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125774 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkeley%20Heights%2C%20New%20Jersey | Berkeley Heights, New Jersey | Berkeley Heights is a township in Union County, New Jersey, United States. A bedroom community in northern-central New Jersey, the township is nestled within the Raritan Valley region in the New York metropolitan area. As of the 2010 United States Census, the township's population was 13,183, reflecting a decline of 224 (-1.7%) from the 13,407 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 1,427 (+11.9%) from the 11,980 counted in the 1990 Census.
Berkeley Heights was originally incorporated as New Providence Township by the New Jersey Legislature on November 8, 1809, from portions of Springfield Township, while the area was still part of Essex County. New Providence Township became part of the newly formed Union County at its creation on March 19, 1857. Portions of the township were taken on March 23, 1869, to create Summit, and on March 14, 1899, to form the borough of New Providence. On November 6, 1951, the name of the township was changed to Berkeley Heights, based on the results of a referendum held that day. The township was named for John Berkeley, 1st Baron Berkeley of Stratton, one of the founders of the Province of New Jersey.
The township has been ranked as one of the state's highest-income communities. Based on data from the American Community Survey for 2013–2017, township residents had a median household income of $147,614, ranked 15th in the state among municipalities with more than 10,000 residents, almost double the statewide median of $76,475.
In Money magazine's 2013 Best Places to Live rankings, Berkeley Heights was ranked 6th in the nation, the highest among the three places in New Jersey included in the top 50 list. The magazine's 2007 list had the township ranked 45th out of a potential 2,800 places in the United States with populations above 7,500 and under 50,000.
In its 2010 rankings of the "Best Places to Live", New Jersey Monthly magazine ranked Berkeley Heights as the 19th best place to live in New Jersey.<ref>[http://njmonthly.com/articles/towns_and_schools/best-places-to-live-2010.html "Best Places To Live 2010], New Jersey Monthly, February 11, 2010. Accessed July 3, 2011.</ref> In its 2008 rankings of the "Best Places To Live" New Jersey Monthly magazine ranked Berkeley Heights as the 59th best place to live in New Jersey.
History
The Lenape Native Americans were known to inhabit the region, including the area now known as Berkeley Heights, dating back to the 1524 voyage of Giovanni da Verrazzano to what is now the lower New York Bay.
The earliest construction in Berkeley Heights began in an area that is now part of the Watchung Reservation, a Union County park that includes of the township.
The first European settler was Peter Willcox, who received a land grant in 1720 from the Elizabethtown Associates. This group bought much of northern New Jersey from the Lenape in the late 17th century. Willcox built a grist and lumber mill across Green Brook.
In 1793, a regional government was formed. It encompassed the area from present-day Springfield Township, Summit, New Providence, and Berkeley Heights, and was called Springfield Township. Growth continued in the area, and by 1809, Springfield Township divided into Springfield Township and New Providence Township, which included present day Summit, New Providence, and Berkeley Heights.
In 1845, Willcox's heirs sold the mill to David Felt, a paper manufacturer from New York. Felt built a small village around the mill aptly named Feltville. It included homes for workers and their families, dormitories, orchards, a post office and a general store with a second floor church.
In 1860, Feltville was sold to sarsaparilla makers. Other manufacturing operations continued until Feltville went into bankruptcy in 1882. When residents moved away, the area became known as Deserted Village. Village remains consist of seven houses, a store, the mill and a barn. Deserted Village is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and is undergoing restoration by the Union County Parks Department. Restoration grants of almost $2 million were received from various state agencies. Deserted Village, in the Watchung Reservation, is open daily for unguided walking tours during daylight hours.
On March 23, 1869, Summit Township (now the City of Summit) seceded from New Providence Township. On March 14, 1899, the Borough of New Providence seceded from New Providence Township. Present day Berkeley Heights remained as New Providence Township. Many of the townships and regional areas in New Jersey were separating into small, locally governed communities at that time due to acts of the New Jersey Legislature that made it economically advantageous for the communities to do so.
Due to confusion between the adjacent municipalities of the Borough of New Providence and the Township of New Providence, the township conducted a referendum in 1952 and voted to change the name to Berkeley Heights Township. The origin of the township's name has never been fully established, but is believed to have been taken from an area of town that was referred to by this moniker, which itself was assumed to be derived from Lord John Berkeley, who was co-proprietor of New Jersey from 1664 to 1674.
Early life in Berkeley Heights is documented in the Littell-Lord Farmhouse Museum & Farmstead (31 Horseshoe Road in Berkeley Heights), an museum surrounding two houses, one of which was built in the 1750s and the other near the start of the 19th century.
Among the exhibits are a Victorian master bedroom and a Victorian children's room, furnished with period antiques. The children's room also has reproductions of antique toys, which visitors can play with. The museum, which is on the National Register of Historic Places, also includes an outbuilding that was used as a summer kitchen, a corn crib dating to the 19th century and a spring house built around a spring and used for refrigeration. The museum is open 2-4 p.m. on the third Sunday of each month from April through December, or by appointment.
The township owes its rural character to its late development. Until 1941, when the American Telephone and Telegraph Company built the AT&T Bell Laboratories research facility in the township, it was a sleepy farming and resort community.
Berkeley Heights is host to a traditional religious procession and feast carried out by members of Our Lady of Mt. Carmel Society. The feast is capped by one of the largest fireworks shows in the state. The Feast of Mt. Carmel has been a town tradition since 1909.
In 1958, part of a Nike missile battery (NY-73) was installed in Berkeley Heights. The missiles were located in nearby Mountainside, while the radar station was installed in Berkeley Heights. It remained in operation until 1963, and remnants of the site are located adjacent to Governor Livingston High School.
Free Acres
Another early Berkeley Heights community of note is the Free Acres, established in 1910 by Bolton Hall, a New York entrepreneur and reformer who believed in the idea of Henry George, the economist, of single taxation, under which residents pay tax to the community, which, in turn, pays a lump sum to the municipality. Among the early residents of Free Acres were the actor James Cagney and his wife, Billie.
Residents of Free Acres pay tax to their association, which maintains its streets and swimming pool, approves architectural changes to homes and pays a lump sum in taxes to the municipality.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township had a total area of 6.26 square miles (16.21 km2), including 6.22 square miles (16.11 km2) of land and 0.04 square miles (0.10 km2) of water (0.59%). Certain portions of Berkeley Heights are located in various flood zones.
The township is located partially on the crest of the Second Watchung Mountain and in the Passaic River Valley, aptly named as the Passaic River forms the township's northern border. The township is also located partially in the Raritan Valley region, in which the Green Brook (a tributary of the Raritan River) forms the township's eastern border near the Watchung Reservation. Berkeley Heights is located in northwestern Union County, at the confluence of Union, Morris, and Somerset Counties. Berkeley Heights is bordered by New Providence and Summit to the east, Scotch Plains to the southeast, Chatham to the north, Watchung to the south, and Warren Township and Long Hill Township to the west.Union County Municipal Profiles, Union County, New Jersey. Accessed March 19, 2020.
Unincorporated communities, localities and place names located partially or completely within the township include Benders Corners, Glenside Park, Stony Hill and Union Village.
Downtown
Downtown Berkeley Heights is located along Springfield Avenue, approximately between the intersections with Plainfield Avenue and Snyder Avenue. Downtown is home to more than 20 restaurants which join with the Downtown Beautification Committee to hold an annual Restaurant Week each September. In addition, a post office, the Municipal Building, police station, train station, Walgreens, CVS, Stop & Shop and other shops and services are located in this downtown section.
A brick walk with personalized bricks engraved with the names of many long-time Berkeley Heights residents runs from near the railroad station towards the planned Stratton House development, at the site of the former Kings. A memorial to the victims of the September 11 terrorist attacks adjoins a wooded area alongside Park Avenue, just southwest of downtown.
Certain portions of Berkeley Heights are located in flood zones. Residential homes, as well as some commercial areas along the downtown Springfield Avenue area, are impacted by flooding.
Demographics
2020 Census
The 2020 United States census counted 13,285 people, and 3,718 families in the township. The population density was 2,135.8 per square mile. There were 4,660 households (4,484 of which were occupied).
2010 Census
The Census Bureau's 2006-2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $132,089 (with a margin of error of +/- $11,331) and the median family income was $150,105 (+/- $17,689). Males had a median income of $105,733 (+/- $10,158) versus $55,545 (+/- $11,985) for females. The per capita income for the township was $56,737 (+/- $5,135). About 0.8% of families and 1.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 1.7% of those under age 18 and 0.7% of those age 65 or over.
2000 Census
As of the 2000 United States Census there were 13,407 people, 4,479 households, and 3,717 families residing in the township. The population density was 2,140.7 people per square mile (826.9/km2). There were 4,562 housing units at an average density of 728.4 per square mile (281.4/km2). The racial makeup of the township was 89.65% White, 1.11% African American, 0.08% Native American, 7.87% Asian, 0.61% from other races, and 0.68% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.68% of the population.DP-1: Profile of General Demographic Characteristics: 2000 - Census 2000 Summary File 1 (SF 1) 100-Percent Data for Berkeley Heights township, Union County, New Jersey, United States Census Bureau. Accessed May 5, 2013.
There were 4,479 households, out of which 41.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 74.1% were married couples living together, 6.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 17.0% were non-families. 14.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.89 and the average family size was 3.21.
In the township the population was spread out, with 26.8% under the age of 18, 4.2% from 18 to 24, 27.8% from 25 to 44, 24.8% from 45 to 64, and 16.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.4 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $107,716, and the median income for a family was $118,862. Males had a median income of $83,175 versus $50,022 for females. The per capita income for the township was $43,981. About 1.5% of families and 2.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 1.8% of those under age 18 and 3.1% of those age 65 or over.
Economy
Berkeley Heights is home to the Murray Hill Bell Labs headquarters of Nokia. The transistor, solar cell, laser, and AT&T Unix (precursor to Unix) were invented in this facility when it was part of AT&T.
Berkeley Heights is also home to L'Oréal USA's New Jersey headquarters.
In 2003, Summit Medical Group signed a lease to build its main campus on the site of the former D&B Corporation headquarters located on Diamond Hill Road. Summit Medical Group merged with CityMD in 2019 to form Summit Health, which has 2,500 health care providers in the New York City area and Oregon.
Parks and recreation
Located in Berkeley Heights are many municipal parks, including the largest one, Columbia Park (located along Plainfield Avenue). Columbia Park boasts tennis courts, two baseball fields, basketball courts, and a large children's play area. It is operated by the Recreation Commission. In addition to those located at each of the schools, athletic fields are located along Horseshoe Road (Sansone Field) and along Springfield Avenue (Passaic River Park).
There are three swimming clubs located in Berkeley Heights: the Berkeley Heights Community Pool (Locust Avenue), the Berkeley Swim Club (behind Columbia Park), and Berkeley Aquatic (off of Springfield Avenue).
The Watchung Reservation and Passaic River Parkway are in the township and maintained by Union County. The Watchung Reservation has hiking trails, horseback riding trails, a large lake (Lake Surprise), the deserted community of Feltville and picnic areas.
Government
Local government
In accordance with a ballot question that was passed in November 2005, Berkeley Heights switched from a Township Committee form to a Mayor-Council-Administrator form of government under the Faulkner Act. The township is one of three municipalities (of the 565) statewide that use this form of government. The switch took effect on January 1, 2007. In the fall 2006 elections all seats were open. Under the new form of government, the mayor is directly elected to a four-year term. The Township Committee has been replaced with a Township Council comprised of six members elected to staggered, three-year terms. With all six Township Council seats open in 2006, two councilpersons were elected to one-year terms, after which those seats were open for three-year terms in 2007. Two other seats were open for two-year terms in 2006. The final two were open for three-year terms from the beginning. The responsibilities of the Township Administrator are unchanged.
, the Mayor of Berkeley Heights is Democrat Angie D. Devanney, whose term of office ends on December 31, 2022. Members of the Township Council are Gentiana Brahimaj (R, 2022), Council Vice President Manuel Couto (R, 2022), Paul Donnelly (R, 2024), John Foster (R, 2024), Council President Jeanne Kingsley (R, 2023), and Jeff Varnerin (R, 2023).2019 Municipal Data Sheet, Berkeley Heights Township. Accessed September 10, 2019.General Election November 2, 2021 Official Results, Union County, New Jersey, updated November 15, 2021. Accessed January 22, 2022.General Election November 5, 2019 Official Results, Union County, New Jersey, updated December 5, 2019. Accessed January 1, 2020.
The Council President serves as Acting Mayor in the Mayor's absence; the Council Vice President serves as Acting Mayor in the absence of both the Mayor and the Council President.
The Berkeley Heights Municipal Building is located at 29 Park Avenue. A new Municipal Complex is under construction at the same location.
Federal, State and County Representation
Berkeley Heights is located in the 7th Congressional District and is part of New Jersey's 21st state legislative district.2019 New Jersey Citizen's Guide to Government, New Jersey League of Women Voters. Accessed October 30, 2019.
Politics
As of May 18, 2017, there were a total of 9,558 registered voters in Berkeley Heights Township, of which 2,387 (25.0% vs. 45.2% countywide) were registered as Democrats, 3,368 (35.2% vs. 14.9%) were registered as Republicans and 3,780 (39.5% vs. 39.4%) were registered as Unaffiliated. There were 23 voters registered to other parties. Among the township's 2010 Census population, 68.8% (vs. 53.3% in Union County) were registered to vote, including 94.2% of those ages 18 and over (vs. 70.6% countywide).GCT-P7: Selected Age Groups: 2010 - State -- County Subdivision; 2010 Census Summary File 1 for New Jersey , United States Census Bureau. Accessed May 4, 2013.
In the 2016 presidential election, Democrat Hillary Clinton received 3,482 votes (48.23% vs. 65.94% countywide), ahead of Republican Donald Trump with 3,359 votes (46.53% vs. 30.47% countywide), and other candidates with 378 votes (5.1% vs 3.6% countywide) among the 7,325 ballots cast by the township's 9,775 voters, for a turnout of 74.9%
In the 2012 presidential election, Republican Mitt Romney received 3,897 votes (57.3% vs. 32.3% countywide), ahead of Democrat Barack Obama with 2,799 votes (41.1% vs. 66.0%) and other candidates with 76 votes (1.1% vs. 0.8%), among the 6,802 ballots cast by the township's 9,400 registered voters, for a turnout of 72.4% (vs. 68.8% in Union County).Number of Registered Voters and Ballots Cast November 6, 2012 General Election Results – Union County, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, March 15, 2013. Accessed May 5, 2013. In the 2008 presidential election, Republican John McCain received 4,011 votes (55.3% vs. 35.2% countywide), ahead of Democrat Barack Obama with 3,094 votes (42.7% vs. 63.1%) and other candidates with 93 votes (1.3% vs. 0.9%), among the 7,248 ballots cast by the township's 9,375 registered voters, for a turnout of 77.3% (vs. 74.7% in Union County). In the 2004 presidential election, Republican George W. Bush received 4,146 votes (57.1% vs. 40.3% countywide), ahead of Democrat John Kerry with 3,019 votes (41.6% vs. 58.3%) and other candidates with 60 votes (0.8% vs. 0.7%), among the 7,258 ballots cast by the township's 9,121 registered voters, for a turnout of 79.6% (vs. 72.3% in the whole county).
In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 72.2% of the vote (3,145 cast), ahead of Democrat Barbara Buono with 26.4% (1,150 votes), and other candidates with 1.4% (63 votes), among the 4,457 ballots cast by the township's 9,193 registered voters (99 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 48.5%. In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 3,136 votes (60.0% vs. 41.7% countywide), ahead of Democrat Jon Corzine with 1,589 votes (30.4% vs. 50.6%), Independent Chris Daggett with 409 votes (7.8% vs. 5.9%) and other candidates with 32 votes (0.6% vs. 0.8%), among the 5,223 ballots cast by the township's 9,201 registered voters, yielding a 56.8% turnout (vs. 46.5% in the county).
Education
Public schools
The Berkeley Heights Public Schools serves students in pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade. As of the 2018–19 school year, the district, comprised of six schools, had an enrollment of 2,582 students and 224.3 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 11.5:1. Schools in the district (with 2018–19 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics) are
Mary Kay McMillin Early Childhood Center with 304 students in PreK-1st grade,
Thomas P. Hughes Elementary School with 273 students in grades 2-5,
Mountain Park Elementary School with 230 students in grades 2-5,
William Woodruff Elementary School with 201 students in grades 2-5,
Columbia Middle School with 601 students in grades 6-8,
Governor Livingston High School with 965 students in grades 9-12.New Jersey School Directory for the Berkeley Heights Public Schools, New Jersey Department of Education. Accessed December 29, 2016.
The district's high school serves public school students of Berkeley Heights, along with approximately 300 students from neighboring Borough of Mountainside who are educated at the high school as part of a sending/receiving relationship with the Mountainside School District that is covered by an agreement that runs through the end of 2021–22 school year.Mustac, Frank. "Contract Signed to Continue Sending Mountainside Students to Governor Livingston High School", TAP into Mountainside, October 12, 2016. Accessed February 5, 2020. "With the Berkeley Heights Board of Education's recent approval of a renegotiated send/receive agreement, new terms are now in place by which the Mountainside School District will be sending its students in grades nine through 12 to Governor Livingston High School.... The new contract runs for five years from July 1, 2017 through June 30, 2022, with a renewal option for an additional five years... The business administrator explained that 30 percent of the Mountainside School District annual budget goes to paying the Berkeley Heights district for sending about 300 students who live in Mountainside to Governor Livingston High School." Governor Livingston provides programs for deaf, hard of hearing and cognitively-impaired students in the district and those who are enrolled from all over north-central New Jersey who attend on a tuition basis.
Governor Livingston was the 30th-ranked public high school in New Jersey out of 305 schools statewide in New Jersey Monthly magazine's September 2018 cover story on the state's "Top Public High Schools".
Private schools
There are four private pre-kindergarten schools in Berkeley Heights. The Westminster Nursery School is located at the corner of Plainfield Avenue and Mountain Avenue, the Union Village Nursery is located bordering Warren Township at the corner of Mountain Avenue and Hillcrest Road, the Diamond Hill Montessori is located along Diamond Hill Road opposite McMane Avenue and Primrose on Springfield Avenue.
FlexSchool, a private school for twice-exceptional and gifted fifth through twelfth graders, is the only private secondary school in Berkeley Heights.
Infrastructure
Transportation
Roads and highways
, the township had a total of of roadways, of which were maintained by the municipality, by Union County and by the New Jersey Department of Transportation.
The most significant highway serving Berkeley Heights is Interstate 78, which runs from New York City to Pennsylvania. Other major roads in Berkeley Heights include Springfield Avenue, Mountain Avenue, Snyder Avenue, Plainfield Avenue, and Park Avenue. Springfield Avenue and Mountain Avenue run east–west, Snyder Avenue and Plainfield Avenue run north–south, while Park Avenue runs northeast–southwest. Each of these roads is heavily residential (except parts of Springfield Avenue) with only one travel lane in each direction.
Public transportation
NJ Transit provide service at the Berkeley Heights station serving Hoboken Terminal, Newark Broad Street Station, and Penn Station in Midtown Manhattan as part of the Gladstone Branch. Berkeley Heights is also in close proximity of the Summit train station, which provides frequent commuter rail service to New York City.
NJ Transit offers local bus service on the 986 route. Lakeland Bus Lines also provides commuter bus service to the Port Authority Bus Terminal in Midtown Manhattan and a connection to Gladstone.
Freight rail transportation had been provided by Norfolk Southern via off-peak use of New Jersey Transit's Gladstone Branch line until a final run on November 7, 2008, after 126 years of service. The Berkeley Heights plant of Reheis Chemical located on Snyder Avenue was the last freight customer on the Gladstone Branch, receiving shipments of hydrochloric acid.
Newark Liberty International Airport is approximately east of Berkeley Heights.
Healthcare
The Summit Medical Group, located on Mountain Avenue, is the main medical facility in Berkeley Heights.
Public library
Originally opened in 1949, Berkeley Heights Public Library closed its doors to the public at its 290 Plainfield Avenue location. It was moved to a temporary home at 110 Roosevelt Avenue, otherwise known as the Little Flower Church Rectory. The library is a member of the Infolink region of libraries, the Morris Union Federation (MUF) and the Middlesex Union Reciprocal Agreement Libraries (MURAL).
Police, fire, and emergency services
The Berkeley Heights Police Department is located at the Municipal Building, 29 Park Avenue. This is also the location of the Berkeley Heights Municipal Court.
The Berkeley Heights Volunteer Rescue Squad, founded in 1942, is located at the corner of Snyder Avenue and Locust Avenue. The closest trauma centers are Morristown Medical Center (in Morristown) and University Hospital in Newark. The closest hospital emergency room is Overlook Hospital in Summit. The all-volunteer Rescue Squad provides emergency medical services to the township seven days per week. As of April 2019, the squad had 60 riding members including college and high school students of which 32 are certified EMTs.
The Berkeley Heights Fire Department is a volunteer fire department commanded by Chief Anthony Padovano. In addition to fire suppression, the department has members trained to respond to technical rescue and hazardous materials releases.
Notable people
People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Berkeley Heights include:
Al Aronowitz (1928–2005), rock journalist who claimed that Bob Dylan wrote his famous "Mr. Tambourine Man" in Aronowitz's former Berkeley Heights home.
Steve Balboni (born 1957), former New York Yankee.
BEDlight for BlueEYES, an alternative rock band.
Dennis Boutsikaris (born 1952), actor.Mann, Virginia. "The Good Doctor Next Door", The Record, May 14, 1991. Accessed August 26, 2013. "There are several reasons why "Barney Miller" creator Danny Arnold wanted Dennis Boutsikaris for the lead in his new hospital sitcom Stat (9:30 tonight, Channel 7).... The actor, who was raised in Berkeley Heights and graduated from Hampshire College in Amherst, Mass., began his acting career with John Houseman's Acting Company."
James Cagney (1899–1986), actor who resided in Free Acres.
David Cantor (born 1954), actor.
John Carlini, jazz guitarist.
Ronald Chen (born 1958), former Public Advocate of New Jersey, nominated to fill the position on January 5, 2006, by Governor of New Jersey Jon Corzine.
Christopher Durang (born 1949), playwright and actor.
Cathy Engelbert (born 1965), CEO of Deloitte, first female CEO of a major U.S. accounting firm.
Lauren Beth Gash (born 1960), lawyer and politician who served in the Illinois House of Representatives from 1993 to 2001.
Gina Genovese (born 1959), businesswoman and politician who has served as mayor of Long Hill Township.
Scott M. Gimple (born 1971), television and comic book writer.
Bolton Hall (1854–1938), founder of Free Acres.
MacKinlay Kantor (1904–1977), screenwriter and novelist, formerly resided in Free Acres.
Harry Kelly (1871–1953), anarchist.
Victor Kilian (1891–1979), actor.
P. F. Kluge (born 1942), novelist.
Mary Jo Kopechne (1940–1969), political aide who drowned off Chappaquiddick Island when Senator Ted Kennedy (D-Mass.) drove his car off a bridge on July 18, 1969.
John R. Pierce (1910–2002), communications engineer, scientist, and father of the communications satellite.Kamin, Arthur Z. "State Becomes a Part of Celebrating Marconi's Achievements", The New York Times, October 23, 1994. Accessed July 24, 2013. "The recipient in 1979 was Dr. John R. Pierce, then of the California Institute of Technology who had been with AT&T Bell Laboratories at Murray Hill and at Holmdel. Dr. Pierce had lived in Berkeley Heights and now lives in Palo Alto, Calif."
Jerry Ragonese (born 1986), professional lacrosse player for the Redwoods Lacrosse Club of the Premier Lacrosse League.
Juliette Reilly (born 1993), singer and YouTube personality.
Dennis Ritchie (1941–2011), creator of the C programming language and co-inventor of the UNIX operating system.
Bertha Runkle (1879–1958), novelist and playwright.
Peter Sagal (born 1965), playwright, screenwriter, actor, and host of the National Public Radio game show Wait Wait... Don't Tell Me!.
Jill Santoriello, playwright and author of the new Broadway musical A Tale of Two Cities'', graduated from Governor Livingston High School.
Thorne Smith (1892–1934), author.
Zenon Snylyk (1923–2002), soccer player.
Betty Wilson (born 1932), politician who served in the New Jersey General Assembly from 1974 to 1976.
References
External links
1809 establishments in New Jersey
Faulkner Act (mayor–council–administrator)
Populated places established in 1809
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125776 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clark%2C%20New%20Jersey | Clark, New Jersey | Clark is a township in southern Union County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2020 United States Census, the township's population was 15,544 reflecting an increase of 788 (+5.07%) from the 14,756 counted in the 2010 United States Census, which had in turn increased by 159 (+1.1%) from the 14,597 counted in the 2000 Census.
History
The territory that would become Clark was originally a part of several early villages. The Robinson Plantation House and The Squire Hartshorne House, buildings from the late 17th century, are remnants of the era. The Homestead Farm at Oak Ridge was the site of a skirmish preceding the Battle of Short Hills. In 1858, after the City of Rahway was incorporated, the area of present-day Clark was designated as the 5th Ward of Rahway. Clark was incorporated as a township by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on March 23, 1864, from portions of Rahway. The township was named for Abraham Clark, a signer of the Declaration of Independence. Portions of the township were taken to form Cranford Township (March 14, 1871) and Winfield Township (August 6, 1941).
New Jersey Monthly magazine ranked Clark as its 33rd best place to live in its 2008 rankings of the "Best Places To Live" in New Jersey. In 2013, New Jersey Monthly magazine ranked Clark 174th in its rankings of "Best Places To Live" in New Jersey.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township had a total area of 4.45 square miles (11.53 km2), including 4.27 square miles (11.07 km2) of land and 0.18 square miles (0.47 km2) of water (4.04%).
Unincorporated communities, localities and place names located partially or completely within the township include Ashbrook, Florence Mills, Lenox, Madison Hill and Picton.
The Rahway River Parkway along the Rahway River runs through the township.
The town borders Scotch Plains and Westfield on the west, Cranford and Winfield Park on the north, Linden and Rahway on the east, and Edison and Woodbridge Township in Middlesex County on the south.
Demographics
Census 2010
The Census Bureau's 2006-2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $80,959 (with a margin of error of +/- $7,674) and the median family income was $99,839 (+/- $7,789). Males had a median income of $65,399 (+/- $3,444) versus $49,649 (+/- $3,780) for females. The per capita income for the township was $37,288 (+/- $2,811). About 2.3% of families and 3.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.3% of those under age 18 and 6.4% of those age 65 or over.
According to the 2009-2013 American Community Survey, the largest ancestry groups were:
26.9% Italian
19.8% Irish
13.1% Polish
11.9% German
8.5% American
6.2% Portuguese
3.4% Russian
2.9% English
2.2% Slovak
2.1% Spanish
1.9% Puerto Rican
1.4% Lithuanian
1.4% Ukrainian
1.3% Chinese
1.3% Cuban
1.2% Greek
1.0% Hungarian
1.0% Colombian
1.0% Arab
Census 2000
As of the 2000 United States Census there were 14,597 people, 5,637 households, and 4,126 families residing in the township. The population density was 3,359.6 people per square mile (1,298.6/km2). There were 5,709 housing units at an average density of 1,314.0 per square mile (507.9/km2). The racial makeup of the township was 95.61% White, 0.30% African American, 0.01% Native American, 2.75% Asian, 0.63% from other races, and 0.69% from two or more races. Also Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.67% of the population.
There were 5,637 households, out of which 28.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.4% were married couples living together, 9.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.8% were non-families. 24.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.56 and the average family size was 3.07.
In the township the population was spread out, with 20.8% under the age of 18, 5.4% from 18 to 24, 27.6% from 25 to 44, 24.5% from 45 to 64, and 21.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.4 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $65,019, and the median income for a family was $77,291. Males had a median income of $54,543 versus $36,361 for females. The per capita income for the township was $29,883. About 1.0% of families and 1.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.0% of those under age 18 and 2.7% of those age 65 or over.
Government
Local government
Clark Township is governed within the Faulkner Act, formally known as the Optional Municipal Charter Law, under the Mayor-Council system of municipal government. The township is one of 71 municipalities (of the 565) statewide that use this form of government. The Clark Township Committee is comprised of seven members, who are all chosen on a partisan basis in even-numbered years as part of the November general election. Three members are elected at-large from the township as a whole and four are elected from wards. The three Council-at-large seats and Mayor come up to vote together, and then the four ward seats are up for vote two years later.
, the Mayor of Clark is Republican Salvatore F. "Sal" Bonaccorso, whose term of office ends December 31, 2024. Members of the Township Council are Council President Steven M. Hund (Third Ward; R, 2022), Council Vice President Jimmy Minniti (at-large; R, 2024), Angel Albanese (at-large; R, 2024), Frank G. Mazzarella (First Ward; R, 2022), Patrick O'Connor (Second Ward; R, 2022), Bill Smith (at-large; R, 2024) and Brian P. Toal (Fourth Ward; R, 2022).
Federal, state and county representation
Clark is located in New Jersey's 7th Congressional District, and is part of New Jersey's 22nd state legislative district.
Politics
In the 2016 and 2020 Presidential elections, Clark voters strongly supported Donald Trump; in the 2016 Presidential election, 5,182 for Trump versus 2,967 for Hillary Clinton; in 2020, 5,872 votes for Trump versus 3,659 for Biden.
As of March 23, 2011, there were a total of 10,190 registered voters in Clark Township, of which 2,841 (27.9% vs. 41.8% countywide) were registered as Democrats, 2,311 (22.7% vs. 15.3%) were registered as Republicans and 5,036 (49.4% vs. 42.9%) were registered as Unaffiliated. There were 2 voters registered to other parties. Among the township's 2010 Census population, 69.1% (vs. 53.3% in Union County) were registered to vote, including 87.6% of those ages 18 and over (vs. 70.6% countywide).
In the 2012 presidential election, Republican Mitt Romney received 4,538 votes (58.6% vs. 32.3% countywide), ahead of Democrat Barack Obama with 3,041 votes (39.3% vs. 66.0%) and other candidates with 97 votes (1.3% vs. 0.8%), among the 7,741 ballots cast by the township's 10,614 registered voters, for a turnout of 72.9% (vs. 68.8% in Union County). In the 2008 presidential election, Republican John McCain received 5,093 votes (61.5% vs. 35.2% countywide), ahead of Democrat Barack Obama with 3,038 votes (36.7% vs. 63.1%) and other candidates with 85 votes (1.0% vs. 0.9%), among the 8,276 ballots cast by the township's 10,550 registered voters, for a turnout of 78.4% (vs. 74.7% in Union County). In the 2004 presidential election, Republican George W. Bush received 4,819 votes (58.7% vs. 40.3% countywide), ahead of Democrat John Kerry with 3,237 votes (39.4% vs. 58.3%) and other candidates with 80 votes (1.0% vs. 0.7%), among the 8,209 ballots cast by the township's 10,493 registered voters, for a turnout of 78.2% (vs. 72.3% in the whole county).
In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 67.4% of the vote (3,016 cast), ahead of Democrat Barbara Buono with 31.3% (1,402 votes), and other candidates with 1.3% (60 votes), among the 4,549 ballots cast by the township's 10,438 registered voters (71 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 43.6%. In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 3,375 votes (63.4% vs. 41.7% countywide), ahead of Democrat Jon Corzine with 1,500 votes (28.2% vs. 50.6%), Independent Chris Daggett with 365 votes (6.9% vs. 5.9%) and other candidates with 40 votes (0.8% vs. 0.8%), among the 5,327 ballots cast by the township's 10,302 registered voters, yielding a 51.7% turnout (vs. 46.5% in the county).
Education
The Clark Public School District serves students in pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade. As of the 2019–20 school year, the district, comprised of five schools, had an enrollment of 2,299 students and 184.7 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 12.4:1. Schools in the district (with 2019–20 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics) are
Clark Preschool with 20 students in PreK,
Frank K. Hehnly Elementary School with 551 students in grades K-5,
Valley Road Elementary School with 435 students in grades K-5,
Carl H. Kumpf Middle School with 518 students in grades 6-8 and
Arthur L. Johnson High School with 708 students in grades 9-12. Students from Garwood attend the district's high school as part of a sending/receiving relationship with the Garwood Public Schools.
Students who excel in middle school have the opportunity to attend the Union County Magnet High School and the other programs of the Union County Vocational Technical Schools, which accept students from across the county on the basis of admissions examinations and applications.
Mother Seton Regional High School is an all-girls, private, Roman Catholic high school, operated under the auspices of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Newark. St. John the Apostle School School is a co-ed K-12 school, also operated under the auspices of the same archdiocese. It was dedicated as a National Blue Ribbon school in 2011.
The Clark Scholarship Fund is a not-for-profit organization that has provided need-based scholarships to college-bound Clark residents since 1955, funded entirely by contributions from individuals and businesses.
Transportation
Roads and highways
, the township had a total of of roadways, of which were maintained by the municipality, by Union County, and by the New Jersey Turnpike Authority.
The Clark Circle connects Central Avenue, Brant Avenue, Valley Road, and the Garden State Parkway via Exit 135. The New Jersey Turnpike Authority redesigned the circle as part of a project that ran from 2007 to 2009 under which the movements at the circle are now controlled by traffic lights. Interchange 135 on the Parkway is signed for Clark / Westfield.
Public transportation
The Lehigh Valley Railroad served the town with a passenger station in the Picton section. The rail line remains active under Conrail's auspices. The closest NJ Transit rail station is in Rahway, located approximately from the center of Clark.
NJ Transit also provides bus service to New York City and points in-between. The 112 route provides service to the Port Authority Bus Terminal in Midtown Manhattan, as well as stops throughout downtown Elizabeth.
Newark Liberty International Airport is approximately from Clark.
Notable people
People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Clark include:
Todd Burger (born 1970), former offensive guard who played for the New York Jets.
Halsey (born 1994), singer.
Kenneth Ham (born 1964), NASA astronaut
Jeffrey Lichtman (born 1965), defense attorney who represented Joaquin “El Chapo” Guzman and John Gotti Jr.
William J. Maguire (1916–1997), politician who served as Mayor of Clark and in the New Jersey General Assembly from 1976 to 1982
Ed Pinkham (born 1953), college football coach who is an assistant coach for the Arkansas State Red Wolves.
Matt Poskay (born 1984), professional lacrosse player for the Boston Cannons.
Erik Rosenmeier (born 1965), former NFL center who played for the Buffalo Bills in 1987.
Robert Sparks (born 1947), former handball player who competed in the 1972 Summer Olympics and in the 1976 Summer Olympics.
Frank Spaziani (born 1947), former head football coach for Boston College Eagles football.
Kurt Sutter (born 1964), creator of the television show Sons of Anarchy who plays the character Otto Delaney in the show.
Dave Toma (born 1933), whose life in law enforcement was the basis of the television shows Toma and Baretta.
References
External links
Clark Township website
Clark Public School District
School Data for the Clark Public School District, National Center for Education Statistics
Clark Public Library
Clark Fire Department
Clark P.B.A. Local # 125
1864 establishments in New Jersey
Faulkner Act (mayor–council)
Populated places established in 1864
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125778 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth%2C%20New%20Jersey | Elizabeth, New Jersey | Elizabeth is a city and the county seat of Union County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2020 United States Census, the city had a total population of 137,298, making it New Jersey's fourth most populous city, after neighboring Newark, Jersey City, and Paterson, and the 203rd-most-populous in the United States.
In 2008, Elizabeth was named one of "America's 50 Greenest Cities" by Popular Science magazine, the only city in New Jersey selected.
History
Elizabeth, originally called "Elizabethtown" and part of the Elizabethtown Tract, was founded in 1664 by English settlers. The town was not named for Queen Elizabeth I as many people may assume, but rather for Elizabeth, wife of Sir George Carteret, one of the two original Proprietors of the colony of New Jersey. She was the daughter of Philippe de Carteret II, 3rd Seigneur de Sark and Anne Dowse. The town served as the first capital of New Jersey. During the American Revolutionary War, Elizabethtown was continually attacked by British forces based on Manhattan and Staten Island, culminating in the Battle of Springfield which decisively defeated British attempts to gain New Jersey. After independence, it was from Elizabethtown that George Washington embarked by boat to Manhattan for his 1789 inauguration. There are numerous memorials and monuments of the American Revolution in Elizabeth.
On March 13, 1855, the City of Elizabeth was created by an act of the New Jersey Legislature, combining and replacing both Elizabeth Borough (which dated back to 1740) and Elizabeth Township (which had been formed in 1693), subject to the results of a referendum held on March 27, 1855. On March 19, 1857, the city became part of the newly created Union County. Portions of the city were taken to form Linden Township on March 4, 1861.
The first major industry, the Singer Sewing Machine Company came to Elizabeth and employed as many as 2,000 people. In 1895, it saw one of the first car companies, when Electric Carriage and Wagon Company was founded to manufacture the Electrobat, joined soon by another electric car builder, Andrew L. Riker. The Electric Boat Company got its start building submarines for the United States Navy in Elizabeth, New Jersey, beginning with the launch of USS Holland (SS-1) in 1897. These pioneering naval craft [known as A-Class] were developed at Lewis Nixon's Crescent Shipyard in Elizabeth between the years 1896–1903. Elizabeth grew in parallel to its sister city of Newark for many years, but has been more successful in retaining a middle-class presence and was mostly spared riots in the 1960s.
On September 18, 2016, a backpack holding five bombs was discovered outside NJ Transit's Elizabeth train station. One bomb detonated accidentally when a bomb squad robot failed to disarm the contents of the backpack; no one was hurt. Police were initially unsure if this event was related to bombs in Seaside Park, New Jersey and Manhattan that had exploded the previous day. On September 19, police arrested Ahmad Khan Rahami, a 28-year-old Afghan-born naturalized U.S. citizen, for questioning in connection with all three incidents; the FBI considered Rahami, whose last known address was within of the train station, to be armed and dangerous.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city had a total area of 13.66 square miles (35.37 km2), including 12.32 square miles (31.91 km2) of land and 1.34 square miles (3.46 km2) of water (9.78%).
Elizabeth is bordered to the southwest by Linden, to the west by Roselle and Roselle Park, to the northwest by Union and Hillside, to the north by Newark (in Essex County). To the east the city is across Newark Bay from Bayonne in Hudson County and the Arthur Kill from Staten Island, New York.
The borders of Elizabeth, Bayonne, and Staten Island meet at one point on Shooters Island, of which of the island is owned by Elizabeth, though the island is managed by the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation.
The Elizabeth River is a waterway that courses through the city for and is largely channelized, before draining into the Arthur Kill.
Districts and neighborhoods
Midtown / Uptown
Midtown, also occasionally known as Uptown, is the main commercial district and a historic section as well. It includes the First Presbyterian Church and St. John's Episcopal Church, and its St. John's Episcopal Churchyard. The First Presbyterian Church was a battleground for the American Revolution. Located here are also the 1931 Art Deco Hersh Tower, the Thomas Jefferson Arts Academy, and the Ritz Theatre which has been operating since 1926. Midtown/Uptown includes the area once known as "Brittanville" which contained many English type gardens.
Bayway
Bayway is located in the southern part of the city and borders the City of Linden. From US 1&9 and Allen Street, between the Elizabeth River and the Arthur Kill, it has maintained a strong Polish community for years. Developed at the turn of the 20th century, many of the area residents once worked at the refinery which straddles both Elizabeth and Linden. There are unique ethnic restaurants, bars, and stores along Bayway, and a variety of houses of worship. Housing styles are older and well maintained. There are many affordable two to four-family housing units, and multiple apartment complexes. The western terminus of the Goethals Bridge, which spans the Arthur Kill to Staten Island can be found here. A small section of the neighborhood was isolated with both the completion of the Goethals Bridge in 1928 and the construction of the New Jersey Turnpike in the 1950s.
Downtown / Elizabethport
Downtown / E-Port (a.k.a. The Port and Elizabethport) is the oldest neighborhood and perhaps the most diverse place in Elizabeth. It consists of a collection of old world Elizabethan, new American colonial-style houses and apartment buildings that stretch east of 7th Street to its shores. The name is derived from its dependence on businesses catering to seagoing ventures. It was a thriving center of commerce between the 1660s through the middle of the 20th century. This area has had a great deal of improvement since 2000. Many homes have been renovated or been replaced with new, more ornate structures. Federal housing projects that stood for decades along First Street have been demolished and replaced with low to moderate income housing. The waterfront is home to new town homes and two-family homes (duplexes).
The area was once three distinct neighborhoods: Buckeye, Diamondville and New Mexico. It was the US home of the Singer Manufacturing Company, makers of Singer sewing machines, which constructed a facility on a site in 1873. Shortly after it opened, the factory manufactured the majority of all sewing machines worldwide. With 6,000 employees working there in the 1870s, it employed the largest number of workers at a single facility in 1873. The company moved out of Elizabeth in 1982.
The Elizabeth Marina, which was once filled with trash and debris along its walkway, was also restored. It is the site of year-round celebrations from a Hispanic festival in late spring to the lighting of a Christmas tree in winter. Living conditions in this area continue to improve year after year. Historically, there were immigrant communities centered around Christian churches. The Slavic community was centered by Sts. Peter and Paul Byzantine, the Lithuanian community attended Sts. Peter and Paul Roman Catholic and the Polish community attended St. Adalbert Roman Catholic Church which still stands. St. Patrick Church, originally Irish, dominates the 'Port; the cornerstone for the second and current building was laid in 1887.
Elmora and The West End
Elmora is a middle/working-class neighborhood in the western part of Elizabeth. The main thoroughfare, Elmora Avenue, boasts some of the best restaurants, shops and boutiques. A few of the city's most luxurious high-rise building complexes, affording views of the New York skyline, dot the edge of this neighborhood and are convenient to the Midtown NJ Transit Train Station. The neighborhood area forms a "V" from its approximate borders of the Central RR tracks to Rahway Avenue.
Modern Orthodox community in Elmora
The Elmora section of Elizabeth is home to a large Modern Orthodox community. The Jewish Educational Center of Elizabeth was founded in 1941 by a Latvian-born rabbi, Pinchas Mordechai Teitz, who arrived to lecture in to the city's then-small Orthodox community in the 1930s.
Elmora Hills
The northwestern part of Elmora is known as Elmora Hills. It is a strongly middle- to upper-middle-class neighborhood.
Originally called Shearerville, the name Elmora came from the developers of the area, the El Mora Land Company. This area was annexed from Union, returning to Elizabeth in the early part of the 20th century. This was done to increase the city's tax base as major improvements to infrastructure were necessary at the time.
Frog Hollow
Frog Hollow is a small community of homes east of Atlantic Street, west of the Arthur Kill, and south of Elizabeth Avenue. Its name is derived from the excellent frog catching in its marshes as well as the excellent oyster and fishing of the past. The area expanded east and includes the area formerly known as Helltown. Helltown included many of the docks and shipyards, as well as several drydocks. The area's developer was Edward N. Kellogg, who also laid out the neighborhood in Keighry Head. Frog Hollow contains older-style, affordable homes, rentals, and some quality restaurants in a working-class community. The statue honoring former Mayor Mack on Elizabeth Avenue is a landmark in the community. Frog Hollow is also convenient to the Veteran's Memorial Waterfront Park.
Keighry Head
Its name is attributed to James Keighry of the Isle of Kerry, Ireland. He was a notable resident who owned a business facing the square formed at the junction of Jackson, Madison, Chestnut and Magnolia Avenues. The approximate borders of this neighborhood extended north from East Grand Street to Flora Street and from Walnut to Division Street. Developed by Edward N. Kellogg, many of the streets were named after family and friends. Keighry Head is located close to Midtown, containing affordable one and two-family homes, and apartment houses, convenient to the Midtown shopping district, and transportation.
North End / North Elizabeth
The North End, also known as "North Elizabeth", is a diverse working-class neighborhood. The borders are approximately the Arch north to the city line between North Broad Street and US 1&9. It was developed mostly in the 1920s for workers in the Duesenberg automobile plant (later Durant Auto, Burry Biscuits and Interbake Foods). The area was heavily settled by the Irish and then Portuguese. The North End has easy access to New York and Newark via its own NJ Transit train station, Routes 1&9 and the NJ Turnpike. The neighborhood also has Crane Square, the Historic Nugents Tavern, and Kellogg Park and its proximity to Newark Liberty International Airport. There is currently a plan in place to develop the former Interbake Foods facility into shopping and residential townhouses and condominiums. This community contains many larger one and two-family homes that have been rebuilt over the past decade. North Elizabeth also features many well-kept apartment houses and condominium units on and around North Avenue that are home to professionals who work in New York or the area. The only Benedictine women's community in New Jersey is located at Saint Walburga Monastery on North Broad Street.
Peterstown
Peterstown (also known as "The Burg") is a middle/working-class neighborhood in the southeastern part of the city. Its borders run west of Atlantic Street to South Spring Street from 1st Avenue to the Elizabeth River. Its name is derived from John Peters, who owned most of the land with George Peters. They divided the land and developed it during the end of the 19th century. The area was once predominantly occupied by its earliest settlers, who were German, and during the 1920s was gentrified by newly immigrated Italians. Peterstown has clean, quiet streets and has many affordable housing opportunities with a "village" feel. The area contains the historic Union Square, which is home to produce stands, meat markets, fresh fish and poultry stores. Peterstown is also home of the DeCavalcante crime family, one of the most infamous Mafia families in the United States.
The Point / the Crossroads
The Point, formally known as the Crossroads, is centrally located and defined by New Point Road and Division Street. It is close to Midtown and contains many new affordable two-family homes, apartment houses and is undergoing a transformation. The former Elizabeth General Hospital site is currently being demolished and awaiting a new development.
Quality Hill
Home to St. Mary's and the "Hilltoppers", this area once was lined with mansions. Its approximate borders were South Broad Street to Grier Avenue and Pearl Street to what is now US 1&9. During its development in the 1860s it was the most fashionable area of the city to live. It is now a quiet middle class community experiencing a re-development with many new condominiums.
Westminster
Developed by Edward J. Grassman, Westminster got its name from the city's largest residential estates of the Tudor style and was inhabited by many residents who traced their ancestry to England. This neighborhood borders Hillside with the Elizabeth River running its border creating a dramatic splash of greenery and rolling hills off of North Avenue, near Liberty Hall. Residents use this area for recreation, whether it is at the newly christened Phil Rizzuto Park area, or for bird watching or for sunbathing by the river. It is one of the more affluent areas of Elizabeth.
Climate
The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and cool to cold winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Elizabeth straddles the boundary between a humid subtropical climate and a hot-summer humid continental climate.
Demographics
In 2019, the foreign-born population in the city was 46.6% of the total population, and the Latino population was 65%.
2010 Census
The Census Bureau's 2006–2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $43,770 (with a margin of error of +/- $1,488) and the median family income was $46,891 (+/- $1,873). Males had a median income of $32,268 (+/- $1,205) versus $27,228 (+/- $1,427) for females. The per capita income for the borough was $19,196 (+/- $604). About 14.7% of families and 16.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 23.5% of those under age 18 and 18.5% of those age 65 or over.
2000 Census
As of the 2000 United States Census there were 120,568 people, 40,482 households, and 28,175 families residing in the city. The population density was 9,865.5 inhabitants per square mile (3,809.5/km2). There were 42,838 housing units at an average density of 3,505.2 per square mile (1,353.5/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 55.78% White, 19.98% Black or African American, 0.48% Native American, 2.35% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 15.51% from other races, and 5.86% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 49.46% of the population.
Colombia is the nation of birth for the highest number of foreign-born inhabitants of Elizabeth: it was the birthplace of 8,731 Elizabeth residents as of the 2000 Census. This exceeded the combined total of 8,214 for Mexico and Central America immigrants. It also far exceeded the next highest single nation count of Cuba at 5,812. The highest number for a non-Spanish speaking country and third highest overall was Portugal, whose native-born immigrants numbered 4,544. The next largest groups were Salvadoran immigrants numbering 4,043, Peruvians at 3,591 and Dominican immigrants, of whom there were 3,492.
There were 40,482 households, out of which 36.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.9% were married couples living together, 19.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.4% were non-families. 24.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.91 and the average family size was 3.45.
In the city the population was spread out, with 26.3% under the age of 18, 10.8% from 18 to 24, 33.7% from 25 to 44, 19.3% from 45 to 64, and 10.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.1 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $35,175, and the median income for a family was $38,370. Males had a median income of $30,757 versus $23,931 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,114. About 15.6% of families and 17.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22.2% of those under age 18 and 17.2% of those age 65 or over.
Economy
Since World War II, Elizabeth has seen its transportation facilities grow; the Port Newark-Elizabeth Marine Terminal is one of the busiest ports in the world, as is Newark Liberty International Airport, located in both Newark and Elizabeth. Elizabeth also features Little Jimmy's Italian Ices (since 1932), The Mills At Jersey Gardens outlet mall, Loews Theater, and the Elizabeth Center, which generate millions of dollars in revenue. Companies based in Elizabeth included New England Motor Freight.
Together with Linden, Elizabeth is home to the Bayway Refinery, a Phillips 66 refining facility that supplies petroleum-based products to the New York/New Jersey area, producing approximately per day.
Celadon, a mixed-use development containing 14 glass skyscrapers, offices, retail, a hotel, boardwalk and many other amenities is proposed to border the east side of The Mills at Jersey Gardens, directly on the Port Newark Bay. Groundbreaking was scheduled for the summer of 2008 on the ferry, roads and parking, and construction was planned to continue for at least twelve years. As of 2021 this project has not started construction and there is no recent news about Celadon, so it is assumed that this project has been canceled
Portions of the city are part of an Urban Enterprise Zone (UEZ), one of 32 zones covering 37 municipalities statewide. Elizabeth was selected in 1983 as one of the initial group of 10 zones chosen to participate in the program. In addition to other benefits to encourage employment and investment within the Zone, shoppers can take advantage of a reduced 3.3125% sales tax rate (half of the % rate charged statewide) at eligible merchants. Established in November 1992, the city's Urban Enterprise Zone status expires in November 2023.
Government
Local government
The City of Elizabeth is governed within the Faulkner Act, formally known as the Optional Municipal Charter Law, under the Mayor-Council system of municipal government. The city is one of 71 of 565 municipalities statewide that use this form of government. The governing body is comprised of the Mayor and the City Council. The Elizabeth City Council is comprised of nine members, who are elected to serve four-year terms of office on a staggered basis with elections held in even-numbered years. The three Council members elected at-large and mayor come up for election together in leap years and two years later the six members who are elected from each of Elizabeth's six wards are all up for election.
, the city's Mayor is Democrat Chris Bollwage, a lifelong resident of Elizabeth who is serving his eighth term as Mayor, serving a term of office that ends December 31, 2024. City Council members are Council President Patricia Perkins-Auguste (at-large; D, 2024), Carlos Cedeño (Fourth Ward; D, 2022), Frank J. Cuesta (at-large; D, 2024), William Gallman Jr. (Fifth Ward; D, 2022), Nelson Gonzalez (Second Ward; D, 2022), Manny Grova Jr. (at-large; D, 2024), Kevin Kiniery (Third Ward; D, 2022), Frank O. Mazza (Sixth Ward; D, 2022), and Carlos L. Torres (First Ward; D, 2022).
Bollwage, who has served as mayor of Elizabeth since 1992, was paid an annual salary of $152,564 in 2016, placing him among the three highest-paid mayors in the state and the only mayor in Union County to earn annual compensation in excess of $100,000.
Federal, state and county representation
Elizabeth is located in the 8th Congressional District and is part of New Jersey's 20th state legislative district. Prior to the 2010 Census, Elizabeth had been split between the and the , a change made by the New Jersey Redistricting Commission that took effect in January 2013, based on the results of the November 2012 general elections.
Politics
As of March 23, 2011, there were a total of 44,415 registered voters in Elizabeth, of which 24,988 (56.3% vs. 41.8% countywide) were registered as Democrats, 2,430 (5.5% vs. 15.3%) were registered as Republicans and 16,985 (38.2% vs. 42.9%) were registered as Unaffiliated. There were 12 voters registered to other parties. Among the city's 2010 Census population, 35.5% (vs. 53.3% in Union County) were registered to vote, including 47.8% of those ages 18 and over (vs. 70.6% countywide).
In the 2012 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 24,751 votes (80.8% vs. 66.0% countywide), ahead of Republican Mitt Romney with 5,213 votes (17.0% vs. 32.3%) and other candidates with 166 votes (0.5% vs. 0.8%), among the 30,640 ballots cast by the city's 50,715 registered voters, for a turnout of 60.4% (vs. 68.8% in Union County). In the 2008 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 23,524 votes (74.3% vs. 63.1% countywide), ahead of Republican John McCain with 7,559 votes (23.9% vs. 35.2%) and other candidates with 202 votes (0.6% vs. 0.9%), among the 31,677 ballots cast by the city's 48,294 registered voters, for a turnout of 65.6% (vs. 74.7% in Union County). In the 2004 presidential election, Democrat John Kerry received 18,363 votes (67.2% vs. 58.3% countywide), ahead of Republican George W. Bush with 8,486 votes (31.0% vs. 40.3%) and other candidates with 144 votes (0.5% vs. 0.7%), among the 27,334 ballots cast by the city's 45,882 registered voters, for a turnout of 59.6% (vs. 72.3% in the whole county).
In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Democrat Barbara Buono received 63.2% of the vote (7,804 cast), ahead of Republican Chris Christie with 35.5% (4,379 votes), and other candidates with 1.3% (163 votes), among the 13,592 ballots cast by the city's 49,515 registered voters (1,246 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 27.5%. In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Democrat Jon Corzine received 10,258 ballots cast (66.8% vs. 50.6% countywide), ahead of Republican Chris Christie with 4,386 votes (28.6% vs. 41.7%), Independent Chris Daggett with 376 votes (2.4% vs. 5.9%) and other candidates with 131 votes (0.9% vs. 0.8%), among the 15,355 ballots cast by the city's 46,219 registered voters, yielding a 33.2% turnout (vs. 46.5% in the county).
Police department
The Elizabeth Police Department was established in May 1858.
The current Police Director is Earl Graves and the Chief of Police is Giacomo Sacca.
The Table of Organization authorizes 365 officers, including 9 captains, 21 lieutenants and 39 sergeants.
Fire department
The Elizabeth Fire Department provides fire protection and emergency medical services to the city of Elizabeth. The Elizabeth Fire Department was established as a volunteer organization in 1837 when Engine Company # 1 was organized. In 1901, the volunteer department was no longer adequate and the department reorganized into a paid department on January 1, 1902. There are 7 Engine Companies, 3 Ladder Companies, 1 Rescue Company, and several Special Units. These companies and units are under the command of both a Deputy Chief and two Battalion Chiefs.
The department is part of the Metro USAR Strike Team, which consists of nine North Jersey fire departments and other emergency services divisions working to address major emergency rescue situations.
Fire station locations and apparatus
Emergency medical services
Emergency medical services are provided by the Elizabeth Fire Department's Division of Emergency Medical Services. This is a civilian division of the fire department and handles approx 20,000 calls a year. The division is made up of an EMS chief, 5 supervisors, 28 full-time emergency medical technicians, and approximately 12 per-diem EMTs. The division, at its maximum staffing, aims to operate five ambulances and a supervisor on days (7am-7pm) and three ambulances and a supervisor on nights (7pm-7am). They also operate the NJ EMS Task Force Medical Ambulance Bus #1. The Hatzolah Of Union County provides EMS primarily to the Elmora Hills neighborhood of Elizabeth, and certain sections of Hillside, Union, and Roselle Park.
Education
The city's public schools are operated by Elizabeth Public Schools, serving students in pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade. The district is one of 31 former Abbott districts statewide, which are now referred to as "SDA Districts" based on the requirement for the state to cover all costs for school building and renovation projects in these districts under the supervision of the New Jersey Schools Development Authority. Administration and operation of the district is overseen by a nine-member board of education.
As of the 2018–19 school year, the district, comprised of 36 schools, had an enrollment of 28,712 students and 2,173.0 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 13.2:1. High schools in the district (with 2018–19 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics) are
Elizabeth High School Frank J. Cicarell Aacdemy (1,152; 9-12),
J. Christian Bollwage Finance Academy (420; 9-12),
John E. Dwyer Technology Academy (1,340; 9-12),
Thomas A. Edison Career and Technical Academy (872; 9-12),
Admiral William F. Halsey Jr. Health and Public Safety Academy (1,111; 9-12),
Alexander Hamilton Preparatory Academy (1,014; 9-12) and
Thomas Jefferson Arts Academy (1,122; 9-12).
With 5,300 students, Elizabeth High School had been the largest high school in the state of New Jersey and one of the largest in the United States, and underwent a split that created five new academies and a smaller Elizabeth High School under a transformation program that began in the 2009–10 school year. The school was the 294th-ranked public high school in New Jersey out of 322 schools statewide, in New Jersey Monthly magazine's September 2010 cover story on the state's "Top Public High Schools", after being ranked 302nd in 2008 out of 316 schools. Before the 2008–09 school year, all of the district's schools (except high schools) became K–8 schools, replacing the middle schools and elementary schools. SchoolDigger.com ranked Elizabeth 449th of 558 districts evaluated in New Jersey.
These and other indicators reveal a seriously declining performance standard in the city's schools. Data reported by the state Department of Education showed that a majority of students in a majority of the Elizabeth public schools failed basic skills tests.
In the 2008–09 school year, Victor Mravlag Elementary School No. 21 was recognized with the Blue Ribbon School Award of Excellence by the United States Department of Education, the highest award an American school can receive. For the 2006–07 school year, William F. Halloran Alternative School #22 was one of four schools in New Jersey recognized with the Blue Ribbon Award. William F. Halloran Alternative School #22 earned a second award when it was one of 11 in the state to be recognized in 2014 by the National Blue Ribbon Schools Program. Terence C. Reilly School No. 7 was honored by the National Blue Ribbon Schools Program in 2019, one of nine schools in the state recognized as Exemplary High Performing Schools; the school had previously won the honor in 2013.
Private schools
Elizabeth is also home to several private schools. The coeducational St. Mary of the Assumption High School, which was established 1930, and the all-girls Benedictine Academy, which is run by the Benedictine Sisters of Saint Walburga Monastery, both operate under the auspices of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Newark. The Newark Archdiocese also operates the K–8 schools Our Lady of Guadalupe Academy and St. Genevieve School, which was founded in 1926.
Saint Patrick High School was closed by the Newark Archdiocese in June 2012 due to increasing costs and declining enrollment. Administrators and parents affiliated with the defunct school came together to open an independent non-denominational school on Morris Avenue called "The Patrick School" in September 2012.
The Benedictine Preschool, operated by the Benedictine Sisters, is housed at Saint Walburga Monastery.
The Jewish Educational Center comprises the Yeshiva of Elizabeth (nursery through sixth grades), the Rav Teitz Mesivta Academy (for boys in grades 6-12) and Bruriah High School (for girls in grades 7-12).
Princeton University was founded in 1746 in Elizabeth as the College of New Jersey.
Libraries
The Elizabeth Public Library, the free public library with a main library, originally a Carnegie library, and three branches had a collection of 384,000 volumes and annual circulation of about 115,000 in 2016.
Transportation
Roads and highways
Elizabeth is a hub of several major roadways including the New Jersey Turnpike / Interstate 95, Interstate 278 (including the Goethals Bridge, which carries Interstate 278 over the Arthur Kill between Elizabeth and Howland Hook, Staten Island), U.S. Route 1/9, Route 27, Route 28, and Route 439. Elizabeth's own street plan, in contrast to the more usual grid plan, is to a large degree circular, with circumferential and radial streets centered on the central railroad station.
, the city had a total of of roadways, of which were maintained by the municipality, by Union County, by the New Jersey Department of Transportation and by the New Jersey Turnpike Authority.
There are numerous crossings of the Elizabeth River. The city was once home to several smaller bascule bridges. The South First Street Bridge over the river, originally built in 1908, was replaced by a fixed span. The South Front Street Bridge, built in 1922, has been left in the open position since March 2011. A study is underway to determine if the bridge can be rehabilitated. The bridge is notable in that it is the only remaining movable road bridge in Union County (movable railroad bridges still exist).
Public transportation
Elizabeth is among the U.S. cities with the highest train ridership. It is served by NJ Transit on Amtrak's Northeast Corridor Line. There are two active stations in Elizabeth. Elizabeth station, also called Broad Street Elizabeth or Midtown Station, is the southern station in Midtown Elizabeth. The other train station in Elizabeth is North Elizabeth station.
NJ Transit has planned a segment of the Newark-Elizabeth Rail Link (NERL), designated as the Union County Light Rail (UCLR). The UCLR was planned to connect Midtown Station with Newark Liberty International Airport and have seven or eight other stations in between within Elizabeth city limits. A possible extension of this future line to Plainfield would link the city of Elizabeth with the Raritan Valley Line.
NJ Transit provides bus service on the 111, 112, 113 and 115 routes to and from the Port Authority Bus Terminal in Midtown Manhattan, on the , 40, 48, 59 and 62 routes to Newark, New Jersey, with local service available on the 26, 52, 56, 57 and 58 routes. ONE Bus provides service between Elizabeth and Newark on the 24 route.
Local media
WJDM at 1530 AM signed-on March 11, 1970 with studios at 9 Caldwell Place in Elizabeth. The station signed-off on January 30, 2019.
News 12 New Jersey offers weather and news channels with coverage of the city.
The Daily Journal was published in Elizabeth from 1779 to 1992, ending publication as circulation plummeted from a peak of 60,000.
Public-access channel
Residents of Elizabeth can tune into the public-access television cable-TV channel at any time to view public information, the city bulletin board, live meetings, important health information and tips. This service is provided by Optimum on channel 18. The channel also features the top ten ranked television shows, educational facts, quote of the day, gas price statistics, and tips for keeping the city safe and clean.
In popular culture
In the opening credits of the HBO crime drama The Sopranos, part of the city is shown.
The city is the focal point of Elizabeth native Judy Blume's 2015 novel In the Unlikely Event, the backdrop of which is three incidents that involved the crash of three commercial airliners in Elizabeth—1951 Miami Airlines C-46 crash, American Airlines Flight 6780 and National Airlines Flight 101—that took place within a period of two months in late 1951 and early 1952.
Elizabeth is the hometown of Mary Dawn Dwyer Levov, the principal female character in Philip Roth's 1997 Pulitzer Prize-winning novel American Pastoral.
Notable people
People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Elizabeth include:
Asad Abdul-Khaliq (born 1980), starting quarterback for the Minnesota Golden Gophers from 2000 to 2003
A. Bernard Ackerman (1936–2008), physician; a founding figure in the field of dermatopathology
Ryan Adeleye (born 1985), Israeli-American professional soccer defender who has played for Hapoel Ashkelon
Matthias W. Baldwin (1795–1866), inventor and machinery manufacturer, specializing in the production of steam locomotives, whose machine shop, established in 1825, grew to become Baldwin Locomotive Works
John D. Bates (born 1946), Senior United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Columbia
Stephen Bercik (1921–2003), politician; mayor of Elizabeth from 1956 to 1964
Benjamin Blackledge (1743–1815), educator and public official
Judy Blume (born 1938), author
Elias Boudinot (1740–1821), President of the Continental Congress; early U.S. Congressman
Todd Bowles (born 1963), former NFL defensive back with the Washington Redskins and San Francisco 49ers; former Head Coach of the New York Jets from 2015 to 2018.
David Brody (born 1930), historian; professor emeritus of history at the University of California, Davis
Hubie Brown (born 1933), former basketball coach and current television analyst
Antoinette Brown Blackwell (1825–1921), first woman to be ordained as a mainstream Protestant minister in the U.S.
Robert Nietzel Buck (1914–2007), broke the junior transcontinental air speed record in 1930; youngest pilot ever licensed in the U.S.
N. J. Burkett (born 1962), news correspondent for WABC-TV
William Burnet (1730–1791), physician who represented New Jersey in the Continental Congress from 1780 to 1781
Arthur Leopold Busch (1866–1956), submarine pioneer who constructed the USS Holland SS-1
Deidre Davis Butler (1955-2020), lawyer, disability rights activist and federal official.
James G. Butler (1920–2005), trial lawyer who was known for winning many large verdicts for plaintiffs in civil litigation, including the first in a thalidomide case
Nicholas Murray Butler (1862–1947), winner of the Nobel Peace Prize; a founder of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
Elias B. Caldwell (1776–1825), Clerk of the Supreme Court of the United States
Joan Carroll (1931–2016), actress, known for films such as Meet Me in St. Louis and The Bells of St. Mary's
Rodney Carter (born 1964), former NFL running back/3rd down receiver with the Pittsburgh Steelers
Al Catanho (born 1972), former linebacker in the NFL for the New England Patriots and the Washington Redskins
John Catlin (1803–1874), acting Governor of Wisconsin Territory
Gil Chapman (born 1953), running back and return specialist for the University of Michigan and New Orleans Saints
Michael Chertoff (born 1953), United States Secretary of Homeland Security; was born and raised there
Hiram Chodosh (born 1962), Fifth president of Claremont McKenna College in Claremont, California.
Abraham Clark (1725–1794), Member of the Continental Congress; signer of the Declaration of Independence
Amos Clark Jr. (1828–1912), politician and businessman who represented New Jersey's 3rd congressional district from 1873 to 1875.
Freddie 'Red' Cochrane (1915–1993), professional boxer in the welterweight (147 lb) division who became World Champion in 1941 in that class
Jim Colbert (born 1941), golfer and multiple winner on both the PGA Tour and Champions Tour
Tom Colicchio (born 1962), restaurateur, chef, and judge on reality-TV program Top Chef
Tom Coyne (1954–2017), mastering engineer
Joseph Halsey Crane (1782–1851), Congressional representative from Ohio
Elias Dayton (1737–1807), elected to the Continental Congress; served as mayor of Elizabethtown from 1796 to 1805; father of Jonathan Dayton
Jonathan Dayton (1760–1824), signer of the United States Constitution and Speaker of the United States House of Representatives; born there; Dayton, Ohio is named for him
John De Hart (1727–1795), delegate to the Continental Congress; was born and lived there
DeCavalcante crime family, one of the biggest mafia families in the U.S., is based here
Tom DeSanto (born 1968), film producer
Thomas G. Dunn (c. 1921–1998), seven-term mayor of Elizabeth whose 28 years in office made him the longest-serving mayor of a U.S. city with more than 100,000 people
John J. Fay Jr. (1927–2003), member of the New Jersey General Assembly and the New Jersey Senate
Chuck Feeney (born 1931), businessman, philanthropist and the founder of The Atlantic Philanthropies, one of the largest private foundations in the world.
Charles N. Fowler (1852–1932), represented 5th congressional district in the United States House of Representatives from 1895 to 1911
Ron Freeman (born 1947), winner of the gold medal in the 4 × 400 m relay at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City; raised there and attended Thomas Jefferson High School
Stanton T. Friedman (born 1934), professional ufologist
Minna Gale (1869–1944), Shakespearean actress
Chris Gatling (born 1967), NBA player for the Golden State Warriors, Miami Heat, Dallas Mavericks, New Jersey Nets, Milwaukee Bucks, Orlando Magic, Denver Nuggets, and the Cleveland Cavaliers
Tom Glassic (born 1954), retired NFL offensive lineman who played for the Denver Broncos
William Halsey Jr. (1882–1959), admiral in the United States Navy during World War II, who was one of four individuals to have attained the rank of fleet admiral.
Alexander Hamilton (ca. 1755–1804), lived here as a young man upon first arriving in America
John T. Hendrickson Jr. (1923–1999), politician who represented the 9th Legislative District in the New Jersey General Assembly from 1982 to 1989.
Joseph J. Higgins (1929–2007), politician who served in the New Jersey General Assembly from 1966 to 1974.
Kyrie Irving (born 1992), basketball player who plays professionally for the NBA's Brooklyn Nets
Raghib Ismail (born 1969), former NFL and CFL player
Horace Jenkins (born 1974), former NBA player for the Detroit Pistons
Leo Warren Jenkins (1913–1989), educator who served as the sixth president and chancellor of what is now East Carolina University.
Marsha P. Johnson (1945–1992), LGBTQ activist
Phineas Jones (1819–1884), represented New Jersey's 6th congressional district from 1881 to 1883
Arnie Kantrowitz (1940–2022), LGBT activist and college professor.
Michael Kasha (born 1920, class of 1937), physical chemist and molecular spectroscopist who collaborated with Andres Segovia in the 1960s and 1970s to create the Kasha Design classical guitars
John Kean (1852–1914), represented New Jersey in the United States Senate from 1899 to 1911; served two separate terms in the United States House of Representatives, from 1883 to 1885, and from 1887 to 1889, representing New Jersey's 3rd congressional district
James C. Kellogg III (1915–1980), Chairman of the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey
Daniel Hugh Kelly (born 1952), stage, film and television actor; was born and raised there
Daniel C. Kurtzer (born 1949), United States Ambassador to Egypt from 1997 to 2001 and United States Ambassador to Israel from 2001 to 2005.
Chauncey D. Leake (1896–1978), pharmacologist, medical historian and ethicist
Jay Lethal (born 1985 as Jamar Shipman), professional wrestler in Ring of Honor
William Livingston (1723–1790), signer of the United States Constitution and the first elected Governor of New Jersey, he lived there and built his home, Liberty Hall
Zenaida Manfugás (1932–2012), Cuban-American pianist who was considered one of the first black pianists in Cuba.
Patrick McDonnell (born 1956), cartoonist, author and playwright who is the creator of the syndicated daily comic strip Mutts.
James P. Mitchell (1900–1964), served as United States Secretary of Labor from 1953 to 1961; ran unsuccessfully for Governor of New Jersey
Thomas Mitchell (1892–1962), Oscar and Tony Award-winning actor; was born there
Hank Mobley (1930–1986), hard bop jazz saxophonist
John Morris (1926–2018), film, television and broadway composer, dance arranger, conductor and trained concert pianist, best known for his collaborations with filmmakers Mel Brooks and Gene Wilder.
Don Newcombe (born 1926), pitcher who spent most of his career with the Brooklyn/Los Angeles Dodgers
Marissa Paternoster (born 1986), artist, singer and guitarist in the bands Screaming Females and Noun
Elizabeth Peña (1959–2014), actress
Lorenzo Da Ponte (1749–1838), Italian-born librettist and poet
Stephanie Pogue (1944–2002), artist, printmaker, and art educator
Franklin Leonard Pope (1840–1885), telegrapher and inventor; lived there as a young man and befriended Thomas Edison
Ahmad Khan Rahami (born 1988), naturalized U.S. citizen from Afghanistan and Elizabeth restaurant worker charged in the 2016 New York and New Jersey bombings.
Ron Rivers (born 1971), running back in the NFL for six seasons
Jon Rua (born 1983), actor, singer and choreographer who appeared in the Broadway hit Hamilton.
Jonal Saint-Dic (born 1985), NFL player with the Kansas City Chiefs
Sidney M. Schreiber (1915–2009), Associate Justice of the New Jersey Supreme Court from 1975 to 1984.
Debralee Scott (1953–2005), actress, known for her role in Mary Hartman, Mary Hartman
Martin J. Silverstein (born 1954), attorney and diplomat who served as the United States Ambassador to Uruguay under President George W. Bush from 2001 to 2005.
Mickey Spillane (1918–2006), writer
Joseph Stamler (1911–1988), New Jersey Superior Court judge and professor at Rutgers University.
Leo Steiner (1939–1987), co-owner of the Carnegie Deli
Edward Stratemeyer (1862–1930), creator of the Hardy Boys, Bobbsey Twins, and Nancy Drew, he was born and resided there
William Sulzer (1863–1941), U.S. Congressman and impeached governor of New York
Carole Beebe Tarantelli (born 1942) American-born former member of the Italian parliament who was the first American citizen elected to the Italian Chamber of Deputies.
Tay-K (born 2000), rapper, songwriter and convicted murderer whose song "The Race" went viral following his arrest in Elizabeth, after a nationwide manhunt for murder.
Craig Taylor (born 1966), former running back for three seasons for the Cincinnati Bengals
Hal Tulchin (1926–2017), television and video director.
General John W. Vogt Jr. (1920–2010), flying ace of the United States Army Air Forces in World War II who later general rank in the United States Air Force during the Cold War era.
Dick Vosburgh (1929–2007), comedy writer and lyricist working chiefly in Britain
Bernie Wagenblast (born 1956), broadcaster and journalist
Bill Walczak, community activist who ran for mayor of Boston in 2013
Mickey Walker (1903–1981), boxer; held the Welterweight and Middleweight titles; was born and raised there; ranked #10 on Sports Illustrateds list of The 50 Greatest New Jersey Sports Figures
Mabel Madison Watson (1872-1952), composer and music educator.
Joe Weil (born 1958), writer and active member of the New Jersey poetry scene
Henry S. Whitehead (1882–1932), Episcopal minister and author of horror and fantasy fiction.
Sam Woodyard (1925–1988), jazz drummer best known for his association with the Duke Ellington orchestra
Glen Everett Woolfenden (1930–2007), ornithologist, known for his long-term study of the Florida scrub jay population at Archbold Biological Station near Lake Placid, Florida.
Albert Capwell Wyckoff (1903–1953), ordained minister of the Presbyterian Church (USA) and author of juvenile fiction, most notably the Mercer Boys series and Mystery Hunter series
Sister cities
Ribera, Sicily, Italy
Kitami, Hokkaido, Japan, signed on June 12, 1969
References
External links
Elizabeth Tourism website
1664 establishments in New Jersey
1855 establishments in New Jersey
Cities in Union County, New Jersey
County seats in New Jersey
Faulkner Act (mayor–council)
Former colonial and territorial capitals in the United States
New Jersey Urban Enterprise Zones
Port cities and towns in New Jersey
Populated places established in 1664
Populated places established in 1855 | [
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125779 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fanwood%2C%20New%20Jersey | Fanwood, New Jersey | Fanwood is a borough in Union County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the borough's population was 7,318 reflecting an increase of 144 (+2.0%) from the 7,174 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 59 (+0.8%) from the 7,115 counted in the 1990 Census.
Fanwood was incorporated as a borough by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on October 2, 1895, from portions of Fanwood Township (now known as Scotch Plains), based on the results of a referendum held the previous day. The borough was named for Fannie Wood, an author.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the borough had a total area of 1.34 square miles (3.47 km2), all of which was land.
The borough is bordered by Plainfield in the southwest and by Scotch Plains in all other directions.
Demographics
Census 2010
The Census Bureau's 2006-2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $127,450 (with a margin of error of +/- $8,852) and the median family income was $135,833 (+/- $6,654). Males had a median income of $92,262 (+/- $13,007) versus $62,845 (+/- $6,933) for females. The per capita income for the borough was $43,194 (+/- $2,939). About 0.6% of families and 2.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including none of those under age 18 and 2.8% of those age 65 or over.
Census 2000
As of the 2000 United States Census there were 7,174 people, 2,574 households, and 2,054 families residing in the borough. The population density was 5,363.4 people per square mile (2,067.1/km2). There were 2,615 housing units at an average density of 1,955.0 per square mile (753.5/km2). The racial makeup of the borough was 88.30% White, 5.14% African American, 0.10% Native American, 4.39% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.79% from other races, and 1.24% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.74% of the population. Among Fanwood residents, 23.2% identified as being of Italian ancestry, 23.0% as being of Irish ancestry and 20.6% as having German ancestry.
There were 2,574 households, out of which 38.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 70.0% were married couples living together, 7.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 20.2% were non-families. 18.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.76 and the average family size was 3.13.
In the borough the population was spread out, with 25.8% under the age of 18, 4.5% from 18 to 24, 31.3% from 25 to 44, 23.8% from 45 to 64, and 14.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.9 males.
The median income for a household in the borough was $85,233, and the median income for a family was $99,232. Males had a median income of $65,519 versus $40,921 for females. The per capita income for the borough was $34,804. About 1.6% of families and 3.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.6% of those under age 18 and 6.5% of those age 65 or over.
Economy
In 2014 Fanwood was recipient of a 2014 New Jersey Future Smart Growth Award for its downtown development plan.
Government
Local government
Fanwood is governed under the Borough form of New Jersey municipal government, which is used in 218 municipalities (of the 565) statewide, making it the most common form of government in New Jersey. The governing body is comprised of the Mayor and the Borough Council, with all positions elected at-large on a partisan basis as part of the November general election. The Mayor is elected directly by the voters to a four-year term of office. The Borough Council is comprised of six members elected to serve three-year terms on a staggered basis, with two seats coming up for election each year in a three-year cycle. The Borough form of government used by Fanwood is a "weak mayor / strong council" government in which council members act as the legislative body with the mayor presiding at meetings and voting only in the event of a tie. The mayor can veto ordinances subject to an override by a two-thirds majority vote of the council. The mayor makes committee and liaison assignments for council members, and most appointments are made by the mayor with the advice and consent of the council.
The Borough Council is Fanwood's legislative body and may pass, adopt, amend and repeal any ordinance or where permitted, any resolution, for any purpose required for the government of the municipality, and also controls and regulates the finances of the municipality. The Council may investigate any activity of the municipality, remove any officer of the municipality for cause other than those excepted by law and shall have all the executive responsibilities of the municipality not placed by general law, in the office of the Mayor. The Mayor of Fanwood is responsible for serving as the chief executive officer of borough government. The mayor presides over the Borough Council, appoints various boards and committees, oversees borough administration, and serves as the borough's ceremonial head.
, the Mayor of Fanwood Borough is Democrat Colleen M. Mahr, whose term of office ends December 31, 2023. Members of the Fanwood Borough Council are Council President Erin A. McElroy-Barker (D, 2024), Jeffrey Banks (D, 2023), Anthony Carter (D, 2023), Francine Glaser (D, 2022), Katherine Mitchell (D, 2022) and Patricia Walsh (D, 2024).
In January 2019, Jeffrey Banks was appointed to fill the seat expiring in December 2020 that had been held by Russell Huegel until he resigned from office to accept the position as the borough's municipal attorney.
Fire department
The Fanwood Fire Department is a volunteer fire department with 30 members that operate out of one fire station. The department has two engines, one quint and a chief's vehicle. The Fanwood Volunteer Fire Company predates the incorporation of the borough, having first been established in 1890 with its first firehouse constructed in 1897.
Federal, state and county representation
Fanwood is located in the 12th Congressional District and is part of New Jersey's 22nd state legislative district. Prior to the 2010 Census, Fanwood had been part of the , a change made by the New Jersey Redistricting Commission that took effect in January 2013, based on the results of the November 2012 general elections.
Politics
As of March 23, 2011, there were a total of 5,033 registered voters in Fanwood, of which 1,614 (32.1% vs. 41.8% countywide) were registered as Democrats, 1,210 (24.0% vs. 15.3%) were registered as Republicans and 2,205 (43.8% vs. 42.9%) were registered as Unaffiliated. There were 4 voters registered to other parties. Among the borough's 2010 Census population, 68.8% (vs. 53.3% in Union County) were registered to vote, including 95.1% of those ages 18 and over (vs. 70.6% countywide).
In the 2012 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 2,164 votes (54.8% vs. 66.0% countywide), ahead of Republican Mitt Romney with 1,710 votes (43.3% vs. 32.3%) and other candidates with 49 votes (1.2% vs. 0.8%), among the 3,947 ballots cast by the borough's 5,239 registered voters, for a turnout of 75.3% (vs. 68.8% in Union County). In the 2008 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 2,287 votes (54.7% vs. 63.1% countywide), ahead of Republican John McCain with 1,817 votes (43.5% vs. 35.2%) and other candidates with 37 votes (0.9% vs. 0.9%), among the 4,179 ballots cast by the borough's 5,143 registered voters, for a turnout of 81.3% (vs. 74.7% in Union County). In the 2004 presidential election, Democrat John Kerry received 2,045 votes (50.2% vs. 58.3% countywide), ahead of Republican George W. Bush with 1,957 votes (48.1% vs. 40.3%) and other candidates with 41 votes (1.0% vs. 0.7%), among the 4,070 ballots cast by the borough's 5,013 registered voters, for a turnout of 81.2% (vs. 72.3% in the whole county).
In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 58.8% of the vote (1,503 cast), ahead of Democrat Barbara Buono with 39.3% (1,003 votes), and other candidates with 1.9% (49 votes), among the 2,604 ballots cast by the borough's 5,151 registered voters (49 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 50.6%. In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 1,468 votes (50.2% vs. 41.7% countywide), ahead of Democrat Jon Corzine with 1,140 votes (39.0% vs. 50.6%), Independent Chris Daggett with 276 votes (9.4% vs. 5.9%) and other candidates with 16 votes (0.5% vs. 0.8%), among the 2,922 ballots cast by the borough's 5,064 registered voters, yielding a 57.7% turnout (vs. 46.5% in the county).
Education
Public school students in Fanwood attend the schools of the Scotch Plains-Fanwood Regional School District, which serves students in pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade from the Township of Scotch Plains and the Borough of Fanwood. The district has five elementary schools (PreK/K-4), two middle schools (5-8) and a comprehensive high school (9-12), all of which are located in Scotch Plains. Students from School One, Evergreen and Brunner pool into Park Middle School, while students from Coles and McGinn feed into Terrill. School One is the only elementary school that teaches English as a second language. Most students from Park Middle School and Terrill Middle school continue their high school education at the Scotch Plains-Fanwood High School. As of the 2018–19 school year, the district, comprised of eight schools, had an enrollment of 5,649 students and 438.0 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 12.9:1. Seats on the district's nine-member board of education are allocated based on the population of the constituent districts, with two seats assigned to Fanwood.
Schools in the district (with 2018–19 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics) are
Howard B. Brunner Elementary School with 414 students in grades PreK-4,
J. Ackerman Coles School with 552 students in grades PreK-4,
Evergreen School with 402 students in grades PreK-4,
William J. McGinn School with 512 students in grades K-4,
School One with 395 students in grades PreK-4,
Park Middle School with 909 students in grades 5–8,
Terrill Middle School with 811 students in grades 5-8 and
Scotch Plains-Fanwood High School with 1,574 students in grades 9–12.
Transportation
Roads and highways
, the borough had a total of of roadways, of which were maintained by the municipality, by Union County and by the New Jersey Department of Transportation.
Route 28 (known in Fanwood as South Avenue) passes through the borough, connecting Plainfield and Scotch Plains.
Another major thoroughfare is South and North Martine Avenue, which connects Fanwood to U.S. Route 22 .
Public transportation
The Fanwood station is an NJ Transit railroad station on the Raritan Valley Line. The building on the north side of the tracks (westbound platform) is a Victorian building and, like the north building at Westfield station, is used by a non-profit organization. The ticket office is in the station building on the south side of the tracks (eastbound platform). The station provides service to Penn Station in Newark, and from there to Hoboken Terminal or Penn Station in Midtown Manhattan.
Currently riders can take one seat rides to Penn Station in Midtown Manhattan during rush hour on weekdays, with transfer at Newark Penn Station required to reach to New York Penn Station at all other times, including weekends. The Raritan Valley Railroad Coalition has been promoting economic benefits of one-seat rider to New York City since 1998. RVRC has so far succeeded to achieve such one seat riders during off peak hours during week and there are 9 trains in each direction that the riders do not need to transfer at Newark Penn Station. Ultimate goal of RVRC is to extend such one seat rider in during rush hours. One seat rider would have been achieved with the Access to the Region's Core tunnel program, but this was cancelled by then Governor Chris Christie.
NJ Transit offers bus service to and from the Port Authority Bus Terminal in Midtown Manhattan on the 113 and local service on the 822 route.
Newark Liberty International Airport is approximately 25 minutes away to the east.
Notable people
People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Fanwood include:
Edith Ajello (born 1944), politician who has served as a member of the Rhode Island House of Representatives.
H. W. Ambruster (1879–1961), football coach, chemical engineer, actor and lecturer.
Bill Austin (born c. 1930), former football player.
Derrick Caracter (born 1988), power forward/center who played for the Los Angeles Lakers, now with A.S. Ramat HaSharon of the Israeli Liga Leumit.
Maryanne Connelly (born 1945), former mayor of Fanwood.
Gerry Cooney (born 1956), boxer.
Róisín Egenton, selected The Rose of Tralee in 2000.
Eleanor C. Lambertsen (1916-1998), nurse who was inducted into the American Nurses Association Hall of Fame in 2012.
William Lowell Jr. (1863–1954), golf tee manufacturer.
Hiram Maxim (1840-1916), inventor of the Maxim gun, a curling iron, fire sprinklers, and other devices.
Hiram Percy Maxim (1869-1936), inventor, radio pioneer and founder of the American Radio Relay League.
Zahid Quraishi, United States Magistrate Judge of the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey who is an announced nominee to be a United States District Judge of the same court.
Todd D. Robinson (born c. 1963), American diplomat who was U.S. ambassador to Guatemala and Venezuela, and is now a senior advisor for Central America in the Bureau of Western Hemisphere Affairs.
Linda Stender (born 1951), member of the New Jersey General Assembly, and former mayor of Fanwood.
Robert T. Stevens (1899-1983), businessman and former chairman of J.P. Stevens and Company.
Sada Thompson (1927-2011), actress.
Thomas Chatterton Williams (born 1981), cultural critic and author, whose works include the 2019 book Self-Portrait in Black and White.
References
External links
Fanwood Borough website
Fanwood Environmental Commission
1895 establishments in New Jersey
Borough form of New Jersey government
Boroughs in Union County, New Jersey
Populated places established in 1895 | [
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|
125780 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garwood%2C%20New%20Jersey | Garwood, New Jersey | Garwood is a borough in Union County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the borough's population was 4,226, reflecting an increase of 73 (+1.8%) from the 4,153 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn declined by 74 (-1.8%) from the 4,227 counted in the 1990 Census.
History
Garwood was incorporated as a borough on March 19, 1903, from portions of Cranford Township and Westfield Town.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the borough had a total area of 0.65 square miles (1.68 km2), all of which was land.
The borough is roughly bisected by the tracks of NJ Transit's Raritan Valley Line, originally built as part of the Jersey Central railroad. On the north side of the railroad, most of the streets are numbered, while on the south side of Garwood most of the streets are named after trees.
Garwood borders the Union County municipalities of Cranford and Westfield.
Demographics
Census 2010
The Census Bureau's 2006-2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $72,254 (with a margin of error of +/- $9,274) and the median family income was $86,959 (+/- $8,603). Males had a median income of $58,258 (+/- $3,197) versus $43,455 (+/- $3,625) for females. The per capita income for the borough was $35,753 (+/- $2,821). About 0.9% of families and 1.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including none of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over.
Census 2000
As of the 2000 United States Census there were 4,153 people, 1,731 households, and 1,125 families residing in the borough. The population density was 6,292.9 people per square mile (2,429.5/km2). There were 1,782 housing units at an average density of 2,700.2 per square mile (1,042.5/km2). The racial makeup of the borough was 95.91% White, 0.36% African American, 1.32% Asian, 1.54% from other races, and 0.87% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.98% of the population.
There were 1,731 households, out of which 26.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.0% were married couples living together, 12.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.0% were non-families. 28.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.40 and the average family size was 2.96.
In the borough the population was spread out, with 20.0% under the age of 18, 6.3% from 18 to 24, 35.6% from 25 to 44, 20.9% from 45 to 64, and 17.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.6 males.
The median income for a household in the borough was $52,571, and the median income for a family was $64,053. Males had a median income of $50,951 versus $36,538 for females. The per capita income for the borough was $26,944. About 3.5% of families and 5.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.3% of those under age 18 and 6.4% of those age 65 or over.
Government
Local government
Garwood is governed under the Borough form of New Jersey municipal government, which is used in 218 municipalities (of the 565) statewide, making it the most common form of government in New Jersey. The governing body is comprised of the Mayor and the Borough Council, with all positions elected at-large on a partisan basis as part of the November general election. The Mayor is elected directly by the voters to a four-year term of office. The Borough Council is comprised of six members elected to serve three-year terms on a staggered basis, with two seats coming up for election each year in a three-year cycle. The Borough form of government used by Garwood is a "weak mayor / strong council" government in which council members act as the legislative body with the mayor presiding at meetings and voting only in the event of a tie. The mayor can veto ordinances subject to an override by a two-thirds majority vote of the council. The mayor makes committee and liaison assignments for council members, and most appointments are made by the mayor with the advice and consent of the council.
, the Mayor of Garwood is Democrat Sara Todisco, whose term of office ends December 31, 2022. Members of the Garwood Borough Council are Council President Jen Blumenstock (D, 2022), Russell Graham (D, 2023), Vincent Kearney (D, 2023), Marc Lazarow (D, 2022), Heather Loffredo (R, 2024), and Kimberly Salmon (R, 2024).
In January 2019, the Borough Council selected Russell Graham from a list of three candidates nominated by the Democratic municipal committee to fill the seat expiring in December 2020 that became vacant when Sara Todisco took office as mayor. Graham served on an interim basis until the November 2019 general election, when he was elected to serve the balance of the term of office.
The Borough Administrator / Clerk is Christina M. Ariemma.
Federal, state and county representation
Garwood is located in the 7th Congressional District and is part of New Jersey's 21st state legislative district.
Politics
As of March 23, 2011, there were a total of 2,685 registered voters in Garwood, of which 796 (29.6% vs. 41.8% countywide) were registered as Democrats, 496 (18.5% vs. 15.3%) were registered as Republicans and 1,393 (51.9% vs. 42.9%) were registered as Unaffiliated. There were no voters registered to other parties. Among the borough's 2010 Census population, 63.5% (vs. 53.3% in Union County) were registered to vote, including 78.7% of those ages 18 and over (vs. 70.6% countywide).
In the 2012 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 968 votes (48.8% vs. 66.0% countywide), ahead of Republican Mitt Romney with 957 votes (48.2% vs. 32.3%) and other candidates with 38 votes (1.9% vs. 0.8%), among the 1,985 ballots cast by the borough's 2,812 registered voters, for a turnout of 70.6% (vs. 68.8% in Union County). In the 2008 presidential election, Republican John McCain received 1,090 votes (51.6% vs. 35.2% countywide), ahead of Democrat Barack Obama with 971 votes (46.0% vs. 63.1%) and other candidates with 31 votes (1.5% vs. 0.9%), among the 2,111 ballots cast by the borough's 2,782 registered voters, for a turnout of 75.9% (vs. 74.7% in Union County). In the 2004 presidential election, Republican George W. Bush received 995 votes (50.5% vs. 40.3% countywide), ahead of Democrat John Kerry with 928 votes (47.1% vs. 58.3%) and other candidates with 30 votes (1.5% vs. 0.7%), among the 1,970 ballots cast by the borough's 2,539 registered voters, for a turnout of 77.6% (vs. 72.3% in the whole county).
In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 64.1% of the vote (802 cast), ahead of Democrat Barbara Buono with 34.3% (429 votes), and other candidates with 1.6% (20 votes), among the 1,297 ballots cast by the borough's 2,763 registered voters (46 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 46.9%. In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 823 votes (56.4% vs. 41.7% countywide), ahead of Democrat Jon Corzine with 477 votes (32.7% vs. 50.6%), Independent Chris Daggett with 127 votes (8.7% vs. 5.9%) and other candidates with 18 votes (1.2% vs. 0.8%), among the 1,460 ballots cast by the borough's 2,681 registered voters, yielding a 54.5% turnout (vs. 46.5% in the county).
Emergency services
Police
Garwood's primary law enforcement is the borough's police department, serving the borough since its establishment in 1906. The Garwood Police Department is a small force consisting of Chief of Police James H. Wright, one captain, two lieutenants, two sergeants, ten patrolmen, and four civilian dispatchers. Patrol operations normally consist of one north side car, one south side car, and one supervisor. Officers work 12-hour shifts, four days on, four days off, alternating between days and nights.
EMS
Garwood First Aid Squad serves as the emergency medical service in town. Founded in 1939, it is non-profit service, consists of a dedicated all volunteer staff serving the borough 24 hours per day, seven days a week, at no cost to the residents. Drivers and EMTs on the squad also answer calls for mutual aid when an ambulance is needed in other towns where one is not available. GFAS answers anywhere from 350-400 calls annually, a considerable number for such a small borough.
Fire
Garwood Fire Department is entirely volunteer, and serves the borough in the capacity of fire protection, fire prevention, and fire code enforcement.
The Fire Chief is Allan Tweedle.
Education
The Garwood Public Schools serves students in pre-kindergarten through eighth grade at Lincoln School. As of the 2018–19 school year, the district, comprised of one school, had an enrollment of 386 students and 30.4 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 12.7:1.
Public school students in ninth through twelfth grades attend Arthur L. Johnson High School in neighboring Clark as part of a sending/receiving relationship with the Clark Public School District. As of the 2018–19 school year, the high school had an enrollment of 717 students and 66.0 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 10.9:1.
Students from Garwood, and all of Union County, are eligible to attend one of the Union County Vocational Technical Schools.
Transportation
Roads and highways
, the borough had a total of of roadways, of which were maintained by the municipality, by Union County and by the New Jersey Department of Transportation.
New Jersey Route 28 is the main highway through Garwood, connecting east to Cranford and west to Westfield. New Jersey Route 59, which borders Cranford to the east, has been described as the shortest four-lane paved highway in the United States. It was built in the late 1920s, numbered Route 22 at the time and was originally planned to run from Fairfield Township to Rahway, but was never completed. Its total length is .
Public transportation
The Garwood station offers limited NJ Transit rail service on the Raritan Valley Line. The station has limited service, does not have platforms and is not ADA compliant.
NJ Transit also provides bus service along two different lines, the 113 route to the Port Authority Bus Terminal in Midtown Manhattan and the 59 bus to Newark.
Newark Liberty International Airport is approximately 15 minutes away. Linden Airport, a general aviation facility is in nearby Linden, New Jersey.
Notable people
People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Garwood include:
David Durante (born 1980), national men's gymnastics champion.
Loree Jon Hasson (born 1965), professional pool player.
Barry Lubin (born 1952), creator of the clown character "Grandma" of the Big Apple Circus.
John J. McCarthy (1927-2001), politician who served in the New Jersey General Assembly and as Mayor of Garwood.
Tom Perrotta (born 1961), author.
References
External links
Garwood's Official Website
1903 establishments in New Jersey
Borough form of New Jersey government
Boroughs in Union County, New Jersey
Populated places established in 1903 | [
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|
125782 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillside%2C%20New%20Jersey | Hillside, New Jersey | Hillside is a township in Union County, New Jersey. As of the 2010 United States Census, the township's population was 21,404, reflecting a decline of 343 (-1.6%) from the 21,747 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 703 (+3.3%) from the 21,044 counted in the 1990 Census.
Hillside was incorporated as a township on April 3, 1913, from portions of Union Township, based on the results of a referendum held on April 29, 1913. The township was named for the surrounding hills.
The township is split between area codes 908 and 973.
History
Hillside was created from parcels of land carved out of neighboring Newark, Elizabeth, and Union. It originally contained the farms of Woodruff, Conant and Saybrook. Local streets still bear their names.
Hillside was incorporated shortly after the appearance of Halley's Comet in 1910, and for that reason, the team nickname of Hillside High School is the "Comets." Several local businesses take the name "Comet" for the same reason.
The Hillside Historical Society was established in the 1980s in the Woodruff home on Conant Street, perhaps the township's oldest. The Woodruff House and Eaton Store Museum is operated and maintained by the Hillside Historical Society. Purchased by the society in 1978, the house has been faithfully restored to its original grandeur. The Woodruff House spans three centuries in one structure, including the original 1735 building, the 1790 addition, the 1890s kitchen and the 1900s store. The society has also added to the grounds an authentic post and beam barn, a Phil Rizzuto and All Sports Museum honoring the Hillside legend as well as an archive to house the many documents the society has obtained over the years.
Jean-Ray Turner, a reporter for the Elizabeth Daily Journal, wrote Along the Upper Road in the 1970s, a book of the history of Hillside.
Hillside has been the home of Bristol-Myers Squibb. Lionel Trains were manufactured from 1929 to 1974 at a factory located in Hillside that employed as many as 2,000 employees. The town thrived for decades and reached an economic peak in the 1960s. Blue collar workers who lived primarily in the central part of town were employed in local manufacturing concerns. White collar workers established the neighborhood known as Westminster where Yankee shortstop and broadcaster Phil Rizzuto lived for most of his adult life, until his death. That section of town also included the private Pingry School for boys (which left the township) and is now the East Campus of Kean University.
In the 1950s and 1960s the township was approximately one-half Jewish, many of whom lived either in Westminster or in the area of Hillside near Chancellor Avenue, adjacent to the Weequahic section of Newark, which was the early home of comedian Jerry Lewis and writer Philip Roth (Portnoy's Complaint).
In the early 1950s the township established Conant Park, its largest. The park is bounded by the Elizabeth River and Conant Street. At the rear area of the park near Pingry School was the boundary of the Kean Estate, the boyhood home of Governor Thomas Kean (1982–1990). The wealthy Kean family also donated the land on Morris Avenue and helped to establish Newark Normal College in 1885, which was renamed Kean College, and later Kean University, in the family's honor. Also in the 1950s the Town Hall, Police Headquarters and Municipal Library were constructed at the corner of Liberty and Hillside Avenues.
Township organizations include Rotary International, Kiwanis, Knights of Columbus, Elks, the Hillside Industrial Association, the Hillside Business and Professional Women's Club, the Republican Club and the Democratic Club, as well as a number of ethnic clubs and associations.
In 1991, police from both Hillside and Newark fired nearly 40 shots at a van that had rammed a Hillside police vehicle after a high-speed chase. The pursuit had started after the van had been reported stolen at gunpoint in Newark and was being followed by three Newark police cars before crossing into Hillside. Two of the people inside the vehicle were killed and four of the five other passengers were wounded, though the Union County Prosecutor indicated that there was no clear explanation for why the police had started shooting. The Reverend Al Sharpton held a rally outside Town Hall on Hillside Avenue demanding that the police officers involved in the shootings should be prosecuted for their actions.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township had a total area of 2.78 square miles (7.20 km2), including 2.77 square miles (7.17 km2) of land and 0.02 square miles (0.04 km2) of water (0.54%).
Unincorporated communities, localities and place names located partially or completely within the township include Lyons Farms and Saybrooke.
The township is located on the northern edge of Union County and is bordered to the northwest by Irvington and to the north and northeast by Newark, both in Essex County. Elizabeth borders Hillside to the east and southeast, while Union borders to the west.
Climate
The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Hillside has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.
Demographics
2010 Census
The Census Bureau's 2006-2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $55,520 (with a margin of error of +/- $5,760) and the median family income was $67,492 (+/- $5,643). Males had a median income of $44,421 (+/- $3,088) versus $42,927 (+/- $4,392) for females. The per capita income for the township was $35,486 (+/- $3,349). About 9.4% of families and 11.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.7% of those under age 18 and 13.3% of those age 65 or over.
2000 Census
As of the 2000 United States Census there were 21,747 people, 7,161 households, and 5,578 families residing in the township. The population density was 7,793.6 people per square mile (3,009.5/km2). There were 7,388 housing units at an average density of 2,647.7 per square mile (1,022.4/km2). The racial makeup of the township was 40.03% White, 46.54% African American, 0.23% Native American, 3.45% Asian, 0.08% Pacific Islander, 5.26% from other races, and 4.41% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 14.50% of the population. As of the 2000 Census, an adjusted 11.2% of residents listed themselves as being of Portuguese ancestry, the third-highest in New Jersey among communities in which more than 1,000 residents recorded an ancestry group.
There were 7,161 households, out of which 36.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.5% were married couples living together, 18.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.1% were non-families. 18.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.04 and the average family size was 3.45.
In the township the population was spread out, with 25.6% under the age of 18, 8.9% from 18 to 24, 30.3% from 25 to 44, 24.1% from 45 to 64, and 11.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.2 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $59,136, and the median income for a family was $64,635. Males had a median income of $39,439 versus $31,817 for females. The per capita income for the township was $21,724. About 3.2% of families and 5.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.4% of those under age 18 and 9.1% of those age 65 or over.
Economy
Portions of the township are part of an Urban Enterprise Zone (UEZ), one of 32 zones covering 37 municipalities statewide. Hillside was selected in 1996 as one of a group of seven zones added to participate in the program. In addition to other benefits to encourage employment and investment within the UEZ, shoppers can take advantage of a reduced 3.3125% sales tax rate (half of the % rate charged statewide) at eligible merchants. Established in May 1996, the township's Urban Enterprise Zone status expires in May 2027.
Government
Local government
Hillside is governed by the Faulkner Act (formally known as the Optional Municipal Charter Law), under the Mayor-Council form of New Jersey municipal government (plan 4), as implemented as of July 1, 1997. The township is one of 71 municipalities (of the 565) statewide that use this form of government. The governing body is composed of the mayor and the seven-member Township Council, all elected to four-year terms of office on a non-partisan basis as part of the November general election in odd-numbered years. Four council members come from wards, and three are elected at-large. The four ward seats all come up for election together and the mayoral and at-large seats come up for vote together two years later. The council voted in August 2010 to shift municipal elections from May to November, to be held in conjunction with the general election.
, the Mayor of Hillside is Dahlia O. Vertreese, whose term of office ends December 31, 2025. Members of the Township Council are Council President Craig Epps (At-large, 2025), Vice President Christopher D. Mobley (Ward 2, 2023), Lisa Bonnano (At-large, 2025), Donald DeAugustine (Ward 3, 2023), Gerald Pateesh Freedman (Ward 4, 2023), Andrea Hyatt (Ward 1, 2023), and Robert Rios (At-large, 2025).
In the 2017 general election, none of the candidates for mayor or at-large council seats crossed the threshold, leading to a December run-off between Dahlia Vertreese and Jorge A. Batista, the two top candidates for mayor, and the top six for council, consisting of the three-person slates affiliated with the two mayoral candidates. The runoff was won by Vertreese and her slate.
Federal, state and county representation
Hillside is located in the 10th Congressional District and is part of New Jersey's 20th state legislative district. Prior to the 2011 reapportionment following the 2010 Census, Hillside had been in the 29th state legislative district.
Politics
On March 23, 2011, there were 11,991 registered voters in Hillside Township, of whom 6,196 (51.7% vs. 41.8% countywide) were registered as Democrats, 685 (5.7% vs. 15.3%) were registered as Republicans and 5,109 (42.6% vs. 42.9%) were registered as Unaffiliated. There was one voter registered to other parties. Among the township's 2010 Census population, 56.0% (vs. 53.3% in Union County) were registered to vote, including 73.4% of those ages 18 and over (vs. 70.6% countywide).
In the 2012 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 8,059 votes (86.4% vs. 66.0% countywide), ahead of Republican Mitt Romney with 1,186 votes (12.7% vs. 32.3%) and other candidates with 23 votes (0.2% vs. 0.8%), among the 9,323 ballots cast by the township's 12,982 registered voters, for a turnout of 71.8% (vs. 68.8% in Union County). In the 2008 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 7,908 votes (83.3% vs. 63.1% countywide), ahead of Republican John McCain with 1,491 votes (15.7% vs. 35.2%) and other candidates with 33 votes (0.3% vs. 0.9%), among the 9,492 ballots cast by the township's 12,766 registered voters, for a turnout of 74.4% (vs. 74.7% in Union County). In the 2004 presidential election, Democrat John Kerry received 6,415 votes (77.7% vs. 58.3% countywide), ahead of Republican George W. Bush with 1,737 votes (21.0% vs. 40.3%) and other candidates with 41 votes (0.5% vs. 0.7%), among the 8,257 ballots cast by the township's 11,702 registered voters, for a turnout of 70.6% (vs. 72.3% in the whole county).
In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Democrat Barbara Buono received 67.8% of the vote (3,362 cast), ahead of Republican Chris Christie with 31.6% (1,564 votes), and other candidates with 0.6% (31 votes), among the 5,370 ballots cast by the township's 12,816 registered voters (413 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 41.9%. In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Democrat Jon Corzine received 4,236 ballots cast (77.1% vs. 50.6% countywide), ahead of Republican Chris Christie with 1,085 votes (19.8% vs. 41.7%), Independent Chris Daggett with 102 votes (1.9% vs. 5.9%) and other candidates with 32 votes (0.6% vs. 0.8%), among the 5,492 ballots cast by the township's 12,413 registered voters, yielding a 44.2% turnout (vs. 46.5% in the county).
Education
The Hillside Public Schools serve students in pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade. As of the 2018–19 school year, the district, comprised of six schools, had an enrollment of 3,123 students and 260.7 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 12.0:1. Schools in the district (with 2018–19 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics) are
Abram P. Morris Early Childhood Center (636 students; in grades PreK-1),
Calvin Coolidge Elementary School (205; grade 2),
Hurden Looker School (461; 3–4),
George Washington School (488; grade 5),
Walter O. Krumbiegel Middle School (452; 6–8) and
Hillside High School (842; 9–12). Hillside High School on Liberty Avenue was originally constructed in 1941, replacing the Coe Avenue (A.P. Morris) School which became a grammar school. Additions were later added to accommodate the baby-boomers of the 1950s and 1960s. In the mid-sixties the high school held some 1,500 students.
Catholic grammar schools included Christ the King on Columbia Avenue and St. Catherine of Siena School in Elizabeth on North Broad Street until the two were merged in 2004 to form Hillside Catholic Academy with the students from both schools together at the facility on Bloy Street. The school was one of eight closed by the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Newark at the end of the 2011–12 school year, in the face of declining enrollment and rising expenses, part of a long-term reduction in the number of schools in the archdiocese, which had dropped to 112 from the 176 schools systemwide a decade earlier.
A portion of Kean University is located in the Westminster section of Hillside, on the grounds of the former Pingry School.
Transportation
Roads and highways
, the township had a total of of roadways, of which were maintained by the municipality, by Union County, by the New Jersey Department of Transportation and by the New Jersey Turnpike Authority.
The Garden State Parkway, Interstate 78, U.S. Route 22, New Jersey Route 439 and County Route 509 all pass through Hillside. The Union toll plaza of the Garden State Parkway is located on the northbound lanes of the parkway, approaching the interchange for I-78.
Public transportation
NJ Transit offers bus service to the Port Authority Bus Terminal in Midtown Manhattan on the 114 route and to other New Jersey points. There is one train line that passes through the township but there are no stations. The Irvington Industrial Branch of the Lehigh Valley Railroad (now Conrail Shared Assets) breaks off of the mainline to serve several industries. The closest train stations are Union station in Union, and North Elizabeth station in Elizabeth.
Newark Liberty International Airport is approximately east of Hillside.
Notable people
People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Hillside include:
William Bendix (1908–1964), actor (Lifeboat, Life of Riley), lived here in the 1930s
Blanks 77, street punk band
Clint Bolick (born 1957), associate justice of the Arizona Supreme Court
Marquis Cunningham (born 1989), finalist on So You Think You Can Dance
Michael V. Gazzo (1923–1995), playwright (A Hatful of Rain) and Academy Award-nominated film actor (The Godfather Part II)
David Jones (born 1968), former NFL tight end who played for the Los Angeles Raiders in 1992
Marc Leepson (born 1945), journalist and historian
Kyle Lofton (born 1999), college basketball player for the St. Bonaventure Bonnies
Rollie Massimino (1934–2017), college basketball coach, led Villanova to 1985 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship
Jerron McMillian (born 1989), NFL safety for the Green Bay Packers
Mr. Len (Leonard "Lenny" Smythe), hip-hop artist, former member of underground group Company Flow, current member Roosevelt Franklin
Adrienne A. Mandel (born 1936), politician who represented the 19th District in the Maryland House of Delegates for more than ten years.
