ], "offsets": [ [ 332, 345 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23117", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "sequential pressurization" ], "offsets": [ [ 490, 515 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23118", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "effect of cement pressurization" ], "offsets": [ [ 40, 71 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23119", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "significance of early radiolucency" ], "offsets": [ [ 76, 110 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23120", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "radiolucent lines around the cup were correlated to later RSA results" ], "offsets": [ [ 731, 800 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23121", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Migration of the acetabular component" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 37 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23122", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "significance of early radiolucency" ], "offsets": [ [ 76, 110 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23123", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "prosthesis fixation" ], "offsets": [ [ 218, 237 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23124", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "50" ], "offsets": [ [ 455, 457 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "23126", "type": "document", "text": [ "Effect of exercise , training , and glycogen availability on IL-6 receptor expression in human skeletal muscle . The cytokine interleukin-6 ( IL-6 ) exerts it actions via the IL-6 receptor ( IL-6R ) in conjunction with the ubiquitously expressed gp130 receptor . IL-6 is tightly regulated in response to exercise , being affected by factors such as exercise intensity and duration , as well as energy availability . Although the IL-6 response to exercise has been extensively studied , little is known about the regulation of the IL-6R response . In the present study , we aimed to investigate the effect of exercise , training , and glycogen availability , factors known to affect IL-6 , on the regulation of gene expression of the IL-6R in human skeletal muscle . Human subjects performed either 10 wk of training with an acute exercise bout before and after the training period , or a low-glycogen vs. normal-glycogen acute exercise trial . The IL-6R mRNA response was evaluated in both trials . In response to acute exercise , an increase in IL-6R mRNA levels was observed . Neither training nor intramuscular glycogen levels had an effect on the IL-6R mRNA response to exercise . However , after 10 wk of training , the skeletal muscle expressed a higher mRNA level of IL-6R compared with before training . The present study demonstrated that the IL-6R gene expression levels in skeletal muscle are increased in response to acute exercise , a response that is very well conserved , being affected by neither training status nor intramuscular glycogen levels , as opposed to IL-6 . However , after the training period , IL-6R mRNA production was increased in skeletal muscle , suggesting a sensitization of skeletal muscle to IL-6 at rest ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1744 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "23127", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "exercise , training" ], "offsets": [ [ 10, 29 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23128", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "glycogen availability" ], "offsets": [ [ 36, 57 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23129", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "exercise" ], "offsets": [ [ 10, 18 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23130", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "exercise , training" ], "offsets": [ [ 10, 29 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23131", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "glycogen availability" ], "offsets": [ [ 36, 57 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23132", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "10 wk of training with an acute exercise bout before and after the training period" ], "offsets": [ [ 798, 880 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23133", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "normal-glycogen acute exercise trial" ], "offsets": [ [ 905, 941 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23134", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "training" ], "offsets": [ [ 21, 29 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23135", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "IL-6R mRNA response" ], "offsets": [ [ 948, 967 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23136", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "IL-6R mRNA levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 1046, 1063 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23137", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "IL-6R mRNA response" ], "offsets": [ [ 948, 967 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23138", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "mRNA level of IL-6R" ], "offsets": [ [ 1260, 1279 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23139", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "IL-6R gene expression levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 1352, 1380 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23140", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "training status" ], "offsets": [ [ 1513, 1528 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23141", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "intramuscular glycogen levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 1100, 1129 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23142", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "IL-6R mRNA production" ], "offsets": [ [ 1624, 1645 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23143", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "human skeletal muscle ." ], "offsets": [ [ 89, 112 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "23145", "type": "document", "text": [ "Open flap debridement with or without intentional cementum removal : a 4-month follow-up . OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of cementum removal on periodontal repair . MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty subjects with chronic periodontitis and presenting , at least , two proximal sites in anterior teeth ( upper or lower ) with probing depth > or =5 mm were selected . After oral hygiene instructions and ultrasonic supragingival instrumentation , the subjects were randomly assigned for one of the following groups : CIC , scaled with Gracey curettes ; CIUS , scaled with ultrasonic device ; CDC , calculus deattachment with Gracey curettes and brushing with saline solution ; and CDUS , calculus deattachment with ultrasonic device and brushing with saline solution . Full-thickness flaps were reflected and the instrumentation was performed with a clinical microscope . Probing depth ( PD ) , relative gingival margin level ( RGML ) and relative attachment level ( RAL ) were registered at five experimental periods : baseline and 30 , 60 , 90 and 120 days postoperative . RESULTS All the approaches were able to markedly reduce the PD values from the baseline to the other evaluation periods ( p < 0.0001 ) . The increase in RGML values was statistically significant only for the CDUS group . There were no statistically significant differences between the baseline and postoperative values in all groups for the RAL changes . The changes in RAL were statistically significant only among the groups CDC and CDUS ( p < 0.0001 ) . CONCLUSION The conventional scaling and root planing and the calculus deattachment were effective in reducing the probing depth values , regardless of the instrumentation method ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1737 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "23146", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "Open flap debridement with or without intentional cementum removal :" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 68 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23147", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "cementum removal on periodontal repair ." ], "offsets": [ [ 160, 200 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23148", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "CIC , scaled with Gracey curettes ; CIUS , scaled with ultrasonic device" ], "offsets": [ [ 543, 615 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23149", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "CDC , calculus deattachment with Gracey curettes and brushing with saline solution" ], "offsets": [ [ 618, 700 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23150", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "CDUS , calculus deattachment with ultrasonic device and brushing with saline solution" ], "offsets": [ [ 707, 792 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23151", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "CDUS" ], "offsets": [ [ 707, 711 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23152", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "CDC" ], "offsets": [ [ 618, 621 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23153", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "CDUS" ], "offsets": [ [ 707, 711 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23154", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "conventional scaling and root planing and the calculus deattachment" ], "offsets": [ [ 1573, 1640 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23155", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Probing depth ( PD ) , relative gingival margin level ( RGML ) and relative attachment level ( RAL )" ], "offsets": [ [ 898, 998 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23156", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "RGML values" ], "offsets": [ [ 1254, 1265 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23157", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "RAL changes ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1442, 1455 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23158", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "RAL" ], "offsets": [ [ 993, 996 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23159", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Open flap debridement" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 21 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23160", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "periodontal repair" ], "offsets": [ [ 180, 198 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23161", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Forty" ], "offsets": [ [ 222, 227 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23162", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "chronic periodontitis" ], "offsets": [ [ 242, 263 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23163", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "presenting , at least , two proximal sites in anterior teeth ( upper or lower ) with probing depth > or =5 mm" ], "offsets": [ [ 268, 377 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "23165", "type": "document", "text": [ "NHS Direct and older people ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 29 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "23166", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "NHS" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 3 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23167", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "older people" ], "offsets": [ [ 15, 27 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "23169", "type": "document", "text": [ "Analgesic efficacy of caudal block versus diclofenac suppository and local anesthetic infiltration following pediatric laparoscopy . AIM To compare the analgesic efficacy of caudal block with diclofenac suppository and local anesthetic infiltration in children undergoing laparoscopy . METHODS We studied 50 children undergoing laparoscopy for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes . Their ages ranged from 3 to 13 years , and all belonged to American Society of Anesthesiologists ( ASA ) class I or II . Anesthesia was carried out using the standard procedure . Patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups . Group 1 received caudal block with bupivacaine 1 mL/kg after anesthetic induction . Group 2 received diclofenac suppository 3 mg/kg postinduction and local anesthetic infiltration at the port sites at the end of the procedure . Pain was assessed using the Hannallah objective pain scale at 15 , 30 , 60 , 120 , and 360 minutes postextubation . RESULTS The pain scores were comparable in both groups at all times . Twelve percent of caudal block patients and 20 % of diclofenac patients needed rescue analgesic , a statistically insignificant difference . In 2 patients , caudal block was technically difficult and they were excluded from the study . The incidence of side effects was low in our study . CONCLUSION We find the analgesic efficacy of diclofenac suppository combined with local anesthetic infiltration at port sites comparable to caudal block . Given the necessarily invasive nature of caudal block , we suggest the combined use of diclofenac suppository with local anesthetic infiltration at port sites as a useful and more economical alternative for analgesia following pediatric laparoscopy ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1724 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "23170", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "caudal block" ], "offsets": [ [ 22, 34 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23171", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "diclofenac suppository" ], "offsets": [ [ 42, 64 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23172", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "caudal block" ], "offsets": [ [ 22, 34 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23173", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "diclofenac suppository" ], "offsets": [ [ 42, 64 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23174", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "local anesthetic infiltration" ], "offsets": [ [ 69, 98 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23175", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Anesthesia" ], "offsets": [ [ 503, 513 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23176", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "caudal block with bupivacaine 1 mL/kg after anesthetic induction" ], "offsets": [ [ 633, 697 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23177", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "diclofenac suppository 3 mg/kg postinduction and local anesthetic infiltration at the port sites" ], "offsets": [ [ 717, 813 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23178", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "diclofenac suppository" ], "offsets": [ [ 42, 64 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23179", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "anesthetic infiltration" ], "offsets": [ [ 75, 98 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23180", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "diclofenac suppository" ], "offsets": [ [ 42, 64 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23181", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "anesthetic infiltration" ], "offsets": [ [ 75, 98 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23182", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Analgesic efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 18 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23183", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "analgesic" ], "offsets": [ [ 152, 161 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23184", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "Pain was assessed" ], "offsets": [ [ 844, 861 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23185", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "Hannallah objective pain scale" ], "offsets": [ [ 872, 902 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23186", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "pain scores" ], "offsets": [ [ 972, 983 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23187", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "rescue analgesic" ], "offsets": [ [ 1109, 1125 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23188", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "analgesic" ], "offsets": [ [ 152, 161 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "23190", "type": "document", "text": [ "Economic evaluation of a nursing-led inpatient unit : the impact of findings on management decisions of service utility and sustainability . AIMS The nursing-led inpatient unit is designed to substitute for a period of care in acute hospital wards and to improve patient outcome prior to discharge to the community . This paper aims to evaluate the cost , from the UK National Health Service perspective , of transfer to a nursing-led inpatient unit for intermediate care and to discuss the impact of these findings to the future development and sustainability of the nursing-led inpatient unit . BACKGROUND Recent economic analyses have showed that nursing-led inpatient units are associated with increased costs of care with length of stay as the main driver of inpatient costs . METHOD The cost-effectiveness analysis was part of a randomized-controlled trial with a sample size of 175 , of which 89 were in the nursing-led inpatient unit arm and 86 in the control arm . Resource use data included length of stay , investigations performed , multiprofessional input and nursing input . Clinical outcome was measured using Barthel Index , a functional status measure . RESULTS Cost per day was lower on the nursing-led inpatient unit although cost per hospital stay was higher due to significantly increased length of stay . Postdischarge community care costs were lower . The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of the treatment was 1044 pounds sterling per point improvement of the Barthel Index . CONCLUSIONS The nursing-led inpatient unit was associated with higher costs however , the question of whether the nursing-led inpatient unit is cost-effective has not been clearly answered because of the limited follow-up period of the study . The increased cost of care on the nursing-led inpatient unit was not a major factor in local management decisions about the future of the unit . The changes in the context of service provision within which the nursing-led inpatient unit operated as a result of substantial investment in intermediate care did have a major impact ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2077 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "23191", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "nursing-led inpatient unit" ], "offsets": [ [ 25, 51 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23192", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "nursing-led inpatient unit" ], "offsets": [ [ 25, 51 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23193", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "nursing-led inpatient unit arm and" ], "offsets": [ [ 915, 949 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23194", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "the control arm" ], "offsets": [ [ 956, 971 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23195", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "The nursing-led inpatient unit" ], "offsets": [ [ 146, 176 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23196", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "nursing-led inpatient unit" ], "offsets": [ [ 25, 51 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23197", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "nursing-led inpatient unit" ], "offsets": [ [ 25, 51 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23198", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Economic evaluation" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 19 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23199", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "cost" ], "offsets": [ [ 349, 353 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23200", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "development and sustainability" ], "offsets": [ [ 530, 560 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23201", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "cost-effectiveness" ], "offsets": [ [ 793, 811 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23202", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Resource use" ], "offsets": [ [ 974, 986 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23203", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "length of stay" ], "offsets": [ [ 727, 741 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23204", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "investigations performed" ], "offsets": [ [ 1018, 1042 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23205", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "multiprofessional input" ], "offsets": [ [ 1045, 1068 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23206", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "nursing input ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1073, 1088 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23207", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Clinical outcome" ], "offsets": [ [ 1089, 1105 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23208", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Barthel Index" ], "offsets": [ [ 1125, 1138 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23209", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Cost per day" ], "offsets": [ [ 1179, 1191 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23210", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "cost per hospital stay" ], "offsets": [ [ 1245, 1267 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23211", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Postdischarge community care costs" ], "offsets": [ [ 1327, 1361 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23212", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "sample size of 175 , of which 89 were in the nursing-led inpatient unit arm and 86 in the control arm ." ], "offsets": [ [ 870, 973 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "23214", "type": "document", "text": [ "Topiramate improves health-related quality of life when used to prevent migraine . OBJECTIVE To assess changes in health-related quality of life ( HRQoL ) measures among patients receiving topiramate ( TPM ) 100 mg/d in two divided doses for migraine prevention in three randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled , 26-week trials with similar protocols and study populations . BACKGROUND Migraine substantially impairs HRQoL and work productivity before , during , and after attacks . Approximately 50 % of patients with migraine could be recommended for preventive therapies , yet only 3 % to 5 % of patients receive them . TPM is an effective and generally well-tolerated migraine prophylactic ( preventive ) therapy for adults , as demonstrated in several randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trials . The most common adverse events in double-blind , placebo-controlled studies of TPM in migraine prevention are paresthesia , fatigue , anorexia , nausea , taste alteration , and diarrhea . DESIGN AND METHODS The Migraine-Specific Questionnaire ( MSQ , version 2.1 ) was used to assess the effect of TPM 100 mg/d on the functionality and HRQoL of randomized intent-to-treat ( ITT ) and study-completer populations pooled from three randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trials . MSQ scores ( 0 to 100 , higher score indicates better functioning ) were assessed for the following three domains : role restriction ( examines the degree to which performance of daily activities is limited by migraine ) , role prevention ( examines the degree to which performance of daily activities is interrupted by migraine ) , and emotional function ( examines feelings of frustration and helplessness due to migraine ) . Between-group differences from baseline in mean MSQ domain scores for TPM 100 mg/d and placebo were compared using a mixed-effects model with piecewise linear regression . Effect sizes were calculated to estimate the magnitude of change in HRQoL that can be associated with TPM therapy . RESULTS TPM 100 mg/d significantly improved all three MSQ domains compared with placebo for both the ITT ( TPM , n = 372 ; placebo , n = 362 ) and study-completer ( TPM , n = 220 ; placebo , n = 216 ) populations ( P < .001 for all three domains , both populations ) . Effect sizes for TPM 100 mg/d varied from 0.40 to 0.78 , indicating that the changes in MSQ scores for TPM 100 mg/d were moderate and may be clinically significant . CONCLUSION TPM 100 mg/d has been shown to be effective in the prevention of migraine headache in adults . As the MSQ results from the three randomized , placebo-controlled trials indicate , HRQoL is significantly improved for up to 6 months following initiation of treatment ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2733 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "23215", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Topiramate" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 10 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23216", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "topiramate ( TPM )" ], "offsets": [ [ 189, 207 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23217", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "TPM" ], "offsets": [ [ 202, 205 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23218", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "TPM" ], "offsets": [ [ 202, 205 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23219", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "TPM" ], "offsets": [ [ 202, 205 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23220", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "TPM" ], "offsets": [ [ 202, 205 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23221", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 299, 306 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23222", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "TPM therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 2008, 2019 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23223", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "TPM" ], "offsets": [ [ 202, 205 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23224", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 299, 306 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23225", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "TPM" ], "offsets": [ [ 202, 205 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23226", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 299, 306 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23227", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "TPM" ], "offsets": [ [ 202, 205 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23228", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "TPM" ], "offsets": [ [ 202, 205 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23229", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "TPM" ], "offsets": [ [ 202, 205 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23230", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "health-related quality of life" ], "offsets": [ [ 20, 50 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23231", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "health-related quality of life ( HRQoL ) measures" ], "offsets": [ [ 114, 163 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23232", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "HRQoL" ], "offsets": [ [ 147, 152 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23233", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "work productivity" ], "offsets": [ [ 434, 451 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23234", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "effective and generally well-tolerated" ], "offsets": [ [ 640, 678 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23235", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "paresthesia , fatigue , anorexia , nausea , taste alteration , and diarrhea" ], "offsets": [ [ 930, 1005 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23236", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Migraine-Specific Questionnaire ( MSQ" ], "offsets": [ [ 1031, 1068 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23237", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "MSQ scores" ], "offsets": [ [ 1306, 1316 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23238", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "emotional function" ], "offsets": [ [ 1643, 1661 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23239", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "MSQ domain scores" ], "offsets": [ [ 1782, 1799 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23240", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "MSQ domains" ], "offsets": [ [ 2076, 2087 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23241", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "MSQ scores" ], "offsets": [ [ 1306, 1316 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23242", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "migraine headache" ], "offsets": [ [ 2533, 2550 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23243", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "HRQoL" ], "offsets": [ [ 147, 152 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23244", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "migraine" ], "offsets": [ [ 72, 80 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23245", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "patients receiving topiramate ( TPM ) 100 mg/d in two divided doses for migraine prevention" ], "offsets": [ [ 170, 261 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23246", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "similar protocols and study populations" ], "offsets": [ [ 340, 379 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23247", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "intent-to-treat ( ITT ) and study-completer populations" ], "offsets": [ [ 1176, 1231 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23248", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "migraine headache" ], "offsets": [ [ 2533, 2550 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23249", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "adults" ], "offsets": [ [ 728, 734 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "23251", "type": "document", "text": [ "Effects of halothane and isoflurane on transient renal dysfunction associated with infrarenal aortic cross-clamping . Aortic cross-clamping for reconstructive aortic surgery is associated with impairment of renal function . Halothane or isoflurane was used to assess the influence of volatile anesthesia on renal hemodynamics during aortic surgery . Nineteen patients with normal preoperative creatinine clearances who were scheduled for reconstructive aortic surgery were randomly divided into two groups : halothane group ( n = 9 ) and isoflurane group ( n = 10 ) . Induction of anesthesia consisted of midazolam , fentanyl , and pancuronium . Anesthesia was maintained with fentanyl and halothane or isoflurane in nitrous oxide and oxygen ( 50/50 ) . Systemic hemodynamics were similar in both groups throughout surgery . Before aortic cross-clamping , effective renal plasma flow ( ERPF ) ( 131I-hippuran clearance ) and glomerular filtration rate ( GFR ) ( 99Tc-DTPA clearance ) were significantly lower in the halothane group ( 118.4 +/- 25.6 and 19.7 +/- 5.2 mL/min , respectively ) than in the isoflurane group ( 253.4 +/- 51.5 and 44.9 +/- 8.4 mL/min ) ( P less than 0.05 for both ) . During cross-clamping , the renal variables were not markedly affected in either group and remained higher in the isoflurane-anesthetized patients ( 232.9 +/- 47.1 and 49.5 +/- 1.2 mL/min for ERPF and GFR , respectively ) than in the halothane-anesthetized patients ( 132.4 +/- 31.6 and 14.8 +/- 3.7 mL/min , respectively ) ( P less than 0.05 ) . After aortic unclamping , ERPF increased markedly in both groups ( 467.8 +/- 122 and 362.5 +/- 57.7 mL/min in the halothane and isoflurane groups , respectively ) , as did GFR ( 74.8 +/- 22 and 71.8 +/- 13.1 mL/min , respectively ) . These results suggest that anesthesia with halothane is associated with transient renal vasoconstriction during abdominal surgery . In contrast , aortic cross-clamping during isoflurane anesthesia was not associated with renal hemodynamic impairment ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2026 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "23252", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "halothane" ], "offsets": [ [ 11, 20 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23253", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "isoflurane" ], "offsets": [ [ 25, 35 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23254", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Halothane" ], "offsets": [ [ 224, 233 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23255", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "isoflurane" ], "offsets": [ [ 25, 35 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23256", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "halothane group" ], "offsets": [ [ 508, 523 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23257", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "isoflurane group" ], "offsets": [ [ 538, 554 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23258", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "midazolam" ], "offsets": [ [ 605, 614 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23259", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "fentanyl" ], "offsets": [ [ 617, 625 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23260", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pancuronium" ], "offsets": [ [ 632, 643 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23261", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "fentanyl" ], "offsets": [ [ 617, 625 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23262", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "halothane" ], "offsets": [ [ 11, 20 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23263", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "isoflurane in nitrous oxide and oxygen" ], "offsets": [ [ 703, 741 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23264", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "isoflurane" ], "offsets": [ [ 25, 35 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23265", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "halothane-anesthetized" ], "offsets": [ [ 1428, 1450 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23266", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "anesthesia" ], "offsets": [ [ 293, 303 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23267", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "halothane" ], "offsets": [ [ 11, 20 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23268", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "transient renal dysfunction" ], "offsets": [ [ 39, 66 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23269", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "renal function" ], "offsets": [ [ 207, 221 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23270", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "renal hemodynamics" ], "offsets": [ [ 307, 325 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23271", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Systemic hemodynamics" ], "offsets": [ [ 754, 775 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23272", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "effective renal plasma flow ( ERPF ) ( 131I-hippuran clearance )" ], "offsets": [ [ 856, 920 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23273", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "glomerular filtration rate ( GFR ) ( 99Tc-DTPA clearance )" ], "offsets": [ [ 925, 983 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23274", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "renal variables" ], "offsets": [ [ 1222, 1237 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23275", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "ERPF" ], "offsets": [ [ 886, 890 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23276", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "GFR" ], "offsets": [ [ 954, 957 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23277", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "transient renal vasoconstriction" ], "offsets": [ [ 1847, 1879 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23278", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "renal hemodynamic impairment" ], "offsets": [ [ 1996, 2024 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23279", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "transient renal dysfunction" ], "offsets": [ [ 39, 66 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "23281", "type": "document", "text": [ "Cervical spine motion : a fluoroscopic comparison during intubation with lighted stylet , GlideScope , and Macintosh laryngoscope . The question of which is the optimum technique to intubate the trachea in a patient who may have a cervical ( C ) -spine injury remains unresolved . We compared , using fluoroscopic video , C-spine motion during intubation for Macintosh 3 blade , GlideScope , and Intubating Lighted Stylet , popularly known as the Lightwand or Trachlight . Thirty-six healthy patients were randomized to participate in a crossover trial of either Lightwand or GlideScope to Macintosh laryngoscopy , with in-line stabilization . C-spine motion was examined at the Occiput-C1 junction , C1-2 junction , C2-5 motion segment , and C5-thoracic motion segment during manual ventilation via bag-mask , laryngoscopy , and intubation . Time to intubate was also measured . C-spine motion during bag-mask ventilation was 82 % less at the four motion segments studied than during Macintosh laryngoscopy ( P < 0.001 ) . C-spine motion using the Lightwand was less than during Macintosh laryngoscopy , averaging 57 % less at the four motion segments studied ( P < 0.03 ) . There was no significant difference in time to intubate between the Lightwand and the Macintosh blade . C-spine motion was reduced 50 % at the C2-5 segment using the GlideScope ( P < 0.04 ) but unchanged at the other segments . Laryngoscopy with GlideScope took 62 % longer than with the Macintosh blade ( P < 0.01 ) . Thus , the Lightwand ( Intubating Lighted Stylet ) is associated with reduced C-spine movement during endotracheal intubation compared with the Macintosh laryngoscope ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1663 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "23282", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "Lightwand" ], "offsets": [ [ 447, 456 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23283", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "or" ], "offsets": [ [ 29, 31 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23284", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "GlideScope" ], "offsets": [ [ 90, 100 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23285", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "to" ], "offsets": [ [ 112, 114 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23286", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "Macintosh laryngoscopy" ], "offsets": [ [ 590, 612 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23287", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ ", with" ], "offsets": [ [ 613, 619 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23288", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "in-line stabilization" ], "offsets": [ [ 620, 641 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23289", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "manual ventilation via bag-mask ," ], "offsets": [ [ 777, 810 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23290", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "laryngoscopy" ], "offsets": [ [ 600, 612 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23291", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ ", and" ], "offsets": [ [ 101, 106 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23292", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "intubation" ], "offsets": [ [ 57, 67 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23293", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "C-spine motion" ], "offsets": [ [ 322, 336 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23294", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "C-spine motion" ], "offsets": [ [ 322, 336 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23295", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Time" ], "offsets": [ [ 843, 847 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23296", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "C-spine motion during bag-mask ventilation" ], "offsets": [ [ 880, 922 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23297", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "C-spine motion using the Lightwand" ], "offsets": [ [ 1024, 1058 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23298", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "time to intubate" ], "offsets": [ [ 1215, 1231 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23299", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "C-spine motion" ], "offsets": [ [ 322, 336 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23300", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "longer" ], "offsets": [ [ 1443, 1449 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23301", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "C-spine movement" ], "offsets": [ [ 1573, 1589 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "23303", "type": "document", "text": [ "Impact of a single intravenous administration of nicorandil before reperfusion in patients with ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction . BACKGROUND Intravenous nicorandil , a hybrid compound of ATP-sensitive potassium channel opener and nitric oxide donor , has been reported to ameliorate early functional and clinical problems in patients with acute myocardial infarction . However , its effects on the late phase remain unclear . METHODS AND RESULTS This follow-up study to 5 years of a randomized , double-blinded trial was conducted among 368 patients with first ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention ( PCI ) . They were randomly assigned to receive 12 mg of nicorandil or a placebo intravenously just before reperfusion . We analyzed incidence of cardiovascular death or rehospitalization for congestive heart failure after PCI as well as various aspects of epicardial flow and microvascular function . Mean follow-up was 2.4 years ( SD , 1.4 ) . A total of 12 ( 6.5 % ) patients receiving nicorandil and 30 ( 16.4 % ) receiving placebo had cardiovascular death or hospital admission for congestive heart failure ( hazard ratio , 0.39 ; 95 % CI , 0.20 to 0.76 ; P=0.0058 ) . Postprocedural TIMI 3 flow was obtained in 89.7 % of the nicorandil group and in 81.4 % of the placebo ( hazard ratio , 1.99 ; 95 % CI , 1.09 to 3.65 ; P=0.025 ) . Corrected TIMI frame count was furthermore lower in the nicorandil group ( 21.0+/-9.1 versus 25.1+/-14.1 ; P=0.0009 ) . ST-segment resolution > 50 % was observed in 79.5 % and 61.2 % of the nicorandil and placebo groups , respectively ( hazard ratio , 2.45 ; 95 % CI , 1.54 to 3.90 ; P=0.0002 ) . CONCLUSIONS The addition of intravenous nicorandil to PCI leads to beneficial clinical outcomes and prevents cardiovascular events of long duration and death in patients with ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1916 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "23304", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "nicorandil" ], "offsets": [ [ 49, 59 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23305", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "nicorandil" ], "offsets": [ [ 49, 59 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23306", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "nicorandil" ], "offsets": [ [ 49, 59 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23307", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 735, 742 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23308", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "nicorandil" ], "offsets": [ [ 49, 59 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23309", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 735, 742 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23310", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "nicorandil" ], "offsets": [ [ 49, 59 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23311", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 735, 742 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23312", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "nicorandil" ], "offsets": [ [ 49, 59 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23313", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "nicorandil" ], "offsets": [ [ 49, 59 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23314", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 735, 742 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23315", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "nicorandil" ], "offsets": [ [ 49, 59 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23316", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "cardiovascular death" ], "offsets": [ [ 808, 828 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23317", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "rehospitalization" ], "offsets": [ [ 832, 849 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23318", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "congestive heart failure" ], "offsets": [ [ 854, 878 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23319", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "cardiovascular death" ], "offsets": [ [ 808, 828 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23320", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "hospital admission" ], "offsets": [ [ 1126, 1144 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23321", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "congestive heart failure" ], "offsets": [ [ 854, 878 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23322", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Postprocedural TIMI 3 flow" ], "offsets": [ [ 1236, 1262 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23323", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Corrected TIMI frame count" ], "offsets": [ [ 1400, 1426 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23324", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "ST-segment resolution > 50 %" ], "offsets": [ [ 1520, 1548 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23325", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "clinical outcomes" ], "offsets": [ [ 1775, 1792 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23326", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "cardiovascular events of long duration" ], "offsets": [ [ 1806, 1844 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23327", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "death" ], "offsets": [ [ 823, 828 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23328", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction" ], "offsets": [ [ 96, 138 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23329", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "acute myocardial infarction" ], "offsets": [ [ 350, 377 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23330", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "368" ], "offsets": [ [ 548, 551 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23331", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "first ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention" ], "offsets": [ [ 566, 660 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "23333", "type": "document", "text": [ "Clinical efficacy of fluvoxamine and functional polymorphism in a serotonin transporter gene on childhood autism . We studied the correlation between response to fluvoxamine and serotonin transporter gene promoter region polymorphism ( 5-HTTLPR ) . Eighteen children with autistic disorder completed a 12-week double-blind , placebo-controlled , randomized crossover study of fluvoxamine . Behavioral assessments were obtained before and at 12 weeks of treatment . 5-HTTLPR ( long ( l ) or short ( s ) ) , was analyzed by the PCR method . Ten out of 18 patients responded to fluvoxamine treatment ; allele type analysis revealed that clinical global effectiveness was noted significantly more in the l allele than in the s allele . However , with respect to language use , a significant effectiveness was noted in the s allele . 5-HTTLPR may influence the individual responses to fluvoxamine administration ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 908 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "23334", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "fluvoxamine" ], "offsets": [ [ 21, 32 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23335", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "fluvoxamine" ], "offsets": [ [ 21, 32 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23336", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo-controlled" ], "offsets": [ [ 325, 343 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23337", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "fluvoxamine" ], "offsets": [ [ 21, 32 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23338", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "fluvoxamine" ], "offsets": [ [ 21, 32 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23339", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "fluvoxamine" ], "offsets": [ [ 21, 32 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23340", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "Behavioral assessments" ], "offsets": [ [ 390, 412 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23341", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "allele type analysis" ], "offsets": [ [ 599, 619 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23342", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "language use" ], "offsets": [ [ 758, 770 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23343", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "childhood" ], "offsets": [ [ 96, 105 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23344", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "autism" ], "offsets": [ [ 106, 112 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23345", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Eighteen" ], "offsets": [ [ 249, 257 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23346", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 258, 266 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23347", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "autistic disorder" ], "offsets": [ [ 272, 289 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "23349", "type": "document", "text": [ "[ A randomized study of prophylactic intravesical instillation of pirarubicin ( THP ) prior to transurethral resection of superficial bladder cancer ] . A prospective randomized study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of prophylactic intravesical instillation of pirarubicin ( THP ) prior to transurethral resection ( TUR ) of superficial bladder cancer . A total of 63 patients were randomized into two groups , the THP group and the control group . In the THP group , 30 mg of THP dissolved in 50 ml saline was administered 4 times intravesically for 4 consecutive days before TUR . In the control group , no instillation was performed before TUR . The patients were followed by cystoscopy and urinary cytology every 3 months . The non-recurrence rates in the THP group and control group were 54.1 % versus 37.6 % at 1 year and 40.4 % versus 26.8 % at 2 years , respectively ( P = 0.086 ) . Time to recurrence for tumors larger than 1 cm was significantly longer in the THP group ( P = 0.0137 ) . Time to recurrence for single and grade 1+2 tumors tended to be longer in the THP group ( P = 0.09 , P = 0.079 ) . No significant adverse effects were observed in any patient . Our findings suggest that intravesical THP instillation prior to TUR would be effective for patients with single , low grade lesions larger than 1 cm of superficial bladder cancer ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1362 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "23350", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pirarubicin ( THP )" ], "offsets": [ [ 66, 85 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23351", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "intravesical instillation of pirarubicin ( THP )" ], "offsets": [ [ 37, 85 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23352", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "transurethral resection" ], "offsets": [ [ 95, 118 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23353", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "THP" ], "offsets": [ [ 80, 83 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23354", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "50 ml saline" ], "offsets": [ [ 501, 513 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23355", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "no instillation was performed before" ], "offsets": [ [ 613, 649 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23356", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "TUR" ], "offsets": [ [ 323, 326 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23357", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "." ], "offsets": [ [ 151, 152 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23358", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "superficial bladder cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 122, 148 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23359", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "transurethral resection ( TUR ) of superficial bladder cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 297, 358 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23360", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "." ], "offsets": [ [ 151, 152 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23361", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "non-recurrence rates" ], "offsets": [ [ 739, 759 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23362", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Time to recurrence for tumors larger than 1 cm" ], "offsets": [ [ 898, 944 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23363", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Time to recurrence for single and grade 1+2 tumors" ], "offsets": [ [ 1004, 1054 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23364", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "adverse effects" ], "offsets": [ [ 1134, 1149 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23365", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "effective" ], "offsets": [ [ 1259, 1268 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23366", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "single , low grade lesions larger than 1 cm" ], "offsets": [ [ 1287, 1330 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23367", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "superficial bladder cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 122, 148 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "23369", "type": "document", "text": [ "Efficacy and safety of zidovudine and zalcitabine combined with a combination of herbs in the treatment of HIV-infected Thai patients . A randomized double blind placebo controlled trial to determine the efficacy and safety of combined-herbs ( SH ) given with zidovudine ( ZDV ) and zalcitabine ( ddC ) for the treatment of HIV infection in Thai adults was conducted in 3 hospitals in northern Thailand during 2002 to 2003 . The eligible subjects were HIV-infected Thai adults who had never received anti-retrovirals , had a Karnofski Performance Score ( KPS ) of > or = 70 , and had no opportunistic infections . The subjects were randomized to receive either a combination of ZDV 200 mg three times per day , ddC 0.75 mg three times per day , and SH 2.5 g three times per day or a combination of ZDV 200 mg three times per day , ddC 0.75 mg three times per day , and placebo 2.5 g three times per day for 24 weeks . The main outcome measures were HIV-RNA , CD4 cells , and blood chemistry profiles prior to the treatment and then every 4 weeks for 24 weeks . The baseline characteristics of 60 evaluable subjects , 40 in the SH group and 20 in the placebo group , were not significantly different . HIV RNA at week 4 and thereafter was significantly decreased from the baseline value in both groups ( p < 0.001 ) . However , the decline in HIV RNA in the SH group was significantly more than that in the placebo group . The CD4 cells in the SH group at week 12 and thereafter were significantly increased from the baseline value . Serious adverse events in the two groups were not observed . It is concluded that an addition of SH herbs to two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors has greater antiviral activity than antiretrovirals only . The SH herbs may be an alternative for the third anti-retroviral agent in the triple drug regimen for the treatment of HIV infected patients in countries with limited resources ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1927 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "23370", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "zidovudine and zalcitabine" ], "offsets": [ [ 23, 49 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23371", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 162, 169 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23372", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "zidovudine" ], "offsets": [ [ 23, 33 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23373", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "zalcitabine" ], "offsets": [ [ 38, 49 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23374", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "anti-retrovirals" ], "offsets": [ [ 500, 516 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23375", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ZDV" ], "offsets": [ [ 273, 276 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23376", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ddC" ], "offsets": [ [ 297, 300 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23377", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "SH" ], "offsets": [ [ 244, 246 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23378", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "a combination of ZDV 200 mg three times per day , ddC 0.75 mg three times per day , and" ], "offsets": [ [ 661, 748 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23379", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 162, 169 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23380", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "SH" ], "offsets": [ [ 244, 246 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23381", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 162, 169 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23382", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "SH" ], "offsets": [ [ 244, 246 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23383", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "SH" ], "offsets": [ [ 244, 246 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23384", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 8 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23385", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "safety" ], "offsets": [ [ 13, 19 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23386", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 204, 212 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23387", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "safety" ], "offsets": [ [ 13, 19 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23388", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "HIV-RNA , CD4 cells , and blood chemistry profiles" ], "offsets": [ [ 949, 999 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23389", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "HIV RNA" ], "offsets": [ [ 1201, 1208 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23390", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "HIV RNA" ], "offsets": [ [ 1201, 1208 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23391", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "CD4 cells" ], "offsets": [ [ 959, 968 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23392", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "Serious adverse events" ], "offsets": [ [ 1533, 1555 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23393", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "antiviral activity" ], "offsets": [ [ 1702, 1720 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23394", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "HIV-infected Thai patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 107, 133 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23395", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "HIV" ], "offsets": [ [ 107, 110 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23396", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "Thai adults" ], "offsets": [ [ 341, 352 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23397", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "HIV-infected" ], "offsets": [ [ 107, 119 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23398", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "adults" ], "offsets": [ [ 346, 352 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23399", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "infections" ], "offsets": [ [ 601, 611 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23400", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "60 evaluable subjects" ], "offsets": [ [ 1093, 1114 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23401", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "40" ], "offsets": [ [ 1117, 1119 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23402", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "20" ], "offsets": [ [ 410, 412 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "23404", "type": "document", "text": [ "Usefulness of temporal changes in neurohormones as markers of ventricular remodeling and prognosis in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction and heart failure receiving either candesartan or enalapril or both . Although various neurohormones at initial measurement confer prognostic value in heart failure and correlate with the left ventricular ejection fraction ( EF ) and cardiac volumes , the significance of their temporal changes ( Delta ) remains undetermined . This study examined temporal changes in neurohormones related to cardiac remodeling and prognosis in patients with systolic dysfunction and