id
stringlengths 6
8
| url
stringlengths 31
167
| title
stringlengths 1
98
| text
stringlengths 26
185k
| embedding
list |
|---|---|---|---|---|
128277 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemby%20Bridge%2C%20North%20Carolina | Hemby Bridge, North Carolina | Hemby Bridge is a town in Union County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 1,520 at the 2010 Census.
Geography
Hemby Bridge is located at (35.104242, -80.628142).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , all of it land.
Demographics
2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 1,614 people, 618 households, and 492 families residing in the town.
2000 census
There were 341 households, out of which 31.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 69.2% were married couples living together, 7.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 19.6% were non-families. 15.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.63 and the average family size was 2.91. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 0.33% of the population.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 22.4% under the age of 18, 5.9% from 18 to 24, 35.2% from 25 to 44, 25.5% from 45 to 64, and 10.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.2 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $52,813, and the median income for a family was $50,000. Males had a median income of $32,404 versus $24,342 for females. The per capita income for the town was $28,046. About 10.6% of families and 8.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.8% of those under age 18 and 19.9% of those age 65 or over.
References
Towns in North Carolina
Towns in Union County, North Carolina | [
-0.6946176886558533,
0.6703821420669556,
0.28412845730781555,
-0.3564999997615814,
0.4142264425754547,
0.4300406873226166,
0.6726424694061279,
0.5042023658752441,
-0.8330637812614441,
-0.39994969964027405,
0.03293658420443535,
0.05708944424986839,
-0.7258027195930481,
0.8808645009994507,
-1.1195837259292603,
0.4432480037212372,
0.13703034818172455,
0.6116012930870056,
0.049527671188116074,
-1.1011106967926025,
0.042583368718624115,
-0.33503347635269165,
0.12873366475105286,
0.3505004644393921,
0.10316728055477142,
0.39430734515190125,
0.31635943055152893,
-0.32413622736930847,
-0.013640512712299824,
-0.02008270099759102,
-0.002095424570143223,
0.47451168298721313,
-0.3670406937599182,
0.1335345208644867,
-0.1359909474849701,
-0.41498225927352905,
-0.07686635106801987,
-0.06046874448657036,
0.5206349492073059,
-0.40465739369392395,
-0.5493115186691284,
0.06479807198047638,
-0.44922709465026855,
0.24125279486179352,
0.27980777621269226,
-0.6999318599700928,
-1.2260079383850098,
0.45342978835105896,
-1.1431125402450562,
-1.1170285940170288,
-0.8246586322784424,
0.09963666647672653,
-0.1787334680557251,
0.8600625991821289,
0.47900667786598206,
-0.07022862136363983,
-0.15385502576828003,
0.34419548511505127,
1.173433780670166,
0.7313928604125977,
0.27974820137023926,
0.4893551170825958,
0.256063312292099,
0.14556467533111572,
-0.09310151636600494,
-0.1751522421836853,
-0.16650739312171936,
0.7940362691879272,
0.12366293370723724,
-0.514413595199585,
-0.10082964599132538,
0.18276545405387878,
0.21026283502578735,
0.19019058346748352,
0.1454247087240219,
0.46128323674201965,
0.007469585631042719,
0.14767426252365112,
0.3192066550254822,
-0.35626134276390076,
0.42600318789482117,
0.11347697675228119,
0.6329070329666138,
-0.0059167188592255116,
0.3884405195713043,
0.518842875957489,
-1.1916621923446655,
0.3427562713623047,
-0.1183372512459755,
0.22511115670204163,
-0.5265331268310547,
0.029953040182590485,
-0.3802432417869568,
0.05889006704092026,
-0.28427475690841675,
0.33757418394088745,
-0.10357042402029037,
0.2995913028717041,
0.08387041091918945,
0.8468036651611328,
-0.25093117356300354,
0.3631230890750885,
1.445148229598999,
-0.1636236608028412,
0.2892727851867676,
-0.20154647529125214,
-0.9515568614006042,
-0.14455246925354004,
-0.27087992429733276,
-0.9902854561805725,
-0.6884447336196899,
0.34214434027671814,
-0.38852250576019287,
-0.6140232086181641,
-0.05884521082043648,
0.993442714214325,
0.5468369126319885,
-0.5451515913009644,
0.006448478903621435,
0.024167805910110474,
0.08081761747598648,
0.6526066660881042,
-0.5056046843528748,
0.4809145927429199,
0.05920206382870674,
0.41083797812461853,
0.04677709937095642,
0.022392943501472473,
-0.18375976383686066,
1.2289727926254272,
-0.17494557797908783,
0.6512628197669983,
0.19833658635616302,
0.25577354431152344,
-0.10733332484960556,
0.027238240465521812,
0.0945177897810936,
0.4198160767555237,
0.28284215927124023,
-0.12425880134105682,
-0.9191300272941589,
-0.3439512550830841,
-0.8086507320404053,
-0.18839143216609955,
0.061555005609989166,
0.10200852900743484,
-0.12176425755023956,
-0.2916398346424103,
0.3340781629085541,
0.6117365956306458,
0.31014156341552734,
0.08529844135046005,
0.5804505944252014,
0.6603536605834961,
-0.4945726692676544,
0.33362045884132385,
0.5868741273880005,
0.14493246376514435,
0.3513305187225342,
0.5112627148628235,
0.10128738731145859,
0.5215829610824585,
0.6906299591064453,
0.19536617398262024,
0.3641825318336487,
0.169713094830513,
0.8180941343307495,
-0.4505486786365509,
0.16159267723560333,
0.160910964012146,
-0.535240113735199,
0.441815584897995,
0.6857002973556519,
-0.6988866925239563,
0.6757930517196655,
-0.22880563139915466,
1.3760772943496704,
0.09211079776287079,
0.16633571684360504,
-0.07512723654508591,
-0.9248295426368713,
0.0577288493514061,
0.9993277788162231,
0.09190201014280319,
-0.6149760484695435,
0.497300386428833,
0.45300373435020447,
-0.3380889594554901,
-0.7428451776504517,
-0.5245910882949829,
-0.08421929180622101,
-0.4672728180885315,
0.6777249574661255,
-0.09293576329946518,
0.7260628938674927,
0.4484608471393585,
-0.172055184841156,
0.459298312664032,
-0.5055282115936279,
0.05039573088288307,
0.2323884516954422,
-0.4119512736797333,
0.5040790438652039,
-0.7355824112892151,
-0.4375394880771637,
1.0591025352478027,
0.5012640357017517,
-0.3550097346305847,
-0.017021724954247475,
-0.009273389354348183,
0.2797015309333801,
-1.1483410596847534,
-0.08609262853860855,
0.9193686246871948,
-0.32876643538475037,
-0.5241113901138306,
-0.11843161284923553,
-0.041752420365810394,
0.2869606614112854,
-0.38461852073669434,
0.5110767483711243,
0.1467682421207428,
0.058660805225372314,
-0.5580734610557556,
-0.2820127606391907,
0.8204680681228638,
0.20742005109786987,
0.5188791155815125,
-0.5910862684249878,
-0.12067682296037674,
0.3181174397468567,
0.13977421820163727,
0.3399581015110016,
-0.6741905212402344,
0.0742233619093895,
-0.4762670695781708,
-0.5616632103919983,
-0.7650112509727478,
0.5942900776863098,
-0.6907187700271606,
-0.33270931243896484,
0.6384968161582947,
-1.152382493019104,
0.10652974992990494,
0.20312412083148956,
0.2667807638645172,
-0.0716470256447792,
-0.3009200394153595,
0.15375497937202454,
-0.920799195766449,
0.38019219040870667,
0.3354162871837616,
0.6065228581428528,
-0.3329768478870392,
-0.062423307448625565,
-0.07893621921539307,
-0.34708863496780396,
0.5523434281349182,
0.10227928310632706,
0.11851692199707031,
-0.07050255686044693,
0.2683909237384796,
-0.21500833332538605,
-0.10389099270105362,
0.08776398748159409,
-0.9093742370605469,
-0.9366832375526428,
-0.3084556758403778,
-0.16628456115722656,
0.10081097483634949,
0.606948971748352,
-0.839231550693512,
0.2268522083759308,
-0.24035079777240753,
0.6242935657501221,
0.39458271861076355,
0.17585605382919312,
-0.25963833928108215,
-1.2841863632202148,
-0.10851377993822098,
0.008970042690634727,
1.4396861791610718,
0.001601447002030909,
-0.369788259267807,
0.29477643966674805,
-0.7402212023735046,
1.0901644229888916,
-0.16636922955513,
-0.29038703441619873,
-0.2522067129611969,
0.09495656937360764,
0.17033399641513824,
-0.09390995651483536,
0.8595064282417297,
-0.017497466877102852,
0.22273188829421997,
-0.0898004099726677,
-0.28581002354621887,
0.11659733206033707,
-0.2139311134815216,
-0.42145535349845886,
0.6615588665008545,
-0.524956226348877,
0.37210267782211304,
0.06897368282079697,
-0.6464559435844421,
0.18929992616176605,
-0.2805801033973694,
-4.244896411895752,
0.4911772608757019,
0.1521298885345459,
-0.23476453125476837,
0.4071420133113861,
-0.32356926798820496,
0.5406819581985474,
-0.0423307828605175,
-0.08010823279619217,
0.6788437962532043,
0.3961668312549591,
-0.46531766653060913,
0.35851484537124634,
0.30602630972862244,
0.737885057926178,
0.5602232217788696,
0.887660026550293,
-0.1844341903924942,
0.6142327785491943,
-0.041625868529081345,
-0.8057156801223755,
-0.10701441764831543,
-0.12339289486408234,
-0.403456449508667,
0.39652642607688904,
0.38771578669548035,
0.015146568417549133,
-0.3656749129295349,
-0.5222597122192383,
0.2913251519203186,
0.43939635157585144,
-0.01057385466992855,
-0.2870446741580963,
-0.3570331037044525,
-0.2900150716304779,
-0.39330726861953735,
-0.041823599487543106,
0.1661604344844818,
0.13157831132411957,
-0.6538878083229065,
0.32309961318969727,
0.7797591090202332,
-0.7603813409805298,
-0.6579263210296631,
0.9011229276657104,
-0.4950820505619049,
-0.5194366574287415,
-0.002047118032351136,
0.24754266440868378,
1.1766202449798584,
0.11215773969888687,
-0.22262141108512878,
1.3733570575714111,
-0.2465706765651703,
0.6580237150192261,
-0.1952039897441864,
0.6127623319625854,
-0.18865899741649628,
-0.13372251391410828,
0.7434785962104797,
0.22272953391075134,
-0.7633520364761353,
0.008942428044974804,