Xavier Munford (born 1992), professional basketball player for the Memphis Grizzlies of the National Basketball Association
Kendall Ogle (born 1976), 1999 draft pick of NFL's Cleveland Browns
Robert Parham (born 1966), kickboxing former World Kickboxing Champion and actor
Alan Paul (born 1949), member of The Manhattan Transfer
Nicholas Reale (1922–1984), watercolorist with a lengthy career in art and teaching
Ralph H. Spanjer (1920–1999), U.S. Marine Corps major general
Tab Ramos (born 1966), footballer and member of the United States' 1990 and 1994 World Cup teams; Hillside was childhood home
Phil Rizzuto (1917–2007), Hall of Fame baseball player and broadcaster; longtime Hillside resident
Arthur Seale (born 1946), serving life sentence for 1980s kidnapping, murder of Exxon oil executive Sidney Reso
Marquis Spruill (born 1991), football linebacker
Dan Studney (born 1941), former track and field athlete who competed in the javelin throw, winning a gold medal for the United States at the 1963 Pan American Games
Tame One (born 1970 as Rahem Brown), hip-hop artist and member of supergroup The Weathermen
Jeff Tittel, environmentalist who spent more than two decades as the director of the New Jersey Sierra Club
Harry Wilf (1921–1992), co-founder of the real estate development firm Garden Homes
Joseph Wilf (1925–2016), co-founder of the real estate development firm Garden Homes
Zygi Wilf (born 1950), real estate developer, principal owner of NFL's Minnesota Vikings, younger brother Mark Wilf (born 1962), president of the Vikings and cousin Leonard Wilf (born 1947), the team's vice chairman
Hela Young (1950–2002), Miss New Jersey 1971, former New Jersey Lottery host
Dick Zimmer (born 1944), former member of the United States House of Representatives, Republican candidate for United States Senate in 1996 and 2008
Evergreen Cemetery
Hillside is the site of Evergreen Cemetery, known locally as the burial site of many Roma (or Gypsy) families and a number of notable writers, including:
Stephen Crane, author of The Red Badge of Courage
Mary Mapes Dodge, author of Hans Brinker or The Silver Skates
Edward Stratemeyer, creator of the Hardy Boys, Bobbsey Twins, Nancy Drew, Rover Boys, and Tom Swift series, among others
The Evergreen Cemetery was mentioned in Weird NJ for an incident in 1902, when after a downpour, bodies were found on the streets.
Pop culture
Hip hop artist Lauryn Hill mentions Hillside on her album The Miseducation of Lauryn Hill. In the song "Every Ghetto, Every City," in which she describes her experiences growing up in New Jersey, she raps, "Hillside brings beef with the cops."
The 1978 film King of the Gypsies was filmed in part in Hillside.
References
External links
Official Website
Hillside Public Schools
School Data for the Hillside Public Schools, National Center for Education Statistics
1913 establishments in New Jersey
Faulkner Act (mayor–council)
New Jersey Urban Enterprise Zones
Populated places established in 1913
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125783 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenilworth%2C%20New%20Jersey | Kenilworth, New Jersey | Kenilworth is a borough in Union County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the borough's population was 7,914, reflecting an increase of 239 (+3.1%) from the 7,675 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 101 (+1.3%) from the 7,574 counted in the 1990 Census.
Kenilworth was incorporated as a borough by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on May 13, 1907, from portions of Cranford and Union Township, based on the results of a referendum held on June 18, 1907.
History
In the late 1890s, the New Orange Industrial Association purchased land in Cranford and Union that was subdivided into building lots. The firm brought in several large industries and lured Upsala College from Brooklyn with an offer of cash and free land for its campus.
Because New Orange was often confused with one of The Oranges in Essex County, the name "Kenilworth" was chosen when the borough was incorporated in 1907. The name Kenilworth came from a literary society (The Kenilworth Club) which the businessmen belonged to. The Kenilworth Club was named in honor of the novel Kenilworth written in 1821 by Sir Walter Scott. The novel refers to England's Kenilworth Castle located in Kenilworth, England.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the borough had a total area of 2.15 square miles (5.57 km2), including 2.15 square miles (5.56 km2) of land and <0.01 square miles (0.01 km2) of water (0.19%).
The upper reaches of Rahway River Parkway along tributaries of the Rahway River run through the borough.
The borough is bordered to the north and east by Union Township, to the southeast by Roselle Park, to the southwest by Cranford, and to the northwest by Springfield Township.
Parks and recreation
Lenape Park is a wildlife reserve and park that is part of the Rahway River Parkway in Union County. The park also includes portions of Cranford, Springfield and Westfield.
Demographics
Census 2010
The Census Bureau's 2006-2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $76,500 (with a margin of error of +/- $8,607) and the median family income was $84,097 (+/- $6,220). Males had a median income of $58,327 (+/- $7,147) versus $42,589 (+/- $5,730) for females. The per capita income for the borough was $31,959 (+/- $2,853). About 4.0% of families and 5.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.6% of those under age 18 and 4.5% of those age 65 or over.
Census 2000
As of the 2000 United States Census there were 7,675 people, 2,854 households, and 2,117 families residing in the borough. The population density was 3,584.9 people per square mile (1,384.7/km2). There were 2,926 housing units at an average density of 1,366.7 per square mile (527.9/km2). The racial makeup of the borough was 92.30% White, 2.30% African American, 0.25% Native American, 2.88% Asian, 1.80% from other races, and 1.38% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino residents of any race were 8.64% of the population.
There were 2,854 households, out of which 28.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.4% were married couples living together, 11.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.8% were non-families. 21.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.69 and the average family size was 3.15.
In the borough the population was spread out, with 20.8% under the age of 18, 6.9% from 18 to 24, 30.8% from 25 to 44, 23.3% from 45 to 64, and 18.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.7 males.
The median income for a household in the borough was $59,929, and the median income for a family was $66,500. Males had a median income of $40,808 versus $34,698 for females. The per capita income for the borough was $24,343. About 1.9% of families and 2.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.2% of those under age 18 and 3.2% of those age 65 or over.
Economy
Companies headquartered in Kenilworth include Maingear, a privately held computer manufacturer specializing in custom gaming computers, desktops, custom laptops, media center computers and workstations, all of which are manufactured in the United States.
Merck & Co. announced plans in October 2013 to move its global headquarters from the Whitehouse Station of Readington Township, New Jersey to Kenilworth, on a site that the company had previously used as a manufacturing facility, with the relocation to be completed by 2015. The campus had been used as the global headquarters for Schering-Plough, which was acquired by Merck in 2009. In April 2020, Merck announced that it would be moving its global headquarters from Kenilworth to Rahway, New Jersey by the end of 2023.
Arts and culture
Since 2004, the Hudson Shakespeare Company has brought their Shakespeare in the Park programs to the Kenilworth Library known as the "Bard on the Boulevard". The Friends of the Kenilworth Library, with the assistance of a grant from the Union County Office of Cultural Affairs, sponsor these events.
Government
Local government
Kenilworth is governed under the Borough form of New Jersey municipal government, which is used in 218 municipalities (of the 565) statewide, making it the most common form of government in New Jersey. The governing body is comprised of the Mayor and the Borough Council, with all positions elected at-large on a partisan basis as part of the November general election. The Mayor is elected directly by the voters to a four-year term of office. The Borough Council is comprised of six members elected to serve three-year terms on a staggered basis, with two seats coming up for election each year in a three-year cycle. The Borough form of government used by Kenilworth is a "weak mayor / strong council" government in which council members act as the legislative body with the mayor presiding at meetings and voting only in the event of a tie. The mayor can veto ordinances subject to an override by a two-thirds majority vote of the council. The mayor makes committee and liaison assignments for council members, and most appointments are made by the mayor with the advice and consent of the council.
, the Mayor of Kenilworth is Democrat Linda Karlovitch, serving a four-year term of office ending December 31, 2023. Members of the Kenilworth Borough Council are Council President Fred Pugliese (R, 2023), Kay Anne Ceceri (D, 2022), Mark David (D, 2022), Joseph Finistrella (R, 2024), Scott Pentz (R, 2023), and John Zimmerman, Jr. (R, 2024).
In August 2020, the Borough Council appointed Louis DeMondo to fill the seat expiring in December 2021 that had been vacated the previous month following the resignation of Robert Schielke. In November 2020, Joseph Finistrella was elected to serve the balance of the term of office, defeating DeMondo.
In January 2020, the Borough Council appointed Daniel Lopez to fill the seat expiring in December 2020 that had been held by Linda Karlovitch until she resigned from her council seat to take office as mayor.
In May 2016, the Borough Council again appointed Scott Pentz, this time to fill the seat expiring in December 2016 that had been vacated by Brian Joho when he resigned from office.
In January 2016, the Borough Council appointed former councilmember Lawrence Clementi to fill the seat expiring in December 2017 that had been held by Anthony DeLuca, until he resigned from the council to take office as mayor; Clementi will serve on an interim basis until the November 2016 general election, when voters will choose a candidate to serve the balance of the term of office.
In July 2015, the Borough Council selected Scott Pentz from a list of three candidates nominated by the Republican municipal committee to fill the seat expiring in December 2016 that had been held by Barbara Macecsko, until she resigned from office the previous month. Pentz served on an interim basis until the November 2015 general election, when he lost to Democrat Kay Anne Ceceri, who was elected to serve the balance of the term of office.
Mayor Kathi Fiamingo resigned her position in April 2014 after being selected to serve as a tax court judge. Council President Scott Klinder was chosen by the Borough Council to fill Fiamingo's vacant mayoral seat and serve in that role until the November 2014 general election, when a successor would be chosen. Kevin Leary was then chosen to fill Klinder's vacant council seat. In the November 2014 general election, Republican Fred M. Pugliese won the special election for the remaining term through December 2015 of the mayoral seat, while Democrats Anthony DeLuca and Nicholas Mascaro won both of the council seats up for election for terms starting January 1, 2015. Richard LoForte was appointed to fill Pugliese's vacant council seat expiring in December 2015.
Mayors of Kenilworth
Federal, state and county representation
Kenilworth is located in the 7th Congressional District and is part of New Jersey's 21st state legislative district. Prior to the 2011 reapportionment following the 2010 Census, Kenilworth had been in the 20th state legislative district.
Politics
As of March 23, 2011, there were a total of 4,891 registered voters in Kenilworth, of which 1,496 (30.6% vs. 41.8% countywide) were registered as Democrats, 1,076 (22.0% vs. 15.3%) were registered as Republicans and 2,317 (47.4% vs. 42.9%) were registered as Unaffiliated. There were 2 voters registered to other parties. Among the borough's 2010 Census population, 61.8% (vs. 53.3% in Union County) were registered to vote, including 79.1% of those ages 18 and over (vs. 70.6% countywide).
In the 2012 presidential election, Republican Mitt Romney received 1,775 votes (52.6% vs. 32.3% countywide), ahead of Democrat Barack Obama with 1,535 votes (45.5% vs. 66.0%) and other candidates with 39 votes (1.2% vs. 0.8%), among the 3,376 ballots cast by the borough's 5,167 registered voters, for a turnout of 65.3% (vs. 68.8% in Union County). In the 2008 presidential election, Republican John McCain received 2,064 votes (55.5% vs. 35.2% countywide), ahead of Democrat Barack Obama with 1,564 votes (42.0% vs. 63.1%) and other candidates with 54 votes (1.5% vs. 0.9%), among the 3,721 ballots cast by the borough's 5,039 registered voters, for a turnout of 73.8% (vs. 74.7% in Union County). In the 2004 presidential election, Republican George W. Bush received 1,949 votes (54.0% vs. 40.3% countywide), ahead of Democrat John Kerry with 1,589 votes (44.0% vs. 58.3%) and other candidates with 32 votes (0.9% vs. 0.7%), among the 3,608 ballots cast by the borough's 4,927 registered voters, for a turnout of 73.2% (vs. 72.3% in the whole county).
In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 66.2% of the vote (1,357 cast), ahead of Democrat Barbara Buono with 32.1% (657 votes), and other candidates with 1.7% (35 votes), among the 2,099 ballots cast by the borough's 5,073 registered voters (50 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 41.4%. In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 1,442 votes (59.9% vs. 41.7% countywide), ahead of Democrat Jon Corzine with 759 votes (31.5% vs. 50.6%), Independent Chris Daggett with 148 votes (6.1% vs. 5.9%) and other candidates with 25 votes (1.0% vs. 0.8%), among the 2,408 ballots cast by the borough's 4,996 registered voters, yielding a 48.2% turnout (vs. 46.5% in the county).
Education
The Kenilworth Public Schools serves students in pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade. As of the 2018–19 school year, the district, comprised of two schools, had an enrollment of 1,466 students and 126.0 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 11.6:1. Schools in the district (with 2018–19 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics) are
Warren G. Harding Elementary School with 690 students in grades PreK-6 and
David Brearley Middle School / David Brearley High School with 757 students in grades 7-12.
Students from Winfield Township attend David Brearley High School as part of a sending/receiving relationship with the Winfield Township School District.
Kenilworth is home to a Roman Catholic elementary school at St. Theresa's, which was founded in 1954 and serves students in pre-school through eighth grade through the Salesians of Don Bosco.
Transportation
Roads and highways
, the borough had a total of of roadways, of which were maintained by the municipality, by Union County and by the New Jersey Department of Transportation.
Kenilworth is served by two county routes, County Route 509 (CR 509) and CR 617. CR 509 (Boulevard) runs west–east through the borough, connecting it to Cranford, Springfield and Westfield in one direction and Union and Roselle Park in the other. CR 617 (Michigan Avenue) runs north–south, connecting Union and U.S. Route 22 at its north end to Roselle Park and Route 28 at its south end. The Garden State Parkway cuts northeast–southwest through the town, with Interchange 138 at CR 509 serving much of the town's long-distance travelers.
Public transportation
NJ Transit provides bus service between Kenilworth and the Port Authority Bus Terminal in Midtown Manhattan in New York City and to New Jersey points, including the city of Elizabeth and nearby Union County College in Cranford. Local service is available on the 58 route, which is a direct descendant of Kenilworth's trolley route in the early 20th century.
The closest NJ Transit rail station is Roselle Park, less than a mile from the Kenilworth border and offering direct service into New York City's Penn Station on the Raritan Valley Line.
The Rahway Valley Railroad passed through the community but is currently out of service, the final train on the line having left the borough in April 1992. Originally established as the New York and New Orange Railroad, the line stretched from Aldene (now known as Roselle Park) to Summit. The headquarters of the railroad were located in Kenilworth, originally in Kenilworth's Victorian-style station house until that was severely damaged in a 1974 fire, after which railroad offices were moved into a trailer and then an unused railroad club car.
Newark Liberty International Airport is approximately from Kenilworth.
Notable people
People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Kenilworth include:
Tashawn Bower (born 1995), defensive end who has played in the NFL for the Minnesota Vikings.
Sam DeCavalcante (1912-1997), boss of the DeCavalcante crime family known as "Sam the Plumber", who used a Kenilworth plumbing supply business as his front operation.
John P. Gallagher (1932–2011), politician who served in the New Jersey Senate from the 13th Legislative District from 1982 to 1984.
Sheldon Karlin (1950-2000), distance runner who won the New York City Marathon in 1972.
Tony Siragusa (born 1967), Indianapolis Colts and Baltimore Ravens defensive tackle, was born and raised in Kenilworth and starred in football and wrestling for David Brearley High School.
References
External links
Kenilworth Borough website
1907 establishments in New Jersey
Borough form of New Jersey government
Boroughs in Union County, New Jersey
Populated places established in 1907 | [
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|
125784 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linden%2C%20New%20Jersey | Linden, New Jersey | Linden is a city in southeastern Union County, New Jersey, United States. It is part of the New York Metropolitan Area, located about southwest of Manhattan and bordering Staten Island, a borough of New York City, across the Arthur Kill. As of the 2020 United States Census, the city's population was 43,738.
Linden was originally formed as a township on March 4, 1861 from portions of Elizabeth, Rahway and Union Township. Portions of the township were taken to form Cranford (March 14, 1871), Linden Borough (March 30, 1882) and Roselle (December 20, 1894). Linden was incorporated as a city by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on January 1, 1925, replacing both Linden Township and Linden Borough, based on the results of a referendum held on November 8, 1923. The city's name derives from linden trees brought from Germany.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city had a total area of 11.42 square miles (29.56 km2), including 10.69 square miles (27.68 km2) of land and 0.73 square miles (1.88 km2) of water (6.37%).
Unincorporated communities, localities and place names located partially or completely within the city include Bayway, Grasselli, Morses Mill, Tremley, Vreeland Mills, Warners and Wheatsheaf.
The city borders the municipalities of Clark Township, Cranford Township, Elizabeth, Rahway, Roselle and Winfield Township in Union County; Carteret and Woodbridge Township in Middlesex County; and Staten Island in New York City across the Arthur Kill tidal strait.
Demographics
Polish and Polish-American community
Linden is a regional hub of Polish immigration and features a significant number of establishments featuring the food and culture of Poland. 13.1% of residents are of Polish origin and 15.6% of its residents five years old and above in the center of the city of Linden primarily speak the Polish language at home. The Skulski Art Gallery of the Polish Cultural Foundation of neighboring Clark has exhibited Linden-based artists. Polish-American grocery specialty shop Pulaski Meats takes up nearly a city block. Polish language services are held at two Roman Catholic churches, including at the heavily Polish parish St. Theresa of the Child Jesus Roman Catholic Church, established in the 1920s.
Linden holds an annual Polish Heritage Day Festival to showcase local Polish cuisine, pottery, dance, traditional fashion and other Polish arts for visitors.
In 2021, the mayor of Linden hosted a state visit by Poland’s president Andrzej Duda and first lady Agata Kornhauser-Duda to the Polish community in Linden.
In old pagan Slavic mythology, the tree for which the city is named, the linden tree (lipa, as called in all Slavic languages) was considered a sacred tree.
Census 2010
The Census Bureau's 2006-2010 American Community Survey shows that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $55,859 (with a margin of error of +/- $2,529) and the median family income was $64,439 (+/- $4,027). Males had a median income of $45,890 (+/- $3,397) versus $39,288 (+/- $2,842) for females. The per capita income for the borough was $27,011 (+/- $1,161). About 5.9% of families and 7.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.1% of those under age 18 and 8.1% of those age 65 or over.
Census 2000
As of the 2000 United States Census there were 39,394 people, 15,052 households, and 10,084 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,645.5 people per square mile (1,407.0/km2). There were 15,567 housing units at an average density of 1,440.6 per square mile (556.0/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 66.08% White, 22.80% African American, 0.14% Native American, 2.35% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 4.88% from other races, and 3.71% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 14.40% of the population.
There were 15,052 households, out of which 29.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.7% were married couples living together, 15.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.0% were non-families. 27.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.60 and the average family size was 3.21.
In the city the population was spread out, with 22.5% under the age of 18, 8.2% from 18 to 24, 30.4% from 25 to 44, 22.7% from 45 to 64, and 16.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.2 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $46,345, and the median income for a family was $54,903. Males had a median income of $39,457 versus $30,395 for females. The per capita income for the city was $21,314. About 5.0% of families and 6.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.1% of those under age 18 and 7.8% of those age 65 or over.
Economy
The east side of Linden is located along the Arthur Kill, a navigable strait which plays an important role in bulk cargo transportation in the Port of New York and New Jersey.
Together with Elizabeth, Linden is home to the Bayway Refinery, a Phillips 66 refining facility that helps supply petroleum-based products to the New York/New Jersey area, producing approximately , making it the second-largest on the East Coast of the United States and one of the country's 25 largest facilities.
From 1937 to 2005, Linden was home to Linden Assembly, a General Motors manufacturing plant that produced Oldsmobile, Pontiac, Buick and other GM automobiles, but also produced planes during World War II. By early 2008 most of the plant has been torn down for redevelopment by Duke Realty Corporation, which purchased the site for $76.5 million.
Linden, together with Rahway, is home to Merck & Co., one of the world's leading pharmaceutical companies. In 2003, the pharmaceutical company celebrated 100 years in Rahway and Linden.
Sunnyside section of Linden
The residential area of Linden west of St. Georges Avenue is known as Sunnyside, named for the former Sunnyfield Golf Club located in that area. It borders on Clark, Cranford and Winfield on the west and Roselle on the east.
Congregation Anshe Chesed is a Modern Orthodox synagogue in the Sunnyside section that was founded in 1914. It has a large modern building on St. Georges Avenue and its former synagogue building on Blancke Street was converted for use for community athletics.
Among the parks in the Sunnyside section is Sunnyside Park, at the corner of Summit Terrace and Edgewood Road, dubbed the “Shabbos park” by the area's Modern Orthodox community as a place where families meet on Saturday afternoons.
An eruv links the Sunnyside section of Linden to Roselle, Warinanco Park, the Jewish Educational Center of Elizabeth, and Hillside.
Parks and recreation
Hawk Rise Sanctuary is a bird sanctuary created by the City of Linden and the New Jersey Audubon Society on the banks of the Rahway River at the lower reaches of the Rahway River Parkway.
John Russell Wheeler Park is home to the Linden Skatepark for skateboarders at Winans Avenue and West Edgar Road near where Morses Creek winds through the park. Residents have complained of pollution fears further down Morses Creek where it enters the Refinery and becomes polluted. Rosehill Cemetery in Linden was drenched during Hurricane Sandy by an oil-soaked tidal surge from Bayway Refinery.
Peach Orchard Park sits at Dill Ave, Hussa St., and Cranford Ave behind School #4. It is home to Peach Orchard Brook, a tributary of Morses Creek.
Warinanco Park's Park Drive entrance connects the park to Linden.
Government
Local government
Linden is governed under the City form of government. The city is one of 15 of 565 municipalities statewide that use this traditional form of municipal government. The governing body is comprised of the mayor and the 11-member City Council. The mayor and council president are elected at-large to four-year terms of office, while the other 10 members are elected from wards to three-year terms of office on a staggered basis, with either two or four of the ward seats up for election each year in a three-year cycle.
, the Mayor of Linden is Democrat Derek Armstead, whose term of office ends December 31, 2022. Members of the City Council are:
Council President – Michele Yamakaitis (D, 2021)
First Ward – Lisa A. Ormon (D, 2021)
Second Ward – Barry E. Javick (D, 2022)
Third Ward – Monique Caldwell (D, 2022)
Fourth Ward – Alfred Mohammed (D, 2020)
Fifth Ward – Rhashonna C. Cosby (D, 2022)
Sixth Ward – John Francis Roman (D, 2020)
Seventh Ward – Ralph Strano (D, 2022)
Eighth Ward – Garnett Blaine (D, 2020; elected to serve an unexpired term)
Ninth Ward – Armando Medina (D, 2021)
Tenth Ward – Gretchen M. Hickey (D, 2020)
The 8th Ward seat expiring in December 2020 became vacant in January 2019 when Michele Yamakaitis took office as Council President. The Democratic municipal committee chose Paul Coates to fill the vacancy, but Mayor Derek Armstead sought to keep the seat vacant until the November 2019 general election. After a legal battle waged by the Linden Democratic municipal committee and its chairman Nicholas Scutari, a Superior Court judge ruled in May 2019 that Coates should be immediately seated to the council to serve until the November general election. In the November 2019 voting, Garret Blaine was elected to serve the balance of the term of office.
In November 2015, the City Council selected Ralph Strano from a list of three candidates nominated by the Democratic municipal committee to fill the Seventh Ward seat expiring in December 2016 that had been held by Mike Minarchenko until his resignation from office the previous month; Strano served on an interim basis until the November 2016 general election, when he was elected to serve the balance of the term of office.
John T. Gregorio, served as mayor of Linden for 30, non-consecutive years until December 31, 2006, and was repeatedly tagged with scandal during his mayoral career, including one felony conviction, later pardoned, which forced him from office for two terms. Gregorio returned as mayor following his conviction.
Rhashonna Cosby-Hurling, who represents the Fifth Ward, became the first African American female elected to the City Council when she took office in 2011.
Federal, state and county representation
Linden is located in the 10th Congressional District and is part of New Jersey's 22nd state legislative district. Prior to the 2010 Census, Linden had been split between the , the 10th Congressional District and the , a change made by the New Jersey Redistricting Commission that took effect in January 2013, based on the results of the November 2012 general elections.
Politics
As of March 23, 2011, there were a total of 21,494 registered voters in Linden, of which 11,831 (55.0% vs. 41.8% countywide) were registered as Democrats, 1,319 (6.1% vs. 15.3%) were registered as Republicans and 8,339 (38.8% vs. 42.9%) were registered as Unaffiliated. There were 5 voters registered to other parties. Among the city's 2010 Census population, 53.1% (vs. 53.3% in Union County) were registered to vote, including 67.9% of those ages 18 and over (vs. 70.6% countywide).
In the 2012 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 11,213 votes (73.3% vs. 66.0% countywide), ahead of Republican Mitt Romney with 3,814 votes (24.9% vs. 32.3%) and other candidates with 135 votes (0.9% vs. 0.8%), among the 15,303 ballots cast by the city's 22,753 registered voters, for a turnout of 67.3% (vs. 68.8% in Union County). In the 2008 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 10,728 votes (66.5% vs. 63.1% countywide), ahead of Republican John McCain with 5,037 votes (31.2% vs. 35.2%) and other candidates with 162 votes (1.0% vs. 0.9%), among the 16,142 ballots cast by the city's 22,266 registered voters, for a turnout of 72.5% (vs. 74.7% in Union County). In the 2004 presidential election, Democrat John Kerry received 9,222 votes (64.0% vs. 58.3% countywide), ahead of Republican George W. Bush with 4,966 votes (34.4% vs. 40.3%) and other candidates with 116 votes (0.8% vs. 0.7%), among the 14,419 ballots cast by the city's 20,596 registered voters, for a turnout of 70.0% (vs. 72.3% in the whole county).
In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Democrat Barbara Buono received 54.6% of the vote (4,255 cast), ahead of Republican Chris Christie with 43.9% (3,420 votes), and other candidates with 1.6% (123 votes), among the 8,158 ballots cast by the city's 22,416 registered voters (360 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 36.4%. In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Democrat Jon Corzine received 5,429 ballots cast (57.8% vs. 50.6% countywide), ahead of Republican Chris Christie with 3,272 votes (34.8% vs. 41.7%), Independent Chris Daggett with 452 votes (4.8% vs. 5.9%) and other candidates with 98 votes (1.0% vs. 0.8%), among the 9,390 ballots cast by the city's 21,742 registered voters, yielding a 43.2% turnout (vs. 46.5% in the county).
Education
Public schools
The Linden Public Schools serve students in pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade. As of the 2018–19 school year, the district, comprised of 11 schools, had an enrollment of 6,342 students and 561.4 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 11.3:1. Schools in the district (with 2018–19 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics) are
School No. 1 (with 431 students; in grades PreK–5),
School No. 2 (631; PreK-5),
School No. 4 (435; PreK-5),
School No. 5 (315; PreK-5),
School No. 6 (370; PreK-5),
School No. 8 (348; PreK-5),
School No. 9 (344; PreK-5),
School No. 10 (270; PreK-5),
Myles J. McManus Middle School (687; 5-8),
Joseph E. Soehl Middle School (679; 6-8) and
Linden High School (1,696; 9–12). School No. 5 was one of nine schools in New Jersey honored in 2020 by the National Blue Ribbon Schools Program, which recognizes high student achievement.
Private schools
Sinai Christian Academy serves grades Pre-K through 12th grade.
Saints Mary and Elizabeth Academy was a Catholic school serving students in Pre-K through 8th grade that operated under the auspices of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Newark until its closure at the end of the 2013–14 school year due to declining enrollment.
Transportation
Roads and highways
, the city had a total of of roadways, of which were maintained by the municipality, by Union County, by the New Jersey Department of Transportation and by the New Jersey Turnpike Authority.
The New Jersey Turnpike (Interstate 95) passes through the eastern portion of the city, with a few ramps that lead to the nearest exit (Exit 13 for I-278) which is right on the city limits with nearby Elizabeth. The city is also the western terminus of Interstate 278, which travels through all five boroughs of New York City. Linden is also served by U.S. Route 1/9 and Route 27. The Garden State Parkway passes about 500 feet west of the city limits.
Public transportation
Local public transportation is provided by NJ Transit with bus service to Elizabeth, Perth Amboy and Newark. New Jersey Transit routes 112 and 115 provide local service and interstate service to the Port Authority Bus Terminal in Midtown Manhattan, on the 48 to Elizabeth and 94 routes to Newark, and local service on the 56 and 57 routes.
The Linden train station offers service on NJ Transit's North Jersey Coast Line and the Northeast Corridor Line, northbound to Newark Penn Station, Secaucus Junction and New York Penn Station, and southbound towards the Trenton Transit Center, with connections available at those locations
Airport
Linden Airport is a small general aviation facility and reliever airport located on the eastern side of the city along U.S. Route 1/9. The airport was constructed for the United States Navy in 1942 for use in development and testing of the Grumman F4F Wildcat and was taken over by the City of Linden after World War II. Newark Liberty International Airport is approximately 15 minutes away. The airport also served as a temporary road racing course in 1954 when Al Keller won a race in the then-NASCAR Grand National Division (now known as the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series).[3]
Arts and culture
Raymond Wood Bauer Promenade is the home of outdoor concerts and other performing arts in Linden. Live bands play R&B, funk and jazz at several live performance venues, and late R&B and jazz vocalist Linda Hayes, who played with the well-known Platters (of which her brother was lead singer) was from Linden.
Catholic-born artist Thomas Lanigan-Schmidt grew up in poverty in 1950s and 60s Linden. Openly gay, he recently had a career retrospective on his exploration of "gay sexuality, class struggle, and religion" in his art at MoMA PS1, and is also known for being photographed as a youth at the Stonewall Riots. Lanigan-Schmidt worked as a 1960s Linden youth doing "odd jobs to help support his family and was bullied by high school thugs," moving to New York City as a young man. As a child in 1950s Linden, after Lanigan-Schmidt was assigned to decorate the school bulletin board in his Catholic elementary school, he built a detailed model of a church altar. The impressive model was featured in a local paper while Lanigan-Schmidt was a student at St. Elizabeth School at 170 Hussa Street. The school closed in 2014; it is a part of the campus of St. Elizabeth of Hungary Roman Catholic Church in Linden.
One of the artists from New Jersey hardcore (now LA-based) punk hip-hop group Ho99o9 (pronounced "Horror"), theOGM, has Linden roots.
1910 Fruitgum Company, a bubblegum pop band from the 1960s, was formed by five Linden residents.
De Luxe Records (later DeLuxe Records) was a record company and label formed in 1944 in Linden, New Jersey, and is known for its famed R&B and early rock recordings.
In the mid-20th century, Linden was the headquarters for the Regal Records, as well as the budget record label Springboard International Records later in the century. Transco, before acquisition by Apollo, made sound recording industry acetate discs (also called acetate blanks, dubplates or lacquers) out of Linden.
The Linden Cultural and Heritage Committee exists to bring entertainment events to area residents such as craft bazaars, street fairs, concerts, and plays, and the Linden Society for Historic Preservation works to preserve the history of the city.
Linden was chosen as the primary filming location for Volume 2 of the streetball video series, AND1 Mixtapes. One of the original five streetballers to sign with AND1, Waliyy Dixon, a Linden native who also goes by the nickname "Main Event," helped host a night of basketball at 4th Ward Park that claimed attendance by 2,000 spectators.
Several scenes from the 2008 Mickey Rourke film The Wrestler, later nominated for several Academy Awards, were filmed in Linden.
Hal Linden, the stage and screen actor, television director and musician best known as the star of the ABC TV series Barney Miller, based his stage name on the city's name, after seeing the word "Linden" on a water tower while heading from Philadelphia to perform in New York City.
Notable people
People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Linden include:
Tiffany Andrade (born 1985), Miss New Jersey USA 2008 & 2nd runner-up to Miss USA 2008.
Amelia Brodka (born 1989), Olympic athlete and professional skateboarder.
Deidre Davis Butler (1955-2020), lawyer, disability rights activist and federal official.
Kevin Carolan (born 1968), actor and comedian.
John Charles (born 1944), former cornerback and safety who played eight seasons in the National Football League.
Nick Christiani (born 1987), former baseball pitcher who played for the Cincinnati Reds.
Jerome A. Cohen (born 1930), professor of law at New York University School of Law and an expert in Chinese law.
George Thomas Coker (born 1943), United States Navy navigator who spent over six years as a POW after being shot down over North Vietnam in 1966.
Danny Dias (c. 1983–2017), activist and reality television personality who starred on season 13 on MTV's Road Rules, Road Rules: X-Treme, in 2004.
Tamecka Dixon (born 1975), professional basketball player who played for 13 seasons in the WNBA.
Waliyy Dixon (born 1974), aka "Main Event" on the AND1 Mixtape Tour; one of the original players on the famous AND1-sponsored streetball tours.
Carolyn Dorin-Ballard (born 1964), professional bowler and TV bowling analyst, USBC Hall of Famer.
Cathy Dorin-Lizzi (born 1966), professional bowler and TV bowling analyst, sister of Carolyn.
Calvin Duncan (born 1961), pastor and former professional basketball player who was selected by the Cleveland Cavaliers in the second round (30th pick overall) of 1985 NBA Draft.
John T. Gregorio (1928−2013), politician who served as mayor of Linden, in the New Jersey General Assembly from 1976 to 1978 and in the New Jersey Senate from 1978 to 1983.
Linda Hayes (born 1923 as Bertha Williams), jazz and R&B singer.
George Hudak (1935–1996), politician who represented the 20th Legislative District in the New Jersey General Assembly from 1986 to 1994 and was mayor of Linden from 1983 to 1987.
Eddie Kasko (born 1932), former infielder, manager, scout and front office executive in Major League Baseball.
Thomas Lanigan-Schmidt (born 1948), artist and veteran of the Stonewall riots.
Mike Nardi (born 1985), basketball player who has played for Scavolini Spar Pesaro in the Italian League – Serie A.
Vincent Obsitnik (born 1938), Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to the Slovak Republic.
Mike Pringley (born 1976), former American football defensive end who played in the NFL for the Detroit Lions and San Diego Chargers.
Giovanni Riggi (1925–2015), mobster and member of the DeCavalcante crime family since the 1940s.
Jon Rua (born 1983), actor, singer and choreographer who appeared in the Broadway hit Hamilton.
Nicholas Scutari (born 1968), politician, who has been serving in the New Jersey Senate since 2004, where he represents the 22nd Legislative District.
Danny Stiles (1923–2011), radio personality at WNYC, WNSW, WJDM and WPAT in the New York City market.
Troy Stradford (born 1964), former running back who played for six seasons in the NFL.
Joseph Suliga (1958–2005), former member of the New Jersey Senate who was the youngest person ever elected to the Linden Public Schools Board of Education, at the age of 19.
Craig Taylor (born 1966), former running back for the Cincinnati Bengals.
Chester A. Weidenburner (1913-1985), lawyer and judge who served as U.S. Attorney for the District of New Jersey and as a Judge of the New Jersey Superior Court.
Muhammad Wilkerson (born 1989), defensive end who has played for the New York Jets.
Robert Zarinsky (1940–2008), convicted murderer and suspected serial killer.
1910 Fruitgum Company's original members Frank Jeckell, Mark Gutkowski, Floyd Marcus, Pat Karwan and Steve Mortkowitz.
References
External links
Linden website
1861 establishments in New Jersey
Cities in Union County, New Jersey
City form of New Jersey government
Populated places established in 1861 | [
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125785 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountainside%2C%20New%20Jersey | Mountainside, New Jersey | Mountainside is a borough in Union County, New Jersey, United States. The borough is located on a ridge in northern-central New Jersey, within the Raritan Valley and Rahway Valley regions in the New York metropolitan area. As of the 2010 United States Census, the borough's population was 6,685, reflecting an increase of 83 (+1.3%) from the 6,602 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn declined by 55 (-0.8%) from the 6,657 counted in the 1990 Census.
Mountainside was incorporated as a borough on September 25, 1895, from portions of Westfield Township, based on the results of a referendum held the previous day.
New Jersey Monthly magazine ranked Mountainside as its 16th best place to live in its 2008 rankings of the "Best Places To Live" in New Jersey, as well as eighth in the 2010 list.
History
In 1958, part of a Nike missile battery (NY-73) was installed, with the missile launchers themselves in Mountainside while the radar station was installed in Berkeley Heights. It remained in operation until 1963. Remnants of the control site are located adjacent to Governor Livingston High School, while the part of Watchung Reservation that was cleared in order to accommodate the missile launchers became the Watchung Stables.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the borough had a total area of 4.04 square miles (10.47 km2), including 4.00 square miles (10.35 km2) of land and 0.05 square miles (0.12 km2) of water (1.11%).
Mountainside is bordered by the Union County municipalities of Summit to the north, by Springfield Township to the east, by Westfield to the south and by Berkeley Heights and Scotch Plains to the west.
Demographics
Census 2010
The Census Bureau's 2006-2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $116,210 (with a margin of error of +/- $22,182) and the median family income was $135,086 (+/- $14,679). Males had a median income of $95,030 (+/- $9,312) versus $58,818 (+/- $8,974) for females. The per capita income for the borough was $52,844 (+/- $5,530). About 1.5% of families and 3.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.1% of those under age 18 and 8.1% of those age 65 or over.
Census 2000
As of the 2000 United States Census there were 6,602 people, 2,434 households, and 1,925 families residing in the borough. The population density was 1,640.8 people per square mile (634.1/km2). There were 2,478 housing units at an average density of 615.8 per square mile (238.0/km2). The racial makeup of the borough was 95.09% White, 0.94% African American, 0.09% Native American, 2.80% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 0.27% from other races, and 0.74% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.01% of the population.
There were 2,434 households, out of which 29.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 71.9% were married couples living together, 5.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 20.9% were non-families. 17.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.60 and the average family size was 2.95.
In the borough the population was spread out, with 21.1% under the age of 18, 3.8% from 18 to 24, 22.9% from 25 to 44, 27.3% from 45 to 64, and 24.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 46 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.1 males.
The median income for a household in the borough was $97,195, and the median income for a family was $105,773. Males had a median income of $78,595 versus $52,667 for females. The per capita income for the borough was $47,474. About 2.0% of families and 3.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 1.9% of those under age 18 and 2.9% of those age 65 or over.
Government
Local government
Mountainside is governed by a Mayor-Council form of government as authorized through the Option Municipal Charter Law (commonly called the Faulkner Act). The township is one of 71 municipalities (of the 565) statewide that use this form of government. The governing body is comprised of the Mayor and the six-member Borough Council. Under this form of local government, the Mayor is elected for a term of four years and there is a Borough Council comprised of six members, each elected for three-year terms, with two seats coming up for election each year in a three-year cycle. Both the Mayor and Borough Council are elected at-large, that is, to represent the entire community. Elections for all officials in Mountainside are conducted on a partisan basis during the November General Election.
, the mayor of Mountainside is Republican Paul N. Mirabelli, whose term of office ends on December 31, 2023. Members of the Borough Council are Council President Keith C. Turner (R, 2020), Deanna Andre (R, 2020), René Dierkes (R, 2022), Robert W. Messler (R, 2021), Donna Pacifico (R, 2022) and Rachel Pater (R, 2021).
Federal, state and county representation
Mountainside is located in the 7th Congressional District and is part of New Jersey's 21st state legislative district.
Politics
As of March 23, 2011, there were a total of 4,744 registered voters in Mountainside, of which 1,201 (25.3% vs. 41.8% countywide) were registered as Democrats, 1,568 (33.1% vs. 15.3%) were registered as Republicans and 1,974 (41.6% vs. 42.9%) were registered as Unaffiliated. There was one voter registered to another party. Among the borough's 2010 Census population, 71.0% (vs. 53.3% in Union County) were registered to vote, including 92.5% of those ages 18 and over (vs. 70.6% countywide).
In the 2012 presidential election, Republican Mitt Romney received 2,100 votes (59.2% vs. 32.3% countywide), ahead of Democrat Barack Obama with 1,401 votes (39.5% vs. 66.0%) and other candidates with 30 votes (0.8% vs. 0.8%), among the 3,548 ballots cast by the borough's 4,940 registered voters, for a turnout of 71.8% (vs. 68.8% in Union County). In the 2008 presidential election, Republican John McCain received 2,331 votes (60.0% vs. 35.2% countywide), ahead of Democrat Barack Obama with 1,500 votes (38.6% vs. 63.1%) and other candidates with 33 votes (0.8% vs. 0.9%), among the 3,888 ballots cast by the borough's 4,911 registered voters, for a turnout of 79.2% (vs. 74.7% in Union County). In the 2004 presidential election, Republican George W. Bush received 2,215 votes (58.0% vs. 40.3% countywide), ahead of Democrat John Kerry with 1,561 votes (40.8% vs. 58.3%) and other candidates with 31 votes (0.8% vs. 0.7%), among the 3,822 ballots cast by the borough's 4,796 registered voters, for a turnout of 79.7% (vs. 72.3% in the whole county).
In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 69.9% of the vote (1,595 cast), ahead of Democrat Barbara Buono with 29.0% (661 votes), and other candidates with 1.1% (26 votes), among the 2,320 ballots cast by the borough's 4,860 registered voters (38 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 47.7%. In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 1,754 votes (61.8% vs. 41.7% countywide), ahead of Democrat Jon Corzine with 842 votes (29.6% vs. 50.6%), Independent Chris Daggett with 204 votes (7.2% vs. 5.9%) and other candidates with 17 votes (0.6% vs. 0.8%), among the 2,840 ballots cast by the borough's 4,827 registered voters, yielding a 58.8% turnout (vs. 46.5% in the county).
Education
The Mountainside School District serves public school students in pre-kindergarten through eighth grade. As of the 2017–18 school year, the district, comprised of two schools, had an enrollment of 736 students and 66.1 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 11.1:1. Schools in the district (with 2017-18 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics) are
Beechwood School with 239 students in grades PreK-2 and
Deerfield School with 490 students in grades 3–8.
Public school students in ninth through twelfth grades attend Governor Livingston High School in Berkeley Heights, as part of a sending/receiving relationship with the Berkeley Heights Public Schools that is covered by an agreement that runs through the end of 2021–22 school year. As of the 2017–18 school year, the high school had an enrollment of 1,024 students and 90.7 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 11.3:1.
Students also have the choice to attend the programs of the Union County Vocational Technical Schools, which serve students from across Union County.
Emergency medical services
Emergency Medical Services for the borough of Mountainside is provided by the Mountainside Rescue Squad during nights and weekends. Weekday daytime coverage is provided by Atlantic Ambulance EMS. Atlantic Ambulance also has a paramedic unit stationed in Mountainside.
Transportation
Roads and highways
, the borough had a total of of roadways, of which were maintained by the municipality, by Union County and by the New Jersey Department of Transportation.
U.S. Route 22 and Interstate 78 are the main highways running through Mountainside.
Public transportation
NJ Transit Bus Operations routes 114 and 117 provide service to the Port Authority Bus Terminal in Midtown Manhattan in New York City while routes 65 and 66 travel to Downtown Newark, all making local stops at points in proximate communities. An early use of bus rapid transit in New Jersey, a BBS (bus bypass shoulder, originally called a BOS or bus on shoulder lane) has been in operation for many years. Unlike most municipalities along Route 22, zoning in Mountainside does not allow for much commercial development adjacent to the freeway. For a one-mile stretch in the town, the eastbound shoulder on the arterial road can be used for peak hour buses. In 2012, the New Jersey Department of Transportation (NJDOT) regulated the BBS as an exclusive bus lane from 6 to 7:30am. In 2009, NJDOT funded construction of two bus turnouts along the road in nearby Union.
Newark Liberty International Airport is approximately east of Mountainside.
NJ Transit rail service is accessible via Summit station, and it has frequent direct service to New York Penn Station. The station is located around from the center of Mountainside, and Westfield station, which is about away, is also nearby.
Notable people
People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Mountainside include:
Erika Amato (born 1969), singer and actress who was a founding member of the band Velvet Chain.
John W. Campbell (1910-1971), science fiction writer who was editor of Astounding Science Fiction from 1937 until his death.
Bob Clotworthy (born 1931), diver who won the bronze medal at his Olympic debut in 1952 in Helsinki, Finland in the men's springboard event, followed by the gold medal, four years later in Melbourne, Australia in the same event.
Laurie Collyer (born 1967), film director, best known for Sherrybaby.
Angelo DeCarlo (1902–1973), member of the New York Genovese crime family.
Harry Devlin (born 1918), cartoonist for magazines such as Collier's Weekly.
Ina Golub (1938-2015), fiber artist who specialized in Judaica.
Charles J. Irwin (1930–2005), politician who served in the New Jersey General Assembly from the 9th at-large district from 1968 to 1971.
Bitty Schram (born 1968), actress who appeared on Monk.
Dale Torborg (born 1971), conditioning coordinator for the Chicago White Sox and former professional wrestler best known for his time in World Championship Wrestling.
Jeff Torborg (born 1941), former Major League Baseball player and manager.
Hela Yungst (1950-2002), television entertainer and beauty pageant winner.
Gallery
References
External links
Mountainside Borough website
1895 establishments in New Jersey
Boroughs in Union County, New Jersey
Faulkner Act (mayor–council)
Populated places established in 1895 | [
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|
125786 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20Providence%2C%20New%20Jersey | New Providence, New Jersey | New Providence is a borough on the northwestern edge of Union County, New Jersey, United States. It is located on the Passaic River, which forms the county boundary with Morris County bordering Chatham Township. As of the 2010 United States Census, the population was 12,171, reflecting an increase of 264 (+2.2%) from the 11,907 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 468 (+4.1%) from the 11,439 counted in the 1990 Census.
The borough is home to much of the Murray Hill neighborhood with the remainder lying in neighboring Berkeley Heights. Service on the NJ Transit is available at the New Providence and Murray Hill stations. More than 9% of New Providence's land is publicly-owned and protected parkland.
History
The written history of New Providence begins in 1664 when James, Duke of York and brother to King Charles II, purchased the land that became known as the Elizabethtown Tract from the Lenape Native Americans. Its first European settlers were members of a Puritan colony established in 1720, which was the first permanent settlement of its type. The settlement was originally called "Turkey" or "Turkey Town", due to the presence of wild turkeys in the area.
The Presbyterian Church established in 1737 was a focal point for the community, and the lack of serious injuries when the church's balcony collapsed in 1759 was deemed to be an example of Divine intervention, leading residents to change the area's name to New Providence.
According to local tradition, George Washington spent the night in a local home, which still stands to this day. Supposedly, the local stream, Salt Brook, is named for an incident when the salt supply of the colonial village was dumped into the brook to prevent passing British soldiers from taking it. Ironically, the British Army never crossed the Watchung Mountains into this region. Salt Brook winds through town, starting near the eponymous Salt Brook Elementary School.
On April 14, 1794, Springfield Township was formed, which included the present-day township, along with the towns of Summit, New Providence, and Berkeley Heights. Growth continued in the area, and on November 8, 1809, New Providence Township was formed from within Springfield Township. It included what is now Summit, New Providence, and Berkeley Heights. On March 23, 1869, Summit withdrew from the New Providence Township and reincorporated as a township without any other town.
On March 14, 1899, New Providence also withdrew from New Providence Township and was reincorporated as a borough. With Boroughitis sweeping across the state, many communities within townships were reverting to small, locally governed communities (mostly reincorporating as boroughs) due to acts of the New Jersey Legislature that made it economically advantageous for communities so do so. New Providence Township was renamed to Berkeley Heights as of November 6, 1951.
The cultivation of roses played an important role in the local economy in the 1900s.
New Providence had long been a semi-dry town, under which there were no bars and no restaurants permitted to sell alcoholic beverages. Retail liquor sales were legal and restaurant-goers may bring their own alcoholic beverages. In 2011, the borough announced that it was considering issuing on-premises liquor licenses, which could bring in as much as $500,000 for each bar granted a license, with plans to use the money raised to pay for improvements to recreation areas. Liquor licenses were granted in 2015 to a pair of restaurants, ending a 100-year period in which the borough had no on-premises liquor licenses.
The 2011 film Win Win is set at New Providence High School, having been written by Tom McCarthy and Joe Tiboni, two former students at the school.
Landmarks
Nokia Bell Labs, formerly known as Bell Telephone Laboratories, is located in the New Providence neighborhood of Murray Hill. Researchers at this facility were credited with the development of radio astronomy, the transistor, the laser, the photovoltaic cell and other advances in technology. Nine Nobel Prizes have been awarded for work completed at this facility.
The Presbyterian Church is a large, white, historic church in the center of town.
The Village Shopping Center is a shopping center that takes up the majority of downtown New Providence.
New Providence School District currently links together the computer networks of its buildings by using a wireless LAN which includes Yagi antennas at two towers by the large copper pyramid-shaped roof.
Our Lady of Peace is a Roman Catholic church and school located on South Street. The parking lot at OLP becomes the home of the town's OLP fair, held for three days each spring, complete with rides, games, food, and an indoor auction/junk fest.
The Salt Box Museum, located at 1350 Springfield Avenue, is an 18th-century farmhouse owned by the New Providence Historical Society.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, New Providence borough had a total area of 3.71 square miles (9.61 km2), including 3.69 square miles (9.55 km2) of land and 0.02 square miles (0.05 km2) of water (0.57%).
New Providence is bordered by Berkeley Heights to the southwest and south, and by Summit to the east in Union County; and to the north by Chatham Township, across the Passaic River, in Morris County.
Much of the Murray Hill neighborhood lies in New Providence, with the remainder in Berkeley Heights; Other unincorporated communities, localities and place names within the borough include Tall Oaks, Johnsons Bridge and West Summit.
The borough lies on the western slope of Second Watchung Mountain. There are several creek beds carved into the landscape, most of which are forks and branches of Salt Brook. These creeks join together near the center of town then flow into the Passaic River, along the banks of which Passaic River Parkway is found. Over nine percent of New Providence's land area is permanently protected, publicly owned parkland. Most of this land is wooded floodplain adjacent to the Passaic. Union County owns much of the riverfront parkland and New Providence owns the remainder. There are several borough-owned parks that bracket Salt Brook, including Veterans Memorial Park on South Street, Lions Park on Livingston Avenue, and Clearwater Park near the end of Central Avenue.
Demographics
Census 2010
The Census Bureau's 2006-2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $113,542 (with a margin of error of +/- $12,769) and the median family income was $144,837 (+/- $13,137). Males had a median income of $103,237 (+/- $7,256) versus $60,029 (+/- $10,693) for females. The per capita income for the borough was $53,564 (+/- $3,739). About 3.2% of families and 4.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.1% of those under age 18 and 0.9% of those age 65 or over.
Census 2000
As of the 2000 United States Census there were 11,907 people, 4,404 households, and 3,307 families residing in New Providence. The population density was 3,236.9 people per square mile (1,249.3/km2). There were 4,485 housing units at an average density of 1,219.2 per square mile (470.6/km2). The racial makeup of the borough was 89.77% White, 0.88% African American, 0.03% Native American, 7.60% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.68% from other races, and 1.01% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.50% of the population.
There were 4,404 households, out of which 37.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 66.3% were married couples living together, 6.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.9% were non-families. 21.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.67 and the average family size was 3.13.
In New Providence the population was spread out, with 26.3% under the age of 18, 4.0% from 18 to 24, 31.0% from 25 to 44, 23.3% from 45 to 64, and 15.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.3 males.
The median income for a household in the borough was $90,964, and the median income for a family was $105,013. Males had a median income of $72,926 versus $46,948 for females. The per capita income for the borough was $42,995. About 1.3% of families and 1.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 1.0% of those under age 18 and 2.0% of those age 65 or over.
Government
Local government
New Providence is governed under the Borough form of New Jersey municipal government, which is used in 218 municipalities (of the 565) statewide, making it the most common form of government in New Jersey. The governing body is comprised of the Mayor and the Borough Council, with all positions elected at-large on a partisan basis as part of the November general election. The Mayor is elected directly by the voters to a four-year term of office. The Borough Council is comprised of six members elected to serve three-year terms on a staggered basis, with two seats coming up for election each year in a three-year cycle. The Borough form of government used by New Providence is a "weak mayor / strong council" government in which council members act as the legislative body with the mayor presiding at meetings and voting only in the event of a tie. The mayor can veto ordinances subject to an override by a two-thirds majority vote of the council. The mayor makes committee and liaison assignments for council members, and most appointments are made by the mayor with the advice and consent of the council.
, the Mayor of New Providence is Republican Allen B. Morgan, whose term of office ends December 31, 2022. Members of the New Providence Borough Council are Council President Nadine Geoffroy (R, 2023), Diane Bilicska (R, 2022), Matthew Cumiskey (R, 2024), Peter DeSarno (R, 2024), Lisa McKnight (R, 2023),and Robert Muñoz (R, 2022).
Federal, state, and county representation
New Providence is located in the 7th Congressional District and is part of New Jersey's 21st state legislative district.
Politics
As of October 18, 2020, there were a total of 10,016 registered voters in New Providence, of which 3,033 (30.28% vs. 48.2% countywide) were registered as Democrats, 3,010 (30.05% vs. 15.2%) were registered as Republicans and 3,910 (39.03% vs. 35.3%) were registered as Unaffiliated. There were 63 voters registered to other parties. Among the borough's 2010 Census population, 82.3% (vs. 53.3% in Union County) were registered to vote, including 89.5% of those ages 18 and over (vs. 70.6% countywide).
In the 2016 presidential election, Democrat Hillary Clinton received 3,084 votes, ahead of Republican Donald Trump who had 2,517 votes, with others getting 261 votes; this is the first time in recent years that a Democrat carried New Providence in the past four elections. In the 2012 presidential election, Republican Mitt Romney received 3,267 votes (53.7% vs. 32.3% countywide), ahead of Democrat Barack Obama with 2,726 votes (44.8% vs. 66.0%) and other candidates with 68 votes (1.1% vs. 0.8%), among the 6,080 ballots cast by the borough's 8,493 registered voters, for a turnout of 71.6% (vs. 68.8% in Union County). In the 2008 presidential election, Republican John McCain received 3,367 votes (52.8% vs. 35.2% countywide), ahead of Democrat Barack Obama with 2,914 votes (45.7% vs. 63.1%) and other candidates with 64 votes (1.0% vs. 0.9%), among the 6,372 ballots cast by the borough's 8,086 registered voters, for a turnout of 78.8% (vs. 74.7% in Union County). In the 2004 presidential election, Republican George W. Bush received 3,443 votes (55.5% vs. 40.3% countywide), ahead of Democrat John Kerry with 2,674 votes (43.1% vs. 58.3%) and other candidates with 52 votes (0.8% vs. 0.7%), among the 6,202 ballots cast by the borough's 7,801 registered voters, for a turnout of 79.5% (vs. 72.3% in the whole county).
In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 71.3% of the vote (2,468 cast), ahead of Democrat Barbara Buono with 27.0% (935 votes), and other candidates with 1.7% (60 votes), among the 3,516 ballots cast by the borough's 8,298 registered voters (53 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 42.4%. In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 2,559 votes (58.8% vs. 41.7% countywide), ahead of Democrat Jon Corzine with 1,361 votes (31.3% vs. 50.6%), Independent Chris Daggett with 393 votes (9.0% vs. 5.9%) and other candidates with 21 votes (0.5% vs. 0.8%), among the 4,351 ballots cast by the borough's 7,961 registered voters, yielding a 54.7% turnout (vs. 46.5% in the county).
Education
The New Providence School District serves students in public school for pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade. As of the 2018–19 school year, the district, comprised of four schools, had an enrollment of 2,420 students and 183.8 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 13.2:1. Schools in the district (with 2018–19 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics) are
Allen W. Roberts Elementary School with 702 students in grades PreK-6,
Salt Brook Elementary School with 650 students in grades K-6,
New Providence Middle School with 411 students in grades 7-8 and
New Providence High School with 625 students in grades 9-12. The middle school and high school share a common building and some of the same facilities (art rooms, auditorium, east wing, west wing, gyms, music rooms, TV production room, cafeteria).
During the 2007–08 school year, New Providence Middle School was recognized with the National Blue Ribbon School Award of Excellence by the United States Department of Education, the highest award an American school can receive. The district's high school was the top-ranked public high school in New Jersey out of 328 schools statewide in New Jersey Monthly magazine's September 2012 cover story on the state's "Top Public High Schools", after being ranked 5th in 2010 out of 322 schools listed.
Serving students in PreK-3 through Grade 8, The Academy of Our Lady of Peace is accredited by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools and operates under the auspices of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Newark. The school was one of eight private schools recognized in 2017 by the National Blue Ribbon Schools Program as an Exemplary High Performing School by the United States Department of Education.
Transportation
Roads and highways
, the borough had a total of of roadways, of which were maintained by the municipality and by Union County.
No state, U.S. or Interstate highways directly serve New Providence. The most prominent road through the borough is County Route 512 known as Springfield Avenue.
Public transportation
Service on the NJ Transit Gladstone Branch of the Morris & Essex Lines is available at the New Providence station and Murray Hill station, offering service to Hoboken Terminal and to Penn Station in Midtown Manhattan. Two Gladstone Branch trains each weekday morning offer one-seat rides to Manhattan, and two evening trains leave New York and stop at both of New Providence's stations on the way to Gladstone. All other rail service is to or from Hoboken. These trains connect at Summit or Newark Broad Street with Manhattan-bound trains.
New Jersey Transit offer local bus service on the 986 route.
Lakeland Bus Lines offers weekday rush hour service from stops along Springfield Avenue to New York's Port Authority Bus Terminal.
Newark Liberty International Airport is approximately east of New Providence.
Economy
Companies based in New Providence include the publishers Martindale-Hubbell and R. R. Bowker.
Community activities
People and local businesses in New Providence active in organizing community activities.
In 2017, a first annual Carved Pumpkin Contest was organized.
In 2016 and 2017, Scarecrow Contest was organized.
Notable people
People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with New Providence include:
Andrew Fastow (born 1961), convicted CFO of Enron, went to NPHS and grew up in New Providence on the same street as the Allen W. Roberts Elementary School.
Mike Ferguson (born 1970), politician who served as member of the United States House of Representatives from New Jersey's 7th congressional district from 2001 to 2009.
Jeff Grob, drummer of the 1970s rock band Looking Glass, was born and raised in New Providence and is a current resident.
Michael Hawley (1961–2020), academic and artist working in the field of digital media.
Carroll N. Jones III (born 1944), artist in the style of American realism.
Syd Kitson (born 1958), former professional American football guard who played in the NFL for the Green Bay Packers and the Dallas Cowboys.
Andrew Lewis (born 1974), professional soccer player for the MetroStars and the Chicago Fire.
Tom McCarthy (born 1966), actor in Meet the Parents, Good Night, and Good Luck who was director of the indie film The Station Agent. He won the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay co-writing Up (2009) and then again writing Spotlight (2015) which also won the Academy Award for Best Picture.
Gerald Polci, former concert/jazz band teacher at New Providence Middle School (not a resident) and former drummer of The Four Seasons. Polci famously sang lead on December, 1963 (Oh, What a Night).
Elias Riggs (1810-1901), Presbyterian missionary known for his work in the Ottoman Empire.
Scott Rivkees, Surgeon General of Florida from June 2019 to September 2021.
Rat Skates (born 1961 as Lee Kundrat), filmmaker, writer and musician most notable for being a founding member and the original drummer of the thrash metal band, Overkill.
D. D. Verni (born 1961), bass player and founding member of the thrash metal band, Overkill.
Gideon A. Weed (1833-1905), physician who served two terms as mayor of Seattle, Washington.
Gallery
References
External links
1899 establishments in New Jersey
Borough form of New Jersey government
Boroughs in Union County, New Jersey
Populated places established in 1899 | [
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|
125787 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rahway%2C%20New%20Jersey | Rahway, New Jersey | Rahway is a city in southern Union County, New Jersey, United States. It is part of the New York metropolitan area, southwest of Manhattan and west of Staten Island.
Built on the navigable Rahway River, it was an industrial and artisanal craft city for much of its history. The city has increasingly reinvented itself in recent years as a diverse regional hub for the arts.
As of the 2010 United States Census, the city's population was 27,346, reflecting an increase of 846 (+3.2%) from the 26,500 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 1,175 (+4.6%) from the 25,325 counted in the 1990 Census.
History
Indigenous presence
Rahway and the surrounding area were once the home of the Lenni Lenape Native Americans, and tradition states that the city was named after Rahwack (or Ra-wa-rah), a local tribal chief.
English colonization
Formal European colonization began in 1664 with the purchase by the English from the Lenape of the Elizabethtown Tract, which encompassed lands from the mouth of the Raritan River and included all of present-day Union County as well as parts of Somerset, Middlesex, Morris and Essex counties. The early settlers of Elizabethtown and Woodbridge were the founders of Rahway which began as outlying acreage and plantations. The Seventeenth Century Clark House is one of the oldest buildings in the state.
By the 18th century, Rahway consisted of four distinct communities: Upper Rahway, Bridge Town, or Lower Rahway, Leesville, and Milton.
Revolutionary War and the Battle of Spanktown
Rahway saw action during the American Revolutionary War because of its proximity to Staten Island, Elizabethtown and Perth Amboy. In January 1777, rebels were victorious against the British in the Battle of Spanktown, which resulted in the death of some 100 British troops. The battle was named this after Rahway's original name given to it by the first settlers, Spanktown, which is said to have been chosen "because an early settler publicly took his spouse across his knee and chastised her". Spanktown was mentioned in Revolutionary War military dispatches from 5 January 1777 through 14 March 1782.
The Merchants' and Drovers' Tavern resides at the corner of St. Georges and Westfield Avenues. The earliest buildings at the site date to 1795 and the property remains one of Rahway's most prominent historical landmarks. George Washington visited Rahway during his travel to New York City prior to his presidential inauguration in 1789. A marker across the street from the tavern reads:
Here, on April 23, 1789, on his way to New York City, Washington was received by troops from Elizabethtown and Newark. He was entertained at the inn kept by Samuel Smith by gentlemen of the town.
Following the Revolution, Rahway became the home of the first national mint to create a coin bearing the inscription E pluribus unum. A United States Post Office established in Rahway was one of only six in the entire state in 1791.
Various historical markers in town can be visited to read about Rahway Revolutionary War history.
Stagecoach era and corporate growth
Rahway grew due to its location along the major stagecoach and railroad lines between New York City and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The navigable Rahway River, which flows through the city, also aided the city's commercial growth.
As immigrants from Britain, Ireland and Germany streamed into what was then Rahway Township in the 1850s, Rahway became incorporated as a city by an act of the State Legislature on April 19, 1858, from portions of Rahway Township in Union and Woodbridge Township in Middlesex County. In 1860, the portion of Rahway that had been part of Middlesex County was transferred to Union. On March 13, 1861, the remainder of Rahway Township became part of Rahway City. Clark Township was formed from portions of the city on March 23, 1864.
The first municipal elections for the mayor and council were conducted on April 19, 1858, and the council held its first meeting on May 3, 1858. The city's police department and its initial group of four constables were created at that first council meeting.
The city became home to dozens of major manufacturers, including the Regina Music Box Company, Wheatena, Mershon Bros. and, most importantly, Merck & Co., which was established in Rahway in 1903, when George Merck moved his small chemical company to Rahway from New York City. The company remained in Rahway through the presidency of George W. Merck and after.
Postwar era
The national decline in industry after World War II led to the closure of most of Rahway's major manufacturing facilities (except for Merck) and a general deterioration of the city's central business district.
Revitalization
Beginning in the late 1990s, the city launched a plan to revitalize the downtown area and authorized the construction of hundreds of new market-rate housing units, a hotel, art galleries and additional retail space.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city had a total area of 4.04 square miles (10.47 km2), including 3.90 square miles (10.09 km2) of land and 0.15 square miles (0.38 km2) of water (3.59%).
Rahway is bordered by the municipalities of Clark to the northwest and Linden to the northeast in Union County; and by Woodbridge Township to the south in Middlesex County.
The Rahway River travels through Rahway, entering from Clark at Rahway River Parkway. The river receives the waters of Robinsons Branch at Elizabeth Avenue between West Grand Avenue and West Main Street, and then receives the waters of the South Branch at East Hazlewood Avenue and Leesville Avenue. The river leaves Rahway at the city limits of Linden and Woodbridge before flowing into the Arthur Kill.
Unincorporated communities, localities and place names located partially or completely within the city include Inman Heights and North Rahway.
Climate
The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Rahway has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.
Demographics
Census 2010
The Census Bureau's 2006-2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $58,551 (with a margin of error of +/- $3,355) and the median family income was $77,268 (+/- $9,506). Males had a median income of $56,572 (+/- $3,375) versus $47,832 (+/- $3,542) for females. The per capita income for the city was $28,855 (+/- $1,981). About 5.4% of families and 8.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.9% of those under age 18 and 9.4% of those age 65 or over.
Census 2000
As of the 2000 United States Census there were 26,500 people, 10,028 households, and 6,728 families residing in the city. The population density was 6,642.7 people per square mile (2,564.3/km2). There were 10,381 housing units at an average density of 2,602.2 per square mile (1,004.5/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 60.19% White, 27.07% African American, 0.16% Native American, 3.58% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 5.62% from other races, and 3.33% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 13.87% of the population.
There were 10,028 households, out of which 30.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.7% were married couples living together, 15.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.9% were non-families. 28.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.63 and the average family size was 3.24.
In the city the population was spread out, with 23.9% under the age of 18, 7.8% from 18 to 24, 32.0% from 25 to 44, 21.8% from 45 to 64, and 14.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.5 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $50,729, and the median income for a family was $61,931. Males had a median income of $41,047 versus $32,091 for females. The per capita income for the city was $22,481. About 5.4% of families and 7.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.3% of those under age 18 and 8.2% of those age 65 or over.
Economy
Downtown
In 2020, downtown Rahway received accolades as a Great Downtown by the APA: "Downtown Rahway is a great place. It is a place that emphasizes livability, walkability, shopping, food, art, diversity and a destination. Centered in the heart of the bustling City of Rahway, next to the NJ Transit Station, Rahway's downtown is the building block for this diverse city."
Beginning in the early 1990s and continuing through the present day, the City of Rahway has rebounded as its downtown began to see the construction of new restaurants, art galleries, market-rate housing and the old Rahway Theatre reopening as the Union County Performing Arts Center. The theater underwent a $6.2-million renovation and expansion project, completed in 2007. As part of the expansion, the facility was purchased by the County of Union for $1.3 million and leased back for $1 a year.
Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital, Rahway
Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital, Rahway, formerly Rahway Hospital, is a 122-bed non-profit, public, research and academic teaching hospital located in Rahway. The medical center is a part of the RWJBarnabas Health System. It is affiliated with the Robert Wood Johnson Medical School. It also has an emergency department for area residents.
Merck & Co.
In 2020, Merck announced that it would be returning its global headquarters to its Rahway research campus (currently the largest private employer in Rahway) and former HQ.
Rahway library
In September 1999, remnants of Hurricane Floyd swept across New Jersey and caused severe damage. The Rahway Public Library was on a flood plain and suffered over US$1 million in flood damage. The building was demolished in October 2001 and a new library was constructed and opened on March 22, 2004, behind the city's municipal building along a less flood-prone area of the Rahway River. The area where the former Rahway Public Library was now contains tennis courts and a small playground.
Local media
Our Town Rahway is a free monthly community newspaper mailed out to residents and published by Renna Media.
TAPInto Rahway is a local digital news site covering Rahway news exclusively, part of the TAPinto network of news in Central and Northern New Jersey.
Rahway Rising is a longstanding digital news site run by the former editor of the now-defunct newspaper The Rahway Progress and covering city council meetings with a focus on redevelopment.
Union News Daily. A news outlet covering Union County news, it has a dedicated Rahway section. It is part of LocalSource and published by Worrall Community Newspapers of Union.
Remaining multi-community newspapers that cover Rahway include the Courier News, a daily newspaper based in Bridgewater Township, and The Star-Ledger and the Suburban News based in Newark.
Arts and culture
As of the early 2020s, downtown Rahway has become a regional hub in the performing and visual arts. In 2021, Rahway was named the #2 Best Small Town Arts Scene in the country by USA Today.
Rahway is home to the Union County Performing Arts Center in the historic Rahway Theatre building.
Houses of worship
The First Presbyterian Church of Rahway was established in 1741 and its current church on Grand and Church Street was built in 1832. It was extensively remodeled in 1876.
Divine Mercy Parish is a Roman Catholic community of faith in Rahway. Its church on Central Avenue was built in 1888 by Irish architect Jeremiah O'Rourke. It was formerly known as St. Mary's Roman Catholic Church, which was merged by the Archdiocese with the former St. Mark's German Catholic Church around 2010 to form Divine Mercy Parish.
Built in 1865, the Seventh-day Adventist Church stands at the intersection of Main Street and West Emerson (1221 New Brunswick Avenue). It was formerly the Second Presbyterian, but that congregation merged with the First Presbyterian in 2012.
Established in 1826, the Ebenezer AME Church in Rahway is one of the oldest African Methodist Episcopal church in the country
Trinity Methodist. Founded in 1849, this Methodist group was called Second Methodist. In 1893, the group changed its name to Trinity United Methodist and built the large brick, Romanesque-styled church on the corner of E. Milton Avenue and Main Street.
Parks and recreation
City parks
The city is home to more than ten parks. The best-known is Rahway River Park, which is maintained by Union County, and is also partially located in Clark.
The pool at Rahway River Park
The Walter E. Ulrich swimming pool in Rahway River Park was extensively renovated and retiled in 2021. A beach-style splash feature for children, with an "ocean-like" sloping entry without stairs, was added to the pool that year. The pool is available to Union County residents and their guests for a daily fee.
Built in 1929, it was documented by the Historic American Engineering Record in 1985.
Government
Local government
The City of Rahway is governed under the Faulkner Act system of municipal government under the Mayor-Council (Plan F), implemented as of January 1, 1955, based on the recommendations of a Charter Study Commission. The township is one of 71 municipalities (of the 565) statewide that use this form of government. The city's governing body is comprised of the Mayor and the nine-member City Council. The Mayor is elected directly by the voters. The City Council is comprised of nine members, all elected to four-year terms of office. Six members of the council are elected from each of six wards. The other three members are elected to represent the entire city on an at-large basis. Elections are in even-numbered years, with the six ward seats up together, followed two years later by the three at-large seats and the mayoral seat. Under the City of Rahway's form of government, all executive and administrative authority is vested in the office of the mayor, who appoints the Business Administrator and department directors. The Business Administrator develops an annual budget for the city, manages the city's departments and oversees its employees. This form of government gives citizens a centralized line of authority for the efficient management of the city's business.
, the mayor of Rahway is Democrat Raymond A. Giacobbe Jr. Members of the Municipal Council are James E. Baker (At Large; D, 2022), Joanna Miles (At Large; D, 2022), Jeremy E. Mojica (At Large; D, 2022), Rodney Farrar (First Ward; D, 2024), Michael W. Cox (Second Ward; D, 2024), Vannie Deloris Parson (Third Ward; D, 2024), David Brown (Fourth Ward; D, 2024), Danielle "Danni" Newbury (Fifth Ward; D, 2024), Joseph D. Gibilisco (Sixth Ward; D, 2024).
Federal, state and county representation
Rahway is located in the 10th Congressional District and is part of New Jersey's 22nd state legislative district.
Politics
As of March 23, 2011, there were a total of 15,719 registered voters in Rahway, of whom 7,159 (45.5% vs. 41.8% countywide) were registered as Democrats, 1,675 (10.7% vs. 15.3%) were registered as Republicans and 6,880 (43.8% vs. 42.9%) were registered as Unaffiliated. There were 5 voters registered to other parties. Among the city's 2010 Census population, 57.5% (vs. 53.3% in Union County) were registered to vote, including 73.5% of those ages 18 and over (vs. 70.6% countywide).
In the 2012 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 8,413 votes (74.7% vs. 66.0% countywide), ahead of Republican Mitt Romney with 2,648 votes (23.5% vs. 32.3%) and other candidates with 107 votes (0.9% vs. 0.8%), among the 11,269 ballots cast by the city's 16,730 registered voters, for a turnout of 67.4% (vs. 68.8% in Union County). In the 2008 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 8,340 votes (69.8% vs. 63.1% countywide), ahead of Republican John McCain with 3,410 votes (28.5% vs. 35.2%) and other candidates with 115 votes (1.0% vs. 0.9%), among the 11,944 ballots cast by the city's 16,039 registered voters, for a turnout of 74.5% (vs. 74.7% in Union County). In the 2004 presidential election, Democrat John Kerry received 6,512 votes (63.1% vs. 58.3% countywide), ahead of Republican George W. Bush with 3,668 votes (35.5% vs. 40.3%) and other candidates with 92 votes (0.9% vs. 0.7%), among the 10,326 ballots cast by the city's 14,471 registered voters, for a turnout of 71.4% (vs. 72.3% in the whole county).
In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Democrat Barbara Buono received 55.4% of the vote (3,211 cast), ahead of Republican Chris Christie with 43.0% (2,494 votes), and other candidates with 1.6% (93 votes), among the 5,934 ballots cast by the city's 16,359 registered voters (136 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 36.3%. In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Democrat Jon Corzine received 3,961 ballots cast (57.4% vs. 50.6% countywide), ahead of Republican Chris Christie with 2,451 votes (35.5% vs. 41.7%), Independent Chris Daggett with 366 votes (5.3% vs. 5.9%) and other candidates with 68 votes (1.0% vs. 0.8%), among the 6,895 ballots cast by the city's 15,842 registered voters, yielding a 43.5% turnout (vs. 46.5% in the county).
Education
The Rahway Public Schools serve students in pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade. As of the 2017–18 school year, the district, comprised of six schools, had an enrollment of 3,922 students and 328.9 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 11.9:1. Schools in the district (with 2017-18 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics) are
Grover Cleveland Elementary School (559 students; in grades PreK-6),
Franklin Elementary School (647; PreK-6),
Madison Elementary School (349; PreK-6),
Roosevelt Elementary School (608; PreK-6),
Rahway 7th & 8th Grade Academy (599; 7–8) and
Rahway High School (1,090; 9–12).
Trivia
Nikola Tesla
In the 1880s, Nikola Tesla had a presence in town when he opened Tesla Electric Light & Manufacturing in Rahway.
Legends of pirate treasure
According to recently resurfaced 19th century lore, Captain William Kidd buried treasure in the Rahway area, alongside the body of one of his men he had just murdered.
The location of this pirate treasure was said to be on the southern banks of the Rahway River at a spot called Price's or Post's Woods, said to be midway between Rahway and the Arthur Kill.
The murder and burial of treasure was witnessed secretly from a tree, allegedly, by a Lenape chieftain known as Ra-wa-rah who is the namesake of the city of Rahway. Ra-wa-rah allegedly witnessed the murder and burial of treasure while returning from a fishing journey.
East Jersey State Prison
East Jersey State Prison, formerly known as Rahway State Prison, actually is located in Woodbridge Township at the border with Rahway. The prison's mailing address is in Rahway, leading many to believe the facility was located there. The prison's official name was changed to East Jersey State Prison as of November 30, 1988, at the request of the citizens of Rahway. East Jersey State Prison is seen at the beginning of the movie Ocean's Eleven, starring George Clooney. The 1978 documentary Scared Straight was filmed there, as was the 1989 movie Lock Up, starring Sylvester Stallone. The prison was briefly mentioned in John Sayles City of Hope (1991).
The Unknown Woman
The Rahway murder of 1887 was the unsolved murder of an unidentified young woman whose body was found in the city on March 25, 1887, garnering attention from the press and the public.
Transportation
Roads and highways
As of 2010, the city had a total of of roadways, of which were maintained by the municipality, by Union County and by the New Jersey Department of Transportation.
Rahway is served by U.S. Route 1/9, Route 27, and Route 35. The city is sandwiched between the Garden State Parkway and the New Jersey Turnpike, which are each located about two miles outside of the city limits.
There are several crossings of the Rahway River in the city.
Public transportation
NJ Transit 115 route provides local service and interstate service to and from the Port Authority Bus Terminal in Midtown Manhattan, with service on the 48 line to Elizabeth and Perth Amboy.
Rahway Train Station serves NJ Transit's North Jersey Coast Line and Northeast Corridor Line. The City of Rahway and NJ Transit helped fund a $16 million renovation for the station in 1999 and a public plaza in front of the station was completed in 2001, changes that have spurred cleanup and revitalization downtown. A new US$11.2 million 524-space parking deck opened across the street from the station in January 2005, helping train commuters and allowing the city to transform old parking lot space into new buildings and residences. A typical train ride to New York City's Pennsylvania Station takes 38 minutes.
Airport
Newark Liberty International Airport is northeast of Rahway, approximately a 20-minute drive by car.
Notable people
People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Rahway include:
Antonio Alfano, American football defensive tackle for the Colorado Buffaloes.
Juliette Atkinson (1873–1944), Hall of Fame tennis player and three-time U.S. Open champion
Peter Boettke (born 1960), economist of the Austrian School
Frank E. Boland (c. 1880–1913), James Paul Boland (1882–1970) and Joseph John Boland (1879–1964), early aircraft designers who started the Boland Airplane and Motor Company
Kimberly Brandão (born 1984), professional women's soccer player; captain of the Portugal Women's National Team, which she has represented since 2007
Chris Brantley (born 1970), former NFL wide receiver; played for the Los Angeles Rams and Buffalo Bills
Ronald Breslow (born 1931), chemist
Isaac Brokaw (1746–1826), clockmaker
Harvey Brown (1795–1874), military officer who fought in the Black Hawk and Seminole Wars, the Mexican–American War and the American Civil War
Darrion Caldwell (born 1987), mixed martial artist competing for Bellator MMA
Louis Campbell (born 1979), professional basketball player; plays for Strasbourg IG of the French League
Clifford P. Case (1904–1982), Representative of the Sixth District of New Jersey in the House of Representatives (1945–1954); United States Senator (R-NJ) 1955–1979
Abraham Clark (1725–1794), signer of the Declaration of Independence; buried at the Rahway Cemetery
Earl Clark (born 1988), professional basketball player who played in the NBA for the Brooklyn Nets
Samuel Hanson Cox (1793–1880), Presbyterian minister and abolitionist
Mary Frances Creighton (1899-1936), housewife, who along with Everett Applegate, was executed in Sing Sing prison's electric chair, Old Sparky, for the poisoning of Applegate's wife.
Joseph T. Crowell (1817–1891), Speaker of the New Jersey General Assembly and President of the New Jersey Senate
Arnold D'Ambrosa (born 1933), politician who served in the New Jersey General Assembly from 1974 to 1976, until his career was cut short by a political scandal
George Davenport (1783–1845), frontiersman, trader, United States Army officer and settler in the Iowa Territory; namesake of Davenport, Iowa
Dion Dawkins (born 1994), offensive tackle for the Buffalo Bills of the NFL.
Evie (born 1956), contemporary Christian music singer
John Frazee (1790–1862), sculptor and architect
Amos Noë Freeman (1809–1893), abolitionist, educator and Presbyterian minister
Milton Friedman (1912–2006), economist and Nobel Prize winner
Leighton Gage (1942–2013), author of crime fiction
Antonio Garay (born 1979), defensive tackle for the San Diego Chargers
Wayne Gilchrest (born 1946), U.S. Congressman
Alfred M. Gray Jr. (born 1928), 29th Commandant of the Marine Corps, from July 1, 1987, to June 30, 1991.
Jerome Kagan (1929–2021), professor emeritus of psychology at Harvard University; one of the pioneers of developmental psychology
Janis Karpinski (born 1953), one of the first women Brigadier Generals of the Army; former commander of the Abu Ghraib Prison in Iraq
William H. Lash (1961–2006), Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Market Access and Compliance 2001–2005
Paul Matey (born 1971), attorney who is a United States Circuit Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit.
Benjamin Fay Mills (1857-1916), evangelist preacher, vegetarianism activist and writer.
Richard Moran (born 1950), investor, venture capitalist, author and president emeritus of Menlo College.
Ira Nadel (born 1943), biographer, literary critic and James Joyce scholar.
Olsen Pierre (born 1991), American football defensive end who played in the NFL for the Arizona Cardinals.
Dory Previn (1925–2012, born as Dorothy Veronica Langan), lyricist and singer-songwriter
Pearl Reaves (1929–2000), R&B singer and guitarist
Eric Roberson (born 1976), R&B and soul singer-songwriter
Freddie Russo (1924–1987), professional boxer
Carl Sagan (1934–1996), astronomer; winner of Pulitzer Prize for General Non-Fiction Writing in 1978
Mike Seamon (born 1988), soccer midfielder who has played for the Seattle Sounders FC and the Pittsburgh Riverhounds
Mark Slonaker (born 1957), college basketball coach; head coach of the Mercer Bears men's basketball team 1998–2008
Chris Smith (born 1953), U.S. Congressman
Dexter Strickland (born 1990), McDonald's High School All-American basketball player; attended the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Kurt Sutter (born 1966), screenwriter, director, producer and actor
Nikola Tesla (1856–1943), formed his company, Tesla Electric Light & Manufacturing, in Rahway
Marques Townes (born 1995), basketball player for the Loyola Ramblers men's basketball team, who transferred out of Cardinal McCarrick after his sophomore year.
Kevin M. Tucker (1940–2012), Commissioner of the Philadelphia Police Department, 1986–1988
Allan Vache (born 1953), jazz clarinetist; younger brother of Warren Vache
Warren Vache (born 1951), jazz cornetist and veteran of the groups of Benny Goodman, Rosemary Clooney, Benny Carter, Annie Ross and many other jazz notables
Dr. P. Roy Vagelos (born 1929), retired Merck & Co. CEO
Carolyn Wells (1862–1942), author and poet
Shanice Williams (born 1996), actress who starred as Dorothy in The Wiz Live! on NBC in December 2015
Emmanuel Yarborough (1964–2015), 1995 USA World Sumo Champion
Robert Rahway Zakanitch (born 1935). American painter and a founder of the Pattern and Decoration movement.
References
External links
Official municipal website
Rahway Center Partnership
1858 establishments in New Jersey
Cities in Union County, New Jersey
Faulkner Act (mayor–council)
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|
125788 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roselle%2C%20New%20Jersey | Roselle, New Jersey | Roselle (, ) is a borough located in Union County in the state of New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the borough's population was 21,085, reflecting a decline of 189 (-0.9%) from the 21,274 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 960 (+4.7%) from the 20,314 counted in the 1990 Census.
On January 19, 1883, the world's first electric lighting system employing overhead wires began service in Roselle. It had been built by Thomas Edison to demonstrate that an entire community could be lit by electricity. This success encouraged the installation of electric lighting in numerous other villages and cities. The First Presbyterian Church, located on the corner of West 5th Avenue and Chestnut Street, was the first church in the United States to be lit by electricity, and the second in the world after the City Temple church in London.
Roselle was incorporated on December 20, 1894, at the height of the Boroughitis phenomenon sweeping through New Jersey at the time, based on the results of a referendum held two days earlier, from portions of Linden. Roselle's name is derived from the Roselle Land Improvement Company, which was created in 1866 to lay out a community around the Mulford Station on the Central Railroad of New Jersey. The name "Roselle" is said to have been based on the company's founder, John Conklin Rose or from John Pierre Roselle, a friend of the railroad's president.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the borough had a total area of 2.65 square miles (6.86 km2), including 2.64 square miles (6.82 km2) of land and 0.01 square miles (0.03 km2) of water (0.49%).
Unincorporated communities, localities and place names located partially or completely within the borough include Aldene.
The borough is bordered by the Union County municipalities of Roselle Park to the north, Linden to the south and Cranford to the west and Elizabeth, along the edges of Warinanco Park, to the east. Morses Creek runs through the borough.
Demographics
Census 2010
The Census Bureau's 2006-2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $58,041 (with a margin of error of +/- $3,948) and the median family income was $64,038 (+/- $4,495). Males had a median income of $40,163 (+/- $3,874) versus $36,210 (+/- $1,612) for females. The per capita income for the borough was $25,678 (+/- $1,130). About 7.5% of families and 8.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.9% of those under age 18 and 4.6% of those age 65 or over.
Census 2000
As of the 2000 United States Census there were 21,274 people, 7,520 households, and 5,226 families residing in the borough. The population density was 8,048.8 people per square mile (3,111.3/km2). There were 7,870 housing units at an average density of 2,977.5 per square mile (1,151.0/km2). The racial makeup of the borough was 51.32% African American, 35.58% White, 0.31% Native American, 2.71% Asian, 0.07% Pacific Islander, 6.07% from other races, and 3.93% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 17.11% of the population.
8.0% of the population of Roselle (Creole: Wozel) was of Haitian ancestry. This was the third-highest such percentage in New Jersey and the 16th-highest of any municipality in the nation.
There were 7,520 households, out of which 32.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.3% were married couples living together, 18.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.5% were non-families. 25.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.82 and the average family size was 3.41.
In the borough the population was spread out, with 25.5% under the age of 18, 9.4% from 18 to 24, 30.8% from 25 to 44, 22.2% from 45 to 64, and 12.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 82.8 males.
The median income for a household in the borough was $51,254, and the median income for a family was $58,841. Males had a median income of $37,604 versus $32,535 for females. The per capita income for the borough was $21,269. About 5.8% of families and 7.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.5% of those under age 18 and 10.7% of those age 65 or over.
Economy
Portions of the borough are part of an Urban Enterprise Zone (UEZ), one of 32 zones covering 37 municipalities statewide. Roselle was selected in 2002 as one of a group of three zones added to participate in the program. In addition to other benefits to encourage employment and investment within the Zone, shoppers can take advantage of a reduced 3.3125% sales tax rate (half of the % rate charged statewide) at eligible merchants. Established in July 2002, the borough's Urban Enterprise Zone status expires in December 2023.
Government
Local government
Roselle is governed under the Borough form of New Jersey municipal government, which is used in 218 municipalities (of the 565) statewide, making it the most common form of government in New Jersey. The governing body is comprised of the Mayor and the Borough Council, with all positions elected on a partisan basis as part of the November general election. The Mayor is elected directly by the voters to a four-year term of office. The Borough Council is comprised of six members elected to serve three-year terms on a staggered basis, with two seats coming up for election each year in a three-year cycle. Roselle is divided into five election districts, referred to as wards. One councilperson is elected from each of the five wards, and one councilperson is elected from the borough at-large. Roselle is one of only two boroughs statewide that use wards (the other is Roselle Park). The borough form of government used by Roselle is a "weak mayor / strong council" government in which council members act as the legislative body with the mayor presiding at meetings and voting only in the event of a tie. The mayor can veto ordinances subject to an override by a two-thirds majority vote of the council. The mayor makes committee and liaison assignments for council members, and most appointments are made by the mayor with the advice and consent of the council. A borough administrator, appointed by the Borough Council, oversees the day-to-day operations of the municipal government.
, the Mayor of the Borough of Roselle is Democrat Donald Shaw, elected to serve the unexpired term of office that expires on December 31, 2023, that had been held by Christine Danserau until she resigned from office. Members of the Roselle Borough Council are Council President Denise Wilkerson (Council-at-Large; D, 2022), Brandon Bernier (Ward 2; D, 2021), John Fortuna (Ward 5; D, 2021), Cynthia Johnson (Ward 3; D, 2023), Cindy Thomas (Ward 4; D, 2022) and Richard Villeda (Ward 1; D, 2023).
In January 2020, the Borough Council appointed Isabel Sousa to fill the First Ward seat expiring in December 2020 that had been held by Denise Wilkerson until she resigned from office to take a seat as the at-large councilmember.
Council President Kim Shaw was named to serve as acting mayor in March 2015, after Jamel Holley was named to fill a vacant seat in the New Jersey General Assembly. She served until Dansereau was sworn in on March 11, 2015, making her the first woman to serve as mayor in borough history.
In April 2015, the Borough Council, based on nominations submitted by the Democratic municipal committee, chose Samuel Bishop to fill the vacant seat in the 5th Ward of Roy Locke, while Reginald W. Atkins was chosen to fill the at-large seat vacated by Christine Dansereau when she was sworn in as mayor. Locke had resigned from office in February 2015, under pressure from then-mayor Jamal Holley who cited Locke's frequent absences from council meetings, which Locke attributed to conflicting work and personal responsibilities.
Federal, state and county representation
Roselle is located in the 10th Congressional District and is part of New Jersey's 20th state legislative district.
Politics
As of March 23, 2011, there were a total of 11,743 registered voters in Roselle, of which 7,127 (60.7% vs. 41.8% countywide) were registered as Democrats, 526 (4.5% vs. 15.3%) were registered as Republicans and 4,087 (34.8% vs. 42.9%) were registered as Unaffiliated. There were 3 voters registered to other parties. Among the borough's 2010 Census population, 55.7% (vs. 53.3% in Union County) were registered to vote, including 72.8% of those ages 18 and over (vs. 70.6% countywide).
In the 2012 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 8,034 votes (88.8% vs. 66.0% countywide), ahead of Republican Mitt Romney with 875 votes (9.7% vs. 32.3%) and other candidates with 53 votes (0.6% vs. 0.8%), among the 9,043 ballots cast by the borough's 12,694 registered voters, for a turnout of 71.2% (vs. 68.8% in Union County). In the 2008 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 8,055 votes (85.4% vs. 63.1% countywide), ahead of Republican John McCain with 1,262 votes (13.4% vs. 35.2%) and other candidates with 52 votes (0.6% vs. 0.9%), among the 9,428 ballots cast by the borough's 12,533 registered voters, for a turnout of 75.2% (vs. 74.7% in Union County). In the 2004 presidential election, Democrat John Kerry received 6,325 votes (79.4% vs. 58.3% countywide), ahead of Republican George W. Bush with 1,564 votes (19.6% vs. 40.3%) and other candidates with 40 votes (0.5% vs. 0.7%), among the 7,971 ballots cast by the borough's 11,609 registered voters, for a turnout of 68.7% (vs. 72.3% in the whole county).
In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Democrat Barbara Buono received 71.3% of the vote (2,882 cast), ahead of Republican Chris Christie with 27.6% (1,115 votes), and other candidates with 1.1% (44 votes), among the 4,283 ballots cast by the borough's 12,460 registered voters (242 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 34.4%. In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Democrat Jon Corzine received 3,816 ballots cast (77.3% vs. 50.6% countywide), ahead of Republican Chris Christie with 866 votes (17.5% vs. 41.7%), Independent Chris Daggett with 170 votes (3.4% vs. 5.9%) and other candidates with 35 votes (0.7% vs. 0.8%), among the 4,939 ballots cast by the borough's 12,148 registered voters, yielding a 40.7% turnout (vs. 46.5% in the county).
Education
Students are educated by the Roselle Public Schools, which serves students in pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade. As of the 2017–18 school year, the district, comprised of eight schools, had an enrollment of 2,863 students and 224.0 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 12.8:1. Schools in the district (with 2017–18 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics) are
Roselle Presechool (73 students in PreK)
Kindergarten Success Academy (201; Kindergarten),
Harrison Elementary School (323; 1–4),
Dr. Charles C. Polk Elementary School (311; 1–4),
Washington Elementary School (310; 1–4),
Leonard V. Moore Middle School for grades 5-6 (465),
Grace Wilday Junior High School for grades 7-8 (422) and
Abraham Clark High School for grades 9-12 (740).
Roselle Catholic High School, a parochial high school run by the Marist Brothers, serves grades 9-12 under the supervision of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Newark.
St. Joseph the Carpenter School, which was founded in 1913, serves students in preschool through eighth grade, operating under the supervision of the Newark Archdiocese.
Transportation
Roads and highways
, the borough had a total of of roadways, of which were maintained by the municipality, by Union County and by the New Jersey Department of Transportation.
New Jersey Route 27 is the most significant highway in Roselle. It forms the borough's southeastern border with Linden.
Public transportation
NJ Transit provides bus service to the Port Authority Bus Terminal in New York City on the 112 and 115 routes, to Newark on the 59, 62 and 94 routes, with local service available on the 56 and 57.
Conrail's freight-only Lehigh Line passes through the community along the tracks of the former Lehigh Valley Railroad. The town once shared a passenger station with Roselle Park on the mainline of the Central Railroad of New Jersey. That line is abandoned.
The Staten Island Railway passed through the community before being dormant for years. It was reactivated by the Morristown & Erie Railway, but Morristown & Erie did not renew their option and their 10-year lease ceased as of May 15, 2012.
Newark Liberty International Airport is approximately from Roselle.
Notable people
People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Roselle include:
Eddie Fontaine, singer
Rabih Abdullah (born 1975), running back who played for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers and New England Patriots.
Charles Augustus Briggs (1841–1913), Presbyterian theologian.
Abraham Clark (1725–1794), a founding father of the United States of America and a signer of the United States Declaration of Independence.
Neil M. Cohen (born 1951), represented the 20th Legislative District in the New Jersey General Assembly until being forced to suddenly resign after child pornography was discovered on his computer.
Greg Cook (1958-2005), basketball player.
Harold Dobbs (1918–1994), Republican politician and civic leader in San Francisco who founded Mel's Drive-In and served as president of the city's Board of Supervisors.
Jameel Dumas (born 1981), linebacker who played in NFL Europe.
William Perry Fogg (1826–1909), author and adventurer
Jerry Green (born 1939), politician, who has served in the New Jersey General Assembly since 1992, where he represents the 22nd Legislative District.
Rosey Grier (born 1932), former football player in the NFL for the Los Angeles Rams, a member of the original Fearsome Foursome.
Al Harrington (born 1980), professional basketball player who formerly played for the NBA's New York Knicks.
Jamel Holley (born 1979), politician who was chosen in 2015 to serve as a member of the New Jersey General Assembly representing the 20th Legislative District, after having served as mayor of Roselle since 2012.
Jesse Holley (born 1984), signed by the Cincinnati Bengals as an undrafted free agent in 2007, he was winner of the Spike TV reality show 4th and Long.
Gene-Ann Polk Horne (1926–2015), physician and hospital administrator, director of pediatric ambulatory care at Harlem Hospital and professor of pediatrics at Columbia University.
Phil Ivey (born 1976), professional poker player.
Kendall James (born 1991), football cornerback who has played in the NFL for the Cleveland Browns.
Emil Milan (born 1922), mid-century designer craftsman who worked primarily in wood.
Barron Miles (born 1972), defensive back for the BC Lions in the Canadian Football League.
Rebecca Morse (born 1992), ice hockey defender, currently playing for the Metropolitan Riveters of the National Women's Hockey League.
Carole Dawn Reinhart (born 1941), trumpet player and professor in Vienna
Charles August Sulzer (1879–1919), delegate to the United States House of Representatives from the Alaska Territory.
William H. Tunner (1906–1983), general officer in the United States Air Force.
Lucius Walker (1930–2010), Baptist minister best known for his opposition to the United States embargo against Cuba.
See also
Identical Twins, Roselle, New Jersey, 1967, a photograph by Diane Arbus of the Wade twins
Warinanco Park
References
External links
Roselle Borough website
Roselle Public Library
1894 establishments in New Jersey
Borough form of New Jersey government
Boroughs in Union County, New Jersey
New Jersey Urban Enterprise Zones
Populated places established in 1894 | [
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125789 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roselle%20Park%2C%20New%20Jersey | Roselle Park, New Jersey | Roselle Park is a borough in Union County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the borough's population was 13,297, reflecting an increase of 16 (+0.1%) from the 13,281 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 476 (+3.7%) from the 12,805 counted in the 1990 Census.
Roselle Park was incorporated as a borough by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on March 22, 1901, from portions of Union Township. Roselle Park's name is derived from the Roselle Land Improvement Company, which was created in 1866 to lay out a community around the Mulford Station on the Central Railroad of New Jersey. The name "Roselle" is said to have been based on the company's founder, John Conklin Rose or from John Pierre Roselle, a friend of the railroad's president.
History
The first known settlement within what is now the Borough was built by Samuel Williams in 1700. Galloping Hill Road was continually used by revolutionary war scouts, delivering messages to and from General George Washington and Governor Livingston. Galloping Hill Road also believed to be the route traveled by the British columns en route to the Battle of Connecticut Farms, battling the New Jersey militia the entire way. Son of American general William Crane, was bayoneted and killed by the British near what is now Galloping Hill Road and Colonial Road.
Elizabethtown & Somerville Railroad passed through in 1839, as the first railroad in Northern New Jersey. The first store in the world to be lit by electric light was Stone's Store on Westfield Avenue, lit by Thomas Edison's carbon filament prototype.
The formation of Roselle Park in 1901 occurred due to a number of grievances based on a lack of sufficient public services, including; lack of a modern sewage system, poor schools, neglected roads, and minimal public safety measures.
In 1907, the first poured concrete building in the world, now the Robert Gordon School, was built in Roselle Park using Edison's revolutionary process. Roselle Park was home to the factory and lab of Marconi Wireless Telegraph, and in late 1921 became the site of WDY, the first radio broadcasting station licensed in the state of New Jersey.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the borough had a total area of 1.23 square miles (3.17 km2), all of which was land.
Unincorporated communities, localities and place names located partially or completely within the borough include Lorraine.
The borough is bordered to the northeast by Union Township, to the northwest by Kenilworth, to the east by Elizabeth, to the south by Roselle and to the west by Cranford.
Demographics
Census 2010
The Census Bureau's 2006-2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $61,923 (with a margin of error of +/- $5,415) and the median family income was $75,017 (+/- $8,553). Males had a median income of $50,502 (+/- $5,243) versus $41,193 (+/- $5,261) for females. The per capita income for the borough was $30,566 (+/- $2,011). About 3.6% of families and 5.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.0% of those under age 18 and 1.9% of those age 65 or over.
Census 2000
As of the 2000 United States Census there were 13,281 people, 5,137 households, and 3,416 families residing in the borough. The population density was 10,855.7 people per square mile (4,203.1/km2). There were 5,258 housing units at an average density of 4,297.8 per square mile (1,664.0/km2). The racial makeup of the borough was 80.87% White, 2.42% African American, 0.11% Native American, 9.14% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 4.89% from other races, and 2.55% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 16.34% of the population.
There were 5,137 households, out of which 30.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.8% were married couples living together, 11.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.5% were non-families. 28.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.58 and the average family size was 3.22.
In the borough the population was spread out, with 22.2% under the age of 18, 8.8% from 18 to 24, 33.5% from 25 to 44, 22.8% from 45 to 64, and 12.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.4 males.
The median income for a household in the borough was $53,717, and the median income for a family was $63,403. Males had a median income of $42,623 versus $33,105 for females. The per capita income for the borough was $24,101. About 3.4% of families and 4.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.3% of those under age 18 and 1.6% of those age 65 or over.
Government
Local government
The Borough of Roselle Park is governed under the Borough form of New Jersey municipal government, which is used in 218 municipalities (of the 565) statewide, making it the most common form of government in New Jersey. The governing body is comprised of the Mayor and the Borough Council, with all positions elected on a partisan basis as part of the November general election. The Mayor is elected directly by the voters to a four-year term of office. The Borough Council is comprised of six members elected to serve three-year terms on a staggered basis, with two seats coming up for election each year in a three-year cycle. Roselle Park is divided into five election districts, referred to as wards. One councilperson is elected from each ward, and one councilperson is elected from the borough at-large, with two council seats up for election each year for three-year terms of office. Roselle Park is one of only two boroughs statewide that use wards (the other is Roselle). The borough form of government used by Roselle Park is a "weak mayor / strong council" government in which council members act as the legislative body with the mayor presiding at meetings and voting only in the event of a tie. The mayor can veto ordinances subject to an override by a two-thirds majority vote of the council. The mayor makes committee and liaison assignments for council members, and most appointments are made by the mayor with the advice and consent of the council.
, the mayor of Roselle Park is Democrat Joseph Signorello III, whose term of office ends December 31, 2022. Members of the Borough Council are Michael Connelly (Ward 4; D, 2022), Joseph Signorello, Jr.(At-large; [D], 2023), Robert Rubilla (Ward 3; R, 2021), Jay Robaina (Ward 5; D, 2021), Gregory Johnson (Ward 1; D, 2023) and Joseph Petrosky (Ward 2; D, 2021).
When former Mayor and newly elected Councilman-At-Large Joe DeIorio was sworn into office in January 2018, serving with his husband Fifth Ward Councilman Thos Shipley, they became the first openly gay married couple to serve elected public office together for the same municipality.
On December 4, 2015, Councilwoman Charlene Storey announced that she would resign from here seat effective January 7, 2016, due to her opposition to the council's decision to rename the annual ceremony from "The Tree Lighting" to "The Christmas Tree Lighting", citing issues of establishment of a preferred religion. However, the next day, Storey and Mayor Hokanson reached an agreement stating that Storey would rescind her resignation and that she would chair a committee on diversity in the borough. In August 2016, Storey became an independent after being removed by the Democratic Committee; In January 2017, Eugene Meola switched his voter registration from Democratic to independent.
In January 2015, Joseph Petrosky was chosen by the borough council from among three candidates offered by the municipal Democratic committee to fill the Second Ward seat vacated by Charlene Storey when she took office to fill the at-large seat.
In the wake of charges that he had stolen campaign signs from a neighbor's lawn, Fifth Ward Michael Yakubov announced in January 2015 that he would be resigning from office in March. Richard Templeton was selected by three candidate nominated by the Republican municipal committee and appointed to Yakubov's vacant seat in March 2015, before switching parties and becoming a Democrat five days after he took office.
On November 3, 2015, Republican Thos Shipley bested incumbent Rich Templeton by 60% of the vote On January 7, 2016, Thos Shipley made Borough history twice as the first African American and the first openly gay member of the governing body sworn into office. Councilman Shipley is also married to former 16-year Mayor Joseph DeIorio, the longest-serving mayor in Borough history.
Federal, state and county representation
Roselle Park is located in the 10th Congressional District and is part of New Jersey's 21st state legislative district. Prior to the 2010 Census, Roselle Park had been part of the , a change made by the New Jersey Redistricting Commission that took effect in January 2013, based on the results of the November 2012 general elections.
Politics
As of March 23, 2011, there were a total of 7,525 registered voters in Roselle Park, of which 2,325 (30.9% vs. 41.8% countywide) were registered as Democrats, 1,279 (17.0% vs. 15.3%) were registered as Republicans and 3,918 (52.1% vs. 42.9%) were registered as Unaffiliated. There were 3 voters registered to other parties. Among the borough's 2010 Census population, 56.6% (vs. 53.3% in Union County) were registered to vote, including 72.9% of those ages 18 and over (vs. 70.6% countywide).
In the 2012 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 60.4% of the vote (3,064 cast), ahead of Republican Mitt Romney with 38.1% (1,931 votes), and other candidates with 1.5% (75 votes), among the 5,117 ballots cast by the borough's 7,841 registered voters (47 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 65.3%. In the 2012 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 3,064 votes (59.9% vs. 66.0% countywide), ahead of Republican Mitt Romney with 1,931 votes (37.7% vs. 32.3%) and other candidates with 75 votes (1.5% vs. 0.8%), among the 5,117 ballots cast by the borough's 7,841 registered voters, for a turnout of 65.3% (vs. 68.8% in Union County). In the 2008 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 3,083 votes (53.5% vs. 63.1% countywide), ahead of Republican John McCain with 2,530 votes (43.9% vs. 35.2%) and other candidates with 96 votes (1.7% vs. 0.9%), among the 5,759 ballots cast by the borough's 7,953 registered voters, for a turnout of 72.4% (vs. 74.7% in Union County). In the 2004 presidential election, Democrat John Kerry received 2,753 votes (50.6% vs. 58.3% countywide), ahead of Republican George W. Bush with 2,619 votes (48.1% vs. 40.3%) and other candidates with 43 votes (0.8% vs. 0.7%), among the 5,443 ballots cast by the borough's 7,773 registered voters, for a turnout of 70.0% (vs. 72.3% in the whole county).
In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 56.6% of the vote (1,610 cast), ahead of Democrat Barbara Buono with 41.6% (1,183 votes), and other candidates with 1.8% (50 votes), among the 2,923 ballots cast by the borough's 7,676 registered voters (80 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 38.1%. In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 1,700 votes (49.2% vs. 41.7% countywide), ahead of Democrat Jon Corzine with 1,404 votes (40.6% vs. 50.6%), Independent Chris Daggett with 249 votes (7.2% vs. 5.9%) and other candidates with 41 votes (1.2% vs. 0.8%), among the 3,455 ballots cast by the borough's 7,711 registered voters, yielding a 44.8% turnout (vs. 46.5% in the county).
Education
The Roselle Park School District serves public school students in pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade. As of the 2018–19 school year, the district, comprised of five schools, had an enrollment of 2,034 students and 174.8 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 11.6:1. Schools in the district (with 2018–19 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics) are
Aldene Elementary School with 286 students in grades PreK-5,
Robert Gordon Elementary School with 266 students in grades PreK-5,
Sherman Elementary School with 355 students in grades K-5,
Roselle Park Middle School with 526 students in grades 6-8 and
Roselle Park High School with 587 students in grades 9-12.
Library
The Roselle Park Veterans Memorial Library was renamed in the early 1980s in honor of the veterans of Roselle Park. The library currently has more than of space used to store traditional books in addition to computers, books on tape, videos, CD's, Meeting Room, information center, pictures, and music tapes. The library offers a photocopier and fax service and allows its patrons to reserve and renew materials over the phone and online. The library offers free Wi-Fi access.
The Veterans Memorial Library offers an array of events such as charity projects, book discussions, and a Book of the Month Club. The Veterans Memorial Library also caters to children and young teens with many different events. Events such as Homework Help, No Bullying Resources, and Crazy For Crafts, among other things, are offered free of charge and children are encouraged to participate.
Transportation
Roads and highways
, the borough had a total of of roadways, of which were maintained by the municipality, by Union County and by the New Jersey Department of Transportation.
Route 28 passes through Roselle Park. The Garden State Parkway passes just beyond the western boundary of the borough.
Public transportation
NJ Transit provides service on bus routes 58 route with service from Elizabeth to Kenilworth, 94 to Newark and 113 to the Port Authority Bus Terminal in New York City.
Newark Liberty International Airport is approximately 10 minutes away. Linden Airport, a general aviation facility, is in nearby Linden.
The Roselle Park station offers NJ Transit commuter rail service as part of its Raritan Valley Line service. This was a result of the Aldene Connection that opened in Roselle Park on April 30, 1967, between tracks of the Central Railroad of New Jersey and the Lehigh Valley Railroad, allowing passengers to travel directly to Newark Penn Station and change there for trains to New York Penn Station, rather than riding to Jersey City and taking ferries into Manhattan. In January 2015, New Jersey Transit began Raritan Valley service directly to New York Penn Station through the use of dual-powered diesel and overhead electric ALP-45DP locomotives. Currently the Roselle Park station is located at milepost 16.0 on the Conrail Lehigh Line, on the corner of Chestnut Street and West Lincoln Avenue; the same location as the original Lehigh Valley station. In addition to local travel, one can take the train to Newark or New York and connect to various modes of travel to nearly anywhere in the U.S. and Canada.
Railroad history
Roselle Park has a rich railroading heritage. A steam locomotive adorns the Borough seal, and the town is very welcoming to railroad enthusiasts.
The Elizabethtown & Somerville railway began laying rails through what would become Roselle Park in 1839. It eventually became the Central Railroad of New Jersey between Jersey City, New Jersey and Scranton, Pennsylvania. Throughout the years as traffic grew, the line would grow to four main tracks, and also offered trains of Reading Company and the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad.
Competition would come as the Lehigh Coal and Navigation Company realized that railroading was a more efficient mode of transportation for their coal than a canal system. They formed the Lehigh Valley Railroad, and began building eastward in 1853. By 1872, they had reached Roselle, and formed the subsidiary Newark and Roselle Railway in order to continue building east to the Hudson River.
Roselle Park and Roselle formerly shared a rail station on the CNJ mainline. Passenger service east of Bayonne ended on April 30, 1967. Shuttle service between Bayonne and Cranford continued on until August 1978 but eventually ended, resulting in the closure of the old station on Chestnut Street. The line continued to see operation as an access route to the NJTransit/NJDOT railroad shops at Elizabethport until the mid-1980s. It is currently in service and used, as the Conrail Shared Assets Elizabeth Industrial Track and serves several local industries.
On April 1, 1976, the Lehigh Valley Railroad became part of the Consolidated Rail Corporation (Conrail) and became known as the "Lehigh Line". On June 1, 1999, Conrail was purchased and split between Norfolk Southern (58%) and CSX (42%), and became "shared assets". Conrail continues to operate the Lehigh Line between Newark and Manville for Norfolk Southern and CSX. In addition to NJ Transit, the line sees anywhere from 35-45 freight trains per day from three railroads; Conrail, Norfolk Southern, and CSX. Canadian Pacific (formerly Delaware and Hudson Railway) utilized trackage rights into Oak Island Yard in Newark until 2012. The track is Norfolk Southern's primary access on their northern transcontinental route into and out of the New York City metropolitan area, and is also part of CSX's primary north–south corridor between New England and Jacksonville, Florida.
The borough was once served by the Rahway Valley Railroad. The line was exempted in 1991 by then Rahway Valley Railroad controller Delaware Otsego Corporation, and was given to the County of Union. It has remained dormant since. However, beginning in 2004, the Union County Board of Chosen Freeholders began taking steps to reactivate the routes. They named the Morristown and Erie Railway as designated operator and funded the beginning of right-of-way renewal, though the project has faced opposition from residents who incorrectly believed that the line would be used to transport trash. All funding for the project was spent on litigation with opponents. Currently the Morristown and Erie Railway is awaiting further funding to complete the work. , the project has halted and no further steps are being taken to reactivate the railway.
Notable people
People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Roselle Park include:
Michael Ausiello (born 1972), TV Guide writer.
Rick Barry (born 1944), NBA All-Pro forward who was ranked #2 on the Sports Illustrated list of The 50 Greatest New Jersey Sports Figures.
