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ardauzunoglu
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perturbated_quartz

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QRQA-10196-3-flip
Mary took a medication to lower blood pressure. What is likely happening to the blood volume in the vessels?
{ "text": [ "it decreases", "it increases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
This is because the lower blood volume in the vessels exerts less pressure on the vessel walls.
QRSent-10196
{ "effect_prop": "pressure on the vessel walls", "cause_dir_str": "lower", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "blood volume in the vessels" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "higher", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "blood volume", "more_effect_prop": "blood pressure", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10293-2
As planets move further away from the sun, the sun's gravitational pull on them
{ "text": [ "stronger", "weaker" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Even though the Sun is much larger than the Moon, the pull of the Suns gravity is much less because the Sun is much farther away.
QRSent-10293
{ "effect_prop": "gravity", "cause_dir_str": "farther", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "distance" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "stronger", "less_effect_dir": "weaker", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "sun's gravity on planets", "less_effect_prop": "sun's gravity on planets", "less_cause_dir": "sun's gravity on planets" }
QRQA-10304-2
John was watching a baseball game and noticed that a ball hit would travel a greater distance if the force was
{ "text": [ "Greater", "Lesser" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The will travel faster and farther if the batter hits it with more force.
QRSent-10304
{ "effect_prop": "force", "cause_dir_str": "farther", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "distance" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "greater", "less_effect_dir": "lesser", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "force", "less_effect_prop": "force", "less_cause_dir": "force" }
QRQA-10244-4-flip
What effect does reducing the total resistance of an electrical device have on the current strength when Mona builds it?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
As the total resistance increases, the current strength decreases.
QRSent-10244
{ "effect_prop": "current strength", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "total resistance" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "the total resistance of it", "more_effect_prop": "current strength", "less_effect_prop": "current strength", "less_cause_dir": "current strength" }
QRQA-10361-3-flip
John is considering parallax and wants to experiment with it. He holds his finger away from his eye, then moves it closer. At the farthest point from his eye, the position will have shifted to be
{ "text": [ "lesser", "greater" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The closer your finger is to your eyes, the greater the position changes because of parallax.
QRSent-10361
{ "effect_prop": "position changes", "cause_dir_str": "closer", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "close" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "greater", "less_effect_dir": "lesser", "less_cause_prop": "finger", "more_effect_prop": "position", "less_effect_prop": "position", "less_cause_dir": "position" }
QRQA-10095-4
Tessa took a long run and noticed her veins were bulging.
{ "text": [ "smaller", "larger" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Increasing the diameter of the blood vessels increases the amount of blood and heat that moves near the skins surface.
QRSent-10095
{ "effect_prop": "Amount of blood", "cause_dir_str": "increasing", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "Diameter of blood vessells" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "veins", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10288-1
An alkane with two carbon atoms should have a lower melting point than an alkane with six carbon atoms
{ "text": [ "higher", "lower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Alkanes with more carbon atoms generally have higher boiling and melting points.
QRSent-10288
{ "effect_prop": "boiling and melting points", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "higher", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "carbon atoms in an Alkane" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "higher", "less_effect_dir": "lower", "less_cause_prop": "carbon atoms", "more_effect_prop": "melting point", "less_effect_prop": "melting point", "less_cause_dir": "melting point" }
QRQA-10311-2
Fay was scuba diving at 100 feet, while Rita was at 10 feet. Who would probably need a flashlight?
{ "text": [ "Fay", "Rita" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The deeper you go, the darker the water gets.
QRSent-10311
{ "effect_prop": "darkness in water", "cause_dir_str": "deeper", "effect_dir_str": "darker", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "depth in water" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "depth", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10011-5
The resistance will decrease in a circuit when resistors are added in parallel.
{ "text": [ "parallel", "series" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
In a parallel circuit, the resistance decreases as more resistors are added in parallel.
QRSent-10011
{ "effect_prop": "resistance", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "resistors in paralle" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "series", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "resistance", "less_cause_dir": "resistance" }
QRQA-10168-3
Applying a lot of force to an object, will it accelerate
{ "text": [ "faster", "slower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The greater the force that is applied to an object of a given mass, the more the object will accelerate.
QRSent-10168
{ "effect_prop": "acceleration", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "force" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "faster", "less_effect_dir": "slower", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "acceleration", "less_effect_prop": "acceleration", "less_cause_dir": "acceleration" }
QRQA-10154-5
What effect does an increased metabolism rate have on Milo's body heat levels when he gets cold from being outside?
{ "text": [ "decrease", "increase" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
For example, on a cold day, an endotherm may produce more body heat by increasing its rate of metabolism.
QRSent-10154
{ "effect_prop": "body heat", "cause_dir_str": "increasing", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "rate of metabolism" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "body heat levels", "less_effect_prop": "body heat levels", "less_cause_dir": "body heat levels" }
QRQA-10137-5
As Mona examines her arteries, moving further away from her heart, what change does she notice in their size?
{ "text": [ "smaller", "larger" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Further away from the heart, the aorta branches into smaller arteries, which eventually branch into capillaries.
QRSent-10137
{ "effect_prop": "aorta branches into smaller arteries", "cause_dir_str": "further away", "effect_dir_str": "smaller", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "Further away from the heart" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "larger", "less_effect_dir": "smaller", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "size of arteries", "less_effect_prop": "size of arteries", "less_cause_dir": "size of arteries" }
QRQA-10155-2-flip
Eric has bad lung problems living 20 miles from New York. If he moves closer to the city, his health may get worse.
{ "text": [ "farther away from", "closer to" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Certain respiratory conditions can be made worse in people who live closer to or in large cites.