-0.030881419777870178,
-0.12289013713598251,
-0.7350189685821533,
0.35706329345703125,
0.5050073266029358,
0.2988695204257965,
-0.19837665557861328,
0.3808954656124115,
0.6410146355628967,
-0.08323501795530319,
-0.5517978668212891,
0.2285701036453247,
-0.7166092395782471,
-0.2912560701370239,
-0.07993882149457932,
-0.7868940234184265,
-0.34417465329170227,
0.1817510724067688,
0.1730409860610962,
0.27300336956977844,
0.659328818321228,
0.44573765993118286,
-0.31784355640411377,
-0.1353496015071869,
0.10802004486322403,
-0.6551615595817566,
-0.6894378662109375,
0.2811298072338104,
0.19911935925483704,
0.11641263216733932,
0.05958546698093414,
-0.13896577060222626,
0.5379066467285156,
0.10718171298503876,
0.37399423122406006,
-0.18349935114383698,
-0.693272054195404,
0.5232642292976379,
-0.6381329894065857,
0.09628962725400925,
-0.49057725071907043,
-0.31857970356941223,
-0.18655997514724731,
0.011895288713276386,
0.3060951232910156,
0.39440229535102844,
-0.4664344787597656,
-0.7604536414146423,
-0.058699604123830795,
-0.23553289473056793,
-0.1970353126525879,
0.42855963110923767,
-0.6532196998596191,
0.21286404132843018,
0.7623417377471924,
0.1269408017396927,
0.023152222856879234,
0.24067825078964233,
0.3852286636829376,
-0.1467886120080948,
-0.6278642416000366,
-0.4143977165222168,
-0.38204336166381836,
1.0355602502822876,
0.054564304649829865,
-0.989737331867218,
0.40877243876457214,
-0.6418588757514954,
0.38475698232650757,
-0.9236840009689331,
-0.42687082290649414,
-0.4177383780479431,
-0.6148160696029663,
-0.47690725326538086,
-0.60112065076828,
-0.11399377882480621,
0.519839882850647,
0.5606665015220642,
-0.19277137517929077,
-0.8670864701271057,
-0.02210184931755066,
-0.06762542575597763,
0.3909694254398346,
0.5683327913284302,
0.6140075922012329,
-1.4635825157165527,
0.7056965827941895,
-0.8796929717063904,
-1.014849066734314,
-0.4510221481323242,
-1.1622679233551025,
0.5031790137290955,
-0.31642040610313416,
0.5323211550712585,
0.2969192564487457,
0.5726997256278992,
-0.5014018416404724,
0.11006920039653778,
0.21179743111133575,
-0.532294750213623,
1.136993169784546,
-0.4147448241710663,
-0.01531648263335228,
-0.25538885593414307,
0.17875759303569794,
-1.0338468551635742,
0.09590001404285431,
0.6442816257476807,
-0.45248186588287354,
-0.5950578451156616,
-0.4743955135345459,
0.392997682094574,
0.14887532591819763,
-0.06881842762231827,
0.3192528486251831,
-0.01190866157412529,
-0.06301611661911011,
-0.4851401448249817,
0.4011370837688446,
-0.626447319984436,
-0.1347389817237854,
0.2259989231824875,
-0.6168137788772583,
-0.15262286365032196,
-0.3840828537940979,
-0.14611183106899261,
-0.32572469115257263,
0.4788508713245392,
-0.37954702973365784,
0.38235872983932495,
0.17249438166618347,
-0.07304579764604568,
-0.7877869606018066,
0.700226902961731,
-0.76686030626297,
-0.19287556409835815,
-0.8241292238235474,
0.6222972273826599,
0.6811084151268005,
-0.09802841395139694,
0.7977101802825928,
0.011851923540234566,
-1.6257036924362183,
0.35048723220825195,
0.6921365261077881,
-0.914323091506958,
1.5704262256622314,
-0.15178753435611725,
-0.8781260848045349,
0.5001459121704102,
0.2828608453273773,
-0.4813433587551117,
-0.2963564097881317,
0.7571132183074951,
0.11501561850309372,
-0.3034200668334961,
0.07698094844818115,
-0.7196978330612183,
-0.22815895080566406,
0.2072201669216156,
-0.6355816125869751,
-0.8275781869888306,
0.3439117670059204,
0.4888054132461548,
-0.4346705377101898,
1.4558629989624023,
-0.9937361478805542,
-0.20307095348834991,
-0.20139765739440918,
0.08615336567163467,
0.3213302493095398,
0.04038097336888313,
-0.005470772739499807,
-0.3947898745536804,
-0.7423757314682007,
0.1021113246679306,
-0.15467171370983124,
0.5687202215194702,
0.8252325654029846,
0.42135995626449585,
-0.5921066403388977,
-0.34088006615638733,
-0.4299410879611969,
0.9154243469238281,
0.1684236228466034,
-0.8103928565979004,
0.590235710144043,
0.621088981628418,
-0.47264423966407776,
-0.9360052347183228,
0.27846619486808777,
1.3706438541412354,
-0.21460215747356415,
0.0463445670902729,
0.47791042923927307,
0.19263504445552826,
0.032495077699422836,
0.17329242825508118,
0.021523501724004745,
-0.1962926685810089,
-0.03987128660082817,
0.451036274433136,
-0.6074798703193665,
-0.1435241401195526,
0.013892880640923977,
0.6607691645622253,
0.06046145036816597,
-0.8694908618927002,
-0.5430636405944824,
0.050701066851615906,
0.3222815692424774,
-0.8554046750068665,
0.17780771851539612,
0.17264896631240845,
-0.9857384562492371,
0.24178704619407654,
0.3994193375110626,
-0.3849712014198303,
-0.47153884172439575,
-0.026998890563845634,
-0.2667735517024994,
0.22766508162021637,
-0.828264057636261,
0.14192922413349152,
0.24685490131378174,
-0.24685552716255188,
-0.06941825896501541,
-0.4676383435726166,
0.45525670051574707,
-0.08565521240234375,
-0.20609533786773682,
0.013081747107207775,
0.5434808731079102,
-0.4716796576976776,
0.8209877610206604,
0.11206457018852234,
0.19049106538295746,
-1.6039906740188599,
0.5711025595664978,
-0.7191253304481506,
-0.6061330437660217,
0.5382030606269836,
-0.24915330111980438,
-0.8250080347061157,
-0.3076213300228119,
0.34735575318336487,
0.4367883801460266,
-0.03870352357625961,
-0.09036190807819366,
0.5171435475349426,
1.1422251462936401,
-0.008363389410078526,
-0.12409275025129318,
0.8128273487091064,
-0.5525944232940674,
-0.5091190338134766,
0.33479851484298706,
-0.1739092320203781,
0.33373337984085083,
0.7225011587142944,
0.8874892592430115,
-0.11607132107019424,
1.4692299365997314,
-0.013406544923782349,
0.17012333869934082,
-0.7059046030044556,
-0.09359890222549438,
0.013609391637146473,
-1.1288642883300781,
-0.8393822908401489,
0.6725281476974487,
-0.309979647397995,
-0.1735565960407257,
-0.41351011395454407,
-0.34725522994995117,
-0.6797850728034973,
0.6720086336135864,
-0.38600462675094604,
-0.03204914182424545,
0.2586076259613037,
-0.11796828359365463,
-0.32299548387527466,
-0.43985438346862793,
-0.355360746383667,
0.4022946059703827,
0.3813120722770691,
-0.6440098881721497,
-0.11461871862411499,
0.08325736224651337,
0.05162174627184868,
-0.7968156933784485,
-0.7348082661628723,
-0.046357594430446625,
0.4943946301937103,
-0.2517440915107727,
-1.0866107940673828,
-0.7142617106437683,
0.24183805286884308,
-0.388361394405365,
0.6584605574607849,
-0.09892060607671738,
-0.03658493980765343,
-0.2556033730506897,
0.6959190964698792,
0.3592248558998108,
-0.4187122583389282,
0.9814059138298035,
0.25152459740638733,
-0.06210707500576973,
0.30778825283050537,
0.7728189826011658,
0.05637796223163605,
0.1985010951757431,
-0.3355858027935028,
0.42824220657348633,
-0.14592245221138,
-0.2774035930633545,
0.10316065698862076,
-0.33144694566726685,
-0.2610173225402832,
-0.7564821243286133,
-0.16911178827285767,
-0.30055493116378784,
-0.25593334436416626,
0.3776906728744507,
0.15789580345153809,
-0.33218666911125183,
0.2801295816898346,
0.07001209259033203,
-0.5514683127403259,
0.4445944130420685,
-0.2375853806734085,
-0.4085981845855713,
0.6785860657691956,
0.5633971691131592,
0.1818217933177948,
0.3851626515388489,
0.3462883234024048,
0.16644275188446045,
-0.24710959196090698,
0.041241779923439026,
0.2159847766160965,
0.3515619933605194,
-0.5993503332138062,
1.2375086545944214,
-0.8102236986160278,
0.7419710159301758,
0.15610241889953613,
0.806098997592926,
0.15530726313591003,
0.9543464779853821,
-0.3530627489089966,
-0.2506422996520996,
0.3873094618320465,
-0.23870868980884552,
-0.6880813241004944,
0.09345223009586334,
0.060051992535591125,
-0.2546001672744751,
0.11932935565710068,
0.3402096629142761,
-0.169335275888443,
0.050309184938669205,
-0.32302045822143555,
-0.2966983914375305,
-0.4569017291069031,
0.1282581239938736,
0.021513815969228745,
-1.092689037322998,
0.11470742523670197,
-0.1814836859703064,
-0.12759533524513245,
0.024125393480062485,
-0.35088393092155457,
1.2536245584487915,
0.5611557960510254,
-0.7298167943954468,
-0.18377739191055298,
-0.4315463900566101,
0.028884585946798325,
0.17642776668071747,
-0.8197316527366638,
-0.0372965969145298,
-0.3837350308895111,
-0.5593446493148804,
-0.14411139488220215,
0.5122540593147278,
-0.3145003318786621,
-0.9221045970916748,
0.3100336492061615,
-0.3577272891998291,
0.2660166025161743,
0.1386193335056305,
-0.055217280983924866,
-0.3953366279602051,
0.32810795307159424,
0.03001895174384117
]
|
128278 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian%20Trail%2C%20North%20Carolina | Indian Trail, North Carolina | Indian Trail is a suburban town in Union County, North Carolina, United States. Founded on March 12, 1861, the town holds a history of traders traveling along the "Indian Trail," which ran from Petersburg, Virginia, to the Waxhaw Indians and gold mining areas. Indian Trail was first a farming community; however, German and Scot-Irish and Irish settlers began to move into the area due to its geographical location. In 1874, the Seaboard Coast Line Railroad was built between the cities Charlotte, North Carolina and Monroe, North Carolina. The railroad, which runs through the town, brought prosperity to the area. Indian Trail was incorporated as a town in 1907, with established city limits based upon a one-half mile radius from the intersection of Indian Trail Road and the Seaboard Railroad. Indian Trail has grown rapidly in the 21st century β Indian Trail's census count jumped from 1,942 in 1990 to 39,997 in 2020. Every Fourth of July the town holds an annual parade which is one of the biggest parades in the Charlotte metropolitan area.