Frank R. Burns (1928-2012, class of 1945), American football player and coach, who was head coach of the Rutgers Scarlet Knights from 1973 -1982.
Mike Daly, producer / songwriter / multi-instrumentalist.
Gregory Gillespie (1936–2000), artist.
Edmund Kara (1925–2001), fashion illustrator and designer, interior designer, and sculptor on the Big Sur coast of California.
Keith Loneker (born 1971), former professional football player and actor.
Marisa Acocella Marchetto (born 1962), cartoonist and author of the New York Times best-selling graphic novel Ann Tenna, the graphic memoir Cancer Vixen and Just Who the Hell is She, Anyway?.
James J. Norris (1907-1976), advocate for refugees and migrants who was the first president of the International Catholic Migration Commission.
Alan Pasqua (born 1952), pianist, composer and jazz musician.
Dick Sweeney, businessman and co-founder of Keurig, developer of the K-Cup single coffee brewing system.
References
External links
Borough website
1901 establishments in New Jersey
Borough form of New Jersey government
Boroughs in Union County, New Jersey
Populated places established in 1901 | [
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125791 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotch%20Plains%2C%20New%20Jersey | Scotch Plains, New Jersey | Scotch Plains is a township in Union County, New Jersey, United States. The township is located on a ridge in northern-central New Jersey, within the Raritan Valley and Rahway Valley regions in the New York metropolitan area. As of the 2010 Census, the township's population was 23,510, reflecting an increase of 778 (+3.4%) from the 22,732 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 1,572 (+7.4%) from the 21,160 counted in 1990.
History
The area known as Scotch Plains was first settled by Europeans, including many Scottish Quakers as early as 1684. The name is said to have come from George Scott, a leader of a group of Scottish settlers. It later served as a stop on the stage coach line between New York City and Philadelphia.
The Ash Swamp in Scotch Plains was the scene of a key action in the Battle of Short Hills, on June 26, 1777, which included skirmishes as Washington's forces moved along Rahway Road in Scotch Plains toward the Watchung Mountains. An ancient house in Scotch Plains recalls those skirmishes and with the acreage adjoining the house, presents a vista of that decade, the 1770s. This was the home of Aunt Betty Frazee, whose retort to Lord Cornwallis led the British to find their bread from friendlier bakers in the same battle. The farmstead of Betty and Gershom Frazee is being restored by local organizations.
What is now Scotch Plains was originally incorporated as Fanwood Township on March 6, 1878, by an act of the New Jersey Legislature from portions of Plainfield Township and Westfield Township. Portions of the township were taken to form Fanwood Borough on October 2, 1895. Fanwood Township was renamed as Scotch Plains on March 29, 1917, based on the results of a referendum held that same day.
Scotch Plains was home to the Shady Rest Country Club, the nation's first African-American country club. Its pro, John Shippen, the first African-American golf professional, led the 1892 U.S. Open in the final round before finishing fifth. The Shady Rest clubhouse hosted Cab Calloway and other greats as a local center for African-American culture in the 1920s and 1930s. It is preserved today as the Scotch Hills Municipal course.
A much more complete history of the township can be found in the October 28, 1999, "Our Towns: Scotch Plains-Fanwood (2nd Annual)" issue of The Times of Scotch Plains-Fanwood, produced by the town's newspaper of record at the time as well as on the township's website.
The ancestors of many residents immigrated from the area of Montazzoli, Italy, as part of a wave of Italian immigrants who arrived in the area in the early 20th century. In recognition of this longstanding connection, the township established "Montazzoli Plaza" in October 2015 in front of the Italian American Club.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township had a total area of 9.06 square miles (23.46 km2), including 9.02 square miles (23.36 km2) of land and 0.04 square miles (0.09 km2) of water (0.40%).
The township borders the municipalities of Berkeley Heights, Clark, Fanwood, Mountainside, Plainfield and Westfield in Union County; Edison and South Plainfield in Middlesex County; and Watchung in Somerset County.
Unincorporated communities, localities and place names located partially or completely within the township include Alton, Goodmans, Graceland, Two Bridges and Willow Grove.
Demographics
Bloomberg Businessweek ranked Scotch Plains as the most affordable suburb in New Jersey in its 2009 report.
2010 Census
The Census Bureau's 2006–2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $104,873 (with a margin of error of +/− $6,397) and the median family income was $126,138 (+/− $7,410). Males had a median income of $90,016 (+/− $11,033) versus $66,022 (+/− $5,055) for females. The per capita income for the borough was $52,488 (+/− $3,094). About 1.3% of families and 3.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.7% of those under age 18 and 4.7% of those age 65 or over.
2000 Census
As of the 2000 United States Census there were 22,732 people, 8,349 households, and 6,295 families residing in the township . The population density was 2,503.3 inhabitants per square mile (966.6/km2). There were 8,479 housing units at an average density of 933.7 per square mile (360.5/km2). The racial makeup of the township was 78.88% White, 11.30% African American, 0.09% Native American, 7.25% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.95% from other races, and 1.52% from two or more races. 3.94% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There were 8,349 households, out of which 36.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.4% were married couples living together, 8.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.6% were non-families. 20.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.71 and the average family size was 3.16.
In the township the population was distributed with 25.4% under the age of 18, 4.7% from 18 to 24, 31.8% from 25 to 44, 24.0% from 45 to 64, and 14.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.8 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $81,599, and the median income for a family was $96,238. Males had a median income of $63,648 versus $43,714 for females. The per capita income for the township was $39,913. 3.0% of the population and 2.0% of families were below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 2.0% of those under the age of 18 and 7.0% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.
Parks and recreation
Parks in the township include:
Watchung Reservation is a nature reserve on the north side of the township that includes open space, playgrounds, nature trails, a nature and science center, gardens, stables, and many other amenities.
Ponderosa Farm Park is a park on Cooper Road. Modest park featuring playgrounds and a sprinkler area, plus open green spaces and restrooms.
Scotch Hills Municipal Golf Course, known as the Shady Rest Golf and Country Club before it was taken over by the township, was at one time the only African-American country club in the United States.
Ashbrook Golf Course, is a public golf course with 18-holes of championship golf as well as a 9-hole pitch and putt course located on Raritan Road in Scotch Plains. As of 2019, the new clubhouse and restaurant, The Tavern @ Ashbrook, opened for business.
Shackamaxon Country Club is a private golf course, swimming and tennis facility also hosting celebrations, founded in 1916 and is located on Shackamaxon Drive in Scotch Plains. Some of its 130+ acres occupy land in Westfield.
Willow Grove Swim Club: since 1958 Willow Grove has offered residents of Scotch Plains and the surrounding towns the haven of a pool and other activities set on five plus park-like acres. The club offers a 25-meter “L”-shaped, 6-lane pool with diving boards, and a separate gated baby pool. In addition to swimming, the club offers a large sandbox, basketball, ping-pong, pickleball, volleyball, tether ball, children's play structure, a large picnic area affectionately called "The Grove", and free Wi-Fi throughout the grounds. Adult and teen socials, barbecues, family fun nights and several special events for children are held throughout the season. For young swimmers, Willow Grove offers swim lessons and the club fields a swim team each summer, competing against other swim clubs in the immediate area.
Highland Swimming Club is a private swimming facility with a large L-shaped main pool and a smaller kiddie pool, a BBQ area, a small "Snack Shack", and play area. Its swim team competes against other private swim clubs in the area in meets held mostly in July. It also hosts an annual swim meet with a club from Derry, Northern Ireland.
Bowcraft Amusement Park was an amusement park located on Route 22 West that was featured in scenes in the films Mortal Thoughts (1991) and North (1994). It officially closed in 2018.
Government
Local government
Scotch Plains is governed within the Faulkner Act, formally known as the Optional Municipal Charter Law, under the Council-Manager form of New Jersey municipal government. The township is one of 42 municipalities (of the 565) statewide that use this form of government. The governing body is comprised of the Mayor and the four-member Township Council. Council members are elected at-large in partisan elections to serve four-year terms of office on a staggered basis in even-numbered years, with the Mayor and one of the council members elected in years divisible by four and the three other council seats coming up for election two years later. The Mayor and the Councilmembers are the only elected officials in the township government. The Mayor and Council then appoint a Township Manager, who serves as the chief executive officer of the Township, with the authority to appoint most subordinate personnel.
On January 1, 2021, Joshua G. Losardo (D) was sworn in as mayor of Scotch Plains. Mayor Losardo's term expires on December 31, 2024. As of January 1, 2021, the members of the Township Council are Deputy Mayor Elizabeth Stamler (D, 2022) and Council members Roshan "Roc" White (D, 2022) and Ellen Zimmerman (D, 2024).
The Chief of Police is Ted Conley.
Federal, state and county representation
Scotch Plains is split between the 7th and 12th Congressional Districts and is part of New Jersey's 22nd state legislative district. Prior to the 2010 Census, all of Scotch Plains had been part of the 7th Congressional District, a change made by the New Jersey Redistricting Commission that took effect in January 2013, based on the results of the November 2012 general elections. The redistricting plan that went into effect in 2013 put 1,091 residents from the extreme northernmost portion of the township into the 7th District, with the remaining 22,419 put into the 12th District.
Politics
As of March 23, 2011, there were a total of 15,979 registered voters in Scotch Plains Township, of which 5,061 (31.7% vs. 41.8% countywide) were registered as Democrats, 3,562 (22.3% vs. 15.3%) were registered as Republicans and 7,346 (46.0% vs. 42.9%) were registered as Unaffiliated. There were 10 voters registered to other parties. Among the township's 2010 Census population, 68.0% (vs. 53.3% in Union County) were registered to vote, including 91.7% of those ages 18 and over (vs. 70.6% countywide).
In the 2012 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 6,801 votes (54.8% vs. 66.0% countywide), ahead of Republican Mitt Romney with 5,394 votes (43.5% vs. 32.3%) and other candidates with 135 votes (1.1% vs. 0.8%), among the 12,407 ballots cast by the township's 16,820 registered voters, for a turnout of 73.8% (vs. 68.8% in Union County). In the 2008 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 7,094 votes (55.0% vs. 63.1% countywide), ahead of Republican John McCain with 5,603 votes (43.5% vs. 35.2%) and other candidates with 109 votes (0.8% vs. 0.9%), among the 12,894 ballots cast by the township's 16,359 registered voters, for a turnout of 78.8% (vs. 74.7% in Union County). In the 2004 presidential election, Democrat John Kerry received 6,134 votes (51.0% vs. 58.3% countywide), ahead of Republican George W. Bush with 5,757 votes (47.9% vs. 40.3%) and other candidates with 83 votes (0.7% vs. 0.7%), among the 12,018 ballots cast by the township's 15,361 registered voters, for a turnout of 78.2% (vs. 72.3% in the whole county).
In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 60.8% of the vote (4,504 cast), ahead of Democrat Barbara Buono with 37.8% (2,804 votes), and other candidates with 1.4% (105 votes), among the 7,532 ballots cast by the township's 16,527 registered voters (119 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 45.6%. In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 4,381 votes (50.8% vs. 41.7% countywide), ahead of Democrat Jon Corzine with 3,480 votes (40.4% vs. 50.6%), Independent Chris Daggett with 633 votes (7.3% vs. 5.9%) and other candidates with 68 votes (0.8% vs. 0.8%), among the 8,619 ballots cast by the township's 16,122 registered voters, yielding a 53.5% turnout (vs. 46.5% in the county).
Education
Public school students in Scotch Plains attend the schools of the Scotch Plains-Fanwood Regional School District, which serves students in pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade from the Borough of Fanwood and the Township of Scotch Plains. The district has five elementary schools (PreK-Grade 4), two middle schools (Grades 5–8) and a comprehensive high school (Grades 9–12). The district has five elementary schools (PreK/K-4), two middle schools (5–8) and a comprehensive high school (9–12), all of which are located in Scotch Plains. Students from School One, Evergreen and Brunner pool into Park Middle School, while students from Coles and McGinn feed into Terrill. School One is the only elementary school that teaches English as a second language. As of the 2018–19 school year, the district, comprised of eight schools, had an enrollment of 5,649 students and 438.0 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 12.9:1. Schools in the district (with 2018–19 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics) are
Howard B. Brunner Elementary School with 414 students in grades PreK-4,
J. Ackerman Coles School with 552 students in grades PreK-4,
Evergreen School with 402 students in grades PreK-4,
William J. McGinn School with 512 students in grades K-4,
School One with 395 students in grades PreK-4,
Park Middle School with 909 students in grades 5–8,
Terrill Middle School with 811 students in grades 5-8 and
Scotch Plains-Fanwood High School with 1,574 students in grades 9–12. Seats on the district's nine-member board of education are allocated based on the population of the constituent districts, with seven seats assigned to Scotch Plains.
Shackamaxon School, was built in 1951 (the same year as Evergreen School) and operated until 1981, when it was leased to the Jewish Federation of Central New Jersey as their Jewish Community Center and offices. The Federation bought the building outright five years later.
The Union County Vocational Technical Schools includes the Union County Magnet High School, the Academy for Information Technology, the Union County Academy for Allied Health Sciences, the Union County Academy for Performing Arts, and the Vocational-Technical School. The grouping of different schools is for vocational as well as gifted students, publicly funded by the combined taxes of Union County municipalities.
Union Catholic Regional High School (often abbreviated UC), a private Roman Catholic school, brings in students from Union County and parts of Essex and Middlesex counties and operates under the supervision of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Newark. The Newark Archdiocese also supervises operation of the K-8 St. Bartholomew Academy.
Union County College has a facility in Scotch Plains.
Transportation
Roads and highways
, the township had a total of of roadways, of which were maintained by the municipality, by Union County and by the New Jersey Department of Transportation.
The two major roads that pass through are Route 28 for a brief stretch in the central part and U.S. Route 22 in the north.
The township is accessible from major limited access highways in neighboring communities, such as Interstate 78 in both Watchung and Berkeley Heights, the Garden State Parkway in Clark and Interstate 287 in Edison Township.
Public transportation
Scotch Plains is bisected by NJ Transit's Raritan Valley Line, formerly the mainline of the Central Railroad of New Jersey. A passenger station is located in Fanwood. Another rail line, the Lehigh Line, carries freight trains through the southernmost tip of the township.
New Jersey Transit offers service on the 112, 113, 114 and 117 routes to the Port Authority Bus Terminal in Midtown Manhattan, and service to Newark on the 59, 65 and 66 (Limited) routes.
Newark Liberty International Airport is approximately east of Scotch Plains, most conveniently reached via Route 22, and Linden Airport, a general aviation facility is in nearby Linden, New Jersey. Newark Liberty International Airport is also accessible via New Jersey Transit train by transferring from the Raritan Valley Line to the Northeast Corridor Line at Newark Penn Station.
Scotch Plains also has access to Amtrak service, by taking the Raritan Valley Line to Newark Penn Station. This gives Scotch Plains rail access to destinations along the entire east coast.
News coverage
The township falls in the New York media market, with daily news being based in New York City. Its weekly newspaper of record is the Scotch Plains-Fanwood Times, also publisher of the neighboring town's newspaper of record, The Westfield Leader.
Housing developments
The following housing developments exist in Scotch Plains:
Stirling Chase
New development located off Martine Avenue by Union Catholic.
Erected in the early 1990s, it used to be a cow farm.
It has its own tennis courts for residents.
Berwyck Chase
Located behind Coles School, it was built by the same development company that built Stirling Chase to be a more affordable place to live than Stirling.
It has its own swimming pool and two tennis courts for residents.
Canterbury
A small and quiet neighborhood located north of Route 22 completely isolated from the rest of Scotch Plains.
Goodman's Crossing
Complex of townhouses between Scotch Plains and Clark.
Robinson's Creek runs through it and has been tested by the United States Environmental Protection Agency and confirmed to be toxic.
Crestwood
Built in the 1940s, a development of several unique Cape-Cod style homes on the border of Westfield, many of which have been knocked down with newer and larger homes rebuilt.
The Reserve
K. Hovnanian recently built townhomes ranging from 2,000 to 2,500 square feet in size, located behind US 22, originally selling for up to $500,000.
Woodland Estates
Homes built by K. Hovnanian on the Scotch Plains/Plainfield border
Points of interest
The Aunt Betty Frazee House is a farmhouse of a colonial-era couple Gershom and Elizabeth Frazee, the latter of whom was approached by British generals in 1777 who sought to buy bread she'd been baking that day. Aunt Betty's famous retort ("I offer this bread not in love but in fear" — whereupon the generals courteously abandoned their effort to buy) puts her in company with Betsy Ross, Molly Pitcher and other women who distinguished themselves in the American Revolution. Her house is on state and national historic registers, and many in the community are seeking a way of restoring the house (at 1451 Raritan Road) to honor Betty's story and secure it in American history.
Osborn-Cannonball House Museum is a historic home located at 1840 Front Street that is operated by The Historical Society of Scotch Plains and Fanwood New Jersey.
Hillside Cemetery is the burial site of Dudley Moore and Senator James Edgar Martine.
The Stage House Inn was constructed in 1737 and is still in use as a bar/restaurant. It was a primary meeting place for troop messengers and officers during the Revolutionary War; in fact, General Lafayette is known to have stopped at the inn while General George Washington was nearby.
John's Meat Market is the site of Mr. T's reality TV show for TV Land.
John H. Stamler Police Academy trains officers and volunteers throughout Union County and is located on Raritan Road.
The Jewish Federation of Central New Jersey has its Jewish Community Center and offices on Martine Avenue.
Notable people
People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Scotch Plains include:
Audrey Assad (born 1983), contemporary Christian music artist with Sparrow Records.
Alan Augustine (1928–2001), politician who served as Mayor of Scotch Plains, councilman, freeholder and in the New Jersey General Assembly, representing the 22nd Legislative District.
Thomas J. Barr (1812–1881), politician who represented New York's 4th congressional district from 1859 to 1861.
Hank Beenders (1916–2003), early professional basketball player.
Carol Bellamy (born 1942), former executive director of UNICEF and director of the Peace Corps.
David S. Blitzer (born 1970), part owner of the New Jersey Devils of the National Hockey League, Philadelphia 76ers of the National Basketball Association who is a senior executive at the Blackstone Group.
Judy Blume (born 1938), author, lived in Scotch Plains while writing the classic Fudge series of children's books.
Derrick Caracter (born 1988), power forward/center for the University of Texas-El Paso Miners team who was drafted by the Los Angeles Lakers in the 2010 NBA Draft.
Abraham Coles (1813–1891), physician, translator, author and poet.
Ezra Darby (1768–1808), politician who represented New Jersey's at-large congressional district from 1805 until his death.
Donald DiFrancesco (born 1944), former Governor of New Jersey and Senate President.
Pat DiNizio (1955–2017), singer/songwriter for The Smithereens.
Jerome Epstein (born 1937), politician who served in the New Jersey Senate and then went to federal prison for being a pirate.
John Gano (1727–1804), chaplain who baptized George Washington.
Rashan Gary (born 1997), defensive tackle for the Michigan Wolverines football team.
Ashton Gibbs (born 1990), starting point-guard for the Pittsburgh Panthers men's basketball team.
Sterling Gibbs (born 1993), professional basketball player for Kolossos Rodou of the Greek Basket League.
Scott Goldblatt (born 1979), swimmer who won a gold medal at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens and a silver medal at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia, with both medals earned in the 4 × 200 m Freestyle Relay.
Jeffrey Hammonds (born 1971), former MLB outfielder who had one all-star appearance in his 13 seasons.
Isaac Heller (1926–2015), toy manufacturer who co-founded Remco
Jerome Hines (1921–2003), opera singer.
Tom Jackson (born 1948), former football player and coach who was head football coach at the University of Connecticut from 1983 to 1993.
Nate Jones (born 1982), cornerback for the Denver Broncos.
Hillary Klimowicz (born 1987), basketball player who has played for Limoges ABC.
Christian J. Lambertsen (1917-2011), environmental medicine and diving medicine specialist who developed the United States Navy frogmen's rebreathers in the early 1940s and created the acronym "SCUBA".
Mary LeSawyer (1917–2004), opera singer.
Joseph Malchow (born 1985), technology executive and venture capital investor.
Bryan Meredith (born 1989), goalkeeper who has played for the Seattle Sounders FC and San Jose Earthquakes of the MLS.
James Murphy (born 1997), soccer player who currently plays as a midfielder for USL Championship club Rio Grande Valley FC.
John Murphy (born 2000), soccer player who last played as a midfielder for USL Championship club Loudoun United.
Renaldo Nehemiah (born 1959), track star who set world record in the 110 meter hurdles, NFL wide receiver for the San Francisco 49ers and the only four-time winner of ABC's Superstar competition.
Amy Ellis Nutt journalist and New York Times bestselling author, who was the recipient of the 2011 Pulitzer Prize for Feature Writing for her reporting at The Star-Ledger.
Thomas W. Osborn (1833–1898), Union Army officer who represented Florida in the United States Senate.
John Pak (born 1998), golfer.
Joe J. Plumeri (born 1944), Chairman & CEO of Willis Group and owner of the Trenton Thunder.
John F. Rague (1799–1877), architect who designed and built the 1837 Old Capitol of Illinois and the 1840 Territorial Capitol of Iowa.
Cynthia Sayer (born 1956), jazz banjoist.
Joe Scarpati (born 1943), holder for Tom Dempsey's record field goal in 1970.
Marc Shaiman (born 1959), composer and arranger who has worked on the musical Hairspray and the film South Park: Bigger, Longer & Uncut.
John H. Stamler (1938–1990), Union County, New Jersey prosecutor, who was New Jersey's first three-term County Prosecutor.
Enzo Stuarti (1919–2005), tenor, musical theater performer.
Samuel Swan (1771–1844), physician and politician who represented New Jersey's at-large congressional district from 1821 to 1831.
Lance Thomas (born 1988), power forward / center for the New York Knicks.
Frank Thorne (born 1930), comic book artist and writer best known for popularizing the Marvel Comics character Red Sonja.
Troi Torain (born 1964), radio host and "Star" of Star and Bucwild.
David S. Ware (born 1949), jazz musician.
Melissa Murphy Weber (born 1969), attorney and politician who served in the Pennsylvania House of Representatives from 2003 to 2004.
References
External links
Scotch Plains website
Scotch Plains-Fanwood Regional School District
School Data for the Scotch Plains-Fanwood Regional School District, National Center for Education Statistics
Scotch Plains Historical Society (collection on the Internet Archive)
1878 establishments in New Jersey
Faulkner Act (council–manager)
Populated places established in 1878
Scottish-American culture in New Jersey
Townships in Union County, New Jersey | [
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125792 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield%20Township%2C%20Union%20County%2C%20New%20Jersey | Springfield Township, Union County, New Jersey | Springfield Township is a township in Union County, New Jersey, United States. The township is located on a ridge in northern-central New Jersey, within the Raritan Valley and Rahway Valley regions in the New York metropolitan area. As of the 2010 United States Census, the township's population was 15,817, the highest recorded at any decennial census, reflecting an increase of 1,388 (+9.6%) from the 14,429 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 1,009 (+7.5%) from the 13,420 counted in the 1990 Census. Recent housing construction has pushed the township's population to 17,464 as of the 2019 census estimate.
Springfield was formed as a township on April 14, 1794, from portions of Elizabeth Township and Newark Township, while the area was still part of Essex County, and was incorporated as one of New Jersey's first 104 townships by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on February 21, 1798. It became part of the newly formed Union County on March 19, 1857, with portions remaining in Essex County used to create Millburn. Other portions of the township have been taken to form New Providence Township (November 8, 1809, now known as Berkeley Heights), Livingston (February 5, 1813), Summit (March 23, 1869) and Cranford (March 14, 1871). The township's name derives from springs and brooks in the area.
The Battle of Springfield was fought here, the last of many battles of the American Revolutionary War to be fought in New Jersey.
Springfield is the home of the Baltusrol Golf Club, which was the host to the 2016 PGA Championship. It has also hosted other golf major championships, including the U.S. Open, held on seven occasions at Baltusrol, most recently in 1993. Golfweek magazine ranked Baltusrol as the 36th best in its 2010 rankings of the "Best Classic Courses" in the country.
New Jersey Monthly magazine ranked Springfield as the 85th best place to live in New Jersey in its 2010 rankings of the "Best Places To Live" in New Jersey.
History
Springfield is celebrated as the site of a Battle of Springfield between the American Continental Army and British forces on June 23, 1780. The British, under Hessian General Wilhelm von Knyphausen, advanced from Elizabethtown about 5 o'clock in the morning. They were opposed by General Nathanael Greene, but owing to the superior number of the enemy he was compelled to evacuate Springfield, which was then burned by the British. During the action the Rev. James Caldwell, chaplain in the New Jersey brigade, is said to have distributed the Watts hymn books from the neighboring Presbyterian Church among the soldiers for wadding, saying at the same time, "Now put Watts into them, boys." This battle prevented further advance on the part of the British. The American loss was about 15 and that of the British about 150.
Some historical landmarks from the Revolution still stand: the Cannon Ball House, which has since been converted into a museum, was (according to the township's official website) "Built circa 1741 and served as a farmhouse at the time of the Revolutionary War. During the Battle of Springfield (June 23, 1780) the British used it as a hospital. ... It was one of only three buildings left standing when all others including the Presbyterian Church where Reverend James Caldwell had taken Watts hymnbooks for rifle wadding, were set on fire. ... In later years the house became a tavern to serve travelers on Morris (Ave) Turnpike. The farmland was later sold off, and it served then as a private residence. The property was acquired by the Springfield Historical Society in 1955. It has become known as The Cannon Ball House because a cannonball was found on the west side embedded in a beam. ... The Cannon Ball House has five revolutionary era rooms, some American Civil War items, early tools, a Battle diorama and a colonial garden. It has just been (1998) renovated to its original appearance and color."
After being burned down by the British, First Presbyterian Church was rebuilt. A statue of a Continental soldier was erected in 1903 at the site of the smallest state park in New Jersey.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township had a total area of 5.17 square miles (13.40 km2), including 5.16 square miles (13.36 km2) of land and 0.02 square miles (0.04 km2) of water (0.31%).
The Township of Springfield is located on the northern edge of Union County and is bordered by Millburn to the north in Essex County, by Union Township to the east, by Kenilworth to the southeast, by Westfield and Cranford to the south, by Mountainside to the southwest and by Summit to the northwest.
Unincorporated communities, localities and place names located partially or completely within the township include Baltusrol, Branch Mills and Milltown.
Parks and recreation
The Rahway River Parkway greenway along the Rahway River runs through the township.
Parks include:
Briant Park
Lenape Park
Demographics
2010 Census
The Census Bureau's 2006-2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $84,038 (with a margin of error of +/- $8,139) and the median family income was $111,359 (+/- $8,121). Males had a median income of $74,335 (+/- $7,959) versus $62,859 (+/- $6,250) for females. The per capita income for the township was $46,393 (+/- $3,175). About 2.9% of families and 6.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 1.9% of those under age 18 and 5.6% of those age 65 or over.
2000 Census
As of the 2000 United States Census there were 14,429 people, 6,001 households, and 4,014 families residing in the township. The population density was 2,801.8 people per square mile (1,081.8/km2). There were 6,204 housing units at an average density of 1,204.7 per square mile (465.1/km2). The racial makeup of the township was 89.72% White, 3.72% African American, 0.02% Native American, 4.69% Asian, 0.96% from other races, and 0.89% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 4.14% of the population.
There were 6,001 households, out of which 27.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.9% were married couples living together, 7.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.1% were non-families. 28.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.40 and the average family size was 2.98.
In the township the population was spread out, with 20.6% under the age of 18, 4.7% from 18 to 24, 29.4% from 25 to 44, 24.7% from 45 to 64, and 20.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.0 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $73,790, and the median income for a family was $85,725. Males had a median income of $55,907 versus $39,542 for females. The per capita income for the township was $36,754. About 1.8% of families and 3.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 1.0% of those under age 18 and 5.8% of those age 65 or over.
Government
Local government
The Township of Springfield is governed under the Township form of New Jersey municipal government, one of 141 municipalities (of the 565) statewide that use this form, the second-most commonly used form of government in the state. The Township Committee is comprised of five members, who are elected directly by the voters at-large in partisan elections to serve three-year terms of office on a staggered basis, with either one or two seats coming up for election each year as part of the November general election in a three-year cycle. At an annual reorganization meeting, usually held on the first day of January, the committee selects one of its members to serve as Mayor and another as Deputy Mayor.
, members of the Springfield Township Committee members are Mayor Christopher Weber (D, term on committee and as mayor ends December 31, 2021), Deputy Mayor Alex Keiser(D, term on committee ends 2021; term as deputy mayor ends 2021), Erica DuBois (D, 2022), Richard Huber (D, 2022) and Christopher Capodice (D, 2023).
In the November 2012 general election, voters approved the formation of a Charter Study Commission that would consider the possibility of changing the existing township form of government and may recommend changing to one the forms available under the Faulkner Act (mayor-council, council-manager, small municipality or mayor-council-administrator), one of the other available forms or to leave the form of government unchanged.
Federal, state and county representation
Springfield Township is located in the 7th Congressional District and is part of New Jersey's 21st state legislative district.
Politics
As of March 23, 2011, there were a total of 10,078 registered voters in Springfield Township, of which 3,271 (32.5% vs. 41.8% countywide) were registered as Democrats, 1,795 (17.8% vs. 15.3%) were registered as Republicans and 5,007 (49.7% vs. 42.9%) were registered as Unaffiliated. There were 5 voters registered to other parties. Among the township's 2010 Census population, 63.7% (vs. 53.3% in Union County) were registered to vote, including 80.7% of those ages 18 and over (vs. 70.6% countywide).
In the 2012 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 4,083 votes (55.3% vs. 66.0% countywide), ahead of Republican Mitt Romney with 3,179 votes (43.0% vs. 32.3%) and other candidates with 63 votes (0.9% vs. 0.8%), among the 7,388 ballots cast by the township's 10,772 registered voters, for a turnout of 68.6% (vs. 68.8% in Union County). In the 2008 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 4,328 votes (53.9% vs. 63.1% countywide), ahead of Republican John McCain with 3,548 votes (44.2% vs. 35.2%) and other candidates with 82 votes (1.0% vs. 0.9%), among the 8,033 ballots cast by the township's 10,379 registered voters, for a turnout of 77.4% (vs. 74.7% in Union County). In the 2004 presidential election, Democrat John Kerry received 4,246 votes (55.1% vs. 58.3% countywide), ahead of Republican George W. Bush with 3,372 votes (43.8% vs. 40.3%) and other candidates with 49 votes (0.6% vs. 0.7%), among the 7,703 ballots cast by the township's 9,885 registered voters, for a turnout of 77.9% (vs. 72.3% in the whole county).
In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 57.0% of the vote (2,624 cast), ahead of Democrat Barbara Buono with 41.7% (1,921 votes), and other candidates with 1.3% (59 votes), among the 4,723 ballots cast by the township's 10,771 registered voters (119 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 43.8%. In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 2,477 votes (46.0% vs. 41.7% countywide), ahead of Democrat Jon Corzine with 2,447 votes (45.5% vs. 50.6%), Independent Chris Daggett with 359 votes (6.7% vs. 5.9%) and other candidates with 28 votes (0.5% vs. 0.8%), among the 5,380 ballots cast by the township's 10,214 registered voters, yielding a 52.7% turnout (vs. 46.5% in the county).
Education
The Springfield Public Schools serve students in pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade. As of the 2018–19 school year, the district, comprised of five schools, had an enrollment of 2,273 students and 167.5 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 13.6:1. All of the township's schools are named after notable Springfieldians. For instance, the township's high school is named after Jonathan Dayton, a signer of the United States Constitution. Schools in the district (with 2018–19 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics) are
Edward V. Walton Early Childhood Center with 627 students in grades PreK-2,
James Caldwell Elementary School with 255 students in grades 3-5,
Thelma L. Sandmeier Elementary School with 261 students in grades 3-5,
Florence M. Gaudineer Middle School with 512 students in grades 6-8 and
Jonathan Dayton High School with 578 students in grades 9-12.
Adjacent to Florence M. Gaudineer Middle School is Saint James the Apostle School, a Catholic school serving students in pre-kindergarten through eighth grades with an enrollment of 148 students, operating under the auspices of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Newark.
Transportation
Roads and highways
, the township had a total of of roadways, of which were maintained by the municipality, by Union County and by the New Jersey Department of Transportation.
A number of major highways and roadways pass through Springfield, including Interstate 78, U.S. Route 22, NJ Routes 24 and 124, as well as CR 509 Spur and CR 577.
Public transportation
NJ Transit provides bus service to the Port Authority Bus Terminal in Midtown Manhattan in New York City and to points in New Jersey including Newark Penn Station. Parking is available for a fee at a municipal lot near the center of town (Hannah Street and Center Street) and in the Duffy's Corner lot at Morris and Caldwell Place, which provide easy access to all NJ Transit buses that run through town. Annual permits are available from the town hall.
Although there is no train station in Springfield, the Millburn and Short Hills NJ Transit stations are located nearby, though neither allows commuter-hour parking for non-residents, and parking hours are very limited even on weekends. The closest stations that allow out-of-town residents access to parking are Maplewood and Summit, although both are full to capacity very early on weekdays. The 70 bus provides access from the center of town to NJ Transit's Summit and Millburn stations; Eastbound it terminates at NJ Transit's Newark Penn Station with connections to Amtrak, NJ Transit trains to New York Penn Station, and Port Authority Trans-Hudson (PATH) trains. The township also runs a jitney that operates on weekdays during morning and evening rush hours from the community pool to NJ Transit's Short Hills station. NJ Transit buses 65, 66 and 70 (to Newark), the 114 (to Midtown Manhattan's Port Authority Bus Terminal) and local service on the 52 route also run along the town's major roadways.
Newark Liberty International Airport is approximately east of Springfield.
Historical transportation
The Rahway Valley Railroad passed through the community, and during the early 20th century offered both freight and passenger service, but is currently out of service. The section of the railway that extended from Springfield to Summit was taken out of service in 1976, though special trains were operated to provide service to Baltusrol during the 1980 U.S. Open.
A trolley line called the Morris County Traction Company, ran trolley service through Springfield to/from Newark and Morris County, in the early part of the 20th century.
Notable people
People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Springfield Township include:
Dan Avidan (born 1979), lead singer-songwriter of Ninja Sex Party, Shadow Academy and Starbomb; co-host of web series Game Grumps
Lou Campanelli (born 1938), basketball coach
Anthony Cioffi (born 1994), football safety; played college football for Rutgers University and was signed by the Oakland Raiders
Jonas Coe (1805–1864), naval commander in Argentina and Uruguay
Jon Denning (born 1987), NASCAR driver
Jeannette DePalma (1956–1972), murder victim found in Houdaille Quarry whose unsolved case has become a matter of significant controversy thanks in part to coverage in Weird NJ magazine
Ina Drew, former Chief Investment Officer at JP Morgan Chase who resigned following the 2012 JPMorgan Chase trading loss that resulted in billions in losses to the bank
George A. Halsey (1827–1894), politician; represented New Jersey's 5th congressional district in Congress 1867–1869 and 1871–1873
Toni Kalem (born 1951), actress, screenwriter and director; best known for her portrayal of Angie Bonpensiero on the HBO series The Sopranos
Louis Keller (1857–1922), publisher, social arbiter of high society and golf club owner, best known as the founder of the Baltusrol Golf Club and as the first publisher of the Social Register
Donald Lan (born 1930), politician; Secretary of State of New Jersey, 1977–1982
George Low Jr. (1912–1995), professional golfer; better known as a putting instructor and hustler
George Low Sr. (1874–1950), Scottish-American professional golfer who finished tied for second place in the 1899 U.S. Open championship
Dina Matos (born 1966), former First Lady of New Jersey
Gail J. McGovern (born 1952), businessperson who has served as President and CEO of the American Red Cross
Mark Melni, pianist and inventor
Curt Merz (born 1938), professional American football guard who played seven seasons in the American Football League for the Kansas City Chiefs.
Jackie Nese (born 1997), singer/songwriter, dancer, actor, who was a contestant on American Idol in 2015.
Dylan O'Brien (born 1991), actor
Harry Pappas, politician who served on the Springfield Township Committee, has held posts in the Democratic and Republican parties in New Jersey and is a perennial candidate for public office
Bernard Purdie (born 1941), prolific session drummer
Claudio Reyna (born 1973), professional soccer player
Jeff Ross (born 1965 as Jeffrey Ross Lifschultz), comedian
George Erik Rupp (born 1942), former President of Rice University and Columbia University; has headed the International Rescue Committee since 2002
Gabe Saporta (born 1979), lead singer and primary creative force behind the band Cobra Starship
Joe Schaffernoth (born 1937), pitcher who played for the Chicago Cubs and Cleveland Indians
Barbara Tropp (1948–2001), chef and cookery writer who helped introduce Americans to Chinese cuisine.
Zygi Wilf (born 1950), owner of the Minnesota Vikings
James Yee (born c. 1968), former United States Army chaplain with the rank of captain; best known for being subject to an intense investigation by the United States, but all charges were later dropped
References
External links
Official website
Springfield Public Schools
School data for the Springfield Public Schools, National Center for Education Statistics
Evangel Baptist Church of Springfield, New Jersey
1794 establishments in New Jersey
Populated places established in 1794
Township form of New Jersey government
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|
125793 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield%2C%20New%20Jersey | Springfield, New Jersey | Springfield, New Jersey may refer to:
Springfield Township, Burlington County, New Jersey
Springfield Township, Union County, New Jersey
Springfield/Belmont, Newark, New Jersey, a neighborhood of Newark
See also
Springfield (disambiguation) | [
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125794 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summit%2C%20New%20Jersey | Summit, New Jersey | Summit is a city in Union County, New Jersey, United States. The city is located on a ridge in northern-central New Jersey, within the Raritan Valley and Rahway Valley regions in the New York metropolitan area. At the 2010 United States Census, the city's population was 21,457, reflecting an increase of 326 (+1.5%) from the 21,131 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 1,374 (+7.0%) from the 19,757 counted in the 1990 Census.
Originally incorporated as Summit Township by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on March 23, 1869, from portions of New Providence Township (now Berkeley Heights) and Springfield Township, Summit was reincorporated as a city on March 8, 1899.
Possible derivations of Summit's name include its location atop the Second Watchung Mountain; the Summit Lodge, the house to which jurist James Kent moved in 1837 and which stands today at 50 Kent Place Boulevard; and to a local sawmill owner who granted passage to the Morris and Essex Railroad for a route to "the summit of the Short Hills".
Summit had the 16th-highest per capita income in the state as of the 2000 Census. According to Bloomberg, Summit ranked as the 70th highest-income place in the United States in 2017, 72nd in 2018 (with an average household income of $220,971), and 65th in 2019.
History
18th century
The region in which Summit is located was purchased from Native Americans on October 28, 1664. Summit's earliest European settlers came to the area around the year 1710. The original name of Summit was "Turkey Hill" to distinguish it from the area then known as "Turkey" (New Providence's original name until 1759). During the American Revolutionary War, Summit was known as "Beacon Hill", because bonfire beacons were lit on an eastern ridge in Summit to warn the New Jersey militiamen of approaching British troops.
Summit was called the "Heights over Springfield" during the late 18th century and most of the 19th century, and was considered a part of New Providence. During this period, Summit was part of Springfield Township, which eventually broke up into separate municipalities. Eventually, only Summit and New Providence remained joined.
19th century
Lord Chancellor James Kent, a Chancellor of New York State and author of Commentaries on American Law, retired to this area in 1837 in a house he called Summit Lodge (perhaps a namesake of the town) on what is now called Kent Place Boulevard. He lived there until 1847. Today, the lodge is part of a large mansion, at 50 Kent Place Boulevard, opposite Kent Place School.
In 1837, the Morris and Essex Railroad, which became the Delaware Lackawanna and Western Railroad and is now NJ Transit's Morris and Essex Lines, was built over what was then called "The Summit" hill, a name later shortened to Summit. The railroad allowed Summit to outgrow neighboring New Providence, which didn't have a train station. In 1868, a hotel named "The Summit House" burned beside the railroad. In 1869, Summit and New Providence separated and the Summit area was incorporated as the "Township of Summit". In the late 19th century, the area began shifting from farmland to wealthy estates; in 1892, renowned architect C. Abbott French cleared away a crest of a "summit ridge", removing "an impenetrable tangle of wild vines ... and myriads of rattlesnakes," to build a house with a view of New York City, The Times Building, and the Brooklyn Bridge. The present-day incarnation of Summit, known formally as the City of Summit, was incorporated on April 11, 1899.
During this time, Summit was the home of America's "antivice crusader", Anthony Comstock, who moved there about 1880 and built a house in 1892 at 35 Beekman Road, where he died in 1915.
In the 19th century, Summit served as a nearby getaway spot for wealthy residents of New York City in search of fresh air. Weekenders or summer vacationers would reach Summit by train and relax at large hotels and smaller inns and guest houses. Calvary Episcopal Church was built in 1894–95; the New York Times called it a "handsome new house of worship".
20th century
Silk weaving, which had thrived as an industry in the late 19th century, declined in the early decades of the 20th. In 1915, there was a strike at the Summit Silk Company on Weaver Street. In the early 20th century, there was much building; in 1909, one report suggested at least 40 residences were being built (some with stables) with costs varying from $4,500 to $45,000, making it "one of the greatest periods of building activity this place, the Hill City, has known."
A new railway was constructed from what was then-called New Orange. The Rahway Valley Railroad connected Summit with the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad (DL&W). In the early 20th century, both freight and passenger service were offered by this line. (Although in 2009, Union County was exploring the possibility of reactivating the long-dormant line for freight traffic.) A trolley line called the Morris County Traction Company, once ran a passenger trolley through Summit to/from Newark and Morris County, in the early part of the 20th century. Broad Street in Summit was designed and built for the trolley, which is why it is wider and straighter than most streets in the city. Portions of the rails could still be seen on it as late as the 1980s.
Relations between city authorities and businesses have not always been smooth; in 1898, city authorities and the New York and New Jersey Telephone Company had disputes about wires and telephone poles; the city acted and "wires and cables of the company were cut from the poles." There were disputes between Summit's commuters and the Lackawanna railroad about walkways; in one incident in 1905, "a number of passengers seeking to board the 6:35 train found their way barred. They made a united rush, and when the dust cleared away, the door wasn't there. It is said the company will put the door back. The commuters say they will remove it as often as it is replaced."
Following World War II, the city experienced a great building boom, as living outside New York City and commuting to work became more common and the population of New Jersey grew. At this point, Summit took on its suburban character of tree lined streets and architect-designed houses that it is known for today.
In the late 1970s, Summit had a mini-bus system, with three long circular routes through most parts of Summit that were primarily designed to bring commuters to the railroad station downtown. The Velvet Underground played their first paid concert at a Summit High School prom.
21st century
More than a dozen Summit residents died in the September 11 terrorist attacks. Many worked in the World Trade Center, and commuted by rail to Hoboken. A few days after the attacks, townspeople assembled on the town green while a minister "called out the names of a dozen residents still unaccounted for after Tuesday's attack on the World Trade Center. Others in the crowd of nearly 2,000 called out names he had left out." A few World Trade Center firms moved to Summit.
Summit has consistently ranked high in NJMonthly's biennial Top 100 Towns. In 2019, Summit was ranked the second best place to live.
In 2005, star baseball athlete Willie Wilson and former Summit graduate returned to Summit High School. Wilson said: "To me, Summit is a special place ... It's where it all began and I have great memories. This is where I want to help kids and youth baseball, and I want my own son and daughter to come and help me create something here." During the economic downturn of 2008–2009, Summit was listed as #6 on a list of American communities "likely to be pummeled by the economic crisis." Crime is generally not bad in the city; the summer 2010 assault of Abelino Mazariego-Torres during a robbery attempt gone awry shocked residents in what one person described as a "very small and very peaceful town." Several youths were charged in the murder.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city had a total area of 6.05 square miles (15.66 km2), including 5.99 square miles (15.52 km2) of land and 0.05 square miles (0.13 km2) of water (0.84%). It is about west of Manhattan.
Springfield Avenue is the town's main street.
Unincorporated communities, localities and place names located partially or completely within the city include Brantwood Park and Tall Oaks.
It is bordered to the northeast by Millburn in Essex County, to the northwest by Chatham and Chatham Township, both in Morris County, to the west by New Providence, to the southwest by Berkeley Heights, to the south by Mountainside and to the southeast by Springfield Township.
Demographics
The city has long been popular with traders, investment bankers, and money managers, with nearly 20% of Summit's residents working in finance and real estate. One report said that Manhattan's financial elite prefers living in Summit because of large houses, great schools, and NJ Transit's rail link to Manhattan's financial district.
2010 Census
The Census Bureau's 2006-2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $109,602 and the median family income was $145,083. Males had a median income of $109,608 (+/- $15,245) versus $61,368 (+/- $8,854) for females. The per capita income for the city was $70,574. About 4.4% of families and 6.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.4% of those under age 18 and 5.9% of those age 65 or over.
2000 Census
At the 2000 United States Census there were 21,131 people, 7,897 households and 5,606 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,490.7 per square mile (1,348.5/km2). There were 8,146 housing units at an average density of 1,345.7 per square mile (519.9/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 87.77% White, 4.33% African American, 0.09% Native American, 4.45% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 1.70% from other races, and 1.65% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 10.17% of the population.
There were 7,897 households, of which 35.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.1% were married couples living together, 7.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.0% were non-families. 23.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.67 and the average family size was 3.18.
Age distribution was 27.0% under the age of 18, 4.4% from 18 to 24, 33.0% from 25 to 44, 22.5% from 45 to 64, and 13.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.1 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $92,964, and the median income for a family was $117,053. Males had a median income of $85,625 versus $46,811 for females. The per capita income for the city was $62,598. About 2.5% of families and 4.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.1% of those under age 18 and 4.3% of those age 65 or over.
Economy
Corporate residents of Summit include:
Celgene is a biotechnology company and the largest corporate tax-payer in Summit. Its facilities in the eastern part of Summit underwent recent expansion. It recently purchased a campus on the western part of Summit, formerly owned by Merck & Co. (formerly Schering Plough pharmaceuticals until a 2009 merger) these facilities were previously home to Novartis and, before that, Ciba.
Overlook Medical Center is located on a hill with views of the Manhattan skyline and is operated by the Atlantic Health System and features the Atlantic Neuroscience Institute, the Carol G. Simon Cancer Center and the Gagnon Cardiovascular Institute.
Whiptail Technologies is a maker of solid state storage appliances.
Hibernia Atlantic is headquartered in Summit and is a transatlantic submarine cable network provider.
Arts and culture
The Summit Opera House was built in the 1890s by the Woman's Christian Temperance Union as meeting place and dry entertainment hall. It currently houses Winberie's restaurant on the ground floor, and a church, office space, and apartments on the upper floors. It is located at Springfield Avenue and Kent Place Boulevard in downtown Summit.
The Summit Playhouse mounts live dramatic performances.
The Visual Arts Center of New Jersey, on Elm Street diagonally across from the Summit Middle School, is a professionally recognized regional art center with an art school and an exhibition program.
Horseback riding is available at the Watchung stables, located in the Watchung Reservation since the 1930s.
The city supports a program of public art organized by Summit Public Art, a volunteer-based city organization founded in 2002, whose mission is to bring art to public spaces throughout Summit. In 2019, the city was encouraging artists, including singer-songwriters, to perform at local venues in the downtown area, as part of its Summit Street Sounds program.
Parks and recreation
Summit Community Center
In 2019 the city finished the renovations of the expanded Summit Community Center. The renovated facility includes two gymnasiums, which allows indoor basketball for youth, a senior citizens lounge, a meeting room, administrative offices, a game room, and a small kitchen. There are two parking lots.
Local parks and reserves
Reeves-Reed Arboretum is a suburban conservancy dedicated to environmental and horticultural education for children and adults and enjoyment of nature through the professional care and preservation of a historic country estate.
"Briant Park, owned by Union County, New Jersey and located in the City of Summit and Springfield Township, covers . It is bordered along its western side by Park Drive, along the east by Shunpike Road, and on the northern side by Briant Parkway and Morris Avenue. A brook cuts through the park, and the park is connected via a greenway to Hidden Valley Park in the southeast. There is a pond for ice-skating and fishing, some picnic areas, athletic fields, and a fitness trail."
"Hidden Valley Park, owned by Union County, New Jersey and located in the City of Summit and Springfield Township. The park contains of basically undeveloped land that is connected via a greenway along Orchard Street to Briant Park. Hidden Valley Park is bordered along its southern edge by Interstate 78 and along the west by the residential neighborhoods along Baltusrol Road and Morris Avenue." Its eastern border is adjacent to the now-closed Houdaille Quarry which is now parkland owned by the county.
Passaic River Parkway, owned by Union County, New Jersey, is actually six small park areas along the Passaic River in western Union County (Summit, New Providence, Berkeley Heights). These areas are undeveloped with no facilities, and covers a total of . Area #1 in Summit and New Providence is located between Route 124 and the railroad tracks. The northern area of the park bordered by Morris County, and the southern area is bordered by River Road in Summit."
Watchung Reservation is a nature reserve and recreation area administered by the Union County Parks Department that is bounded by Summit, Mountainside, Berkeley Heights, Scotch Plains and Springfield Township. The reservation consists mainly of the upper valley of Blue Brook, between the ridges of First Watchung Mountain and Second Watchung Mountain. A dam near the headwaters of the creek creates Lake Surprise.
Planned rail trail
The Summit Park Line, a 1.2-mile rail trail along a segment of the abandoned Rahway Valley Railroad was approved for construction in December 2020. The trail is to connect Morris Avenue and Briant Park. Later extensions along the Staten Island Rapid Transit line could connect to the Arthur Kill in Linden and provide a greenway to connect several county parks, akin to the High Line. The Summit city council applied for a $1 million grant toward the project in November 2016. A nonprofit organization called the Summit Park Line Foundation is also working on the project.
Government
Local government
Summit operates under the city form of municipal government; 15 of the state's 565 municipalities use this form. On April 11, 1899, Summit voters adopted as the Charter of the City of Summit the Statute of 1899 applicable to cities of less than 12,000 population. On December 15, 1987, the New Jersey Legislature enacted a law that repealed the original charter, retaining those sections not covered by general law that were specific to Summit. The charter now specifies that "1: The council may, by referendum, change the term of the councilman at large from a two year term to a four year term. 2: Resolutions adopted by the council do not have to be approved by the mayor. 3: The council pro tempore shall be the acting mayor in the mayor's absence due to sickness or other cause. 4: The municipality may appoint an administrator in accordance with the provisions of N.J.S. 40A:9-136. 5: The municipality may adopt an administrative code."
The mayor is elected by the city for a four-year term and is the city's official spokesman and chief elected official. The mayor can appoint various officials, including the chief of police and the board of education. The mayor serves as the chairman of the Board of School Estimate and on various committees, and has the right to speak at common council meetings, but can only vote to break ties in the council. This bully pulpit role is considered the mayor's strongest power.
The common council has the chief policy making and administrative oversight role in city government. The council approves all laws and adopts the city budget. The council also oversees the work of city department heads. The council is comprised of three members from Ward I and three members from Ward II plus one member elected at-large. The at-large member serves a two-year term of office, while the six ward members serve three-year terms on a staggered basis, with one seat in each ward up for election each year. The council elects from its membership a president and a president pro tem, each serving a one-year term. The president presides at all council meetings, and the president pro tem presides in the president's absence. The president pro tem also serves as acting mayor in the absence of the mayor.
, the mayor of Summit is Democrat Nora G. Radest, whose term of office ends December 31, 2023. Members of the common council are Council President Marjorie Fox (D, 2023; Second Ward), President Pro Tem Beth Little (D, 2021; At Large), Lisa Allen (R, 2021; appointed to serve an unexpired term in the Second Ward), Susan D. Hairston (D, 2023; First Ward), B. David Naidu (D, 2021; First Ward), Danny O'Sullivan (D, 2022; First Ward) and Gregory S. Vartan III (D, 2021; Second Ward).
Summit had been a stronghold of the Republican Party for years. From 1921 to 2001 no Democrats served in elected office and very few ran for office. The real elections occurred in the Republican primary. In 2001, two Democratic candidates were elected to council: Michel Bitritto won in Ward I and Jordan Glatt won the at-large seat. Summit had never elected a Democrat as mayor until 2003, when Jordan Glatt was elected.
In November 2011, Republicans swept all the open seats, with Ellen Dickson elected mayor and Gregory Drummond, Patrick Hurley and Robert Rubino sweeping the three council seats, giving full control of city government back to the Republican party.
Democrats began making inroads in the ensuing years, with the election of Nora Radest, a Democrat, for mayor in 2015, along with two Democratic council members (David Naidu and Richard Sun, who was the youngest-ever elected city official at the age of 24). In November 2018, for the first time in Summit's history, Democrats were elected to hold the majority of seats on council.
In November 2019, Susan Hairston was sworn in to the First Ward seat expiring in December 2020 that became vacant following the death of Matthew Gould. In 2020, she was elected to the same seat, becoming the first African-American council member in city history.
Michael F. Rogers is the city administrator of Summit. In this role, he directs day-to-day operations of city government and the city departments.
The Department of Community Services is responsible for engineering, public works, and code administration. The engineering division manages city infrastructure such as roads, curbs, sewers, and provide support to the planning and zoning boards. Public works maintains streets, trees, traffic signs, public parks, traffic islands, playgrounds, public buildings, support vehicles, equipment, and has other responsibilities. The city runs a municipal disposal area or solid waste transfer station where recyclables are collected, including bulky trash; residents must have a town-generated sticker on their cars to use this facility. Trash is picked up from garbage cans once a week for most residents, and recycling materials are picked up every two weeks. Certain trees need permits before being removed. Summit plows of roads, covering all city streets, except for county roads. Residents are asked to put leaves in biodegradable bags for pickup on selected times during autumn and spring. Recently the city has embarked on a program of "Bringing Art to Public Spaces in Summit"; this program, established in 2002, has placed sculptures at different venues around the town and is supported by private donations. The Summit Chamber of Commerce advertises the town on cable television.
In 2018, the city had an average property tax bill of $17,919, the highest in the county, compared to an average bill of $8,767 statewide.
Federal, state and county representation
Summit is located in the 7th Congressional District and is part of New Jersey's 21st state legislative district.
Politics
As of March 21, 2021, there were a total of 16,171 registered voters in Summit, of which 6,048 (37.4% vs. 49.6% countywide) were registered as Democrats, 4,014 (24.8% vs. 15.8%) were registered as Republicans and 6,109 (37.7% vs. 34.5%) were registered as Unaffiliated. Among the city's 2020 Census population, 68.6% (vs. 58.9% in Union County) were registered to vote, including 94.9% of those ages 18 and over (vs. 77% countywide).
In the 2020 Presidential election, Democrat Joe Biden received 8,500 votes (67.2% vs. 62.8% countywide) ahead of Republican Donald Trump with 3,846 votes (30.4% vs. 35.5% countywide). In the 2016 presidential election, Democrat Hillary Clinton received 5,776 votes (60.3% vs. 65.9% countywide) ahead of Republican Donald Trump with 3,210 votes (33.5% vs.30.5% countywide) and other candidates with 421 votes (4.4% vs. 3.6% countywide). In the 2012 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 4,895 votes (49.4% vs. 66.0% countywide), ahead of Republican Mitt Romney with 4,859 votes (49.1% vs. 32.3%) and other candidates with 109 votes (1.1% vs. 0.8%), among the 9,899 ballots cast by the city's 14,330 registered voters, for a turnout of 69.1% (vs. 68.8% in Union County). In the 2008 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 5,820 votes (54.5% vs. 63.1% countywide), ahead of Republican John McCain with 4,700 votes (44.0% vs. 35.2%) and other candidates with 88 votes (0.8% vs. 0.9%), among the 10,677 ballots cast by the city's 13,690 registered voters, for a turnout of 78.0% (vs. 74.7% in Union County). In the 2004 presidential election, Republican George W. Bush received 5,183 votes (50.0% vs. 40.3% countywide), ahead of Democrat John Kerry with 5,068 votes (48.9% vs. 58.3%) and other candidates with 75 votes (0.7% vs. 0.7%), among the 10,360 ballots cast by the city's 13,159 registered voters, for a turnout of 78.7% (vs. 72.3% in the whole county).
In the 2017 gubernatorial election, Democrat Phil Murphy received 57.2% of the vote (3,495 votes) ahead of Republican Kim Guadagno with 41.2% (2,520 votes) and other candidates with 1.6% (99 votes) among the 6,114 total votes cast by the city's 15,131 registered voters for a turnout of 40.4%. In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 68.1% of the vote (3,971 cast), ahead of Democrat Barbara Buono with 30.6% (1,785 votes), and other candidates with 1.3% (76 votes), among the 5,928 ballots cast by the city's 14,076 registered voters (96 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 42.1%. In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Democrat Jon Corzine was defeated in his hometown when Republican Chris Christie received 3,682 votes (50.3% vs. 41.7% countywide), ahead his 3,014 votes (41.2% vs. 50.6%), Independent Chris Daggett with 543 votes (7.4% vs. 5.9%) and other candidates with 43 votes (0.6% vs. 0.8%), among the 7,323 ballots cast by the city's 13,435 registered voters, yielding a 54.5% turnout (vs. 46.5% in the county).
Education
Students in pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade are educated by the Summit Public Schools. As of the 2018–19 school year, the district, comprised of nine schools, had an enrollment of 3,961 students and 349.5 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 11.3:1. Schools in the district (with 2018–19 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics) are
Jefferson Primary Center (128 students; in grades PreK-K),
Wilson Primary Center (138; PreK-K),
Brayton School (340; 1-5),
Franklin School (336; 1-5),
Jefferson School (227; 1-5),
Lincoln-Hubbard School (314; 1-5),
Washington School (346; 1-5),
Lawton C. Johnson Summit Middle School (942; 6-8) and
Summit High School (1,169; 9-12).
The district's board of education is comprised of seven members who set policy and oversee the fiscal and educational operation of the district through its administration. As a Type I school district, the board's trustees are appointed by the Mayor to serve three-year terms of office on a staggered basis, with either two or three members up for reappointment each year. Of the more than 600 school districts statewide, Summit is one of 15 districts with appointed school districts. The board appoints a superintendent to oversee the day-to-day operation of the district.
Private schools
Kent Place School (NS-12), founded in 1894, had an enrollment of 641 girls from across New Jersey as of 2012–13 school year
Oak Knoll School of the Holy Child (K-6 coed; 7-12 for girls), which operates under the auspices of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Newark
Oratory Preparatory School (7–12) was founded in 1907 as Carlton Academy
St. Teresa of Avila School (K-8), operated by the Archdiocese of Newark
HudsonWay Immersion School (NS-5), Mandarin Chinese and Spanish immersion program
Youth sports
Summit has sports programs for youth including basketball, baseball, soccer, and football leagues through the Recreation Center. In addition, the YMCA organizes sports clinics and teams including the Summit Area YMCA "Seals" Swim Team. At age eight, children can try out for a traveling soccer program called the Summit Soccer Club, a nonprofit dedicated to the development of youth soccer in the city. Travel soccer runs for both the fall and spring seasons.
Lacrosse is a popular sport with high school teams achieving distinction at state and national levels. Summit holds the third most NJSIAA Boys Group Titles. Since the Tournament of Champions (TOC) began in 2004, Summit has made the tournament 11 times. Summit has the fourth-most championship titles (2) and has finished runner-up four times. Prior to the new championship format, Summit was crowned champion twice with one runner-up finish.Summit High School boys' team won the state's Tournament of Champions in 2010 and 2009 and lost by one goal in the 2011 final. Summit holds the New Jersey state (and possibly national) high school record with 68 consecutive victories during 2009 to 2011. The 2012 team was ranked second in New Jersey in May 2012 and in the top 20 nationally. Beginning in first grade, boys and girls can learn to play lacrosse in clinics and teams organized by the Summit Lacrosse Club. Many Division 1 lacrosse players have come from Summit, either through Summit High School, or via private schools.
Real estate and housing
Summit residential real estate is among the most expensive in the state. The 2018 median home price was $987,583. Real estate taxes vary; an $800,000 four-bedroom, 2-full-bath, 2-partial-bath single-family home built in 1939 had taxes of $16,000 in 2009. As of 2018, the average property tax bill in the city of Summit was $17,930, the 14th highest in the state.
Summit, along with many suburban communities in the United States, adopted a policy of zoning ordinances requiring a single-family house on a large lot and could thereby "exclude any undesirable influences that might erode property values", a requirement that effectively excluded apartment buildings and multi-family dwellings, and tended to raise the price of houses. One study found that since 1945, the single-family house on a large lot zoning mechanism "has been increasingly used in suburban and rural areas to safeguard particular vested interests." A reporter from The New York Times who is a Summit resident criticized the city for being an "economically, racially and ideologically homogenized populace" with "a growing divide between Summit's haves and have-nots." He elaborated in 2006: "there's an ever-diminishing corner of the city akin to the so-called slums of Beverly Hills, where middle-income homeowners like me can take advantage of the schools and services of Summit without the million-dollar price tags so ubiquitous on the other side of the Midtown Direct tracks." But he preferred the city as a place to raise and educate his children. One developer sued the city in 2005 to comply with New Jersey's Fair Housing Act to provide more affordable housing units. The city is working on a "housing master plan" to avoid future lawsuits from developers. In 2011, volunteers with Habitat for Humanity, in conjunction with church groups including St. Teresa of Avila and the Unitarian Church led by Vanessa Southern, constructed affordable housing on Morris Avenue.
Union County, which includes Summit, had the 10th highest property taxes in the nation as of 2010, based on data gathered by the National Taxpayers Union.
Landmarks
The Summit Downtown Historic District is on the United States Department of Interior National Register of Historic Places.
The Carter House - at 90 Butler Parkway, Summit's oldest known structure, built in 1741, now home to the Summit Historical Society.
The DeBary Inn was built in 1880 as one of the private residences of (Samuel) Frederick De Bary, a merchant of French wines, liquors, and other imported beverages. In 1916, the land was subdivided and sold, the house was moved , and it opened as a hotel in 1923; later it housed senior citizens. Authorities and rules stymied an effort to turn it into a bed and breakfast in the early 2000s, and at present it serves as an "executive boutique inn" partially owned by CNBC host Jim Cramer.
Vanderpoel Castle was a large residence built by George Vanderpoel in 1885. It was located on a 15-acre estate adjacent to Vanderpoel pond on what is now the Summit Municipal Golf Course, near the intersection of River Road, Route 24 and JFK Parkway. Later divided into apartments, it was demolished in 1969.
The Grand Summit Hotel (formerly The Summit Suburban Hotel) hosts a variety of events, including stockholder meetings.
The Kent Place School occupies a large block bordered by Kent Place Boulevard, Norwood Avenue, and Morris Avenue near downtown Summit. Its Mabie House was built in 1931.
Dominican Monastery of Our Lady of the Rosary monastery is located on Springfield Avenue.
The Summit Diner, located on the corner of Union Place & Summit Avenue, is a 1938 O'Mahony diner that has wood paneled walls, eight booths and 20 stools. It is said to be the oldest operating diner in the state.
Summit Free Public Library offers a wide range of books, CDs, DVDs, internet access, special programs, and is located at the corner of Maple Street and Morris Avenue.
Twin Maples is a registered Historic Place at Springfield Avenue and Edgewood Road. Constructed in 1908 based on a design by architect Alfred F. Norris, it is home to the Summit Fortnightly Club and the Junior Fortnightly.
The United States Postal Service is on Maple Street near the downtown.
Transportation
Roads and highways
, the city had a total of of roadways, of which were maintained by the municipality, by Union County and by the New Jersey Department of Transportation.
Route 24 and Route 124 run along the eastern boundary of Summit, and Interstate 78 runs along the southern boundary. County Routes 512, 527 and 649 also pass through the city.
Parking is an ongoing issue. There are several free two-hour-limit parking lots for shoppers, as well as metered parking on main streets. The city council has conducted studies to explore further parking options.
Public transportation
NJ Transit's Morristown Line and Gladstone Branch merge at Summit station, providing frequent passenger service to New York's Penn Station and Hoboken Terminal. The train ride from Summit to New York is about 50 minutes (local) or 35 minutes (express). One reporter wrote: "The train line dominates Summit, bisecting its handsome commercial district from the town green on a sunken track, like a Dutch canal."
NJ Transit offers bus service to and from Newark on the 70 route with local Wheels service on the 986 route.
Lakeland Bus Lines (Route 78) provides direct service to and from Manhattan during peak commuting hours.
Newark Liberty International Airport in Newark / Elizabeth is approximately 15 minutes away via Interstate 78.
Media
Due to its proximity to New York City and Newark, daily newspapers serving the community are The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, and The Star-Ledger.
Locally, Summit is served by the Summit Herald-Dispatch and the Independent Press, the latter of which is based in New Providence and serves the City of Summit and several surrounding communities. Both newspapers are published on a weekly basis. Summit is also served by the online news source, The Alternative Press
Summit is home to HomeTowne Television (HTTV), a cable television station providing public, educational, and government access (PEG) cable TV programming. HTTV's signal reaches municipalities in Union, Essex and Morris counties via Verizon channel 33 and Comcast channel 36. The station produces original content weekly and provides live streaming from hometownetv.org. The station is run by station manager, Amanda Olsen.
In popular culture
In "Mr. Monk and the End", the series finale of the cable TV show Monk, the fictional character of Randy Disher reveals he is leaving San Francisco because he has been offered the job as the chief of police of Summit, New Jersey. He is also going there to marry his longtime crush, Sharona Fleming. Following this up, in the 2012 novel Mr. Monk on Patrol, Randy has to bring Monk in after a corruption scandal sweeps the Summit government, leading to Randy becoming acting mayor.
Notable people
People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Summit include:
Ozzie Ahlers (born 1946), songwriter and music producer who plays the keyboard, guitar, and bass who has played with Van Morrison, Jerry Garcia, The Edge and Craig Chaquico, in addition to a solo career.
Robert Arellano (born 1969), author, musician and educator.
Miles Austin (born 1984), former wide receiver for the Dallas Cowboys, Cleveland Browns, and Philadelphia Eagles.
Stephen Austin, former NFL executive
Michael Badgley (born 1995), football placekicker for the Los Angeles Chargers of the National Football League.
Paul Baier (born 1985), professional ice hockey player.
Sean Baker (born 1978), filmmaker best known for the independent feature films Starlet, Tangerine and The Florida Project.
John Bardeen (1908–1991), only person to have won two (shared) Nobel prizes in physics, in 1956 for the transistor and in 1972 for superconductivity.
Wendy Barker (born 1942), poet.
Anthony James Barr (born 1940), programming language designer, software engineer and inventor.
Jack Belden (1910–1989), war correspondent who covered the Japanese invasion of China, the Second World War and the Chinese Revolution.
James M. Bennett (born 1948), FairTax advocate.
Mark Berson (born 1953), men's soccer coach at the University of South Carolina.
Robert Blackburn (1920–2003), artist and print maker.
Brett Ellen Block (born 1973), short story author and novelist.
Walter Houser Brattain (1902–1987), physicist who shared the 1956 Nobel Prize in Physics for the transistor.
Arthur Raymond Brooks (1895–1991), last surviving American flying ace of World War I.
Dave Brown (born 1970), quarterback who played for the New York Giants.
Fritz Buehning (born 1960), former professional tennis player.
Levin H. Campbell (born 1927), judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit.
John Carroll (born 1955), basketball coach who served as the head coach for the Boston Celtics during the latter part of the 2003–04 season.
Mark Cesark (born 1965), sculptor, best known for his use of found and scrap steel.
Greg Cohen (born 1953), jazz artist.
Laurie Collyer (born 1967), film director, best known for Sherrybaby.
Anthony Comstock (1844–1915), legal reformer, famous for the anti-pornography laws named after him.
William A. Conway (1910–2006), banking executive and activist shareholder of behalf of minority stockholders.
Jon Corzine (born 1947), former U.S. Senator from New Jersey and former Governor of New Jersey.
Marguerite Courtot (1897–1986), silent film actress.
Jim Cramer (born 1955), stock trader, and anchor of CNBC's former Kudlow & Cramer and present Mad Money.
Marshall Curry (born c. 1970), two-time Academy Award-nominated American documentary director, producer, cinematographer and editor of such films as Street Fight about the 2002 Newark mayoral election.
Paul Davenport (born 1946), ninth president of the University of Western Ontario.
Benjamin Henry Day Jr. (1838–1916), illustrator and printer, best known for his invention of Ben-Day dots.
(Samuel) Frederick De Bary (1815–1898), wealthy businessman who gave his name to Summit's DeBary Inn and to DeBary, Florida.
Leonard De Paur (1914–1998), composer.
Mark Di Ionno (born 1956), journalist and writer.
Lawrence Dillon (born 1959), composer who is Composer in Residence at the University of North Carolina School of the Arts.
Daniel Doan (1914–1993), author best known for his works about hiking in New England.
Mark Donohue (1937–1975), race car, Indy, Formula 1 and NASCAR driver who was the winner of the 1972 Indy 500.
David Drake, chef.
East River Pipe, musician Fred M. Cornog.
Frankie Edgar (born 1981), mixed martial artist who is the current UFC lightweight champion.
Brian Edwards (born 1984), goalkeeper for Toronto FC.
Alan Louis Eggers (1895–1968), received the Medal of Honor for his actions during World War I.
Marianne Espinosa, Judge of the Appellate Division of New Jersey Superior Court.
Maggie Estep (1963–2014), writer and poet most well known for coming to prominence during the height of the spoken word and poetry slam performance rage.
Kevin C. Fitzpatrick (born 1966), author who has written about Dorothy Parker.
Bob Franks (1951–2010), politician who served in the New Jersey General Assembly and represented New Jersey's 7th congressional district.
Doug Gansler (born 1962), attorney and politician who served as 45th Attorney General of Maryland.
Lauren Beth Gash (born 1960), lawyer and politician who served in the Illinois House of Representatives from 1993 to 2001.
Alex Gibney (born 1953), documentary film director and producer.
Charles Gibson (born 1943), former anchor of ABC News' World News Tonight and Good Morning America.
Dave Given (born 1954), former ice hockey right winger who played one game in the World Hockey Association for the Vancouver Blazers.
Scott Goldblatt (born 1979), freestyle swimmer who won a gold medal at the 2004 Summer Olympics.
Joseph Greenspan (born 1992), soccer player for the Pittsburgh Riverhounds SC of the United Soccer League.
Edna Guy (1907–1982), modern dance pioneer.
Norman Hill (born 1933), civil rights activist.
Constance Horner (born 1942), public official in the Reagan and first Bush administrations.
Frederick Erastus Humphreys (1883–1941), one of the first military pilots trained by the Wright brothers.
Ice-T (born 1958 as Tracy Lauren Marrow), rapper / actor who lived in Summit and attended Brayton Elementary School and Summit Junior High School (now Lawton C. Johnson Summit Middle School), both part of Summit Public Schools.
Charles R. Jackson (1903–1968), novelist best known for The Lost Weekend.
Nikki M. James (born 1981) actress and singer.
Lawton C. Johnson (1937–2009), educator and namesake of Lawton C. Johnson Summit Middle School.
Violet A. Johnson (1870-1939), civic leader and founder of Fountain Baptist Church.
Reggie Jones (born 1951), retired boxer who represented the U.S. at the 1972 Summer Olympics, where he was controversially eliminated in a fight he was generally accepted to have won.
Susan Kenney (born 1941), short story writer and novelist.
Lord Chancellor Kent (1763–1847), Lord Chancellor of New York State (1814–1823).
Raymond Kethledge (born 1966), judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit.
Peter Kuhn (1955–2009), race car driver who won both the USAC and SCCA Formula Super Vee championships in 1980.
Peter Kuper (born 1958), alternative cartoonist and illustrator.
William "Bill" Larned (1872–1926), professional tennis player who won the U.S. Open seven times from 1901 through 1911.
Al Leiter (born 1965), former MLB pitcher who played for both the New York Mets and New York Yankees.
Jack Leiter (born 2000), son of Al Leiter and potential first-round pick in the 2021 MLB Draft.
MJ Long (1939–2018), architect, lecturer and author, best known for her work as a principal architect partner on the British Library in London, together with her husband.
William Lowell Sr. (1863-1954), dentist and an inventor of a wooden golf tee patented in 1921.
Hamilton Wright Mabie (1846–1916), author, lived in Summit.
Holbrook Mann MacNeille (1907–1973), mathematician who led military research teams before directing the American Mathematical Society.
Tim Mahoney (born 1956), former U.S. Representative from Florida's 16th congressional district.
Eli Manning (born 1981), Former New York Giants quarterback.
Bryce Miller (born 1982), racecar driver in the WeatherTech SportsCar Championship.
Richard McGee Morse (1922–2001), scholar of Latin American studies.
Eric Munoz (1947–2009), member of the New Jersey General Assembly who died in office.
Nancy Munoz (born 1954), member of the New Jersey General Assembly who took office following her husband's death.
Heidi Neumark (born 1954), pastor and spiritual writer.
Alexa Noel (born 2002), professional tennis player.
Ryan O'Malley (born 1993), tight end with the Oakland Raiders of the NFL.
Thomas E. O'Shea (1895–1918), United States Army corporal awarded the Medal of Honor posthumously for his actions during World War I.
Margareta Pâslaru (born 1943), Romanian singer.
Stephen Paulus (1949–2014), composer.
Hugo Pfaltz (born 1931), politician who served two terms in the New Jersey General Assembly.
Christopher Porrino (born 1967), lawyer who became New Jersey Attorney General in 2016.
Jeff Porter (born 1985), track and field athlete who competes in the 110-meter hurdles and was named as part of the U.S. team at the 2016 Summer Olympics.
Joe Porter (born 1985), professional football player.
Monroe Jackson Rathbone II (1900–1976), chemical engineer and businessman who was the chairman, president, and CEO of Standard Oil of New Jersey.
Dennis Ritchie (1941–2011), creator of the C programming language and co-inventor of the UNIX operating system.
Florence Spearing Randolph (1866-1951), suffragist, ordained minister, pastor of the Wallace Chapel AME Zion Church.
Bill Robinson (born 1929), jazz singer.
David D. Rudolph (born 1949), member of the Maryland House of Delegates.
George Erik Rupp (born 1942), former President of Rice University and Columbia University, who has headed the International Rescue Committee since 2002.
Rex Ryan (born 1962), head coach of the Buffalo Bills.
Eli Sagan (1927–2015), clothing manufacturer, author, George McGovern campaign staffer, and member of Richard Nixon's Enemies List.
C. Thomas Schettino (1907–1983), Associate Justice of the New Jersey Supreme Court from 1959 to 1972.
Craig Schiffer (born 1956), former Chief Executive Officer of the Americas of Dresdner Kleinwort.
Herb Schmidt, soccer and lacrosse coach at Penn State University.
Pat Shurmur (born 1965), former head coach of the New York Giants.
James Sie (born 1962), voice actor.
Scott Smith (born 1965), author of the novel A Simple Plan and the script of the film of the same name.
Joseph Stamler (1911–1988), New Jersey Superior Court judge and professor at Rutgers University.
Meryl Streep (born 1949), actress, winner of three Academy Awards, 21-time Oscar nominee.
Sándor Szabó (born 1960), pianist.
Will Taggart (c. 1996), guitarist.
Tom Terrell (1950–2007), music journalist.
Henry Twombly (1862–1955), college football player and lawyer.
James Valenti (born 1977), operatic tenor.
Edwin S. Votey (1856-1931), businessman, inventor, industrial designer, and manufacturer of pianos and organs.
Arthur K. Watson (1919–1974), IBM executive and United States Ambassador to France.
Gerard Way (born 1977), singer-songwriter, who is co-founder of the band My Chemical Romance.
Kai Wehmeier (born 1968), logician and philosopher at the University of California, Irvine.
Meredith Whitney (born 1969), award-winning stock analyst who predicted the 2007–2008 banking crisis.
Worthington Whittredge (1820–1910), landscape artist and important member of the Hudson River School.
Robert R. Williams (1886–1965), chemist who was the first to synthesize thiamine.
Willie Wilson (born 1955), retired professional baseball player who won the AL batting title and who was a two-time All-Star for the Kansas City Royals.
Nick Wyman (born 1950), actor and president of Actors' Equity Association.
Points of interest
Watchung Reservation, a nature reserve, borders Summit to the south.
Downtown Summit has a variety of restaurants of different cuisines.
Memorial Field features athletic fields, a play area for children, and tennis and basketball courts.
Canoe Brook Country Club
Beacon Hill Club
New Jersey Visual Arts Center
Summit Free Public Library
Summit Family Aquatic Center
Summit Community Center
Non-profit and charitable organizations
Other Fellow First Foundation. Headquartered at the Summit Diner since its founding in 2000, the Other Fellow First Foundation uses its small endowment to quickly aid New Jersey families in distress. It has raised and given away more than $6,000,000 to individuals and local non-profit organizations. They run a yearly "Frozen Turkey Drive" and have raised money for SAGE Eldercare's Meals on Wheels program, the Summit Volunteer First Aid Squad's new building, and other causes.
GRACE. Founded in 2016 by the Junior League of Summit with The Connection and The United Way, GRACE (Giving and Receiving Assistance for our Community's Essentials) give food and basic necessities to local families in need. Until 2020, the all-volunteer program supported the weekly needs of about 100 local families; the pandemic pushed that number to more than 500. In 2020, GRACE achieved 501c(3) status and became a part of the City's Department of Community Programs. GRACE is headquartered at Cornog Field House at Soldier's Memorial Field in Summit.
Bridges Outreach. Founded in 1988, Bridges Outreach in 2020 delivered 65,000 brown bag meals, 10,000 pairs of underwear and socks, 7,500 toiletry kits, 49,000 cups of soup, and other clothing to more than 21,000 people in New York City, Newark, Irvington, and Summit every year.
SHIP (Summit Helping Its People). Founded in 1990 by the Summit Interfaith Clergy Fellowship and supported solely by donations, SHIP serves more than 15,000 lunch and dinner meals each year to homeless and at-risk homeless people not served by other local programs.
References
External links
Official City of Summit Website
Suburban Chamber of Commerce (includes Summit)
Summit Historical Society
1869 establishments in New Jersey
Cities in Union County, New Jersey
City form of New Jersey government
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125795 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union%20Township%2C%20Union%20County%2C%20New%20Jersey | Union Township, Union County, New Jersey | Union Township is a township in Union County, New Jersey, United States. In the 18th century, the area that is now Union was then called Connecticut Farms. As of the 2010 United States Census, the township population was 56,642, the highest recorded in any decennial census, reflecting an increase of 2,237 (+4.1%) from the 54,405 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 4,381 (+8.8%) from the 50,024 counted in the 1990 Census.
History
Settled in 1667, Union was the third English speaking settlement in New Jersey after Elizabeth and Newark, with the area that is now Union then called Connecticut Farms.
Union Township was the site of the Battle of Connecticut Farms. On June 6, 1780, British troops, led by Hessian General Wilhelm von Knyphausen, boarded boats on Staten Island bound for Elizabeth, New Jersey. At midnight, 5,000 troops started to land. They expected the Continental Army to give little resistance, believing that they were tired of the war and were poorly fed and paid. They also expected the citizens of New Jersey to welcome them. They were wrong on both counts and were unable to make their way to and through the Hobart Gap.
Union Township was incorporated as a township by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on November 23, 1808, from portions of Elizabeth Township, while the area was still part of Essex County. It became part of the newly formed Union County on March 19, 1857. Portions of the township have been taken to form Linden Township (March 4, 1861), Roselle Park, (March 22, 1901), Kenilworth (May 13, 1907) and Hillside (April 3, 1913). In 1946, a group of residents pushed for the township's name to be changed to "Connecticut Farms", citing the potential benefits to area residents and businesses from the broad awareness of the historical significance of the name.
Geography
The Township of Union is located on the northern edge of Union County and is bordered by eight municipalities: Hillside to the east, Elizabeth to the southeast, Roselle Park and Kenilworth to the south and Springfield Township to the west. Northwest of the township lies Millburn, to the north lies Maplewood and to the northeast lies Irvington, all in Essex County.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township had a total area of 9.08 square miles (23.52 km2), including 9.05 square miles (23.44 km2) of land and 0.03 square miles (0.08 km2) of water (0.35%).
Unincorporated communities, localities and place names located partially or completely within the township include Battle Hill, Connecticut Farms, Galloping Hill, Headlentown, Putnam Manor, Salem, Townley and Vauxhall.
Neighborhoods
Five Points, area around the junction of Galloping Hill Road, Chestnut Street, Salem Road, Delaware Avenue, Walton Avenue, and Tucker Avenue.
Brookside Heights (Curryville), west of Vauxhall Road.
Vauxhall, area of Union north of I-78 and west of Stuyvesant Avenue, with its own ZIP code 07088.
Union Center, area around the intersection of Morris and Stuyvesant Avenues.
Putnam Ridge, a section between Suburban Road, Morris Avenue, Twin Oaks Road, and Colonial Avenue.
Putnam Manor, an historic section between Colonial Avenue and Salem Road.
Orchard Park
Parkside Manor, a three-road section off of Union Terrace.
Larchmont Estates, area bordered by Larchmont Reservation (NW and NE edges), Morris Avenue (SW), Liberty Avenue (SE), and Joe Collins Park/Larchmont Reservation (NE edge).
Battle Hill, area served by Battle Hill Elementary School in west Union, bordered by Rahway River (W edge), Morris Avenue (N), the west branch of the Elizabeth River (E), and Route 22 (S).
Green Lane, new community between Kean University and Union Station.
Fairway Drive, community bordering the Galloping Hill Golf Course.
Rich Creek, the neighborhood of Richard Terrace
Demographics
2010 census
The Census Bureau's 2006-2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $73,722 (with a margin of error of +/- $4,858) and the median family income was $86,705 (+/- $3,822). Males had a median income of $54,811 (+/- $1,998) versus $47,144 (+/- $2,316) for females. The per capita income for the township was $31,135 (+/- $1,104). About 3.7% of families and 4.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.7% of those under age 18 and 5.6% of those age 65 or over.
2000 census
As of the 2000 United States Census of 2000, there were 54,405 people, 19,534 households, and 14,162 families residing in the township. The population density was 5,968.1 people per square mile (2,303.3/km2). There were 20,001 housing units at an average density of 2,194.1 per square mile (846.8/km2). An example of a diverse municipality in the United States, the racial makeup of the township was 67.66% White, 19.76% African American, 0.15% Native American, 7.72% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 2.44% from other races, and 2.24% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 8.93% of the population.
There were 19,534 households, out of which 32.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.5% were married couples living together, 13.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.5% were non-families. 23.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.71 and the average family size was 3.25.
In the township the population was spread out, with 22.3% under the age of 18, 8.9% from 18 to 24, 29.3% from 25 to 44, 22.3% from 45 to 64, and 17.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.2 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $59,173, and the median income for a family was $68,707. Males had a median income of $45,299 versus $35,604 for females. The per capita income for the township was $24,768. About 3.0% of families and 4.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.6% of those under age 18 and 5.5% of those age 65 or over.
Government
Local government
Union Township is governed under the Township form of New Jersey municipal government, one of 141 municipalities (of the 565) statewide that use this form, the second-most commonly used form of government in the state. The Township Committee is comprised of five members, who are elected directly by the voters at-large in partisan elections to serve three-year terms of office on a staggered basis, with either one or two seats coming up for election each year as part of the November general election in a three-year cycle. At an annual reorganization meeting, the Township Committee selects one of its members to serve as Mayor. The Mayor, in addition to voting as a member of the Township Committee, presides over the meetings of the committee and carries out ceremonial duties.
, members of the Union Township Committee are Mayor Michele S. Delisfort (D, term on committee ends December 31, 2021; term as mayor ends 2020), Deputy Mayor Joseph M. Florio (D, term on committee and as deputy mayor ends 2020), Suzette Cavadas (D, 2022), Manuel T. Figueiredo (D, 2021) and Clifton People Jr. (D, 2022).
Mayors of Union
Federal, state and county representation
Union Township is split between the 7th and 10th Congressional Districts and is part of New Jersey's 20th state legislative district. Prior to the 2010 Census, Union Township had also been split between the 7th and 10th Congressional Districts with different boundaries, a change made by the New Jersey Redistricting Commission that took effect in January 2013, based on the results of the November 2012 general elections. The redistricting plan that took effect in 2013 placed 31,611 residents living in the central and western portions of the township into the 7th District, while 25,031 residents in a semicircle that runs along the northern, eastern and southern borders of the township were placed into the 10th District.
Politics
As of March 23, 2011, there were a total of 31,155 registered voters in Union Township, of which 12,061 (38.7% vs. 41.8% countywide) were registered as Democrats, 3,928 (12.6% vs. 15.3%) were registered as Republicans and 15,157 (48.7% vs. 42.9%) were registered as Unaffiliated. There were 9 voters registered to other parties. Among the township's 2010 Census population, 55.0% (vs. 53.3% in Union County) were registered to vote, including 69.7% of those ages 18 and over (vs. 70.6% countywide).
In the 2012 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 16,423 votes (70.7% vs. 66.0% countywide), ahead of Republican Mitt Romney with 6,464 votes (27.8% vs. 32.3%) and other candidates with 155 votes (0.7% vs. 0.8%), among the 23,235 ballots cast by the township's 33,589 registered voters, for a turnout of 69.2% (vs. 68.8% in Union County). In the 2008 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 15,625 votes (63.8% vs. 63.1% countywide), ahead of Republican John McCain with 8,462 votes (34.5% vs. 35.2%) and other candidates with 189 votes (0.8% vs. 0.9%), among the 24,505 ballots cast by the township's 32,622 registered voters, for a turnout of 75.1% (vs. 74.7% in Union County). In the 2004 presidential election, Democrat John Kerry received 12,751 votes (57.9% vs. 58.3% countywide), ahead of Republican George W. Bush with 8,987 votes (40.8% vs. 40.3%) and other candidates with 174 votes (0.8% vs. 0.7%), among the 22,013 ballots cast by the township's 30,383 registered voters, for a turnout of 72.5% (vs. 72.3% in the whole county).
In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Democrat Barbara Buono received 53.4% of the vote (6,269 cast), ahead of Republican Chris Christie with 45.4% (5,334 votes), and other candidates with 1.2% (135 votes), among the 12,013 ballots cast by the township's 33,305 registered voters (275 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 36.1%. In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Democrat Jon Corzine received 7,628 ballots cast (53.0% vs. 50.6% countywide), ahead of Republican Chris Christie with 5,734 votes (39.8% vs. 41.7%), Independent Chris Daggett with 741 votes (5.1% vs. 5.9%) and other candidates with 113 votes (0.8% vs. 0.8%), among the 14,397 ballots cast by the township's 31,972 registered voters, yielding a 45.0% turnout (vs. 46.5% in the county).
Education
The Union Public School District serves students in pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade. As of the 2018–19 school year, the district, comprised of 10 schools, had an enrollment of 7,219 students and 614.7 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 11.7:1. The schools in the district (with 2018–19 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics) are
Battle Hill Elementary School (391 students; in grades PreK-4),
Hannah Caldwell Elementary School (508; PreK-4),
Connecticut Farms Elementary School (403; PreK-4),
Franklin Elementary School (417; PreK-4),
Livingston Elementary School (424; PreK-4),
Washington Elementary School (575; PreK-4),
Jefferson Elementary School (544; in grade 5),
Burnet Middle School (961; 6-8),
Kawameeh Middle School (674; 6-8) and
Union High School (2,180; 9-12).
Union was threatened with being the first municipality north of the Mason–Dixon line to suffer from penalties as a result of school segregation. The area of Vauxhall was primarily black and the students enrolled at Jefferson Elementary School were disproportionately black, compared to the rest of the township. Union avoided problems by converting Jefferson Elementary into a sixth-grade only school called Central 6 and bused the Jefferson students to all the other elementary schools. It was later renamed Central 5 and is now Jefferson School, which is used as a one-year school for fifth-grade students.
Union is home to several private nursery schools and the Deron School, a private school for learning disabled students ages 5–13. St. Michael's Parish School and Holy Spirit School (founded in 1965) operate under the supervision of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Newark.
Kean University, dating back to 1855, serves a total student population of almost 16,000. Called New Jersey State Teachers College when it was located in Newark, the school moved to Union in 1958, was renamed Kean College in 1973 and was granted university status in 1997.
Transportation
Roads and highways
, the township had a total of of roadways, of which were maintained by the municipality, by Union County and by the New Jersey Department of Transportation and by the New Jersey Turnpike Authority.
Union is traversed by the Garden State Parkway, Interstate 78, U.S. Route 22 and Route 82 (Morris Avenue).
The Parkway connects Kenilworth in the south to Hillside in the north. The Parkway includes interchanges 139A (Chestnut Street) / 139B (Route 82 West Union), interchanges 140 (Route 22 / Route 82 west) / 140A (Route 22 / Route 82 west) and interchange 141 (Vauxhall Road / Union).
Public transportation
NJ Transit offers rail service at the Union train station providing service on the Raritan Valley Line (formerly the mainline of the Lehigh Valley Railroad) to Newark Penn Station. The station opened in 2003 and includes a parking lot with over 450 spaces.
NJ Transit also provides bus service to New York City and New Jersey points on the 113, 114 and 117 routes to the Port Authority Bus Terminal in Midtown Manhattan, on the 65, 66 70 and 94 routes to Newark and local service on the 26 and 52.
Former Rahway Valley Railroad freight line, now abandoned, crosses through Union. This line, presently licensed to Morristown and Erie Railway, is in the process of revitalization after which it will link to NJ Transit's Morris and Essex Lines at Summit and connect to Staten Island.
Newark Liberty International Airport is approximately east of Union.
Notable buildings
The Union Watersphere, for many years the tallest water tower of its type in the world, stands 212 feet tall, holds 250,000 gallons of drinking water and is now also used as a cell phone tower. The landmark and icon inspired a former Union resident to create a website and museum (in Austin, Texas) dedicated to it.
Union is home to several houses constructed totally of poured concrete, an experiment of Thomas Edison. The homes on Ingersoll Terrace include poured concrete interior walls with formed concrete plumbing.
Union is home to a building in the shape of a ship at 2262 U.S. Route 22. Originally a restaurant and night club, it has changed ownership over the years, becoming a furniture store known as "The Flagship" and later The Wiz Home Electronics. It is currently a P. C. Richard & Son store.
Union is home to the largest Home Depot store in the United States, covering .
Notable people
People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Union Township include:
Aminat Ayinde, the second runner-up from Cycle 12 of America's Next Top Model.
C. Louis Bassano (born 1942) politician who served in both the New Jersey General Assembly and the New Jersey Senate.
Isaiah Briscoe (born 1996), basketball player for the Kentucky Wildcats men's basketball team.
Freddie 'Red' Cochrane (1915–1993), professional boxer in the welterweight (147lb) division who became World Champion in 1941 in that class.
Joe Collins (1922–1989), first baseman for the New York Yankees from 1948 to 1957. A park on Liberty Avenue is named after him.
Tom Coyne (1954–2017), mastering engineer.
Jonathan Townley Crane (1819–1880), clergyman, author and abolitionist.
Joseph Cryan (born 1961), represents the 20th legislative district in the New Jersey General Assembly.
Quenton DeCosey (born 1994), professional basketball player for Koroivos of the Greek Basket League.
Jamie Fox (1954–2017), political strategist.
Gina Genovese (born 1959), businesswoman and politician who has served as mayor of Long Hill Township.
Kayla Hoffman (born 1988), artistic gymnast.
Mildred Barry Hughes (1902–1995), the first woman elected to the New Jersey Senate, in 1965.
Ron Karkovice (born 1963), Major League baseball catcher from 1986 to 1997.
Amalya Lyle Kearse (born 1937), a judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit.
Myra Smith Kearse (1899–1982), physician and community leader.
Larry Kubin (born 1959), linebacker who played with the Washington Redskins from 1981 to 1984.
Kelly Kulick (born 1977), professional bowler who became the first woman ever to win a regular Professional Bowlers Association tour title.
Artie Lange (born 1967), comedian, actor, and former Howard Stern Show sidekick.
Ray Liotta (born 1954), actor.
Ed Lucas (1939–2021), blind sportswriter who primarily covered the New York Yankees.
Elliott Maddox (born 1947), professional baseball player with both the New York Yankees 1974-76 and the New York Mets 1978–80.
Conde McGinley (born 1890), publisher of the anti-Communist and anti-Semitic weekly paper, Common Sense.
Bob Mischak (1932 –2014), American football guard and tight end who played in the American Football League and the NFL.
Eulace Peacock (1914–1996), track and field athlete in the 1930s who was a top competitor of Jesse Owens.
Matthew John Rinaldo (born 1931), represented New Jersey in the United States House of Representatives for twenty years, in the 12th congressional district (1973–1983) and in the 7th congressional district (1983–1993).
Tyler Roberson (born 1994), professional basketball player for the Agua Caliente Clippers of the NBA G League.
Lawrence E. Roberts (1922–2004), pilot with the Tuskegee Airmen and a colonel in the United States Air Force.
Philip Rubin (born 1949), cognitive scientist, technologist and science administrator.
Anthony E. Russo (born 1926), former member of the New Jersey Senate who served as Mayor of Union.
Karl Schellscheidt (born 1968), soccer player, educator and entrepreneur.
Manfred Schellscheidt (born 1941) German-American soccer coach and former player and member of the National Soccer Hall of Fame.
Amy Simon (born 1971), planetary scientist at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center.
Darnell Stapleton (born 1985), former offensive guard for the Pittsburgh Steelers who was a member of the Steelers' Super Bowl XLIII championship team.
Travis Taylor (born 1990), professional basketball player.
Bill Wenzel (1918–1987), cartoonist best known for his good girl art.
Robert Wuhl (born 1951), actor.
Darren Young (born 1983), professional wrestler formerly signed to WWE where he is one half of The Prime Time Players with Titus O'Neil.
See also
The Self-Masters Colony
References
External links
Union Township website
Union Public School District
School Data for the Union Public School District, National Center for Education Statistics
Living in Union, N.J. - slideshow by The New York Times
1808 establishments in New Jersey
Populated places established in 1808
Township form of New Jersey government
Townships in Union County, New Jersey | [
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125797 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westfield%2C%20New%20Jersey | Westfield, New Jersey | Westfield is a town in Union County, New Jersey, United States, located southwest of Manhattan. As of the 2010 United States Census, the town's population was 30,316, reflecting an increase of 672 (+2.3%) from the 29,644 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 774 (+2.7%) from the 28,870 counted in the 1990 Census.
In March 2018, Bloomberg ranked Westfield as the 99th highest-income place in the United States, and the 18th highest-income location in New Jersey. According to a 2014 nationwide survey, Westfield was ranked as the 30th-safest city to live in the United States.
The town has been one of the state's highest-income communities. Based on data from the American Community Survey for 2013–2017, Westfield residents had a median household income of $159,923, ranked 8th in the state among municipalities with more than 10,000 residents, more than double the statewide median of $76,475.
History
History says that Westfield took its name from the rich "fields west of Elizabeth Town, and hence for over one hundred years went by the name of West Fields. " Town records say that "the settlement of Westfield dates back to the last year (1699) of the seventeenth century. It was the result of the ' Clinker Lot Division.' Almost immediately after the division emigration from the older parts of the town of Elizabeth began to set towards the interior,—especially to the territory lying between the Rahway river, on the east, and the mountains, on the west. It was not, however, until 1720 that the settlers became numerous enough to constitute a distinct community."
The old village area, now the downtown district, was settled in 1720 as part of the Elizabethtown Tract.
Westfield was originally formed as a township on January 27, 1794, from portions of Elizabeth Township, while the area was still part of Essex County, and was incorporated on February 21, 1798, as one of New Jersey's initial group of 104 townships by an act of the New Jersey Legislature. It became part of the newly formed Union County on March 19, 1857. Portions of the township have been taken to form Rahway Township (February 27, 1804), Plainfield Township (April 5, 1847), Cranford Township (March 14, 1871), Fanwood Township (March 6, 1878; now known as Scotch Plains) and Mountainside (September 25, 1895). The Town of Westfield was incorporated on March 4, 1903, replacing Westfield Township. The name of the town is derived from its location in the western, undeveloped fields of the Elizabethtown tract.
As recently as 2017, the Broaddus family living in Westfield received threatening letters from a supposed stalker who referred to himself as "The Watcher," causing a national sensation.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town had a total area of 6.74 square miles (17.46 km2), including 6.72 square miles (17.42 km2) of land and 0.02 square miles (0.05 km2) of water (0.28%).
Unincorporated communities, localities and place names located partially or completely within the township include Germantown and Tamaques Reservation Mill.
Six municipalities border the town of Westfield: Mountainside to the north, Springfield Township to the northeast, Garwood and Cranford to the east, Clark to the southeast, and Scotch Plains to the west and southwest.
The upper reaches of the Rahway River Parkway run through the township along tributaries of the Rahway River.
It is located about one hour from Manhattan.
Community
Library
The Westfield Memorial Library was founded in 1873 as the "Every Saturday Book Club" and has evolved over the past century into the Westfield Memorial Library of today. The Library is located in a large, modern, Williamsburg-style building at 550 East Broad Street. The library's collection consists of over 250,000 books, two dozen public computers, a wide array of multimedia options, a large youth services area with a vivid mural depicting Westfield history, and multiple tables and carrels for studying. The library offers classes for adults and children, storytimes for children, and computer instruction.
Downtown
Westfield's downtown features many local and national stores and several landmarks that were shown and used in the NBC network television show Ed such as the Rialto Theater. There are over 40 restaurants and casual dining establishments throughout the downtown. Downtown is located mostly north of the Westfield train station. The downtown area has a mix of independent stores and boutiques as well as national stores. Over one-third of the retailers and restaurants have existed for 25 years or more.
Downtown Westfield, with over 200 retail establishments and 400 commercial enterprises, is a regional destination in New Jersey. The Downtown Westfield Corporation (DWC) manages the Special Improvement District (SID) area's growth and enhancement. The DWC participates in the National Main Street program associated with the National Trust for Historic Preservation. It is funded by a SID assessment on downtown properties and operates as the district's management agency. The DWC sponsors marketing efforts and promotions, special event planning, urban design and building improvement projects. The DWC works closely with the town government and volunteer groups to improve the downtown area. In 2004, Westfield won the Great American Main Street Award from the National Trust. In 2010, Westfield was the winner of the America in Bloom contest for communities with a population of 25,001–50,000 against the other two towns entered in their category. Shopping and dining in Westfield attracts citizens from other communities across the state.
Several war memorials (including ones dedicated to the Korean War, World War II, Spanish–American War, and the Vietnam War) are located in a plaza near the downtown. The plaza is also home to the September 11 Memorial Park, which pays special tribute to the residents of Westfield who died in the September 11 terrorist attacks.
Downtown Westfield hosts events and festivals throughout the year. Throughout the summer, jazz groups perform live, outdoors, every Tuesday night. October 2018 saw the first annual AddamsFest, honoring Westfield resident Charles Addams. The festival featured exhibits, lectures, film screenings, and a masquerade ball, among other things. Other festivals include the Spring Fling and FestiFall.
In August 2020, Le Tote announced that Lord & Taylor, the town's only department store and the chain's only freestanding location in New Jersey, would close as part of a plan to shut down 38 Lord & Taylor store nationwide. Efforts are being made to redevelop the site.
Parks and recreation
Parks in the town include:
Brightwood Park
Gumbert Park
Lenape Park, is a wildlife reserve and park that is part of Union County's Rahway River Parkway. The park also includes portions of Cranford, Kenilworth and Springfield Township.
Mindowaskin Park
Tamaques Park
Gary Kehler Stadium is named in honor of Gary Kehler (1931-2007), the former Westfield High School football coach and long-time town resident.
Demographics
2010 Census
The Census Bureau's 2006–2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $127,799 (with a margin of error of +/− $10,580) and the median family income was $150,797 (+/− $11,480). Males had a median income of $111,762 (+/− $7,767) versus $71,217 (+/− $5,624) for females. The per capita income for the town was $63,498 (+/− $4,577). About 0.9% of families and 2.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.4% of those under age 18 and 2.0% of those age 65 or over.
2000 Census
As of the 2000 United States Census there were 29,644 people, 10,622 households, and 8,178 families residing in the town. The population density was 4,403.1 people per square mile (1,700.7/km2). There were 10,819 housing units at an average density of 1,607.0 per square mile (620.7/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 89.98% White, 3.88% African American, 0.09% Native American, 4.08% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.62% from other races, and 1.33% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.82% of the population.
There were 10,622 households, out of which 40.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 68.0% were married couples living together, 7.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.0% were non-families. Of all households, 19.3% were made up of individuals, and 9.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.77 and the average family size was 3.20.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 28.4% under the age of 18, 4.0% from 18 to 24, 29.6% from 25 to 44, 24.5% from 45 to 64, and 13.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.4 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $98,390, and the median income for a family was $112,145. Males had a median income of $82,420 versus $45,305 for females. The per capita income for the town was $47,187. About 1.7% of families and 2.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.3% of those under age 18 and 3.1% of those age 65 or over.
Government
Local government
Westfield is governed under a Special Charter granted by an act of the New Jersey Legislature. The town is one of 11 municipalities (of the 565) statewide that operate under special charters. The governing body is comprised of a Mayor and an eight-member Town Council, with all positions filled in partisan elections. The Mayor is elected directly by the voters at-large to a four-year term of office. The Town Council consists of eight members, with two members elected from each of four wards. Town Council members are elected to serve four-year terms on a staggered basis, with one seat in each ward coming up for election every other year. The Town Council holds meetings every two weeks where it discusses legislation under consideration, and which are open to the public.
, the Mayor of Westfield is Democrat Shelley W. Brindle, whose term of office ends on December 31, 2021. Members of the Westfield Town Council are James G. Boyes (Ward 1; D, 2023), David M. Contract (Ward 3; D, 2021), Michael J. Dardia (Ward 2; D, 2021), Linda S. Habgood (Ward 1; D, 2021), Scott A. Katz (Ward 4; D, 2023), Mark LoGrippo (Ward 3; Republican, 2023), Dawn Mackey (Ward 4; D, 2021) and Mark Parmelee (Ward 2; D, 2023).
Emergency services
Police
The Westfield Police Department (WPD) has provided police protection to the town since 1903. The chief of police is Christopher Battiloro, who was appointed to the position in December 2018, after serving for four months on an interim basis. The department operates a Patrol Division, Traffic Safety Bureau, Records Bureau, Detective Bureau and its own Emergency Services Unit. Westfield's Parking Services also falls under the jurisdiction of the WPD, and is responsible for monitoring parking and traffic safety within Westfield's Central Business District and near schools. The WPD also has a Law Enforcement Explorers Post, Post #90. Each division of the WPD operates different vehicles, most with a black-and-white paint scheme.
Fire
The Westfield Fire Department was formed in 1875 following a fire that destroyed a city block on East Broad Street. The WFD is a combination department with 36 paid/career firefighters and 15 volunteer firefighters. There are four platoons of eight (a Battalion Chief, two Lieutenants and five Firefighters) working a 24-/72-hour work schedule out of two fire stations. Administrative members include the Chief of Department, the Deputy Chief of Operations, and the Deputy Chief of Fire Prevention. The Fire Safety Inspector position in the Fire Prevention Bureau was eliminated in January 2009 due to budget cuts. The Chief of Department is Anthony Tiller.
Westfield Fire Headquarters, located at 405 North Avenue West, is manned 24 hours a day by a Battalion Chief (Shift Commander), a lieutenant and three firefighters. These personnel man an engine company, first due on the north side of town, and the ladder company. A reserve engine company and a utility pick-up are also housed at fire headquarters. The office of the Chief of Department and the Deputy Chief of Operations are located here as well.
Station 2, located at 1029 Central Avenue, is manned 24 hours a day by a lieutenant and two firefighters. These personnel man an Engine Company, first due on the south side of town. A reserve engine company, a utility pick-up, and a spare SUV are also housed at Station 2. The Fire Prevention Bureau is located at Station 2 and houses the office of the Deputy Chief of Fire Prevention.
The WFD in operates a fleet of four E-One Engines (2 x 2,000 GPM & 2 x 1,500 GPM) and 1 Pierce Arrow XT 100' Rearmount Ladder, one support SUV, and three staff 4x4 vehicles. The paint scheme for the older apparatus (Engine 4) is yellow, with the newer apparatus (Ladder 1, Engines 2, 3 & 5) being red bodies with white cabs. The support vehicles, a Ford Pick-Up (Utility 7), a Chevy Pick-Up (Utility 8), and a Jeep Cherokee (Car 9) are red with white striping and the remaining staff vehicles, for Chief Officers, are unmarked Dodge Durangos (Car 1,11,12).
The WFD responds annually to approximately 2,000 calls for service. The WFD serves as a backup EMS agency for the town if the Westfield Volunteer Rescue Squad is not readily available. All members are CPR-Defib certified with 27 members currently New Jersey certified EMTs with the remaining members trained to the first responder level. Both stations are always manned with FF/EMTs 24 hours a day.
The WFD is also a partner in the Union County Fire Mutual Aid agreement, responding to numerous requests for aid to any of the other 20 municipalities in Union County.
The career firefighters (excluding the Chief and Deputy Chiefs) are members of New Jersey Firefighter's Mutual Benevolent Association (NJ FMBA) Local 30.
Rescue squad
The Westfield Volunteer Rescue Squad is staffed around the clock by volunteer certified EMTs. Shifts range from 5 hours in the morning and afternoon to 14 hours overnight. The Squad has three ambulances with a crew every shift. Members are paged in the event that another emergency arises and the original crew is answering a medical call. Dispatchers are also volunteers, answering phones directly from the police line.
Federal, state and county representation
Westfield is located in the 7th Congressional District and is part of New Jersey's 21st state legislative district.
Politics
As of March 23, 2011, there were a total of 20,684 registered voters in Westfield, of which 6,485 (31.4% vs. 41.8% countywide) were registered as Democrats, 5,244 (25.4% vs. 15.3%) were registered as Republicans and 8,942 (43.2% vs. 42.9%) were registered as Unaffiliated. There were 13 voters registered to other parties. Among the town's 2010 Census population, 68.2% (vs. 53.3% in Union County) were registered to vote, including 97.5% of those ages 18 and over (vs. 70.6% countywide).
In the 2012 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 8,080 votes (50.9% vs. 66.0% countywide), ahead of Republican Mitt Romney with 7,555 votes (47.6% vs. 32.3%) and other candidates with 147 votes (0.9% vs. 0.8%), among the 15,866 ballots cast by the town's 21,797 registered voters, for a turnout of 72.8% (vs. 68.8% in Union County). In the 2008 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 9,345 votes (54.5% vs. 63.1% countywide), ahead of Republican John McCain with 7,541 votes (44.0% vs. 35.2%) and other candidates with 154 votes (0.9% vs. 0.9%), among the 17,141 ballots cast by the town's 21,251 registered voters, for a turnout of 80.7% (vs. 74.7% in Union County). In the 2004 presidential election, Democrat John Kerry received 8,442 votes (50.6% vs. 58.3% countywide), ahead of Republican George W. Bush with 8,037 votes (48.2% vs. 40.3%) and other candidates with 110 votes (0.7% vs. 0.7%), among the 16,683 ballots cast by the town's 20,441 registered voters, for a turnout of 81.6% (vs. 72.3% in the whole county).
In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 64.1% of the vote (6,303 cast), ahead of Democrat Barbara Buono with 34.5% (3,394 votes), and other candidates with 1.3% (131 votes), among the 10,053 ballots cast by the town's 21,513 registered voters (225 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 46.7%. In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 6,070 votes (51.0% vs. 41.7% countywide), ahead of Democrat Jon Corzine with 4,776 votes (40.2% vs. 50.6%), Independent Chris Daggett with 900 votes (7.6% vs. 5.9%) and other candidates with 58 votes (0.5% vs. 0.8%), among the 11,893 ballots cast by the town's 20,982 registered voters, yielding a 56.7% turnout (vs. 46.5% in the county).
Education
Public school students in pre-kindergarten through twelfth grades attend the Westfield Public Schools. As of the 2018–19 school year, the district, comprised of 10 schools, had an enrollment of 6,304 students and 500.4 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 12.6:1. The district has a central kindergarten, six neighborhood elementary schools (grades 1-5), two middle schools (grades 6-8) divided by a "North Side / South Side" boundary, and one high school (grades 9-12). The schools in the district (with 2018–19 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics) are
Lincoln Early Childhood Center (with 310 students; in grades PreK-K),
Franklin Elementary School (580; 1-5 - North),
Jefferson Elementary School (442; 1-5 - South),
McKinley Elementary School (341; 1-5 - South),
Tamaques Elementary School (401; 1-5 - South),
Washington Elementary School (309; 1-5 - North),
Wilson Elementary School (355; 1-5 - North),
Roosevelt Intermediate School (777; 6-8 - North),
Thomas Alva Edison Intermediate School (844; 6-8 - South) and
Westfield High School (1,865; 9-12).