QRSent-10155
{ "effect_prop": "closer to large cities", "cause_dir_str": "worse", "effect_dir_str": "closer", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "respiratory conditions" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "closer to", "less_effect_dir": "farther away from", "less_cause_prop": "health", "more_effect_prop": "the city", "less_effect_prop": "the city", "less_cause_dir": "the city" }
QRQA-10299-3-flip
What are the effects of increased distance from the sun?
{ "text": [ "cool down", "heat up" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The stratosphere gets most of its heat from the Sun. Therefore, its warmer closer to the Sun.
QRSent-10299
{ "effect_prop": "heat", "cause_dir_str": "closer", "effect_dir_str": "warmer", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "sun energy" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "heat up", "less_effect_dir": "cool down", "less_cause_prop": "from the sun", "more_effect_prop": "we", "less_effect_prop": "we", "less_cause_dir": "we" }
QRQA-10314-1
Jacob was doing a science experiment in class and discovered that when waves have larger amplitudes, they also possess energy that is
{ "text": [ "greater", "smaller" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Waves with greater amplitudes or shorter wavelengths have more energy.
QRSent-10314
{ "effect_prop": "energy", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "amplitutes" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "greater", "less_effect_dir": "smaller", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "energy", "less_effect_prop": "energy", "less_cause_dir": "energy" }
QRQA-10223-4
Rich raised the pH level of the solution in the lab. The acid is now
{ "text": [ "stronger", "weaker" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The lower the pH value is, the greater is the concentration of hydrogen ions and the stronger the acid.
QRSent-10223
{ "effect_prop": "stronger the acid", "cause_dir_str": "lower", "effect_dir_str": "stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "pH value of acid" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "stronger", "less_effect_dir": "weaker", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "acid", "less_effect_prop": "acid", "less_cause_dir": "acid" }
QRQA-10185-4
The growth rate accelerates as the population increases in exponential growth.
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
In exponential growth as the population size increases, the growth rate also increases.
QRSent-10185
{ "effect_prop": "growth rate", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "population" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "growth rate", "less_effect_prop": "growth rate", "less_cause_dir": "growth rate" }
QRQA-10014-2
Which animal has higher blood pressure, an elephant or a wren, given the elephant's larger blood volume?
{ "text": [ "wren", "elephant" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
As blood volume in the body increases, blood pressure increases.
QRSent-10014
{ "effect_prop": "blood pressure", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "blood volume in the body" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "higher", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "blood pressure", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10203-2
What impact will Mona's reduced use of nonrenewable resources have on their longevity?
{ "text": [ "decrease", "increase" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Using less nonrenewable resources means that they will last longer.
QRSent-10203
{ "effect_prop": "last longer", "cause_dir_str": "less", "effect_dir_str": "longer", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "nonrenewable resources" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "nonrenewable resources", "more_effect_prop": "length of time those resources will last", "less_effect_prop": "length of time those resources will last", "less_cause_dir": "length of time those resources will last" }
QRQA-10074-3
If Mona switches to a cleaner burning fuel for her car, will that increase or decrease her pollution output?
{ "text": [ "more pollution", "less pollution" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The advantage to biofuels is that they burn more cleanly than fossil fuels. As a result, they create less pollution and less carbon dioxide.
QRSent-10074
{ "effect_prop": "pollution", "cause_dir_str": "more cleanly", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "burn more cleanly" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "fuel", "more_effect_prop": "pollution", "less_effect_prop": "pollution", "less_cause_dir": "pollution" }
QRQA-10078-2-flip
If Mary reduces the force on her wagon while pushing it, how will its acceleration change?
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The greater the net force acting on the object, the greater its acceleration will be, but the mass of the object also affects its acceleration.
QRSent-10078
{ "effect_prop": "acceleration", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "net force acting on the object" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "force", "more_effect_prop": "acceleration", "less_effect_prop": "acceleration", "less_cause_dir": "acceleration" }
QRQA-10330-3
Heather's atom required less energy to remove electrons from.
{ "text": [ "Will", "Heather" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Less energy is also needed to remove electrons from larger atoms in the same group of the periodic table.
QRSent-10330
{ "effect_prop": "larger atom to remove electrons", "cause_dir_str": "less", "effect_dir_str": "larger", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "energy" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "large", "less_effect_dir": "smaller", "less_cause_prop": "energy", "more_effect_prop": "atom", "less_effect_prop": "atom", "less_cause_dir": "atom" }
QRQA-10159-2-flip
A flu vaccine was given to residents of a large city, but it failed to reduce the risk of flu among them, leading to a
{ "text": [ "higher death rate", "lower death rate." ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
With better food and less chance of disease, the death rate fell.
QRSent-10159
{ "effect_prop": "death rate", "cause_dir_str": "less", "effect_dir_str": "fell", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "chance of disease" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "higher death rate", "less_effect_dir": "lower death rate", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "death rate", "less_effect_prop": "death rate", "less_cause_dir": "death rate" }
QRQA-10029-5-flip
Eric took glaciers out of his ocean model, so the sea level probably
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
An increase in glaciers lowers sea level and a decrease in glaciers raises sea level.
QRSent-10029
{ "effect_prop": "sea level", "cause_dir_str": "increase", "effect_dir_str": "lowers", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "glaciers" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "glaciers", "more_effect_prop": "sea level", "less_effect_prop": "sea level", "less_cause_dir": "sea level" }
QRQA-10180-3
A hot object shows its particles are moving
{ "text": [ "fast", "slow" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
When particles move more slowly, temperature is lower and an object feels cooler.
QRSent-10180
{ "effect_prop": "temperature of it", "cause_dir_str": "more slowly", "effect_dir_str": "lower", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "speed of a particle" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "hot", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "particles", "more_effect_prop": "object", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10379-5
As objects move further away from each other, their magnetic attraction
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The smaller the distance between the objects, the greater the force of magnetic attraction.
