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Amoxapine | C1CN(CCN1)C2=NC3=CC=CC=C3OC4=C2C=C(C=C4)Cl | Amoxapine is a tetracyclic antidepressant used for relief of symptoms of depression caused by either reactive or psychotic depression. Amoxapine has been associated with a low rate of minor serum aminotransferase elevations during treatment and to very rare instances of clinically apparent acute liver injury. |
Amoxapine | C1CN(CCN1)C2=NC3=CC=CC=C3OC4=C2C=C(C=C4)Cl | Amoxapine is a tricyclic antidepressant of the dibenzoxazepine class. Amoxapine exerts its antidepressant effect by inhibiting the re-uptake of norepinephrine and, to a lesser degree, of serotonin, at adrenergic nerve endings and blocks the response of dopamine receptors to dopamine. This drug is used to treat symptoms of depression and may cause tardive dyskinesia. Amoxapine also binds to alpha-adrenergic, histaminergic, and cholinergic receptors which accounts for many of the side effects seen with this agent. |
Amoxapine | C1CN(CCN1)C2=NC3=CC=CC=C3OC4=C2C=C(C=C4)Cl | Amoxapine, the <i>N</i>-demethylated derivative of the antipsychotic agent loxapine, is a dibenzoxazepine-derivative tricyclic antidepressant (TCA). TCAs are structurally similar to phenothiazines. They contain a tricyclic ring system with an alkyl amine substituent on the central ring. In non-depressed individuals, amoxapine does not affect mood or arousal, but may cause sedation. In depressed individuals, amoxapine exerts a positive effect on mood. TCAs are potent inhibitors of serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake. In addition, TCAs down-regulate cerebral cortical β-adrenergic receptors and sensitize post-synaptic serotonergic receptors with chronic use. The antidepressant effects of TCAs are thought to be due to an overall increase in serotonergic neurotransmission. TCAs also block histamine H<sub>1</sub> receptors, α<sub>1</sub>-adrenergic receptors and muscarinic receptors, which accounts for their sedative, hypotensive and anticholinergic effects (e.g. blurred vision, dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention), respectively. See toxicity section below for a complete listing of side effects. Amoxapine may be used to treat neurotic and reactive depressive disorders, endogenous and psychotic depression, and mixed symptoms of depression and anxiety or agitation. |
Amoxapine | C1CN(CCN1)C2=NC3=CC=CC=C3OC4=C2C=C(C=C4)Cl | The N-demethylated derivative of the antipsychotic agent LOXAPINE that works by blocking the reuptake of norepinephrine, serotonin, or both; it also blocks dopamine receptors. Amoxapine is used for the treatment of depression. |
Alpen | CC1(C(N2C(S1)C(C2=O)NC(=O)C(C3=CC=CC=C3)N)C(=O)O)C | 6-[(2-amino-1-oxo-2-phenylethyl)amino]-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid is a penicillin. |
Amsacrine | COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)NS(=O)(=O)C)NC2=C3C=CC=CC3=NC4=CC=CC=C42 | Amsacrine is a sulfonamide that is N-phenylmethanesulfonamide substituted by a methoxy group at position 3 and an acridin-9-ylamino group at position 4. It exhibits antineoplastic activity. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent and an EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor. It is a sulfonamide, a member of acridines and an aromatic ether. |
Amsacrine | COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)NS(=O)(=O)C)NC2=C3C=CC=CC3=NC4=CC=CC=C42 | Aminoacridine derivative that is a potent intercalating antineoplastic agent. It is effective in the treatment of acute leukemias and malignant lymphomas, but has poor activity in the treatment of solid tumors. It is frequently used in combination with other antineoplastic agents in chemotherapy protocols. It produces consistent but acceptable myelosuppression and cardiotoxic effects. |
Amsacrine | COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)NS(=O)(=O)C)NC2=C3C=CC=CC3=NC4=CC=CC=C42 | Amsacrine is a natural product found in Cystodytes with data available. |
Amsacrine | COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)NS(=O)(=O)C)NC2=C3C=CC=CC3=NC4=CC=CC=C42 | Amsacrine is an aminoacridine derivative with potential antineoplastic activity. Although its mechanism of action is incompletely defined, amsacrine may intercalate into DNA and inhibit topoisomerase II, resulting in DNA double-strand breaks, arrest of the S/G2 phase of the cell cycle, and cell death. This agent's cytotoxicity is maximal during the S phase of the cell cycle when topoisomerase levels are greatest. In addition, amsacrine may induce transcription of tumor promoter p53 protein and block p53 ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, resulting in p53-dependent tumor cell apoptosis. |
Amsacrine | COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)NS(=O)(=O)C)NC2=C3C=CC=CC3=NC4=CC=CC=C42 | Aminoacridine derivative that is a potent intercalating antineoplastic agent. It is effective in the treatment of acute leukemias and malignant lymphomas, but has poor activity in the treatment of solid tumors. It is frequently used in combination with other antineoplastic agents in chemotherapy protocols. It produces consistent but acceptable myelosuppression and cardiotoxic effects. |