Geography
Indian Trail is located at (35.076944, -80.669167).
Located in the southern portion of the Piedmont region of North Carolina, Indian Trail is a rapidly growing suburb approximately 10 miles southeast of Charlotte in Union County. Indian Trail is located in the northwestern portion of Union County, which is among the 10 fastest-growing counties in the United States. It is bordered by seven other municipalities, in addition to unincorporated portions of Union County. Its proximity to Charlotte and the regional transportation network it enjoys should continue to generate growth and development within its boundaries.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which, of it is land and of it (0.26%) is water.
Demographics
2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 39,997 people, 12,743 households, and 10,210 families residing in the town.
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 33,518 people, 11,121 households, and 9,060 families in the town. The population density was 1,545.4 people per square mile. The racial makeup of the town was 81.00% White, 10.0% African American, 0.5% Native American, 1.8% Asian, 0.0% Pacific Islander, 4.4% from other races, and 2.3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 10.9% of the population.
Of the 11,121 households 48.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 66.1% were married couples living together, 10.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 18.5% were non-families. 18.5% of households were one person and 4.1% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 3.01 and the average family size was 3.35.
The age distribution was 18.9% under 10 years, 15.9% from 10 to 19, 9.6% from 20 to 29, 17.7% from 30 to 39, 17.3% from 40 to 49, 9.9% from 50 to 59, 6.6% from 60 to 69, 2.9% from 70 to 79, and 1.1% who were 80 years of age or older. The median age was 33.7 years. Females make up 50.9% of the population.
The median household income was $66,333. The per capita income for the town was $26,096. About 6.3% of the population is below the poverty line.
Notable industries
RSC Brands
Notable residents
Sam Howell
Trey Farley
References
External links
Official website of Indian Trail, NC
CNN Article about Indian Trail: "Making a home in one of North Carolina's fastest-growing places" by Jamie Gumbrecht (June 9, 2011)
Towns in North Carolina
Towns in Union County, North Carolina
Populated places established in 1861
1861 establishments in North Carolina | [
-0.2378741353750229,
0.3583219051361084,
-0.33967700600624084,
-0.1306055188179016,
0.6865668892860413,
0.08130744844675064,
0.9196736812591553,
0.49936699867248535,
-0.11366432160139084,
-0.6173178553581238,
-0.35981374979019165,
-0.21455612778663635,
-0.481544554233551,
0.6980819702148438,
-0.8428978323936462,
0.5848742127418518,
0.25460073351860046,
0.6099834442138672,
0.11442048102617264,
-0.7265387177467346,
-0.1784675419330597,
-0.2403433620929718,
-0.09052865952253342,
0.7122571468353271,
0.035100534558296204,
0.5091785788536072,
0.5389982461929321,
-0.5173792839050293,
-0.29570063948631287,
0.3073262870311737,
-0.10833410918712616,
0.16128361225128174,
-0.11950232833623886,
-0.1951899379491806,
0.4582354426383972,
-0.3408956229686737,
-0.16457432508468628,
-0.15992678701877594,
0.022458847612142563,
-0.09666711837053299,
-0.6075539588928223,
0.1297025978565216,
-0.2762521207332611,
0.41108280420303345,
0.1345227062702179,
-0.20903655886650085,
-1.2206840515136719,
0.24262045323848724,
-0.6523314118385315,
-0.7137383222579956,
-0.7162084579467773,
0.17111045122146606,
0.12778376042842865,
0.8087857365608215,
0.43677520751953125,
-0.0797228217124939,
-0.3581882119178772,
0.17574170231819153,
0.8152621388435364,
0.3226766288280487,
0.0002482917916495353,
0.733752429485321,
-0.04652164503931999,
0.16551755368709564,
-0.2024286389350891,
0.13533945381641388,
-0.029155520722270012,
0.8441179990768433,
0.11729712784290314,
-0.21613968908786774,
0.2394881695508957,
-0.017598623409867287,
0.08591189980506897,
0.4240160286426544,
0.09544466435909271,
0.24217186868190765,
-0.12141595780849457,
0.36763796210289,
-0.21178653836250305,
0.3694271147251129,
0.06283244490623474,
0.32698604464530945,
0.5936160683631897,
-0.12948857247829437,
0.12137823551893234,
0.7942152619361877,
-0.43012741208076477,
0.26569172739982605,
0.18195876479148865,
0.34487003087997437,
-0.8838076591491699,
-0.17719365656375885,
-0.4665144383907318,
-0.01281084306538105,
-0.23128369450569153,
0.07223225384950638,
-0.3574257493019104,
0.055229127407073975,
0.09995009005069733,
0.4876435399055481,
-0.7234268188476562,
0.31443771719932556,
1.2394189834594727,
-0.029947947710752487,
-0.33024129271507263,
-0.23723196983337402,
-0.5793548226356506,
-0.0532798133790493,
-0.10609317570924759,
-0.2814037799835205,
-0.6613096594810486,
0.4063994288444519,
0.23439709842205048,
-0.7419801950454712,
-0.1023707464337349,
0.6936832666397095,
0.06919281929731369,
-0.4158930778503418,
-0.19561846554279327,
-0.2055804431438446,
0.13825741410255432,
0.5841975212097168,
-0.19260092079639435,
0.3608814477920532,
0.08282891660928726,
0.8087722659111023,
0.57295823097229,
-0.19837674498558044,
-0.19244179129600525,
0.4276871979236603,
-0.3675572872161865,
0.5449836850166321,
0.0423087552189827,
0.30055543780326843,
0.06890367716550827,
-0.2717796862125397,
0.11252030730247498,
0.5531706213951111,
0.7841935753822327,
-0.3899611532688141,
-0.9454402923583984,
-0.3050934672355652,
-0.05491478741168976,
-0.2787117660045624,
0.04628780484199524,
-0.17168961465358734,
-0.5538228750228882,
-0.3483690023422241,
0.30988970398902893,
0.042206596583127975,
-0.07317838817834854,
-0.17865556478500366,
0.6577802896499634,
0.1692969650030136,
-0.3818275034427643,
0.27307337522506714,
0.4887233376502991,
-0.03472743555903435,
0.4785093367099762,
0.15193623304367065,
0.12277479469776154,
0.7731235027313232,
0.9518408179283142,
0.12214092910289764,
0.4049198031425476,
0.3619178533554077,
0.6309839487075806,
-0.5788031816482544,
0.3597515821456909,
0.13239966332912445,
-0.1611906886100769,
0.29051274061203003,
0.27288463711738586,
-0.20866765081882477,
0.32551512122154236,
-0.5046467185020447,
0.33606192469596863,
0.3034195005893707,
-0.10356726497411728,
0.016334611922502518,
-0.8117363452911377,
0.26924195885658264,
0.23666086792945862,
-0.04837627336382866,
-0.7918756604194641,
0.057315096259117126,
0.32100605964660645,
-0.32299357652664185,
-0.5769420862197876,
-0.5177221298217773,
-0.17715425789356232,
-0.17777076363563538,
0.5196045637130737,
-0.5818737149238586,
1.2434852123260498,
0.362517386674881,
-0.4755876064300537,
0.6226855516433716,
-0.12615762650966644,
0.232930988073349,
0.28669455647468567,
-0.35062190890312195,
0.5408872961997986,
-0.5270876288414001,
-0.2489675134420395,
0.4655097424983978,
0.21565961837768555,
-0.03451360762119293,
0.36524498462677,
-0.1743333339691162,
-0.015416252426803112,
-0.6884411573410034,
0.07172593474388123,
1.0385171175003052,
-0.2823440134525299,
-0.39006778597831726,
0.2192109376192093,
-0.11694178730249405,
0.6752271056175232,
-0.7623081207275391,
0.3287207782268524,
-0.19742509722709656,
0.038175102323293686,
-0.1470402628183365,
-0.4809865951538086,
0.6761207580566406,
0.1503736525774002,
0.09172585606575012,
0.3084440529346466,
0.15112456679344177,
-0.01006591971963644,
0.03965001180768013,
0.21381035447120667,
-0.574622392654419,
0.5051721930503845,
-0.7982774376869202,
-0.1937023252248764,
-0.8704628348350525,
0.45093676447868347,
-0.1818063110113144,
-0.13784858584403992,
0.48076292872428894,
-1.025261402130127,
-0.11372605711221695,
0.21723999083042145,
-0.03836311772465706,
0.02837616577744484,
-0.3874977231025696,
0.18065713346004486,
-0.2815842926502228,
0.0802406296133995,
0.43670421838760376,
0.4059603214263916,
-0.1340048760175705,
-0.31590038537979126,
-0.03410523757338524,
-0.3136861324310303,
0.1133507490158081,
0.63897305727005,
0.10322745889425278,
0.10135103017091751,
0.59876549243927,
-0.6186343431472778,
0.36570459604263306,
0.02432175725698471,
-0.7088611721992493,
-0.4557751715183258,
-0.16895221173763275,
0.2398698776960373,
0.7974414825439453,
1.1144461631774902,
-0.13266180455684662,
0.15523868799209595,
0.06435924023389816,
0.5797733068466187,
0.08044136315584183,
-0.03379977121949196,
0.1731971949338913,
-0.6133722066879272,
-0.213028222322464,
0.2265457957983017,
0.8721799254417419,
-0.11650235950946808,
-0.24688337743282318,
0.11578638106584549,
-0.5592218637466431,
0.6637498736381531,
-0.028577610850334167,
-0.6010122299194336,
0.28457972407341003,
0.1640802025794983,
0.1771584302186966,
-0.3596549332141876,
0.918635368347168,
0.09997644275426865,
0.09384848922491074,
0.25957101583480835,
-0.02358262427151203,
0.5900139808654785,
-0.6515104174613953,
-0.5014005899429321,
0.34325936436653137,
-0.4697560667991638,
0.44118842482566833,
0.02520551159977913,
-0.5734935998916626,
0.02557397447526455,
-0.4658292829990387,
-5.298036575317383,
0.3005518317222595,
-0.23870356380939484,
-0.11049283295869827,
0.3027069568634033,
-0.30981385707855225,
0.49162986874580383,
-0.2575063109397888,
-0.09173744916915894,
0.9197615385055542,
-0.031167980283498764,
-0.17330431938171387,
0.06867073476314545,
0.2136142998933792,
0.41965845227241516,
0.22579748928546906,
0.54524827003479,
0.13298697769641876,
0.3170354962348938,
0.13731887936592102,
-0.2915470600128174,
0.3782849609851837,
-0.019741883501410484,
-0.15200789272785187,
0.07007241249084473,
0.5588169693946838,