QRSent-10379
{ "effect_prop": "magnetic attraction", "cause_dir_str": "smaller", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "distance between the objects" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "magnetic attraction", "less_effect_prop": "magnetic attraction", "less_cause_dir": "magnetic attraction" }
QRQA-10379-4
Mary stepped nearer to Paul. The magnetic pull between them
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The smaller the distance between the objects, the greater the force of magnetic attraction.
QRSent-10379
{ "effect_prop": "force of magnetic attraction", "cause_dir_str": "smaller", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "distance" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "force of magnetic attraction", "less_effect_prop": "force of magnetic attraction", "less_cause_dir": "force of magnetic attraction" }
QRQA-10154-4
Endotherms can control their body temperature. By speeding up its metabolic rate, the body heat
{ "text": [ "Decreased", "Increased" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
For example, on a cold day, an endotherm may produce more body heat by increasing its rate of metabolism.
QRSent-10154
{ "effect_prop": "metabolism", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "increasing", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "heat" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increasing", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "body heat", "more_effect_prop": "metabolism", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10291-1
What type of atom would be easier to split in a fission reaction
{ "text": [ "Helium, with its two protons", "Plutonium, with its 94 protons?" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
As more protons are added to the nucleus, the electromagnetic force of repulsion between them gets stronger, while the strong nuclear force of attraction between them gets weaker.
QRSent-10291
{ "effect_prop": "strong nuclear force in the atom", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "weaker", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "protons in an atomic nucleus" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "protons", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10373-3
When milk cools, evaporation occurs.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The higher the temperature of the liquid, the faster it will evaporate.
QRSent-10373
{ "effect_prop": "faster evaporation", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "faster", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "temperature of a liquid" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "milk", "more_effect_prop": "evaporate", "less_effect_prop": "evaporate", "less_cause_dir": "evaporate" }
QRQA-10299-5
Will's spaceship flew closer and closer to the sun. The temperature rose over time.
{ "text": [ "increased", "dropped" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The stratosphere gets most of its heat from the Sun. Therefore, its warmer closer to the Sun.
QRSent-10299
{ "effect_prop": "closer to the sun", "cause_dir_str": "warmer", "effect_dir_str": "closer", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "heat from the sun" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "closer to", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "temperature", "more_effect_prop": "sun", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10288-2
If an item contains many carbon atoms, its boiling point is likely to be
{ "text": [ "low", "high" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Alkanes with more carbon atoms generally have higher boiling and melting points.
QRSent-10288
{ "effect_prop": "boiling point", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "higher", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "carbon atoms" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "high", "less_effect_dir": "low", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "boiling point", "less_effect_prop": "boiling point", "less_cause_dir": "boiling point" }
QRQA-10006-2-flip
Here are the paraphrased versions: Original: John was a doctor in a cancer ward and knew that early detection was key. Paraphrased: As a cancer ward doctor, John knew early detection was crucial. Original: The cancer being detected slowly makes the cancer treatment Paraphrased: Slow cancer detection makes treatment
{ "text": [ "Easier", "Harder" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The sooner cancer is detected the easier it is to treat.
QRSent-10006
{ "effect_prop": "treatment", "cause_dir_str": "sooner", "effect_dir_str": "easier", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "quickly" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "Easier", "less_effect_dir": "Harder", "less_cause_prop": "cancer", "more_effect_prop": "cancer treatment", "less_effect_prop": "cancer treatment", "less_cause_dir": "cancer treatment" }
QRQA-10095-5
When Derek was in the hospital, his blood vessels were dilated more than usual, indicating that his body was operating
{ "text": [ "colder", "warmer" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Increasing the diameter of the blood vessels increases the amount of blood and heat that moves near the skins surface.
QRSent-10095
{ "effect_prop": "heat", "cause_dir_str": "increasing", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "diameter of blood vessels" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "warmer", "less_effect_dir": "colder", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "body", "less_effect_prop": "body", "less_cause_dir": "body" }
QRQA-10148-3-flip
If there were less land in the Southern Hemisphere, there would probably be less trash buildup in the oceans.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The Southern Hemisphere has less trash buildup in the oceans because less of the region is continent.
QRSent-10148
{ "effect_prop": "trash buildup in the oceans", "cause_dir_str": "less", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "continental regions in a hemisphere" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "land in the Southern Hemisphere", "more_effect_prop": "trash buildup in the oceans", "less_effect_prop": "trash buildup in the oceans", "less_cause_dir": "trash buildup in the oceans" }
QRQA-10191-2
How much space is available to someone in a smaller room?
{ "text": [ "Less", "More" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
When a gas is squeezed into a smaller volume, the particles have less space to move.
QRSent-10191
{ "effect_prop": "space to move", "cause_dir_str": "smaller", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "volume" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "room", "more_effect_prop": "space", "less_effect_prop": "space", "less_cause_dir": "space" }
QRQA-10299-3
What are the effects of approaching the sun?
{ "text": [ "cool down", "heat up" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The stratosphere gets most of its heat from the Sun. Therefore, its warmer closer to the Sun.
QRSent-10299
{ "effect_prop": "heat", "cause_dir_str": "closer", "effect_dir_str": "warmer", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "sun energy" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "heat up", "less_effect_dir": "cool down", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "we", "less_effect_prop": "we", "less_cause_dir": "we" }
QRQA-10220-5-flip
Which object traveled a shorter distance before coming to a stop after James slid it across the floor?
{ "text": [ "anvil", "pillow" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Heavier objects press together with greater force, and this causes greater friction between them.
QRSent-10220
{ "effect_prop": "friction", "cause_dir_str": "heavier", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "Heavier objects" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "slid the shorter distance before stopping", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "pillow", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10202-2
Dana is looking at electrons, which are moving at higher energy levels. Because these electrons have more energy, relative to the nucleus they are
{ "text": [ "closer", "farther" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Electrons at higher energy levels, which are farther from the nucleus, have more energy.