Amsacrine | COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)NS(=O)(=O)C)NC2=C3C=CC=CC3=NC4=CC=CC=C42 | An aminoacridine derivative that intercalates into DNA and is used as an antineoplastic agent. |
Anastrozole | CC(C)(C#N)C1=CC(=CC(=C1)CN2C=NC=N2)C(C)(C)C#N | Anastrozole is a 1,2,4-triazole compound having a 3,5-bis(2-cyano-2-propyl)benzyl group at the 1-position. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent and an EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor. It is a member of triazoles and a nitrile. |
Anastrozole | CC(C)(C#N)C1=CC(=CC(=C1)CN2C=NC=N2)C(C)(C)C#N | Anastrozole is a non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor (AI), similar to [letrozole], used to decrease circulating estrogen levels in the treatment of postmenopausal women with estrogen-responsive breast cancer. Anastrozole is also related to [exemestane], a steroidal AI, but its non-steroidal nature provides stark advantages including a lack of steroid-associated adverse effects such as weight gain and acne. Aromatase inhibitors, including anastrozole, have become endocrine drugs of choice in the treatment of postmenopausal breast cancer due to a more favourable efficacy and adverse effect profile as compared to earlier estrogen receptor modulators such as [tamoxifen]. Anastrozole was first approved for use in the United States in 1995. |
Anastrozole | CC(C)(C#N)C1=CC(=CC(=C1)CN2C=NC=N2)C(C)(C)C#N | Anastrozole is an Aromatase Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of anastrozole is as an Aromatase Inhibitor. |
Anastrozole | CC(C)(C#N)C1=CC(=CC(=C1)CN2C=NC=N2)C(C)(C)C#N | Anastrozole is a nonsteroidal inhibitor of aromatase which effectively blocks estrogen synthesis in postmenopausal women and is used as therapy of estrogen receptor positive breast cancer. Anastrozole has been associated with a low rate of serum enzyme elevations during therapy and rare instances of clinically apparent liver injury. |
Anastrozole | CC(C)(C#N)C1=CC(=CC(=C1)CN2C=NC=N2)C(C)(C)C#N | Anastrozole is a nonsteroidal inhibitor of estrogen synthesis that resembles paclitaxel in chemical structure. As a third-generation aromatase inhibitor, anastrozole selectively binds to and reversibly inhibits aromatase, a cytochrome P-450 enzyme complex found in many tissues including those of the premenopausal ovary, liver, and breast; aromatase catalyzes the aromatization of androstenedione and testosterone into estrone and estradiol, the final step in estrogen biosynthesis. In estrogen-dependent breast cancers, ananstrozole may inhibit tumor growth. (NCI04) |
Anastrozole | CC(C)(C#N)C1=CC(=CC(=C1)CN2C=NC=N2)C(C)(C)C#N | Anastrozole is a drug indicated in the treatment of breast cancer in post-menopausal women. It is used both in adjuvant therapy (i.e. following surgery) and in metastatic breast cancer. It decreases the amount of estrogens that the body makes. Anastrozole belongs in the class of drugs known as aromatase inhibitors. It inhibits the enzyme aromatase, which is responsible for converting androgens (produced by women in the adrenal glands) to estrogens. |
Anastrozole | CC(C)(C#N)C1=CC(=CC(=C1)CN2C=NC=N2)C(C)(C)C#N | A nitrile and triazole derivative that acts as a selective nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of ESTROGEN NUCLEAR RECEPTOR-positive breast cancer in postmenopausal women. |
Anethole trithione | COC1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=CC(=S)SS2 | Anetholtrithion is a member of methoxybenzenes. |
Anethole trithione | COC1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=CC(=S)SS2 | Anethole trithione (ATT) appears to have a broad range of unique functions, from increasing salivary secretion to help treat xerostomia, to demonstrating an ability to inhibit carcinogenesis by increasing the activity of electrophile detoxification enzymes, and even being used as an adjunctive therapy for cholecystitis, gallstone, indigestion, and acute/chronic hepatitis and is marketed in certain countries like France, Germany, and China. Unfortunately, many of the specific mechanisms of action to these activities have yet to be formally elucidated, which means that while studies are ongoing, ATT itself is not necessarily formally indicated for many of these aforementioned functions at this time and is only used in limited regions around the world. |
Anethole trithione | COC1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=CC(=S)SS2 | Anetholtrithion is a substituted dithiolthione and analog of chemopreventive agent oltipraz. Anethole trithione is a bile secretion-stimulating drug that restores salivation and relieves the discomfort of dry mouth in chemotherapy-induced xerostomia. In addition, this agent has exhibited chemopreventive properties. The mechanism of action for the chemopreventive and xerostomia properties have not been fully elucidated. |
Anethole trithione | COC1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=CC(=S)SS2 | Choleretic used to allay dry mouth and constipation due to tranquilizers. |