-0.640475869178772,
-0.4224218428134918,
-0.41839170455932617,
-0.4877607226371765,
0.6790598034858704,
-0.2779862880706787,
-0.4772675037384033,
-0.29819256067276,
-0.10873561352491379,
-0.5392458438873291,
0.10640185326337814,
-0.14735662937164307,
0.07501189410686493,
-0.13416403532028198,
0.19658637046813965,
0.18259631097316742,
-0.2558668255805969,
-0.3538277745246887,
0.7680662274360657,
-0.2540298104286194,
-0.2693836987018585,
-0.38776543736457825,
0.5706343650817871,
0.6951293349266052,
-0.28080716729164124,
0.13402216136455536,
0.9612154960632324,
-0.03083857148885727,
0.5669783353805542,
-0.1786387711763382,
0.6286566853523254,
-0.07439272105693817,
-0.320222407579422,
0.9865787029266357,
0.3145733177661896,
-0.6869062185287476,
-0.20893219113349915,
0.004028161987662315,
0.2749714255332947,
-0.36301755905151367,
0.10348911583423615,
-0.15493273735046387,
0.43846794962882996,
-0.3186272084712982,
0.2750449478626251,
0.08194071054458618,
-0.2762846052646637,
-0.7313969731330872,
0.5699268579483032,
-0.7676624059677124,
-0.6070117354393005,
-0.12180275470018387,
-0.8461431264877319,
-0.2313622087240219,
0.2371385544538498,
0.4038817286491394,
0.4642286002635956,
0.1923675686120987,
0.051136430352926254,
-0.17503097653388977,
-0.18960078060626984,
-0.10025150328874588,
-0.6177657842636108,
-0.4221293330192566,
0.4686138331890106,
0.33985021710395813,
0.3602955639362335,
-0.12045541405677795,
0.08464401960372925,
0.09817560017108917,
0.16655658185482025,
0.17968885600566864,
-0.2783370316028595,
-0.6134124994277954,
0.694262683391571,
-0.5880445241928101,
0.11208461970090866,
-0.1386880874633789,
-0.9382250905036926,
-0.019719043746590614,
0.15905538201332092,
0.009479852393269539,
1.0387884378433228,
-0.41043293476104736,
-0.6883300542831421,
-0.07524372637271881,
-0.2138269692659378,
0.004666476510465145,
0.3110203146934509,
-0.21446746587753296,
-0.23142625391483307,
0.3723129332065582,
0.6672458648681641,
0.25529325008392334,
0.19135363399982452,
0.02075696736574173,
-0.5651452541351318,
-0.1231699138879776,
0.25715941190719604,
-0.17606383562088013,
0.911323606967926,
-0.24974459409713745,
-0.4510323703289032,
-0.03226466476917267,
-0.03092280961573124,
-0.5343160033226013,
-0.5908045172691345,
0.12878857553005219,
-0.5086793899536133,
-0.03556938096880913,
-0.7830250263214111,
-0.7523767948150635,
0.3465119004249573,
0.6392444968223572,
-0.004382881801575422,
-0.01972333714365959,
-0.3837060332298279,
0.5576062798500061,
0.06284742802381516,
0.11133871227502823,
0.12777376174926758,
-0.26482996344566345,
-1.2633090019226074,
0.5807505249977112,
-0.2528812289237976,
-0.5514762997627258,
-0.1122526153922081,
-0.5339102745056152,
-0.21588167548179626,
-0.14360374212265015,
0.3613443076610565,
0.18192915618419647,
0.15528513491153717,
-0.33814045786857605,
0.46305277943611145,
0.08117189258337021,
-0.28859278559684753,
1.030062198638916,
0.011827870272099972,
-0.24049408733844757,
-0.4191994369029999,
-0.1995573788881302,
-0.6516374945640564,
-0.00309353438206017,
1.0029798746109009,
-0.5936740040779114,
-0.3150818645954132,
-0.16229374706745148,
0.4063410758972168,
-0.30546191334724426,
-0.15913793444633484,
0.9377957582473755,
-0.028218936175107956,
-0.04321589320898056,
-0.26367107033729553,
-0.19552887976169586,
-0.6611946225166321,
0.08548297733068466,
-0.09472522139549255,
-0.988355278968811,
0.11493879556655884,
0.020783651620149612,
-0.08996185660362244,
0.06307906657457352,
0.5190262794494629,
0.0036114659160375595,
0.020781978964805603,
0.1432693749666214,
-0.28503870964050293,
-0.7307977676391602,
0.6042585968971252,
-0.567358136177063,
-0.05706436559557915,
-0.5378050804138184,
0.5569573640823364,
0.25055524706840515,
-0.13749834895133972,
1.0023609399795532,
-0.2488003522157669,
-0.784446656703949,
-0.11892495304346085,
0.46881869435310364,
-1.0308960676193237,
0.7434282898902893,
-0.059100452810525894,
-0.7070969939231873,
0.39055249094963074,
0.5957722663879395,
-0.21823750436306,
-0.06094997376203537,
0.30597934126853943,
-0.16122779250144958,
-0.5708894729614258,
0.4984191656112671,
-0.5944215655326843,
0.13550139963626862,
-0.06675959378480911,
-0.30571186542510986,
-0.24758538603782654,
0.8163607716560364,
0.09362281858921051,
-0.6137431263923645,
0.6456649899482727,
-0.7598605751991272,
-0.01633712463080883,
0.09430712461471558,
-0.20538222789764404,
0.36964842677116394,
0.21691246330738068,
0.328669011592865,
-0.3261992037296295,
-0.47991564869880676,
0.7033132314682007,
0.16519397497177124,
0.17259138822555542,
0.43903836607933044,
0.11436986923217773,
-1.00370454788208,
-0.18654200434684753,
0.17655205726623535,
0.6245550513267517,
-0.4421825706958771,
-0.971270740032196,
1.0330301523208618,
0.8315340876579285,
-0.8025389909744263,
-0.559496283531189,
-0.48299407958984375,
1.1857616901397705,
-0.2776312530040741,
-0.05581424757838249,
0.3472205698490143,
-0.2106533795595169,
-0.3025277853012085,
0.26106998324394226,
-0.28062111139297485,
-0.21820245683193207,
-0.08697821199893951,
0.37317976355552673,
-0.6771487593650818,
-0.3253549635410309,
-0.42542779445648193,
0.04191089794039726,
-0.48126527667045593,
-0.2735047936439514,
-0.343799889087677,
0.28841114044189453,
0.416271448135376,
-0.613195538520813,
0.12212866544723511,
-0.06566386669874191,
-1.0028462409973145,
-0.32365015149116516,
-0.2637473940849304,
-0.6173391938209534,
-0.4735782742500305,
-0.5858352184295654,
-0.05560730770230293,
0.14487293362617493,
-0.6254439353942871,
0.2053838074207306,
-0.3479212522506714,
-0.44260546565055847,
0.001145457848906517,
-0.3854319453239441,
0.027081318199634552,
0.13655738532543182,
-0.44745948910713196,
-0.26098760962486267,
0.39679384231567383,
0.2603125274181366,
0.4641166627407074,
-0.2641686499118805,
0.30107447504997253,
-0.8043103218078613,
0.9253415465354919,
-0.3716311752796173,
-0.1576947271823883,
0.13051775097846985,
-0.035617977380752563,
-0.3107739984989166,
-0.2915255129337311,
0.7262193560600281,
-0.21027491986751556,
0.05284491553902626,
-0.014555000700056553,
0.3090805411338806,
0.7081924676895142,
-0.28670698404312134,
0.5120162963867188,
0.6658138632774353,
-0.49404117465019226,
-0.13800762593746185,
0.17074550688266754,
0.027562441304326057,
0.1805587112903595,
0.7513785362243652,
0.6240808963775635,
0.27713528275489807,
1.1748311519622803,
-0.5183370113372803,
0.2138424962759018,
-0.3181638717651367,
0.4624174237251282,
0.11260668933391571,
-0.9396451115608215,
-0.5831844806671143,
0.03765696659684181,
-0.31817156076431274,
-0.20396040380001068,
-0.1503322720527649,
-0.36370187997817993,
-0.7982266545295715,
0.4468078017234802,
-0.22963783144950867,
0.018444620072841644,
-0.02652209810912609,
-0.10421019792556763,
-0.03658723086118698,
-0.5999727845191956,
0.3513573706150055,
0.04563765972852707,
0.30046406388282776,
-0.562543511390686,
-0.16934239864349365,
-0.21808218955993652,
-0.18223150074481964,
-0.36704838275909424,
-0.44773605465888977,
-0.16324834525585175,
0.49362415075302124,
-0.1375860571861267,
-0.5321694016456604,
0.34115925431251526,
0.23349115252494812,
-0.46819037199020386,
0.39153650403022766,
0.23612722754478455,
-0.01833474449813366,
-0.4418013393878937,
-0.34203365445137024,
-0.3088456392288208,
-0.7691064476966858,
0.6419153213500977,
0.6534945368766785,
0.02046358212828636,
0.08742228895425797,
0.43342721462249756,
0.5102885961532593,
0.46628907322883606,
-0.10608454048633575,
0.5651087164878845,
0.1331678330898285,
0.20728373527526855,
0.13555221259593964,
0.024176713079214096,
-0.2422550916671753,
-0.606490969657898,
0.7221206426620483,
-0.5807039737701416,
-0.47549301385879517,
0.49487704038619995,
-0.2958802282810211,
-0.3004288673400879,
-0.05711798742413521,
-0.11635460704565048,
0.06610647588968277,
-0.009496912360191345,
-0.02704521268606186,
0.004738098941743374,
0.30920955538749695,
0.513603687286377,
0.0710323303937912,
0.4387552738189697,
0.30671659111976624,
0.21437948942184448,
0.14383894205093384,
0.08014454692602158,
-0.1632414162158966,
0.3244794011116028,
-0.759982705116272,
0.3145366907119751,
-0.5803357362747192,
0.6703360676765442,
0.053122956305742264,
0.36624640226364136,
0.09441908448934555,
0.644863486289978,
0.02995149977505207,
-0.1382938027381897,
0.7851443886756897,
-0.12976773083209991,
-0.6515412330627441,
-0.21971674263477325,
-0.08016526699066162,
-0.6768860220909119,
0.22702547907829285,
0.31916335225105286,
-0.12491089850664139,
-0.5637528300285339,
0.28420597314834595,
0.16523587703704834,
-0.8470658659934998,
0.2848561704158783,
0.5093917846679688,
-1.2270914316177368,
-0.15238012373447418,
0.29247236251831055,
0.05379101261496544,
-0.6638421416282654,
-0.2669003903865814,
1.3345673084259033,
0.5681609511375427,
-0.45651260018348694,
0.21170906722545624,
-0.5171447396278381,
0.173776775598526,
0.07588730752468109,
0.20071522891521454,
0.2646355926990509,
-0.7457154989242554,
-0.8129869699478149,
-0.44347715377807617,
0.7393296360969543,
-0.1295124739408493,
-0.2745523154735565,
-0.3200826346874237,
-0.3381710946559906,
0.16047409176826477,
0.28963252902030945,
0.019299667328596115,
-0.44040268659591675,
0.16275547444820404,
-0.12568505108356476
]
|
128279 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JAARS%2C%20North%20Carolina | JAARS, North Carolina | Jaars, capitalized as JAARS on some maps, is a census-designated place (CDP) in Union County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 597 at the 2010 census. The region's name comes from JAARS, a non-profit organization that is located there.
