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Papers will range from Irish orphan stories, Mary Lee, women in the 1916 Rising and conscription, Irish nuns and identity, chain migration, women in World War 1, through to the 20th century ‘Troubles’ and abortion reform and neonatal deaths.
The Irish character in Australian literature is often introduced by a piece of dialogue that confirms the character’s origins.
Excerpts from an autobiographical piece by Michéal Ó Súileabháin
A Tribute to Fr Michael O’Sullivan.
Irish language message left on the moon in 1969.
The Sunburnt Symposium is now part of the Australian daonscoileanna, the summer and winter Irish language intensives and also featured in some Australasian Irish Studies conferences.
Irish Language classes in Sydney, and history and archeology in Penrith and the Blue Mountains.
Danta as Gaeilge with English translations
Tributes from his daughters for Barney Devlin, journalist, teacher, lover of the Irish language.
A Pop-Up Gaeltacht on the Adelaide Oval. | <urn:uuid:7fb88c76-a3b4-4b53-8283-827896142d05> | {
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Vacuum casting is the process by that prototype models and production parts can be made through the use of a silicone moulding which is made from a pattern. Actually it is a way of copying a 3D shape rapidly and accurately. Once a silicone moulding has been built. It is filled in a vacuum condition with a choice of a polyurethane resin that will harden and replicate the characteristics of a whole host of industrial material properties.
HOW TO CREATE SILICONE MOULDING?
Make a pattern by 3D printing or CNC machining, the finished needs to be polished.
Put the pattern into a box, and then, pour the liquid silicone material into the box.
Put the box which contains the liquid silicone into a oven. Heat it around 3-4 hours until it to be solid. The silicone moulding is formed.
Take the box out from oven. Cut off the mould to be half. Take the pattern out from the mould. Put the mould into a vacuum machine to start taking out the air and pouring into the part material.
As well as being a highly effective method for Low volume plastic parts production, Vacuum Casting can be also delivered parts with varying degrees of flexibility or rigidity, in a wide range of choosing colours and materials, included clear parts and rubber parts. Used in conjunction with other prototyping technologies, vacuum casting obviates the requirement for expensive purpose made production tooling to help clients to save production time and costs.
We offer vacuum mould casting that can be used as your mass production products. Colour can be added to any material you want, and we can match to a RAL and Pantone number reference, or to a provided sample. Transparent and water clear parts are also possible with a high degree of optical clarity. Materials can simulate a vast selection of industrial materials. ABS, PC, POM, Nylon, glass filled nylon, heat resistant and flexible elastomer rubber from shore 45– 90A can all be achieved extremely accurately.
Through by Rapid prototyping technology, we can meet clients all kinds of requirements for Low volume plastic parts production:
(1) Aluminum Tooling: Aluminum mold is a type of conventional tooling, the tooling life is around. It’s typically able to produce well over 10,000 parts. Without the same heating and cooling lines that take a lot of time and money with traditional injection molds. This does slightly increase our cycle times compared to traditional molds, however, in most case. It’s only used for produced simple structure product. The part material is the same as the final product. Any plastics material can be choose as the same as steel mould’s.
(2) 3D printing: 3D printing is one of the most common methods for producing low volume plastic components. 3D printing technology has advanced so far as to be considered a genuine rapid prototyping technique. It will depend on the weight and size of part for the quantities.
(3) CNC machining: Most engineering materials are easily machined through by standard CNC machining techniques. Part geometry is not just limited to prismatic shapes but can easily include 3D complex geometry. Today, CNC machining is the best choice for producing low volume plastic part, such as: POM, PA+GF, HDPE, Nylon etc which can not be made by 3D printing.
(4) Vacuum casting: Usually a silicone moulding can cast 15-20 Plastic prototype parts, so the most suitable quantities is around 100 Pieces with the best costs. | <urn:uuid:2014c895-d77a-4c44-ab64-fc4d86afb936> | {
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Core strength has become a popular topic because it affects the function of the entire body. A strong core means better stability, fewer injuries and less physical stress.
Weak core muscles can lead to chronic back and neck pain. Signs of weak core muscles include slumping in your chair, poor posture at your desk or lack of balance.
Why Do Core Muscles Matter?
The word “core” means central and that is exactly the function of your core muscles. They are central to nearly every movement you make and the stronger they are, the easier it is to go about your work and recreation comfortably.
What are Core Muscles?
If you think core muscles are just abs, you’re partially right. Abs get the majority of attention, but the system extends beyond that and includes the lower back and glutes, too. That’s why an exercise like sit-ups, which focuses exclusively on developing the abdominal muscles, is not adequate if your goal is to build a stronger core.
How can you tell if your core is weak? If you have low back pain or balance issues there’s a good chance your core muscles are weak. One simple test is the plank test.
- Lie on the floor, propped up by your elbows.
- Raise your torso up so that your toes and elbows are the only two parts of your body touching the floor.
- Hold this as long as you can, then see how your strength measures up.
If you could last two minutes or more, your core muscles are strong. Between one and two minutes is normal, 30 seconds to a minute is moderate and less than 30 seconds is weak. If your arms or legs shook while trying to hold this pose, you have poor motor control over your core muscles.
The Good News
The good news is that you don’t have to settle for a weak core and the related problems it causes. Our medical experts are able to assess your current status and create an individualized plan of easy-to-do exercises to build up those muscles. Our physical therapists will design a program for you that will safely increase your strength, resulting is less pain and more flexibility.
After doing the self-assessment, you might be anxious to get started doing exercises to build these weak muscles, but if you do the wrong ones or push too hard, you might cause injury. There’s a way to go about it that will achieve long-lasting, positive results. Our physical therapists are trained to identify the practices for each of our patients that will work best for them.
We do this by conducting a complete analysis of your body posture, the way you move and your current level of strength so we can determine the cause of your pain. Based on that information, we put together a treatment plan tailored to your situation.
It’s all up to you. You can have the lifestyle you crave, enjoy activities you love and experience a pain-free life with the professional support and recommendations we provide.
Make an appointment today and we’ll show you how improving your core muscles can change your life for the better. | <urn:uuid:1e78215a-68dd-4e95-abae-5d13f5f8fa96> | {
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13 January 2019 — Global Research
Syrian stories 2018
“Our millennial history will help us”. Between street mosaics, archaeological assets to be restored, photovoltaic energy for reconstruction, and agriculture that calls for peace
Finding a place in the Guinness for making the largest wall mosaic in the world with recycled materials deserves vivid eco-artistic compliments. But here is the real world record: the Syrian “architects” of this 720 square meter work in the Mezzeh district of Damascus have done everything in the middle of war. In damascene streets, after 2013, seven long mosaics, a kaleidoscope of colors, fantasy and hope, were born among so many war explosions. Pieces of tiles, broken cups, bottles, tubes, bicycle wheels, electronic metal parts, keys and nails: gathered here and there and brought as a gift from citizens.
Image on the right: Artist Moaffak Makhoul
“In the difficult conditions facing the city, we wanted to offer a smile and show the love of the Syrians for life, creativity and art. The work started in October 2013 and in January 2014 we had finished” explains the artist Moaffak Makhoul, coordinator of the Guiness mosaic. T-shirt and black trousers, he guides us in the library of Damascus museum for the education showing around. “These books were recovered from schools that were evacuated before the arrival of armed groups who occupied them, in Muhadamya, Ghouta, Daraya”.
Outside the silence of the library, the noisy and intense traffic causes one question: How do the Syrians keep their cars after seven years of war that have caused inflation and impoverishment?
The young agronomist Dima Hassan – who is a bit our Virgilio, in Syria … – does not have a car and lives modestly with her salary, which with the devaluation of the Syrian lira equals 30 euros, but she tries this answer: «Or have relatives abroad, or do three jobs, a situation now common here, or are depleting the savings they had before the war.” Some people are exasperated in traffic jams and make jokes about the subway project: “A project which is twenty years old; is it so hard to dig? You could entrust the work to the terrorists of Jaysh al-Islam and to the other mercenaries who in a few years, in the eastern Ghouta area, were able to dug miles of tunnels to secure supplies in weapons and materials! ”
In front of the art school Abdel Hader, close to the library, the two artist sisters Rajab and Safa Wabi look at a high wall decorated in relief. «We started, with several students, the street art in 2011, at the same time as the crisis that then resulted in the war. And we did not stop even when above our heads were raining mortars that came from areas outside Damascus in the hands of armed groups”, says the sister, while the other continues, stretching his arm to a nearby building: “There a missile fell. Working on the street, we did not really have any shelter! But our work magnetically attracted many people, adults and children, and this helped us.”
They are approached by two little doves, in small and brown – may be they are the damascene version of our pigeons. The artists indicate the sand and cement doves on the top of the wall: “We have put them as a symbol of peace”.
A peace that is not yet in Syria, where many fronts have closed but others are still opened. Certainly in the areas most affected by the conflict, instead of the mosaics there are rubble. For the post-war reconstruction, a titanic work, it is estimated a cost of 470 billion dollars. The machine has already started up with the rehabilitation of public utility buildings and private housings, preceded by the removal of the rubble. The foundation of the Aga Khan is already supporting the restoration of the historical architectural heritage, starting from the huge suq of Aleppo and other monuments of the Old City.
Good news is that the huge amount of rubble will be partly recycled. “The Chinese companies are already at work, in addition to the Syrian government machine”, assures a Syrian translator who previously studied and lived in Spain and decided to return to his country in 2014, at the height of the crisis.
This kind of “reuse” makes the pair with a small but significant project in Aleppo. The group of Christian Marist blue volunteers, among the many rehabilitation projects, has one called Heart Made, which practices up-cycling without calling it that, as one of the project managers explains, Leyla Antaki: «We resort to stock of unsold stock over time and transform them by giving them a second life. We take the models on the internet, adapting them to local tastes. Then with the cutouts, sleeves, jeans we make big and small bags, bags that we decorate. In short, it is about avoiding textile waste, learning perfection in work and making beautiful things »
On the huge challenge of the reconstruction, the question is: who will pay to put the country back on its feet? Who will earn? Joan, a student from Damascus whose father is from the Afrin area, hit by the bombing of the Turks, is drastic: “I really hope it does not become a business for the usual ones who first bring ruin and then earn on us… I say that Western countries, Turkey, the Gulf monarchs should compensate the Syrian people! They have fomented a war by proxy, they supported jihadist mercenaries … ». The damages are much higher than the estimated economic figure show. Because the loss of human lives is priceless, and also the historical architectural and archaeological heritage cannot be refunded.
The war has upset the methodical and often obscure work of archaeologists, restorers and officials. Occupied sites, warehouses of looted artefacts, damaged museums, threats to the life of the personnel. In one of the large laboratory rooms of the National Archaeological Museum of Damascus, cluttered with crates of artifacts, Rima Hawan, director of the restoration department, indicates pieces of statues from Palmira (Tadmor), a World Heritage Site that for ten months straddles 2015 and 2016 was besieged by the self-styled Islamic State (Isis, which in the Arab world is called Daesh, in a derogatory sense): “The situation was absolutely emergency”. It was feared the total destruction of the site, in front of images proudly spread by Daesh, with the beheadings of statues and not only: the archaeologist Khaled al Asaad, after a life in Palmira to take care of the site, paid with his life – slaughtered the August 18, 2015 at age 83 – the refusal to reveal the places were the most precious stuff had been hidden to escape the fury.
The director of the Palmira museum Khalil Hariri managed to escape at the last moment, but lost a brother and a cousin as well as several friends. It is located in the museum of Damascus to follow the restoration projects of some statues taken away in time and in a fortunate way: “The terrorists took us by surprise with their advance. Everything seemed to be stronger than us, in those days. In addition to terror, we had a very strong memory of the looting of Iraq’s historical heritage in 2003 during the Anglo-American invasion… But we managed with difficulty and danger to evacuate numerous artifacts, a sort of mission impossible» before the arrival of the devils.
Some employees are engaged, in large registers and at the computer, in the meticulous verification of the artifacts. Najma is among the restorers who worked in Palmyra after the escape of Daesh: “There are works totally destroyed, others we are trying to recover, here we work above all on the faces.” Kawtar and Hiba brush a monk statue. Who has helped you in these years of isolation, een under economic sanctions, did you always have the necessary materials available? Rima smiles cautiously: “Archaeologists are a world community. The experts with whom we worked to study the immense Syrian heritage, have been concretely close to us.»
Image below: Khalil Hariri, museum director (ph. Marinella Correggia)
Among the areas of crisis there has been for years the National Museum of Aleppo, the one that seems guarded by the huge Hittite statues of dark basalt, the spirited eyes. In July 2016, when it was hit by several missiles and mortar shells fired by armed groups who controlled the Eastern part of the city, most of the collection was already safe. Hariri states that, in the emergence of those years, with the country divided into areas of influence among armed groups, “the Directorate for Antiquities had lost contact with two realities: Idlib, still controlled by Qaedist groups; and Raqqa».
Raqqa: a toponym that for years has evoked terror since, in 2014, the city became the «capital of the caliphate» of the Islamic State. The city museum was rich in finds from various eras, up to prehistoric times. The Directorate had stored most of the collections in a series of buildings near the fortification of the Abbasid period at Heraqla, 7.5 kilometers to the museum. But already in March 2013, the Caliphate looted the warehouses and many pieces, mosaics, terracotta and plaster, the result of decades of excavation missions, left the country through the accomplice Turkey, destination the international market of finds. After all, pieces from Palmira were found for sale in London, one of the most important antiques markets… Anyhow the employees managed to evacuate or hide some of the transportable materials, and then recover three full crates found in Tabqa. ISIS had arrived to place explosive charges near the museum. This is a common destiny at about 300 sites of historical relevance. The war really is an angry elephant in a crystal shop.
Let’s go back to the archaeological museum in Damascus. In the courtyard, among artifacts and trees, a small group of workers with orange jackets and helmets are installing a photovoltaic lamp. Interesting union between past and modern.
A union which is normal as well as desirable for Mahmoud Alawadi, the manager of the company Htm Power solution: “Photovoltaics and archaeological heritage are both key elements of our future. The millennia of history will help us to rebuild. I think that the civilization of force that have staged certain states on our skin should oppose the force of civilization.” Moreover, his deputy director of the company is Slava Abdo, who studied archeology and is full of futuristic enthusiasm: “Syria is the lady of the Sun. The sun is always there, solar energy is our future and must have the greatest attention”.
And solar thermal and photovoltaic can be seen around. Here and there, on the roofs of Aleppo and even in Kafarbatna in the eastern Ghouta on the buildings left standing, and in the urban and extra-urban streets to make traffic lights, street lamps, antennas work; up to the torches distributed in the centers for displaced persons. With the war, the supply of electricity and consequently the water supply itself became a problem. Renewable energies represent a solution, very convenient, says Slava, “If you calculate the costs for a diesel generator that compensates for the lack of electricity from thermal power stations, and compare them with those of panels that then work for 24 years …”
The costs of planting of solar energy can discourage, but the reconstruction of Syria can be a good opportunity, Slava continues: “Photovoltaics are good for every place, in homes, streets, farms, industries … Not only can they be equipped with reconstructed buildings, but they can be a great resource in the same work of reconstruction” And what about the production on the panels, which had started to be made in Syria before the war? “Currently, the cost-benefit ratio makes us prefer to import from China, but in two years we expect to have our own factory here,” concludes Slava while she puts her foot on a platform that lights up. Alawadi proudly displays the operation of photovoltaic water pumps, which are very useful in agriculture.
Agriculture: in the land of the fertile crescent, the primary sector has a history of many millennia behind it. The Italian geneticist Salvatore Ceccarelli, with the international organization Icarda – International Institute for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas – has worked extensively in the country with farmers, improving participatory traditional cereals (those cultivated for centuries and centuries), so as to obtain mixtures of varieties capable of responding to environmental and water crises. Mixtures now grown in various countries including Italy.
And in Syria? Here, after the drought that has hit hard since 2008, seven years of war have seriously damaged food production, due to population displacements and clashes that have also involved rural areas and disrupted supply chains and transport.
For this reason it was a small miracle, in a day of end of May, to see the beautiful color of apricots emerge from a box on a farmer’s bike in Mleha, East Ghouta, a region near Damascus that was in the eye of the war tornado. The fruits cost 300 Syrian pounds per kilogram: before the war the apricots price was within everyone’s reach, but now it is for a few, seen the lowering of wages. Exquisite fruit, a set of delicate flavors. The apricot tree, originally from China, seems to have found the elective homeland in Syria and Turkey. Kobol el arb (“before the war”), the inhabitants of the capital used to go on a trip to the Ghouta at the time of flowering. And they looked forward to the short season of apricot, an expression that is also a way of saying to indicate something fleeting. At the time of the Mamluks, to listen to the Egyptian traveler El Badri, the scholars would put themselves in… leave, leaving chairs and books to gorge the fruit. Which in Syria has inspired a true art of conservation and transformation. “After all, in Argentina we have the apricots called Damascus and now I understand why” says the actress Susana Oviedo, who is visiting Syria.
What place will the primary sector have in the reconstruction of the country? And will the announced government plan for rural women really work? Here is a potential recipient: a food producer of Katana, in her yellow hat and bright blue scarf, arrives every day with a bus in the capital to sell her food. Her place is under one of the mosaics. Agri-culture is culture, after all.
This article was originally published on L’Ordine.LaProvincia
All images in this article are from the author | <urn:uuid:2cb85ed3-f484-42b0-bb08-3d2f7ea8d580> | {
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Gusev Crater, the landing site for one of the two Mars Exploration Rovers. The yellow oval shows where scientists expect the rover to land.
Click on image for full size
Mars Rover Landing Sites Selected
News story originally written on April 25, 2003
NASA will soon send two robotic rovers to Mars. The rovers are the main part of the Mars Exploration Rover (MER) missions. Rockets carrying the two rovers will be launched from Earth in May and June of 2003. The rovers will arrive on Mars in January 2004.
NASA just made the final decision about where on Mars each rover will land. NASA scientists are interested in places on Mars that might have had water. They think places that had water are the best places to search for signs of life. The two rovers will land at places where water may have been.
One rover will land in a large meteorite crater called Gusev Crater. It looks like Gusev Crater once had a large lake inside it. The other lander will touch down at a place called Meridiani Planum. Meridiani Planum seems to have a bunch of hematite in the area. Hematite is a mineral that often forms in wet places, especially hot springs. So both landing sites seem like places that once had water. Maybe the rovers will find signs of life there!
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Posted on Jul 10, 2019, 2 p.m.
While it is normal to feel sad from time to time, being sad continuously can make you old, according to this study published in the journal Psychological Medicine, which found there is a clear link between depression and increased risk of dementia as well as overall cognitive decline later in life.
Changes in circumstances can cause a temporary loss of happiness which is normal, but when the sadness lingers and you lose interest in things you once enjoyed, you lose appetite, and energy levels are low you could be dealing with depression.
Depression is far more common than most people realize, according to the National Institute of Mental Health, major depression is one of the most common disorders in the nation that is reported to affect over 17 million adult Americans, with the greatest levels of depression being felt by those between the ages of 18-25.
Previous studies have confirmed a link between dementia and depression, in this study, researchers from the University of Sussex found a link between depression and a general decline in total cognitive function.
Results from 34 longitudinal studies were analyzed to determine the effects depression has on long term cognition; review involved over 71,000 participants of which some were diagnosed with depression while others had not been diagnosed but exhibited symptoms. Those that were diagnosed with dementia were excluded from this study, and particular attention was given to evidence of decline in memory, decision making ability, and information processing speed.
Those with depression were found to experience a greater decline in cognitive state during older adulthood. The findings may be important for early intervention for dementia as there currently is no cure and there is a long preclinical period of several decades before diagnosis.
As a whole, the world’s population is aging and depression rates are increasing; since there is a link between depression and cognitive decline the numbers of people experiencing dementia and cognitive decline is expected to steadily increase over the next three decades, according to Dr. Darya Gaysina of the University of Essex.
Results suggest that is important to deal with depression as early as possible to feel better now and to prevent problems later in life, as depression is treatable and there are many things that can be done to deal with it and mitigate the risks of later cognitive decline.
“It’s not inevitable that you’ll see a greater decline in cognitive abilities,” noted Amber John, one of the study’s authors. “Taking preventive measures such as exercising, practicing mindfulness, and undertaking recommended therapeutic treatments, such as cognitive behavioral therapy, have all been shown to be helpful in supporting well-being, which in turn may help protect cognitive health in older age.”
“Knowing the signs of a disorder and seeking treatment is very important. Do get an evaluation if you’re wondering. Exercising regularly will help with both anxiety and mood. Avoid recreational drugs or drinking excessively, which can make the problem worse. Make time to reflect on what you appreciate in your life. Get enough sleep, because sleep deprivation greatly affects mood. Finally, staying social and maintaining close relationships with others can help significantly.” explains Dr. Gail Saltz of the New York Presbyterian Hospital Weill-Cornell Medical College.
Symptoms of depression include, but are not limited to extreme irritability, anxiety, trouble controlling anger, loss of interest in everyday activities, obessing over things that have gone wrong in the past, prolonged sadness, and thoughts of death or suicide. If you are experiencing these symptoms please seek help, you are not alone, people want to help you, you are worth it.
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Note: Content may be edited for style and length.
This article is not intended to provide medical diagnosis, advice, treatment, or endorsement. | <urn:uuid:f91b8a21-6a5a-401e-be25-f7f95030f5f0> | {
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UNESCO reports that literacy is also a driver for improved health and nutrition, poverty reduction, and greater life opportunities for communities.
Literature is no longer related to just a physical book. Using the internet and technology to gain literacy skills is a viable form of education at any age.
Getting a job is hard enough. What if you couldn’t read or write? While this may seem unthinkable for many of us, illiteracy and low levels of education are contributing to alarming rates of global unemployment.
Imagine you had no education and could not read or write. How difficult would your life be? This is the frightening reality for over 750 million adults in the world.
© Copyright 2019 - World Literacy Foundation | <urn:uuid:51cfb1e2-24a4-4b9b-9c60-cf522879aea0> | {
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It is not surprising that a number of productions have adapted Shakespeare to suit modern times, but never has one featured actors made of plastic bricks and an iPhone.
Lego celebrated the legacy of William Shakespeare on the 400th anniversary of his death by recreating key scenes from three of his most well known and classic plays — Romeo and Juliet, A Midsummer Night’s Dream and Macbeth — using stop-motion animation. Believe it or not, these scenes were chosen by real children, too (the readers of First News, a children’s newspaper in the United Kingdom).
What are you waiting for? Check it out in the video below and prepare to be completely amazed and totally entertained! While you are at it, grab the kids and introduce them to some of the most classic literary works!
Read more about some strange Shakespearean adaptations here. | <urn:uuid:6686b55c-cca7-4b8a-ba4e-d3c7169fb065> | {
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In Ancient Egypt there were over 29 Kings and Pharaohs and over 5 Queens. Some of the most famous kings and queens were: Ramses II, Ramses III, King Tut, Cleopatra, and Nefertiti.
Ramses II (reigned 1279-1212 BC), ancient Egyptian king, third ruler of the 19th dynasty, the son of Seti I. During the early part of his reign Ramses fought to reign the territory in Africa and Western Asia that Egypt had held during the 16th and 15th centuries BC. His principle opponents were the Hittites, a powerful people of Asia Minor, against whom he waged a long war upon. The major battle of this war was fought in 1274 at Kadesh, in Northern Syria, was hailed by Ramses as such a great triumph. In 1258 BC a treaty was signed whereby the contested lands were divided and Ramses agreed to marry the daughter of the Hittite king.
The remaining years of his rule were distinguished by the construction of such monuments as the rock-hewn temple of Abû Simbel, the great hypostyle hall in the Temple of Amon at Al Karnak, and the mortuary temple at Thebes, known as Ramesseum.
Ramses III (reigned 1182-1151 BC), Egyptian king of the 20th dynasty, a great military leader who repeatedly saved the country from invasion. In the 5th year of his reign, Ramses defeated an attack by the Libyans from the west, and two years later he routed invaders known as the Sea Peoples. In his 11th year he again repelled an attempted attack by the Libyans. Ramses was also a builder of temples and palaces in the tradition of his 19th-dynasty predecessor, Ramses II. His victories are depicted on the walls of his mortuary temple at Medinet Habu, near Luxor. Egyptian records tell of a strike by workers at Ramses's burial site and a plot against the king near the end of his reign. Ramses III was the last of the great rulers and after his death there were centuries of weakness and foreign domination.
King Tut or Tutankhamun (reigned 1343-1325 BC), Egyptian pharaoh of the 18th dynasty, the son-in-law of Akhenaton, whom he succeeded. He became Pharaoh about the age of 9 and ruled until his death; which was about the age of 18. Peace was brought to Egypt during his reign as the worship of Amon, abandoned under Akhenaton, was restored and Thebes, the city sacred to Amon, was again made Egypt's capitol.
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- Ancient Egyptian Pharaohs In Ancient Egypt there were over 29 Kings and Pharaohs and over 5 Queens. Some of the most famous kings and queens were: Ramses II, Ramses III, King Tut, Cleopatra, and Nefertiti. Ramses II (reigned 1279-1212 BC), ancient Egyptian king, third ruler of the 19th dynasty, the son of Seti I. During the early part of his reign Ramses fought to reign the territory in Africa and Western Asia that Egypt had held during the 16th and 15th centuries BC. His principle opponents were the Hittites, a powerful people of Asia Minor, against whom he waged a long war upon.... [tags: Ancient Egypt Egyptian History]
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- There are many civilizations in history that contributed to the rise of modern day society. All of the things that we see today have been in some way shape or form improved upon to stand the test of time. From the structures of buildings, religion and pyramids, to the influence of art, it all played a part. The ancient civilization of the Egyptians was one of the most significant and well known cultures to ever have existed and technology wise, they were light years ahead. The ancient Egyptians relied heavily on their religion.... [tags: hieroglyphs, gods and pharaohs]
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- Ancient Egypt ruling started with the Pharaohs which was between the periods of 3150 B.C to 30 B.C. The Pharaohs were known as the God Kings. The Pharaohs were dynasties, they ruled all the way to the Ptolemaic Period which ended exactly in 30 B.C. There were 31 dynasties of Pharaohs, however some rulers ran different areas of Egypt at the same time. The first Pharaoh was Narmer or well known as Menes, the last Pharaoh ruler was Cleopatra. There was the Native Pharaoh 's whose ruling ended in 343 B.C.... [tags: Ancient Egypt, Pharaoh, Pschent, Ramesses II]
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- Life Before the Pharaohs For more than half of the twentieth century, much like the pyramids, the predynastic Egypt was a mystery to archeologists. The little discoveries that had been made from the period preceding the pharaohs were not enough to either prove or disprove the various theories circulating at the time. One of the first artifacts dated at the time of the unification to be unearthed was Narmer's palette, discovered by the English archeologist James Edward Quibell at the end of the nineteenth century.... [tags: Ancient Egypt Egyptian History]
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- The Statue of Khasekhemwy is a carved in-the-round sculpture made from painted limestone. It stands smaller than life size at about two feet in height. The sculpture represents Pharaoh Khasekhemwy in a straight, upright and frontal pose on the throne. Khasekhemwy places his right arm on his lap, while his left arm embraces his body. Unfortunately, both of his hands are destroyed. Covered by a tight-fitting robe, the subject wears a tall and conical hat above his head. Pharaoh Khasekhemwy sits on a low-backed throne with incised figures on the either sides of his seat.... [tags: Ancient Egypt, Egypt, Egyptian language]
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- For quite some time now I have taken a great interest in Ancient Egyptian artwork and the history behind it. The Ancient Egyptian were once a powerful civilization, they left behind thousands of ancient enriched artifacts. Religion played a significant role in Ancient Egyptian artwork and had a huge influence on their civilization. The vast majority of Ancient Egypt artwork illustrates images of gods, goddesses, and rulers known as pharaohs. The Ancient Egyptians paid close attention to balance, proportions and rich details.... [tags: Ancient Egypt, Egyptian hieroglyphs]
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- Ancient Egyptian Civilization There have been many prosperous civilizations throughout the history of the world. Many of them became very large, and lasted for a countless number of years. The most successful and large scale civilization, however, was that of Ancient Egypt. Although it lies in the middle of the largest desert in the world, egyptians were able to use their intelligence to utilize the Nile River and cultivate the surrounding land for farming. They came up with very unique conceptual ideas that benefitted them greatly, and discovered many new things that would impact society around the world to this day.... [tags: Ancient Egypt, Egypt, Nile, Egyptian hieroglyphs]
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- Ancient Egyptian culture is made up of hieroglyphics, afterlife rituals, architecture, paintings, and sculptures. Egyptian history began about 3,000 B.C.E. with hieroglyphics. Hieroglyphics is a complex system of writing using ancient Egyptian symbols. The first hieroglyphics were used on tomb walls, dedicated to the Pharaohs, who were considered gods. The word hieroglyph means “god 's words”, and Ancient Egyptians thought hieroglyphics were sacred. For this reason, hieroglyphs were carved onto sacred structures, such as temples.... [tags: Ancient Egypt, Egypt, Egyptians, Pharaoh]
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- Ancient Egyptian Religious Architecture One of the greatest cultural achievements of Ancient Egypt was undoubtedly in their architecture associated with religion. "Temples, tombs and pyramids - all have witnessed this earth for thousands of years. What better than to say that these architectural achievements show us that Egypt's greatest virtue lay in its architecture" (Fumeaux:11, 1964) When one travels to Egypt, what does he/she see - pyramid after temple after tomb, each standing the test of time.... [tags: Ancient Egypt Egyptian History]
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Cleopatra (69-30 BC), ill-fated queen of Egypt (51-30BC), celebrated for her love affairs with Julius Caesar and Mark Antony. Cleopatra, or more precisely, Cleopatra VII, was the daughter of Ptolemy XII Auletes, king of Egypt. On her father's death in 51BC Cleopatra, then about 17 years old, and her brother, Ptolemy XIII, a child of about 12 years, succeeded jointly to the throne of Egypt with the provision that they should marry. In the third year of their reign Ptolemy, encouraged by his advisers, assumed sole control of the government and drove Cleopatra into exile. She promptly gathered an army in Syria but was unable to assert her claim until the arrival at Alexandria of Julius Caesar, who became her lover and espoused her cause. He was for a time hard pressed by the Egyptians but ultimately triumphed, and in 47BC Ptolemy XIII was killed. Caesar proclaimed Cleopatra queen of Egypt.
Cleopatra was forced to marry her younger brother by custom, Ptolemy XIV, then about 11 years old. Later on in the marriage Antony killed himself because of a false report that the queen had died. After hearing that Antony killed himself Cleopatra then committed suicide, probably by poison, or by tradition, the bite of an Asp.
Nefertiti, ancient Egyptian queen who was the chief wife of Akhenaton, the pharaoh of Egypt, with whom she initiated many religious, artistic, and cultural changes. Nefertiti may have exercised the priestly office, a position normally reserved for kings.
Akhenaton, who reigned from about 1350 to 1334BC, was the first pharaoh to establish worship of one god. He directed exclusive worship of the sun god, Aton, of which Nefertiti was a devout follower. In honor of Aton, Akhenaton changed his name to mean "beneficial to Aton" (he was originally called Amenhotep IV) and established the capital Akhetaton (now the site of Tall al 'Amârinah). In the 12th year of Akhenaton's reign, Nefertiti apparently fell from favor and was replaced by Meritaten, one of her six daughters. | <urn:uuid:deef470e-fe39-456d-b84a-0c113db382db> | {
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Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a chronic condition associated primarily with smoking and environmental factors such as working or living in areas where there is dust, gas, chemical fumes, smoke or air pollution .
More than three in 100 (3.4%) people reported having chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, about the same as in 2012–13 (4.1%).
The proportion of people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was:
1. National Asthma Council Australia, How is Asthma Treated? <http://www.nationalasthma.org.au/understanding-asthma/how-is-asthma-managed>; last accessed 14/11/2019.
2. Lung Foundation Australia, August 2018, COPD the Basics, <https://lungfoundation.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Book-COPD-The-Basics-Sep2018.pdf>; last accessed 15/11/19.
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When you think of sugar, what do you usually think of?
You probably think of granular sugar or confectioners since they are much more common than any other sugar..
While this kind of sugar does have its place in recipes, there are two other forms of sugar that are very useful in their own right: Caster sugar and powdered sugar.
Both of these ingredients have their own uses. They enhance and are an integral part of different kinds of dishes. It will be very useful to learn as much as you can about both of them. Caster sugar and powdered sugar are used more in baking than in glazing or as a sweetener. That is the first thing that you should know about it.
Another thing you need to know about these types of sugars is that they both have a significant effect on what you are baking. Things will not end well if you are not perfect with your measurements.
Powdered sugar and caster sugar are two necessary ingredients for any baker to learn to work with. Knowing their similarities and differences will improve your effectiveness as a baker.
What is caster sugar and what makes it different?
Common bakers may be familiar with powdered sugar, but a lot of them are not able to recognize what caster sugar is, let alone how useful it is.
Caster sugar has a few different names. It is called castor’s sugar, baker’s sugar, or superfine sugar.
The thing about caster sugar is that it is not much different from granular sugar. The only real difference between caster sugar and granular sugar is that caster sugar has even smaller grains than granular sugar.
Think of caster sugar as sugar that is in between powdered sugar and granular sugar in terms of texture. It can be used almost as a substitute for powdered sugar, only it can be used more effectively than powdered sugar in that caster sugar has properties of granular and powdered sugar.
One of the reasons why you may not come across caster sugar is because it is not typically used in the United States. However, bakers in the United Kingdom have been using it for a very long time in their pastry recipes. This is another reason why it is not well known.
The main effect that caster sugar has when baking pastry type food items is that it makes these food items much softer and lighter. This is because of the “hybrid” type properties that caster sugar has when compared to powdered sugar.
If you are interested in using caster sugar in your future pastry recipes, you will need to prepare to spend a little more. This is because caster sugar is a little more rare than other types of sugars that you encounter.
How does powdered sugar differ from caster sugar?
While caster sugar is rare, powdered sugar is very common and used regularly. That is the first thing that makes caster sugar and powdered sugar different.
Another difference between the two is their texture.
As mentioned earlier, caster sugar has a texture that falls in between the extremes of powdered sugar and granular sugar.
Powdered sugar is ground into a grain that is so fine that it is impossible to see any individual grains. Caster sugar is still ground, but the grain is not nearly as fine.
As many bakers know, powdered sugar have two major purposes: First, it is used to make icing, frosting, and other pastry decorations.
The second thing that powdered sugar does is function as a dust type decoration that can add flavor to said pastry type food items.
What makes powdered sugar different than caster sugar is that unlike caster sugar, baking pastries with it will not result in a lighter or softer product. This can actually be a good thing if you are not intending on baking a softer or lighter pastry product.
Is caster sugar better than powdered sugar?
Caster sugar is so similar in its texture and function than powdered sugar that some bakers could argue that it is better to use caster sugar than it is to use powdered sugar in their recipes.
When comparing caster and powdered sugar, you can’t compare them in terms of which one is better than the other. Caster sugar and powdered sugar each have their own unique qualities that apply to different situations.
Caster sugar is very effective for pastry dishes that demand a softer texture. But caster sugar is not as effective as powdered sugar when it comes to making icing or frosting.
Powdered sugar also looks a little better when decorating a pastry than caster sugar, since powdered sugar is much more fine than even caster sugar.
Another thing you should know about caster sugar is that not only is it a lot less common than powdered sugar, it is also much more costly. If you do not have the time or money to acquire caster sugar, there is no shame in using powdered sugar.
Caster sugar and powdered sugar are similar in their function. Both are used in pastry recipes, and caster sugar can give these dishes a better texture.
There are two major differences between caster sugar and powdered sugar.
First, caster sugar is a lot more costly and not nearly as common as powdered sugar. Because of this, using caster sugar in your pastry dishes can be a challenge if you are new to baking.
However, if you are experienced in baking, caster sugar can make this process a little easier and you will enjoy a pastry product that is not only much more flavorful, but will also result in a softer texture that will impress others.
This does not mean that caster sugar is superior to powdered sugar. Remember that caster sugar is not as ground as intensely as powdered sugar. Using caster sugar on top of a pastry will not look as inviting as using powdered sugar does.
Powdered sugar and caster sugar each have their advantages and disadvantages. The best bakers know when to use which kind of sugar for different kinds of situations, like with any other kind of sugar. | <urn:uuid:08490261-ebe3-4633-9170-12304310dace> | {
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Have you ever felt that fuzzy coating on your teeth after eating, drinking or forgetting to brush? As you run your tongue over your teeth, you just know they aren’t clean, fresh and bright. So, what is the coating you’re feeling?
Plaque is a thin coating made up of bacteria and food particles that stick to teeth. It’s not easy to remove and requires a good brushing and flossing to get rid of it. If we were to leave plaque on our teeth, it would turn into calculus, also known as tartar. Once the plaque transforms into calculus or tartar, it can only be removed by a dental professional.
No amount of brushing can remove this hard buildup! The only thing that will help your teeth feel smooth and healthy again once tartar has set in is visiting us for a cleaning. If left unchecked, tartar will cause tooth decay and gum disease, resulting in the need for expensive dental care further down the road, not to mention pain.