For high school, public school students from Westfield and all of Union County are eligible to apply to attend the Union County Vocational Technical Schools, which include Union County Magnet High School, Union County Academy for Information Technology, Union County Academy for Allied Health Sciences, Union County Vocational Technical High School and Union County Academy for Performing Arts.
Holy Trinity Interparochial School is a Middle States-accredited Catholic school run by the three parishes of Holy Trinity and St. Helen's in Westfield along with Our Lady of Lourdes in Mountainside, which offers education from pre-kindergarten to 8th grade and operates under the auspices of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Newark.
Transportation
Roads and highways
, the town had a total of of roadways, of which were maintained by the municipality, by Union County and by the New Jersey Department of Transportation.
The main road serving Westfield is New Jersey Route 28, which runs for about two miles alongside the commuter railroad that marks the boundary between the town's North and South Sides. Westfield can also be accessed by Exits 135 and 137 of the nearby Garden State Parkway, or by the Lawrence, Mountain, or Springfield Avenue exits of U.S. Route 22.
Public transportation
NJ Transit (NJT) provides passenger rail service from the Westfield train station on the Raritan Valley Line to Newark Penn Station with connecting service to New York Penn Station. Westfield riders are able to make a one-seat ride (no transfer necessary) into NY Penn Station during weekday off-peak hours, which was made possible by upgrades of the NJT train equipment to operate into New York City. Westfield's position and schedule on the Raritan Valley Line make it desirable for commuters, as several times in the morning and evening rush hours a non-stop service operates to/from Newark Penn Station. On these non-stop services, the one-way journey time to/from NY Penn Station is 50 minutes, or 20 minutes to/from Newark Penn Station.
The NJT 113 bus route provides one-seat service to New York City's Port Authority Bus Terminal seven days per week from the town center, taking approximately one hour to NYC, with additional service available along Route 22 on the northern edge of the town (NJT bus routes 114 and 117), taking approximately 45 minutes. The 59 route provides local bus service between Plainfield and Newark.
Newark Liberty International Airport is approximately 20 minutes away, most conveniently reached via Route 22 or NJT trains. Linden Airport, a general aviation facility, is in nearby Linden, New Jersey.
Services
Residential telephone service is provided by Verizon Communications. Westfield cable television is supplied by Comcast , which also delivers Westfield Community Television (channel 36), News 12 New Jersey (channel 62), and Scotch Plains Local Access Channel (channel 34) Verizon FiOS is also offered in Westfield, which gives the option of digital cable, high-speed internet and telephone service. Power is supplied through the Public Service Electric and Gas Company. Gas is supplied by Elizabethtown Gas and water by American Water of New Jersey. Recycling is collected curbside by private haulers contracted by the Department of Public Works on a biweekly basis, while trash is collected by private haulers hired by residents.
Media
Westfield is served by the locally published weekly newspaper, The Westfield Leader. The Record-Press had served the community until it ended publication in 2008. Westfield is also served by multi-community newspapers including the Courier News, a daily newspaper based in Bridgewater Township, and The Star-Ledger based in Newark. Westfield Patch is an online news source dedicated strictly to local Westfield news that is updated around the clock by a small staff of paid editors and volunteer contributors. Likewise, TAPInto Westfield is an online news source dedicated to local Westfield news.
Westfield Community Television (WCT)
The local community access channel 36 operates out of the Municipal Building on Broad Street in Westfield on Mondays, Wednesdays, Fridays and half of every Sunday. WCT provides limited community-related programming, coverage of town council meetings, and operates the WCT Bulletin Board. WCT shares time on channel 36 with Blue Devil Television, which originates from Westfield High School and produces nearly 200 original productions each academic year.
Culture
The Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America Metropolis of New Jersey is headquartered in Westfield.
Notable people
People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Westfield include:
Marc Acito (born 1966), playwright, novelist and humorist.
Charles Addams (1912–1988), cartoonist for The New Yorker magazine, most famous for his cartoons of The Addams Family.
Kim Alsop (born c. 1933), former head coach of the Samford Bulldogs football team.
Virginia Apgar (1909–1974), creator of the Apgar score for assessing health of newborns.
Billy Ard (born 1959), former NFL guard for the New York Giants and Green Bay Packers.
H. W. Ambruster (1879–1961), football coach, chemical engineer, actor and lecturer.
Omar Ashmawy, staff director and chief counsel of the Office of Congressional Ethics.
Richard Bagger (born 1960), former mayor, who served as chief of staff for Governor of New Jersey Chris Christie.
Robert L. Barchi (born 1946), twentieth president of Rutgers University, 2012-2020.
Cheryl Barnes, singer and actress best known for her role in Miloš Forman's 1979 film adaptation of Hair, where she played the mother of Hud's little son.
Carolyn Beebe (1873–1950), pianist who was a founder of the New York Chamber Music Society.
Bryan Beller (born 1971), bass guitarist known for his work with Mike Keneally, Steve Vai, Dethklok, James LaBrie of Dream Theater and Dweezil Zappa.
Jon Bramnick (born 1953), member of the New Jersey General Assembly who has represented the 21st Legislative District since 2003.
Brock Brower (1931–2014), novelist, magazine journalist and TV writer.
Dave Brown (born 1970), NFL quarterback drafted in the 1st round of the supplemental draft, 1992-2000 (New York Giants, Arizona Cardinals).
Steve Brozak (born 1961), Managing Partner and President of WBB Securities, LLC, a Democratic congressional candidate in the 2004 election cycle and the Chairman and CEO of StormBio, Inc.
Robert N. Buck (1914–2007), aviator and author who broke 14 junior airspeed records in the 1930s, started his flying career at the Westfield Airport.
Alan Bunce (1900–1965), radio and television actor.
Devin Caherly (born 2001, class of 2019), social media personality.
Chris Campbell (born 1954), wrestler who won a bronze medalist in Freestyle wrestling at the 1992 Summer Olympics.
Gil Chapman (born 1953), running back and return specialist for the University of Michigan and New Orleans Saints.
Steve Cheek (born 1977), NFL punter, 2001–2005 (San Francisco 49ers, Kansas City Chiefs, Carolina Panthers).
Michael Chertoff (born 1953), United States Secretary of Homeland Security and former United States district court Judge.
John Chironna (1928–2010), head coach of the Rhode Island Rams football team in 1961 and 1962.
Chris Christie (born 1962), Governor of New Jersey, who lived in Westfield for a year while his home in Mendham was under construction.
Bob Clotworthy (1931–2018), diver who competed in the 3 m springboard at the 1952 and 1956 Olympics and won a bronze and a gold medal, respectively.
Pat Cosquer (born 1975), college squash coach.
John Cuneo (born 1957), illustrator, whose work has appeared in The New Yorker, Esquire, Sports Illustrated and The Atlantic.
Nicholas Delpopolo (born 1989), judoka who has represented the United States at the 2012 Summer Olympics and 2016 Summer Olympics.
Robert S. Dietz (1914–1995), marine geologist, geophysicist and oceanographer who conducted pioneering research concerning seafloor spreading.
Alexander Wilson Drake (1843–1916), artist, collector and critic.
Sara Driver (born 1955), independent filmmaker.
Michael DuHaime (born 1974), Republican strategist and public affairs executive.
Geoff Edwards (1931–2014), actor and game show host.
Edward Einhorn (born 1970), children's author, director and playwright.
Mike Emanuel (born 1967), Washington correspondent for Fox News.
Gail Falkenberg (born 1947), professional tennis player, who may be the oldest tournament tennis player of all time, having competed in ITF Women's World Tennis Tour tournaments as recently as 2021, at age 74.
Thomas Farley, pediatrician who served as the commissioner of the Philadelphia Department of Health.
Kevin Feige (born 1973), film producer and President of Marvel Studios.
Michael Fennelly (born 1949), rock guitarist, singer and songwriter who performed with The Millennium and Crabby Appleton.
Gerald Foster (1900–1987). painter who competed in the painting event in the art competition at the 1932 Summer Olympics.
William Chapman Foster (1897-1984), businessman and high-ranking government official who negotiated multiple arms control treaties.
Nona Garson (born 1958), equestrian who competed in team jumping and individual jumping at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney.
GH057ayame (gamer tag of Eric Hewitt), retired professional Major League Gaming gamer who works for 343 Industries working on future Halo games.
Gina Glantz (born c. 1943), political strategist, campaign manager, field director and consultant.
John Duval Gluck (1878–1951), philanthropist, customs broker and con artist who is best known for popularizing the practice of sending and answering letters to Santa Claus in New York City.
Dan Graham (born 1942), artist, writer, and curator.
Joseph Greenspan (born 1992), soccer player for the Pittsburgh Riverhounds SC of the United Soccer League.
Robert Greifeld (born 1957), CEO of NASDAQ-OMX.
Matt Gutman (born 1977), ABC News correspondent.
Harry Hanan (1916–1982), cartoonist of the syndicated comic strip Louie.
Kenneth Hand (1899–1988), politician and judge who served in the New Jersey Senate.
Walt Hansgen (1919–1966), racecar driver.
Chuck Hardwick (born 1941), politician and business leader who served as Speaker of the New Jersey General Assembly and was a candidate for Governor of New Jersey.
Langston Hughes (1902–1967), poet.
Clark Hulings (1922–2011), realist artist.
Zora Neale Hurston (1891–1960), folklorist.
Scott Jacobs (born 1958), painter known for his photorealistic work of Harley-Davidson motorcycles, who became the company's first official licensed artist in 1993.
Robert Kaplow (born c. 1954), teacher and novelist whose coming-of-age novel was made into a film titled Me and Orson Welles.
Thomas Kean Jr. (born 1968), New Jersey State Senator and son of former Governor of New Jersey Thomas Kean.
Mary Jo Keenen, actress who appeared on Nurses.
Kevin Kelly (born 1952), founder of Wired magazine.
Martin Kunert (born 1970), film director and TV writer/producer of Voices of Iraq, MTV's Fear and Campfire Tales.
Christian J. Lambertsen (1917–2011), "the father of the Frogmen".
Marilyn Lange (born 1952), Playboy Playmate for May 1974 and Playmate of the Year for 1975.
Margaret Carver Leighton (1896–1987), children's author.
Ira Lewis (1932–2015), actor and playwright, whose works included Chinese Coffee.
John List (1925–2008), murderer convicted in the deaths of his wife, mother and three children. Known as the "Bogeyman of Westfield".
Matt Loughlin, sportscaster who is the radio play-by-play voice of the New Jersey Devils of the National Hockey League on WFAN.
Andrew McCarthy (born 1962), actor who appeared in Weekend at Bernie's and is currently starring in The Family.
Sy Montgomery (born 1958), naturalist, author and scriptwriter.
Patrick Morrisey (born 1967), elected as Attorney General of West Virginia in 2012.
Rebecca Morse (born 1992), ice hockey defender, currently playing for the Metropolitan Riveters of the National Women's Hockey League.
Laura Overdeck, entrepreneur and philanthropist who is the founder and president of Bedtime Math.
Bill Palatucci (born 1958), attorney who is a member of the Republican National Committee and the New Jersey Apportionment Commission, and led the selection of staff for the presidential transition of Donald Trump.
Randolph Perkins (1871–1936), mayor of Westfield from 1903 to 1905, and represented New Jersey's 6th congressional district from 1921 to 1936.
Dave Perkowski (born 1947), former competition swimmer who represented the United States in the 100-meter breaststroke event at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City.
Arthur N. Pierson (1867–1957), businessman and politician who served as Speaker of the New Jersey General Assembly and President of the New Jersey Senate.
Paul Robeson (1898–1976), athlete, actor, singer, political activist, NFL guard from 1920 to 1922 for the Akron Pros and Milwaukee Badgers.
Andrew K. Ruotolo (1952-1995), politician who served as the Union County, New Jersey prosecutor.
John Rzeznik (born 1965), lead singer of the Goo Goo Dolls.
Bret Schundler (born 1959), former Mayor of Jersey City and former New Jersey gubernatorial candidate.
Amos Scudder (1779-1856), architect and builder
Ephraim Scudder (1819–1872), builder
John Scudder (1815–1869), builder
Coleen Sexton (born 1979), actress who made her Broadway debut at age 20 in Jekyll & Hyde in 2000.
Matthew Sklar (born 1973), Tony Award and Emmy Award-nominated composer of Broadway musicals The Prom, Elf the Musical, and The Wedding Singer
Jessica St. Clair (born 1976), actress and improvisational comedian.
Dan Soucek (born 1969), North Carolina State Senator.
Jeff Torborg (born 1941), MLB player and manager.
P. Roy Vagelos (born 1929), former Chairman and CEO of Merck & Co.
Jeffrey A. Warsh (born 1960), former member of the New Jersey General Assembly and Executive Director of NJ Transit.
Dave Weinstein (born 1988), appointed by Governor of New Jersey Chris Christie in 2016 to serve as the state's Chief Technology Officer.
Roger Welch (born 1946), conceptual artist.
Harrison A. Williams (1919–2001), U.S. Senator who was forced to resign in the face of expulsion due to his involvement in the Abscam case.
Malinda Williams (born 1975), actress.
Glen Everett Woolfenden (1930–2007), ornithologist, known for his long-term study of the Florida scrub jay population at Archbold Biological Station near Lake Placid, Florida.
Harold "Butch" Woolfolk (born 1960), NFL running back from 1982 to 1988 who played for the New York Giants, Houston Oilers and Detroit Lions.
Dan Yemin, punk rock guitarist.
References
External links
Westfield Area Chamber of Commerce
1798 establishments in New Jersey
Populated places established in 1798
Special Charters in New Jersey
Towns in Union County, New Jersey | [
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125798 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winfield%20Township%2C%20New%20Jersey | Winfield Township, New Jersey | Winfield Township (also called Winfield Park) is a township in Union County, New Jersey, in the United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the township's population decreased to 1,471, the lowest recorded in any decennial census, reflecting a decline of 43 (-2.8%) from the 1,514 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn declined by 62 (-3.9%) from the 1,576 counted in the 1990 Census. The township is the sixth-smallest municipality in the state. Winfield and Linden share the same ZIP Code.
Winfield Township was incorporated as a township by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on August 6, 1941, from portions of Clark and Linden, passing over the Governor's veto.
History
The Winfield Park Mutual Ownership Defense Housing Project (Project No. 28071) is a 700 unit development of 254 buildings that was originally planned and developed by and built for the defense workers of the Kearny, New Jersey, shipyards. This was the last of eight projects undertaken by the Mutual Ownership Defense Housing Division of the Federal Works Agency under the leadership of Colonel Lawrence Westbrook. At earlier stages Winfield Park was also known as the Rahway River Park Project. John T. Rowland served as the architect of the project. Winfield Park is located immediately off of exit 136 of the Garden State Parkway; the municipalities of Cranford, Linden and Clark surround Winfield Township, a governmental entity established to enclose the Winfield Park Project. The Township is bordered on three sides by the Rahway River and Rahway River Park (which adds substantially to the park-like setting envisioned by the planners). Units range in size and type from single family homes to two story (plus basement) two- and three-bedroom apartments, better known today as Townhouses; to one story (plus basement) two-bedroom apartments; and one-bedroom apartments, better known to residents as "bachelors." Within the town are located an elementary school, two-store shopping center and Senior Citizen Hall, Community Center, Mutual Housing Office and Garage, Volunteer Fire and Ambulance Squad Building, and Municipal Building/ Police Office.
The defense workers of the Kearny Shipyards had realized early in 1940 that a great housing need was developing in the northern New Jersey area. These workers were early, and vocal, supporters of the National Housing for Defense Act of 1940, also known as the Lanham Act, and the mutual housing program. In January, 1941, a report on the housing requirements of the northern New Jersey area indicated that 1000 units were needed immediately, and the Defense Housing Coordinator approved the construction of a 300 unit project in the Newark/ Harrison area, and a 700 unit project "to be built as a project itself sponsored by a responsible committee of the defense workers who will live in them." The housing committee had seven working policies that it had developed, and that it wanted applied to the workers' housing, all of which they believed conformed with the original intentions of the Lanham Act of 1940 ("The housing is to be wherever feasible of a permanent nature, and after the emergency has passed these homes are to be disposed of, and in that way the Government is to recoup the initial investment... and they will be available for permanent homes." The cost per unit was set at, and not permitted to exceed, $3000.00.) and fit well within the mutual housing program.
1. Management of all community affairs, including relations with local government, should be in the hands of the residents of the new project.
2. Each unit should be assessable for its portion of local taxes, and every effort needs to be made "that both houses and householders should be easily and naturally assimilated into the normal scheme of the locality."
3. The Federal Works Agency (FWA) would provide all streets, sewers, parks, and all other facilities for the project.
4. All dwellings built for civilian defense workers should be sold as a group to local housing corporation as soon as they are completed.
5. All stockholders in the project are, and should be considered as, householders.
6. All management and operating procedures must be carried out under the direction of the local corporation, and not under the direction of the federal government.
7. Housing Corporation must enter into a contract of sale, rather than a rental agreement, with each householder.
Although the committee was completely convinced of the quality of the mutual ownership program itself, they did insist on improvements in the quality of the units over those that had been first designed and built for the Audubon Park project. They especially insisted on the construction of full basements for their new homes.
Choosing the site
The first major job that faced the development committee was finding and selecting a suitable site for a 700 unit housing project in northern New Jersey. The United States Housing Authority provided two site selection experts, and the New Jersey State Planning Commission provided assistance throughout the site selecting process. The final location had to be relatively inexpensive to purchase, be located near major utility networks for water, gas, electric and sewer connections, and be in a financially stable host community with underutilized public facilities and services. Major urban areas in northern New Jersey were eliminated early because there were no plots of land large enough for the project. The marshy rural areas near the shipyards were also found to be unacceptable early on. Quickly the committee began focusing its attention on the surrounding suburban communities, which were very popular among its work constituency. Suburban communities, however, lacked financial stability, because they lacked the industrial base necessary to keep residential property taxes low. The people of these prospective host communities were also frightened that the new project would be a direct liability rather than an asset for their towns.
Early resistance from potential host communities over financial impact concerns meant that the committee had two choices: to stop the project and wait for the problems to be resolved, or push ahead, utilizing the powers granted in the Lanham Act powers to overrule local resistance, but creating a great deal of friction that could potentially effect the project's future success. The housing need was so great, though, that the only viable choice was the second one, and they pushed forward to find a site. Consciously attempting to avoid conflict, the committee tried to assure potential host communities that projects built within the mutual ownership program would pay real taxes, and not make payments in lieu of taxes as outlined in the Lanham Act of 1940. They also petitioned the United States Congress to provide additional funds to host communities that would allow them to expand public services and facilities without imposing additional local taxes. But the financial concerns of the residents only served to exacerbate other local fears about the new project. Many defense workers took these other fears very personally.
"Realizing that such an influx of families would engulf them (host community) in a tidal wave of financial difficulty, the municipal government of the various towns considered, stirred up a tremendous opposition to the project and the people to live in it with untrue and unjust charges such as decreased realty values, 'tax exempt properties,' 'lower class of people,' and so forth, which are all obviously false. We are a class of people who are gainfully employed, we are law abiding, decent, and respectable, and we are Americans."
Seven potential host communities were eventually identified and researched. The committee named Union Township, New Jersey as their final choice, but under intense community and [political pressure] this decision was reversed, and Clark, New Jersey was selected as the final site of the project. Colonel Lawrence Westbrook, Special Assistant in the Federal Works Agency with responsibility for the Mutual Ownership Defense Housing Division, wrote the following letter to Union Township opponents of the project, clearly showing his frustration.
"Your letter to Congressmen McLean protesting the location of a proposed defense housing project in Union Township has been referred to this office. This is to advise you that a decision has been made to locate the project in Clark Township. It is desired to make it entirely clear, however, that in reaching this decision this office in no manner agrees that the numerous protests received from various persons and organizations in Union Township were based upon valid premises. We feel certain that if you and the other protesters had been acquainted with all of the facts in the situation, you would not have filed your protest. On the contrary, it is believed that you would have urged the Government to locate the project in your township. Since the project will be undertaken in your immediate neighborhood, you will have ample opportunity to determine for yourselves whether or not the disadvantages to the community, as claimed by your Mayor, were based upon sound facts."
Clark Township's municipal government had been very desirous of the siting of the project in their township, and had actually extended an invitation to the Federal Works Agency after the Union Township protests had erupted. However the reaction of Clark's residents to the project clearly indicates that the Township Committee did not have a good understanding of the actual desires of their constituents.
Clark Township protests
The residents of Clark – in 1940 a rural community of 350 homes and 1,250 registered voters – were first informed of their municipality's selection as the final site of the 700-unit mutual housing project at a town meeting on April 1, 1941. During the meeting a letter from John Carmody, Federal Works Administrator, was read to the residents, in which he said:
"I am glad to say that a decision has been reached to construct this project in your township, and I want to take this occasion to thank you and your associates on the Township Committee for your intelligent and patriotic attitude."
But the residents of Clark were not moved by Mr. Carmody's supportive words. One local paper reported that
"Joseph Aaron, who came up from his winter home in Florida to attend the session, demanded the ousting of the Township Committee. Several spirited sallies of this type marked the meeting, the largest gathering of its kind ever held in the township."
The residents of the Township demanded that they be provided with answers to the following questions:
1. Why was the siting of the project in the Township handled so secretly?
2. What guarantees could be given that this project would be permanent in nature?
3. Would Clark have to pick up the cost of maintaining the project after the emergency ends?
4. Who would pay for new schools, equipment, streets, sewers, fire and police protection?
5. Would the Federal Works Agency guarantee in writing that the project will never become a burden to Clark?
Federal Works Agency Special Counsel Colvin, rather than trying to calm the fears of the residents, reminded one and all that the FWA had been empowered by Lanham Act to place a defense housing project anywhere it deemed necessary and appropriate, without discussions with residents. During his remarks he made only brief mention of new public works being provided by the Federal Works Agency, or Title II of the Lanham Act (then being discussed in the US Congress to provide $150 million for the construction and provision of public services and facilities in host communities of defense housing projects). A worker from the Kearny Shipyards also spoke and assured the residents that their new neighbors would be "good people", and that employment at the yards would be stable for at least the "next 10 to 15 years". Not satisfied by any of this information, and feeling betrayed by their own leaders, the residents demanded that an immediate vote be taken against the project. This request was denied. In response the residents announced the formation of an opposition group, headed by Mr. Arthur de Laski, with the stated goals of seeking the impeachment of all municipal officials and stopping the mutual housing project.
The residents of Clark opposed to Winfield believed that its siting within their community would double local taxes. Opposition leaders created elaborate models to show how the additional needs for general services, election, fire and police protection, streets, lighting, water, sanitation, and school costs would quickly double the municipal budget from a yearly total of $33,929, to $66,563. The residents also expressed concern that the project would add approximately 1500 new registered voters to the community: original residents would now be substantially outnumbered in local elections. Additionally, local real estate interests were fearful that the project would flood the local housing market, severely deflating prices after the emergency because of postwar abandonment. The majority of the planned units would not be single-family homes, which many believed would lead to a less stable community and a deterioration of the real estate market. The Union County Parks Department expressed concern about the construction of Winfield— Rahway River Park surrounded the project on three sides—since their own planning program had called for the development of this particularly desirable tract of land with expensive single family homes. The residents continued to be concerned that their new neighbors would be of a lower class of people (although they had been promised that they would be primarily middle-class and would all be white thanks to housing officials not permitting racial integration in most public housing projects of the time), and were annoyed these potential new neighbors would be getting subsidies at their expense.
Lawrence Westbrook believed that Charles Palmer, the Defense Housing Coordinator, had encouraged and supported the formation of the Clark Township opposition group to accomplish his own hidden agenda of centralizing control over the Defense Housing initiative in his hands. Westbrook testified before Congress that Palmer's brother-in-law, who lived in northern New Jersey, had secretly led a delegation from Clark to visit with Palmer and discuss their concerns about the construction of Winfield Park. Westbrook believed that Palmer, during this meeting, had provided this group with information and advice on how to successfully fight the project.
By late May 1941, the Clark opposition group had successfully organized in advance of municipal elections and replaced all township leaders responsible for bringing the Winfield Park project to Clark. Attention now turned to stopping the mutual housing project, or at least transferring most of its costs and impact to someone else. Opposition leaders carefully studied the publicity surrounding the earlier construction of the Audubon Park Mutual Ownership Defense Housing Project just outside Camden, New Jersey. The community in that case had followed an unsuccessful strategy of attempting to stop the project with building codes and local ordinances. All of these attempted blocks to construction were overturned by courts sympathetic to the powers given to the [FWA] by the Lanham Act. The Clark opposition developed a new and innovative opposition strategy. They would attempt to have the entire Winfield Park Mutual Housing project declared as a separate municipality by the New Jersey State Legislature. As a separate municipality all costs for public services and facilities would be the responsibility of the residents of Winfield Park, and not the residents of Clark. With Winfield Park Township established as a separate municipality, opponents believed the project would be killed because the federal government and potential residents would shy away from the overwhelming expenses and confusing legalities of this new governmental structure. Immediately Westbrook and other project supporters reacted to this strategy by declaring that the opposition was attempting the sabotage the entire national defense program. In defiance, Westbrook declared that he was sure the project would not only survive this attack, but would actually outlive its surrounding communities.
The creation of Winfield Township
On June 30, 1941 – six days after the construction of Winfield Park had begun – Union County Assemblyman Pascoe presented a bill to the New Jersey General Assembly establishing Winfield Township, New Jersey (originally the bill called for the establishment of Lindark, New Jersey). After presenting the bill Pascoe asked for, and received, a suspension of the rules so that the vote on the bill could follow its first reading. The bill passed the assembly 35 to 20, and was sent immediately on to the New Jersey Senate, which also suspended its rules, and voted the bill through 14 to 0 on July 14, 1941. On July 21, 1941, Governor Charles Edison vetoed the bill returning it to the legislature with a letter chastising the members for approving a bill that he believed was counter to the needs of the national defense program. In his view it was discriminatory towards defense workers; it did not consider the important passage of Title II of the Lanham Act by the Congress on June 28, 1941 (another indication that money was only a partial driving force for opposition against Winfield); it created an unprecedented "Federal Island" in the State of New Jersey; it failed to consider that the State's constitution would not permit Winfield's new residents to elect local governmental officials until they had resided in the town for at least one year; and ignored the fact that the passage of the bill violated the New Jersey Constitution's specific guidelines concerning public announcements and opening hearings before a bill could be passed. Governor Edison's letter was read before the Legislature on July 28, 1941. At the reading's conclusion there was no debate; Assemblyman Pascoe once again asked for a suspension of the rules, and the veto was immediately overturned by a vote of 33 to 24. The bill was immediately sent to the Senate, which on the same afternoon also suspended its rules and overturned the Governor's veto by a vote of 11 to 5. Thus on July 28, 1941, Winfield Township, New Jersey was established. Forty Clark Township opposition leaders were present in Trenton, New Jersey on July 28, 1941 and celebrated Winfield's establishment in the halls of Capital building.
Winfield Township is a unique municipality in the United States. No other defense housing project had been established as a separate municipality. This unique status also created a number of unique problems. As the Elizabeth Daily Journal reported:
"Now Uncle Sam owns a town. Uncle Sam cannot tax himself or vote for himself. The occupants of houses cannot be taxed like a regular home owner and he has promised them low monthly charges, but with all the benefits of life in town."
But contrary to the opposition's hopes the construction of Winfield continued unabated, and in fact the establishment of Winfield Township resulted in the unforeseen positive effect of permitting the projects residents to control their own future and the eventual destiny of their community. Winfield's new residents would at first feel like second-class citizens, surrounded by hostile enemies. In what would seem to be a deliberately snide article entitled "County Clerk Places Winfield On His List," a local newspaper reported:
"Winfield has attained a modicum of recognition in these days of rebuffs and snubs among the powers. On all lists of municipalities required for records of official business in the office of County Clerk Henry G. Nulton it now appears with its rebellious neighbors, Clark and Linden, the other towns. The fact that it is at the bottom of the list, insisted Abraham Grosman, in charge of revising the list, is that it alphabetically falls there, wrestling last position from Westfield."
Winfield's official history, written in 1976, even begins with the following:
"Winfield, Winfield Park, Winfield Township, is a big title for the 'baby of Union County.' Most of us use the plain 'Winfield' address, simply because it is the quickest to write. People still say, 'Where's that?' However, after thirty-five years of the same question, we are accustomed to the remark. Sometimes the remarks, that are given to our town, when a person knows where Winfield is, are far harder to swallow than when he is ignorant of its location. Some of the milder titles are, 'barracks', or 'oh, those places.' We are so tiny, that even state and county cartographers sometimes forget to put us on their maps. Sure, we feel a bit miffed at times, but we then look across our 'Green Acres' and realize our blessing."
But this local community pressure also had the positive effect of forcing Winfield's residents to work together more closely, and form a more tightly knit community than could ever have been anticipated in the original site plan.
Construction
The construction of Winfield Park began on June 23, 1941, and was contracted through the MacEvoy Company of Newark, New Jersey, a company that built sections of the Newark subway, the Wanaque Reservoir, and was then working on developing reinforced concrete oil tankers (a project that failed spectacularly, and remnants of which can be still be seen off the coastline of Cape May, New Jersey). The entire Winfield project — 254 buildings on 110 acres —eventually required 7500 gallons of paint; 2500 rolls of wallpaper; of lumber; and would employ 1,223 construction workers for five months.
From the start work did not proceed well. Labor Union disputes stopped construction at least once, and the construction work completed by the MacEvoy Company was exceptionally poor—so poor, in fact, that it attracted the attention of the Truman Committee investigating abuses with the National Defense Program. The investigation would eventually uncover the facts that the Winfield Park project lacked complete architectural or engineering plans, and that financial records — at least the few that could be found — were criminally maintained. The projects construction was so badly botched that in many of the new buildings, residents discovered that nails had been hammered through water pipes, chimneys still contained the wooden forms used for their construction, roofs leaked, water pipes had never been soldered, floors were buckled, paint work was molding, sewer lines and pumps rarely worked, and many roads, sidewalks and curbs had never been completed. On average, thirty seven items needed to be repaired and/or replaced in each unit to make it habitable. To accomplish this repair work the federal government spent an additional $100,000.00, and hired a new contractor, even after the project had officially been declared complete by Westbrook. The final cost for Winfield Park, including Federal Works Agency provided public works, came to $4,392,075.55 or $6,274.00/ unit; the Lanham Act specified a limit of $3,500.00. Continuing investigations uncovered that MacEvoy Company had manipulated bids and committed extensive fraud. MacEvoy rented and sold equipment and supplies to itself at inflated cost, provided insurance to the government for its own work, provided employment to the son-in-law of one of the government inspectors on the project, and generally milked the Winfield Park Project for everything that it could.
Community life
The construction difficulties outlined above had a major impact on the early days of Winfield Township. On November 30, 1941, the first 145 families (popularly referred to by township residents today as the "pioneers") arrived in their new town. A planned parade from Newark, New Jersey never materialized, and the families found themselves moving into barely completed, temporarily assigned units, located at the edge of the project so as to make the units more easily accessible across the mud flats that were supposed to be the town's roads, curbs and sidewalks. Most units were not yet connected to utilities, and in some cases would not be for several months, even as winter approached. Early residents vividly remember huddling around car radios, the only radios available because of lack of electricity, to hear the news of the bombing of Pearl Harbor. No fire protection was provided, but a few guards were hired by the government and provided with bicycles for "law enforcement". The school was not yet under construction, and all school-age children were sent to three different school districts. As would be expected, Winfield's neighbors were not warm to the new residents and were even heard to make rude comments as the township's residents trudged into their communities, in their mud-covered boots, to make food purchases. Transportation to the Kearny Shipyards was difficult if not impossible when the bus provided by the government broke down. Although one would think things could not be worse, there was an outbreak of polio in Winfield, and the entire town was quarantined. But even with these difficulties, there would soon be far more applicants than available units. Quickly the township's population increased and the new residents were employed not only by the Kearny shipyards, but also by Merck & Company, National Pneumatic Company, Lawrence Engineering and Research Company, American Type Founders Co., American Gas Accumulator, Singer Manufacturing, and many other manufacturers.
The cooperative nature of the town as a mutual housing project, the difficult physical environment of the town during its early days, and the animosity exhibited toward the new residents by their neighbors all served to bind the community together, creating a very strong and vigorous community life. Volunteer Police and Fire departments were quickly established by the residents, as was a volunteer Ambulance Squad and cooperative food store. Community leaders actively sought to discover the special skills and interests of Winfield's residents, and utilized this information to organize and promote an astonishing number of clubs and social groups for a community of this size. Cooperative child care was provided in a building built by the community itself. Other community construction projects included a community center and shopping center. The great community event of the early days of Winfield Township was the opening of the town's grammar school on September 8, 1943. To increase the speed of repairs of structural deficiencies caused by the MacEvoy Company's poor workmanship, the residents of the Winfield participated in a rent strike against the federal government during the first year of occupancy; it was this strike that brought the attention of the Truman Committee to the Winfield Park project. A lasting problem caused by the township's unique status was the ill-defined relationship between the newly appointed Township Committee and the Mutual Housing Corporation. Both groups represented the same constituency; one (Mutual Housing) controlling all of the buildings and the other (Township Committee) with taxation authority; conflict and confusion were inevitable.
After the war
Winfield Park was the last of the Mutual Ownership Defense Housing Projects to be built and occupied. Because it was opened just prior to the start of the United States involvement in World War II, it was also one of the last housing project of a permanent nature to be built for the defense housing program. The current residents of Winfield believe that their town was built as temporary housing, and are very proud of how well the structures have held up over the past 68 years thanks to their repair efforts; clearly this grew out of the poor workmanship of the original construction.
The Winfield Park Mutual Housing Corporation purchased the Winfield Park project from the federal government for $1,358,567.21 on December 28, 1950, and entered into a 45-year mortgage bearing a 3% interest rate, which was completed on July 1, 1984. By 1966 a Rutgers University economic study of the town reported that the town had "elements of a cooperative utopia, a feudal manor, and company town (with only one party and one company)." It continued on that:
"One of the apparent by-products of this situation (Town and Corporation being one and the same) is that the normal inter-party rivalry has been replaced by a running battle between the corporation and the township, both of which are elected by the same voters."
The 1966 study also made another observation about Winfield Park.
"One effect of outside resentment upon Winfield itself was to solidify sentiment among the inhabitants against their neighbors. If their neighbors didn't like Winfield, the feeling was definitely mutual. Another effect was to make the early Winfield settlers suspicious of all bureaucracy, including their own elected officers. In this respect, the trying experiences and disillusionment attending the early days of Winfield have made its citizens even more sensitive than usual to rumors respecting changes in the community structures."
This sensitivity was especially prevalent by the 1960s, a time when residents began to realize that the town's property was actually now worth far more than the structures built upon it. Although a number of experts have presented proposals to Winfield for more efficient and economical use of the property—ranging from selling the entire community and splitting the profits, to moving every resident into a single high rise building and then developing the remaining property for more profitable uses—residents have never considered any of these proposals very seriously. In fact, the residents have continually recommitted themselves to the mutual ownership concept.
In August, 2001 the entire township celebrated its 60th Anniversary with a community picnic and a parade led by Grand Marshal Leona Harriot Burke (1917–2007) who had moved from Kearny, New Jersey to Winfield Park on the first move-in day for new residents on December 1, 1941. Mrs. Burke had also served as the first president of the Winfield Park Volunteer Fire Department's Ladies Auxiliary. Few could have predicted such an outcome for this experimental housing project from 1941 yet with enormous forces lined up against it the Winfield Park Mutual Housing Corporation and the municipality of Winfield Township continue to operate successfully today as it quickly approaches its seventieth anniversary.
Sociological research
The residents of Winfield Park were participants during the mid-1940s in a study of social interactions and patterns within public housing projects. This was one of the first studies undertaken by Columbia University Bureau of Applied Social Research under the leadership of sociologist Robert K. Merton. Dr. Merton would become one of the most influential sociologists of the 20th century; he was known as the "Father of the focus group" and was the first sociologist to win a National Medal of Science (1994). During his career, Dr. Merton coined terms including "self-fulfilling prophecy" (in an article that dealt with Winfield) and "role model". Other sociologists involved in these studies included Paul Lazarsfeld, Patricia Salter West and Marie Jahoda. Winfield Park was presented in a number of published articles by these researchers under the pseudonym "Craftown" and was presented as a homogeneous white middle-income public housing project. In these articles "Craftown" was often compared and contrasted with "Hilltown," a racially integrated lower-income public housing project. An aspect of this research beyond interviewing every adult resident of the community was the decision to observe and provided detailed analysis and reports on community organizational meetings taking place during the summer and fall of 1945. In addition to the articles, there was also an unpublished manuscript on this research entitled Patterns of Social Life: Explorations in the Sociology and Social Psychology of Housing. When asked in 2002 why this manuscript had not been published, Dr. Merton described the period of its writing as being during the Red Scare of the post-war years and his fear, along with those of the other researchers, that the study could have negatively affected Winfield Park. This is certainly understandable when one considers that at about the same time Senator Joseph McCarthy did not hesitate in accusing General George Marshall, war hero and US Secretary of State, of being a communist sympathizer, although it was his Marshall Plan that was rebuilding Europe and keeping much of the West out of Communist control. Dr. Merton described the mutual housing projects as some of the closest examples of functioning socialist communities within the United States, and as such was one of the primary attractions for studying Winfield Park and its residents.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township had a total area of 0.18 square miles (0.47 km2), all of which was land.
The township is bordered to the north and east by Linden and to the south and west by Clark.
Demographics
Census 2010
The Census Bureau's 2006-2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $55,323 (with a margin of error of +/- $6,372) and the median family income was $61,563 (+/- $8,257). Males had a median income of $54,034 (+/- $3,966) versus $38,333 (+/- $2,212) for females. The per capita income for the borough was $27,284 (+/- $1,840). About 7.3% of families and 7.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.5% of those under age 18 and 12.8% of those age 65 or over.
Census 2000
As of the 2000 United States Census there were 1,514 people, 694 households, and 394 families residing in the township. The population density was 8,578.4 people per square mile (3,247.5/km2). There were 697 housing units at an average density of 3,949.2 per square mile (1,495.1/km2). The racial makeup of the township was 96.96% White, 0.33% African American, 0.20% Native American, 0.13% Asian, 0.07% Pacific Islander, 0.66% from other races, and 1.65% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.44% of the population.
There were 694 households, out of which 25.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.9% were married couples living together, 13.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 43.1% were non-families. 38.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.18 and the average family size was 2.92.
In the township the population was spread out, with 20.9% under the age of 18, 5.9% from 18 to 24, 32.6% from 25 to 44, 24.7% from 45 to 64, and 15.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 84.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 79.1 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $37,000, and the median income for a family was $47,167. Males had a median income of $41,133 versus $30,139 for females. The per capita income for the township was $21,565. About 2.8% of families and 7.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.7% of those under age 18 and 7.3% of those age 65 or over.
Government
Local government
Winfield Township is governed under the Township form of New Jersey municipal government, one of 141 municipalities (of the 565) statewide that use this form, the second-most commonly used form of government in the state. The governing body is comprised of the Township Committee, whose three members are elected directly by the voters at-large in partisan elections to serve three-year terms of office on a staggered basis, with one seat coming up for election each year as part of the November general election in a three-year cycle. At an annual reorganization meeting, the Township Committee selects one of its members to serve as Mayor. The Mayor, in addition to voting as a member of the Township Committee, presides over the meetings of the committee and carries out ceremonial duties.
, members of the Winfield Township Committee are Margaret M. McManus (D, term on committee and as mayor ends December 31, 2020), Gary J. Genz (D, 2021) and Robert F. Reilly (R, 2022).
In March 2016, Sue E. Wright was appointed to fill the term expiring in December 2017 that had been held by Oneida M. Braithwaite.
In 2018, the township had an average property tax bill of $3,574, the lowest in the county, compared to an average bill of $11,278 in Union County and $8,767 statewide.
Federal, state and county representation
Winfield Township is located in the 7th Congressional District and is part of New Jersey's 22nd state legislative district.
Politics
As of March 23, 2011, there were a total of 1,030 registered voters in Winfield Township, of which 383 (37.2% vs. 41.8% countywide) were registered as Democrats, 180 (17.5% vs. 15.3%) were registered as Republicans and 467 (45.3% vs. 42.9%) were registered as Unaffiliated. There were no voters registered to other parties. Among the township's 2010 Census population, 70.0% (vs. 53.3% in Union County) were registered to vote, including 84.7% of those ages 18 and over (vs. 70.6% countywide).
In the 2012 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 426 votes (59.0% vs. 66.0% countywide), ahead of Republican Mitt Romney with 271 votes (37.5% vs. 32.3%) and other candidates with 13 votes (1.8% vs. 0.8%), among the 722 ballots cast by the township's 1,053 registered voters, for a turnout of 68.6% (vs. 68.8% in Union County). In the 2008 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 406 votes (51.0% vs. 63.1% countywide), ahead of Republican John McCain with 371 votes (46.6% vs. 35.2%) and other candidates with 13 votes (1.6% vs. 0.9%), among the 796 ballots cast by the township's 1,063 registered voters, for a turnout of 74.9% (vs. 74.7% in Union County). In the 2004 presidential election, Democrat John Kerry received 420 votes (51.3% vs. 58.3% countywide), ahead of Republican George W. Bush with 389 votes (47.6% vs. 40.3%) and other candidates with 6 votes (0.7% vs. 0.7%), among the 818 ballots cast by the township's 1,051 registered voters, for a turnout of 77.8% (vs. 72.3% in the whole county).
In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 61.0% of the vote (282 cast), ahead of Democrat Barbara Buono with 37.0% (171 votes), and other candidates with 1.9% (9 votes), among the 477 ballots cast by the township's 1,048 registered voters (15 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 45.5%. In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 264 votes (51.9% vs. 41.7% countywide), ahead of Democrat Jon Corzine with 189 votes (37.1% vs. 50.6%), Independent Chris Daggett with 38 votes (7.5% vs. 5.9%) and other candidates with 8 votes (1.6% vs. 0.8%), among the 509 ballots cast by the township's 1,049 registered voters, yielding a 48.5% turnout (vs. 46.5% in the county).
Sports
Even though Winfield is a small community, they do have a sports program for their elementary school students. They play soccer, basketball, and baseball. They also have a year-round recreational sports program.
Education
The Winfield Township School District serves public school students in pre-kindergarten to eighth grade at Winfield School. As of the 2018–19 school year, the district, comprised of one school, had an enrollment of 139 students and 18.0 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 7.7:1. In the 2016–17 school year, Winfield had the 19th-smallest enrollment of any school district in the state, with 140 students. The school offers a class for students with special needs.
Public school students in ninth through twelfth grades attend David Brearley High School in Kenilworth, as part of a sending/receiving relationship with the Kenilworth Public Schools. As of the 2018–19 school year, the high school had an enrollment of 757 students and 63.5 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 11.9:1. Before the current sending relationship had been established with Brearley, students had attended Rahway High School until a decision by the New Jersey Department of Education in March 2000 allowed for termination of the relationship.
Students in public school for grades 9–12 may also attend the schools of the Union County Vocational Technical Schools in Scotch Plains.
Transportation
Roads and highways
, the township had a total of of roadways, of which were maintained by the municipality and by Union County.
Styles Street (County Route 615) forms the northeastern edge of Winfield Township. In addition, a small piece of Raritan Road (County Route 607) forms the northern border of the township.
The Garden State Parkway, west of the Rahway River, just misses the municipality by about 100 yards and is accessible at Exit 136 on the Cranford / Clark border.
Public transportation
NJ Transit provides bus service between the township and the Port Authority Bus Terminal in Midtown Manhattan on the 112 route, with local service offered on the 56 and 57 routes.
Passenger rail service is provided by NJ Transit from the neighboring communities of Cranford on the Raritan Valley Line and from the Linden station on the Northeast Corridor.
Newark Liberty International Airport is approximately 12 minutes away in Newark / Elizabeth. Linden Airport, a general aviation facility, is in Linden.
Crime
Winfield has experienced a number of violent crimes in recent years. In 2001, there were two stabbings and three robberies. Then in 2003, there were three robberies. Domestic violence incidents tend to dominate local crime with one of the worst incidents occurring in April 1946 when Walter Fizer, an ex-policeman, shot and killed his wife, her sister and her mother, and then killed himself within sight of his three children near his home at 74 C Wavecrest Avenue.
Notable people
People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Winfield Township include:
Tom Dugan (born 1961), actor who starred in the music video Legs by ZZ Top.
Dan Graham (born 1942), conceptual artist, art critic.
Jeffrey Moran (born 1946), Ocean County Surrogate and former member of the New Jersey General Assembly from 1986 to 2003, where he represented the 9th Legislative District.
Footnotes
References
"700 Tenants Seek to Buy War Town: Cooperative Starts Action to Exercise Option on Winfield Park, NJ, Owned by US." The New York Times. February 3, 1947. p. 21.
Bauer, Catherine. "Social Questions in Housing and Community Planning" in The Journal of Social Issues, Volume VII Numbers 1&2, 1951. p. 1–34
"Co-Op Stores Sold: Residents of Winfield, NJ Quit $250,000 a Year Business." The New York Times. March 22, 1948. p. 35.
"Defense Homes Get 135 Tenants: Workers' Families Move Into New Federal Development in Winfield, NJ." The New York Times. December 2, 1941. p. 26.
"Defense Housing Project to be Built in Clark: Clark Site Fixed Opponents Told." Elizabeth Daily Journal. April 2, 1941.
"Defense Housing Sold: Deal With US for Development in NJ Authorized." The New York Times. November 18, 1949. p. 47.
"Edison Veto Hits 'Winfield' Setup: Governor, While Sympathizing with Clark, Linden, Fears Impression of Discrimination Against Defense Workers." Elizabeth Daily Journal. July 22, 1941.
"Fraud Charges Denied; MacEvoy Groups in Jersey Disavow Housing Project Deals". The New York Times. April 7, 1943.
"Ideals of Community Living Are to Be Stressed by Winfield Manager." Elizabeth Daily Journal. November 29, 1941.
Federal Emergency Administration of Public Works. "Urban Housing: The Story of the P.W.A. Housing Division 1933–1936, Bulletin No. 2." Washington, D.C.: GPO, August, 1936.
Federal Works Agency (United States Housing Authority). "Four Years of Public Housing." Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1941.
Federal Works Agency. "1st Annual Report." Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1940.
Federal Works Agency. "2nd Annual Report." Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1941.
Federal Works Agency. "3rd Annual Report." Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1942.
Form, William H.. "Stratification in Low and Middle Income Housing Areas" in Journal of Social Issues, Volume VII, Number 1&2, 1951. p. 109–131.
Friedland, Sandra. "Winfield Journal: Painful Debate Over Closing Town's Only School." The New York Times. February 7, 1993.
Ground Breaking Ceremonies. Clark Township Defense Housing Project. Federal Works Agency. Saturday, June 14, 1941.
"Grants Winfield Delay: PHA Gives Month's Extension on Purchase of Housing." The New York Times. September 13, 1949. p. 51.
House of Representatives Hearings on House Resolution 3213, (A Bill to Expedite Further the Provision of Housing in Connection With National Defense, and to Provide Public Works in Relation to such Housing and other National Defense Activities, and For Other Purposes) and House Resolution 3570, (A Bill Authorizing An Appropriation for Providing Additional Community Facilities Made Necessary By National Defense Activities and For Other Purposes). "Hearings Before the Committee On Public Buildings and Grounds, March 4,5,6,7,12 and 13, 1941." Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1941.
House of Representatives Hearings on House Resolution 3486, (A Bill to Authorize An Appropriation of An Additional $150,000,000 for Defense Housing). "Hearings Before the Committee On Public Buildings and Grounds, February 21, 1941." Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1941.
House of Representatives Hearings on House Resolution 5211, (A Bill to Authorize An Appropriation of An Additional $300,000,000 For Defense Housing). "Hearings Before the Committee On Public Buildings and Grounds, July 9,10,11,15,16,17,18,22,23,1941." Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1941.
House of Representatives Hearings on House Resolution 7312, (A Bill to Increase by $600,000,000 The Amount Authorized To Be Appropriated For Defense Housing Under the Act of October 14, 1940, As Amended). "Hearings Before the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds, June 9,10,11,12,16,17,18,19,23,24,25 and 26, 1942." Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1942.
House of Representatives Hearings on House Resolutions 6482 and 6483, (Bills to Amend the Act Entitled 'An Act To Expedite the Provision of Housing In Connection with National Defense and For Other Purposes'). "Hearings Before the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds, January 29 and 30, February 3, 1942, March 11,12,17,18,19 and 24, 1942." Washington, D.C." GPO, 1942.
House of Representatives Hearings on Message from the President of the United States, (A Draft of a Proposed Bill to Increase by $400,000,000 the Amount Authorized to be Appropriated for Defense Housing). "Hearings Before the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds, May 18,19,20,21,26 and 27, June 1,2,4,8, and 10, 1943." Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1943.
Jahoda, Maria, Patricia Salter West. "Race Relations in Public Housing," in Journal of Social Issues, Volume VII, Number 1&2, 1951. p. 132–139.
"Jersey Bill Stirs Housing Officials: Measure to Make Clark Township Project a Separate Area is Held Serious Precedent." The New York Times. July 16, 1941. p. 12.
Kaledin, Eugenia. Daily Life in the US 1940–1959: Shifting Worlds. Greenwood Press, Westport, CT. 2000.
"Large Housing Job in Jersey Scored: Senate Committee Asks Justice Department to Investigate 'Bad' Winfield Project'." The New York Times. November 20, 1942. p. 17.
"Launch Housing Work in Clark." Elizabeth Daily Journal. June 16, 1941.
Lazarsfeld and Robert K. Merton. "Friendship as Social Process: A Substantive and Methodological Analysis" in Morroe Berger, Theodore Abel and Charles H. Page. Freedom and Control in Modern Society. Octagon Books, New York, 1978
"Many Difficult Engineering Problems Are Solved in Building Winfield." Elizabeth Daily Journal. November 29, 1941.
Merton, Robert K. "The Self-Fulfilling Prophecy." The Antioch Review, Summer 1948. p. 193–210.
Merton, Robert K. "Discrimination and the American Creed." In R.M. MacIver ed. Discrimination and National Welfare. New York: Harper and Brothers, 1949.
Merton, Robert K. "Selected Problems of Field Work in the Planned Community." American Sociological Review, Volume 12, Issue 3, June 1947. p. 304–312
Merton, Robert K. "Social Psychology of Housing." In Wayne Dennis, ed. Current Trends in Social Psychology. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1948.
Merton, Robert K. and Patricia L. Kendall, "The Focused Interview." American Journal of Sociology, Number 51, 1946. p. 547–557.
Merton, Robert K. and Paul Lazarsfeld. "Friendship aa a Social Process: A Substantive and Methodological Analysis." In Monroe Berger, Theodore Abel, and Charles Page, eds. Freedom and Control in Modern Society. New York, N.Y.: Van Nostrand, 1954.
Merton, Robert K. and Patricia Salter West. "The First Year's Work, 1945–1946: An Interim Report on the Columbia Lavanburg Researches on Human Relations in the Planned Community", June 1946.
"Moving Day in Winfield." Elizabeth Daily Journal. December 2, 1941.
National Housing Agency (Federal Public Housing Authority). "Public Housing: The Work of the Federal Public Housing Authority." Washington, D.C.: GPO, March, 1946.
National Housing Agency. "Housing for War and the Job Ahead: A Common Goal for Communities...for Industry, Labor and Government." Washington, D.C.: GPO, April, 1944.
National Housing Agency. "Housing Practices – War and Prewar: Review of Design and Construction, National Housing Bulletin 5." Washington, D.C.: GPO, May, 1946.
National Housing Agency. "Public Housing: The Work of the Federal Public Housing Authority." Washington, D.C.: GPO, March, 1946.
National Housing Agency. "Second Annual Report." Washington, D.C.: GPO, Oct., 1944.
National Housing Agency. "The Mutual Home Ownership Program." Washington, D.C.: Federal Public Housing Authority, January, 1946.
National Housing Agency. "War Housing In the United States." Washington, D.C.: GPO, April, 1945.
National Housing Agency/ "Mutual Housing A Veteran's Guide: Organizing, financing, constructing, and operating several selected types of cooperative housing associations, with special reference to Available Federal Aids." Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1946.
"New Defense Community: Winfield, NJ, Starts Its Existence as a Municipality." New York Times. August 4, 1941. p. 15.
New Jersey General Assembly. "Minutes of Votes and Proceedings of the One Hundred and Sixty-Fifth General Assembly of the State of New Jersey." Trenton, N.J.: MacCrellish and Quigley Co., 1941.
New Jersey Senate. "Journal of the Ninety-Seventh Senate of the State of New Jersey Being the One Hundred and Sixty Fifth Session of the Legislature." Trenton, N.J.: MacCrellish and Quigley Co., 1941.
"Old Barracks as Co-Ops." The New York Times. October 3, 1976.
"Pay Rise, Ends Winfield Strike." The New York Times. June 13, 1954. p. 17.
"Pioneer Residents of Winfield Will be Given Welcome Monday: US Township to Be Opened." Elizabeth Daily Journal. November 29, 1941.
"Price Set on Housing: Government Fixes $1,400,000 for New Jersey Development." The New York Times. November 9, 1949. p. 48.
Public Housing Administration. "First Annual Report Public Housing Administration." Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1948.
"Record Number of Carpenters Has Part in Erecting of Winfield Homes." Elizabeth Daily Journal. November 29, 1941.
Rutgers University Bureau of Economic Research. "An Economic Profile of Winfield Park, New Jersey: Including Alternatives For the Use of Community Resources". New Brunswick, N.J.: Bureau of Economic Research, 1965.
"School Given to Town: Federal Agency Transfers Control to Winfield, NJ Board." The New York Times. November 23, 1950. p. 38.
Selvin, Hanan C. "The Interplay of Social Research and Social Policy in Housing" in Journal of Social Issues, Volume VII, Number 1&2, 1951. p. 172–185.
Senate Hearings on Proposed General Housing Act of 1945. " Hearings Before the Committee on Banking and Currency, Part 2, December 6,7,11,12,13,14,17,18, 1945, January 24 and 25, 1946, Revised." Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1946.
Senate Hearings on Senate Resolution 71, (A Resolution Authorizing and Directing An Investigation of the National Defense Program). "Investigation of the National Defense Program, Part 8, October 3,7,8,9,14,15,21,22,23,24,27,28,29, and 31, 1941." Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1942.
Senate Hearings on Senate Resolution 71, (A Resolution Authorizing and Directing An Investigation of the National Defense Program). "Investigation of the National Defense Program, Part 15, November 18,19, 23, 24 and 25, 1942." Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1943.
Szylvian Bailey, Kristin. The Federal Government and the Cooperative Housing Movement, 1917–1955. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation Carnegie-Mellon University, 1988.
Szylvian, Kristin M. "Our Mutual Friend: A Progressive Housing Legacy from the 1940s." Designer Builder: A Journal of the Human Environment. Vol. 111 No. 9. January 1997.
Szylvian, Kristin M., "The Federal Housing Program During World War II" in From Tenements to The Taylor Homes: In Search of An Urban Housing Policy in Twentieth Century America edited by John F. Bauman, Roger Biles and Kristin Szylvian. Pennsylvania State Press, 2000.
"Talents Listed for Like Tastes: Winfield Tenants to be Grouped for Social Life." Elizabeth Daily Journal. November 29, 1941.
"Tenants in Winfield Set to Buy Project." The New York Times. September 5, 1948. p. R2.
Time Magazine, "Not for Rent, Not for Sale", June 2, 1941
"To Buy Jersey Housing: Winfield Group Ready to Acquire Government-Owned Project." The New York Times. May 13, 1947. p. 43.
"Town is Quarantined: Third Paralysis Death Affects Jersey War Housing Area." The New York Times. September 9, 1942. p. 16.
"Truman Committee Exposes Housing Mess." Life Magazine. November 29, 1942.
United States Housing Authority. "Annual Report of the United States Housing Authority." Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1940.
"US Cuts Housing Price: Asking $50,000 Less for Project in Winfield, NJ." The New York Times. October 14, 1949. p. 47.
"US Handed Boom Town: Winfield, Created Over Edison's Veto, Has Lone Status. Puzzle for Government Aides." Elizabeth Daily Journal. July 29, 1941. p. 11.
"US Indicts 3 Firms For Housing Frauds: 5 Individuals Also Accused in Winfield, NJ Project." The New York Times. March 31, 1943. p. 15.
"US Owned Jersey Town Appeals for Coal; 100,000 Homes Here Still Lacking Fuel." The New York Times. October 21, 1943. p. 29.
"US to Resume Rule of Winfield Housing: Reason for Shift From Mutual Control Not Explained." The New York Times. April 7, 1944. p. 36.
Winfield Cultural and Heritage Commission. History of Winfield. Winfield Township, N.J.: Winfield Cultural and Heritage Commission, 1976.
"Winfield Roads Get Sea Names: Shipyard Workers Honored in Choosing Titles." Elizabeth Daily Journal. November 29, 1941.
"Winfield Sale Awaited: Meeting Tonight to Hear Terms of Purchase from Government." The New York Times. August 11, 1949. p. 35.
"Winfield Seeks Town Officers: Pascoe Asked to Sponsor Bill in Legislature: Would Give Governor Appointive Power." Elizabeth Daily Journal. December 9, 1942.
"Winfield Setup Veto Annulled by Legislature: Edison, US Government Lose Fight to Prevent 'Federal Island'." Elizabeth Daily Journal. July 29, 1941.
"Winfield Unique Group in Series: No Other Defense Housing Unit Separate Town." Elizabeth Daily Journal. November 29, 1941.
"Would Cut US Price on Winfield Housing." The New York Times. August 21, 1949. p. R1.
"WPA Work in Creating New Township Largest Job Ever Done in State." Elizabeth Daily Journal. November 29, 1941.
External links
Winfield Township
Winfield Township School District
School Data for the Winfield Township School District, National Center for Education Statistics
NJ.com forum for Winfield Township
John T. Rowland, Architect of Winfield Park
Robert K. Merton Papers, Series VI: Studies and Projects, 1935–1997 (Housing Study/Craftown and Winfield – Memos and Drafts 1945–1946 – Winfield, General 1945, Card Design, Code Book 1945–1946, Questionnaires 1945–1946)
"The Mutual Housing Experiment: New Deal Communities for the Urban Middle Class (Urban Life, Landscape, and Policy)" by Kristin M. Szylvian, Temple University Press, 2015. .
1941 establishments in New Jersey
Populated places established in 1941
Township form of New Jersey government
Townships in Union County, New Jersey | [
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|
125799 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allamuchy%20Township%2C%20New%20Jersey | Allamuchy Township, New Jersey | Allamuchy Township is a township in Warren County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the township's population was 4,323, reflecting an increase of 446 (+11.5%) from the 3,877 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 393 (+11.3%) from the 3,484 counted in the 1990 Census.
The township, and all of Warren County, is part of the Lehigh Valley metropolitan statistical area.
Allamuchy Township was incorporated as a township by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on April 4, 1873, from portions of Independence Township. The township's name comes from the Native American word "Allamachetey", meaning "place within the hills".
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township had a total area of 20.27 square miles (52.51 km2), including 19.99 square miles (51.78 km2) of land and 0.28 square miles (0.73 km2) of water (1.39%). The townships southeastern border is formed by the Musconetcong River.
Allamuchy CDP (with a 2010 Census population of 78) and Panther Valley (2010 population of 3,327) are census-designated places and unincorporated communities located within the township. As of the 2000 United States Census, the two CDPs were consolidated as Allamuchy-Panther Valley, which had a 2000 Census population of 3,125.
Other unincorporated communities, localities and place names located partially or completely within the township include Alphano, Long Bridge, Quaker Church, Saxton Falls and Warrenville.
Allamuchy Township borders the municipalities of Frelinghuysen Township, Hackettstown and Independence Township in Warren County; Mount Olive Township in Morris County; and both Byram Township and Green Township in Sussex County.
History
Prior to European settlement, what is now Allamuchy Township was inhabited for centuries by the Lenape Native Americans, until they were forced west by 1742. The Bird House Archaeological Site is located within the Township.
Quaker Settlement
Acting as a surveyor, John Reading laid out a tract of land for William Penn in 1715 that became the Quaker Settlement, the first non-Native Americans to live in Allamuchy. By 1752, the Society of Friends, or Quakers, established a community in the northeast corner of what is now Allamuchy Township. The settlement was chartered in Kingwood, NJ, and the first Quakers to arrive in Allamuchy brought with them the materials to build their homes. The land controlled by the Quaker Settlement spanned an area not just in Allamuchy, but what is now considered Green Township, NJ as well. This settlement was known as the "Hardwick Friends," because what is now Allamuchy Township was then a part of Hardwick Township.
In 1735, Quakers selected a plot of land for use as a burying ground with accompanying stone wall and first constructed a wood meeting house in 1752, replacing it in 1764 with a stone building. The Hardwick Meeting sided with a branch of the Society of Friends known as the Hicksites in 1827, an event that compelled many of the Settlement's residents to leave for other Quaker communities. On February 2, 1854 the last Quaker meeting took place in the Settlement; it was formally dissolved in 1855. The Friends' Burying Ground was used until 1918, when its stone wall was repaired and a small monument installed; it was later restored in 1940.
The location of the Quaker meeting house was later used as a public school. There, in Fall 1921, the Quaker Grove School served as an experimental research station for rural education by researchers Fannie W. Dunn and Maria A. Everett from Teachers College, Columbia University. The result of their fieldwork was the book, Four Years in a County School, which detailed their findings with regards to the single-teacher model, curriculum, and observations about rural education in general. In 1940, the Township consolidated its four public schools into a single location, the present-day Allamuchy Township School, and the Quaker Grove school reverted to private ownership.
Grand Estates
In the late 1700s, John Rutherfurd began construction of his vast home in Allamuchy. Lewis Morris Rutherfurd later occupied the estate, where he took the first telescopic photographs of the Moon from his home at Tranquility Farms in 1865. His son, Rutherfurd Stuyvesant, raised Holstein cattle, Dorset sheep, English pheasants and hunting dogs on the estate, which included a deer preserve. Under Rutherfurd Stuyvesant, the 47-room house was known as the Stuyvesant Mansion, and was decorated with imported and Duncan Phyfe furniture, Ming Dynasty pottery, and 15th and 16th century suits of armor. The Stuyvesant Mansion was last occupied in 1947 and its contents sold in 1951 and 1955. The Mansion was destroyed by fire in September 1959.
Winthrop Rutherfurd commissioned Whitney Warren, architect of Grand Central Terminal, in 1902 to design Rutherfurd Hall. Completed in 1906, the Hall served as a hunting lodge family residence where prominent guests could be entertained, most famously U.S. president Franklin D. Roosevelt who was a close friend of Winthrop's second wife Lucy.
The eponymous family later gave Rutherfurd Hall to the Catholic Church in 1959 after the completion of Interstate 80 brought more traffic and noise to the area. The Church changed the Hall's name to Villa Madonna and used it as a convent for an order of nuns for five decades before selling it the town to be used as a museum and community education facility. Now listed on the National Historic Register, Rutherfurd Hall first opened to the public in 2012.
The Panther Ledge Farms estate was owned by Clendenin J. Ryan, former secretary to New York Mayor Fiorello LaGuardia and politician who later ran an unsuccessful campaign for New Jersey Governor in the 1953 election. Ryan's estate acquired this name due to a rock bluff on the property, where local legend holds as the location the last mountain lion was hunted in the state. Panther Ledge Farms featured a private zoo, pheasant hatchery, helicopter, greenhouse, bloodhound kennel, and a collection of paintings Ryan bought from William Randolph Hearst.
In 1972 a left-wing group called the Allamuchy Tribe, led by activists Rennie Davis and Jerry Rubin and funded by ex-Beatle John Lennon, met at the Peter Stuyvesant Farm in Allamuchy to organize protests against the 1972 Republican National Convention. FBI surveillance of the Allamuchy Tribe led to the bureau putting pressure on Lennon to divest from political activity by threatening to deport him.
Demographics
The Census Bureau's 2006-2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $82,781 (with a margin of error of +/- $5,051) and the median family income was $104,601 (+/- $18,824). Males had a median income of $76,467 (+/- $14,328) versus $55,625 (+/- $6,142) for females. The per capita income for the borough was $49,834 (+/- $4,833). About 0.9% of families and 2.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.8% of those under age 18 and 4.6% of those age 65 or over.
Culture and tourism
Rutherfurd Hall is a cultural center and museum that provides educational and enrichment opportunities for the residents of Allamuchy, the surrounding communities, and the greater New York – New Jersey Highlands region at large. It conducts and hosts public programs including: 4th of July Fireworks, Hall of Haunts, Scouting, Teas & Talks, etiquette courses, lectures, concerts, specialty summer camps and weddings. A family seat for the decedents of Walter Rutherfurd and Senator John Rutherfurd, Rutherfurd Hall was designed by Whitney Warren and the Olmsted Brothers and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2013.
The north end of Shades of Death Road, a dark tourism "haunted highway" known by readers of Weird NJ magazine for the legends and folklore inspired by its macabre name, runs through Allamuchy.
Government
Local government
Allamuchy Township is governed under the Small Municipality form of government. The Faulkner Act, formally known as the Optional Municipal Charter Law, allows municipalities to adopt a Small Municipality form of government only for municipalities with a population of under 12,000 at the time of adoption. The township is one of 18 municipalities (of the 565) statewide that use this form of government. The governing body is comprised of the Mayor and the four-member Township Council, with all positions elected at-large on a partisan basis as part of the November general election. The Mayor is elected directly by the voters to a three-year term of office. Council members serve a term of three years, which are staggered so that two seats come up for election in the first two years of a three-year cycle and the mayoral seat is up for direct vote in the third year.
, the Mayor of Allamuchy Township is Republican Rosemary Tuohy, whose term of office ends December 31, 2024. Members of the Allamuchy Township Committee are Council President James H. Cote (R, 2023), Deborah Bonanno (R, 2022; appointed to serve an unexpired term), Ed Fabula (R, 2022) and Manuel P. "Manny" Quinoa (R, 2022).
In January 2022, Deborah Bonano was appointed from a list of three names nominated by the Republican municipal committee to fill the seat expiring in December 2023 that became vacant when Rosemary Tuohy stepped down to take office as mayor.
The seat expiring in December 2022 that had been held by Douglas A. Ochwat was filled by Ed Fabula.
In January 2016, the Township Committee selected former mayor Betty Schultheis from three candidates nominated by the Republican municipal committee to fill the seat expiring in December 2017 that had been held by Keith DeTombeur until he stepped down to take office as mayor; Schultheis will serve on an interim basis until the November 2016 election, when voters will select a candidate to serve the balance of the term of office.
Federal and state representation
Allamuchy Township is located in New Jersey's fifth congressional district and is part of New Jersey's 24th state legislative district. Prior to the 2011 reapportionment following the 2010 Census, Allamuchy Township had been in the 23rd state legislative district.
Politics
As of March 23, 2011, there was a total of 3,197 registered voters in Allamuchy Township, of whom 529 (16.5% vs. 21.5% countywide) were registered as Democrats, 1,253 (39.2% vs. 35.3%) were registered as Republicans, and 1,413 (44.2% vs. 43.1%) were registered as Unaffiliated. There were two voters registered to other parties. Among the township's 2010 Census population, 74.0% (vs. 62.3% in Warren County) were registered to vote, including 90.7% of those ages 18 and over (vs. 81.5% countywide).
In the 2012 presidential election, Republican Mitt Romney received 62.2% of the vote (1,489 cast), ahead of Democrat Barack Obama with 36.3% (868 votes), and other candidates with 1.5% (35 votes), among the 2,431 ballots cast by the township's 3,328 registered voters (39 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 73.0%.
In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 74.3% of the vote (1,045 cast), ahead of Democrat Barbara Buono with 24.3% (342 votes), and other candidates with 1.4% (20 votes), among the 1,433 ballots cast by the township's 3,426 registered voters (26 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 41.8%.
Education
Public school students in pre-kindergarten through eighth grade are served by the Allamuchy Township School District. As of the 2017–18 school year, the district, comprised of two schools, had an enrollment of 423 students and 33.0 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 12.8:1. Schools in the district (with 2017-18 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics) are
Mountain Villa School with 149 students in pre-kindergarten through 1st grade and
Allamuchy Township School with 274 students in second through eighth grade.
Students in public school for ninth through twelfth grades attend Hackettstown High School which serves students from Hackettstown, as well as students from the townships of Allamuchy, Independence and Liberty, as part of sending/receiving relationships with the Hackettstown School District. As of the 2017–18 school year, the high school had an enrollment of 867 students and 70.0 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 12.4:1.
Students from the township and from all of Warren County are eligible to attend Ridge and Valley Charter School in Blairstown (for grades K-8) or Warren County Technical School in Washington borough (for 9-12), with special education services provided by local districts supplemented throughout the county by the Warren County Special Services School District in Oxford Township (for PreK-12).
Transportation
Roads and highways
, the township had a total of of roadways, of which were maintained by the municipality, by Warren County and by the New Jersey Department of Transportation.
Interstate 80 crosses Allamuchy Township, and is accessible at Exit 19, County Route 517. Many choose the Allamuchy area because of its proximity to New York City.
Public transportation
Allamuchy Township was formerly served by the Allamuchy Train Station and Allamuchy Freight House until passenger service on the Lehigh and Hudson River Railway was ended in 1933. The Allamuchy Freight House is listed on the National Historic Register of Historic Places.
Morris Canal
Between 1831 and 1924, the Morris Canal connected the coal industry of the Lehigh Valley at Phillipsburg to New York Harbor via Newark and Jersey City. The Saxton Falls Dam Complex in Allamuchy along the Musconetcong River was selected for eligibility to the New Jersey Register of Historic Places in 1993.
Notable people
People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Allamuchy Township include:
Alison Becker (born 1977), actress.
Stephen Bienko (born 1979), entrepreneur behind the College Hunks Hauling Junk brand.
Lucy Mercer Rutherfurd (born 1891), lived in what is now Rutherfurd Hall where President Franklin D. Roosevelt paid at least one call on her "as a friend" before the existence of their lifelong romantic affair was publicly revealed.
Winthrop Rutherfurd (born 1862), socialite and husband of Lucy Mercer Rutherfurd.
References
External links
Allamuchy Township Official Web Site
History of Allamuchy, New Jersey
1873 establishments in New Jersey
Faulkner Act (small municipality)
Populated places established in 1873
Townships in Warren County, New Jersey | [
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125800 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allamuchy-Panther%20Valley%2C%20New%20Jersey | Allamuchy-Panther Valley, New Jersey | Allamuchy-Panther Valley is an unincorporated community and former census-designated place located within Allamuchy Township, in Warren County, New Jersey, United States, located in the eastern region of the Lehigh Valley. As of the 2000 United States Census, the CDP's population was 3,125.
The combined CDP existed through the 2000 Census. Effective with the 2010 United States Census, the CDP was split into its components, Allamuchy CDP (with a 2010 Census population of 78) and Panther Valley (2010 population of 3,327).
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP had a total area of 15.0 km2 (5.8 mi2). 14.8 km2 (5.7 mi2) of land and 0.2 km2 (0.1 mi2) of water (1.55%).
Demographics
As of the 2000 United States Census, there were 3,125 people, 1,430 households, and 922 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 210.9/km2 (546.7/mi2). There were 1,497 housing units at an average density of 101.0/km2 (261.9/mi2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 95.90% White, 0.96% African American, 0.03% Native American, 2.08% Asian, 0.51% from other races, and 0.51% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.37% of the population.
There were 1,430 households, out of which 20.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.1% were married couples living together, 7.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.5% were non-families. 30.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.17 and the average family size was 2.70.
In the CDP the population was spread out, with 17.2% under the age of 18, 3.8% from 18 to 24, 28.1% from 25 to 44, 33.3% from 45 to 64, and 17.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 45 years. For every 100 females, there were 85.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.7 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $67,301, and the median income for a family was $89,303. Males had a median income of $54,732 versus $41,782 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $45,829. About 0.3% of families and 1.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 0.8% of those under age 18 and 2.3% of those age 65 or over.
References
Allamuchy Township, New Jersey
Census-designated places in Warren County, New Jersey | [
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125801 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha%2C%20New%20Jersey | Alpha, New Jersey | Alpha is a borough in Warren County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the borough's population was 2,369, reflecting a decline of 113 (-4.6%) from the 2,482 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn declined by 48 (-1.9%) from the 2,530 counted in the 1990 Census.
Alpha was incorporated as a borough from portions of Pohatcong Township by an act of the New Jersey Legislature passed on June 26, 1911, and signed by Governor Woodrow Wilson, based on the results of a referendum held on May 31, 1911. The borough was named for the Alpha Cement Works.
The borough is one of the easternmost locations within the Lehigh Valley region of Pennsylvania and New Jersey.
History
Formally known as Vulcanite, Alpha was incorporated on June 26, 1911, but its history can be traced back to a much earlier date. At the time of the Great Blizzard of 1888, there were only seven houses in what is now the corporate limits of Alpha. The exact date on which the first house in Alpha is uncertain. One of the first homes in the community was a two-room log cabin constructed by the Pursel family beside an old Indian Trail on the former property of the Vulcanite Portland Cement Company, now New Brunswick Avenue.
Less than two years after incorporating, the community obtained a continuation of the street car line from Phillipsburg and electric street lights were installed.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the borough had a total area of 1.72 square miles (4.44 km2), including 1.68 square miles (4.35 km2) of land and 0.04 square miles (0.09 km2) of water (2.03%).
Unincorporated communities, localities and place names located partially or completely within the borough include Vulcanite.
The borough is completely surrounded by Pohatcong Township, making it part of 21 pairs of "doughnut towns" in the state, where one municipality entirely surrounds another.
Demographics
Census 2010
The Census Bureau's 2006-2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $63,953 (with a margin of error of +/- $7,724) and the median family income was $73,929 (+/- $6,822). Males had a median income of $49,461 (+/- $3,100) versus $40,859 (+/- $5,262) for females. The per capita income for the borough was $28,567 (+/- $2,455). About 4.0% of families and 5.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.8% of those under age 18 and 4.9% of those age 65 or over.
Census 2000
As of the 2000 United States Census there were 2,482 people, 989 households, and 688 families residing in the borough. The population density was 1,462.0 people per square mile (563.7/km2). There were 1,034 housing units at an average density of 609.1 per square mile (234.8/km2). The racial makeup of the borough was 97.06% White, 0.28% African American, 0.04% Native American, 1.21% Asian, 0.64% from other races, and 0.77% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.89% of the population.
There were 989 households, out of which 31.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.6% were married couples living together, 11.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.4% were non-families. 26.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.50 and the average family size was 3.05.
In the borough the population was spread out, with 24.4% under the age of 18, 6.0% from 18 to 24, 31.3% from 25 to 44, 20.7% from 45 to 64, and 17.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.1 males.
The median income for a household in the borough was $42,209, and the median income for a family was $45,435. Males had a median income of $39,957 versus $26,576 for females. The per capita income for the borough was $20,104. About 5.5% of families and 7.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.1% of those under age 18 and 9.7% of those age 65 or over.
Government
Local government
Alpha is governed under the Borough form of New Jersey municipal government, which is used in 218 municipalities (of the 565) statewide, making it the most common form of government in New Jersey. The governing body is comprised of the Mayor and the Borough Council, with all positions elected at-large on a partisan basis as part of the November general election. The Mayor is elected directly by the voters to a four-year term of office. The Borough Council is comprised of six members elected to serve three-year terms on a staggered basis, with two seats coming up for election each year in a three-year cycle. The Borough form of government used by Alpha is a "weak mayor / strong council" government in which council members act as the legislative body with the mayor presiding at meetings and voting only in the event of a tie. The mayor can veto ordinances subject to an override by a two-thirds majority vote of the council. The mayor makes committee and liaison assignments for council members, and most appointments are made by the mayor with the advice and consent of the council.
, the Mayor of Alpha Borough is Republican Craig S. Dunwell, whose term of office ends December 31, 2023. Members of the Alpha Borough Council are Council President Robert J. Melick Jr. (R, 2023), Angela Bickar (I, 2022; elected to serve an unexpired term), Louis J. Cartabona (R, 2023), Todd W. Pantuso (R, 2022), Peter Petinelli (R, 2024) and Jodie Smith (R, 2024).
Angela Bickar was elected to fill the seat expiring in December 2022 that had been held by Edward Hanics Jr.
Republican councilmember Jack Preiss and Democrat Kathleen Ronan, both serving terms ending in December 2018, resigned from office in September 2016. Preiss cited time conflicts with his work duties, while Ronan expressed her frustrations with working with the rest of the council. Louis Cartabona was chosen to fill the seat held by Preiss. In October, the council selected Jennifer Gable from a list of three nominees submitted by the Democratic municipal committee to fill Ronan's vacant seat. In the 2017 general election, Louis J. Cartabona and Alan Singleton were elected to serve the balance of the two unexpired terms of office.
Harry Zikas became the state's youngest mayor ever when he took office in 2000 at the age of 21. Zikas announced his resignation from office in September 2014, citing his acceptance of a job in Northern New Jersey. With Mayor Ed Hanics casting the tiebreaking vote, Tracy Grossman was selected in October 2014 to fill the remainder of Zikas's term of office.
In January 2014, the borough council selected Millard Rooks to fill the vacant seat expiring in December 2015 of Michael Savary, who had resigned after pleading guilty to disorderly tampering with public records.
Federal, state and county representation
Alpha is located in the 7th Congressional district and is part of New Jersey's 23rd state legislative district. Prior to the 2010 Census, Alpha had been part of the , a change made by the New Jersey Redistricting Commission that took effect in January 2013, based on the results of the November 2012 general elections.
Politics
As of March 23, 2011, there were a total of 1,441 registered voters in Alpha, of which 548 (38.0% vs. 21.5% countywide) were registered as Democrats, 296 (20.5% vs. 35.3%) were registered as Republicans and 596 (41.4% vs. 43.1%) were registered as Unaffiliated. There was one voter registered to another party. Among the borough's 2010 Census population, 60.8% (vs. 62.3% in Warren County) were registered to vote, including 78.7% of those ages 18 and over (vs. 81.5% countywide).
In the 2012 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 497 votes (51.1% vs. 40.8% countywide), ahead of Republican Mitt Romney with 436 votes (44.8% vs. 56.0%) and other candidates with 25 votes (2.6% vs. 1.7%), among the 973 ballots cast by the borough's 1,457 registered voters, for a turnout of 66.8% (vs. 66.7% in Warren County). In the 2008 presidential election, Republican John McCain received 470 votes (47.7% vs. 55.2% countywide), ahead of Democrat Barack Obama with 464 votes (47.1% vs. 41.4%) and other candidates with 18 votes (1.8% vs. 1.6%), among the 985 ballots cast by the borough's 1,408 registered voters, for a turnout of 70.0% (vs. 73.4% in Warren County). In the 2004 presidential election, Republican George W. Bush received 510 votes (50.1% vs. 61.0% countywide), ahead of Democrat John Kerry with 489 votes (48.0% vs. 37.2%) and other candidates with 12 votes (1.2% vs. 1.3%), among the 1,018 ballots cast by the borough's 1,369 registered voters, for a turnout of 74.4% (vs. 76.3% in the whole county).
In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 70.0% of the vote (442 cast), ahead of Democrat Barbara Buono with 26.9% (170 votes), and other candidates with 3.0% (19 votes), among the 651 ballots cast by the borough's 1,471 registered voters (20 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 44.3%. In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 334 votes (48.2% vs. 61.3% countywide), ahead of Democrat Jon Corzine with 251 votes (36.2% vs. 25.7%), Independent Chris Daggett with 64 votes (9.2% vs. 9.8%) and other candidates with 21 votes (3.0% vs. 1.5%), among the 693 ballots cast by the borough's 1,397 registered voters, yielding a 49.6% turnout (vs. 49.6% in the county).
Education
Students in pre-kindergarten through eighth grade for public school attend the Alpha School District at Alpha School. As of the 2018–19 school year, the district, comprised of one school, had an enrollment of 211 students and 24.5 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 8.6:1. In the 2016–17 school year, Alpha had the 42nd smallest enrollment of any school district in the state, with 194 students.
Public school students in ninth through twelfth grades attend Phillipsburg High School in Phillipsburg, which serves students from Alpha as part of a sending/receiving relationship with the Phillipsburg School District. The high school also serves students from four other sending communities: Bloomsbury (in Hunterdon County), Greenwich Township, Lopatcong Township and Pohatcong Township. As of the 2018–19 school year, the high school had an enrollment of 1,650 students and 126.5 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 13.0:1.
Students from the borough and from all of Warren County are eligible to attend Ridge and Valley Charter School in Blairstown (for grades K-8) or Warren County Technical School in Washington borough (for 9-12), with special education services provided by local districts supplemented throughout the county by the Warren County Special Services School District in Oxford Township (for PreK-12).
Transportation
, the borough had a total of of roadways, of which were maintained by the municipality, by Warren County and by the Delaware River Joint Toll Bridge Commission.
The main road that goes through is CR 519. Route 122 runs through briefly in the north.
While Interstate 78 passes through the southern portion of the borough, the closest access point is at US 22 in neighboring Pohatcong.
The Norfolk Southern Railway's Lehigh Line (formerly the mainline of the Lehigh Valley Railroad), runs through Alpha on its way to Phillipsburg, New Jersey.
Notable people
People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Alpha include:
Joe Buzas (1919-2003), Minor League Baseball executive who played one season with the New York Yankees.
Hector A. Cafferata Jr. (1929–2016), United States Marine who received the Medal of Honor for his actions at the Battle of Chosin Reservoir during the Korean War.
Jack Orchulli (born 1946), politician.
Jennie Somogyi (born 1977/78), ballet dancer who joined the New York City Ballet in 1993, at age 15, became a principal dancer in 2000, and retired in 2015.
References
External links
Borough of Alpha
1911 establishments in New Jersey
Borough form of New Jersey government
Boroughs in Warren County, New Jersey
Populated places established in 1911 | [
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|
125802 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beattystown%2C%20New%20Jersey | Beattystown, New Jersey | Beattystown is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) located within Mansfield Township, in Warren County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the CDP's population was 4,554.
Beattystown has been listed as one of the 10 most endangered historic sites in New Jersey by Preservation New Jersey.
The area is located in the eastern region of the Lehigh Valley. Beattystown was started because of a mill built by a man named Beatty.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, Beattystown had a total area of 3.036 square miles (7.863 km2), including 3.011 square miles (7.799 km2) of land and 0.025 square miles (0.064 km2) of water (0.81%).
Demographics
Census 2010
Census 2000
As of the 2000 United States Census there were 3,223 people, 1,218 households, and 862 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 413.4/km2 (1,071.5/mi2). There were 1,253 housing units at an average density of 160.7/km2 (416.6/mi2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 91.75% White, 1.64% African American, 0.03% Native American, 1.86% Asian, 2.64% from other races, and 2.08% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.52% of the population.
There were 1,218 households, out of which 39.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.3% were married couples living together, 10.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.2% were non-families. 22.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.65 and the average family size was 3.16.
In the CDP the population was spread out, with 28.4% under the age of 18, 6.1% from 18 to 24, 36.9% from 25 to 44, 21.1% from 45 to 64, and 7.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.5 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $56,507, and the median income for a family was $75,196. Males had a median income of $48,843 versus $38,173 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $29,345. About 2.0% of families and 2.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 1.1% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over.
Points of interest
The Beattystown Historic District was added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 28, 1990 for its significance in architecture, commerce, industry, and settlement pattern.
References
Census-designated places in Warren County, New Jersey
Mansfield Township, Warren County, New Jersey | [
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125803 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belvidere%2C%20New%20Jersey | Belvidere, New Jersey | Belvidere is a town in Warren County, New Jersey, in the United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the town's population was 2,681, reflecting a decline of 90 (-3.2%) from the 2,771 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 102 (+3.8%) from the 2,669 counted in the 1990 Census. It is the county seat of Warren County. Belvidere is located in the eastern section of the Lehigh Valley.
Belvidere was incorporated as a town by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on April 7, 1845, from portions of Oxford Township, based on the results of a referendum held that day. The town's name means "beautiful to see" in Italian.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town had a total area of 1.48 square miles (3.84 km2), including 1.45 square miles (3.75 km2) of land and 0.04 square miles (0.09 km2) of water (2.36%).
Dildine Island is located in the Delaware River, approximately north of Belvidere.
Belvidere borders White Township in Warren County and Northampton County in Pennsylvania across the Delaware River.
Climate
Demographics
Census 2010
The Census Bureau's 2006-2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $60,707 (with a margin of error of +/- $10,476) and the median family income was $74,028 (+/- $13,366). Males had a median income of $53,796 (+/- $11,432) versus $32,000 (+/- $7,359) for females. The per capita income for the town was $28,220 (+/- $2,359). About 0.8% of families and 2.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including none of those under age 18 and 2.9% of those age 65 or over.
Census 2000
As of the 2000 United States Census there were 2,771 people, 1,088 households, and 716 families residing in the town. The population density was 2,091.7 people per square mile (810.5/km2). There were 1,165 housing units at an average density of 879.4 per square mile (340.8/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 98.02% White, 0.51% African American, 0.04% Native American, 0.51% Asian, 0.25% from other races, and 0.69% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.31% of the population.
There were 1,088 households, out of which 36.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.0% were married couples living together, 9.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.1% were non-families. 28.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.54 and the average family size was 3.17.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 28.1% under the age of 18, 6.1% from 18 to 24, 32.2% from 25 to 44, 20.7% from 45 to 64, and 12.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.5 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $52,792, and the median income for a family was $62,212. Males had a median income of $41,800 versus $31,444 for females. The per capita income for the town was $23,231. About 1.3% of families and 3.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 0.4% of those under age 18 and 10.4% of those age 65 or over.
Economy
A large site of DSM Nutritional Products that includes of facilities in the town, manufacturing products including arachidonic acid and beta-carotene by fermentation processes, is located on the town's border with White Township.
Government
Local government
Belvidere is governed under the Town form of municipal government. The town is one of nine municipalities (of the 565) statewide that use this traditional form of government. The governing body is comprised of the Mayor and the six-member Town Council , with all positions elected at-large on a partisan basis as part of the November general election. A Mayor is elected directly by the voters to a four-year term of office. The Town Council consists of six members elected to serve three-year terms on a staggered basis, with two seats coming up for election each year in a three-year cycle.
, the Mayor of Belvidere is Republican Joseph M. Kennedy Sr., whose term of office ends December 31, 2023. Members of the Town Council are Council President Laurel Napolitani (R, 2023), Glen E. Matlock (R, 2022; elected to serve an unexpired term), Kathleen Miers (R, 2023), Donald Mitchell (R, 2022), Joseph Roth (R, 2024) and Adam Zmigrodski (R, 2024).
Glen Matlock was elected in November 2020 to serve the term of office expiring in December 2022 that had been held by Charles A. Makatura Jr until he resigned from office in January 2020.
In March 2015, the Town Council selected Timothy Petre from three candidates nominated by the Republican municipal committee to fill the seat expiring in December 2017 that had been held by William J. Murphy until he resigned from office. Petre served on an interim basis until the November 2015 general election, when Laurel Napolitani was elected to serve the balance of the term of office.
In December 2014, the Town Council selected Laurel Napolitani from among three names nominated by the Republican municipal committee to fill the term expiring in December 2016 that had been held by Michael Viglianco, who resigned from council in December 2014 after moving out of Belvidere. Napolitani served on an interim basis until the November 2015 general election, when Walter Tutka was elected to serve the balance of the term of office.
Federal, state and county representation
Belvidere is located in the 5th Congressional District and is part of New Jersey's 24th state legislative district. Prior to the 2011 reapportionment following the 2010 Census, Belvidere had been in the 23rd state legislative district.
Politics
As of March 23, 2011, there were a total of 1,687 registered voters in Belvidere, of which 380 (22.5% vs. 21.5% countywide) were registered as Democrats, 611 (36.2% vs. 35.3%) were registered as Republicans and 694 (41.1% vs. 43.1%) were registered as Unaffiliated. There were 2 voters registered to other parties. Among the town's 2010 Census population, 62.9% (vs. 62.3% in Warren County) were registered to vote, including 84.3% of those ages 18 and over (vs. 81.5% countywide).
In the 2012 presidential election, Republican Mitt Romney received 656 votes (53.8% vs. 56.0% countywide), ahead of Democrat Barack Obama with 521 votes (42.7% vs. 40.8%) and other candidates with 24 votes (2.0% vs. 1.7%), among the 1,220 ballots cast by the town's 1,724 registered voters, for a turnout of 70.8% (vs. 66.7% in Warren County). In the 2008 presidential election, Republican John McCain received 693 votes (55.0% vs. 55.2% countywide), ahead of Democrat Barack Obama with 514 votes (40.8% vs. 41.4%) and other candidates with 27 votes (2.1% vs. 1.6%), among the 1,260 ballots cast by the town's 1,684 registered voters, for a turnout of 74.8% (vs. 73.4% in Warren County). In the 2004 presidential election, Republican George W. Bush received 779 votes (61.9% vs. 61.0% countywide), ahead of Democrat John Kerry with 452 votes (35.9% vs. 37.2%) and other candidates with 21 votes (1.7% vs. 1.3%), among the 1,259 ballots cast by the town's 1,640 registered voters, for a turnout of 76.8% (vs. 76.3% in the whole county).
In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 68.3% of the vote (494 cast), ahead of Democrat Barbara Buono with 27.0% (195 votes), and other candidates with 4.7% (34 votes), among the 740 ballots cast by the town's 1,758 registered voters (17 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 42.1%. In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 480 votes (56.7% vs. 61.3% countywide), ahead of Democrat Jon Corzine with 221 votes (26.1% vs. 25.7%), Independent Chris Daggett with 116 votes (13.7% vs. 9.8%) and other candidates with 18 votes (2.1% vs. 1.5%), among the 847 ballots cast by the town's 1,642 registered voters, yielding a 51.6% turnout (vs. 49.6% in the county).
Education
The Belvidere School District serves students in pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade. As of the 2017-18 school year, the district, comprised of three schools, had an enrollment of 716 students and 68.1 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 10.5:1. Schools in the district (with 2017-18 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics) are
Third Street School with 104 students in grades K-3 (closed as of 2019-20 school year),
Oxford Street Elementary School with 149 students in grades 4-8 (now PreK-8) and
Belvidere High School with 458 students in grades 9-12. As part of a cost-saving measure, Third Street School was closed after the 2018-19 school year and merged into Oxford Street Elementary School. Students from Harmony Township, Hope Township and White Township attend the district's high school as part of sending/receiving relationships with the respective districts.
Students from the town and from all of Warren County are eligible to attend Ridge and Valley Charter School in Blairstown (for grades K-8) or Warren County Technical School in Washington borough (for 9-12), with special education services provided by local districts supplemented throughout the county by the Warren County Special Services School District in Oxford Township (for PreK-12).
Belvidere was rated our of the Top 5 Schools in each county with the highest rate of drug/violence/bullying incidents. The rate was calculated by the state as the number of incidents per every 100 enrolled students. You can find detailed NJ Performance School Reports for your school at the Department of Education website.
Transportation
, the town had a total of of roadways, of which were maintained by the municipality and by Warren County.
No Interstate, U.S. or State highways pass through Belvidere. The most prominent highway is County Route 620.
The Riverton–Belvidere Bridge crosses the Delaware River, connecting Belvidere with Riverton, Pennsylvania, operated by the Delaware River Joint Toll Bridge Commission. There is no toll for crossing on either side, after tolls were abolished by the Joint Commission for the Elimination of Toll Bridges in 1929. The bridge is long, connecting Warren County Route 620 Spur (Water Street) in Belvidere to former Pennsylvania Route 709 on the Riverton side.
Notable people
People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Belvidere include:
Donald J. Albanese (born 1937), politician who served in the New Jersey General Assembly from 1976 to 1982.
C. Ledyard Blair (1867-1949), investment banker and yachtsman.
DeWitt Clinton Blair (1833-1915), philanthropist and industrialist.
Charles W. Buttz (1837–1913), member of the United States House of Representatives from South Carolina.
Dan Gray (born 1956), former NFL defensive tackle who played for the Detroit Lions in 1978.
Henry S. Harris (1850–1902), former U.S. Member of Congress.
Don Hume (born 1938), former NASCAR driver who competed in 15 Winston Cup events.
Joseph Johnson (1785–1877), former Member of Congress and Governor of Virginia.
John Patterson Bryan Maxwell (1804-1845), politician who represented New Jersey in the United States House of Representatives from 1837 to 1839 and again from 1841 to 1843.
William McMurtrie (1851-1913), chemist who served as president of the American Chemical Society.
Don Reitz (1929-2014), ceramic artist, recognized for inspiring a reemergence of salt glaze pottery in the United States.
Ernest Schelling (1876-1939), pianist, composer, conductor and music director who was the conductor of the Baltimore Symphony Orchestra from 1935 to 1937.
Melville Amasa Scovell (1855-1912), chemist.
George W. Scranton (1811–1861), former member of Congress and founder of the city of Scranton.
Chris Wylde (born 1976), actor and comedian.
Places of interest
Belvidere Cemetery - Dating back to 1834, the cemetery is the burial site of several historical figures, many associated with the Civil War, and has been included in tours conducted as part of the town's annual Victorian Days celebration.
Foul Rift is a Class II rapids on the Delaware River located south of Belvidere, in which a drop of in elevation in a span of creates one of the river's most dangerous stretches.
Four Sisters Winery - Established in 1984, the winery was named for the four daughters of the founders.
Robert Morris House - Built by Robert Morris, a signer of the Declaration of Independence, the house is one of the town's oldest homes.
Warren County Courthouse - Future New Jersey governor-elect Garret D. Wall (who declined to serve as governor after being elected in 1829) donated the land in 1825 and the courthouse was completed in 1826 at a cost of $10,000. In 1892, the courthouse was the site of the county's most recent public hanging.
Warren County Museum - Now the home of the Warren County Historical and Genealogical Society, the museum is located on Garret D. Wall county square in a townhome constructed c. 1848 and purchased in 1980 which now store many items related to the history of Warren County.
Wyckoff's Christmas Tree Farm - An ample supply of both cut-your-own and fresh cut Christmas trees available. Wyckoff's starts the season with approximately 5,000 trees available including: Douglas Fir, Fraser Fir, Blue Spruce, Norway Spruce & Concolor Fir. Opening on or about Nov. 25 through Dec. 24, 8 am - 4:30 pm.
References
External links
Belvidere Town website
History of Belvidere, New Jersey
1845 establishments in New Jersey
County seats in New Jersey
Populated places established in 1845
Town form of New Jersey government
Towns in Warren County, New Jersey
New Jersey populated places on the Delaware River | [
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|
125804 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blairstown%2C%20New%20Jersey | Blairstown, New Jersey | Blairstown is a township in Warren County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the township's population was 5,967 reflecting an increase of 220 (+3.8%) from the 5,747 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 416 (+7.8%) from the 5,331 counted in the 1990 Census.
The area had been known as Smith's Mill and was later called Butts Bridge (variously spelled as "Butt's Bridge" and "Butts' Bridge"), named for a family that owned the eponymous crossing of the Paulins Kill.
Blairstown was incorporated as a township by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on April 14, 1845, from portions of Knowlton Township, based on the results of a referendum held that day. The township was named for John Insley Blair.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township had a total area of 30.78 square miles (79.71 km2), including 29.89 square miles (77.41 km2) of land and 0.89 square miles (2.30 km2) of water (2.88%). The township is located in the Kittatinny Valley which is a section of the Great Appalachian Valley that stretches for from Canada to Alabama.
Blairstown CDP (with a 2010 Census population of 515) is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) located within the township.
Other unincorporated communities, localities and place names located partially or completely within the township include Blair Lake, Cedar Lake, Cooks Pond, Jacksonburg, Kalaroma, Lake Susquehanna, Mount Vernon, Paulina, Vail and Walnut Valley.
White Township borders the Warren County municipalities of Frelinghuysen Township, Hardwick Township, Hope Township and Knowlton Township.
Demographics
The Township's economic data (as is all of Warren County) is calculated by the United States Census Bureau as part of the Allentown–Bethlehem–Easton metropolitan area which also includes Carbon County, Lehigh County and Northampton County counties in Pennsylvania.
Census 2010
The Census Bureau's 2006-2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $82,952 (with a margin of error of +/- $10,269) and the median family income was $92,063 (+/- $14,594). Males had a median income of $73,818 (+/- $7,161) versus $54,959 (+/- $13,254) for females. The per capita income for the borough was $38,393 (+/- $7,342). About 4.1% of families and 5.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.1% of those under age 18 and 1.4% of those age 65 or over.
Census 2000
As of the 2000 United States Census there were 5,747 people, 2,040 households, and 1,638 families residing in the township. The population density was 185.3 people per square mile (71.5/km2). There were 2,136 housing units at an average density of 68.9 per square mile (26.6/km2). The racial makeup of the township was 98.17% White, 0.26% African American, 0.14% Native American, 0.56% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.28% from other races, and 0.57% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.98% of the population.
There were 2,040 households, out of which 35.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 69.6% were married couples living together, 7.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 19.7% were non-families. 15.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.81 and the average family size was 3.14.
In the township the population was spread out, with 25.6% under the age of 18, 5.8% from 18 to 24, 26.7% from 25 to 44, 29.5% from 45 to 64, and 12.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.2 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $64,809, and the median income for a family was $71,214. Males had a median income of $51,931 versus $33,646 for females. The per capita income for the township was $27,775. About 3.0% of families and 4.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.4% of those under age 18 and 3.4% of those age 65 or over.
Government
Local government
Blairstown is governed under the Township form of New Jersey municipal government, one of 141 municipalities (of the 565) statewide that use this form, the second-most commonly used form of government in the state. The Township Committee is comprised of five members, who are elected directly by the voters at-large in partisan elections to serve three-year terms of office on a staggered basis, with either one or two seats coming up for election each year as part of the November general election in a three-year cycle. At a reorganization meeting held each year during the first week of January, the Committee members select one of their members to serve as Mayor and another to serve as Deputy Mayor.
, the Blairstown Township Committee consists of Mayor Rob Moorhead (R, term on committee ends December 31, 2024, term as mayor ends 2022), Deputy Mayor Walter Orcutt (R, term on committee ends 2023; term as deputy mayor ends 2022), Charles Makatura (R, 2024), Giovanna "JoAnne" VanValkenburg (R, 2022) and Debra Waldron (R, 2023).
Federal, state and county representation
Blairstown Township is located in the 5th Congressional District and is part of New Jersey's 24th state legislative district. Prior to the 2011 reapportionment following the 2010 Census, Blairstown Township had been in the 23rd state legislative district.
Politics
As of March 23, 2011, there were a total of 4,294 registered voters in Blairstown Township, of which 707 (16.5% vs. 21.5% countywide) were registered as Democrats, 1,882 (43.8% vs. 35.3%) were registered as Republicans and 1,702 (39.6% vs. 43.1%) were registered as Unaffiliated. There were 3 voters registered to other parties. Among the township's 2010 Census population, 72.0% (vs. 62.3% in Warren County) were registered to vote, including 94.6% of those ages 18 and over (vs. 81.5% countywide).
In the 2012 presidential election, Republican Mitt Romney received 1,654 votes (63.2% vs. 56.0% countywide), ahead of Democrat Barack Obama with 910 votes (34.8% vs. 40.8%) and other candidates with 28 votes (1.1% vs. 1.7%), among the 2,616 ballots cast by the township's 4,326 registered voters, for a turnout of 60.5% (vs. 66.7% in Warren County). In the 2008 presidential election, Republican John McCain received 1,986 votes (60.7% vs. 55.2% countywide), ahead of Democrat Barack Obama with 1,192 votes (36.4% vs. 41.4%) and other candidates with 39 votes (1.2% vs. 1.6%), among the 3,271 ballots cast by the township's 4,332 registered voters, for a turnout of 75.5% (vs. 73.4% in Warren County). In the 2004 presidential election, Republican George W. Bush received 2,141 votes (65.8% vs. 61.0% countywide), ahead of Democrat John Kerry with 1,068 votes (32.8% vs. 37.2%) and other candidates with 33 votes (1.0% vs. 1.3%), among the 3,256 ballots cast by the township's 4,021 registered voters, for a turnout of 81.0% (vs. 76.3% in the whole county).
In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 74.0% of the vote (1,335 cast), ahead of Democrat Barbara Buono with 23.7% (427 votes), and other candidates with 2.3% (42 votes), among the 1,850 ballots cast by the township's 4,338 registered voters (46 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 42.6%. In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 1,252 votes (63.5% vs. 61.3% countywide), ahead of Democrat Jon Corzine with 489 votes (24.8% vs. 25.7%), Independent Chris Daggett with 180 votes (9.1% vs. 9.8%) and other candidates with 24 votes (1.2% vs. 1.5%), among the 1,971 ballots cast by the township's 4,236 registered voters, yielding a 46.5% turnout (vs. 49.6% in the county).
Former Mayors
2021 - Rob Moorhead (R)
2018-20 - Stephen Lance (R)
2014–17 - Herman Shoemaker (R)
2013 - Richard Mach (R)
2012 - Frank Anderson (R)
2009-11 - Richard Mach (R)
2006-08 - Stephen Lance (R)
2005 - Alfred Handy (R)
2004 - George Joest (R)
2003 - William Horsey (R)
2002 - George Joest (R)
2001 - William Seal (R)
2000 - Jane Santini (D)
1999 - Joseph DiGrazia (R)
1998 - Anita Ardia (I)
1996-97 - Franklin D Shotwell (R)
1995 - Charles Eble (R)
1990-94 - Walter Orcutt (R)
1989 - Frank Kelly (D)
1988 - Howard Mott, Sr (D)
Former Committee Members
2021-23 - Walter Orcutt (R)
2019-21 - Steven Sikkes (R)
2019-21 - Rob Moorhead (R)
2017-23 - Debra Waldron (R)
2016-18 - Cynthia Dalton (R)
2015-22 - JoAnne VanValkenburg (R)
2015 - Harold Price (R)
2014-15 - Susan Price (R)
2013-18 - Paul Avery (R)
2012-17 - Herman Shoemaker (R)
2007-12 - William Seal (R)
2006-11 - Sal Lascari (R)
2006-20 - Stephen Lance (R)
2005-15 - Frank Anderson (R)
2005-13 - Richard Mach (R)
2004-06 - Gary Stevens (R)
2003-05 - Alfred Handy (R)
2003-05 - Raymond Davis (R)
2002-04 - William Horsey (R)
2001-05 - George Joest (R)
2001-03 - JoAnne VanValkenburg (I)
1998-01 - William Seal (R)
1997-02 - Jane Santini (D)
1997-02 - Anita Ardia (I)
1995-97 - Fred Cook (D)
1995-97 - Charles Eble (R)
1992-94 - Robert Rokosz (R)
1990-92 - Anthony Hipple (R)
1989-94 - Walter Orcutt (R)
1988-93 - Robert McElroy (D)
1984-86 - George Wilhelm (R)
1981-87 - Carl Race (R)
1979-87 - Sal Simonetti (R)
1978-83 - Elwyn Barker (R)
1975-79 - Howard Mott, Sr (D)
1968-89 - Frank Kelly (D)
Education
The Blairstown Township School District serves public school students in kindergarten through sixth grade at the Blairstown Elementary School. As of the 2017–18 school year, the district, comprised of one school, had an enrollment of 469 students and 46.9 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 10.0:1. Students from Hardwick Township, a non-operating school district, also attend Blairstown Elementary School.
Students in seventh through twelfth grades for public school attend the North Warren Regional High School in Blairstown, a public secondary high school, serving students from the townships of Blairstown, Frelinghuysen, Hardwick and Knowlton. As of the 2017–18 school year, the high school had an enrollment of 820 students and 77.6 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 10.6:1.
Ridge and Valley Charter School, a K-8 charter school founded in 2004 that is focused on Earth literacy and sustainable living, is located in neighboring Frelinghuysen Township. The school also serves (and grants admission priority to) students from Frelinghuysen, Hardwick and Knowlton Townships, who attend the school without cost to the parents. Students from the township and from all of Warren County are also eligible to attend Warren County Technical School in Washington borough (for 9-12), with special education services provided by local districts supplemented throughout the county by the Warren County Special Services School District in Oxford Township (for PreK-12).
Students from across the world attend Blair Academy, a private boarding school for students in grades 9-12 established in 1848 by philanthropist John Insley Blair.
Transportation
Roads and highways
, the township had a total of of roadways, of which were maintained by the municipality, by Warren County and by the New Jersey Department of Transportation.
Interstate 80 (the Bergen-Passaic Expressway) passes through briefly in the southern part without any interchanges, and is accessible via Route 94 and CR 521 in neighboring Knowlton and Hope townships, respectively. Route 94 passes runs east–west through the center of the township while County Route 521 passes through in the eastern section.
Airport
Blairstown Airport (1N7) is located southwest of the central business district.
Railroads
The Lackawanna Cut-Off, a high-speed, double-track railway line that stretches for was constructed by the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad between 1908 and 1911, opening for service on December 24, 1911. It ran west from Port Morris, New Jersey to Slateford, Pennsylvania and passed through Blairstown. The DL&W RR merged with the Erie Railroad on October 17, 1960, to form the Erie Lackawanna Railroad. Due to declining revenues, passenger service over the Lackawanna Cut-Off was discontinued on January 6, 1970, and freight service ceased in 1979, just three years after the E-L was absorbed into the Consolidated Railroad Corporation (Conrail). The tracks remained relatively-dormant until 1984, when the property was sold to a developer and the rails were removed. The right-of-way is now the property of the State of New Jersey, and plans are underway for the restoration of rail service in the future. Blairstown's poured concrete passenger and freight stations still stand, although privately owned.
Blairstown was also served by a second railroad, the Blairstown Railway. The little short line, a personal project of the local industrial magnate John Insley Blair, was constructed in 1876 from Blairstown to Delaware, NJ, where it connected with the Old Main Line of the Lackawanna RR. The Blairstown Railway was absorbed by the New York, Susquehanna & Western Railroad in 1882 as it built west to the coal fields of Pennsylvania. The NYS&W also operated passenger service between Blairstown and New York (via Jersey City, NJ) until 1935. A third railroad, the Lehigh & New England Railroad, operated through Blairstown via trackage rights over the NYS&W between Swartswood Junction and Hainesburg Junction until October 31, 1961, when the L&NE was abandoned. With the loss of L&NE trackage rights revenues and little local business to sustain the line, the NYS&W also abandoned its line through Blairstown shortly thereafter, and the tracks were removed in 1962. The right-of-way today has been preserved by the State of New Jersey as the long Paulinskill Valley Trail.
Landmarks
Blairstown Historic District was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.
Historic Blairstown Theater (also known as Roy's Hall) was built in 1913 as a silent movie house. The building was restored and painted blue in 2005 and is the centerpiece of Blairstown's vintage Main Street, surrounded by charming shops, galleries and restaurants. The HBT features a regular schedule of live music and theatrical performances, classic film and community events.
The Blairstown Museum is a private, non-profit corporation organized under New Jersey law managed by a Board of Directors and housed in a 19th-century building, known as the last remaining structure of "Roy's Row". The Museum is the only general history and cultural museum for the Township of Blairstown. It cares for over 2,000 items that illustrate the history of the township and its inhabitants, including former resident and namesake John Insley Blair.
Gallery
Popular culture
Scenes from the horror film Friday the 13th were filmed on Blairstown's Main Street, and at the Blairstown Diner on Route 94; the Boy Scout camp No-Be-Bo-Sco in adjacent Hardwick Township was the site for Camp Crystal Lake.
The body of Princess Doe was discovered at the Cedar Ridge Cemetery in Blairstown on July 15, 1982. She became the first unidentified body entered into the FBI's NCIC computer system.<ref>Gallucci, Jaclyn. "Identifying Princess Doe: 30 Years After She Was Slain, New Technology May ID Her and The Killer", Long Island Press, August 2, 2012. Accessed August 26, 2013. "This headless mannequin dressed in red standing erect among the headstones is an eerie sight from the busy state road that borders the Cedar Ridge Cemetery in this small township of nearly 6,000. Here, in Blairstown, everyone seems to know each other—police, business owners, neighbors—everyone except for the teenage girl found barefoot, partially clothed and beaten beyond recognition the morning of July 15, 1982."</ref>
Scenes from the horror film Plasterhead were filmed at the Blairstown Diner on Route 94.