heart failure receiving therapeutic inhibition of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system . Temporal changes in plasma renin , angiotensin-II , aldosterone , epinephrine , norepinephrine , B-type natriuretic peptide ( BNP ) , and N-terminal atrial natriuretic peptide ( NT-ANP ) in 768 treated patients with heart failure measured at baseline and 17 and 43 weeks after randomization were examined for their relations with concurrent changes in the EF , cardiac volumes , and risk for subsequent adverse clinical outcomes . Increasing BNP ( p < 0.0001 ) and NT-ANP ( p = 0.01 ) over time were associated with a concurrent decreasing EF , increasing end-diastolic volume ( EDV ) , and increasing end-systolic volume ( ESV ; all p < 0.0001 ) . In multivariable analysis , DeltaBNP and DeltaNT-ANP were independent predictors of DeltaESV and DeltaEDV , whereas DeltaBNP also predicted DeltaEF ( all p < 0.0001 ) . Patients who died or experienced heart failure hospitalization had larger antecedent increases in NT-ANP ( +293.7 vs -21.5 pmol/ml , p = 0.006 ) and lesser decreases in norepinephrine ( -22.3 vs -48.5 pg/ml , p = 0.04 ) . Increasing NT-ANP ( hazard ratio [ HR ] 3.45 , p = 0.009 ) and norepinephrine ( HR 2.04 , p = 0.02 ) over time independently predicted increased risk for subsequent death or heart failure hospitalization . In conclusion , in treated patients with heart failure , increasing NT-ANP and BNP over time predict a decreasing EF and ventricular dilatation , while increasing NT-ANP and norepinephrine independently predict greater mortality and morbidity . Serial measurements of these neurohormones may serve as useful surrogate markers of ventricular remodeling and prognosticators for clinical risk stratification ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2367 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "23405", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "candesartan" ], "offsets": [ [ 189, 200 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23406", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "enalapril" ], "offsets": [ [ 204, 213 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23407", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "left ventricular ejection fraction ( EF )" ], "offsets": [ [ 342, 383 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23408", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "cardiac volumes" ], "offsets": [ [ 388, 403 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23409", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "changes in neurohormones" ], "offsets": [ [ 23, 47 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23410", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Temporal changes in plasma renin" ], "offsets": [ [ 715, 747 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23411", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "angiotensin-II" ], "offsets": [ [ 750, 764 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23412", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "aldosterone" ], "offsets": [ [ 694, 705 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23413", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "epinephrine" ], "offsets": [ [ 781, 792 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23414", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "norepinephrine" ], "offsets": [ [ 795, 809 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23415", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "B-type natriuretic peptide ( BNP )" ], "offsets": [ [ 812, 846 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23416", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "N-terminal atrial natriuretic peptide ( NT-ANP )" ], "offsets": [ [ 853, 901 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23417", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "EF" ], "offsets": [ [ 379, 381 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23418", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "cardiac volumes" ], "offsets": [ [ 388, 403 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23419", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "risk for subsequent adverse clinical outcomes" ], "offsets": [ [ 1098, 1143 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23420", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "BNP" ], "offsets": [ [ 841, 844 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23421", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "NT-ANP" ], "offsets": [ [ 893, 899 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23422", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "EF" ], "offsets": [ [ 379, 381 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23423", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "end-diastolic volume ( EDV )" ], "offsets": [ [ 1271, 1299 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23424", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "end-systolic volume" ], "offsets": [ [ 1317, 1336 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23425", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "died" ], "offsets": [ [ 1546, 1550 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23426", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "experienced heart failure hospitalization" ], "offsets": [ [ 1554, 1595 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23427", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "NT-ANP" ], "offsets": [ [ 893, 899 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23428", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "norepinephrine" ], "offsets": [ [ 795, 809 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23429", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "NT-ANP" ], "offsets": [ [ 893, 899 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23430", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "death" ], "offsets": [ [ 1920, 1925 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23431", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "heart failure hospitalization" ], "offsets": [ [ 1566, 1595 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23432", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "EF" ], "offsets": [ [ 379, 381 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23433", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "ventricular dilatation" ], "offsets": [ [ 2082, 2104 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23434", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "mortality" ], "offsets": [ [ 2180, 2189 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23435", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "morbidity" ], "offsets": [ [ 2194, 2203 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23436", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "ventricular remodeling" ], "offsets": [ [ 62, 84 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23437", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction and heart failure receiving either candesartan or enalapril or both ." ], "offsets": [ [ 102, 223 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "23439", "type": "document", "text": [ "Effect of esomeprazole on nighttime heartburn and sleep quality in patients with GERD : a randomized , placebo-controlled trial . OBJECTIVES Sleep disturbances are common in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease ( GERD ) . This study examined the effects of esomeprazole on nighttime heartburn , GERD-related sleep disturbances , sleep quality , work productivity , and regular activities . METHODS This multicenter , randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial included adults with GERD-associated sleep disturbances and moderate-to-severe nighttime heartburn ( recorded by patient diary during screening ) . Patients received oral esomeprazole 40 mg ( n = 220 ) or 20 mg ( n = 226 ) or placebo ( n = 229 ) once daily for 4 wk . The primary outcome was relief of nighttime heartburn . Secondary outcomes included resolution of sleep disturbances , sleep quality measured by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index ( PSQI ) questionnaire , and work productivity measured by the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire . RESULTS Nighttime heartburn was relieved in 53.1 % ( 111/209 ) , 50.5 % ( 111/220 ) , and 12.7 % ( 28/221 ) of patients who received esomeprazole 40 mg , esomeprazole 20 mg , and placebo , respectively . Differences ( 95 % CI ) versus placebo were 40.5 % ( 32.4 % , 48.5 % ) and 37.8 % ( 29.9 % , 45.7 % ) and were highly significant ( p < 0.0001 ) . GERD-related sleep disturbances resolved in significantly more ( p < 0.0001 ) patients who received esomeprazole 40 ( 73.7 % ) or 20 mg ( 73.2 % ) than in those who received placebo ( 41.2 % ) . Both esomeprazole groups had greater PSQI global score changes from baseline ( p < 0.0001 vs placebo ) and more ( p < 0.0001 vs placebo ) work hours saved per week per patient compared with baseline ( esomeprazole 40 mg , 11.6 h ; esomeprazole 20 mg , 12.3 h ; placebo , 6.2 h ) . CONCLUSIONS Esomeprazole reduced nighttime heartburn and GERD-related sleep disturbances and improved sleep quality and work productivity ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2014 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "23440", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "esomeprazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 10, 22 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23441", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo-controlled" ], "offsets": [ [ 103, 121 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23442", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "oral esomeprazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 645, 662 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23443", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 103, 110 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23444", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "nighttime heartburn" ], "offsets": [ [ 26, 45 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23445", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "GERD-related sleep disturbances" ], "offsets": [ [ 304, 335 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23446", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "sleep quality" ], "offsets": [ [ 50, 63 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23447", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "work productivity" ], "offsets": [ [ 354, 371 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23448", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "regular activities" ], "offsets": [ [ 378, 396 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23449", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "GERD-associated sleep disturbances" ], "offsets": [ [ 500, 534 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23450", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "moderate-to-severe nighttime heartburn" ], "offsets": [ [ 539, 577 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23451", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "nighttime heartburn" ], "offsets": [ [ 26, 45 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23452", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "resolution of" ], "offsets": [ [ 831, 844 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23453", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "sleep disturbances" ], "offsets": [ [ 317, 335 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23454", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "sleep quality" ], "offsets": [ [ 50, 63 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23455", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "the" ], "offsets": [ [ 251, 254 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23456", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index ( PSQI ) questionnaire" ], "offsets": [ [ 896, 949 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23457", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "work productivity" ], "offsets": [ [ 354, 371 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23458", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "the" ], "offsets": [ [ 251, 254 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23459", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire" ], "offsets": [ [ 990, 1045 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23460", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Nighttime heartburn" ], "offsets": [ [ 1056, 1075 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23461", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "GERD-related sleep disturbances" ], "offsets": [ [ 304, 335 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23462", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "PSQI global score" ], "offsets": [ [ 1631, 1648 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23463", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "patients with GERD" ], "offsets": [ [ 67, 85 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23464", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "gastroesophageal reflux disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 188, 219 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23465", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "adults" ], "offsets": [ [ 488, 494 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23466", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "GERD-associated sleep disturbances and moderate-to-severe nighttime heartburn" ], "offsets": [ [ 500, 577 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "23468", "type": "document", "text": [ "Randomised clinical trial of physiotherapy after open abdominal surgery in high risk patients . Postoperative physiotherapy has been shown to reduce the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications after open abdominal surgery . This study aimed to determine if the addition of deep breathing exercises and secretion clearing techniques to a standardised physiotherapist-directed program of early mobilisation improved clinical outcomes in patients undergoing open abdominal surgery . Fifty-six patients undergoing open abdominal surgery , at high risk of developing postoperative pulmonary complications , were randomised before operation to an early mobilisation-only group or an early mobilisation-plus-deep breathing and coughing group . Mobility duration , frequency and intensity of breathing interventions were quantified for both groups . All outcomes were assessed by a blinded outcomes researcher using a standardised outcomes measurement tool developed specifically for this population . Outcomes included incidence of clinically significant postoperative pulmonary complications , fever , length of stay , and restoration of mobility . There were no significant differences between groups in mean age , anaesthetic time , perioperative morbidity , or postoperative mobility . Outcome data were available for 89 % of enrolled subjects . Overall incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications was 16 % . The incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications in the non-deep breathing and coughing group was 14 % , and the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications in the deep breathing and coughing group was 17 % , ( absolute risk reduction -3 % , 95 % C1 -22 to 19 % ) . There was no significant difference between groups in the incidence of fever , physiotherapist time , or the number of treatments . This study suggests that , in this clinical setting , the addition of deep breathing and coughing exercises to a physiotherapist-directed program of early mobilisation does not significantly reduce the incidence of clinically significant postoperative pulmonary complications in high risk open abdominal surgery subjects ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2157 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "23469", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "physiotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 29, 42 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23470", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Postoperative physiotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 96, 123 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23471", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "deep breathing exercises" ], "offsets": [ [ 284, 308 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23472", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "secretion clearing techniques" ], "offsets": [ [ 313, 342 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23473", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "standardised physiotherapist-directed program" ], "offsets": [ [ 348, 393 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23474", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "open abdominal surgery" ], "offsets": [ [ 49, 71 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23475", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "randomised before operation to an early" ], "offsets": [ [ 618, 657 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23476", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "mobilisation-only group" ], "offsets": [ [ 658, 681 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23477", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "or an early" ], "offsets": [ [ 682, 693 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23478", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "mobilisation-plus-deep breathing" ], "offsets": [ [ 694, 726 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23479", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "and" ], "offsets": [ [ 1, 4 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23480", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "coughing group" ], "offsets": [ [ 731, 745 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23481", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ ". Mobility duration , frequency and intensity of breathing interventions were quantified for both groups . All outcomes were assessed by a blinded outcomes researcher using a standardised outcomes measurement tool developed specifically for this population ." ], "offsets": [ [ 746, 1004 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23482", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "deep breathing" ], "offsets": [ [ 284, 298 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23483", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "coughing exercises" ], "offsets": [ [ 1924, 1942 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23484", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "reduce the incidence" ], "offsets": [ [ 142, 162 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23485", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Mobility duration" ], "offsets": [ [ 748, 765 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23486", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "frequency and intensity of breathing interventions" ], "offsets": [ [ 768, 818 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23487", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "clinically significant postoperative pulmonary complications" ], "offsets": [ [ 1036, 1096 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23488", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "fever" ], "offsets": [ [ 1099, 1104 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23489", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "length of stay" ], "offsets": [ [ 1107, 1121 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23490", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "restoration of mobility" ], "offsets": [ [ 1128, 1151 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23491", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "mean age" ], "offsets": [ [ 1210, 1218 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23492", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "," ], "offsets": [ [ 544, 545 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23493", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "anaesthetic time" ], "offsets": [ [ 1221, 1237 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23494", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "perioperative morbidity , or postoperative mobility" ], "offsets": [ [ 1240, 1291 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23495", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "postoperative pulmonary complications" ], "offsets": [ [ 166, 203 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23496", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "postoperative pulmonary complications" ], "offsets": [ [ 166, 203 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23497", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "postoperative pulmonary complications" ], "offsets": [ [ 166, 203 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23498", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "fever" ], "offsets": [ [ 1099, 1104 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23499", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "physiotherapist time" ], "offsets": [ [ 1782, 1802 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23500", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "number of treatments" ], "offsets": [ [ 1812, 1832 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23501", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "high risk patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 75, 93 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23502", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "patients undergoing open abdominal surgery" ], "offsets": [ [ 446, 488 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23503", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "high risk open abdominal surgery subjects" ], "offsets": [ [ 2114, 2155 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "23505", "type": "document", "text": [ "A hybrid technique using bipolar energy in transurethral prostate surgery : a prospective , randomized comparison . PURPOSE We assessed the efficacy and safety of transurethral resection and vaporization with bipolar PlasmaKinetic energy . MATERIALS AND METHODS During a 2-year period 101 men with benign prostatic hyperplasia were randomly assigned to PlasmaKinetic surgery or standard transurethral prostate resection ( TURP ) . Patient demographics , indications for surgery , preoperative and postoperative International Prostate Symptom Score , uroflowmetry scores , operative time , catheterization duration , hospital stay and complication rates were compared . RESULTS Complete data on 96 patients with a mean age +/- SD of 69.1 +/- 6.1 years was available at a mean followup of 18.3 +/- 6.7 months ( range 12 to 23 ) . In the PlasmaKinetic and TURP groups mean operative time was 40.3 +/- 11.4 ( range 30 to 60 ) and 57.8 +/- 13.4 minutes ( range 45 to 75 ) , respectively ( p < 0.01 ) . The mean volume of saline irrigation during the PlasmaKinetic procedure was significantly lower than that of hyperosmolar solution irrigation during TURP ( p < 0.05 ) . Patients in the PlasmaKinetic and TURP groups were catheterized a mean of 2.3 +/- 0.7 ( range 2 to 4 ) and 3.8 +/- 0.7 days ( range 3 to 5 ) , respectively ( p < 0.05 ) . The mean improvement rate from baseline at month 12 in International Prostate Symptom Score and the maximal urinary flow rate was similar in the 2 groups . Severe irritative symptoms were the most common complaints after PlasmaKinetic surgery , as observed in 6 cases ( 12.2 % ) . Recatheterization was necessary in 3 cases ( 6.1 % ) cases in the PlasmaKinetic group and in 1 ( 2.1 % ) in the TURP group . During followup urethral stricture formation was observed in 3 patients ( 6.1 % ) cases in the former group and in 1 ( 2.1 % ) in the latter group ( p = 0.002 ) . Reoperation was required in 2 ( 4.1 % ) and 1 ( 2.1 % ) cases in the PlasmaKinetic and TURP groups , respectively . CONCLUSIONS : Transurethral surgery with PlasmaKinetic bipolar energy seems to be a promising alternative to prostatic tissue removal with shorter operative , catheterization and hospitalization times , although increased rates of postoperative irritative symptoms and urethral stricture formation must be further evaluated ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2347 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "23506", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "hybrid technique" ], "offsets": [ [ 2, 18 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23507", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "bipolar energy in transurethral prostate surgery" ], "offsets": [ [ 25, 73 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23508", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "transurethral resection" ], "offsets": [ [ 163, 186 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23509", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "vaporization with bipolar PlasmaKinetic energy" ], "offsets": [ [ 191, 237 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23510", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "PlasmaKinetic surgery" ], "offsets": [ [ 353, 374 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23511", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "standard transurethral prostate resection ( TURP )" ], "offsets": [ [ 378, 428 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23512", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 140, 148 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23513", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "safety" ], "offsets": [ [ 153, 159 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23514", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "uroflowmetry scores" ], "offsets": [ [ 550, 569 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23515", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "operative time" ], "offsets": [ [ 572, 586 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23516", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "catheterization duration" ], "offsets": [ [ 589, 613 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23517", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "hospital stay" ], "offsets": [ [ 616, 629 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23518", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "complication rates" ], "offsets": [ [ 634, 652 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23519", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "mean operative time" ], "offsets": [ [ 865, 884 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23520", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "mean volume of saline irrigation during the PlasmaKinetic procedure" ], "offsets": [ [ 1001, 1068 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23521", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "International Prostate Symptom Score" ], "offsets": [ [ 511, 547 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23522", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "the maximal urinary flow rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 1433, 1462 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23523", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "Severe irritative symptoms" ], "offsets": [ [ 1493, 1519 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23524", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Recatheterization" ], "offsets": [ [ 1618, 1635 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23525", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "urethral stricture formation" ], "offsets": [ [ 1759, 1787 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23526", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "transurethral prostate surgery" ], "offsets": [ [ 43, 73 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23527", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "101" ], "offsets": [ [ 285, 288 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23528", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "men" ], "offsets": [ [ 289, 292 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23529", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "benign prostatic hyperplasia" ], "offsets": [ [ 298, 326 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23530", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "96" ], "offsets": [ [ 694, 696 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23531", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "mean age +/- SD of 69.1 +/- 6.1 years" ], "offsets": [ [ 713, 750 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "23533", "type": "document", "text": [ "Hyperbaric oxygen attenuation of lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury involves heme oxygenase-1 . BACKGROUND Hyperbaric oxygen ( HBO ) attenuates lipopolysaccharide ( LPS ) -induced acute lung injury . This beneficial effect of HBO involves inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase ( iNOS ) expression and subsequent nitric oxide ( NO ) biosynthesis . We sought to investigate the role of heme oxygenase-1 ( HO-1 ) on this HBO inhibition of iNOS induction and acute lung injury in septic rat lungs . METHODS Before the experiment , 72 rats were randomly allocated to receive HBO or air treatment . With or without HBO pre-treatment , the rats were further divided into the following subgroups ( n = 6 ) : ( i ) LPS injection , ( ii ) normal saline ( N/S ) injection , ( iii ) hemin ( a HO-1 inducer ) plus LPS , ( iv ) hemin alone , ( v ) tin protoporphyrin ( SnPP ; a HO-1 inhibitor ) plus LPS , and ( vi ) SnPP alone . All rats were maintained for 6 h and then sacrificed with a high-dose pentobarbital injection . Lung injuries and relevant enzymes expression were thus assayed . RESULTS Histological analysis , PMNs/alveoli ratio , and wet/dry weight ratio measurements demonstrated that LPS caused significant lung injury and HBO and/or hemin significantly attenuated this LPS-induced lung injury . Increased pulmonary iNOS expression and NO production were associated with lung injury . Induction of HO-1 , by HBO and/or hemin , significantly attenuated this LPS-induced iNOS expression and acute lung injury . SnPP , on the contrary , offset the effects of HBO and worsened the LPS-induced lung injury . CONCLUSIONS HBO may act through inhibiting pulmonary iNOS expression to attenuate LPS-induced acute lung injury in septic rats . Furthermore , this HBO attenuation of iNOS expression involves HO-1 induction ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1832 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "23534", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Hyperbaric oxygen" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 17 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23535", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Hyperbaric oxygen ( HBO )" ], "offsets": [ [ 117, 142 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23536", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "HBO or air treatment" ], "offsets": [ [ 588, 608 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23537", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "HBO" ], "offsets": [ [ 137, 140 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23538", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "LPS injection" ], "offsets": [ [ 724, 737 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23539", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "normal saline ( N/S ) injection" ], "offsets": [ [ 747, 778 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23540", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "hemin ( a HO-1 inducer ) plus LPS" ], "offsets": [ [ 789, 822 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23541", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "hemin alone" ], "offsets": [ [ 832, 843 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23542", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "tin