Geography
JAARS is located at (34.862297, -80.747115).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , all of it land.
Demographics
As of 2000, there were 360 people, 126 households, and 100 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 424.7 people per square mile (163.5/km2). There were 173 housing units at an average density of 204.1/sqΒ mi (78.6/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 97.50% White, 0.28% Asian, 1.94% from other races, and 0.28% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.22% of the population.
There were 126 households, out of which 29.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 73.0% were married couples living together, 6.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 20.6% were non-families. 17.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.86 and the average family size was 3.23.
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 27.5% under the age of 18, 5.6% from 18 to 24, 18.3% from 25 to 44, 21.7% from 45 to 64, and 26.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.4 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $51,591, and the median income for a family was $51,250. Males had a median income of $35,278 versus $53,750 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $18,433. About 11.5% of families and 10.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including none of those under age 18 and 55.1% of those age 65 or over.
See also
JAARS
References
Census-designated places in North Carolina
Census-designated places in Union County, North Carolina | [
-0.8510935306549072,
0.5668640732765198,
-0.13344095647335052,
-0.46913662552833557,
0.4337605834007263,
0.2618740499019623,
1.2531893253326416,
0.5691766142845154,
-0.562955915927887,
-0.08553927391767502,
-0.5885209441184998,
0.3854184150695801,
-0.4485934376716614,
0.7329002022743225,
-0.8561119437217712,
0.8107503652572632,
0.042375348508358,
0.5053296089172363,
0.6213861703872681,
-0.8669907450675964,
-0.06578528136014938,
-0.5253798365592957,
0.18408453464508057,
0.18500323593616486,
0.41738152503967285,
0.1933763176202774,
0.2698289155960083,
-0.08662907779216766,
-0.319781631231308,
-0.04996945708990097,
-0.30524706840515137,
0.6211736798286438,
-0.5424711108207703,
0.014820894226431847,
0.13606388866901398,
0.03514574095606804,
-0.19916191697120667,
0.04981137812137604,
0.3812849819660187,
-0.19799701869487762,
-0.5582044720649719,
0.027556700631976128,
0.09787991642951965,
0.27578628063201904,
0.21200314164161682,
-0.4859888553619385,
-1.3937550783157349,
0.1551319658756256,
-0.8290020227432251,
-0.7589048147201538,
-0.9587922692298889,
0.07868818193674088,
0.11454139649868011,
0.42114609479904175,
0.0986342579126358,
-0.4523654580116272,
-0.3525601923465729,
0.03956226631999016,
1.180448293685913,
0.1828983873128891,
-0.1084061935544014,
0.19801348447799683,
0.23689532279968262,
-0.025324024260044098,
-0.06856556236743927,
-0.16212813556194305,
-0.5078790187835693,
0.8003699779510498,
-0.31240060925483704,
-0.5880416631698608,
-0.08466645330190659,
0.503047525882721,
0.11833212524652481,
0.101654551923275,
0.18846222758293152,
0.7638706564903259,
-0.3618682026863098,
0.055096473544836044,
-0.07145776599645615,
0.06486976891756058,
0.28179553151130676,
0.04677285626530647,
0.7603767514228821,
-0.03507602587342262,
0.574727475643158,
0.48127755522727966,
-0.6768510937690735,
0.565580427646637,
0.006425267085433006,
0.43510472774505615,
-0.5026097893714905,
-0.03912968188524246,
-0.5844876766204834,
-0.21319366991519928,
-0.5179964303970337,
0.4008238613605499,
0.04243921488523483,
0.4385913908481598,
-0.21458131074905396,
0.8746731281280518,
-0.18066255748271942,
0.5403690338134766,
1.3907263278961182,
-0.20470915734767914,
-0.37200042605400085,
-0.053906962275505066,
-0.5687938928604126,
-0.2081843614578247,
0.05300876125693321,
-0.21937094628810883,
-0.70229172706604,
0.3007853627204895,
-0.037988949567079544,
-0.6005352139472961,
-0.14341971278190613,
0.8859325647354126,
-0.03881824016571045,
-0.45839154720306396,
-0.21034547686576843,
0.05443473160266876,
0.40799543261528015,
0.7817555069923401,
-0.24013176560401917,
0.5989472270011902,
0.049853332340717316,
0.1626725196838379,
-0.08948566764593124,
-0.00013411074178293347,
-0.046955645084381104,
0.6352275013923645,
-0.36122193932533264,
0.3692920506000519,
0.34744465351104736,
0.634532630443573,
-0.5286864042282104,
0.020256582647562027,
0.3829245865345001,
0.3864433765411377,
0.9071945548057556,
0.25726568698883057,
-0.9997901320457458,
-0.13342657685279846,
-0.26428458094596863,
-0.4112344980239868,
0.1503462940454483,
-0.1109367311000824,
-0.3184501528739929,
-0.2161129266023636,
0.23997120559215546,
0.28120359778404236,
0.12815134227275848,
0.19555483758449554,
0.6735813021659851,
0.3727365732192993,
-0.5354862809181213,
0.36063122749328613,
0.05804412066936493,
0.11526983231306076,
0.6860886812210083,
0.406372606754303,
-0.40236935019493103,
0.9670214653015137,
0.5103563666343689,
0.35785970091819763,
0.5480077266693115,
0.25952252745628357,
0.623699426651001,
-0.24132640659809113,
0.2170780450105667,
-0.1556200236082077,
-0.35968923568725586,
0.17559809982776642,
0.5294205546379089,
0.03677171841263771,
0.027340877801179886,
-0.47911739349365234,
0.8457109928131104,
0.09195200353860855,
0.021373940631747246,
-0.2785552442073822,
-0.8127151131629944,
0.08759267628192902,
0.7996780276298523,
0.04687688872218132,
0.05789696425199509,
0.07410355657339096,
0.2971443235874176,
-0.45195892453193665,
-0.6158843040466309,
-0.44795578718185425,
-0.4367896616458893,
-0.24793417751789093,
0.9933703541755676,
0.21346743404865265,
0.7812926769256592,
0.16287870705127716,
-0.43009352684020996,
0.6763178110122681,
-0.4048440158367157,
0.4440750479698181,
-0.006781619507819414,
-0.9347125887870789,
0.5038440823554993,
-0.5661492347717285,
0.19431622326374054,
0.23958207666873932,
0.4553263485431671,
0.33531537652015686,
0.12288094311952591,
0.14596587419509888,
-0.2565086781978607,
-0.840438187122345,
-0.16529715061187744,
0.7306272387504578,
-0.43499961495399475,
-1.0168743133544922,
0.2278108447790146,
-0.07312145084142685,
0.49631446599960327,
-0.3576502203941345,
0.9963476061820984,
-0.17598788440227509,
0.2683371305465698,
-0.11012259870767593,
-0.054643794894218445,
0.8761034607887268,
0.7687621712684631,
0.18056721985340118,
-0.4844437837600708,
0.02451384626328945,
0.40617865324020386,
0.11313927918672562,
0.14090919494628906,
-1.0872750282287598,
0.014418425969779491,
-0.17279134690761566,
-0.06355127692222595,
-0.8523194193840027,
0.17703622579574585,
-0.8569663763046265,
-0.09151440858840942,
0.3920830190181732,
-0.8594553470611572,
0.22998519241809845,
0.7879323959350586,
0.13499510288238525,
0.36362767219543457,
-0.07494257390499115,
-0.06228172406554222,
-0.3445306420326233,
-0.14323002099990845,
0.4036129117012024,
0.3192079961299896,
-0.08329245448112488,
-0.046353135257959366,
0.2923310101032257,
-0.26305365562438965,
0.41543468832969666,
0.21180421113967896,
0.4806433618068695,
-0.205975741147995,
0.2128535360097885,
-0.5410705208778381,
0.17673879861831665,
0.34585097432136536,
-0.22832605242729187,
-0.10749617964029312,
-0.4717952013015747,
0.19131292402744293,
0.3599647581577301,
0.5608704686164856,
-1.0467027425765991,
0.1927233338356018,
-0.09334024786949158,
0.2494860291481018,
0.24657024443149567,
0.08933012932538986,
-0.9628402590751648,
-0.9864601492881775,
0.39519309997558594,
0.18305577337741852,
0.9660576581954956,
-0.10255668312311172,
-0.3915553689002991,
0.44605398178100586,
-0.5467804670333862,
0.855355978012085,
-0.336422860622406,
-0.24077430367469788,
-0.26192277669906616,
-0.003844717750325799,
-0.011431589722633362,
-0.18972131609916687,
0.9330635666847229,
-0.22944386303424835,
-0.18063080310821533,
0.02009717747569084,
0.08670530468225479,
0.14950977265834808,
-0.13846999406814575,
-0.49880141019821167,
0.3989326059818268,
-0.2399527132511139,
0.22811433672904968,
0.13993260264396667,
-0.5932785272598267,
0.21101000905036926,
0.07953678071498871,
-4.891660690307617,
0.35189294815063477,
-0.11550990492105484,
-0.4381425082683563,
0.505474865436554,
-0.20535746216773987,
0.48539015650749207,
-0.47395753860473633,