QRSent-10202
{ "effect_prop": "energy", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "energy levels" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more energy", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "electrons", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10350-1
What effect will increasing the concentration of reactants have on the rate of reaction for John's solution?
{ "text": [ "it will become faster", "it will become slower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
When the concentration of reactants is higher, the reaction rate is faster.
QRSent-10350
{ "effect_prop": "reaction rate", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "faster", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "reactant concentration" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "faster", "less_effect_dir": "slower", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "rate of reaction", "less_effect_prop": "rate of reaction", "less_cause_dir": "rate of reaction" }
QRQA-10244-3
Theo was removing resistors from a circuit. As a result of his actions, the resistance increased, causing the current to
{ "text": [ "increased", "decreased" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
As the total resistance increases, the current strength decreases.
QRSent-10244
{ "effect_prop": "current strength", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "total resistance" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increased", "less_effect_dir": "decreased", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "strength of the current", "less_effect_prop": "strength of the current", "less_cause_dir": "strength of the current" }
QRQA-10168-3-flip
With minimal force applied, will an object accelerate?
{ "text": [ "faster", "slower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The greater the force that is applied to an object of a given mass, the more the object will accelerate.
QRSent-10168
{ "effect_prop": "acceleration", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "force" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "faster", "less_effect_dir": "slower", "less_cause_prop": "force", "more_effect_prop": "acceleration", "less_effect_prop": "acceleration", "less_cause_dir": "acceleration" }
QRQA-10191-5
Jan puts a gas into a huge container, and then the same amount of gas into a small container. The gas in the small container has less space to move than
{ "text": [ "lesser", "greater" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
When a gas is squeezed into a smaller volume, the particles have less space to move.
QRSent-10191
{ "effect_prop": "space to move", "cause_dir_str": "smaller", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "volume" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "greater", "less_effect_dir": "lesser", "less_cause_prop": "container", "more_effect_prop": "space to move", "less_effect_prop": "space to move", "less_cause_dir": "space to move" }
QRQA-10347-3-flip
Which object would travel the shorter distance if Kevin slid an orange and a frying pan across the table?
{ "text": [ "frying pan", "orange" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Heavier objects also have more friction because they press together with greater force.
QRSent-10347
{ "effect_prop": "friction", "cause_dir_str": "heavier", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "Heavier objects" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "shorter", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "orange", "more_effect_prop": "distance", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10139-3
What is the effect on the amplitude of the soundwave when Mona increases the size of its crests and turns up her radio?
{ "text": [ "decreases", "increases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The higher the crests are, the greater the amplitude of the wave.
QRSent-10139
{ "effect_prop": "amplitude of the wave", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "higher the crests" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "Soundwave", "less_effect_prop": "Soundwave", "less_cause_dir": "Soundwave" }
QRQA-10293-1-flip
As a planet moves farther from Earth, it will exert a weaker pull of gravity.
{ "text": [ "higher", "lower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Even though the Sun is much larger than the Moon, the pull of the Suns gravity is much less because the Sun is much farther away.
QRSent-10293
{ "effect_prop": "pull of gravity", "cause_dir_str": "farther", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "distance from Earth" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "Higher", "less_effect_dir": "lower", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "pull", "less_effect_prop": "pull", "less_cause_dir": "pull" }
QRQA-10052-3
As Milo travels deeper into the Earth while underground, what is the effect on the surrounding pressure?
{ "text": [ "decreases", "increases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Pressure: Pressure increases with depth, but increased pressure raises the melting temperature, so melting of rock is less likely to occur at higher pressures.
QRSent-10052
{ "effect_prop": "Pressure", "cause_dir_str": "with", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "depth" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "pressure", "less_effect_prop": "pressure", "less_cause_dir": "pressure" }
QRQA-10219-2
A slow _____
{ "text": [ "increased", "decreased" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
This causes the delivery of less oxygen to the cells, and this stimulates the heart rate via adrenalin, so that pulse rate increases in an effort to deliver enough oxygen to cells.
QRSent-10219
{ "effect_prop": "pulse rate", "cause_dir_str": "", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "oxygen to cells" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "Less", "less_effect_dir": "More", "less_cause_prop": "Pulse", "more_effect_prop": "Oxygen", "less_effect_prop": "Oxygen", "less_cause_dir": "Oxygen" }
QRQA-10103-1-flip
After adding a bottle of non-acidic tea to a glass of water, will the resulting mixture
{ "text": [ "lower pH", "higher pH?" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Lower pH numbers are more acidic and higher numbers are less acidic (also called more alkaline).
QRSent-10103
{ "effect_prop": "acidity", "cause_dir_str": "lower", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "pH numbers" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "non-acidic", "less_cause_prop": "pH", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "tea", "less_cause_dir": "tea" }
QRQA-10169-2
Milo resides in a small city that's seeing a surge in new residents. With the growing population and rising water demand, how will the water supply in his city be affected?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The availability of water is projected to get worse as demand increases.
QRSent-10169
{ "effect_prop": "availability of water", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "worse", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "demand" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "availability", "less_effect_prop": "availability", "less_cause_dir": "availability" }
QRQA-10381-1-flip
Josh is an electrician. If he removes a resistor from a circuit, the circuit's resistance will
{ "text": [ "stronger", "weaker." ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Increasing the number of resistors connected in parallel decreases the overall resistance of the circuit.
QRSent-10381
{ "effect_prop": "resistance", "cause_dir_str": "increasing", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "resistors" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "stronger", "less_effect_dir": "weaker", "less_cause_prop": "resistor", "more_effect_prop": "resistance", "less_effect_prop": "resistance", "less_cause_dir": "resistance" }
QRQA-10148-3
If there were more land in the Southern Hemisphere, there would probably be less trash buildup in the oceans.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The Southern Hemisphere has less trash buildup in the oceans because less of the region is continent.