Prioritise Your Oral Health
To prevent plaque buildup on your teeth, it’s important to watch your sugar intake. Diets higher in refined sugars will assist in the formation of plaque, but natural sugars can also contribute to it. For the reduction of sugar intake to be effective, you must remember to brush twice a day and floss at least once per day, making sure your oral hygiene remains a top priority! And don’t forget to schedule your regular checkups with us too! | <urn:uuid:cf10a9c3-d935-4cb4-bc61-fa390dd6490f> | {
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Cure for Uterine Fibroids Discovered
Family history data are graphically represented on a pedigree, which follows standard nomenclature to illustrate family relationships and disease information17 (Figure 25.1). Factors that limit the informativeness of the pedigree are small family size, early deaths in family members precluding the possibility of developing adult diseases, prophylactic surgeries that remove an organ from subsequent risk of cancer (e.g., total hysterectomy for uterine fibroids where the ovaries are also removed), and incomplete information about the health of family members. The degree of accuracy of reporting cancer diagnoses in relatives varies by how close the relatives are to the proband, with lack of information about specific cancer diagnoses in older second and or third generations being a particularly common problem encountered in pedigree generation.
Dysmenorrhea uterine bleeding VEGF mediates normal estrogen-induced endometrial development and vasculariza-tion 7, 8, 10 . Imbalances in VEGF expression or activity, therefore, could contribute to abnormal uterine bleeding. This is supported by the results of a recent clinical trial of the protein hormone relaxin for the treatment of progressive systemic sclerosis 20 . Relaxin, like estrogen, is an ovarian hormone that stimulates VEGF expression in the uterus (although its role in uterine physiology is less well understood at this time). The most frequent adverse event reported during the trial was heavier-than-usual or irregular menstrual bleeding. The authors of the study attributed this effect to relaxin-induced overexpression of VEGF in the uterus. VEGF is also implicated in the formation of uterine fibroids (below), which are also a frequent cause of abnormal uterine bleeding. Leiomyoma Uterine leiomyomas (fibroids) are benign tumors of the uterus that occur in one third of...
Magnetic resonance imaging findings were compared to physical examination and intraoperative findings. HASTE-sequence MRI was more accurate than physical examination in identifying cystoceles, enteroceles, vault prolapse, and pelvic organ pathology such as uterine fibroids, ure-thral diverticula, ovarian cysts, and Nabothian and Bartholin's gland cysts.5 Comiter et al.6 found that with dynamic MRI, surgical planning was altered in more than 30 of cases, most often because of occult enterocele not appreciated on physical examination.
Far, neurosurgery has benefited most from intraoperative MRI guidance. The introduction of real-time volumetric image updates has improved localization, and targeting and, most importantly, has resulted in complete tumor resections. Following this success in neurosurgery, new MRI-guided applications have been introduced for tumor treatment in the breast, liver, and prostate, as well as in the musculoskeletal system. Several percutaneous treatment methods like prostate brachytherapy have emerged. Thermal ablations in the brain (laser, RF), liver (laser, RF, and cryotherapy), and pelvis (laser treatment of fibroids) have been performed at multiple institutions. Today, among the thermal ablation methods, noninvasive image-guided focused ultrasound treatment has the most potential for tumor ablation but is also applicable to occlusion of blood vessels and to targeted drug delivery and gene therapy.
Uterine atony is responsible for the majority of primary postpartum hemorrhages originating from the placental bed. The main predisposing factors are prolonged labor followed by operative vaginal or abdominal delivery, uterine overdistension from polyhydramnios or multifetal pregnancy, and delivery following antepartum hemorrhage from either placenta praevia or abruption. Failure of the uterus to contract may also be due to retained placental fragments, either as disrupted portions or, more rarely, a succenturiate lobe. Fibroids may promote primary postpartum hemorrhage in a similar fashion. These factors should be considered if the uterus relaxes following normal uterotonic measures.
Endometriosis develops when cells from the lining of the uterus migrate outside the uterus. These cells still respond to the monthly hormonal cycles and release blood during menses. However, the blood has nowhere to go and so the area becomes inflamed and painful. Uterine fibroids are benign muscle tumors produced when estrogen activity is high as they depend on estrogen for growth. They appear in pre-menopausal women and shrink at menopause and in the absence of estrogen replacement therapy. They do not turn malignant. Birth control pills add to estrogen levels in the body. Symptoms of uterine fibroids include a feeling of fullness, frequent urination, and heavy and cramping menstruation.
|How I Shrunk My Fibroids Naturally Fibroid Free In 60 Day|
Download Fibroids Miracle Now
Free versions of Fibroids Miracle can not be found on the internet. | <urn:uuid:aab90be2-f4bd-410c-bc83-b992cd00f7aa> | {
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By Jonathan Amos
BBC Science Correspondent
Scientists say they are hugely excited to learn the origin of two bright spots on the surface of Ceres.
The US space agency’s Dawn probe is bearing down on the dwarf planet and on Friday will be captured by its gravity.
That will allow the satellite to spiral down in altitude in the coming months, to take ever sharper images of the spots, which sit inside a wide crater.
The striking features could be where an impact has dug out surface deposits and exposed the dwarf’s interior layers.
But deputy project scientist Dr Carol Raymond cautioned that the resolution of Dawn’s imagery was not good enough at the moment to make any definitive statements.
“These spots were extremely surprising and they have been puzzling to everyone who has seen them,” the Nasa Jet Propulsion Laboratory researcher told reporters.
“They show up in a 92km-wide crater that’s about 19 degrees North latitude. The spot in the centre is about twice as bright as the spot on the side of the crater, and as yet it has not been resolved, meaning it is smaller than the 4km pixel size [of the images].
“But its apparent brightness is already off-scale; it’s consistent with high reflective materials.”
Intriguingly, the European Space Agency’s Herschel telescope reported last year seeing water vapour coming from two sectors on Ceres. One of these sectors includes the location of the spots. That could be very significant, Dr Raymond said.
“The association with the impact crater may indicate that impact heating resulted in exposure of underlying ice [and] its vaporisation; and perhaps we’re seeing a deposit left behind which is rich in material like salts.”
Dawn will spend 14 months studying the 950km-diameter dwarf planet, which is the largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter.
The satellite has turned up at Ceres having previously visited the asteroid Vesta. This 530km-wide rock had the look of a punctured football, the result of a colossal collision sometime in its past that ripped a big chunk out of its southern polar region.
Ceres, on the other hand, is big enough for gravity to have pulled it into a more spherical shape.
Scientists think both bodies are fledglings that never quite made it to the planetary big time.
In the case of Vesta, it underwent a lot of the same processes that transformed the early Earth, such as differentiating its insides to include an iron core.
In contrast, Ceres’s bid to reach the major planet league probably stalled quite quickly.
Researchers believe its interior is dominated by a rocky core topped by ice that is then insulated by rocky lag deposits at the surface.
A big question the mission hopes to answer is whether there is a liquid ocean of water at depth. Some models suggest there could well be.
The evidence may well be found in Ceres’ craters which have a very muted look about them. That is, the soft interior of the dwarf has undoubtedly had the effect of relaxing their original hard outline.
“One of the prime motivations of the Dawn mission is to examine these building blocks of the planets, Vesta and Ceres, which are two intact proto-planets from the very dawn of the Solar System. They’re literally fossils that we can investigate to really understand the processes that were going on at that time,” Dr Raymond said.
At capture, the satellite will be at a separation of about 40,000km. Controllers at Earth will work in the next few weeks to reshape the orbit to get it ready for science.
One issue is that Dawn approached the dwarf from its Sun-lit side. The probe has now gone over to the dark side, and it will not come back around again to take images until late April.
But then onwards, the pictures will just get better and better as the orbit is progressively lowered.
“We’ll get to our final orbit in December of this year at just [380km] from the surface, which for context is just a little bit lower than the International Space Station orbits around the Earth. From this vantage point, Dawn will acquire its highest detail and highest resolution images of the surface,” said Nasa project manager Robert Mase.
Discovered in 1801 by the Sicilian astronomer Father Giuseppe Piazzi, Ceres is named after the Roman goddess of agriculture and harvests.
Craters on Ceres will follow a similar theme and will be named after gods and goddesses of agriculture and vegetation from mythology. Other features on the dwarf will be named after agricultural festivals. | <urn:uuid:4db65623-2d2c-40a4-ad04-44b308a7e5bc> | {
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American Animal Hospital Association guidelines recommend regular examinations and dental cleanings for all adult dogs and cats annually, starting at one year for cats and small-breed dogs, and at two years of age for larger-breed dogs. February is Pet Dental Health Month, so to help you keep your pet’s choppers in sparkling condition, AZPetVet is offering $50 off dental treatments. Simply mention this blog when booking.
Here are five reasons why you should incorporate dental care into your pet’s healthcare plan:
Brushing means better breath. Bad breath can be an indicator of periodontal disease in people and in pets. Regular brushing helps keep teeth healthier and breath better, so those slobbery kisses won’t take your breath away.
Periodontal disease can lead to more serious health problems. Numerous studies show a link between gum disease and serious health issues like heart disease. Prevention is the best approach, so regular brushing, dental exams and cleanings are vital.
Four out of five dogs over the age of three have some sort of periodontal disease. Plaque and tartar build-up on teeth is a sign of trouble, so make dental chewies, teeth brushing and regular check-ups part of your routine. Our feline friends need regular dental care as well.
Like people, older pets could lose their teeth. Decay and gum disease can cause tooth loss in animals – a condition which can be very painful, and cause serious health problems. Regular care saves you money in the long run, and helps prevent tooth loss.
Dogs and cats are good at hiding pain. Have you ever had a toothache? It’s painful, and can make you quite sick. Your pets can’t tell you directly that their teeth hurt, so you might not realize they have a serious dental issue until it’s too late. If your pet is drooling more than usual, has bleeding gums, loose teeth, or suspicious looking spots on their gums, make the appointment today. | <urn:uuid:10cb8661-e034-467f-9680-85eb7b9d9332> | {
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Niels Name Meaning & Origin
Origin of the name Nils:
Danish and Swedish cognate of the Greek Nikolaos (victory of the people) a compound name composed of the elements nikē (victory) and laos (the people). The name was borne by St. Nicholas, a 4th-century bishop of Myra about whom many legends have grown. He is known to children as the bringer of gifts on Christmas.
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Niels is a common Danish name, equivalent to Nicholas. It is also a Dutch name. The usual Swedish variant of this name is Nils
- Personal experiences with the name Niels
- Nicknames for Niels
- Meanings and history of the name Niels
- Famous real-life people named Niels
Niels Bohr, Danish physicist, made fundamental contributions to understanding atomic structure and quantum mechanics.
- Niels in song, story & screen | <urn:uuid:de163d11-f5ee-4b22-8151-234dc51228fa> | {
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Dukas was a French composer who studied harmony and composition at the Paris Conservatory where he associated with Debussy and Ravel and later became professor of composition. The Sorcerer’s Apprentice is a vivid descriptive symphonic scherzo, which is one of his best-known orchestral pieces. Although giving the impression of a moderate tempo, it is in fact written as a very fast 1 in a bar, which expands the music on the page, and adds considerably to the difficultly of playing it! It was written in 1897 at a time when the artistic movement of Impressionism had begun to exert its influence on music. It is based on the poem “Der Zauberlehrling” (The Sorcerer’s Apprentice) by the German poet, Goethe, which interprets an old fairy tale about an apprentice who causes chaos by using his sorcerer’s powers to invoke magic that he is then unable to control. [Part of the magic of the piece is in the fabulous part that has been given to the bassoons!]
The piece became even more famous when Walt Disney decided to include his star, Mickey Mouse, in a dazzling representation of the story in the film Fantasia in 1938. The music for the film was conducted by Leopold Stokowski of the Philadelphia Orchestra, who once remarked: “The beauty and inspiration of music must not be restricted to a privileged few but made available to every man, woman and child. That is why great music associated with motion pictures is so important, because motion pictures reach millions all over the world”.
Curiously, in his early forties, whilst still composing, Dukas stopped publishing, and before his death he burnt the majority of the products of his labour, thereby robbing the world of a great part of his creative work. | <urn:uuid:2e0c01e2-13de-4d5f-810d-9340dc590910> | {
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Maternal obesity predispose offspring to metabolic disorders and obesity, but the mechanisms are not fully understood, especially during early life. Circular RNA (circRNA) can regulate the expression of target genes through the regulatory pathways of competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA). We hypothesized that the offspring of obese dams exhibit impaired metabolic health through the dysregulated expression of hepatic circRNA.
This article was published in the following journal.
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are abundantly expressed in the haematopoietic compartment, but knowledge on their diversity among blood cell types is still limited. Nevertheless, emerging data indicate an a...
Circular RNA (circRNA) is a type of single-stranded RNA that binds in a closed loop structure by covalent bond. It is highly expressed and has diverse functions in the eukaryotic transcriptome, and it...
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are noncoding RNA molecules that display a perturbed arrangement of exons, called backsplicing. To examine the prognostic and biologic significance of circRNA expression in cy...
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Recent years, circular RNA (circRNA) have been shown to exert vital functions in the pathological progressions of many ...
Non-coding RNA (ncRNA) is a kind of RNA, produced by genomic transcription and does not encode protein, but can regulate the function of genes, thus widely regulating pathological and physiological pr...
This study is to analyze the expression pattern of circular RNA (circRNA), micro-RNA (miRNA) and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) by next-generation sequencing in patients with acute ischemic ...
This study is to analyze the differentiated expression pattern of circular RNA (circRNA), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and micro-RNA (miRNA) by next-generation sequencing in acute ischemic...
This was a prospective bi-centric study, exposed-unexposed. In an effort to better understand the potential independent effect of maternal obesity on fetal growth, we designed a prospectiv...
Existing obesity prevention efforts have had limited success among underserved, low-income children. This study capitalizes on the strengths of a nationwide ongoing Home Visitation Program...
The goal of the Upstate KIDS Study is to track the growth, development and long-term health of children given the increasing use of infertility treatment, occurrence of maternal obesity an...
Compounds that increase the enzymatic activity of LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE. Lipoprotein lipase activators have a potential role in the treatment of OBESITY by increasing LIPID METABOLISM. Note that substances that increase the synthesis of lipoprotein lipase are not included here.
Transmission of genetic characters, qualities, and traits, solely from maternal extra-nuclear elements such as MITOCHONDRIAL DNA or MATERNAL MESSENGER RNA.
A condition of having excess fat in the abdomen. Abdominal obesity is typically defined as waist circumferences of 40 inches or more in men and 35 inches or more in women. Abdominal obesity raises the risk of developing disorders, such as diabetes, hypertension and METABOLIC SYNDROME X.
The opening and closing of ion channels due to a stimulus. The stimulus can be a change in membrane potential (voltage-gated), drugs or chemical transmitters (ligand-gated), or a mechanical deformation. Gating is thought to involve conformational changes of the ion channel which alters selective permeability.
Maternal deaths resulting from complications of pregnancy and childbirth in a given population.
Obesity is the condition in which excess fat has accumulated in the body (mostly in subcutaneous tissues). clinical obesity is considered to be present when a person has a BMI of over 30 (Oxford Dictionary of Medicine). It is becoming increasing common i...
Hepatology is the study of liver, gallbladder, biliary tree, and pancreas, and diseases associated with them. This includes viral hepatitis, alcohol damage, cirrhosis and cancer. As modern lifestyles change, with alcoholism and cancer becoming more promi...
Alternative Medicine Cleft Palate Complementary & Alternative Medicine Congenital Diseases Dentistry Ear Nose & Throat Food Safety Geriatrics Healthcare Hearing Medical Devices MRSA Muscular Dyst... | <urn:uuid:4eece0cd-c462-4e20-a463-9e303da67d5d> | {
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Study Reveals US Skyscrapers Cause Nearly 600 Million Migratory Birds To Die Every Year
Every year a large number of Migratory Birds get killed from collisions with some of the largest skyscrapers of the country, particularly in three cities, and the number is estimated to be as big as 600 million as per the research conducted by the Cornell Lab of Ornithology.
“Chicago, Houston, and Dallas are uniquely positioned in the heart of North America’s most trafficked aerial corridors. This, in combination with being some of the largest cities in the U.S., make them a serious threat to the passage of migrants, regardless of season,” said study lead author Kyle Horton.
The use of artificial night-light in tall buildings including extensively illuminated buildings, streetlights, safety lights, was cited by the researchers as a contributing factor to such a high rate of mortality and not to mention nearly one-half of the contiguous U.S. faces substantial light-pollution at night. It mainly happens during Migratory seasons in spring and fall when birds in billion numbers fly across the nation while traveling between North and South America. The birds usually navigate with the help of natural light from the moon, sun, and stars.
In work published in Frontiers and the Environment, researchers combined satellite data of over two decades measuring migration of birds from across 143 stations and showing light pollution levels with weather radar. It also showed times and locations around the year when the maximum numbers of migrating birds are exposed to light pollution.
The avian light exposure in cities is as high as 24 times the countrywide average as indicated by the results and millions of birds colliding with buildings, power lines, communications towers, and wind turbines fatally. The most dangerous cities rankings change with the season as birds keep changing their migration routes between spring and fall.
Billions of birds fly between the Rocky and Appalachian Mountain ranges in the central U.S during spring, and the cities in the center of these areas are particularly deadly. Los Angeles considered as particularly a dangerous city during massive spring migration along the West Coast. In the meanwhile, fall migrations are most intense along the Atlantic seaboard facing heavy light pollution.
The highest number of birds can occur in just a few days out of the months’ long migrations during spring and fall. The dangerous cities can anticipate half of its bird-migration in a year to pass through in a week only depending on wind conditions, timing and temperature as noted in the study.
It’s not about birds only; the impacts on insects and bats can be similar as well.
These findings will help guide conservation efforts, mainly in urban centers, to lower lights at night. Once we start considering airspace as wildlife habitat in the world, the research presents a “fundamental need to understand” the interaction between organisms and human-made infrastructure.
“Now that we know where and when the largest numbers of migratory birds pass heavily lit areas we can use this to help spur extra conservation efforts in these cities,” said study co-author Cecilia Horton. “For example, Houston Audubon uses migration forecasts from the Lab’s BirdCast program to run ‘lights out’ warnings on nights when large migratory movements are expected over the city.”
Apart from these a quarter of a million birds die from knocking into residential buildings, and in that case, in both urban and rural settings, homeowners can play a part in protecting the avian species.
“If you don’t need lights on, turn them off,” Horton said. “It’s a large-scale issue, but acting even at the very local level to reduce lighting can make a difference. While we’re hopeful that major reductions in light pollution at the city level are on the horizon, we’re excited that even small-scale actions can make a big difference.”
The post Study Reveals US Skyscrapers Cause Nearly 600 Million Migratory Birds To Die Every Year appeared first on Conserve Energy Future.
This post first appeared on Renewable & Non-Renewable Energy Sources - Conserv, please read the originial post: here | <urn:uuid:d1d4582b-1c70-4a19-a9a8-9a2b45b3ffba> | {
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Break Free From Passive Aggression
An In Depth Guide to Combating Passive Aggressive Behaviour
- 7027 Words
- Ages 12 and up
No matter where you live, language you speak, political alignment, what religion, if any, you believe in… one thing is for sure…You would have encountered someone with Passive Aggression...and if you haven’t...maybe that person is you.
In this guide we’ll be discussing what Passive Aggressive Behaviour is, its origins, how this disorder affects people’s lives and how best to combat it.
his guide is meant to be of use for anyone who is keen on developing a better understanding of PAB, to help/support concerned people to discover various methods for helping others, also, to serve passive aggressive people as a tool for self-help.
This guide will inform you of what to look for in yourself or others to determine whether or not you/another is just experiencing few of the characteristics of PAB or if action is needed. [more]
Keywords: Aggression, Passive Aggression, self-help | <urn:uuid:e185f86c-12bc-4aef-ba3a-8557c47876bd> | {
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Bulgaria general info
Territory: 110,987 sq. km. (44,365 sq. mi.)
Population: 8.1 million
Capital: Sofia (pop. 1,114,759)
Bulgaria is situated in south-eastern Europe, in the north-eastern part of the Balkan Peninsula between 41°14' and 44°14' northern latitude and 22°21' and 28°36' eastern longitude. Bulgaria has a territory of 110 911 square kilometres which is 22% of the Balkan Peninsula. Its length is 520 km and its width is 330 km. The overall length of its borders is 2245 km. Bulgaria borders to the north on Rumania (the frontier line runs along the Danube river and continues on land to the north-east), to the south - on Greece and Turkey, to the west - on Serbia and Macedonia (former Yugoslavia) and to the east - on the Black Sea.
The climate in Northern Bulgaria is moderate continental, while the climate in Southern Bulgaria is intermediate continental tending to Mediterranean. The climate in the regions with an altitude of 1900-2000 m above sea level is mountainous and along the Black Sea coast it is maritime. The climate of the seaside regions is milder in the winter and cooler in the summer than the climate of the interior of the country. The average annual temperature is 10,5°C, in winter about 0°C. The lowest temperature - 38,3°C - was measured in 1947.
Marked by four distinct seasons, Bulgaria enjoys a generally favorable climate that is one of the country's best features. Although located at the same latitude as southern New England, Bulgaria's climate is noticeably more temperate. Summers are typically hot and dry, but rarely oppressive, with moderate relative humidity. Winters are cold but not bitterly so. In the south and Black Sea coastal regions, Mediterranean influences temper the harsher continental climate of the interior. The country's half-dozen mountain groups also play a significant part in determining regional variances.
Weather forecast in the Bulgarian beach resorts - Weather on the Black sea coast
Detailed weather information. Yearly average temperature. Current weather conditions. Information is updated every hour.
- Balchik Weather (North Black Sea Coast)
- Albena Weather (North Black Sea Coast)
- Kranevo Weather (North Black Sea Coast)
- Golden sands Weather (North Black Sea Coast)
- Riviera Weather (North Black Sea Coast)
- Sunny day Weather (North Black Sea Coast)
- St.Constantin & Elena Weather (North Black Sea Coast)
- Varna Weather (North Black Sea Coast)
- Kamchia Weather (North Black Sea Coast)
- Obzor Weather (North Black Sea Coast)
- Elenite Weather (South Black Sea Coast)
- St.Vlas Weather (South Black Sea Coast)
- Sunny Beach Weather (South Black Sea Coast)
- Nessebar Weather (South Black Sea Coast)
- Ravda Weather (South Black Sea Coast)
- Pomorie Weather (South Black Sea Coast)
- Bourgas Weather (South Black Sea Coast)
- Sozopol Weather (South Black Sea Coast)
- Duni Weather (South Black Sea Coast)
- Primorsko Weather (South Black Sea Coast)
In the capital, Sofia, daytime high temperatures average 82°F/28°C in July-August; 37°F/3°C in January, and reflect the ameliorating effects of nearby Mt. Vitosha. The wettest months are April-May and November in the interior; June, October and December along the coast. In mid-summer, the coast enjoys prodigious sunshine with daytime high air temperatures averaging 83°F/28°C and water temps ranging around 73-77°F/23-25°C.
Average Beach Climate Parameters
|weekly temperature C°||22||26||29||29||24|
|Night temperature, C°||12||16||17||15||13|
|Sea water temperature, C°||15||19||21||23||20|
|Sunny hours per day||8||10||10||11||8|
|Rainy days per month||7||8||6||3||4|
The population of Bulgaria numbers 8 384 871. The average density of the population is 76,2 people per a square kilometre which is higher than the European norm (66 people per a square kilometre). The number of the town population (68,3%) prevails over the number of the rural population. The birth rate is comparatively low - 10,7%o and the death rate is comparatively high - 12,2%o, which defines the negative population growth of the latest years (-1,5%). The number of the active population has decreased (21,3%) while the number of the non-active population has increased (22,7%). The main part of the population are Bulgarians numbering 7 200 000. Beside them in the country live 800 000 Bulgarian Turks, 300 000 Gypsies and small number of Jews, Armenians, Russians and Greeks. The official religion is Eastern Orthodox which is professed by 86,6% of the population. 13,1% of the population profess Islam and 0,3 profess other kinds of religion.
0-14 years: 16% (male 696,131; female 662,335)
15-64 years: 68% (male 2,756,695; female 2,812,192)
65 years and over: 16% (male 564,698; female 748,375)
(July 1998 est.)
Population growth rate:
-0.6% (1998 est.)
8.08 births/1,000 population (1998 est.)
13.24 deaths/1,000 population (1998 est.)
Net migration rate:
-0.8 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1998 est.)
at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female
Infant mortality rate:
12.78 deaths/1,000 live births (1998 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 71.96 years
male: 68.39 years
female: 75.74 years
Total fertility rate:
1.14 children born/woman (1998 est.)
Bulgarian 85.3%, Turk 8.5%, Gypsy 2.6%, Macedonian 2.5%, Armenian 0.3%, Russian 0.2%, other 0.6%
Bulgarian Orthodox 85%, Muslim 13%, Jewish 0.8%, Roman Catholic 0.5%, Uniate Catholic 0.2%, Protestant, Gregorian-Armenian, and other 0.5%
Bulgarian, secondary languages closely correspond to ethnic breakdown
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 98%
Partly due to its mountainous terrain, Bulgaria's population density is one of the lowest in Eastern Europe, about 81 persons per square kilometer (207/sq. mi.). About two-thirds of the people live in urban areas, compared to one-third in 1956. Sofia, the capital, is the largest city
. Other major cities are Plovdiv-site of a major annual international trade fair, the Black Sea cities of Varna and Burgas, and Ruse on the Danube River. The principal religious organization is the Bulgarian Orthodox Church, to which most Bulgarians belong. Other religions include Islam, Roman Catholicism, Protestantism, and Judaism. Before 1989, religious activity was discouraged by the Bulgarian Communist Party, but its new leadership has pledged to support the rights of all citizens to worship freely.
Bulgarian is the primary language spoken in the country, although some secondary languages closely correspond to ethnic divisions. The most important of these is Turkish, which is widely spoken by the Turkish minority. From 1984-89, the government, in effect, banned the use of the Turkish language in public. The new leadership has repudiated that policy. Russian, which shares the Cyrillic alphabet and many words with Bulgarian, is widely understood.
Education is free and compulsory to age 15. Scientific, technical, and vocational training is stressed.
The official language is Bulgarian and uses only the Cyrillic alphabet. To facilitate tourists, road and direction signs in populated areas, resorts, railway station, airports and along the main highways are also spelled in Roman letters. English, German, French, Russian and other languages are spoken in the country.
Government type: emerging democracy
conventional long form: Republic of Bulgaria
conventional short form: Bulgaria
Data code: BU
Government type: republic
Administrative divisions: 9 provinces (oblasti, singular—oblast); Burgas, Grad Sofia, Khaskovo, Lovech, Montana, Plovdiv, Ruse, Sofia, Varna
Independence: 22 September 1908 (from Ottoman Empire)
National holiday: Independence Day, 3 March (1878)
Constitution: adopted 12 July 1991
Legal system: civil law and criminal law based on Roman law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal
One of the poorest countries of central Europe, Bulgaria has slowly been moving from its old command economy towards a market-oriented economy. The economy faced a major crisis in 1996, marked by a banking system in turmoil, a depreciating currency, and contracting production and foreign trade.
Foreign exchange reserves dwindled to $518 million, while dramatically hiked interest rates added to the domestic debt burden and stifled growth. GDP fell by 11% in 1996, after experiencing 2.0% growth in 1995. Privatization of state-owned industries stagnated, although the first auction of a mass privatization program was undertaken in late 1996. Lagging progress on structural reforms led to postponement of IMF disbursements under a $580 million standby loan agreed to in July 1996.
In November 1996, the IMF proposed a currency board as Bulgaria's best chance to restore confidence in the lev, eliminate unnecessary spending, and avoid hyperinflation. The board was set up on 1 July 1997. Its establishment was followed by a reduction in inflation and interest rates and by a rise in foreign investment. Simultaneously the government pledged to sell off some of the most attractive state assets.
GDP in 1997 dropped 7.4%, but is expected to rebound to an estimated 2% in 1998. Other government objectives include: the completion of land reform, the privatization and strengthening of the banking system, and the modernization of the legal environment of business. | <urn:uuid:046cf00e-486b-4b9d-b761-5eeda030a230> | {
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The GRE or the Graduate Record Examination is an exam conducted by the Educational Testing Service (ETS) which aims to measure the candidate's verbal reasoning, quantitative reasoning, critical thinking and analytical writing skills, that have been developed over a long period of time. The scores of this examination are mandatory to gain admission to most graduate schools in many countries around the world, mainly in the USA.
Generally it is said that GRE scores can make or break an application. An engineering student usually begins the application process in the sixth semester while students pursuing a three-year degree programmes like B.A, B.Com, B.Sc start the process after the completion of the degree. In both cases, since there is little or nothing to be done in terms of academic scores, the GRE assumes enormous importance is the only 'flexible' component in the process.
Typically, a student would take about three months to prepare for the GRE test. However, it is recommended that the student should begin preparations for taking the test even earlier if possible and put in every effort to obtain an excellent score in their first attempt itself. Special effort should be given to the Verbal section of the GRE test as Indian students generally fail to score well in this section. If the student feels that the GRE test score is too low, he/she can retake the test. If retaking the test is not possible, then the students can apply to Universities with their first attempt scores itself.
To better understand the category of Universities that a student can target with their GRE scores and good academic background, the GRE scores are divided into three categories/range:
a. 320 - 340: This score falls in the high range and on obtaining such a score, a student automatically has the option of applying to top universities. A student scoring 320 or above will most certainly have an excellent academic track record and this will allow him/her to apply for renowned and prestigious universities worldwide.
b. 300 - 319: Most students tend to score within this range. Students obtaining such a score can apply to several top universities but would have to balance the list with applications to other universities as well. Students who score in this range have an average to above average academic performance. However, there are instances where a top ranked student with a strong academic record may not be able to crack the GRE test.
c. 299 and below: Scores in this range are considered to be on the lower side and may not be adequate for getting an admission in a university abroad. Students are therefore advised to retake the GRE test or apply to those universities where low GRE scores are accepted or those where the GRE score is not mandatory or has been waived.
All queries regarding the GRE test and application process, particularly important questions like, when to take the test, or whether to retake it if the situation demands it or on issues such as guidance with interpreting test scores and selecting the appropriate universities can be sent to [email protected].
The author of this article, Binita Parekh, leads a team of dedicated and highly qualified counsellors and staff at Beyond Boundaries Education Consulting Services which offers advice and guidance to students for successful applications to prestigious academic institutions, enabling them to achieve and bring their dreams to fruition. | <urn:uuid:51f40ea5-d39e-48be-beb8-1b1eb0cee2d0> | {
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USB 3.1 is the most recent version of the USB (Universal Serial Bus) standard for connecting computers and electronic devices. The USB 3.1 specification takes over the existing USB 3.0’s SuperSpeed USB transfer rate, also referred to as USB 3.1 Gen 1, and introduces a faster transfer rate called SuperSpeed USB 10 Gbps, referred to as USB 3.1 Gen 2, putting it on par with a single first-generation Thunderbolt channel. The new mode’s logo features a caption stylized as SUPERSPEED+. The USB 3.1 Gen 2 standard increases the maximum data signaling rate to 10 Gbit/s (1250 MB/s), double that of SuperSpeed USB, and reduces line encoding overhead to just 3% by changing the encoding scheme to 128b/132b. The first USB 3.1 Gen 2 implementation demonstrated real-world transfer speeds of 7.2 Gbit/s.
USB 3.1 Gen 1 – SuperSpeed, 5 Gbit/s (625 MB/s) data signaling rate over 1 lane using 8b/10b encoding, the same as USB 3.0.
For users of USB 3.1 (SuperSpeed USB), the goal of connecting devices to PCs or notebooks is the same as the USB 2.0 specification (Hi-Speed USB).
How is the USB 3.1 better than other USB ports?
USB 3.1 devices and computers are able to use both of the current plugs: Type-A, The most common and familiar USB connector shape is USB Type-A, which is currently used on the vast majority of computer equipment and peripherals, as well as other devices, including those that utilize its Mini-A and Micro-A variants (see image to the right). Gaining popularity in the mid 90’s, standard USB Type-A connectors are rectangular and have a distinct top and bottom, requiring them to be oriented properly in order to be plugged in, a much-maligned design flaw characteristic. Type-B, the square-shaped plug that’s mostly used for printers, external hard drives. Smaller plugs like Mini USB and Micro USB may not be compatible, so sometimes the expanded USB Micro Type-B is used, as on phones like the Samsung Galaxy S7. This allows for the faster data transfer rate in the USB 3.0 spec, but still lets you use older MicroUSB cables for standard charging and data transfer.
The biggest improvement for the USB 3.1 standard is a boost in data transfer bandwidth of up to 10 gigabits per second. The new SuperSpeed USB specification in Generation 2 of USB 3.1 delivers improved data encoding and efficiency, doubling the speed of the Generation 1 standard (5Gbps). To put it into more practical terms, the contents a fully-loaded 50 gigabyte Blu-Ray disc could be transferred over USB 3.1 Generation 2 in just 38 seconds.
Also, Generation 2 is so new that there are very few devices currently supporting it. The slightly older standard, USB 3.1 Generation 1 only supports speeds of up to 5 gigbits per second, which is the same speed as USB 3.0. USB 3.0 and USB 3.1 Gen 1 are very similar, in fact; the latter is mostly notable thanks to the few Type-C devices that support it as well.
Essentially the maximum raw speed is different:
USB 3.1 gen 2 is up to 10Gb/sec
USB 3.1 gen 1 (aka USB 3.0) is up to 5Gb/sec
USB 2.0 is up to 480Mb/sec
There are not many USB 3.1 gen 2 devices around yet, but there are bound to be more in the future so buying USB 3.1 gen 2 on a PC will help future proof it. For an example of real world speeds with current devices:
Samsung’s T3 SSD uses USB 3.1 gen 1(USB 3.0) and achieves up to 480MB/sec read speeds
Sandisk’s Extreme 900 SSD series uses USB 3.1 gen 2 and achieves up to 850MB/sec read speeds
When buying though note that the new USB type C port doesn’t necessarily support USB 3.1 gen 2. For example the Samsung T3 has USB type C but only supports USB 3.1 gen 1, and many android phones with USB type C only support USB 2.0.
Conversely just because a PC has the traditional USB type A socket doesn’t mean it can’t support USB 3.1 gen 2. In fact some manufacturers use a light blue for a USB type A socket supporting USB 3.1 gen 2, compared to dark blue for USB gen 1.
So check the tech specs! | <urn:uuid:7c35d6b2-9b70-4d75-bf4c-d97958676649> | {
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EPA has developed CREAT, a software tool to assist drinking water and wastewater utility owners and operators in understanding potential climate change threats and in assessing the related risks at their individual utilities. CREAT provides users with access to the most recent national assessment of climate change impacts for use in considering how these changes will impact utility operations and missions. Version 2.0 is now available for download free of charge.
CREAT allows users to evaluate potential impacts of climate change on their utility and to evaluate adaptation options to address these impacts using both traditional risk assessment and scenario-based decision making. CREAT provides libraries of drinking water and wastewater utility assets (e.g., water resources, treatment plants, pump stations) that could be impacted by climate change, possible climate change-related threats (e.g., flooding, drought, water quality), and adaptive measures that can be implemented to reduce the impacts of climate change. The tool guides users through identifying threats based on regional differences in climate change projections and designing adaptation plans based on the types of threats being considered. Following assessment, CREAT provides a series of risk reduction and cost reports that will allow the user to evaluate various adaptation options as part of long-term planning.
Knowledge & Learning
Climate Resilient Development
|Scope / Extension|
Sub-national, Project, & Local/Community level
|Spatial / Geographical Coverage Location|
|Facilitated Learning Avalable|
Facilitated Learning Avalable | <urn:uuid:fc738d2f-8ab1-43d7-be49-835bb475010d> | {
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So, from a technical perspective, what needs to change to make sure we’re getting the most out of the NVMe?
NVMe is a storage protocol that aims to resolve some of the performance bottlenecks that arise when faster storage media meet traditional storage protocols, such as SCSI.
Historically, spinning media has formed the foundation for data storage, with SCSI in various forms, such as SAS or Serial Attached SCSI – the basis of data transfer between storage and server. SCSI is also used in external networks such as Fibre Channel and iSCSI.
The protocol was developed in the days when hard drives were relatively slow compared with main memory. Because hard disk drives (HDDs) were slow to respond – relative to main memory speeds – there was no need for a performance-optimised transfer mechanism.
As we move to flash, that has all changed. Performance figures for HDDs with access times measured in milliseconds are now replaced by flash that is typically measured in microseconds.
In addition, as a solid-state medium with no moving parts, flash offers the ability to handle parallel input/output (I/O) much more effectively than a spinning disk ever could. This means NVMe looks set to replace SCSI as the key protocol for storage.
NVMe is optimised to reduce traffic between device and processor and to improve the parallel nature of I/O by having many more queues to each NVMe-connected device. It is also possible to use NVMe over a network via NVMe-over-fabrics (NVMf).
NVMe and the storage controller
NVMe offers massive potential to improve I/O performance, but what effect will it have on the storage controller and the traditional array architecture?
Modern storage arrays were built around a number of problems that needed to be resolved. As a shared resource, external arrays consolidate capacity, reduce maintenance (servicing the array rather than individual servers) and improve availability (via Raid protection and storage networking). The storage array therefore carries out a number of important tasks around data availability and protection.
Suppliers have designed products to ensure data loss is minimised using software and hardware Raid, distributing data across many devices and scaling to multi-petabytes of capacity.
Key to these is a storage controller – often a redundant pair, in fact – that sits in in front of the storage media and handles I/O, sharing and provisioning capacity, dealing with data protection, and data reduction, for example.
As we move towards the possibility of much improved storage performance, a number of issues arise. One of them has always been lurking, and that is back-end scalability.
Arrays have used proprietary hardware or technical systems such as SAS expanders to provide controller access to potentially hundreds of externally connected drives.