0.012190728448331356,
0.5973116755485535,
-0.04656573385000229,
-0.6472499966621399,
-0.18409104645252228,
0.4121258854866028,
0.7142454385757446,
0.5359643697738647,
0.7450503706932068,
-0.039919883012771606,
0.5540392398834229,
0.11112687736749649,
-0.3514438271522522,
0.018572811037302017,
-0.19130460917949677,
-0.3872692584991455,
0.44066208600997925,
0.27973702549934387,
0.23738211393356323,
-0.5256929993629456,
-0.5923995971679688,
0.14277537167072296,
0.34189343452453613,
0.015173331834375858,
-0.5760127902030945,
-0.2932336628437042,
-0.09378239512443542,
-0.569761335849762,
0.05941415950655937,
0.005882421974092722,
0.34836506843566895,
-0.6209255456924438,
0.4450705349445343,
0.4698047935962677,
-0.6872352361679077,
-0.5394902229309082,
0.8771849870681763,
-0.4026648998260498,
-0.5708861947059631,
-0.2846005856990814,
-0.14626823365688324,
0.8009276390075684,
0.047072697430849075,
-0.3897815942764282,
0.8181127309799194,
0.0011668209917843342,
0.5494607090950012,
-0.3559505045413971,
0.33520105481147766,
0.06816545128822327,
-0.5849425196647644,
0.9505063891410828,
0.6974303126335144,
-0.9606563448905945,
-0.30828234553337097,
-0.38071972131729126,
-0.24985715746879578,
-0.6343618631362915,
-0.05996154993772507,
0.20922333002090454,
0.497401624917984,
-0.11886768788099289,
0.24506641924381256,
0.24815067648887634,
0.20117516815662384,
-0.7771992683410645,
0.6585513353347778,
-0.7971766591072083,
-0.4109092652797699,
-0.17710082232952118,
-0.7527768015861511,
0.008765027858316898,
-0.13964073359966278,
0.059784092009067535,
0.33236074447631836,
0.37684157490730286,
0.3617497682571411,
-0.5937357544898987,
-0.11491979658603668,
0.30809909105300903,
-0.4877108931541443,
-0.4568277895450592,
0.3343837559223175,
-0.08941411972045898,
0.6058328747749329,
-0.021091459318995476,
-0.043134208768606186,
0.4557526707649231,
0.5822597742080688,
0.0026638261042535305,
-0.1511932909488678,
-0.3973517417907715,
0.40354815125465393,
-0.6085172891616821,
0.11766140908002853,
-0.12845180928707123,
0.15216073393821716,
-0.13528065383434296,
-0.1521105021238327,
0.30703067779541016,
0.8925340175628662,
-0.11103244870901108,
-0.6527692079544067,
-0.08134186267852783,
-0.10483825206756592,
0.0032592113129794598,
0.40886354446411133,
-0.3943309187889099,
-0.21563756465911865,
0.8759366273880005,
0.332752525806427,
0.15532706677913666,
0.14864708483219147,
-0.007897271774709225,
-0.33037152886390686,
-0.0928579568862915,
-0.5813762545585632,
-0.3848777413368225,
0.7814285159111023,
-0.18984632194042206,
-0.8807312846183777,
0.605082094669342,
-0.2292928546667099,
-0.2224484235048294,
-0.5133270025253296,
-0.14995177090168,
-0.3223680555820465,
-0.3399362564086914,
-0.2890426516532898,
-1.1176677942276,
0.10553921014070511,
0.6157300472259521,
0.4742342233657837,
-0.10047634690999985,
-0.28048810362815857,
0.021869033575057983,
-0.2629600763320923,
0.22700706124305725,
0.12716183066368103,
0.3914887607097626,
-0.9607065320014954,
0.1509290188550949,
-0.4919610321521759,
-0.4358811676502228,
-0.48188039660453796,
-0.5101759433746338,
0.15725967288017273,
-0.3262404203414917,
0.23213796317577362,
0.3306158781051636,
0.43991440534591675,
-0.4753456711769104,
-0.007176370359957218,
0.166401207447052,
-0.9593827128410339,
0.6508986353874207,
-0.00861100759357214,
-0.4758363664150238,
-0.2760647237300873,
-0.23406176269054413,
-0.35990622639656067,
0.12175584584474564,
0.5004754662513733,
-0.6599535346031189,
0.09652724117040634,
-0.4686429500579834,
0.046452656388282776,
-0.025527797639369965,
0.2483668178319931,
0.54537034034729,
-0.04060537740588188,
-0.04096286743879318,
-0.34689682722091675,
0.01650836132466793,
-0.7688044905662537,
0.07099579274654388,
0.23613131046295166,
-0.48662516474723816,
0.2136850357055664,
-0.21565663814544678,
0.045099448412656784,
-0.15733398497104645,
0.6111509203910828,
-0.6483341455459595,
0.29702872037887573,
0.030365293845534325,
-0.30553895235061646,
-0.909269392490387,
0.45003196597099304,
-0.11333288252353668,
0.15622197091579437,
-0.3653307259082794,
0.2370084822177887,
0.6788467764854431,
-0.29896295070648193,
0.4822220504283905,
-0.34022849798202515,
-0.9770740866661072,
0.6117541193962097,
0.5431071519851685,
-1.1645888090133667,
0.8535704612731934,
-0.548373818397522,
-0.994461715221405,
0.4356726109981537,
0.5751753449440002,
-0.29778385162353516,
-0.001999813364818692,
-0.02071739174425602,
-0.4285356402397156,
-0.19099345803260803,
0.22463296353816986,
-0.6429702043533325,
-0.06903709471225739,
-0.2874937057495117,
-0.7317982912063599,
-0.2829478979110718,
0.49476858973503113,
-0.2575860321521759,
-0.4669536352157593,
1.4465380907058716,
-0.7960546016693115,
-0.3256920874118805,
0.19068185985088348,
0.11032092571258545,
0.3959200382232666,
0.004595449194312096,
-0.1162358969449997,
-0.2786087989807129,
-0.3132776916027069,
0.6057225465774536,
-0.025135567411780357,
0.5400590896606445,
0.5843589901924133,
0.16597598791122437,
-0.7822477221488953,
-0.4138137400150299,
-0.1770094931125641,
0.3639349043369293,
0.09404591470956802,
-0.8247288465499878,
0.5279462337493896,
0.8096238374710083,
-0.2959948778152466,
-0.8366976380348206,
0.11356554180383682,
1.6283522844314575,
0.2656169831752777,
0.04700068384408951,
0.4089697599411011,
-0.13127000629901886,
-0.10383253544569016,
0.13301749527454376,
-0.07855286449193954,
0.44650447368621826,
0.14346258342266083,
0.32946890592575073,
-0.6577173471450806,
-0.339486300945282,
-0.4315734803676605,
0.7870309352874756,
-0.19720488786697388,
-0.8107552528381348,
-0.3103269040584564,
0.31426841020584106,
0.23696458339691162,
-0.7627042531967163,
0.3275117576122284,
0.004800307098776102,
-0.9770283699035645,
-0.015854932367801666,
0.46190327405929565,
-0.5796176195144653,
-0.6735619902610779,
-0.2699766159057617,
0.0753607526421547,
0.410601407289505,
-0.5865730047225952,
0.19201265275478363,
-0.11063943803310394,
-0.5482741594314575,
0.2712875306606293,
-0.1880667358636856,
0.19427940249443054,
-0.20494596660137177,
-0.6138433218002319,
-0.4060351848602295,
0.3434065878391266,
0.4510762095451355,
0.5342694520950317,
-0.3808232843875885,
0.24799849092960358,
-1.0896735191345215,
0.5751097202301025,
-0.2913271188735962,
-0.763707160949707,
0.45849043130874634,
-0.2635143995285034,
-0.6198797225952148,
-0.5353415608406067,
0.4168076813220978,
0.12438444048166275,
-0.5761277675628662,
0.10371681302785873,
0.5750116109848022,
0.5928765535354614,
-0.2728613615036011,
0.3384479284286499,
0.6991355419158936,
-0.5825760960578918,
-0.22341792285442352,
0.1815849095582962,
-0.2571992576122284,
0.07961693406105042,
0.24870090186595917,
0.7598082423210144,
-0.1168442964553833,
1.5541073083877563,
0.4378001093864441,
0.476727157831192,
-0.3543582856655121,
0.11738952994346619,
-0.006948327179998159,
-1.0829026699066162,
-0.6931205987930298,
-0.005050076171755791,
-0.632036566734314,
-0.38875365257263184,
-0.15936928987503052,
-0.5200158357620239,
-0.7733678221702576,
0.44813525676727295,
-0.4354079067707062,
0.4127674102783203,
0.3976115882396698,
-0.19915856420993805,
-0.22236984968185425,
-0.7265793681144714,
-0.00748903863132,
0.37025386095046997,
-0.04648073390126228,
-0.6314131617546082,
0.03346291556954384,
-0.02040933445096016,
-0.5263150930404663,
-0.43559420108795166,
-0.5575497150421143,
-0.1684369295835495,
0.16894331574440002,
-0.3802642226219177,
-0.919775128364563,
0.35364460945129395,
0.13448093831539154,
-0.17246142029762268,
1.0508326292037964,
0.22097758948802948,
-0.06540660560131073,
-0.3950199782848358,
0.6618639826774597,
0.12646245956420898,
-0.1752401739358902,
0.9726628065109253,
0.4072599709033966,
0.06529924273490906,
0.11637483537197113,
0.2447064369916916,
0.3946784734725952,
0.4241223633289337,
-0.03500228747725487,
0.13837333023548126,
-0.24992907047271729,
0.16959844529628754,
-0.3357694149017334,
-0.06088804081082344,
-0.3024403154850006,
-0.5051717758178711,
0.3167862594127655,
-0.3618116080760956,
-0.6323773264884949,
0.02917955256998539,
0.16574248671531677,
-0.05986958369612694,
0.22823846340179443,
0.05883198603987694,
-0.18650412559509277,
-0.05154382437467575,
-0.08928322792053223,
0.05784204602241516,
0.4979848563671112,
0.8570742607116699,
0.9691300988197327,
0.5117124915122986,