Notable people
People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Blairstown include:
Cathy Bao Bean (born 1942), lives in neighboring Frelinghuysen Township, author of The Chopsticks-Fork Principle: A Memoir and Manual''.
Bennett Bean, studio potter, lives in neighboring Frelinghuysen Township.
Anthony D'Amato, songwriter and singer.
David T. Little (born 1978), composer.
Robert A. Belet (1914-1942), United States Marine Corps master technical sergeant who was awarded the Silver Star for his actions in the Guadalcanal Campaign.
DeWitt Clinton Blair (1833–1915), son of John Insley Blair.
John Insley Blair (1802–1899), entrepreneur, railroad magnate, and Blairstown's most famous citizen. Gravel Hill was renamed Blairstown after Blair in 1839.
John A. Haggerty (1841-1910), Wisconsin legislator and businessman who was born in Blairstown.
Nancy Overton (1926-2009), singer best known for her work with The Chordettes.
Lou Reed (1942–2013), musician, singer, songwriter and record producer, lived in neighboring Hardwick Township.
Isaac Wildrick (1803–1892), represented in the United States House of Representatives from 1849 to 1853.
References
External links
Blairstown Township website
1845 establishments in New Jersey
Populated places established in 1845
Township form of New Jersey government
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|
125805 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brass%20Castle%2C%20New%20Jersey | Brass Castle, New Jersey | Brass Castle is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) located within Washington Township, in Warren County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the CDP's population was 1,555. It is located in the easternmost region of the Lehigh Valley.
Brass Castle is named for Jacob Brass, an early settler of the area.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, Brass Castle had a total area of 2.934 square miles (7.599 km2), including 2.918 square miles (7.557 km2) of land and 0.016 square miles (0.041 km2) of water (0.54%).
Demographics
Census 2010
Census 2000
As of the 2000 United States Census there were 1,507 people, 517 households, and 436 families living in the CDP. The population density was 199.3/km2 (516.5/mi2). There were 535 housing units at an average density of 70.7/km2 (183.4/mi2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 98.21% White, 0.93% African American, 0.27% Asian, 0.46% from other races, and 0.13% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.66% of the population.
There were 517 households, out of which 42.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 75.2% were married couples living together, 6.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 15.5% were non-families. 13.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.91 and the average family size was 3.18.
In the CDP the population was spread out, with 28.4% under the age of 18, 5.6% from 18 to 24, 28.4% from 25 to 44, 25.3% from 45 to 64, and 12.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.1 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $79,227, and the median income for a family was $84,783. Males had a median income of $51,689 versus $35,690 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $32,393. About 5.1% of families and 4.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.5% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over.
References
Census-designated places in Warren County, New Jersey
Washington Township, Warren County, New Jersey | [
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125806 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklin%20Township%2C%20Warren%20County%2C%20New%20Jersey | Franklin Township, Warren County, New Jersey | Franklin Township is a township in Warren County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the township's population was 3,176, reflecting an increase of 408 (+14.7%) from the 2,768 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 364 (+15.1%) from the 2,404 counted in the 1990 Census.
The township, and all of Warren County, is part of the Lehigh Valley metropolitan statistical area.
Franklin was incorporated as a township by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on April 8, 1839, from portions of Greenwich Township, Mansfield Township and Oxford Township. The township is named for Benjamin Franklin.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township had a total area of 23.51 square miles (60.89 km2), including 23.42 square miles (60.66 km2) of land and 0.09 square miles (0.23 km2) of water (0.38%).
Asbury (with a 2010 Census population of 273), Broadway (244) and New Village (421) are unincorporated communities and census-designated places (CDPs)located within the township.
Other unincorporated communities, localities and place names located partially or completely within the township include Willow Grove.
Franklin Township borders the municipalities of Greenwich Township, Harmony Township and Washington Township in Warren County; and Bethlehem Township and Bloomsbury in Hunterdon County.
Demographics
Census 2010
The Census Bureau's 2006-2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $85,893 (with a margin of error of +/- $7,764) and the median family income was $98,333 (+/- $7,142). Males had a median income of $69,784 (+/- $9,633) versus $59,750 (+/- $16,881) for females. The per capita income for the borough was $38,178 (+/- $4,746). About 7.2% of families and 5.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.6% of those under age 18 and 9.2% of those age 65 or over.
Census 2000
As of the 2000 United States Census there were 2,768 people, 972 households, and 750 families residing in the township. The population density was 115.4 people per square mile (44.5/km2). There were 1,019 housing units at an average density of 42.5 per square mile (16.4/km2). The racial makeup of the township was 97.04% White, 0.83% African American, 0.07% Native American, 0.87% Asian, 0.11% from other races, and 1.08% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.99% of the population.
There were 972 households, out of which 39.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 66.6% were married couples living together, 7.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.8% were non-families. 18.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.84 and the average family size was 3.28.
In the township the population was spread out, with 28.8% under the age of 18, 5.1% from 18 to 24, 30.7% from 25 to 44, 25.3% from 45 to 64, and 10.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.4 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $69,115, and the median income for a family was $72,763. Males had a median income of $47,569 versus $31,906 for females. The per capita income for the township was $27,224. About 2.4% of families and 3.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 1.9% of those under age 18 and 15.3% of those age 65 or over.
Government
Local government
Franklin Township is governed under the Township form of New Jersey municipal government, one of 141 municipalities (of the 565) statewide that use this form, the second-most commonly used form of government in the state. The Township Committee is comprised of five members, who are elected directly by the voters at-large in partisan elections to serve three-year terms of office on a staggered basis, with either one or two seats coming up for election each year as part of the November general election in a three-year cycle. At an annual reorganization meeting, the Township Committee selects one of its members to serve as Mayor and another to serve as Deputy Mayor.
, members of the Franklin Township Committee are Mayor Michael Toretta (R, term on committee ends December 31, 2024; term as mayor ends 2022), Deputy Mayor David Guth (R, term on committee ends 2024; term as deputy mayor ends 2022), Bonnie Butler (R, 2023), Mike Ferri (R, 2022), Richard Herzer (R, 2022).
In 2018, the township had an average property tax bill of $9,022, the highest in the county, compared to an average bill of $8,767 statewide.
Federal, state and county representation
Franklin Township is located in the 7th Congressional District and is part of New Jersey's 23rd state legislative district. Prior to the 2010 Census, Franklin Township had been part of the , a change made by the New Jersey Redistricting Commission that took effect in January 2013, based on the results of the November 2012 general elections.
Politics
As of March 23, 2011, there were a total of 2,112 registered voters in Franklin Township, of which 396 (18.8% vs. 21.5% countywide) were registered as Democrats, 890 (42.1% vs. 35.3%) were registered as Republicans and 825 (39.1% vs. 43.1%) were registered as Unaffiliated. There was one voter registered to another party. Among the township's 2010 Census population, 66.5% (vs. 62.3% in Warren County) were registered to vote, including 88.6% of those ages 18 and over (vs. 81.5% countywide).
In the 2012 presidential election, Republican Mitt Romney received 921 votes (63.1% vs. 56.0% countywide), ahead of Democrat Barack Obama with 493 votes (33.8% vs. 40.8%) and other candidates with 27 votes (1.8% vs. 1.7%), among the 1,460 ballots cast by the township's 2,095 registered voters, for a turnout of 69.7% (vs. 66.7% in Warren County). In the 2008 presidential election, Republican John McCain received 960 votes (59.9% vs. 55.2% countywide), ahead of Democrat Barack Obama with 588 votes (36.7% vs. 41.4%) and other candidates with 39 votes (2.4% vs. 1.6%), among the 1,602 ballots cast by the township's 2,090 registered voters, for a turnout of 76.7% (vs. 73.4% in Warren County). In the 2004 presidential election, Republican George W. Bush received 967 votes (63.1% vs. 61.0% countywide), ahead of Democrat John Kerry with 529 votes (34.5% vs. 37.2%) and other candidates with 26 votes (1.7% vs. 1.3%), among the 1,533 ballots cast by the township's 1,900 registered voters, for a turnout of 80.7% (vs. 76.3% in the whole county).
In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 79.6% of the vote (730 cast), ahead of Democrat Barbara Buono with 18.2% (167 votes), and other candidates with 2.2% (20 votes), among the 932 ballots cast by the township's 2,148 registered voters (15 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 43.4%. In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 794 votes (68.8% vs. 61.3% countywide), ahead of Democrat Jon Corzine with 200 votes (17.3% vs. 25.7%), Independent Chris Daggett with 117 votes (10.1% vs. 9.8%) and other candidates with 25 votes (2.2% vs. 1.5%), among the 1,154 ballots cast by the township's 2,059 registered voters, yielding a 56.0% turnout (vs. 49.6% in the county).
Education
The Franklin Township School District serves public school students in pre-kindergarten through sixth grade. As of the 2018–19 school year, the district, comprised of one school, had an enrollment of 201 students and 26.4 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 7.6:1.
Public school students in seventh through twelfth grades attend the schools of the Warren Hills Regional School District, which also serves students from the municipalities of Mansfield Township, Washington Borough, Washington Township and Oxford Township (for 9-12 only, attending on a tuition basis). Schools in the district (with 2018–19 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics) are
Warren Hills Regional Middle School with 542 students in grades 7 and 8 (located in Washington Borough) and
Warren Hills Regional High School with 1,205 students in grades 9 - 12 (located in Washington Township). The high school district is overseen by a nine-member board of education; seats are allocated to the constituent municipalities based on population, with one seat assigned to Franklin Township.
Students from the township and from all of Warren County are eligible to attend Ridge and Valley Charter School in Frelinghuysen Township (for grades K-8) or Warren County Technical School in Washington borough (for 9-12), with special education services provided by local districts supplemented throughout the county by the Warren County Special Services School District in Oxford Township (for PreK-12).
Transportation
, the township had a total of of roadways, of which were maintained by the municipality, by Warren County and by the New Jersey Department of Transportation.
Major roadways in Franklin Township include Interstate 78/US 22, which pass through the southern part very briefly with Exit 6 right on the border. Route 57 runs through the northern part of the township.
Notable people
People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Franklin Township include:
Dom Fucci (born 1928), NFL player in the 1955 season with the Detroit Lions.
Pete Perini (1928-2008), fullback who played two seasons in the National Football League with the Chicago Bears and Cleveland Browns.
Surrounding communities
References
External links
Franklin Township website
History of Franklin, NJ
1839 establishments in New Jersey
Populated places established in 1839
Township form of New Jersey government
Townships in Warren County, New Jersey | [
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125807 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frelinghuysen%20Township%2C%20New%20Jersey | Frelinghuysen Township, New Jersey | Frelinghuysen Township is a township in Warren County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the township's population was 2,230, reflecting an increase of 147 (+7.1%) from the 2,083 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 304 (+17.1%) from the 1,779 counted in the 1990 Census.
The township, and all of Warren County, is part of the Lehigh Valley metropolitan statistical area.
In 2015, Frelinghuysen Township was rated fourth by New Jersey Family on its list of "New Jersey's Best Towns for Families".
History
Frelinghuysen Township was incorporated from portions of Hardwick Township on March 7, 1848. According to the book Historical Sites of Warren County, the township was named for Theodorus Jacobus Frelinghuysen, a minister and theologian of the Dutch Reformed Church who came to New Jersey in 1720. Theodorus was the grandfather of Theodore Frelinghuysen, the noted statesman, educator and running mate of presidential candidate Henry Clay on the Whig Party ticket in the 1844 election, who is also credited as the inspiration for the township's name.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township had a total area of 23.87 square miles (61.83 km2), including 23.62 square miles (61.18 km2) of land and 0.25 square miles (0.65 km2) of water (1.04%).
Johnsonburg (with a 2010 Census population of 101) and Marksboro (population of 82 in 2010) are unincorporated communities and census-designated places (CDPs) located within the township. Other unincorporated communities, localities and place names located partially or completely within the township include Ebenezer, Glovers Pond, Kerrs Corners, Shiloh, Southtown and Yellow Frame.
The township is located in the Kittatinny Valley which is a section of the Great Appalachian Valley that stretches for from Canada to Alabama.
Frelinghuysen Township borders the municipalities of Allamuchy Township, Blairstown, Hardwick Township, Hope Township and Independence Township in Warren County; and Fredon Township, Green Township and Stillwater Township in Sussex County.
Demographics
Census 2010
The Census Bureau's 2006-2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $94,688 (with a margin of error of +/- $10,942) and the median family income was $104,712 (+/- $8,336). Males had a median income of $81,667 (+/- $4,051) versus $53,857 (+/- $2,542) for females. The per capita income for the borough was $39,316 (+/- $3,207). About 2.2% of families and 5.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.7% of those under age 18 and 3.8% of those age 65 or over.
Census 2000
As of the 2000 United States Census there were 2,083 people, 722 households, and 578 families residing in the township. The population density was 88.9 people per square mile (34.3/km2). There were 755 housing units at an average density of 32.2 per square mile (12.4/km2). The racial makeup of the township was 97.79% White, 0.34% African American, 0.05% Native American, 0.38% Asian, 0.19% Pacific Islander, 0.48% from other races, and 0.77% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.64% of the population.
There were 722 households, out of which 37.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 71.5% were married couples living together, 5.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 19.9% were non-families. 14.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.81 and the average family size was 3.13.
In the township the population was spread out, with 26.1% under the age of 18, 4.8% from 18 to 24, 28.4% from 25 to 44, 29.7% from 45 to 64, and 11.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.0 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $72,434, and the median income for a family was $78,464. Males had a median income of $56,818 versus $36,827 for females. The per capita income for the township was $28,792. About 1.1% of families and 2.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 0.6% of those under age 18 and 1.5% of those age 65 or over.
Government
Local government
Frelinghuysen Township is governed under the Township form of New Jersey municipal government, one of 141 municipalities (of the 565) statewide that use this form, the second-most commonly used form of government in the state. The Township Committee is comprised of five members, who are elected directly by the voters at-large in partisan elections to serve three-year terms of office on a staggered basis, with either one or two seats coming up for election each year as part of the November general election in a three-year cycle. The committee has an organizational meeting each January to appoint a Mayor and Deputy Mayor from among its members. These officers serve for one year, until the next organizational meeting.
, members of the Frelinghuysen Township Committee are Mayor Christopher Stracco (R, term on committee ends December 31, 2021; term as mayor ends 2020), Deputy Mayor Keith C. Ramos (R, term on committee ends 2022; term as deputy mayor ends 2020), David C. Boynton (I, 2020), Frank D. Desidero Jr. (R, 2022) and Todd McPeek (R, 2021).
Federal, state and county representation
Frelinghuysen Township is located in the 5th Congressional District and is part of New Jersey's 24th state legislative district. Prior to the 2011 reapportionment following the 2010 Census, Frelinghuysen Township had been in the 23rd state legislative district.
Politics
As of March 23, 2011, there were a total of 1,583 registered voters in Frelinghuysen Township, of which 248 (15.7% vs. 21.5% countywide) were registered as Democrats, 700 (44.2% vs. 35.3%) were registered as Republicans and 634 (40.1% vs. 43.1%) were registered as Unaffiliated. There was one voter registered to another party. Among the township's 2010 Census population, 71.0% (vs. 62.3% in Warren County) were registered to vote, including 90.6% of those ages 18 and over (vs. 81.5% countywide).
In the 2012 presidential election, Republican Mitt Romney received 756 votes (65.3% vs. 56.0% countywide), ahead of Democrat Barack Obama with 368 votes (31.8% vs. 40.8%) and other candidates with 22 votes (1.9% vs. 1.7%), among the 1,157 ballots cast by the township's 1,582 registered voters, for a turnout of 73.1% (vs. 66.7% in Warren County). In the 2008 presidential election, Republican John McCain received 802 votes (64.4% vs. 55.2% countywide), ahead of Democrat Barack Obama with 405 votes (32.5% vs. 41.4%) and other candidates with 19 votes (1.5% vs. 1.6%), among the 1,246 ballots cast by the township's 1,577 registered voters, for a turnout of 79.0% (vs. 73.4% in Warren County). In the 2004 presidential election, Republican George W. Bush received 801 votes (66.3% vs. 61.0% countywide), ahead of Democrat John Kerry with 384 votes (31.8% vs. 37.2%) and other candidates with 20 votes (1.7% vs. 1.3%), among the 1,209 ballots cast by the township's 1,491 registered voters, for a turnout of 81.1% (vs. 76.3% in the whole county).
In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 75.7% of the vote (535 cast), ahead of Democrat Barbara Buono with 21.1% (149 votes), and other candidates with 3.3% (23 votes), among the 720 ballots cast by the township's 1,591 registered voters (13 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 45.3%. In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 623 votes (64.5% vs. 61.3% countywide), ahead of Democrat Jon Corzine with 219 votes (22.7% vs. 25.7%), Independent Chris Daggett with 95 votes (9.8% vs. 9.8%) and other candidates with 15 votes (1.6% vs. 1.5%), among the 966 ballots cast by the township's 1,560 registered voters, yielding a 61.9% turnout (vs. 49.6% in the county).
Education
The Frelinghuysen Township School District serves children in public school in pre-kindergarten through sixth grade at Frelinghuysen Elementary School. As of the 2018–19 school year, the district, comprised of one school, had an enrollment of 148 students and 10.7 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 13.9:1. In the 2016–17 school year, Frelinghuysen had the 28th smallest enrollment of any school district in the state, with 150 students.
Students in seventh through twelfth grades for public school attend the North Warren Regional High School, a public secondary high school that also serves students from the townships of Blairstown (site of the school), Hardwick and Knowlton. As of the 2018–19 school year, the high school had an enrollment of 799 students and 77.6 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 10.3:1.
Students from the township and from all of Warren County are eligible to attend Ridge and Valley Charter School in the township (for grades K-8, with Frelinghuysen residents among those receiving admissions preference) or Warren County Technical School in Washington borough (for 9-12), with special education services provided by local districts supplemented throughout the county by the Warren County Special Services School District in Oxford Township (for PreK-12).
Transportation
, the township had a total of of roadways, of which were maintained by the municipality, by Warren County and by the New Jersey Department of Transportation.
Interstate 80 (the Bergen-Passaic Expressway) traverses though the southern part of Frelinghuysen, but does not have any interchanges within the township; the closest exits are in both neighboring Allamuchy and Hope Townships. Route 94 runs through in the northern part of the township. CR 519 is the main county road that passes through roughly from the southwest to the northeast.
Notable people
People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Frelinghuysen Township include:
Isaac Wildrick (1803–1892), former U.S. Member of Congress.
References
External links
Frelinghuysen Township website
1848 establishments in New Jersey
Populated places established in 1848
Township form of New Jersey government
Townships in Warren County, New Jersey | [
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|
125808 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great%20Meadows-Vienna%2C%20New%20Jersey | Great Meadows-Vienna, New Jersey | Great Meadows-Vienna was an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) located within Independence Township, in Warren County, New Jersey, United States, located in the eastern region of the Lehigh Valley. As of the 2000 United States Census, the CDP's population was 1,264.
The combined CDP existed through the 2000 Census. Effective with the 2010 United States Census, the CDP was split into its components, Great Meadows (with a 2010 Census population of 303) and Vienna (981 as of 2010).
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP had a total area of 10.9 km2 (4.2 mi2), all land.
Demographics
Census 2000
As of the 2000 United States Census there were 1,264 people, 403 households, and 334 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 115.6/km2 (299.6/mi2). There were 413 housing units at an average density of 37.8/km2 (97.9/mi2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 96.60% White, 0.79% African American, 0.08% Native American, 0.95% Asian, and 1.58% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.19% of the population.
There were 403 households, out of which 48.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 71.5% were married couples living together, 8.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 17.1% were non-families. 12.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.14 and the average family size was 3.44.
In the CDP the population was spread out, with 33.1% under the age of 18, 5.6% from 18 to 24, 30.1% from 25 to 44, 24.8% from 45 to 64, and 6.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.2 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $70,000, and the median income for a family was $71,600. Males had a median income of $50,729 versus $33,229 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $27,688. None of the families and 1.4% of the population were living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and 10.6% of those over 64.
References
Census-designated places in Warren County, New Jersey
Independence Township, New Jersey | [
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125809 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenwich%20Township%2C%20Warren%20County%2C%20New%20Jersey | Greenwich Township, Warren County, New Jersey | Greenwich Township () is a township in Warren County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the township's population was 5,712. The township is located in the far eastern region of the Lehigh Valley, which has a population of 861,899 and is the 69th most populated metropolitan area in the U.S. as of the 2020 census.
Greenwich Township has at various times been a part of most of Northwestern New Jersey's counties. The township was first mentioned in official documents on October 9, 1738, as a part of Hunterdon County. On March 15, 1739, it became part of the newly formed Morris County. On January 22, 1750, portions of the township were taken to form Hardwick Township. On June 8, 1753, Sussex County was created, and Greenwich Township was shifted again. Portions of the township were taken on May 30, 1754, to form both Mansfield Township and Oxford Township. The township was incorporated by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on February 21, 1798. It found its current home when Warren County was formed on November 20, 1824. On April 8, 1839, portions of the township were taken to create Franklin Township and Harmony Township. On March 7, 1851, Phillipsburg was created from parts of Greenwich, and Pohatcong Township went off on its own as of January 1, 1882. The township was named for Greenwich, England.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township had a total area of 10.60 square miles (27.45 km2), including 10.58 square miles (27.40 km2) of land and 0.02 square miles (0.04 km2) of water (0.15%).
Greenwich CDP (with a 2010 Census population of 2,755), Stewartsville (with 349 residents in 2010) and Upper Stewartsville (2010 population of 212) are unincorporated communities and census-designated places (CDPs) located within the township.
Other unincorporated communities, localities and place names located partially or completely within the township include Coopersville, Kennedy Mills, Port Warren and Still Valley.
Greenwich Township borders the municipalities of Franklin Township, Lopatcong Township and Pohatcong Township in Warren County; and Bloomsbury in Hunterdon County.
Demographics
Census 2010
The Census Bureau's 2006-2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $102,250 (with a margin of error of +/- $16,103) and the median family income was $112,535 (+/- $19,851). Males had a median income of $95,469 (+/- $9,585) versus $60,986 (+/- $7,346) for females. The per capita income for the borough was $37,290 (+/- $3,322). About 1.1% of families and 1.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.2% of those under age 18 and 5.2% of those age 65 or over.
Census 2000
As of the 2000 United States Census there were 4,365 people, 1,421 households, and 1,223 families residing in the township. The population density was 413.6 people per square mile (159.7/km2). There were 1,477 housing units at an average density of 139.9 per square mile (54.1/km2). The racial makeup of the township was 93.26% White, 2.47% African American, 0.27% Native American, 2.22% Asian, 0.07% Pacific Islander, 0.57% from other races, and 1.12% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.80% of the population.
There were 1,421 households, out of which 51.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 79.2% were married couples living together, 4.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 13.9% were non-families. 11.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.07 and the average family size was 3.34.
In the township the population was spread out, with 33.6% under the age of 18, 3.4% from 18 to 24, 38.0% from 25 to 44, 18.7% from 45 to 64, and 6.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.0 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $87,613, and the median income for a family was $92,579. Males had a median income of $69,926 versus $34,934 for females. The per capita income for the township was $32,886. About 1.1% of families and 2.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.5% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over.
Government
Local government
Greenwich Township is governed under the Township form of New Jersey municipal government, one of 141 municipalities (of the 565) statewide that use this form, the second-most commonly used form of government in the state. The Township Committee is comprised of five members, who are elected directly by the voters at-large in partisan elections to serve three-year terms of office on a staggered basis, with either one or two seats coming up for election each year as part of the November general election in a three-year cycle. At an annual reorganization meeting, the Township Committee selects one of its members to serve as Mayor and another as Deputy Mayor.
, members of the Greenwich Township Committee are Mayor Robert M. Barsony (R, term on committee ends December 31, 2022; term as mayor ends 2020), Deputy Mayor Paul Beam (R, term on committee ends 2022; term as deputy mayor ends 2020), Frank Marchetta (R, 2020), Lillian McDermott (R, 2021) and Brad Perrone (R, 2020).
The Township Committee had three vacancies in September 2015, after Tom Callari announced that he was moving out of the township, Joe Tauriello left office after a DUI arrest was made public and Angelo Faillace resigned in protest of the process of selecting a council replacement. With a majority of seats vacant, Governor Chris Christie appointed Bob Barsony, Bill Kanyuck and Will Spencer to fill the three vacant seats. In November 2015, Deputy Mayor Elaine Emiliani resigned from office and was replaced by Frank Marchetta.
Federal, state and county representation
Greenwich Township is located in the 7th Congressional District and is part of New Jersey's 23rd state legislative district. Prior to the 2010 Census, Greenwich Township had been part of the , a change made by the New Jersey Redistricting Commission that took effect in January 2013, based on the results of the November 2012 general elections.
Politics
As of March 23, 2011, there were a total of 3,505 registered voters in Greenwich Township, of which 644 (18.4% vs. 21.5% countywide) were registered as Democrats, 1,474 (42.1% vs. 35.3%) were registered as Republicans and 1,385 (39.5% vs. 43.1%) were registered as Unaffiliated. There were two voters registered to other parties. Among the township's 2010 Census population, 61.4% (vs. 62.3% in Warren County) were registered to vote, including 91.6% of those ages 18 and over (vs. 81.5% countywide).
In the 2012 presidential election, Republican Mitt Romney received 1,415 votes (57.5% vs. 56.0% countywide), ahead of Democrat Barack Obama with 1,002 votes (40.7% vs. 40.8%) and other candidates with 28 votes (1.1% vs. 1.7%), among the 2,462 ballots cast by the township's 3,545 registered voters, for a turnout of 69.4% (vs. 66.7% in Warren County). In the 2008 presidential election, Republican John McCain received 1,448 votes (54.3% vs. 55.2% countywide), ahead of Democrat Barack Obama with 1,156 votes (43.3% vs. 41.4%) and other candidates with 19 votes (0.7% vs. 1.6%), among the 2,667 ballots cast by the township's 3,543 registered voters, for a turnout of 75.3% (vs. 73.4% in Warren County). In the 2004 presidential election, Republican George W. Bush received 1,645 votes (62.0% vs. 61.0% countywide), ahead of Democrat John Kerry with 967 votes (36.4% vs. 37.2%) and other candidates with 35 votes (1.3% vs. 1.3%), among the 2,654 ballots cast by the township's 3,310 registered voters, for a turnout of 80.2% (vs. 76.3% in the whole county).
In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 73.0% of the vote (954 cast), ahead of Democrat Barbara Buono with 24.8% (324 votes), and other candidates with 2.1% (28 votes), among the 1,323 ballots cast by the township's 3,622 registered voters (17 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 36.5%. In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 1,141 votes (66.3% vs. 61.3% countywide), ahead of Democrat Jon Corzine with 401 votes (23.3% vs. 25.7%), Independent Chris Daggett with 140 votes (8.1% vs. 9.8%) and other candidates with 22 votes (1.3% vs. 1.5%), among the 1,720 ballots cast by the township's 3,442 registered voters, yielding a 50.0% turnout (vs. 49.6% in the county).
Education
Students in public school for pre-kindergarten through eighth grade attend the Greenwich Township School District. As of the 2018–19 school year, the district, comprised of two schools, had an enrollment of 686 students and 67.3 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 10.2:1. Schools in the district (with 2018–19 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics) are
Greenwich Elementary School with 426 students in grades pre-kindergarten to 5 and
Stewartsville Middle School with 258 students in grades 6 - 8.
Public school students in ninth through twelfth grades attend Phillipsburg High School in Phillipsburg, which serves students from the Town of Phillipsburg as part of a sending/receiving relationship with the Phillipsburg School District. The high school also serves students from four other sending communities: Alpha, Bloomsbury (in Hunterdon County), Lopatcong Township and Pohatcong Township. As of the 2018–19 school year, the high school had an enrollment of 2,324 students and 197.5 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 11.8:1.
Students from the township and from all of Warren County are eligible to attend Ridge and Valley Charter School in Frelinghuysen Township (for grades K-8) or Warren County Technical School in Washington borough (for 9-12), with special education services provided by local districts supplemented throughout the county by the Warren County Special Services School District in Oxford Township (for PreK-12).
Transportation
, the township had a total of of roadways, of which were maintained by the municipality, by Warren County, by the New Jersey Department of Transportation and by the New Jersey Turnpike Authority.
Greenwich is accessible from Interstate, U.S. State and County roads. Interstate 78 passes through in the central area while U.S. Route 22 runs along the western border before running concurrent with I-78. Route 57 passes through in the north and Route 173's western end starts at the western municipal border at I-78/US 22.
County Road 519 travels through the western corner for a short distance while County Road 579 passes through very briefly in the south before terminating at Route 173.
A small part of the Norfolk Southern Railway's Lehigh Line (formerly the mainline of the Lehigh Valley Railroad), runs through the southern part of Greenwich Township on its way to Phillipsburg, New Jersey.
Notable people
People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Greenwich Township include:
Orange Cassidy (born 1984), professional wrestler.
Henry Green (1828-1900), Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania.
William Maxwell (1733-1796), brigadier general in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War.
References
External links
Greenwich Township website
History of Greenwich, New Jersey
1798 establishments in New Jersey
Populated places established in 1798
Township form of New Jersey government
Townships in Warren County, New Jersey | [
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125810 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hackettstown%2C%20New%20Jersey | Hackettstown, New Jersey | Hackettstown is a town in Warren County, in the state of New Jersey, United States. The town is located in the easternmost region of the Lehigh Valley.
As of the 2010 United States Census, the town's population was 9,724. reflecting a decline of 679 (-6.5%) from the 10,403 counted in the 2000 Census.
Hackettstown was incorporated as a town by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on March 9, 1853, from portions of Independence Township. Portions of territory were exchanged with Mansfield Township in 1857, 1860, 1872 and 1875.
History
Founding
William Johnson (1817 - 1891) was a prime contributor to the incorporation of the town in 1853. He and his brother George (1815 - 1889) were successful merchants in the town beginning in 1839 when they began operating the W.L. & G.W Johnson dry good store. The two men were very active in community affairs. George was a member of First Presbyterian Church, a director of the Hackettstown National Bank, and a member of the Hackettstown Water Board. Both men were involved in the establishment of the Union Cemetery.
Hackettstown was named after Samuel Hackett, an early settler and large landowner. Hackett is said to have "contributed liberally to the liquid refreshments on the christening of a new hotel, in order to secure the name which, before this, had been Helms' Mills or Musconetcong".
Tillie Smith murder case
In 1886, Tillie Smith, a 19-year-old kitchen worker from a poverty-stricken family, was raped, murdered and left lying in an open field on the campus of the Centenary Collegiate Institute, where she worked. James Titus, a janitor at the school, was tried and convicted of the rape and murder, based on circumstantial evidence and public opinion shaped by yellow journalism. Titus was sentenced to hang, but he signed a confession and served 19 years of hard labor. He lived from 1904 to 1952 in Hackettstown among many of the same residents who championed his conviction, the validity of which remains controversial. The killing remains a popular local legend, inspiring several books, Weird NJ magazine articles, theatrical performances and dark tourism ghost tours.
20th century
The Hackettstown State Fish Hatchery, a popular tourist destination, was established in 1912.
In 1925, a train wreck just outside of town killed about 50 people and injured about 50 others en route to Hoboken, New Jersey from Chicago, Illinois. The derailment involved a Lackawanna Railroad train and occurred at the Hazen Road grade crossing near Rockport Road at approximately 3:30AM, as a result of debris washed downhill by a storm fouling the road crossing. The event made national headlines and stands as the deadliest event in Warren County history.
Fund-raising campaigns for a new hospital started as early as 1945, supported and organized by local civic and business groups including Kiwanis, Unico International, PTA and others, a large donation by the Seventh Day Adventists and a grant from the United States Public Health Service, the 106-bed Hackettstown Community Hospital was established in 1973.
In 1977, a mass shooting occurred in the town when a 20-year-old graduate of Hackettstown High School and former U.S. Marine, Emil Pierre Benoist, took random shots at passing cars over the course of about four hours and shot and killed six people, before turning his sniper rifle on himself.
21st Century
Hackettstown was named #72 of the top 100 towns in the United States to Live and Work In by Money Magazine in 2005; it has not been included since.
In 2011, the town council proclaimed a sister city relationship with Hacketstown, Ireland.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town had a total area of 3.71 square miles (9.61 km2), including 3.61 square miles (9.35 km2) of land and 0.10 square miles (0.26 km2) of water (2.67%). The town is located in a valley along the banks of the Musconetcong River.
Upper Pohatcong Mountain extends northeast of Washington approximately .
Unincorporated communities, localities and place names located partially or completely within the town include Warren Furnace.
Hackettstown borders the townships of Washington (Morris County) to the southeast, Mansfield to the southwest, Allamuchy to the north, Mount Olive to the northeast, and Independence to the west.
Demographics
Census 2010
The Census Bureau's 2006-2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $62,215 (with a margin of error of +/- $6,907) and the median family income was $82,216 (+/- $10,611). Males had a median income of $51,489 (+/- $5,850) versus $41,822 (+/- $5,248) for females. The per capita income for the borough was $29,433 (+/- $2,122). About 4.4% of families and 7.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.4% of those under age 18 and 6.4% of those age 65 or over.
Census 2000
As of the 2000 United States Census there were 10,403 people, 4,134 households, and 2,530 families residing in the town. The population density was 2,809.5 people per square mile (1,085.6/km2). There were 4,347 housing units at an average density of 1,174.0 per square mile (453.6/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 90.25% White, 2.18% African American, 0.12% Native American, 2.91% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 2.00% from other races, and 2.47% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 8.01% of the population.
There were 4,134 households, out of which 30.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.0% were married couples living together, 9.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.8% were non-families. 31.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.41 and the average family size was 3.10.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 22.7% under the age of 18, 10.0% from 18 to 24, 33.9% from 25 to 44, 21.2% from 45 to 64, and 12.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.6 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $51,955, and the median income for a family was $64,383. Males had a median income of $44,420 versus $31,110 for females. The per capita income for the town was $24,742. About 2.3% of families and 4.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.9% of those under age 18 and 7.1% of those age 65 or over.
Economy
Hackettstown houses the US headquarters of Mars Wrigley Confectionary, a business segment of Mars, Incorporated, makers of Milky Way, Mars, M&M's, Twix and Snickers.
Sports
The roller derby team Skyland Roller Girls, founded in 2008, bouted out of Excel Roller Skating Center in Hackettstown until it closed in late 2011.
Half of the roller skating center was used as an indoor sports facility called Hackettstown Indoor Sports Academy from 2014–2015.
The Jersey Express, a team in the American Basketball Association moved to Hackettstown in late 2012 and played in the gym at Centenary College.
Hackettstown High School is known for its sports teams, collectively known as the Tigers. The group recently moved into the Northwest Jersey Athletic Conference.
The Centenary University sports teams are known as the Cyclones.
Government
Local government
The Town of Hackettstown operates under a mayor-council form of government that was created by a special charter adopted by the New Jersey Legislature and approved by the voters in 1970. The town is one of 11 municipalities (of the 565) statewide that operate under a special charter. The town's governing body is comprised of a strong mayor who serves a three-year term of office and six councilpersons who are elected at large to three-year terms of office on a staggered basis, with two seats up for election each year. The mayor is the town's chief executive officer, overseeing its day-to-day operation and presenting an annual budget. The council is the town's legislative body. The mayor attends town council meetings, but may only vote in the event of a tie. The mayor may veto ordinances passed by the council, which can be overridden with the votes of four council members.
, the mayor of Hackettstown is Republican, Gerald DiMaio Jr. whose term of office ends December 31, 2023. The members of the Hackettstown Town Council are Jody Becker (R, 2021), Matthew Engelau (R, 2022), Leonard Kunz (R, 2023), Jessica Westgate (R, 2022), Scott Sheldon (R, 2021), Eric Tynan (R, 2023).
James Lambo was selected from a list of three candidates nominated by the Republican municipal committee to fill a vacant seat. The seat, which expired in December 2018, was vacated by William Conforti in August 2016, after his announcement that he was moving out of the municipality. Lambo served on an interim basis until the November 2016 general election during which he was elected to serve the balance of the term of office.
Federal, state and county representation
Hackettstown is located in New Jersey's 5th congressional district and is part of the 23rd state legislative district.
Politics
As of March 23, 2011, there were a total of 5,410 registered voters in Hackettstown, of which 1,169 (21.6% vs. 21.5% countywide) were registered as Democrats, 1,764 (32.6% vs. 35.3%) were registered as Republicans and 2,468 (45.6% vs. 43.1%) were registered as Unaffiliated. There were 9 voters registered to other parties. Among the town's 2010 Census population, 55.6% (vs. 62.3% in Warren County) were registered to vote, including 69.8% of those ages 18 and over (vs. 81.5% countywide).
In the 2012 presidential election, Republican Mitt Romney received 1,973 votes (52.2% vs. 56.0% countywide), ahead of Democrat Barack Obama with 1,661 votes (44.0% vs. 40.8%) and other candidates with 77 votes (2.0% vs. 1.7%), among the 3,777 ballots cast by the town's 5,516 registered voters, for a turnout of 68.5% (vs. 66.7% in Warren County). In the 2008 presidential election, Republican John McCain received 2,090 votes (52.7% vs. 55.2% countywide), ahead of Democrat Barack Obama with 1,724 votes (43.4% vs. 41.4%) and other candidates with 64 votes (1.6% vs. 1.6%), among the 3,969 ballots cast by the town's 5,437 registered voters, for a turnout of 73.0% (vs. 73.4% in Warren County). In the 2004 presidential election, Republican George W. Bush received 2,368 votes (60.3% vs. 61.0% countywide), ahead of Democrat John Kerry with 1,492 votes (38.0% vs. 37.2%) and other candidates with 48 votes (1.2% vs. 1.3%), among the 3,928 ballots cast by the town's 5,241 registered voters, for a turnout of 74.9% (vs. 76.3% in the whole county).
In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 72.5% of the vote (1,543 cast), ahead of Democrat Barbara Buono with 25.6% (545 votes), and other candidates with 1.9% (41 votes), among the 2,166 ballots cast by the town's 5,608 registered voters (37 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 38.6%. In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 1,547 votes (61.1% vs. 61.3% countywide), ahead of Democrat Jon Corzine with 662 votes (26.1% vs. 25.7%), Independent Chris Daggett with 250 votes (9.9% vs. 9.8%) and other candidates with 30 votes (1.2% vs. 1.5%), among the 2,533 ballots cast by the town's 5,321 registered voters, yielding a 47.6% turnout (vs. 49.6% in the county).
Education
The Hackettstown School District serves students in kindergarten through twelfth grade. The district serves students in four schools: two elementary schools (covering K-4), a middle school (5-8), and a four-year high school (9-12). As of the 2019–20 school year, the district, comprised of four schools, had an enrollment of 1,975 students and 170.5 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 11.6:1. Schools in the district (with 2019–20 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics) are
Hatchery Hill School with 299 students in grades K-1,
Willow Grove School with 340 students in grades 2-4,
Hackettstown Middle School with 457 students in grades 5-8 and
Hackettstown High School with 864 students in grades 9-12. Students from the townships of Allamuchy, Independence, and Liberty, attend the district's high school as part of sending/receiving relationships. For the 2001-02 school year, Hackettstown Middle School was recognized with the National Blue Ribbon Award of Excellence from the United States Department of Education, the highest honor that an American school can achieve.
Students from the town and from all of Warren County are eligible to attend Ridge and Valley Charter School in Frelinghuysen Township (for grades K-8) or Warren County Technical School in Washington borough (for 9-12), with special education services provided by local districts supplemented throughout the county by the Warren County Special Services School District in Oxford Township (for PreK-12).
Centenary University, a private college affiliated with the United Methodist Church, was founded in 1867 and received approval in 1995 to grant master's degrees.
Media
WXPJ, 91.9 on the FM dial - Centenary University radio.
WRNJ, at 1510 on the AM dial, is licensed to Hackettstown. It is also simulcast on FM translators on FM 92.7, FM 104.7, and FM 105.7.
The main office for The Warren Reporter, a free weekly newspaper delivered to 42,000 households in Warren County, is on East Moore Street.
Transportation
Roads and highways
, the town had a total of of roadways, of which were maintained by the municipality, by Warren County and by the New Jersey Department of Transportation.
Passing through Hackettstown are U.S. Route 46, Route 57, and County Route 517. Route 182 exists completely within the boundaries of Hackettstown. Interstate 80 runs to the north of the town.
Public transportation
The Hackettstown station is the western terminus of the NJ Transit Morristown Line and the Montclair-Boonton Line, which both provide service to Hoboken Terminal with connections to Pennsylvania Station in Midtown Manhattan via Midtown Direct trains. New Jersey Transit bus service used to be provided on the MCM5 and 973 local routes before they were discontinued.
Warren County operates a shuttle along Route 57 to Washington Township that operates on an hourly loop on weekdays, with connections available to a shuttle to Phillipsburg.
Airports
Hackettstown is located from Newark Liberty International Airport in Newark / Elizabeth. Lehigh Valley International Airport, near Allentown, Pennsylvania, is away.
Hackettstown Airport, a small general aviation airport with the official database designation of is located in adjoining Mansfield Township, only a few hundred yards from the municipal border with Hackettstown proper.
Points of interest
Hackettstown Historical Society Museum, 106 Church Street
Jacob C. Allen House, 206 West Moore Street, listed on the National Register of Historic Places
First Presbyterian Church of Hackettstown, 291 Main Street
Hackettstown Free Public Library, 110 Church Street
Hackettstown Community Center, 293 Main Street
Notable people
People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Hackettstown include:
Abraham H. Albertson (1872-1964), one of Seattle's most prominent architects of the first half of the 20th century.
John D. Bulkeley (1911-1996) Vice Admiral in the United States Navy, Medal of Honor winner, PT boat skipper who evacuated General Douglas MacArthur from Corregidor.
Bette Cooper (born 1920), Miss America 1937.
Jim Courter (born 1941), former Member of Congress.
Jonathan Townley Crane (1819-1880), clergyman, author, abolitionist, father of Stephen Crane, founder of Centenary Collegiate Institute.
Christina Desiderio (born 2000), artistic gymnast.
John DiMaio (born 1955), member of the New Jersey General Assembly who served as mayor of Hackettstown from 1991 to 1999.
Brian Fallon (born 1980), lead singer for The Gaslight Anthem / The Horrible Crowes.
John Clifford Heed (1862–1908), composer and musician, best known for composing over 60 marches.
Kenneth Hopper (born 1926), engineer.
Izetta Jewel (1883-1978), born Izetta Jewel Kenney, actress and women's rights activist.
Cole Kimball (born 1985), pitcher who has played for the Washington Nationals.
William Logan (1914-2002), cyclist who competed in the tandem and team pursuit events at the 1936 Summer Olympics.
Kristen Maloney (born 1981), former gymnastics Olympian.
Naked Cowboy (stage name of Robert John Burck, born 1970), street performer and 2012 Presidential candidate.
Louis F. Post (1849-1928), journalist, lawyer, author, former US Attorney, former Assistant United States Secretary of Labor during the Wilson administration.
The Semonski Sisters, family musical act that appeared on television's The Lawrence Welk Show from 1975 to 1977.
Jimmi Simpson (born 1975), Emmy nominated film and television actor.
Joe Stanowicz (1921-1999), football player who attended the United States Military Academy where he played at the guard position for the Army Black Knights football team.
George Theodore Werts (1846-1910), Governor of New Jersey (1893-1896).
References
External links
Hackettstown website
1853 establishments in New Jersey
Populated places established in 1853
Special Charters in New Jersey
Towns in Warren County, New Jersey | [
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125811 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardwick%20Township%2C%20New%20Jersey | Hardwick Township, New Jersey | Hardwick Township is a township in Warren County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the township's population was 1,696, reflecting an increase of 232 (+15.8%) from the 1,464 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 209 (+16.7%) from the 1,255 counted in the 1990 Census.
The township, and all of Warren County, is part of the Lehigh Valley metropolitan statistical area.
History
Hardwick Township was created around 1713 through a royal patent. The township was created by Royal charter on January 22, 1750, from Greenwich Township, while the area was part of Morris County. It became part of the newly created Sussex County on June 8, 1753. Parts of Hardwick Township were taken on November 11, 1782, to form Independence Township. Hardwick Township was incorporated as a township by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on February 21, 1798. On November 20, 1824, most of Hardwick Township was transferred to form part of Warren County, with the remainder staying in Sussex County as parts of Green Township and Stillwater Township, which were both created as of December 27, 1824. Frelinghuysen Township was created March 7, 1848, from portions of the township. The township was named for Philip Yorke, 1st Earl of Hardwicke.
The now-defunct Pahaquarry Township was dissolved and absorbed by Hardwick Township on July 2, 1997. Pahaquarry Township had been created on March 14, 1825, and received its name from the word "Pahaquarra", which was a derivation of the Native American word Pahaqualong used by the Lenape meaning "termination of two mountains" (describing the mountain or mountainous area that was the area's southern border) or "the place between the mountains beside the waters".
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township had a total area of 38.94 square miles (100.85 km2), including 37.53 square miles (97.19 km2) of land and 1.42 square miles (3.66 km2) of water (3.63%). The part of the township east of the Kittatinny Ridge (the part excluding the now defunct Pahaquarry Township) is located in the Kittatinny Valley which is a section of the Great Appalachian Valley that stretches for from Canada to Alabama. The defunct Pahaquarry section of the Township which borders the Delaware River is located in the Minisink Valley that extends from the Delaware Water Gap north to Port Jervis, New York.
Unincorporated communities, localities and place names located partially or completely within the township include Bass Lake, Franklin Grove, Hardwick, Hardwick Center, Millbrook, Newbakers Corner, Sand Pond, Squares Corner and White Pond.
Sunfish Pond is a glacial lake surrounded by a hardwood forest located on the Kittatinny Ridge within Worthington State Forest, adjacent to the Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area. The Appalachian Trail runs alongside the western and northern edges of the lake, which was created by the Wisconsin Glacier during the last ice age. The lake was declared a National Natural Landmark in January 1970.
Camp Ralph S. Mason is a YMCA, established in 1900, that covers adjacent to the Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area that serves approximately 800 campers in its summer camp programs and 7,000 participants at its outdoor center.
The Pahaquarry Copper Mine is an abandoned copper mine. Active mining was attempted for brief periods during the mid-eighteenth, mid-nineteenth, and early twentieth centuries but was never successful. The site is administered by the National Park Service.
Hardwick Township borders the municipalities of Blairstown, Frelinghuysen Township and Knowlton Township in Warren County; and Stillwater Township and Walpack Township in Sussex County.
Demographics
The Township's economic data (as is all of Warren County) is calculated by the US Census Bureau as part of the Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Census 2010
The Census Bureau's 2006-2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $96,094 (with a margin of error of +/- $6,827) and the median family income was $105,469 (+/- $14,654). Males had a median income of $77,045 (+/- $8,432) versus $46,667 (+/- $3,953) for females. The per capita income for the borough was $38,377 (+/- $5,353). About 3.0% of families and 3.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.3% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over.
Census 2000
As of the 2000 United States Census there were 1,464 people, 502 households, and 410 families residing in the township. The population density was 40.1 people per square mile (15.5/km2). There were 530 housing units at an average density of 14.5 per square mile (5.6/km2). The racial makeup of the township was 97.06% White, 0.61% African American, 0.07% Native American, 0.41% Asian, 0.89% from other races, and 0.96% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.32% of the population.
There were 502 households, out of which 38.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 74.3% were married couples living together, 5.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 18.3% were non-families. 13.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.85 and the average family size was 3.15.
In the township the population was spread out, with 26.6% under the age of 18, 5.2% from 18 to 24, 29.1% from 25 to 44, 29.5% from 45 to 64, and 9.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.1 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $72,167, and the median income for a family was $76,111. Males had a median income of $56,000 versus $31,875 for females. The per capita income for the township was $30,038. About 0.5% of families and 2.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 0.5% of those under age 18 and 2.2% of those age 65 or over.
Government
Local government
Hardwick Township is governed under the Township form of New Jersey municipal government, one of 141 municipalities (of the 565) statewide that use this form, the second-most commonly used form of government in the state. The governing body is comprised of a three-member Township Committee, whose members are elected directly by the voters at-large in partisan elections to serve three-year terms of office on a staggered basis, with one seat coming up for election each year as part of the November general election in a three-year cycle. At an annual reorganization meeting, the Township Committee selects one of its members to serve as Mayor and another as Deputy Mayor.
members of the Hardwick Township Committee are Mayor Kevin Duffy (R), term on committee ends December 31, 2021; term as mayor ends 2020), Deputy Mayor Alfred Carrazzone (R, term on committee and as deputy mayor ends 2020) and James Perry (R, 2022).
Federal, state and county representation
Hardwick Township is located in the 5th Congressional District and is part of New Jersey's 24th state legislative district. Prior to the 2011 reapportionment following the 2010 Census, Hardwick Township had been in the 23rd state legislative district.
Politics
As of March 23, 2011, there were a total of 1,097 registered voters in Hardwick Township, of which 195 (17.8% vs. 21.5% countywide) were registered as Democrats, 480 (43.8% vs. 35.3%) were registered as Republicans and 422 (38.5% vs. 43.1%) were registered as Unaffiliated. There were no voters registered to other parties. Among the township's 2010 Census population, 64.7% (vs. 62.3% in Warren County) were registered to vote, including 86.0% of those ages 18 and over (vs. 81.5% countywide).
In the 2012 presidential election, Republican Mitt Romney received 446 votes (59.9% vs. 56.0% countywide), ahead of Democrat Barack Obama with 267 votes (35.8% vs. 40.8%) and other candidates with 18 votes (2.4% vs. 1.7%), among the 745 ballots cast by the township's 1,123 registered voters, for a turnout of 66.3% (vs. 66.7% in Warren County). In the 2008 presidential election, Republican John McCain received 473 votes (57.9% vs. 55.2% countywide), ahead of Democrat Barack Obama with 310 votes (37.9% vs. 41.4%) and other candidates with 17 votes (2.1% vs. 1.6%), among the 817 ballots cast by the township's 1,075 registered voters, for a turnout of 76.0% (vs. 73.4% in Warren County). In the 2004 presidential election, Republican George W. Bush received 536 votes (65.7% vs. 61.0% countywide), ahead of Democrat John Kerry with 272 votes (33.3% vs. 37.2%) and other candidates with 5 votes (0.6% vs. 1.3%), among the 816 ballots cast by the township's 1,019 registered voters, for a turnout of 80.1% (vs. 76.3% in the whole county).
In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 72.9% of the vote (299 cast), ahead of Democrat Barbara Buono with 24.9% (102 votes), and other candidates with 2.2% (9 votes), among the 427 ballots cast by the township's 1,141 registered voters (17 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 37.4%. In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 343 votes (61.4% vs. 61.3% countywide), ahead of Democrat Jon Corzine with 151 votes (27.0% vs. 25.7%), Independent Chris Daggett with 46 votes (8.2% vs. 9.8%) and other candidates with 16 votes (2.9% vs. 1.5%), among the 559 ballots cast by the township's 1,065 registered voters, yielding a 52.5% turnout (vs. 49.6% in the county).
Education
For kindergarten through sixth grade, public school students attend Blairstown Elementary School in Blairstown Township as part of the Blairstown Township School District. The Hardwick Township Board of Education was dissolved and merged into the Blairstown district as of July 1, 2009. The tax levies for the 2009-10 year were left unchanged, with the tax levy for subsequent years apportioned based 78.8% on enrollment and 21.2% on the equalized value of property on the two municipalities. As of the 2018–19 school year, the district, comprised of one school, had an enrollment of 466 students and 46.7 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 10.0:1.
Students in seventh through twelfth grades for public school attend the North Warren Regional High School in Blairstown, a public secondary high school that also serves students from the townships of Blairstown, Frelinghuysen and Knowlton. As of the 2018–19 school year, the high school had an enrollment of 799 students and 77.6 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 10.3:1. Seats on the high school district's nine-member board of education are allocated based on the population of the constituent municipalities, with one seat allocated to Hardwick Township.
Students from the township and from all of Warren County are eligible to attend Ridge and Valley Charter School in Frelinghuysen Township (for grades K-8, with Hardwick residents granted admissions priority) or Warren County Technical School in Washington borough (for 9-12), with special education services provided by local districts supplemented throughout the county by the Warren County Special Services School District in Oxford Township (for PreK-12).
Transportation
, the township had a total of of roadways, of which were maintained by the municipality, by Warren County, by the New Jersey Department of Transportation and by the Delaware River Joint Toll Bridge Commission.
The only major roads that pass through are County Route 521 in the eastern part and Interstate 80 in the very west. The portion of I-80 also includes part of the Delaware Water Gap Toll Bridge which connects to Pennsylvania.
Old Mine Road, a scenic road that runs along the Delaware River, is said to be among the oldest roads in the Northeast used for the business purposes. It originates in Hardwick at I-80 and continues to the northeast into Walpack Township.
Popular culture
The original Friday the 13th movie was filmed at Hardwick's local Boy Scout Camp, No-Be-Bo-Sco.
Notable people
People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Hardwick Township include:
John Linn (1763–1821), member of the United States House of Representatives from New Jersey from 1817 to 1821.
Benjamin Lundy (1789–1839), Quaker abolitionist.
Lou Reed (1942–2013), rock performer.
References
External links
Hardwick Township Official Website
1750 establishments in New Jersey
Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area
New Jersey District Factor Group none
Populated places established in 1750
Township form of New Jersey government
Townships in Warren County, New Jersey
New Jersey populated places on the Delaware River | [
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125812 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmony%20Township%2C%20New%20Jersey | Harmony Township, New Jersey | Harmony Township is a township located in the far eastern region of the Lehigh Valley in Warren County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the township's population was 2,667, reflecting a decline of 62 (-2.3%) from the 2,729 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 76 (+2.9%) from the 2,653 counted in the 1990 Census.
Harmony was incorporated as a township by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on April 8, 1839, from portions of Greenwich Township and Oxford Township, based on the results of a referendum held that day. Phillipsburg Township was created March 7, 1851, from portions of the township. The township was named for Harmon Shipman, an early settler.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, Harmony township had a total area of 24.13 square miles (62.49 km2), including 23.75 square miles (61.51 km2) of land and 0.38 square miles (0.98 km2) of water (1.56%).
Brainards (with a 2010 Census population of 202), Harmony CDP (441) and Hutchinson (135) are unincorporated communities and census-designated places (CDPs) located within the township.
Other unincorporated communities, localities and place names located partially or completely within the township include Allens Mills, Harmony Station, Lower Harmony, Martins Creek Station, Montana and Roxburg.
The township borders the Warren County municipalities of Franklin Township, Lopatcong Township and White Township.
Demographics
The Township's economic data (as is all of Warren County) is calculated by the US Census Bureau as part of the Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Census 2010
The Census Bureau's 2006-2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $82,339 (with a margin of error of +/- $7,992) and the median family income was $86,964 (+/- $11,141). Males had a median income of $60,489 (+/- $4,798) versus $53,100 (+/- $11,618) for females. The per capita income for the borough was $34,985 (+/- $4,062). About 0.7% of families and 1.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 0.5% of those under age 18 and 1.7% of those age 65 or over.
Census 2000
As of the 2000 United States Census there were 2,729 people, 1,010 households, and 786 families residing in the township. The population density was 114.6 people per square mile (44.3/km2). There were 1,076 housing units at an average density of 45.2 per square mile (17.4/km2). The racial makeup of the township was 97.91% White, 0.70% African American, 0.07% Native American, 0.40% Asian, 0.18% from other races, and 0.73% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.28% of the population.
There were 1,010 households, out of which 34.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 66.3% were married couples living together, 7.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.1% were non-families. 17.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.68 and the average family size was 3.05.
In the township the population was spread out, with 24.1% under the age of 18, 5.2% from 18 to 24, 30.6% from 25 to 44, 26.2% from 45 to 64, and 13.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.2 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $60,977, and the median income for a family was $64,196. Males had a median income of $49,375 versus $28,750 for females. The per capita income for the township was $25,776. About 2.8% of families and 4.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.9% of those under age 18 and 5.3% of those age 65 or over.
Government
Local government
Harmony Township is governed under the Township form of New Jersey municipal government, one of 141 municipalities (of the 565) statewide that use this form, the second-most commonly used form of government in the state. The governing body is comprised of a three-member Township Committee, whose members are elected directly by the voters at-large in partisan elections to serve three-year terms of office on a staggered basis, with one seat coming up for election each year as part of the November general election in a three-year cycle. At an annual reorganization meeting, the Township Committee selects one of its members to serve as Mayor.
, members of the Harmony Township Committee are Mayor Brian R. Tipton (R, term on committee ends December 31, 2024; term as mayor ends 2022), Deputy Mayor Diane Yamrock (R, term on committee ends 2023; term as deputy mayor ends 2022) and Richard T. Cornely (R, 2022).
Federal, state and county representation
Harmony Township is located in the 7th Congressional District and is part of New Jersey's 23rd state legislative district. Prior to the 2010 Census, Harmony Township had been part of the , a change made by the New Jersey Redistricting Commission that took effect in January 2013, based on the results of the November 2012 general elections.
Politics
As of March 23, 2011, there were a total of 1,802 registered voters in Harmony Township, of which 333 (18.5% vs. 21.5% countywide) were registered as Democrats, 786 (43.6% vs. 35.3%) were registered as Republicans and 683 (37.9% vs. 43.1%) were registered as Unaffiliated. There were no voters registered to other parties. Among the township's 2010 Census population, 67.6% (vs. 62.3% in Warren County) were registered to vote, including 85.5% of those ages 18 and over (vs. 81.5% countywide).
In the 2012 presidential election, Republican Mitt Romney received 702 votes (58.9% vs. 56.0% countywide), ahead of Democrat Barack Obama with 442 votes (37.1% vs. 40.8%) and other candidates with 24 votes (2.0% vs. 1.7%), among the 1,192 ballots cast by the township's 1,826 registered voters, for a turnout of 65.3% (vs. 66.7% in Warren County). In the 2008 presidential election, Republican John McCain received 805 votes (59.9% vs. 55.2% countywide), ahead of Democrat Barack Obama with 486 votes (36.1% vs. 41.4%) and other candidates with 33 votes (2.5% vs. 1.6%), among the 1,345 ballots cast by the township's 1,824 registered voters, for a turnout of 73.7% (vs. 73.4% in Warren County). In the 2004 presidential election, Republican George W. Bush received 798 votes (61.6% vs. 61.0% countywide), ahead of Democrat John Kerry with 479 votes (37.0% vs. 37.2%) and other candidates with 14 votes (1.1% vs. 1.3%), among the 1,296 ballots cast by the township's 1,713 registered voters, for a turnout of 75.7% (vs. 76.3% in the whole county).
In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 75.9% of the vote (536 cast), ahead of Democrat Barbara Buono with 21.4% (151 votes), and other candidates with 2.7% (19 votes), among the 717 ballots cast by the township's 1,844 registered voters (11 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 38.9%. In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 543 votes (63.7% vs. 61.3% countywide), ahead of Democrat Jon Corzine with 197 votes (23.1% vs. 25.7%), Independent Chris Daggett with 84 votes (9.9% vs. 9.8%) and other candidates with 11 votes (1.3% vs. 1.5%), among the 852 ballots cast by the township's 1,800 registered voters, yielding a 47.3% turnout (vs. 49.6% in the county).
Education
The Harmony Township School District serves students in public school for pre-kindergarten through eighth grade at Harmony Township School. As of the 2018–19 school year, the district, comprised of one school, had an enrollment of 243 students and 33.0 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 7.4:1. In 2006, a Harmony student won the state spelling bee becoming the first Harmony student ever to accomplish that task and advance to the Scripps National Spelling Bee.
Public school students in ninth through twelfth grades from Harmony, Hope and White Townships attend Belvidere High School as part of sending/receiving relationships with the Belvidere School District. As of the 2018–19 school year, the high school had an enrollment of 420 students and 38.3 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 11.0:1.
Students from the township and from all of Warren County are eligible to attend Ridge and Valley Charter School in Frelinghuysen Township (for grades K-8) or Warren County Technical School in Washington borough (for 9-12), with special education services provided by local districts supplemented throughout the county by the Warren County Special Services School District in Oxford Township (for PreK-12).
Transportation
, the township had a total of of roadways, of which were maintained by the municipality and by Warren County.
The only major road that traverses Harmony is CR 519, which leads to U.S. Route 22 to the south and U.S. Route 46 to the north.
The closest limited access road is Interstate 78 which is in neighboring Greenwich and Franklin.
Notable people
People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Harmony Township include:
Elena Seiple (born 1973), bodybuilder and strongwoman.
Robert A. Seiple (born 1942), non-profit executive, former military officer, university administrator, and diplomat, who served as the first United States Ambassador-at-Large for International Religious Freedom.
Surrounding communities
References
External links
Harmony Township website
1839 establishments in New Jersey
Populated places established in 1839
Township form of New Jersey government
Townships in Warren County, New Jersey
New Jersey populated places on the Delaware River | [
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125814 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hope%20Township%2C%20New%20Jersey | Hope Township, New Jersey | Hope Township is a township in Warren County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the township's population was 1,952, reflecting an increase of 61 (+3.2%) from the 1,891 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 172 (+10.0%) from the 1,719 counted in the 1990 Census. The 2010 Census population marked the first decennial census in which the township's population exceeded the 1,903 recorded in the 1840 Census, the first recorded population after the township was formed.
The township, and all of Warren County, is part of the Lehigh Valley metropolitan statistical area.
Hope Township was incorporated as a township by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on April 8, 1839, from portions of Knowlton Township and Oxford Township, based on the results of a referendum held that day. Liberty Township was created on March 25, 1926, from portions of the township.
History
Hope Township is one of the earliest planned communities in the United States, having been established by German Moravians in 1769. They knew what they wanted to achieve, which is shown on several early planning maps, which detail streets, homes, wells, businesses, farms, a school, tavern and church.
Prior to the arrival of the Moravians, there was no distinct town, but several families farmed on Jenny Jump Mountain, to the south of Hope, in surrounding area and on John Samuel Green Jr.'s farm in the center of what is now the Village. Throughout the 1760s, Moravians from Bethlehem, Pennsylvania traveled through this area on their way to New England to establish new communities. They lodged overnight with the Green Family who were impressed with their religion and way of life.
The Moravians were a religious group whose formal name was the "Unitas Fratrum" or Unity of the Brethren. They were followers of Jan Hus, the reformer from Prague who protested against the Roman Catholic Church in 1415 and was finally burned at the stake for his rebellion. These followers continued to practice his views in Moravia and Bohemia in what is now the Czech Republic, hence the common name "The Moravians". In the late 17th century this group began to be persecuted and sought shelter away from Bohemia. Count Nicolas Ludwig von Zinzendorf offered them refuge on his lands east of Dresden, Germany, and provided a base for them to regroup and pursue their religion. That settlement which remains as the center of the worldwide Moravian religion is called Herrnhut or "The Lord's Watch" inhabitants were not only "under the Lord's watchful care" but were also to be "on watch for the Lord". With the support of Count von Zinzendorf, the Church established over 200 missionary settlements.
After a formal survey of the Village completed on November 26, 1774, the community was officially accepted by The Moravian Church and the name was changed by drawing lots on February 8, 1775, from Greenland to Hope. The name derives from the "hope of immortality" of the early Moravian settlers.
After almost 40 years of the Moravian "experiment" in Hope, the community was sold and almost all of the Moravians returned to Bethlehem or Nazareth, Pennsylvania. The basic reason for closing the community was that it was never self-supporting and had declined from its height of population of 147 to under 100 people by the early 19th century. The Church in Germany could no longer subsidize such a small village. Moravians worldwide were selling possessions and even some other entire communities to pay off debts incurred years earlier by Count von Zinzendorf, who heavily mortgaged his lands to give them opportunity back in Germany. Disease and a competitive gristmill also contributed to Moravian Hope's decline.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township had a total area of 18.29 square miles (47.38 km2), including 18.08 square miles (46.83 km2) of land and 0.21 square miles (0.55 km2) of water (1.15%). The township is located in the Kittatinny Valley which is a section of the Great Appalachian Valley that stretches from Canada to Alabama.
Hope CDP (with a 2010 Census population of 195), Mount Hermon (141) and Silver Lake (368) are unincorporated communities and census-designated places (CDPs) located within the township.
Other unincorporated communities, localities and place names located partially or completely within the township include:
Feebletown
Locust Lake
Mount Herman
Swayzes Mill
The township borders the Warren County municipalities of Blairstown Township, Frelinghusen Township, Knowlton Township, Liberty Township and White Township.
Demographics
The Township's economic data (as is all of Warren County) is calculated by the US Census Bureau as part of the Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Census 2010
The Census Bureau's 2006-2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $75,107 (with a margin of error of +/- $5,302) and the median family income was $81,204 (+/- $7,973). Males had a median income of $59,141 (+/- $10,502) versus $52,574 (+/- $25,011) for females. The per capita income for the borough was $29,283 (+/- $2,988). About 4.8% of families and 5.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.3% of those under age 18 and 0.8% of those age 65 or over.
Census 2000
As of the 2000 United States Census there were 1,891 people, 697 households, and 538 families residing in the township. The population density was 102.2 people per square mile (39.5/km2). There were 747 housing units at an average density of 40.4 per square mile (15.6/km2). The racial makeup of the township was 98.25% White, 0.42% African American, 0.42% Asian, 0.05% from other races, and 0.85% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.48% of the population.
There were 697 households, out of which 36.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 68.3% were married couples living together, 5.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.7% were non-families. 19.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.71 and the average family size was 3.12.
In the township the population was spread out, with 26.4% under the age of 18, 4.7% from 18 to 24, 29.7% from 25 to 44, 28.1% from 45 to 64, and 11.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.8 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $61,319, and the median income for a family was $68,750. Males had a median income of $48,750 versus $34,038 for females. The per capita income for the township was $27,902. About 1.1% of families and 1.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 1.6% of those under age 18 and 2.5% of those age 65 or over.
Government
Local government
Hope Township is governed under the Township form of New Jersey municipal government, one of 141 municipalities (of the 565) statewide that use this form, the second-most commonly used form of government in the state. The governing body is comprised of a three-member Township Committee, whose members are elected directly by the voters at-large in partisan elections to serve three-year terms of office on a staggered basis, with one seat coming up for election each year as part of the November general election in a three-year cycle. At an annual reorganization meeting, the Township Committee selects one of its members to serve as Mayor and another as Deputy Mayor, each serving in that role for one year.
, the Hope Township Committee is comprised of Mayor Timothy C. McDonough (I, term on committee ends December 31, 2024; term as mayor ends 2022), Deputy Mayor C. John Kruk (R, term on committee and as deputy mayor ends 2022) and Terry Urfer (R, 2023).
Constitutional officers are township clerk, Robin Keggan; chief financial officer, Kathleen Reinalda; tax collector, Stephen Lance; and tax assessor, Richard Motyka.
Federal, state and county representation
Hope Township is located in the 5th Congressional District and is part of New Jersey's 24th state legislative district. Prior to the 2011 reapportionment following the 2010 Census, Hope Township had been in the 23rd state legislative district.
Politics
As of March 23, 2011, there were a total of 1,317 registered voters in Hope Township, of which 248 (18.8% vs. 21.5% countywide) were registered as Democrats, 523 (39.7% vs. 35.3%) were registered as Republicans and 545 (41.4% vs. 43.1%) were registered as Unaffiliated. There was one voter registered to another party. Among the township's 2010 Census population, 67.5% (vs. 62.3% in Warren County) were registered to vote, including 87.2% of those ages 18 and over (vs. 81.5% countywide).
In the 2012 presidential election, Republican Mitt Romney received 566 votes (60.5% vs. 56.0% countywide), ahead of Democrat Barack Obama with 337 votes (36.0% vs. 40.8%) and other candidates with 20 votes (2.1% vs. 1.7%), among the 936 ballots cast by the township's 1,321 registered voters, for a turnout of 70.9% (vs. 66.7% in Warren County). In the 2008 presidential election, Republican John McCain received 628 votes (62.7% vs. 55.2% countywide), ahead of Democrat Barack Obama with 339 votes (33.9% vs. 41.4%) and other candidates with 15 votes (1.5% vs. 1.6%), among the 1,001 ballots cast by the township's 1,380 registered voters, for a turnout of 72.5% (vs. 73.4% in Warren County). In the 2004 presidential election, Republican George W. Bush received 641 votes (64.6% vs. 61.0% countywide), ahead of Democrat John Kerry with 324 votes (32.7% vs. 37.2%) and other candidates with 17 votes (1.7% vs. 1.3%), among the 992 ballots cast by the township's 1,279 registered voters, for a turnout of 77.6% (vs. 76.3% in the whole county).
In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 77.6% of the vote (437 cast), ahead of Democrat Barbara Buono with 20.1% (113 votes), and other candidates with 2.3% (13 votes), among the 573 ballots cast by the township's 1,334 registered voters (10 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 43.0%. In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 467 votes (68.2% vs. 61.3% countywide), ahead of Democrat Jon Corzine with 142 votes (20.7% vs. 25.7%), Independent Chris Daggett with 50 votes (7.3% vs. 9.8%) and other candidates with 14 votes (2.0% vs. 1.5%), among the 685 ballots cast by the township's 1,328 registered voters, yielding a 51.6% turnout (vs. 49.6% in the county).
Education
The Hope Township School District serves students in pre-kindergarten through eighth grade at Hope Township Elementary School. As of the 2018–19 school year, the district, comprised of one school, had an enrollment of 131 students and 16.7 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 7.8:1. In the 2016–17 school year, the district was tied for the 30th-smallest enrollment of any school district in the state.
Students in public school for ninth through twelfth grades from Harmony Township, Hope Township and White Township attend Belvidere High School in Belvidere as part of sending/receiving relationships with the Belvidere School District. As of the 2018–19 school year, the high school had an enrollment of 420 students and 38.3 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 11.0:1.
Students from the township and from all of Warren County are eligible to attend Ridge and Valley Charter School in Frelinghuysen Township (for grades K-8) or Warren County Technical School in Washington borough (for 9-12), with special education services provided by local districts supplemented throughout the county by the Warren County Special Services School District in Oxford Township (for PreK-12).
Transportation
, the township had a total of of roadways, of which were maintained by the municipality, by Warren County and by the New Jersey Department of Transportation.
Interstate 80 (the Bergen-Passaic Expressway) passes through the township for , with access via exit 12 to Hope-Blairstown Road (County Route 521). CR 521 has its southern terminus in Hope Township at an intersection with County Route 609 (High Street) and runs through the township for . CR 519 passes through Hope for and can be accessed by CR 521.
Notable people
People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Hope Township include:
Abraham H. Albertson (1872-1964), one of Seattle's most prominent architects of the first half of the 20th century.
John Insley Blair (1802-1899), entrepreneur, railroad magnate, philanthropist and one of the 19th century's wealthiest men.
Charles Ferren Hopkins (1842-1934), the last surviving Union Civil War soldier in New Jersey that was a recipient of the Medal of Honor.
Joseph Krumgold (1908-1980), author of books and screenplays who was the first writer to win two annual Newbery Medals for the most distinguished new American children's book.
Popular culture
Duluth, Minnesota slow-core band Low recorded their 1994 debut LP, I Could Live in Hope in Hope Township, and named the album as a reference to the municipality.
Hope Township was the filming location for two scenes in the horror movie Friday the 13th, with the Moravian Cemetery (see photo) and Hartung's General Store appearing in the film.
Points of interest
Land of Make Believe is an amusement park centered on "Safe and wholesome recreation", with entertaining rides and attractions that are enjoyed by people of all ages but not so extreme that it scares off younger children.
Surrounding communities
References
External links
Official Hope Township Website
1839 establishments in New Jersey
Populated places established in 1839
Settlements in the America (North) Province of the Moravian Church
Township form of New Jersey government
Townships in Warren County, New Jersey | [
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125815 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independence%20Township%2C%20New%20Jersey | Independence Township, New Jersey | Independence Township is a township in Warren County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the township's population was 5,662.
The township is part of the Lehigh Valley metropolitan statistical area.
History
Independence Township was originally created on November 11, 1782, from Hardwick Township, while the area was still part of Sussex County, and was incorporated as one of the state's initial group of 104 townships by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on February 21, 1798. Most of Independence Township became part of the newly created Warren County on November 20, 1824, with the remainder becoming part of Green Township in Sussex County. Portions of the township were taken to form Hackettstown (March 9, 1853) and Allamuchy Township (April 4, 1873). The township was named for American independence.
Through the Township the major brooks and the Great Meadows drain into the Pequest River which winds slowly from northeast to southwest to flow on through the county and eventually into the Delaware River at Belvidere. Part of the eastern land drains under the Morris Canal bed and south into the Musconetcong River just below the boundary with Mansfield Township. The hillsides are steep, layered with rock and limestone while the valleys still hold soil deposited here from the receding glaciers. Mastodon bones and a few relics of the early Indian dwellers still occasionally can be found as well as coveys of game birds, some white tail deer and small game.
This area was initially settled and cleared as farmland for growing hay and grain or as pastureland. Timber was cut for lumber, grain was milled into flour, and some iron ore was mined from the Jenny Jump Mountain area during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century. The mining of iron ore which attracted the early settlers, the later iron foundries, and many of the early industries have disappeared as has the Morris Canal and the railroads as the major means of shipping freight. After many attempts the Great Meadow was drained with the water channeled to permit successful development of commercial vegetable production. Shipping over the years has been by wagon, small trucks, rail freight, and then by large trailer trucks.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township had a total area of 19.98 square miles (51.75 km2), including 19.83 square miles (51.36 km2) of land and 0.15 square miles (0.39 km2) of water (0.76%).
Great Meadows (2010 Census population of 303) and Vienna (population of 981 as of 2010) are unincorporated communities and census-designated places (CDPs) located within the township. Through the 2000 United States Census, the areas were grouped together as Great Meadows-Vienna, which had a population of 1,264 as of that year.
Other unincorporated communities, localities and place names located partially or completely within the township include Petersburgh.
The township borders the Warren County municipalities of Allamuchy Township, Frelinghusen Township, Hackettstown, Liberty Township and Mansfield Township.
Demographics
The Township's economic data (as is all of Warren County) is calculated by the US Census Bureau as part of the Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Census 2010
The Census Bureau's 2006-2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $89,844 (with a margin of error of +/- $7,094) and the median family income was $104,808 (+/- $8,796). Males had a median income of $72,719 (+/- $6,017) versus $58,413 (+/- $7,006) for females. The per capita income for the borough was $36,372 (+/- $2,731). About 1.6% of families and 1.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.2% of those under age 18 and 7.7% of those age 65 or over.
Census 2000
As of the 2000 United States Census there were 5,603 people, 2,146 households, and 1,489 families residing in the township. The population density was 282.4 people per square mile (109.0/km2). There were 2,210 housing units at an average density of 111.4 per square mile (43.0/km2). The racial makeup of the township was 94.98% White, 1.16% African American, 0.05% Native American, 1.73% Asian, 0.79% from other races, and 1.29% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.77% of the population.
There were 2,146 households, out of which 36.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.0% were married couples living together, 6.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.6% were non-families. 24.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.61 and the average family size was 3.18.
In the township the population was spread out, with 26.8% under the age of 18, 5.2% from 18 to 24, 34.9% from 25 to 44, 25.1% from 45 to 64, and 8.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.4 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $67,247, and the median income for a family was $79,819. Males had a median income of $59,688 versus $37,643 for females. The per capita income for the township was $30,555. About 1.2% of families and 2.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.0% of those under age 18 and 6.3% of those age 65 or over.
Government
Local government
Independence Township is governed under the Township form of New Jersey municipal government, one of 141 municipalities (of the 565) statewide that use this form, the second-most commonly used form of government in the state. The Township Committee is comprised of five members, who are elected directly by the voters at-large in partisan elections to serve three-year terms of office on a staggered basis, with either one or two seats coming up for election each year as part of the November general election in a three-year cycle. At an annual reorganization meeting, the Township Committee selects one of its members to serve as Mayor.
, members of the Independence Township Committee are Mayor Robert M. Giordano (R, term on committee ends December 31, 2021; term as mayor ends 2020), Glenn Cougle (R, 2021), Bonnie Kelsey (R, 2020), Tim Norton (R, 2020) and Michael S. Pennington (R, 2022).
Federal, state and county representation
Independence Township is located in the 5th Congressional District and is part of New Jersey's 24th state legislative district. Prior to the 2011 reapportionment following the 2010 Census, Independence Township had been in the 23rd state legislative district.
Politics
As of March 23, 2011, there were a total of 3,789 registered voters in Independence Township, of which 691 (18.2% vs. 21.5% countywide) were registered as Democrats, 1,384 (36.5% vs. 35.3%) were registered as Republicans and 1,709 (45.1% vs. 43.1%) were registered as Unaffiliated. There were 5 voters registered to other parties. Among the township's 2010 Census population, 66.9% (vs. 62.3% in Warren County) were registered to vote, including 87.3% of those ages 18 and over (vs. 81.5% countywide).
In the 2012 presidential election, Republican Mitt Romney received 1,500 votes (58.8% vs. 56.0% countywide), ahead of Democrat Barack Obama with 964 votes (37.8% vs. 40.8%) and other candidates with 51 votes (2.0% vs. 1.7%), among the 2,550 ballots cast by the township's 3,836 registered voters, for a turnout of 66.5% (vs. 66.7% in Warren County). In the 2008 presidential election, Republican John McCain received 1,559 votes (55.7% vs. 55.2% countywide), ahead of Democrat Barack Obama with 1,159 votes (41.4% vs. 41.4%) and other candidates with 49 votes (1.8% vs. 1.6%), among the 2,797 ballots cast by the township's 3,784 registered voters, for a turnout of 73.9% (vs. 73.4% in Warren County). In the 2004 presidential election, Republican George W. Bush received 1,763 votes (64.4% vs. 61.0% countywide), ahead of Democrat John Kerry with 927 votes (33.9% vs. 37.2%) and other candidates with 35 votes (1.3% vs. 1.3%), among the 2,736 ballots cast by the township's 3,518 registered voters, for a turnout of 77.8% (vs. 76.3% in the whole county).
In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 72.5% of the vote (1,037 cast), ahead of Democrat Barbara Buono with 26.3% (376 votes), and other candidates with 1.2% (17 votes), among the 1,450 ballots cast by the township's 3,879 registered voters (20 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 37.4%. In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 1,176 votes (63.8% vs. 61.3% countywide), ahead of Democrat Jon Corzine with 435 votes (23.6% vs. 25.7%), Independent Chris Daggett with 182 votes (9.9% vs. 9.8%) and other candidates with 24 votes (1.3% vs. 1.5%), among the 1,842 ballots cast by the township's 3,733 registered voters, yielding a 49.3% turnout (vs. 49.6% in the county).
Education
Public school students in pre-kindergarten through eighth grade attend the Great Meadows Regional School District, together with students from Liberty Township. The New Jersey Superior Court, Appellate Division blocked a 2007 effort by Liberty Township to leave the Great Meadows district based on Liberty's greater share of district costs, with the court citing the inability of the two communities to provide an efficient education separately. As of the 2018–19 school year, the district, comprised of three schools, had an enrollment of 662 students and 73.0 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 9.1:1. Schools in the district (with 2018–19 school year enrollment from the National Center for Education Statistics) are
Central Elementary School with 221 students in grades PreK-2,
Liberty Elementary School with 204 students in grades 3-5 and
Great Meadows Middle School with 239 students in grades 6–8.
Students attending public school for ninth through twelfth grades attend Hackettstown High School which serves students from Hackettstown, along with students from the townships of Allamuchy and Liberty, as part of a sending/receiving relationship with the Hackettstown School District. As of the 2018–19 school year, the high school had an enrollment of 828 students and 68.6 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 12.1:1.
Students from the township and from all of Warren County are eligible to attend Ridge and Valley Charter School in Frelinghuysen Township (for grades K-8) or Warren County Technical School in Washington borough (for 9-12), with special education services provided by local districts supplemented throughout the county by the Warren County Special Services School District in Oxford Township (for PreK-12).
Transportation
, the township had a total of of roadways, of which were maintained by the municipality, by Warren County and by the New Jersey Department of Transportation.
CR 517 passes through in the eastern part of the township while U.S. Route 46 traverses across the southern part of the municipality.
Interstate 80 misses the township by less than 100 feet, but is accessible in both neighboring Allamuchy Township (exit 19) and Hope Township (exit 12).
The Great Meadows Railroad Station, along the abandoned Lehigh and Hudson Railway, is the only nineteenth-century station to remain preserved with all its structures. It was placed on the New Jersey and National Register of Historic Places in 1989.
Notable people
People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Independence Township include:
Christina Desiderio (born 2000), artistic gymnast.
Chuck Haytaian (born 1938), former speaker of the New Jersey General Assembly.
Cole Kimball (born 1985), former professional baseball pitcher who played for the Washington Nationals.
References
External links
Independence Township website
1782 establishments in New Jersey
Populated places established in 1782
Township form of New Jersey government
Townships in Warren County, New Jersey | [
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125816 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowlton%20Township%2C%20New%20Jersey | Knowlton Township, New Jersey | Knowlton Township is a township in Warren County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the township's population was 3,055, reflecting an increase of 78 (+2.6%) from the 2,977 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 434 (+17.1%) from the 2,543 counted in the 1990 Census.
The township, and all of Warren County, is part of the Lehigh Valley metropolitan statistical area.
History
Knowlton Township was created as a precinct by Royal charter from portions of Oxford Township on February 23, 1763, while the area was still part of Sussex County, and was incorporated as a township by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on February 21, 1798, and then became part of the newly created Warren County on November 20, 1824. Portions of the township were taken to form Hope Township (April 8, 1839) and Blairstown Township (April 14, 1845).
Knowlton's name is variously attributed to Thomas Knowlton, a Colonel in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War who was killed in action at the Battle of Harlem Heights, or to the knolls that characterize the area. In some older sources, the name is spelled "Knawltown".
The township is served by postal ZIP Codes in Columbia (07832) and Delaware (07833), although a small number of Knowlton residents receive postal deliveries via the Blairstown (07825) post office. Within the township are several small hamlets, including Browning, Deckers Ferry, Mount Pleasant, Polkville, Ramseyburg, Warrington and Knowlton itself.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township had a total area of 25.33 square miles (65.60 km2), including 24.72 square miles (64.03 km2) of land and 0.60 square miles (1.56 km2) of water (2.38%). The township is located in the Kittatinny Valley which is a section of the Great Appalachian Valley that stretches from Canada to Alabama.
Columbia (with a 2010 Census population of 229), Delaware (150) and Hainesburg (91) are unincorporated communities and census-designated places (CDPs) located within the township.
Other unincorporated communities, localities and place names located partially or completely within the township include Browning, Deckers Ferry, Mount Pleasant, Polkville, Ramseyburg and Warrington.
The township borders the Warren County municipalities of Blairstown Township, Hardwick Township, Hope Township and White Township.
Demographics
The Township's economic data (as is all of Warren County) is calculated by the US Census Bureau as part of the Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Census 2010
The Census Bureau's 2006-2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $81,346 (with a margin of error of +/- $11,792) and the median family income was $86,708 (+/- $13,339). Males had a median income of $76,733 (+/- $8,158) versus $51,757 (+/- $3,961) for females. The per capita income for the Township was $35,440 (+/- $4,605). About 1.4% of families and 3.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.1% of those under age 18 and 7.7% of those age 65 or over.
Census 2000
As of the 2000 United States Census there were 2,977 people, 1,028 households, and 816 families residing in the township. The population density was 120.1 people per square mile (46.4/km2). There were 1,135 housing units at an average density of 45.8 per square mile (17.7/km2). The racial makeup of the township was 97.45% White, 0.40% African American, 0.07% Native American, 0.64% Asian, 0.47% from other races, and 0.97% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.85% of the population.
There were 1,028 households, out of which 40.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 69.1% were married couples living together, 6.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 20.6% were non-families. 15.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.87 and the average family size was 3.21.
In the township the population was spread out, with 27.6% under the age of 18, 5.7% from 18 to 24, 31.3% from 25 to 44, 24.1% from 45 to 64, and 11.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.0 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $63,409, and the median income for a family was $72,130. Males had a median income of $46,250 versus $35,326 for females. The per capita income for the township was $24,631. About 1.5% of families and 3.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.2% of those under age 18 and 1.3% of those age 65 or over.
Government
Local government
Knowlton Township is governed under the Township form of New Jersey municipal government, one of 141 municipalities (of the 565) statewide that use this form, the second-most commonly used form of government in the state. The Township Committee is comprised of five members, who are elected directly by the voters at-large in partisan elections to serve three-year terms of office on a staggered basis, with either one or two seats coming up for election each year as part of the November general election in a three-year cycle. At an annual reorganization meeting, the Township Committee selects one of its members to serve as Mayor and another as Deputy Mayor.
, the Knowlton Township Committee consists of Mayor M. Adele Starrs (R, term on committee ends 2022; term as mayor ends December 31, 2021), Deputy Mayor Debra L. Shipps (R, term on committee and as deputy mayor ends 2021), Kathy Cuntala (R, 2021), James Mazza (R, 2023), and Frank Van Horn (R, 2022).
Federal, state and county representation
Knowlton Township is located in the 5th Congressional District and is part of New Jersey's 24th state legislative district. Prior to the 2011 reapportionment following the 2010 Census, Knowlton Township had been in the 23rd state legislative district.
Politics
As of March 23, 2011, there were a total of 2,008 registered voters in Knowlton Township, of which 418 (20.8% vs. 21.5% countywide) were registered as Democrats, 694 (34.6% vs. 35.3%) were registered as Republicans and 895 (44.6% vs. 43.1%) were registered as Unaffiliated. There as one voter registered to another party. Among the township's 2010 Census population, 65.7% (vs. 62.3% in Warren County) were registered to vote, including 85.7% of those ages 18 and over (vs. 81.5% countywide).
In the 2012 presidential election, Republican Mitt Romney received 833 votes (63.1% vs. 56.0% countywide), ahead of Democrat Barack Obama with 441 votes (33.4% vs. 40.8%) and other candidates with 19 votes (1.4% vs. 1.7%), among the 1,320 ballots cast by the township's 2,027 registered voters, for a turnout of 65.1% (vs. 66.7% in Warren County). In the 2008 presidential election, Republican John McCain received 918 votes (63.0% vs. 55.2% countywide), ahead of Democrat Barack Obama with 491 votes (33.7% vs. 41.4%) and other candidates with 25 votes (1.7% vs. 1.6%), among the 1,457 ballots cast by the township's 2,045 registered voters, for a turnout of 71.2% (vs. 73.4% in Warren County). In the 2004 presidential election, Republican George W. Bush received 948 votes (65.8% vs. 61.0% countywide), ahead of Democrat John Kerry with 469 votes (32.5% vs. 37.2%) and other candidates with 17 votes (1.2% vs. 1.3%), among the 1,441 ballots cast by the township's 1,899 registered voters, for a turnout of 75.9% (vs. 76.3% in the whole county).
In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 74.6% of the vote (671 cast), ahead of Democrat Barbara Buono with 22.8% (205 votes), and other candidates with 2.6% (23 votes), among the 915 ballots cast by the township's 2,040 registered voters (16 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 44.9%. In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 595 votes (63.8% vs. 61.3% countywide), ahead of Democrat Jon Corzine with 203 votes (21.8% vs. 25.7%), Independent Chris Daggett with 102 votes (10.9% vs. 9.8%) and other candidates with 13 votes (1.4% vs. 1.5%), among the 932 ballots cast by the township's 1,987 registered voters, yielding a 46.9% turnout (vs. 49.6% in the county).
Education
Children in pre-kindergarten through sixth grade for public school attend Knowlton Township Elementary School as part of the Knowlton Township School District. As of the 2019–20 school year, the district, comprised of one school, had an enrollment of 155 students and 23.0 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 6.7:1. In the 2016–17 school year, Knowlton had the 41st smallest enrollment of any school district in the state, with 192 students.
Students in public school for seventh through twelfth grades attend the North Warren Regional High School in Blairstown, a public secondary high school, serving students from the townships of Blairstown, Frelinghuysen, Hardwick and Knowlton. As of the 2019–20 school year, the high school had an enrollment of 752 students and 69.0 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 10.9:1. The seats on the district's nine-member board of education are allocated based on the population of the constituent municipalities, with two seats assigned to Knowlton Township.
Students from the township and from all of Warren County are eligible to attend Ridge and Valley Charter School in Frelinghuysen Township (for grades K-8, with Knowlton students among those given admission preference) or Warren County Technical School in Washington borough (for 9-12), with special education services provided by local districts supplemented throughout the county by the Warren County Special Services School District in Oxford Township (for PreK-12).
Recreation
Tunnel Field is the primary recreational site in the township with several baseball and softball diamonds and soccer fields. Tunnel also has a play area (including swings and play area), a basketball court, tennis court, paved walking track, and concession stand. The field is located by Route 94 and is divided by the Lackawanna Cut-Off and is connected through an old tunnel (hence the name).
Transportation
Roads and highways
, the township had a total of of roadways, of which were maintained by the municipality, by Warren County and by the New Jersey Department of Transportation and by the Delaware River Joint Toll Bridge Commission.
Interstate 80 (Bergen-Passaic Expressway) is the main east–west limited access road, passing through the township for with a junction at Routes 94 and 46. Route 94 passes through the northern portion of the township for . U.S. Route 46 runs for through the township's southern portion. The Portland–Columbia Toll Bridge (part of Route 94), which is owned and operated by the Delaware River Joint Toll Bridge Commission, crosses the Delaware River and connects with Pennsylvania Route 611 in Portland, Pennsylvania.
Rail history
Much of Knowlton's development after 1850 can be traced to the presence of the five railroad lines that criss-crossed the township: the Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad's Old Road and, later, the Lackawanna Cut-Off; the New York, Susquehanna and Western Railway; the Lehigh & New England Railroad; and the Blairstown Railway. In subsequent years, all of these rail lines have been abandoned. In their heyday, however, two rail lines and three railroads served the town of Delaware: the New York, Susquehanna and Western (formerly Blairstown) Railway; and the Old Road of the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad (which also had granted trackage rights to the Pennsylvania Railroad, technically a sixth railroad). The community of Columbia was also served by the NYS&W (Hainesburg also had a station), with the Lehigh and New England Railroad also passing through town.
In more recent years, development within Knowlton has been tied to the presence of U.S. Route 46 and, since the early 1970s, Interstate 80. Many Knowlton residents use Route 80 to commute to their jobs either further east in New Jersey or further west in Pennsylvania. Route 94 crosses through the township. Two bridges cross the Delaware River, connecting the township to Pennsylvania; the Portland–Columbia Toll Bridge, opened in 1953, connects Route 94 to Pennsylvania Route 611 in Portland, Pennsylvania. The two places are also connected by the Portland–Columbia Pedestrian Bridge, which dates back to a structure constructed in 1869 and was dedicated for pedestrian use when the vehicular toll bridge was completed in 1953.
Points of interest
Brook Hollow Winery
Notable people
People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Knowlton Township include:
A. Elizabeth Adams (1892-1962), zoologist and professor at Mount Holyoke College.
Charles H. Flummerfelt (1863-1931), politician who served in the Washington House of Representatives and Washington State Senate.
Cornelius Edward Gallagher (1921-2018), politician who represented New Jersey's 13th congressional district in the United States House of Representatives from 1959 to 1973.
Philip Johnson (1818–1867), represented Pennsylvania in the United States House of Representatives from 1861 to 1867.
Jonathan Sonne, competitive Magic: The Gathering player.
William Henry Witte (1817-1876), member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania, serving from 1853 to 1855.
References
External links
Knowlton Township website
1763 establishments in New Jersey
Populated places established in 1763
Township form of New Jersey government
Townships in Warren County, New Jersey
New Jersey populated places on the Delaware River | [
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125817 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberty%20Township%2C%20New%20Jersey | Liberty Township, New Jersey | Liberty Township is a township in Warren County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the township's population was 2,942, reflecting an increase of 177 (+6.4%) from the 2,765 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 272 (+10.9%) from the 2,493 counted in the 1990 Census. It is part of the eastern region of the Lehigh Valley.
Liberty Township was incorporated as a township by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on March 26, 1926, from portions of Hope Township, based on the results of a referendum held on April 30, 1926.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township had a total area of 11.93 square miles (30.89 km2), including 11.67 square miles (30.22 km2) of land and 0.26 square miles (0.68 km2) of water (2.20%).
Mountain Lake (with a 2010 Census population of 575) is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) located within the township. Other unincorporated communities, localities and place names located partially or completely within the township include Danville, Great Meadows and Townsbury.
Mountain Lake is over 12,000 years old and is Warren County's largest natural glacial lake. The lake has an area of , maximum depth of and an average depth of . The Mountain Lake Community Association (MLCA) oversees the Mountain Lake watershed and helps to maintain Mountain Lake's natural habitat. South of Mountain Lake is High Rock where many visitors enjoy to go hiking and can view the lake and surrounding areas, including the Delaware Water Gap.
The township borders the Warren County municipalities of Hope Township, Independence Township, Mansfield Township and White Township.
Demographics
The Township's economic data (as is all of Warren County) is calculated by the US Census Bureau as part of the Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Census 2010
The Census Bureau's 2006-2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $73,750 (with a margin of error of +/- $7,599) and the median family income was $87,059 (+/- $12,952). Males had a median income of $55,625 (+/- $10,748) versus $49,511 (+/- $6,823) for females. The per capita income for the borough was $31,946 (+/- $3,591). About none of families and 4.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 1.7% of those under age 18 and 9.9% of those age 65 or over.
Census 2000
As of the 2000 United States Census there were 2,765 people, 980 households, and 750 families residing in the township. The population density was 234.3 people per square mile (90.5/km2). There were 1,088 housing units at an average density of 92.2 per square mile (35.6/km2). The racial makeup of the township was 97.40% White, 0.36% African American, 0.11% Native American, 0.58% Asian, 0.54% from other races, and 1.01% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.68% of the population.
There were 980 households, out of which 40.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 68.2% were married couples living together, 5.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.4% were non-families. 17.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.79 and the average family size was 3.23.
In the township the population was spread out, with 28.4% under the age of 18, 5.0% from 18 to 24, 33.1% from 25 to 44, 25.2% from 45 to 64, and 8.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.7 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $62,535, and the median income for a family was $68,529. Males had a median income of $48,446 versus $33,529 for females. The per capita income for the township was $24,743. About 2.0% of families and 3.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.4% of those under age 18 and 6.7% of those age 65 or over.
Government
Local government
Liberty Township is governed under the Township form of New Jersey municipal government, one of 141 municipalities (of the 565) statewide that use this form, the second-most commonly used form of government in the state. The Township Committee is comprised of five members, who are elected directly by the voters at-large in partisan elections to serve three-year terms of office on a staggered basis, with either one or two seats coming up for election each year as part of the November general election in a three-year cycle. At an annual reorganization meeting, the Township Committee selects one of its members to serve as Mayor.
, members of the Liberty Township Committee are Mayor John E. Inscho (R, term on committee ends December 31, 2021; term as mayor ends 2020), Deputy Mayor Daniel B. Grover (R, term on committee ends 2022; term as deputy mayor ends 2020), Michael Beyer (R, 2020), Peter Karcher (R, 2020) and David Rogers (R, 2022).
Carl Cummins was appointed to fill the vacant seat of John Fisher, who had died in September 2013, after the deadline to remove his name from the ballot and who won a seat in the November 2013 general election. Fisher's term of office runs until December 2016. Cummins served on an interim basis until the November 2014 general election when he was elected to serve the balance of the term.
Federal, state and county representation
Liberty Township is located in the 5th Congressional District and is part of New Jersey's 24th state legislative district. Prior to the 2011 reapportionment following the 2010 Census, Liberty Township had been in the 23rd state legislative district.
Politics
As of March 23, 2011, there were a total of 1,897 registered voters in Liberty Township, of which 386 (20.3% vs. 21.5% countywide) were registered as Democrats, 768 (40.5% vs. 35.3%) were registered as Republicans and 742 (39.1% vs. 43.1%) were registered as Unaffiliated. There was one voter registered to another party. Among the township's 2010 Census population, 64.5% (vs. 62.3% in Warren County) were registered to vote, including 85.1% of those ages 18 and over (vs. 81.5% countywide).
In the 2012 presidential election, Republican Mitt Romney received 709 votes (59.4% vs. 56.0% countywide), ahead of Democrat Barack Obama with 447 votes (37.5% vs. 40.8%) and other candidates with 24 votes (2.0% vs. 1.7%), among the 1,193 ballots cast by the township's 1,894 registered voters, for a turnout of 63.0% (vs. 66.7% in Warren County). In the 2008 presidential election, Republican John McCain received 843 votes (57.6% vs. 55.2% countywide), ahead of Democrat Barack Obama with 585 votes (40.0% vs. 41.4%) and other candidates with 22 votes (1.5% vs. 1.6%), among the 1,463 ballots cast by the township's 1,912 registered voters, for a turnout of 76.5% (vs. 73.4% in Warren County). In the 2004 presidential election, Republican George W. Bush received 909 votes (63.4% vs. 61.0% countywide), ahead of Democrat John Kerry with 491 votes (34.2% vs. 37.2%) and other candidates with 32 votes (2.2% vs. 1.3%), among the 1,434 ballots cast by the township's 1,809 registered voters, for a turnout of 79.3% (vs. 76.3% in the whole county).
In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 73.9% of the vote (588 cast), ahead of Democrat Barbara Buono with 22.6% (180 votes), and other candidates with 3.5% (28 votes), among the 810 ballots cast by the township's 1,923 registered voters (14 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 42.1%. In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 658 votes (63.4% vs. 61.3% countywide), ahead of Democrat Jon Corzine with 244 votes (23.5% vs. 25.7%), Independent Chris Daggett with 99 votes (9.5% vs. 9.8%) and other candidates with 21 votes (2.0% vs. 1.5%), among the 1,038 ballots cast by the township's 1,855 registered voters, yielding a 56.0% turnout (vs. 49.6% in the county).
Education
Public school students in kindergarten through eighth grade attend the Great Meadows Regional School District, together with students from Independence Township. The New Jersey Superior Court, Appellate Division blocked a 2007 effort by Liberty Township to leave the Great Meadows district based on Liberty's greater share of district costs, with the court citing the inability of the two communities to provide an efficient education separately. As of the 2018–19 school year, the district, comprised of three schools, had an enrollment of 662 students and 73.0 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 9.1:1. Schools in the district (with 2018–19 school year enrollment from the National Center for Education Statistics) are
Central Elementary School with 221 students in grades PreK-2,
Liberty Elementary School with 204 students in grades 3-5 and
Great Meadows Middle School with 239 students in grades 6–8. Seats on the regional district's nine-member board of education are allocated based on the population of the constituent municipalities, with three seats allocated to Liberty Township; one seat from Liberty Township and two from Independence Township up for election each year.
Students attending public school for ninth through twelfth grades attend Hackettstown High School which serves students from Hackettstown, along with students from the townships of Allamuchy and Liberty, as part of a sending/receiving relationship with the Hackettstown School District. As of the 2018–19 school year, the high school had an enrollment of 828 students and 68.6 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 12.1:1.
Students from the township and from all of Warren County are eligible to attend Ridge and Valley Charter School in Frelinghuysen Township (for grades K-8) or Warren County Technical School in Washington borough (for 9-12), with special education services provided by local districts supplemented throughout the county by the Warren County Special Services School District in Oxford Township (for PreK-12).
Transportation
, the township had a total of of roadways, of which were maintained by the municipality, by Warren County and by the New Jersey Department of Transportation.
The only major road to pass through is U.S. Route 46, which runs for in the township's southeastern area.
The closest limited access road is Interstate 80 (the Bergen-Passaic Expressway) in neighboring Hope Township.
References
External links
Liberty Township website
1926 establishments in New Jersey
Populated places established in 1926
Township form of New Jersey government
Townships in Warren County, New Jersey | [
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125818 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lopatcong%20Township%2C%20New%20Jersey | Lopatcong Township, New Jersey | Lopatcong Township is a township in Warren County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the township's population was 8,014, reflecting an increase of 2,249 (+39.0%) from the 5,765 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 713 (+14.1%) from the 5,052 counted in the 1990 Census. The township is part of the eastern region of the Lehigh Valley.
Lopatcong Township was featured in a 2003 article in The New York Times which discussed problems of public school financing in suburban communities and various strategies that Lopatcong and other such communities have adopted to deal with the problem.
History
What is now Lopatcong Township was created as Phillipsburg Township on March 7, 1851, by an act approved by the New Jersey Legislature from portions of Greenwich Township and Harmony Township. After Phillipsburg was incorporated as an independent municipality on March 8, 1861, the township changed its name to Lopatcong as of March 18, 1863, after the Lopatcong Creek in the area.
The name of the creek and township — Lopatcong — came from four words of the Lenni Lenape Native Americans — Lowan peek achtu onk, which meant "winter watering place for deer".
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township had a total area of 7.38 square miles (19.10 km2), including 7.32 square miles (18.95 km2) of land and 0.06 square miles (0.16 km2) of water (0.81%).
Delaware Park (2010 Census population of 700) and Lopatcong Overlook (population 734 as of 2010) are unincorporated communities and census-designated places (CDPs) located within the township.
Other unincorporated communities, localities and place names located partially or completely within the township include Ingersol Heights and Union Town. Lopatcong is made up of several neighborhoods, including Morris Park, Delaware Park, Rosehill Heights, Brakeley Park, Lows Hollow, Country Hills, Meadow View, Scott's Mountain and Overlook.
The township borders the Warren County municipalities of Greenwich Township, Harmony Township, Phillipsburg and Pohatcong Township.
Demographics
The Township's economic data (as is all of Warren County) is calculated by the US Census Bureau as part of the Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Census 2010
The Census Bureau's 2006-2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $77,320 (with a margin of error of +/- $4,889) and the median family income was $89,317 (+/- $6,056). Males had a median income of $61,771 (+/- $6,980) versus $49,338 (+/- $4,584) for females. The per capita income for the borough was $33,633 (+/- $2,586). About 0.7% of families and 4.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.0% of those under age 18 and 8.4% of those age 65 or over.
Census 2000
As of the 2000 United States Census there were 5,765 people, 2,143 households, and 1,523 families residing in the township. The population density was 814.6 people per square mile (314.4/km2). There were 2,429 housing units at an average density of 343.2 per square mile (132.5/km2). The racial makeup of the township was 96.27% White, 1.13% African American, 0.07% Native American, 1.63% Asian, 0.49% from other races, and 0.42% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.99% of the population.
There were 2,143 households, out of which 32.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.5% were married couples living together, 5.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.9% were non-families. 26.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.55 and the average family size was 3.09.
In the township the population was spread out, with 24.5% under the age of 18, 4.4% from 18 to 24, 26.7% from 25 to 44, 22.2% from 45 to 64, and 22.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 85.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 79.3 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $50,918, and the median income for a family was $65,545. Males had a median income of $52,540 versus $30,967 for females. The per capita income for the township was $24,333. About 4.7% of families and 6.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.2% of those under age 18 and 9.3% of those age 65 or over.
Government
Local government
Lopatcong Township is governed by the Small Municipality form of government, which is available under the terms of the Faulkner Act only for those municipalities with a population below 12,000 at the time of adoption. The township is one of 18 municipalities (of the 565) statewide that use this form of government. The governing body is comprised of the Mayor and the four-member Township Council, with all positions elected at-large on a partisan basis as part of the November general election. The Mayor is elected directly by the voters to a three-year term of office. Council members are elected to serve a term of three years on a staggered basis, so that two seats come up for election in the two years that the mayor is not up for election.
, members of the Lopatcong Township Council are Mayor James Mengucci (R, term on committee and as mayor ends December 31, 2020), Council President Joseph B. Pryor (R, 2021), Louis Belcaro (R, 2021), James Palitto (R, 2022) and William Wright (R, 2022).
In June 2016, the Township Council unanimously selected Yvonne Reitemeyer from a list of three candidates nominated by the Republican municipal committee to fill the seat expiring in December 2016 that became vacant following the resignation of Donna Schneider.
In the November 2012 general election, Lori Ciesla, who ran as part of the independent slate of Responsible Lopatcong Leadership, won election, as did Maureen McCabe who won an unexpired one-year term when she defeated Republican incumbent Andrew Horun who had been appointed earlier in the year to fill the vacant seat of H. Matthew Curry.
Federal, state and county representation
Lopatcong Township is located in the 7th Congressional District and is part of New Jersey's 23rd state legislative district. Prior to the 2010 Census, Lopatcong Township had been part of the , a change made by the New Jersey Redistricting Commission that took effect in January 2013, based on the results of the November 2012 general elections.
Politics
As of March 23, 2011, there were a total of 5,153 registered voters in Lopatcong Township, of which 1,391 (27.0% vs. 21.5% countywide) were registered as Democrats, 1,470 (28.5% vs. 35.3%) were registered as Republicans and 2,288 (44.4% vs. 43.1%) were registered as Unaffiliated. There were 4 voters registered to other parties. Among the township's 2010 Census population, 64.3% (vs. 62.3% in Warren County) were registered to vote, including 83.6% of those ages 18 and over (vs. 81.5% countywide).
In the 2012 presidential election, Republican Mitt Romney received 1,964 votes (52.8% vs. 56.0% countywide), ahead of Democrat Barack Obama with 1,638 votes (44.0% vs. 40.8%) and other candidates with 51 votes (1.4% vs. 1.7%), among the 3,720 ballots cast by the township's 5,386 registered voters, for a turnout of 69.1% (vs. 66.7% in Warren County). In the 2008 presidential election, Republican John McCain received 1,985 votes (51.9% vs. 55.2% countywide), ahead of Democrat Barack Obama with 1,730 votes (45.2% vs. 41.4%) and other candidates with 46 votes (1.2% vs. 1.6%), among the 3,827 ballots cast by the township's 5,090 registered voters, for a turnout of 75.2% (vs. 73.4% in Warren County). In the 2004 presidential election, Republican George W. Bush received 1,994 votes (57.5% vs. 61.0% countywide), ahead of Democrat John Kerry with 1,419 votes (40.9% vs. 37.2%) and other candidates with 30 votes (0.9% vs. 1.3%), among the 3,467 ballots cast by the township's 4,536 registered voters, for a turnout of 76.4% (vs. 76.3% in the whole county).
In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 70.4% of the vote (1,615 cast), ahead of Democrat Barbara Buono with 27.6% (634 votes), and other candidates with 2.0% (45 votes), among the 2,345 ballots cast by the township's 5,506 registered voters (51 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 42.6%. In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 1,455 votes (58.6% vs. 61.3% countywide), ahead of Democrat Jon Corzine with 736 votes (29.6% vs. 25.7%), Independent Chris Daggett with 228 votes (9.2% vs. 9.8%) and other candidates with 35 votes (1.4% vs. 1.5%), among the 2,484 ballots cast by the township's 4,981 registered voters, yielding a 49.9% turnout (vs. 49.6% in the county).
Education
The Lopatcong Township School District serves public school students in pre-kindergarten through eighth grade. As of the 2018–19 school year, the district, comprised of two schools, had an enrollment of 737 students and 54.4 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 13.5:1. Schools in the district (with 2018–19 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics) are
Lopatcong Elementary School with 378 students in grades PreK-4 and
Lopatcong Middle School with 356 students in grades 5–8. Before the Middle School opened in 2003, students would attend the Elementary School through eighth grade; The middle school was constructed in the wake of increasing enrollment, which climbed more than 50% from just over 500 in 1995 to more than 750 by 2001.
Public school students in ninth through twelfth grades attend Phillipsburg High School in Phillipsburg as part of a sending/receiving relationship with the Phillipsburg School District. The high school also serves students from four other sending communities: Alpha, Bloomsbury (in Hunterdon County), Greenwich Township and Pohatcong Township. The site of the new Phillipsburg High School, which began construction in January 2014, is in Lopatcong's borders. The three-story, building, with more than double the floor space of the existing high school and a capacity to accommodate more than 2,100 students, was completed for the 2016–17 school year and was dedicated in September 2016 at ceremonies attended by Governor of New Jersey Chris Christie. As of the 2018–19 school year, the high school had an enrollment of 1,650 students and 126.5 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 13.0:1.