protoporphyrin ( SnPP ; a HO-1 inhibitor )" ], "offsets": [ [ 852, 898 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23543", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "LPS" ], "offsets": [ [ 175, 178 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23544", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "SnPP alone" ], "offsets": [ [ 921, 931 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23545", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "high-dose pentobarbital injection ." ], "offsets": [ [ 994, 1029 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23546", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "HBO" ], "offsets": [ [ 137, 140 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23547", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "HBO" ], "offsets": [ [ 137, 140 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23548", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "HBO" ], "offsets": [ [ 137, 140 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23549", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Histological analysis , PMNs/alveoli ratio , and wet/dry weight ratio measurements" ], "offsets": [ [ 1104, 1186 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23550", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "iNOS expression and NO production" ], "offsets": [ [ 1337, 1370 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23551", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury" ], "offsets": [ [ 33, 77 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23552", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "acute lung injury" ], "offsets": [ [ 60, 77 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23553", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "rat" ], "offsets": [ [ 501, 504 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23554", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "72 rats" ], "offsets": [ [ 545, 552 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23555", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "rats" ], "offsets": [ [ 548, 552 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23556", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "rats" ], "offsets": [ [ 548, 552 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23557", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "septic rats" ], "offsets": [ [ 1739, 1750 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "23559", "type": "document", "text": [ "Tetrahydrobiopterin in the treatment of children with autistic disorder : a double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study . Twelve children , all boys , aged 4 to 7 years , with a diagnosis of autistic disorder and low concentrations of spinal 6R-l-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin ( tetrahydrobiopterin ) were selected to participate in a double-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled , crossover study . The children received a daily dose of 3 mg tetrahydrobiopterin per kilogram during 6 months alternating with placebo . Treatment-induced effects were assessed with the Childhood Autism Rating Scale every third month . The results showed small nonsignificant changes in the total scores of Childhood Autism Rating Scale after 3- and 6-month treatment . Post hoc analysis looking at the 3 core symptoms of autism , that is , social interaction , communication , and stereotyped behaviors , revealed a significant improvement of the social interaction score after 6 months of active treatment . In addition , a high positive correlation was found between response of the social interaction score and IQ . The results indicate a possible effect of tetrahydrobiopterin treatment ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1187 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "23560", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Tetrahydrobiopterin" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 19 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23561", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo-controlled" ], "offsets": [ [ 89, 107 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23562", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo-controlled" ], "offsets": [ [ 89, 107 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23563", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "tetrahydrobiopterin" ], "offsets": [ [ 267, 286 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23564", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 89, 96 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23565", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "tetrahydrobiopterin" ], "offsets": [ [ 267, 286 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23566", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Treatment-induced effects" ], "offsets": [ [ 531, 556 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23567", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "Childhood Autism Rating Scale" ], "offsets": [ [ 580, 609 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23568", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "total scores of Childhood Autism Rating Scale" ], "offsets": [ [ 685, 730 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23569", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "social interaction , communication , and stereotyped behaviors" ], "offsets": [ [ 835, 897 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23570", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "social interaction score" ], "offsets": [ [ 942, 966 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23571", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "response of the social interaction score and IQ ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1064, 1113 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "23573", "type": "document", "text": [ "Double blind , placebo controlled study of metronidazole as a disease modifying agent in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis . Anecdotal reports suggest that metronidazole may have disease modifying activity in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis . To assess possible beneficial effects a double blind , comparative trial of metronidazole and placebo was performed . Fifty patients with active rheumatoid arthritis were randomly allocated to receive active drug ( n = 24 ) or placebo ( n = 26 ) and reviewed at weeks 0 , 1 , 4 , 8 , 12 , 16 , and 24 . Detailed assessment of drug safety , biochemical and haematological parameters , and efficacy was made at these dates . Dose regimen was 400 mg twice daily from weeks 0 to eight , increasing to 400 mg three times a day from weeks nine to 24 provided that no adverse effects were recorded . Most patients were unable to tolerate metronidazole because of side effects or lack of efficacy , with only five ( 21 % ) continuing to take the drug at 24 weeks . For those patients attaining 12 weeks of treatment an overall improvement in articular index and morning stiffness was found . No improvement in laboratory indices of disease activity was seen , however . In this study metronidazole did not have disease modifying properties and was unacceptably toxic ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1313 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "23574", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 15, 22 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23575", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "metronidazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 43, 56 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23576", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "active drug" ], "offsets": [ [ 454, 465 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23577", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "beneficial effects" ], "offsets": [ [ 272, 290 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23578", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Detailed assessment" ], "offsets": [ [ 556, 575 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23579", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "drug safety ," ], "offsets": [ [ 579, 592 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23580", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "biochemical and haematological parameters" ], "offsets": [ [ 593, 634 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23581", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 641, 649 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23582", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "tolerate metronidazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 875, 897 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23583", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "side effects" ], "offsets": [ [ 909, 921 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23584", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "lack of efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 925, 941 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23585", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "overall improvement in articular index" ], "offsets": [ [ 1064, 1102 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23586", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "morning stiffness" ], "offsets": [ [ 1107, 1124 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23587", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "improvement" ], "offsets": [ [ 1072, 1083 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23588", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "laboratory indices of disease activity" ], "offsets": [ [ 1155, 1193 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23589", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "disease modifying properties" ], "offsets": [ [ 1256, 1284 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23590", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "unacceptably toxic ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1293, 1313 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23591", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "metronidazole as a disease modifying agent in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis ." ], "offsets": [ [ 43, 128 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "23593", "type": "document", "text": [ "Aortic valve replacement . A randomized study comparing the Björk-Shiley and Lillehei-Kaster disc valves . Late haemodynamics related to clinical results . In this study , 78 randomized patients with either Björk-Shiley ( B-S ) or Lillehei-Kaster ( L-K ) aortic disc valve prostheses were re-admitted for clinical and haemodynamic evaluation . The patients were selected that those with narrow aortic roots were over-represented . Cine-aortography was carried out in 75 patients and left ventricular catheterisation via the transseptal approach was performed in 42 . The clinical improvement was striking , although the number of patients still incapacitated was relatively large in patients with the small L-K valves ( Nos . 14 & 16 ) . Peak-to-peak and mean systolic pressure differences across the valves were significantly lower in the B-S than in the L-K valves , particularly when the small valve sizes were compared . Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure ( LVEDP ) , which was elevated in most patients before operation , decreased significantly to normal levels in the B-S group . In the L-K group , LVEDP did not decrease significantly and was on the average still above the normal level after operation , probably due to the relatively large pressure gradients . The study indicates that the L-K valves Nos . 14 & 16 in particular represents a resistance to flow that is too large to be acceptable in clinical practice ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1433 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "23594", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Aortic valve replacement" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 24 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23595", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure ( LVEDP )" ], "offsets": [ [ 925, 974 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23596", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "78" ], "offsets": [ [ 172, 174 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23597", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "75" ], "offsets": [ [ 467, 469 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23598", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "42" ], "offsets": [ [ 562, 564 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "23600", "type": "document", "text": [ "[ Usage of titanoreine after procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids ] . OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of titanoreine on early postoperative symptoms after procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids ( PPH ) . METHODS From November 2002 to July 2003 , 80 patients who received PPH were randomly divided in to titanoreine group ( n=42 ) and control group without titanoreine ( n=38 ) . Symptom relief was recorded 24 hours , 6 days and 12 days after PPH , urine retention 24h after PPH , first stool time , wound healing time , mean hospital stay were also recorded . RESULTS The score of symptom was lower in titanoreine group ( 4.4 ) than that in the control group ( 6.1 ) 24 hours after PPH ( P < 0.05 ) , but no significant difference in symptom grade was found between the two groups 6 days and 12 days after PPH ( P > 0.05 ) . Decrements of symptom grade were lower in titanoreine group than those of control group at any point after PPH ( P < 0.05 ) . There was no significant difference in urine retention rate and mean hospital stay between two groups ( P > 0.05 ) . CONCLUSIONS Titanoreine can effectively relieve the early postoperative symptoms after PPH ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1164 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "23601", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "titanoreine" ], "offsets": [ [ 11, 22 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23602", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "titanoreine" ], "offsets": [ [ 11, 22 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23603", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "titanoreine" ], "offsets": [ [ 11, 22 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23604", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "control group without titanoreine" ], "offsets": [ [ 337, 370 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23605", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "titanoreine" ], "offsets": [ [ 11, 22 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23606", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "titanoreine" ], "offsets": [ [ 11, 22 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23607", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Titanoreine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1084, 1095 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23608", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Symptom relief" ], "offsets": [ [ 382, 396 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23609", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "urine retention" ], "offsets": [ [ 452, 467 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23610", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "first stool time" ], "offsets": [ [ 484, 500 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23611", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "wound healing time" ], "offsets": [ [ 503, 521 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23612", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "mean hospital stay" ], "offsets": [ [ 524, 542 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23613", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "score of symptom" ], "offsets": [ [ 576, 592 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23614", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "symptom grade" ], "offsets": [ [ 738, 751 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23615", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Decrements of symptom grade" ], "offsets": [ [ 829, 856 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23616", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "urine retention rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 994, 1014 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23617", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "mean hospital stay" ], "offsets": [ [ 524, 542 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23618", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "relieve" ], "offsets": [ [ 1112, 1119 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23619", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "prolapse and hemorrhoids" ], "offsets": [ [ 43, 67 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23620", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "80" ], "offsets": [ [ 249, 251 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23621", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "PPH" ], "offsets": [ [ 199, 202 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "23623", "type": "document", "text": [ "Comparison of the effectiveness of oral diazepam and midazolam for the sedation of autistic patients during dental treatment . PURPOSE This study was undertaken to compare the effectiveness of oral diazepam and midazolam in sedating autistic patients during dental treatment . METHODS The treatment regimen consisted of nitrous oxide/oxygen inhalation in conjunction with oral administration of either diazepam 0.3 mg/kg or midazolam 0.5 mg/kg in a cross-over design study of 13 subjects aged 5.8 to 14.7 years . A drug was classified as being effective when over 70 % of the patients taking the drug were judged as \" success \" in all 3 behavioral criteria : ( 1 ) sleeping ; ( 2 ) body movement ; and ( 3 ) crying behaviors . The study was observed by an independent clinician with an intraexaminer reliability of 88 % . RESULTS For sleeping behavior , midazolam was found to be significantly more effective than diazepam as the duration of stimulation increased ( P < .05 ) . For the movement and crying behaviors , midazolam also proved to be significantly more effective from the start of treatment through the 35- and 40-min markers , respectively ( P < .05 ) . For the remainder of treatment , however , there was no statistically significant difference in these behaviors between the trials ( P > .05 ) . Diazepam and midazolam were rated as 77 % and 100 % successful , according to the overall behavior evaluation criteria ( P=.02 ) . CONCLUSIONS Both diazepam and midazolam were shown to be effective sedative agents , successfully and safely used to sedate autistic patients for dental treatment . Midazolam was significantly more effective than diazepam in those portions of the procedure with increased stimulation ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1728 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "23624", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "diazepam" ], "offsets": [ [ 40, 48 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23625", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "midazolam" ], "offsets": [ [ 53, 62 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23626", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "diazepam" ], "offsets": [ [ 40, 48 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23627", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "midazolam" ], "offsets": [ [ 53, 62 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23628", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "nitrous oxide/oxygen inhalation" ], "offsets": [ [ 320, 351 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23629", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "oral administration of either diazepam 0.3 mg/kg or midazolam 0.5 mg/kg" ], "offsets": [ [ 372, 443 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23630", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "effectiveness" ], "offsets": [ [ 18, 31 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23631", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "sedation" ], "offsets": [ [ 71, 79 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23632", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "effectiveness" ], "offsets": [ [ 18, 31 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23633", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "effective" ], "offsets": [ [ 18, 27 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23634", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "sleeping behavior" ], "offsets": [ [ 834, 851 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23635", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "significantly more effective" ], "offsets": [ [ 880, 908 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23636", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "movement and crying behaviors" ], "offsets": [ [ 986, 1015 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23637", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "significantly more effective" ], "offsets": [ [ 880, 908 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23638", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "successful" ], "offsets": [ [ 1364, 1374 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23639", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "behavior evaluation" ], "offsets": [ [ 1402, 1421 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23640", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "effective" ], "offsets": [ [ 18, 27 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23641", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "sedation of autistic patients during dental treatment ." ], "offsets": [ [ 71, 126 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23642", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "13" ], "offsets": [ [ 476, 478 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23643", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "5.8 to 14.7 years" ], "offsets": [ [ 493, 510 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "23645", "type": "document", "text": [ "Drug therapy of ventricular tachycardia : a cost comparison of randomized noninvasive and invasive approaches . OBJECTIVE Economic evaluation of noninvasive ( suppression of ventricular arrhythmias detected by ambulatory monitoring ) and invasive ( suppression of arrhythmias induced by programmed stimulation ) approaches to antiarrhythmic drug selection for ventricular tachyarrhythmias . DESIGN/SETTING Randomized clinical trial/tertiary-care hospital . PATIENTS Of 124 consecutive patients referred for treatment of symptomatic ventricular tachyarrhythmias , 57 consenting patients were eligible to have drug therapy selected by either noninvasive or invasive approaches . MEASUREMENTS Costs of initial and follow-up ( 26 +/- 15 months ) admissions for the two groups were compared . This economic evaluation also considered relative efficacies of the approaches using the primary outcome variable of symptomatic , sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmia recurrence ( including sudden death ) . RESULTS Initial hospitalization for therapy selection was less costly by the noninvasive approach ( $ 6,869 +/- 4,019 ) than by the invasive approach ( $ 13,164 +/- 6,740 ) ( P less than 0.001 ) . However , the noninvasive approach generated higher follow-up hospital costs ( $ 9,204 +/- 9,217 ) than the invasive approach ( $ 3,784 +/- 4,944 ) ( P = 0.01 ) . Thus , total hospital costs of the noninvasive ( $ 16,073 +/- 9,423 ) and invasive approaches ( $ 16,949 +/- 7,174 ) were equivalent . The two-year actuarial probability of a recurrent , sustained , symptomatic ventricular tachyarrhythmia was greater in noninvasive ( 0.50 +/- 0.10 ) than in invasive ( 0.20 +/- 0.08 ) approach patients ( P = 0.02 ) . CONCLUSIONS The lower initial hospital costs of the noninvasive approach are offset by greater follow-up costs . Within two years the costs of the two approaches are equivalent . Thus , greater antiarrhythmic efficacy can be achieved by the invasive approach to drug selection without increasing total hospital costs ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2027 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "23646", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "noninvasive" ], "offsets": [ [ 74, 85 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23647", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "and" ], "offsets": [ [ 64, 67 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23648", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "invasive" ], "offsets": [ [ 77, 85 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23649", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "approaches ." ], "offsets": [ [ 99, 111 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23650", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "noninvasive" ], "offsets": [ [ 74, 85 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23651", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "invasive" ], "offsets": [ [ 77, 85 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23652", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "noninvasive" ], "offsets": [ [ 74, 85 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23653", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "invasive" ], "offsets": [ [ 77, 85 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23654", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "invasive approach" ], "offsets": [ [ 90, 107 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23655", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "noninvasive approach" ], "offsets": [ [ 1074, 1094 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23656", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "noninvasive" ], "offsets": [ [ 74, 85 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23657", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "invasive" ], "offsets": [ [ 77, 85 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23658", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "invasive approach" ], "offsets": [ [ 90, 107 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23659", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Economic evaluation" ], "offsets": [ [ 122, 141 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23660", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Costs of initial and follow-up" ], "offsets": [ [ 690, 720 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23661", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "economic evaluation" ], "offsets": [ [ 793, 812 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23662", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmia recurrence" ], "offsets": [ [ 919, 967 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23663", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "including sudden death" ], "offsets": [ [ 970, 992 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23664", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Initial hospitalization" ], "offsets": [ [ 1005, 1028 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23665", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "costly" ], "offsets": [ [ 1060, 1066 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23666", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "follow-up hospital costs" ], "offsets": [ [ 1246, 1270 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23667", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "total hospital costs" ], "offsets": [ [ 1364, 1384 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23668", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "symptomatic ventricular tachyarrhythmia" ], "offsets": [ [ 520, 559 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23669", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "initial hospital costs" ], "offsets": [ [ 1731, 1753 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23670", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "costs" ], "offsets": [ [ 1265, 1270 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23671", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "antiarrhythmic efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 1903, 1926 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23672", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "total hospital costs" ], "offsets": [ [ 1364, 1384 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23673", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "ventricular tachycardia" ], "offsets": [ [ 16, 39 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23674", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "124" ], "offsets": [ [ 469, 472 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23675", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "57" ], "offsets": [ [ 563, 565 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "23677", "type": "document", "text": [ "Effects of an Internet-based intervention on plasma glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes . This study applied a 12-week educational intervention that used both the cellular phone and the Internet to send short message service . Forty-two diabetic patients were asked to access a Web site by using a cellular phone or wire Internet and input their blood glucose levels every day . Patients were sent the optimal recommendations by both the cellular phone and the Internet . After 12 weeks , the patients had a mean decrease of 28.6 mg/dL in fasting plasma glucose and 78.4 mg/dL in 2-hour postprandial blood sugar levels and a mean increase in the care satisfaction score ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 683 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "23678", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "Internet-based intervention" ], "offsets": [ [ 14, 41 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23679", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "12-week educational intervention" ], "offsets": [ [ 123, 155 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23680", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "both the cellular phone and the Internet to send short message service" ], "offsets": [ [ 166, 236 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23681", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "access a Web site by using a cellular phone or wire Internet and input their blood glucose levels every day ." ], "offsets": [ [ 281, 390 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23682", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "optimal recommendations" ], "offsets": [ [ 414, 437 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23683", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "plasma glucose levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 45, 66 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23684", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "blood glucose levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 358, 378 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23685", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "fasting plasma glucose" ], "offsets": [ [ 551, 573 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23686", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "2-hour postprandial blood sugar levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 592, 630 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23687", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "care satisfaction score" ], "offsets": [ [ 658, 681 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23688", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "type 2 diabetes" ], "offsets": [ [ 84, 99 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23689", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Forty-two" ], "offsets": [ [ 239, 248 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23690", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "diabetic" ], "offsets": [ [ 249, 257 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "23692", "type": "document", "text": [ "[ Effect of Yufeining on induced sputum interleukin-8 in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease at the stable phase ] . OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of Yufeining , a traditional Chinese medicine , on induced sputum interleukin-8 ( IL-8 ) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD ) at the stable phase . METHODS Thirty-six patients with COPD were divided into trial group ( 18 cases ) and control group ( 18 cases ) randomly . The trial group was treated with Yufeining pills taken orally for half a year ; the control group was not given any medicine . Routine lung function was recorded before and after treatment . Total cell count ( TCC ) , differential cell counts ( DCCs ) and IL-8 in induced sputum were determined at the baseline and 6 months later . RESULTS The indices of lung function improved significantly after 6 months ' treatment in trial group ( P < 0.05 ) ; TCC and absolute neutrophil count decreased significantly compared with baseline in the trial group ( P < 0.05 ) ; Sputum IL-8 concentration dropped significantly after 6 months ' treatment , from a mean of 5.216 +/- 2.914 microg/L to 4.222 +/- 2.140 microg/L ( P < 0.05 ) . There were insignificant changes in the parameters in the control group between baseline and 6 months later . CONCLUSION Yufeining could improve lung function , decrease sputum TCC , absolute neutrophil count and IL-8 concentration , and relieve airway inflammation in patients with COPD in the stable phase ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1497 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "23693", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Yufeining" ], "offsets": [ [ 12, 21 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23694", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Yufeining" ], "offsets": [ [ 12, 21 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23695", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Yufeining pills" ], "offsets": [ [ 497, 512 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23696", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "control group was not given any medicine ." ], "offsets": [ [ 548, 590 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23697", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "sputum interleukin-8" ], "offsets": [ [ 33, 53 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23698", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "induced sputum interleukin-8 ( IL-8 )" ], "offsets": [ [ 217, 254 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23699", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "lung function" ], "offsets": [ [ 599, 612 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23700", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Total cell count ( TCC ) , differential cell counts ( DCCs ) and IL-8 in induced sputum" ], "offsets": [ [ 655, 742 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23701", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "indices of lung function" ], "offsets": [ [ 808, 832 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23702", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "TCC and absolute neutrophil count" ], "offsets": [ [ 913, 946 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23703", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Sputum IL-8 concentration" ], "offsets": [ [ 1028, 1053 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23704", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "lung function" ], "offsets": [ [ 599, 612 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23705", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "sputum TCC , absolute neutrophil count and IL-8 concentration" ], "offsets": [ [ 1358, 1419 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23706", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "airway inflammation" ], "offsets": [ [ 1434, 1453 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23707", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "chronic obstructive pulmonary disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 71, 108 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23708", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "stable phase" ], "offsets": [ [ 116, 128 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23709", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD )" ], "offsets": [ [ 272, 318 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23710", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "stable phase" ], "offsets": [ [ 116, 128 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23711", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Thirty-six" ], "offsets": [ [ 349, 359 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23712", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "COPD" ], "offsets": [ [ 312, 316 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23713", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "COPD" ], "offsets": [ [ 312, 316 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "23715", "type": "document", "text": [ "[ A clinical study on the effect of Yinxing Damo combined with betahistine hydrochloride injection on vertebral basilar artery ischemic vertigo ] . OBJECTIVE To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of Yinxing Damo ( YXDM ) combined with Betahistine Hydrochloride Injection ( BHI ) on vertebra basilar artery ischemic vertigo ( VBIV ) . METHODS Ninety patients with VBIV were randomly divided into two groups ; 45 patients ( the treated group ) were treated with YXDM and BHI intravenous dripping , once a day for 14 days . Another 45 patients ( control group ) were treated with Xueshuantong and BHI intravenous dripping , once daily for 14 days . The clinical syndromes and the index of the transcranial Doppler ( TCD ) and hemorheology were observed . RESULTS The total effective rate was 100 % in the treated group , which was better than that in the control group 90.5 % , ( P < 0.05 ) . The indexes of TCD and hemorheology in the treated group were obviously improved after treatment , ( P < 0.01 ) . CONCLUSION YXDM combined with BHT injection had better effect in treating patients with VBIV is an ideal drug for VBIV ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1123 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "23716", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Yinxing Damo combined with betahistine hydrochloride" ], "offsets": [ [ 36, 88 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23717", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Yinxing Damo ( YXDM ) combined with Betahistine Hydrochloride Injection" ], "offsets": [ [ 198, 269 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23718", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "YXDM" ], "offsets": [ [ 213, 217 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23719", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "BHI" ], "offsets": [ [ 272, 275 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23720", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "effect" ], "offsets": [ [ 26, 32 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23721", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "vertebral basilar artery ischemic vertigo ]" ], "offsets": [ [ 102, 145 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23722", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "therapeutic efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 174, 194 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23723", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "vertebra basilar artery ischemic vertigo ( VBIV ) ." ], "offsets": [ [ 281, 332 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23724", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "clinical syndromes and the index of the transcranial Doppler ( TCD )" ], "offsets": [ [ 649, 717 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23725", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "hemorheology" ], "offsets": [ [ 722, 734 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23726", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "total effective rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 763, 783 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23727", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "indexes of TCD and hemorheology" ], "offsets": [ [ 893, 924 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23728", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "effect" ], "offsets": [ [ 26, 32 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23729", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "treating patients with VBIV" ], "offsets": [ [ 1068, 1095 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23730", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "vertebral basilar artery ischemic vertigo" ], "offsets": [ [ 102, 143 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23731", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Ninety" ], "offsets": [ [ 341, 347 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "23733", "type": "document", "text": [ "A double-blind , placebo-controlled study of valproate for aggression in youth with pervasive developmental disorders . OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to study valproate efficacy and safety for aggression in children and adolescents with pervasive developmental disorders ( PDD ) . METHODS In this prospective double-blind , placebo-controlled study , 30 subjects ( 20 boys , 10 girls ) 6-20 years of age with PDD and significant aggression were randomized and received treatment with valproate ( VPA ) or placebo ( PBO ) for 8 weeks as outpatients . Mean VPA trough blood levels were 75.5 mcg/mL at week 4 and 77.8 mcg/mL at week 8 . RESULTS No treatment difference was observed statistically between VPA and PBO groups . The Aberrant Behavior Checklist -- Community Scale ( ABC-C ) Irritability subscale was the primary outcome measure ( p = 0.65 ) , and CGI -- Improvement ( p = 0.16 ) and OAS ( p = 0.96 ) were secondary outcome measures . Increased appetite and skin rash were significant side effects . Only 1 subject was dropped from the study owing to side effects , notably a spreading skin rash , which then resolved spontaneously . Two subjects receiving VPA developed increased serum ammonia levels , one with an associated parent report of slurred speech and mild cognitive slowing . Poststudy , of 16 VPA and PBO subjects receiving VPA , 10 subjects demonstrated sustained response , 4 of whom later attempted taper , with significant relapse of aggression . CONCLUSION The present negative findings can not be viewed as conclusive , partly owing to the large placebo response , subject heterogeneity , and size of the groups . Larger studies are needed to expand upon these findings ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1704 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "23734", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo-controlled" ], "offsets": [ [ 17, 35 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23735", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "valproate" ], "offsets": [ [ 45, 54 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23736", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "valproate" ], "offsets": [ [ 45, 54 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23737", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo-controlled" ], "offsets": [ [ 17, 35 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23738", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "valproate ( VPA )" ], "offsets": [ [ 490, 507 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23739", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 17, 24 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23740", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "( PBO )" ], "offsets": [ [ 519, 526 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23741", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "VPA" ], "offsets": [ [ 502, 505 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23742", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "PBO" ], "offsets": [ [ 521, 524 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23743", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "VPA" ], "offsets": [ [ 502, 505 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23744", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "VPA" ], "offsets": [ [ 502, 505 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23745", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "PBO" ], "offsets": [ [ 521, 524 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23746", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "VPA" ], "offsets": [ [ 502, 505 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23747", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 17, 24 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23748", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Mean VPA trough blood levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 556, 584 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23749", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "Aberrant Behavior Checklist -- Community Scale ( ABC-C ) Irritability subscale" ], "offsets": [ [ 732, 810 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23750", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "CGI -- Improvement" ], "offsets": [ [ 862, 880 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23751", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "OAS" ], "offsets": [ [ 898, 901 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23752", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "Increased appetite and skin rash" ], "offsets": [ [ 949, 981 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23753", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "spreading skin rash" ], "offsets": [ [ 1090, 1109 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23754", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "serum ammonia levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 1195, 1215 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23755", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "slurred speech and mild cognitive slowing" ], "offsets": [ [ 1258, 1299 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23756", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "relapse of aggression" ], "offsets": [ [ 1454, 1475 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "23758", "type": "document", "text": [ "Safety and efficacy of irinotecan plus high-dose leucovorin and intravenous bolus 5-fluorouracil for metastatic colorectal cancer : pooled analysis of two consecutive southern Italy cooperative oncology group trials . BACKGROUND A biweekly regimen of irinotecan 200 mg/m2 on day 1 and levo-leucovorin ( LV ) 250 mg/m2 plus 5-fluorouracil ( 5-FU ) 850 mg/m2 via intravenous bolus on day 2 was assessed in 2 consecutive randomized trials in metastatic colorectal cancer ( CRC ) . PATIENTS AND METHODS Individual data of 254 patients were merged , and baseline features potentially affecting overall response rate ( ORR ) , progression-free survival ( PFS ) , overall survival ( OS ) , and occurrence of severe toxicity were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analyses . RESULTS In the pooled series , ORR was 33 % ( 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] , 27 % -39 % ) . Liver-only disease ( 47 % vs. 25 % ; P=0.0012 ) and absence of previous weight loss ( 38 % vs. 20 % ; P=0.0189 ) were significantly associated with a higher ORR on the multivariate analysis . Absence of weight loss ( hazard ratio , 1.40 ; 95 % CI , 1.02-1.93 ; P=0.0377 ) was significantly associated with a longer PFS ( 7.5 months vs. 6 months ) . Median OS was 15.1 months ( 95 % CI , 13.5-16.6 months ) . Primary surgery , good performance status ( PS ) , only one metastatic site , and oxaliplatin-based second-line treatment independently predicted a longer OS . Grade 4 neutropenia was significantly associated with a PS > or=1 , whereas risk of grade > or=3 diarrhea was directly related to age and previous weight loss . CONCLUSION Patients with no weight loss and/or preserved PS and with a limited disease extent appeared to obtain the greatest benefit from our irinotecan/5-FU/LV regimen , with acceptable toxicity . Notably , the regimen was effective and well tolerated by elderly patients . This regimen may represent the rationale for assessing the addition of novel antiangiogenic drugs to the treatment of metastatic CRC ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2007 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "23759", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "irinotecan plus high-dose leucovorin" ], "offsets": [ [ 23, 59 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23760", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "5-fluorouracil" ], "offsets": [ [ 82, 96 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23761", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "irinotecan" ], "offsets": [ [ 23, 33 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23762", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "levo-leucovorin ( LV )" ], "offsets": [ [ 285, 307 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23763", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "5-fluorouracil ( 5-FU )" ], "offsets": [ [ 323, 346 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23764", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "irinotecan/5-FU/LV" ], "offsets": [ [ 1740, 1758 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23765", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Safety" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 6 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23766", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 11, 19 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23767", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "overall response rate ( ORR )" ], "offsets": [ [ 589, 618 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23768", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "progression-free survival ( PFS )" ], "offsets": [ [ 621, 654 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23769", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "overall survival ( OS )" ], "offsets": [ [ 657, 680 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23770", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "occurrence of severe toxicity" ], "offsets": [ [ 687, 716 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23771", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "ORR" ], "offsets": [ [ 613, 616 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23772", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "weight loss" ], "offsets": [ [ 940, 951 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23773", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "Median OS" ], "offsets": [ [ 1217, 1226 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23774", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "longer OS" ], "offsets": [ [ 1424, 1433 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23775", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Grade 4 neutropenia" ], "offsets": [ [ 1436, 1455 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23776", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "diarrhea" ], "offsets": [ [ 1533, 1541 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23777", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "metastatic colorectal cancer :" ], "offsets": [ [ 101, 131 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23778", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "southern Italy cooperative oncology group trials ." ], "offsets": [ [ 167, 217 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23779", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "metastatic colorectal cancer ( CRC ) ." ], "offsets": [ [ 439, 477 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23780", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "elderly patients ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1854, 1872 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "23782", "type": "document", "text": [ "Pulse versus continuous terbinafine for onychomycosis : a randomized , double-blind , controlled trial . BACKGROUND Effective treatments for onychomycosis are expensive . Previous studies suggest that less costly , pulsed doses of antifungal medications may be as effective as standard , continuous doses . Terbinafine is the current treatment of choice for toenail onychomycosis . OBJECTIVE Our purpose was to determine whether pulse-dose terbinafine is as effective as standard continuous-dose terbinafine for treatment of toenail onychomycosis . METHODS We conducted a double-blind , randomized , noninferiority , clinical intervention trial in the Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Medical Center . The main inclusion criteria for participants were a positive dermatophyte culture and at least 25 % distal subungual clinical involvement . Six hundred eighteen volunteers were screened ; 306 were randomized . Terbinafine , 250 mg daily for 3 months ( continuous ) or terbinafine , 500 mg daily for 1 week per month for 3 months ( pulse ) was administered . The primary outcome measure was mycological cure of the target toenail at 18 months . Secondary outcome measures included clinical cure and complete ( clinical plus mycological ) cure of the target toenail and complete cure of all 10 toenails . RESULTS Results of an intent-to-treat analysis did not meet the prespecified criterion for noninferiority but did demonstrate the superiority of continuous-dose terbinafine for : mycological cure of the target toenail ( 70.9 % [ 105/148 ] vs 58.7 % [ 84/143 ] ; P =.03 , relative risk [ RR ] of 1.21 [ 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) , 1.02-1.43 ] ) ; clinical cure of the target toenail ( 44.6 % [ 66/148 ] vs 29.3 % [ 42/143 ] ; P =.007 , RR =1.52 [ 95 % CI , 1.11-2.07 ) ; complete cure of the target toenail ( 40.5 % [ 60/148 ] vs 28.0 % [ 40/143 ] ; P =.02 , RR=1.45 [ 95 % CI , 1.04-2.01 ) ; and complete cure of all 10 toenails ( 25.2 % [ 36/143 ] vs 14.7 % [ 21/143 ] ; P =.03 , RR =1.71 [ 95 % CI , 1.05-2.79 ) . Tolerability of the regimens did not differ significantly between the groups ( chi2 =1.63 ; P =.65 ) . LIMITATIONS The study population primarily consisted of older men with severe onychomycosis . CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated the superiority of continuous- over pulse-dose terbinafine . We also found this expensive therapy to be much less effective than previously believed , particularly for achieving complete cure of all 10 toenails ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2468 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "23783", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Pulse" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 5 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23784", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "continuous terbinafine" ], "offsets": [ [ 13, 35 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23785", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "antifungal medications" ], "offsets": [ [ 231, 253 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23786", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pulse-dose terbinafine" ], "offsets": [ [ 429, 451 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23787", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "standard continuous-dose terbinafine" ], "offsets": [ [ 471, 507 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23788", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Terbinafine" ], "offsets": [ [ 307, 318 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23789", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "terbinafine" ], "offsets": [ [ 24, 35 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23790", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "continuous-dose terbinafine" ], "offsets": [ [ 480, 507 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23791", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pulse-dose terbinafine" ], "offsets": [ [ 429, 451 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23792", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "mycological cure" ], "offsets": [ [ 1088, 1104 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23793", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "of the target toenail at 18 months" ], "offsets": [ [ 1105, 1139 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23794", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "clinical cure and complete ( clinical plus mycological ) cure of the target toenail" ], "offsets": [ [ 1178, 1261 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23795", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "complete cure of all 10 toenails" ], "offsets": [ [ 1266, 1298 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23796", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "mycological cure" ], "offsets": [ [ 1088, 1104 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23797", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "clinical cure" ], "offsets": [ [ 1178, 1191 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23798", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "complete cure" ], "offsets": [ [ 1266, 1279 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23799", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "complete cure" ], "offsets": [ [ 1266, 1279 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23800", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "Tolerability" ], "offsets": [ [ 2023, 2035 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23801", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "onychomycosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 40, 53 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23802", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "positive dermatophyte culture and at least 25 % distal subungual clinical involvement" ], "offsets": [ [ 750, 835 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23803", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Six hundred eighteen" ], "offsets": [ [ 838, 858 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23804", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "306" ], "offsets": [ [ 886, 889 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23805", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "of older" ], "offsets": [ [ 2179, 2187 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23806", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "men" ], "offsets": [ [ 131, 134 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23807", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "severe onychomycosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 2197, 2217 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "23809", "type": "document", "text": [ "Family education for people with schizophrenia in Beijing , China : randomised controlled trial . BACKGROUND Much of China lacks well-developed services for people with schizophrenia and their families , and most of the existing services focus on hospitals . There is a need for culturally sensitive family treatments offered by nurses . AIMS To conduct a longitudinal experimental study examining the effect of patient and family education in a sample of Chinese people with schizophrenia . METHOD A randomised controlled trial was conducted in a large hospital with a was conducted in a large hospital with a sample of 101 patients with schizophrenia and their families . Data were collected at admission and at discharge , and then at 3 and 9 months after discharge . The intervention group received family education , and data on their knowledge about schizophrenia , symptoms , functioning , psychosocial behaviour , relapse and medication adherence were collected and compared with the control group . RESULTS There was a significant improvement in knowledge about schizophrenia in the experimental group and a significant difference in symptom scores and functioning at 9 months after discharge . Patients who were nonadherent to medication regimens were more likely to relapse . CONCLUSIONS Family education on schizophrenia by nurses in China was effective in improving knowledge and promoting improvement in patients ' symptoms ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1439 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "23810", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "Family education" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 16 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23811", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "family treatments" ], "offsets": [ [ 300, 317 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23812", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "patient and family education" ], "offsets": [ [ 412, 440 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23813", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "family education" ], "offsets": [ [ 424, 440 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23814", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "control" ], "offsets": [ [ 79, 86 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23815", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "Family education" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 16 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23816", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "knowledge about schizophrenia , symptoms , functioning , psychosocial behaviour , relapse and medication adherence" ], "offsets": [ [ 840, 954 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23817", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "significant improvement in knowledge about schizophrenia" ], "offsets": [ [ 1028, 1084 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23818", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "significant difference in" ], "offsets": [ [ 1117, 1142 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23819", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "symptom scores and functioning" ], "offsets": [ [ 1143, 1173 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23820", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "relapse ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1277, 1286 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23821", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "people with schizophrenia" ], "offsets": [ [ 21, 46 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23822", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "schizophrenia" ], "offsets": [ [ 33, 46 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23823", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "schizophrenia" ], "offsets": [ [ 33, 46 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23824", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "101 patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 621, 633 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23825", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "schizophrenia" ], "offsets": [ [ 33, 46 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "23827", "type": "document", "text": [ "Addition of fexofenadine to inhaled corticosteroid therapy to reduce inflammatory biomarkers in atopic asthma . BACKGROUND We previously showed that H1-antihistamines may shift the PC20 ( provocation concentration that caused a decrease in forced expiratory volume in 1 second of 20 % ) threshold to adenosine monophosphate ( AMP ) challenge but may paradoxically prolong recovery . OBJECTIVES To measure AMP recovery using a constant predetermined AMP PC20 