0.3779139816761017,
0.3530351519584656,
-0.4643537700176239,
-0.3534170389175415,
-0.038932155817747116,
0.46128198504447937,
-0.5035131573677063,
0.5054486393928528,
-0.5388560891151428,
0.7717742919921875,
0.007212892174720764,
0.5039887428283691,
-0.1350342482328415,
0.7984198331832886,
-0.244599848985672,
-0.12247970700263977,
0.7745285630226135,
0.0641673132777214,
-0.24359427392482758,
-0.1096358597278595,
-0.11197056621313095,
-0.045231595635414124,
0.3408527970314026,
0.5411484241485596,
0.2556847035884857,
-0.13369256258010864,
-0.17099861800670624,
-0.35666564106941223,
-1.076650857925415,
-0.10414735227823257,
0.3104581832885742,
-1.3041013479232788,
0.16326206922531128,
0.04727987200021744,
-0.3177105486392975,
-0.12279906868934631,
-0.3227646052837372,
0.928871750831604,
0.7180555462837219,
-0.5843504071235657,
0.2289445847272873,
-0.25121667981147766,
-0.07130490988492966,
0.0014498771633952856,
0.5690822601318359,
0.7087825536727905,
-0.9364538192749023,
-0.829095721244812,
-0.38768744468688965,
0.5157374143600464,
-0.4579402804374695,
-1.0657356977462769,
-0.08371938019990921,
-0.27407532930374146,
0.1748971790075302,
0.08986742049455643,
-0.05630017817020416,
-0.3872743546962738,
0.4363686740398407,
-0.2984597980976105
]
|
128280 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake%20Park%2C%20North%20Carolina | Lake Park, North Carolina | Lake Park is a village in Union County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 3,422 at the 2010 census.
Geography
Lake Park is located at .
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of , all of it land, although this is not accurate. Several lakes can clearly be seen when inside city limits, as well as from satellite view.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,093 people, 750 households, and 609 families residing in the village. The population density was 2,630.1 people per square mile (1,010.1/km2). There were 781 housing units at an average density of 981.4 per square mile (376.9/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 90.83% White, 5.16% African American, 0.53% Native American, 1.39% Asian, 0.14% Pacific Islander, 0.43% from other races, and 1.53% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.48% of the population.
There were 750 households, out of which 45.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 73.3% were married couples living together, 6.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 18.7% were non-families. 14.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 3.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.79 and the average family size was 3.13.
In the city the population was spread out, with 30.9% under the age of 18, 4.3% from 18 to 24, 41.9% from 25 to 44, 17.1% from 45 to 64, and 5.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.1 males.
The median income for a household in the village was $68,304, and the median income for a family was $71,630. Males had a median income of $47,083 versus $31,848 for females. The per capita income for the village was $25,330. About 1.7% of families and 2.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 1.8% of those under age 18 and 4.4% of those age 65 or over.
References
City of Lake Park
External links
Official website of the Village of Lake Park, NC
Official website of the Lake Park Homeowners Association
Villages in Union County, North Carolina
Villages in North Carolina | [
-0.5836834907531738,
0.22694449126720428,
0.30248355865478516,
-0.13894420862197876,
0.6410599946975708,
-0.2126574069261551,
0.6805399656295776,
0.34215372800827026,
-0.1969156563282013,
0.06015295162796974,
-0.374019056558609,
-0.1544014811515808,
-0.5705057382583618,
0.9782830476760864,
-0.9892314076423645,
0.5693585276603699,
0.13830383121967316,
0.4976741373538971,
0.5982286334037781,
-0.7526372075080872,
0.07931352406740189,
-0.9264950752258301,
0.12226719409227371,
0.7128207683563232,
0.03380352631211281,
0.37629303336143494,
0.7484748959541321,
-0.1822739690542221,
0.33404049277305603,
0.17951154708862305,
-0.350671648979187,
0.28372058272361755,
-0.2794194221496582,
-0.16472463309764862,
0.2270711362361908,
-0.2676991820335388,
0.02278106100857258,
-0.06261434406042099,
-0.07712674885988235,
-0.17417961359024048,
-0.49248629808425903,
0.2003537118434906,
-0.010035349987447262,
0.5752010941505432,
0.1381269097328186,
-0.29067298769950867,
-1.434143304824829,
0.405178040266037,
-0.6818775534629822,
-0.7549891471862793,
-0.8491703271865845,
0.27874359488487244,
-0.24042822420597076,
0.6330166459083557,
0.5024099349975586,
0.24674317240715027,
-0.25060024857521057,
0.35616615414619446,
0.802764892578125,
-0.047810036689043045,
-0.4963877201080322,
0.4833812117576599,
0.5691418051719666,
-0.17369021475315094,
-0.23249131441116333,
0.011098012328147888,
-0.25439244508743286,
0.7234562039375305,
0.2924158275127411,
-0.3292767405509949,
0.17181403934955597,
0.21123307943344116,
-0.47783148288726807,
0.17699633538722992,
0.41253116726875305,
0.7963711619377136,
-0.23821863532066345,
-0.17552126944065094,
0.2002168744802475,
-0.17389324307441711,
0.16067832708358765,
-0.42255499958992004,
0.05777623504400253,
0.13785280287265778,
0.43596726655960083,
0.24712054431438446,
-0.6470643281936646,
0.3393707871437073,
-0.028666473925113678,
0.6087804436683655,
-0.7886433005332947,
0.3041989803314209,
-0.37804877758026123,
0.16030336916446686,
-0.11123039573431015,
0.35994118452072144,
-0.1033216118812561,
0.19246160984039307,
0.3482721745967865,
0.5625373721122742,
-0.4435705542564392,
0.2683970034122467,
0.7853895425796509,
-0.23795440793037415,
-0.5922610759735107,
-0.5611906051635742,
-0.8812645077705383,
-0.556352972984314,
0.41532668471336365,
-0.2458924949169159,
-0.9285514950752258,
0.5468752384185791,
-0.11084280908107758,
-0.9685006737709045,
-0.24148163199424744,
0.512865424156189,
-0.03553341329097748,
-0.3666699528694153,
-0.2401934415102005,
0.1595536470413208,
0.11419691145420074,
0.5438833832740784,
-0.41122400760650635,
-0.0425422340631485,
-0.04309694096446037,
0.3770214319229126,
-0.08880393952131271,
-0.12290059030056,
-0.0730183869600296,
0.10853910446166992,
-0.12804722785949707,
-0.05905686691403389,
0.12934213876724243,
0.36405807733535767,
0.2103928029537201,
-0.29237958788871765,
0.34567615389823914,
-0.056788984686136246,
0.7171632647514343,
0.12614737451076508,
-0.9043236970901489,
-0.15836109220981598,
-0.6826686859130859,
-0.30499759316444397,
0.4086293876171112,
-0.23654115200042725,
-0.33320513367652893,
-0.38374975323677063,
0.3660089075565338,
0.39225801825523376,
0.3558586835861206,
0.566598117351532,
0.30774062871932983,
0.5139342546463013,
-0.5640408992767334,
0.5172002911567688,
0.1955299973487854,
0.12560002505779266,
0.48012715578079224,
0.23475699126720428,
0.49051129817962646,
0.8170473575592041,
0.23563528060913086,
0.35645774006843567,
0.7362308502197266,
0.18417026102542877,
0.4095809757709503,
-0.6794432997703552,
0.006252146791666746,
0.11536260694265366,
-0.5855764150619507,
0.5051818490028381,
0.5567626357078552,
-0.5857918858528137,
0.33464765548706055,
-0.4082689881324768,
0.23099036514759064,
-0.1015084981918335,
0.36186718940734863,
-0.09506813436746597,
-0.9285750985145569,
0.18742379546165466,
0.7448290586471558,
-0.16131336987018585,
-0.4448496997356415,
0.04999392852187157,
0.4628097414970398,
-0.24404700100421906,
-0.36833471059799194,
-0.29012587666511536,
-0.33434605598449707,
-0.7721943259239197,
0.6951413750648499,
0.12362795323133469,
0.9865404963493347,
0.06111619621515274,
-0.5108661651611328,
0.16684666275978088,
-0.6523092985153198,
0.25696519017219543,
0.22787955403327942,
-0.39175915718078613,
0.4484221339225769,
-0.43322300910949707,
-0.47262245416641235,
0.09070443361997604,
0.0866110548377037,
-0.3020170331001282,
0.2768170237541199,
0.34224775433540344,
-0.22520317137241364,
-1.1595126390457153,
0.18945564329624176,
0.5630816221237183,
-0.5179823040962219,
-0.43317049741744995,
-0.17857439815998077,
0.0469057522714138,
0.5322741270065308,
-0.42470043897628784,
0.6861564517021179,
0.4568531811237335,
-0.0980798527598381,
-0.2443990558385849,
-0.4511801600456238,
1.04251229763031,
0.5428275465965271,
0.6173638701438904,
-0.09028729051351547,