When each SAS-connected HDD could manage less than 200 random input/output per second (IOPS), it was possible to connect many devices at the back end of a storage array, to the controller or through expansion ports and additional disk shelves.
Because all data goes through the controller, SAS adapters have been a potential bottleneck to system throughput. This issue was apparent with the first hybrid and all-flash arrays that had limitations on the number of flash drives that could be supported (as a ratio of overall drives).
The next bottlenecks occur with the ability of the controller to run NVMe drives to their full potential. Modern SAS flash drives can support 300,000 to 400,000 IOPS with up to 2GBps throughput, but put a batch of these drives into a controller and the average performance per drive drops significantly. The problem will be even worse for NVMe, where I/O is vastly more optimised.
This is because even a small number of drives can overwhelm the performance of CPUs in the array controller. This can happen even without additional features such as compression and deduplication that create an additional overhead.
As we move forward to NVMe-enabled systems, users are not going to be happy with data services that introduce additional latency that NVMe was supposed to eliminate.
Fixing the NVMe bottleneck
How can the issues in storage arrays be resolved to make them work more effectively with NVMe?
Software will form a major part in getting the most from NVMe’s capabilities. I/O paths will need to be rewritten to take out inefficiencies that existed but were acceptable in an era of slow storage devices.
These changes will get us part way to using NVMe more effectively, but will still be limited by the I/O path being through one or more controllers. Without the ability to disaggregate, there will still be a storage array bottleneck.
So, the idea of removing the need to channel all data through a central set of controllers could provide the route to fully exploiting NVMe drives.
We can see disaggregation of storage in action already in hyper-converged infrastructure, and storage suppliers are already bringing systems to the market that use this principle.
Excelero, for example, has developed a product that uses RDMA network cards and a high-speed Ethernet network to build out NVMesh, a grid of storage servers that can be used in hyper-converged mode or as a dedicated storage platform. Data transfer can be done between nodes without involving the target node processor, providing for massive scalability.
Datrium has taken a different approach and disaggregated active and inactive data, to deliver low latency I/O from storage local to the compute.
Vexata is another startup bringing disaggregated and parallel storage to the market. Initially the company is selling hardware appliances, but in the long term the focus will be on features in software rather than hardware.
NVMe and the future – no more controllers?
It may well be that the future of storage arrays is not to have controllers at all. Disaggregation promises to resolve the bottlenecks of the controller architecture, but there are lots of challenges here – security, data protection and data optimisation all need to be federated across clients that consume data from the physical storage layer.
The benefits of shared storage may well outweigh the complexities of disaggregation for some time yet. Either way, NVMe is set to radically change storage in an ever-evolving industry.
Read more about NVMe
- Flash pioneer CTO says array controllers are built for a different era and must scale-out as clusters to provide the CPU power needed to allow NVMe to realise its potential.
- NVMe offers to unleash performance potential of flash storage that is held back by spinning disk-era SAS and SATA protocols. We run through the key NVMe deployment options. | <urn:uuid:6a1aab23-5cb1-4577-8c0a-19cdeccb49c0> | {
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verb (used with object), stip·pled, stip·pling.
noun Also stip·pling.
Words nearby stipple
Origin of stipple
OTHER WORDS FROM stipplestip·pler, nounun·stip·pled, adjective
Examples from the Web for stippling
Of course the stippling may be done after the work is dry, but it makes a better appearance if done before the rubbing with oil.Practical Graining|William E. (William Edmund) Wall
This stippling, though everywhere present, is not very strongly marked, and a first hasty glance might overlook it.The Science of the Stars|E. Walter Maunder
The miniatures should be nicely finished without any excessive laboured finish produced by stippling or other similar methods.Illumination and its Development in the Present Day|Sidney Farnsworth
After the stippling the graining may be done in oil by wiping out.Graining and Marbling|Frederick Maire
The best color we reach is got by stippling; but this is not quite right.The Elements of Drawing|John Ruskin | <urn:uuid:0385d7b6-6049-4f0c-9046-64e7dbc4e8b8> | {
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So much happens in the first 18 months of baby’s life. From feeding to sleeping, physical growth and mental leaps – your baby is changing on a daily basis. It can be overwhelming to try and keep up, which is exactly why we’ve broken it down to give you an easily accessible resource based on topic. Of course, this isn’t all- encompassing, and we encourage you to use as many sources as possible to learn all about your little one.
In the Baby Guide, we’ll cover Feeding, Sleeping, Physical Development, and Mental/Emotional Development for full-term newborns up to three months of age.
Previously, we’ve covered:
And now, we’re sharing the info on Sleeping in the – yep, you guessed it – first 3 months. Take a look!
While it may look like baby sleeps a lot in the first three months, don’t let that fool you. The longest stretch a newborn baby usually sleeps is about three hours, day or night. Then they’ll wake up for a feeding and a diaper change. Needless to say, this makes for some long nights.
It does get better, though. Eventually. As the average baby reaches three months, they’ll sleep a little less overall and take fewer naps – but they’ll stay asleep for longer stretches, as much as six hours or so. This is a good time to get bedtime rituals in place, a set of repeat acts that help signal sleep time for baby and give them a chance to wind down. And remember, this is just an example of how much baby may sleep; every baby is different, and yours will sleep the amount that’s perfect for them.
We all know never to wake a sleeping baby, and that’s because we also all know what happens when they don’t get enough sleep. A tired baby is tough enough, but an overtired baby is an altogether different challenge. Wired and fried, they’re fussy and want nothing to do with your consolations. In this case, it’s best to get them down as soon as possible with as little fanfare as possible.
Baby’s in the second and fourth months are at the highest risk for SIDS, or Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. Sleep environmental factors can play a role in increasing the risk of SIDS, so safe sleep practices are key. Think position, location, and surroundings. The American Academy of Pediatrics also suggests two important factors that can greatly reduce the risk: One, baby sleeps in the bedroom with their parents in their own sleep environment and Two, for baby to use a pacifier.
Of course, all of the information in the Sleeping Guide is based on averages and standards. That does not mean anything is wrong if your little one does not fall into this category. Work together with your pediatrician to ensure baby is sleeping well and often enough, and other tips and tricks to helping them get to sleep.« Baby-Led Weaning for Beginners Recipe: No-Bake Bites » | <urn:uuid:6d9f008b-f4a0-4d6a-8172-ed66a46cfb8d> | {
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Publication details for Professor Chris ScarreScarre, Chris (2009). Stony ground: outcrops, rocks and quarries in the creation of megalithic monuments. In Megalithic Quarrying: Sourcing, extracting and manipulating the stones. Scarre, Chris Oxford: Archaeopress. 3-20.
- Publication type: Chapter in book
- ISSN/ISBN: 978 1 4073 0405 2
Author(s) from Durham
In his famous 1872 volume “Rude Stone Monuments” architect James Fergusson commented on the inherently peculiar nature of megalithic architecture, which chose to employ large stone slabs that were frequently unmodified and unshaped. Subsequent studies of the megalithic slabs themselves have focused mainly on their geological origin and the distances over which they had been transported. The materiality of the slabs and they way that they were extracted from their source material has been only rarely addressed, although megalithic ‘quarries’ have occasionally been identified, and the deployment of glacial boulders in North European monuments is a well-known phenomenon. Even beyond the glaciated zone, extensive spreads of natural boulders may have characterised large areas of western Europe during the earlier Neolithic. Some megalithic monuments were built directly from such scattered blocks. In the majority of cases, however, the megalithic slabs can be shown to have been cut away from cliffs and outcrops, exploiting natural fracture planes. Whether quarried slabs or detached boulders, what unites these sources of stone is that they were surface exposures, visible features of the early Neolithic landscape that may already have been places of special significance. | <urn:uuid:714a80eb-3715-4b1f-aa50-235d48da6931> | {
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If you’ve ever been envious of our neighbors to the north and their massive berry production, you don’t have to be. We have the right climate, if not always the right soil, to grow plenty of berries.
Here are some tips from horticulturist Kathy Echols.
- Don’t attempt to grow blueberries in the ground. Our soils are heavy clay and the pH levels are too high. You’ll need a pH of 5 to 5.5, and that’s just easier to achieve in a container.
- Use an acid mix similar to what we use to grow azaleas and other acid-loving plants.
- Expect each berry set to grow to be 4 to 6 feet, so don’t crowd them.
- For best results, plant blueberries in December or January.
- Keep them watered, but not soaked.
- Blueberries like at least six hours of sunshine.
Blackberries and boysenberries
- You should be able to grow these berries in the ground, but they like very rich soil and regular water so establish an irrigation system before planting.
- The berries like to climb, so you’ll need a trellis or other system.
- A new type of blackberry has been established that produces berries twice a year. They bear early, then produce a second crop on new canes.
- If you fear the thorns of boysenberries, look for cultivars that are thornless.
- Strawberries come in day neutral or short day varieties. The day neutral also are called everbearers, and they flower and produce fruit all year, although the bulk of the fruit will be from April through October.
- Amend soil with compost and fertilizer, then cover the soil with a weed block fabric with drip irrigation underneath. Cut an X into the fabric and plant so that the crown of the strawberry is above ground.
- Strawberries have shallow roots and need constant moisture, but the fruit can rot if it rests on wet soil. Strawberries also like lots of sun. | <urn:uuid:c9beb6d8-c063-4174-998d-2c650048b777> | {
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A transition to electric cars is inevitable, but where will the energy come from? Phil O’Neil looks at the possible effects on the renewables sector, from residential solar to charging as an employee benefit.
The world is on the verge of a major upheaval in how energy is produced and consumed, and a significant driver of this is the growing popularity of electric vehicles (EVs).
EVs have the potential to change our lives in ways few can imagine. Based on our research, Advisian believes there will be more than four million EVs on Australian roads by 2035.
Australians have always been early adopters of new technology, and as EVs become available at prices comparable to petrol-fuelled cars, we believe Australia’s enthusiasm for EVs will inevitably grow.
Despite its size, Australia is the most urbanised large country in the world, with the average car travelling just 38km each day. This makes Australia an ideal place for EVs.
Instead of refuelling at a petrol station on the way to or from work, EV owners will more likely drive straight home and plug their cars in for an overnight charge. As their penetration in Australia increases, more and more retailers will offer charging facilities as a means of attracting business. People will choose one cafe, or one employer, over another because it offers free or subsidised vehicle charging.
So what will this shift in consumer behaviour do to Australia’s transport energy markets? And will the much anticipated reduction in greenhouse gases be achieved?
The myth of greenhouse gas reductions
Many new EV owners will believe they are doing their bit to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Unfortunately they will be wrong, at least in the near term.
In Australia, as in most developed economies, EVs will use electricity that comes from coal-fired power stations, drastically limiting the potential GHG savings. EVs will save significant emissions only in Tasmania, where renewable energy currently plays a large role in the energy supply.
If EVs are to deliver the hoped-for GHG emissions savings, increased renewable energy will need to be used to charge them. Here, the most likely scenario seems to be that home solar systems, used in conjunction with large-capacity storage batteries, will drive GHG emissions reductions, and at the same time deliver savings on energy costs to EV users.
The prospect of vehicle owners charging each night from the grid or a battery attached to a home solar system suggests a drop in revenue for the petrol industry. But this is only one area where transport energy markets will see change.
For example, petrol stations could be pushed to offer EV-charging stations alongside liquid fuel pumps. Auto manufacturers could package energy supply with vehicles, the way Tesla does with its Supercharger network. Traditional sales and service centres could disappear in response to online sales and EVs’ low servicing requirements.
Can our infrastructure scale?
While the idea of a great global transition to the new energy future may sound straightforward, countless variables and external influences could slow uptake.
The first question is whether Australia can develop the infrastructure to support the widespread adoption of EVs.
Poor recharging options in Australia have led to doubts about whether EVs are suitable for this country. But Australians were early adopters of petrol vehicles before the installation of widespread refuelling infrastructure. Drivers simply carried extra fuel on long trips.
Similarly, early EV adopters will take home-charger cords with them to recharge at points along a journey. The next generation of affordable EVs will have ranges comparable to petrol vehicles, requiring only highway recharging stations for intercity and interstate trips for those drivers who charge at home.
We will likely see EV charging stations appear at workplaces and shopping centres as employers and retailers take the opportunity to provide a perk for employees or attract shoppers.
Will consumers be able to afford EVs?
Cost and the potential for savings are critical factors in the adoption of any new technology. Consumers need to be convinced of the savings resulting from owning an EV if they are to invest in one.
Using off-peak residential electricity to charge EVs costs less than filling similar vehicles at the petrol pump, offering a saving of more than $30 for 500km of driving.
EVs have large batteries that have the potential to become an energy storage resource and power source for households when the sun isn’t shining on home solar systems.
They also need less maintenance than petrol or diesel cars, making them cheaper to own in the long term.
Will recharging stay cheap?
Just as new manufacturers like Tesla are stepping into the automotive market, new players in the production and distribution of transport energy will push down recharging prices for EVs.
Tesla is already offering owners of most vehicles in its ra
nge free recharging using its Supercharger network. Electricity retailer AGL has announced EV charging for $1 per day.
The next wave of innovation could see vehicle leasing, servicing, energy supply and network support services using EV batteries, combined in an offer that could deliver low-cost, low-carbon motoring for car owners.
Of course, many consumers willing to invest in a new EV will have also committed to a photovoltaic (PV) solar energy system.
If the vehicle spends most of its idle time at home, and you have sufficient solar PV installed, you could provide a significant proportion of your EV charging using self-generated, renewable energy.
For example, a 6kW north-facing solar PV system in NSW could generate about 8,400kWh per year. Based on an average household daily demand of 15kWh, there will still be nearly 3,000kWh of energy available for EV charging. With this much energy you could travel 16,000km in a Tesla Model S.
However, many vehicles spend their idle, daytime periods away from home, at workplaces and in car parks. But this problem can be solved, and two potential solutions present themselves.
First, home-battery storage could match PV output to EV-charging demand. Storing solar-generated power to “time-shift” it to the evening, when EVs are parked at home, could contribute to the financial return on a home-energy storage investment. With declining access to generous feed-in tariffs, the desire to use self-generated electricity more effectively will accelerate the uptake of these “smart” options.
Second, workplace or destination car-park charging using renewable energy could distribute demand more evenly throughout the day. Workplace charging will allow a connection to be maintained potentially all day, while at public places such as shopping centres, a visitor is likely to get a useful top-up for a short period.
Regardless of when and where EV owners choose to charge their vehicles, the low cost of ownership will remain compelling. The highest-value uses for electricity will always be those for which the alternative is most expensive.
Displacing transport-fuel consumption by providing energy to an EV is one such use, with current fuels likely to be two to three times more expensive than off-peak electricity per kilometre travelled.
Phil O’Neil is senior associate, new energy at global advisory firm Advisian and co-author of the latest in Advisian’s New Energy Future series of white papers. This white paper is entitled Electric Vehicles: Disrupting The Energy Mix. Chapters of this paper can be downloaded at http://www.advisian.com/newenergyfuture#chapters | <urn:uuid:42dcdffa-89e0-43b5-89a4-1a8914e8105d> | {
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"If A Man Destroy The Eye Of Another Man, They Shall Destroy His Eye"
Context: The great scholar, translator, and transliterator, Robert Francis Harper, places the monument on which Hammurabi's code is discovered at 2250 B.C. This date has since been revised in the light of other scholarship, but the code remains the oldest and one of the greatest governmental organs of the ancient world. The Biblical "eye for an eye" comes from this, as do most retributive measures: pay in kind for grievances sustained. Although much of the diorite stela, nearly eight feet tall, is defaced, other fragments have been found from which the entire system of law and government was worked out in the First Dynasty. The worshipful king receiving the laws from the sun god recurs later in the reception of the laws by Moses. The passage in which this pronouncement occurs is concerned with physical punishment in private lives:
195If a son strike his father, they shall cut off his fingers.196If a man destroy the eye of another man, they shall destroy his eye.197If one break a man's bone, they shall break his bone. | <urn:uuid:7d26f19a-65d0-492e-872b-720c4337769f> | {
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Report of the conference Tangible Pasts
Report of an international conference, Rotterdam June 6-7 2013
Are the uses of heritage as primary instructional resources in education compatible with critical historical thinking? If so, how can we use heritage in history education? These and other questions were discussed by about 120 people who attended the international conference in Rotterdam, Tangible Pasts? Questioning heritage education. The Centre for Historical Culture (CHC) at Erasmus University and the National Institute for Cultural Education and Amateur Art (LKCA) organised this event. The conference was one of the results of the research program Heritage Education, Plurality of Narratives and Shared Historical Knowledge (2009-2014), funded by the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research and conducted at the CHC with Maria Grever as programme and research leader and Carla van Boxtel as research leader.
After a warm welcome by Dick Douwes, dean of the Erasmus School of History, Culture and Communication, two keynotes speeches started the first day. Maria Grever introduced the conference theme. She pointed out that heritage suggests the idea of bringing history alive, offering possibilities to ‘experience’ and to ‘touch’ the past. Although this ‘sensory experience of history’ might be a successful way of evoking students' historical interest, critical historical thinking concepts are necessary, therefore Grever elaborated different modes of staging ‘historical distance’ in exhibitions and other educational resources for analysing the possible dynamic effects of heritage education. She concluded by giving four conditions for being able to assess the value of heritage education.
Professor Peter Seixas from Canada, founding director of the Centre for the Study of Historical Consciousness, explained the situation in Canada as a multinational country. He showed the complexity of Canadian history, often being projected on varying dates in the past. Seixas is the initiator of the famous Historical Thinking Project that contains six concepts of historical thinking, such as continuity and change, cause and consequence, evidence and significance. Despite great differences in the quality of school history in various countries, the increasing international research on the didactics of history education is hopeful.
After an interesting discussion with these two, the conference continued with the different paper sessions. Each session focused on various central questions: What are students’ diverse backgrounds and how do they react to ‘sensitive’ heritage? How can you mediate between different dissonant perspectives? Through what kind of strategies do heritage institutes construct distance and proximity and how does this relate to the making of identities? In the afternoon it was possible to attend a panel on heritage in a digital environment or follow a workshop. In the workshops museums showed some ‘good practices’ of using heritage in education. Moreover, the relation between historical accuracy, museum goals and public expectations was explored. The day ended with a keynote talk by Peter Andersson from Sweden on national history museums. Furthermore, Stephan Klein, member of the CHC research team, launched his beautiful educational website Slave Trade in the Atlantic World.
The second day started with the keynotes papers of Bruce Van Sledright from the United States and Carla van Boxtel. Van Sledright explained that history education in the US was in fact ‘heritage education’ due to its uncritical manner of remembering several heroic events and persons. Van Boxtel offered various concrete opportunities of integrating heritage in history education. She also spoke about ‘heritage education’ however, with a different meaning. She showed how heritage can be used in order to improve historical thinking, to support historical imagination, historical inquiry and reasoning. Furthermore, historical objects can give more insight into the relation between past and present.
In the afternoon these time levels were an important topic. What are the consequences of making identities based on this past-present relationship, and what of heritage itself? Which perspectives are present in World War II heritage - perpetrators or victims? To what extent does affection constrain or encourage understanding and learning? The afternoon offered an optional programme, full of sessions, workshops and a panel on how to professionalise history teachers and museum educators. At the end of the day, Brenda Trofanenko from Canada summarised the whole conference. Due to the variety of themes, she focused on the use of objects in history education and the balances between distance and proximity. She also stressed that it ‘warmed her heart’ that so many different disciplines and countries were gathered in Rotterdam.
The conference ended with lively discussions: the results of Tangible Pasts? Questioning heritage education were already tangible. People from different countries talked to each other and they explained to me that it was important ‘to speak the same language’ in order to overcome the differences between the various disciplines. Indeed this variety was quite exceptional, as were the encounters between public history experts and academic scholars. Museum educators, teachers and researchers agreed that it was indeed possible to combine heritage with history education. It all depends on the questions that are used and on the professional training of educators and teachers.
The conference ended with lively discussions: the results of Tangible Pasts? Questioning heritage education were already tangible. People from different countries talked to each other and they explained to me that it was important ‘to speak the same language’ in order to overcome the differences between the various disciplines. Indeed this variety was quite exceptional, as well as the encounters between public history experts and academic scholars. Museum educators, teachers and researchers agreed that it was indeed possible to combine heritage with history education. It all depends on the questions that are used and on the professional training of educators and teachers.
Tina van der Vlies (Erasmus University Rotterdam)
Click here for the conference photo gallery. | <urn:uuid:52a2584d-7171-4e5f-a3ec-edfb85384bb9> | {
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January 21, 2019
Some thoughts about the historical origins of European integration
The AfD is fast becoming the German Brexit party although it has not yet officially endorsed the position. The controversy is not whether to leave but how and when. The rhetoric of party leader Alexander Gauland leaves no doubt about the overall direction. He portrays the EU as a totalitarian apparatus in the tradition of Napoleon (as seen by Gauland) and the Nazis.
Jaspar von Altenbockum offers an intelligent discussion of the purported link between European integration and national socialism in a comment in FAZ - an explosive connection to make which has long been subject to a fringe discussion, including among historians. The fear of European integration becoming a conduit for German domination of Europe was certainly a prominent factor in the UK's process fo alienation from Europe, but we note it played no prominent role in the Brexit campaign. Altenbockum dissects the ludicrous claim that EU integration is but the continuation of the Nazi's plan for European domination under the guise of integration with greater forensic force than we are able to do justice to in this short summary. But we fully agree with his main conclusion that the historical origins of the idea of European integration do not date back to Napoleon or Hitler, but to the Thirty Year's War 1618-1648.
Where we disagree with him is in his attempt to seek equidistance between the position of the far right and the far left. Altenbockum argues that the Left was equally guilty of instrumentalising Hitler by using him to make the positive case for European integration. He quotes Austrian author Robert Menasse as making a moral case for European integration based of the atrocities committed by the Nazis.
We think this is a rather strange and unfair line of attack - one that spoils an otherwise good argument. Unlike the AfD, the Far Left in Germany is split on whether or not to support European integration. We think Altenbockum is quite wrong in associating the Left alone with Menasse's argument. We recall that Adenauer and Kohl and other Christian Democrats made the case for European integration very much on the same lines. After WW II, German Social Democrats were initially more reluctant pro-Europeans than the Christian Democrats, and as Martin Schulz' election campaign in 2017 showed , Europe still has a certain alien quality to some sections of the SPD. The case for integrating Europe to avert war and dictatorship is not a left-wing argument. | <urn:uuid:934b0df0-ca56-4807-bd60-29f905c8c63d> | {
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Pygmy Killer Whale
About The Species
Despite its common name, the pygmy killer whale is a small member of the oceanic dolphin family. They are often confused with false killer whales and melon-headed whales. This species is found primarily in deep waters throughout tropical and subtropical areas of the world. Until a live animal was discovered in 1954, pygmy killer whales were known only from two fossil skulls for over a century. Not much is known about them, and they are considered naturally rare.
Although they face threats from entanglement in fishing gear, pygmy killer whales in the United States are not endangered or threatened. Like all marine mammals, they are protected under the Marine Mammal Protection Act..
NOAA Fisheries estimates population size for each stock of pygmy killer whale in its stock assessment reports. A stock is a group of animals that occupy the same area and interbreed. There are three recognized stocks in the United States: Hawaii, northern Gulf of Mexico, and western North Atlantic.
CITES Appendix II
- Throughout Its Range
- Throughout Its Range
Pygmy killer whales can reach a length of 8.5 feet and weigh up to 496 pounds. They are about 2.6 feet long as newborns and reach adulthood at 6.5 feet. They have a small head with a rounded melon (or forehead) that extends in front of the mouth, and they have no discernable beak. Their dorsal fin is relatively large and tall and is located behind the mid-back. They have relatively long, pointed, tapering flippers (pectoral fins), and their body is dark gray to black with some small white areas on the lips and belly. They have a fairly prominent, narrow cape that dips only slightly below the dorsal fin and a light gray ventral band.
Pygmy killer whales are easily confused with melon-headed whales because of their similar appearance. The best ways to distinguish between the two species are the pygmy killer whale’s frequent paired white tooth rakes, and the clear demarcation between the pygmy killer whale’s darker cape and lighter lateral pigmentation.
Behavior and Diet
Pygmy killer whales usually occur in groups of 12 to 50 individuals but have been seen in groups up to several hundred individuals. Both sexes may remain in their birth groups throughout their lives. They are generally less active than other oceanic dolphins and are frequently seen "logging"—resting in groups at the surface with all animals oriented the same way.
Pygmy killer whales are very aggressive when kept in captivity. They feed primarily on squids and fishes.
Where They Live
Pygmy killer whales prefer deeper areas of warmer tropical and subtropical waters where their prey is concentrated. They have a circumglobal range from 40 degrees North to 35 degrees South. They may occasionally occur relatively close to shore around oceanic islands. In the United States, they can be found in Hawaii, the northern Gulf of Mexico, and the western North Atlantic. In Hawaii, there are resident populations off Oahu, Penguin Bank, and Hawaii Island.
Lifespan & Reproduction
Reproductive biology is poorly known in this species. Its estimated lifespan is unknown.
Entanglement in Fishing Gear
Pygmy killer whales can become entangled or captured in commercial fishing gear, such as gillnets, though there is no reported bycatch from U.S. fisheries.
Underwater noise pollution can interrupt the normal behavior of pygmy killer whales, which rely on sound to communicate. As ocean noise increases from human sources, communication space decreases—the whales cannot hear each other, or discern other signals in their environment as they do in an undisturbed ocean.
Sound can disturb important activities, such as feeding, migrating, and socializing. Scientific research has documented that ocean noise also causes marine mammals to change the frequency or amplitude of their calls, decrease foraging behavior, become displaced from preferred habitat, or increase the level of stress hormones in their bodies. If loud enough, noise can cause permanent or temporary hearing loss.
Like all marine mammals, the pygmy killer whale is protected under the Marine Mammal Protection Act. NOAA Fisheries is working to conserve this species to ensure populations remain stable.
Reducing Interactions with Fishing Gear
Pygmy killer whales can be entangled or caught as bycatch in fishing gear, such as gillnets. NOAA Fisheries is committed to minimizing bycatch in U.S. fisheries to ensure they remain sustainable and to protect species such as the pygmy killer whale.
Overseeing Marine Mammal Health and Stranding Response
We work with volunteer networks in all coastal states to respond to marine mammal strandings. When stranded animals are found alive, NOAA Fisheries and its partners assess the animal’s health and try to return it to the water. When stranded animals are found dead, our scientists work to understand and investigate the cause of death. Although the cause often remains unknown, scientists can sometimes identify strandings due to disease, harmful algal blooms, vessel strikes, fishing gear entanglements, pollution exposure, and underwater noise. Some strandings can serve as indicators of ocean health, giving insight into larger environmental issues that can have implications for human health and welfare.
Addressing Ocean Noise
Increasing evidence suggests that exposure to intense underwater sound in some settings may cause some cetaceans to strand and ultimately die. NOAA Fisheries is investigating all aspects of acoustic communication and hearing in marine animals, as well as the effects of sound on behavior and hearing. In 2016, we issued technical guidance for assessing the effects of anthropogenic sound on marine mammal hearing.
Pygmy killer whales are protected under the MMPA.
Key Actions and Documents
Incidental Take Authorization: Scripps Institute of Oceanography Low-Energy Geophysical Survey in the South Atlantic Ocean
Incidental Take Authorization: U.S. Navy Hawaii-Southern California Training and Testing (HSTT) (2018-2023)
Incidental Take Authorization: Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory Marine Geophysical Survey in the North Pacific Ocean
Incidental Take Authorization: U.S. Navy Operations of Surveillance Towed Array Sensor System Low Frequency Active (SURTASS LFA) Sonar (beginning in
NOAA Fisheries conducts a variety of research on the biology, behavior, and ecology of pygmy killer whales. The results of this research are used to inform management decisions and enhance protection efforts for this species.
Determining the size of pygmy killer whale populations helps resource managers gauge the success of NOAA Fisheries’ conservation measures. Our scientists collect and present these data in annual stock assessment reports.
NOAA Fisheries conducts research cruises to collect information on pygmy killer whale stocks, such as habit preferences and feeding ecology. For example, the NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center conducted a Hawaiian Islands Cetacean and Ecosystem Assessment Survey in 2017 and recorded sightings of pygmy killer whales and other cetaceans in the area. These studies help us estimate the abundance of these animals and can be used in management actions to protect them.
Our research also focuses on acoustics—the physics of the properties of sound. We study the basic acoustic behavior of cetaceans and fish, mapping the acoustic environment and finding better ways to find cetaceans using acoustic technologies. Our acoustic research also assesses the degree to which human-caused activities are changing the underwater soundscape, how these changes may potentially impact marine animals, and what measures can be taken to mitigate these potential impacts. | <urn:uuid:ba5c97c3-70a3-4abc-bf4b-3decee859536> | {
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A persistent identifier (PID) acts as a standard, invariant and long-term reference of a digital resource, regardless of their status, their location or their current owner. Although, several EU Member States already have governance structures, processes, standards, guidelines and tools to create, maintain, manage and use persistent identifiers in their respective Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDI), their approaches are different and are at different levels of maturity. That is why the implementation of persistent identifiers for spatial objects is one of the most immediate challenges in the implementation of the INSPIRE Directive.
The first reference to the concept of PID in INSPIRE legislation is included in the article 8 (2) of the INSPIRE Directive. This article says that, in the case of spatial data sets corresponding to one or more of the themes listed in Annex I or II, the implementing rules shall include “a common framework for the unique identification of spatial objects, to which identifiers under national systems can be mapped in order to ensure interoperability between them”.
What is the purpose of this frame? To sum up:
- Identify or locate spatial objects by means of PID.
- Management of the cycle of life of spatial objects.
- Support reutilisation providing a PID for each resource.
- Define an interoperability framework among the different national systems of spatial objects identification.
Commission Regulation (EU) No 1089/2010, implementing Directive INSPIRE as regards interoperability of spatial data sets and services, defines in articles 9 and 10 how the model for PIDs must be. Experts responsible for technical aspects of INSPIRE recommend the use of HTTP URI to implement PID spatial objects.
Commission Regulation (EC) No 976/2009 implementing Directive INSPIRE as regards the Network Services determine location services must allow metadata searches by means of the spatial object PID.
In addition, view services must provide the PID of the resource used to create each layer. Finally, download services must also use these PIDs to show which datasets or specific spatial object is going to be downloaded.
However, in spite of the different references and recommendations about PIDs in INSPIRE, as it is stated in the study on RDF & PIDs for INSPIRE: State-of-Play for the project ARE3NA, it doesn´t exist a strategy for the governance of Persistent Identifiers (PIDs) shared for all the Member Estates and the European Commission. There is only a mention about the necessity of creating a common framework. Reports as Governance of Persistent Identifiers must be considered as a basis to create debate about the governance of PIDs in the frame of INSPIRE.
In Spain, the technical Standard on Interoperability of information resources reuse (NTI RRI) states in its part IV that reusable information resources will be identified by means of unique and unambiguous references using HTTP URI.
The need of defining a PID model adjusted to the legal framework outlined by INSPIRE and the NTI RRI, together with the broad variety of technical and organizational alternatives available, make PID a subject of great technical complexity and with important practical consequences in medium and long term.
Presently, GeoSLab is working together with the University of Zaragoza and the National Centre of Geographic Information (CNIG) in the definition and development of a system to assign and manage PIDs of spatial objects and datasets according to INSPIRE. A first prototype of this system was showed at the last edition of JIIDE 2016 and INSPIRE Conference 2016. The outcomes make us confident in the feasibility of the proposed solution and will serve as a basis to be evolved along this year. | <urn:uuid:d8ab790f-035c-4d79-baab-2e61ca845449> | {
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The Bible ABC Activity Book: Hands-on Bible Fun for Ages 4-11
This full-color book includes pages children add to in order to build their own hands-on book of important Bible concepts. For example, on the “A for Adam ate the fruit” page, children tape a bush in the garden of Eden and hide the serpent behind it. They can then take the serpent out and make it say, “Ye hath God said …?” On the “C for Christ crucified on a cross” page, the children put their “sins” on Christ and wash them away with His blood. On the “G for gift of God” page, students make a gift they can “open” to reveal the cross and empty tomb inside. Once made, children will want to read and interact with their books over and over again.
The Teacher Manual that accompanies this book is required as it includes all of the patterns necessary to build each page. In addition, it includes scripted lessons, patterns for more than a dozen fun file folder games, memory verse cards, and many more hand-on activities and crafts that make the Bible come alive. | <urn:uuid:95f2d6d8-f362-4c4f-bdca-e83abe8f67e6> | {
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Solar Power Systems
Not all solar power systems are alike. There are several key variables which affect how much power they create, how long they last and what return on your investment they’ll provide.
One of our accredited engineers will visit you home before designing your system. The final design will take into account specific elements such as:
YOUR ELECTRICITY USAGE – Also known as the load on your system, this considers size of property and appliances that will be connected such as hot water tank, lights, washing machines, dishwashers, television, computers, etc;
ROOF SIZE AND ORIENTATION;
ACCESS TO LOCAL DATA – For accurate predictions on solar energy potential;
AESTHETICS – So the panels blend in and your property looks appealing.
Future planning – For example if you’d like to consider adding a battery at a later date when the prices come down.
Once these are known, the designer will consider which components you need in your power system and how to combine them for maximum output.
For grid-connected solar without batteries, the components will include:
SOLAR PANELS – These will generally be fitted onto your roof where they will convert sunlight into DC electricity.
INVERTER – This converts the DC from your panels or into an AC current which can you be used in your home or business or fed back into grid line.
For off-grid and/or battery systems you’ll also need:
ADDITIONAL ENERGY SOURCES – Such as a diesel generator or another renewable energy source like a wind turbine.
BATTERY STORAGE – So you can use solar power at night as well as during sunlight hours.
SOLAR CHARGE CONTROLLER – To regulate the voltage and current from the panels into the battery to prevent it from overcharging and prolong battery life.
The designer will choose components and system size that meet your energy needs. This ensures you generate enough energy but don’t overspend on a more powerful system than required. The engineer bases the design on careful calculations and an in-depth understanding of the output of different components.
Get in Touch
Thinking of going solar in your home or business?
Are you considering going solar and wondering about the best approach for you? Talk to an independent solar expert now. We’ll be happy to offer you a free home visit to discuss your needs and work out a quote. Read what our customers say about us here or see our reviews on Google. | <urn:uuid:5267a753-9f81-4c3a-8d5c-b2c6b95fd7ee> | {
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A Texas A&M University geography student starts discussing her research on rip currents by describing a day at the beach - and Michael Phelps' swimming speeds.
The three-minute presentation is not intended for her fellow scientists. Instead, she's hoping to distill down her research – for example, by comparing the speed of a rip current to how fast the Olympian can swim – so that anyone can understand it.
"I'm able to calculate daily maps of potential rip current locations," said the student, Sarah Trimble, at a competition in which students explain their work for outsiders. "The National Weather Service may soon be able to offer you a map of predicted locations of rip currents and their strengths…and just by chance, it may say across the bottom, brought to you by research from Texas A&M."
Houston and Texas universities have long invested in research in science, technology, engineering and mathematics. But a new push on these campuses encourages faculty and students to better communicate their findings. The push comes amid surveys showing eroding Republican support for higher education and a social climate that casts academics as elitist and out of touch.
DIVERSITY: Gender, diversity gaps persist in STEM
Workshops, classes and conferences at Texas colleges and universities encourage STEM researchers to ditch technical or complicated jargon so broader audiences can understand the importance of what they do.
"We haven't done a really good job in communicating why it's important for your taxes to fund this research," said Carolyn Nichol, who directs Rice University's office of STEM Engagement. "(Research is) going to help you be healthy, or have a faster phone or have clean drinking water. The pace of research is accelerating, but I think showing that the research really matters is something that scientists may have not thought about in the past."
Trimble, who studied rip currents at A&M before graduating late last year, said there's a more basic motivator.
"If I am given this awesome opportunity in my career, I want to make sure it's going to be used by someone, somewhere, somehow," she said. "If I'm going to pour in hours and years and lots of sweat and tears, when I finally find an answer or move closer to finding an answer, I want to communicate (it)."
Teaching how to be clear
In March, Rice and the University of Houston are co-hosting a second-annual workshop on the communication of science, and Texas A&M's science students are required to take two writing-intensive or communication-intensive courses.
At Rice, a STEM outreach class launched last September encourages students to make their work clear enough that a fourth-grader could understand it.
Some Texas graduate students - from College Station to Austin to Huntsville - compete in a competition called the three-minute thesis, encouraging sharp communication skills.
This level of activity abounds on Texas' campuses. Faculty members have pursued individual projects ranging from UH's work on nanotechnology solutions to purify water to Rice's work on gene therapy. UH, UH-Downtown and Rice have entered the field of data science, a burgeoning area that they say can impact Houston industry. Universities across the state and region are deep in projects related to Hurricane Harvey and its aftermath.
But this work cannot make a difference without scientists learning perhaps a more basic skill - communication - said Thuy Le, a UH chemical and molecular engineering student who is organizing the March science communication conference at UH and Rice.
"Scientists and researchers are viewed as elitists," she said. "The public doesn't understand how pervasive STEM is in their lives."
Recent surveys found that many white Americans, Republicans and right-leaning respondents believe higher education had a negative effect in the country and that college is a "risky gamble."
Meanwhile, politicians at the state and federal level questioned how much to invest in and how to tax higher education institutions this year.
Texas lawmakers threatened to strip back state funding, though in the final budget, the state's biggest research universities remained unscathed.