and to evaluate whether fexofenadine use confers add-on effects to treatment with either fluticasone propionate alone or combined fluticasone propionate-salmeterol . METHODS Fourteen atopic patients with mild-to-moderate asthma ( forced expiratory volume in 1 second of 76 % ) completed a double-blind , randomized , crossover study consisting of 3-week treatment blocks of either fluticasone propionate-salmeterol , 250 microg twice daily , or fluticasone propionate alone , 250 microg twice daily , in conjunction with either fexofenadine , 180 mg once daily , or matched placebo . Recovery after a predetermined AMP PC20 challenge was measured ( primary outcome ) , along with exhaled nitric oxide levels , plasma eosinophil cationic protein levels , peripheral eosinophil counts , pulmonary function , diary card outcomes , and quality of life ( all secondary outcomes ) . RESULTS There were no differences in any of the primary or secondary outcomes when fexofenadine was added to treatment with either fluticasone propionate-salmeterol or fluticasone propionate alone . The mean AMP recovery time was 25.0 vs 23.4 minutes for fexofenadine and placebo , respectively , as add-on to fluticasone-salmeterol and 22.5 vs 23.9 minutes , respectively , as add-on to fluticasone alone . CONCLUSION Fexofenadine did not affect recovery to a fixed dose of AMP challenge or any other surrogate inflammatory markers when given as add-on therapy to corticosteroid-treatedatopic asthmatic patients ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1949 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "23828", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "fexofenadine" ], "offsets": [ [ 12, 24 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23829", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "inhaled corticosteroid therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 28, 58 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23830", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "fexofenadine" ], "offsets": [ [ 12, 24 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23831", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "fluticasone propionate" ], "offsets": [ [ 547, 569 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23832", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "combined fluticasone propionate-salmeterol" ], "offsets": [ [ 579, 621 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23833", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "fluticasone propionate-salmeterol" ], "offsets": [ [ 588, 621 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23834", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "fluticasone propionate alone" ], "offsets": [ [ 547, 575 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23835", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "fexofenadine" ], "offsets": [ [ 12, 24 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23836", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 1032, 1039 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23837", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "fexofenadine" ], "offsets": [ [ 12, 24 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23838", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "fluticasone propionate-salmeterol" ], "offsets": [ [ 588, 621 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23839", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "fluticasone propionate" ], "offsets": [ [ 547, 569 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23840", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "fexofenadine" ], "offsets": [ [ 12, 24 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23841", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 1032, 1039 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23842", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "fluticasone-salmeterol" ], "offsets": [ [ 1645, 1667 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23843", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "fluticasone" ], "offsets": [ [ 547, 558 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23844", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Fexofenadine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1754, 1766 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23845", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "inflammatory biomarkers" ], "offsets": [ [ 69, 92 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23846", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Recovery" ], "offsets": [ [ 1042, 1050 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23847", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "predetermined AMP PC20 challenge" ], "offsets": [ [ 1059, 1091 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23848", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "exhaled nitric oxide levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 1138, 1165 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23849", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "plasma eosinophil cationic protein levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 1168, 1209 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23850", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "peripheral eosinophil counts" ], "offsets": [ [ 1212, 1240 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23851", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "pulmonary function" ], "offsets": [ [ 1243, 1261 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23852", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "diary card outcomes" ], "offsets": [ [ 1264, 1283 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23853", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "quality of life" ], "offsets": [ [ 1290, 1305 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23854", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "inflammatory biomarkers in atopic asthma ." ], "offsets": [ [ 69, 111 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23855", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Fourteen atopic patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 632, 656 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23856", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "corticosteroid-treatedatopic asthmatic patients ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1900, 1949 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "23858", "type": "document", "text": [ "[ Study on classification and treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis ] . OBJECTIVE To determine the clinical manifestations of vulvovaginal candidiasis ( VVC ) and to study the mycologic eradication rate of different miconazole treatment courses for VVC . METHODS Three hundred cases of VVC were recruited . The Candidas were cultured . A prospective and randomized study was performed to compare the treatment effect of 3 day miconazole ( 400 mg/d ) , 6 day miconazole ( 400 mg/d ) , and 7 day miconazole ( 200 mg/d ) for uncomplicated and complicated VVC . RESULTS Among 300 cases of VVC , uncomplicated , complicated and recurrent VVC were 56.0 % , 44.0 % and 9.7 % ( 29/300 ) respectively . C. albicans was isolated most frequently 90.3 % ( 271/300 ) , followed by C. glabrata ( 7.3 % ) , C. tropicalis ( 1.3 % ) , C. krusei ( 0.7 % ) , and C. parapsilosis ( 0.3 % ) . Mycologic eradication rate of 3 day , 6 day and 7 day miconazole courses for uncomplicated VVC at day 14 was 96.0 % , 93.5 % and 98.0 % , respectively ( P > 0.05 ) . Eradication rate of 3 day , 6 day and 7 day miconazole courses for complicated VVC at day 14 was 86.7 % , 92.5 % , and 86.4 % , respectively ( P > 0.05 ) . Eradication rate of 3 day , 6 day and 7 day miconazole courses for uncomplicated VVC at day 35 was 93.8 % , 95.3 % , and 89.8 % , respectively ( P > 0.05 ) . Eradication rate of 3 day , 6 day and 7 day miconazole courses for complicated VVC at day 35 was 89.7 % , 97.3 % and 86.8 % , respectively ( P > 0.05 ) . CONCLUSION Treatment of VVC should be individualized , and women with complicated VVC achieve superior mycologic eradication by a 6 day miconazole course ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1661 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "23859", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "miconazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 216, 226 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23860", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "3 day miconazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 420, 436 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23861", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "6 day miconazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 452, 468 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23862", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "7 day miconazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 488, 504 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23863", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "miconazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 216, 226 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23864", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "miconazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 216, 226 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23865", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "miconazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 216, 226 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23866", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "miconazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 216, 226 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23867", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "miconazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 216, 226 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23868", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "mycologic eradication rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 176, 202 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23869", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Mycologic eradication rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 872, 898 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23870", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Eradication rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 1038, 1054 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23871", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Eradication rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 1038, 1054 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23872", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Eradication rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 1038, 1054 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23873", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "mycologic eradication" ], "offsets": [ [ 176, 197 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23874", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "vulvovaginal candidiasis" ], "offsets": [ [ 43, 67 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23875", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "vulvovaginal candidiasis ( VVC )" ], "offsets": [ [ 126, 158 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23876", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Three hundred" ], "offsets": [ [ 263, 276 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23877", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "VVC" ], "offsets": [ [ 153, 156 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23878", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "300" ], "offsets": [ [ 572, 575 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23879", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 1565, 1570 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23880", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "VVC" ], "offsets": [ [ 153, 156 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "23882", "type": "document", "text": [ "Treatment of anal fissures using a combination of minoxidil and lignocaine : a randomized , double-blind trial . AIM Anal fissures are associated with hypertonia of the internal anal sphincter and pain . We evaluated the efficacy of local application of a combination of minoxidil and lignocaine in healing anal fissures . METHODS In this prospective , randomized , double-blind study , 90 patients with anal fissure were recruited . Patients received local applications of ointments containing 5 % lignocaine ( n=28 ) , 0.5 % minoxidil ( n=36 ) , or both ( n=26 ) . Healing of anal fissure at 6 weeks was used as the primary end-point . RESULTS Rates of complete healing of fissure were similar in the three groups ( lignocaine alone 8/27 , minoxidil alone 10/34 , combination 7/22 ; p=ns ) . Mean ( SD ) time taken for complete healing with combination treatment [ 1.9 ( 0.6 ) weeks ] was significantly shorter than that with minoxidil alone ( 3.1 [ 1.7 ] weeks ; p=0.001 ) or with lignocaine alone ( 3.3 [ 0.8 ] weeks ; p=0.002 ) . Rates of pain relief were similar in the three groups . Stoppage of bleeding occurred more often with combination treatment than with lignocaine alone . No patient had systemic or local side effects . CONCLUSION Combination treatment with minoxidil and lignocaine helps in faster healing of anal fissures and provides better symptomatic relief than either drug alone ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1403 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "23883", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "minoxidil" ], "offsets": [ [ 50, 59 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23884", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "lignocaine :" ], "offsets": [ [ 64, 76 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23885", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "minoxidil" ], "offsets": [ [ 50, 59 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23886", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "lignocaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 64, 74 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23887", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "local applications of ointments containing 5 % lignocaine ( n=28 ) , 0.5 % minoxidil" ], "offsets": [ [ 452, 536 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23888", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "both" ], "offsets": [ [ 551, 555 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23889", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "lignocaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 64, 74 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23890", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "minoxidil" ], "offsets": [ [ 50, 59 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23891", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "minoxidil" ], "offsets": [ [ 50, 59 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23892", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "lignocaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 64, 74 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23893", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "lignocaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 64, 74 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23894", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "minoxidil" ], "offsets": [ [ 50, 59 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23895", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "lignocaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 64, 74 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23896", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Healing of anal fissure" ], "offsets": [ [ 567, 590 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23897", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Rates of complete healing of fissure" ], "offsets": [ [ 646, 682 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23898", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Mean ( SD ) time taken for complete healing with combination treatment" ], "offsets": [ [ 794, 864 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23899", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Rates of" ], "offsets": [ [ 646, 654 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23900", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "pain relief" ], "offsets": [ [ 1044, 1055 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23901", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Stoppage of bleeding" ], "offsets": [ [ 1091, 1111 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23902", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "systemic or local side effects" ], "offsets": [ [ 1203, 1233 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23903", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "90" ], "offsets": [ [ 387, 389 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23904", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "anal fissure" ], "offsets": [ [ 13, 25 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "23906", "type": "document", "text": [ "Single-use plaque removal efficacy of three power toothbrushes . OBJECTIVES To compare the safety and plaque removal efficacy of two oscillating/rotating/pulsating toothbrushes ( Oral-B ProfessionalCare 7000 [ PC 7000 ] and Oral-B 3D Excel [ 3DE ] ) and a high-frequency toothbrush ( Sonicare Advance , Philips Oral Healthcare ; SA ) in a single-use , examiner-blind , three period crossover study . METHODS After refraining from all oral hygiene procedures for 23-25 hours , subjects received an oral tissue examination and those with pre-brushing whole mouth mean plaque scores > or = 0.6 based on the Rustogi et al . Modified Navy Plaque Index were randomly assigned to treatment sequence . After brushing with the assigned toothbrush and a commercially available dentifrice for 2 minutes , oral tissues were then re-examined and post-brushing plaque scores recorded . Following a brief washout period between two additional visits , the above procedures were repeated with the two alternate toothbrushes . One examiner , blinded to the treatment sequence , performed all clinical measurements . RESULTS A total of 79 subjects ( 28 males and 51 females ) were enrolled and completed the study . Each toothbrush was found to be safe and significantly reduced plaque levels after a single brushing . The PC 7000 and 3DE were equally more effective in plaque removal than the SA , at all tooth areas , reducing plaque by 59.0 % , 59.7 % and 51.8 % , respectively on whole mouth surfaces , and by 67.5 % , 67.8 % and 59.4 % , respectively on approximal surfaces . CONCLUSIONS The action of the oscillating/rotating/pulsating toothbrushes ( Oral-B ProfessionalCare 7000 and Oral-B 3D Excel ) was more effective in plaque removal than the high-frequency toothbrush ( Sonicare Advance ) ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1784 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "23907", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "power toothbrushes" ], "offsets": [ [ 44, 62 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23908", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "two oscillating/rotating/pulsating toothbrushes" ], "offsets": [ [ 129, 176 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23909", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "Oral-B ProfessionalCare 7000 [ PC 7000" ], "offsets": [ [ 179, 217 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23910", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "Oral-B 3D Excel [ 3DE" ], "offsets": [ [ 224, 245 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23911", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 26, 34 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23912", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "safety" ], "offsets": [ [ 91, 97 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23913", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "plaque removal efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 11, 34 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23914", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "oral tissues were then re-examined and post-brushing plaque scores recorded" ], "offsets": [ [ 794, 869 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23915", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "safe" ], "offsets": [ [ 91, 95 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23916", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "plaque levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 1261, 1274 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23917", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "plaque" ], "offsets": [ [ 11, 17 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23918", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "79" ], "offsets": [ [ 1118, 1120 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23919", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "28" ], "offsets": [ [ 1132, 1134 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23920", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "males" ], "offsets": [ [ 1135, 1140 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23921", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "51" ], "offsets": [ [ 1145, 1147 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23922", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "females" ], "offsets": [ [ 1148, 1155 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "23924", "type": "document", "text": [ "Intensive behavioral treatment for children with autism : four-year outcome and predictors . Twenty-four children with autism were randomly assigned to a clinic-directed group , replicating the parameters of the early intensive behavioral treatment developed at UCLA , or to a parent-directed group that received intensive hours but less supervision by equally well-trained supervisors . Outcome after 4 years of treatment , including cognitive , language , adaptive , social , and academic measures , was similar for both groups . After combining groups , we found that 48 % of all children showed rapid learning , achieved average posttreatment scores , and at age 7 , were succeeding in regular education classrooms . Treatment outcome was best predicted by pretreatment imitation , language , and social responsiveness . These results are consistent with those reported by Lovaas and colleagues ( Lovaas , 1987 ; McEachin , Smith , & Lovaas , 1993 ) ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 955 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "23925", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "Intensive behavioral treatment" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 30 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23926", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "clinic-directed group" ], "offsets": [ [ 154, 175 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23927", "type": "Intervention_Psychological", "text": [ "intensive behavioral treatment" ], "offsets": [ [ 218, 248 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23928", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "autism" ], "offsets": [ [ 49, 55 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23929", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "cognitive , language , adaptive , social , and academic measures" ], "offsets": [ [ 435, 499 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23930", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "rapid learning" ], "offsets": [ [ 599, 613 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23931", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "average posttreatment scores" ], "offsets": [ [ 625, 653 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23932", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "pretreatment imitation , language , and social responsiveness" ], "offsets": [ [ 761, 822 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23933", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "children with" ], "offsets": [ [ 35, 48 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23934", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "autism" ], "offsets": [ [ 49, 55 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23935", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Twenty-four" ], "offsets": [ [ 93, 104 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23936", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 35, 43 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23937", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "autism" ], "offsets": [ [ 49, 55 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "23939", "type": "document", "text": [ "Effects of glucose-insulin-potassium infusion on ST-elevation myocardial infarction in patients treated with thrombolytic therapy . The role of glucose-insulin-potassium ( GIK ) infusion in the management of acute myocardial infarction is not well established . This prospective , randomized study comprised 120 patients who had ST-elevation myocardial infarction that was treated within 12 hours from symptom onset with a high dose of GIK ( 25 % glucose , 50 IU of soluble insulin per liter , and 80 mmol of potassium chloride per liter at 1 ml/kg/hour over 24 hours ) as adjunct to thrombolytic therapy ( 1.5 MU of streptokinase/30 to 60 minutes ; GIK group ) or thrombolytic therapy alone ( control group ) . The primary end point of the study was the rate of major adverse cardiac events ( MACEs ) at 1 month , defined as a composite of cardiac death , reinfarction , serious arrhythmias ( ventricular fibrillation and/or tachycardia ) , and severe heart failure . The secondary end points were the rate of MACEs at 1 year and improvement in left ventricular systolic function . The incidence of MACEs at 1 month was significantly lower in the GIK group ( 10 % vs 32.5 % , relative risk 0.24 , 95 % confidence interval 0.09 to 0.63 , p = 0.0043 ) . Patients in the GIK group had significant decreases in ventricular tachycardia and/or fibrillation ( 1.3 % vs 15.0 % , p = 0.003 ) and severe heart failure ( 3 % vs 12.5 % , p = 0.031 ) . The rate of MACEs at 1 year was also significantly lower in the GIK group ( 13 % vs 40.0 % , relative risk 0.22 , 95 % confidence interval 0.09 to 0.55 , p = 0.0012 ) . After 1 year , there was a significant improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction in the GIK group ( from 48 +/- 8 % to 51 +/- 10 % , p < 0.01 ) , which was not observed in the control group . In conclusion , high-dose GIK , used as an adjunct to thrombolytic therapy , was safe and improved clinical outcome at 1 month . The beneficial effect of GIK infusion was maintained up to 1 year ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2006 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "23940", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "glucose-insulin-potassium infusion" ], "offsets": [ [ 11, 45 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23941", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "glucose-insulin-potassium ( GIK ) infusion" ], "offsets": [ [ 144, 186 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23942", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "GIK ( 25 % glucose , 50 IU of soluble insulin per liter , and 80 mmol of potassium chloride per liter at 1 ml/kg/hour over 24 hours ) as adjunct to thrombolytic therapy ( 1.5 MU of streptokinase/30 to 60 minutes ; GIK group" ], "offsets": [ [ 436, 659 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23943", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "thrombolytic therapy alone ( control group ) ." ], "offsets": [ [ 665, 711 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23944", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "GIK group" ], "offsets": [ [ 650, 659 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23945", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "GIK" ], "offsets": [ [ 172, 175 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23946", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "GIK group" ], "offsets": [ [ 650, 659 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23947", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "GIK group" ], "offsets": [ [ 650, 659 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23948", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "control" ], "offsets": [ [ 694, 701 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23949", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "GIK" ], "offsets": [ [ 172, 175 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23950", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "GIK" ], "offsets": [ [ 172, 175 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23951", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "ST-elevation myocardial infarction" ], "offsets": [ [ 49, 83 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23952", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "acute myocardial infarction" ], "offsets": [ [ 208, 235 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23953", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "rate of major adverse cardiac events ( MACEs ) at 1 month" ], "offsets": [ [ 755, 812 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23954", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "a composite of cardiac death , reinfarction , serious arrhythmias ( ventricular fibrillation and/or tachycardia ) , and severe heart failure" ], "offsets": [ [ 826, 966 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23955", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "rate of MACEs at 1 year" ], "offsets": [ [ 1003, 1026 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23956", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "left ventricular systolic function" ], "offsets": [ [ 1046, 1080 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23957", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "incidence of MACEs at 1 month" ], "offsets": [ [ 1087, 1116 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23958", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "ventricular tachycardia and/or fibrillation" ], "offsets": [ [ 1308, 1351 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23959", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "heart failure" ], "offsets": [ [ 953, 966 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23960", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "rate of MACEs at 1 year" ], "offsets": [ [ 1003, 1026 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23961", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "left ventricular ejection fraction" ], "offsets": [ [ 1664, 1698 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23962", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "safe" ], "offsets": [ [ 1891, 1895 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23963", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "clinical outcome" ], "offsets": [ [ 1909, 1925 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23964", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "ST-elevation myocardial infarction" ], "offsets": [ [ 49, 83 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23965", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "ST-elevation myocardial infarction" ], "offsets": [ [ 49, 83 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "23967", "type": "document", "text": [ "Secondary prevention of macrovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes in the PROactive Study ( PROspective pioglitAzone Clinical Trial In macroVascular Events ) : a randomised controlled trial . BACKGROUND Patients with type 2 diabetes are at high risk of fatal and non-fatal myocardial infarction and stroke . There is indirect evidence that agonists of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ( PPAR gamma ) could reduce macrovascular complications . Our aim , therefore , was to ascertain whether pioglitazone reduces macrovascular morbidity and mortality in high-risk patients with type 2 diabetes . METHODS We did a prospective , randomised controlled trial in 5238 patients with type 2 diabetes who had evidence of macrovascular disease . We recruited patients from primary-care practices and hospitals . We assigned patients to oral pioglitazone titrated from 15 mg to 45 mg ( n=2605 ) or matching placebo ( n=2633 ) , to be taken in addition to their glucose-lowering drugs and other medications . Our primary endpoint was the composite of all-cause mortality , non fatal myocardial infarction ( including silent myocardial infarction ) , stroke , acute coronary syndrome , endovascular or surgical intervention in the coronary or leg arteries , and amputation above the ankle . Analysis was by intention to treat . This study is registered as an International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial , number ISRCTN NCT00174993 . FINDINGS Two patients were lost to follow-up , but were included in analyses . The average time of observation was 34.5 months . 