QRSent-10148
{ "effect_prop": "trash buildup in the oceans", "cause_dir_str": "less", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "continental regions in a hemisphere" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "trash buildup in the oceans", "less_effect_prop": "trash buildup in the oceans", "less_cause_dir": "trash buildup in the oceans" }
QRQA-10244-4
What effect does increasing the total resistance of an electrical device have on the current strength when Mona is building it?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
As the total resistance increases, the current strength decreases.
QRSent-10244
{ "effect_prop": "current strength", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "total resistance" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "current strength", "less_effect_prop": "current strength", "less_cause_dir": "current strength" }
QRQA-10226-3
What is the effect on the car's kinetic energy when Mona accelerates while driving?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Anything that is moving has kinetic energy, and the faster it is moving, the more kinetic energy it has.
QRSent-10226
{ "effect_prop": "kinetic energy it has", "cause_dir_str": "faster", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "faster it is moving" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "kinetic energy", "less_effect_prop": "kinetic energy", "less_cause_dir": "kinetic energy" }
QRQA-10155-4
If Milo has asthma and relocates to the city, how might it affect his condition?
{ "text": [ "gets worse", "gets better" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Certain respiratory conditions can be made worse in people who live closer to or in large cites.
QRSent-10155
{ "effect_prop": "respiratory conditions", "cause_dir_str": "large", "effect_dir_str": "worse", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "large cites" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "gets worse", "less_effect_dir": "gets better", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "asthma", "less_effect_prop": "asthma", "less_cause_dir": "asthma" }
QRQA-10214-2
How would a decrease in fossil fuel usage impact carbon dioxide emissions?
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The carbon taxes encourage people to use less fossil fuel, which reduces carbon dioxide emissions.
QRSent-10214
{ "effect_prop": "carbon dioxide emissions", "cause_dir_str": "less", "effect_dir_str": "reduces", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "fossil fuel" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "amount of fossil fuels", "more_effect_prop": "amount of carbon dioxide emitted", "less_effect_prop": "amount of carbon dioxide emitted", "less_cause_dir": "amount of carbon dioxide emitted" }
QRQA-10179-1
If Jim shifts a continent towards the North Pole on the Mercator map, how will its size be affected?
{ "text": [ "it will become larger", "it will become smaller" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
In a Mercator projection, because Greenland is closer to the pole, the continents shape and size are greatly increased.
QRSent-10179
{ "effect_prop": "size of continent", "cause_dir_str": "closer", "effect_dir_str": "increased", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "proximity to a pole" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "larger", "less_effect_dir": "smaller", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "continent", "less_effect_prop": "continent", "less_cause_dir": "continent" }
QRQA-10071-1-flip
A photon with more energy than another will also have a _____ higher frequency.
{ "text": [ "higher", "lower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The higher the frequency is, the more energy a photon has.
QRSent-10071
{ "effect_prop": "energy", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "frequency of a proton" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "photon", "more_effect_prop": "energy", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10129-5-flip
If Jim successfully reduces the rate of photosynthesis in the plants he's experimenting on, how will it affect their glucose storage?
{ "text": [ "it increases", "it decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
As photosynthesis increases, the amount of stored glucose in the guard cells increases.
QRSent-10129
{ "effect_prop": "stored glucose", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "photosynthesis" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "the rate of photosynthesis", "more_effect_prop": "stored glucose", "less_effect_prop": "stored glucose", "less_cause_dir": "stored glucose" }
QRQA-10212-3
Compared to a more common one, the rare snail's shell is _____ harder.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Hard shells fossilize more readily than soft bodied organisms, as they are better at resisting decay, take significantly longer to break down, and have a greater chance of surviving burial under layers of sediment.
QRSent-10212
{ "effect_prop": "fossilize more readily", "cause_dir_str": "hard", "effect_dir_str": "more readily", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "hard shells" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more common", "less_effect_dir": "very rare", "less_cause_prop": "hard", "more_effect_prop": "fossil form", "less_effect_prop": "fossil form", "less_cause_dir": "fossil form" }
QRQA-10067-1
What two objects would have the strongest gravitational pull between them?
{ "text": [ "Earth and Neptune", "Jupiter and Neptune" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
This is because the gravitational force of attraction between the Earth and Sun is stronger when the Earth is closer to the Sun.
QRSent-10067
{ "effect_prop": "Distance between objects", "cause_dir_str": "stronger", "effect_dir_str": "closer", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "Gravitational force" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "Earth and Neptune", "less_effect_prop": "Jupiter and Neptune", "less_cause_dir": "Jupiter and Neptune" }
QRQA-10180-4-flip
Keely had just run a mile and was now running faster to finish the race.
{ "text": [ "warm up", "cool down" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
When particles move more slowly, temperature is lower and an object feels cooler.
QRSent-10180
{ "effect_prop": "Temperatures", "cause_dir_str": "more slowly", "effect_dir_str": "lower", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "Slower message cement" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "warm up", "less_effect_dir": "cool down", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "temperature", "less_effect_prop": "temperature", "less_cause_dir": "temperature" }
QRQA-10097-3
What properties does the concentrated beam of light have that Harry created using the glass?
{ "text": [ "it has more energy", "it has less energy" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The more focused the Suns rays are, the more energy an area receives and the warmer it is.
QRSent-10097
{ "effect_prop": "energy received", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "focus of the sun's rays" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "energy", "less_effect_prop": "energy", "less_cause_dir": "energy" }
QRQA-10273-4-flip
Will's simulation involves exponential death, and as the population in his model drops, the growth rate also
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
With exponential growth, the population starts out growing slowly. As population size increases, the growth rate also increases.