Encouraging good communication is crucial in light of this "anti-science" social climate, said Barbara Gastel, a Texas A&M veterinary investigative biosciences professor. Writing is a survival skill, she said.
Lindsay Ellis writes about higher education for the Chronicle. You can follow her on Twitter and send her tips at [email protected]. | <urn:uuid:df914901-4b8f-42df-a1ce-ce598983c0ff> | {
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homelandand nominal republic, E South Africa, in what is now Eastern Cape prov. Transkei was bounded by the Great Kei River on the south, by the Indian Ocean on the east, by Natal (now Kwazulu-Natal) on the north, and by Lesotho on the northwest. Two exclaves were separated from the main territory, in the northwest by Cape Province and in the northeast by Natal. The capital and main city was Umtata (now Mthatha).
Part of the Drakensberg Range was in W Transkei. Much of the former territory of the homeland is hilly or mountainous, and there is little good farmland. Most of the area's inhabitants speak a Xhosa language. Roughly two thirds of the Transkei's income was provided by the South African government, and all trade was conducted through South Africa.
Sections in this article:
The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved.
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Conventional economic growth theory assumes that technological progress is exogenous and that resource consumption is a consequence, not a cause, of growth. The reality is different and more complex. A "growth engine" is a positive feedback loop involving declining costs of inputs and increasing demand for lower priced outputs, which then drives costs down further, thanks to economies of scale and learning effects.In a competitive environment prices follow. The most important "growth engine" of the first industrial revolution was dependent on coal and steam power. The feedback operated through rapidly declining fossil fuel and mechanical power costs.The growth impetus due to fossil fuel discoveries - oil followed coal - and new applications continued through the 19th century and into the 20th, with internal combustion engines, and - most potent of all - electrification. The advent of ever cheaper electricity in unlimited quantities has triggered the development of a whole range of new products and industries, including electric light, radio and television, moving pictures, and the whole modern information sector. The electrification of the US economy constitutes an extreme case of the "rebound effect".The authors argue that the "rebound effect" in this case (and others) has been, in fact, the main driver of economic growth during the 19th and 20th centuries. It follows that dematerialization is unlikely to be compatible with growth. This poses important questions for the future of the world economy. | <urn:uuid:2364fe1d-44c2-4c70-8e84-0f88a1c6be1c> | {
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Anchored gabion reinforced soil wall is considered to be more structurally stable than steel-frame-faced reinforced soil wall. In previous studies, apparent cohesive strengths of earth-retaining structures with horizontal reinforcement as well as soilbags which have similar reinforcement effects as gabions were evaluated. However, the effect of the different type of wall facing has not been fully estimated. A series of multi-stage loading tests were done on earth-retaining structure with anchored gabion-faced structure and steel-frame-faced structure. As a result of the tests, it was confirmed that the anchored gabion-faced structure recorded higher performance to withstand horizontal load exerted by the earth pressure. Moreover, the amount of contribution given by the anchored gabion-faced structure to the apparent cohesive strength was evaluated by Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion. When FEM analysis was conducted, it was concluded that further investigation on analytical parameters are needed to accurately replicate the test results.
It is important to examine the frictional resistance between a reinforcement and backfill soil used for steel strips-reinforced soil walls, because it is one of the main parameters regulating the wall design. The fine content of soil has generally been evaluated to determine availability of backfill soil. However, it has not been possible to evaluate the actual frictional characteristic of reinforced soil walls with different backfill soil materials on each construction site. In this study, we developed a small and simplified pull-out test apparatus that can be used to evaluate the friction characteristic of steel strips-reinforced soil walls for the use of construction site. We also confirmed the reliability of our developed testing as compared with the field pull-out tests. Furthermore, we propose a method for evaluating the friction characteristics of backfill materials on site before construction, in order to ensure required quality.
Evaluation method of the montmorillonite content of the bentonite was investigated based on methylene blue (MB) adsorption tests. The accuracy of simple MB adsorption test, so-called the spot method, was investigated by a blind-prediction test using montomorillonite-sand mixtures. As results, the standard error of the spot method was within 2 mmol/100g when same experimental tools were used. Furthermore, the amount of MB adsorbed obtained by the spot method was corresponding to the saturated amount of MB adsorbed obtained by the spectrometry method, which is a precise measurement method. These results suggest that the saturated amount of MB adsorbed can be determined by the spot method. The saturated amount of MB adsorbed on the collected montmorillonite of Ca-type bentonite, the particle diameter under 0.2 μm, was determined as 150.5 – 151.2 mmol/100g. The montmorillonite content of the bentonite was 75.7 – 76.7 %. This was different from the calculated value using 140 mmol/100g as the saturated amount of MB adsorbed on pure montmorillonite, which was commonly used for evaluating the montmorillonite content in many previous studies. These results imply that it is necessary to use the saturated amount of MB adsorbed on the montmorillonite collected from each bentonites in order to accurately evaluate the montmorillonite content for estimation of the permeability and swelling pressure of the bentonite. | <urn:uuid:14c094d3-0958-47aa-a10d-82c948cefbeb> | {
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How did Bayeux France find itself at the heart of two invasions that shaped world history that took place nearly 1000 years apart? An accident of geography locates Bayeux just a few miles from the Northern coast of France. Bayeux France is famous for the Bayeux Tapestries (a UNESCO world heritage listing) commemorating the Norman invasion of England by William the Conqueror in 1066. Conversely, Bayeux is also the first city liberated in France from the Nazis in 1944 during World War II. Among the cool things to do in Bayeux France are visiting the 900+ year old Bayeux Cathedral, the Bayeux Tapestry Museum and the Bayeux war cemetery.
- 1 What Makes Bayeux France Special?
- 2 5 Cool Things to Do in Bayeux France
- 3 Getting to Bayeux Normandy
What Makes Bayeux France Special?
The ancient city of Bayeux Normandy is nearly 2000 years old. Along this epic timeline you had the Gauls, the Romans, the Saxons, the Vikings, the Normans, the English, the French, the Germans, the Allied Forces and the French again.
The town of Bayeux is very pretty with cobblestone streets, half-timbered houses and mellowed stone buildings. Its buildings survived the carnage inflicted on other towns during World War II because it was the first big town to be liberated by the Allied Forces on the morning of the 7th June 1944 – the day after D-Day. With the arrival of General de Gaulle’s French forces on June 14, Bayeux was briefly the capital of Free France until the liberation of Paris!
Bayeux is famous for the Bayeux Tapestries which depicts the Norman conquest of England. Having escaped relatively unscathed from World War II, the town is full of medieval buildings. The River Aure flows through the centre of Bayeux and adds to its charm.
5 Cool Things to Do in Bayeux France
There are plenty of things to do in Bayeux France apart from soaking in its small city charm especially if you are a history buff.
Bayeux Tapestry Museum
The Bayeux Tapestries shows the events leading up to the conquest of England by William the Conqueror and his Norman forces in 1066.
The Bayeux tapestry facts
The Bayeux tapestry scenes are great propaganda starting well before the Norman invasion and depict William as a fine upstanding friend of Harold.
King Harold reneges on his promise made at Bayeux that William would be his successor. What is a Norman-mere-generations-removed-from-his-Viking-ancestors to do? Invade, of course. King Harold had it coming.
Although the Bayeux Tapestry was supposedly woven by William the Conqueror’s wife, Matilda and her ladies-in-waiting at the end of 11th century, in all likelihood the needlework was done by monks in England. William the Conqueror’s half-brother, Bishop Odo, commissioned it for the Bayeux Cathedral.
The Bayeux Tapestry in France was almost destroyed during the French Revolution when it was used as a wagon cover!
The Bayeux tapestry length is remarkable – 70 meters long and 50 centimetres high with 58 separate scenes.
William’s invasion of England was the last time anyone was able to successfully invade the country. Fascinated with the Bayeux Tapestry in France, the Nazis were on a mission to proved that it was people of Germanic ancestry who invaded (not the Normans) as part of their goal for European domination.
Bayeux Tapestry Location
The Bayeux tapestry location has changed over the years. The Bayeux Tapestries would originally have been displayed in the nave of the Bayeux cathedral but now is in a museum in the centre of town.
Bayeux Tapestry Scenes
I thought the Bayeux tapestry scenes were amazing, propaganda or not. The amount of detail on the Bayeux tapestries is astounding. It’s easy to tell that war in any century was a gruesome event. The colours, moreover, are still vibrant, especially for embroidery that is over 900 years old.
You are given an audio guide which explains the Bayeux tapestry scenes very well. You are rushed through the visit, however, because the commentary is fairly speedy and there is no pause button on the audio guide.
Moreover, you are on a walkway in the Bayeux Tapestry Museum similar to what is done for the crown jewels at the Tower of London. Presumably, the Bayeux Tapestry Museum needs to keep people moving in periods of heavy visitor numbers.
The Bayeux Cathedral, Notre Dame de Bayeux, is a large gothic structure in the center of the old town.
Dedicated to local hero, William the Conqueror, who was present at its consecration in 1077, Bayeux Cathedral has elements dating back to the 11th century. There are guided tours of Bayeux Cathedral available during the summer.
The Bayeux cathedral was meant as a place of worship for religious people, such as the priests and monks. As such, the cathedral has very few stained glass windows. Presumably Sainte Chapelle in Paris is full of stained glass because the king liked it even though he knew his catechism.
This giant bell, named Therese-Benedict, is a recent addition to the Bayeux Cathedral . Installed for the 70th anniversary of the Battle of Normandy, this bell has special significance because it has been 156 years since a bell has been replaced.
Therese-Benedict rang for the first time at the Bayeux Cathedral on the 14th of June 2013 during the height of the 70th anniversary celebrations.
Bayeux War Cemetery Bayeux
The Bayeux War Cemetery is a British cemetery holding the remains of 4000+ soldiers (both British and other nationalities) who died during the Battle of Normandy.
The Bayeux war cemetery is the largest British Commonwealth cemetery from World War II in Europe.
Why did the Bayeux cemetery get designated for the British war dead? The nearest D-Day landing spot would have been Gold Beach which was the assigned landing spot for the British forces (along with some other Allied forces such as the Polish and and the Dutch).
Although there was little fighting in Bayeux itself, the Bayeux British cemetery is the resting place of many who died in the region. Located just outside of the town, the Bayeux cemetery has had a major facelift with brand new tombstones and landscaped grounds. The Bayeux War Cemetery is a fitting tribute to the brave men who sacrificed their lives for the greater good.
Battle of Normandy Museum Bayeux
The Memorial Museum of the Battle of Normandy commemorates the events from the Battle of Normandy – an event that spanned 3 months from June until August 1944.
You can’t miss the Bayeux museum of the battle of Normandy – just look for the tanks sitting in front!
The Old Town of Bayeux
Despite being in the thick of the action for hundreds of years, Bayeux France is remarkably well preserved with many charming buildings dating from the 16th through the 19th centuries. We’re talking half-timbered houses, cobblestone streets, water mills, canals and a street market which combine to create a picture perfect little town that is compact and easy to walk.
The city itself was not destroyed because of the foresight of the British during World War 2 who built a by-pass road that skirted the city and was used for transporting soldiers and weapons. Nearby cities like Caen were not so fortunate and were heavily bombed which result in much less historic charm.
Getting to Bayeux Normandy
Bayeux is not overly touristy. It only gets about 1 million visitors a year. Getting from Paris to Bayeux by train is relatively straight forward.
The Paris to Bayeux train connection has around 7 direct trains a day during the week (less on the weekends). You take the Paris to Bayeux train from Paris St Lazare station. The journey by direct train takes a little over 2 hours.
The Bayeux train station is located a short walk from town and there are also taxis available at the station.
You can easily combine a trip to Bayeux with visits to the D-Day landing beaches. It is only 14 miles from Bayeux to Omaha Beach if you would like to visit and are staying in Bayeux. You can get from Bayeux to Omaha Beach by bus (about an hour on Line 70) or taxi (about 20 minutes).
SPREAD THE WORD! PIN THIS TO YOUR TRAVEL PINTEREST BOARDS FOR FUTURE REFERENCE!
This site generates income via partnerships with carefully-curated travel and lifestyle brands and/or purchases made through links to them at no extra cost to you. More information may be found on our Disclosure Policy. | <urn:uuid:5f8954f0-e6b5-4f3d-8794-b608f57103b1> | {
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Reverse paddling is an important kayaking technique.
While forward paddling is probably one of the most commonly used paddling strokes, reverse paddling is just as important. In fact, before you go kayaking, you should definitely practice both forward and reverse paddling to make sure that you have the necessary skills so that you do not end up in trouble while you are out at sea.
First, when you are reverse paddling, you should make sure that you are holding the paddle lightly, just like you would if you were paddling forward. This will help you have more control over the paddle, and it will also keep you from getting injured while you are paddling.
Next, you should make sure that you are using the back of the paddle blade when you are kayaking. While you should put the blade into the water near your feet in order to paddle forward, reverse paddling requires you to put the blade into the water near your hips instead. Then, you should push the paddle toward the bow of your kayak while turning the trunk of your body.
You should make sure that you always keep your elbows bent while you are reverse paddling, that way you will not hurt yourself. You should pull your paddle blade out of the water about when you are even with your knees in the kayak.
You can improve your reverse paddling power by reaching further behind your hips.
Finally, it’s important to make sure that you are checking behind yourself and over your shoulder while you are reverse paddling. That way, you can make sure that you are not going to run into anything dangerous.
This stroke is even more important since some of the techniques that you will learn by working on it are important in order to learn the emergency stop technique. | <urn:uuid:6f72c42e-7c10-4f38-96bc-c36fa723f92f> | {
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Tutorial Review by Alan Payne, A Computer Science Teacher:
What is “Programming Games with Java” and how it works.
The lessons are a highly organized and well-indexed set of game design tutorials meant for high school students and young adults entering post-secondary studies in Computer Science. NetBeans, a specific IDE (Integrated Development Environment) is used to create Console (text-only) or GUI (Graphical User Interface) applications by employing the Swing Class Controls of Java Software Development Kit (JDK) Version 11.
The tutorials provide the benefit of completed age-appropriate applications – fully documented projects from the teacher’s point of view. That is, while full solutions are provided for the instructor’s benefit, the projects are presented in an easy-to-follow set of lessons explaining object-oriented programming concepts, Java Swing controls, the rational for the GUI layout, coding design and conventions, and specific code related to the problem.
Learners may follow tutorials at their own pace. The finished product is the reward, but the student is fully engaged and enriched by the process. This kind of learning is often the focus of teacher training. Every Computer Science teacher knows what a great deal of preparation is required for projects to work for senior students. With these tutorials, the research behind the projects is done by an author who understands the classroom experience. That is extremely rare!
With these projects, there are lessons providing a comprehensive understanding of Java JDK 11 language basics – where to get it, how to install it. Installation and file management within the NetBeans IDE is fully explained. Detailed instruction in Java-specific GUI (the Swing Class) includes Frames, Buttons, Labels, TextFields, TextAreas, CheckBoxes, RadioButtons, ComboBoxes, Lists, Scroll Bars, and Panels fully prepares the learner for Java game design. Finally, user-defined classes and methods form the basis of object-oriented instruction necessary to complete your own Java games.
While the NetBeans environment is ideal for the high school programmer, these tutorials are written to provide the best foundation to learn programming concepts in Computer Science – regardless of the language. Correct object-oriented terminology is emphasized throughout the lessons – making them exceedingly valuable for young and experienced learners alike.
Learners will see how lessons in one object-oriented language apply in ALL object-oriented languages.
The learner may follow the tutorials at their own pace while focusing upon context relevant information. The finished product is the reward, but the student is fully engaged and enriched by the process. This kind of learning is often the focus of teacher training. Every computer science teacher knows what a great deal of work is required for projects to work in this manner.
Graduated Lessons for Every Project … Lessons, examples, problems and projects. Graduated learning. Increasing and appropriate difficulty… Great results.
With these projects, there are lessons providing a rich background on the programming topics to be covered. Once understood, concepts are easily applicable to a variety of applications. Then, specific examples are drawn out so that a learner can practice the correct Java syntax in NetBeans. Finally, a summative game program for the chapter is presented. Game design is broken down into manageable parts – the logical solution to the problem, the design of the Java Swing Class graphical user-interface and supporting classes (blue prints for user-defined object types) and methods (subroutines) come together in the finished product.
Students are fully engaged and appropriately challenged to become independent thinkers who can come up with their own project ideas, design their own text-only (Java Console) or GUI (Java Swing Class) interfaces, and do their own coding. Once the process is learned, then student engagement is unlimited! I have seen student literacy improve dramatically as they cannot get enough of what is being presented.
Indeed, lessons encourage accelerated learning – in the sense that they provide an enriched environment to learn computer science, but they also encourage accelerating learning because students cannot put the lessons away once they start! Computer Science provides this unique opportunity to challenge students, and it is a great testament to the authors that they are successful in achieving such levels of engagement with consistency.
My history with the Kidware Software products.
I have used single license or shareware versions for over a decade to keep up my own learning. By using these lessons, I am able to spend time on things which will pay off in the classroom. I do not waste valuable time ensconced in language reference libraries for programming environments and help screens which can never be fully remembered! These game-design projects are examples of how student projects should be as final products – thus, the pathway to learning is clear and immediate.
The exciting thing is that all of the above can be done in Java, Small Basic or Visual Studio languages – Visual Basic, Visual C# or Visual C++. To go from one language to another is now an inevitable outcome!
With these lessons, I am able to concentrate on the higher order thinking skills presented by the problem, and not be chained to a language reference in order to get things done!
Meet Different State and Provincial Curriculum Expectations and More
Different states and provinces have their own curriculum requirements for Computer Science. With the Kidware Software products, you have at your disposal a series of projects which will allow you to pick and choose from among those which best suit your curriculum needs. Students focus upon design stages and sound problem-solving techniques from a Computer-Science perspective. In doing so, they become independent problem-solvers, and will exceed the curricular requirements of elementary, middle and secondary schools everywhere.
Useable projects – out of the box !
The accompanying lessons and specific projects covered in the Programming Games with Java tutorials are suitable for grades 10 and above. They include:
Safecracker (a numeric version of Mastermind)
Tic Tac Toe
Match Game (Concentration)
Pizza Delivery – a game emphasizing business practices
Moon Landing – emphasizing trajectory physics
As you can see, there is a high degree of care taken so that projects are age-appropriate, providing educational content in the finished games.
How to mark the projects.
In a classroom environment, it is possible for teachers to mark student progress by asking questions during the various game design and coding stages. Teachers can make their own written quizzes easily from the reference material provided, but I have found the requirement of completing projects (mastery) sufficient for gathering information about student progress – especially in the later grades.
Lessons encourage your own programming extensions.
Once concepts are learned, it is difficult to NOT know what to do for your own projects.
Having used Kidware Software tutorials for the past decade, I have been successful at the expansion of my own learning to other platforms such as XNA for the Xbox, or the latest developer suites for tablets and phones. I thank Kidware Software and its authors for continuing to stand for what is right in the teaching methodologies which not only inspire, but propel the self-guided learner through what can be a highly intelligible landscape of opportunities.
Alan Payne, B.A.H., B.Ed.
TA Blakelock High School | <urn:uuid:87d76803-0265-47ce-80b8-998cf8aab6b2> | {
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The professionals at Dr. Kurt Gibson, DDS are experienced experts in sleep apnea and a wide range of other dentistry needs.
Sleep apnea is a condition that causes a temporary inability to breathe while you are sleeping. There are various causes for the condition, not all of which are well understood, although the most common type is fairly well understood. The most common type of sleep apnea is obstructive sleep apnea and, as the name suggests, it is caused by an obstruction of the airways. If you are suffering from sleep apnea, you will be pleased to know that you can visit us for expert advice and help with remedying the problem.
In obstructive sleep apnea, the airways can become blocked by the patient’s body tissues. This includes the flesh around the esophagus and at the back of the throat. In many cases, these tissues will collapse inward when the patient is relaxed, blocking the passage of air. Thankfully, this is not usually as alarming as it might sound because the patient will wake up and start breathing again. Unfortunately for them, though, it does mean that they can have difficulty in getting a good night’s sleep. Speak with our expert team, though, and we can let you know all about the solutions we have for you.
Preventing Blocked Airways
One contributing factor to blocked airpipes is that there is not usually much space at the back of the mouth. This is often made worse when we are sleeping on our backs because our jaws tend to relax backward toward our throats, adding further to the congestion. One way to overcome this problem, though, is with a mouthguard that will help to keep the jaw from slipping back, preventing airways from becoming blocked. Speak with us, and we can provide you with a mouthguard that will help you to get a great night’s sleep.
One of the most important aspects of mouthguards for sleep apnea is that they are comfortable. After all, you will be trying to sleep while wearing it. Our team can help you with a mouthguard that fits just right so that you will barely notice that you are even wearing it. We also have a great deal of experience in helping people with sleep apnea so that we will know the best solution to your particular problem.
Not getting enough sleep at night can cause considerable disruption to your life. It can mean you struggle to perform at work and also in personal relationships. It can lead to a considerable decrease in your quality of life overall, but it is something that can often be treated without too much difficulty.
Oral Appliance Therapy
Here at Dr. Kurt Gibson, DDS, we can help you with all of your oral appliance therapy needs. With our years of experience and expert knowledge, we can meet the highest of standards where oral appliances are concerned.
Learn more about oral appliance therapy
If you would like to hear more about sleep apnea and what we can do to help you, we will be more than happy to hear from you at Dr. Kurt Gibson, DDS at (336) 283-2593. Contact us at any time, and one of our experienced professionals will be delighted to help you in any way that they can. | <urn:uuid:32f708d6-0a5b-4b90-bb43-0ad59f4aa175> | {
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A vaccine is being developed that makes animals to produce antibodies against HIV molecules
Leer en Español: ¿Estamos cerca de una vacuna para el VIH?
Since 1996, more than 5 different vaccines have sworn to cure, or help manage, HIV. However, none have successfully developed a realistic cure for the virus.
Now days there are 5 vaccine candidates that attack the Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Last July in Paris, France, during the IX IHV Conference of the International Aids Society (IAS), experts warned about a new adversity in the war against HIV. Over the last couple of years, the virus has been developing resistance against antiretroviral drugs, which are the main treatment for patients. Thanks to the existence of this medicine, AIDS is no longer treated as a deadly illness but rather as a chronic disease.
WHO: In 6 countries, more than 10% of the patient developed a subtype of virus that is resistant against the most common antiretroviral drugs
According to the scientific proof revealed by the World Health Organization, some patients are developing antiretroviral resistance. In 6 of the 11 countries that were studied in Africa, Asia, and Latin America, more than 10% of the patients have a subtype of virus that is resistant against the most common antiretroviral drugs.
This phenomena worries the international organization due to the fact that if the new strand of virus infects others, the resistance molecules will spread among the population.
Over the last few days, a research group from the University of Maryland and Duke University in the United States has designed a vaccine prototype. The new vaccine makes animals produce an immune response against the protective shield of the HIV, which had been a problem in the past. The authors of said research assured that their method "addresses this problem by designing a vaccine component that mimics a protein-sugar part of the shield".
The research, published in the Cell Chemical Biology journal, was successful in rabbits, where the vaccine stimulated antibody responses against the sugar shield in 4 different HIV strains. The results were seen only two months after the medicine was injected.
The researchers insist that they must conduct more experiments and explained that the vaccine just attacks the shield of 4 HIV strains, but there are more than 60 different types.
Latin American Post | Santiago Gómez Hernández
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Do you suffer from sensitive teeth? Do you hesitate to bite into a cool, tasty treat? Do you know why you might have sensitive teeth or that there are ways you can reduce your sensitivity?
Gum disease and a damaged or chipped tooth are some of the more common causes of sensitive teeth. If you suffer from gum disease, your gums may peel from your teeth and expose your roots. If your tooth is damaged or cracked, your roots will similarly be exposed. This allows bacteria to grow into the roots and causes increased sensitivity. We may recommend a dental bonding or fluoride treatment to cover your exposed roots.
Teeth grinding (also known as bruxism) is another reason you may have sensitive teeth. If you suffer from bruxism, you could grind your teeth and expose the dentin (the bony tissue that forms the majority of a tooth under the enamel). Dentin is particularly sensitive to cold. To help you deal with this temperature sensitivity, our dentist could create a custom night guard that will help you sleep comfortably by preventing grinding. This will protect your mouth from future sensitivity. We may also recommend a dentin sealer to protect your smile.
Some foods and drinks can also lead to sensitivity—especially when the food and drink is highly acidic. If your teeth are exposed to enough acid for a long enough time, your tooth structure and enamel can be damaged. Some of the more common acidic foods and drinks include soda, sports drinks, vitamin water, citrus fruits, and pickles. If you are interested in improving your smile’s sensitivity to temperature, we recommend that you not brush your teeth for at least a half-hour after you finish this type of food and drink.
If you’ve had a crown, filling, or any other type of restoration placed recently, it is common for sensitivity to follow. This sensitivity can last for several days, but if it does not fade, we recommend visiting our office.
If you would like any more information on how to alleviate sensitive teeth, please feel free to contact us. | <urn:uuid:52accfe9-d96d-493d-8dfc-af37315dce7e> | {
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Fructose, which is commonly called fruit sugar, is a monosaccharide. This is a biochemical term for a single sugar ring composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Fructose is closely related to glucose, and like glucose, it is a component of table sugar. Table sugar and fruit are the two most significant natural sources of fructose in the diet, though individuals who eat large quantities of processed foods also get significant fructose through high fructose corn syrup. Fructose has several roles in the body.
Body cells need energy to be able to engage in various processes. For instance, according to Drs. Reginald Garrett and Charles Grisham in their book "Biochemistry," a major use of energy by many cells is to maintain the so-called "resting membrane potential," which allows cells to take in certain substances from the fluid that surrounds them and allows cell-to-cell communication. Like glucose, fructose is a source of energy for the cells. Cells process fructose to extract energy through a process called aerobic respiration, which essentially means burning of fructose in the presence of oxygen to produce ATP, the cellular energy molecule.
The cells can also use fructose to make an important form of storage carbohydrate, called glycogen. According to Dr. Lauralee Sherwood in her book "Human Physiology," the liver and muscles store glycogen, which is made up of long chains of glucose, to provide for cellular glucose needs during emergencies or periods of fasting. The muscles maintain glycogen for their own use, while the liver breaks down glycogen to release glucose into the bloodstream for use by all body cells. Partial breakdown of fructose produces the compounds glyceraldehyde and dihydroxyacetone phosphate. Modification of glyceraldehyde to produce glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate allows for production of glycogen -- the glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate reacts with dihydroxyacetone phosphate to produce a precursor in glycogen synthesis.
In addition to storing energy in the form of glycogen, the body also stores energy in the form of triglyceride, or fat. Fat, says Dr. Gary Thibodeau in his book "Anatomy and Physiology," is an important form of energy storage because it's both light and energetically dense. As such, the body can store a significant quantity of energy without a significant amount of stored weight. Chemical reactions modify fructose to produce the precursors to fat synthesis. | <urn:uuid:78543ba7-2982-41d3-9d83-db20b38e9fc5> | {
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When looking at diets from around the globe, it's always interesting to see how the American diet compares with other cuisines. One diet that comes up often when discussing health and mortality rates is the Spanish diet, especially as Spain just received the title of the world's healthiest country.
Spanish Dietary Habits
Could the Spanish diet contribute to better health? That's one of the questions researchers attempted to answer when looking at data to forecast life expectancy. And what they found in an October 2018 study published in the Lancet is that by 2040, Spain is forecast to have the highest life span, at almost 86 years.
Further, the Bloomberg 2019 Healthiest Country Index ranked Spain as the world's healthiest country. Countries get this ranking based on life expectancy, risks such as tobacco use and obesity and environmental factors.
Many experts say the Spanish diet resembles the Mediterranean diet. However, an older November 2010 study published in the European Journal of Clinical Nutrition reports something different. Based on data collected from 2000 through 2006, the researchers found that the food consumption patterns in Spain have changed dramatically since the 1960s. This led them to conclude that the diet based on these findings is different from the traditional Mediterranean diet.
Another September 2018 study published in the journal Nutrients looked at breakfast consumption in Spain and how it affects the overall diet quality. Based on the data, they found that most (> 85 percent) of the Spanish population eat breakfast regularly and that what they eat at breakfast accounts for 16 to 19 percent of their daily intake.
They also found that the Spanish breakfast was higher in carbohydrates, added sugars, sodium, thiamin, riboflavin, folates, iron, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus and calcium, relative to its daily energy contribution. What's more, they also found that the meal is low in protein, fiber, total fat, beta-carotene, vitamins E and D and water intake.
The Spanish Food Pyramid
According to the food-based dietary guidelines for Spain published by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Spain uses a food pyramid with dietary recommendations in line with the traditional Mediterranean diet. Further, they divide their pyramid into food groups that are placed under three levels of consumption.
- Daily: whole-grain cereals and products, fruits, vegetables, olive oil and dairy products
- Weekly: fish, poultry, pulses, nuts, potatoes, eggs, red meat and meat products
- Occasionally: sweets, snacks and sweetened beverages
Like many other diets from around the globe, the recommendations for the Spanish diet include eating a variety of foods. Some of the other key points about the Spanish meal plan based on the food pyramid include:
- Eat five to six small meals a day, with daily food intake divided up evenly.
- Include plenty of grains, preferably whole grains.
- Aim for five servings of fruits and vegetables daily.
- Consume fish two to four times a week.
- Focus on good fats such as unsaturated fatty acids (olive oil), omega-6 (sunflower oil and soya oil) and omega-3 (nuts and soya oil and fatty fish).
- Choose carbohydrates that are rich in fiber.
- Limit salt.
- Drink at least 1.5 liters of water per day.
The Mediterranean Diet
The FAO linked the Spanish diet food pyramid with the Mediterranean diet. But what exactly is the Mediterranean diet and how does it help keep Spain at the top of the life expectancy list?
According to the Cleveland Clinic, the Mediterranean diet, which is actually more of a lifestyle rather than a diet, is rich in fruits, vegetables, legumes, nuts and olive oil. Fish, especially those high in omega-3 fatty acids is recommended at three servings per week.
It also favors healthy fats like extra virgin olive oil. The foods to avoid include refined sugar, refined grains, processed meats, highly processed foods, trans fats and refined oils.
The Mayo Clinic points out that the Mediterranean diet, which can help promote health and prevent chronic disease, is one of the healthy eating plans recommended by the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Plus, the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health says the research supports adopting a Mediterranean diet to help lower the risk of cardiovascular diseases, increase life span and promote healthy aging.
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations: "Food-Based Dietary Guidelines-Spain"
- European Journal of Clinical Nutrition: "Evaluation of Food Consumption and Dietary Patterns in Spain by the Food Consumption Survey: Updated Information"
- Nutrients: "Breakfast Consumption in Spain: Patterns, Nutrient Intake and Quality. Findings From the ANIBES Study, a Study From the International Breakfast Research Initiative"
- Lancet: "Forecasting Life Expectancy, Years of Life Lost, and All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality for 250 Causes of Death: Reference and Alternative Scenarios for 2016–40 for 195 Countries and Territories"
- Mayo Clinic: "Mediterranean Diet for Heart Health"
- Bloomberg: "These Are the World’s Healthiest Nations"
- Cleveland Clinic: "Mediterranean Diet"
- Health.gov: "2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans"
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health: "Diet Reviews: Mediterranean Diet" | <urn:uuid:4a5ee9f0-fc34-4e1b-9a1c-47693231da44> | {
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Radon is a radioactive gas that is colorless, tasteless, and odorless. Radon comes from the breakdown of uranium in soil, rock and water and can enter your home and any type of building through cracks and openings. Your home may trap radon inside, where it can build up to levels that may impact your health as you breath in air containing radon.
Radon is the second leading cause of lung cancer. Lung cancer deaths caused by radon gas are estimated between 15,000 to 22,000 per year.
Madison County is a high radon risk county.
Not everyone exposed to radon will get lung cancer, but the greater the radon level and the longer the exposure, the greater the risk of developing lung cancer.
The only way to know if you have high radon levels is to test your home. | <urn:uuid:0a987a6e-dc50-4600-a91f-b49610bf2509> | {
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Road washouts, soil erosion and other water-related damage are nothing new to any municipality, but some parts of Manitoba are especially vulnerable.
Those living and farming around Riding Mountain National Park are all too familiar with the kind of havoc water rushing downstream creates.
With the steepest slopes in the province in their region, Inter-Mountain Conservation District officials say they have water and soil erosion problems — and then some,
Currently, they have almost $1 million worth of applications on file for projects to stabilize streams and fix erosion washouts, said IMCD manager Jeff Thiele told the Manitoba Conservation Districts Association last week.
“It’s just unbelievable. The situation is serious,” he said.
But they’re tackling the root of the problem too, as demonstrated by the recent construction of two dry dams that will slow water released from the higher elevations of Riding Mountain.
The IMCD has given special recognition recently to the farmer who agreed to hold that water on his land.
The water retention dams are constructed on land owned by Boris and Karen Michaleski, who farm southwest of Dauphin, in the Keld area.
With support from Growing Forward 2 funding and assistance like culvert donations from the Municipality of Gilbert Plains, IMCD staff worked with the Michaleski to construct two water-retention dams that will temporarily hold water on their farm fields during peak flows.
The sites include one smaller and one larger site, both which will hold water on their fields during peak flows, then slowly release it downstream.
“We’re actually flooding his grain land,” said Thiele. “How many producers do you know that would let us flood their wheat crop?”
The IMCD awarded the Michaleskis with a 2016 Conservation District Award last week, a distinction CDs offer to local landowners who exemplify good environmental practices that related to the vision of the MCDA.
Thiele said what they’re especially pleased about at IMCD is that they’ve not got a local site for field tours to explain the concept of temporary water hold back to other landowners. They want to take this proactive approach and build more dams in future, he said. But they need sites to demonstrate what and why they’re doing this.
“A lot of people learn by seeing, not just by talking,” Thiele said. “I find this is really a hard concept to understand and to explain to people.”
Boris Michaleski said the project is new so it remains to be seen how long water will actually flood their field. The dams were constructed this year.
“I’m expecting during peak flows it might hold water up to four or five days,” he said.
He’s willing to have that happen because he sees gains in the bigger picture, and says involvement with the local CD and initiatives like the Dauphin Lake Integrated Watershed Management Plan (IWMP) have helped him see the merits of holding water on land temporarily.
“I know drainage is critical to agricultural production but just continuously draining land and not managing that water creates other problems,” he said.
“I think we have to look at the whole picture when we approach drainage and water management and this is one of those ways. We can still have drainage but try to mitigate some of those negatives by having dry dams and other storage projects.”
Thiele said when the dry dam projects were underway they sent up drones to get aerial views of the construction sites. That was an eye opener.
There are massive volumes of water sitting at the higher elevations just inside Riding Mountain National Park boundary.
Thiele said the even bigger accomplishment that will come from these dry dam projects is ultimately changing our ways of thinking about water management.
He brought photos of a repeated road washout near Mineral Creek. It’s been rebuilt about five times in recent years using Disaster Financial Assistance (DFA), he said, adding that his own mother, who attended the school just up that road in the 1950s, notably doesn’t recall those kinds of repeated washouts occurring there.
“So something has changed there,” he said. “The result is sky high costs to municipalities and DFA programs, not to mention the environmental costs of sedimentation, flooding and water quality into Lake Dauphin and beyond.”
The IMCD has an ambitious plan to eventually reduce peak flows by 10 per cent in their area, Thiele continued.
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Scientific name: Ralstonia solanacearum
Native range: worldwide
Primary hosts of R. solanacearum race 3 biovar 2 includes members of the Solanaceae family and geraniums (Pelargonium spp.). Imported ornamental plants and cuttings, especially geraniums, are considered a significant risk for introducing this bacteria to the U.S. and may be required to have documentation certifying their freedom from this pathogen before import is allowed.
Ralstonia solanacearum race 1 occurs in the southern U.S. Most races and biovars are restricted to similarly warm climates. However, R. solanacearum race 3 biovar 2 is considered cold hardy in temperate climates. Ralstonia solancearum race 3 biovar 2 can be found throughout most of the world including Mexico, but does not occur in the U.S.
Ralstonia solanacearum is a bacterium that can infect over 200 different plants, with the Solanaceae (potato family) containing the highest number of susceptible species. Infections can cause wilting and death of susceptible plants. Introduction to a new area occurs through propagative plant material such as infected seed potato tubers and ornamental cuttings. In addition to surviving in plant material the bacteria can also persist in soil or planting media as well as irrigation and waste water, and spread to other fields occurs by surface runoff water and infested soil that is moved on equipment.
Infected plants show wilting of part or all of the plant, followed by leaf yellowing then death of the leaf between the veins and stunted growth. The stem interior becomes discolored and dark streaks may be visible. A sticky or slimy substance containing the bacteria may ooze from freshly cut infected stems, and is especially visible if placed in water. A cross section of an infected potato tuber may show a ring of brown discoloration and light pressure may produce an ooze. On intact tubers, soil may stick to ooze around the eyes.
Wilted, yellowing leaves can be due to environmental factors as well as other diseases, including other strains of R. solanacearum. Root rots caused by many fungi can also cause leaf wilting, yellowing of leaves, and stunted growth. In geraniums, bacterial leaf blight caused by Xanthomonas hortorum pv. pelargonii causes leaves to wilt and yellow, similar to R. solanacearum R3bv2, but this disease also causes round tan - brown spots on the leaves. In potato, tuber symptoms of bacterial ring rot caused by Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus can look similar to those caused by R. solanacearum R3bv2.