514 of 2605 patients in the pioglitazone group and 572 of 2633 patients in the placebo group had at least one event in the primary composite endpoint ( HR 0.90 , 95 % CI 0.80-1.02 , p=0.095 ) . The main secondary endpoint was the composite of all-cause mortality , non-fatal myocardial infarction , and stroke . 301 patients in the pioglitazone group and 358 in the placebo group reached this endpoint ( 0.84 , 0.72-0.98 , p=0.027 ) . Overall safety and tolerability was good with no change in the safety profile of pioglitazone identified . 6 % ( 149 of 2065 ) and 4 % ( 108 of 2633 ) of those in the pioglitazone and placebo groups , respectively , were admitted to hospital with heart failure ; mortality rates from heart failure did not differ between groups . INTERPRETATION Pioglitazone reduces the composite of all-cause mortality , non-fatal myocardial infarction , and stroke in patients with type 2 diabetes who have a high risk of macrovascular events ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2546 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "23968", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pioglitazone" ], "offsets": [ [ 517, 529 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23969", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "oral pioglitazone titrated from 15 mg to 45 mg" ], "offsets": [ [ 852, 898 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23970", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "matching placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 913, 929 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23971", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "glucose-lowering drugs" ], "offsets": [ [ 976, 998 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23972", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "macrovascular events" ], "offsets": [ [ 24, 44 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23973", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "myocardial infarction" ], "offsets": [ [ 284, 305 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23974", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "stroke" ], "offsets": [ [ 310, 316 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23975", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "macrovascular complications" ], "offsets": [ [ 440, 467 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23976", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "macrovascular morbidity" ], "offsets": [ [ 538, 561 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23977", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "mortality" ], "offsets": [ [ 566, 575 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23978", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "macrovascular disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 738, 759 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23979", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "composite of all-cause mortality" ], "offsets": [ [ 1052, 1084 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23980", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "non fatal myocardial infarction" ], "offsets": [ [ 1087, 1118 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23981", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "silent myocardial infarction" ], "offsets": [ [ 1131, 1159 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23982", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "stroke" ], "offsets": [ [ 310, 316 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23983", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "acute coronary syndrome" ], "offsets": [ [ 1173, 1196 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23984", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "endovascular or surgical intervention in the coronary or leg arteries" ], "offsets": [ [ 1199, 1268 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23985", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "amputation above the ankle" ], "offsets": [ [ 1275, 1301 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23986", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "primary composite endpoint" ], "offsets": [ [ 1705, 1731 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23987", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "composite of all-cause mortality" ], "offsets": [ [ 1052, 1084 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23988", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ ", non-fatal myocardial infarction , and stroke" ], "offsets": [ [ 1845, 1891 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23989", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "endpoint" ], "offsets": [ [ 1035, 1043 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23990", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Overall safety" ], "offsets": [ [ 2017, 2031 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23991", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "tolerability" ], "offsets": [ [ 2036, 2048 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23992", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "safety" ], "offsets": [ [ 2025, 2031 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23993", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "heart failure" ], "offsets": [ [ 2264, 2277 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23994", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "mortality rates from heart failure" ], "offsets": [ [ 2280, 2314 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23995", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "mortality" ], "offsets": [ [ 566, 575 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23996", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "non-fatal myocardial infarction" ], "offsets": [ [ 274, 305 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23997", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "stroke" ], "offsets": [ [ 310, 316 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23998", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "type 2 diabetes" ], "offsets": [ [ 62, 77 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "23999", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "type 2 diabetes" ], "offsets": [ [ 62, 77 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24000", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "type 2 diabetes" ], "offsets": [ [ 62, 77 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24001", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "5238" ], "offsets": [ [ 683, 687 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24002", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "type 2 diabetes" ], "offsets": [ [ 62, 77 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24003", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "macrovascular disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 738, 759 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24004", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "514" ], "offsets": [ [ 1582, 1585 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24005", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "2605" ], "offsets": [ [ 903, 907 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24006", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "type 2 diabetes" ], "offsets": [ [ 62, 77 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24007", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "macrovascular events" ], "offsets": [ [ 24, 44 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "24009", "type": "document", "text": [ "Antipyretic efficacy of ibuprofen vs acetaminophen . OBJECTIVE To compare the antipyretic efficacy of ibuprofen , placebo , and acetaminophen . DESIGN Double-dummy , double-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled trial . SETTING Emergency department and inpatient units of a large , metropolitan , university-based , children 's hospital in Michigan . PARTICIPANTS 37 otherwise healthy children aged 2 to 12 years with acute , intercurrent , febrile illness . INTERVENTIONS Each child was randomly assigned to receive a single dose of acetaminophen ( 10 mg/kg ) , ibuprofen ( 7.5 or 10 mg/kg ) , or placebo . MEASUREMENTS/MAIN RESULTS Oral temperature was measured before dosing , 30 minutes after dosing , and hourly thereafter for 8 hours after the dose . Patients were monitored for adverse effects during the study and 24 hours after administration of the assigned drug . All three active treatments produced significant antipyresis compared with placebo . Ibuprofen provided greater temperature decrement and longer duration of antipyresis than acetaminophen when the two drugs were administered in approximately equal doses . No adverse effects were observed in any treatment group . CONCLUSION Ibuprofen is a potent antipyretic agent and is a safe alternative for the selected febrile child who may benefit from antipyretic medication but who either can not take or does not achieve satisfactory antipyresis with acetaminophen ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1435 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "24010", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ibuprofen" ], "offsets": [ [ 24, 33 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24011", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "acetaminophen" ], "offsets": [ [ 37, 50 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24012", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ibuprofen , placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 102, 121 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24013", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "acetaminophen" ], "offsets": [ [ 37, 50 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24014", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo-controlled" ], "offsets": [ [ 194, 212 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24015", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "acetaminophen" ], "offsets": [ [ 37, 50 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24016", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ibuprofen" ], "offsets": [ [ 24, 33 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24017", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 114, 121 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24018", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 114, 121 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24019", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Ibuprofen" ], "offsets": [ [ 961, 970 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24020", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "acetaminophen" ], "offsets": [ [ 37, 50 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24021", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Ibuprofen" ], "offsets": [ [ 961, 970 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24022", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "acetaminophen" ], "offsets": [ [ 37, 50 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24023", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Antipyretic efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 20 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24024", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "antipyretic efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 78, 98 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24025", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Oral temperature" ], "offsets": [ [ 635, 651 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24026", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "adverse effects" ], "offsets": [ [ 786, 801 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24027", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "antipyresis" ], "offsets": [ [ 925, 936 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24028", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "temperature decrement" ], "offsets": [ [ 988, 1009 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24029", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "duration of antipyresis" ], "offsets": [ [ 1021, 1044 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24030", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "adverse effects" ], "offsets": [ [ 786, 801 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24031", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "antipyretic" ], "offsets": [ [ 78, 89 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24032", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "safe" ], "offsets": [ [ 1250, 1254 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24033", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "antipyresis" ], "offsets": [ [ 925, 936 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24034", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "metropolitan , university-based , children 's hospital in Michigan ." ], "offsets": [ [ 283, 351 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24035", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "37" ], "offsets": [ [ 365, 367 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24036", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "otherwise healthy" ], "offsets": [ [ 368, 385 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24037", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "children aged 2 to 12 years with" ], "offsets": [ [ 386, 418 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24038", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "acute , intercurrent , febrile illness" ], "offsets": [ [ 419, 457 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24039", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "." ], "offsets": [ [ 51, 52 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24040", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "child" ], "offsets": [ [ 317, 322 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "24042", "type": "document", "text": [ "Comparison of needlescopic appendectomy versus conventional laparoscopic appendectomy . A randomized controlled trial ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 119 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "24043", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "needlescopic appendectomy" ], "offsets": [ [ 14, 39 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24044", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "conventional laparoscopic appendectomy" ], "offsets": [ [ 47, 85 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24045", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "needlescopic appendectomy" ], "offsets": [ [ 14, 39 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24046", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "laparoscopic appendectomy ." ], "offsets": [ [ 60, 87 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "24048", "type": "document", "text": [ "Efficacy , tolerability and pharmacokinetics of two nelfinavir-based regimens in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children and adolescents : pediatric AIDS clinical trials group protocol 403 . INTRODUCTION Few combinations of highly active antiretrovirals have been studied in nucleoside reverse transcription inhibitor ( NRTI ) -experienced , human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) -infected children . We tested the efficacy , tolerability and pharmacokinetics of 2 combination therapies containing an NRTI , protease inhibitors +/- a nonnucleoside reverse transcription inhibitor ( NNRTI ) . METHODS This was a phase II , randomized , multicenter study . Forty-one children and youths between 5 months and 21 years with prior NRTI and no prior NNRTI or protease inhibitor experience received either nelfinavir ( NFV ) 30 mg/kg twice daily ( bid ) , ritonavir ( RTV ) 400 mg/m bid and buffered didanosine ( ddI ) 240 mg/m daily ( arm A ) or NFV 50-55 mg/kg bid , nevirapine ( NVP ) 120 mg/m bid and stavudine ( d4T ) 1 mg/kg bid ( arm B ) . Patients were evaluated clinically for 48 weeks after initiation of therapy . Intensive pharmacokinetic sampling occurred after 4 weeks of therapy . RESULTS : The proportion of children with HIV-1 RNA < or =400 copies/mL and on randomized treatment at 48 weeks was 65 % among children assigned NFV + RTV + ddI versus 28 % among those assigned NFV + NVP + d4T ( P = 0.039 ) . No significant difference in median CD4 % change from baseline to week 48 was found ( 3 % versus 1 % ) . No significant differences in safety or tolerability between children randomized to NFV + RTV + ddI versus NFV + NVP + d4T were identified . However , a trend toward a higher rate of permanent discontinuation of study treatment was noted among children assigned to NFV + NVP + d4T compared with NFV + RTV + ddI [ 7 of 20 ( 35 % ) versus 2 of 21 ( 10 % ) ; P = 0.12 ] . NFV pharmacokinetic measurements were not statistically different between the treatment groups , yet exposure to the NFV metabolite , M8 , was significantly higher in subjects receiving RTV . The pharmacokinetics for NVP , RTV and d4T were similar to those of previously reported data . CONCLUSION : Combination therapy containing NFV + RTV + ddI appears more efficacious in NRTI-experienced children than a regimen containing NFV + NVP + d4T . Differences in tolerability between the 2 treatment groups were not identified . Systemic exposure of these drugs was similar to that reported in other HIV-infected children and adults ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2526 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "24049", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "nelfinavir-based" ], "offsets": [ [ 52, 68 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24050", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "antiretrovirals" ], "offsets": [ [ 245, 260 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24051", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "NRTI , protease inhibitors +/- a nonnucleoside reverse transcription inhibitor ( NNRTI )" ], "offsets": [ [ 507, 595 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24052", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "nelfinavir ( NFV ) 30 mg/kg twice daily ( bid ) , ritonavir ( RTV ) 400 mg/m bid and buffered didanosine ( ddI ) 240 mg/m daily ( arm A )" ], "offsets": [ [ 805, 942 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24053", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "NFV 50-55 mg/kg bid , nevirapine ( NVP ) 120 mg/m bid and stavudine ( d4T ) 1 mg/kg bid ( arm B )" ], "offsets": [ [ 946, 1043 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24054", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "NFV" ], "offsets": [ [ 818, 821 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24055", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "RTV" ], "offsets": [ [ 867, 870 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24056", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ddI" ], "offsets": [ [ 912, 915 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24057", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "NFV" ], "offsets": [ [ 818, 821 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24058", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "NVP" ], "offsets": [ [ 981, 984 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24059", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "d4T" ], "offsets": [ [ 1016, 1019 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24060", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "NVP" ], "offsets": [ [ 981, 984 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24061", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "RTV" ], "offsets": [ [ 867, 870 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24062", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "d4T" ], "offsets": [ [ 1016, 1019 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24063", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Efficacy , tolerability and pharmacokinetics" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 44 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24064", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "median CD4 % change" ], "offsets": [ [ 1450, 1469 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24065", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "safety or tolerability" ], "offsets": [ [ 1556, 1578 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24066", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "permanent discontinuation of study treatment" ], "offsets": [ [ 1709, 1753 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24067", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "tolerability" ], "offsets": [ [ 11, 23 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "24069", "type": "document", "text": [ "Adhesion-prevention effects of fibrin sealants after laparoscopic myomectomy as determined by second-look laparoscopy : a prospective , randomized , controlled study . OBJECTIVE To examine the adhesion prevention effects of 2 types of fibrin sealant after laparoscopic myomectomy ( LM ) . STUDY DESIGN A prospective , randomized study ( Canadian Task Force I ) was conducted at a University-affiliated hospital . A total of 91 patients showing a minimal myoma > 5 cm , excluding pedunculated myomas , underwent LM alone : 32 patients in the control group , 29 in the fibrin gel group and 30 patients in the fibrin sheet group . After LM , postoperative adhesions were evaluated by second-look laparoscopy . The frequency of postoperative adhesions was the main outcome . RESULTS The frequency of postoperative adhesions of the uterus was significantly lower ( p < 0.05 ) in the fibrin gel group , with 20/32 ( 62.5 % ) in the control group , 10/29 ( 34.5 % ) in the fibrin gel group and 20/30 ( 67.7 % ) in the fibrin sheet group . Although no significant differences were found in the incidence of de novo adnexal adhesions , the lowest rate was found in the fibrin gel group , with 4/32 patients ( 12.5 % ) in the control group , 2/29 patients ( 6.8 % ) in the fibrin gel group and 5/30 patients ( 16.7 % ) in the fibrin sheet group . No bilateral adnexal adhesions were observed in the 3 groups . CONCLUSION After LM for myomas as large as > or = 5 cm , postoperative adhesions were observed in > or = 50 % of patients . The use of fibrin gel after LM is recommended ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1571 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "24070", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "fibrin sealants" ], "offsets": [ [ 31, 46 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24071", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "laparoscopic myomectomy" ], "offsets": [ [ 53, 76 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24072", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "fibrin sealant after laparoscopic myomectomy ( LM )" ], "offsets": [ [ 235, 286 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24073", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "LM" ], "offsets": [ [ 282, 284 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24074", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "fibrin gel" ], "offsets": [ [ 567, 577 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24075", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "fibrin sheet group" ], "offsets": [ [ 607, 625 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24076", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "postoperative adhesions" ], "offsets": [ [ 639, 662 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24077", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "fibrin gel" ], "offsets": [ [ 567, 577 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24078", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "fibrin gel" ], "offsets": [ [ 567, 577 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24079", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "fibrin sheet" ], "offsets": [ [ 607, 619 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24080", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "fibrin gel" ], "offsets": [ [ 567, 577 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24081", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "fibrin gel" ], "offsets": [ [ 567, 577 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24082", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "fibrin gel" ], "offsets": [ [ 567, 577 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24083", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Adhesion-prevention effects" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 27 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24084", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "adhesion prevention effects" ], "offsets": [ [ 193, 220 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24085", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "postoperative adhesions" ], "offsets": [ [ 639, 662 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24086", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "second-look laparoscopy" ], "offsets": [ [ 94, 117 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24087", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "frequency of postoperative adhesions" ], "offsets": [ [ 711, 747 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24088", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "frequency of postoperative adhesions of the uterus" ], "offsets": [ [ 783, 833 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24089", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "incidence of de novo adnexal adhesions" ], "offsets": [ [ 1086, 1124 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24090", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "No bilateral adnexal adhesions" ], "offsets": [ [ 1337, 1367 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24091", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "postoperative adhesions" ], "offsets": [ [ 639, 662 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "24093", "type": "document", "text": [ "A comparison of two double-injection techniques for peribulbar block analgesia : infero-temporal plus supero-medial vs. infero-temporal plus medial-percaruncular . BACKGROUND Combinations of infero-temporal and either supero-nasal ( 'inferior-superior ' ) or medial percaruncular ( 'inferior-medial ' ) injections are popular double-injection techniques for establishing peribulbar block analgesia . This study compared the efficacy of these two techniques in achieving ocular and lid akinesia . METHODS One hundred patients were randomized to receive inferior-superior or inferior-medial injections in a study in which injectate , injectate volumes , 5-min ocular akinesia scoring ( 0-8 ) , lid scoring ( 0-2 ) and supplemental injection protocols were standardized . The numbers of supplemental injections required at each observation period and the total volume of injectate required to produce ocular and lid akinesia were compared . RESULTS The two test groups were demographically similar . The inferior-medial combination achieved greater ocular akinesia than the inferior-superior combination 5 min after the initial injections ( mean score +/- standard deviation of 1.74 +/- 1.86 vs. 2.66 +/- 2.39 ; P < 0.05 ) , with a reduced requirement for supplementary injections ( 3 vs. 23 supplementary injections ; P < 0.025 ) . The inferior-superior technique achieved greater lid akinesia at 5 min than the inferior-medial technique ( mean score +/- standard deviation of 0.7 +/- 0.9 vs. 0.3 +/- 0.58 ; P < 0.005 ) . A medial subconjunctival hemorrhage occurred in one patient in the inferior-medial group . CONCLUSION Compared with the inferior-superior technique , the inferior-medial combination achieved more rapid ocular akinesia with less need for supplementation , but induced less efficient lid akinesia and had a propensity to cause iatrogenic subconjunctival hemorrhage . The latter complication is considered by our surgeons to be a contraindication to the inferior-medial technique in patients undergoing trabeculectomy ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2036 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "24094", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "infero-temporal plus supero-medial vs. infero-temporal plus medial-percaruncular ." ], "offsets": [ [ 81, 163 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24095", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "supero-nasal ( 'inferior-superior ' )" ], "offsets": [ [ 218, 255 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24096", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "medial percaruncular ( 'inferior-medial ' )" ], "offsets": [ [ 259, 302 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24097", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "inferior-superior" ], "offsets": [ [ 234, 251 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24098", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "inferior-medial injections" ], "offsets": [ [ 573, 599 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24099", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "ocular akinesia" ], "offsets": [ [ 658, 673 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24100", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "lid scoring" ], "offsets": [ [ 692, 703 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24101", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "ocular akinesia" ], "offsets": [ [ 658, 673 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24102", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "lid akinesia" ], "offsets": [ [ 481, 493 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24103", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "medial subconjunctival hemorrhage" ], "offsets": [ [ 1522, 1555 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24104", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "rapid ocular akinesia" ], "offsets": [ [ 1716, 1737 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24105", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "iatrogenic subconjunctival hemorrhage" ], "offsets": [ [ 1845, 1882 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24106", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "." ], "offsets": [ [ 118, 119 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24107", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "peribulbar block analgesia" ], "offsets": [ [ 52, 78 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24108", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "One hundred patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 504, 524 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24109", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "trabeculectomy" ], "offsets": [ [ 2020, 2034 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "24111", "type": "document", "text": [ "Clinical trials of intrasplenic arterial infusion of interleukin-2 ( IS-IL-2 ) to patients with advanced cancer . We tried a infusion of interleukin-2 ( IL-2 ) of a relatively low dose via an intrasplenic arterial catheter connected to a chronometric infusion ( IS-IL-2 ) . Eighteen patients of colorectal cancer with metastases to the liver or lung or of unresectable hepatoma received a 24 hour continuous infusion with low dose recombinant of IL-2 ( mainly 8 x 10 ( 5 ) JRU/day ) for 25-40 days . All patients tolerated this protocol of the therapy and the main toxic effects were fever and general fatigue . Such serious toxicity as previously reported by high dose IL-2 therapy was not observed . Data of hepatic and renal functions were normal . IS-IL-2 therapy induced a high incidence of eosinophilia ( 12/18 ) and thrombocythemia ( 12/18 ) . Peripheral natural killer ( NK ) and LAK activities were augmented in all patients and total white blood cell counts were increased during IS-IL-2 therapy . An increase in IL-2 receptor expression of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and significant rises in numbers of Leu11 ( CD16 ) + , OKM1 ( CD11 ) + and OKIa1 ( HLA-DR ) + were observed . Of 18 patients 12 were evaluable for their response to therapy . Partial response ( PR ) was observed in one unresectable hepatoma and 11 demonstrated no change ( NC ) or progressive disease ( PD ) . Six patients were not evaluable because of additional therapy ( 3 cases ) or decreasing tumor cell markers having no measurable lesions ( 3 cases ) . Three patients of colorectal cancer from an unresectable group were presumed to have micrometastases to the liver as suggested by an elevated serum CEA level . After receiving IS-IL-2 therapy they demonstrated a decrease in the serum CEA level for more than 3 years after treatment . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS )" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1865 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "24112", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "interleukin-2 ( IS-IL-2 )" ], "offsets": [ [ 53, 78 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24113", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "low dose recombinant of IL-2" ], "offsets": [ [ 422, 450 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24114", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "tolerated" ], "offsets": [ [ 513, 522 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24115", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "toxic effects" ], "offsets": [ [ 565, 578 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24116", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "fever" ], "offsets": [ [ 584, 589 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24117", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "general fatigue" ], "offsets": [ [ 594, 609 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24118", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "toxicity" ], "offsets": [ [ 625, 633 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24119", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "hepatic and renal functions" ], "offsets": [ [ 710, 737 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24120", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "eosinophilia" ], "offsets": [ [ 796, 808 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24121", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "( 12/18 )" ], "offsets": [ [ 809, 818 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24122", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "thrombocythemia" ], "offsets": [ [ 823, 838 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24123", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Peripheral natural killer ( NK ) and LAK activities" ], "offsets": [ [ 851, 902 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24124", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "total white blood cell counts" ], "offsets": [ [ 938, 967 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24125", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "IL-2 receptor expression of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and significant rises in numbers of Leu11 ( CD16 ) + , OKM1 ( CD11 ) + and OKIa1 ( HLA-DR ) +" ], "offsets": [ [ 1023, 1179 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24126", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "unresectable hepatoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 356, 377 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24127", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "no change ( NC ) or progressive disease ( PD )" ], "offsets": [ [ 1347, 1393 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24128", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "patients with advanced cancer ." ], "offsets": [ [ 82, 113 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24129", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Eighteen patients of colorectal cancer with metastases to the liver or lung or of unresectable hepatoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 274, 377 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24130", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Of 18 patients 12 were evaluable for their response to therapy ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1196, 1260 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "24132", "type": "document", "text": [ "Over time relationships between early adolescent and peer substance use . Peer and adolescent substance use are highly correlated , but this relationship is not fully understood . In particular , the relative contributions of selection and socialization to substance use progression have not been established . Students ( n=2453 ) in the seven middle schools in one school district were assessed at school at the beginning and end of the sixth , seventh , eighth grade and beginning of the 9th grade . Self-reported smoking and drinking and the number of substance using friends were assessed 5 times over 3 years . The relationship between peer and adolescent substance use were assessed in parallel processes as part of an autoregressive latent trajectory model . Substance use and the number of substance using friends increased in linear fashion from T1 to T5 . Initial substance use predicted an increase in the number of substance using friends over time , indicating an effect of selection , and the initial number of substance using friends predicted substance use progression , providing evidence of socialization . The magnitudes of these relationships were similar . Bivariate , lagged autoregressive analyses of the successive relationships from one assessment to the next showed consistent , significant associations from peer use to adolescent substance use . The association from adolescent to peer use was significant only from 7th to 8th grade . The findings provide evidence of reciprocal influences , but socialization was a more consistent influence than selection ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1586 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "24133", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "Self-reported" ], "offsets": [ [ 502, 515 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24134", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "relationship between peer and adolescent substance use were assessed in parallel processes as part of an autoregressive latent trajectory model ." ], "offsets": [ [ 620, 765 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24135", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "peer substance" ], "offsets": [ [ 53, 67 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24136", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "Self-reported smoking and drinking" ], "offsets": [ [ 502, 536 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24137", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "peer and adolescent substance use" ], "offsets": [ [ 641, 674 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24138", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "Substance use" ], "offsets": [ [ 766, 779 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24139", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "the number of substance" ], "offsets": [ [ 541, 564 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24140", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "number of substance using friends over time" ], "offsets": [ [ 917, 960 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24141", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "substance use" ], "offsets": [ [ 58, 71 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24142", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "peer use to adolescent substance use" ], "offsets": [ [ 1335, 1371 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24143", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "adolescent to peer use" ], "offsets": [ [ 1395, 1417 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24144", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Self-reported smoking and drinking and the number of substance using friends were assessed 5 times over 3 years ." ], "offsets": [ [ 502, 615 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "24146", "type": "document", "text": [ "Incidence of puberty in beef heifers fed high- or low-starch diets for different periods before breeding . Spring-born Hereford x Angus heifers ( n = 206 ) were used to determine effects of energy supplementation programs and amount of starch in the diet on incidence of puberty . In Exp . 1 , heifers ( 205 +/- 5 kg ; n = 68 ) grazing dormant native pasture were fed 0.9 kg/d ( as-fed basis ) of a 42 % CP supplement from November until February 14 . Heifers were stratified by weaning weight and allotted randomly to treatment before breeding ( May to July ) . Treatments were 1 ) 0.9 kg ( as-fed basis ) of a 42 % CP supplement/d and pasture ( control ) ; 2 ) a high-starch ( HS ) diet ( 73 % corn ; 53 % starch ) fed in a drylot for 60 d ( HS-60 ) ; 3 ) a HS diet fed in drylot for 30 d ( HS-30 ) ; or 4 ) a low-starch ( LS ) diet ( 49 % corn ; 37 % starch ) self-fed on pasture for 30 d ( LS-30 ) . The HS-60 and HS-30 heifers were limited-fed to gain 0.9 kg/d , and the LS-30 heifers had ad libitum access to the diet . High-starch-60 and LS-30 heifers were heavier ( P < 0.05 ) than control and HS-30 heifers at the beginning of the breeding season . Thirty-one , 25 , and 26 % more HS-60 heifers were pubertal ( P < 0.05 ) on May 1 compared with LS-30 , HS-30 , and control heifers , respectively . At puberty , HS-60 heifers were 24 and 22 d younger ( P < 0.05 ) than LS-30 and control heifers , and 31 kg lighter ( P < 0.01 ) than LS-30 heifers . In Exp . 2 , heifers grazed dormant pasture and were fed 0.9 kg ( as-fed basis ) of a 42 % CP supplement/d from weaning in October to late February ; then heifers were assigned randomly to treatments for 60 d before the breeding season . In two years , control heifers ( n = 46 ) grazed pasture and received 0.9 kg of SBM supplement/d ; LS ( n = 46 ) heifers were self-fed a distiller 's grain and soybean hull-based diet in drylot ; and HS heifers ( n = 46 ) were limited-fed a corn-based diet in drylot . During treatment , HS and LS heifers had greater weight gains than control heifers . Pubertal BW ( 313 +/- 6 kg ) was not influenced by treatment , but HS and LS heifers were younger ( P < 0.03 ) than control heifers at puberty . During a 60-d breeding period , the incidence of puberty was greater ( P < 0.05 ) for HS and LS heifers than for control heifers and was greater ( P < 0.05 ) in HS than in LS heifers in Year 1 . Feeding a LS or a HS diet for 30 d before breeding may be inadequate to stimulate puberty in beef heifers , but feeding a diet with a greater amount of starch for 60 d before breeding may increase the incidence of puberty during breeding of heifers that have inadequate yearling weight ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2676 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "24147", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "high- or low-starch diets" ], "offsets": [ [ 41, 66 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24148", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "energy supplementation programs and amount of starch" ], "offsets": [ [ 190, 242 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24149", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "CP supplement" ], "offsets": [ [ 404, 417 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24150", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "CP supplement/d and pasture" ], "offsets": [ [ 617, 644 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24151", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "a high-starch ( HS ) diet ( 73 %" ], "offsets": [ [ 663, 695 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24152", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "HS diet fed in drylot" ], "offsets": [ [ 760, 781 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24153", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "a low-starch ( LS ) diet" ], "offsets": [ [ 810, 834 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24154", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "self-fed on pasture" ], "offsets": [ [ 863, 882 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24155", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "HS-60" ], "offsets": [ [ 744, 749 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24156", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "HS-30" ], "offsets": [ [ 793, 798 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24157", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "LS-30" ], "offsets": [ [ 894, 899 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24158", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "42 % CP supplement/d" ], "offsets": [ [ 612, 632 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24159", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "SBM supplement/d" ], "offsets": [ [ 1775, 1791 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24160", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "distiller 's grain and soybean hull-based diet" ], "offsets": [ [ 1832, 1878 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24161", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "limited-fed a corn-based diet" ], "offsets": [ [ 1922, 1951 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24162", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "HS" ], "offsets": [ [ 679, 681 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24163", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "LS" ], "offsets": [ [ 825, 827 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24164", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "LS" ], "offsets": [ [ 825, 827 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24165", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "HS diet" ], "offsets": [ [ 760, 767 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24166", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Incidence of puberty" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 20 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24167", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "weight" ], "offsets": [ [ 487, 493 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24168", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "heavier" ], "offsets": [ [ 1064, 1071 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24169", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "weight gains" ], "offsets": [ [ 2013, 2025 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24170", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Pubertal BW" ], "offsets": [ [ 2049, 2060 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24171", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "incidence of puberty" ], "offsets": [ [ 258, 278 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24172", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "puberty" ], "offsets": [ [ 13, 20 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24173", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "incidence of puberty" ], "offsets": [ [ 258, 278 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "24175", "type": "document", "text": [ "Effects of supplementation of whole corn germ on reproductive performance , calf performance , and leptin concentration in primiparous and mature beef cows . A 2-yr study using primiparous and multiparous , spring-calving , crossbred beef cows was conducted to evaluate the effects of supplemental whole corn germ on reproductive performance , calf performance , and serum leptin concentrations . Each year , cows were blocked by age and BCS and assigned randomly to one of three treatments : PRE ( n = 115 ) cows received 1.14 kg/d ( DM basis ) of whole corn germ for approximately 45 d before calving ; POST ( n = 109 ) cows were fed 1.14 kg/d of whole corn germ for approximately 45 d after calving ; and control cows ( n = 118 ) were fed similar energy and protein from dry-rolled corn ( 1.82 kg of DM/d ) for 45 d before and after calving . Additionally , PRE cows were grouped with controls after calving , and POST cows were grouped with control cows before calving , so that corn germ-supplemented cows received the control supplement in the alternate feeding period . Cow BW ( 538 +/- 13 kg ) and BCS ( 5.4 +/- 0.13 ) did not differ among treatments at any time during the experiment . Calf birth weight ( 39 +/- 2 kg ) , weaning weight ( 225 +/- 7 kg ) , and age-adjusted weaning weight ( 234 +/- 8 kg ) did not differ because of dam supplementation regimen . Treatment did not affect the proportion of cows exhibiting ovarian luteal activity before the start of the breeding season ( 67 % ) or pregnancy rate ( 91 % ) . The interval from exposure to bulls until subsequent calving did not differ ( P = 0.16 ) among PRE ( 298 +/- 2.3 d ) , POST ( 303 +/- 2.6 d ) , and control ( 304 +/- 2.3 d ) cows . Leptin concentrations did not differ among treatments and were 2.15 +/- 0.75 , 1.88 +/- 0.76 , and 1.91 +/- 0.75 ng/mL for control , POST , and PRE cows , respectively . Age and week relative to calving influenced leptin concentration . Primiparous cows had similar leptin concentrations to 3-yr-old and mature cows for wk -7 and -6 relative to calving , but lower ( P < 0.10 ) concentrations than mature cows for wk -5 , and lower ( P < 0.05 ) concentrations than either 3-yr-old or mature cows for wk -4 to +7 relative to calving . Serum leptin was correlated with BCS ( P < 0.0001 ; r = 0.35 ) at initiation of the feeding period and was correlated with BCS ( P = 0.02 ; r = 0.12 ) and weight ( P < 0.01 ; r = 0.14 ) at the completion of the supplement period , but it was not correlated with initial BW or interim BCS . Calving interval was not correlated ( P > 0.12 ) with weekly measures of serum leptin concentration . Supplementing beef cows with whole corn germ had no effect on cow performance , calf performance , or serum leptin concentrations of cows ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2777 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "24176", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "supplemental whole corn germ" ], "offsets": [ [ 285, 313 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24177", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "blocked by age and BCS and assigned randomly to one of three treatments : PRE ( n = 115 ) cows received 1.14 kg/d ( DM basis ) of whole corn germ for approximately 45 d before calving ; POST ( n = 109 ) cows were fed 1.14 kg/d of whole corn germ for approximately 45 d after calving ; and control cows ( n = 118 ) were fed similar energy and protein from dry-rolled corn ( 1.82 kg of DM/d ) for 45 d before and after calving" ], "offsets": [ [ 419, 843 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24178", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "grouped with controls after calving , and POST cows were grouped with control cows before calving , so that corn germ-supplemented cows received the control supplement in the alternate feeding period" ], "offsets": [ [ 875, 1074 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24179", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "." ], "offsets": [ [ 156, 157 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24180", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "reproductive performance" ], "offsets": [ [ 49, 73 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24181", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "calf performance" ], "offsets": [ [ 76, 92 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24182", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "leptin concentration" ], "offsets": [ [ 99, 119 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24183", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "reproductive performance" ], "offsets": [ [ 49, 73 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24184", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "calf performance" ], "offsets": [ [ 76, 92 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24185", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "serum leptin concentrations" ], "offsets": [ [ 367, 394 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24186", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Cow BW" ], "offsets": [ [ 1077, 1083 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24187", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Calf birth weight" ], "offsets": [ [ 1195, 1212 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24188", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "weaning weight" ], "offsets": [ [ 1231, 1245 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24189", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "age-adjusted weaning weight" ], "offsets": [ [ 1269, 1296 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24190", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "ovarian luteal activity" ], "offsets": [ [ 1429, 1452 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24191", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Leptin concentrations" ], "offsets": [ [ 1712, 1733 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24192", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "leptin concentrations" ], "offsets": [ [ 373, 394 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24193", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "serum leptin concentration" ], "offsets": [ [ 367, 393 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "24195", "type": "document", "text": [ "Comparison of methods for intravenous infusion of fat emulsion during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation . STUDY OBJECTIVES To characterize the effects of infusing fat emulsion during neonatal extracorporeal membrane oxygenation ( ECMO ) by comparing results from patients receiving fat emulsion through the ECMO circuit with those receiving fat emulsion through separate intravenous access . A second goal was to identify the optimal route for administration . DESIGN Prospective , randomized , open-label trial . SETTING Neonatal intensive care unit in a 106-bed quaternary care pediatric hospital . SUBJECTS Nine neonates receiving ECMO who required intravenous nutrition . Intervention . Patients received 1-3 g/kg/day of fat emulsion into either the ecmo circuit or separate intravenous access . MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS The ECMO circuit and samples of blood were evaluated hourly for phase separation , layering out of the emulsion from blood , agglutination , and blood clots . After completion , the oxygenators were dissected and examined . Data were compared with an unpaired t test . The characteristics of the groups were similar , except for a higher mean weight in the ECMO circuit group ( 3.6 +/- 0.3 kg vs 2.8 +/- 0.4 kg , p=0.03 ) . The mean +/- SD triglyceride level during the study was 87 +/- 79 mg/dl , with no significant difference between the two groups . Two patients in each group had elevated triglyceride levels . No cases of phase separation occurred . In the five patients who received fat emulsion into the ECMO circuit , three had layering out of the emulsion and agglutination , and all developed clots in the circuit despite adequate anticoagulation . Of the four patients in the intravenous-access group , one had layering and agglutination , and two had blood clots . CONCLUSIONS Although both methods were associated with layering out , agglutination , and clot formation , these effects occurred more frequently with administration into the ECMO circuit , particularly in areas of stasis . This may result in disruption of normal ECMO blood flow and impaired delivery of calories . Fat emulsion should therefore be administered through separate intravenous access during ECMO whenever possible ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2239 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "24196", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "infusion of fat emulsion" ], "offsets": [ [ 38, 62 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24197", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "fat emulsion" ], "offsets": [ [ 50, 62 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24198", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "fat emulsion" ], "offsets": [ [ 50, 62 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24199", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "nutrition" ], "offsets": [ [ 666, 675 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24200", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "1-3 g/kg/day of fat emulsion into either the ecmo circuit or separate intravenous access" ], "offsets": [ [ 711, 799 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24201", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "fat emulsion" ], "offsets": [ [ 50, 62 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24202", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Fat emulsion" ], "offsets": [ [ 2126, 2138 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24203", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "weight" ], "offsets": [ [ 1175, 1181 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24204", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "mean +/- SD triglyceride level" ], "offsets": [ [ 1260, 1290 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24205", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "triglyceride levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 1426, 1445 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24206", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "phase separation" ], "offsets": [ [ 896, 912 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24207", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "layering out of the emulsion" ], "offsets": [ [ 915, 943 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24208", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "agglutination" ], "offsets": [ [ 957, 970 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24209", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "clots" ], "offsets": [ [ 983, 988 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24210", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "layering out , agglutination , and clot formation" ], "offsets": [ [ 1865, 1914 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "24212", "type": "document", "text": [ "Ultrasound therapy for recalcitrant diabetic foot ulcers : results of a randomized , double-blind , controlled , multicenter study . An estimated 15 % of patients with diabetes will develop a foot ulcer sometime in their life , making them 30 to 40 times more likely to undergo amputation due to a non-healing foot ulcer than the non-diabetic population . To determine the safety and efficacy of a new , non-contact , kilohertz ultrasound therapy for the healing of recalcitrant diabetic foot ulcers - as well as to evaluate the impact on total closure and quantitative bacterial cultures and the effect on healing of various levels of sharp/surgical debridement - a randomized , double-blinded , sham-controlled , multicenter study was conducted in hospital-based and private wound care clinics . Patients ( 55 met criteria for efficacy analysis ) received standard of care , which included products that provide a moist environment , offloading diabetic shoes and socks , debridement , wound evaluation , and measurement . The \" therapy \" was either active 40 KHz ultrasound delivered by a saline mist or a \" sham device \" which delivered a saline mist without the use of ultrasound . After 12 weeks of care , the proportion of wounds healed ( defined as complete epithelialization without drainage ) in the active ultrasound therapy device group was significantly higher than that in the sham control group ( 40.7 % versus 14.3 % , P = 0.0366 , Fisher 's exact test ) . The ultrasound treatment was easy to use and no difference in the number and type of adverse events between the two treatment groups was noted . Of interest , wounds were debrided at baseline followed by a quantitative culture biopsy . The results of these cultures demonstrated a significant bioburden ( greater than 10 ( 5 ) ) in the majority of cases , despite a lack of clinical signs of infection . Compared to control , this therapeutic modality was found to increase the healing rate of recalcitrant , diabetic foot ulcers ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2004 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "24213", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Ultrasound therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 18 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24214", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "non-contact , kilohertz ultrasound therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 404, 446 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24215", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "active 40 KHz ultrasound delivered by a saline mist or a \"" ], "offsets": [ [ 1052, 1110 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24216", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "sham device \" which delivered a saline mist without the use of ultrasound" ], "offsets": [ [ 1111, 1184 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24217", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "ultrasound treatment" ], "offsets": [ [ 1477, 1497 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24218", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "recalcitrant diabetic foot ulcers" ], "offsets": [ [ 23, 56 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24219", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "foot ulcer" ], "offsets": [ [ 45, 55 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24220", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "recalcitrant diabetic foot ulcers" ], "offsets": [ [ 23, 56 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24221", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "proportion of wounds healed" ], "offsets": [ [ 1216, 1243 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24222", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "adverse events" ], "offsets": [ [ 1558, 1572 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24223", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "bioburden" ], "offsets": [ [ 1766, 1775 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24224", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "healing rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 1951, 1963 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24225", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "recalcitrant diabetic foot ulcers" ], "offsets": [ [ 23, 56 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24226", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "recalcitrant diabetic foot ulcers" ], "offsets": [ [ 23, 56 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "24227", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "55" ], "offsets": [ [ 809, 811 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]