QRSent-10273
{ "effect_prop": "growth rate", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "population size with exponential growth" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "More", "less_cause_prop": "Death", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "Death", "less_cause_dir": "Death" }
QRQA-10308-5-flip
To reduce the electromagnet's strength, what adjustment should Milo make to the current when lifting a car?
{ "text": [ "decrease it", "increase it" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
If the current passing through the circuit breaker increases, the electromagnet becomes stronger.
QRSent-10308
{ "effect_prop": "electromagnet becomes stronger", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "current" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "current", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "electromagnet strength", "less_cause_dir": "electromagnet strength" }
QRQA-10299-5-flip
Will's spaceship flew further and further from the sun. The temperature decreased over time.
{ "text": [ "increased", "dropped" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The stratosphere gets most of its heat from the Sun. Therefore, its warmer closer to the Sun.
QRSent-10299
{ "effect_prop": "closer to the sun", "cause_dir_str": "warmer", "effect_dir_str": "closer", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "heat from the sun" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "further from", "less_cause_prop": "temperature", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "sun", "less_cause_dir": "sun" }
QRQA-10202-2-flip
Dana is examining electrons that are moving at lower energy levels. As a result, these electrons have less energy, and in relation to the nucleus, they are
{ "text": [ "closer", "farther" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Electrons at higher energy levels, which are farther from the nucleus, have more energy.
QRSent-10202
{ "effect_prop": "energy", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "energy levels" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "energy levels", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "energy", "less_cause_dir": "energy" }
QRQA-10379-4-flip
Mary moved further away from Paul. The magnetic attraction force between them
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The smaller the distance between the objects, the greater the force of magnetic attraction.
QRSent-10379
{ "effect_prop": "force of magnetic attraction", "cause_dir_str": "smaller", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "distance" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "walked", "more_effect_prop": "force of magnetic attraction", "less_effect_prop": "force of magnetic attraction", "less_cause_dir": "force of magnetic attraction" }
QRQA-10220-2
Dan falls off one stair one day, then takes a tumble down three stairs the next. Following the three-stair fall, in comparison to the single step, Dan is likely to experience
{ "text": [ "greater friction", "less friction" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Heavier objects press together with greater force, and this causes greater friction between them.
QRSent-10220
{ "effect_prop": "friction", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "force" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "greater", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "stair", "more_effect_prop": "friction", "less_effect_prop": "friction", "less_cause_dir": "friction" }
QRQA-10179-4
Sarah is traveling, and notices that continents appear larger when they are closer to the pole.
{ "text": [ "closer", "further" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
In a Mercator projection, because Greenland is closer to the pole, the continents shape and size are greatly increased.
QRSent-10179
{ "effect_prop": "size", "cause_dir_str": "closer", "effect_dir_str": "increased", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "close to pole" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "larger", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "distance", "more_effect_prop": "continent", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10288-4-flip
_____ boiling and melting points are a result of alkanes having fewer carbon atoms.
{ "text": [ "Higher or", "lower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Alkanes with more carbon atoms generally have higher boiling and melting points.
QRSent-10288
{ "effect_prop": "boiling and melting points", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "higher", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "atoms" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "higher", "less_effect_dir": "lower", "less_cause_prop": "atoms", "more_effect_prop": "boiling points", "less_effect_prop": "boiling points", "less_cause_dir": "boiling points" }
QRQA-10361-5-flip
What effect does moving her index finger farther from her eyes have on the amount of position change Mona's eye experiences?
{ "text": [ "decrease", "increase" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The closer your finger is to your eyes, the greater the position changes because of parallax.
QRSent-10361
{ "effect_prop": "position changes", "cause_dir_str": "closer", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "closer your finger" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "index finger", "more_effect_prop": "amount of position change", "less_effect_prop": "amount of position change", "less_cause_dir": "amount of position change" }
QRQA-10214-3-flip
The Canadian government is weighing the introduction of reduced carbon taxes nationwide, which would likely lead to a decrease in the country's carbon dioxide emissions.
{ "text": [ "fall", "rise" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The carbon taxes encourage people to use less fossil fuel, which reduces carbon dioxide emissions.
QRSent-10214
{ "effect_prop": "carbon dioxide emissions", "cause_dir_str": "", "effect_dir_str": "reduces", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "carbon taxes" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "rise", "less_effect_dir": "fall", "less_cause_prop": "carbon taxes", "more_effect_prop": "carbon dioxide emissions", "less_effect_prop": "carbon dioxide emissions", "less_cause_dir": "carbon dioxide emissions" }
QRQA-10148-4
If land is scarce, trash levels will be
{ "text": [ "higher", "lower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The Southern Hemisphere has less trash buildup in the oceans because less of the region is continent.
QRSent-10148
{ "effect_prop": "trash buildup", "cause_dir_str": "less", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "land" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "higher", "less_effect_dir": "lower", "less_cause_prop": "land", "more_effect_prop": "trash levels", "less_effect_prop": "trash levels", "less_cause_dir": "trash levels" }
QRQA-10159-5
In a city like Mona's with limited food access, if a wealthier city begins offering aid, how will the mortality rate be affected?
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
With better food and less chance of disease, the death rate fell.
QRSent-10159
{ "effect_prop": "death rate", "cause_dir_str": "better", "effect_dir_str": "fell", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "better food" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "death rate", "less_effect_prop": "death rate", "less_cause_dir": "death rate" }
QRQA-10147-5
A blue-colored star is typically
{ "text": [ "cold", "hot" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
But, in stars, the bluer the star, the hotter it is, and the redder it is, the older and colder it is.