Regulatory Status: Regulated
There are multiple races and biovars of R. solanacearum and most are not regulated. However, one specific strain, called race 3 biovar 2 (R3bv2), is considered an extreme threat to the United States. If R. solanacearum race 3 biovar 2 was discovered in Minnesota, actions would be taken to prevent spread and to eradicate the pathogen.
What Can Be Done?
The MDA is monitoring for R. solanacearum through a variety of methods including surveys. Visit the University of Minnesota website for information about diagnosing plant problems. The University of Minnesota Plant Diagnostic Clinic is available to test samples of unknown plant problems. Contact the MDA via Arrest the Pest if you suspect you have found Ralstonia solanacearum R3bv2 in Minnesota. | <urn:uuid:e6b86f3b-3687-4c3d-b762-03270358b752> | {
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Similes and Metaphors
Using Similes and Metaphors in your writing is like using seasoning in cooking. It flavours it. Your writing will come alive and jump off the page. See what I did there? Fun isn’t it?
'Simile: the comparison of two unlike things using the word ‘like’ or ‘as’. ‘The biscuit tasted like a coat button.’ ‘It’s as black as troll poo in here.’ Both examples from Jen Storer's own work.
Use sparingly. Contrary to what Miss Sternberger might have said, creative writing does not revolve around similes and metaphors.
Metaphor: a figure of speech wherein one thing is not only compared to another, it is said to be that other. Macbeth says that life is a pathetic actor, not that it is like a pathetic actor. Thus he is speaking metaphorically:
‘Life’s but a walking shadow, a poor player that struts and frets his hour upon the stage and then is heard no more. It is a tale told by an idiot, full of sound and fury, signifying nothing.’'
From Jen Storer's blog, 10 Literary Devices. Or How to Zhoosh Up Your Creative Writing
At this month’s writer’s group I decided to look this use of metaphors and similes in writing. I love reading, and reading widely. The following are three examples from three different books by three authors whose books that I have read recently. I found that they use simile and metaphors in their writing that enriches the reading experience.
‘He made his way down broken storm-littered roads out to La Incoerenza, the Bliss Estate. Outside the storm had been even wilder. Lightening bolts like immense crooked pillars joined La Incoerenza to the skies, and order, which Henry James warned was only a man’s dream of the universe, disintegrated beneath the power of chaos, which was nature’s law. Above the gates of the estate a live wire swung dangerously, with death at its tip. When it touched the gates blue lightning crackled along the bars. The old house stood firm but the river had burst its banks and risen up like a giant lamprey all mud and teeth and swallowed the grounds in a single gulp.’
Page 23 Two Years Eight Months & Twenty Eight Nights by Salman Rushdie.
‘After that they saw only forest for several hours, but come evening they arrived at a country cottage abandoned by its owners. Two muscular trees had demolished the place, although they grew on either side of the building. Where their boughs had met they had done so like the punches of boxers, and remained outstretched in jabs and hooks. The cottage’s centremost rooms had been bludgeoned the hardest, but there was shelter to be had in half a sitting room, secure on the leftmost side of the house.’
Page 77 The Trees by Ali Shaw
‘It became clear to Albie that he had done very little with his life, and seeing it paraded before him convinced him that he’d had enough. So right there and then, Albie made another decision. He decided to leave. Quietly he rose, lightly as an angel. The water slipped by him like a satin cloak and he emerged through the surface with more grace and confidence than he had experienced in his life.’
Page 8 Tensy Farlow and the Home of Mislaid Children by Jen Storer
These are gorgeous descriptions that paint amazing pictures in your mind as you read. These authors seemed to sprinkle similes and metaphors (although with Salman it is liberally sprinkled), as well as using other ways of describing people, places, objects and situations.
A word of caution
There was one book I read that read that I end up putting down as there was just too many similes and metaphors in the text. At one point the author used three of these devices to describe one thing. I got bogged down in trying to decipher what the author had meant. In the end I lost the thread of the story and had no idea what was happening.
The reality is that we all use similes and metaphors on a daily basis, often without even thinking about it. This can be a trap for writers. Many of these similes and metaphors are so well known that we instinctively reach for them as we write. Instead, we should mix things up and breathe some freshness into our writing or else our writing will come off as trite.
Writer’s Group Activity:
Take a well known metaphor and re-write it within a context. (Same meaning but fresher)
A heart of stone (A person is said to have a heart of stone when they cannot show sympathy or they are very cold towards you)
"Watching Peter asses the girls' injury, he peered at her with a icy clinical glance. The glacier which formed his fractal heart showed no signs of shifting or melting." Jacqui.
Elephant in the room (An obvious problem or difficult situation that people do not want to talk about)
"It sat between them like the rotten core of an apple. Each taking tentative bites around the edges, avoiding the centre." Ester
Fear is a beast that feeds on attention. (Often times fear is just the warning but it can quickly turn into a beast)
“Her fear intensified as their criticisms stuck fast as surely as needles to a magnet.” Anita
As I was have an off day due to two ear infections I could not think of a way to rewrite A stitch in time saves nine. (Get things done on time a prevent yourself from having more work later). So I wrote how I was feeling instead.
"My mind is a fog bank and the words flick out of reach like shadows."
So this was a lightening quick run down of the use of similes and metaphors to jazz up your writing. I love to share as I learn, so if you have anything to add, please feel free to share in the comments.
To sum up:
1. Use metaphors and similes sparingly.
2. Use metaphors that will extend the description of what the story is about.
3. Metaphors are often better to use and gives a more powerful description than a simile.
Jen Storer has written a great blog post over on her Girl and Duck website. It is titled 10 Literary Devices. Or Ways to Zhoosh Up Your Creative Writing. I've just started on my first novel, so this will certainly come in handy to really enrich my writing. Check it out...and happy writing.
On my blog you will find:
You can find more about me, and read my children's stories at Creative Kids Tales
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The content on this website and blog is information only and the author is not liable for what you, the reader, do (or not do) with that information. | <urn:uuid:b970a832-3047-44fd-b098-1454e5e294b9> | {
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This entry was originally posted on Huffington Post.
Did you ever have one of those bracelets that said “What Would Jesus Do?” Maybe a bumper sticker? Did you get the T-shirt — WWJD? This was all the rage in the 1990s.
In His Steps: What Would Jesus Do?, a novel written by Charles Sheldon in 1896, grew out of sermons he preached about imitating Christ. In His Steps was not about personal redemption but about making the moral choice when encountering the poor and marginalized. Sheldon believed all people — including Blacks, women, Jews, and Catholics — were equal and should be treated as such.
In the novel, a pastor named Rev. Henry Maxwell encounters a homeless man who challenges his faith. The homeless man expresses his difficulty understanding why so many Christians ignore the poor:
“I heard some people singing at a church prayer meeting the other night,
‘All for Jesus, all for Jesus, All my being’s ransomed powers, All my thoughts, and all my doings,All my days, and all my hours.’ and I kept wondering as I sat on the steps outside just what they meant by it. It seems to me there’s an awful lot of trouble in the world that somehow wouldn’t exist if all the people who sing such songs went and lived them out. I suppose I don’t understand.”
We understand, don’t we? There is often a deep conflict between what the people of God say we believe and how we live our lives. We get it. And we wonder what to do about it.
Matthew 25:31–46 is one of those texts that speaks for itself. Here is The Messageversion of the core verses:
“Then the King will say to those on his right, ‘Enter, you who are blessed by my Father! Take what’s coming to you in this kingdom. It’s been ready for you since the world’s foundation. And here’s why:
I was hungry and you fed me, I was thirsty and you gave me a drink, I was homeless and you gave me a room, I was shivering and you gave me clothes, I was sick and you stopped to visit, I was in prison and you came to me.’
“Then those ‘sheep’ are going to say, ‘Master, what are you talking about? When did we ever see you hungry and feed you, thirsty and give you a drink? And when did we ever see you sick or in prison and come to you?’ Then the King will say, ‘I’m telling the solemn truth: Whenever you did one of these things to someone overlooked or ignored, that was me—you did it to me.’
This text does not ask us to believe in any particular way. It doesn’t demand orthodoxy. It calls us into action. Because Jesus would do it. BUT, more radical than that: When we act on behalf of the least of those among us, we act for Jesus himself.
That’s Jesus in the soup kitchen. That’s Jesus on the cardboard on the street; Jesus sleeping in the train station. That is Jesus on the corner, lost and confused. Jesus’ drinking unclean water from a stream in Puerto Rico. Jesus languishing behind bars, in isolation, desperate for safety and light.
That’s Jesus living on a reservation in Oklahoma, on a tiny remnant of land belonging to her people, an embarrassing concession for the way her land was stolen from her. That’s Jesus struggling to keep her culture alive in the midst of American cultural holidays that ignore her truth.
That’s Jesus whose baby has been snatched out of her arms, while she is being deported. Jesus is crossing the desert, thirsty for water and for freedom. That’s Jesus deciding whether to pay rent or buy medication. That’s Jesus living in a tenement, working three jobs to feed his children.
In response to those on the margins, we might ask ourselves, “What would Jesus do?” But an even better question is, “What Will We Do?”
I think we must do two really important things right now.
1) Join the Advent Conspiracy, and make your holiday money count.
- $450 billion is spent in this country during the month of December, much of it on holiday shopping. 2.2 million people die every year due to lack of access to clean drinking water. According to number crunchers at the World Bank and United Nations Development Program, it’s estimated that it would cost somewhere around $20 billion to solve the global water crisis. That’s less than 5% of what’s spent in this country during one holiday shopping period in December.
- SO, give one or two less presents, and give what you can to the charity of your choice, a place that provides clean water to the world, to Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands in particular. (WaveforWater.org is a great place to start!) Give to an organization that feeds the poor, provides housing or bail money; a place that works for prison reform, or helps returning citizens or veterans find jobs.
2) Pressure our elected officials to say “NO!” to the tax plan moving through Congress, TODAY!
- Sister Simone Campbell and Network say it plainly, “This tax plan fails a basic moral test. This bill takes from people in poverty to give to the wealthiest in our nation, and it goes against everything we as people of faith believe.”
- Call your Senators now: 1-888-885-1748. Call twice to reach both Senators. Tell them: “Hi, my name is [NAME] and I am a constituent from [CITY/TOWN]. As a person of faith, I’m calling you to OPPOSE the Senate tax bill because it is inconsistent with my faith teaching. This plan gives the wealthy and large corporations trillions of dollars in tax cuts and will have devastating effects on programs that I care about, like the Child Tax Credit, Medicare, and more. I urge you to oppose such a reckless tax plan.”
- Share this with your friends, especially those in Tennessee, Arizona, Oklahoma, and Maine to call their Senators and say “Vote NO!”
Do these things because Jesus is right there in the poor, needing our care. And because our actions help complete God’s dream of a healed and whole world. Stay in touch with actions toward God’s Dream at middlechurch.org. | <urn:uuid:60153aaf-2464-4065-881a-11813e39d416> | {
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The International Organization for Migration regional office for West and Central Africa, is hosting an exhibition documenting the plight of artisanal gold miners in West Africa.
The exhibition, titled Pour Tout l’Or du Monde, or ‘For All the Gold in the World’, showcases the harsh living and working conditions for gold miners along the so-called gold-belt in Senegal, Mali, Guinea, and Burkina Faso.
This exhibition, being held in Dakar Senegal, also coincides with the unveiling of IOM’s research on migration dynamics and profiles around artisanal gold mining sites in these West African countries.
READ MORE: India turning a blind eye to smuggled gold
Experts attending the event will present the key findings of the research conducted by IOM this year in the four target countries and will discuss the main recommendations to improve the living conditions in the sites including the development of accessible health facilities, accessible drinking water supply and the establishment of a toxic waste treatment system; support the government in developing awareness programmes on minors’ school drop-out and dangers of artisanal gold mining among minors and their families; and raise awareness among migrant gold miners on the dangers associated with gold mining and the need to use protective equipment.
Two panels will also discuss other research topics including the feminisation of migration in Côte d’Ivoire and the re-opening of the Western Mediterranean route from Senegal.
Moreover, Pour Tout l’Or du Monde will include testimonials and photographs collected by IOM, drawing attention to the vulnerability and protection needs of all those impacted by gold mining including female sex workers and unaccompanied minors working at the sites.
Earlier this year, a young man named Famoro Sidibé died after the pit he was digging in collapsed on top of him. His death was as painful as it was inevitable, his friends say.
“It doesn’t surprise us when we see what state the pits are in,” says Idrissa Traoré, a pit leading hand, as he watches young men dig without helmets or regular access to water. “We are scared of dying here.”
Using Kintsukuroi, the traditional Japanese art of mending broken pottery using resin laced with gold or silver, as the guideline for the exhibition, attendees will be able to see the strength, resilience and incredible courage of all those who are broken and destroyed by this dangerous activity.
The United States Department of State’s Bureau of Population, Refugees, and Migration (PRM) funded the research in Guinea and Senegal as part of the Africa Regional Migration Programme and the United Kingdom’s Department for International Development (DFID) funded research in Mali and Burkina Faso as part of the Safety, Support and Solutions across the Central Mediterranean Route programme.
The topic of artisanal mining and ways in which this informal sector can be formalised will be a topic of discussion at the 2020 edition of Nigeria Mining Week to be held in October 2020 in Abuja, Nigeria. | <urn:uuid:00ed3000-a491-4841-b4c7-537fdf8e7318> | {
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Please can you give a brief history of anthrax vaccines?
Anthrax vaccines have a prominent place in the history of medicine. This goes back to, Pasteur, who while everybody associates with the milk treatment process, also worked on rabies and Anthrax vaccines in cattle.
Anthrax is caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis, but most people will relate to Anthrax because in the 20th century it's received so much attention as a potential biological warfare agent and a vaccine has been necessary to protect US troops.
The currently registered vaccine is known as an anthrax vaccine adsorbed or so called AVA vaccine and is produced from the culture filtrate of a less virulent strain of the bacteria adsorbed onto aluminium salts. This type of vaccine is difficult to produce and has been associated with reactogenicity after treatment.
Current vaccine research is focused on recombinant and recombinant sub unit vaccines. Antibodies to the protective agent appear crucial in the protection against exposure to the virulent anthrax spores.
In 1997, the Clinton administration initiated an Anthrax vaccine immunization program for active US service personnel. A controversy ensued because the vaccine was mandatory and a perception developed that the vaccine absorbed material had unpleasant side effects including erythema, induration and soreness.
In addition adverse reactions were recorded in approximately 1% of recipients. Such effects led to legal injunctions against the US service program. However no alternative vaccines have been registered.
The legal cases seem to have been resolved and in 2006 the Defence Department announced the reinstatement of the mandatory Anthrax vaccination program for 200,000 troops. Vaccinations are required for US military units going to Iraq, Afghanistan, and South Korea.
So that's a little about the history of the vaccine, both from its origination in the days of Pasteur to current use of a single registered vaccine for immunization of the US armed forces.
Glide Pharma were recently awarded a sub-contract from Pfenex Inc. to develop a solid formulation of the recombinant anthrax vaccine. What are the main logistical constraints of the currently available vaccine?
I think there are a couple of restraints. The first is that the registered vaccine, as intimated earlier, has some unpleasant side effects.
The second is that that the full vaccine program requires 6 doses.
And so this has led to Washington looking for new vaccines without side effects; potentially reduced dosing and improved stability.
That’s where we believe the Glide technology - the solid dosage and device can combine with the Pfenex rPA vaccine and offer an alternative approach addressing the needs of the NIAID program.
How do Glide Pharma plan to address these constraints?
Well we've got evidence that our solid dosage technology improves stability and so shelf life of APIs. So we expect to be able to formulate the Pfenex rPA vaccine and gain an improvement in stability and this is the development work recently initiated. Clearly improved shelf life would meet one of the characteristic required by NIAID in their programme.
We also believe there is a significant benefit with our solid dose injector device because its simple to use and appropriate for self-administration.
So we believe the development programme with Pfenex will deliver the needs of the NIAID program.
Please can you outline the Glide SDI® solid dose injector? What benefits are there of this needle-free delivery system?
There are two principle parts to the solid dose injector. The first is the re-usable actuator, which is a simple spring powered device, which through pressure on the skin pushes the implant under the skin. The second is the sterile drug implant and cartridge on the nose of the actuator.
We believe there are three key benefits. The first is that Glides solid dosage form will improve stability and therefore the shelf life of the ultimate vaccine.
The second is that self-administration and a move away from the clinical setting brings big benefits in the field situation.
The third is that we have seen evidence of improved efficacy with vaccine work we've done in the past. So if this extends to the Pfenex rPA vaccine, it may be possible to reduce the number of doses required.
What hurdles will need to be overcome in order to develop a solid formulation of recombinant anthrax vaccine?
Vaccines can be difficult to stabilize, and so producing a stable solid formulation is the first goal.
Assuming this is delivered then the next challenge will be scaling up to a manufacturing level for clinical and commercial batches.
How did the contract between Glide Pharma and Pfenex arise?
Well NIAID, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, were looking for more stable vaccines and simple delivery systems. They had became aware of Glides solid dose injector and we understand raised this with Pfenex. This led to the development agreement between Pfenex and Glide.
What are Glide Pharma’s plans for the future?
We have a development and licensing business base around our technology platform. The solid dose injector, applied to device appropriate pharmaceutical ingredients, provides additional differentiation enabling product life cycle management.
We've got two internal programs running one with parathyroid hormone for osteoporosis and one with epinephrine for anaphylactic shock.
So our expectation is to prove the technology end to end , add value to Pharma product life cycle, not only pipeline, but especially commercial products that are 2 to 3 years away from patent expiry.
How do you think the future of vaccine delivery will develop?
I think there are two aspects to that. I think the first is to find more efficient vaccines to enhance the immune response, and ideally reduce the frequency of administration.
The second aspect of future development is for stronger simpler delivery systems. Glide has technology with potential to deliver in both these areas.
So more patient friendly systems and more efficacious vaccines is where it's going.
What makes Glide technology so novel?
The solid dosage is totally unique, there's nothing out there that has a solid dosage system which replaces the conventional needle and syringe.
There are patch systems out there, there are pump systems out there, there's nothing out there where the formulation, in the form of an implant, replaces a needle, and that's the novelty of the Glide technology.
Where can readers find more information?
About Dr Mark Carnegie-Brown
Dr Carnegie-Brown is CEO of Glide Pharmaceutical Technologies Limited and has 25 years’ experience of the life sciences sector.
Previously, he was CEO of Evolutec, a biological drug development business, where he led a successful IPO and established the company’s clinical and manufacturing programmes.
He was also CEO of Aenova, a pharmaceutical tablet and capsule manufacturer, where he led the integration of the Swisscaps and Dragenopharm organisations.
Dr. Carnegie-Brown started his career in R&D at ICI and subsequently held a number of commercial roles before becoming General Manager of Zeneca’s UK and Eire business.
About Glide Pharma®
Glide Pharma® is a pharmaceutical development and device company focused on the easy, safe and convenient administration of solid dose formulations of therapeutics and vaccines. The company has a range of in-house and partnered programmes based on its proprietary solid dose injector, the Glide SDI®. Glide Pharma has a strong management team with extensive experience of the pharmaceutical, biotechnology and medical device sectors. The company has successfully completed five investment rounds, and is supported by a consortium of institutional and private technology investors, including Invesco Perpetual, Oxford Technology Venture Capital Trusts, Oxford Capital Partners and Hygea VCT. For more information please visit www.glidepharma.com | <urn:uuid:ffd05964-66bd-44c8-96ac-106790c7203e> | {
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Have you heard about life skills and wondered just what is a life skills program? Life skills programs are not limited to providing instruction to teenagers on how to manage living on their own after moving out of their parent’s home. The life skills training program Northern IL option provides a comprehensive program that helps you develop the skills that you need to manage your daily life, and stay clean and sober while putting your life skills program tools into action.
The Northern Illinois Recovery Center staff and administration understands that recovery involves more than learning to achieve sobriety. Life skills are an essential to remaining sober over time, and learning to live a healthy lifestyle.
What is a Life Skills Program?
A life skills program helps each individual develop and maintain many important life ability to make informed choices, learn decision-making skills, learn to set and reach realistic goals, have healthy relationships, and learn effective communication skills. Understanding exactly what is a life skills program requires that you develop other skills, which are sometimes taught in childhood. The problem with this theory is that these critical life skills are not always taught in childhood, as some people likely assume.
World Education describes the life skills that youth should learn to grow into well-functioning adults as ‘critical.’ The lack of life skills education in some areas, along with the fact that many individuals with addiction issues lack life skills makes it an important aspect of your recovery.
How Can a Life Skills Program Help Me During My Recovery?
Some information about life skills comes from career-related articles, websites, and businesses. The same skills listed by those sources are life skills that are often lacking in individuals that are in recovery. Learning what is a life skills program is not enough. You have to implement those skills in your daily life, wherever you are in your recovery now, and into your future.
Developing life skills is important no matter your addiction, whether to alcohol, to other drugs, or if you have a need for dual diagnosis treatment. A publication from the Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine notes the fact that the recovery process is one of personal growth, with a variety of developmental milestones. The author touches on the importance of education during the recovery process. The Northern Illinois Recovery Center recognizes the importance of educating clients on the need for developing effective life skills.
Some tools and skills learned when helping you discover what a life skills program is include:
- Identifying and resisting triggers
- Developing coping skills to effectively handle challenges and demands of your everyday life
- Building and maintaining a health accountability
- Effective communication skills
- Self-management and self-care
- Developing healthy alternatives to using
Learning what is a life skills program, and implementing those skills is part of helping you to stay clean and sober, and manage your daily life in a healthy way.
Combining Life Skills Programming with Relapse Prevention Programming
Combining life skills programming with relapse prevention programming helps you manage your life throughout your recovery. Yet, there are still risks to recovery after treatment. Learning to develop perspective, and continue working on improving your physical and emotional health are critical for maintaining your sobriety. Finding out what is a life skills program and implementing those skills include possible additional tasks and focus, such as:
- Learning to just say no
- Accepting that you have an addiction
- Learning healthy social skills
- Staying away from friends or family members that use
- Learning critical thinking skills
- Developing financial management skills
Learn more about how we focus on life skills through our life skills training program. Contact us today at 855.786.1978 to learn more about this and all of our treatment program options at the Northern Illinois Recovery Center. | <urn:uuid:1c680cba-395b-4e33-a098-dfb6e5f341d2> | {
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NorthShore’s online source for timely health and wellness news, inspiring patient stories and tips to lead a healthy life.
Keeping your heart healthy can seem like a daunting task; you have to eat right, exercise and manage things like your cholesterol. Not sure where to start? Jason Robin, MD, Cardiology at NorthShore provides some tips for how you can prevent heart disease, be aware of symptoms of a potential condition and improve your quality of life with a healthy heart:
When diet and exercise are not enough, what’s the best way to keep a healthy heart?Diet and exercise are part of the equation, but often we need to use medications to keep our heart healthy. One of the most used medications which has consistently shown benefits is “the statin”; Lipitor, Crestor, Zocor, etc. Are there any side effects to worry about with statins? Are there people who shouldn’t be on them?As with any intervention, we must always look at risks vs. benefits. As a whole, statins are VERY safe and have proven time again to reduce risk. Some people will develop muscles aches with statins. This is almost always benign, but we can check muscle enzymes to make sure there is no breakdown of the muscle – that is a VERY rare event, and when it does occur, we will temporarily stop the medication. Liver enzymes can also increase in some people so we check this after we start the medication or if we increase the dose. The likelihood of causing serious liver damage with a statin is very close to 0%. We even put people who have cirrhosis on statins! If your risk is high (previous cardiac event, known diabetes, LDL>190 or 10 year risk>7.5%), almost certainly you should be on a statin. What is a silent heart attack? Does it really mean there are no signs?It is not uncommon for us to perform an EKG, echocardiogram, stress test or angiogram to find out a coronary artery closed off and the patient does not recall it. Often seen in older patients who are less sedentary or in people who ignore symptoms. If you had someone in your family die young from a heart attack, at what age should that person’s children start seeing a cardiologist?When I hear stories of fathers having heart attacks in their 20s-40s, I like to start seeing the kids once they are post-adolescent. These are the kids who I may start statin therapy on at a young age and consider studies such as a 64 slice CT of the heart to look for early subclinical coronary disease. Also very important to make sure that the cause of death was indeed a myocardial infarction/heart attack. If it was due to a hereditary heart muscle or primary electrical problem, that takes us down a different path.Can children have high cholesterol? My daughter is 12 and overweight, and I’m worried about the long term effects on her heart health, but I don’t know how to address this without making her feel self-conscious.Yes, kids can have high cholesterol. Sometimes, pediatricians only check the total which is not very useful since the total may be high because the good HDL is also very high. It is great that you are thinking about this now. Plaque starts to develop very early on in life- teens and 20s. Unless her cholesterol is dangerous high (seen with familiar hyperlipidemia-very rare), I would not expose her to a statin yet, and work on lifestyle modifications. Talk to your pediatrician on lifestyle changes. Sometimes, a dietician can be useful. I send my patients to Lisa Bookstein in Highland Park – she is great!I’ve been reading about the harm sitting too long can do to your heart. Is this something you really should be concerned about? How often should you be getting up if you do have a 9 hour a day desk job?The main issue with sitting too long is you are not burning calories. It is more of a long term issue as being sedentary all the time will lead to weight gain, insulin resistance and diabetes. Make sure you exercise before or after work. If you are worried about blood clots in the legs, as long as you stand up and walk around for a few minutes every hour, you should be fine. But do MOVE MORE!
You can visit the Cardiovascular Institute for more heart health information, and read more of Dr. Robin’s responses in our Heart Health & Disease Prevention chat. | <urn:uuid:1a653eba-2d92-4bd4-b8f4-df5517cef2f6> | {
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This chapter argues that the norm against stealing is clearly an essential ingredient in a wide range of criminal law offenses, often combined with some other moral norm to create a distinctive crime: thus, stealing plus deception constitutes fraud or false pretenses; stealing plus disloyalty constitutes embezzlement; stealing plus coercion equals extortion; stealing plus the use of unjustified force equals robbery; and so forth. The fit between stealing and the law of theft is far from perfect. Until recently, the criminal law of theft was quite narrow, applying only to the misappropriation of tangible property, and excluding such intangibles as a ride on a train, a deed to land, and stocks and securities. Thus, there were many instances in which X could be said to have ‘stolen’ something in the moral sense of the term, without being subject to criminal sanctions for theft. Conversely, there are cases in which X is subject to what is referred to by the law as ‘theft’ even though many people would say that he has not stolen anything.
Oxford Scholarship Online requires a subscription or purchase to access the full text of books within the service. Public users can however freely search the site and view the abstracts and keywords for each book and chapter.
If you think you should have access to this title, please contact your librarian. | <urn:uuid:f290a517-5b9b-4639-a980-97e6197e471a> | {
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Computers are no longer a perk in our schools, they are a “must-have” to help our students learn and to give them the competitive edge 21st century technology provides.
High school students now have the option of participating on the Robotics Team, and our tasked with building and programing a robot to compete against other schools. The team is so popular with the students, a second team was created.
Students of all ages are also learning how to write their own code to create graphics, animate objects and so much more. Computers allow teachers to bring topics alive and immerse students into a time period of history or travel through a body as a cell. Books are still popular and used all the time but technology devices are adding a valuable teaching resource for all of our staff and our students.
Today, our Pre-k, kindergarten and first grade students each have an iPad housed in a charging cart in their classroom. The second grade through eighth grade students use Chromebooks also stored in charging carts in each classroom. PBL High School students will soon each have their own Chromebook and will be able to take their device home with them.
IMPACT – Technology Makes a Difference
“We are grateful to The PBL Education Foundation’s leadership in establishing an Endowment Fund and making a long-term commitment to using fund income to help PBL keep pace with increased costs associated with rapidly change technology. The income The Foundation is able to provide us will play a large part in our ability to keep pace with software and hardware updates.” – Superintendent Cliff McClure | <urn:uuid:a7052eb3-5de2-497a-a279-1a1e18e81d55> | {
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Once upon a time, Sir James Hector discovered and named a group of dolphins among the world’s smallest in size. Inhabiting the southern waters of Aotearoa, the islands that people later called New Zealand, these Hector’s originally numbered around thirty-thousand. And not so long ago, about twelve-hundred of their very close kin (a subspecies of the Hector’s) graced the northwest shores of the north. The first humans on this land, the Maori, named them ‘te Ika a Maui’.
People have delighted in witnessing the Maui play with seaweed, leaping, chasing other dolphins, blowing bubbles, play fighting, and surfing, …what athletes! (Please watch video at bottom of page.) Who would not be in awe of such athleticism by these creatures living a free enviable life in the sea?
Fast forward to just about three decades ago, when modern man set out on vessels with engines to trawl with great nets, seeking fortune in capture of what seemed an endless bounty of fish to be taken from the sea. Unfortunately, these nets were unseeable to the little Hector’s and Maui’s. And so began the circumstance of many of their kind, thousands becoming entangled, trapped, drowning, as populations slipped away.
Some of the people noticed and worried for good reason. Since the gillnet trawlers entered the waters, less than one-quarter (approx. 7,200) of Hector’s, and an estimated 55 Maui’s (less than 6%) are left today. Seeing the future of the Maui’s hanging by a thread, those among the caring and wise have been calling upon those that govern New Zealand’s resources to save the little ones from the main cause of death: drowning in nets.
In the address to International Union of Conservation Nations (IUCN) members, New Zealand head of delegation, Andrew Bignell, claimed action had already been taken to protect the endangered dolphins, and the recommendation was not backed by scientific evidence.
Yet ”Scientists have estimated that only one dolphin can die from a human-related death every 10-23 years without affecting the survival of the species. “We have already had one death in January. Given the few remaining Maui’s left, we can’t afford to lose a single dolphin,”
"…why doesn't this Government take this threat seriously? It should immediately ban all gill nets and trawlers from where these dolphins are found, which is offshore to the 100m depth contour and within all harbours along the west coast of the North Island," (Ms Katrina Subedar of Royal Forest and Bird Protection Society of New Zealand)
”…the Government was putting the interests of a handful of fishermen ahead of the safety of threatened dolphins." (Green Party MP Gareth Hughes)
“a disgrace …It beggars belief that the New Zealand Government could oppose a motion to protect these incredibly vulnerable dolphins in our own waters," (Ruth Dyson, Labour MP)
Four years ago a party of commercial fishermen “…filed a lawsuit challenging the Minister of Fisheries' decision to introduce a series of restrictions on set netting, drift netting and trawling.”
World Wildlife Fund convened a summit of the world's leading cetacean experts in January 2002 in Annapolis, Md., which was attended by 25 scientists from six continents. The group reached consensus that the single biggest threat facing cetaceans worldwide is death as bycatch in fishing gear.
More whales, dolphins and porpoises die every year by getting entangled in fishing gear than from any other cause. Researchers at Duke University and the University of St. Andrews in Scotland estimate a global annual average of nearly 308,000 deaths per year - or nearly 1,000 per day.
Fishing gear that poses the biggest danger to cetaceans includes: gillnets, set nets, …gillnets are responsible for a very high proportion of global cetacean bycatch. Experts agree that wherever there are gillnets, there is cetacean bycatch.
"In particular, entanglement of small odontocetes in set-gillnet and drift-net fisheries is an issue of widespread conservation significance. In many areas, where monitored, bycatch in fisheries exceeds sustainable limits for dolphins, porpoises, and small whales, but many if not most regions of the world lack adquate monitoring.” *
*Source: "Social and Behavioural Factors in Cetacean Responses to Overexploitation: Are Odontocetes Less "resilient" Than Mysticetes?", P.R. Wade, R.R. Reeves, and S.L. Mesnick, Journal of Marine Biology, vol. 2012, Article ID 567276, 26 April 2012.
“When one tugs at a single thing in nature, he finds it attached to the rest of the world” - John Muir
Scientists have only recently begun to qualify the important roles that cetaceans may play in the ocean's ecosystem. Hence the loss of one key species such as these dolphins could adversely impact the same fisheries that threaten their extinction.
“If it's unenvironmental it is uneconomical. That is the rule of nature” (Mollie Beattie, Director, US Fish and Wildlife Service 1993-1996)
“New Zealand is a signatory to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and as such made a formal commitment to the Convention’s Strategic Goals for 2011 to 2020. * …This includes the obligation to ensure that “the extinction of known threatened species has been prevented and their conservation status, particular of those most in decline, has been improved and sustained.”
Additionally “the New Zealand Fisheries Act 1996 is set out in Section 8 as providing ‘for the utilization of fisheries resources while ensuring sustainability.’ * “Ensuring sustainability” …avoiding, remedying or mitigating of any adverse effects of fishing on the aquatic environment.” Decision makers are required to take into account that “associated or dependent species should be maintained above a level that ensures their long-term viability”, that biological diversity is maintained…”
*Source: “Facing Extinction, New Zealand’s Forgotten Dolphins On the Verge of Extinction”, publication by NABU International Foundation for Nature
In the USA, The National Marine Fisheries Service, as the “federal agency charged with protecting marine mammals settled a court case yesterday by pledging to finalize and implement protections for false killer whales by Nov. 30, 2012. False killer whales (Pseudorca crassidens), which are actually large dolphins, have suffered unsustainable levels of death and serious injury in Hawaii-based longline fisheries.
The government of Bolivia pilots new social and economic model based on protection of and respect for nature. ”...legally bound to prioritise the wellbeing of its citizens and the natural world by developing policies that promote sustainability and control industry.”
Conversely, in September 2012, New Zealand was the only member nation among the nearly 600 members of the IUCN that voted against measures needed to save the Maui’s and Hector’s Dolphins from extinction.
The conflict of saving these dolphins from extinction may be resolved in sustainable ways* for the good of all. The New Zealand government has reopened the door till 12 November 2012 for public comment on a review of the Maui’s Dolphin Threat Management Plan (TMP).
How much do we value the complex role this species plays in New Zealand's coastal habitat? And how much do we value through their simple state of being, the Maui’s & Hector’s Dolphins’ promise to fill our hearts with inspiration? Let us remind these officials that through honour and wisdom, we can assure essential biodiversity for a healthy environment, and peace for the sake of all souls connected.
Please join us in this final week by creating and collecting as many “Let’s Face It” Visual Petitions as possible, and signing the online petitions linked from our website. We now have over 4,300 “Let’s Face It” Visual Petitions towards our goal of 5,500. If the dolphins could speak the language of humans, they would say: “Show us your Love!”
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*Source, quoting Dr. Liz Slooten, University of Otago:
“Many alternative fishing methods are available. These include fish traps and a range of hook and line methods. These are already being used around NZ. For example, fish traps are being used to catch ling in the Otago area and to catch blue cod in Foveaux Strait. These look like a slightly larger version of a crayfish trap. With openings for the fish to swim into them and bait inside the trap. Hook and line methods (long lines) are being used in Cook Strait to catch hapuku (groper), in the Hauraki Gulf to catch snapper, and in many other areas around NZ. The vast majority of marine recreational fishers (a ministry of fisheries study estimates more than 90%) do not use gillnets.
The good news is that these more selective, sustainable fishing methods are much better for the fishing industry as well. Not only do they avoid bycatch of dolphins, seabirds and unwanted fish species. But fish of the wrong size can be removed from the trap and put back into the water alive. Most fish that comes out of a gillnet or trawl is dead. So these net fisheries are very wasteful. In the long term, selective, sustainable fishing methods are in everyone’s interest, including the economic interest of the fishing industry.” | <urn:uuid:dc15cb1b-87b1-41f1-86f1-fc5a645f06c8> | {
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A joint team of researchers led by Professor Federico Rosei at the Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS), and Dr. Riad Nechache from École de technologie supérieure (ÉTS), both located in Montreal, Canada, have developed a composite perovskite thin film made of two different inorganic oxide materials that significantly improves the performance of solar cells.
The team demonstrated a cell in which the open-circuit voltage and short-circuit photocurrent are tunable by varying the electrical resistance of the device, which in turn is controlled by externally applying voltage pulses. This provides an alternative way of achieving highly stable, high-efficiency conversion.
The researchers developed this material which combines two crystal phases comprising the atomic elements bismuth, manganese, and oxygen. The combination of phases optimizes this material's ability to absorb solar radiation and transform it into electricity. The results are highly promising for the development of future solar technologies, and also potentially useful in other optoelectronic devices.
It is the interfaces (grain boundaries) between the BiMnO 3 and BiMn 2O5 crystal phases that play a crucial role in converting more sunlight into electricity. This provides a power conversion efficiency of up to 4.2%, which is said by the team to be a record value for this class of materials, although other organic perovskites tandem cells have shown 26% efficiency. | <urn:uuid:3f9ed28c-2ee2-40f8-8f1e-e0fe6c2d7c70> | {
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College age is also about the time that some difficult mental health issues can arise in people, such as bipolar and schizophrenia – exacerbated by the stresses that are part of college or any transition.
These are serious mental health problems that require professionals, but other mental health issues, such as depression, anxiety and addiction are parts of the transition process that many college offer resources to handle.
- Be active: Make use of the college gym facilities. A healthy lifestyle makes for improved cognitive functioning and can counter that Freshman 15. It can also be a place to meet new people.
- Explore: This can be a part of being active. Running, jogging or walking around your new campus or city/town gives you the chance to get comfortable and knowledgeable about your surroundings and give it a sense of home. Find things to do off campus. Connect with locals or returning students to get in the scoop on things to do and places to avoid.
- Follow your interests: Colleges offer intramural sports – a chance to play some sports not offered in high school – and many other organizations that can give you a chance to meet people with similar interests and different backgrounds. There's nothing wrong with testing your interests and deciding against it later if it's not a good match for you.