Antazoline | C1CN=C(N1)CN(CC2=CC=CC=C2)C3=CC=CC=C3 | Antazoline is a member of the class of imidazolines that is 2-aminomethyl-2-imidazoline in which the exocyclic amino hydrogens are replaced by benzyl and phenyl groups. Antazoline is only found in individuals that have taken the drug. It has a role as a H1-receptor antagonist, a cholinergic antagonist and a xenobiotic. It is a tertiary amino compound, an aromatic amine and a member of imidazolines. |
Antazoline | C1CN=C(N1)CN(CC2=CC=CC=C2)C3=CC=CC=C3 | Antazoline is a 1st generation antihistamine with anticholinergic activity. It is used to relieve nasal congestion. It is also formulated as eye drops with naphazoline to relieve allergic conjunctivitis. |
Antazoline | C1CN=C(N1)CN(CC2=CC=CC=C2)C3=CC=CC=C3 | Antazoline is an ethylenediamine derivative with histamine H1 antagonistic and sedative properties. Antazoline antagonizes histamine H1 receptor and prevents the typical allergic symptoms caused by histamine activities on capillaries, skin, mucous membranes, and gastrointestinal and bronchial smooth muscles. These histamine activities include vasodilation, bronchoconstriction, increased vascular permeability, pain, itching, and spasmodic contractions of gastrointestinal smooth muscles. Antazoline is used to provide symptomatic relieve of allergic symptoms. |
Antazoline | C1CN=C(N1)CN(CC2=CC=CC=C2)C3=CC=CC=C3 | An antagonist of histamine H1 receptors. |
Acetovanillone | CC(=O)C1=CC(=C(C=C1)O)OC | Apocynin is an aromatic ketone that is 1-phenylethanone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4 and a methoxy group at position 3. It has a role as a non-narcotic analgesic, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, an antirheumatic drug, a peripheral nervous system drug, an EC 1.6.3.1. [NAD(P)H oxidase (H2O2-forming)] inhibitor and a plant metabolite. It is a member of acetophenones, a methyl ketone and an aromatic ketone. |
Acetovanillone | CC(=O)C1=CC(=C(C=C1)O)OC | Acetovanillone has been used in trials studying the treatment of Bronchial Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. |
Acetovanillone | CC(=O)C1=CC(=C(C=C1)O)OC | Acetovanillone is a natural product found in Iris tectorum, Apocynum cannabinum, and other organisms with data available. |
Acetovanillone | CC(=O)C1=CC(=C(C=C1)O)OC | Acetovanillone is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. |
Aranidipine | CC1=C(C(C(=C(N1)C)C(=O)OCC(=O)C)C2=CC=CC=C2[N+](=O)[O-])C(=O)OC | Aranidipine is an organic molecular entity. |
Aranidipine | CC1=C(C(C(=C(N1)C)C(=O)OCC(=O)C)C2=CC=CC=C2[N+](=O)[O-])C(=O)OC | Aranidipine is a novel dihydropyridine derivative that gives rise to two active metabolites (M-1α and M-1β) that exhibit hypotensive activity. It is a calcium antagonist with the formula methyl 2-oxopropyl 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylate. It was developed by Maruko Seiyaku, introduced by Taiho and launched in Japan in 1997. |
Arotinolol | CC(C)(C)NCC(CSC1=NC(=CS1)C2=CC=C(S2)C(=O)N)O | Arotinolol is a member of thiophenes and an aromatic amide. |
Arotinolol | CC(C)(C)NCC(CSC1=NC(=CS1)C2=CC=C(S2)C(=O)N)O | Arotinolol is an alpha- and beta-receptor blocker developed in Japan. It is a thiopropanolamine with a tertiary butyl moiety. It has been studied for its potential to be an antihypertensive therapy. Artinolol is being developed by Sumitomo Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. and it is currently under clinical trials. |
Astemizole | COC1=CC=C(C=C1)CCN2CCC(CC2)NC3=NC4=CC=CC=C4N3CC5=CC=C(C=C5)F | Astemizole is a piperidine compound having a 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl group at the 1-position and an N-[(4-fluorobenzyl)benzimidazol-2-yl]amino group at the 4-position. It has a role as a H1-receptor antagonist, an anti-allergic agent and an anticoronaviral agent. It is a member of benzimidazoles and a member of piperidines. |
Astemizole | COC1=CC=C(C=C1)CCN2CCC(CC2)NC3=NC4=CC=CC=C4N3CC5=CC=C(C=C5)F | Astemizole is a long-acting, non-sedating second generation antihistamine used in the treatment of allergy symptoms. It was withdrawn from market by the manufacturer in 1999 due to the potential to cause arrhythmias at high doses, especially when when taken with CYP inhibitors or grapefruit juice. |
Astemizole | COC1=CC=C(C=C1)CCN2CCC(CC2)NC3=NC4=CC=CC=C4N3CC5=CC=C(C=C5)F | Astemizole is a synthetic piperidinyl-benzimidazol derivative with antiallergic properties, Astemizole acts as a reversible competitive inhibitor of histamine H1 receptors, with less anticholinergic effects compared to related agents. It is a long-acting, non-sedative antihistaminic used in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis, asthma, allergic conjunctivitis, and chronic idiopathic urticaria. (NCI04) |
Astemizole | COC1=CC=C(C=C1)CCN2CCC(CC2)NC3=NC4=CC=CC=C4N3CC5=CC=C(C=C5)F | Astemizole is a long-acting, non-sedating second generation antihistamine used in the treatment of allergy symptoms. It was withdrawn from market by the manufacturer in 1999 due to the potential to cause arrhythmias at high doses, especially when when taken with CYP inhibitors or grapefruit juice. |