QRSent-10147
{ "effect_prop": "heat", "cause_dir_str": "bluer", "effect_dir_str": "hotter", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "blue" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "hot", "less_effect_dir": "cold", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "star", "less_effect_prop": "star", "less_cause_dir": "star" }
QRQA-10234-4-flip
A man just turned 20 and is celebrating his Birthday. Compared to when the man becomes 80, he is now less likely to find out he has a disease
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Many diseases become more common as people grow older.
QRSent-10234
{ "effect_prop": "diseases", "cause_dir_str": "older", "effect_dir_str": "more common", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "grow older" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more likely", "less_effect_dir": "less likely", "less_cause_prop": "man", "more_effect_prop": "disease", "less_effect_prop": "disease", "less_cause_dir": "disease" }
QRQA-10214-1-flip
A decrease in the use of fossil fuels will likely lead to a reduction in emissions of carbon dioxide.
{ "text": [ "lower", "higher" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The carbon taxes encourage people to use less fossil fuel, which reduces carbon dioxide emissions.
QRSent-10214
{ "effect_prop": "carbon dioxide emissions", "cause_dir_str": "less", "effect_dir_str": "reduces", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "use of fossil fuel" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "higher", "less_effect_dir": "lower", "less_cause_prop": "use", "more_effect_prop": "emissions", "less_effect_prop": "emissions", "less_cause_dir": "emissions" }
QRQA-10250-3-flip
People have less water in deserts than in forests.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Drier climates generally have less water for people to use.
QRSent-10250
{ "effect_prop": "water", "cause_dir_str": "drier", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "precipitation" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "water", "less_effect_prop": "water", "less_cause_dir": "water" }
QRQA-10236-2-flip
If Milo's engine reduces its wasted output energy, how would it impact the efficiency of his system?
{ "text": [ "more efficient", "less efficient" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The greater the wasted output energy, the less efficient the system.
QRSent-10236
{ "effect_prop": "efficient the system", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "wasted output energy" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "wasted output energy", "more_effect_prop": "efficiency", "less_effect_prop": "efficiency", "less_cause_dir": "efficiency" }
QRQA-10037-4
What is the effect on the amount of energy produced when Milo gradually increases the speed of rubbing two surfaces together?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Friction causes the molecules on rubbing surfaces to move faster, so they have more energy. This gives them a higher temperature, and they feel warmer.
QRSent-10037
{ "effect_prop": "energy", "cause_dir_str": "faster", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "rubbing surfaces" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "rubbing two surfaces together", "more_effect_prop": "energy produced", "less_effect_prop": "energy produced", "less_cause_dir": "energy produced" }
QRQA-10311-4
When you reach the bottom of the ocean it is nearly pitch black because of the light levels
{ "text": [ "black", "white" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The deeper you go, the darker the water gets.
QRSent-10311
{ "effect_prop": "light", "cause_dir_str": "deeper", "effect_dir_str": "darker", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "depth" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "white", "less_effect_dir": "black", "less_cause_prop": "ocean", "more_effect_prop": "light", "less_effect_prop": "light", "less_cause_dir": "light" }
QRQA-10373-1-flip
If Jim reduces the temperature of the water in the beaker, how will this affect the rate at which the water evaporates?
{ "text": [ "it will decrease", "it will increase" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The higher the temperature of the liquid, the faster it will evaporate.
QRSent-10373
{ "effect_prop": "rate of evaporation", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "faster", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "liquid temperature" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "temperature", "more_effect_prop": "rate of evaporation", "less_effect_prop": "rate of evaporation", "less_cause_dir": "rate of evaporation" }
QRQA-10258-5
Considering the friction levels, which one would be easier to push across the ground?
{ "text": [ "A 10 pound brick", "A 1000 pound block" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The faster or larger a moving object is, the greater is the fluid friction resisting its motion.
QRSent-10258
{ "effect_prop": "friction", "cause_dir_str": "larger", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "size" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "easier", "less_cause_prop": "brick", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "push across the ground", "less_cause_dir": "push across the ground" }
QRQA-10325-5
When the oceans warm up, this results in
{ "text": [ "more weather", "less weather" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Adding more heat energy to Earths atmosphere also causes more extreme weather and changes in precipitation patterns.
QRSent-10325
{ "effect_prop": "weather", "cause_dir_str": "more heat", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "heat" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "weather", "less_effect_prop": "weather", "less_cause_dir": "weather" }
QRQA-10243-1
Dean and Bob are hosting an event. Given the big turnout expected, the amount of resources needed will have to
{ "text": [ "small", "great" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
More people need more resources.
QRSent-10243
{ "effect_prop": "resources", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "people" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "great", "less_effect_dir": "small", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "amount of resources", "less_effect_prop": "amount of resources", "less_cause_dir": "amount of resources" }
QRQA-10095-5-flip
When Derek was in the hospital, his blood vessels were narrower than usual, which meant his body was running
{ "text": [ "colder", "warmer" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Increasing the diameter of the blood vessels increases the amount of blood and heat that moves near the skins surface.
QRSent-10095
{ "effect_prop": "heat", "cause_dir_str": "increasing", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "diameter of blood vessels" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "warmer", "less_effect_dir": "colder", "less_cause_prop": "blood vessels", "more_effect_prop": "body", "less_effect_prop": "body", "less_cause_dir": "body" }
QRQA-10049-3-flip
Keith is showering, washing himself with a bar of soap, then a loofah. Using the loofah will give Keith's skin less exfoliation due to the reduced friction when he washes his body with
{ "text": [ "soap", "loofah" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Friction is greater when objects have rougher surfaces or are heavier so they press together with greater force.