- Maintain relationships: With your parents and friends back home. They've known you for the longest and may notice you acting differently before you realize it.
- Create/Maintain traditions: New friends doesn't have to mean that Taco Tuesday doesn't happen anymore. Traditions provide a sense of comfort. It also can be a good time to pick up Sushi Sunday or whatever you need.
- Be serious/be fun: If college is a little bit about finding yourself, then this is a good time to check in with yourself. Gauging your own anxiety about your studies can let you know when you need to put in more effort and take things more seriously or if have the ability to lighten up with the studying to follow your other interests or give yourself a break.
- Be safe: Alcohol and drugs are a part of college and now is a good time to develop a healthy relationship (if you use) with your vices – if you aren't abstaining – so that they remain a source of fun and unwinding. Alcohol and drug use are linked to violence – particularly sexual assault – and developing the skills to manage your use now can pay dividends. It helps to have friends you can trust to look out for you and you for them and friends who you can hang out with who prefer to do something other than drinking on a Friday and Saturday night.
- Use your college mental health resources. Even if it's just a few sessions, talking with someone about difficulties and concerns can be helpful and the office should be able to refer if you need more than the mental health resources there can manage.
College is a very exciting time, but there is a lot at stake. Stay ahead of the curve and find the simple things to do now to ward off pitfalls, rather than having to pick yourself up after. Many of the above ideas are about not feeling isolated or alone in a strange town in a strange dorm with a strange roommate, but have the added benefit of getting the most out of your next 4 years and more bang for the buck that you and/or your parents are paying.
This Topic of the Week was written by Brian Swope, MFT. | <urn:uuid:eb76f74f-6761-44c8-aff8-624d7856156a> | {
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As a word groupie, I love to collect new words.
Lately I’ve been interested in learning about rhetorical devices and the words used to describe them. Here are 14 examples that will make you say, “There’s a word for that?”
1. Ambigram—a word that can be turned upside down and still be read as the same word.
Example: MOW or NOON
2. Antimetabole—a word or a phrase that is repeated in the opposite order in the next clause or phrase.
Example: “Fair is foul, and foul is fair.”
3. Collocation—a familiar grouping of words, especially words that typically appear together and convey meaning by association. To group the words differently would seem wrong.
Example: black and white
4. Contranym—is a word that can mean the opposite of itself.
Example: oversight can mean an error caused by inattention, or it can mean supervision.
5. Diacritic—is a symbol added to a letter to change the pronunciation. Most diacritics used in modern English come from other languages.
Examples: café, cliché, mañana
6. Diminutive—a suffix added to a word to mean little, small, or young.
Examples: piglet, starlet
7. Homographs—words written the same way, but having different meanings and different pronunciations.
Examples: wind, advocate, bass
8. Homonym—words written and pronounced the same way, but they have different meanings.
Examples: lie, fair
9. Homophones—words spelled differently, but they sound the same.
Examples: rain, rein, reign; beach, beech
10. Minced oath—a euphemism in which a curse word is replaced by something less offensive.
Examples: darn instead of damn; freaking instead of the other f-word
11. Neologism—a newly coined word.
Examples: app, Google, staycation
12. Palindrome—a word or phrase spelled the same way forward or backward.
Examples: madam, kayak, rotator
13. Portmanteau word—a word formed from parts of other words.
Examples: Swatch formed from Swiss and watch; brunch formed from breakfast and lunch.
14. Tmesis—a word or phrase that is split in two and another word is added in the middle.
Examples: fan-freaking-tastic; I am so not going camping
PR Daily readers—any other favorite words about words?
Laura Hale Brockway is the author of the writing and editing blog impertinentremarks.com. | <urn:uuid:a9797d07-2c93-4905-a45e-1f0806b8e80b> | {
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Prediabetes—meaning your blood sugar is high, but not high enough to be considered full-fledged type 2 diabetes—is more common than ever: About 37% of Americans have it, according to a 2015 study published in JAMA. Yet less than one-quarter of them receive medication or lifestyle modification tips from their physicians, according to a 2016 University of Florida study published in the Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine.
Granted, drugs aren't always warranted. In fact, you ought to be wary if your doc recommends one right off the bat: The landmark NIH funded Diabetes Prevention Program study found that when it comes to prediabetes, the drug metformin is less effective than lifestyle interventions.
"Lifestyle is the mainstay treatment when it comes to prediabetes," says Deena Adimoolam, MD, assistant professor of medicine, endocrinology, bone disease and diabetes at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. Take these 8 steps to prevent your condition from progressing:
"The majority of cases come from being overweight or obese, so simply losing weight can go a long way in preventing you from sliding into actual diabetes," says Adimoolam. People with prediabetes who lose about 10% of their body weight within 6 months of being diagnosed slash their risk of developing full-blown diabetes within three years by 85%, according to a 2013 Johns Hopkins study. Shedding smaller amounts can help, too. "Just little steps such as cutting out sugary beverages like juice and soda can cut hundreds of calories and have a big impact," says Adimoolam.
Check your vitamin D levels.
People with prediabetes who had low levels of vitamin D were more than twice as likely to go on to develop diabetes than those who took a vitamin D supplement for almost two and a half years, according to a 2014 study presented at the International Society of Endocrinology meeting. In many cases, their blood sugar levels actually returned to normal. (If you think your blood sugar is high, check out these symptoms.)
There's no magic dose of D for everyone, so get your levels checked (it's a simple blood test) and ask your primary care physician for guidance.
Prevention Premium: 5 Scary Drug Combinations You Probably Wouldn't Think Twice About Taking
...and while you're at it, get your thyroid checked.
Having low levels of thyroid hormones—even if they're on the low end of the "normal" range—raises your risk of going from prediabetes to the full-on disease, according to a study presented last year at the Endocrine Society's annual meeting. Researchers suspect it's because thyroid hormones help keep your metabolism percolating—and if it slows down, it can lead to weight gain and insulin sensitivity, another risk factor. (In as little as 30 days, you can be a whole lot slimmer, way more energetic, and so much healthier just by following the simple, groundbreaking plan in The Thyroid Cure!)
Regular exercise is key in helping to stave off diabetes because it helps with weight loss and also appears to lower insulin levels, says Adimoolam. Don't worry if intense activities aren't your thing: Brisk walking (the equivalent of 11.5 miles per week) is even more effective than jogging when it comes to improving blood sugar in people who are prediabetic, according to a Duke University study published last year.
Eat the right fats.
Eating foods rich in polyunsaturated fat—things like veggie oils, fatty fish, seeds, and nuts—may reduce your risk of developing diabetes, especially when they take the place of carbs or saturated fat, according to a 2016 Tufts University review of more than 100 clinical trials. It's okay to eat some carbs, but "you need to stay away from anything white: white bread, white pasta, cookies, white rice, which can all spike your blood sugar and cause diabetes to progress," says Adimoolam. (Here's a healthy fat you're probably not eating, but should.)
Get screened for sleep apnea.
Many people with prediabetes also suffer from sleep apnea but don't know it. Treating these folks with a CPAP device at night—which blows a constant pressure of air through a tube and face mask, keeping your airways open—improves blood sugar levels and lowers your diabetes risk, according to a 2015 University of Chicago study published in the medical journal American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. If you snore or don't feel well rested despite regularly getting 7 to 8 hours of sleep, ask your primary care doc for a referral to a sleep specialist.
Cook your food the right way.
Obese people who poached, stewed, or steamed their food for a year lost weight and improved their insulin resistance compared to those who grilled, fried, or baked their meals, according to a Mount Sinai study published last year in the medical journal Diabetiologia. Researchers think this is because foods cooked in dry heat produce more advanced glycation end products, or AGEs, which previous research has linked to insulin resistance as well as inflammation throughout the body.
Get frequent screenings.
If you have prediabetes, you should be checked for diabetes annually, recommends the American Diabetes Association. Your doctor should also examine you for signs of heart disease, which includes screening you for high blood pressure and high cholesterol. | <urn:uuid:bb47b781-afe6-47ca-910a-a286e059468c> | {
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Iris C F Gomes
It was right from childhood that Vaishali Lall, a visualiser cum graphic designer at International Centre Goa, Miramar, had an affinity towards doodling mandalas. At the time, she had no idea what they were called or what they might stand for. ‘The process was soothing and beautiful,’ she says.
Mandala is the Sanskrit word for ‘disc’, ‘circle’, or ‘completion’, where a design is created within a circle. It goes back to ancient times when yantras were depicted on mandalas. Yantras are mantras or chants invoking the name of a particular deity. To create a yantra mandala, one had to study mythological texts for a number of years and detach oneself from the allurements of the world to work in perfect silence.
The mandala has been found to be an essential part of major religions. Western history shows us churches with representations on stained glass windows; there is the Celtic cross with the circle in the centre; and there would be a maze like structure, where the centre contains an energy force. Examples include Alkborough Church, N. Lincolnshire (Eastern England) and Hereford Cathedral, Herefordshire (Western England). There also exist Tibetan, Buddhist and Jain mandalas.
During the Neolithic Period, when the concept of god/goddess was emerging to enable man to comprehend the vagaries of nature, man saw god in the form of a triangle enclosed by a circle. Within this circle was contained that energy similar to that obtained from the circular sun and moon. ‘That is why, when you create a mandala you infuse it with your positive energy,’ says Vaishali.
Vaishali is a Fine Arts graduate from the Goa College of Art and has teaching experience of nearly ten years. She extended her teaching to workshops for people of all age groups. These workshops were mainly to do with oil paint on canvas, using acrylics, painting on glass, tiles and pots, etc. For the last five years, she has been at International Centre Goa and has continued with workshops on weekends and regular classes for people of different ages – from working women to children.
Initially when she attempted to introduce mandalas in her teaching people were not too receptive. They labelled them as rangoli patterns, which Vaishali deems much the same as a mandala for the consistency in the circular patterns used and the fact that they are made to welcome god into the home of a person. Therefore, the rangoli pattern itself serves as a vessel of positive energy.
It was at a friend’s house that Vaishali chanced upon a book on mandalas by David Fontana and her love for mandalas resurfaced. As she read on, she was introduced to Carl Jung and his research on mandalas and their use in therapy. ‘We never studied mandalas at art college. Even though we had to study psychology and Carl Jung, no mention was made about his research on mandalas,’ she says.
Vaishali, who categorises the mandalas into basic, meditation, and art therapy mandalas, goes on to say, ‘Just reading does not give one a complete experience of mandalas. You have to draw it yourself. I felt I had to teach it first to understand it myself.’ Carl Jung drew mandalas too and used them in his practice with his patients. The therapy had enormous benefits with one 55 year-old female patient testifying to the release of pent up emotions through the drawing of mandalas. The first workshop Vaishali had on mandalas did give her better insight and she witnessed the effects first-hand.
Basic mandalas are just geometric shapes that are given to the client to help them understand the concept. A circle is drawn and divided into four and filled with patterns. This mandala can be a healing conduit by itself, drawing the maker into a meditation state.
Meditation mandalas are of different types: they can be used in therapy and to bring out one’s true self. Some are created after chanting the name of god. Other meditation mandalas use focus on nature as inspiration. One concentrates on the positive aspects of nature (flowers, rivers, fountains, etc) and allows that energy to flow into the mandala. Vaishali tells of a girl from Bangalore who attended one of the workshops and was asked to create a lotus mandala. She drew the lotus with water around it and added snakes all around the circle, which she perceives as a source of strength in her life (she sees snakes in her dreams whenever there is some trouble in her life and feels they pass on some energy to help her overcome her trials). The girl also drew designs below the lotus symbolising her family members as the roots and a sun shining behind the lotus, which is the positive force in her life. The girl felt that she was able to resolve many of her problems after the workshop.
Vaishali has attempted mandala art therapy only twice. She has engaged HIV+ children at the Sunburst camp held by Positive People and Human Touch in mandala art therapy. She expresses a desire to work further with the children with this form of therapy because a one day workshop is very limited in what can be achieved. In art therapy mandalas, the concentration is on basic mandalas, the self, and what it is that one wants from life. Again, this is a long process and work needs to continue over a period of one or two years. The different shapes and colours, and their meaning, are introduced to the clients (for example, red represents warmth and love, a lotus stands for purity, and so on). Of course, the clients may have their own interpretations and they are asked about the representations in the mandalas during the process, for example, why they have used particular colours or shapes.
The people who come to Vaishali are usually not in the least artistically inclined, yet in the making of these mandalas some artistic genius is tapped to produce exquisite work. Even if they are assigned the same instructions, the mandala will contain an element of the creator, thus setting it apart from the rest. Vaishali asserts that she has never come across a mandala with negative connotations; the mandalas are always beautiful – vibrant with positivity.
She has decided to make a deeper study of meditation mandalas and the work of Carl Jung and David Fontana. She plans to have a one year course on meditation mandalas at International Centre Goa from the 31st of July, every Sunday from 10 am to 1 pm. This will allow students to work at their own pace without rushing with their painting, and they will be able to discover themselves more comprehensively.
Vaishali, who has even had a Lebanese woman come to meet her all the way from Venezuela to learn about mandalas, advises, ‘The beauty of the mandala is that you can keep adding to it. It doesn’t have to end. Never allow questions to enter your mind, such as what colour you should use and so on. Just allow yourself to flow.’ And the result is a vivid representation of your inner positive energy. | <urn:uuid:b24e064f-0308-4846-8d66-8a5ba9a9755c> | {
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By Rushi Shahiwala, PT
Nearly everyone suffers from pain at some point in their lifetime. According to the American Academy of Pain Medicine, chronic pain affects 100 million Americans, which is more than diabetes, heart disease, and cancer combined. The National Institutes of Health estimate that pain also represents a big economic burden in the United States, costing anywhere between $560 and $635 billion each year. The majority of patients who undergo physical therapy experience some form of pain. And yet, despite the fact that pain is a common occurrence and a large burden on individuals and the society, it remains a difficult condition to diagnose and treat. This is partly due to the fact that pain is a subjective perception that is difficult to measure objectively. For example, the amount of pain that a person feels is not necessarily related to the amount of damage in the tissue. The amount of pain can also vary with the environment or psychological state, and people often report feeling more pain if they are depressed. Given these complexities in pain perception, treatment of pain often requires multiple modalities. In this article, I will discuss the methods that I commonly use with my patients at the Sports Science Lab, Staten Island, NY, and discuss the specific conditions for which they are used.
The following companies provide products for pain management:
Amrex Electrotherapy Equipment
Battle Creek Equipment Company
Biofreeze (Performance Health)
E-Z Release Myofascial Technique
PHS Medical by Pivotal Health Solutions
Sombra Professional Therapy Products
Sore No More
Physiology of Pain
This unique way of how we experience pain is due to the intricate nature of brain pathways that respond to pain. Nociceptors in peripheral tissues detect painful stimuli and transmit this information to the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. When neurons in the dorsal horn reach a critical level of excitation from the peripheral nerves, the information is transmitted to higher centers in the brain, which analyze it and produce an appropriate response. Each synapse in the pain pathways can be modulated by inputs from other sensory systems, and the brain’s response to pain varies based on environmental and physiological conditions. For example, when pain persists, nociceptors become more sensitive, meaning that even a weak stimulus can produce a painful feeling, which is a mechanism for chronic pain.
Pain can be classified into two broad categories, based on which part of the pathway is affected. Nociceptive pain is experienced when nociceptors, or pain receptors, are involved. Nociceptive pain can be further subdivided into somatic or musculoskeletal pain, which is felt on the skin, muscles, joints, bones, and ligaments; and visceral pain, which is felt on the internal organs. Nociceptors detect various sensory modalities, including temperature, vibration, stretch, and inflammation, all of which can produce painful sensations if present at a high enough level. Non-nociceptive pain, on the other hand, affects the central nervous system. “Pinched nerve,” for example, often refers to non-nociceptive pain because it affects the nerve itself and not the nerve endings.
Pain Management in Physical Therapy
In physical therapy, the goal of pain management is not only to reduce a patient’s sensation of pain, but also to address the underlying causes. As a physical therapist, I take a multidimensional approach to treatment and use modalities that address both symptoms and causes of pain in each patient. Considering the complexity of pain physiology, it is not surprising that a one-size-fits-all approach is not effective in pain management. While I use manual therapy on the majority of my patients, I prefer to combine it with other methods in order to achieve maximal pain relief and recover the full range of motion. Recent advances in technology provide physical therapists with novel methods of treating pain, speeding up recovery, returning the full function, and restoring the range of motion. These include lasers, cryotherapy, IFC, pneumatic compression, ultrasound, and topical analgesics.
Lasers have become a popular choice of pain treatment in recent years. Light emitted by lasers penetrates the skin and is absorbed by cells in muscles, joints, blood, and nerves. Light energy stimulates cellular reactions that produce enzymes, increase blood and lymph flow, and stimulate collagen production, all of which accelerate the healing process and reduce inflammation and pain. Each wavelength of light targets specific cellular processes. At the Sports Science Lab, I use LaserStim’s TARGET technology with MR 4 Laser Stim produced by Multiradiance Medical. This technology combines super pulsed laser (905 nm), which penetrates deeply into the tissue to promote healing; Infrared (875 nm) diode that has mid-depth penetration to stimulate healing and reduce pain; Red LED (660 nm) that treats superficial tissue; and infrared diodes and static magnetic field that keep ionized molecules in a dissociated state, thereby enhancing the tissue’s potential to absorb energy.
Laser therapy has many applications and can be used in both acute and chronic conditions and has no to minimal side effects. It is my first choice of treatment in postsurgical cases such as cervical and lumbar discectomy / laminectomy, THR, TKR, ACL repairs, rotator cuff repairs, etc, which are more commonly seen at our clinic and lab. Because its mechanism of action involves electrical conduction of the tissue to deliver the correct dose, it can be billed under Electrical Stimulation code for insurance reimbursement. M4 Laserstim also measures the electro-conductivity of the tissue itself and delivers the right dose of laser energy to the targeted area. The amount of energy self-adjusts as the physical condition transitions from acute to subacute to chronic state, and therefore eliminates the danger of overtreating the area.
Hot and Cold, and Cryotherapy
Ice or cold therapy has been used for a long time as an effective treatment for inflammation and pain. Cold temperatures constrict the blood vessels and slow nerve impulses, resulting in reduced swelling and numbing of the injured tissue. Until recently, ice packs or cold packs were the most common methods of administering cold therapy. Historically, these methods have been used to provide local relief of pain in the iced area. Some of the products available to help achieve these effects include Ice It! Cold Comfort Therapy compresses from Battle Creek Equipment Co, Fremont, Ind, designed to fit specific areas of the body so they may be applied without being held in place. The company also offers products for the application of heat such as Thermophore Deep Heat packs, designed to be able to concentrate intense moist heat to areas such as the knee and shoulder. Other types of wraps that provide similar effects include ActiveWrap for Heat & Ice Wraps from ActiveWrap Inc, Irvine, Calif, and Elasto-Gel hot and cold therapy wraps from Southwest Technologies Inc, North Kansas City, Mo.
Recent studies indicate that the body must be exposed to temperatures of -110° Celsius (-166° Fahrenheit) or colder to have significant effects on inflammation. These temperatures obviously cannot be reached with an ice pack or an ice bath, but can be reached with cryotherapy.
The Dynatron Solaris (709 series) from Dynatronics Corp, Salt Lake City, is an all-in-one stimulation machine that includes IFC/Pre Mod, Russian, microcurrent, high voltage, and biphasic settings, making it extremely convenient for use in a busy practice. The pre-modulated setting is the modality of choice for treating acute and chronic pain in larger areas, such as the back, neck, hips, or shoulders. IFC uses four electrodes to deliver two currents, one with a constant frequency of 4000 Hz and the other with a variable frequency of 4000 to 4150 Hz. The two frequencies cross to produce a therapeutic frequency between 1 and 150 Hz. This mode of delivery allows the current to penetrate the tissue with less impedance compared to a TENS machine, which uses biphasic pulsed current. IFC can be used to treat circulatory disorders, increase range of motion, reduce edema, and suppress muscle spasms. Two common IFC/premodulated settings on the Dynatron Solaris are the lower frequency (between 0 and 10 Hz), which is used to release endorphins from the central nervous system, making it a good choice for treating chronic pain; and higher frequency (between 80 and 150 Hz), which is used to treat short-term pain.
In the clinic, I use the high frequency IFC prior to manual therapy after acute injuries in order to block the pain signals from the affected area. This method improves the efficacy of manual therapy, as the patient is in less pain and is thus more responsive to therapy. In the subacute phase, I use the low and high frequency IFC (between 1 and 150 Hz) after manual therapy and exercises to get short-term pain relief with high frequency and longer-term relief with shorter frequency. I use high frequency IFC for my clients with neurogenic pain in the cervical or lumbar spine, which makes nerve flossing, joint mobilization, and deep-tissue release easier to perform. Additionally, in chronic conditions such as osteoarthritis, I use a lower frequency (1 to 10 Hz) setting in order to increase the release of endorphins in the central nervous system and achieve long-term pain relief. With the Dynatron Solaris devices, any of the four channels may be used simultaneously to deliver up to four separate, independent premodulated treatments, so that multiple patients can be treated simultaneously with one machine.
To mimic the benefits of this machine at home, I recommend using a TENS machine in combination with an ice pack. These machines can be purchased for under $100 through health care providers or online. They can be used for as long as a person needs with no side effects. My patients like the TENS 7000 by Roscoe Medical Inc, which comes with four self-adhesive electrodes, frequency settings between 2 and 150 Hz, and pulse durations of up to 300 microseconds. To make the use of the TENS machine easier, I advise my patients to keep the MODE setting on M (Modulation Mode) to prevent adaptation of the painful area over time. For acute pain, the best results are achieved at a frequency of 100 Hz with pulse width of 2 to 20 microseconds. For chronic pain, the machine should be set at 0 to 10 Hz and pulse width at 250 to 300 microseconds. I always ensure that the patients understand all precautions and contraindications, and that they are capable of using the machine safely.
In my experience, ultrasound is useful for treating acute postsurgical pain after cervical and lumbar spinal surgery, total knee and hip replacement or ankle repair, when swelling and inflammation prevent the patient from participating in exercise therapy and day-to-day activities. Ultrasound is a gentle treatment modality that produces no negative side effects and is a good choice for patients who cannot handle other treatments. The most common dose I use is 20% to 50%, depending on whether the condition is acute, at a frequency of 1 or 3 mHz, depending on how much depth I want in the tissue, for about 10 minutes. I use a maximum of eight to 10 sessions if I see that the treatment is effective. I stop the treatment within the first three to four sessions if I do not see an effect. Exercise or manual therapy of the area is usually followed by the application of therapeutic ultrasound. I also use ultrasound phonophoresis, a noninvasive method of delivering medication subcutaneously. This method is ideal for patients who do not tolerate injections, but wish to receive anti-inflammatory medication, such as cortisone or diclofenac sodium.
Ultrasound is also a good method for reducing tissue sensitivity and trigger point intensity before manual therapy, as it delivers a deep heat into deep, hard-to-reach muscles, such as the trapezius (before treatment of neck pain), gluteus (before treatment of hip pain) or latissimus and paraspinalis muscles before manual treatment of the spine. The common dose I use is 1 mHz * 10 mins * 1-1.2 cm2 * 100%. I have also found ultrasound useful (with 30% to 40% success rate) for treating calcific tendonitis cases of the shoulder, with the settings of 1.4- 1.5 wcm2 at 20% to 30% pulse for 5 minutes for 15 sessions, as follow-up x rays have shown that this protocol produces good results.
Similar to icing, which is the original cold therapy, topical analgesics Biofreeze and Cryoderm reduce arterial blood flow to the applied area, while increasing circulation in the skin. While icing can be effective in treating pain, it has some disadvantages, such as stiffness, skin irritation, temporary pain and numbness, and the fact that it requires inactivity during application. Topical analgesics have several advantages, including that their use does not require inactivity during application and they have long lasting effects. Topical analgesics are also perceived as being pleasant, and the coolness penetrates deep into the skin. Topical analgesics provide pain relief through the action of menthol, the active ingredient, which has counter-irritant effects. Simply stated, a counter-irritant overrides noxious pain signals to the brain by modulating nociceptive and non-nociceptive neurons. More recently, laboratory researchers have discovered that menthol stimulates the TRPM8 cold receptors, which are involved in transmission of pain.
Biofreeze, from Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio-based Performance Health, was first introduced in 1991 by a scientist who was searching for a way to help his grandmother manage her arthritic pain. Nowadays, it is one of the best-selling topical analgesics in the market. Its active ingredient is menthol (3.5%), and its inactive ingredients are camphor (for scent), carbomer, glycerine, herbal extract (ILEX Paraguariensis), isopropyl alcohol, methyl paraben, propylene glycol, silicon dioxide, and triethanolamine. Biofreeze comes in tube, roll-on, and spray forms. Cryoderm, from Margate, Fla-based Cryoderm, contains a cooling and heating gel/spray. The form of Cryoderm we use the most is the cooling gel form because it provides a deeper cooling and longer-lasting effect than Biofreeze, which patients describe as providing superficial cooling sensation for a few minutes. The active ingredient in Cryoderm is menthol (10%), and its inactive ingredients are arnica, Boswella serrata, eucalyptus oil, and peppermint oil (cooling spray). Cryoderm can be used before ultrasound treatment to improve the deeper cooling feeling in the trigger point area.
Recent advances in technology have developed many new modalities for the treatment of pain in physical therapy. While manual therapy still remains my treatment of choice in most patients, emerging trends in treatment are moving toward using these traditional treatments in combination with new, noninvasive technologies, such as lasers and intermittent pneumatic compression devices and cryotherapy. Understanding of the underlying causes of pain and the available technologies that address them is key to successful pain management and restoration of function in physical therapy patients. PTP
Rushi Shahiwala, PT, is director of the Sports Science Lab, Staten Island, New York, and a clinical instructor for Columbia University. He is also affiliated with the Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) as an Advanced Hip Clinician. Rushi has worked extensively with professional athletes of every sport for postsurgical rehabilitation, injury prevention of chronic injuries, as well as accelerated recovery between games. He is trained in the Active Release Technique (ART) and IASTM (Instrument Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilization), and is a certified speed, agility and fitness specialist, golf specialist, and running specialist. For more information, contact [email protected]. | <urn:uuid:32661a01-aef9-4002-9508-c0f7b7571ada> | {
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Uganda’s Rwenzori Mountains rise 5000m from the heart of Africa. At their summits are some the only equatorial glaciers on Earth. But these “Mountains of the Moon,” whose very existence caused a sensation in Europe when they were first climbed in 1906, are changing fast. Their glaciers have shrunk by more than 80% in the last century, and scientists predict that the remaining ice will disappear in less than 20 years. The future of the mountains, their remarkable endemic biodiversity, and the Bakonjo people who call them home is uncertain.
Snows of the Nile follows Neil Losin and Nate Dappen, two scientists and photographers, on an ambitious expedition to re-capture historical glacier photographs from the Rwenzoris. If they could retrace the steps of the Duke of Abruzzi’s legendary 1906 ascent, brave the Rwenzoris' notoriously unpredictable weather, and re-capture Vittorio Sella's glacier photos, their images would bear witness to a century of climate change.
Official Website: snowsofthenile.com | <urn:uuid:3fab79be-bf7b-4e33-9557-d9c1ab09befc> | {
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Dry Drowning: What You Need to Know About This Water Danger
What you may not know is that drowning can take a variety of forms, and that after a person has been submerged in water—even if the episode only lasted several seconds and did not require resuscitation—the danger may not be over.
No doubt you’re aware that it’s crucial to watch your kids closely when they’re near water. And you probably know that when you’re in a pool or lake, you should stay within arm’s reach of children who can’t swim because drowning incidents can happen silently and quickly—sometimes in a matter of seconds. But what you may not know is that drowning can take a variety of forms, and that after a person has been submerged in water—even if the episode only lasted several seconds and did not require resuscitation—the danger may not be over. Once the lungs have inhaled water, this can damage the lung sacs and lead to swelling, which in turn, can disrupt the exchange of oxygen and
“The effects of aspirating (inhaling) liquid into the lungs aren’t always immediate,” says Kaia Knutson, M.D., chief resident for the emergency medicine and pediatrics program at Indiana University Health. And it could lead to a phenomenon known as dry drowning, secondary drowning, or passive drowning. “But these terms are misleading because the physiology behind all of them is the same,” says Dr. Knutson. “Drowning is a process, not an outcome, and after the lungs have been submerged in liquid, the drowning process can continue over time and cause respiratory impairment.” To find out what you can do to protect your loved ones from this condition, Dr. Knutson explains here.
When most people think about drowning, they tend to think of someone who goes underwater, loses consciousness, and needs resuscitation. But drowning doesn’t always look like that and it doesn’t even have to involve a lot of water. “For instance, a 4-year-old could take in less than an ounce of water into his lungs and cough it out, and it could lead to respiratory distress syndrome several hours later,” says Dr. Knutson.
Fortunately, it is possible to halt this process in its tracks. The most important thing you can do after your child has inhaled water is to watch for signs of breathing problems. “If a child continues to cough, wheeze, or breathe quickly within six hours of the incident, those are signs he needs to go to the emergency room,” says Dr. Knutson. At the hospital, doctors will be able to evaluate respiratory function and provide oxygen, among other supportive care strategies.
Of course, the best way to avoid a drowning incident is to be vigilant about water safety. “Children, particularly those younger than 4, are most at risk of drowning,” says Dr. Knutson. So parents need to be in the water, close by their young children. And when it comes to older children, parents should be supervising carefully, and not on cell phones or drinking alcohol.
“With any water activity, there is always risk, so it’s important to make your child aware that water can be dangerous,” says Dr. Knutson. “Even if children think they are strong swimmers, they must learn that water conditions can be inconsistent, and they need to respect the water.”
The same applies to adolescents and adults. “There is a big peak in drowning among males ages 16 to 24,” says Dr. Knutson, who notes that 70 percent of drowning incidents involve alcohol in young adults. No matter your age or swimming level, have a buddy system and don’t drink alcohol. And when you’re on a boat, wear a life jacket. You can never be too careful when water is involved.
-- By Rachel Rabkin Peachman | <urn:uuid:fca62bb6-f17a-426c-82b5-dc4fd32d42bf> | {
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New York: Holley & Colburn; Privately Published, 1858. Hardcover. Item #42055
This book was published just twenty-nine years after the first common carrier railroad in America became operational. Most new railroad mechanical and operational designs and methods were still coming from Europe. "In comparing our [United States] railways in these respects [Roadbed and Superstructure and Locomotives], with those of Europe, we find that while the first cost of roadbed and superstructure of those of the latter is but little greater, [however] their expenses per mile run, for Maintenance of Way, is but two-fifths that in this country, while their consumption of fuel for equal mileage, is less than 60 percent, of the quantity burned in our locomotives." Clearly, improvements in American railroading needed to be made. 168 pages with chapters on "Comparative Working of European and American Lines," "Earthwork and Drainage," "Ballast," "Sleepers," "Rails," "Rail Joints," "Coal-Burning Boilers; English and American Coal," "Combustion of Coal," "Coal-Burning Boiler of London and South Western Railroad," "McConnell's Boiler," and "Coal-Burning Boilers With Inclined Grate." All fifty-one engraved plates by J. Bien, plus two maps are present. Plates feature engravings of standard sections of roadbed, drainage, earthwork, creosoting sleepers, standard rail sections, rail joints, combustion, coal-burning locomotive boilers, etc.. Bound in original brown cloth with design and border on the covers stamped in blind, and lettering on the spine stamped in gilt. Professionally rebacked with original cloth spine pressed on. Gilt lettering dulled. Occasional, seldom, small spots of foxing throughout. A handsome, very good copy. | <urn:uuid:f5003d5d-2415-4eba-8dc9-9fe08a56d15a> | {
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It is day 7 of the 30 minus 2 days of writing hosted by Nicky and Mike of We Work For Cheese. Today's prompt is "Texting". For me it was more like a test I didn't study for. Visit Nicky's page to see what the other long-suffering participants have written.
Way back in the dark ages before smart phones and home computers there was shorthand. The Gregg version was invented by John Robert Gregg in 1888. I took it in high school, (more recently than 1888) and it was probably my favorite class. All the letters and sounds of the alphabet are represented, but the key to shorthand are brief forms. Brief forms are words or phrases represented by one symbol, which increased efficiency.
After learning the alphabet and brief forms, we took dictation. This was the fun part. We started out at around 40-60 words per minute, and worked up. I think my max rate was 140 words per minute. We had to take and successfully transcribe 120 wpm to pass. The funny thing was that after taking it at 110 or 120, going back to 90 or 100 was actually harder. I think it was because we were used to the higher speed and had to recalibrate.
Thanks to modern technology, shorthand is a dying art. Now we have computers and automated dictation equipment. So how does all this tie in to texting? Although serving different purposes, the brief forms used in shorthand are similar to the shortened words and phrases used in texting. This new language allows us to convey our thoughts in 160 characters or less. That's important when we're typing with just our thumbs.
We've actually used abbreviations like these for years such as FYI, BYOB, ASAP. BTW, there are enough out there to MEGO. I'll leave you with this list of shortcuts so you can tune up your texting skills. TAFN. CUL8R.
PS - What are some of your favorite texting short cuts?
PPS - Did anyone else take shorthand? | <urn:uuid:fcb4efab-d94a-4e07-964c-d3872384e09a> | {
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Employment law is a large body of law which mandates processes and regulations for hiring, managing and firing staff. It is a complicated field which requires detailed study to understand, so businesses
Employment law is a large body of law which mandates processes and regulations for hiring, managing and firing staff. It is a complicated field which requires detailed study to understand, so businesses hire lawyers to ensure they are meeting their obligations. There are regulations that cover everything in the employment lifecycle, from vetting job applicants, to creating a contract, setting wages and hours, paying salaries and entitlements, handling PAYG tax payments, keeping records and terminating employees.
What standards are set in employment law to protect employees?
All employers should read and understand the fair work act, which provides ten employment standards in the following areas:
Hours of work
Request for flexible working arrangements
Community service leave
Unpaid parental leave
Paid parental leave
Notice of termination and redundancy pay
Employers must also provide Fair Work Information Statements to employees when requested.
What other responsibilities are placed on employers?
A wide range of matters arise during the employment relationship that require careful management in order to ensure that a positive ongoing relationship is maintained, and that there is compliance with relevant legal obligations. It is important for employers to know the following:
Benefits and entitlements may be regulated by a collective agreement made by a union, and if not then they are covered by the National Employment Standards.
Wages can be paid weekly, fortnightly or monthly, and employers must issue pay slips to employees within one day of making payment.
Superannuation must be paid to all employees, except casual employees. The current minimum rate is 9.5% of the employee's salary.
Long service leave is available after between 7 and 15 years of continuous employment with the same or a related employer, depending which state or territory the business is
Taxation must be deducted in income tax instalments (PAYG instalments) from employees' wages and sent to the Australian Tax Office (ATO).
Varying terms and conditions of employment can only be made bilaterally by an agreement of the employer and the employee.
Occupational health and safety requires employers to ensure, the health, safety and welfare of their employees in the workplace (as far as is reasonably possible, at least). These standards are defined by state and federal law.
Records must be kept about employees wages, tax, superannuation and hours for 7 years.
Firing an employee can be done by exercising a contractual or statutory right to terminate, by agreement or by operation of law.
Notice requirements for termination change depending on the length of service. At the lowest end, new employees are entitled to one week's notice. After 5 years of continuous employment they are entitled to four weeks notice. Written notice on the day of termination must be given.
Redundancy pay must be given if an employee is terminated because the role is no longer required or the business is insolvent.
Summary termination is available for serious misconduct and requires no period of notice.
Protection from unfair dismissal is usually available after 6 months of service. A person is unfairly dismissed if their dismissal was harsh, unjust or unreasonable. Reinstatement or compensation are the typical requirements of an employer if found guilty of unfair dismissal.
Termination payments must often be paid to the employee. This includes accrued but untaken annual leave, accrued wages for work performed and payment in lieu of notice
General protections are also offered under the Fair Work Act. Employers are prohibited from taking 'adverse action' against an employee because the employee has exercised a 'workplace right'.
Discrimination in employment is prohibited in all states and territories of Australia. | <urn:uuid:1bc2ca5b-5a84-4c46-afb0-f998108493b9> | {
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Astronomers wonder: Why the weird orbit, moons?
Neptune’s moons are behaving strangely, and astronomers don’t know why
With 14 moons, Neptune has a lot on its plate. This surprisingly large planet on the outer edge of our solar system is big, bold, and beautiful, but recently, astronomers have discovered something even more interesting about this rarely-visited celestial body: its moons are weird.
Neptune: The basics
Even though it’s all the way out there, Neptune isn’t a planet you want to mess with. It is nearly 3 billion miles away from the sun (over 30 times the distance between Earth and the sun), and people (via spacecraft) have only visited it once: in 1989, the Voyager 2 mission flew past and snapped some sweet shots of the enormous ice giant.
Despite its icy interior (and gaseous exterior), Neptune is over four times the width of Earth. Time is also different on Neptune: were the planet capable of sustaining life, one day in Neptune — one rotation of the planet — would only take 16 hours, while one year — one rotation around the sun — would take nearly 165 years. But its physical features are far from the most interesting elements of this planetary wonder.
Neptune has 14 moons, all named after Greek gods and sea nymphs in keeping with its patriarch. But recently, astronomers have realized that two of these moons aren’t behaving like normal moons; in fact, they’re doing a dance more akin to carousel horses than to traditional moon orbits.