Astemizole | COC1=CC=C(C=C1)CCN2CCC(CC2)NC3=NC4=CC=CC=C4N3CC5=CC=C(C=C5)F | Antihistamine drug now withdrawn from the market in many countries because of rare but potentially fatal side effects. |
Azasetron | CN1C(=O)COC2=C(C=C(C=C21)Cl)C(=O)NC3CN4CCC3CC4 | N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-6-chloro-4-methyl-3-oxo-1,4-benzoxazine-8-carboxamide is a benzoxazine. |
2-ethyl-3,4,10-trihydroxy-3,5,6,8,10,12,14-heptamethyl-15-oxo-11-{[3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)hexopyranosyl]oxy}-1-oxa-6-azacyclopentadecan-13-yl 2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methylhexopyranoside | CCC1C(C(C(N(CC(CC(C(C(C(C(C(=O)O1)C)OC2CC(C(C(O2)C)O)(C)OC)C)OC3C(C(CC(O3)C)N(C)C)O)(C)O)C)C)C)O)(C)O | A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic structurally related to ERYTHROMYCIN. It has been used in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infections, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis. |
Azosemide | C1=CSC(=C1)CNC2=CC(=C(C=C2C3=NNN=N3)S(=O)(=O)N)Cl | Azosemide is a sulfonamide that is benzenesulfonamide which is substituted at positions 2, 4, and 5 by chlorine, (2-thienylmethyl)amino and 1H-tetrazol-5-yl groups, respectively. It is a diuretic that has been used in the management of oedema and hypertension. It has a role as a loop diuretic. It is a member of tetrazoles, a member of monochlorobenzenes, a sulfonamide and a member of thiophenes. |
Azosemide | C1=CSC(=C1)CNC2=CC(=C(C=C2C3=NNN=N3)S(=O)(=O)N)Cl | Azosemide is a loop diuretic used to treat hypertension, edema, and ascites. |
Azosemide | C1=CSC(=C1)CNC2=CC(=C(C=C2C3=NNN=N3)S(=O)(=O)N)Cl | Azosemide is a monosulfamyl belonging to the class of loop diuretics. Azosemide inhibits sodium and chloride reabsorption throughout the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle. |
beta-Amanitin | CCC(C)C1C(=O)NCC(=O)NC2CS(=O)C3=C(CC(C(=O)NCC(=O)N1)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C4CC(CN4C(=O)C(NC2=O)CC(=O)O)O)C(C)C(CO)O)C5=C(N3)C=C(C=C5)O | beta-Amanitin is one of a group of at least eight Amatoxins found in several genera of poisonous mushrooms, most notably Amanita phalloides and several other members of the genus Amanita, as well as some Conocybe, Galerina and Lepiota mushroom species. (L1774) |
Baclofen | C1=CC(=CC=C1C(CC(=O)O)CN)Cl | Baclofen appears as odorless or practically odorless white to off-white crystalline powder. (NTP, 1992) |
Baclofen | C1=CC(=CC=C1C(CC(=O)O)CN)Cl | Baclofen is a monocarboxylic acid that is butanoic acid substituted by an amino group at position 4 and a 4-chlorophenyl group at position 3. It acts as a central nervous system depressant, GABA agonist and muscle relaxant. It has a role as a muscle relaxant, a central nervous system depressant and a GABA agonist. It is a monocarboxylic acid, a primary amino compound, a member of monochlorobenzenes and a gamma-amino acid. It is a tautomer of a baclofen zwitterion. |
Baclofen | C1=CC(=CC=C1C(CC(=O)O)CN)Cl | Baclofen is a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) agonist used as a skeletal muscle relaxant. Although originally designed in 1962 to treat epilepsy, baclofen was not effective in treating this condition but instead was shown to reduce spasticity in selected patients. Baclofen was reintroduced in 1971 as a treatment for spasticity and was later approved by the FDA in 1977. Baclofen is used to manage severe muscle spasms of cerebral or spinal cord origins, including multiple sclerosis and traumatic brain injury. Baclofen was investigated for use in alcohol dependence and withdrawal; however, evidence is limited and there is inconsistent evidence to suggest its clinical efficacy in managing alcohol dependence or withdrawal symptoms. |
Baclofen | C1=CC(=CC=C1C(CC(=O)O)CN)Cl | Baclofen is a gamma-Aminobutyric Acid-ergic Agonist. The mechanism of action of baclofen is as a GABA A Agonist, and GABA B Agonist. |
Baclofen | C1=CC(=CC=C1C(CC(=O)O)CN)Cl | Baclofen is a centrally acting muscle relaxant commonly prescribed for spasticity in patients with multiple sclerosis. Baclofen has not been linked to rare instances of mild, self-limited, clinically apparent liver injury. |
Baclofen | C1=CC(=CC=C1C(CC(=O)O)CN)Cl | Baclofen is a synthetic chlorophenyl-butanoic acid derivative used to treat spasms due to spinal cord damage and multiple sclerosis, muscle-relaxing Baclofen acts as a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) agonist specific for GABA-B receptors. It acts at spinal and supraspinal sites, reducing excitatory transmission. (NCI04) |
Baclofen | C1=CC(=CC=C1C(CC(=O)O)CN)Cl | Baclofen is a gamma-amino-butyric acid (GABA) derivative used as a skeletal muscle relaxant. Baclofen stimulates GABA-B receptors leading to decreased frequency and amplitude of muscle spasms. It is especially useful in treating muscle spasticity associated with spinal cord injury. It appears to act primarily at the spinal cord level by inhibiting spinal polysynaptic afferent pathways and, to a lesser extent, monosynaptic afferent pathways. |