Students from the township and from all of Warren County are eligible to attend Ridge and Valley Charter School in Frelinghuysen Township (for grades K-8) or Warren County Technical School in Washington borough (for 9-12), with special education services provided by local districts supplemented throughout the county by the Warren County Special Services School District in Oxford Township (for PreK-12).
Transportation
Roads and highways
, the township had a total of of roadways, of which were maintained by the municipality, by Warren County and by the New Jersey Department of Transportation.
The most prominent highway in Lopatcong Township is US 22, which traverses the southern section of the township. Route 57 traverses towards the center from its western end at US 22. The main county road that passes through is County Route 519 which passes through in the eastern part of the township.
Public transportation
NJ Transit bus service is provided on the 890 and 891 routes.
Notable people
People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Lopatcong Township include:
Donald J. Albanese (born 1937), politician who served in the New Jersey General Assembly from 1976 to 1982.
Ned Bolcar (born 1967), linebacker who played three seasons in the NFL, one with the Seattle Seahawks and two with the Miami Dolphins.
Lou Reda (c. 1925–2017), filmmaker who specialized in television documentaries.
Harold S. Sloan (1888-1988), economist who wrote extensively and taught in the field of economics, who also served as the executive director of the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation.
Doug Steinhardt (born 1968), attorney and politician who served as mayor of Lopatcong Township and is Chairman of the New Jersey Republican State Committee.
Film community
Lopatcong Township was the primary location for the independent film Several Ways to Die Trying. The film's writer/director, Glen Tickle, as well as members of the cast and crew are residents of the township.
References
External links
Lopatcong Township website
1851 establishments in New Jersey
Faulkner Act (small municipality)
Populated places established in 1851
Townships in Warren County, New Jersey
New Jersey populated places on the Delaware River | [
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125819 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy%20Mitford | Nancy Mitford | Nancy Freeman-Mitford (28 November 1904 – 30 June 1973), known as Nancy Mitford, was an English novelist, biographer, and journalist. The eldest of the Mitford sisters, she was regarded as one of the "bright young things" on the London social scene in the inter-war period. She wrote several novels about upper-class life in England and France, and is considered a sharp and often provocative wit. She also has a reputation as a writer of popular historical biographies.
Mitford enjoyed a privileged childhood as the eldest daughter of the Hon. David Freeman-Mitford, later 2nd Baron Redesdale. Educated privately, she had no training as a writer before publishing her first novel in 1931. This early effort and the three that followed it created little stir. Her two semi-autobiographical post-war novels, The Pursuit of Love (1945) and Love in a Cold Climate (1949), established her reputation.
Mitford's marriage to Peter Rodd (1933) proved unsatisfactory to both, and they divorced in 1957 after a lengthy separation. During the Second World War she formed a liaison with a Free French officer, Gaston Palewski, who was the love of her life. After the war Mitford settled in France and lived there until her death, maintaining contact with her many English friends through letters and regular visits.
During the 1950s Mitford developed the concept of "U" (upper) and "non-U" language, whereby social origins and standing were identified by words used in everyday speech. She had intended this as a joke, but many took it seriously, and Mitford was considered an authority on manners and breeding.
Her later years were bittersweet, the success of her biographical studies of Madame de Pompadour, Voltaire and King Louis XIV contrasting with the ultimate failure of her relationship with Palewski. From the late 1960s her health deteriorated, and she endured several years of painful illness before her death in 1973.
Family
The Mitford family dates from the Norman era, when Sir John de Mitford held the Castle of Mitford in Northumberland. A later Sir John held several important public offices during the late 14th and early 15th centuries, and the family maintained a tradition of public service for many generations. In the 18th century William Mitford was a leading classical historian, responsible for the definitive history of ancient Greece. His great-grandson Algernon Bertram Mitford, born in 1837 and known as "Bertie", was a diplomat and traveller who held minor office in Disraeli's second ministry, from 1874 to 1880. In 1874 he married Clementina, the second daughter of David Ogilvy, 10th Earl of Airlie, a union that linked the Mitfords to some of Britain's most prominent aristocratic families. Blanche Ogilvy, Clementina's elder sister, became the wife of Sir Henry Montague Hozier, a soldier turned businessman. Their four children included daughters Clementine ("Clemmie"), who in 1908 married the future British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and Nellie, who married Bertram Romilly. Both Hozier and Blanche were promiscuous, and it is generally accepted by historians and family members that Hozier was not Clemmie's father although he was registered as such. Blanche told her friend Lady Londonderry, shortly before Clemmie's birth, that the father of the expected child was her own brother-in-law, Bertie Mitford. Most historians believe that other candidates for the paternity are more likely.
Bertie Mitford's marriage produced five sons and four daughters. His career in government service ended in 1886 when, after the death of a cousin, he inherited a considerable fortune. A condition of the inheritance was that he adopt the surname "Freeman-Mitford". He rebuilt Batsford House in Gloucestershire, the family's country seat, served briefly as a Unionist MP in the 1890s and otherwise devoted himself to books, writings and travel. In 1902, he was raised to the peerage as 1st Baron Redesdale, a re-creation of a title that had previously been held in the family but had lapsed in 1886.
Selective Mitford family tree
Childhood
Parentage
Nancy Mitford's father, David Bertram Ogilvy Freeman-Mitford, was Bertie Mitford's second son, born on 13 March 1878. After several years as a tea planter in Ceylon he fought in the Boer War of 1899–1902 and was severely wounded. In 1903 he became engaged to Sydney Bowles, the elder daughter of Thomas Gibson Bowles, known as "Tap", a journalist, editor and magazine proprietor whose publications included Vanity Fair and The Lady. The couple were married on 16 February 1904, after which they rented a house in Graham Street in West London. Bowles provided his son-in-law with a job, as business manager of The Lady magazine. David had little interest in reading and knew nothing of business; thus, according to Nancy Mitford's biographer Selina Hastings, "a less congenial post ... could hardly have been imagined". He remained in this position for 10 years. The couple's first child, a daughter, was born on 28 November 1904; they had intended to call her Ruby, but after she was born they changed their minds and named her Nancy.
First years
Responsibility for Nancy's day-to-day upbringing was delegated to her nanny and nursemaid, within the framework of Sydney's short-lived belief that children should never be corrected or be spoken to in anger. Before this experiment was discontinued, Nancy had become self-centred and uncontrollable; Hastings writes that her first years were "characterised by roaring, red-faced rages". Just before her third birthday, a sister, Pamela, was born; the nanny's apparent change of loyalty in favour of the new arrival was a further source of outrage to Nancy, and throughout their childhood and into young adulthood she continued to vent her displeasure on her sister.
In January 1909 a brother, Tom was born, and in June 1910 another sister, Diana, followed. That summer, to relieve the pressure on what was becoming an overcrowded nursery, Nancy attended the nearby Francis Holland School. The few months she spent there represented almost the whole of her formal schooling; in the autumn the family moved to a larger house in Victoria Road, Kensington, after which Nancy was educated at home by successive governesses. Summers were spent at the family's cottage near High Wycombe, in Buckinghamshire, or with the children's Redesdale grandparents at Batsford Park. In the winter of 1913–14 David and Sydney visited Canada, prospecting for gold on a claim that David had purchased in Swastika, Ontario. It was here that their fifth child was conceived, a daughter born in London on 8 August 1914 and christened Unity.
War, Batsford Park and Asthall Manor
On the outbreak of the First World War on 4 August 1914, David re-joined his regiment and was soon in France. In May 1915, Clement, David's older brother, was killed while serving with the 10th Royal Hussars, which made David heir to the Redesdale title and lands. On 17 August 1916 Bertie Mitford died; David, still serving at the front, became the 2nd Baron Redesdale. Sydney quickly took possession of Batsford House, much of which had been shut up for many years, and occupied the portion of it that she could afford to heat. The children had the run of the house and grounds, and were taught together in the schoolroom. This was a source of frustration for Nancy, whose lively intelligence required greater stimulus. She spent many hours reading in the Batsford House library where, according to Hastings, the foundations of her intellectual life were laid.
The Redesdale estates were extensive, but uneconomical. At the end of the war Redesdale decided to sell Batsford Park and move his increasing family (a fifth daughter, Jessica, had been born in September 1917) to less extravagant accommodation. The house was sold early in 1919, together with many of its contents—including, to Nancy's great dismay, much of its library. The new family home was Asthall Manor, a Jacobean mansion near Swinbrook in Oxfordshire. This was intended as a short-term measure while a new house was built on land nearby. The family stayed in Asthall Manor for seven years, and it became the basis of many of the family scenes which Nancy was later to portray in her semi-autobiographical novels.
Growing up proved a difficult process for Nancy. Unable to form a relationship with Pamela, the sister nearest to her in age, she was bored and irritated by her younger siblings, and vented her feelings by teasing and tormenting them. Although there was undoubtedly cruelty in her taunting—the other children, led by Tom, formed a "Leag (sic) against Nancy"—her teasing was also, according to the later reflections of her nephew Alexander Mosley: "a highly-honed weapon to keep a lot of highly competitive, bright, energetic sisters in order. She used it ... as a form of self protection". Not all her interactions with her siblings were hostile; for their amusement she edited and produced a magazine, The Boiler, to which she contributed entertainingly gruesome murder stories.
In 1921, after years of pleading for proper schooling, Nancy was allowed a year's boarding at Hatherop Castle, an informal private establishment for young ladies of good family. Laura Thompson, in her biography of Nancy, describes Hatherop as not so much a school, "more a chaste foretaste of debutante life". Here Nancy learned French and other subjects, played organised games and joined a Girl Guide troop. It was her first extended experience of life away from home, and she enjoyed it. The following year she was allowed to accompany four other girls on a cultural trip to Paris, Florence and Venice; her letters home are full of expressions of wonder at the sights and treasures: "I had no idea I was so fond of pictures ... if only I had a room of my own I would make it a regular picture gallery".
Debutante and socialite
Nancy's eighteenth birthday in November 1922 was the occasion for a grand "coming-out" ball, which marked the beginning of her entry into Society. That was followed in June 1923 by her presentation at Court, a formal introduction to King George V at Buckingham Palace, after which she was officially "out" and could attend the balls and parties that constituted the London Season. She spent much of the next few years in a round of social events, making new friends and mixing with the "Bright Young People" of 1920s London. Nancy declared that "we hardly saw the light of day, except at dawn". In 1926 Asthall Manor was finally sold. While the new house at Swinbrook was made ready, the female members of the family were sent for three months to Paris, a period which, says Hastings, began Nancy's "lifelong love affair" with France.
Among Nancy's new London friends was Evelyn Gardner who, Nancy informed her brother Tom, was engaged "to a man called Evelyn Waugh who writes, I believe, very well". She and Waugh later developed a lasting friendship. Although she was now of age, her father maintained an aggressive hostility towards most of her male friends, particularly since, as Hastings remarks, these tended towards the frivolous, the aesthetic and the effeminate. Among them was Hamish St Clair Erskine, the second son of the 5th Earl of Rosslyn, an Oxford undergraduate four years Nancy's junior. He was, according to Hastings, the least suitable partner of all, "the most shimmering and narcissistic of all the beautiful butterflies"—and the one most likely to offend Lord Redesdale. The pair met in 1928 and became unofficially engaged, despite his homosexuality (of which Nancy may not have been aware). Against a backdrop of negativity from family and friends—Waugh advised her to "dress better and catch a better man"—the engagement endured sporadically for several years.
Incipient writer
As a means of augmenting the meagre allowance provided by her father, Mitford began writing, encouraged by Waugh. Her first efforts, anonymous contributions to gossip columns in society magazines, led to occasional signed articles, and in 1930 The Lady engaged her to write a regular column. That winter, she embarked on a full-length novel, Highland Fling, in which various characters—mostly identifiable among her friends, acquaintances and family—attend a Scottish house-party which develops chaotically. The book made little impact when it was published in March 1931, and she immediately began work on another, Christmas Pudding, illustrated by her close friend Mark Ogilvie-Grant. Like the earlier novel, the plot centres on a clash between the "Bright Young People" and the older generation. Hamish Erskine is clearly identifiable in the character of "Bobby Bobbin", and John Betjeman is the basis for the supporting role of Bobby's tutor. The thinly disguised caricatures pervading the book shocked Lady Redesdale, who thought it could not possibly be published under Mitford's own name.
The affair between Erskine and Mitford continued intermittently. While she often despaired of the relationship, she refused other offers of marriage, saying that she would "never marry anyone except Hamish." In 1932 her plight was overshadowed by a family scandal involving her younger sister Diana, who had married Bryan Guinness in 1928 and was the mother of two young sons. In 1932 Diana deserted her husband to become the mistress of Sir Oswald Mosley, the leader of the British Union of Fascists, himself married with three children. Almost alone of her family, Mitford offered her sister support, regularly visiting her and keeping her up to date with family news and social gossip. Her own love affair with Erskine came to an abrupt end when, in June 1933, he informed her that he intended to marry the daughter of a London banker. In a final letter after their parting, Mitford wrote to him: "I thought in your soul you loved me & that in the end we should have children & look back on life together when we are old".
Marriage, writing and politics
Within a month of Erskine's departure, Mitford announced her engagement to Peter Rodd, the second son of Sir Rennell Rodd, a diplomat and politician who was ennobled that year as Baron Rennell. According to Mitford's friend Harold Acton, Rodd was "a young man of boundless promise ... he had abundant qualifications for success in any profession he deigned to choose". Other biographers describe him as irresponsible, unfaithful, a bore and unable to hold down a regular job, and as the model for Waugh's unscrupulous, amoral character Basil Seal from Black Mischief. They were married on 4 December 1933, after which they settled into a cottage at Strand-on-the-Green on the western edges of London. Mitford's initial delight in the marriage was soon tempered by money worries, Rodd's fecklessness and her dislike of his family.
In 1934, Mitford began her third novel, Wigs on the Green, a satire on Sir Oswald Mosley's fascist "Blackshirt" movement. Mitford herself had briefly flirted with Mosley's New Party in 1931, although her enthusiasm was short-lived, and she soon became a vociferous opponent of the British Union of Fascists and of fascism. When the novel was published in 1935, it made little critical impact and seriously offended members of her own family, particularly her sisters Diana and Unity, both of whom were supporters of Mosley's movement and devotees of the German dictator Adolf Hitler. Diana eventually forgave Nancy, but Nancy's rift with Unity, who was outraged by her depiction in the book as the ridiculous "Eugenia Malmains", was never fully healed.
By 1936, Nancy Mitford's marriage was largely a sham. Rodd was engaged in an affair with the wife of a friend, a situation that continued into the new year, when the Mitford family was further shaken by the 19-year-old Jessica's elopement with her cousin Esmond Romilly. A rebellious ex-Wellington schoolboy and avowed Communist, Romilly fought on the Republican side in the Spanish Civil War. The young couple were traced to Bilbao, and Nancy was despatched to bring them home but failed to persuade them, and Jessica and Esmond were married in May 1937.
Through the winter of 1937–1938, Mitford's main literary task was editing the letters of her cousins the Stanleys of Alderley, with whom she was connected through her great-grandmother Blanche Airlie. Her preoccupation with the project, nine or ten hours a day, she informed her friend Robert Byron, further damaged her relationship with Rodd, who resented the time thus spent. Nevertheless, in the summer of 1938, she discovered that she was pregnant. She hoped for a girl: "2 Peter Rodds in 1 house is unthinkable", but in September, she miscarried. Early in 1939, Rodd left for southern France to work with the relief organisations assisting the thousands of Spanish refugees who had fled from General Franco's armies in the final stages of the civil war. In May, Mitford joined him and spent several weeks there as a relief worker. She was much affected by what she saw: "I have never cried so much in all my life". The experience hardened her antifascism to the extent that she wrote: "I would join hands with the devil himself to stop any further extension of the disease".
Having rejected the political extremes within her family, Nancy Mitford was a moderate socialist, but some of her works, such as her introductions to the Stanley letter collections, and her "U–non-U" essay of 1955, are staunch defences of the aristocratic traditions and values that she grew up with.
Second World War
The outbreak of war in September 1939 divided the Mitford family. Nancy and Rodd supported the Allies in the war. The Romillys had by this time departed for America, but the others either hoped for an Anglo-German détente or, as with Unity, were openly pro-Nazi. Unity was in Munich when war was declared. In despair, she attempted suicide by shooting herself in the head. She survived, and was sent home through neutral Switzerland. Mosley and Diana, who had married secretly in 1936, were detained under Defence Regulation 18B. Nancy, in full antifascist mode, had described her sister to the British Intelligence agency MI5 as "a ruthless and shrewd egotist, a devoted fascist and admirer of Hitler [who] sincerely desires the downfall of England and democracy in general". During the "Phoney War" of 1939–1940, Nancy was briefly an Air Raid Precautions (ARP) driver, and later worked shifts at a first-aid post in Paddington. She drew on those experiences in her fourth novel, Pigeon Pie, a comedy about spying. It was published by Hamish Hamilton in May 1940, while there was little public appetite for lighthearted war satire, and the book was a commercial failure.
In April 1940, Mitford suffered her second miscarriage. Shortly afterward, Rodd, who had been commissioned into the Welsh Guards, departed overseas. Alone in London, Mitford moved to the family's Rutland Gate house where she remained during the London Blitz. The main house had been requisitioned to provide a refuge for Jewish families evacuated from the bombed areas of the East End. Mitford spent much of her time looking after those families: "so hard-working, clean and grateful". A brief affair with a Free French officer, André Roy, resulted in a third pregnancy. Mitford again miscarried, with complications that led, in November 1941, to a hysterectomy. After convalescence, at loose ends, she began working as an assistant at the Heywood Hill bookshop in Curzon Street. The shop became the centre of Mitford's daily activities and was a favoured meeting place for London's literati. In September 1942, she met Gaston Palewski, a French colonel attached to General Charles de Gaulle's London staff. She found him fascinating, and he became the love of her life though her feelings were never fully reciprocated. He was an inspiration for much of her future writing. For the sake of Mitford's reputation, the affair was pursued with discretion before Palewski left for Algeria in May 1943. Thereafter, the relationship was conducted mainly by letters and occasional phone calls since Palewski was only intermittently in England before the end of the war.
The failure of Pigeon Pie had cooled Mitford's desire to write, but in 1944, with Waugh's encouragement, she began planning a new novel. In March 1945, she was given three months' leave from the shop to write it. The Pursuit of Love is a heavily autobiographical romantic comedy in which many of her family and acquaintances appear in thin disguises. Despite the distraction of learning that her brother Tom had died fighting in Burma, she finished the book and, in September, went to Paris. Ostensibly, that was to establish a French branch of Heywood Hill, but in reality, she wished to be close to Palewski, who was now a member of de Gaulle's postwar provisional government. She was back in London in December 1945 for the publication of The Pursuit of Love which was, Hastings records, "an instant and phenomenal success ... the perfect antidote to the long war years of hardship and austerity, providing the undernourished public with its favourite ingredients: love, childhood and the English upper classes". The book sold 200,000 copies within a year of publication, and firmly established Mitford as a best-selling author.
Move to Paris
At the end of the war, Rodd returned home, but the marriage was essentially over. Although remaining on friendly terms, the couple led separate lives. Mitford's visit to France in late 1945 had revived her longing to be there, and in April 1946, having given up working in the shop the previous month, she left London to make her permanent home in Paris and never lived in England again. She was a prolific letter writer and kept contact with her large cohort of friends by a voluminous correspondence. According to Hastings, she developed many of her friendships far further on paper than she could have done through normal social intercourse.
Rue Monsieur
During her first 18 months in Paris, Mitford lived in several short-term lodgings while she enjoyed a hectic social life, the hub of which was the British Embassy under the regime of the ambassador, Duff Cooper, and his socialite wife, Lady Diana Cooper. Eventually Mitford found a comfortable apartment, with a maid, at No. 7 rue Monsieur on the Left Bank, close to Palewski's residence. Settled there in comfort, she established a pattern to her life that she mostly followed for the next 20 years, her precise timetable being determined by Palewski's varying availability. Her socialising, entertaining and working were interspersed with regular short visits to family and friends in England and summers generally spent in Venice.
In 1948, Mitford completed a new novel, a sequel to The Pursuit of Love that she called Love in a Cold Climate, with the same country house ambience as the earlier book and many of the same characters. The novel's reception was even warmer than that of its predecessor. Waugh was one of the few critics to qualify his praise; he thought that the descriptions were good but the conversations poor. In 1950 she translated and adapted André Roussin's play La petite hutte ("The Little Hut"), in preparation for its successful West End début in August, The Timess critic noted the "habit of speech at once colloquial and unexpected which instantly declares itself the creation of Miss Mitford." The play ran for 1,261 performances, and provided Mitford with a steady £300 per month in royalties. The same year The Sunday Times asked her to contribute a regular column, which she did for four years. The busy period in her writing life continued in 1951 with her third postwar novel, The Blessing, another semi-autobiographical romance this time set in Paris, in which an aristocratic young Englishwoman is married to a libidinous French marquis. Harold Acton deems it her most accomplished novel, "permeated with her joyous love of France". This time Waugh (to whom the book was dedicated) had no criticism; he found the book "admirable, deliciously funny, consistent and complete, by far the best of your writings".
Mitford then began her first serious non-fiction work, a biography of Madame de Pompadour. The general view of the critics when the book was published in March 1954 was that it was "marvelous entertainment, if hardly to be taken as history". The historian AJP Taylor likened Mitford's evocation of 18th-century Versailles to "Alconleigh", the fictitious country house that formed the background to her recent best-selling novels, a comparison that she found offensive.
Noblesse Oblige
In 1954 Alan Ross, a University of Birmingham professor of linguistics, devised the terms "U" and "Non-U" to differentiate the speech patterns of the social classes in England. "U" indicated upper-class usage, and "Non-U" the conventions of the lower strata of society. His article, in a learned Finnish journal and with an illustrative glossary, used The Pursuit of Love to exemplify upper-class speech patterns. In a spirit of mischief, Mitford incorporated the U and Non-U thesis into an article she was writing for Encounter on the English aristocracy. Although the aspect formed only a small section of Mitford's article, when it was published in September 1955 it caused a major stir. Few recognised the tongue-in-cheek aspect. Mitford received hundreds of letters from worried readers desperate to know if they were snobs or merely "common". The level of anxious or amused interest was sustained to such an extent that in 1956 Hamish Hamilton reproduced the article in a short book, Noblesse Oblige. The book also included an abbreviated version of Ross's original article, and contributions from Waugh, Betjeman, Peter Fleming and Christopher Sykes, It was a tremendous success; as Lovell records, "'U and Non-U' was the buzz phrase of the day ... Nancy's comments made her the arbiter of good manners for several generations". Thompson notes the irony that the U and Non-U labels, perhaps Mitford's best-known legacy, were not her own but were borrowed for the purpose of a "tease".
Later career
In October 1957 Palewski was appointed as France's ambassador to Italy. Mitford's meetings with him, which had become increasingly rare because of his many political and social commitments, were now reduced to a single visit a year, supplemented with occasional letters. Mitford mainly concealed her true feelings on this separation, although one acquaintance noted her increasingly "savage" teasing of friends, which was perhaps a safety valve: "If she would only tell one she is unhappy one would do what one could to comfort her". In March 1958 Mitford's father, Lord Redesdale, died. After the cremation, she informed her sister Jessica, "the ashes were done up in the sort of parcel he used to bring back from London, rich thick brown paper & incredibly neat knots".
Meanwhile Mitford had completed her latest book, Voltaire in Love, an account of the love affair between Voltaire and the Marquise du Châtelet. She considered it her first truly grown-up work, and her best. Published in 1957, it sold well, was taken seriously by the critics and was warmly praised by Mitford's friends. Its writing had been hampered by painful headaches arising from her apparently failing eyesight and worries that she might be going blind. The problem was resolved after a visit to the ophthalmic surgeon Patrick Trevor-Roper, who gave her new spectacles: "It is heavenly to be able to read for a long time on end & now I see how handicapped I was when doing Voltaire". She then returned to writing fiction, with Don't Tell Alfred, in which she revived Fanny Wincham, the narrator of The Pursuit of Love and Love in a Cold Climate, and placed her in a Paris setting as wife of the British ambassador. Several characters familiar from the earlier novels appear in minor roles. The book, published in October 1960, was popular with the public, but received indifferent reviews. Some of Mitford's friends disliked it, and she decided she would write no more fiction.
In August 1962 Palewski was appointed a minister in Georges Pompidou's government, and returned to Paris. This did not mean more regular or frequent meetings, and the affair with Mitford continued at arm's length. In April 1963 Mitford was in England for the wedding of her cousin Angus Ogilvy to Princess Alexandra. A month later she was back for the funeral of her mother, Lady Redesdale, who died on 25 May. Mitford's friends were dying, too, "in middle age", she informed her long-time friend Violet Hammersley. The premature deaths included that of Evelyn Waugh, who died on 10 April 1966. Mitford saw the kindness and humour concealed behind his hostile public image, and said after his death: "What nobody ever remembers about Evelyn is everything with him was jokes. Everything". Thompson calls their relationship "one of the great literary friendships of the twentieth century".
Amidst these personal upheavals Mitford continued writing. In 1964 she began work on The Sun King, a biography of King Louis XIV. Her publishers decided to issue it as a lavishly illustrated "coffee table" book. When it was published in August 1966, among the many tributes to the book was that of President de Gaulle, who recommended it to every member of his cabinet. By this time, Mitford's relationship with Palewski had become dormant, and she recognised that the best days would never return. Under pressure from her landlords to leave her rue Monsieur apartment—they had raised her rent "exorbitantly"— she decided to leave Paris and buy herself a house in Versailles.
Final years
Mitford moved to No. 4 rue d'Artois, Versailles, in January 1967. The modest house had a half-acre (0.2 hectare) garden, which soon became one of her chief delights. In 1968 she began work on her final book, a biography of Frederick the Great. While confined at home in March 1969 after a series of illnesses she learned from a newspaper announcement that Palewski had married the Duchesse de Sagan, a rich divorcée. Mitford had long accepted that Palewski would never marry her. Nevertheless, she was deeply hurt by the news, although she affected a typical nonchalance. Shortly after, she entered hospital for the removal of a tumour. After the operation she continued to suffer pain, although she was able to continue working on her book. In October 1969 she undertook a tour of East Germany, to visit former royal palaces and battlefields. She finished the book, but in April 1970 was back in hospital for further tests, which did not lead to either a diagnosis or effective treatment.
Frederick the Great was published later in 1970 to a muted reception. Mitford's remaining years were dominated by her illness, although for a time she enjoyed visits from her sisters and friends, and working in her garden. In April 1972 the French government made her a Chevalier of the Légion d'Honneur, and later that year the British government appointed her a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE). She was delighted by the former honour, and amused by the latter—which she remembered Waugh had called an "insult" and turned down. At the end of 1972 she entered the Nuffield Clinic in London, where she was diagnosed with Hodgkin's lymphoma, a cancer of the blood. She lived for another six months, unable to look after herself and in almost constant pain, struggling to keep her spirits up. She wrote to her friend James Lees-Milne: "It's very curious, dying, and would have many a drôle amusing & charming side were it not for the pain". She died on 30 June 1973 at her home in the rue d'Artois and was cremated in Versailles, after which her ashes were taken to Swinbrook for burial alongside her sister Unity.
Writings
Fiction
Mitford had no training as a writer or journalist; her style, particularly in the pre-war novels, is chatty and informal, much as in her letters. She may have inherited some of her natural wit and sharpness of expression from her maternal grandfather Thomas Bowles, who in his youth during the Franco-Prussian War had provided dispatches which Acton describes as "extremely graphic and amusing". Mitford's fiction, based on upper-class family life and mores, belongs to the genre of the comedy of manners. Her protagonists—typically, intelligent women surrounded by eccentric characters determined to find life amusing—are broadly autobiographical. It is unsurprising, says Thompson, that Mitford should first attempt to write a novel in the early 1930s, since many of her friends were doing the same thing. What is surprising, Thompson adds, is the ease with which she found a publisher for this first book. Perhaps, says Thompson, her publishers Thornton Butterworth "liked the idea of this pretty, well-connected girl who wrote in the style du jour". Mitford was later embarrassed by her prewar novels; Rachel Cooke, writing on their reissue in 2011, believes she had no reason to be: "There is a special kind of energy here, and its engine is the admirable and irresistible commitment of a writer who would rather die than be boring".
Critics generally place the postwar novels in a different league from the earlier efforts; Cooke describes The Pursuit of Love as "an immaculate novel that soars many miles above what came before". In Acton's view it and its companion volume Love in a Cold Climate present an entirely authentic picture of country house life in England between the wars, and will long be consulted by historians of the period. In these later novels Zoë Heller of the Daily Telegraph hears in the prose, behind a new level of care and artfulness, "the unmistakeable Mitford trill, in whose light, bright cadences an entire hard-to-shock and easy-to-bore view of life is made manifest". At times a more serious undertone, contrasting with the "bright, brittle, essentially ephemeral" nature of her early works, becomes evident; Olivia Laing in the Guardian, discerns "a faint and beguiling pessimism about love's pursuit and its consequences" beneath the light superficiality.
The Blessing has provoked a more divided response. Waugh's judgement was that those who criticised the book were "lazy brutes ... [who] ... can't bear to see a writer grow up". More recently, Philip Hensher and others have argued that although the novel is immensely enjoyable and that Mitford's "marvellous voice" is undiminished, she is on less sure ground with her "Frenchness" than with the English country house ambience, and her picture of France as the embodiment of everything civilised is less than convincing. Similar mixed comments greeted Mitford's final novel, Don't Tell Alfred, Waugh again hailing it as her best, "clamouring for a sequel". In this judgement he was largely alone; other critics perceived in the anecdotal framework of the book an uncertainty as to what it was about. An American reviewer wondered what parts were to be taken seriously: "What exactly goes on? ... Can you always tell an Etonian, even when he goes beat? Is all modern architecture a fraud? Do U-people really talk this way?" Similar questions were raised in the Times Literary Supplements review, in relation to Mitford's fictional output as a whole: "Would she have been a better novelist if she had 'tried harder', gone in further, dropped the pose of amateurishness, cut the charm, looked beyond the worlds that she knew and, more importantly, loved?"
Biographical works
The gift for vivid characterisation, which Mitford developed in her fiction, was used to full effect in her four biographical works. In the first of these, Madame de Pompadour, she followed Waugh's advice not to write for experts but to fashion "a popular life like Strachey's Queen Victoria", with "plenty of period prettiness". This remained her yardstick in her subsequent biographical writings. Her own description of Voltaire in Love is "a Kinsey report of his romps with Mme de Châtelet and her romps with Saint-Lambert and his romps with Mme de Boufflers ... I could go on for pages". Acton thought The Sun King the most entertaining introduction to the subject in the English language. Mitford's informal style was remarked on by the literary critic Cyril Connolly, who wrote that her facility for transforming unpromising source material into readable form was a skill that any professional historian might envy. The historian Antonia Fraser considered Mitford an important contributor to the "remorseless process by which historical and biographical sales have soared since 1950".
Journalism, letters and other works
Mitford did not regard herself as a journalist: nevertheless, her articles were popular, particularly those she contributed on Paris life to The Sunday Times. Thompson describes this series as "a more sophisticated version of A Year in Provence, bringing France to the English in just the way that they most like it". Thompson adds that although Mitford was always a competent writer, it is in her letters, with their freedom of expression and flights of fancy, that her true character emerges. Many have been published within collections; they are, according to The Independents reviewer: "a delight, full of the sparks of an abrasive and entertaining wit, refreshingly free from politeness".
List of works
(Publisher details are for first publication only)
Novels
Biographies
Translation
(play translated and adapted from André Roussin's La petite hutte)
As editor
The book includes Mitford's essay "The English Aristocracy", first published in Encounter, September 1955.
Collections of letters
Other works
Mitford was a prolific writer of articles, reviews, essays and prefaces, some of which were published in two collections: The Water Beetle (Hamish Hamilton, 1962) and A Talent to Annoy (Hamish Hamilton, 1986). Her translation of Madame Lafayette's romantic novel La Princesse de Clèves was published in America in 1950, but was heavily criticised.
References
Informational notes
Citations
Bibliography
Ebook, first published by Cassell, London 1979.
External links
BBC Radio 4 Great Lives Programme on Nancy Mitford
1904 births
1973 deaths
Writers from London
Writers from Paris
English biographers
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Daughters of barons
Officiers of the Légion d'honneur
Nancy
English women novelists
English socialites
20th-century English women writers
20th-century English novelists
20th-century biographers
English women non-fiction writers
Women biographers
British emigrants to France | [
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125820 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jessica%20Mitford | Jessica Mitford | Jessica Lucy "Decca" Freeman-Mitford (11 September 1917 – 23 July 1996) was an English author, one of the six aristocratic Mitford sisters noted for their sharply conflicting politics.
Jessica married her second cousin Esmond Romilly, who was killed in World War II, and then American civil rights lawyer Robert Treuhaft, with whom she joined the American Communist Party and worked closely in the Civil Rights Congress. Both refused to testify in front of the House Un-American Activities Committee. They resigned from the party in 1958.
Her 1960 memoir Hons and Rebels and her 1963 book of social commentary The American Way of Death both became classics.
Early life and ancestry
Born at Asthall Manor, Oxfordshire, the sixth of seven children, Jessica Mitford was the daughter of David Freeman-Mitford, 2nd Baron Redesdale, and his wife Sydney (daughter of politician and publisher Thomas Bowles), and grew up in a series of her father's country houses. She had little formal education, but nevertheless did a great deal of reading. Her sisters Unity and Diana were well-known members of the British Union of Fascists and ultimately became close friends of Adolf Hitler, Unity becoming fanatically devoted to him. Diana married the British Union of Fascists' leader, Sir Oswald Mosley. Upon the outbreak of war between the UK and Nazi Germany, Unity tried to commit suicide in Munich, and Diana and her husband were interned in Britain without trial from May 1940 until November 1943.
Jessica (known as "Decca" to family and friends) later described her conservative father as "one of nature's fascists", renounced her privileged background while still a teenager and became an adherent of Communism. Mitford said that her parents had "appeased Hitler and Nazism. ... He had crushed the trade unions, he had crushed the Communist Party and he had crushed the Jews ... and don’t forget there’s a huge strain of anti-Semitism that runs through that class in England". She was known as the "red sheep" of the family.
Marriages and family
Life with Esmond Romilly
At the age of 19, Mitford met her second cousin, Esmond Romilly, who was recuperating from dysentery caught during a stint with the International Brigades defending Madrid during the Spanish Civil War. Romilly was a nephew (by marriage) of Winston Churchill. The cousins immediately fell in love and decided to elope to Spain, where Romilly picked up work as a reporter for the News Chronicle. After some legal difficulties caused by their relatives' opposition, they married. They moved to London and lived in the East End, then mostly a poor industrial area. Mitford gave birth at home to a daughter, Julia Decca Romilly, on 20 December 1937. The baby died in a measles epidemic the following May. Jessica Mitford rarely spoke of Julia in later life and she is not referred to by name in Mitford's 1960 autobiography, Hons and Rebels.
In 1939, Romilly and Mitford emigrated to the United States. They travelled around, working odd jobs, perpetually short of money. At the outset of World War II, Romilly enlisted in the Royal Canadian Air Force; Mitford was living in Washington D.C., and considered joining him once he was posted to England. While living in D.C, with contemporaries Virginia Foster Durr and Clifford Durr, she gave birth to another daughter, Constancia Romilly ("the Donk" or "Dinky") on 9 February 1941. Her husband went missing in action on 30 November 1941, on his way back from a bombing raid over Nazi Germany.
Life with Robert Treuhaft
Mitford threw herself into war work. Through this, she met and married the American civil rights lawyer Robert Treuhaft in 1943 and eventually settled in Oakland, California. She became an American citizen in 1944.
There, the couple had two sons; Nicholas, born in 1944 (who was killed in 1955 when hit by a bus), and Benjamin, born in 1947. Mitford approached her motherhood in a spirit of "benign neglect", described by her children as "matter-of-fact" and "not touchy-feely". She became closer to her own mother by letter over the decades, but remained estranged from her sister Diana for the rest of her life.
Career and politics
Communism and left-wing politics
Mitford and Treuhaft became active members of the Communist Party in 1943. Mitford spent much of the early 1950s working as executive secretary of the local Civil Rights Congress chapter. Through this and her husband's legal practice, she was involved in a number of civil rights campaigns, notably the failed attempt to stop the execution of Willie McGee, an African-American convicted of raping a white woman. In 1953, as Communist Party members at the height of McCarthyism and the 'Red Scare', they were summoned to testify in front of the House Un-American Activities Committee. Both refused to name radical groups and friends or testify about their participation in Communist organisations, and were dismissed as 'unresponsive'.
In 1956, Mitford published a pamphlet, "Lifeitselfmanship or How to Become a Precisely-Because Man". In response to Noblesse Oblige, the book her sister Nancy co-wrote and edited on the class distinctions in British English, popularising the phrases "U and non-U English" (upper class and non-upper class), Jessica described L and non-L (Left and non-Left) English, mocking the clichés used by her comrades in the all-out class struggle. (The title alludes to Stephen Potter's satirical series of books that included Lifemanship.)
Mitford and Treuhaft resigned from the American Communist Party in 1958, because they had come to the conclusion they could pursue their ideals more effectively outside the party. Mitford felt the party had become "rather useless".
In 1960, Mitford published her first book Hons and Rebels (US title: Daughters and Rebels), a memoir covering her youth in the Mitford household.
Investigative journalism
In May 1961, Mitford travelled to Montgomery, Alabama, while working on an article about Southern attitudes for Esquire. While there, she and a friend went to meet the arrival of a group of Freedom Riders and became caught up in a riot when a mob, led by the Ku Klux Klan, attacked the civil rights activists. After the riot, Mitford proceeded to a rally led by Martin Luther King Jr. The church at which this was held was also attacked by the Klan, and Mitford and the group spent the night barricaded inside until the siege was ended by the arrival of Alabama National Guard troops.
Through his work with unions and death benefits, Treuhaft became interested in the funeral industry and persuaded Mitford to write an investigative article on the subject. Though the article, "Saint Peter Don't You Call Me", published in Frontier magazine, was not widely disseminated, it caught considerable attention when Mitford appeared on a local television broadcast with two industry representatives. Convinced of public interest, she wrote The American Way of Death, which was published in 1963. In the book, Mitford harshly criticised the industry for using unscrupulous business practices to take advantage of grieving families. The book became a major best-seller and led to Congressional hearings on the funeral industry. The book was one of the inspirations for filmmaker Tony Richardson's 1965 film The Loved One, which was based on Evelyn Waugh's short satirical 1948 novel of the same name, tellingly subtitled "An Anglo-American Tragedy".
After The American Way of Death, Mitford continued with her investigative journalism. In 1970, she published an article in the Atlantic Monthly, "Let Us Now Appraise Famous Writers", an exposé of the Famous Writers School, a correspondence course of questionable business practices founded by Bennett Cerf. She published The Trial of Dr. Spock, the Rev. William Sloane Coffin, Jr., Michael Ferber, Mitchell Goodman and Marcus Raskin, an account of the five men's 1970 trial on charges of conspiracy to violate the draft laws, followed by a harsh critique of the American prison system entitled Kind and Usual Punishment: The Prison Business (1973), an allusion to the phrase "cruel and unusual punishment".
Mitford was a distinguished professor for the one semester in 1973 at San Jose State University, where she taught a course called "The American Way" that covered the Watergate scandal and the McCarthy era. Because of disagreements with the dean over her taking a loyalty oath and submitting to fingerprinting, the campus was thrown into protests and she was forced to go to court to remain able to teach.
Books and music
Mitford's second memoir, A Fine Old Conflict (1977), comically describes her experiences joining and eventually leaving the Communist Party USA. Mitford titled the book after what, in her youth, she thought were the lyrics to the Communist anthem, "The Internationale", which actually are "Tis the final conflict". Mitford recounts how she was invited to join the Communist Party by her co-worker Dobby, to whom she responded "We thought you'd never ask!" She bristled against the conservative structure in the CP, at one point upsetting the women's caucus by printing a poster with "Girls! Girls! Girls!" to draw people to an event. She mercilessly teased an elder Communist about what she perceived as his paranoia when he wrote out the name of a town where she could get chickens donated from "loyal party members" for a fund raiser. When he wrote Petaluma on a scrap of paper to avoid being overheard by possible bugs, she asked in jest how the chickens should be prepared, and wrote, "Fried or broiled".
In addition to writing and activism, Mitford tried her hand at music as singer for "Decca and the Dectones", a cowbell and kazoo orchestra. She performed at numerous benefits and opened for Cyndi Lauper on the roof of the Virgin Records store in San Francisco. She recorded two short albums: one contains her rendition of "Maxwell's Silver Hammer" and "Grace Darling", and the other, two duets with friend and poet Maya Angelou. Her last work was an update entitled The American Way of Death Revisited.
Death
Mitford died of lung cancer in 1996, aged 78. In keeping with her wishes, she had an inexpensive funeral, costing $533.31 – she was cremated without a ceremony, her ashes scattered at sea, the cremation itself costing $475. At the time of her death, the San Francisco Chronicle columnist Herb Caen wrote "In this strangely flat era of 'diversity,' she was the rarest of birds, an exotic creature who rose each morning to become the sun around whom thousands of lives revolved."
Her widower, Robert Treuhaft, survived her by five years.
Descendants
Two of her four children pre-deceased her.
Her surviving daughter, Constancia Romilly, continued the activist tradition, working for the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, which campaigned for African-American civil rights; she eventually became an emergency room nurse. Romilly had two children with Committee director James Forman: James Forman Jr., a Yale professor and Pulitzer Prize-winning author, and Chaka Forman, an actor.
Her younger son, Ben Treuhaft is a piano tuner based in Coventry, UK.
Legacy and influence
John Pilger, who had interviewed Mitford in 1983 for his series Outsiders, said she "combined a finely honed social conscience and a wonderful gallows humour. She inverted stereotypes. I liked her enormously".
The author Christopher Hitchens expressed his admiration for Jessica Mitford and praised Hons and Rebels.
J. K. Rowling, author of the Harry Potter series, stated in 2002:
Rowling reviewed Mitford's book of letters, Decca, in The Sunday Telegraph in 2006.
In 2010, Leslie Brody’s biography of Mitford, Irrepressible, The Life and Times of Jessica Mitford was published by Counterpoint Press.
In 2013, the singer David Bowie named The American Way of Death as one of his favourite books.
Works
Hons and Rebels (U.S.: Daughters and Rebels), 1960
The American Way of Death, 1963
The Trial of Dr. Spock, the Rev. William Sloane Coffin, Jr., Michael Ferber, Mitchell Goodman, and Marcus Raskin, Macdonald, 1969
Kind and Usual Punishment: The Prison Business, Alfred A. Knopf, 1973
A Fine Old Conflict, London: Michael Joseph, 1977
The Making of a Muckraker, London: Michael Joseph, 1979
Poison Penmanship: The Gentle Art of Muckraking, 1979
Grace Had an English Heart: The Story of Grace Darling, Heroine and Victorian Superstar, E. P. Dutton & Co, 1988.
The American Way of Birth, 1992
The American Way of Death Revisited, 1998
Decca: The Letters of Jessica Mitford, edited by journalist Peter Y. Sussman. Alfred A. Knopf, 2006.
Dramatisations and portrayals
Extracts from Decca: The Letters of Jessica Mitford were dramatised for Book of the Week, BBC Radio 4, five 15-minute programmes broadcast in November 2006. The readers were Rosamund Pike and Tom Chadbon; the producer was Chris Wallis.
Mitford is portrayed by Sienna Guillory in the 2020 film Son of the South.
See also
The Mitfords: Letters Between Six Sisters
Asthall Manor
List of people from Oakland, California
References
External links
Jessica Mitford memorial site
The Mitford Institute
Jessica Mitford Papers at The Ohio State University's Rare Books & Manuscripts Library
Peter Y. Sussman's main page on Decca: The Letters of Jessica Mitford
Albion Monitor report on Jessica Mitford
Correspondence Between Clinton, Treuhaft, and Mitford
Jessica Mitford's papers at the Harry Ransom Center at the University of Texas at Austin
Robert Boynton website
Audio interview by Christopher Hitchens with Jessica Mitford (1988)
James Forman Jr. – Grandson of Jessica Mitford
The Official Nancy Mitford Website
The Outsiders: John Pilger interviews Jessica Mitford Wilfred
1917 births
1996 deaths
20th-century English women writers
20th-century English writers
20th-century American memoirists
American women memoirists
British communists
Communist women writers
Daughters of barons
Deaths from cancer in California
Deaths from lung cancer
English emigrants to the United States
English expatriates in the United States
English journalists
English memoirists
English socialites
English women writers
People from Gloucestershire
People from West Oxfordshire District
Persons involved with death and dying
Writers from Oakland, California
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125822 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mansfield%20Township%2C%20Warren%20County%2C%20New%20Jersey | Mansfield Township, Warren County, New Jersey | Mansfield Township is a township in Warren County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the township's population was 7,725, reflecting an increase of 1,072 (+16.1%) from the 6,653 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn declined by 501 (-7.0%) from the 7,154 counted in the 1990 Census. The township is part of the eastern region of the Lehigh Valley.
What is now Mansfield Township was formed on May 30, 1754, as Mansfield-Woodhouse Township from portions of Greenwich Township, while the area was still part of Sussex County, and was incorporated as Mansfield Township on February 21, 1798, as one of New Jersey's initial group of 104 townships by an act of the New Jersey Legislature. The township became part of the newly formed Warren County on November 20, 1824. Portions of the township were taken to form Franklin Township (April 8, 1839) and Washington Township (April 9, 1849). The township was named after William Murray, 1st Earl of Mansfield.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township had a total area of 29.69 square miles (76.90 km2), including 29.59 square miles (76.63 km2) of land and 0.11 square miles (0.27 km2) of water (0.35%).
Anderson (with a 2010 Census population of 342), Beattystown (4,554) and Port Murray (129) are unincorporated communities and census-designated places (CDPs) located within the township.
Other unincorporated communities, localities and place names located partially or completely within the township include Karrsville, Mount Bethel, Penwell, Rockport and Stephensburg.
The township borders the municipalities of Hackettstown, Independence Township, Liberty Township, Oxford Township and Washington Township in Warren County; Lebanon Township in Hunterdon County; and Washington Township in Morris County.
Demographics
The Township's economic data (as is all of Warren County) is calculated by the US Census Bureau as part of the Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Census 2010
The Census Bureau's 2006-2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $74,063 (with a margin of error of +/- $8,316) and the median family income was $87,434 (+/- $8,330). Males had a median income of $56,567 (+/- $5,612) versus $41,583 (+/- $1,597) for females. The per capita income for the borough was $32,259 (+/- $2,751). About 5.1% of families and 6.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.3% of those under age 18 and 3.9% of those age 65 or over.
Census 2000
As of the 2000 United States Census there were 6,653 people, 2,334 households, and 1,750 families residing in the township. The population density was 222.3 people per square mile (85.9/km2). There were 2,415 housing units at an average density of 80.7 per square mile (31.2/km2). The racial makeup of the township was 90.91% White, 4.51% African American, 0.24% Native American, 1.22% Asian, 1.59% from other races, and 1.53% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.37% of the population.
There were 2,334 households, out of which 39.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.3% were married couples living together, 9.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.0% were non-families. 18.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.76 and the average family size was 3.18.
In the ownship the population was spread out, with 27.0% under the age of 18, 6.2% from 18 to 24, 32.4% from 25 to 44, 22.7% from 45 to 64, and 11.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.2 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $61,763, and the median income for a family was $76,102. Males had a median income of $50,295 versus $35,737 for females. The per capita income for the township was $26,277. About 2.7% of families and 3.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.9% of those under age 18 and 5.9% of those age 65 or over.
Government
Local government
Mansfield Township is governed under the Township form of New Jersey municipal government, one of 141 municipalities (of the 565) statewide that use this form, the second-most commonly used form of government in the state. The Township Committee is comprised of five members, who are elected directly by the voters at-large in partisan elections to serve three-year terms of office on a staggered basis, with either one or two seats coming up for election each year as part of the November general election in a three-year cycle. At an annual reorganization meeting conducted during the first week of January, the Township Committee selects one of its members to serve as Mayor and another to serve as Deputy Mayor.
, members of the Mansfield Township Committee are Mayor Joseph Watters (R, term on committee ends December 31, 2021; term as mayor ends 2020), Deputy mayor Ron Hayes (R, term on committee and as deputy mayor ends 2020), Desiree Mora Dillon (R, 2022) and Joseph Farino (R, 2020), with one seat vacant.
In January 2020, Tony Cardell, who had been elected as a Republican in November 2019, announced that he would not be taking office for the seat expiring in December 2022.
Federal, state and county representation
Mansfield Township is located in the 5th Congressional District and is part of New Jersey's 23rd state legislative district.
Politics
As of March 23, 2011, there were a total of 4,443 registered voters in Mansfield Township, of which 779 (17.5% vs. 21.5% countywide) were registered as Democrats, 1,784 (40.2% vs. 35.3%) were registered as Republicans and 1,877 (42.2% vs. 43.1%) were registered as Unaffiliated. There were three voters registered to other parties. Among the township's 2010 Census population, 57.5% (vs. 62.3% in Warren County) were registered to vote, including 74.6% of those ages 18 and over (vs. 81.5% countywide).
In the 2012 presidential election, Republican Mitt Romney received 1,789 votes (57.6% vs. 56.0% countywide), ahead of Democrat Barack Obama with 1,232 votes (39.7% vs. 40.8%) and other candidates with 45 votes (1.4% vs. 1.7%), among the 3,105 ballots cast by the township's 4,596 registered voters, for a turnout of 67.6% (vs. 66.7% in Warren County). In the 2008 presidential election, Republican John McCain received 1,925 votes (57.5% vs. 55.2% countywide), ahead of Democrat Barack Obama with 1,328 votes (39.7% vs. 41.4%) and other candidates with 50 votes (1.5% vs. 1.6%), among the 3,349 ballots cast by the township's 4,504 registered voters, for a turnout of 74.4% (vs. 73.4% in Warren County). In the 2004 presidential election, Republican George W. Bush received 2,043 votes (64.6% vs. 61.0% countywide), ahead of Democrat John Kerry with 1,076 votes (34.0% vs. 37.2%) and other candidates with 34 votes (1.1% vs. 1.3%), among the 3,163 ballots cast by the township's 4,227 registered voters, for a turnout of 74.8% (vs. 76.3% in the whole county).
In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 74.1% of the vote (1,251 cast), ahead of Democrat Barbara Buono with 23.7% (401 votes), and other candidates with 2.2% (37 votes), among the 1,715 ballots cast by the township's 4,683 registered voters (26 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 36.6%. In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 1,415 votes (66.5% vs. 61.3% countywide), ahead of Democrat Jon Corzine with 482 votes (22.6% vs. 25.7%), Independent Chris Daggett with 171 votes (8.0% vs. 9.8%) and other candidates with 29 votes (1.4% vs. 1.5%), among the 2,129 ballots cast by the township's 4,360 registered voters, yielding a 48.8% turnout (vs. 49.6% in the county).
Education
Students in public school for pre-kindergarten through sixth grade are served by the Mansfield Township School District at Mansfield Township Elementary School. As of the 2018–19 school year, the district, comprised of one school, had an enrollment of 607 students and 56.8 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 10.7:1.
Public school students in seventh through twelfth grades attend the schools of the Warren Hills Regional School District, which also serves students from the municipalities of Franklin Township, Washington Borough and Washington Township, along with those from Oxford Township (for 9-12 only, attending on a tuition basis). Schools in the district (with 2018–19 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics) are
Warren Hills Regional Middle School with 542 students in grades 7 and 8 (located in Washington Borough) and
Warren Hills Regional High School with 1,205 students in grades 9 - 12 (located in Washington Township). Seats on the high school district's nine-member board of education are allocated to based on the population of the constituent municipalities, with three seats assigned to Mansfield Township.
Students from the township and from all of Warren County are eligible to attend Ridge and Valley Charter School in Frelinghuysen Township (for grades K-8) or Warren County Technical School in Washington borough (for 9-12), with special education services provided by local districts supplemented throughout the county by the Warren County Special Services School District in Oxford Township (for PreK-12).
Transportation
Roads and highways
, the township had a total of of roadways, of which were maintained by the municipality, by Warren County and by the New Jersey Department of Transportation.
The only major roads that pass through are Route 31 which passes through briefly in the west, and Route 57 in the southern part.
No limited access roads traverse through. However, they are accessible two towns over such as Interstate 78 (in Franklin, Union, Clinton and Tewksbury townships) and Interstate 80 (in Knowlton, Hope, Allamuchy and Mount Olive townships).
Public transportation
A small general aviation airport, named Hackettstown Airport and holding the official database designation of is in Mansfield Township, only a few hundred yards from the municipal border with Hackettstown proper.
Rail service is provided into Hackettstown by NJ Transit over Norfolk Southern's Washington Secondary line which, in the Rockport section of Mansfield Township, passes the location of the Rockport Wreck, a train accident that occurred on June 16, 1925, that resulted in 50 fatalities.
Notable people
People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Mansfield Township include:
Michael Weiner (1961-2013), attorney who served as the fifth executive director of the Major League Baseball Players Association.
References
External links
Mansfield Township website
1754 establishments in New Jersey
Populated places established in 1754
Township form of New Jersey government
Townships in Warren County, New Jersey | [
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125824 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford%20Township%2C%20New%20Jersey | Oxford Township, New Jersey | Oxford Township is a township in Warren County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the township's population was 2,514. It part of the easternmost region of the Lehigh Valley.
Oxford Township was formed from portions of Greenwich Township on May 30, 1754, while the area was still part of Sussex County. It was incorporated on February 21, 1798, as one of New Jersey's initial group of townships by an act of the New Jersey Legislature. Mansfield Township became part of the newly formed Warren County on November 20, 1824. Over the centuries since its creation, portions of the township were taken to form Knowlton Township (February 23, 1763), Franklin Township, Harmony Township and Hope Township (all on April 8, 1839), Belvidere (April 7, 1845) and White Township (April 9, 1913).
The origin of the name and the exact date of the township's creation is in dispute. One source says that the township was named for the University of Oxford in England, and was formed in either 1753 or 1755, but other sources claim that the township was named after an early settler named John Axford, who came to settle in the area with others between 1735 and 1739, and affirms that the township's creation was in 1755.
Oxford Furnace, constructed in 1741, was the third furnace in Colonial New Jersey and the first constructed at a site where iron ore was mined. Other furnaces used ore extracted from bogs in South Jersey, impure deposits called bog iron. Oxford Furnace operated the longest of any of the Colonial-era furnaces, not being "blown out" until 1884. In 1835, it was the site of America's first successful use of the hot blast in which preheated air was blown into the furnace, cutting production time. Though worn down by time, much of the site still stands. Oxford Furnace is listed on the State and the National Register of Historic Places.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township had a total area of 6.06 square miles (15.70 km2), including 5.96 square miles (15.43 km2) of land and 0.10 square miles (0.26 km2) of water (1.67%).
Oxford CDP (with a 2010 Census population of 1,090) is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) located within the township. Oxford CDP and Oxford Township are not coextensive, with the CDP covering 11.7% of the of the township as a whole.
Other unincorporated communities, localities and place names located partially or completely within the township include Pequest.
The township borders the Warren County municipalities of Mansfield Township, Washington Township and White Township.
Climate
Being in the Northeast, Oxford experiences all four seasons with hot humid summers and cold, snowy winters.
Demographics
The Township's economic data (as is all of Warren County) is calculated by the US Census Bureau as part of the Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Census 2010
The Census Bureau's 2006-2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $66,268 (with a margin of error of ± $3,864) and the median family income was $76,186 (± $8,432). Males had a median income of $56,731 (± $11,282) versus $36,816 (± $5,060) for females. The per capita income for the borough was $29,948 (± $2,220). About 1.5% of families and 3.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.6% of those under age 18 and 5.2% of those age 65 or over.
Census 2000
As of the 2000 United States Census there were 2,307 people, 886 households, and 618 families residing in the township. The population density was 388.7 inhabitants per square mile (150.0/km2). There were 938 housing units at an average density of 158.0 per square mile (61.0/km2). The racial makeup of the township was 96.58% White, 1.21% African American, 0.22% Native American, 0.52% Asian, 0.65% from other races, and 0.82% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.47% of the population.
There were 886 households, out of which 37.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.1% were married couples living together, 6.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.2% were non-families. 26.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.60 and the average family size was 3.18.
In the township the population was spread out, with 27.5% under the age of 18, 5.0% from 18 to 24, 35.9% from 25 to 44, 20.3% from 45 to 64, and 11.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.0 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $53,359, and the median income for a family was $63,750. Males had a median income of $45,667 versus $31,210 for females. The per capita income for the township was $23,515. About 2.6% of families and 4.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.1% of those under age 18 and 7.9% of those age 65 or over.
Government
Local government
Oxford Township is governed under the Township form of New Jersey municipal government, one of 141 municipalities (of the 565) statewide that use this form, the second-most commonly used form of government in the state. The Township Committee is comprised of three members, who are elected directly by the voters at-large in partisan elections to serve three-year terms of office on a staggered basis, with one seat coming up for election each year as part of the November general election in a three-year cycle. At an annual reorganization meeting held during the first week of January, the Township Committee selects one of its members to serve as Mayor and another to serve as Deputy Mayor.
, members of the Oxford Township Committee are Mayor Gerald Norton (R, term on committee and as mayor ends December 31, 2021), Deputy Mayor Georgette Miller (R, term on committee ends 2022; term as deputy mayor ends 2021) and Linda Koufodonetes (R, 2023; appointed to serve an unexpired term).
In August 2021, the committee selected Linda Koufodontes to fill the vacant seat expiring in December 2023 that had been held by Robert Nyland until he resigned from office. Koufodontes will serve on an interim basis until the November 2021, when voters will choose a candidate to serve the balance of the term of office.
After committee member Keith Gibbons resigned in July 2014 in the wake of harassment claims, Mayor Jade White and committee member Jim Williams resigned in August 2014 after realizing that Williams should have been up for election the previous November following his appointment to office. This left the township with no serving council members. In September 2014, Governor Chris Christie appointed Democrat Bill Bray and Republicans Marck Pasquini and Bill Ryan to fill the three vacant seats on an interim basis until the November 2014 general election, with the committee selecting Pasquini as mayor and Ryan as deputy mayor. In the November 2014 general election, Ryan was elected to serve the balance of the term expiring in December 2016.
Federal, state and county representation
Oxford Township is located in the 5th Congressional District and is part of New Jersey's 24th state legislative district. Prior to the 2011 reapportionment following the 2010 Census, Oxford Township had been in the 23rd state legislative district.
Politics
As of March 23, 2011, there were a total of 1,464 registered voters in Oxford Township, of which 338 (23.1% vs. 21.5% countywide) were registered as Democrats, 555 (37.9% vs. 35.3%) were registered as Republicans and 569 (38.9% vs. 43.1%) were registered as Unaffiliated. There were two voters registered to other parties. Among the township's 2010 Census population, 58.2% (vs. 62.3% in Warren County) were registered to vote, including 76.6% of those ages 18 and over (vs. 81.5% countywide).
In the 2012 presidential election, Republican Mitt Romney received 591 votes (57.4% vs. 56.0% countywide), ahead of Democrat Barack Obama with 403 votes (39.1% vs. 40.8%) and other candidates with 20 votes (1.9% vs. 1.7%), among the 1,030 ballots cast by the township's 1,495 registered voters, for a turnout of 68.9% (vs. 66.7% in Warren County). In the 2008 presidential election, Republican John McCain received 662 votes (58.0% vs. 55.2% countywide), ahead of Democrat Barack Obama with 417 votes (36.5% vs. 41.4%) and other candidates with 22 votes (1.9% vs. 1.6%), among the 1,142 ballots cast by the township's 1,517 registered voters, for a turnout of 75.3% (vs. 73.4% in Warren County). In the 2004 presidential election, Republican George W. Bush received 698 votes (63.1% vs. 61.0% countywide), ahead of Democrat John Kerry with 379 votes (34.3% vs. 37.2%) and other candidates with 19 votes (1.7% vs. 1.3%), among the 1,106 ballots cast by the township's 1,443 registered voters, for a turnout of 76.6% (vs. 76.3% in the whole county).
In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 73.6% of the vote (514 cast), ahead of Democrat Barbara Buono with 24.2% (169 votes), and other candidates with 2.1% (15 votes), among the 725 ballots cast by the township's 1,516 registered voters (27 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 47.8%. In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 503 votes (64.0% vs. 61.3% countywide), ahead of Democrat Jon Corzine with 176 votes (22.4% vs. 25.7%), Independent Chris Daggett with 83 votes (10.6% vs. 9.8%) and other candidates with 12 votes (1.5% vs. 1.5%), among the 786 ballots cast by the township's 1,468 registered voters, yielding a 53.5% turnout (vs. 49.6% in the county).
Education
The Oxford Township School District serves public school students in pre-kindergarten through eighth grade at Oxford Central School. As of the 2018–19 school year, the district, comprised of one school, had an enrollment of 275 students and 30.0 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 9.2:1.
Public school students in ninth through twelfth grades are served by the Warren Hills Regional School District, which is a district for grades 7-12 that also serves students from the municipalities of Franklin Township, Mansfield Township, Washington Borough and Washington Township, with students from Oxford Township attending on a tuition basis as part of a sending/receiving relationship. Schools in the district (with 2018–19 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics) are
Warren Hills Regional Middle School with 542 students in grades 7 and 8 (located in Washington Borough) and
Warren Hills Regional High School with 1,205 students in grades 9 - 12 (located in Washington Township).
Students from the township and from all of Warren County are eligible to attend Ridge and Valley Charter School in Frelinghuysen Township (for grades K-8) or Warren County Technical School in Washington borough (for 9-12), with special education services provided by local districts supplemented throughout the county by the Warren County Special Services School District in Oxford Township (for PreK-12).
Transportation
, the township had a total of of roadways, of which were maintained by the municipality, by Warren County and by the New Jersey Department of Transportation.
The main road that passes through is Route 31.
The closest limited access roads (Interstate 78 and Interstate 80) are at least 20 minutes away.
Notable people
People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Oxford Township include:
Kirk Alyn (1910-1999), actor best known for being the first actor to play the DC Comics character Superman, appearing on screen in the 1948 film serial Superman, and its 1950 sequel Atom Man vs. Superman.
Keith Jarrett (born 1945), jazz pianist and composer.
George M. Robeson (1829-1897), Union Army general during the American Civil War, and United States Secretary of the Navy during the Grant administration.
Points of interest
Oxford Furnace
Shippen Manor
References
External links
Oxford Township website
1754 establishments in New Jersey
Populated places established in 1754
Township form of New Jersey government
Townships in Warren County, New Jersey | [
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|
125825 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phillipsburg%2C%20New%20Jersey | Phillipsburg, New Jersey | Phillipsburg is a town in Warren County, New Jersey in the Lehigh Valley region of eastern Pennsylvania and northwestern New Jersey in the United States. The town is located across the Delaware River from Easton, Pennsylvania in western New Jersey on the border with Pennsylvania.
As of 2010 United States Census, the town's population was 14,950, reflecting a decline of 216 (−1.4%) from the 15,166 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn declined by 591 (−3.8%) from the 15,757 counted in the 1990 Census.
The Norfolk Southern Railway's Lehigh Line (formerly the mainline of the Lehigh Valley Railroad with a mix of mainline trackage combined long leased to the Central Railroad of New Jersey by its builder Lehigh Coal & Navigation Company), runs through Phillipsburg on its way cross river to Easton, Pennsylvania. The Belvidere Delaware Railroad was leased (1871) and later acquired by the Pennsylvania Railroad connecting the lower Poconos to Trenton, New Jersey and Philadelphia.
History
The town grew from a sleepy agricultural village (in 1824), and was transformed into a transportation hub and shipping center as the Delaware River terminus of the Morris Canal (1829–1924), with operations commencing in 1831. the first transportation infrastructure project (of several, each eventually) giving the community a direct connection to New York City. The Central Railroad of New Jersey would soon follow with a connection, but the community's growth (and for a long while, its importance) was that it reached the canal terminals of both the Delaware Canal and the Lehigh Canal by its cross-river cable ferry system to Easton, Pennsylvania. In 1853, the Lehigh Valley Railroad connected across the river with the CNJ and a passenger short line railroad, the Belvidere Delaware Railroad, as well as the Morris Canal, all within Phillipsburg. Rapid growth followed quickly.
Phillipsburg was incorporated as a town by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on March 8, 1861, from portions of Phillipsburg Township (now Lopatcong Township). The town was named for William Phillips, an early settler of the area.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town had a total area of 3.31 square miles (8.58 km2), including 3.19 square miles (8.26 km2) of land and 0.12 square miles (0.31 km2) of water (3.66%).
Unincorporated communities, localities and place names located partially or completely within the town include Andover Furnace, Delaware Park, Lopatcong Heights, Shirmers and Warren Heights.
Pohatcong Mountain is a ridge, approximately long, in the Appalachian Mountains that extends from Phillipsburg northeast approximately to Washington.
Phillipsburg borders the municipalities of Lopatcong Township and Pohatcong Township in Warren County; and both Easton, Pennsylvania and Williams Township across the Delaware River in Northampton County.
Climate
Demographics
The Town's economic data (as is all of Warren County) is calculated by the US Census Bureau as part of the Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Census 2010
The Census Bureau's 2006–2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $42,825 (with a margin of error of +/- $3,386) and the median family income was $51,334 (+/- $3,243). Males had a median income of $44,311 (+/- $2,090) versus $37,673 (+/- $6,847) for females. The per capita income for the borough was $21,291 (+/- $1,061). About 16.5% of families and 18.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 31.1% of those under age 18 and 6.5% of those age 65 or over.
Census 2000
As of the 2000 United States Census there were 15,166 people, 6,044 households, and 3,946 families residing in the town. The population density was 4,703.6 people per square mile (1,818.5/km2). There were 6,651 housing units at an average density of 2,062.8 per square mile (797.5/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 91.84% White, 3.47% African American, 0.12% Native American, 0.83% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 2.02% from other races, and 1.71% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.38% of the population.
There were 6,044 households, out of which 31.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.4% were married couples living together, 16.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.7% were non-families. 29.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.49 and the average family size was 3.08.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 26.6% under the age of 18, 7.9% from 18 to 24, 30.1% from 25 to 44, 20.2% from 45 to 64, and 15.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.5 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $37,368, and the median income for a family was $46,925. Males had a median income of $37,446 versus $25,228 for females. The per capita income for the town was $18,452. About 9.9% of families and 13.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.6% of those under age 18 and 11.1% of those age 65 or over.
Economy
Industrial history
Phillipsburg had historically benefited from being a major transportation hub, then manufacturing with the investments by Ingersoll Rand in 1903 by opening the first Ingersoll-Sergeant factory in Phillipsburg. Within a year it employed 1,000 people, reaching a peak of 5,000. Phillipsburg is being reinvented once again as a tourist attraction based on Eco-Tourism. The town is situated at the confluence of the Delaware and Lehigh rivers. Phillipsburg served as the western terminus of the Morris Canal for approximately 100 years from the 1830s to 1920s, which connected the city by water to the industrial and consumer centers of the New York City area, with connections westward via the Lehigh Canal and Delaware Canal across the Delaware. Long gone is the era of canal shipping and many of the important freight railways that served the area have gone bankrupt or bypass the city on long-distance routes.
Phillipsburg was served by five major railroads:
1. Central Railroad of New Jersey (CNJ)
2. Lehigh & Hudson River Railroad (L&HR)
3. Lehigh Valley Railroad (LVRR)
4. Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Phillipsburg Branch (DL&W)
5. Pennsylvania Railroad Belvidere Division (PRR)
Economic revival
A majority of the manufacturing jobs left Warren County's largest city once Ingersoll Rand closed operations in 2000.
Portions of the town are part of an Urban Enterprise Zone (UEZ), one of 32 zones covering 37 municipalities statewide. The city was selected in 1994 as one of a group of 10 zones added to participate in the program. In addition to other benefits to encourage employment within the UEZ, shoppers can take advantage of a reduced 3.3125% sales tax rate (half of the % rate charged statewide) at eligible merchants. Established in November 1994, the town's Urban Enterprise Zone status expires in October 2025.
In recent years, businesses have begun to move on to South Main Street including the opening of the Apothecarium Dispensary - Phillipsburg, in November 2019
selling medical marijuana. Rising real estate prices post pandemic indicate that the combination of easy access to transportation in an eco-friendly environment is attracting investors from outside of town. Work continues through partnerships with residents, businesses and charitable organization to increase the engagement of everyone in Phillipsburg, All for Phillipsburg.
Railway
A tourist railroad known as the Belvidere & Delaware River Railroad operates on the former Belvidere-Delaware Railroad Pennsylvania Railroad Branch serving excursions from Lehigh Junction Station south to Carpentersville. Norfolk Southern serves the industrial manufacturing purposes in Phillipsburg using former LVRR tracks and the L&HR bridge to connect with the Bel-Del PRR tracks.
Since 2007, NJ Transit has been conducting a study to determine if re-establishing a commuter rail extension of the Raritan Valley Line to Phillipsburg is economically feasible.
Phillipsburg also is home to the Phillipsburg Railroad Historians museum. They display railroad memorabilia inside the museum, an "N" scale diorama, two Lehigh & Hudson River cabooses (one of which is currently being restored), and a Jersey Central caboose. There is an L&HR snow flanger, Tidewater tank car, a CNJ box car owned by the Anthracite Railroads Historical Society, a 1922 Chestnut Ridge Mack railbus owned by the Lehigh Valley NRHS, a Public Service trolley owned by the North Jersey Electric Railway Historical Society, a 44-ton GE locomotive and a 25-ton GE locomotive. They operate a miniature railroad, the Centerville & Southwestern, that formerly ran in Roseland, New Jersey.
Government
Local government
Phillipsburg is governed under the Mayor-Council system of municipal government within the Faulkner Act, formally known as the Optional Municipal Charter Law. The town is one of 71 municipalities (of the 565) statewide that use this form of government. The governing body is comprised of the Mayor and the five-member Town Council. Councilmembers are elected at-large in partisan elections to four-year terms of office on a staggered basis, with either three seats or two seats and the mayoral seat up for election in odd-numbered years as part of the November general election.
, the Mayor of Phillipsburg is Republican Todd Tersigni, whose term of office ends December 31, 2023. Council members are Kieth Kennedy (D, 2025), Council Vice President Lee Clark (D, 2025), Pete Marino (R, 2025), Randy Piazza Jr. (R, 2023) and Council President Harry Wyant (R, 2023).
In 2018, the town had an average property tax bill of $4,387, the lowest in the county, compared to an average bill of $6,982 in Warren County and $8,767 statewide.
Federal, state and county representation
Phillipsburg is located in the 7th Congressional District and is part of New Jersey's 23rd state legislative district. Prior to the 2010 Census, Phillipsburg had been part of the , a change made by the New Jersey Redistricting Commission that took effect in January 2013, based on the results of the November 2012 general elections.
Politics
As of March 23, 2011, there were a total of 7,681 registered voters in Phillipsburg, of which 2,496 (32.5% vs. 21.5% countywide) were registered as Democrats, 1,510 (19.7% vs. 35.3%) were registered as Republicans and 3,665 (47.7% vs. 43.1%) were registered as Unaffiliated. There were 10 voters registered to other parties. Among the town's 2010 Census population, 51.4% (vs. 62.3% in Warren County) were registered to vote, including 69.2% of those ages 18 and over (vs. 81.5% countywide).
In the 2012 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 2,487 votes (56.6% vs. 40.8% countywide), ahead of Republican Mitt Romney with 1,751 votes (39.8% vs. 56.0%) and other candidates with 88 votes (2.0% vs. 1.7%), among the 4,394 ballots cast by the town's 7,730 registered voters, for a turnout of 56.8% (vs. 66.7% in Warren County). In the 2008 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 2,673 votes (54.8% vs. 41.4% countywide), ahead of Republican John McCain with 1,983 votes (40.6% vs. 55.2%) and other candidates with 116 votes (2.4% vs. 1.6%), among the 4,879 ballots cast by the town's 7,636 registered voters, for a turnout of 63.9% (vs. 73.4% in Warren County). In the 2004 presidential election, Democrat John Kerry received 2,412 votes (49.8% vs. 37.2% countywide), ahead of Republican George W. Bush with 2,324 votes (48.0% vs. 61.0%) and other candidates with 66 votes (1.4% vs. 1.3%), among the 4,842 ballots cast by the town's 7,176 registered voters, for a turnout of 67.5% (vs. 76.3% in the whole county).
In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 63.8% of the vote (1,667 cast), ahead of Democrat Barbara Buono with 33.6% (879 votes), and other candidates with 2.6% (68 votes), among the 2,694 ballots cast by the town's 7,909 registered voters (80 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 34.1%. In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 1,321 votes (44.1% vs. 61.3% countywide), ahead of Democrat Jon Corzine with 1,159 votes (38.7% vs. 25.7%), Independent Chris Daggett with 365 votes (12.2% vs. 9.8%) and other candidates with 77 votes (2.6% vs. 1.5%), among the 2,994 ballots cast by the town's 7,437 registered voters, yielding a 40.3% turnout (vs. 49.6% in the county).
Education
The Phillipsburg School District serves public school students from pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade The district is one of 31 former Abbott districts statewide, which are now referred to as "SDA Districts" based on the requirement for the state to cover all costs for school building and renovation projects in these districts under the supervision of the New Jersey Schools Development Authority.
As of the 2018–19 school year, the district, comprised of five schools, had an enrollment of 3,937 students and 337.0 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 11.7:1. Schools in the district (with 2018–19 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics) are
Early Childhood Learning Center with 428 students in grades PreK-K,
Phillipsburg Primary School with 404 students in grades 1-2,
Phillipsburg Elementary School with 657 students in grades 3-5,
Phillipsburg Middle School with 676 students in grades 6-8 and
Phillipsburg High School with 1,650 students in grades 9-12. The Phillipsburg High School Stateliners have an athletic rivalry with neighboring Easton, Pennsylvania's Easton Area High School, which celebrated its 100th anniversary game on Thanksgiving Day 2006. In 2009, the 1993 teams from the Easton P-Burg Game met again for the Gatorade REPLAY Game to resolve the game, which ended in a 7–7 tie, with more than 13,000 fans watching as Phillipsburg won by a score of 27–12.
The district's high school serves students from the Town of Phillipsburg and five sending communities at the secondary level: Alpha, Bloomsbury (in Hunterdon County), Greenwich Township, Lopatcong Township and Pohatcong Township, as part of sending/receiving relationships with the respective school districts.
Students from the town and all of Warren County are eligible to attend Ridge and Valley Charter School in Frelinghuysen Township (for grades K-8) or Warren County Technical School in Washington borough (for 9–12), with special education services provided by local districts supplemented throughout the county by the Warren County Special Services School District in Oxford Township (for PreK-12).
Private schools include Saints Philip & James School, which was established in 1875 and serves students in pre-kindergarten through eighth grade, operating under the auspices of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Metuchen.
Transportation
History
Situated at the confluence of the Delaware River and the Lehigh River, Phillipsburg has historically been a major transportation hub. From the 1830s to 1920s, was the western terminus of the Morris Canal, which connected it by water eastward to the Port of New York and New Jersey and westward via the Lehigh Canal across the Delaware River. Five major railroads converged in Phillipsburg, the Central Railroad of New Jersey (CNJ), the DL&W's Morris and Essex Railroad, the Lehigh & Hudson River Railroad (L&HR), Lehigh Valley Railroad (LVRR), and the Pennsylvania Railroad's (PRR) Belvidere Delaware Railroad. The CNJ first ran in 1852. Phillipsburg Union Station served CNJ and DL&W.
The CNJ tracks and bridge in Phillipsburg which was part of the CNJ mainline became part of the former Lehigh Valley Railroad mainline, the Lehigh Line now owned by Norfolk Southern Railway, while the PRR line in Phillipsburg is now the Belvidere and Delaware River Railway.
Roads and highways
, the town had a total of of roadways, of which were maintained by the municipality, by Warren County, by the New Jersey Department of Transportation and by the Delaware River Joint Toll Bridge Commission.
Major highways that enter Phillipsburg include U.S. Route 22 and Route 122. Interstate 78 passes through for less than a quarter-of-a-mile (0.4 km) without any exits. The closest interchange is in neighboring Pohatcong.
The town is connected to Pennsylvania across the Delaware River by three bridges: the Easton–Phillipsburg Toll Bridge – (toll bridge carrying U.S. Route 22), the Northampton Street Bridge (the "Free Bridge") and the Interstate 78 Toll Bridge (carrying Interstate 78), all of which are operated by the Delaware River Joint Toll Bridge Commission.
Public transportation
NJ Transit bus service is provided on the 890 and 891 routes. It is also served by a bus line down Route 57 to Washington Township.
By air, Phillipsburg is closest to Lehigh Valley International Airport, which is roughly a 20-minute drive. The much larger Newark Liberty International Airport is about an hour's drive away.
Notable people
People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Phillipsburg include:
Walter E. Bachman (1880–1958), college football player and coach.
Charlie Berry (1860–1940), former professional baseball player, Union Association, and father of Charlie Berry.
Charlie Berry (1902–1972), former professional baseball player and umpire, Major League Baseball.
William F. Birch (1870–1946), former Member of Congress.
Ned Bolcar (born 1967), former linebacker who played for the Seattle Seahawks and Miami Dolphins.
Tom Brennan (born 1949), radio and television sportscaster and former men's basketball head coach, most notably at the University of Vermont.
Tim Brewster (born 1960), former coach of the Minnesota Golden Gophers football team.
Ted Dailey (1908–1992), NFL player who played for a single season with the Pittsburgh Pirates football team.
Gloria Decker (born 1933), politician who served as Mayor of Phillipsburg and as Executive Director of the New Jersey State Lottery Commission.
DC Drake (born 1957 as Don Drake), former professional wrestler who was National Wrestling Federation World Champion and Heavyweight Champion for Tri-State Wrestling Alliance, later known as Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW).
Wayne Dumont (1914–1992), former New Jersey Senate Majority Leader and Senate President.
Fiona (born 1961), rock music singer.
James Cullen Ganey (1899–1972), federal judge who served on the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit.
Dan Gray (born 1956), former NFL defensive tackle who played for the Detroit Lions in 1978.
John R. Guthrie (1921–2009), United States Army four-star general.
David Hajdu (born 1955), music critic and author.
Terry Kitchen, folk singer.
Frederick Kroesen (1923-2020), United States Army officer
J. Robert Lennon (born 1970), novelist.
Hilda Madsen (1910–1981), British-American artist and dog breeder.
Jayne Mansfield (1933–1967), 1950s-era actress.
Martin O. May (1922–1945), Medal of Honor recipient in World War II for his actions on Okinawa.
Helen Stevenson Meyner (1929–1997), politician who served in Congress from 1975 to 1979.
Robert B. Meyner (1908–1990), Governor of New Jersey from 1954 to 1962.
Charles E. Myers (1925–2016), Director for Air Warfare in the Office of the Secretary of Defense (1973–78), Aviation Pioneer and an early member of the "Fighter Mafia" inside the Pentagon.
Lou Reda (born c. 1925–2017), documentary filmmaker.
Jim Ringo (1931–2007), professional football player who played with the Green Bay Packers and Philadelphia Eagles.
Sheetal Sheth (born 1976), actress.
Charles Sitgreaves (1803–1878), politician who was a Member of Congress and mayor of Phillipsburg.
Matthew Tirrell (born 1950), chemical engineer.
Bill Walsh (born 1927), center who played in the NFL for the Pittsburgh Steelers.
Christina Wilson (born 1979), chef and reality television personality who was the winner of season 10 of the FOX Network's reality cooking show Hell's Kitchen.
Yvonne Zima (born 1989), actress, "Rachel Greene" on NBC's ER.
References
External links
Phillipsburg official Web Site
Phillipsburg Area Chamber Of Commerce
1861 establishments in New Jersey
Faulkner Act (mayor–council)
New Jersey Urban Enterprise Zones
Populated places established in 1861
Towns in Warren County, New Jersey
New Jersey populated places on the Delaware River | [
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125826 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pohatcong%20Township%2C%20New%20Jersey | Pohatcong Township, New Jersey | Pohatcong Township is a township in Warren County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the township's population was 3,339. The township, and all of Warren County, is part of the Lehigh Valley metropolitan statistical area.
The name Pohatcong is said to be from the Lenni Lenape Native American term meaning "stream between split hills".
History
Pohatcong Township was officially established in 1881. On March 24, 1881 Chapter 145 of the Acts of the New Jersey General Assembly was published defining and creating Pohatcong Township. The act to form Pohatcong had been introduced by Assemblyman William Fritts and, once law, was to take effect January 1 of the following year. Pohatcong was incorporated on January 1, 1882. It was divided off of Greenwich Township. Pohatcong township's name comes from Lenape Native Americans, who called the area "split hills stream outlet". The industrialized center of the township was separated to form Alpha borough, on April 27, 1911.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township had a total area of 13.76 square miles (35.63 km2), including 13.37 square miles (34.63 km2) of land and 0.39 square miles (1.00 km2) of water (2.81%).
Finesville (with a 2010 Census population of 175) and Upper Pohatcong (2010 population of 1,781) are unincorporated communities and census-designated places (CDPs) located within the township. Other unincorporated communities, localities and place names located partially or completely within the township include Carpentersville, Hughesville, Huntington, Kennedys, Riegelsville, Springtown, Warren and Warren Glen.
Pohatcong Township borders the municipalities of Greenwich Township, Lopatcong Township and Phillipsburg in Warren County; and Bethlehem Township, Bloomsbury and Holland Township in Hunterdon County. The borough of Alpha is completely surrounded by Pohatcong Township, making it part of 21 pairs of "doughnut towns" in the state, where one municipality entirely surrounds another.
Demographics
Census 2010
The Census Bureau's 2006-2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $84,318 (with a margin of error of +/- $14,047) and the median family income was $95,982 (+/- $2,028). Males had a median income of $56,705 (+/- $13,134) versus $35,481 (+/- $1,974) for females. The per capita income for the borough was $34,781 (+/- $7,346). About 3.9% of families and 4.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.2% of those under age 18 and 3.9% of those age 65 or over.
Census 2000
As of the 2000 United States Census there were 3,416 people, 1,341 households, and 989 families residing in the township. The population density was 256.3 people per square mile (98.9/km2). There were 1,411 housing units at an average density of 105.9 per square mile (40.9/km2). The racial makeup of the township was 98.01% White, 0.44% African American, 0.03% Native American, 0.29% Asian, 0.64% from other races, and 0.59% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.02% of the population.
There were 1,341 households, out of which 30.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.6% were married couples living together, 8.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.2% were non-families. 22.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.54 and the average family size was 2.99.
In the township the population was spread out, with 23.3% under the age of 18, 5.6% from 18 to 24, 30.5% from 25 to 44, 24.6% from 45 to 64, and 16.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.1 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $52,188, and the median income for a family was $60,208. Males had a median income of $44,327 versus $32,316 for females. The per capita income for the township was $24,754. About 3.4% of families and 4.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.5% of those under age 18 and 6.2% of those age 65 or over.
Economy
The Phillipsburg Mall is located on the border of Pohatcong and Lopatcong Township. of the mall is located in Pohatcong, with the portion of the property in the township being assessed for $39.8 million, one of the highest valuations in the municipality.
Government
Local government
Pohatcong Township is governed by the Faulkner Act (small municipality) form of government. The Faulkner Act, formally known as the Optional Municipal Charter Law, allows municipalities to adopt a Small Municipality form of government only for municipalities with a population of under 12,000 at the time of adoption. The township is one of 18 municipalities (of the 565) statewide that use this form of government. The government is comprised of the Mayor and the four-member Township Council, with all positions elected at-large on a non-partisan basis. The Mayor is elected directly by the voters to a four-year term of office. Council members serve a term of three years, which are staggered so that either one or two seats come up for election each year as part of the November general election. In May 2011 the township council submitted an ordinance to shift the non-partisan elections from May to November. The shift, which took effect in November 2012, was intended to save the municipality $8,000 a year in costs associated with conducting the election.
, the Mayor of Pohatcong Township is David S. Slack, whose term of office expires on December 31, 2023. Members of the Township Council are Council President Kevin J. Melvin (2022), Stephen Babinsky (2021), Ingrid Gray (2020; elected to serve an unexpired term) and John S. Stillo (2022).
In September 2019, Ingrid Gray was appointed to fill the seat expiring in December 2020 that had been held by Anthony S. Vangeli until he left office.
At 22 years of age when he was inaugurated on July 1, 2011, James R. Kern III became the youngest municipal executive serving in office in the State of New Jersey.
Federal, state and county representation
Pohatcong Township is located in the 7th Congressional District and is part of New Jersey's 23rd state legislative district. Prior to the 2010 Census, Pohatcong Township had been part of the , a change made by the New Jersey Redistricting Commission that took effect in January 2013, based on the results of the November 2012 general elections.
Politics
As of March 23, 2011, there were a total of 2,162 registered voters in Pohatcong Township, of which 583 (27.0% vs. 21.5% countywide) were registered as Democrats, 595 (27.5% vs. 35.3%) were registered as Republicans and 983 (45.5% vs. 43.1%) were registered as Unaffiliated. There was one voter registered to another party. Among the township's 2010 Census population, 64.7% (vs. 62.3% in Warren County) were registered to vote, including 83.7% of those ages 18 and over (vs. 81.5% countywide).
In the 2012 presidential election, Republican Mitt Romney received 802 votes (54.1% vs. 56.0% countywide), ahead of Democrat Barack Obama with 634 votes (42.8% vs. 40.8%) and other candidates with 22 votes (1.5% vs. 1.7%), among the 1,482 ballots cast by the township's 2,158 registered voters, for a turnout of 68.7% (vs. 66.7% in Warren County). In the 2008 presidential election, Republican John McCain received 813 votes (51.5% vs. 55.2% countywide), ahead of Democrat Barack Obama with 707 votes (44.8% vs. 41.4%) and other candidates with 24 votes (1.5% vs. 1.6%), among the 1,578 ballots cast by the township's 2,178 registered voters, for a turnout of 72.5% (vs. 73.4% in Warren County). In the 2004 presidential election, Republican George W. Bush received 863 votes (53.8% vs. 61.0% countywide), ahead of Democrat John Kerry with 712 votes (44.4% vs. 37.2%) and other candidates with 23 votes (1.4% vs. 1.3%), among the 1,605 ballots cast by the township's 2,141 registered voters, for a turnout of 75.0% (vs. 76.3% in the whole county).
In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 69.7% of the vote (688 cast), ahead of Democrat Barbara Buono with 27.9% (275 votes), and other candidates with 2.4% (24 votes), among the 1,001 ballots cast by the township's 2,180 registered voters (14 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 45.9%. In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 619 votes (57.9% vs. 61.3% countywide), ahead of Democrat Jon Corzine with 297 votes (27.8% vs. 25.7%), Independent Chris Daggett with 117 votes (10.9% vs. 9.8%) and other candidates with 14 votes (1.3% vs. 1.5%), among the 1,069 ballots cast by the township's 2,115 registered voters, yielding a 50.5% turnout (vs. 49.6% in the county).
Education
The Pohatcong Township School District serves students in pre-kindergarten through eighth grade at Pohatcong Township Elementary School. As of the 2018–19 school year, the district, comprised of one school, had an enrollment of 304 students and 30.3 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 10.0:1.
Public school students in ninth through twelfth grades attend Phillipsburg High School in Phillipsburg, which serves students from the Town of Phillipsburg as part of a sending/receiving relationship with the Phillipsburg School District. The high school also serves students from four other sending communities: Alpha, Bloomsbury (in Hunterdon County), Greenwich Township and Lopatcong Township. As of the 2018–19 school year, the high school had an enrollment of 1,650 students and 126.5 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 13.0:1.
Students from the township and from all of Warren County are eligible to attend Ridge and Valley Charter School in Frelinghuysen Township (for grades K-8) or Warren County Technical School in Washington borough (for 9-12), with special education services provided by local districts supplemented throughout the county by the Warren County Special Services School District in Oxford Township (for PreK-12).
Transportation
Roads and highways
, the township had a total of of roadways, of which were maintained by the municipality, by Warren County, by the New Jersey Department of Transportation and by the Delaware River Joint Toll Bridge Commission.
Interstate 78 is the most significant highway in Pohatcong. It passes through in the central region of the township. U.S. Route 22 runs along the eastern border before running concurrent with I-78. Route 122 passes through the northern portions of the township. The most significant county road in the township is CR 519.
The Riegelsville Bridge is a suspension bridge crossing the Delaware River connecting Pohatcong to Riegelsville, Pennsylvania, that is owned and operated by the Delaware River Joint Toll Bridge Commission. The current bridge on the site opened in 1904.
Public transportation
Trans-Bridge Lines operates the 890 and 891 bus routes, which connect Pohatcong Township with Easton, Pennsylvania.
Rail- the Lehigh Line
The Norfolk Southern Railway's Lehigh Line (formerly the mainline of the Lehigh Valley Railroad), runs through Pohatcong Township on its way to Phillipsburg, New Jersey.
Points of interest
The George Hunt House was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979 for its significance in architecture.
The Hixson–Skinner Mill Complex, also known as Cole's Grist Mill Complex, near Springtown, was added to the NRHP in 1982 for its significance in commerce and industry.
The Finesville–Seigletown Historic District was added to the NRHP in 2010 for its significance in architecture, engineering, and industry.
The Hixson–Mixsell House, also known as the Springtown Stagecoach Inn, was added to the NRHP in 2014 for its significance in architecture.
Wineries
Alba Vineyard
Villa Milagro Vineyards
References
External links
Pohatcong Township Official website
1882 establishments in New Jersey
Faulkner Act (small municipality)
Populated places established in 1882
Townships in Warren County, New Jersey
New Jersey populated places on the Delaware River | [
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125827 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington%2C%20New%20Jersey | Washington, New Jersey | Washington is a borough in Warren County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the borough's population was 6,461, reflecting a decline of 251 (-3.7%) from the 6,712 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 238 (+3.7%) from the 6,474 counted in the 1990 Census. The borough is located in the easternmost region of the Lehigh Valley.
Washington was incorporated as a borough by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on February 20, 1868, from portions of Washington Township. The borough was named for George Washington, one of more than ten communities statewide named for the first president. The Borough of Washington is surrounded by Washington Township, which is one of five municipalities in the state of New Jersey with the name "Washington Township".
The borough had the 26th-highest property tax rate in New Jersey, with an equalized rate of 4.206% in 2020, compared to 2.967% in the county as a whole and a statewide average of 2.279%.
History
Washington Borough separated from Washington Township as of February 20, 1868. The community grew during the 19th century as a result of the transportation routes that ran through or near the borough. The Morris Canal ran along the north end of town and two rail lines of the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad crossed within the borough. Intersecting in the center of the borough are two major roadways, which today are Route 31 and Route 57. The borough was ultimately named for the "Washington House", a tavern built by Revolutionary War Col. William McCullough in 1811 that was later destroyed by fire in 1869.
During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the borough became a mecca of musical instruments manufacturers, the manufacture of organs in particular. A bustling downtown developed around these businesses. Many of the Victorian style houses in the borough, as well as Taylor Street School and Warren Hills Middle School (formerly Washington High School) were built during this period.
The advent of the automobile brought Washington closer to both the Lehigh Valley and New York City. In the years following World War II, the population increased, and there were many new houses and apartment complexes built. A portion of the Downtown area was devastated by a major fire in 1962. Education at the Middle and High School level was regionalized in 1968, and a new elementary school was also built (Memorial School).
The 1990s saw a population boom in Warren County, which continues today, as high real estate prices and property taxes in New Jersey's northeastern counties push buyers to look further west. Although the borough itself does not have much room to grow, it has benefited from the growth of the nearby townships. Efforts are underway to revitalize the downtown with new residential and retail properties.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the borough had a total area of 1.97 square miles (5.10 km2), including 1.97 square miles (5.09 km2) of land and <0.01 square miles (0.01 km2) of water (0.15%).
The borough of Washington is completely surrounded by Washington Township, making it part of 21 pairs of "doughnut towns" in the state, where one municipality entirely surrounds another.
Pohatcong Mountain is a ridge, approximately long, in the Appalachian Mountains that extends from west Phillipsburg northeast approximately to Washington. Upper Pohatcong Mountain extends northeast of Washington approximately to the vicinity of Hackettstown. The two ridges are sometimes called "Pohatcong Mountain" collectively.
Demographics
Census 2010
The Census Bureau's 2006-2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $57,468 (with a margin of error of +/- $7,449) and the median family income was $68,510 (+/- $11,488). Males had a median income of $53,654 (+/- $13,162) versus $41,755 (+/- $12,531) for females. The per capita income for the borough was $30,554 (+/- $5,374). About 8.1% of families and 10.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.4% of those under age 18 and 14.0% of those age 65 or over.
Census 2000
As of the 2000 United States Census there were 6,712 people, 2,724 households, and 1,686 families residing in the borough. The population density was 3,429.9 people per square mile (1,322.2/km2). There were 2,876 housing units at an average density of 1,469.6 per square mile (566.5/km2). The racial makeup of the borough was 91.45% White, 3.89% African American, 0.12% Native American, 1.45% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 1.61% from other races, and 1.47% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.17% of the population.
There were 2,724 households, out of which 33.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.5% were married couples living together, 12.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.1% were non-families. 31.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.46 and the average family size was 3.15.
In the borough the population was spread out, with 26.5% under the age of 18, 8.0% from 18 to 24, 33.8% from 25 to 44, 21.0% from 45 to 64, and 10.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.0 males.
The median income for a household in the borough was $47,000, and the median income for a family was $61,379. Males had a median income of $41,436 versus $31,880 for females. The per capita income for the borough was $23,166. About 5.0% of families and 5.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.5% of those under age 18 and 3.3% of those age 65 or over.
Arts and culture
Notable annual events include Washington Celebrates America, which takes place every July 4; Warren Arts and Craft Beer Festival, held every year in April; and Festival in the Borough, which takes place every September.
Government
Local government
Washington operates within the Faulkner Act, formally known as the Optional Municipal Charter Law, under the Council-Manager form of municipal government. The borough is one of 71 municipalities (of the 565) statewide that use this form of government. The governing body is comprised of the Mayor and the six-member Borough Council, all of whom are elected at-large on a partisan basis as part of the November general elections. The mayor and members of the borough council are elected to four-year terms on a staggered basis, with either two seats (plus the mayor) or four seats coming up for election in even-numbered years. The council selects a borough manager who is responsible for the day-to-day operations of the municipality.
, the borough's Mayor is Republican David Higgins, whose term of office ends December 31, 2020. Members of the Borough Council are Deputy mayor Ethel Conry (D, 2022), Louann M. Cox (R, 2020; elected to serve an unexpired term), Chelsea Duchemin (D, 2022), Josephine Noone (D, 2022), Dewayne Keith Norris (R, 2022) and Soteria Cynthia Valle (R, 2020).
In January 2017, Paul Jones was selected on an interim basis to fill the seat expiring in December 2018 that became vacant when David Higgins took office as mayor. Dewayne Keith Norris was elected in November 2017 to fill the vacant seat for the remainder of the term of office. A month later, the borough was informed that Norris had faced a number of criminal charges in previous decades including having been sentenced in 1994 to serve 45 days in jail on a misdemeanor larceny charge. The council passed a symbolic no confidence vote by a 4-2 margin, though Norris indicated that he was unwilling to resign from office.
Kristine Henry, who had served as Washington's clerk and borough manager, was sentenced in January 2018 to seven years in jail, lost her ability to work in a public job and was required to repay $97,000 she had stolen from the borough after writing a series of checks payable to herself from 2011 to 2016.
Federal, state and county representation
Washington Borough is located in the 5th Congressional District and is part of New Jersey's 23rd state legislative district.
Politics
As of March 23, 2011, there were a total of 3,790 registered voters in Washington, of which 736 (19.4% vs. 21.5% countywide) were registered as Democrats, 1,136 (30.0% vs. 35.3%) were registered as Republicans and 1,917 (50.6% vs. 43.1%) were registered as Unaffiliated. There was one voter registered to another party. Among the borough's 2010 Census population, 58.7% (vs. 62.3% in Warren County) were registered to vote, including 77.1% of those ages 18 and over (vs. 81.5% countywide).
In the 2012 presidential election, Republican Mitt Romney received 1,160 votes (48.5% vs. 56.0% countywide), ahead of Democrat Barack Obama with 1,158 votes (48.4% vs. 40.8%) and other candidates with 41 votes (1.7% vs. 1.7%), among the 2,391 ballots cast by the borough's 3,863 registered voters, for a turnout of 61.9% (vs. 66.7% in Warren County). In the 2008 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 1,256 votes (48.1% vs. 41.4% countywide), ahead of Republican John McCain with 1,249 votes (47.9% vs. 55.2%) and other candidates with 43 votes (1.6% vs. 1.6%), among the 2,609 ballots cast by the borough's 3,730 registered voters, for a turnout of 69.9% (vs. 73.4% in Warren County). In the 2004 presidential election, Republican George W. Bush received 1,477 votes (58.1% vs. 61.0% countywide), ahead of Democrat John Kerry with 1,021 votes (40.2% vs. 37.2%) and other candidates with 29 votes (1.1% vs. 1.3%), among the 2,540 ballots cast by the borough's 3,518 registered voters, for a turnout of 72.2% (vs. 76.3% in the whole county).
In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 67.7% of the vote (880 cast), ahead of Democrat Barbara Buono with 30.2% (392 votes), and other candidates with 2.1% (27 votes), among the 1,325 ballots cast by the borough's 4,012 registered voters (26 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 33.0%. In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 960 votes (57.6% vs. 61.3% countywide), ahead of Democrat Jon Corzine with 482 votes (28.9% vs. 25.7%), Independent Chris Daggett with 167 votes (10.0% vs. 9.8%) and other candidates with 22 votes (1.3% vs. 1.5%), among the 1,666 ballots cast by the borough's 3,646 registered voters, yielding a 45.7% turnout (vs. 49.6% in the county).
Education
Students in pre-kindergarten through sixth grade attend the schools of the Washington Borough Public Schools. As of the 2018–19 school year, the district, comprised of two schools, had an enrollment of 481 students and 44.6 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 10.8:1. Schools in the district (with 2018–19 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics) are
Taylor Street School with 188 students in grades PreK - 2 and
Memorial School with 293 students in grades 3 - 6.
Students in public school for seventh through twelfth grades attend the Warren Hills Regional School District, which serves students from Washington Borough, along with those from Franklin Township, Mansfield Township and Washington Township, as well as students from Oxford Township (for 9-12 only, attending on a tuition basis). Schools in the district (with 2018–19 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics) are
Warren Hills Regional Middle School located in Washington Borough with 542 students in grades 7-8 and
Warren Hills Regional High School located in Washington Township with 1,205 students in grades 9-12. Seats on the high school district's nine-member board of education are allocated to the constituent municipalities based on population, with two seats allocated to Washington Borough.
Students from the borough and from all of Warren County are eligible to attend Ridge and Valley Charter School in Frelinghuysen Township (for grades K-8) or Warren County Technical School in Washington borough (for 9-12), with special education services provided by local districts supplemented throughout the county by the Warren County Special Services School District in Oxford Township (for PreK-12).
Transportation
, the borough had a total of of roadways, of which were maintained by the municipality, by Warren County and by the New Jersey Department of Transportation.
The main highways serving Washington are New Jersey Route 31 and New Jersey Route 57. Route 31 travels north–south, while Route 57 is oriented east–west.
Notable people
People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Washington include:
John Henry Brodhead (1898–1951), educator who served as president of the American Teachers Association.
Johnston Cornish (1858–1920), former U.S. Member of Congress and Mayor of Washington.
Ashley Nicolette Frangipane (born 1994), female music artist known by her stage name, Halsey.
Robert B. Groat (1888–1959), printer, publisher, and politician
Louisa Boyd Yeomans King (1863–1948), gardener and author.
Bobby Levine (1923-1997), jazz saxophonist.
Mary A. Marsh (born 1930), retired brigadier general in the United States Air Force
Ron Mrozinski (1930-2005), Major League Baseball pitcher who played parts of two seasons in the majors, 1954 and 1955, for the Philadelphia Phillies.
Christian Sharps (1810-1874), inventor of the Sharps rifle, the first commercially successful breech-loading rifle.
See also
List of places named for George Washington
References
External links
Washington Borough website
1868 establishments in New Jersey
Boroughs in Warren County, New Jersey
Faulkner Act (council–manager)
Populated places established in 1868 | [
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125828 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington%20Township%2C%20Warren%20County%2C%20New%20Jersey | Washington Township, Warren County, New Jersey | Washington Township is a township in Warren County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the township's population was 6,651, reflecting an increase of 403 (+6.5%) from the 6,248 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 881 (+16.4%) from the 5,367 counted in the 1990 Census. The township, and all of Warren County, is part of the Lehigh Valley metropolitan statistical area.
The township is one of six municipalities in New Jersey under the name Washington (one of which is a borough, five of which are townships). Washington Township, Warren County completely surrounds the borough of Washington. Mansfield Township, also in Warren County, borders both this municipality and another Washington Township in Morris County.
Washington Township was incorporated as a township by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on April 9, 1849, from portions of Mansfield Township. Portions of the township were taken on February 20, 1868, to create Washington Borough. The township was named for George Washington, one of more than ten communities statewide named for the first president. It is one of five municipalities in the state of New Jersey with the name "Washington Township". Another municipality, Washington Borough, is completely surrounded by Washington Township.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township had a total area of 18.05 square miles (46.75 km2), including 17.96 square miles (46.52 km2) of land and 0.09 square miles (0.23 km2) of water (0.49%).
Brass Castle (with a 2010 Census population of 1,555) and Port Colden (2010 population of 122) are unincorporated communities and census-designated places (CDPs) located within the township.
Other unincorporated communities, localities and place names located partially or completely within the township include Bowerstown, Butlers Park, Changewater, Fort Golden, Imlaydale, and Pleasant Valley.
Washington Township borders the municipalities of Franklin Township, Mansfield Township, Oxford Township and White Township in Warren County; and Bethlehem Township, Hampton and Lebanon Township in Hunterdon County. The borough of Washington is completely surrounded by Washington Township, making it part of 21 pairs of "doughnut towns" in the state, where one municipality entirely surrounds another.
Demographics
The township's economic data (as is all of Warren County) is calculated by the US Census Bureau as part of the Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Census 2010
The Census Bureau's 2006-2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $91,893 (with a margin of error of +/- $5,743) and the median family income was $99,332 (+/- $12,641). Males had a median income of $78,417 (+/- $14,664) versus $51,186 (+/- $17,904) for females. The per capita income for the borough was $39,873 (+/- $3,286). About 2.9% of families and 5.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.8% of those under age 18 and 6.9% of those age 65 or over.
Census 2000
As of the 2000 United States Census there were 6,248 people, 2,099 households, and 1,740 families residing in the township. The population density was 355.5 people per square mile (137.2/km2). There were 2,174 housing units at an average density of 123.7 per square mile (47.7/km2). The racial makeup of the township was 95.98% White, 1.71% African American, 0.06% Native American, 0.94% Asian, 0.50% from other races, and 0.80% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 2.16% of the population.
There were 2,099 households, out of which 43.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 72.7% were married couples living together, 7.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 17.1% were non-families. 14.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.95 and the average family size was 3.26.
In the township the population was spread out, with 30.0% under the age of 18, 5.7% from 18 to 24, 30.2% from 25 to 44, 24.4% from 45 to 64, and 9.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.6 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $77,458, and the median income for a family was $84,348. Males had a median income of $54,321 versus $35,056 for females. The per capita income for the township was $29,141. About 3.0% of families and 3.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.2% of those under age 18 and 3.2% of those age 65 or over.
Government
Local government
Washington Township is governed under the township form of New Jersey municipal government, one of 141 municipalities (of the 565) statewide that use this form, the second-most commonly used form of government in the state. The Township Committee is comprised of five members, who are elected directly by the voters at-large in partisan elections to serve three-year terms of office on a staggered basis, with either one or two seats coming up for election each year as part of the November general election in a three-year cycle. At an annual reorganization meeting, the Township Committee selects one of its members to serve as Mayor and another to serve as Deputy Mayor.
, members of the Washington Township Committee are Mayor Robert J. Klingel (R, term on committee ends December 31, 2022; term as mayor ends 2020), Deputy mayor Mark Rossi (R, term on committee ends 2022; term as deputy mayor ends 2020), Ralph P. Fiore Jr. (R, 2021), Michael A. Kovacs (R, 2020) and George J. Willan (R, 2021).
In February 2016, the Township Committee unanimously selected George Willian from a list of three candidates nominated by the Republican municipal committee to fill the seat expiring in December 2018 that had been vacated by Nancy Andreson when she resigned for personal reasons shortly after taking office; Willan will serve on an interim basis until the November 2016 general election, when voters will select a candidate to serve the two years remaining on the term of office.
In December 2013, the Township Council chose Theresa Iacobucci from among three candidates offered by the Republican municipal committee to fill the vacant seat of John A. Horensky following his resignation. Iacobucci served on an interim basis until the November 2014 general election, when she was elected to serve the balance of the term through December 2015
Federal, state and county representation
Washington Township is located in the 5th Congressional District and is part of New Jersey's 23rd state legislative district.
Politics
As of March 23, 2011, there were a total of 3,790 registered voters in Washington, of which 736 (19.4% vs. 21.5% countywide) were registered as Democrats, 1,136 (30.0% vs. 35.3%) were registered as Republicans and 1,917 (50.6% vs. 43.1%) were registered as Unaffiliated. There was one voter registered to another party. Among the borough's 2010 Census population, 58.7% (vs. 62.3% in Warren County) were registered to vote, including 77.1% of those ages 18 and over (vs. 81.5% countywide).
In the 2012 presidential election, Republican Mitt Romney received 63.1% of the vote (2,001 cast), ahead of Democrat Barack Obama with 35.3% (1,118 votes), and other candidates with 1.6% (51 votes), among the 3,217 ballots cast by the township's 4,640 registered voters (47 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 69.3%. In the 2012 presidential election, Republican Mitt Romney received 1,160 votes here (48.5% vs. 56.0% countywide), ahead of Democrat Barack Obama with 1,158 votes (48.4% vs. 40.8%) and other candidates with 41 votes (1.7% vs. 1.7%), among the 2,391 ballots cast by the borough's 3,863 registered voters, for a turnout of 61.9% (vs. 66.7% in Warren County). In the 2008 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 1,256 votes here (48.1% vs. 41.4% countywide), ahead of Republican John McCain with 1,249 votes (47.9% vs. 55.2%) and other candidates with 43 votes (1.6% vs. 1.6%), among the 2,609 ballots cast by the borough's 3,730 registered voters, for a turnout of 69.9% (vs. 73.4% in Warren County). In the 2004 presidential election, Republican George W. Bush received 1,477 votes here (58.1% vs. 61.0% countywide), ahead of Democrat John Kerry with 1,021 votes (40.2% vs. 37.2%) and other candidates with 29 votes (1.1% vs. 1.3%), among the 2,540 ballots cast by the borough's 3,518 registered voters, for a turnout of 72.2% (vs. 76.3% in the whole county).
In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 76.2% of the vote (1,432 cast), ahead of Democrat Barbara Buono with 21.2% (398 votes), and other candidates with 2.7% (50 votes), among the 1,924 ballots cast by the township's 4,652 registered voters (44 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 41.4%. In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 960 votes here (57.6% vs. 61.3% countywide), ahead of Democrat Jon Corzine with 482 votes (28.9% vs. 25.7%), Independent Chris Daggett with 167 votes (10.0% vs. 9.8%) and other candidates with 22 votes (1.3% vs. 1.5%), among the 1,666 ballots cast by the borough's 3,646 registered voters, yielding a 45.7% turnout (vs. 49.6% in the county).
Education
Students in pre-kindergarten through sixth grade attend public school in the Washington Township School District. As of the 2018–19 school year, the district, comprised of two schools, had an enrollment of 422 students and 46.0 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 9.2:1. Schools in the district (with 2018–19 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics) are
Port Colden School with 163 students in grades 1-3 and
Brass Castle School with 258 students in pre-kindergarten, kindergarten and grades 4–6.
Public school students in seventh through twelfth grades attend the schools of the Warren Hills Regional School District, which also serves students from the municipalities of Franklin Township, Mansfield Township and Washington Borough, along with those from Oxford Township who attend for grades 9-12 only. Schools in the district (with 2018–19 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics) are
Warren Hills Regional Middle School located in Washington Borough with 542 students in grades 7-8 and
Warren Hills Regional High School located in Washington Township with 1,205 students in grades 9-12. Seats on the high school district's nine-member board of education are allocated to the constituent municipalities based on population, with three seats allocated to Washington Township.