QRSent-10049
{ "effect_prop": "rough surfaces", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "rougher", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "friction" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "loofah", "less_effect_dir": "soap", "less_cause_prop": "friction", "more_effect_prop": "exfoliation", "less_effect_prop": "exfoliation", "less_cause_dir": "exfoliation" }
QRQA-10191-1
Carlos transferred his gas to a tiny tube, and he expects that as the particles try to move, there will be movement that is
{ "text": [ "greater", "smaller" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
When a gas is squeezed into a smaller volume, the particles have less space to move.
QRSent-10191
{ "effect_prop": "movement", "cause_dir_str": "smaller", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "volume" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "greater", "less_effect_dir": "smaller", "less_cause_prop": "tube", "more_effect_prop": "movement", "less_effect_prop": "movement", "less_cause_dir": "movement" }
QRQA-10292-5-flip
Something that contains a small amount of hydroxide is a _____ base
{ "text": [ "weaker", "stronger" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
A stronger base produces more hydroxide ions than a weaker base.
QRSent-10292
{ "effect_prop": "base", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "hydroxide" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "stronger", "less_effect_dir": "weaker", "less_cause_prop": "hydroxide", "more_effect_prop": "base", "less_effect_prop": "base", "less_cause_dir": "base" }
QRQA-10267-3
Which tree will lose less water vapour if one has smaller leaves than the other?
{ "text": [ "tree with smaller leaves", "tree with bigger leaves" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Leaves can have the following adaptations to reduce transpiration rate: Small or narrow leaves to reduce the surface area over which water vapour is lost
QRSent-10267
{ "effect_prop": "water vapour is lost", "cause_dir_str": "small or narrow", "effect_dir_str": "lost", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "leaves" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "Bigger", "less_effect_dir": "Smaller", "less_cause_prop": "Water", "more_effect_prop": "Leaves", "less_effect_prop": "Leaves", "less_cause_dir": "Leaves" }
QRQA-10379-3
If Mona brings two rocks closer together in her hands, how will the magnetic attraction between them change?
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The smaller the distance between the objects, the greater the force of magnetic attraction.
QRSent-10379
{ "effect_prop": "force of magnetic attraction", "cause_dir_str": "smaller", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "distance between the objects" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "rocks", "more_effect_prop": "force of magnetic attraction", "less_effect_prop": "force of magnetic attraction", "less_cause_dir": "force of magnetic attraction" }
QRQA-10364-1
The more the rubber in a slingshot is stretched, the greater the distance the rock travels.
{ "text": [ "lesser", "greater" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The farther the material is stretched or compressed, the greater the elastic force becomes.
QRSent-10364
{ "effect_prop": "compression", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "farther", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "force" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "farther", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "distance the rock travels", "more_effect_prop": "stretched or compressed", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10071-4-flip
A light with a very long wavelength is characterized by
{ "text": [ "high energy", "low energy" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The higher the frequency is, the more energy a photon has.
QRSent-10071
{ "effect_prop": "energy", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "frequency" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "high", "less_effect_dir": "low", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "energy", "less_effect_prop": "energy", "less_cause_dir": "energy" }
QRQA-10203-1-flip
If we halve our use of nonrenewable resources, we will end up having more of them.
{ "text": [ "less", "more" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Using less nonrenewable resources means that they will last longer.
QRSent-10203
{ "effect_prop": "nonrenewable resources available", "cause_dir_str": "less", "effect_dir_str": "", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "use of nonrenewable resources" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "our use of nonrenewable resources", "more_effect_prop": "of them", "less_effect_prop": "of them", "less_cause_dir": "of them" }
QRQA-10287-3-flip
Shane observes two waterfalls; one composed of hard stone, the other of soft rock. The waterfall made of hard stone will experience erosion that is, in comparison to the other,
{ "text": [ "greater", "lesser" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The water erodes the softer rock faster than the harder rock.
QRSent-10287
{ "effect_prop": "speedy erosion", "cause_dir_str": "softer", "effect_dir_str": "faster", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "soft rock" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "greater", "less_effect_dir": "lesser", "less_cause_prop": "stone", "more_effect_prop": "erosion", "less_effect_prop": "erosion", "less_cause_dir": "erosion" }
QRQA-10288-1-flip
An alkane with six carbon atoms should have a higher melting point than an alkane with two carbon atoms
{ "text": [ "higher", "lower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Alkanes with more carbon atoms generally have higher boiling and melting points.
QRSent-10288
{ "effect_prop": "boiling and melting points", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "higher", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "carbon atoms in an Alkane" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "higher", "less_effect_dir": "lower", "less_cause_prop": "carbon atoms", "more_effect_prop": "melting point", "less_effect_prop": "melting point", "less_cause_dir": "melting point" }
QRQA-10314-3
Dean observed the wavelengths and noticed they had great amplitudes, leading him to conclude that these waves possessed
{ "text": [ "larger", "smaller" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Waves with greater amplitudes or shorter wavelengths have more energy.
QRSent-10314
{ "effect_prop": "energy", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "amplitude" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "larger", "less_effect_dir": "smaller", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "energy", "less_effect_prop": "energ", "less_cause_dir": "energ" }
QRQA-10167-4-flip
John was working on a piece of wood and discovered that when threads are more spaced out, the amount of force required
{ "text": [ "More", "Less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Therefore, if the threads on a screw are closer together, you need to apply less force to penetrate the wood or other object.
QRSent-10167
{ "effect_prop": "force", "cause_dir_str": "closer", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "distance" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "force", "less_effect_prop": "force", "less_cause_dir": "force" }
QRQA-10103-2-flip
What is the effect on the pool's acidity when Mona increases the pH level of the water before the start of the summer?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Lower pH numbers are more acidic and higher numbers are less acidic (also called more alkaline).
QRSent-10103
{ "effect_prop": "acidic", "cause_dir_str": "lower", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "pH numbers" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "acidity", "less_effect_prop": "acidity", "less_cause_dir": "acidity" }