Baclofen | C1=CC(=CC=C1C(CC(=O)O)CN)Cl | A GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID derivative that is a specific agonist of GABA-B RECEPTORS. It is used in the treatment of MUSCLE SPASTICITY, especially that due to SPINAL CORD INJURIES. Its therapeutic effects result from actions at spinal and supraspinal sites, generally the reduction of excitatory transmission. |
Beconase AQ | CCC(=O)OCC(=O)C1(C(CC2C1(CC(C3(C2CCC4=CC(=O)C=CC43C)Cl)O)C)C)OC(=O)CC | An anti-inflammatory, synthetic glucocorticoid. It is used topically as an anti-inflammatory agent and in aerosol form for the treatment of ASTHMA. |
9alpha-Chloro-16beta-methylprednisolone | CC1CC2C3CCC4=CC(=O)C=CC4(C3(C(CC2(C1(C(=O)CO)O)C)O)Cl)C | Beclomethasone is a synthetic glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating properties. After cell surface receptor attachment and cell entry, beclomethasone enters the nucleus where it binds to and activates specific nuclear receptors, resulting in an altered gene expression and inhibition of proinflammatory cytokine production. |
9alpha-Chloro-16beta-methylprednisolone | CC1CC2C3CCC4=CC(=O)C=CC4(C3(C(CC2(C1(C(=O)CO)O)C)O)Cl)C | An anti-inflammatory, synthetic glucocorticoid. It is used topically as an anti-inflammatory agent and in aerosol form for the treatment of ASTHMA. |
Befunolol | CC(C)NCC(COC1=CC=CC2=C1OC(=C2)C(=O)C)O | Befunolol is a member of benzofurans. |
Befunolol | CC(C)NCC(COC1=CC=CC2=C1OC(=C2)C(=O)C)O | Befunolol is a beta blocker introduced in 1983 by Kakenyaku Kakko. It is currently in experimental status, and is being tested for the management of open angle glaucoma. |
Bendazac | C1=CC=C(C=C1)CN2C3=CC=CC=C3C(=N2)OCC(=O)O | Bendazac is a monocarboxylic acid that is glycolic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the 2-hydroxy group is replaced by a 1-benzyl-1H-indazol-3-yl group. Although it has anti-inflammatory, antinecrotic, choleretic and antilipidaemic properties and has been used for the treatment of various inflammatory skin disorders, its principal effect is to inhibit the denaturation of proteins. Its lysine salt is used in the management of cataracts. It has a role as a radical scavenger and a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. It is a member of indazoles and a monocarboxylic acid. |
Bendazac | C1=CC=C(C=C1)CN2C3=CC=CC=C3C(=N2)OCC(=O)O | Bendazac is an oxyacetic acid. Despite possessing anti-inflammatory, anti-necrotic, choleretic, and anti-lipidemic characteristics, most research has revolved around studying and demonstrating the agent's principal action in inhibiting the denaturation of proteins - an effect that has primarily proven useful in managing and delaying the progression of ocular cataracts [A39863. A39863]. Bendazac, however, has since been withdrawn or discontinued in various international regions due to its capability or risk for eliciting hepatotoxicity in patients although a small handful of regions may continue to have the medication available for purchase and use either as a topical anti-inflammatory/analgesic cream or eye drop formulation. |
Bendroflumethiazide | C1=CC=C(C=C1)CC2NC3=C(C=C(C(=C3)C(F)(F)F)S(=O)(=O)N)S(=O)(=O)N2 | Bendroflumethiazide is a sulfonamide consisting of 7-sulfamoyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a trifluoromethyl group and that at position 3 is substituted by a benzyl group. It has a role as a diuretic and an antihypertensive agent. It is a benzothiadiazine and a sulfonamide. |
Bendroflumethiazide | C1=CC=C(C=C1)CC2NC3=C(C=C(C(=C3)C(F)(F)F)S(=O)(=O)N)S(=O)(=O)N2 | A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of hydrochlorothiazide. It has been used in the treatment of familial hyperkalemia, hypertension, edema, and urinary tract disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p810) |
Bendroflumethiazide | C1=CC=C(C=C1)CC2NC3=C(C=C(C(=C3)C(F)(F)F)S(=O)(=O)N)S(=O)(=O)N2 | Bendroflumethiazide is a Thiazide Diuretic. The physiologic effect of bendroflumethiazide is by means of Increased Diuresis. |
Bendroflumethiazide | C1=CC=C(C=C1)CC2NC3=C(C=C(C(=C3)C(F)(F)F)S(=O)(=O)N)S(=O)(=O)N2 | Bendroflumethiazide is a long-acting agent, also known as bendrofluazide, belonging to the class of thiazide diuretics with antihypertensive activity. |
Bendroflumethiazide | C1=CC=C(C=C1)CC2NC3=C(C=C(C(=C3)C(F)(F)F)S(=O)(=O)N)S(=O)(=O)N2 | A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. It has been used in the treatment of familial hyperkalemia, hypertension, edema, and urinary tract disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p810) |
Benfluorex | CC(CC1=CC(=CC=C1)C(F)(F)F)NCCOC(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2 | Benzoic acid 2-[1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]propan-2-ylamino]ethyl ester is a benzoate ester. |
Benfluorex | CC(CC1=CC(=CC=C1)C(F)(F)F)NCCOC(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2 | Benfluorex is an anorectic and hypolipidemic agent that is structurally related to fenfluramine. It was patented and manufactured by a French pharmaceutical company Servier. The European Medicines Agency (EMA) recommended withdrawing all benfluorex containing medicines on 18 December 2009. This recommendation was based on the risks (especially fenfluramine-like cardiovascular side-effects) outweighing the benefits. |