Students from the township and from all of Warren County are eligible to attend Ridge and Valley Charter School in Frelinghuysen Township (for grades K-8) or Warren County Technical School in Washington borough (for 9-12), with special education services provided by local districts supplemented throughout the county by the Warren County Special Services School District in Oxford Township (for PreK-12).
Transportation
, the township had a total of of roadways, of which were maintained by the municipality, by Warren County and by the New Jersey Department of Transportation.
Public transportation is available along Route 31 and Route 57, which are the main highways serving the township. The Route 57 shuttle runs between Washington and Philipsburg Monday-Saturday, and between Washington and Hackettstown Monday-Friday. The Route 31 shuttle operates between the Clinton Park & Ride on the southern end and Oxford Township on the northern end Monday-Friday.
Notable people
People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Washington Township include:
Michael J. Doherty (born 1963), member of the New Jersey Senate who represents the 23rd Legislative District
Jared Isaacman (born 1983), businessman and pilot.
Jean Shepherd (1921–1999), writer and narrator of the popular holiday film A Christmas Story
Sung J. Woo (born 1971), Korean American writer who wrote the novel Everything Asian
Wineries
Vacchiano Farm
Surrounding communities
Also, the township completely surrounds the borough of Washington.
References
External links
Washington Township website
1849 establishments in New Jersey
Populated places established in 1849
Township form of New Jersey government
Townships in Warren County, New Jersey | [
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|
125829 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White%20Township%2C%20New%20Jersey | White Township, New Jersey | White Township is a township in Warren County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the township's population was 4,882, reflecting an increase of 637 (+15.0%) from the 4,245 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 642 (+17.8%) from the 3,603 counted in the 1990 Census. It is part of the easternmost region of the Lehigh Valley.
White Township was incorporated as a township by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on April 9, 1913, from portions of Oxford Township, based on the results of a referendum held on May 1, 1913, making it the second-youngest township in the county. The township was named after Alexander White, who came to the area sometime before 1760 and built a stone mansion called "The White House" near a place called Roxburg.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township had a total area of 27.90 square miles (72.27 km2), including 27.37 square miles (70.88 km2) of land and 0.54 square miles (1.39 km2) of water (1.92%). The township is located in the Kittatinny Valley which is a section of the Great Appalachian Valley that stretches for from Canada to Alabama.
Bridgeville (with a 2010 Census population of 106), Brookfield (675) and Buttzville (146) are census-designated places and unincorporated communities located within the township.
Other unincorporated communities, localities and place names located partially or completely within the township include Cornish, Foul Rift, Hazen, Little York, Manunka Chunk, Sarepta and Summerfield.
Mount No More is a mountain that is part of the New York–New Jersey Highlands of the Appalachian Mountains. The summit rises to .
White Township borders the Warren County municipalities of Belvidere, Harmony Township, Hope Township, Knowlton Township, Liberty Township, Oxford Township and Washington Township.
Demographics
The Township's economic data (as is all of Warren County) is calculated by the US Census Bureau as part of the Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Census 2010
The Census Bureau's 2006-2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $68,247 (with a margin of error of +/- $5,170) and the median family income was $81,975 (+/- $7,157). Males had a median income of $57,222 (+/- $15,520) versus $49,022 (+/- $7,746) for females. The per capita income for the borough was $36,964 (+/- $3,448). About 4.2% of families and 4.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.4% of those under age 18 and 3.8% of those age 65 or over.
Census 2000
As of the 2000 United States Census there were 4,245 people, 1,668 households, and 1,179 families residing in the township. The population density was 155.1 people per square mile (59.9/km2). There were 1,770 housing units at an average density of 64.7 per square mile (25.0/km2). The racial makeup of the township was 96.35% White, 1.20% African American, 0.19% Native American, 0.61% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 0.33% from other races, and 1.27% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.12% of the population.
There were 1,668 households, out of which 28.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.6% were married couples living together, 7.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.3% were non-families. 25.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 2.98.
In the township the population was spread out, with 22.3% under the age of 18, 5.7% from 18 to 24, 28.2% from 25 to 44, 25.6% from 45 to 64, and 18.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.0 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $54,732, and the median income for a family was $66,127. Males had a median income of $49,044 versus $35,000 for females. The per capita income for the township was $24,783. About 2.2% of families and 4.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.6% of those under age 18 and 4.8% of those age 65 or over.
Government
Local government
White Township is governed under the Township form of New Jersey municipal government, one of 141 municipalities (of the 565) statewide that use this form, the second-most commonly used form of government in the state. The governing body is comprised of a three-member Township Committee, whose members are elected directly by the voters at-large in partisan elections to serve three-year terms of office on a staggered basis, with one or seat coming up for election each year as part of the November general election in a three-year cycle. At an annual reorganization meeting, the Township Committee selects one of its members to serve as Mayor.
, members of the White Township Committee are Mayor Jeff Herb (R, term on committee ends December 31, 2022; term as mayor ends), Deputy Mayor Samuel Race (R, term on committee and as deputy mayor ends 2020) and Chanda Collom (R, 2021).
Federal, state and county representation
White Township is located in the 5th Congressional District and is part of New Jersey's 24th state legislative district. Prior to the 2011 reapportionment following the 2010 Census, White Township had been in the 23rd state legislative district.
Politics
As of March 23, 2011, there were a total of 3,355 registered voters in White Township, of which 545 (16.2% vs. 21.5% countywide) were registered as Democrats, 1,727 (51.5% vs. 35.3%) were registered as Republicans and 1,077 (32.1% vs. 43.1%) were registered as Unaffiliated. There were 6 voters registered to other parties. Among the township's 2010 Census population, 68.7% (vs. 62.3% in Warren County) were registered to vote, including 82.8% of those ages 18 and over (vs. 81.5% countywide). In the 2012 presidential election, Republican Mitt Romney received 1,540 votes here (65.8% vs. 56.0% countywide), ahead of Democrat Barack Obama with 722 votes (30.9% vs. 40.8%) and other candidates with 38 votes (1.6% vs. 1.7%), among the 2,340 ballots cast by the township's 3,383 registered voters, for a turnout of 69.2% (vs. 66.7% in Warren County).
In the 2012 presidential election, Republican Mitt Romney received 67.0% of the vote (1,540 cast), ahead of Democrat Barack Obama with 31.4% (722 votes), and other candidates with 1.7% (38 votes), among the 2,340 ballots cast by the township's 3,383 registered voters (40 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 69.2%. In the 2008 presidential election, Republican John McCain received 1,636 votes (61.6% vs. 55.2% countywide), ahead of Democrat Barack Obama with 891 votes (33.5% vs. 41.4%) and other candidates with 50 votes (1.9% vs. 1.6%), among the 2,656 ballots cast by the township's 3,431 registered voters, for a turnout of 77.4% (vs. 73.4% in Warren County). In the 2004 presidential election, Republican George W. Bush received 1,690 votes (64.6% vs. 61.0% countywide), ahead of Democrat John Kerry with 871 votes (33.3% vs. 37.2%) and other candidates with 44 votes (1.7% vs. 1.3%), among the 2,618 ballots cast by the township's 3,255 registered voters, for a turnout of 80.4% (vs. 76.3% in the whole county).
In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 79.3% of the vote (1,165 cast), ahead of Democrat Barbara Buono with 17.8% (261 votes), and other candidates with 2.9% (43 votes), among the 1,515 ballots cast by the township's 3,417 registered voters (46 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 44.3%. In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 1,189 votes here (62.6% vs. 61.3% countywide), ahead of Democrat Jon Corzine with 440 votes (23.2% vs. 25.7%), Independent Chris Daggett with 210 votes (11.1% vs. 9.8%) and other candidates with 24 votes (1.3% vs. 1.5%), among the 1,899 ballots cast by the township's 3,349 registered voters, yielding a 56.7% turnout (vs. 49.6% in the county).
Education
The White Township School District serves public school students in pre-kindergarten through eighth grade at White Township Consolidated School. As of the 2017–18 school year, the district, comprised of one school, had an enrollment of 273 students and 34.6 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 7.9:1.
Public school students in grades nine through twelve from Harmony Township, Hope Township and White Township attend Belvidere High School as part of sending/receiving relationships with the Belvidere School District. As of the 2017–18 school year, the high school had an enrollment of 458 students and 42.3 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 10.8:1.
Students from the township and from all of Warren County are eligible to attend Ridge and Valley Charter School in Frelinghuysen Township (for grades K-8) or Warren County Technical School in Washington borough (for 9-12), with special education services provided by local districts supplemented throughout the county by the Warren County Special Services School District in Oxford Township (for PreK-12).
Transportation
, the township had a total of of roadways, of which were maintained by the municipality, by Warren County and by the New Jersey Department of Transportation.
U.S. Route 46 passes through the northern part of the township while Route 31 passes through briefly in the east before ending at Route 46. The major county road that passes through is CR 519.
Two limited access roads provide access to the municipality: Interstate 78/U.S. 22 in neighboring Franklin and Interstate 80 in neighboring Knowlton Township and Hope Township.
Landmarks and places of interest
Regular meetings of the Warren County Board of chosen freeholders are held at the Wayne Dumont Jr. Administrative Building in White Township, which also houses most of the administrative offices of Warren County. Part of the Pequest Fish Hatchery also lies within the boundaries of White Township. Four Sisters Winery is located in White Township.
Notable people
People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with White Township include:
Charles W. Buttz (1837–1913), member of the United States House of Representatives from South Carolina.
John Insley Blair (1802-1899), entrepreneur, railroad magnate, philanthropist and one of the 19th century's wealthiest men.
References
External links
Township website
1913 establishments in New Jersey
Populated places established in 1913
Township form of New Jersey government
Townships in Warren County, New Jersey
New Jersey populated places on the Delaware River | [
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|
125830 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnuel%2C%20New%20Mexico | Carnuel, New Mexico | Carnuel is a census-designated place (CDP) in Bernalillo County, New Mexico, United States. The population was 1,232 at the 2010 Census. It is part of the Albuquerque Metropolitan Statistical Area. The name of the community derives from the Tiwa word for "badger place" and has been spelled both Canuel and Carnué.
History
Carnuel (full name San Miguel de Loredo de Carnué) is east of the original center of the city of Albuquerque. The town was created in 1763 to defend Albuquerque from the raids of Comanche, Kiowa, and Plains Apache American Indians. The town is located at the mouth of Tijeras Canyon, a strategic and natural corridor between the hostile Indians of the Great Plains and the Spanish settlements of the Rio Grande valley. Nineteen men some with families, comprised the first settlers at Carnuel. They were mostly from the lower castas of Spanish society, "coyotes" and genízaros (Indians who lived among the Spanish and had adopted some elements of Hispanic culture). For the coyotes and genízaros the attraction to settle at Carnuel and other genízaro settlements was the opportunity to own land through a land grant from the New Mexican government.
Apache raiders killed several people in the area and the survivors abandoned the settlement in 1771. Carnuel was resettled in 1819 by descendants of the original settlers plus additional landless mestizos. Twenty-two families were given land at Carnuel and another 22 received land at San Antonio, a community about northeast of Carnuel. By that time New Mexico had made peace with the Comanche and the threat to the eastern frontiers of the colony had decreased, making the settlement feasible. The genízaro heritage continued to influence land and water usage rights in the Carnuel land grant into the 21st century. The village of Tijeras is located within the area of the Carnuel land grant. The community of San Antonio was later included in the Cedar Crest CDP.
Geography
Carnuel is located at (35.067181, -106.448823). According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , of which , or 0.56%, is water.
Climate
Carnuel has a climate similar to that of nearby Albuquerque, which is BSk in the Köppen Classification and BSak (steppe, hot summers, cool winters) in the Trewartha climate classification. The climate borders on being BW (desert). More than one half of the annual precipitation of is received from July to August.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 872 people, 371 households, and 244 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 354.0 people per square mile (136.9/km2). There were 398 housing units at an average density of 161.6 per square mile (62.5/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 69.27% White, 0.34% African American, 1.72% Native American, 27.06% from other races, and 1.61% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 51.15% of the population.
There were 371 households, out of which 25.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.4% were married couples living together, 8.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.0% were non-families. 29.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.32 and the average family size was 2.83.
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 20.9% under the age of 18, 6.1% from 18 to 24, 27.3% from 25 to 44, 30.3% from 45 to 64, and 15.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 106.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 111.0 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $37,813, and the median income for a family was $46,250. Males had a median income of $38,281 versus $21,532 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $18,553. About 9.2% of families and 12.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.6% of those under age 18 and 12.6% of those age 65 or over.
Education
It is zoned to Albuquerque Public Schools.
See also
List of census-designated places in New Mexico
References
External links
Census-designated places in Bernalillo County, New Mexico
Census-designated places in New Mexico
Albuquerque metropolitan area | [
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|
125831 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cedar%20Crest%2C%20New%20Mexico | Cedar Crest, New Mexico | Cedar Crest is a census-designated place (CDP) in Bernalillo County, New Mexico, United States. The population was 958 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Albuquerque Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Geography
Cedar Crest is located in eastern Bernalillo County at (35.107145, -106.373543), along the eastern base of the Sandia Mountains. It is bordered by the village of Tijeras to the south.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , all land.
Demographics
At the 2000 census there were 1,060 people, 470 households, and 322 families in the CDP. The population density was 323.9 people per square mile (125.2/km). There were 501 housing units at an average density of 153.1 per square mile (59.2/km). The racial makeup of the CDP was 86.89% White, 1.23% African American, 1.42% Native American, 1.13% Asian, 0.09% Pacific Islander, 6.89% from other races, and 2.36% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 19.81%.
Of the 470 households 23.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.7% were married couples living together, 8.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.3% were non-families. 26.0% of households were one person and 5.1% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.22 and the average family size was 2.64.
The age distribution was 19.2% under the age of 18, 4.6% from 18 to 24, 27.1% from 25 to 44, 36.0% from 45 to 64, and 13.0% 65 or older. The median age was 45 years. For every 100 females, there were 103.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.3 males.
The median household income was $50,865 and the median family income was $62,054. Males had a median income of $42,400 versus $28,500 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $27,263. About 5.1% of families and 7.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.1% of those under age 18 and 10.3% of those age 65 or over.
Education
It is zoned to Albuquerque Public Schools.
Culture
The Tinkertown Museum is located in Cedar Crest.
See also
List of census-designated places in New Mexico
References
External links
Census-designated places in Bernalillo County, New Mexico
Census-designated places in New Mexico
Albuquerque metropolitan area | [
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|
125832 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chilili%2C%20New%20Mexico | Chilili, New Mexico | Chilili is a census-designated place in Bernalillo County, New Mexico, United States. The population was 137 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Albuquerque Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Geography
Chilili is located in southeastern Bernalillo County at . New Mexico State Road 337 passes through the community, leading northwest to Tijeras and Interstate 40, and south to NM 55 east of Tajique.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the Chilili CDP has a total area of , all land.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 113 people, 37 households, and 33 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 114.0 people per square mile (44.1/km2). There were 44 housing units at an average density of 44.4 per square mile (17.2/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 34.51% White, 2.65% African American, 7.08% Native American, 52.21% from other races, and 3.54% from two or more races. 92.04% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There were 37 households, out of which 54.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 67.6% were married couples living together, 13.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 10.8% were non-families. 8.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and none had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.05 and the average family size was 3.18.
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 33.6% under the age of 18, 15.0% from 18 to 24, 20.4% from 25 to 44, 23.9% from 45 to 64, and 7.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 28 years. For every 100 females, there were 121.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 120.6 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $43,571, and the median income for a family was $32,292. Males had a median income of $31,625 versus $26,250 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $11,749. There were 23.8% of families and 28.6% of the population living below the poverty line, including 36.7% of under eighteens and none of those over 64.
Education
It is zoned to Albuquerque Public Schools.
See also
List of census-designated places in New Mexico
New Spain
Spanish land grants in New Mexico
Spanish missions in New Mexico
References
External links
New Mexico Land Grants
Census-designated places in Bernalillo County, New Mexico
Census-designated places in New Mexico
Albuquerque metropolitan area | [
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|
125833 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isleta%20Village%20Proper%2C%20New%20Mexico | Isleta Village Proper, New Mexico | Isleta Village Proper is a census-designated place (CDP) in Bernalillo County, New Mexico, United States. The population was 491 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Albuquerque Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Geography
Isleta Village Proper is located at (34.907901, -106.693176). According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , all land.
The village lies in the Rio Grande Valley of the Albuquerque Basin on the west bank of the Rio Grande. When the river is low, the nearby Isleta Diversion Dam and the downstream San Acacia Diversion Dam, both managed by the Middle Rio Grande Conservancy District, can divert all water from the Rio Grande along a stretch of the river.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 496 people, 190 households, and 125 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 1,839.4 people per square mile (709.3/km2). There were 278 housing units at an average density of 1,031.0 per square mile (397.5/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 0.60% White, 97.98% Native American, 0.40% Asian, 0.40% from other races, and 0.60% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.23% of the population.
There were 190 households, out of which 31.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 30.0% were married couples living together, 26.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.2% were non-families. 30.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.61 and the average family size was 3.26.
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 27.4% under the age of 18, 10.9% from 18 to 24, 24.6% from 25 to 44, 18.8% from 45 to 64, and 18.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 76.5 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $20,268, and the median income for a family was $20,000. Males had a median income of $25,000 versus $31,538 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $9,804. About 36.2% of families and 38.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 53.0% of those under age 18 and 45.7% of those age 65 or over.
Education
It is zoned to Albuquerque Public Schools.
In media
In 1912, D. W. Griffith made the film "A Pueblo Legend", starring Mary Pickford as Isleta Pueblo.
See also
List of census-designated places in New Mexico
References
External links
Census-designated places in Bernalillo County, New Mexico
Census-designated places in New Mexico
Albuquerque metropolitan area | [
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125834 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unity%20Mitford | Unity Mitford | Unity Valkyrie Freeman-Mitford (8 August 1914 – 28 May 1948) was a British socialite, known for her relationship with Adolf Hitler. Both in Great Britain and Germany, she was a prominent supporter of Nazism, fascism and antisemitism, and belonged to Hitler's inner circle of friends. After the declaration of World War II, Mitford attempted suicide in Munich by shooting herself in the head. She survived but was badly injured. She was allowed safe passage back to England but never recovered from the extensive brain damage.
Unity was one of the six celebrated Mitford sisters, each of whom was notable in their own right for varying reasons. Her sister Diana was married to Sir Oswald Mosley, 6th Baronet, leader of the British Union of Fascists.
Childhood
Unity Mitford was the fifth of seven children born in London, England to David Freeman-Mitford, 2nd Baron Redesdale, and his wife, Sydney (1880–1963), daughter of Thomas Gibson Bowles, MP. (The Mitford family is an aristocratic family tracing its origins in Northumberland back to the 11th-century Norman settlement of England.)
Unity Mitford was conceived in the town of Swastika, Ontario, in Canada, where her family had gold mines. Her siblings were Nancy (28 November 1904 – 30 June 1973), Pamela (25 November 1907 – 12 April 1994), Thomas (2 January 1909 – 30 March 1945), Diana (17 June 1910 – 11 August 2003), Jessica (11 September 1917 – 22 July 1996), and Deborah (31 March 1920 – 24 September 2014), later the Duchess of Devonshire. The Mitford children lived at Asthall Manor in Asthall, Oxfordshire, and Unity was educated at St Margaret's School, Bushey.
Diana Mosley’s biographer, Jan Dalley, believes that, "Unity found life in her big family very difficult because she came after these cleverer, prettier, more accomplished sisters." While another biographer, David Pryce-Jones, added: "If you come from a ruck of children in a large family, you've got to do something to assert your individuality, and I think through the experience of trying to force her way forward among the sisters and in the family, she decided that she was going to form a personality against everything". It has been speculated that Unity turned to Nazism as a way to distinguish herself within the family. As Dalley states: "I think the desire to shock was very important, it was the way that she made herself special. When she discovered Nazism and discovered that it was a fantastic opportunity to shock everybody in England she’d discovered the best tease of all."
Her younger sister, Jessica, with whom she shared a bedroom, was a dedicated communist. The two drew a chalk line down the middle to divide the room. Jessica's side was decorated with hammer and sickles and pictures of Vladimir Lenin, while Unity's was decorated with swastikas and pictures of Adolf Hitler. Dalley commented "they were kids virtually, you don't know how much it was just a game, a game that became deadly serious in later life."
Social debut
Mitford was a debutante in 1932. That same year her elder sister Diana left her husband to pursue an affair with Oswald Mosley who had just founded the British Union of Fascists. Their father was furious at the disgrace and forbade any member of the family to see either Diana or "The Man Mosley", as he termed him. Mitford disobeyed and she met with Mosley that summer at a party thrown by Diana where she was promised a party badge. Mosley's son, Nicholas, stated that: "Unity became a very extrovert member of the party, which was her way [...] She joined my father's party and she used to turn up, she used to go around in a black shirt uniform, and she used to turn up at communist meetings and she used to do the fascist salute and heckle the speaker. That was the sort of person she was". He adds that although his father admired Unity's commitment, Mosley felt "She wasn't doing him any good, because she was making an exhibition of herself."
Unity and Diana Mitford travelled to Germany as part of the British delegation from the British Union of Fascists, to the 1933 Nuremberg Rally, seeing Hitler for the first time. Mitford later said, "The first time I saw him I knew there was no one I would rather meet." Biographer Anne de Courcy confirms: "The Nuremberg rally had a profound effect on both Diana and Unity ... Unity was already, as it were, convinced about Hitler, but this turned conviction into worship. From then on she wanted to be near Hitler as much as possible".
Arrival in Germany
Mitford returned to Germany in the summer of 1934, enrolling in a language school in Munich close to the Nazi Party headquarters. Dalley notes "She was obsessed with meeting Hitler, so she really set out to stalk him." Pryce Jones elaborates:
After ten months, Hitler finally invited her to his table, where they talked for over 30 minutes, with Hitler picking up her bill. In a letter to her father, Mitford wrote: "It was the most wonderful and beautiful [day] of my life. I am so happy that I wouldn't mind a bit, dying. I'd suppose I am the luckiest girl in the world. For me he is the greatest man of all time". Hitler had also become smitten with the young blonde British student. He was struck by her curious connections to the Germanic culture including her middle name, Valkyrie. Mitford's grandfather, Algernon Freeman-Mitford, had been a friend of Richard Wagner, one of Hitler's idols, and had written introductions to two works of Houston Stewart Chamberlain. Dalley says, "Hitler was extremely superstitious, and he believed that Unity was sort of sent to him, it was destined." Mitford subsequently received invitations to party rallies and state occasions, and was described by Hitler as "a perfect specimen of Aryan womanhood."
Hitler and Mitford became close, with Hitler reportedly playing Mitford off against his new girlfriend, Eva Braun, apparently to make her jealous. Braun wrote of Mitford in her diary: "She is known as the Valkyrie and looks the part, including her legs. I the mistress of the greatest man in Germany and the whole world, I sit here waiting while the sun mocks me through the window panes." Braun regained Hitler's attention after an attempted suicide and Mitford learned from this that desperate measures were often needed to capture the Führer's attention.
Mitford attended the Hitler Youth festival in Hesselberg with Hitler's friend Julius Streicher, where she gave a virulently anti-Semitic speech. She subsequently repeated these sentiments in an open letter to Streicher's paper, Der Stürmer, which read: "The English have no notion of the Jewish danger. Our worst Jews work only behind the scenes. We think with joy of the day when we will be able to say England for the English! Out with the Jews! Heil Hitler! P.S. please publish my name in full, I want everyone to know I am a Jew hater." The letter caused public outrage in Britain but Hitler rewarded her with an engraved golden swastika badge, a private box at the 1936 Berlin Olympics, and a ride in a party Mercedes to the Bayreuth Festival.
Inside the inner circle
From this point on, Mitford was inducted into Hitler's inner circle and remained with him for five years. When Hitler announced the Anschluss in 1938, she appeared with him on the balcony in Vienna. She was later arrested in Prague for distributing Nazi propaganda. Pryce Jones reports that "She [Mitford] saw him, it seemed, more than a hundred times, no other English person could have anything like that access to Hitler", and the suspicions of the British SIS were aroused. MI5 officer Guy Liddell wrote in his diary: "Unity Mitford had been in close and intimate contact with the Führer and his supporters for several years, and was an ardent and open supporter of the Nazi regime. She had remained behind after the outbreak of war and her action had come perilously close to high treason." A 1936 report went further, proclaiming her "more Nazi than the Nazis" and stated that she gave the Hitler salute to the British Consul General in Munich, who immediately requested that her passport be impounded. In 1938, Hitler gave her a choice of four apartments in Munich. Mitford is reported to have visited one apartment to discuss her decoration and design plans while the soon-to-be-dispossessed residents, a Jewish couple, sat in the kitchen crying. Immediately prior to this, she had lived in the house of Erna Hanfstaengl, sister of early Hitler admirer and confidante Ernst Hanfstaengl, but was ordered to leave when Hitler became angry with the Hanfstaengls.
Many prominent Nazis were also suspicious of Mitford and her relationship to their Führer. In his memoirs, Inside the Third Reich, Albert Speer said of Hitler's select group: "One tacit agreement prevailed: No one must mention politics. The sole exception was Lady [sic] Mitford, who even in the later years of international tension persistently spoke up for her country and often actually pleaded with Hitler to make a deal with Britain. In spite of Hitler's discouraging reserve, she did not abandon her efforts through all those years". Mitford summered at the Berghof where she continued to discuss a possible German-British alliance with Hitler, going so far as to supply lists of potential supporters and enemies.
At the 1939 Bayreuth Festival, Hitler warned Unity and her sister Diana that war with Britain was inevitable within weeks and they should return home. Diana returned to England, while Unity chose to remain in Germany, though her family sent pleas for her to come home. After Britain's declaration of war on Germany on 3 September 1939, Unity was distraught. Diana Mitford told an interviewer in 1999: "She told me that if there was a war, which of course we all terribly hoped there might not be, that she would kill herself because she couldn't bear to live and see these two countries tearing each other to pieces, both of which she loved." On the morning of 3 September she visited the Gauleiter Adolf Wagner to inquire if she would be detained as an enemy alien, receiving assurances from Wagner that she would not. He was concerned by her demeanor and assigned two men to follow her, but she managed to shake them off by the time she entered the English Garden in Munich, where she took a pearl-handled pistol given to her by Hitler for protection and shot herself in the head. She survived the suicide attempt, and was hospitalised in Munich, where Hitler frequently visited her. He paid her bills and arranged for her return home.
Return to Great Britain
In December 1939, Mitford was moved to a hospital in Bern in the neutral country of Switzerland, where her mother and youngest sister, Deborah, went to collect her. In a 2002 letter to The Guardian, Deborah relates the experience: "We were not prepared for what we found – the person lying in bed was desperately ill. She had lost , was all huge eyes and matted hair, untouched since the bullet went through her skull. The bullet was still in her head, inoperable the doctor said. She could not walk, talked with difficulty and was a changed personality, like one who had had a stroke. Not only was her appearance shocking, she was a stranger, someone we did not know. We brought her back to England in an ambulance coach attached to a train. Every jolt was agony to her."
Stating she could remember nothing of the incident, Mitford returned to England with her mother and sister in January 1940 amid a flurry of press interest and her comment, "I'm glad to be in England, even if I'm not on your side", led to public calls for her internment as a traitor. Due to the intervention by Home Secretary John Anderson, at the behest of her father, she was left to live out her days with her mother at the family home at Swinbrook, Oxfordshire. Under the care of Professor Hugh Cairns, neurosurgeon at the Nuffield Hospital in Oxford, "She learned to walk again, but never fully recovered. She was incontinent and childish." Her mental age was likened to that of a 10 year old, or a "sophisticated child" as James Lees-Milne called her (although he continues that she was "still very amusing in that Mitford manner"). She had a tendency to talk incessantly, had trouble concentrating her mind, and showed an unusually large appetite with sloppy table manners. Lees-Milne observed her to be "rather plain and fat, and says she weighs ". She did however, retain at least some of her devotion to the Nazi party; her family friend Billa Harrod recalled Unity stating that she wished to have children and name the eldest Adolf.
From 1943, she also spent long periods in Hillmorton, an area of Rugby in Warwickshire, staying with the local vicar and his family. Mitford was keen to visit her sister Diana in Holloway Prison, and Norah Elam offered to look after Mitford at their home in Logan Place for a short period. Norah Elam and her husband Dudley escorted Mitford to see Diana and Oswald Mosley in Holloway on 18 March 1943.
Up to 11 September 1941, Mitford is reported to have had an affair with RAF Pilot Officer John Andrews, a test pilot, who was stationed at the nearby RAF Brize Norton. MI5 learned of this and reported it to Home Secretary Herbert Morrison in October. He had heard that she "drives about the countryside … and picks up airmen, etc, and … interrogates them." Andrews, a former bank clerk and a married father, was "removed as far away as the limited extent of the British Isles permits." He was re-posted to the far north of Scotland where he died in a Spitfire crash in 1945. Authorities then concluded that Mitford did not pose a significant threat.
Death
Mitford was taken seriously ill on a visit to the family-owned island of Inch Kenneth and was taken to hospital in Oban. Doctors had decided it was too dangerous to remove the bullet in her head. On 28 May 1948, Mitford died of meningitis caused by the cerebral swelling around the bullet. She was buried at Swinbrook Churchyard. The inscription on her gravestone reads: "Say not the struggle naught availeth."
Controversies
Allegations of a faked shooting
On 1 December 2002, following the release of declassified documents (including the diary of wartime MI5 officer Guy Liddell), investigative journalist Martin Bright published an article in The Observer that claimed Home Secretary John Anderson intervened to prevent Mitford being questioned on her return from Germany. He also alleged that the shooting, which "has become part of the Mitford myth," may have been invented to excuse this.
In the article Bright pointed out that press photographers and other observers that witnessed Mitford's return, and "her entourage" that he claims included other known Nazi supporters, to Britain on 3 January 1940 said that, "there were no outward signs of her injury". Liddell's diary entry for 2 January states, "We had no evidence to support the press allegations that she was in a serious state of health and it might well be that she was brought in on a stretcher in order to avoid publicity and unpleasantness to her family." He had wanted to search her upon her return but had been prevented from doing so by the Home Secretary. On 8 January, Liddell notes receiving a report from the Security Control Officers who were responsible for meeting the arrivals that states "there were no signs of a bullet wound."
Mitford's cousin, Rupert Mitford, 6th Baron Redesdale, replied to the accusations by saying, "I love conspiracy theories but it goes a little far to suggest Unity was faking it. But people did wonder how she was up on her feet so soon after shooting herself in the head." Unity's sister, Deborah, rebutted by stating that the entourage that returned with Unity consisted of herself and their mother and although she could not remember them being searched upon return, that Unity "could not walk, talked with difficulty and was a changed personality, like one who had had a stroke", and that she has detailed records from Professor Cairns, neurosurgeon at the Nuffield Hospital in Oxford, on her condition, including X-rays showing the bullet.
In a later article for New Statesman, Bright states, "In fact, Liddell was wrong about her injuries. She had indeed shot herself and later died of an infection caused by the bullet in the brain."
Rumours of Hitler's baby
In December 2007, Bright published an article in New Statesman stating that following a previous article on Unity Mitford, he had received a phone call from a Ms Val Hann, a member of the public, offering new information on the story. The caller said that during the war, her aunt, Betty Norton, had run Hill View Cottage, a private maternity hospital in Oxford where Mitford had been a client. According to Hann's family legend, passed from Betty to Val's mother and then on to Val herself, Mitford had checked into the hospital after her return to England where she had given birth to Hitler's child, who was subsequently given up for adoption. Bright states he was initially sceptical.
Bright traveled to Wigginton where the current owner of Hill View confirmed that Norton had indeed run the cottage as a maternity hospital during the war. Bright met with elderly village resident Audrey Smith, whose sister had worked at Hill View. She confirmed seeing "Unity wrapped in a blanket and looking very ill" but insisted that she was there to recover from a nervous breakdown and not to give birth. Bright also contacted Unity's sister Deborah who denounced the villager's gossip and claimed she could produce her mother's diaries to prove it. Bright returned to the National Archives where he found a file on Unity sealed under the 100-year rule. He received special permission to open it and discovered that in October 1941, while living at the family home in Swinbrook, she had been consorting with a married RAF test pilot – throwing doubt on her reported invalidity.
Bright then abandoned the investigation, until he mentioned the story to an executive from Channel 4 who thought it was a good subject for a documentary film. Further investigation was then undertaken as part of the filming for Hitler's British Girl. This included a visit to an Oxfordshire register office, showing an abnormally large number of birth registrations at Hill View at that time, apparently confirming its use as a maternity hospital. No records were found for Mitford, although the records officer stated many births were not registered at this time. The publication of the article and the broadcast of the film the following week stimulated media speculation that Hitler's child could be living in the United Kingdom.
In popular culture
Unity a play by John Mortimer depicting Mitford's time in Berlin was broadcast on BBC Two on 20 March 1981. Unity was played by Lesley-Anne Down.
Mitford's connection with Adolf Hitler is the main subject of the novel Resolution by Adam Zerny.
Unity Mitford is mentioned in “Breakfast at Tiffany’s” by Truman Capote. Rutherford (“Rusty”) Trawler, apparently was supposed to propose to Unity Mitford before the war, If Hitler didn’t.
See also
The Mitfords: Letters Between Six Sisters
References
Further reading
Pryce-Jones, David; Unity Mitford: A Quest (W&N, 1995) ; Unity Mitford: An Enquiry into Her Life and the Frivolity of Evil (Dial Press, 1977)
1914 births
1948 deaths
British anti-communists
English fascists
British Union of Fascists politicians
British socialites
Deaths from meningitis
Neurological disease deaths in Scotland
Infectious disease deaths in Scotland
Daughters of barons
Unity
Nazis from outside Germany
People educated at St Margaret's School, Bushey
British expatriates in Germany | [
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125835 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los%20Ranchos%20de%20Albuquerque%2C%20New%20Mexico | Los Ranchos de Albuquerque, New Mexico | Los Ranchos de Albuquerque, known locally simply as "Los Ranchos" or "The Village," is a village in Bernalillo County, New Mexico, United States. The population was 6,024 at the 2010 Census.
Description
Part of the Albuquerque Metropolitan Statistical Area, Los Ranchos is located on the east side of the Rio Grande, adjacent to the unincorporated North Valley area. Los Ranchos is surrounded on three sides by the larger city of Albuquerque, and its location astride busy transportation routes has been a source of friction with its larger neighbor, as Los Ranchos' efforts to maintain its rural character conflicts with Albuquerque's desire to enhance transportation. Like the North Valley and Corrales, Los Ranchos is an expensive, mostly rural area with widely spaced large houses and dense vegetation.
History
Pueblo tribes
Signs of human activity in the middle Rio Grande valley date back to as early as 10,000 B.C. The introduction of cultivated maize from Mexico in 1,000 B.C. marked a major turning point in the settlement of the region, causing the traditionally nomadic tribes of the area to adopt a more agricultural way of life. The first pueblos in the area appeared between 1 and 600 A.D., established by the Tiwas (called Tigua by the Spaniards), and by 1,200 AD there were already 14 major sites along the Rio Grande from Algodones to Isleta, the Chamisal Site in present-day Los Ranchos being among the largest of these communities.
Hernando de Alvarado was reported as being one of the first Europeans to lay eyes on the region in September 1540 as the leader of a small convoy sent out by Coronado. He described the area as a "broad valley planted with fields of maize and dotted with cottonwood groves. There are twelve pueblos, whose houses are built of mud and are two stories high."
Early settlers
The first colonizing expedition into New Mexico was led by Juan de Oñate in 1598, and the fertile valley between Alameda and Atrisco was gradually populated by settlers living on scattered farms. The settlers were briefly driven out during the Pueblo Revolt of 1680, but returned in 1692. Frequent Apache and Navajo raiding compelled the settlers to consolidate their scattered dwellings into a series of plazas, which were easier to defend. Upriver from Albuquerque, these included Los Duranes, Los Candelarias, Los Griegos, and Los Ranchos, or more formally Plaza de Señor San José de los Ranchos. The Los Ranchos plaza was probably established around 1750, and had 176 residents living in 40 households at the time of the 1790 census. By 1814, the population had increased to 65 households and 331 people, and the village even became the seat of Bernalillo County for a brief period from 1851 to 1854. Unfortunately for its residents, the Los Ranchos area was prone to flooding, and the old village was badly damaged by major floods in 1874 and 1891 before being completely wiped away in a third flood in 1904. The continued flooding also turned much of the land alkaline and untillable.
Early 20th-century development
Many of the settling families sold their land to Anglo settlers and speculators after the railroad reached Albuquerque in 1880. In the face of growing demand for more housing, small subdivisions, land holdings and large country estates began to appear along Rio Grande Boulevard, new roads were constructed and existing ones were paved or removed. During the 20th century, a half-mile-long section of the Guadalupe Trail starting just south of Chamisal Road and extending north to Ranchitos Road became known as the new Los Ranchos.
"The 1930s marked a time when Albuquerque families began moving to the North Valley in greater numbers, some buying and restoring abandoned adobe homes, others proceeding to build large new houses." United States Representatives Albert Simms and his wife Ruth Hanna McCormick were among these families and built two houses designed by Santa Fe architect John Gaw Meem on the site of the current-day Los Poblanos Ranch. The valley continued to be home to many farms and ranches, and dairies were run by both Anglo and Spanish families alike. After World War II there was a new flood of settlers to Albuquerque, and the number of able-bodied men to work the land had thinned. Housing developments began to pop up on any available land around the Valley. Rob Lee Meadows was built on the site of the old Los Ranchos plaza, the farmlands belonging to the Robert Dietz family were turned into the rows of houses of Dietz Farms and over 100 acres of farm owned by the Charles Mann family became the present day Meadows on Rio Grande and Thomas Village homes.
Founding and incorporation
This sudden influx of newcomers and development after the war caused alarm that Albuquerque proper would annex Los Ranchos, and residents sought incorporation to prevent such a fate. After a successful vote, the village of Los Ranchos de Albuquerque was incorporated on December 29, 1958. People involved in incorporating the village included William Kitsch, Frederick O'Hara, Sam Hartnett, Paul Gillespie and Robert Nordhaus. This area contained the least developed section of the valley and included many of the larger homes and remaining open space. Restrictions on lot size and use have kept this area less built up and more verdant than other parts of the North Valley.
Today Los Ranchos has been able to preserve much of its original rural agricultural nature and is one of the most desirable places of high-end residence in the entire Albuquerque area.
Geography
Los Ranchos de Albuquerque is located at (35.161644, -106.646432).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of , all land.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 5,092 people, 1,997 households, and 1,431 families residing in the village. The population density was 1,247.3 people per square mile (481.9/km2). There were 2,107 housing units at an average density of 516.1 per square mile (199.4/km2). The racial makeup of the village was 81.60% White, 0.49% African American, 1.55% Native American, 0.71% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 12.14% from other races, and 3.46% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 37.41% of the population.
There were 1,997 households, out of which 30.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.4% were married couples living together, 9.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.3% were non-families. 22.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.55 and the average family size was 2.98.
In the village, the population was spread out, with 23.9% under the age of 18, 5.9% from 18 to 24, 23.3% from 25 to 44, 33.0% from 45 to 64, and 13.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.7 males.
The median income for a household in the village was $60,500, and the median income for a family was $77,150. Males had a median income of $51,797 versus $31,757 for females. The per capita income for the village was $40,883. About 6.6% of families and 8.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.6% of those under age 18 and 9.2% of those age 65 or over.
Education
It is zoned to Albuquerque Public Schools.
See also
List of municipalities in New Mexico
References
External links
Villages in Bernalillo County, New Mexico
Villages in New Mexico
Albuquerque metropolitan area | [
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|
125836 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North%20Valley%2C%20New%20Mexico | North Valley, New Mexico | North Valley is a census-designated place (CDP) in Bernalillo County, New Mexico, United States. As of the 2010 Census, the CDP population was 11,333. It is part of the Albuquerque Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , of which , or 0.44%, is water.
Climate
North Valley has an arid climate (BSk, depending on the particular scheme of the Köppen climate classification system one uses), With daytime temperature averaging about five degrees warmer than the Albuquerque International Sunport and overnight lows averaging slightly cooler. North Valley has a more of a desert feel especially in the summer months when temperatures often reach +. Average annual precipitation is .
Winters are mild with cold nights and warm days. Snowfall is rare, with an average of , and when it does occur it usually melts by the afternoon. Highs are usually in the to with lows in the and .
Spring can be windy at times with blowing dust but pleasant for the most part. Highs are usually in the to the with lows in to the .
Summer brings hot conditions with low humidity typical of the desert southwest. Monsoon season usually start in late June to early July and may last until mid to late September, depending on the annual intensity of the moist air from the Gulf of California. Highs are usually in the and with lows in the and .
Fall brings cooler temperatures and drier conditions. Nights can get chilly at times but are pleasant at others. One can watch the Albuquerque International Balloon Fiesta from their yards from anywhere in the North Valley. Highs are in the to the with lows in the to .
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 11,923 people, 4,467 households, and 3,095 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 1,645.3 people per square mile (635.0/km2). There were 4,772 housing units at an average density of 658.5 per square mile (254.1/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 73.62% White, 1.04% African American, 2.91% Native American, 0.41% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 18.19% from other races, and 3.77% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 56.81% of the population.
There were 4,467 households, out of which 30.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.1% were married couples living together, 12.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.7% were non-families. 24.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.59 and the average family size was 3.08.
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 25.6% under the age of 18, 8.3% from 18 to 24, 26.2% from 25 to 44, 25.8% from 45 to 64, and 14.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.7 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $39,888, and the median income for a family was $45,129. Males had a median income of $31,948 versus $26,433 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $19,398. About 8.5% of families and 10.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.5% of those under age 18 and 10.1% of those age 65 or over.
Education
It is zoned to Albuquerque Public Schools.
References
Census-designated places in Bernalillo County, New Mexico
Census-designated places in New Mexico
Albuquerque metropolitan area | [
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|
125837 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South%20Valley%2C%20New%20Mexico | South Valley, New Mexico | South Valley is a census-designated place (CDP) and town in Bernalillo County, New Mexico, United States. The population was 40,976 at the 2010 Census. It is part of the Albuquerque Metropolitan Statistical Area. The U.S. Postal Service uses "Albuquerque" for all South Valley addresses (ZIP code 87105).
Geography and environment
South Valley is located in central Bernalillo County at . It is bordered on the north, east, and half of its west side by the city of Albuquerque. The Rio Grande runs north to south through the center of the CDP.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , of which is land and , or 4.23%, is water.
Municipal wells San Jose number 3 and San Jose number 6 were decommissioned in 1981 due to contamination with low levels of organic solvents, halocarbons and aromatics. These wells were plugged and abandoned in September 1994. The site remains on the Superfund site list with on-going remedial actions to contain, capture and reduce the concentration of the contaminant plume within the ground water.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 40,976 people, 13,802 households, and 10,087 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 1,362.2 people per square mile (523.7/km). There were 14,784 housing units at an average density of 491.2 per square mile (189.8/km). The racial makeup of the CDP was 59.5% White, 1.2% African American, 2.2% Native American, 0.4% Asian, 0.0% Pacific Islander, 32.7% from other races, and 4.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 80.2% of the population.
There were 13,802 households, out of which 31.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.1% were married couples living together, 17.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 9.2% were a male householder with no wife present, and 26.9% were non-families. 21.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.93 and the average family size was 3.4.
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 26.8% under the age of 18, 6.9% from 20 to 24, 24.9% from 25 to 44, 21.4% from 45 to 64, and 12.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35.5 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.7 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $36,821, and the median income for a family was $32,833. Males had a median income of $25,560 versus $21,973 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $17,045. About 17.4% of families and 25.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 29.2% of those under age 18 and 17.9% of those age 65 or over.
Incorporation efforts
Presently, the South Valley is an unincorporated area in Bernalillo County that lies south of the city limits of Albuquerque. In January 2010, a special election was held in the South Valley to decide whether or not the region should incorporate into a city, to be named Valle de Atrisco. Voters in the South Valley overwhelmingly rejected incorporation by a 93 to 7 percent margin during the special election on January 5, 2010. Opponents to incorporation cited the potential costs (and tax burden for residents) for providing for education, public works, police and fire services in the South Valley since Bernalillo County would no longer be providing these services to the community following incorporation.
Education
It is zoned to Albuquerque Public Schools.
Rio Grande High School is in South Valley.
In media
South Valley has been used as a filming location for the television series Breaking Bad and In Plain Sight.
References
Census-designated places in Bernalillo County, New Mexico
Census-designated places in New Mexico
Albuquerque metropolitan area
Superfund sites in New Mexico | [
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125838 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tijeras%2C%20New%20Mexico | Tijeras, New Mexico | Tijeras is a village in Bernalillo County, New Mexico, United States. The population was 541 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Albuquerque metropolitan area.
Pre-Columbian
The Tijeras Pueblo Archaeological Site is located in Tijeras at 35° 04′ 30″ N, 106° 23′ 01.″ The site was occupied by Ancestral Pueblo people from about 1313 CE to 1425 CE. In the first phase of its occupation the Tijeras Pueblo had about 200 rooms in terraced buildings arranged in a "U" shape with a large ceremonial Kiva at the center. The pueblo was partially abandoned after about 1360 but rebuilding began about 1390, although the pueblo never regained its previous size. It was abandoned about 1425. The reasons for the abandonment of the pueblo are unknown, although it may have been because of drought and water shortages.
The Tijeras Pueblo Archaeological Site is open to visitors. A museum on the site is open weekends and a self-guiding trail winds through the ruins.
History
Tijeras was part of the Carnuel land grant, created in 1763 to defend Albuquerque from the raids of Comanche, Kiowa, and Plains Apache American Indians. The village is located in Tijeras Canyon, a strategic and natural corridor between the nomadic Indians of the Great Plains and the Spanish settlements in the Rio Grande valley. Nineteen men some with families, comprised the first settlers at Carnuel. They were mostly from the lower castas of Spanish society, "coyotes" and genizaros (Indians who lived among the Spanish and had adopted some elements of Hispanic culture). For the coyotes and genizaros the attraction to settle in the Tijeras area was the opportunity to own land through the land grant from the New Mexican government.
Apache raiders killed several people in the area and the survivors abandoned the land grant area in 1771. The Tijeras area was resettled in 1819 by descendants of the original settlers plus additional landless mestizos. By that time New Mexico had made peace with the Comanche and the threat to the eastern frontiers of the colony had decreased, making the settlement feasible. The genizaro heritage continued to influence land and water usage rights in the Carnuel land grant into the 21st century.
Geography
Geography
Tijeras is located at (35.087550, -106.377354), in central New Mexico, approximately east of Albuquerque, on Interstate 40 (Exit 175) and U.S. Highway 66 (Route 66)/New Mexico state highway 333. New Mexico State Road 14 leads north from the village, toward Cedar Crest, Sandia Crest, Madrid and Santa Fe. New Mexico State Road 337 leads south from Tijeras.(See Google map).
Physical geography
Tijeras is at the junction of Tijeras Canyon, leading to the west, toward Albuquerque, and Cedro Canyon, leading to the south, toward the Manzano Mountains.
Land area
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of , of which , or 0.56%, is water.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 474 people, 191 households, and 131 families residing in the village. The population density was 559.5 people per square mile (215.3/km). There were 210 housing units at an average density of 247.9 per square mile (95.4/km). The racial makeup of the village was 65.82% White, 1.05% Native American, 0.21% Asian, 28.06% from other races, and 4.85% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 56.33% of the population.
There were 191 households, out of which 33.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.9% were married couples living together, 10.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.4% were non-families. 24.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.48 and the average family size was 3.02.
In the village, the population was spread out, with 26.8% under the age of 18, 7.2% from 18 to 24, 28.5% from 25 to 44, 27.2% from 45 to 64, and 10.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 107.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 111.6 males.
The median income for a household in the village was $34,167, and the median income for a family was $46,250. Males had a median income of $31,750 versus $25,179 for females. The per capita income for the village was $18,836. About 9.6% of families and 9.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.4% of those under age 18 and 20.0% of those age 65 or over.
As of the census of 2011, there were 548 people living in Tijeras. By 2009, the estimated mean household income had risen to $49,441, slightly above that of the state as a whole ($43,028). The mean price of a housing unit in 2009 was $229,479, which was significantly higher than the mean home price in the state as a whole ($160,900).
Education
It is zoned to Albuquerque Public Schools.
Features
Musical Highway
In October 2014, Tijeras gained national attention for a nearby "musical road", a two-lane stretch of former U.S. Highway 66 (Route 66) with grooves in the roadway (rumble strips) arranged to cause the sounds of a famous song ("America the Beautiful") to be heard when vehicles drive on it at 45 mph.
References
External links
The Singing Road of New Mexico The Singing Road
Villages in Bernalillo County, New Mexico
Villages in New Mexico
Albuquerque metropolitan area | [
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|
125839 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reserve%2C%20New%20Mexico | Reserve, New Mexico | Reserve is a village in Catron County, New Mexico, United States. The population was 289 as of the 2010 census, down from 387 in 2000. It is the county seat of Catron County. Currently the village has two grocery stores, a hardware store, a bar, fairgrounds, and a health clinic. It is the site where Elfego Baca held off a gang of Texan cowboys who wanted to kill him for arresting cowboy Charles McCarty.
History
Catron became a county in 1921. It was named after an attorney and political leader from Santa Fe, Thomas B. Catron.
In the 1860s, Mexican-Americans established a string of villages along the San Francisco River, naming them the Upper, Lower, and Middle San Francisco Plazas. In the late 1870s Anglo settlers began arriving. They renamed Upper Frisco Plaza as Milligan's Plaza, naming it after a merchant and saloon owner.
Milligan's Plaza was the site of the Frisco shootout of Elfego Baca.
Geography
Reserve is located in western Catron County in the valley of the San Francisco River. New Mexico State Road 12 passes through the village, leading west to U.S. Route 180 near Reserve Airport and northeast to U.S. Route 60 at Datil. NM 435 leads south through the communities of San Francisco Plaza and Lower San Francisco Plaza before ending south of Reserve.
Reserve is situated in the Gila National Forest about east of the Arizona/New Mexico border. The area includes ruins from the Mogollon and Anasazi tribes, as well as petroglyphs and historic Old West sites.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of , all land.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 387 people, 177 households, and 103 families residing in the village. The population density was 696.2 people per square mile (266.8/km). There were 238 housing units at an average density of 428.2 per square mile (164.1/km). The racial makeup of the village was 80.10% White, 0.52% African American, 0.52% Native American, 13.95% from other races, and 4.91% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 40.57% of the population.
There were 177 households, out of which 25.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.8% were married couples living together, 14.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 41.8% were non-families. 39.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.14 and the average family size was 2.84.
In the village, the population was spread out, with 24.5% under the age of 18, 7.5% from 18 to 24, 20.9% from 25 to 44, 28.2% from 45 to 64, and 18.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.6 males.
The median income for a household in the village was $24,750, and the median income for a family was $30,536. Males had a median income of $30,833 versus $16,000 for females. The per capita income for the village was $14,612. About 14.2% of families and 17.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22.6% of those under age 18 and 9.1% of those age 65 or over.
Climate
Reserve has a Mediterranean climate of the warm-summer type (Köppen: Csb), unusual in New Mexico. Despite having mild to hot daytime highs year round, temperatures substantially cool off during nighttime due to Reserve's high elevation and aridity. Even in the summertime, 90 degree days can cool off into the 40's. A freeze has been recorded every month of the year except August. Reserve receives most of its rainfall in the form of thunderstorms from mid-summer into fall from the North American Monsoon, which can produce hazardous flash floods very quickly. Snow usually falls once or twice a year, but melts quickly due to the high daytime temperatures.
Education
The city is served by the Reserve Independent School District.
Reserve prehistoric pottery
This Ancestral Pueblo pottery type was named for the Reserve area, where it was first found, and is a major subdivision of the Cibola Whiteware group. Common designs are opposed solid and hatched motifs that are interlocked with each other. Usually the hatching is diagonal, but parallel hatching in late examples occurs as well. Squiggle hatching may occur on some early examples. Usually the hatched motifs average two to four times as wide as the solid motifs but occasionally approach the same size. Framing and hatching lines are usually the same width. "Bulls eyes" are common in Reserve Black-on-White.
References
Villages in Catron County, New Mexico
Villages in New Mexico
County seats in New Mexico | [
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|
125840 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dexter%2C%20New%20Mexico | Dexter, New Mexico | Dexter is a town in Chaves County, New Mexico. The population was 1,266 at the time of the 2010 census.
Geography
Dexter is located in south-central Chaves County at (33.196062, -104.370222), approximately west of the Pecos River. New Mexico State Road 2 passes through the town, leading northwest to Roswell, the county seat, and southeast to Hagerman.
According to the United States Census Bureau, Dexter has a total area of , of which is land and , or 7.88%, is water.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,235 people, 390 households, and 333 families residing in the town. The population density was 1,681.2 people per square mile (653.2/km2). There were 434 housing units at an average density of 590.8 per square mile (229.5/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 60.00% White, 0.24% African American, 0.73% Native American, 35.47% from other races, and 3.56% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 71.17% of the population.
There were 390 households, out of which 47.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.3% were married couples living together, 17.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 14.6% were non-families. 11.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.17 and the average family size was 3.39.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 35.3% under the age of 18, 9.9% from 18 to 24, 27.4% from 25 to 44, 17.1% from 45 to 64, and 10.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.7 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $30,707, and the median income for a family was $31,316. Males had a median income of $23,950 versus $16,591 for females. The per capita income for the town was $10,239. About 14.8% of families and 14.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.2% of those under age 18 and 31.5% of those age 65 or over.
Notable person
Mike E. Smith, jockey who won the Triple Crown in 2018
References
External links
A view of Dexter from the air
Towns in Chaves County, New Mexico
Towns in New Mexico | [
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125841 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hagerman%2C%20New%20Mexico | Hagerman, New Mexico | Hagerman is a town in Chaves County, New Mexico, United States. The population was 1,251 at the 2010 census.
Geography
Hagerman is located in south-central Chaves County at (33.112339, -104.328146), approximately west of the Pecos River. New Mexico State Road 2 passes through the town, leading northwest to Roswell, the county seat, and south to Artesia. NM 249 leads east from the center of town to the top of the Mescalero Ridge.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , all land.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,168 people, 397 households, and 296 families residing in the town. The population density was 846.8 people per square mile (326.8/km2). There were 439 housing units at an average density of 318.3 per square mile (122.8/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 67.55% White, 0.09% African American, 0.09% Native American, 0.09% Asian, 0.51% Pacific Islander, 28.94% from other races, and 2.74% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 63.18% of the population.
There were 397 households, out of which 41.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.2% were married couples living together, 13.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.2% were non-families. 21.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.94 and the average family size was 3.47.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 36.2% under the age of 18, 7.3% from 18 to 24, 24.9% from 25 to 44, 18.8% from 45 to 64, and 12.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.1 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $23,295, and the median income for a family was $26,131. Males had a median income of $25,238 versus $17,708 for females. The per capita income for the town was $10,114. About 24.1% of families and 27.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 35.4% of those under age 18 and 23.7% of those age 65 or over.
Education
Hagerman is served by the Hagerman Municipal Schools, which operates the following schools:
Hagerman Elementary School
Hagerman Middle School
Hagerman High School
The original Hagerman school building was built in the late 1800s. Between 1999 and 2003, the Hagerman Municipal Schools underwent significant construction, impacting the elementary and high school, creating more space for the growing student body population.
References
External links
Town of Hagerman official website
Towns in Chaves County, New Mexico
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|
125842 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake%20Arthur%2C%20New%20Mexico | Lake Arthur, New Mexico | Lake Arthur is a town in Chaves County, New Mexico, United States. The population was 436 at the 2010 census.
Geography
Lake Arthur is located near the southern border of Chaves County at (32.999556, -104.365158), about west of the Pecos River. New Mexico State Road 2 passes through the town, leading north to Hagerman and south to Artesia.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , all of it land.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 432 people, 134 households, and 107 families residing in the town. The population density was 789.2 people per square mile (303.3/km2). There were 149 housing units at an average density of 272.2 per square mile (104.6/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 62.96% White, 0.46% Native American, 0.69% Asian, 34.49% from other races, and 1.39% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 70.14% of the population.
There were 134 households, out of which 47.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.7% were married couples living together, 17.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 20.1% were non-families. 17.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.22 and the average family size was 3.62.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 38.4% under the age of 18, 8.3% from 18 to 24, 28.0% from 25 to 44, 14.6% from 45 to 64, and 10.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 29 years. For every 100 females, there were 114.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 103.1 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $22,386, and the median income for a family was $22,679. Males had a median income of $26,875 versus $15,179 for females. The per capita income for the town was $8,497. About 24.7% of families and 24.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 31.1% of those under age 18 and 6.5% of those age 65 or over.
So-called Badge-factory
Since the enactment of the Law Enforcement Officers Safety Act in 2004, "qualified law enforcement officer" and “qualified retired or separated law enforcement officer" have been given permission to carry a concealed firearm in any jurisdiction in the United States, regardless of state or local laws, with certain exceptions. In 2018, it was revealed that billionaire Robert Mercer (owner of Breitbart News, Cambridge Analytica, and others) was a volunteer policeman with Lake Arthur Police Department from 2011. This enrollment permitted him to carry a concealed weapon in all 50 states. Mercer also obtained police badges (old-fashioned stars) for bodyguards working for the Koch brothers and Breitbart news. The police department was shut down in April 2018 after these "badges-for-cash" were reported in the media.
References
Towns in New Mexico
Towns in Chaves County, New Mexico | [
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|
125843 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acomita%20Lake%2C%20New%20Mexico | Acomita Lake, New Mexico | Acomita Lake is a census-designated place (CDP) in Cibola County, New Mexico, United States. The population was 416 at the 2010 census.
Geography
Acomita Lake is located in northeastern Cibola County at (35.065931, -107.623511), along the northern edge of the Acoma Indian Reservation. Interstate 40 runs past the northern side of the community, with access from exits 96 and 100. A reservoir named Acomita Lake is in the eastern part of the community, and the Rio San Jose, a tributary of the Rio Puerco, forms the southern edge of the community.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , of which is land and , or 3.38%, is water.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 312 people, 74 households, and 60 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 91.3 people per square mile (35.2/km). There were 94 housing units at an average density of 27.5 per square mile (10.6/km). The racial makeup of the CDP was 0.64% White, 98.72% Native American, 0.64% from other races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.88% of the population.
There were 74 households, out of which 37.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.6% were married couples living together, 17.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 17.6% were non-families. 14.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 4.22 and the average family size was 4.56.
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 36.9% under the age of 18, 10.3% from 18 to 24, 28.2% from 25 to 44, 16.0% from 45 to 64, and 8.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 28 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.0 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $34,750, and the median income for a family was $32,750. Males had a median income of $21,806 versus $17,417 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $9,076. 17.8% of the population and 11.9% of families were below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 22.8% of those under the age of 18 and 18.2% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.
Education
All public schools in the county are operated by Grants/Cibola County Schools.
Cultural references
Acomita is mentioned in Willa Cather's 1927 novel Death Comes for the Archbishop, Book Three Chapter 1.
See also
Acoma Pueblo
Acoma Indian Reservation
References
Census-designated places in Cibola County, New Mexico
Acoma Pueblo
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|
125844 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encinal%2C%20New%20Mexico | Encinal, New Mexico | Encinal is a census-designated place (CDP) in Cibola County, New Mexico, United States. It is the smallest of the six villages of the Laguna Pueblo and sits at the base of Mount Taylor. The population was 210 at the 2010 census. The feast day for Encinal is September 8.
Geography
Encinal is located in northeastern Cibola County at (35.116923, -107.463544). It is northeast of Cubero and northeast of Exit 104 on Interstate 40. Picacho Peak, known locally as Elephant Rock, is a large rock formation to the west of the village.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , all land.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 200 people, 58 households, and 48 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 14.7 people per square mile (5.7/km2). There were 67 housing units at an average density of 4.9 per square mile (1.9/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 97.50% Native American, 1.50% White, and 1.00% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.00% of the population.
There were 58 households, out of which 27.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.8% were married couples living together, 29.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 17.2% were non-families. 15.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.45 and the average family size was 3.81.
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 29.0% under the age of 18, 12.5% from 18 to 24, 23.0% from 25 to 44, 25.5% from 45 to 64, and 10.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.9 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $40,938, and the median income for a family was $50,208. Males had a median income of $20,625 versus $18,281 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $9,496. About 18.5% of families and 23.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24.7% of those under the age of eighteen and 30.8% of those 65 or over.
Education
All public schools in the county are operated by Grants/Cibola County Schools.
Sites
See also
List of census-designated places in New Mexico
References
External links
Laguna Pueblo
Census-designated places in Cibola County, New Mexico
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125845 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grants%2C%20New%20Mexico | Grants, New Mexico | Grants is a city in Cibola County, New Mexico, United States. It is located about west of Albuquerque. The population was 9,182 at the 2010 Census. It is the county seat of Cibola County.
Grants is located along the Trails of the Ancients Byway, one of the designated New Mexico Scenic Byways.
History
Grants began as a railroad camp in the 1880s, when three Canadian brothers – Angus A. Grant, John R. Grant, and Lewis A. Grant – were awarded a contract to build a section of the Atlantic and Pacific Railroad through the region. The Grant brothers' camp was first called Grants Camp, then Grants Station, and finally Grants. The new city enveloped the existing colonial New Mexican settlement of Los Alamitos and grew along the tracks of the Atlantic and Pacific Railroad.
The town prospered as a result of railroad logging in the nearby Zuni Mountains, and it served as a section point for the Atlantic and Pacific, which became part of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway. The Zuni Mountain Railroad short line had a roundhouse in town (near present-day Exit 81 off Interstate 40) and housed workers in a small community named Breecetown. Timber from the Zuni Mountains was shipped to Albuquerque, where a large sawmill converted the timber to wood products that were sold around the west.
After the decline of logging in the 1930s, Grants-Milan gained fame as the "carrot capital" of the United States. Agriculture was aided by the creation of Bluewater Reservoir, and the region's volcanic soils provided ideal conditions for farming. Grants also benefited from its location, both being an airway beacon and later by U.S. Route 66, which brought travelers and tourists and the businesses that catered to them. Today the beacon and FSS building on the airport (KGNT) is being restored as the Western New Mexico Aviation Heritage Museum.
Perhaps the most memorable boom in the town's history occurred when Paddy Martinez, a Navajo shepherd, discovered uranium ore near Haystack Mesa, sparking a mining boom that lasted until the 1980s (see Uranium mining in New Mexico). The collapse of mining pulled the town into a depression, but the town has enjoyed a resurgence based on interest in tourism and the scenic beauty of the region. Recent interest in nuclear power has revived the possibility of more uranium mining in the area, and energy companies still own viable mining properties and claims in the area.
Geography
Grants is located in north-central Cibola County. Santa Fe Avenue (former Route 66) is the main road through the city, while Interstate 40 passes through the south side of the city, with access from exits 81 and 85. I-40 leads east to Albuquerque and west to Gallup. The town of Milan borders the northwest end of Grants.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all land. Grants is on the north end of the large and recent (youngest flows around 3,000 years old) lava field known as El Malpais ("the badlands"), part of which is preserved as El Malpais National Monument. To the northeast of town are the San Mateo Mountains and Mount Taylor, at the highest peak in the region. West of the city is the Continental Divide and the Zuni Mountains, an eroded anticline with 2-billion-year-old Precambrian granites and metamorphic rocks at its core. The region is primarily high desert country, dominated by sandstones and lava flows.
Climate
Grants has a typical New Mexico cool semi-arid climate (Köppen BSk). Located in one of the driest areas in the United States, Grants receives about of precipitation annually. The three wettest months are July, August and September, during the monsoon season. The wettest month on record has been July 2015 with , and the wettest day August 25, 1972 with . The wettest calendar year since 1948 has been 1965 with and the driest 1956 with . Even during the monsoon season, diurnal temperature ranges are very large, being at or above almost year-round.
From October, when the monsoon retreats, afternoon temperatures fall from very warm to hot down to comfortable by November and to cool during the winter proper. Mornings typically begin to fall below freezing during October, and over a whole year 177.6 mornings will fall below freezing, although afternoon maxima top freezing on all bar 5.1 afternoons. is typically reached on 4.6 mornings, and the coldest temperature on record is on Christmas Day, 1990. The aridity of the winters makes snowfall very light: the median is only and the most snow in one month in December 1967, which also saw the snowiest season with .
During the spring, the weather steadily heats up, with maxima topping before the end of April and reaching on 35.6 afternoons – although only five mornings on record have stayed above . During this early summer period, the weather remains very dry, so that mornings remain cool even into June – as late as June 23, 1964 the temperature fell to freezing. The hottest temperature on record has been on July 14, 2003 and June 28, 2013.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 8,806 people, 3,202 households, and 2,321 families residing in the city. The population density was 644.4 people per square mile (248.7/km2). There were 3,626 housing units at an average density of 265.3 per square mile (102.4/km2). The racial makeup of the city among Non-Hispanic groups was 56.18% White, 1.62% African American, 11.97% Native American, 0.92% Asian, 0.12% Pacific Islander, 24.80% from other races, and 4.38% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 52.36% of the population.
There were 3,202 households, out of which 37.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.5% were married couples living together, 17.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.5% were non-families. 24.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.61 and the average family size was 3.06.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 28.8% under the age of 18, 9.3% from 18 to 24, 27.9% from 25 to 44, 21.7% from 45 to 64, and 12.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 85.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 79.4 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $30,652, and the median income for a family was $33,464. Males had a median income of $31,870 versus $20,808 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,053. About 19.4% of families and 21.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 31.8% of those under age 18 and 11.1% of those age 65 or over.
Education
All public schools in the county are operated by Grants/Cibola County Schools. Seven elementary schools, one middle school and two high schools serve Grants and Cibola County. Los Alamitos Middle School and Grants High School serve Grants.
St. Teresa of Avila Catholic School, of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Gallup, is the only private accredited school in the city and serves grades pre-Kindergarten through eighth grades. The school building opened in 1945.
There is a branch of New Mexico State University offering a two-year postsecondary program as well as advanced degrees through distance education.
Culture
The National Park Service and the Bureau of Land Management operate the El Malpais Visitor Center at Exit 85 off Interstate 40 in Grants. The visitor center highlights the many features of El Malpais National Monument and El Malpais National Conservation Area.
There is a mining museum in town, as well as the Western New Mexico Aviation Heritage Museum at the Grants-Milan Municipal Airport.
On Route 66/Santa Fe Avenue, the Cibola Arts Council runs an art gallery and museum that features the works of local artists and many Route 66 artifacts including a Ford Model T roadster. The museum hosts special events, shows, and openings on a regular basis.
There is a Tibetan Buddhist stupa in the Zuni Mountains west of town, the Zuni Mountain Stupa.
Communications
Radio
KDSK-FM (92.7 MHz)
KMIN (980 kHz)
Television
KOB-TV (4) (NBC affiliate)
KOAT (7) (ABC affiliate)
7 Cities (10)
KRQE (13) (CBS affiliate)
Print
Cibola Citizen (formerly Cibola Beacon)
Gallup Independent
Online media
TheRacingExperts.com
Notable people
Greg Baldwin (born 1960), actor and voice actor
Joseph Fidel (1923–2015), member of the New Mexico Senate
George Hanosh (1938–2008), member of the New Mexico House of Representatives
Al Johnson (1922–2011), NFL player for the Philadelphia Eagles and coach for Western New Mexico University
Walter K. Martinez (1930–1986), member and speaker of the New Mexico House of Representatives
W. Ken Martinez (born 1959), member and speaker of the New Mexico House of Representatives
Paddy Martinez (1881–1969), prospector who discovered uranium at Haystack Mesa
Dianna Ortiz (born 1961), Roman Catholic sister of the Ursuline order who was abducted by the Guatemalan military
Clemente Sanchez (born 1958), member of the New Mexico Senate
Marvin Stephens (1922–2008), actor known for the Mickey McGuire and Jones Family film series
David Ulibarri, former member of the New Mexico Senate and Cibola County manager
Jack Wallace (1925–1995), NFL player and coach
Popular culture
Author Robison Wells has stated in his novel On Second Thought that the fictional town of Alamitos is based on Grants, which is the historical name before it was renamed after the mining camp. Wells lived in Grants during the late-1990s.
Grants is mentioned as a central location in the Louis L'Amour novel Flint.
References
External links
City of Grants official website
Cities in Cibola County, New Mexico
Cities in New Mexico
County seats in New Mexico
Micropolitan areas of New Mexico
Mining communities in New Mexico | [
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|
125846 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laguna%2C%20New%20Mexico | Laguna, New Mexico | Laguna is a census-designated place (CDP) in Cibola County, New Mexico, United States. The population was 1,241 at the 2010 census. It is located approximately 47 miles west of Albuquerque.
Laguna was founded in 1699, making it the most recent of the New Mexican pueblos. The people of Laguna Pueblo speak Western Keresan. Laguna is home to an annual feast to Saint Joseph.
History
The San Jose de la Laguna Mission and Convento, built starting in 1699, is in Laguna. It is extremely well-preserved, and has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1973.
Anton Docher, the "Padre of Isleta", served as a priest in Laguna during his long period in Isleta.
Geography
Laguna is located in eastern Cibola County at (35.047195, -107.403024). It is bordered to the west by Paraje, to the southeast by Mesita, and to the south by Interstate 40, which provides access from Exit 114. Old U.S. Route 66 passes through the community.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , all land. The CDP includes the original settlement of Laguna as well as New Laguna, about to the west on old Highway 66.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 423 people, 136 households, and 108 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 164.2 people per square mile (63.3/km2). There were 172 housing units at an average density of 66.8 per square mile (25.7/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 2.36% White, 96.45% Native American, 0.24% from other races, and 0.47% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.07% of the population.
There were 136 households, out of which 31.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.8% were married couples living together, 25.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 19.9% were non-families. 17.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.11 and the average family size was 3.44.
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 27.0% under the age of 18, 8.0% from 18 to 24, 28.6% from 25 to 44, 22.0% from 45 to 64, and 14.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.6 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $19,250, and the median income for a family was $19,750. Males had a median income of $19,000 versus $17,188 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $10,980. About 28.6% of families and 27.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 25.4% of those under age 18 and 30.9% of those age 65 or over.
Education
All public schools in the county are operated by Grants/Cibola County Schools.
Cubero Elementary School and Laguna Acoma Middle-High School serve the area.
See also
List of census-designated places in New Mexico
Laguna Pueblo
References
External links
Census-designated places in Cibola County, New Mexico
Census-designated places in New Mexico
Populated places established in 1699
History of Cibola County, New Mexico
1699 establishments in New Spain | [
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|
125847 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deborah%20Cavendish%2C%20Duchess%20of%20Devonshire | Deborah Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire | Deborah Vivien Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire, (born Deborah Vivien Freeman-Mitford and latterly Deborah, Dowager Duchess of Devonshire; 31 March 1920 – 24 September 2014) was an English aristocrat, writer, memoirist, and socialite. She was the youngest and last-surviving of the six Mitford sisters, who were prominent members of English society in the 1930s and 1940s.
Life
Known to her family as "Debo", Deborah Mitford was born in Asthall Manor, Oxfordshire, England. Her parents were David Freeman-Mitford, 2nd Baron Redesdale (1878–1958), son of Algernon Freeman-Mitford, 1st Baron Redesdale, and his wife, Sydney (1880–1963), daughter of Thomas Gibson Bowles, MP. She married Lord Andrew Cavendish, younger son of the 10th Duke of Devonshire, in 1941. When Cavendish's older brother, William, Marquess of Hartington, was killed in action in 1944, Cavendish became heir to the dukedom and began to use the courtesy title Marquess of Hartington. In 1950, on the death of his father, the Marquess of Hartington became the 11th Duke of Devonshire.
The Duchess was the main public face of Chatsworth for many decades. She wrote several books about Chatsworth, and played a key role in the restoration of the house, the enhancement of the garden and the development of commercial activities such as Chatsworth Farm Shop (which is on a quite different scale from most farm shops, as it employs a hundred people); Chatsworth's other retail and catering operations; and assorted offshoots such as Chatsworth Food, which sells luxury foodstuffs carrying her signature; and Chatsworth Design, which sells image rights to items and designs from the Chatsworth collections. Recognising the commercial imperatives of running a stately home, she took a very active role and was known to man the Chatsworth House ticket office herself. She also supervised the development of the Cavendish Hotel at Baslow, near Chatsworth, and the Devonshire Arms Hotel at Bolton Abbey.
In 1999, the Duchess was appointed a Dame Commander of the Royal Victorian Order (DCVO) by Queen Elizabeth II, for her service to the Royal Collection Trust. Upon the death of her husband in 2004, her son Peregrine Cavendish became the 12th Duke of Devonshire. She became the Dowager Duchess of Devonshire at this time, and moved into a smaller house on the Chatsworth estate.
She and the duke had seven children, four of whom died shortly after birth:
Mark Cavendish (born and died 14 November 1941)
Lady Emma Cavendish (born 26 March 1943), married Hon Tobias William Tennant, son of the 2nd Lord Glenconner, in 1963 and has issue.
Peregrine Andrew Morny Cavendish, 12th Duke of Devonshire (born 27 April 1944)
An unnamed child (miscarried December 1946; the child was a twin of Victor Cavendish, born in 1947)
Lord Victor Cavendish (born and died 22 May 1947)
Lady Mary Cavendish (born and died 5 April 1953)
Lady Sophia Louise Sydney Cavendish (born 18 March 1957), married, firstly, Anthony William Lindsay Murphy in 1979, divorced 1987. In 1988 she married secondly Alastair Morrison, 3rd Baron Margadale, son of James Morrison, 2nd Baron Margadale, with whom she had two children. Following divorce she married, thirdly, William Topley in 1999.
She was a maternal aunt of Max Mosley, former president of the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA), as well as the grandmother of fashion model Stella Tennant (1970–2020).
Politics
In 1981, the Duchess became politically active when she and her husband, Andrew Cavendish, 11th Duke of Devonshire, joined the new Social Democratic Party.
Death
The Duchess died on 24 September 2014, at the age of 94. Her funeral was held on 2 October 2014 at St Peter's Church, Edensor. Guests included The Prince of Wales and The Duchess of Cornwall.
At the time of her death, journalist Michael Crick speculated that she was the last living Briton who had met Hitler.
Titles
1920–1941 – The Honourable Deborah Freeman-Mitford
1941–1944 – Lady Andrew Cavendish
1944–1950 – Marchioness of Hartington
1950–1999 – Her Grace The Duchess of Devonshire
1999–2004 – Her Grace The Duchess of Devonshire, DCVO
2004–2014 – Her Grace The Dowager Duchess of Devonshire, DCVO
Selected interviews
Cavendish was interviewed on her experience of sitting for a portrait for painter Lucian Freud in the BBC series Imagine in 2004.
In an interview with John Preston of The Daily Telegraph, published in September 2007, she recounted having tea with Adolf Hitler during a visit to Munich in June 1937, when she was visiting Germany with her mother and her sister Unity, the latter being the only one of the three who spoke German and, therefore the one who carried on the entire conversation with Hitler. Shortly before ending the interview, Preston asked her to choose with whom she would have preferred to have tea: American singer Elvis Presley or Hitler. Looking at the interviewer with astonishment, she answered: "Well, Elvis of course! What an extraordinary question."
In 2010, the BBC journalist Kirsty Wark interviewed the Duchess for Newsnight. In it, the Duchess talked about life in the 1930s and 1940s, Hitler, the Chatsworth estate, and the marginalisation of the upper classes. She was also interviewed on 23 December by Charlie Rose for PBS.
On 10 November 2010, she was interviewed as part of "The Artists, Poets, and Writers Lecture Series" sponsored by the Frick Collection, an interview which focused on her memoir and her published correspondence with Patrick Leigh Fermor.
Ancestry
Publications
Books
Chatsworth: The House (1980; revised edition 2002)
The Estate: A View from Chatsworth (1990)
The Farmyard at Chatsworth (1991) – for children
Treasures of Chatsworth: A Private View (1991)
The Garden at Chatsworth (1999)
Counting My Chickens and Other Home Thoughts (2002) – essays
The Chatsworth Cookery Book (2003)
Round About Chatsworth (2005)
Memories of Andrew Devonshire (2007)
The Mitfords: Letters Between Six Sisters (2007), edited by Charlotte Mosley,
In Tearing Haste: Letters Between Deborah Devonshire and Patrick Leigh Fermor (2008), edited by Charlotte Mosley
Home to Roost . . . and Other Peckings (2009)
Wait for Me!... Memoirs of the Youngest Mitford Sister (2010)
All in One Basket (2011)
Mitford, Diana, The Pursuit of Laughter (2008) – introduction
Magazines
The Spectator
Bibliography
Documentary
Chatsworth (TV series)
References
External links
Deborah Mitford: Beauty Icon on style.com; accessed 28 September 2014.
1920 births
2014 deaths
English duchesses by marriage
Cavendish family
British cookbook writers
Daughters of barons
English socialites
English memoirists
English non-fiction writers
Dames Commander of the Royal Victorian Order
Mitford family
People from Derbyshire Dales (district)
Women cookbook writers
People from West Oxfordshire District
British women memoirists | [
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|
125848 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesita%2C%20New%20Mexico | Mesita, New Mexico | Mesita is a census-designated place (CDP) in Cibola County, New Mexico, United States. The population was 804 at the 2010 census.
Geography
Mesita is located in eastern Cibola County at (35.006053, -107.316732). It is bordered to the northwest by Laguna. Interstate 40 passes through the community, with access from Exit 117. I-40 leads west to Grants, the Cibola County seat, and east to Albuquerque. The Rio San Jose, a tributary of the Rio Puerco, runs along the northeast side of the community.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the Mesita CDP has a total area of , of which , or 0.13%, is water.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 776 people, 214 households, and 188 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 72.5 people per square mile (28.0/km2). There were 228 housing units at an average density of 21.3 per square mile (8.2/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 1.03% White, 97.42% Native American, 0.77% from other races, and 0.77% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.96% of the population.
There were 214 households, out of which 46.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.4% were married couples living together, 29.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 12.1% were non-families. 10.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 3.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.63 and the average family size was 3.88.
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 36.0% under the age of 18, 10.1% from 18 to 24, 29.0% from 25 to 44, 19.1% from 45 to 64, and 5.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 28 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.8 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $24,444, and the median income for a family was $27,083. Males had a median income of $26,184 versus $21,364 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $10,104. About 23.2% of families and 26.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 37.1% of those under age 18 and 22.5% of those age 65 or over.
Education
All public schools in the county are operated by Grants/Cibola County Schools.
See also
List of census-designated places in New Mexico
References
External links
Laguna Pueblo
Census-designated places in Cibola County, New Mexico
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125849 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milan%2C%20New%20Mexico | Milan, New Mexico | Milan is a village in Cibola County, New Mexico, United States. The population was 3,245 at the 2010 census.
A suburb of Grants, Milan's population grew by over 1,300 between 2000 and 2010, a rate of 71.6%. Many new houses and service-oriented businesses are being built. Milan is the site of the privately run Cibola County Correctional Center, which houses more than 1,000 federal prisoners and is a major employer.
Geography
Milan is located in northern Cibola County at (35.176950, -107.895301). It is bordered to the south by Grants, the county seat.
Interstate 40 runs through the village, with access via Exit 79. New Mexico State Road 122, formerly U.S. Route 66, passes through the eastern side of town. Via I-40 it is east to Albuquerque and west to Gallup.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of , of which , or 0.11%, is water.
Demographics
At the 2000 census, there were 1,891 people, 673 households and 475 families residing in the village. The population density was 648.9 per square mile (250.9/km). There were 806 housing units at an average density of 276.6 per square mile (106.9/km). The racial makeup was 51.03% White, 1.32% African American, 13.96% Native American, 28.87% from other races, and 4.81% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 52.30% of the population.
There were 673 households, of which 39.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.0% were married couples living together, 15.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.3% were non-families. 24.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.81 and the average family size was 3.33.
32.6% of the population were under the age of 18, 10.7% from 18 to 24, 26.9% from 25 to 44, 19.6% from 45 to 64, and 10.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.6 males.
The median household income was $24,635 and the median family income was $26,776. Males had a median income of $28,594 and females $18,750. The per capita income was $10,463. About 21.9% of families and 28.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 38.6% of those under age 18 and 8.8% of those age 65 or over.
Education
All public schools in the county are operated by Grants/Cibola County Schools. One school, Milan Elementary School, is located in the village. Students continue on to Los Alamitos Middle School and Grants High School. Both are in the city of Grants.
See also
List of municipalities in New Mexico
References
External links
Villages in Cibola County, New Mexico
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125850 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North%20Acomita%20Village%2C%20New%20Mexico | North Acomita Village, New Mexico | North Acomita Village is a census-designated place (CDP) in Cibola County, New Mexico, United States. The population was 303 at the 2010 census.
Geography
North Acomita Village is located in northeastern Cibola County at (35.067768, -107.565233). It occupies the northeastern corner of the Acoma Pueblo land and is situated on the north side of the Rio San Jose and south of Interstate 40. Two I-40 exits (100 and 102) serve the North Acomita area. South Acomita Village is directly to the south, across the Rio San Jose.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , all land.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 288 people, 90 households, and 63 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 103.3 people per square mile (39.9/km2). There were 104 housing units at an average density of 37.3 per square mile (14.4/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 3.47% White, 95.83% Native American, and 0.69% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.12% of the population.
There were 90 households, out of which 32.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.1% were married couples living together, 20.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.0% were non-families. 24.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.20 and the average family size was 3.87.
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 29.5% under the age of 18, 10.1% from 18 to 24, 26.0% from 25 to 44, 24.7% from 45 to 64, and 9.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 76.5 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $24,375, and the median income for a family was $25,000. Males had a median income of $26,250 versus $20,000 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $10,569. About 36.2% of families and 33.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 40.2% of those under the age of eighteen and 50.0% of those 65 or over.
Education
All public schools in the county are operated by Grants/Cibola County Schools.
See also
Acoma Pueblo
Acoma Indian Reservation
References
Acoma Pueblo
Census-designated places in Cibola County, New Mexico
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|
125851 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paguate%2C%20New%20Mexico | Paguate, New Mexico | Paguate is a census-designated place (CDP) in Cibola County, New Mexico, United States. The population was 421 at the 2010 census.
Geography
Paguate is located in northeastern Cibola County at (35.137298, -107.370921), within the lands of Laguna Pueblo. It is bordered to the west by Encinal and to the north by Bibo and Moquino. It is approximately north of the community of Laguna and Interstate 40.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , of which , or 0.20%, is water.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 474 people, 148 households, and 113 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 64.0 people per square mile (24.7/km). There were 183 housing units at an average density of 24.7 per square mile (9.5/km). The racial makeup of the CDP was 1.27% White, 97.68% Native American, and 1.05% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.48% of the population.
There were 148 households, out of which 34.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.2% were married couples living together, 33.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.0% were non-families. 22.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.20 and the average family size was 3.74.
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 29.7% under the age of 18, 10.5% from 18 to 24, 26.2% from 25 to 44, 20.7% from 45 to 64, and 12.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 80.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 78.1 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $22,417, and the median income for a family was $24,519. Males had a median income of $20,313 versus $16,563 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $9,657. About 26.6% of families and 28.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 33.6% of those under age 18 and 37.8% of those age 65 or over.
Education
All public schools in the county are operated by Grants/Cibola County Schools.
References
Laguna Pueblo
Census-designated places in Cibola County, New Mexico
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|
125852 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraje%2C%20New%20Mexico | Paraje, New Mexico | Paraje is a census-designated place (CDP) in Cibola County, New Mexico, United States. As of the 2010 census, the CDP population was 777.
Geography
Paraje is located in northeastern Cibola County at (35.045104, -107.472930), within the lands of Laguna Pueblo. The Paraje CDP includes the community of Casa Blanca. The CDP is bordered to the west by Seama and to the east by Laguna. Old U.S. Route 66 passes through the community, following the valley of the Rio San Jose, an east-flowing tributary of the Rio Puerco. Interstate 40 passes through the southern edge of Paraje, with access from Exit 108, Casa Blanca Road. Grants, the Cibola County seat, is to the west, and Albuquerque is to the east.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the Paraje CDP has a total area of , all land.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 669 people, 194 households, and 163 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 148.6 people per square mile (57.4/km). There were 228 housing units at an average density of 50.6 per square mile (19.6/km). The racial makeup of the CDP was 4.33% White, 0.30% African American, 91.93% Native American, 0.75% from other races, and 2.69% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.33% of the population.
There were 194 households, out of which 39.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.3% were married couples living together, 33.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 15.5% were non-families. 13.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.45 and the average family size was 3.75.
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 35.1% under the age of 18, 11.2% from 18 to 24, 28.0% from 25 to 44, 16.0% from 45 to 64, and 9.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 28 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 77.1 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $25,179, and the median income for a family was $24,375. Males had a median income of $20,536 versus $16,522 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $7,350. About 37.3% of families and 39.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 47.7% of those under age 18 and 32.5% of those age 65 or over.
Education
All public schools in the county are operated by Grants/Cibola County Schools.
References
External links
Laguna Pueblo
Census-designated places in Cibola County, New Mexico
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|
125853 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinehill%2C%20New%20Mexico | Pinehill, New Mexico | Pinehill or Pine Hill is a census-designated place in Cibola County, New Mexico, United States. It is located on the Ramah Navajo Indian Reservation. The population was 88 at the 2010 census. The location of the CDP in 2010 had become the location of the Mountain View CDP as of the 2020 census, while a new CDP named "Pinehill" was listed further south, at a point southeast of Candy Kitchen.
Geography
Pinehill is located in western Cibola County, south of New Mexico State Road 53 and southeast of Gallup. Grants, the Cibola County seat, is to the northeast. In 2010, the Pinehill CDP was to the north, encompassing the area known as Mountain View, the central location for many of the Ramah Navajo government offices.
According to the United States Census Bureau, in 2010 the CDP had a total area of , all land.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 116 people, 36 households, and 29 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 34.5 people per square mile (13.3/km2). There were 47 housing units at an average density of 14.0 per square mile (5.4/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 100.00% Native American.
There were 36 households, out of which 47.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 36.1% were married couples living together, 33.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 19.4% were non-families. 16.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 2.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.22 and the average family size was 3.62.
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 31.0% under the age of 18, 11.2% from 18 to 24, 26.7% from 25 to 44, 19.0% from 45 to 64, and 12.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 81.8 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $55,469, and the median income for a family was $25,469. Males had a median income of $0 versus $26,250 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $11,983. There were 38.5% of families and 29.2% of the population living below the poverty line, including 39.1% of those under 18 and none of those over 64.
Education
Pine Hill is the location of the Pine Hill Schools, a tribal school operated by the Ramah Navajo School Board.
Many children also attend the public schools in Ramah, New Mexico, including Ramah Elementary School and Ramah Middle/High School, operated by the Gallup-McKinley County Schools. The proximity of the nearest schools in Cibola County were so far, away, that Cibola and McKinley counties agreed to have students sent to McKinley County schools. The reservation is physically within Grants/Cibola County Schools; however few children attend them from Pine Hill, since there is no school bus service to these schools from Pine Hill.
History of education
Historically Native students in the reservation attended Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) boarding schools in New Mexico and other states. The BIA opened a Kindergarten through grade 3 day school, Mountain View Day School, on the reservation in 1943. It had an enrollment of 30 students at the start. A dormitory in Ramah Village, which had the nearest school district-operated public schools, opened in 1954, and Mountain View closed.
The Ramah Village public high school closed circa 1968, due to being condemned. At first secondary students were forced to attend distant BIA boarding schools as the dormitory in Ramah now only took elementary students, and the Gallup-McKinley school district did not bus to other public schools. The Navajo Legal System Program (DNA) sued the school district in August 1968 in an attempt to reopen the public school. The courts ruled that the reservation could have busing to the public schools in Zuni Pueblo, New Mexico (including Zuni High School), but the Gallup-McKinley County district chose to not allow its buses to enter Cibolo County, which contained the reservation. Therefore the Ramah Navajo Indian School Board was established in 1970 and established a plan to open a tribal school, which it did in the ex-Ramah School in 1970; the tribal school moved to Pine Hill in 1975. In 1983 the Ramah Village public high school reopened.
In Summer 1994 the Ramah tribal government and the governments of Cibola County and McKinley County agreed to have two bus stops on the Ramah reservation, neither at Pinehill, but after parental outcry, a stop was established across from Pine Hill schools, and it began operation effective in December 1994. In January 1995 the Ramah Navajo chapter and the associated Ramah Navajo School Board, which operates Pine Hill Schools, sued the New Mexico Public Education Department and the Gallup McKinley County Schools arguing that the defendants breached the tribe's sovereignty by allowing the school district to extend school bus services further into the tribal grounds and therefore taking students who would have attended Pine Hill Schools and violating the previous agreement between the tribe and the counties.
Post office
There is a post office in Pine Hill with the ZIP code 87357.
Radio station
The studio of the KTDB radio station, which serves the Ramah Navajo Indian Reservation and surrounding areas is located in Pine Hill.
Health clinic
Pinehill is the location of the Pine Hill Health Clinic.
References
External links
Ramah Navajo Chapter
Ramah Navajo School Board
Census-designated places in Cibola County, New Mexico
Census-designated places in New Mexico
Ramah Navajo Indian Reservation | [
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|
125854 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seama%2C%20New%20Mexico | Seama, New Mexico | Seama is a census-designated place (CDP) in Cibola County, New Mexico, United States. The population was 465 at the 2010 census.
Geography
Seama is located in northeastern Cibola County at (35.040290, -107.524942), along the western edge of the lands of the Laguna Pueblo. It is bordered to the west by North Acomita Village and South Acomita Village within Acoma Pueblo lands, to the north by Cubero, and to the east by Paraje.
Seama is in the valley of the Rio San Jose, an eastward-flowing tributary of the Rio Puerco. Interstate 40 passes through the CDP, with access from Exit 104. It is west to Grants, the Cibola County seat, and east to Albuquerque.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the Seama CDP has a total area of , of which , or 0.08%, is water.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 333 people, 88 households, and 74 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 62.6 people per square mile (24.2/km). There were 104 housing units at an average density of 19.5 per square mile (7.5/km). The racial makeup of the CDP was 0.30% White, 0.30% African American, 98.50% Native American, and 0.90% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.40% of the population.
There were 88 households, out of which 46.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.9% were married couples living together, 30.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 14.8% were non-families. 12.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.78 and the average family size was 4.08.
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 36.6% under the age of 18, 11.1% from 18 to 24, 24.9% from 25 to 44, 17.7% from 45 to 64, and 9.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 27 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 80.3 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $42,917, and the median income for a family was $43,958. Males had a median income of $31,042 versus $14,500 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $8,871. About 14.7% of families and 14.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.1% of those under age 18 and 42.1% of those age 65 or over.
Education
All public schools in the county are operated by Grants/Cibola County Schools.
References
Laguna Pueblo
Census-designated places in Cibola County, New Mexico
Census-designated places in New Mexico | [
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|
125855 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skyline-Ganipa%2C%20New%20Mexico | Skyline-Ganipa, New Mexico | Skyline-Ganipa is a census-designated place (CDP) in Cibola County, New Mexico, United States. The population was 1,224 at the 2010 census.
Geography
Skyline-Ganipa is located in northern Cibola County at (35.037522, -107.623838), within the lands of Acoma Pueblo. It occupies elevated land south of the valley of the Rio San Jose. By road, it is approximately south of Interstate 40; Grants, the county seat, is to the northwest.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , all land.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,035 people, 220 households, and 196 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 168.1 people per square mile (64.9/km). There were 242 housing units at an average density of 39.3 per square mile (15.2/km). The racial makeup of the CDP was 0.77% White, 98.55% Native American, 0.10% from other races, and 0.58% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.16% of the population.
There were 220 households, out of which 45.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.4% were married couples living together, 34.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 10.9% were non-families. 6.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 0.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 4.70 and the average family size was 4.89.
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 37.8% under the age of 18, 14.0% from 18 to 24, 25.9% from 25 to 44, 16.1% from 45 to 64, and 6.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 24 years. For every 100 females, there were 86.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 78.9 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $26,190, and the median income for a family was $27,188. Males had a median income of $20,625 versus $19,732 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $7,553. About 29.2% of families and 32.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 31.8% of those under age 18 and 29.0% of those age 65 or over.
Education
All public schools in the county are operated by Grants/Cibola County Schools.
See also
Acoma Pueblo
Acoma Indian Reservation
References
Acoma Pueblo
Census-designated places in Cibola County, New Mexico
Census-designated places in New Mexico | [
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|
125856 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angel%20Fire%2C%20New%20Mexico | Angel Fire, New Mexico | Angel Fire is a village in Colfax County, New Mexico, United States. The population was 1,216 at the 2010 census. It is a popular ski resort destination, with over of slopes. Angel Fire and nearby communities experience cold winter temperatures and mild temperatures in the summer.
To the north, off U.S. Route 64, is Vietnam Veterans Memorial State Park. Angel Fire is on the Enchanted Circle Scenic Byway.
History
Legend behind the name Angel Fire
It has been said that Angel Fire is "named for the fiery afternoon light splashed on alpine peaks". The legend behind the name is that the Moache Utes used to gather to renew their ancestral ties with the Great Spirit, and during one of these autumnal celebrations, during the 1780s, three young braves returned to camp from a hunting trip and told of a strange glow at the tip of a peak called Agua Fria. The Utes were a little unsettled as they gazed at this mysterious splash of orange and red flickering in the northern sky. Then the awed silence was broken when one of the elders exclaimed, "it is an omen -the fire of the gods- blessing our annual celebration." Thereafter, whenever that rosy glow was seen it was called "fire of the gods". When Franciscan friars were trying to spread their influence, Agua Fria's "fire of the gods" became known as "the place of the fire of the angels". Kit Carson said that he too had seen the angel fire at dawn and at dusk, especially in the fall and winter months. He said it was because of the sunlight hitting the icy frost on the branches of the trees.
Geography
Angel Fire is located in southwestern Colfax County at (36.378808, -105.285658). The village center is in the valley of Cieneguilla Creek, with housing developments climbing mountain slopes to the east and west. Angel Fire Resort, entirely within the village limits, is on the east side of the valley, with a base elevation of and a summit elevation of . Agua Fria Peak, with a summit elevation of , rises to the southeast of the ski area; the summit is near the southeast corner of the village limits.
The village limits extend north as far as U.S. Route 64 at a point south of Eagle Nest. To the west, US 64 climbs over Palo Flechado Pass in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains and leads to Taos. New Mexico State Road 434 connects the center of Angel Fire with US 64 to the north and leads south from the village center to Mora.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village of Angel Fire has a total area of , of which is land and , or 0.14%, is water.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,048 people, 462 households, and 340 families residing in the village. The population density was 36.3 people per square mile (14.0/km2). There were 1,791 housing units at an average density of 61.9 per square mile (23.9/km2). The racial makeup of the village was 90.46% White, 0.19% African American, 1.05% Native American, 0.95% Asian, 4.48% from other races, and 2.86% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 12.12% of the population.
There were 462 households, out of which 24.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.9% were married couples living together, 5.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.2% were non-families. 20.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.27 and the average family size was 2.56.
In the village, the population was spread out, with 19.9% under the age of 18, 3.3% from 18 to 24, 22.7% from 25 to 44, 38.1% from 45 to 64, and 15.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 47 years. For every 100 females, there were 104.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.2 males.
The median income for a household in the village was $48,250, and the median income for a family was $56,125. Males had a median income of $35,417 versus $26,429 for females. The per capita income for the village was $29,614. About 6.7% of families and 11.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.5% of those under age 18 and 2.3% of those age 65 or over.
Climate
Safety
The Angel Fire Fire Department is staffed daily from 7:30AM to 6:00PM, though those who are on staff are on call 24/7. There are three stations, Station One on North Angel Fire Road and Highway 434, Station Two on Highway 434 and El Vado Way, and Station Three on Highway 434 and Flamingo Road. Station One is manned with an engine, ambulance, and type six rescue truck. Station Two has a ladder truck (quint), a type three wild land truck, and an ambulance. Station Three has an ambulance, water tender, and two type six wild land trucks. All three ambulances are ALS capable and transport ready.
Transportation
Angel Fire is served by the Angel Fire Airport (AXX). Its runways, numbered 17 and 35, have paved lengths of and are jet capable. The airport is managed and maintained by Ross Aviation/Pearce Enterprises and can accommodate corporate and private aircraft. UNICOM is 122.8. By elevation, Angel Fire Airport is the fifth highest in the United States. The airport briefly saw scheduled airline service during the winter of 1986/1987 by Mesa Airlines with a single flight to Albuquerque using a 19-seat Beechcraft 1900 aircraft.
Events
Every summer, the Village of Angel Fire hosts Music from Angel Fire, which has been presenting chamber music concerts to local communities since 1984. Angel Fire venues include the United Church of Angel Fire, Angel Fire Baptist Church and Angel Fire Community Center.
Every summer, the Village of Angel Fire hosts Angel Fire Fest, which has been presenting chamber music concerts to local communities since 2021. It has a vibe described as "chill" and a fun atmosphere.
See also
Angel Fire Resort
References
External links
Village of Angel Fire official website
Angel Fire Convention & Visitors Bureau
Enchanted Circle Scenic Byway
Angel Fire Chamber of Commerce
Villages in Colfax County, New Mexico
Villages in New Mexico
Populated places established in 1986 | [
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|
125857 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cimarron%2C%20New%20Mexico | Cimarron, New Mexico | Cimarron is a village in Colfax County, New Mexico, United States, which sits on the eastern slopes of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains. The population was 1,021 at the 2010 census, making it the fourth most populous municipality in Colfax County.
Cimarron sits on the Cimarron River, a tributary of the 900 mile-long Canadian River, whose headwaters are at the Eagle Nest Dam, with the main part of town lying along U.S. Route 64. The village is surrounded on all sides by numerous ranches, including Philmont Scout Ranch, an extensive "high-adventure base" operated by the Boy Scouts of America. Philmont is located just four miles south of Cimarron. Other ranches also include the Chase Ranch (famous for its heart-shaped brand and allegedly the Marlboro Man's place of origin), Ted Turner's Vermejo Park Ranch, the CS Ranch, the Express UU Bar Ranch (formerly the property of Waite Phillips), and the Clearview Ranch of the western singer/songwriter R.W. Hampton, as well as numerous other small ranches. The Elliott Barker State Wildlife Area, the Valle Vidal unit of the Carson National Forest, and Cimarron Canyon State Park., are also located within the Cimarron area. 17 miles and 28 miles to the northeast is Dawson, New Mexico, a ghost town with a population of over 9,000 near the early 20th century, and the Raton Municipal Airport, respectively.
The village is a pioneer of the four-day school week (MondayThursday), which it originally implemented in the early 1970s, during a time of rising fuel and utility prices. Cimarron is home to the 1979 New Mexico High School Boys Basketball State Championship team.
History
In 1842, Lucien B. Maxwell, a fur trapper, came to the Beaubien-Miranda Ranch in northern New Mexico and courted and married Luz Beaubien, one of the owner's six daughters. He eventually inherited the ranch and built a huge mansion in 1858 on the future town site.
Maxwell built the Aztec Mill in 1864. It is preserved as the Old Mill Museum, operated by the Cimarron Historical Society. The museum's collection includes working mill parts; Native American tools, weapons and pottery; Maxwell Land Grant paperwork and documents; and other materials.
Cimarron was officially chartered in 1859 and was named for the Spanish word used to describe a mustang, meaning "wild" or "unbroken". Cimarron was the county seat of Colfax County beginning in 1872, when it replaced Elizabethtown. At that time, Cimarron was a stage stop on the Mountain Branch of the Santa Fe Trail. In 1881, the county seat was moved to Springer, a town on the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway. It was during this time that Lucien Maxwell, due to rising tensions, sold the Maxwell Land Grant to a group of investors, with the resultant Colfax County War in which more than two hundred people were killed.
In 1905, the St. Louis, Rocky Mountain, and Pacific Railway Co. laid tracks from Raton to Ute Park, with the intent to haul coal between Raton and Cimarron. Passengers used the daily train service, as well as ranchers who moved agricultural animals. During World War II, the tracks were removed, with the steel to be recycled to help with the shortage during the war effort.
Soon after the tracks were laid through town, tracks were also laid 22 miles up Ponil Canyon by the Cimarron and Northwestern Railway Company, to haul timber from the surrounding mountains, which were loaded with douglas fir and ponderosa pine. The railroad company delivered its timber to the Continental Tie and Lumber Company, located in Cimarron, NM, who made railroad ties and timber supports for nearby coal mines.
Cimarron continues to thrive, in part due to its proximity to Philmont Scout Ranch, as well as summer tourism.
As a tribute to many dedicated crew members, the USS Cimarron's key artifacts were donated to Cimarron, since it is the closest village to the Cimarron River Basin's Headwaters. The ship's bell now stands in front of the village's high school, Cimarron High School.
Geography
Cimarron is located in west-central Colfax County at (36.509467, -104.915496), on the north bank of the Cimarron River, where it emerges from the Cimarron Range of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains. U.S. Route 64 passes through the village, leading west up the Cimarron Canyon to Eagle Nest and northeast to Raton, the Colfax County seat. New Mexico State Road 58 leads east from Cimarron to Interstate 25, north of Springer.
West of Cimarron is the Palisades Sill, with high cliffs surrounding a modest flow of the Cimarron River.
Climate
Cimarron has a borderline cool semi-arid climate (Köppen BSk) closely bordering on a subtropical highland climate, with summers featuring cool nights and warm days with frequent thunderstorms, and cold winters with occasional heavy snowfall. The lowest temperature recorded in the town was .
Demographics
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village of Cimarron has a total area of , all land.
As of the census of 2010, there were 1021 people, 382 households, and 255 families residing in the village. The population density was 479.5 people per square mile (185.4/km2). There were 449 housing units at an average density of 234.8 per square mile (90.8/km2). The racial makeup of the village was 77.54% White, 0.11% African American, 1.09% Native American, 0.11% Asian, 17.23% from other races, and 3.93% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 58.89% of the population.
There were 382 households, out of which 34.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.2% were married couples living together, 8.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.0% were non-families. 29.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.40 and the average family size was 2.89.
In the village, the population was spread out, with 27.0% under the age of 18, 7.6% from 18 to 24, 25.1% from 25 to 44, 24.1% from 45 to 64, and 16.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 106.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.7 males.
The median income for a household in the village was $27,875, and the median income for a family was $30,677. Males had a median income of $26,125 versus $19,792 for females. The per capita income for the village was $14,248. About 9.1% of families and 12.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.1% of those under age 18 and 8.6% of those age 65 or over.
Tourism
Philmont Scout Ranch
Old Mill Museum
Cimarron Historic District and Old Town
St. James Hotel
U.S. Route 64 Median Self History Tour
NRA Whittington Center
Dawson Cemetery
Cimarron Canyon State Park
Casa del Gavilan Historic Inn
See also
Cimarron Historic District
Ernest Thompson Seton, story-teller
St. James Hotel (Cimarron, New Mexico)
Villa Philmonte, built in 1926 by oil magnate Waite Phillips
Casa del Gavilan Historic Inn (Cimarron, New Mexico)
Ute Park Fire
References
External links
Village of Cimarron official website
Cimarron Chamber of Commerce
Cimarron visitors information
Cimarron High School's Weather-Webcam
Villages in Colfax County, New Mexico
Villages in New Mexico
Philmont Scout Ranch
American frontier
Santa Fe Trail | [
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125858 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eagle%20Nest%2C%20New%20Mexico | Eagle Nest, New Mexico | Eagle Nest is a village in Colfax County, New Mexico. The population was 290 at the time of the 2010 census. Located along the Enchanted Circle Scenic Byway, Eagle Nest is a small summer-home and resort destination. Originally named Therma, the village was renamed Eagle Nest in the 1930s. The town is located in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains (a sub-range of the Rocky Mountains) in northern New Mexico near the Colorado border.
Geography
Eagle Nest is located in western Colfax County at (36.552109, -105.261336), in the Moreno Valley, between the Cimarron Range to the east and the main mass of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains to the west. The village is at the north end of Eagle Nest Lake, a reservoir on the Cimarron River.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of , of which is land and , or 16.76%, is water.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 306 people, 141 households, and 90 families residing in the village. The population density was 71.0 people per square mile (27.4/km2). There were 333 housing units at an average density of 77.3 per square mile (29.8/km2). The racial makeup of the village was 84.97% White, 0.33% African American, 3.27% Native American, 6.21% from other races, and 5.23% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 12.75% of the population.
There were 141 households, out of which 27.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.4% were married couples living together, 8.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.5% were non-families. 31.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 3.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.17 and the average family size was 2.65.
In the village, the population was spread out, with 22.5% under the age of 18, 6.5% from 18 to 24, 23.2% from 25 to 44, 41.2% from 45 to 64, and 6.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.6 males.
The median income for a household in the village was $36,477, and the median income for a family was $38,750. Males had a median income of $22,292 versus $18,333 for females. The per capita income for the village was $17,974. About 18.4% of families and 22.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 35.5% of those under the age of eighteen and 20.8% of those 65 or over.
Eagle Nest Lake
Eagle Nest Lake State Park is New Mexico's newest state park, and a popular camping, fishing and sightseeing attraction. A new visitor center was scheduled opened in 2010. The main game fish caught in the lake are kokanee salmon and rainbow trout.
Climate
Eagle Nest has a humid continental climate (Köppen Dfb), bordering on a subalpine climate (Dfc), with very large day-night temperature variations, very warm afternoons and chilly mornings in summer, and extremely cold mornings in winter. On average, 250 mornings have minima below and 40.3 mornings fall below , though maxima top freezing on all but 25.5 afternoons. Eagle Nest holds numerous low temperature records for New Mexico, including the coldest temperatures ever recorded in the state during January, March, April, May, July, and November.
Snowfall is fairly heavy, averaging and reaching between July 1934 and June 1935, but the abundant sunshine and relatively low latitude limit cover even in mid-winter to .
References
External links
Village of Eagle Nest Chamber of Commerce official website
Villages in Colfax County, New Mexico
Villages in New Mexico | [
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|
125859 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwell%2C%20New%20Mexico | Maxwell, New Mexico | Maxwell is a village in Colfax County, New Mexico, United States. The population was 254 at the 2010 census, down from 274 in 2000. Maxwell was established in 1879 as a railroad town on the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway. It was named in honor of Lucien Maxwell, who provided the land for the original townsite from his Maxwell Land Grant.
Geography
Maxwell is located near the center of Colfax County at (36.539487, -104.542630), in the valley of the Canadian River. Interstate 25 passes through the east side of the village, with access from Exit 426. I-25 leads north to Raton, the Colfax County seat, and southwest to Las Vegas.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of , all land.
The United States Fish and Wildlife Service manages the Maxwell National Wildlife Refuge, located northwest of the village. The refuge offers excellent birding opportunities during the spring and fall migrations. It consists of several lakes, fields and woodlots managed for birds and the areas other wildlife.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 274 people, 117 households, and 76 families residing in the village. The population density was 577.5 people per square mile (225.1/km2). There were 148 housing units at an average density of 311.9 per square mile (121.6/km2). The racial makeup of the village was 86.50% White, 4.01% Native American, 7.30% from other races, and 2.19% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 55.47% of the population.
There were 117 households, out of which 29.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.3% were married couples living together, 11.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.2% were non-families. 29.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.34 and the average family size was 2.91.
In the village, the population was spread out, with 25.2% under the age of 18, 6.9% from 18 to 24, 24.5% from 25 to 44, 23.7% from 45 to 64, and 19.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.4 males.
The median income for a household in the village was $23,750, and the median income for a family was $28,750. Males had a median income of $22,083 versus $20,625 for females. The per capita income for the village was $11,231. About 22.0% of families and 21.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24.6% of those under the age of eighteen and 8.0% of those 65 or over.
1964 tornado
On May 29, 1964, an F3 tornado struck Maxwell and claimed one life, causing eight injuries. A total of 50 homes were destroyed. It was one of only four F3 tornadoes in New Mexico history.
References
Villages in Colfax County, New Mexico
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|
125860 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raton%2C%20New%20Mexico | Raton, New Mexico | Raton ( ) is a city and the county seat of Colfax County in northeastern New Mexico. The city is located just south of Raton Pass. The city is also located about 6.5 miles south of the New Mexico–Colorado border and 85 miles west of Texas.