“Instead of orbiting Neptune in a locked ring shape, two moons appeared to be jumping over each other
Using NASA’s Hubbel Space Telescope, powerful telescopes on Earth, and information from the Voyager 2 mission, astronomers started observing the movements of Neptune’s moons in 1981. What they found after a couple of decades of observation was startling: instead of orbiting Neptune in a locked ring shape, two moons appeared to be jumping over each other, looping each other, and moving in accordance with each other in a strange celestial dance.
Naiad and Thalassa, the main characters of this space-based performance, are relatively close neighbors. Separated by only 1,150 miles, the two moons have devised a way to avoid running into each other. While other celestial bodies have been known to move and adjust based on their neighbors (and their unspoken desire to avoid destruction), astronomers have never seen this specific type of orbit dance-movement before.
What’s up with these orbits?
Most moons, including our own, orbit their host planets in a predictable, steady loop. There are nearly 200 known moons in our solar system, and Earth’s moon is one of the largest (5th biggest, to be exact). A couple of planets, like Mercury and Venus, don’t host moons at all, but other planets have tons — Jupiter, for example, has 79 moons orbiting its enormous self. However, more moons mean more problems: even Neptune’s 14 moons have to work together to make sure they don’t destroy each other. And that’s exactly what Naiad and Thalassa are doing.
Naiad is the dance partner doing all the work, according to astronomers‘ observations. While Thalassa has a strict, steady rotation around Neptune, Naiad seems to jump up and down and all around its partner, orbiting Neptune in about seven and a half hours to Thalassa’s seven.
Naiad doesn’t just want to show off, it is actively trying to avoid being hit by another moon. Astronomers predict that its unusual orbit was actually created by an altercation with another moon countless years ago, which knocked Naiad close to Thalassa. Mark Showalter, an astronomer, suggests that “Naiad and Thalassa have probably been locked together in this configuration for a very long time, because it makes their orbits more stable.”
Neptune’s dancing moons are just one of the recently-discovered wonders of our solar system. What will mysteries will astronomers solve next?
A deeper dive — Related reading from the 101:
- Insane rules for astronauts will make you rethink space travel | Science101
Want to be a part of the next mission to Neptune? These rules might make you rethink your plans.
- Space X: Breathing new life into space travel | Science101
Space X might fund the next interplanetary journey! | <urn:uuid:aa4e1203-7750-4b59-b78a-7e0888185a89> | {
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An introduction to Cornwall and its languages, Anita van Adelsbergen
The Cornish are often overlooked when it comes down to English language, culture and society. However, Cornish culture is very rich and the Cornish people have definitely made their mark on societies around the world. As experts in their field, the Cornish miners travelled out to several continents to transfer their knowledge, including Australia and the United States of America. Many of them actually ended up in politics, such as the Penn family of Penn-sylvania. This presentation discusses Cornish culture, history and the Cornish languages, i.e. the Cornish dialect and the Cornish (Celtic) language revival. A short introduction to the Cornish language will be provided!
About the presenter
Anita van Adelsbergen MA CL is a Chartered Linguist in the UK and sworn translator in the Netherlands. During her English MA degree, she studied Celtic and American Studies at Utrecht University. She finalised her MA research project on Cornish-Americans there as well. After her studies, she continued researching the Cornish and their (Celtic) history, as well as the Cornish and Welsh languages.
The diverse skills and roles for language professionals in academia and science, Jackie Senior & Kate McIntyre
Academic researchers need to publish at the highest level of impact, which puts non-native speakers of English at a major disadvantage. They can employ language professionals (LP, editors/translators) to help level the playing field. We will discuss the skills and attitudes needed for working on specialized tasks for different stakeholders, and present concrete and anecdotal evidence of LPs’ added value.
LPs working for researchers and academic departments may perform editing, translation, copywriting, teaching and website maintenance. Being available to comment at each step of the research process – from idea to proposal, from presentation to publication – enables the LPs to help train PhD students and post-doctoral researchers.
For specific editorial services, LPs will need to keep up with the formatting, style guidelines, and content required by leading academic journals and funding bodies. They must ensure that the English in a text is correct and comprehensible to a global audience, but also that the content is fit for purpose and of sufficiently high standard to give it the best chance of being published or funded.
LPs should be interested in academic work and scientifically literate. And they need to be calm, friendly and service-minded, flexible in their working hours, and able to cope with the stress of impossible demands and tight deadlines.
About the presenters
Jackie Senior worked as editor/webmaster for the Dept. of Genetics, University of Groningen/University Medical Centre Groningen, the Netherlands, from 2007–2018. Kate McIntyre has taken over this position. Jackie Senior works primarily on biomedical and earth science texts. She started as a geologist working for Shell but joined the UMC Utrecht’s genetics group in 1995. She has been editing/translating for more than 40 years. She was a founder member of SENSE in 1990, served twice on its Executive Committee and is an honorary member.
Kate McIntyre did post-doctoral research in geochemistry at U.C. Santa Barbara and at CALTECH. After moving to the Netherlands, she started freelance editing in 2010 and has led workshops on academic writing for graduate students. She has also published one children’s book in Dutch, De knikkelares.
Translating for fun and profit, Peter Smethurst
This session will concentrate on working smarter rather than harder and on ideas and methods to ensure a good night’s sleep. It will use an imaginary job to look at the entire process from beginning to end, including all the boring but essential stuff that helps things go as smoothly as possible. Many translators waste a lot of time and lose a lot of sleep because they have not planned their work properly, spend time firefighting and clearing up, are not sure where they are with billing, who has paid them, or what to do when the BTW or income tax bills arrive. I will draw on my experience of running my own business and previously in finance to offer tips and ideas that have served me well.
About the presenter
After qualifying as a chartered accountant, Peter moved to the Netherlands in 1981. Following jobs in finance and the computer industry, he began as a professional translator 25 years ago, first as an employee and after 18 months as a zzp’er. He specialises in financial and other commercial work.
Introduction to Search Engine Optimisation, Francis Cox
How do you write online content that’s optimised for search engines so that it drives traffic to your client’s website or your own? Search Engine Optimisation is one of the most misunderstood (and fear-inducing) subjects when it comes to online communication. This presentation aims to demystify SEO by explaining the following:
By the end of this presentation, attendees will have a basic understanding of SEO so that they can put it into practice for themselves.
About the presenter
After over 20 years as a freelance English copywriter, Francis Cox has done it all. OEM, automotive, medical technology, pharmaceuticals, logistics, marine engineering, financial services, food, animal nutrition, recruitment, chemicals, non-profit and more. As a result, he has extensive experience writing a wide range of marketing materials: blogs, social media, webpages, interactive online presentations, ads, press releases, customer case studies, videos, direct marketing materials, brochures, product presentations, articles, plus internal and external newsletters.
SENSE Conferences and PDDs
The SENSE strategy is to organize conferences and professional development days in alternate years. The first SENSE conference was held in Utrecht in 2015 to mark 25 years of SENSE.
SENSE held its next conference in 2018 in ’s Hertogenbosch. The conference started on Saturday with lunch and closed on Sunday at lunch time. The programme also included pre-conference workshops and off-conference activities.
SENSE is getting ready to launch registration for the 2020 conference which will also mark SENSE's 30th anniversary.
The SENSE 2020 Jubilee Conference will be taking place from 6 to 7 June 2020 in Maastricht (or Mestreech to the locals). English-language professionals will come and gather in the city on the Meuse under the theme ‘20/20 (Re)Vision: Honing our skills to meet market challenges’. Expect intensive workshops on the Friday (5 June), off-conference activities on Saturday morning, a programme of talks with parallel sessions on Saturday afternoon, culminating in pre-dinner drinks, or a ‘borrel’ as they say in Dutch, and the gala dinner that evening. Then we will pick up again on Sunday morning (not too early, don’t worry), leaving the afternoon for some leisure time.
The internal Professional Development Day (PDD) is a one-day conference by SENSE members for members and non-members of SENSE. Click here for information about the 2019 PDD.
The next PDD will be held in September 2021.
When: Saturday 21 September 2019,
Registration opens at 9:00, the borrel will finish at 18:30
Come join us for our Professional Development Day, the biennial event in which SENSE members learn from (and with) other members. This year's programme will include two great plenary talks, our first-ever translation slam and presentations by some of the society's best translators, copywriters and editors. There will also be plenty of time to socialise and network during the yummy buffet lunch and the end-of-the-day borrel. Don't miss it!
Sign up (click the Register button on the event page) before the end of the day on 31 August to take advantage of a €25 early-bird discount!
SENSE members (through 31 August): €60
SENSE members (from 1 September): €85
Non-members (through 31 August): €120
Non-members (from 1 September): €145
Attendance at the SENSE PDD will entitle you to 6 PE points.
Click here to register. Members, remember to log in!
|Time||What we are doing|
Time for tea or coffee and networking
|9:30–9:40||Welcome and introduction|
|10:30–11:00||Coffee break & networking|
|11:00–11:50||An introduction to Cornwall and its languages
(Anita van Adelsbergen)
|Translating in architecture
Translating for fun and profit
|Copywriting: what is it and could you do it?
|12:45–13:45||Lunch break & networking|
|13:45–14:35||What not to forget in your quotation
(John Linnegar & Jenny Zonneveld)
|Introduction to Search Engine Optimisation
|The diverse skills and roles for language professionals in academia & science
(Jackie Senior & Kate McIntyre)
|15:30–16:00||Tea break & networking
|16:00–17:15||High-level writing, rhythm and flow
||Drinks, hapjes and (more) networking|
SENSE 2020 Conference (6-7 June)
The SENSE 2020 Jubilee Conference will be taking place from 6 to 7 June 2020 in Maastricht (or Mestreech to the locals). English-language professionals will come and gather in the city on the Meuse under the theme ‘20/20 (Re)Vision: Honing our skills to meet market challenges’.
Expect intensive workshops on the Friday (5 June), off-conference activities on Saturday morning, a programme of talks with parallel sessions on Saturday afternoon, culminating in pre-dinner drinks, or a ‘borrel’ as they say in Dutch, and the gala dinner that evening. Then we will pick up again on Sunday morning (not too early, don’t worry), leaving the afternoon for some leisure time.
Invited guests will also be joining us in Limburg to give keynote talks.
If you are a professional working with the English language, do join us for a packed programme with content on editing, translation, writing, technology, peer learning, and more.
We are currently finalizing the programme and will open up registration shortly.
© Image by photographer Michael Hartwigsen, taken at the 2018 SENSE Conference in Hotel Centraal, Den Bosch, 9-10 June 2018. All rights reserved.
trends affecting language professionals
Sunday, 10 June
12:15–13:15, PLENARY TALK
Sarah Griffin-Mason, Trends in translating and interpreting to 2050
Editing, translating and interpreting are professions on the move as the dual challenges of globalization and mechanization extend ever deeper into the language service sector.
I will present messages on key issues likely to affect practitioners in their professional lives in the coming generation on the basis of information gleaned from the International Federation of Translation* (FIT-IFT) conference held in Brisbane, Australia in early August 2017.
The aim is to encourage debate on key current issues such as artificial intelligence, the visibility and value of language service providers, the shortcomings of the gig economy, and the absence of right to title. An understanding of these issues and how they might develop over the coming years will empower practitioners to prepare for the forthcoming disruption, to adapt appropriately to the challenges, and to resist the more pernicious potential impacts of changing professional practices.
* FIT is an international grouping of associations of translators, interpreters and terminologists with more than 100 affiliated professional associations and training institutes, representing more than 80,000 translators in 55 countries. The international triennial conference therefore provides a broad and in-depth overview of the language service sector worldwide.
About the presenter
Sarah Griffin-Mason is the current chair of the Institute of Translation and Interpreting and senior lecturer in Translation Studies at the University of Portsmouth, where she mostly teaches Spanish-to-English specialised translation and professional aspects of translation. She trained as a translator and editor in the InterPress Service in Montevideo, Uruguay in the 1990s and also runs a business as a freelance translator and editor for clients. These include NGOs and international entities such as UNICEF-TACRO, Plan International and the European Training Foundation.
Sunday, 10 June
11:20–12:00, PRESENTATION SESSIONS 5
Jackie Senior, Joy Burrough, Carol Norris, Nigel Harwood, Panel discussion: Putting the Dutch practice on editing texts for doctoral theses/dissertations into an international context
For the four panellists involved in the editing (or proofreading) of student writing in one way or another – two from the Netherlands, one from Finland and another from the UK – SENSE Conference 2018 presents a unique opportunity to share and compare their approaches to the correction of student work in their respective countries and contexts. What promises to be a lively and wide-ranging exchange of experiences, approaches and views should give conference delegates a good idea of how academic editing in the Netherlands stands internationally, and perhaps some food for thought for their own professional practice. Questions and shared experiences from the floor will be welcome too!
About the panel
Jackie Senior works as an editor and webmaster for an ambitious international research department (Dept of Genetics, University of Groningen/UMCG). Nowadays she works mostly on biomedical texts but she started as a geologist at Shell, later working as an editor for Shell Research and an international investment bank. She has been editing and translating for more than 40 years but, with the Dutch retirement age becoming a moveable feast, is exploring options for later. She was a founder member of SENSE in 1990, has served twice on its executive committee, and was appointed an honorary member in 2010.
Based in the Netherlands but having edited and researched in various countries, Joy Burrough-Boenisch edits and translates for Dutch academics and scientists, teaches scientific and academic English, and gives workshops for translators and editors. She is a founder and honorary member of SENSE. She has two degrees in geography and a doctorate (on Dutch-scientific English). Her academic and professional publications include Righting English that’s gone Dutch (Kemper Conseil, 2013) and contributions to the book Supporting Research Writing: Roles and challenges in multilingual settings, (Chandos, 2013), edited by Valerie Matarese.
After completing a Bachelor's degree in pre-medicine at Duke University but lacking funding for medical school, Carol Norris conducted research at Duke and Oak Ridge National Laboratory before undertaking an MA in rhetoric and then teaching university writing courses for seven years. Her PhD thesis at the University of Maryland concerned the physician in literature. Carol also holds an Applied Linguistics MA from Birmingham University, UK.
In 1985 she began the University of Helsinki’s first English-language writing course for scientists and became a university medical author-editor. In addition, she writes for the European Science Editors’ European Science Editing and presents at conferences. She is a member of Nordic Editors and Translators (NEaT).
Nigel Harwood is a reader in Applied Linguistics at the University of Sheffield. He has previously published three co-authored journal articles reporting findings of an interview-based study of the profiles, practices and beliefs of proofreaders who work on student writing in the United Kingdom. He has also published research on English for academic purposes and teachers’ use of EFL and EAP textbooks; his most recent monograph focuses on students' experiences of dissertation supervision. He is co-editor of the journal English for Specific Purposes (Elsevier). | <urn:uuid:85a9b0ae-b5a0-432e-ba86-538fdddb0e46> | {
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Aortic Valve Disorders
An overworked heart muscle will become weaker over time, leading to congestive heart failure. Knowing the signs and symptoms of heart valve disorders can help you get the diagnosis and treatments you need.
Aortic Valve and Mitral Valve Disorders
Your heart valves are located inside the chambers of your heart. Both valves contain “flaps” that channel the blood either into or out of the heart. Two common conditions are:
- Aortic valve stenosis. The valve narrows, causing less blood to flow to the heart chamber
- Mitral valve stenosis. The valve opening is not wide enough. This causes the heart to work harder in order to pump blood throughout the body. Mitral valve stenosis may cause subtle symptoms that only your doctor can detect.
Signs and Symptoms
Diseases of the aortic valve and mitral valve have similar signs and symptoms. If you experience any of these symptoms, make an appointment with one of our heart doctors for a comprehensive, expert diagnosis.
- Chest pain (angina) or tightness
- Shortness of breath
- Heart palpitations (a rapid, fluttering heartbeat)
- Feeling faint
- Heart murmur
- Swollen feet and ankles
- Frequent respiratory infections
- Heavy coughing, often accompanied by blood-tinged mucous | <urn:uuid:0b57275f-0833-487f-b0db-630a50bd1d09> | {
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The Third Meditation, subtitled "The existence of God," opens with the Meditator reviewing what he has ascertained to date. He is still doubtful of the existence of bodily things, but is certain that he exists and that he is a thinking thing that doubts, understands, wills, imagines, and senses, among other things.
He is certain that he is a thinking thing and he clearly and distinctly perceives this fact. He could not be certain unless all clear and distinct perceptions can be certain. Therefore, he concludes, whatever he perceives clearly and distinctly must be true.
Before, he thought he was certain of all sorts of things that he has now cast into doubt. These things are all apprehended by the senses, and he must acknowledge now that he did not perceive the things themselves, but only the ideas, or thoughts, of those things, which appeared before his mind. He does not even now deny that he perceives ideas of material objects, but concedes that he was mistaken in inferring from these ideas that his perception could inform him about the things themselves. He also seems quite certain of arithmetic and geometry, though he cannot be absolutely certain since God might be deceiving him. To assure himself that he is not deceived, he must inquire into the nature of God.
Before he can do so, however, the Meditator resolves first to classify his thoughts into different kinds. First, there are simply ideas, which he says "are as it were the images of things...for example, when I think of a man, or a chimera, or the sky, or an angel, or God." Second, there are volitions, emotions, and judgments, where there is an idea, which is the object of a thought, and also a further thing, such as an affirmation or a fear, which is directed toward the object of that thought.
The Meditator reasons that he cannot be mistaken with regard to ideas on their own, nor with regard to volitions or emotions: he can only make mistakes with respect to judgments. The most common error in judgment is to judge that the ideas in one's mind conform to, or resemble, things outside the mind. Considering ideas in the mind only as modes of thought and not referring them to anything outside the mind should render him immune from doubt.
It seems there are three sources for ideas: they can be innate; they can be adventitious, coming from outside of us, as with our sensory perceptions; or they can be invented by us, such as our ideas of mermaids or unicorns. The Meditator concedes that he cannot yet be certain which ideas come from where, or even if perhaps all of our ideas are innate, adventitious (not inherent but added extrinsically), or invented. For the moment, he is concerned with adventitious ideas, and why he thinks they come from outside. His will has no effect on adventitious ideas: he cannot prevent himself from feeling hot when it is hot simply through the will, for instance. He has thus come to assume that whatever outside source transmits these adventitious ideas transmits its own likeness rather than something else. | <urn:uuid:ff1c0f59-f763-491a-b850-55e6972cc61e> | {
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The emergence of China is challenging some of the existing norms of the international system. These norms found place in the system during and immediately after the Cold War. US political scientist Francis Fukuyama has been forced to modify his theory of "end of history." South Asia is adapting to the new reality. But India is looking backward.
The countries on the Indian subcontinent are looking at China not only as a facilitator of infrastructure development and economic partnership but more as a security provider and source of political stability in the region. Much of Indian strategic thinking revolves around winning back estranged neighbors without seriously pondering over the causes of the estrangement.
India being alienated by some neighbors is not only due to China's rise, but also because of New Delhi's handling of ties. Instead of engaging in counterbalancing Beijing, New Delhi must rethink its neighborhood policy, not lose the geostrategic advantage in the region and trusted partners, so as to fulfill the common aspiration of an economically prosperous and peaceful region.
In the political sphere, New Delhi must learn from Beijing the art of engaging in dialogue and partnership with the government of a country, rather than a party. A simple study of India's neighborhood policy reveals that New Delhi is more comfortable with a particular party and when the opposition forms the government in a neighboring country, India finds itself in an embarrassing situation. For example, the victory of Gotabaya Rajapaksa in Sri Lanka's presidential election on November 16 has made the Indian establishment cautious as his party is believed to tilt toward China. In Bangladesh, India is at ease with Sheikh Hasina's Awami League while being hostile to the opposition Bangladesh Nationalist Party.
Entrusting all its support and confidence in one party or person is not a guarantee of their favorable treatment or policies toward New Delhi. India's military intervention to protect Maumoon Abdul Gayoom of Maldives did not oblige him from favoring China. Thereby, India must respect the mandate of the people and build a sustainable partnership with the government of a neighbor.
The smaller neighbors are interested in forging a security partnership with China based on their security assessments. New Delhi needs to deeply contemplate over changed strategic thinking of neighbors to reset its policy directions and priorities. No amount of economic assistance or aid, which is mostly considered by Indian neighbors as alms, can persuade them to trust the Indian establishment.
Infrastructure development and economic connectivity are new tools in diplomacy. South Asian countries are deprived of good infrastructure and economic growth. Under the China-proposed Belt and Road Initiative, Beijing is helping them build new highways, railways and other infrastructure necessary for economic growth. New Delhi, too, is bargaining with Beijing to attract investments. But at the same time, New Delhi's push for the Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC) and the Indo-Pacific Strategy are putting these small countries in dilemma to choose from multiple options. Therefore, these countries are now taking a leaf out of India's foreign policy during the Cold War, which advocated nonalignment but hedging to maximize national interests. New Delhi must not push these countries to choose sides but let them decide what is right for their people and country.
New Delhi's dwindling commitment to South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) in the backdrop of a tense relationship with Pakistan further eroded the credibility of India as a genuine and responsible actor in the region. Thereby, rejuvenating SAARC will go a long way in restoring faith and confidence in the regional leadership of India.
People-to-people exchanges as well as cultural and geographical proximity have their own disadvantages. Speaking the same language quickly disseminates hate messages across the border, instilling and deepening existing hatred. Therefore, political leaders and media must desist from provocative statements. In case of China-India tensions, some messages are lost because of the language barrier. Translations have a minimal impact unless they are not issued in a common language, English.
In a nutshell, India's neighborhood policy should be independent of any power game in the region to win over its neighbors but to formulate a common strategy under SAARC to bring shared prosperity in the region.
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Students with Limited or Interrupted Formal Education (SLIFE)
Minnesota ‘s Learning English for Academic Proficiency and Success (LEAPS) Act of 2014 outlines the responsibilities of school districts to provide education to English learners that is comprehensive and equitable. The guidance requires districts to identify and confirm each student on the list of potential SLIFE qualifies for the SLIFE designation. SLIFE identification is an annual designation for the purpose of reporting and monitoring on the academic and linguistic progress of SLIFE.
As of June 2016, Saint Paul Public Schools, Office of Multilingual Learning will use the Student Support Data Collection (SSDC) system to collect and record SLIFE identification data.
Schools and the district will monitor students throughout the school year. If a student meets SLIFE criteria at any point during a given school year, the student is to be identified as SLIFE for the duration of the school year. Student who no longer meets one of the SLIFE criteria will be reclassified as no longer SLIFE eligible.
The Minnesota LEAPS Act defines English learner with Limited or Interrupted Formal Education as a students who:
- Comes from a home where the language usually spoken is other than English, or who usually speaks a language other than English.
- Enters school in the United States after grade 6.
- Has at least two years less schooling than the English learner’s peers.
- Functions at least two years below expected grade level in reading.
- Functions at least two years below expected grade level in mathematics.
May be preliterate in the English learner’s native language.
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Nutrition and Genetics In Phoenix
Have you ever wondered why one person has a positive effect with a vitamin or medication and another person has no effect or a negative one? There are many possible reasons for this and understanding your genetics narrows down the possibilities from many to just a few. Advances in medicine allow us to connect slight alterations in your genetic code to physical and mental ailments you may have been dealing with for years. Slight changes in your genetics could change how you process medications, make neurotransmitters, process environmental toxins, process hormones, make blood clots, respond to addictive substances, etc.
While the genes that cause these changes are static, how they are expressed and manifest in the world changes based on the environment where they exist. Diet, lifestyle, environmental toxins, viruses, bacteria, and medications are all part of this environment. Nutrigenomics is the process of understanding and optimizing nutrition based on one's genetics. However, if the rest of the environment is not optimized the nutritional approaches will be less effective.
Common Conditions Treated with Nutrigenomics
- Fatigue (chronic or otherwise)
- Autism and other developmental disorders
- Erectile dysfunction
- Chronic Pain
- Alzheimer's disease and Dementia
Common Genetic Alterations | <urn:uuid:f18bdf28-b429-4c6c-a36e-065f2a085cc5> | {
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I’ve been reading stories without words. Turn the pages and you see beautiful picture puzzles for all ages of readers. Here is a collection of stories I love, ones I’ve also brought to international students who are learning English. And we have fun composing the story in words from the perspective of many cultures. The first one is a little bit longer than a picture book; in fact, it’s called a graphic book: Here I Am by Patty Kim, with pictures by Sonia Sanchez. Here’s a taste of a boy’s journey in this strange new land.
Mirror by Jeannie Baker is by now a classic and is still wonderful. The book guides us to read two different pages side by side. Each set of pages depicts times of the day of a family, one in Morocco, the other in Ms. Baker’s home country of Australia. I love how one culture becomes much more clear when we see how another culture shares much in common.
I’m including The Red Book by Barbara Lehman because this book could be from any culture, any reader in the world. It’s about the magic and wonder that comes from opening a book.
Sidewalk Flowers by JonArno Lawson, illustrated by Sydney Smith. A winner of a book from Canada. Like The Red Book this is also about wonder and imagination. Wonder in a red coat.
Wolf in the Snow by Matthew Cordell. I love this book. It is simply a story about kindness overcoming fear, which I include here for the obvious reason among stories of many cultures.
Now, from one of my favorite illustrators, Raul Colon:
A boy alone in his room.
Sketchbook in hand.
What would it be like to go on safari?
That’s what these books seem to have in common. They open their arms to our imagination.
And here’s an article with some creative activities one could do with these books and others with English language learners, Wonderful World of Wordless Picture Books | <urn:uuid:375275c3-d036-45cf-b0bf-91e15221e23a> | {
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Natural bone is a composite material composed of organic compounds (mainly collagen) reinforced with inorganic compounds (minerals). Apparently, the single mineral phase of bone is too brittle and easy to break while the single collagen phase is too soft and does not have mechanical stability (such as compression strength). The composite chemistry of bone provides both strength and resilience so that the skeleton can absorb energy when stressed without breaking. The detailed composition of bone differs depending on species, age, dietary history, health status, and anatomical location. In general, however, the inorganic phase accounts for about 70% of the dry weight of bone, and the organic matrix makes up the remainder (Buckwalter et al. 2000).
The inorganic or mineral component of bone is primarily rod-like (20-80 nm long and 2-5 nm in diameter) crystalline hydroxyapatite, Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 or HA. Small amounts of impurities, which affect cellular functions, may be present in the mineralized HA matrix; for example, magnesium, strontium, sodium, or potassium ions may replace calcium ions, carbonate may replace phosphate groups, whereas chloride and fluoride may replace hydroxyl groups. Because the release of ions from the mineral phase of the bone matrix controls cell-mediated functions, the presence of impurities may alter certain physical properties of bone (such as solubility) and consequently important biological aspects, which are critical to normal bone function. For example, magnesium present in the mineralized matrix may enhance cellular activity and promote the growth of HA crystals and subsequent new bone formation (Buckwalter et al. 2000).
Approximately 90% of the organic phase of bone is Type I collagen; the remaining 10% consists of noncollagenous proteins and ground substances. Type I collagen found in bone is synthesized by osteoblasts and is secreted as triple helical procollagen into the extracellular matrix (ECM), where collagen molecules are stabilized by cross-linking of reactive aldehydes among the collagen chains. Generally, each of the 12 types of collagen found in the body consists of three polypeptide chains composed of approximately 1,000 amino acids each. Specifically, Type I collagen (molecular weight 139,000 Da) possesses two identical a1(I) chains and one unique a2 chain; this configuration produces a fairly rigid linear molecule that is 300 nm long. The linear molecules (or fibers) of Type I collagen are grouped into triple helix bundles having a periodicity of 67 nm, with gaps (called hole-zones)
between the ends of the molecules and pores between the sides of parallel molecules (Vigier et al. 2010; Zhu et al. 2005; Miyahara et al. 1984). The collagen fibers provide the framework and architecture of bone, with the HA particles located between the fibers. Noncollagenous proteins, for example, growth factors and cytokines (such as insulin-like growth factors and osteogenic proteins), bone inductive proteins (such as osteonectin, osteopontin, and osteocalcin), and ECM compounds (such as bone sialoprotein, bone proteoglycans, and other phospho-proteins as well as proteolipids), provide minor contributions to the overall weight of bone but provide large contributions to its biological functions. During new bone formation, noncollagenous proteins are synthesized by osteoblasts, and mineral ions (such as calcium and phosphate) are deposited into the hole-zones and pores of the collagen matrix to promote HA crystal growth. The ground substance is formed from proteins, polysaccharides, and mucopolysaccharides which acts as a cement, filling the spaces between collagen fibers and HA crystals.
It is not only the complex physiochemical properties of natural bone that make it difficult to replace, but also its dynamic ability. Bone has the capability of self-repair under excessive mechanical stresses by activating the remodeling process through the formation of a bone-modeling unit (BMU). Although the inorganic and organic components of bone have structural and some regulatory functions, the principal regulators of bone metabolism are bone cells, including osteoblasts (bone-forming cells), osteocytes (bone-maintaining cells), and osteoclasts (bone-resorbing cells). Bone as a living organ can change in size, shape, composition, microstructure, and properties by its remodeling process throughout its lifetime to respond to different kinds of stress produced by physical activity or mechanical loads. The remodeling process involves the removal of old bone and regeneration of new bone at the same site.
Was this article helpful? | <urn:uuid:d36a6343-da9f-4690-a3b6-f153c1eb5048> | {
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The Definition of Deed of Trust
Deeds of trust aren't used in every state
A deed of trust acts as an agreement between you—the homebuyer—and your lender, not just that you'll repay the loan, but that a third party called the trustee will actually hold legal title to the property until such time as you do.
The amount of paperwork that homebuyers must sign at closing is mountainous. It can take them almost an hour to finish without reading everything first. The deed of trust can become just one more piece of paper, but it's the most important piece of paper when it's coupled with the promissory note.
What Is a Deed of Trust?
A deed of trust is the security for your loan, and it's recorded in the public records. A deed of trust can include several pages. Borrowers must agree to sign the deed of trust if they want the loan from that particular bank.
A deed of trust addresses three parties:
- The trustor, who is the borrower
- The trustee, which is the entity or individual who holds "bare or legal" title
- The beneficiary, which is the lender
The deed of trust identifies the following:
- The original loan amount
- A legal description of the property that's used as security or collateral for the mortgage
- The names of parties—trustee, trustor, and beneficiary
- The inception and maturity date of the loan
- The provisions of the mortgage and requirements
- Late fees
- Legal procedures in the event of default
- Acceleration and alienation clauses
- Riders, if any, regarding clauses such as prepayment penalties or the terms of an adjustable-rate mortgage
What Is a Trustee?
A deed of trust includes an independent third party—the trustee—who doesn't represent either the borrower or the lender. The trustee is typically an entity such as a title company that holds "power of sale" in the event that the borrower defaults.
The trustee also reconveys the property to the buyer once the deed of trust is paid off in full.
The trustee can file a Notice of Default in the event that the borrower doesn't pay according to the promissory note's terms, but the trustee will often substitute another trustee to handle the foreclosure itself. This is accomplished under a Substitution of Trustee in most cases.
The trustee has the power to sell the property on the courthouse steps in the event of default, without a court procedure. It can do so after the Notice of Default has been in the public record for at least 90 days and after a 21-day publication period in a major circulation newspaper.
The borrower can redeem the property by making up the back payments and paying the trustee's fees up to three months after recordation of the Notice of Default. The sale is final, however, when the trustee sells the property at a trustee's sale.
What is a Promissory Note?
The deed of trust is security of the debt, secured by the property, whereas the promissory note is secured by the deed of trust. The promissory note is the evidence of the debt.
It's a promise to pay, signed by the borrower in favor of the lender. It contains the terms of the loan, such as the interest rate and payment obligations. The promissory note is generally not recorded.
The promissory note is marked "paid in full" when the loan is paid off and it's returned to the borrower along with a recorded reconveyance deed. The lender retains the promissory note during the term of the loan. The borrower has only a copy until the loan is paid off.
Before Signing a Promissory Note and Deed of Trust
Read both documents, including the pre-printed portions, before you sign a promissory note and a deed of trust. Preparers are human and can make mistakes, so it's important to review certain items:
- The spelling of trustors' names
- The principal balance of the loan
- The interest rate
- The rider if the interest rate is adjustable
- The payment amount
- Prepayment penalties, if any
- The address of the property
Deeds of Trust Aren't Legal in All States
Some states don't recognize deeds of trust. In fact, only slightly more than half do. Most states allow mortgages or deeds of trust, but not both, with the exception of Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, Illinois, Kentucky, Maryland, Michigan, Montana, and South Dakota. Consult with a real estate attorney if you live in one of these states and it turns out that you have a choice.
At the time of writing, Elizabeth Weintraub, CalBRE #00697006, is a Broker-Associate at Lyon Real Estate in Sacramento, California. | <urn:uuid:35a367ab-821b-47d7-9e58-8e18f35c15a0> | {
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Winter scenery is at its most spectacular when trees, shrubs, fences, anything and everything become covered in a white layer of ice. If the sun is shining, almost any view is calendar quality. There are two very different processes that cause this: hoarfrost and rime. Hoarfrost is when ice crystals grow from high humidity in the air. The ice is actually a deposition of moisture directly from humidity in the air. This leads to the most delicate formations because the ice growth is entirely crystalline.
Rime happens when the air is foggy and the fog is made of supercooled water droplets. Supercooled means the droplets are liquid despite being colder than 32 degrees. Rime formations tend to be a little chunkier up close, but either method yields spectacular visual results. There is an old myth that a heavy winter frost foretells rain some weeks or months later. The time varies depending on the teller, but there is no connection. Winter fog does not predict summer rain. | <urn:uuid:15f3035e-be58-4dad-a8f4-8a0b8808ce3c> | {
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Almost everyone learns to perform large tasks in batch mode. As individuals, we learn to be efficient by performing and completing one step of a “process” at a time before advancing to the next step. As team members, we tend to bring this batch-mode bias to the application of all work, and that is a big problem for lean implementation.
The Learning to See the Waste Presentation (LTSTW), which is included with each Deluxe Car Kit, discusses the concept of waste batch-mode flow creates when teams of people are performing tasks. A tool for finding waste is included with this presentation. Called The 10-Second Test, this handy method teaches the team to observe and see where possible waste may be occurring within any process oriented office or workplace, and works equally well in service operations and production shops.
The two-step Learning to See the Waste Car Factory Simulation is intended to focus on the batch-mode bias problem. The hands-on simulation starts with a batch-mode operation in the toy car factory. As the factory produces cars, the tools we learned in the presentation are applied and we begin to see where waste is occurring in the flow. The factory is then redesigned for lean flow. The participants can see first-hand the differences in efficiency and begin to understand how waste affects flow.
Included with the simulation is the LTSTW Financial Chart which teaches participants to calculate earned value by the formula EVA=Sales-COGS-Capital Charges. This financial metric adds emphasis to the need to eliminate waste in the flow process. | <urn:uuid:750e01bc-968d-4165-8db0-97955dc010a0> | {
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There are countless diets and diet books on the market that people utilize to lose weight and achieve a healthy lifestyle. Some people give up carbs or stick to a short list of acceptable foods in order to limit their intake of certain substances. While some of these tactics may help you to succeed in becoming healthier or losing weight, often they take a toll on your body in the long run. The best way to become healthier is to learn about what your body needs and to take the proper steps to ensure that your body gets all of the essential nutrients. For example, many people are unaware how important potassium rich foods are in maintaining the healthy function of the body. By learning about the role potassium plays in your body and by increasing your intake of this valuable mineral you can achieve a healthier lifestyle without all the hassle that some of the popular fad diets demand.
Potassium is one of the three most abundant minerals in the body and it plays a role in many bodily functions. For example, it is crucial in regulating blood pressure and heart function and it also plays a role in the elimination of wastes. This valuable mineral regulates fluid levels and electrolytic functions in addition to maintaining electrical conductivity levels important for brain function. Without potassium, or with a potassium deficiency, the body begins to break down – muscle spasms occur, energy cannot be properly processed, blood pressure and heart rates increase, and serious conditions such as heart failure and stroke may even occur. In order to avoid these consequences and to maintain the proper function of the body, it is important to consume adequate amounts of potassium rich foods.
There are many natural sources of potassium including fruits, vegetables, and several types of proteins. Bananas are well-known for containing potassium but other fruits like papaya, prunes, apricots, oranges, raisins, mangoes, kiwi, and cantaloupe do as well. Vegetables that are rich in potassium include tomatoes, potatoes, pumpkins, spinach, brussel sprouts, asparagus, beets, artichokes, and carrots. The least-processed forms of these foods contain the most potassium as do natural protein sources such as beef, salmon, poutlry, peanuts, soy, and beans. In addition to these natural sources, potassium can be consumed via supplement tablets which generally come in 99mg doses. These supplements may be beneficial for those who need a boost in their potassium intake but an intake of more than 99mg of potassium supplement can lead to stomach irritation and difficulties with absorption.
While there are many benefits to increasing your intake of potassium rich foods, there are dangers associated with having too much potassium in your body. The recommended level of potassium is 2,000mg to 3,000mg daily and to exceed this amount may result in heart palpitations, stomach cramps, irritability, or heart failure. In many cases, kidney disease, severe infection, or diuretic medications are the cause of potassium overdose, or hyperkalemia, but it is still important for everyone to keep an eye on their potassium intake. By taking the initiative to learn about the essential nutrients your body needs and by taking steps to supply those nutrients, you can easily make the change toward a healthier lifestyle.
Read more articles: What Can Potassium Rich Foods Do for Me?