Benfluorex | CC(CC1=CC(=CC=C1)C(F)(F)F)NCCOC(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2 | Benfluorex is an antilipidemic agent that decreases the relative rate of hepatic triacylglycerol synthesis. Benfluorex was never approved for use in the United States and was withdrawn in the European Union because of an increased risk of pulmonary hypertension and valvular disease. |
Benserazide | C1=CC(=C(C(=C1CNNC(=O)C(CO)N)O)O)O | Benserazide is a carbohydrazide that results from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of DL-serine with the primary amino group of 4-(hydrazinylmethyl)benzene-1,2,3-triol. An aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase inhibitor (DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor) that does not enter the central nervous system, it is used as its hydrochloride salt as an adjunct to levodopa in the treatment of parkinsonism. By preventing the conversion of levodopa to dopamine in the periphery, it causes an increase in the amount of levodopa reaching the central nervous system and so reduces the required dose. Benserazide has no antiparkinson actions when given alone. It has a role as an EC 4.1.1.28 (aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase) inhibitor, an antiparkinson drug and a dopaminergic agent. It is a carbohydrazide, a member of catechols, a primary amino compound and a primary alcohol. It is a conjugate base of a benserazide(1+). |
Benserazide | C1=CC(=C(C(=C1CNNC(=O)C(CO)N)O)O)O | When levodopa is used by itself as a therapy for treating Parkinson's disease, its ubiquitous metabolism into dopamine is responsible for a resultant increase in the levels of circulating dopamine in the blood and to various extracerebral tissues. This can result in a number of side effects like nausea, vomiting, or even cardiac arrhythmias that may diminish patient adherence. A decarboxylase inhibitor like benserazide is consequently an effective compound to combine with levadopa as it is incapable of crossing the blood-brain barrier itself but acts to prevent the formation of dopamine from levadopa in extracerebral tissues - thereby acting to minimize the occurrence of extracerebral side effects. Levodopa/benserazide combination products are used commonly worldwide for the management of Parkinson's disease. In particular, although the specific levodopa/benserazide combination is formally approved for use in Canada and much of Europe, the FDA has approved another similar levodopa/dopa decarboxylase inhibitor combination in the form of levodopa and carbidopa. Moreover, the European Medcines Agency has conferred an orphan designation upon benseraside since 2015 for its potential to be used as a therapy for beta thalassaemia as well. |
Benserazide | C1=CC(=C(C(=C1CNNC(=O)C(CO)N)O)O)O | An inhibitor of DOPA DECARBOXYLASE that does not enter the central nervous system. It is often given with LEVODOPA in the treatment of parkinsonism to prevent the conversion of levodopa to dopamine in the periphery, thereby increasing the amount that reaches the central nervous system and reducing the required dose. It has no antiparkinson actions when given alone. |
Benzalkonium | CCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 | BENZALKONIUM is an aromatic amine. |
Benzalkonium | CCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 | Benzalkonium is a quaternary ammonium compound used as a biocide, a cationic surfactant, and as a phase transfer agent. Benzalkonium is more commonly contained in consumer products in its salt form, benzalkonium chloride. This salt is used in a great variety of international pharmaceutical products such as eye, ear, and nasal drops or sprays as an excipient ingredient serving as an antimicrobial preservative. When used as an ingredient in antiseptic and disinfectant products however, it is an active antimicrobial agent. |
Benzalkonium | CCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 | A mixture of alkylbenzyldimethylammonium compounds. It is a bactericidal quaternary ammonium detergent used topically in medicaments, deodorants, mouthwashes, as a surgical antiseptic, and as a as preservative and emulsifier in drugs and cosmetics. |
Benzquinamide | CCN(CC)C(=O)C1CN2CCC3=CC(=C(C=C3C2CC1OC(=O)C)OC)OC | Benzquinamide is a monocarboxylic acid amide. It has a role as an antiemetic, a sedative, a H1-receptor antagonist, a muscarinic antagonist and an antipsychotic agent. |
Benzquinamide | CCN(CC)C(=O)C1CN2CCC3=CC(=C(C=C3C2CC1OC(=O)C)OC)OC | Benzquinamide is a discontinued antiemetic compound with antihistaminic, mild anticholinergic, and sedative properties. The mechanism of action is not known, but presumably benzquinamide works via antagonism of muscarinic acetycholine receptors and histamine H1 receptors. |
Cillin | CC1(C(N2C(S1)C(C2=O)NC(=O)CC3=CC=CC=C3)C(=O)O)C | Cillin is a natural product found in Penicillium chrysogenum with data available. |