History
Ratón is the Spanish word for mouse.
Raton Pass had been used by Spanish explorers and Native Americans for centuries to cut through the rugged Rocky Mountains, and the mountain branch of the Santa Fe Trail cuts through the city, along what is now Business I-25.
The post office at this location was named Willow Springs from 1877 to 1879, Otero from 1879 to 1880, then renamed Raton in 1880.
Raton was founded at the site of Willow Springs, a stop on the Santa Fe Trail. The original for the Raton townsite were purchased from the Maxwell Land Grant in 1880. In 1879, the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway bought a local toll road and established a busy rail line. Raton quickly developed as a railroad, mining, and ranching center for the northeast part of the New Mexico territory, as well as the county seat and principal trading center of the area.
The city is mentioned in Jack Kerouac's novel On the Road.
Geography
Raton is located at (36.897082, -104.439912). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all land. The Raton Range and Raton Peak are located immediately north of the town. The Raton Range is a ridge that extends east from the Sangre de Cristo Mountains. Raton Pass and the Raton Basin are also named for the Raton Range.
Geology
Raton is one of the famous sites for viewing the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary, also known as the K-Pg or K-T boundary, or the iridium layer. A well-preserved sequence of rocks spans the K-T boundary in Climax Canyon Park, a Raton city park to the west of town. Geographic Coordinates:
The rocks have been studied for evidence of the iridium anomaly cited as evidence of a large meteorite impact at the end of the Cretaceous. It is interpreted to have caused the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, which killed off nonavian dinosaurs and many other species of flora and fauna 66 million years ago. The K-T boundary is represented in the rock strata by a 1-cm-thick tonstein clay layer which has been found to contain anomalously high concentrations of iridium.
Climate
Demographics
As of the United States Census of 2000, 7,282 people, 3,035 households, and 1,981 families were residing in the city. The population density was 992.4 people per square mile (383.1/km). The 3,472 housing units averaged of 473.2 per square mile (182.6/km). The racial makeup of the city was 78.04% White, 0.23% African American, 1.59% Native American, 0.40% Asian, 16.20% from other races, and 3.53% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 56.96% of the population.
Of the 3,035 households, 30.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.0% were married couples living together, 12.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.7% were not families. About 30.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.35, and the average family size was 2.92.
In the city, the population was distributed as 25.1% under the age of 18, 7.8% from 18 to 24, 24.9% from 25 to 44, 23.9% from 45 to 64, and 18.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.1 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $27,028, and for a family was $31,762. Males had a median income of $24,946 versus $18,433 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,223. About 14.8% of families and 17.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 25.2% of those under age 18 and 10.4% of those age 65 or over.
In the United States Census of 2010, the population of Raton had dropped to 6,885, and was estimated to have dropped to 6,066 by July 1, 2018.
In the United States Census of 2020, the population of Raton had dropped to 6,041.
Transportation
Roads
I-25
US 64
US 87
Rail
Raton Amtrak Station is a stop on the Southwest Chief route.
Air
Raton Municipal Airport
Recreation
Sugarite Canyon State Park is located northeast of Raton at an elevation of . Activities there include camping, fishing, and hiking.
The NRA Whittington Center is located southwest of Raton. It is the largest National Rifle Association shooting range in the US. It hosts national competitions; high-powered rifle and skeet shooting are available.
Run to Raton, a motorcycle rally that includes camp-outs, vendors, free music, and a pin-up contest, takes place every July.
Raton was the site of New Mexico's first horse racetrack, La Mesa Park, which closed in 1992.
Raton is home to the International Balloon Rally, a hot-air balloon gathering, held on the Fourth of July weekend.
Notable people
Tom W. Blackburn, writer who also wrote the lyrics to "The Ballad of Davy Crockett"
Edwin Fullinwider, Olympic fencer
Noel Mazzone, offensive coordinator for the University of Arizona football team
Paul L. Modrich received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2015
John Morrow, United States Representative from New Mexico
John R. Sinnock, United States Mint engraver known for work on the FDR dime
Petro Vlahos, three-time Academy Award-winning Hollywood special-effects pioneer
Robert W. Warren, attorney general of Wisconsin
Bennie L. Woolley, Jr., racehorse trainer who won the 2009 Kentucky Derby
Notable group
The Fireballs, rock and roll group known for "Sugar Shack" and "Bottle of Wine".
See also
Folsom Falls
National Old Trails Road
Raton Downtown Historic District
References
Further reading
External links
Raton Municipal Airport
Raton Chamber & Economic Development Council
Cities in Colfax County, New Mexico
Cities in New Mexico
County seats in New Mexico | [
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125861 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diana%20Mitford | Diana Mitford | Diana Mitford, Lady Mosley (née Freeman-Mitford; 17 June 191011 August 2003) was one of the Mitford sisters. She was first married to Bryan Walter Guinness, heir to the barony of Moyne, and with whom she was part of the Bright Young Things social group of Bohemian young aristocrats and socialites in 1920s London. Her marriage ended in divorce as she was pursuing a relationship with Sir Oswald Mosley, 6th Baronet of Ancoats, leader of the British Union of Fascists. She married Mosley at the home of Joseph Goebbels in 1936, with Adolf Hitler as guest of honour.
Her involvement with Fascist political causes resulted in three years' internment during the Second World War. She later moved to Paris and enjoyed some success as a writer. In the 1950s, she contributed diaries to Tatler and edited the magazine The European. In 1977, she published her autobiography, A Life of Contrasts, and two more biographies in the 1980s.
Her appearance on the BBC's Desert Island Discs in 1989 was controversial. She was also a regular book reviewer for Books & Bookmen and later at The Evening Standard in the 1990s. A family friend, James Lees-Milne, wrote of her beauty, "She was the nearest thing to Botticelli's Venus that I have ever seen". She was described as "unrepentant" about her previous political associations by obituary writers such as the historian Andrew Roberts.
Early life
Diana Mitford was the fourth child and third daughter of David Freeman-Mitford, 2nd Baron Redesdale (1878–1958, son of Algernon Freeman-Mitford, 1st Baron Redesdale), and his wife, Sydney (1880–1963), daughter of Thomas Gibson Bowles, MP. She was a first cousin of Clementine Churchill, second cousin of Sir Angus Ogilvy, and first cousin, twice removed, of Bertrand Russell. Mitford was born in Belgravia and raised in the country estate of Batsford Park, then from the age of 10 at the family home, Asthall Manor, in Oxfordshire, and later at Swinbrook House, a home her father had built in the village of Swinbrook.
She was educated at home by a series of governesses, except for a six-month period in 1926 when she was sent to a day school in Paris. In childhood, her younger sisters Jessica Mitford ("Decca") and Deborah Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire ("Debo"), were particularly devoted to her. At the age of 18, shortly after her presentation at Court, she became secretly engaged to Bryan Walter Guinness.
Marriages
Guinness, an Irish aristocrat, writer and brewing heir, would inherit the barony of Moyne. Diana's parents were initially opposed to the engagement but in time were persuaded; Sydney was particularly uneasy at the thought of two such young people having possession of such a large fortune, but she was eventually convinced Bryan was a suitable husband. They married on 30 January 1929; her sisters Jessica and Deborah were too ill to attend the ceremony. The couple had an income of £20,000 a year, an estate at Biddesden in Wiltshire, and houses in London and Dublin. They were well known for hosting aristocratic society events involving the Bright Young People. The writer Evelyn Waugh exclaimed that her beauty "ran through the room like a peal of bells", and he dedicated the novel Vile Bodies, a satire of the Roaring Twenties, to the couple. Her portrait was painted by Augustus John, Pavel Tchelitchew and Henry Lamb. The couple had two sons, Jonathan (b. 1930) and Desmond (1931–2020).
In February 1932, Diana met Sir Oswald Mosley at a garden party at the home of the society hostess Emerald Cunard. He soon became leader of the newly formed British Union of Fascists and Diana became his lover; Mosley was at the time married to Lady Cynthia Mosley, a daughter of Lord Curzon, a former Viceroy of India, and his first wife, the American mercantile heiress Mary Victoria Leiter. Diana left her husband, 'moving with a skeleton staff of nanny, cook, house-parlourmaid and lady's maid to a house at 2 Eaton Square, round the corner from Mosley's flat', but Sir Oswald would not leave his wife. Quite suddenly, Cynthia died in 1933 of peritonitis. Mosley was devastated by the death of his wife, but later started an affair with her younger sister, Lady Alexandra Metcalfe.
Diana's parents did not approve of her decision to leave Guinness for Mosley and she was briefly estranged from most of her family. Her affair and eventual marriage to Mosley also strained relationships with her sisters. Initially, Jessica and Deborah were not permitted to see Diana as she was "living in sin" with Mosley in London. Deborah eventually got to know Mosley and ended up liking him very much. Jessica despised Mosley's beliefs and became permanently estranged from Diana after the late 1930s. Pam and her husband Derek Jackson got along well with Mosley. Nancy never liked Mosley and, like Jessica, despised his political beliefs, but was able to learn to tolerate him for the sake of her relationship with Diana. Nancy wrote the novel Wigs on the Green, which satirised Mosley and his beliefs. After it was published in 1935 relations between the sisters became strained to non-existent and it was not until the mid-1940s that they were able to get back to being close again.
The couple rented Wootton Lodge, a country house in Staffordshire which Diana had intended to buy. She furnished much of her new home with much of the Swinbrook furniture that her father was selling. The Mosleys lived at Wootton Lodge along with their children from 1936 to 1939.
Third Reich
In 1934, Diana went to Germany with her then 19-year-old sister Unity. While there, they attended the first Nuremberg rally after the Nazi rise to power. A friend of Hitler's, Unity introduced Diana to him in March 1935. They returned for the second rally later that year and were entertained as his guests at the 1935 rally. In 1936, he provided a Mercedes-Benz to chauffeur Diana to the Berlin Olympic games. She became well acquainted with Winifred Wagner and Magda Goebbels.
Diana and Oswald wed in secret on 6 October 1936 in Nazi propaganda chief Joseph Goebbels' drawing room. Adolf Hitler, Robert Gordon-Canning and Bill Allen were in attendance. The marriage was kept secret until the birth of their first child in 1938. In August 1939, Hitler told Diana over lunch that war was inevitable.
Mosley and Diana had two sons: (Oswald) Alexander Mosley (born 26 November 1938) and Max Rufus Mosley (13 April 1940 – 23 May 2021), president of the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) for 16 years. Hitler presented the couple with a silver framed picture of himself. The Mosleys were interned during much of World War II, under Defence Regulation 18B along with other British fascists including Norah Elam.
MI5 documents released in 2002 described Lady Mosley and her political leanings. "Diana Mosley, wife of Sir Oswald Mosley, is reported on the 'best authority', that of her family and intimate circle, to be a public danger at the present time. Is said to be far cleverer and more dangerous than her husband and will stick at nothing to achieve her ambitions. She is wildly ambitious." On 29 June 1940, eleven weeks after the birth of her fourth son, Max, Diana was arrested (hastily stuffing Hitler's photograph under Max's cot mattress when the police came to arrest her) and taken to a cell in F Block in London's Holloway Prison for women. She and her husband were held without charge or trial under the provisions of 18B, on the advice of MI5. The pair were initially held separately but, after personal intervention by Churchill, in December 1941, Mosley and two other 18B husbands (one of them Mosley's friend Captain H.W. Luttman-Johnson) were permitted to join their wives at Holloway. After more than three years' imprisonment, they were both released in November 1943 on the grounds of Mosley's ill health; they were placed under house arrest until the end of the war and were denied passports until 1949.
Lady Mosley's prison time failed to disturb her approach to life; she remarked in her later years that she felt better treated than earlier prisoners.
According to her obituary in The Daily Telegraph, a diamond swastika was among her jewels.
Post-war
After the war ended, the couple kept homes in Ireland, with apartments in London and Paris. Their recently renovated Clonfert home, a former Bishop's palace, burned down in an accidental fire. In her memoirs Diana blamed her cook, writing that the fire could have been extinguished had it not been for the cook who ran back to her room to retrieve her possessions and in doing so delayed efforts to control the fire. Following this, they moved to a home near Fermoy, County Cork, later settling permanently in France, at the Temple de la Gloire, a Palladian temple in Orsay, southwest of Paris, in 1950 (built in 1801 to honour the French victory of December 1800 at Hohenlinden, near Munich). Gaston and Bettina Bergery had told the Mosleys that the property was on the market. They were neighbours of the Duke and Duchess of Windsor, who lived in the neighbouring town Gif-sur-Yvette, and soon became close friends with them.
Once again they were well known for entertaining, but were barred from all functions at the British Embassy. During their time in France, the Mosleys quietly went through another marriage ceremony; Hitler had safeguarded their original marriage licence, and it was never found after the war. During this period, Mosley was unfaithful to Diana, but she found for the most part that she was able to learn to keep herself from getting too upset regarding his adulterous habits. She told an interviewer, "I think if you're going to mind infidelity, you better call it a day as far as marriage goes. Because who has ever remained faithful? I mean, they don't. There's passion and that's it." Diana was also a lifelong supporter of the British Union of Fascists (BUF), and its postwar successor the Union Movement.
At times, she was vague when discussing her loyalties to Britain, her strong belief in fascism, and her attitude to Jews. In her 1977 autobiography A Life of Contrasts, she wrote, "I didn't love Hitler any more than I did Winston [Churchill]. I can't regret it, it was so interesting." In her final interviews with Duncan Fallowell in 2002, she responded that her reaction to the newsreels of death camps was "Well, of course, horror. Utter horror. Exactly the same probably as your reactions." However, when asked about having revulsion against Hitler for this, she said that "I had a complete revulsion against the people who did it but I could never efface from my memory the man I had actually experienced before the war. A very complicated feeling. I can't really relate those two things to each other. I know I'm not supposed to say that but I just have to." At other times, however, she behaved so as to suggest intense anti-semitic attitudes; the journalist Paul Callan remembered mentioning that he was Jewish while interviewing her husband in Diana's presence. According to Callan, "I mentioned, just in the course of conversation, that I was Jewish—at which Lady Mosley went ashen, snapped a crimson nail and left the room ... No explanation was given but she would later write to a friend: 'A nice, polite reporter came to interview Tom [as Mosley was known] but he turned out to be Jewish and was sitting there at our table. They are a very clever race and come in all shapes and sizes.'" Diana offered to entertain her teenage half-Jewish nephew, Benjamin Treuhaft on a trip to France. The offer was refused by Benjamin's mother, Jessica, who remained estranged from Diana over the latter's political past. In a 2000 interview with The Guardian, Diana said that "Maybe instead they [European Jews] could have gone somewhere like Uganda: very empty and a lovely climate."
Furthermore, when in 1989 she was invited to appear on the BBC Radio 4 programme Desert Island Discs with Sue Lawley, she caused controversy by saying she had not believed in the fact of the extermination of Jews by Hitler until "years" after the war, and, when asked if she now believed it, by replying that she could not believe it was six million, a figure she described as "not conceivable," adding that "whether it's six or one really makes no difference morally, it's equally wrong; I think it was a dreadfully wicked thing." Its broadcast had to be rescheduled several times because it kept coinciding with the Jewish holidays. In 2016, a writer at the BBC described it as the most controversial of all Desert Island Discs episodes. Her choices of music to be played on Desert Island Discs were: Symphony No. 41 (Mozart), "Casta Diva" from Norma (Bellini), "Ode to Joy" (Beethoven), Die Walküre (Wagner), Liebestod (Wagner), "L'amour est un oiseau rebelle" from Carmen (Bizet), "A Whiter Shade of Pale" (Procol Harum) and Polonaise in F-sharp minor (Chopin).
Since their early twenties, Diana and her sister, Jessica only saw each other once, when they met for half an hour as their elder sister, Nancy, lay dying in Versailles. Diana was asked about her sister in 1996; "I quite honestly don't mind what Decca [Jessica] says or thinks," adding that "She means absolutely nothing to me at all. Not because she's a Communist but simply because she's a rather boring person, really."
In 1998, due to her advancing age, she moved out of the Temple de la Gloire and into an apartment in the 7th arrondissement of Paris. Temple de la Gloire was sold in 2000 for £1 million. Throughout much of her life, particularly after her years in prison, she was afflicted by regular bouts of migraines. In 1981, she underwent successful surgery to remove a brain tumour. She convalesced at Chatsworth House, the residence of her sister Deborah. In the early 1990s, she was also successfully treated for skin cancer. In later life, she also suffered from deafness.
Mitford attended the funeral of René de Chambrun, the son-in-law of Vichy France Prime Minister Pierre Laval, in 2002.
Writer
Mosley was shunned in the British media for a period after the war and the couple established their own publishing company, Euphorion Books, named after a character in Goethe's Faust. This allowed Mosley to publish and Diana was free to commission a cultural list. After his release from jail, Mosley declared the death of fascism. Diana initially translated Goethe's Faust. Other notable books published by Euphorion under her aegis included La Princesse de Clèves (translated by Nancy, 1950), Niki Lauda's memoirs (1985), and Hans-Ulrich Rudel's memoirs, Stuka Pilot. She also edited several of her husband's books.
While in France, Diana edited the fascist cultural magazine The European for six years, and to this magazine she herself sometimes contributed material. She provided articles, book reviews, and regular diary entries. Many of her contributions were republished in 2008 in The Pursuit of Laughter. In 1965, she was commissioned to write the regular column Letters from Paris for Tatler. She specialised in reviewing autobiographical and biographical accounts as well as the occasional novel. Characteristically she would provide commentary of her own experiences with and knowledge of the subject of the book she was reviewing. She wrote regularly for Books and Bookmen and her 1980 review of a biography on Magda Goebbels attracted the attention of Christopher Hitchens. Hitchens objected to a passage where Diana wrote: "Everyone knows the tragic end. As the Russians surrounded Berlin, the Goebbels painlessly killed their children and then themselves. The dead children were described by people who saw them as looking 'peacefully asleep'. Those who condemn this appalling, Masada-like deed must consider the alternative facing the distraught Magda." Hitchens insisted that the New Statesman issue an editorial condemning the Masada trope. In her eighties she had become the lead reviewer for the London Evening Standard during A. N. Wilson's seven-year tenure as literary editor. In 1996, following Wilson's departure, his successor was asked by the new editor of the newspaper, Max Hastings to stop running Diana's reviews. Hastings is alleged to have said that he did not want any more "bloody Lady Hitler" in the newspaper.
She wrote the foreword and introduction of Nancy Mitford: A Memoir by Harold Acton. She produced her own two books of memoirs: A Life of Contrasts (1977, Hamish Hamilton), and Loved Ones (1985). The latter is a collection of pen portraits of close relatives and friends such as the writer Evelyn Waugh among others. In 1980, she released The Duchess of Windsor, a biography.
In 2007, letters between the Mitford sisters, including ones to and from Diana, were published in the compilation The Mitfords: Letters Between Six Sisters, edited by Charlotte Mosley. The Sunday Times journalist India Knight was sympathetic towards Diana in her review of the book, describing her as "briefly sinister but also clever, kind, and fatally loyal to her Blackshirt husband, Oswald Mosley." A following collection consisting of her letters, articles, diaries and reviews was released as The Pursuit of Laughter in December 2008.
Death
Diana died in Paris in August 2003, aged 93. Her cause of death was given as complications related to a stroke she had suffered a week earlier, but reports later surfaced that she had been one of the many elderly fatalities of the heat wave of 2003 in mostly non-air-conditioned Paris. She was buried at St Mary's Churchyard, Swinbrook, Oxfordshire, alongside her sisters.
She was survived by her four sons: Desmond Guinness; Jonathan Guinness, 3rd Baron Moyne; Alexander and Max Mosley. Her stepson Nicholas Mosley was a novelist who also wrote a critical memoir of his father for which Diana reportedly never forgave him, despite their previously close relationship. A great-granddaughter, Jasmine Guinness, a great-niece, Stella Tennant, a granddaughter, Daphne Guinness, and a grandson, Tom Guinness, are models.
"I'm sure he [Hitler] was to blame for the extermination of the Jews," she told British journalist Andrew Roberts. "He was to blame for everything, and I say that as someone who approved of him." Roberts criticised Lady Mosley following her death on the pages of The Daily Telegraph (16 August 2003), declaring that she was an "unrepentant Nazi and effortlessly charming." He, in turn, was assailed three days later, in the same newspaper, by her son and granddaughter. A. N. Wilson wrote for the same newspaper and said that her public loyalty for Mosley and Hitler were disastrous mistakes. Wilson claimed that privately, Diana admitted that the Nazis were "really rather awful".
Portrayals
She was portrayed by Emma Davies in the 1997 Channel Four TV miniseries, Mosley.
Mitford inspired the protagonist of the 2018 novel After the Party by Cressida Connolly.
Bibliography
A Life of Contrasts (1977)
Loved Ones (1985)
The Duchess of Windsor (1980)
The Pursuit of Laughter (2008)
Provided introduction and foreword to Nancy Mitford: A Memoir by Harold Acton (1975)
Collection of letters between the six Mitford sisters: The Mitfords: Letters Between Six Sisters (2007)
Sources
(French edition)
References
External links
Diana Mosley: The MI5 View - new files released from the National Archives shed new light on M15 surveillance of Mosley.
The Official Nancy Mitford Website
1910 births
2003 deaths
Antisemitism in the United Kingdom
English fascists
English expatriates in France
Daughters of barons
English biographers
English diarists
English memoirists
English non-fiction writers
English publishers (people)
English women writers
People detained under Defence Regulation 18B
People from Belgravia
English magazine editors
Diana
Guinness family
English socialites
British Union of Fascists politicians
Mosley family
Union Movement politicians
Women diarists
Wives of baronets
Women magazine editors
20th-century English businesspeople
20th-century diarists | [
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|
125862 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springer%2C%20New%20Mexico | Springer, New Mexico | Springer is a town in Colfax County, New Mexico, United States. Its population was 1,047 at the 2010 census.
History
Springer was the county seat of Colfax County from 1882—1897. Springer was part of the Lucien B. Maxwell land grant. It is near the Cimarron Cutoff of the Santa Fe Trail. There was a range war in Springer in 1881, when Maxwell sold his land grant to a group of investors.
The former Colfax County Courthouse in Springer is now a visitor center and museum. It was built for $9,800 in the early 1880s. It has had multiple uses over the years, including the site of the Raton Reform School for Boys (1910–1917). It has also been a library, the Springer town hall, and a jail. Outside the courthouse museum is a tall monument to the Ten Commandments. There is also a marker honoring Lance Corporal Chad Robert Hildebrandt (October 12, 1983—October 17, 2005), the first casualty in the Iraq War from Springer.
The Springer Correctional Center, operated by the New Mexico Corrections Department, is located northwest of Springer. The correctional center is one of New Mexico's oldest detention facilities, having begun operation in 1909 as the New Mexico Boys' School.
Geography
Springer is located in southern Colfax County at (36.363976, -104.593491). It is in the valley of the Cimarron River, west of where that river flows into the Canadian River.
Interstate 25 passes along the west side of the town, with access from exits 412 and 414. I-25 leads north to Raton, the county seat, and southwest to Las Vegas. The western terminus of U.S. Routes 56 and 412 is in the center of Springer. The two routes together lead east to Clayton.
According to the United States Census Bureau, Springer has a total area of , all land.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,285 people, 520 households, and 372 families residing in the town. The population density was 876.6 people per square mile (337.5/km). There were 605 housing units at an average density of 412.7 per square mile (158.9/km). The racial makeup of the town was 79.46% White, 1.09% Native American, 14.94% from other races, and 4.51% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 69.96% of the population.
There were 520 households, out of which 33.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.2% were married couples living together, 14.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.3% were non-families. 26.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.41 and the average family size was 2.86.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 25.9% under the age of 18, 5.2% from 18 to 24, 25.1% from 25 to 44, 22.3% from 45 to 64, and 21.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.7 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $27,850, and the median income for a family was $34,563. Males had a median income of $24,479 versus $19,000 for females. The per capita income for the town was $14,606. About 14.9% of families and 16.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 28.0% of those under age 18 and 8.9% of those age 65 or over.
Notable people
Fred Graham - athlete and actor
Ernest Medina - former captain of infantry in the United States Army
Antonio M. Fernandez - member of the U.S. House of Representatives, 1943 - 1956
References
External links
Springer Municipal Schools
Springer Economic Development
Towns in Colfax County, New Mexico
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125864 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clovis%2C%20New%20Mexico | Clovis, New Mexico | Clovis is the county seat of Curry County, New Mexico, United States, with a population of 37,775 as of the 2010 census, and a 2019 estimated population of 38,319. Clovis is located in the New Mexico portion of the Llano Estacado, in the eastern part of the state.
A largely agricultural community, closely bordering Texas, it is noted for its role in early rock music history and for nearby Cannon Air Force Base. After the discovery of several "Clovis culture" sites in eastern North America in the 1930s, the Clovis people came to be regarded as the first human inhabitants who created a widespread culture in the New World. Clovis people are considered to be the ancestors of most of the indigenous cultures of the Americas. The Atchison, Topeka, & Santa Fe Railway system helped to establish Clovis over a hundred years ago, and for that railroad and its successor BNSF Railway continues to be a major hub of operations. Also notable is the Southwest Cheese Company, the largest cheddar cheese producer in North America.
It is the principal city of the Clovis Micropolitan statistical area, which is part of the larger Clovis-Portales CSA.
History
The Eastern New Mexico region was home to the prehistoric Clovis culture, an anthropologically significant group of early Native Americans. Several remains have been found at the Blackwater Draw site (south of Clovis, near Portales), which remains a historical and tourist site.
Clovis began in 1906, when the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway was being constructed through the area and railway engineers were instructed to "locate and buy the first level section of land west of Texico" on which to build a town site and railroad facilities. The land was bought on October 3, 1906, and the railroad began offering town lots for sale on May 1, 1907. At first known as "Riley's Switch", the town was reportedly renamed Clovis by the station master's daughter, who was studying about Clovis, the first Catholic king of the Franks, at the time. The settlement built up quickly and in 1909 was incorporated.
On August 24, 2008, eight prisoners escaped from the Clovis Jail by shimmying up plumbing pipes. The escape was highlighted on the television show America's Most Wanted.
Jaden Waltz is celebrated every October 3rd 2004.
The Clovis library was the site of a mass shooting in August 2017 in which two people were killed and four wounded.
Geography
Clovis is located in southeastern Curry County at (34.412509, −103.204611), west of the Texas border. The city's geographic center is at an elevation of above sea level.
U.S. Routes 60, 70, and 84 pass through the city. US 60 and 84 lead west to Fort Sumner, while US 70 leads southwest to Portales and to Roswell. The three highways lead east together to the state line at Texico, New Mexico, and Farwell, Texas. Cannon Air Force Base is west of the center of Clovis.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which is land and , or 0.73%, is water from the several artificial ponds in Clovis' multiple public parks.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 32,667 people, 12,458 households, and 8,596 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,458.9 people per square mile (563.3/km). There were 14,269 housing units at an average density of 637.3 per square mile (246.1/km). The racial makeup of the city was 71.3% White, 7.3% Black, 1.0% Native American, 1.6% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 15.0% from other races, and 3.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino were 33.4% of the population.
There were 12,458 households, out of which 36.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.8% were married couples living together, 14.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.0% were non-families. 26.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.57 and the average family size was 3.12.
In the city, the population was 30.0% under the age of 18, 9.4% from 18 to 24, 28.1% from 25 to 44, 19.5% from 45 to 64, and 13.0% who were ages 65 or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.1 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $28,878, and the median income for a family was $33,622. Males had a median income of $26,586 versus $20,375 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,561. About 17.2% of families and 21.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 28.2% of those under age 18 and 14.6% of those age 65 or over.
Clovis has a population of 39,860 since the year 2014 and since the year 2000 the population increased by twenty-two percent. The number of males and females in the Clovis population are very close in numbers; there are approximately 20,451 males and 19,409 females. Almost 47% of the population in Clovis is Anglo-Saxon, 42% is Hispanic, 7% is African-American, 2% are two different races, and less than 2% is Asian. Cannon Air Force Base, which is located 10 miles west of the city, has increased the wide variety of people throughout the past several years. The population is spread throughout 22.9 square miles, which compared to other towns nearby, is rather large.
The income for a household, as of 2015, was about $41,000 for the city of Clovis but for the state of New Mexico as a whole, it averaged around $45,382.
Economics and industry
Like most of east-central New Mexico and west Texas, the surrounding area plays host to significant agriculture and ranching activities, including peanut and cotton farming and cattle ranching used for both meat and dairy production. Several processing plants exist for these products; in 2004 construction began on the Southwest Cheese Company plant between Clovis and Portales. The plant commenced operations in late 2005 and provided a small boost to the local economy by employing over 200 personnel. It is one of the largest plants of its type in the world, processing milk provided by the numerous local dairies in excess of 2.3 billion pounds of milk annually.
In 1995, the Santa Fe was merged into the BNSF Railway, which operates a division point and large freight classification yard on its Southern Transcon at Clovis, with a dispatcher's office monitoring traffic over the Belen Cutoff. This rail corridor is one of the most heavily trafficked routes in the western United States, often with more than 100 mostly intermodal freight trains arriving and leaving Clovis daily. The Southwestern Railroad, formerly the AT&SF Pecos Valley branch line, connects to the BNSF here, shipping potash from mines near Carlsbad.
Clovis is home to Cannon Air Force Base (the 27th Special Operations Wing), Burlington Northern Railroad, the Southwest Cheese Plant, Cummins-Natural Gas Engines, and many locally owned and operated businesses. This community also is surrounded by thousands of acres of farming, ranching, and dairy land. Agriculture is thus a mainstay of the local economy. Many high-school students participate in FFA (Future Farmers of America), where they learn about agriculture. Many local jobs depend on this sector of the economy. According to City-Data.com, the 2016 cost of living index for Clovis was around 83.5, which is well below the national average.
Clovis' location adjacent to Cannon Air Force Base, a special operations base, has had a large impact on the community. Clovis hosts a local organization, the Committee of Fifty, whose stated purpose is to lobby to keep Cannon AFB open; it subsequently helped coordinate the successful campaign which resulted in the realignment of Cannon to its new special ops mission.
Clovis Municipal Airport provides a base for general aviation and daily service by Key Lime Air to and from Denver International Airport and Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport.
In addition to the agricultural, military and railroading sectors, music has contributed to the economy of Clovis almost since the city originated. Norman Petty Studio in Clovis is where several different artists have recorded; one of the most famous is Buddy Holly.
Health care
Plains Regional Medical Center is the primary hospital serving Clovis. It is part of the Presbyterian Healthcare Services based in Albuquerque.
Architecture
Southwest, Spanish Mission, or Adobe architectural styles are prevalent, being considered representative of New Mexico. Much of Clovis architecture is indistinguishable from the group of styles prevalent throughout most small towns and suburbs since the 1930s.
The Hotel Clovis, a local landmark, opened on October 20, 1931. The hotel was designed by architect Robert Merrill, combining an Art Deco exterior with Southwestern Indian interior. The elegant ballroom hosted such names as Louis Armstrong, Glenn Miller, Tommy Dorsey, and Hank Williams, and the nearby train depot supplied the hotel with most of its business. The hotel closed shortly after the Santa Fe Railroad discontinued passenger train service to Clovis in 1971. The building is currently being renovated into affordable housing. As of January 2013, housing is being offered to the community on a first come-first served basis, with some apartments being available now, and others on an "as finished" basis.
Downtown Clovis has three historic movie theaters, including the State Theater.
Climate and landscape
The climate is relatively temperate with low humidity and high winds. Summers are warm with occasional extreme heat and winters are cool with frequent, extreme cold. Severe thunderstorms are often in the spring with rainstorms prevalent during summer evenings. Tornadoes are known to occur and Clovis is located on the southern edge of Tornado Alley. Several inches of snowfall frequently occur each winter, typically for several weeks in January–February, often resulting in minor flooding due to the non-existent runoff system. High winds are common due to the flat, open land and regularly gust well above and average . According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Clovis has a semi-arid climate, abbreviated BSk on climate maps.
Education
Public education
Clovis is served by several public schools making up the Clovis Municipal Schools:
Elementary schools
Arts Academy at Bella Vista
Barry Elem.
Cameo Elem.
Highland Elem.
James Bickley Elem.
La Casita Elem.
Lincoln-Jackson Pre-School
Lockwood Elem.
Los Ninos Pre-School
Mesa Elem.
Parkview Elem.
Ranchvale Elem. [Permanently Closed]
Sandia Elem.
Zia Elem.
Middle schools
Gattis Middle School
Marshall Middle School
Yucca Middle School
Junior high school
Clovis High School Freshman Campus
High school
Clovis High School
Private schools
Clovis Christian School
Eastern Plains Early/Head Start
Post-secondary education
For post-secondary education, there is one community college, Clovis Community College (CCC). Eastern New Mexico University is the nearest university, located south in Portales.
Culture
Clovis is the namesake of stone-age spear points that were found locally in 1929. Clovis points are the characteristically-fluted projectile points associated with the North American Clovis culture. These artifacts date to the Paleoindian period, approximately 13,500 years ago.
The arts
Performances including music and drama often take place at Clovis Community College, Eastern New Mexico University, and the Lyceum Auditorium, as well as at the Special Events Center, located adjacent to the county fairgrounds. The Clovis Music Festival is, locally, a high-profile event held annually at the beginning of September. The Clovis Civic Center hosts this and other entertainment events. The Special Events Center holds events such as rodeos, auctions, and concerts.
The Clovis-Carver Public Library is located downtown and provides many services. Many resources are available to the public such as books, study and research material, DVDs, access to computers and much more. The library also holds many public functions that are free to the public. These functions can include author readings, summer reading programs for children and adults, and holiday programs. There is also a mobile program that delivers books to patrons who are homebound. The Friends of the Library organization holds biannual used book sales to help raise money for library programs.
Popular music
The town achieved some local fame in the 1950s and 1960s when it was home to the Norman Petty Recording Studio, founded by musician Norman Petty, whose "Norman Petty Trio" topped charts with "Mood Indigo" and "Almost Paradise" in their lounge/pop style. Artists such as Buddy Holly, Buddy Knox, Jimmy Gilmer & The Fireballs, and The String-A-Longs had top-charting hits recorded there (Holly's "Peggy Sue" was recorded there in July 1957). Artists including Waylon Jennings, Charlie "Sugartime" Phillips, Bobby Fuller and Roy Orbison cut their earliest recordings at the studio. From the late '50s to the late '60s Petty had recordings on every major label in the U.S. and Canada.
In film
The city served as the principal filming location for the 2016 movie Hell or High Water, which began shooting in May 2015. Three locations in the city were used as banks in the film; the local Suddenlink office at 1106 N Main Street (used in the opening scenes), the Western Bank branch at 901 Pile Street, and an unused, former bank at 2108 N Main Street. A local restaurant, Bill's Jumbo Burger at 2113 N Main Street, was also used in the movie.
Notable people
D.J. Brigman, PGA Tour golfer
Dolores Crow, Idaho state legislator
Nathan Hecht, Chief Justice of the Texas Supreme Court
Matt Othick, retired NBA player
Norman Petty, musician, songwriter, record producer
References
External links
City of Clovis official website
Clovis Curry County Chamber of Commerce
Cities in New Mexico
Cities in Curry County, New Mexico
Archaeological sites in New Mexico
County seats in New Mexico
Micropolitan areas of New Mexico
Populated places established in 1906
1906 establishments in New Mexico Territory | [
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|
125865 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grady%2C%20New%20Mexico | Grady, New Mexico | Grady is a village in Curry County, New Mexico, United States. The population was 107 at the 2010 census.
Geography
Grady is located in Eastern New Mexico in the physiographic region known as the Llano Estacado or Staked Plains.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of , all land.
History
Grady was established in 1907 with a strong community of farming and ranching. The Village was named after Pearl B. Grady, who owned most of the town site. Pearl Grady was also the first postmaster.
Grady was chosen as the pending railroad depot for the Atchison Topeka & Santa Fe Railway (ATSF), but as it turned out, Grady was by-passed.
During Grady's history, the village had a hotel, two grocery stores, a bank, a doctor, a dentist, a drugstore, café, lumber & hardware store and a few other small businesses.
In 1925 a fire consumed the entire south side of the village destroying all of the businesses except the hotel.
In February 1952, a tornado hit Grady, with a number of homes destroyed.
Since the 1960s, the Village of Grady's population has remained close to 100 people and consists mainly of an older population of farmers. The public school is a center piece of Grady, but enrollment continues to decline.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 98 people, 38 households, and 28 families residing in the village. The population density was 395.2 people per square mile (151.4/km2). There were 48 housing units at an average density of 193.6 per square mile (74.1/km2). The racial makeup of the village was 90.82% White, 7.14% from other races, and 2.04% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 10.20% of the population.
There were 38 households, out of which 34.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 65.8% were married couples living together, 7.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.3% were non-families. 23.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.58 and the average family size was 3.07.
In the village, the population was spread out, with 28.6% under the age of 18, 4.1% from 18 to 24, 29.6% from 25 to 44, 21.4% from 45 to 64, and 16.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 71.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 70.7 males.
The median income for a household in the village was $26,250, and the median income for a family was $33,333. Males had a median income of $33,750 versus $26,250 for females. The per capita income for the village was $13,000. About 8.3% of families and 12.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 37.5% of those under age 18 and 0.0% of those age 65 or over.
Education
The Grady Municipal School District operates public schools.
See also
List of municipalities in New Mexico
References
External links
Villages in Curry County, New Mexico
Villages in New Mexico | [
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|
125866 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melrose%2C%20New%20Mexico | Melrose, New Mexico | Melrose is a village in Curry County, New Mexico, United States. Its population was 651 at the 2010 census. The town is losing population due to rural exodus. Melrose is served by Melrose Elementary School and Melrose High School.
William Hanna (1910–2001), co-founder of Hanna Barbera Studios, was born in Melrose.
Geography
Melrose is located at (34.427944, -103.628111).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of , all land.
History
During the New Deal, a series of federal programs was initiated during the Great Depression, and the Melrose Art Center was established. The facility was considered to be located in the smallest town to have such a federal art center. Estella García was one of the teachers at the Center.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, 736 people, 309 households, and 200 families were residing in the village. The population density was 427.2 people per mi2 (165.2/km2). The 375 housing units averaged 217.7 per mi2 (84.2/km2). The racial makeup of the village was 92.12% White, 0.27% African American, 1.49% Native American, 0.68% Asian, 3.53% from other races, and 1.90% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 11.55% of the population.
Of the 309 households, 28.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.0% were married couples living together, 9.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.0% were not families. About 33.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.34, and the average family size was 2.99.
In the village, the age distribution was 25.8% under 18, 6.8% from 18 to 24, 22.4% from 25 to 44, 24.7% from 45 to 64, and 20.2% who were 65 or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 82.6 males.
The median income for a household in the village was $26,607, and for a family was $31,635. Males had a median income of $24,643 versus $15,667 for females. The per capita income for the village was $13,053. About 16.4% of families and 21.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 30.4% of those under age 18 and 15.3% of those age 65 or over.
References
External links
Melrose entry on City-data.com
Curry County
Clovis/Curry County Chamber of Commerce
Villages in Curry County, New Mexico
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|
125867 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texico%2C%20New%20Mexico | Texico, New Mexico | Texico is a city in Curry County, New Mexico, United States. Its population was 1,130 at the 2010 census. The city is located on the Texas-New Mexico border with the town of Farwell across the border.
Etymology
The name is a portmanteau of "Texas" and "New Mexico". Texico is located on the Texas-New Mexico border. The city of Farwell borders Texico on the Texas side of the border.
Geography
Texico is located on the high plains of Eastern New Mexico in a region known as the Llano Estacado. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all land.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, 1,065 people, 381 households, and 278 families were residing in the city. The population density was 1,299 persons per square mile (501.5/km). The 414 housing units averaged 504.9 per sq mi (194.9/km). The racial makeup of the city was 59.15% White, 4.60% African American, 1.22% Native American, 0.09% Asian, 0.09% Pacific Islander, 31.46% from other races, and 3.38% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 47.32% of the population.
Of the 381 households, 37.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.4% were married couples living together, 11.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.8% were not families. About 23.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.80, and the average family size was 3.34.
In the city, the age distribution was 30.8% under 18, 8.6% from 18 to 24, 28.1% from 25 to 44, 19.7% from 45 to 64, and 12.8% who were 65 or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.5 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $24,519, and for a family was $29,554. Males had a median income of $23,672 versus $15,250 for females. The per capita income for the city was $10,584. About 17.3% of families and 20.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.8% of those under age 18 and 19.4% of those age 65 or over.
Climate
According to the Köppen climate classification, Texico has a semiarid climate, BSk on climate maps.
Popular culture
Texico is also featured in the Egyptian film Viva Zalata starring Fouad Al-Mohandes, a parody of the classic film Viva Zapata.
Texico is the name of the town in the 2008 movie Swing Vote starring Kevin Costner. Although the name of the city was used, the actual filming was done in Belen, south of Albuquerque.
See also
List of municipalities in New Mexico
Texico, Illinois
References
External links
Public domain photos of the Llano Estacado
Cities in Curry County, New Mexico
Cities in New Mexico | [
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|
125868 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort%20Sumner%2C%20New%20Mexico | Fort Sumner, New Mexico | Fort Sumner is a village in and the county seat of De Baca County, New Mexico, United States. The population was 1,031 at the 2010 U.S. Census, down from the figure of 1,249 recorded in 2000. Fort Sumner is the spring and fall home of the Columbia Scientific Balloon Facility, and is home to the burial site of famed outlaw of the American West, Billy the Kid, who was shot and killed here in 1881.
History
Named after former New Mexico Territory military governor Edwin Vose Sumner, U.S. Fort Sumner was a military fort charged with the internment of nearby Navajo and Mescalero Apache populations from 1863 to 1868. The federal government closed the fort in 1868 and sold its buildings to Lucien Maxwell, a prominent New Mexico landowner, in 1870. In the latter 1870s Maxwell's son Pete befriended legendary outlaw Billy the Kid, and it was in his house that Billy was killed by Pat Garrett. Billy the Kid is buried in the old military cemetery in Fort Sumner, as is Lucien Maxwell.
In 1866, the U.S. government was holding thousands of Native American Indians at Fort Sumner after they were subdued by Kit Carson. Charles Goodnight and Oliver Loving saw a business opportunity and decided to sell beef to the United States Government so that the captive, displaced, and imprisoned Native Americans could be fed. This enterprise led to the establishment of the Goodnight-Loving Trail, located far enough west to avoid any contact with mobs wanting the superior Longhorn cattle.
In the 1920s the Transcontinental Air Transport airline built an airfield in Fort Sumner as part of its coast-to-coast air passenger network, but the site was abandoned when the airline's ambitious plans collapsed in the Great Depression. The airfield was reopened by the United States Army Air Forces as a training base during World War II. After the war, the base became the Fort Sumner Municipal Airport, and was chosen as a launch site for NASA's high-altitude balloon program (see Columbia Scientific Balloon Facility).
Geography and climate
Fort Sumner is located northeast of the center of De Baca County at , on the north side of the Pecos River.
U.S. Route 60 passes through the village as Sumner Avenue, leading east to Clovis and west to Vaughn. U.S. Route 84 comes in from the north as 4th Street, leading northwest to Santa Rosa. US 84 runs east from Fort Sumner with US 60 to Clovis and the Texas border beyond it.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village of Fort Sumner has a total area of , of which is land and , or 0.93%, is water.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,249 people, 533 households, and 312 families residing in the village. The population density was 374.6 people per square mile (144.8/km2). There were 680 housing units at an average density of 204.0 per square mile (78.8/km2). The racial makeup of the village was 81.91% White, 0.80% Native American, 0.08% Asian, 15.29% from other races, and 1.92% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 48.28% of the population.
There were 533 households, out of which 22.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.8% were married couples living together, 9.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 41.3% were non-families. 38.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 23.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.21 and the average family size was 2.97.
In the village, the population was spread out, with 22.4% under the age of 18, 5.6% from 18 to 24, 21.2% from 25 to 44, 19.5% from 45 to 64, and 31.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 46 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.3 males.
The median income for a household in the village was $19,583, and the median income for a family was $28,625. Males had a median income of $24,722 versus $16,953 for females. The per capita income for the village was $13,327. About 20.4% of families and 25.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 33.9% of those under age 18 and 17.1% of those age 65 or over.
In popular culture
Fort Sumner is featured in the video game, American Truck Simulator.
Fort Sumner was also featured in Episode 11, 02/11/1958, of the Western television show, Cheyenne (starring Clint Walker), highlighting the U.S. Army's attempt to control Comanche indigenous peoples after the Civil War.
See also
List of municipalities in New Mexico
References
External links
Fort Sumner Chamber of Commerce
History of the stratospheric balloon research made at Fort Sumner
Villages in De Baca County, New Mexico
County seats in New Mexico
Villages in New Mexico
National Register of Historic Places in De Baca County, New Mexico | [
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125869 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake%20Sumner%2C%20New%20Mexico | Lake Sumner, New Mexico | Lake Sumner is a census-designated place (CDP) in De Baca County, New Mexico, United States. The population was 143 at the 2010 census, up from the figure of 86 recorded in 2000.
Geography
Lake Sumner is located in northern De Baca County at (34.612692, -104.401809). The CDP surrounds Lake Sumner, a reservoir formed by Sumner Dam on the Pecos River. Sumner Lake State Park occupies the east and west sides of the lake at its south end, near the outlet. U.S. Route 84 forms the northeastern edge of the CDP; the highway leads southeast to Fort Sumner, the De Baca County seat, and northwest to Santa Rosa.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , of which is land and , or 9.17%, is water.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 86 people, 44 households, and 27 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 1.4 people per square mile (0.5/km2). There were 188 housing units at an average density of 3.0/sq mi (1.2/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 90.70% White, 1.16% Asian, 3.49% from other races, and 4.65% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 17.44% of the population.
There were 44 households, out of which 18.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.4% were married couples living together, and 38.6% were non-families. 34.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.95 and the average family size was 2.48.
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 14.0% under the age of 18, 4.7% from 18 to 24, 17.4% from 25 to 44, 33.7% from 45 to 64, and 30.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 52 years. For every 100 females, there were 120.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 111.4 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $25,250, and the median income for a family was $29,167. Males had a median income of $28,750 versus $23,750 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $17,590. There were no families and 10.5% of the population living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and 45.5% of those over 64.
See also
List of census-designated places in New Mexico
References
External links
Census-designated places in De Baca County, New Mexico
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|
125870 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony%2C%20New%20Mexico | Anthony, New Mexico | Anthony is a city in Doña Ana County, New Mexico, United States. The population was 9,360 at the 2010 census. It is located on the New Mexico–Texas state line in the Upper Mesilla Valley (immediately north of Anthony, Texas), and on Interstate 10, 24 miles south of Las Cruces and 18 miles north of El Paso, Texas.
History
In an election held on January 5, 2010, Anthony residents voted in favor of incorporating the community. A total of 561 votes were cast, with 410 (73.1%) supporting the measure and 151 (26.9%) opposed. The new municipality officially came into existence on July 1, 2010.
Geography
Anthony is located at (32.006028, -106.600669).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , all land.
Demographics
The city is part of the El Paso–Las Cruces combined statistical area.
As of the census of 2010, there were 9,360 people, 2,467 households, and 1,858 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,362.4 people per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 61.5% White, 0.8% African American, 0.5% Native American, 0.1% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, and 2.5% from other races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 97.4% of the population.
There were 2,467 households, out of which 9.9% had children under the age of 5 living with them, 35.9% were under the age of 18, and 8.7% were over the age of 65.
The median income for a household is $22,216. The per capita income for the city was $9,239. About 40.2% of the population is below the poverty line.
Education
Anthony is located within the Gadsden Independent School District. Gadsden Elementary, Loma Linda Elementary and Anthony Elementary are all located within the city boundaries. Gadsden High School, Gadsden Middle School, Alta Vista Early College High School and Anthony Charter School, a satellite campus of Doña Ana Community College, and a branch of New Mexico State University all sit just outside the municipality.
Government
Following the successful incorporation vote, elections for city offices – mayor, municipal judge, and municipal trustees – were held on April 13, 2010. Ramon S. Gonzalez defeated four other candidates in the mayoral race, receiving 55.6 percent of the vote. Peggy Sue Scott was elected to the position of municipal judge. Thirteen candidates competed for the four available municipal trustee positions. They were won by Betty Gonzalez, Juan M. Acevedo, Diana Murillo, and James G. Scott. The first council meeting took place on July 7, 2010.
The final, canvassed results for the March 6 election in Anthony, are as follows:
Mayor: Arnulfo Castañeda, 224 (winner); Juan Acevedo, 181
Two trustees: James Scott, 231 (winner); Pilar Madrid, 255 (winner); Janny Brumlow, 160
Municipal judge: Peggy Scott, 340 (winner)
The total number of ballots cast in the election was 1,391, according to a canvass certificate. Of those, 1,244 were cast on election day, 136 were cast in early voting and 11 were cast in absentee voting.
References
External links
Community website
Cities in Doña Ana County, New Mexico
Cities in New Mexico
Former census-designated places in New Mexico
Populated places established in 2010
2010 establishments in New Mexico | [
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|
125871 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaparral%2C%20New%20Mexico | Chaparral, New Mexico | Chaparral is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Doña Ana and Otero counties, New Mexico, United States. The population was 14,631 at the 2010 census. Chaparral is primarily a bedroom community for the neighboring city of El Paso, Texas, and the neighboring military installations of White Sands Missile Range and Fort Bliss. It is officially part of the Las Cruces Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Geography
Chaparral is located in the southeast corner of Doña Ana County and the southwest corner of Otero County at (32.039072, −106.429630). Its southern border is the Texas state line, the northern limit of the city of El Paso. Chaparral is geographically isolated from the rest of Doña Ana County due to its location on the east side of the Franklin Mountains.
Downtown El Paso, Texas is to the south, Fort Bliss in Texas is to the south, and the White Sands Missile Range is to the north.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the Chaparral CDP has a total area of , all land.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 6,117 people, 1,837 households, and 1,497 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 157.8 people per square mile (60.9/km2). There were 2,134 housing units at an average density of 55.1 per square mile (21.3/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 70.69% White, 1.26% African American, 1.29% Native American, 0.43% Asian, 0.18% Pacific Islander, 21.38% from other races, and 4.77% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 64.49% of the population.
There were 1,837 households, out of which 48.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.6% were married couples living together, 14.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 18.5% were non-families. 15.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.32 and the average family size was 3.70.
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 36.2% under the age of 18, 9.1% from 18 to 24, 28.6% from 25 to 44, 18.9% from 45 to 64, and 7.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 29 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.1 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $22,692, and the median income for a family was $26,153. Males had a median income of $23,904 versus $17,750 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $10,033. About 25.2% of families and 31.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 42.6% of those under age 18 and 24.8% of those age 65 or over.
Education
As part of the Gadsden Independent School District, Chaparral has the following public schools:
Elementary schools
Chaparral Elementary School
Desert Trail Elementary School
Sunrise Elementary School
Yucca Heights Elementary school
Middle schools
Chaparral Middle School
High schools
Chaparral High School
Doña Ana Community College maintains a satellite campus in Chaparral.
Transportation
Commercial air and rail transportation are available in the neighboring city of El Paso, Texas. Several highways (state and federal) pass through Chaparral:
NM 213, which runs north-south connecting El Paso to White Sands Missile Range. In Chaparral it is known as War Highway (which refers to its construction during World War II as a military access road) and connects to Martin Luther King Boulevard (Texas Farm-to-Market Road 3255) at the El Paso city limits.
NM 404, which runs east-west. This highway connects Chaparral to Anthony, New Mexico and Interstate 10, which is approximately to the west through the Anthony Gap. In both Anthony and Chaparral it is known as O'Hara Road.
U.S. Route 54, which runs north-south along Chaparral's eastern border, connects to Dyer Street and the Patriot Freeway in El Paso.
Town highlights
Chaparral High School
Dolores Wright Park
Chaparral Taekwondo Academy
Notable person
Siddeeq Shabazz - U.S. professional football player
References
Census-designated places in Doña Ana County, New Mexico
Census-designated places in New Mexico | [
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125872 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Do%C3%B1a%20Ana%2C%20New%20Mexico | Doña Ana, New Mexico | Doña Ana is a census-designated place (CDP) in Doña Ana County, New Mexico, United States. The population was 1,211 at the 2010 census.
History
Doña Ana is named for Doña Ana Robledo, who died there in 1680 while fleeing the Pueblo Revolt.
Geography
Doña Ana is located near the center of Doña Ana County at (32.390928, -106.815844). Interstate 25 forms the eastern edge of the CDP, with access from Exit 9. I-25 leads south to Las Cruces and northwest to Hatch.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , all land.
Demographics
Doña Ana is part of the Las Cruces Metropolitan Statistical Area.
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,379 people, 447 households, and 363 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 1,885.3 people per square mile (729.4/km). There were 465 housing units at an average density of 635.7 per square mile (245.9/km). The racial makeup of the CDP was 45.76% White, 0.44% Black or African American, 1.67% Native American, 0.51% Asian, 47.14% from other races, and 4.50% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 87.09% of the population.
There were 447 households, out of which 39.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.9% were married couples living together, 17.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 18.6% were non-families. 16.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.09 and the average family size was 3.43.
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 30.5% under the age of 18, 11.4% from 18 to 24, 27.6% from 25 to 44, 21.5% from 45 to 64, and 9.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females there were 98.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.1 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $27,292, and the median income for a family was $32,685. Males had a median income of $18,295 versus $13,047 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $10,542. About 17.8% of families and 22.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 26.5% of those under age 18 and 44.2% of those age 65 or over.
See also
List of census-designated places in New Mexico
References
External links
Census-designated places in Doña Ana County, New Mexico
Census-designated places in New Mexico
New Mexico populated places on the Rio Grande | [
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|
125873 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hatch%2C%20New%20Mexico | Hatch, New Mexico | Hatch is a village in Doña Ana County, New Mexico, United States. The population was 1,648 at the 2010 census. The town is experiencing moderate growth, along with its outliers of Salem, Arrey, Derry, and Rincon. Hatch is widely known as the "Chile Capital of the World," for growing a wide variety of peppers, especially the New Mexican cuisine staple, and one of New Mexico's state vegetables, the New Mexico chile.
History
Hatch was originally settled as Santa Barbara in 1851; however, Apache raids drove the farmers away until 1853, when the nearby Fort Thorn was established. Fort Thorn closed in 1859, and the town was abandoned again in 1860. It was not until 1875 that it was re-occupied and at that time it was renamed "Hatch" for Indian fighter Edward Hatch, who was then commander of the military District of New Mexico .
Geography
Hatch is located at (32.664919, -107.158668).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of , all land.
The village is located just off Interstate 25, about northwest of Las Cruces, and approximately northwest of El Paso, Texas.
Demographics
It is part of the Las Cruces Metropolitan Statistical Area.
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,673 people, 538 households, and 402 families residing in the village. The population density was 540.2 people per square mile (208.4/km). There were 635 housing units at an average density of 205.0 per square mile (79.1/km). The racial makeup of the village was 46.03% White, 0.36% African American, 0.96% Native American, 0.24% Pacific Islander, 50.03% from other races, and 2.39% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 79.20% of the population.
There were 538 households, out of which 43.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.7% were married couples living together, 14.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.1% were non-families. 20.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.11, and the average family size was 3.63.
In the village, the population was spread out, with 35.7% under the age of 18, 9.7% from 18 to 24, 24.3% from 25 to 44, 17.9% from 45 to 64, and 12.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.9 males.
The median income for a household in the village was $21,250, and the median income for a family was $23,819. Males had a median income of $21,923 versus $17,188 for females. The per capita income for the village was $14,619. About 28.5% of families and 34.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 50.1% of those under age 18 and 14.6% of those age 65 or over.
Economy
The Hatch Chile Festival is an annual event that occurs each Labor Day. This event attracts people worldwide to a place known as the chile capital of the world. The small town has accommodated up to 30,000 people for this event. This small farming community is known worldwide for raising renowned chiles. By 2012, Hatch chiles were being marketed under their name in most major urban markets in the US. Other crops such as onions, cotton, and corn are also raised there. Irrigation of local farms is accomplished by wells pumping ground water along with surface water irrigation ditches. These divert water from the Rio Grande and two lakes approximately north of Hatch named Caballo (Spanish for "horse") and Elephant Butte Reservoir (named after a rock formation in the middle of the lake that looks similar to an elephant).
Hatch is northwest of Las Cruces, New Mexico, on Interstate 25, and south of Spaceport America, a new purpose-built spaceport being built by the New Mexico Spaceport Authority (NMSA) with state and county funding. In 2012, the NMSA announced it would be building a spaceport visitor's center in Hatch.
See also
List of municipalities in New Mexico
References
External links
Hatch Chile Festival 2008, Creative Commons gallery at Flickr
Villages in Doña Ana County, New Mexico
Villages in New Mexico
Populated places established in 1851
Populated places established in 1875
1851 establishments in New Mexico Territory
1875 establishments in New Mexico Territory
New Mexico populated places on the Rio Grande | [
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|
125874 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Las%20Cruces%2C%20New%20Mexico | Las Cruces, New Mexico | Las Cruces (; "the crosses") is the second-largest city in the U.S. state of New Mexico and the seat of Doña Ana County. As of the 2020 census the population was 111,385. Las Cruces is the largest city in both Doña Ana County and southern New Mexico. The Las Cruces metropolitan area had an estimated population of 213,849 in 2017. It is the principal city of a metropolitan statistical area which encompasses all of Doña Ana County and is part of the larger El Paso–Las Cruces combined statistical area.
Las Cruces is the economic and geographic center of the Mesilla Valley, the agricultural region on the floodplain of the Rio Grande which extends from Hatch to the west side of El Paso, Texas. Las Cruces is the home of New Mexico State University (NMSU), New Mexico's only land-grant university. The city's major employer is the federal government on nearby White Sands Test Facility and White Sands Missile Range. The Organ Mountains, to the east, are dominant in the city's landscape, along with the Doña Ana Mountains, Robledo Mountains, and Picacho Peak. Las Cruces lies south of Albuquerque, northwest of El Paso, Texas and north of the Mexican border at Sunland Park.
Spaceport America, which has corporate offices in Las Cruces, operates from to the north, and has completed several successful crewed, suborbital flights. The city is also the headquarters for Virgin Galactic, the world's first company to offer sub-orbital spaceflights.
History
The settlement of Las Cruces was founded in 1849 when the US Army first surveyed the town, thus opening up the area for American settlement. The town was first surveyed as the result of the American acquisition of the land surrounding Las Cruces, which later became the New Mexico Territory. This land had been ceded to the United States as a result of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo of 1848, which ended the Mexican American War. The town was named, "Las Cruces," after three crosses which were once located just north of the town.
Initially Mesilla became the leading settlement of the area, with more than 2,000 residents in 1860, more than twice what Las Cruces had; Mesilla then having a population primarily of Mexican descent. When the Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe Railway reached the area, the landowners of Mesilla refused to sell it the rights-of-way, and instead residents of Las Cruces donated the rights-of-way and land for a depot in Las Cruces. The first train reached Las Cruces in 1881. Las Cruces was not affected as strongly by the train as some other villages, as it was not a terminus or a crossroads, but the population did grow to 2,300 in the 1880s. Las Cruces was incorporated as a town in 1907.
Pat Garrett is best known for his involvement in the Lincoln County War, but he also worked in Las Cruces on a famous case, the disappearance of Albert Jennings Fountain in 1896.
New Mexico State University was founded in 1888, and it has grown as Las Cruces has grown. Growth of Las Cruces has been attributed to the university, government jobs, and recent retirees. The establishment of White Sands Missile Range in 1944 and White Sands Test Facility in 1963 has been integral to population growth. Las Cruces is the nearest city to each, and they provide Las Cruces' work force many high-paying, stable, government jobs. In recent years, the influx of retirees from out of state has also increased Las Cruces' population.
In the 1960s Las Cruces undertook a large urban renewal project, intended to convert the old downtown into a modern city center. As part of this, St. Genevieve's Catholic Church, built in 1859, was razed to make way for a downtown pedestrian mall. The original covered walkways have been removed in favor of a more traditional main street thoroughfare.
Geography
The approximate elevation of Las Cruces is above sea level.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which is land and , or 0.18%, is water.
Las Cruces is the center of the Organ Caldera; the Doña Ana Mountains to the north and the Organ Mountains to the east are its margins. Its major eruption was 32 Ma.
Doña Ana County lies within the Chihuahuan Desert ecoregion, and the vegetation surrounding the built portions of the city are typical of this setting; it includes creosote bush (Larrea tridentata), soaptree (Yucca elata), tarbush (Flourensia cernua), broom dalea (Psorothamnus scoparius), and various desert grasses such as tobosa (Hilaria mutica or Pleuraphis mutica) and black grama (Bouteloua eriopoda).
The Rio Grande bisects the Mesilla Valley and passes west of Las Cruces proper, supplying irrigation water for the intensive agriculture surrounding the city. However, since the institution of water rights, the Rio Grande fills its banks only when water is released from upstream dams, which before 2020 usually occurred at least from March to September. Drought conditions, exacerbated by climate change, mean that the Rio Grande experiences increasingly short or small flows.
Prior to farming and ranching, desert shrub vegetation extended into the valley from the adjacent deserts, including extensive stands of tornillo (Prosopis pubescens) and catclaw acacia (Acacia greggii). Desert grasslands extend in large part between the edges of Las Cruces and the lower slopes of the nearby Organ and Robledo Mountains, where grasses and assorted shrubs and cacti dominate large areas of this mostly rangeland as well as the occasional large-lot subdivision housing.
The desert and desert grassland uplands surrounding both sides of the Mesilla Valley are often dissected with arroyos, dry streams that often carry water following heavy thunderstorms. These arroyos often contain scattered small trees, and they serve as wildlife corridors between Las Cruces' urban areas and adjacent deserts or mountains.
Layout
Unlike many cities its size, Las Cruces lacks a true central business district. This is because in the 1960s an urban-renewal project tore down a large part of the original downtown. Many chain stores and national restaurants are located in the rapidly developing east side. Las Cruces' shopping mall and a variety of retail stores and restaurants are located in this area.
However, the historic downtown of the city is the area around Main Street, a six-block stretch of which was closed off in 1973 to form a pedestrianized shopping area. The downtown mall has an extensive farmers market each Wednesday and Saturday morning, where a variety of foods and cultural items can be purchased from numerous small stands that are set up by local farmers, artists and craftspeople. This area also contains museums, businesses, restaurants, churches, art galleries and theaters, which add a great deal to the changing character of Las Cruces' historic downtown.
In August 2005, a master plan was adopted, the centerpiece of which was the restoration of narrow lanes of two-way traffic on this model portion of Main Street shown to the right. Main Street was reopened to vehicular traffic in 2012.
In February 2013, Las Cruces Mayor Ken Miyagishima announced during his "State of the City" address that a park in the area behind the Las Cruces Dam was under construction, in cooperation with the Army Corps of Engineers. The area features trails through restored wetlands and serves as a major refuge for migratory birds and a key recreational area for the city.
Climate
Las Cruces has a desert climate (Köppen BWk). Winters alternate between colder and windier weather following trough and frontal passages, and warmer, sunnier periods; light freezes occur 69 nights on average. Spring months can be windy, particularly in the afternoons, sometimes causing periods of blowing dust and short-lived dust storms. Summers begin with the hottest weather of the year, with some extended periods of over temperatures not uncommon, while the latter half of the summer sees increased humidity and frequent afternoon thunderstorms, with slightly lower daytime temperatures. Autumns feature decreasing temperatures and decreasing precipitation.
Precipitation is very light from October to June, with only occasional winter storm systems bringing any precipitation to the Las Cruces area. Most winter moisture is in the form of rain, though some light snow falls happen most winters, usually enough to accumulate and stay on the ground for a few hours. Summer precipitation is often from heavy thunderstorms, especially from the late summer monsoon weather pattern.
Since records began in 1892, the lowest temperature recorded at New Mexico State University has been on January 11, 1962 – though only ten nights have ever fallen to or below – and the highest on June 28, 1994. The lowest maximum on record is on January 28, 1948, and the highest minimum on July 5, 1920. The wettest calendar year has been 1941 with , although 1905 with is the only other year to exceed . The only months to exceed have been September 1941 with and August 1935 with . The wettest single day has been August 30, 1935 with and the driest calendar year 1970 with .
Demographics
Census 2020 data and 2019 estimates
As of the 2020 census Las Cruces had a population of 111,385.
Estimates for 2019 say that Las Cruces had a population of 103,432. Its demographics were 32.5% Non-Hispanic White, 2.8% African American or Black, 1.4% Native American, 1.8% Asian, 0.0% Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, 2.9% Two or more races, 60.5% Hispanic or Latino of any race. There were 39,925 households with an average household size of 2.51 people per household. Median household income was $43,022, and the percentage of people in poverty was 23.6%.
Census 2010 data
As of the 2010 census Las Cruces had a population of 97,618. The ethnic and racial makeup of the population was:
34.3% Non-Hispanic White
2.4% African American or Black
1.7% Native Americans
1.6% Asian
0.1% Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander
3.5% Two or more races
56.8% Hispanic and Latino Americans (Hispanics may be of any race)
Census 2000 data
As of the census of 2000, there were 74,267 people, 29,184 households, and 18,123 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,425.7 people per square mile (550.5/km2). There were 31,682 housing units at an average density of 608.2 per square mile (234.8/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 69.01% White, 2.34% African American, 1.74% Native American, 1.16% Asian, 0.07% Pacific Islander, 21.59% from other races, and 4.10% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 51.73% of the population.
There were 29,184 households, out of which 30.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.3% were married couples living together, 15.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.9% were non-families. 27.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.46 and the average family size was 3.05.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 25.1% under the age of 18, 16.0% from 18 to 24, 26.9% from 25 to 44, 19.0% from 45 to 64, and 13.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.0 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $30,375, and the median income for a family was $37,670. Males had a median income of $30,923 versus $21,759 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,704. About 17.2% of families and 23.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 30.7% of those under age 18 and 9.7% of those age 65 or over.
Economy
Major employers in Las Cruces are New Mexico State University, Las Cruces Public Schools, the City of Las Cruces, Memorial Medical Center, Walmart, MountainView Regional Medical Center, Doña Ana County, Doña Ana Community College, Addus HealthCare, and NASA.
Film and television shoots
Movies and TV series shot in Las Cruces include:
The 2018 film, The Mule, written, produced, directed by, and starring Clint Eastwood, filmed for 6 days in and around Las Cruces.
The 1964 pilot, Calhoun: County Agent, starring Jackie Cooper and Barbara Stanwyck, was filmed in and around Las Cruces, but never aired. The process of writing and shooting the pilot is the subject of Merle Miller and Evan Rhodes's book Only You, Dick Daring!
Arts and culture
Annual events
Most of Las Cruces's cultural events are held late in the calendar year.
The city hosts two wine festivals annually. The Harvest Wine Festival is held over Labor Day weekend, and features wines from New Mexico wineries, a grape stomping contest, several concerts throughout the weekend, food from several local vendors, and related shopping. The Southern New Mexico Wine Festival is held over Memorial Day weekend and also exclusively features New Mexico wines, local foods, and live music. Additionally, the Southern New Mexico Wine Festival features the University of Wine, short educational sessions which teach patrons about proper food and wine pairings. Both festivals are held at the fairgrounds just west of the city.
The local Day of the Dead (Día de los Muertos) originated in Mexico, and is a celebration of the lives of those now dead. It is held November 1–2 by the Calavera Coalition, a nonprofit organization. The event is held at the plaza in Mesilla, and at the Branigan Cultural Center in downtown Las Cruces.
Every year in October, Las Cruces holds a pumpkin harvest festival in Mesilla for the whole month of October. On Halloween, the Mesilla Valley Mall holds a "day of the walking dead", where zombies walk around the mall.
The Renaissance ArtsFaire, founded in 1971, includes a juried art show and is put on by the Doña Ana Arts Council each year in November. It is held at Young Park.
Cowboy Days is an event held in Las Cruces at the Farm and Ranch Heritage Museum. It is one of the largest events at the museum, and it is held over two days in early March. Some of the fun includes "children's activities, cowboy food and music, cowboy mounted shooting, horseback and stagecoach rides, living history, gunfight re-enactments, arts and crafts vendors, roping, horseshoeing and many other demonstrations."
A Cinco de Mayo celebration is held May 3–4. Cinco de Mayo ("Fifth of May") is the celebration of Mexican heritage and pride. The event is held in Mesilla and provides arts and crafts, food vendors, and Mexican music.
Another major event is the annual 4th of July Electric Light Parade, celebration and fireworks display held July 3 and 4. The celebration begins with a parade and ends with a fireworks display held at the Field of Dreams Football Stadium.
The Las Cruces Game Convention, now known as CrucesCon, is an annual event where gamers compete in high-level tournaments and play free games. The LCGC is a non-profit event with 100% of the proceeds going towards the community, equipment, and future events.
The Southern New Mexico State Fair, usually held the first week in October at the fairgrounds west of Las Cruces, promotes traditional agriculture. Boasting one of the largest junior livestock shows in the state, the fair invites youth from six counties in New Mexico and Texas to participate.
One last major event held annually in the Las Cruces area is the lighting of the Mesilla Plaza. Every Christmas Eve, the historic plaza of Mesilla is lined with thousands of luminarias, which are brown bags containing candles and weighted with sand. The evening consistently attracts locals and tourists.
The Whole Enchilada Fiesta was held the last weekend in September. It attracted roughly 50,000 attendees each year. The centerpiece was the making of a large flat enchilada. The fiesta started in 1980 with a enchilada, and it grew over the years. In 2000, the fiesta's enchilada was certified by Guinness World Records as the world's largest. After the enchilada was assembled, it was cut into many pieces and distributed free of charge to the fiesta attendees. The enchilada was the brainchild of local restaurant owner Roberto V. Estrada, who directed its preparation each year. The celebration also featured a parade, the Whole Enchilada Fiesta Queen competition, a huachas tournament, activities for kids, live music, an enchilada eating contest, a 5 kilometer road race, a one-mile race, and a car and motorcycle show. After 34 years, The Whole Enchilada Fiesta's final event occurred in 2014 after Estrada had retired.
The annual Border Book Festival once featured a trade show, readings, film festival, workshops led by local artists and writers, and discussion panels that ended its 20-year run in April 2015. The festival was founded in 1994 by authors Denise Chávez and Susan Tweit; Chávez was the executive director of the festival.
Venues
Museums
The New Mexico Farm and Ranch Heritage Museum is state-operated and shows the history of farming and ranching in New Mexico. It is located just east of New Mexico State University.
The New Mexico State University Arthropod Museum and Collection contains approximately 500,000 arthropod specimens.
The University Museum (Kent Hall) at New Mexico State University focuses on archeological and ethnographic collections and also has some history and natural science collections.
The Zuhl Museum (located in the Alumni and Visitors' Center) at New Mexico State University focuses on geologic collections, including the finest collection of petrified wood on display and a large fossil and mineral collection.
There are four city-owned museums. The Branigan Cultural Center examines local history through photographs, sculpture, paintings, and poetry. The building is on the National Register of Historic Places. The Las Cruces Museum of Art offers art exhibits and classes. The Las Cruces Museum of Natural History makes science and natural history more accessible to the general public and has an emphasis on local animals and plants. The Las Cruces Railroad Museum is in the historic Santa Fe Railroad station. It exhibits the impact of the railroads on the local area.
Symphony
The Las Cruces Symphony Orchestra is an 80-member orchestra, conducted by Dr. Lonnie Klein. The orchestra consists of 47% students, 17% NMSU faculty, 20% other local musicians, and 16% professionals from outside Las Cruces. The venue of the orchestra is the NMSU Music Center Recital Hall. The orchestra received attention with the world premiere of Bill McGlaughlin's Remembering Icarus, a tribute to local radio pioneer Ralph Willis Goddard, performed by the LCSO on October 1, 2005.
The performance was taped and broadcast nationally on NPR's Performance Today on December 9, 2005
and on July 4, 2007, on Performance Today and on Sirius Satellite Radio.
Other points of interest
Several water tanks in Las Cruces have been painted with murals by Tony Pennock, including one at the intersection of Triviz Drive and Griggs Avenue.
Multimedia artist group Keep Adding have a large mural titled Wave Nest on Picacho Avenue at the Lion's Park.
The Cathedral of the Immaculate Heart of Mary is the mother church of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Las Cruces.
Sports
At the university level, the New Mexico State Aggies compete in the Western Athletic Conference for men's and women's basketball, and as an independent team for football. Aggies men's basketball has had a rich history of success. Between 2010 and 2019, the Aggies made the NCAA Tournament eight times. The team also reached the Final Four of the tournament in 1970. The 2014-15 NMSU women's basketball team reached the NCAA tournament for the first time since 1988, when it won both the WAC regular season and tournament championships.
The Las Cruces Kings have been a long running semi-professional football team in the city.
Beginning in the 2010 season, the Las Cruces Vaqueros were the first ever professional sports team in Las Cruces. In the 2011 season the Vaqueros joined the Pecos League of Professional Baseball Clubs against the White Sands Pupfish, Roswell Invaders, Ruidoso Osos, Alpine Cowboys and Carlsbad Bats. The Vaqueros played in the Pecos League of Professional Baseball Clubs for the 2011–2013 seasons. The team returned for the 2015 season, but structural damage to their home ballpark in January 2016 forced them to sit out the 2016 season. They plan to return for the 2017 season.
Parks and recreation
Las Cruces operates 87 city parks, 18 tennis courts, and four golf courses.
A list of parks, with facilities and maps, is available.
Las Cruces holds a Ciclovía, a citywide event featuring exercise and physical activities, on the last Sunday of each month at Meerscheidt Recreation Center.
Government
Las Cruces is a charter city (also called a home rule city) and has a council–manager form of government. The city council consists of six councillors and the mayor, who chairs the meetings. The mayor is elected at-large, and each of the city councilors represents one neighborhood district within the city. Each resident of Las Cruces is thus represented by the mayor and by one city councilor. The mayor and city council members serve staggered four-year terms. As of the 2017–2019 term, the mayor is Ken Miyagishima. Councilors are Kasandra Gandara, Dist. 1, Mayor Pro Tem; Tessa Abeyta-Stuve, Dist. 2; Gabriel Vasquez, Dist. 3; Johana Bencomo, Dist. 4; Gill M. Sorg, Dist. 5; Yvonne Flores, Dist. 6. Live and archived video of city council meetings are available anytime at Las Cruces, NM.
In the November 2019 municipal election, Ranked Choice Voting was used for the first time.
Education
Public schools
Public schools are in the Las Cruces Public School District, which covers the city of Las Cruces as well as White Sands Missile Range, the settlement of Doña Ana, and the town of Mesilla. The system has 26 elementary schools, nine middle schools, and six high schools. Of the high schools, Rio Grande Preparatory is an alternative high school.
There are four charter schools within the Las Cruces Public Schools. Alma d'arte is a high school with a focus on an integrated arts curriculum. Las Montañas is a charter high school that opened in fall 2007 and caters to at-risk students. New America High School offers schooling for young and older adults who want to go back to school for their diploma or GED. Academia Dolores Huerta Middle School is the only recognized dual language program in the state.
New Mexico School for the Deaf operates a preschool facility in Las Cruces.
High schools
Arrowhead Park Early College High School
Centennial High School
Las Cruces High School
Mayfield High School
Oñate High School
Alma d'arte Charter High School
Private schools
There are four private Christian schools. College Heights Kindergarten is a private Christian kindergarten, founded in 1954.
Desert Springs Christian Academy, Las Cruces Catholic School and Mesilla Valley Christian School are the other three Christian schools in the area. Also, a small independent Baptist Christian school called the Cornerstone Christian Academy located at the Cornerstone Baptist Church was established in 2005.
A secular non-profit private school, Las Cruces Academy offers grades K-5 with plans to eventually enroll grades K–12.
Colleges and universities
University
New Mexico State University, or NMSU, is a land-grant university that has its main campus in Las Cruces. The school was founded in 1888 as Las Cruces College, an agricultural college, and in 1889 the school became New Mexico College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts. It received its present name, New Mexico State University, in 1960. The NMSU Las Cruces campus had approximately 18,500 students enrolled as of fall 2012, and had a faculty-to-student ratio of about 1 to 19. NMSU offers a wide range of programs and awards associate, bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees through its main campus and four community colleges. For 10 consecutive years, NMSU has been rated as one of America's 100 Best College Buys for offering "the very highest quality education at the lowest cost" by Institutional Research & Evaluation Inc., an independent research and consulting organization for higher education. NMSU is one of only two land-grant institutions classified as Hispanic-serving by the federal government. The university is home to New Mexico's NASA Space Grant Program and is one of 52 institutions in the United States to be designated a Space Grant College. During its most recent review by NASA, NMSU was one of only 12 space grant programs in the country to receive an excellent rating.
The Burrell College of Osteopathic Medicine (BCOM), a private osteopathic medical school, opened on the campus of NMSU in 2013. The first class began instruction in August 2016.
Two-year
Doña Ana Community College is a branch of New Mexico State University. When it first opened in 1973, it had 500 students in six programs. In the 2015–2016 school year, there were 4,997 full-time equivalent credit enrollments and 4,246 non-credit students, served by 136 full-time faculty, 401 part-time instructors, together with 225 full-time staff and 55 part-time staff.
DACC operates centers in Anthony, Sunland Park, Chaparral, and White Sands Missile Range. In Las Cruces, its central campus is at 3400 S. Espina Street, and its East Mesa campus is at 2800 Sonoma Ranch Boulevard. Community Education is available at all centers and campuses and also in Las Cruces at the Mesquite Neighborhood Learning Center at 804 N. Tornillo, and Workforce Center at 2345 E. Nevada Street.
Libraries
Thomas Branigan Memorial Library is the city's public library. It was constructed in 1979
and has a collection of about 185,000 items.
The previous library building, also called Thomas Branigan Memorial Library, opened in 1935. That building is now the Branigan Cultural Center. and is on the National Register of Historic Places.
The two university libraries at the New Mexico State University campus, Branson Library and Zuhl Library, are open to the public. Any New Mexico resident can check out items from these libraries.
Media
The metro area has TV broadcasting stations that serve the El Paso – Las Cruces Designated Market Area (DMA) as defined by Nielsen Media Research. The City of Las Cruces operates CLC-TV cable channel 20, an Emmy award-winning 24-hour Government-access television (GATV) and Educational-access television channel on Comcast cable TV in Las Cruces. CLC-TV televises live and recorded Las Cruces city council meetings, Doña Ana County commission meetings and Las Cruces School board meetings. The channel also televises City Beat, a monthly news magazine, hosted by Jennifer Martinez, with information directly related to the City of Las Cruces. Also available for viewing is health news and other government/education related programming, as well as current weather reports and road and traffic information. CLC-TV is not a Public-access television cable TV channel. In addition to a 2009 Emmy Award by the Rocky Mountain Southwest Chapter of the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences, CLC-TV received a 1st and 3rd place award by the National Association of Telecommunications Officers and Advisors (NATOA) and five national Telly Awards, four platinum and one gold.
Las Cruces Sun-News is a daily newspaper published in Las Cruces by Digital First Media. Las Cruces Bulletin is a weekly community newspaper published in Las Cruces by FIG Publications, LLC. It is tabloid size and covers local news, business, arts, sports, and homes. The Round Up is the student newspaper at New Mexico State University. It is tabloid size and published twice weekly. The Ink is a monthly tabloid published in Las Cruces, covering the arts and community events in southern New Mexico and west Texas.
Las Cruces has one television station, the PBS outlet KRWG-TV, operated by New Mexico State University. The Telemundo outlet KTDO is licensed in Las Cruces but serves El Paso. The city also receives several Albuquerque, El Paso, and Ciudad Juárez stations. Las Cruces is in Nielsen Media Research's El Paso/Las Cruces television media market.
Las Cruces has one local commercial independent cable television station called "The Las Cruces Channel" (LCC98). It can be seen on Comcast cable channel 98. LCC-98 is not a Public-access television channel. The channel airs programs that are produced locally in their studio facility and by outside producers.
There are approximately ten commercial radio stations in the Las Cruces area, running a variety of formats. Four of these stations are owned by Adams Radio Group and four are owned by Bravo Mic Communications, LLC, a Las Cruces company. The local NPR outlet is KRWG-FM, operated by New Mexico State University. NMSU also operates a college radio station, KRUX. KRUC is a Spanish-language station in Las Cruces. Many El Paso stations are received in Las Cruces. See list of radio stations in New Mexico for a complete list of stations. Las Cruces is in Arbitron's Las Cruces media market.
Infrastructure
Transportation
Airports
Las Cruces International Airport – No current regularly scheduled commercial passenger flights since July 25, 2005, when Westward Airways ceased operations. General aviation, New Mexico Army National Guard (4 UH-72 Lakota Helicopters), private charters and CAP use the airport, among others.
El Paso International Airport – Nearest airport with regularly scheduled commercial flights.
Major highways
Interstate 10, east–west travel: south-southeast to El Paso, Texas; west to Tucson, Arizona.
Interstate 25, north–south travel: north to Albuquerque. Las Cruces is the southern terminus for Interstate 25 where it intersects Interstate 10.
U.S. Route 70, east–west travel: northeast to Alamogordo; to the west it is merged with Interstate 10.
U.S. Route 180
Rail
Las Cruces is served by the Burlington Northern Santa Fe Railway, via a branch line that extends from Belen, New Mexico to El Paso, Texas. Passenger service on this line was discontinued in 1968, due to low ridership numbers on the Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe Railway's (predecessor to the BNSF) El Pasoan train.
Bus transit
The city operates a small transit authority known as RoadRUNNER Transit. RoadRUNNER Transit operates a total of eight routes, and two Aggie routes running Mondays through Saturdays. There is no Sunday service. An adult fare (ages 19–59) is $1.00. Youth (ages 6–18), senior citizens (60+), people with disabilities, medicare holders, and students pay $0.50. Children age 5 and younger do not pay. The active fleet consists of three Nova Bus RTS (2000 model year) and 11 Gillig Advantage (2004 and 2008 model years) transit buses, all of which are long and wheelchair-accessible.
NMDOT Park and Ride's Gold Route connects Las Cruces to El Paso, Texas Monday through Friday during commute hours. The Silver Route connects Las Cruces to White Sands Missile Range. The fare for this service is $3.00.
Ztrans connects Las Cruces with Alamogordo.
Greyhound's Las Cruces stop is located in the nearby unincorporated community of Doña Ana. Buses departing Las Cruces serve El Paso, Amarillo, Denver, Albuquerque, Phoenix, Tucson, Los Angeles, and San Diego.
Utilities
The city of Las Cruces provides water, sewer, natural gas, and solid waste services, including recycling centers. El Paso Electric is the electricity provider, CenturyLink is the telephone land line provider, and Comcast is the cable TV provider.
Healthcare
Hospitals
Memorial Medical Center is a for-profit general hospital operated by LifePoint Hospitals Inc. The physical plant is owned by the City of Las Cruces and the County of Doña Ana, who signed a 40-year, $150 million lease in 2004 with Province HealthCare, since absorbed into LifePoint.
Prior to 2004 it was leased to and operated by the nonprofit Memorial Medical Center Inc.
The hospital is a licensed 286-bed acute care facility and is accredited by JCAHO. It offers a wide range of patient services.
The University of New Mexico Cancer Center-South opened in 2006 on the MMC campus. It is and has 9 exam rooms.
The original facility was called Memorial General Hospital and was opened in April 1950 at South Alameda Boulevard and Lohman Avenue after the city obtained a $250,000 federal grant. In 1971 the city and county joined to build a new hospital on South Telshor Boulevard. In 1990 it was renamed Memorial Medical Center.
MountainView Regional Medical Center is a for-profit general hospital operated by Community Health Systems (formerly Triad Hospitals). It opened for business in August 2002. It is a 168-bed facility with a wide range of patient services.
Mesilla Valley Hospital is a 125-bed private psychiatric hospital operated by Universal Health Services. It is an acute inpatient and residential facility offering a variety of treatments for behavioral health issues.
Rehabilitation Hospital of Southern New Mexico is a 40-bed rehabilitative care hospital, operated by Ernest Health Inc. It opened January 2005. It treats patients after they have been cared for at general hospitals for injuries or strokes.
Advanced Care Hospital of Southern New Mexico is a 20-bed long-term acute care facility operated by Ernest Health Inc. It opened in July 2007.
General clinics
Rio Grande Medical Group
Ben Archer Health Centers
La Clinica de Familia
Urgent care
Covenant Clinics
Las Cruces Urgent Care
Notable people
Richard Artschwager, painter and sculptor, grew up in Las Cruces
Anwar al-Awlaki, Alleged Al-Qaeda spokesman and regional leader, born in Las Cruces; killed by the U.S. government in 2011 for his alleged propaganda on behalf of Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula
Barnard Elliott Bee, Jr., career U.S. Army officer and a Confederate States Army general during the American Civil War; spent six years in Las Cruces prior to the war
Rich Beem, professional golfer who played high school and college golf at Las Cruces High School and New Mexico State University; winner of the 2002 PGA Championship
Joseph Benavidez, Mexican-American mixed martial arts fighter
Baxter Black, cowboy, poet, philosopher, former large-animal veterinarian, and radio commentator, who grew up in Las Cruces and attended New Mexico State University
Frank Borman, NASA astronaut and engineer, has a home and auto dealership in Las Cruces. Known for Gemini VII, a nearly 14 day low Earth orbital mission (1965) and Apollo 8, the first humans to leave low Earth orbit, reach and orbit the Moon, and return safely (1968)
William Bowers, Oscar-nominated screenwriter, born in Las Cruces
Randy Brown, professional basketball player for the Chicago Bulls while winning three NBA titles during 1996–98; previously played at New Mexico State University
Pamela Burford, novelist, born in Las Cruces
Edgar Castillo, Mexican-American association football player
Denise Chávez, author, playwright, and stage director
Steve Colter, professional basketball player in the NBA, played at New Mexico State University
John A.D. Cooper, physician and educator, first president of the Association of American Medical Colleges, grew up in Las Cruces
Sharon Douglas, actress, attended Las Cruces Union High School
Doug Eddings, Major League umpire, lives in Las Cruces
Albert Fall, U.S. Senator from New Mexico and U.S. Secretary of the Interior
Richard Farrer, South African–American soccer player, grew up in Las Cruces
Albert Jennings Fountain, lawyer, Indian fighter, and Republican politician in Texas and New Mexico whose disappearance remains a mystery
Chuck Franco, First Gentleman of New Mexico
Pat Garrett, Old West lawman who killed Billy the Kid
Mimi Reisel Gladstein, professor of English and Theatre Arts at the University of Texas at El Paso, specialist on authors Ayn Rand and John Steinbeck
Lou Henson, basketball coach who coached New Mexico State University and University of Illinois teams to the Final Four
Po James, running back who played four seasons for NFL's Philadelphia Eagles; played collegiately at New Mexico State University
Charley Johnson, NFL quarterback, professor of chemical engineering at his alma mater, New Mexico State University, resides in Las Cruces
Albert Johnson, first black mayor in New Mexico
Paul Wilbur Klipsch, engineer and high fidelity audio pioneer, known for developing the high-efficiency folded horn loudspeaker; graduated from New Mexico State University
Timothy Kraft, political consultant, 1980 campaign manager for Jimmy Carter, retired in Las Cruces
Kiki Lara, soccer player, born in Las Cruces
Delano Lewis, U.S. Ambassador to South Africa, president and CEO of National Public Radio, resides in Las Cruces
Kerry Locklin, football coach, most recently defensive line coach for NFL's New York Jets
Mireille Marokvia, French writer best known for two books about her ordeals during World War II in Nazi Germany; lived in Las Cruces later in life until her death in 2008
Mark Medoff, Tony Award-winning playwright of Children of a Lesser God
Rose Marie Pangborn, scientist, pioneer in the sensory analysis of food, born in Las Cruces
Bertha M. Paxton, first woman elected to the New Mexico Legislature
Lenny Pickett, the saxophonist and musical director of the Saturday Night Live band was born in Las Cruces
Buck Pierce, professional Canadian football quarterback who played for New Mexico State University; lives in Las Cruces during the off-season
Bashir Ramzy, long jumper in track and field, won a bronze medal in the 2007 Pan American Games; born in Las Cruces
Patricia Ryan, writer of romance, mystery and erotic novels; born in Las Cruces
Mai Shanley, beauty queen who was crowned Miss USA in 1984
Tom Smith, playwright and director, teaches at New Mexico State University, resides in Las Cruces
Clyde Tombaugh, astronomer, discovered Pluto, lived in Las Cruces until his death in 1997
Austin Trout, former WBA light-middleweight champion of the world, was born and fights out of Las Cruces
Prentiss Walker, member of the United States House of Representatives from Mississippi, lived part of his childhood in Las Cruces
Cora Witherspoon, stage and screen character actress, Las Cruces resident along with her sister, Maud Witherspoon
Fredd Young, four-time Pro Bowl football player for the Seattle Seahawks and the Indianapolis Colts; played for New Mexico State, lives in Las Cruces
See also
Las Cruces Police Department
Sister cities
Ciudad Lerdo, Durango, Mexico
Nienburg, Lower Saxony, Germany
Las Cruces Sister Cities Foundation is responsible for overseeing sister cities activities on behalf of the citizens of Las Cruces. The Foundation was created in 1989 to officially recognize a relationship that began in 1982 with exchanges between Dona Ana Community College and the Centro de Bachilleratio Technológico Industrial y de Servicios Numero 4 of Lerdo, Durango, Mexico. In 1993, a second partnership was established with Nienburg, Lower Saxony, Germany which grew from a school exchange between Mayfield High School and .
References
External links
City of Las Cruces official website
Las Cruces Convention and Visitors Bureau
Cities in Doña Ana County, New Mexico
County seats in New Mexico
New Mexico populated places on the Rio Grande
Cities in New Mexico | [
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125877 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesilla%2C%20New%20Mexico | Mesilla, New Mexico | Mesilla (also known as La Mesilla and Old Mesilla) is a town in Doña Ana County, New Mexico, United States. The population was 2,196 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Las Cruces Metropolitan Statistical Area.
During the Civil War, Mesilla briefly served as capital of the Confederate Territory of Arizona.
The Mesilla Plaza is a National Historic Landmark.
History
The village of Mesilla was incorporated in 1848, after the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo moved the U.S.–Mexico border south of the village of Doña Ana, placing it in the United States. A small group of citizens, unhappy at being part of the United States, decided to move south of the border. They settled in Mesilla at this time.
By 1850, Mesilla was an established colony. By this time, its people were under constant threat of attack from the Apache. By 1851, the attacks caused the United States to take action to protect its people just to the north of the border, in the Mesilla Valley. They did this by creating Fort Fillmore. As a result of the fort, the United States declared the Mesilla Valley region part of the United States. Mexico also claimed this strip of land, causing it to become known as "No Mans Land". This boundary dispute, which was officially caused by a map error, was resolved in 1853 with the Gadsden Purchase. Mesilla became a part of the United States, as well as the southern part of New Mexico and Arizona.
Two battles were fought at or in the town during the Civil War. Mesilla served as the capital of the Confederate Territory of Arizona in 1861–1862 and was known as the "hub", or main city for the entire region. Recaptured by the Volunteers of the California Column, it then became the headquarters of the Military District of Arizona until 1864.
During the "Wild West" era, Mesilla was known for its cantinas and festivals. The area attracted such figures as Billy the Kid, Pat Garrett and Pancho Villa. The village was also the crossroads of two major stagecoach, mail, and trade routes: the Butterfield Stagecoach and the Camino Real de Tierra Adentro. The village of Mesilla was the most important city of the region until 1881.
In 1881, the Santa Fe Railway was ready to build through the Gadsden Purchase region of the country. Mesilla was naturally seen as the city the railroad would run through. However, the people of Mesilla asked for too much money for the land rights, and a landowner in nearby Las Cruces, a much smaller village than Mesilla, stepped in and offered free land. The city of Mesilla has not grown much since, and Las Cruces has grown to a population of an estimated 101,000 people (2014) and is currently the second largest city in New Mexico.
La Mesilla Historic District, which includes Mesilla Plaza, was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1961.
The Fountain Theatre, except for 12 years, has been in operation since the early 1900s.
In 2008, the Roman Catholic parish church of San Albino was raised to the status of minor basilica by the Holy See.
The gazebo in the center of the plaza was torn down and rebuilt due to unnoticed structural problems that made the gazebo unsafe. Demolition started in October 2013 and rebuilding ending in May 2014 for the annual "Cinco de Mayo" celebration.
Geography
Mesilla is located near the geographic center of Doña Ana County at (32.272776, -106.800965). It is bordered to the northeast by the city of Las Cruces. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , all land. The Rio Grande passes through the western part of the town.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,180 people, 892 households, and 595 families residing in the town. The population density was 407.0 people per square mile (157.0/km). There were 981 housing units at an average density of 183.1 per square mile (70.7/km). The racial makeup of the town was 74.0% White, 0.2% African American, 1.0% Native American, 0.2% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 20.7% from other races, and 3.8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 52.2% of the population.
There were 892 households, out of which 26% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54% were married couples living together, 9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33% were non-families. 28% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.4 and the average family size was 3.0.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 22% under the age of 18, 8% from 18 to 24, 23% from 25 to 44, 29% from 45 to 64, and 17% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.7 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $42,275, and the median income for a family was $51,181. Males had a median income of $30,500 versus $25,000 for females. The per capita income for the town was $25,922. About 6% of families and 9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7% of those under age 18 and 6% of those age 65 or over.
Education
Las Cruces Public Schools operates Mesilla Elementary School.
References
External links
Towns in Doña Ana County, New Mexico
Towns in New Mexico
Butterfield Overland Mail in New Mexico Territory
San Antonio–San Diego Mail Line
New Mexico in the American Civil War
Populated places established in 1848
1848 establishments in the United States
American frontier
Stagecoach stops in the United States
New Mexico populated places on the Rio Grande | [
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|
125878 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesquite%2C%20New%20Mexico | Mesquite, New Mexico | Mesquite is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Doña Ana County, New Mexico, United States. The population was 1,112 at the 2010 census, up from 948 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Las Cruces Metropolitan Statistical Area.
History
Mesquite was established and named by executives of the Santa Fe Railroad after brush which grew profusely along the tracks. The persistent desert shrub had long been a feature of the landscape. In 1847 a military detachment left El Paso, Texas, on an expedition against the Apaches. Before leaving the saloon of El Paso, where "Pass Whiskey" was plentiful, they armed themselves with a supply. By the second day out, a portion of the party where so befuddled that they got lost in the jungle of mesquite that grew in the area. When they finally found their way back to the main body of troops, their Commander ordered them to make camp, confiscating the rest of their whiskey, and gave them the remainder of the day to sober up.
Geography
Mesquite is located in southeastern Doña Ana County at (32.162976, -106.693434). It is in the Mesilla Valley, on the east side of the Rio Grande. Interstate 10 passes just east of the CDP, with access from Exit 151. I-10 leads northwest to Las Cruces, the county seat, and southeast to El Paso, Texas.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the Mesquite CDP has a total area of , all land.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 948 people, 262 households, and 227 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 1,148.2 people per square mile (441.0/km2). There were 276 housing units at an average density of 334.3 per square mile (128.4/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 65.30% White, 0.42% African American, 0.84% Native American, 0.11% Asian, 29.01% from other races, and 4.32% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 94.83% of the population.
There were 262 households, out of which 54.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 65.3% were married couples living together, 16.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 13.0% were non-families. 9.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 3.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.62 and the average family size was 3.86.
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 38.1% under the age of 18, 13.4% from 18 to 24, 26.2% from 25 to 44, 14.9% from 45 to 64, and 7.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 24 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.6 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $21,875, and the median income for a family was $21,458. Males had a median income of $20,370 versus $15,577 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $7,129. About 38.4% of families and 43.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 49.7% of those under age 18 and 15.9% of those age 65 or over.
Education
The Gadsden Independent School District operates public schools, including Mesquite Elementary School, and the designated high schools would either be Gadsden High School or Alta Vista Early College High School.
References
Census-designated places in Doña Ana County, New Mexico
Census-designated places in New Mexico
New Mexico populated places on the Rio Grande | [
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|
125879 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radium%20Springs%2C%20New%20Mexico | Radium Springs, New Mexico | Radium Springs is a census-designated place (CDP) in Doña Ana County, New Mexico, United States. The population was 1,699 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Las Cruces Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Geography
Radium Springs is at the upstream end of the Mesilla Valley of the Rio Grande. According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 6.0 square miles (19.6 km), all land. It is also the location of an old hot springs and the old Fort Selden of the Indian Wars.
Demographics
As of the census of 2010, there were 1,699 people living in the CDP. The population density was 283 people per square mile (109/km). There were 689 housing units at an average density of 115 per square mile (44/km). The racial makeup of the CDP was 85.5% White, 0.5% African American, 0.9% Native American, 0.4% Asian, 10.9% from other races, and 1.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 52.8% of the population.
There were 635 households, out of which 32.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.3% were married couples living together, 12.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.6% were non-families. 19.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.68, and the average family size was 3.06.
In the CDP, the population's age was spread out, with 22.4% under the age of 15, 10.6% from 15 to 24, 21.99% from 25 to 44, 32.4% from 45 to 64, and 12.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.8 males. For every 100 females age 16 and over, there were 94.5 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $53,188, and the median income for a family was $66,250. Male full-time workers had a median income of $36,753, versus $30,829 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $20,497.
References
Census-designated places in Doña Ana County, New Mexico
Census-designated places in New Mexico
New Mexico populated places on the Rio Grande | [
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|
125880 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rincon%2C%20New%20Mexico | Rincon, New Mexico | Rincon is a census-designated place (CDP) in Doña Ana County, New Mexico, United States. As of the 2010 census, the CDP population was 271. It is part of the Las Cruces Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Geography
Rincon is located at (32.672457, -107.066132), adjacent to Hatch, in the valley of the Rio Grande.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , all land.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 220 people, 60 households, and 55 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 213.6 people per square mile (82.5/km). There were 65 housing units at an average density of 63.1 per square mile (24.4/km). The racial makeup of the CDP was 45.00% White, 2.73% Native American, 51.82% from other races, and 0.45% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 87.27% of the population.
There were 60 households, out of which 48.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 71.7% were married couples living together, 13.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 8.3% were non-families. 8.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.67 and the average family size was 3.76.
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 37.3% under the age of 18, 9.1% from 18 to 24, 22.7% from 25 to 44, 20.9% from 45 to 64, and 10.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females, there were 86.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.1 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $18,929, and the median income for a family was $18,068. Males had a median income of $15,972 versus $11,250 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $7,572. About 18.9% of families and 31.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 35.7% of those under the age of eighteen and 42.9% of those 65 or over.
Economy
Rincon is 33 miles north of Las Cruces, New Mexico, on Interstate 25, and approximately 20 miles south of Spaceport America,
a new purpose-built spaceport being built by the New Mexico Spaceport Authority with State and county funding.
Spaceport construction has generated some 800 temporary jobs on the site, but some Rincon residents have been skeptical that the spaceport will generate as many jobs in the long term as supporters claimed in the runup to public funding.
, one company, Virgin Galactic, plans to employ about 150 persons at the spaceport site.
References
Census-designated places in Doña Ana County, New Mexico
Census-designated places in New Mexico
New Mexico populated places on the Rio Grande | [
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|
125881 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salem%2C%20New%20Mexico | Salem, New Mexico | Salem is a census-designated place (CDP) in Doña Ana County, New Mexico, United States. The population was 942 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Las Cruces Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Geography
Salem is located at (32.709888, -107.212155).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , all land.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 795 people, 178 households, and 160 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 615.1 people per square mile (237.9/km). There were 199 housing units at an average density of 154.0 per square mile (59.6/km). The racial makeup of the CDP was 29.43% White, 0.50% African American, 1.38% Native American, 0.25% Asian, 64.53% from other races, and 3.90% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 94.09% of the population.
There were 178 households, out of which 67.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 70.8% were married couples living together, 9.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 10.1% were non-families. 7.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 4.47 and the average family size was 4.74.
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 46.9% under the age of 18, 10.9% from 18 to 24, 23.5% from 25 to 44, 13.2% from 45 to 64, and 5.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 19 years. For every 100 females, there were 116.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 107.9 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $14,934, and the median income for a family was $16,591. Males had a median income of $21,705 versus $12,292 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $7,405. About 49.3% of families and 53.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 57.9% of those under age 18 and 70.9% of those age 65 or over.
See also
List of census-designated places in New Mexico
References
External links
Census-designated places in Doña Ana County, New Mexico
Census-designated places in New Mexico | [
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|
125882 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa%20Teresa%2C%20New%20Mexico | Santa Teresa, New Mexico | Santa Teresa is a census-designated place (CDP) in Dona Ana County, New Mexico, United States. It is home to the Santa Teresa Port of Entry and is part of the Las Cruces Metropolitan Statistical Area, although geographically it is considerably closer to El Paso, Texas than to Las Cruces. While the United States Census Bureau has defined Santa Teresa as a CDP, the census definition of the area may not precisely correspond to local understanding of the area with the same name. The population was 4,258 at the 2010 census.
History
Residents filed a petition in 2015 seeking the incorporation of Santa Teresa as a city. The case has been appealed to the New Mexico Supreme Court by Sunland Park as they have proposed annexing the community.
The Santa Teresa Port of Entry appeared in the Better Call Saul episode "Fifi."
Geography
Santa Teresa is located at (31.853273, -106.641302). According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , all land.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,607 people, 952 households, and 755 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 238.0 people per square mile (91.9/km). There were 1,007 housing units at an average density of 91.9 per square mile (35.5/km). The racial makeup of the CDP was 82.09% White, 1.19% African American, 0.65% Native American, 0.38% Asian, 0.23% Pacific Islander, 13.04% from other races, and 2.42% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 55.58% of the population.
There were 952 households, out of which 40.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 68.0% were married couples living together, 8.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 20.6% were non-families. 17.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.74 and the average family size was 3.11.
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 27.8% under the age of 18, 6.0% from 18 to 24, 31.8% from 25 to 44, 22.6% from 45 to 64, and 11.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.5 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $61,500, and the median income for a family was $66,833. Males had a median income of $43,500 versus $30,326 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $24,561. About 2.2% of families and 1.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 0.7% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over.
Education
The Gadsden Independent School District operates public schools, including
Santa Teresa High School
Santa Teresa Middle School
Santa Teresa Elementary School
Infrastructure
Water is supplied by the Camino Real Regional Utility Authority.
The community is served by the Doña Ana County International Jetport.
See also
List of census-designated places in New Mexico
References
External links
Union Pacific Santa Teresa Intermodal Terminal
Census-designated places in Doña Ana County, New Mexico
Census-designated places in New Mexico
Populated places in Doña Ana County, New Mexico | [
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|
125883 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunland%20Park%2C%20New%20Mexico | Sunland Park, New Mexico | Sunland Park is a city in southern Doña Ana County, New Mexico, United States, on the borders of Texas and the Mexican state of Chihuahua, with Ciudad Juárez adjoining it on the south and El Paso, Texas on the east. The community of Santa Teresa adjoins it on the northwest. The population of Sunland Park was 14,106 at the 2010 census and was estimated at 17,978 by the United States Census Bureau in 2019. Though it lies adjacent to El Paso, being in Doña Ana County makes it a part of the Las Cruces metropolitan statistical area. Las Cruces is to the north.
The city is at the foot of Mount Cristo Rey, next to the Rio Grande, and is named for Sunland Park Racetrack & Casino, which lies within the city limits. The location was formerly called "Anapra", a name shared by an adjacent area of Ciudad Juárez.
History
Sunland Park was formed when the unincorporated communities of Anapra, Sunland Park, and Meadow Vista voted to incorporate as Sunland Park on July 13, 1983.
2012 extortion scandal
In February 2012, then-Mayor Pro Tem Daniel Salinas and City Manager Jaime Aguilera were arrested and charged with extortion of mayoral candidate Gerardo Hernandez. Salinas and Aguilera allegedly tried to blackmail Hernandez into withdrawing from the race with a videotape of Hernandez receiving a lap dance in his campaign office.
An election for mayor was held in March 2012, with Daniel Salinas winning the mayor's office, but he was denied taking office due to extortion, bribery, and election fraud charges filed against him, which disqualified him from taking an oath of office.
Border barrier
A private organization, named We Build The Wall built a 1/2 mile wall on at the border of Sunland Park and Mexico in 2019. Privately financed using a GoFundMe campaign, the wall was built on private property but the gate they constructed blocked access needed to maintain a federal dam. The barrier also blocked access to Monument One, an official marker of the International Boundary and Water Commission that was set where New Mexico, Texas and the Mexican state of Chihuahua converge.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, Sunland Park has a total area of , of which is land and , or 2.02%, is covered by water.
Demographics
As of the census of 2010, 14,267 people, 3,884 households, and 3,314 families resided in the city. The population density was 1,260.6 people per mi2 (486.6/km). The 4,131 housing units averaged 342.6 per mi2 (132.2/km). The racial makeup of the city was 76.00% White, 0.63% African American, 0.51% Native American, 0.2% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 26.02% from other races, and 2.76% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 96.44% of the population.
Of the 3,884 households, 44.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55% were married couples living together, 24% had a female householder with no husband present, and 11.5% were not families. About 12.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 3.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.63 and the average family size was 3.97.
In the city, the population was distributed as 37.5% under the age of 18, 11.9% from 20 to 24, 7.6% from 25 to 29, 6.6% from 45 to 64, and 7.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 28.8 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.4 males.
Government
On August 2, 2012, Javier Perea was reappointed as Mayor of Sunland Park. He began his official duties on April 18, 2012. At the urging of the State of New Mexico, the city conducted a search for the position of City Manager.
On December 17, 2013, Vernon Wilson was selected to fill the long-vacant position. He was a retired U.S. Army officer whose other government service included over 10 years as Manager of the nearby Dona Ana County International Jetport. His first day of employment was January 1, 2014.
Education
Sunland Park is served by the Gadsden Independent School District, which operates these schools located in the city:
Santa Teresa High School
Santa Teresa Middle School
Desert View Elementary School
Riverside Elementary School
Sunland Park Elementary School
Sunland Park also has a branch campus of Doña Ana Community College, a two-year college branch of New Mexico State University.
Infrastructure
Water is supplied by the Camino Real Regional Utility Authority.
Points of interest
Mt. Cristo Rey
Western Playland
Sunland Park Racetrack & Casino
References
Cities in Doña Ana County, New Mexico
Cities in New Mexico
New Mexico populated places on the Rio Grande
Mexico–United States border crossings | [
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|
125884 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University%20Park%2C%20New%20Mexico | University Park, New Mexico | University Park is a census-designated place (CDP) in Doña Ana County, New Mexico, United States. The population was 4,192 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Las Cruces Metropolitan Statistical Area.
The CDP is almost all of the area bounded by University Avenue, Interstate 10 and Interstate 25 and is thus very nearly coextensive with the Las Cruces campus of New Mexico State University.
Geography
University Park is located at (32.276861, -106.751408). It is surrounded by the city limits of Las Cruces, with the city center located to the north.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , all land.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,732 people, 417 households, and 351 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 1,741.2 people per square mile (671.9/km). There were 615 housing units at an average density of 392.0 per square mile (151.2/km). The racial makeup of the CDP was 66.69% White, 4.98% African American, 5.60% Native American, 5.67% Asian, 0.18% Pacific Islander, 12.48% from other races, and 4.39% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 37.15% of the population.
There were 417 households, out of which 64.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.8% were married couples living together, 24.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 15.8% were non-families. 12.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and none had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.82 and the average family size was 3.08.
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 16.5% under the age of 18, 63.2% from 18 to 24, 17.9% from 25 to 44, 2.3% from 45 to 64, and 0.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 20 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.3 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $13,045, and the median income for a family was $13,365. Males had a median income of $16,500 versus $18,750 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $4,152. About 56.4% of families and 53.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 56.5% of those under age 18 and 100.0% of those age 65 or over.
In 2010, University Park had the fourth-lowest median household income of all places in the United States with a population over 1,000.
References
Census-designated places in Doña Ana County, New Mexico
Census-designated places in New Mexico | [
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1.477676510810852,
0.3503373861312866,
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0.6191923022270203,
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0.5468790531158447,
0.03296392410993576,
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-0.7354239821434021,
0.21162328124046326,
0.11607149988412857,
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0.27398571372032166,
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0.052964258939027786,
-0.40620678663253784,
-0.3020331561565399,
0.5014824271202087,
0.2770859897136688
]
|
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