Back to Potassium Rich Foods | <urn:uuid:22f1ec3c-9ac2-49c2-854c-9de1e21e0b5b> | {
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Earn 20 Together Rewards points on this item
AQA GCSE 9-1 English Language and Literature Revision Workbook
Format: Paperback Author: Collins
<span style='font-weight:bold;'>This Collins AQA English Language & Literature GCSE 9-1 Workbook contains topic-based questions as well as a full practice paper and answers, with lots of realistic practice opportunities.</span><br/> <br/>With a workbook and practice exam paper in one book, it contains plenty of practice opportunities to ensure the best results.<br/> <br/><span style='font-weig
5 points for every pound you spend
Rewards Points PLUS Great Prices - YES! We're proud to give even more back to you and reward all Together Rewards Card members with 5 points for every £1 spent, along with exclusive offers, bonus points promotions, member exclusive gifts and more! Interested? Order a card with your purchase and once you've registered and linked your Card, you'll receive 50 FREE points (worth 50p) and you'll receive Reward Vouchers every 3 months to spend on anything you like in-store and online! Click here to find out how to get your Together Card. | <urn:uuid:8bd99611-4411-4925-80d4-dfba83bcbe4d> | {
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10 PARENT & TEACHER TEAMWORK TIPS
(Read Part 1) Be guided by the idea that each person is only seeing things through their own lens, and must make a concerted effort to see things from the other side. Ask questions. Be prepared to work together to create solutions.
- Remember it’s all about teamwork between parents and teachers, with the child’s best interests at heart, not about who’s “right”, “wrong” or “to blame”. As well as being your child’s advocate, your role is to be a clear communicator, a good listener, and someone who’s prepared to work collaboratively with the school. When there’s a definite problem occurring at school that needs a specific management plan, most schools are very keen to work collaboratively with parents.
- Encourage children to sort out their own problems themselves, when they can. (For example, not being chosen for a team or as class president, not getting a good mark because they handed in a project late.) Promote resilience by providing just enough support, but no more.
- Be prepared to talk to the teacher/school if needed. For example, if there’s something happening at home which your child’s school needs to know about, or if there are concerns about schoolwork, bullying, or behaviour, it’s appropriate for you to bring it up for discussion.
- Make an appointment. Don't spring your concerns on a teacher who is rushing, and don’t make what should be a private conversation into a public confrontation.
- Start with your child's teacher rather than the principal. The teacher has the day-to-day relationship with your child and will know them best. It’s not a good idea to go over their head before you’ve given them a chance to work the problem out with you.
- Be clear about the issue. Carefully think through beforehand what you intend to say, and stick to the topic at hand. Consider writing an agenda for everyone at the meeting.
- Be non-confrontational and avoid blaming, accusing and making assumptions. Avoid being too defensive of your child. As well as talking, listen. Stay calm and summarize what you think the other person has just said to see if you understand correctly. Brainstorm solutions together.
- Be honest if you’re having difficulties with your children and talk about what you’ve tried so far. The school may not realize you’re aware of the problem. By being prepared to share your concerns, it gives the school an opportunity to listen to what you have to say. The school is likely to react positively when they know you’re taking responsibility and working independently to try to fix the problem. And there may need to be a school-related solution as well. Once they're aware of your concern, they can review how things are going in the classroom and may be able to make adjustments.
- Ask the teacher what strategies they have tried. This will help you work out to what extent the school’s management strategy and yours are similar or different. If there’s a big difference between the school’s approach and yours, it’s worth reviewing and agreeing on a more consistent approach.
- Do a review. After you’ve worked out a possible solution together, part of the plan should be a regular chat to discuss how things are going, so you can work together to monitor progress and make changes if required. | <urn:uuid:fdd7e1ec-b419-47f0-a04f-14e4b2421aed> | {
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Doris van Halem’s aim is to make drinking water safe and accessible to all. Not by adding expensive chemicals but by putting to work the tiny creatures already present in it. She is tackling the two health risks associated with contaminated drinking water which have been hardest to eradicate: arsenic poisoning and infectious diseases caused by viruses.
‘Our colleagues stared in disbelief when they heard about our approach,’ Van Halem says. ‘How can you remove arsenic from water using something that is present in that same water? Traditionally research into drinking water is focused on physico-chemical processes, which means either destroying the pollutants or filtering them out.’
There’s life in drinking water
Micro-organisms did not figure high on Van Halem’s list either when she started looking at alternative water treatment methods. ‘The life forms that naturally occur in water are usually regarded as yukky creepy crawlies. If they end up in a drinking water filter – a process called biofouling – we usually throw a lot of chemicals at them so they die.’ In waste water treatment micro-organisms play a very important role but their use in the treatment of drinking water has met with little recognition. ‘Drinking water is seen as water that has very few nutrients for micro-organisms to feed on. And yet this nutrient-poor water has active micro-organisms. The question is how to use this activity for the aim we have in mind.’
A village in Bangladesh
In order to design more effective water treatment methods Van Halem needed to gain a better understanding of the processes taking place in the water itself. ‘Many researchers will go for new, expensive materials with, for instance, nanoparticles. Those could definitely work but for me the question is: do we need them? A country like Bangladesh cannot afford them and Dutch companies will also prefer a cheaper option.’
Van Halem developed her method while exploring two main problems affecting drinking water worldwide diseases caused by viruses and bacteria, and arsenic poisoning.
Removing viruses with ceramic pot filters
Van Halem first recognised the importance of the role of micro-organisms in water by accident. It was during a research project which took her to Ghana, Cambodia and Nicaragua where she was testing a ceramic pot filter with tiny holes which filtered out harmful bacteria and protozoa. The pots are made in factories the world over using local materials. But what they cannot do is filter out the viruses responsible for such water-related diseases as, for instance, hepatitis.
‘These ceramic pots always contain a little silver solution which is often used in many other products as well because it is seen as a disinfectant. But we didn’t know if it is of any use to combat viruses.
Van Halem looked at pots both with and without silver solution and found that over time biofilms developed in the filters that contained no silver solution. Trapped on the inside of the filter the organic material and the bacteria continued to grow. ‘People want clean drinking water so their first instinct was to clean the filter and get rid of the slimy sludge. But after a couple of months we found that the biofilm filters were much better at removing viruses.’
Years later Van Halem and her team achieved another important breakthrough. They found that it was possible to remove arsenic from groundwater by means of the iron that naturally occurs alongside of it.
Arsenic naturally occurs in groundwater and is highly toxic. Elevated concentrations of arsenic can cause skin diseases and cancer. ‘A country like Bangladesh has had problems related to arsenic poisoning for decades. Because of the pollution of the surface water people were digging shallow wells everywhere. But the water they were pumping up turned out to be contaminated with arsenic.’
Arsenic oxidation is a very slow process and the received wisdom among drinking water treatment experts is that the process can only be speeded up with the help of a chemical, i.e. an oxidant. Iron which is also present in the water also oxidises and during that process it absorbs the arsenic. But the quicker the oxidation the less arsenic is removed. ‘We thought, what if we can reverse the process? How can we slow down the oxidation process of the iron in the drinking water and remove the arsenic all the quicker?
Then Van Halem and her team hit on new idea: delayed aeration. ‘The oxidation of the iron is slowed down by not immediately exposing it to a lot of oxygen immediately after the water is pumped up. To put is simply, it makes a difference if instead of putting the water in a bucket it is put in a bottle closed off with a top. What if the same principle can be applied to a central purification system?’
Van Halem wants her work to be relevant. ‘In areas which are experiencing huge problems your work can make a big difference.’ But although her work is aimed at solving problems she wants to do more. ‘I also want to find out how things really work and use that knowledge to devise better solutions. There are many researchers who are focused more on figuring out challenging scientific puzzles than solving problems. In the field of drinking water treatment it’s the practical problem solvers who are in the majority. We bridge the gap between the two.’
Published: November 2019 | <urn:uuid:daa5c987-fd98-4751-a668-1fbfbb28a3f0> | {
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The content of the post is still work in progress
Dell PowerEdge R730 with Intel X710 10G using RHEL7 & KVM is showcased in this post
Single-root input/output virtualization , refers to the capability of splitting a single PCI hardware resource into multiple virtual PCI resources. Devicese like nVME, Network Interfaces and GPUs may use this capability in order to use the physical hardware according to the required use case.
A physical PCI device is referred to as a PF(Physical Function) and virtual PCI device are referred to as a VF(Virtual Function).
A great overview of SR-IOV from can be found on Scott Lowe's blog post .
SR-IOV Network Interfaces
In networking, a capable SR-IOV NIC is used in order to split a single physical NIC into multiple vNICs which can be used on the bare metal host or as part of virtual guest instances.
Possible Use Cases
It's important to remember that SR-IOV VFs reside on a physical NIC which may be a single point of failure if your network topology is not designed properly
Due to SR-IOV robustness, there are many network topologies that can be achieved with minimal amount of NICs, which will require less cabling and maintenance.
With a single 10GB/40GB/100GB SR-IOV NIC, we could build a setup which offers both redundancy and performance while taking minimal physical space.
In the diagram above, we have a bare metal host containing a NIC with 2 ports connected to different switches.
Each port, which is represented as an NIC inside of operating system, is split into several vNICs(VFs) which also are represented as an NIC.
VFs can leveraged to configure networking.
For example, in a cloud environment, where there are multiple networks which represent different components of the cloud can reside on VFs instead of separate physical NICs. If some networks require more bandwitdh than the rest, a QoS setting can be applied.
Bios settings may differ, depends on Bios and NIC vendors, refer to the vendor's documentation
On supported NICs, a Bios option must be set:
Operating System settings may differ based on NIC vendor and operating system distribution, refer to the vendor's/distribution's documentation
Once SR-IOV has been enabled in Bios, verify this:
Kernel drivers are loaded for your NIC:
lsmod | grep i40e i40evf 103843 0 i40e 354807 0
If drivers are not loaded:
modprobe i40e i40evf
Discover the PCI slot of NIC
lshw -c network -businfo Bus info Device Class Description ======================================================== ...output omitted... pci@0000:82:00.3 p4p4 network Ethernet Controller X710 for 10GbE SFP+
View total amount of SR-IOV VFs exposed by PF:
cat /sys/class/net/p4p4/device/sriov_totalvfs 32
View the amount of SR-IOV VFs active:
cat /sys/class/net/p4p4/device/sriov_numvfs 0
Set X amount of SR-IOV VFs (VFs start from 0, must be
echo "4" > /sys/class/net/p4p4/device/sriov_numvfs
In order to reset the SR-IOV VFs:
echo "0" > /sys/class/net/p4p4/device/sriov_numvfs
Verify that SR-IOV VFs were created:
cat /sys/class/net/p4p4/device/sriov_numvfs 4
ip link show p4p4 13: p4p4: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000 link/ether 3c:fd:fe:31:1f:c6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff vf 0 MAC 00:00:00:00:00:00, spoof checking on, link-state auto, trust off vf 1 MAC 00:00:00:00:00:00, spoof checking on, link-state auto, trust off vf 2 MAC 00:00:00:00:00:00, spoof checking on, link-state auto, trust off vf 3 MAC 00:00:00:00:00:00, spoof checking on, link-state auto, trust off
ll /sys/class/net/p4p4* lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 0 May 24 22:30 /sys/class/net/p4p4 -> ../../devices/pci0000:80/0000:80:02.0/0000:82:00.3/net/p4p4 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 0 May 27 18:58 /sys/class/net/p4p4_0 -> ../../devices/pci0000:80/0000:80:02.0/0000:82:0e.0/net/p4p4_0 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 0 May 27 18:58 /sys/class/net/p4p4_1 -> ../../devices/pci0000:80/0000:80:02.0/0000:82:0e.1/net/p4p4_1 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 0 May 27 18:58 /sys/class/net/p4p4_2 -> ../../devices/pci0000:80/0000:80:02.0/0000:82:0e.2/net/p4p4_2 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 0 May 27 18:58 /sys/class/net/p4p4_3 -> ../../devices/pci0000:80/0000:80:02.0/0000:82:0e.3/net/p4p4_3
Leveraging SR-IOV VFs
Once SR-IOV has been configured, we can use them as NICs or pass them to VMs for increased performance.
VFs as NICs
Since VFs are represented as NICs, we can use native linux tools such as
nmcli, network-scripts and others in other to configure network.
Make sure your SR-IOV PF device settings are empty before using VFs:
ifconfig p4p4 p4p4: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet6 fe80::3efd:feff:fe33:a8a6 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link> ether 3c:fd:fe:33:a8:a6 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
Now you can configure VF, example of network script config file:
cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-p4p4_1 DEVICE=p4p4_1 ONBOOT=yes HOTPLUG=no NM_CONTROLLED=no PEERDNS=no BOOTPROTO=static IPADDR=10.20.151.125 NETMASK=255.255.255.0
Start NIC and verify that settings were applied:
if up p4p4_1
ifconfig p4p4_1 p4p4_1: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet 10.20.151.125 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 10.20.151.255 inet6 fe80::c8d9:10ff:fe01:8488 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link> ether ca:d9:10:01:84:88 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 2430103 bytes 320710952 (305.8 MiB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 2369103 bytes 433952302 (413.8 MiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
VFs for VMs
PCI Passthrough and more in-depth topics are out of scope of this blog post
Requires AMD-Vi or Intel VT-d to be enabled hypervisor host
Refer to your hypervisor's documentation regarding SR-IOV
On supported hypervisors, SR-IOV allows VMs to access the PCI directly which increases performance compared to using generic vNICs provided by your hypervisor.
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Zestril (Lisinopril) is a drug belonging to the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor class used in the treatment of high blood pressure in adults and children older than 6 years. Also, this medicine has been used to treat heart failure, and preventing the occurrence of the next heart attack. It may be taken in combination with other drugs when used in treatment. It is especially used for the families with a history of heart attacks.
How to use Zestril
Following the instructions given to you by your doctor is essentially crucial. You may also read the directions in the packaging. The tablets are taken orally with plenty of water with or without food. Your doctor may change the medication occasionally for effective results. Ensure that you adhere to all the changes. It is recommended that you do not change the form of the tablets by either dissolving in water or crushing. If you have any concerns about your medication, get professional advice from a qualified doctor or physician.
Your doctor will have to conduct a medical evaluation of your condition before giving you a prescription. Among the factors taken into consideration include your age, the severity of the condition being treated, and the number of times you have had a coronary attack. The dosage usually start low and increase with time. For instance, the common dosage for adult patients treating hypertension is between 5mg to 10mg once per day which may increase to a maximum of 80mg per day. The maintenance dosage ranges between 20 to 40mg taken once per day. To have the most effective results, ensure that you adhere to the instructions given to you by your doctor.
Zestril Side Effects
Using Zestril (Lisinopril) to treat the different heart condition may result to side effects. The common ones include headaches, cough, dizziness, chest pain, and fatigue among others. If they persist, report to your doctor as soon as possible. More serious side effects including little to no urinating, high potassium, sore throat, loss of appetite, feeling light headed, and swelling of your feet and ankles, it is crucial that you seek immediate medical attention. You may also experience other side effects not mentioned here.
Avoid using this medicine if you have a history of allergy towards lisinopril or other ACE inhibitors such as enalapril, moexipril, benazepril captopril, ramipril, or trandolapril. For patients suffering from diabetes, Zestril (Lisinopril) may not be suitable to be used with any other medication containing aliskiren. Do not take this medicine if you are suffering from any kidney disease.
Seek immediate medical attention if you suffer from allergic reactions which are indicated by symptoms such as hives, skin rashes, swelling of the limbs and the face, and having trouble swallowing and breathing. Always use Zestril (Lisinopril) as instructed by your prescribing doctor at all times, and avoid changing the medication or self-medicating yourself without consulting your doctor first. Inform your doctor if you are suffering from kidney disease, liver disease, diabetes, or if you are pregnant, breastfeeding or using supplements, vitamins, and herbal products. | <urn:uuid:60372a52-87f0-4b3f-8f0a-e25e5757c900> | {
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What is a cavity?
A dental cavity is, in its simplest form, the breakdown of healthy tooth structure into not healthy tooth structure.
Our mouths are full of bacteria. As a result, some of these bacteria can cause tooth decay or cavities and some of these bacteria cause periodontal disease or gum disease.
How do bacteria cause cavities?
Cavity-causing bacteria thrive in an environment that is high in acid, high in sugar, high carbohydrates or a dry environment. These environments alone or in combination along with improper oral hygiene create a perfect storm for cavity-causing bacteria to destroy teeth. These cavity-causing bacteria produce an acid that breaks down teeth. A cavity will continue to breakdown a tooth until it is addressed. Fillings, crowns, root canals and extractions are used to treat cavities.
How are these environments created?
The food and drinks we consume affect our environment. In addition, the medications we take affect the environment. Furthermore, how effective we are with our brushing, floss and other hygiene habits affects our environment.
- Acid environment: sodas, sports drinks, many juices, fruits, milk (slightly), tea, coffee, higher risk for patients with GERD or reflux
- Sugar environment: sodas, sports drinks, many juices, candy, sweeteners, sweet tea
- High carbohydrate environment: breads, crackers, cookies, chips, etc
- Dry oral environment: dry mouth caused from medications or drug use, low salivary flow, higher risk in cancer patients, higher risk in geriatric patients, nerve damage in the head and neck, smoking, not drinking enough water.
- Oral hygiene environment: Ineffective or improper brushing, flossing, mouth rinses or tongue scraping
How can one help prevent cavities?
Luckily, our patients can help limit the number and size of cavities by creating environments that help limit them:
- Limiting acidic foods and drinks.
- Consuming less sugar and less carbohydrates.
- With patients with dry mouths, there are lozenges, rinses and gums to help stimulate salivary flow.
- Drinking and swishing more water in between meals.
With the help of a dental professional:
- Teach our patients proper brushing and flossing techniques.
- Recommendations made for mouthrinses to help control tartar and plaque.
- Dispense or prescribe fluoride-based products to help limit new cavities from forming.
- More frequent recall visits for cleanings and maintenance to remove plaque and tartar
Why is fluoride good for teeth?
Fluoride in small, limited dosages is beneficial to teeth. An acid environment breaks down teeth. Hence, an acid and a base are needed in order to create balance in the oral environment. Most of the food and drinks we eat are acidic. To have our bodies in balance, we need to eat more alkaline foods, therefore the concept of the alkaline diet. Because fluoride is alkaline on the pH scale, it helps balance the damage that we do to our teeth from all those acids by remineralizing or reversing small cavities.
How are these cavities fixed?
The size of a cavity and the remaining healthy tooth structure determines treatment recommendations. Because of this, in the early stages of cavity formation, prevention is recommended. This is because the cavity is contained almost entirely in the enamel. These include fluoride treatments, better oral hygiene habits and more frequent recall visits to the dentist. As the cavity becomes of moderate size, a filling or a crown may be necessary. When the size of the cavity is large enough, the tooth may require a root canal in addition to a crown. Eventually, if the cavity becomes very large, the tooth may become nonrestorable and extracting it is the only option. The size of the cavity and appropriate recommendations for treatment can be made only with a proper examination and necessary xrays.
Time plays the biggest factor when treating cavities because people, and therefore teeth, are living longer. Smaller cavities, addressed early, have the best chance for success in the long term. Large cavities have the least chance for success in the long term. An ounce of prevention is worth of a pound of cure. This holds true for dentistry as well. All things considered, establishing a relationship with your dentist can help. Patients are educated about the conditions in their mouths and recommendations for prevention are made.
If you would like to learn more about how to prevent or treat dental cavities or you are looking for a new dental home in Mansfield, we would love the opportunity to serve you. You can request an appointment or you can call 817-453-2983. You can use our contact form, if you have any specific questions for our team. | <urn:uuid:02fdea54-eede-4282-8688-52a9bf3790b7> | {
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The Mystery of Obanos - end of July on even numbered years, see history below.
Obanos is the real-life setting of a passion play that takes place here every even-numbered year at the end of July. It is a tragic tale of two saints.
The origins of the play are traced to the 14th century, when Santa Felicia, sister to the Duke of Aquitaine (San Guillén), left her home for a pilgrimage to Santiago.
The life suited her and when she arrived in Obanos she decided to devote herself to aiding pilgrims. Her brother set out on a mission of his own, that of bringing her back home with the lure of the comfortable lifestyle she had left behind. He was unable to do so, and in a fit of rage killed her.
Wracked with remorse, the young Duke decided to complete her pilgrimage in penitence. On his return journey, he holed up in the nearby hermitage of Arnotegui. He built a chapel there and continued the mission that his sister had begun.
The Iglesia de San Juan Bautista preserves the skull of Guillén.
Outside of Obanos, on the road to Puente la Reina, the Camino Aragonés joins the Camino Francés. | <urn:uuid:7a765d7a-abb4-4c80-afad-f7ca6cbb155f> | {
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We’ve long known that some diseases run in families, but in only the last few decades, have we been able to identify specific genes that may pre-dispose someone to a specific illness. What to do with that kind of information remains a very personal question, raising new issues about not only choice, but how we talk about those decisions.
Kelly Pender teaches English at Virginia Tech. Her area of focus is rhetoric—or the way we frame and communicate ideas to make a point. In her new book titled, ‘Being at Genetic Risk’ she focuses on how we talk about disease, treatment, and medical decisions with doctors and with each other. And for Pender, it’s not only an academic topic, it’s a very personal one.
When her mother was 32 and she was a year old, her mother found a lump in her breast.
Pender, of course has no memory of it, but her mothers’ 4 sisters filled her in when she was old enough to understand.
“She went to the doctor and because she was only 32, they were sure it would be benign. But, also because it was 1974 biopsies were done under general anesthesia and she went to sleep just thinking she was having a biopsy.” However, during the procedure, pathology revealed that it was cancer.
Pender say, the 70s was the era of what they called the one step procedure. Doctors didn’t have to get her mother’s consent to do a mastectomy. While she was already under anesthesia, they got her husbands’ consent. “She woke up to find that she had had a unilateral mastectomy and that she had breast cancer, so, not an ideal situation.” Pender explains, “She lived for 10 years before she had a recurrence. She didn’t have any adjuvant therapy; no chemo, no radiation, no Tamoxifen, because that had just become available, but not in the rural place where they were. So, 10 or 11 years after that, she had a recurrence. She died when she was 46. I was 14.”
Today, much more is known about the disease and there are many more treatment options –and choices to make. And that’s where things get confusing. Genetic testing can now identify risks for developing breast and other cancers, but what is the definition of risk and what is the meaning of ‘choice.’ She says, “Medicine was, what we call paternalistic, for a very long time. And, my mother’s experience could not illustrate it any better. Patients and women in particular, didn’t always have a lot of choice. Doctors told you what was best.”
She says there have been steps taken to change that in the last 40 years. “You can see it when you go into your physician’s office.” There will often be something like a patients’ ‘Bill of Rights. “Medicine has really embraced this as a corrective to that paternalism, (the fact) that patients get to choose.
Pender said she has “always lived under the shadow of her mother’s early death from breast cancer.” A few years ago, she too, was diagnosed with the disease. She opted for a double mastectomy with breast reconstruction. While she was writing the book, Pender had two streams of thought going, one about her own medical decisions and the other, the main argument she makes in her book, is that the idea of choice is deceptive. She believes the focus should instead be on a different word, care, whatever form that takes for each person.
Sometimes, when she talks with people about her new book, "people will ask me what I think women should do (about a diagnosis or the results of a genetic test.) But, she says, she has no input to give on that question. “All I can tell you is what I did. And I can tell you that I’m happy about my choices.” | <urn:uuid:feb981ad-a82e-4cb7-b775-265312e6b2f9> | {
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The budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus) is a small sized parrot which belongs to the tribe of the wide-tailed parrots (Platycercini). It is sometimes considered to be a subfamily (Platycercinae).
The budgerigar can be found throughout the drier parts of Australia where the species has survived harsh inland conditions for the last five million years.
Budgerigars in their natural habitat in Australia are noticeably smaller than those in captivity.
This particular parrot species has been bred in many other colours and shades in captivity (e.g. blue, grey, grey-green, pieds, violet, white, yellow-blue), although they are mostly found in pet stores in blue, green, and yellow. Like most parrot species, budgerigar plumage fluoresces under ultraviolet light. This phenomenon is possibly related to courtship and mate selection.
Budgerigars are nomadic birds found in open habitats, primarily in scrublands, open woodlands, and grasslands of Australia. The birds are normally found in small flocks, but can form very large flocks under favourable conditions.
Budgerigars will chew on anything they can find to keep their beaks trimmed. Mineral blocks (ideally enriched with iodine), cuttlebone, and soft wooden pieces are suitable for this activity. In captivity, budgerigars live an average of five to eight years, but life spans of 15–20 years have been reported.
Breeding in the wild generally takes place between June and September in northern Australia and between August and January in the south, although budgerigars are opportunistic breeders and respond to rains when grass seeds become most abundant. | <urn:uuid:92e629ec-b844-4df0-b626-78dd11285823> | {
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Includes: Letters written by or to family members, including Peter Lyon, 1815 and 1849; John Lyon, 1849; Asahel Lyon (d. 1830), n.d.; Amelia Coffin, 1864 (2); and Mary Lyon, 1827. Also: Hannah Lyon's notes on Quaker meetings, n.d.; death notice of Joseph Mitchell, 1786; statement of Charles Coffin's inability to serve in the military, 1837; Amelia Coffin's teacher certificate, 1861; program for Nine Partners School, 1861; grant of property, Mary Lyon to Peter Lyon, 1833; grant of property, Richard Mitchell to David L. Mitchell, 1865; "Society of Friends in Seoul, Korea-Early History" and "The Establishment of a Quaker Meeting in Seoul, Korea", n.d., and an obituary of Ham Sok Hon, 1989. Topics of interest are: Quaker women, pacifism, celibacy, and Select meetings.
Majority of material found within 1786-1989-1815-1861
Restrictions on Access
This collection is available for research use.
Biographical / Historical
Arthur Lyon Mitchell was a Quaker, born in 1916, who helped to start the Seoul Friends Meeting in Korea. He was the son of Eugene and Hattie (Schaumberg) Mitchell. His ancestor, Peter Lyon, was a member of Nine Partners Monthly Meeting in Dutchess County, New York, and the original purchaser of "Millbrook" the family home; he was born in 1784, married Mabel, and died in 1870. They had at least seven children: Daniel H., Mary, Hannah, John, Asahel, Arthur, and William. Hannah Lyon was born in 1813 and married Charles Coffin before 1835. Their daughter, Amelia, was a teacher and married David L. Mitchell, son of Richard Mitchell of Washington, New York.
.1 Linear Feet (.1 linear feet (17 items (4 folders))) | <urn:uuid:a1dcc817-2ea4-4bff-94e0-037becef7611> | {
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Nicolas Steno (1631/8-1686) was a Danish scientist who had an interest in anatomy, but more particularly geology, in which field he is considered by some to be ‘the father of stratigraphy’*being the first to clearly outline the three basic principles of stratigraphy: superposition, original horizontality and lateral continuity (b) . Nevertheless, David King has noted in his excellent book, Finding Atlantis[530.55] how Olof Rudbeck had developed his own version of stratigraphy during the same period.*
In his later years, although he came from a Lutheran background, Steno became a Catholic priest and later a bishop, during which stage, he developed an interest in theology. Steno is now on his way to becoming a saint having been beatified by Pope John Paul II in 1988.
Steno believed in the existence of Atlantis, but did not elaborate on its location(a). For in those accounts (of the ancients) I find many things of which the falsity rather than the truth seems doubtful to me. Such are the separation of the Mediterranean Sea from the western ocean; the passage from the Mediterranean into the Red Sea; and the submersion of the island Atlantis. | <urn:uuid:e059ae67-1497-4bd4-9877-79d2b19f544e> | {
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Engaging Work Tasks at Your Fingertips
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Adapted Book: WHAT IS AT THE ZOO – Special Education Resource for Reading
What’s an adapted book?
An adapted book is an interactive activity which allows students to pair new or familiar vocabulary with pictures on a variety of topics. ALL of the adapted books in this series focus on intensive practice for beginning reading skills only. Math counting skills are not included in this adapted book.
How, Where, and Why should I use adapted books in my classroom?
Adapted books offer so many benefits for our special needs students! For our children who are learning basic reading skills, they can match the pictures as the teacher or assistant reads the sentence aloud. This boosts confidence and fosters reading skills, as the real life and colorful pictures capture our students’ attention.
· Add an adapted book to your Reading Center.
· For children who have basic reading skills mastered, add an adapted book to their Independent Work Bins.
· Offer as an “extra” reading activity during morning work, or free time.
What’s included in each of the adapted book series?
· Each adapted book contains EIGHT pages with EIGHT Picture Response Cards and EIGHT Picture/Word Response Cards. I chose eight objects, people, or events that relate most closely to the adapted book topic. This purchase contains ONE adapted book. They may also be purchased as pre-made bundles (Bundle #1 and Bundle #2).
· Suggested IEP Goals and classroom usage
Is this sold in a bundle so I can get extra savings?
YES! This adapted book, “WHAT IS AT THE ZOO”, is available as part of BUNDLE 1 , which contains TEN adapted books for HUGE savings!
Will you include suggested IEP Goals with the Adapted Books?
YES! As with almost all of Autism Educators activities, IEP goals ARE included! Here are a few samples:
· Given a repetitive sentence starter and a picture related to a topic, STUDENT will read to match the correct picture, or picture/word card, with 80% accuracy, in 4 out of 5 opportunities, by MONTH, YEAR.
· Given a picture related to a topic, object, or person within a specific category, STUDENT will match the identical picture, with 80% accuracy, in 4 out of 5 opportunities, by MONTH, YEAR.
· Given a picture and an incomplete sentence, STUDENT will read the text in order to match the correct picture, or picture/word card to complete the sentence, with 80% accuracy, in 4 out of 5 opportunities, by MONTH, YEAR.
· Given a picture and a sentence with a word missing, STUDENT will refer to the picture to determine the missing word, with 80% accuracy, in 4 out of 5 opportunities, by MONTH, YEAR.
Can I suggest new adapted book topics?
Oh, YES, please! I love hearing from you! I’ll do my best to meet your student’s learning needs. That’s what it’s all about!
Can I share this set with other teachers or therapists?
Due to copyright laws and protection, please encourage teammates to purchase a set of their own. I try to keep costs as low as I can to make our products affordable for those in the teaching professions. I’m a teacher, too, and how limited budgets can be.
© Copyright 2018 Autism Educators, Inc. (AutismEducators.com). All rights reserved by author. This product is to be used by the original purchaser only. Copying for more than one teacher or classroom, or for an entire department, school, or school system is prohibited. This product may not be distributed or displayed digitally for public view, uploaded to school or district websites, distributed via email, or submitted to file sharing sites. Failure to comply is a copyright infringement and a violation of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA). Intended for single classroom and personal use only. You agree not to modify, copy, distribute, transmit, display, perform, reproduce, publish, license, transfer, create derivate work from, sell or re-sell any content or information obtained from or through AutismEducators.com or any other selling platform where our products are listed or sold.
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Autism Educators, Inc. © 2012-2020 | <urn:uuid:f9afa50a-8326-4e64-8609-4edc691b4e48> | {
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What You Can Do:
Over the course of the past few years, information has become one of the most important resources in the world. Information is used for a number of purposes, and one of those is to guide a person making a decision into making the right, or at least, the right one when all facts are taken into consideration, decision. One of the most effective methods of providing information necessary to guide a person into making a decision is a process known as Siskiyou County Background Check. Background checks aim to locate and provide information necessary for the decision-making process of the person making the decision. It is thus easy to see who are the people who are interested in this procedure, and they range from the business owner who wants to be assured of the trustworthiness of the people that are working for him, to law enforcement who wants to know about the past of a possible suspect that they may someday be called upon to arrest or take into custody.
Of course, there are some types of information that are hard to get by, and there are some types of information that are practically there for anyone to see. It is the first type that necessitated the switch of methods when conducting background checks. Note that background checks aim to unearth information that are not available to the public in the general sense, thus, conducting a background check by interviewing people may be counter-productive as false information may be yielded by such a method. Nowadays, background checks are conducted using public records.
California Comprehensive Background Check | <urn:uuid:5461e4bf-2415-4150-8630-5084b335ec73> | {
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Ah Vacationland…a beloved nickname for New England’s youngest and most mysterious state: Maine.
A long-time part of Massachusetts, Maine was the last New England state to be founded in 1820, a near thirty years after its closest sibling: Vermont, in 1791, and thirty-six years after the end of the Revolutionary War. Despite the state’s late-coming, however, its name actually dates back to the 1600s.
During that time, land was still being divided up among the colonies and in 1639, King Charles I made it clear what this particular area would and would NOT be called. When “Laconia” or “New Somerset” were suggested, his answer was a quick and decisive “neither” followed by it “shall forever hereafter be called and named the Province or County of Mayne and not by any other name or names whatsoever.” Ironically just thirteen years later it would be incorporated into Massachusetts and over a hundred years later the name “Maine” would still be hotly contested and debated as it approached statehood.
What is perhaps more interesting though, is that no one knows why he insisted on calling it “Maine” in the first place. For a long time people assumed it was a tribute to his wife, Queen Henrietta Maria. Originally from France, she was reported to manage the country’s Meyne province, but as historians later discovered, that was not the case; Queen Henrietta never managed nor had anything to do with either province, in France or in the colonies.
Today, the more common theory is that the name “Maine” derives from nautical terms, such as “the main”, “Main Land”, “Meyne” or “Mainland” that would have been used to differentiate the landmass from the thousands of islands surrounding it. The pictures seen here are from one of the islands in Casco Bay, just off Portland.
Whatever the case may be, the history and mystery surrounding Maine’s name only speaks to the wondrous nature of the state itself. With its busy ports and seaside towns to its acres of forest and boundless wildlife, Maine is a state for wonder, exploration and discovery; make your trip today. | <urn:uuid:17c7575c-7da2-4905-8d2a-a9c7e2dc21df> | {
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Xarelto, What is it?
Xarelto is a brand name blood thinner, the active ingredient being a drug called rivaroxaban. This anticoagulent is an Xa inhibitor, it works to block a chemical in the blood called Thrombin. Thrombin is responsible for helping blood to clot and blocking it prevents the blood from doing so. This is the desired result for patients who are taking Xarelto because they are at risk for blood clots, such as individuals who may have recently had a knee or hip replacement surgery. However, in the case of Xarelto, taking away the blood’s ability to clot has had very serious repercussions on users health.
Xarelto’s Dangerous Side Effects
There is a risk with taking any blood thinner, but the recently discovered risks associated with Xarelto are extremely concerning. Xarelto has been linked in several studies to cause uncontrollable internal bleeding. This is very dangerous and can lead to other serious side effects. Although the Food and Drug Administration approved Xarelto in 2011, the drug currently has two Black Box warnings attached to it. These warnings are the strictest warnings that the FDA can give to a drug on the market without recalling it.
Additionally, the FDA released a report in 2013 that analyzed the adverse events related to Xarelto. Out of the 2,100 adverse events reported, 1,821 of these cases cited Xarelto as a direct cause of the event. The most commonly reported event, linked to the side effect of extreme internal bleeding, was pulmonary embolism, followed by deep vein thrombosis, gastrointestinal bleeding, and hemorrhages. Other side effects reported include cerebrovascular incidents, hematoma, dyspnea, hemoglobin deficiency, stroke, thrombosis, and edema. In most cases hospitalization was required for the individual and in far too many cases, the incident resulted in death.
Xarelto’s Effect on Georgia Residents
Approximately 11 million Xarelto prescriptions have been written for United States residents since the FDA approved it in 2011. By comaring these numbers to the population of the United States and data from Georgia’s 2010 Census, we are able to estimate the effect that Xarelto may have had on Georgia’s residents. At the time of the 2010 Census, Georgia’s state population was 9,687,653. Using our formula, we are able to estimate that there could have been up to 5,867 instances of adverse incidents caused by taking Xarelto. We are able to use the same formula to break these numbers down by city. Here are Georgia’s top five most populated cities at the time of the 2010 Census:
Most Populated Cities in Georgia
- Atlanta – 420,003
- Augusta-Richmond County – 195,844
- Columbus – 189,885
- Savannah – 136,286
- Athens-Clark County – 115,452
We’ve taken these numbers and calculated how many adverse events could have been caused by Xarelto in each of these cities:
Internal Bleeding Incidents in Georgia’s Most Populated Cities
- Atlanta – 254
- Augusta-Richmond County – 118
- Columbus – 115
- Savannah – 82
- Athens-Clarke County – 70
Xarelto Lawsuits in Georgia
If you or a loved one have taken Xarelto and consequently experienced an injury such as severe internal bleeding, our Georgia Xarelto lawyers may be able to help you seek justice and gain compensation. You deserve to be compensated for the injuries, pain, and suffering that Xarelto may have caused you and your family. Our lawyers are currently filing lawsuits in all parts of Georgia and across the United States, your case could be next.
If you think you may have a case against Xarelto but are unsure, contact our Georgia Xarelto Lawyers for a free case evaluation and consultation. We are available 24/7 to answer any questions you may have and guide you through the process. Our lawyers are experienced in handling cases against large pharmaceutical companies and over the past two years have recovered over 6 billion dollars from pharmaceutical lawsuits.
Resources for Victims of Xarelto in Georgia
If you live in Georgia and are experiencing the side effects of Xarelto, it is important that you seek medical attention immediately. If your situation is urgent, please call 911. If not, click here for a map of hospitals and medical centers in Georgia so you can find the one closest to you.
For the FDA’s official safety information and report on Xarelto, click here. There is useful information in here to inform yourself about the drug and its adverse effects. | <urn:uuid:47e040ab-8863-4f78-a078-ea39144129a1> | {
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