4-(4-((4-Chlorophenyl)(pyridin-2-yl)methoxy)piperidin-1-yl)butanoic acid | C1CN(CCC1OC(C2=CC=C(C=C2)Cl)C3=CC=CC=N3)CCCC(=O)O | Bepotastine is a non-sedating, selective antagonist of the histamine 1 (H1) receptor. Bepotastine was approved in Japan for use in the treatment of allergic rhinitis and uriticaria/puritus in July 2000 and January 2002, respectively, and is marketed by Tanabe Seiyaku Co., Ltd. under the brand name Talion. It is available in oral and opthalmic dosage forms in Japan. The opthalmic solution is FDA approved since Sept 8, 2009 and is under the brand name Bepreve. |
4-(4-((4-Chlorophenyl)(pyridin-2-yl)methoxy)piperidin-1-yl)butanoic acid | C1CN(CCC1OC(C2=CC=C(C=C2)Cl)C3=CC=CC=N3)CCCC(=O)O | Bepotastine is a non-sedating, selective antagonist of the histamine 1 (H1) receptor. Bepotastine was approved in Japan for use in the treatment of allergic rhinitis and uriticaria/puritus in July 2000 and January 2002, respectively, and is marketed by Tanabe Seiyaku Co., Ltd. under the brand name Talion. It is available in oral and opthalmic dosage forms in Japan. The opthalmic solution is FDA approved since Sept 8, 2009 and is under the brand name Bepreve. |
Bepridil | CC(C)COCC(CN(CC1=CC=CC=C1)C2=CC=CC=C2)N3CCCC3 | Bepridil is a tertiary amine in which the substituents on nitrogen are benzyl, phenyl and 3-(2-methylpropoxy)-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)propyl. It has a role as a vasodilator agent, an anti-arrhythmia drug, an antihypertensive agent and a calcium channel blocker. It is a tertiary amine and a member of pyrrolidines. |
Bepridil | CC(C)COCC(CN(CC1=CC=CC=C1)C2=CC=CC=C2)N3CCCC3 | A long-acting, non selective, calcium channel blocker with significant anti-anginal activity. The drug produces significant coronary vasodilation and modest peripheral effects. It has antihypertensive and selective anti-arrhythmia activities and acts as a calmodulin antagonist. It is no longer marketed in the United States, as it has been implicated in causing ventricular arrhythmias (ie. Torsade de pointes). |
Bepridil | CC(C)COCC(CN(CC1=CC=CC=C1)C2=CC=CC=C2)N3CCCC3 | A long-acting calcium-blocking agent with significant anti-anginal activity. The drug produces significant coronary vasodilation and modest peripheral effects. It has antihypertensive and selective anti-arrhythmia activities and acts as a calmodulin antagonist. |
Berberine | COC1=C(C2=C[N+]3=C(C=C2C=C1)C4=CC5=C(C=C4CC3)OCO5)OC | Berberine is an organic heteropentacyclic compound, an alkaloid antibiotic, a botanical anti-fungal agent and a berberine alkaloid. It has a role as an antilipemic drug, a hypoglycemic agent, an antioxidant, a potassium channel blocker, an antineoplastic agent, an EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor, an EC 1.1.1.141 [15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor, an EC 1.13.11.52 (indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitor, an EC 1.21.3.3 (reticuline oxidase) inhibitor, an EC 2.1.1.116 [3'-hydroxy-N-methyl-(S)-coclaurine 4'-O-methyltransferase] inhibitor, an EC 3.1.1.4 (phospholipase A2) inhibitor, an EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor, an EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor, an EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor, an EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor, an EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor, an EC 2.7.11.10 (IkappaB kinase) inhibitor, an EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor, a geroprotector and a metabolite. |
Berberine | COC1=C(C2=C[N+]3=C(C=C2C=C1)C4=CC5=C(C=C4CC3)OCO5)OC | An alkaloid from Hydrastis canadensis L., Berberidaceae. It is also found in many other plants. It is relatively toxic parenterally, but has been used orally for various parasitic and fungal infections and as antidiarrheal. |
Berberine | COC1=C(C2=C[N+]3=C(C=C2C=C1)C4=CC5=C(C=C4CC3)OCO5)OC | Berberine is a quaternary ammonia compound found in many botanical products, including goldenseal, barberry and Oregon grape, which is used for its purported antioxidant and antimicrobial properties for a host of conditions, including obesity, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, heart failure, H. pylori infection and colonic adenoma prevention. Berberine has not been linked to serum aminotransferase elevations during therapy nor to instances of clinically apparent liver injury. |
Berberine | COC1=C(C2=C[N+]3=C(C=C2C=C1)C4=CC5=C(C=C4CC3)OCO5)OC | Berberine is a natural product found in Berberis poiretii, Thalictrum delavayi, and other organisms with data available. |
Berberine | COC1=C(C2=C[N+]3=C(C=C2C=C1)C4=CC5=C(C=C4CC3)OCO5)OC | Berberine is a quaternary ammonium salt of an isoquinoline alkaloid and active component of various Chinese herbs, with potential antineoplastic, radiosensitizing, anti-inflammatory, anti-lipidemic and antidiabetic activities. Although the mechanisms of action through which berberine exerts its effects are not yet fully elucidated, upon administration this agent appears to suppress the activation of various proteins and/or modulate the expression of a variety of genes involved in tumorigenesis and inflammation, including, but not limited to transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB), myeloid cell leukemia 1 (Mcl-1), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), B-cell lymphoma-extra large (Bcl-xl), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), E-selectin, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), C-X-C motif chemokine 2 (CXCL2), cyclin D1, activator protein (AP-1), hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), arylamine N-acetyltransferase (NAT), and DNA topoisomerase I and II. The modulation of gene expression may induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and inhibit cancer cell proliferation. In addition, berberine modulates lipid and glucose metabolism. |
Berberine | COC1=C(C2=C[N+]3=C(C=C2C=C1)C4=CC5=C(C=C4CC3)OCO5)OC | An alkaloid from Hydrastis canadensis L., Berberidaceae. It is also found in many other plants. It is relatively toxic parenterally, but has been used orally for various parasitic and fungal infections and as antidiarrheal. |
2,4-Dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one | COC1=CC2=C(C=C1)N(C(=O)C(O2)O)O | DIMBOA is a lactol that is DIBOA in which the hydrogen at position 7 is replaced by a methoxy group. It has been isolated from the maize plants. It has a role as a plant metabolite and an allelochemical. It is a lactol, a benzoxazine, an aromatic ether and a cyclic hydroxamic acid. It is functionally related to a DIBOA. |
2,4-Dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one | COC1=CC2=C(C=C1)N(C(=O)C(O2)O)O | 2,4-Dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one is a natural product found in Trichoderma virens with data available. |
Bethanidine | CNC(=NC)NCC1=CC=CC=C1 | Bethanidine is a member of guanidines. It has a role as an adrenergic antagonist and an antihypertensive agent. |
Bethanidine | CNC(=NC)NCC1=CC=CC=C1 | A guanidinium antihypertensive agent that acts by blocking adrenergic transmission. |
Bethanidine | CNC(=NC)NCC1=CC=CC=C1 | A guanidinium antihypertensive agent that acts by blocking adrenergic transmission. The precise mode of action is not clear. |
Bethanechol | CC(C[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)N | Bethanechol is the carbamic acid ester of 2-methylcholine. A slowly hydrolysed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects, it is used as its chloride salt to increase smooth muscle tone, as in the gastrointestinal tract following abdominal surgery, treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, and as an alternative to catheterisation in the treatment of non-obstructive urinary retention. It has a role as a muscarinic agonist. It is a quaternary ammonium ion and a carbamate ester. |
Bethanechol | CC(C[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)N | Bethanechol is a synthetic ester that was initially synthesized in 1935. As a cholinergic agent, bethanechol is similar in structure and pharmacological function to acetylcholine and is used in specific cases when stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system is necessary. For example, bethanechol is readily used to treat postoperative or postpartum urinary retention. An advantage of bethanechol is that in contrast to acetylcholine, bethanechol is not degraded by cholinesterase allowing its effects to be longer-lasting. |
Bethanechol | CC(C[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)N | Bethanechol is a Cholinergic Muscarinic Agonist. The mechanism of action of bethanechol is as a Cholinergic Muscarinic Agonist. |
Bethanechol | CC(C[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)N | Bethanechol is a synthetic ester structurally and pharmacologically related to acetylcholine. A slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects, bethanechol is generally used to increase smooth muscle tone, as in the GI tract following abdominal surgery or in urinary retention in the absence of obstruction. It may cause hypotension, cardiac rate changes, and bronchial spasms. [PubChem] |
Bethanechol | CC(C[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)N | A slowly hydrolyzing muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Bethanechol is generally used to increase smooth muscle tone, as in the GI tract following abdominal surgery or in urinary retention in the absence of obstruction. It may cause hypotension, HEART RATE changes, and BRONCHIAL SPASM. |
Bevantolol | CC1=CC(=CC=C1)OCC(CNCCC2=CC(=C(C=C2)OC)OC)O | Bevantolol is a propanolamine that is 3-aminopropane-1,2-diol in which the hydrogen of the primary hydroxy group is substituted by 3-methylphenyl and one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl. A beta1 adrenoceptor antagonist, it has been shown to be as effective as other beta-blockers for the treatment of angina pectoris and hypertension. It has a role as a beta-adrenergic antagonist, a calcium channel blocker, an antihypertensive agent and an anti-arrhythmia drug. |
Bevantolol | CC1=CC(=CC=C1)OCC(CNCCC2=CC(=C(C=C2)OC)OC)O | Bevantolol is a beta-1 adrenoceptor antagonist that has been shown to be as effective as other beta blockers for the treatment of angina pectoris and hypertension. Mechanism of Action Animal experiments confirm both agonist and antagonist effects on alpha-receptors, in addition to antagonist activity at beta-1 receptors. |
Subsets and Splits