0.10542422533035278,
0.22856438159942627,
0.6116895079612732,
0.11092217266559601,
-0.7765987515449524,
0.47350001335144043,
-0.360908567905426,
0.2859763503074646,
-0.7503109574317932,
0.16848157346248627,
-0.2773779034614563,
-0.46869537234306335,
0.3657103478908539,
-0.9681557416915894,
0.28851786255836487,
0.1940530389547348,
0.1477060765028,
0.0802750289440155,
0.06696069985628128,
0.24796423316001892,
-0.469403475522995,
0.047884613275527954,
0.3913499712944031,
0.842228889465332,
0.12886005640029907,
0.045248229056596756,
0.1782875806093216,
-0.02499197982251644,
0.4402922987937927,
0.07741551846265793,
0.20939035713672638,
-0.24168671667575836,
0.5205873847007751,
-0.7116665840148926,
-0.11130036413669586,
0.17924226820468903,
-0.6015676856040955,
-0.15746714174747467,
-0.4078570008277893,
-0.11723754554986954,
0.4295099079608917,
0.5252575278282166,
-0.888920783996582,
-0.1351814568042755,
-0.15679404139518738,
0.3670860230922699,
0.28430649638175964,
-0.00022309832274913788,
-0.7504852414131165,
-0.7991931438446045,
0.1444021463394165,
-0.06915856897830963,
1.074898600578308,
-0.14210495352745056,
-0.22721630334854126,
0.40074482560157776,
-0.41254812479019165,
0.9640711545944214,
-0.11591897904872894,
-0.5972223877906799,
-0.15225337445735931,
-0.08013519644737244,
0.4255734086036682,
0.03543698042631149,
1.1871463060379028,
-0.2779540419578552,
0.16149643063545227,
-0.07149907201528549,
-0.5293672680854797,
0.1152537614107132,
0.021832410246133804,
-0.7621673345565796,
-0.09441110491752625,
-0.7917255163192749,
0.17245790362358093,
-0.06301452964544296,
-0.8092948794364929,
0.292692095041275,
-0.286017507314682,
-4.842641830444336,
0.3850022852420807,
-0.7670722603797913,
0.0013813425321131945,
0.23361964523792267,
-0.36373335123062134,
0.3700079619884491,
-0.2789961099624634,
-0.21972611546516418,
0.7357864379882812,
-0.3468855619430542,
-0.5901778340339661,
0.06839711964130402,
0.9314731359481812,
0.6196084022521973,
0.41181492805480957,
0.8739833831787109,
-0.4552871584892273,
0.4451371431350708,
0.2162630558013916,
-0.426980197429657,
0.3176017999649048,
-0.629216730594635,
-0.47747790813446045,
0.3554340600967407,
0.6668887734413147,
-0.028546128422021866,
-0.7037108540534973,
-0.985360324382782,
-0.0363953597843647,
0.3662444055080414,
-0.2602260410785675,
-0.34002169966697693,
-0.061546843498945236,
0.33531761169433594,
-0.1374133974313736,
0.07867003232240677,
-0.2563648819923401,
0.10906326025724411,
-0.4421544373035431,
0.28482988476753235,
0.12876220047473907,
-0.5677405595779419,
-0.21198409795761108,
0.8799747228622437,
-0.8280179500579834,
-0.4640728235244751,
0.16579174995422363,
0.10402749478816986,
0.6839746832847595,
0.2055637389421463,
-0.18711155652999878,
1.4840734004974365,
0.07898645102977753,
-0.17073163390159607,
-0.15319746732711792,
0.8087443113327026,
0.0448613204061985,
-0.15174731612205505,
0.9184027910232544,
0.28626397252082825,
-0.6896242499351501,
0.06020869314670563,
0.15391923487186432,
-0.1648377627134323,
-0.6313790082931519,
0.474854439496994,
0.15420310199260712,
0.22386546432971954,
0.19020046293735504,
0.22273026406764984,
0.5713950395584106,
-0.2360517680644989,
-0.7207003831863403,
0.16538335382938385,
-0.3826694190502167,
-0.5619840025901794,
-0.4850914180278778,
-0.627509355545044,
-0.3019542992115021,
0.08791680634021759,
0.2212873250246048,
0.6474208831787109,
0.7373616695404053,
-0.009709502570331097,
-0.7789282202720642,
-0.11123889684677124,
0.3833635449409485,
-0.38374707102775574,
-0.6195128560066223,
0.4377947151660919,
0.23671388626098633,
0.8465545773506165,
-0.3611929714679718,
-0.2804811894893646,
0.5374545454978943,
0.3227526545524597,
0.07144086062908173,
-0.21157492697238922,
-0.6677626967430115,
0.37658852338790894,
-0.021972524002194405,
0.4403032958507538,
-0.11676004528999329,
-0.42004096508026123,
-0.5758856534957886,
0.7315148115158081,
0.30850666761398315,
0.5631909370422363,
-0.3166094124317169,
-0.4417073428630829,
0.07178959250450134,
-0.1707300990819931,
-0.044970035552978516,
0.37920811772346497,
-0.2741105556488037,
0.18958163261413574,
0.9355278611183167,
0.09499413520097733,
-0.10264924168586731,
0.08884382992982864,
0.3437711298465729,
-0.08517900854349136,
-0.1827852725982666,
-0.5084108710289001,
-0.3587619960308075,
0.7584719061851501,
-0.10031086951494217,
-0.49030056595802307,
0.546795666217804,
-0.24174444377422333,
0.34174296259880066,
-0.49192604422569275,
-0.5496433973312378,
-0.40495824813842773,
-0.5018059015274048,
-0.3262604773044586,
-1.2329649925231934,
0.2505032420158386,
0.6387538909912109,
0.4852851331233978,
0.023451650515198708,
-0.6578932404518127,
0.3103797733783722,
-0.46648716926574707,
-0.11055871099233627,
0.35544753074645996,
0.5051051378250122,
-0.712949812412262,
0.4501418173313141,
-0.7709144949913025,
-0.8486543893814087,
-0.3114463686943054,
-0.8285123705863953,
-0.1260264813899994,
-0.6392066478729248,
0.44634854793548584,
0.134874626994133,
0.5125811696052551,
-0.349508672952652,
0.09890928119421005,
0.0664023905992508,
-1.105103850364685,
0.7071712017059326,
-0.4111284613609314,
0.46678218245506287,
-0.4976935088634491,
-0.21190594136714935,
-0.361788272857666,
0.2071576714515686,
0.3331870436668396,
-0.6059167981147766,
-0.17785851657390594,
-0.2874778211116791,
0.19545461237430573,
-0.06261080503463745,
0.49246537685394287,
0.40351247787475586,
-0.17976407706737518,
0.1124265193939209,
-0.1940586417913437,
-0.17575381696224213,
-1.1168917417526245,
-0.019208885729312897,
0.14168880879878998,
-0.4703015387058258,
-0.6913965940475464,
-0.11359366774559021,
0.26210689544677734,
0.22382383048534393,
0.4042518436908722,
-0.5416015982627869,
0.46501976251602173,
0.38590607047080994,
0.10270150750875473,
-0.3730452060699463,
1.0492527484893799,
-0.2375725656747818,
-0.11582663655281067,
-0.5124136209487915,
-0.024412695318460464,
0.2598074674606323,
-0.8299171924591064,
0.6505952477455139,
0.0992794930934906,
-0.859915018081665,
0.302876740694046,
0.6648049354553223,
-0.7068358659744263,
1.3518413305282593,
-0.5404689908027649,
-0.5022839903831482,
0.4806266725063324,
-0.09068786352872849,
-0.3122884929180145,
0.3044722080230713,
0.13610348105430603,
0.03017832152545452,
-0.590875506401062,
0.46785154938697815,
-0.6271747946739197,
0.19408774375915527,
-0.6172270774841309,
-0.7706025242805481,
-0.8916590809822083,
0.3770684599876404,
0.3365604877471924,
0.14454984664916992,
0.6592552661895752,
-0.4373706579208374,
-0.09691354632377625,
0.16187812387943268,
0.3761618733406067,
0.3958841860294342,
0.04854622483253479,
-0.24965369701385498,
0.10903297364711761,
0.2311142086982727,
0.6583256125450134,
-0.11296514421701431,
0.3413408398628235,
0.5931427478790283,
0.3805573582649231,
-0.3946678936481476,
-0.10474550724029541,
-0.14613033831119537,
0.7284738421440125,
-0.1063617467880249,
-0.9550263285636902,
0.8192111849784851,
0.7023894786834717,
-0.5760970115661621,
-0.9705140590667725,
0.08326741307973862,
0.8085409998893738,
0.14391903579235077,
0.21745167672634125,
0.558455228805542,
-0.01324104517698288,
-0.03504626452922821,
0.37969663739204407,
0.23049277067184448,
0.2033776193857193,
-0.23864299058914185,
0.9030392169952393,
-0.5571414828300476,
0.029273387044668198,
-0.5625471472740173,
0.6481612920761108,
-0.3163902461528778,
-0.195997416973114,
0.032766420394182205,
0.10692562162876129,
0.7321184873580933,
-0.8722694516181946,
0.4855119287967682,
-0.05200249329209328,
-1.2425528764724731,
0.4625847041606903,
0.3795642852783203,
-0.34240221977233887,
-0.44162189960479736,
-0.4437771141529083,
-0.11550707370042801,
-0.07455642521381378,
-0.5582811236381531,
-0.1381385773420334,
0.08758410066366196,
-0.6393858790397644,
0.36600983142852783,
-0.4021838307380676,
0.24441541731357574,
0.2828131914138794,
-1.0199427604675293,
-0.33847102522850037,
0.14816604554653168,
0.6347127556800842,
0.4946252405643463,
-0.6379161477088928,
0.0540909618139267,
-1.2327042818069458,
1.025070071220398,
-0.5628015995025635,
-0.7409664988517761,
1.0033304691314697,
-0.2619195580482483,
-0.5967469215393066,
-0.8524951338768005,
0.4595549702644348,
0.2140578180551529,
0.0631944015622139,
-0.1440756618976593,
0.5549333691596985,
0.7644412517547607,
-0.2577008008956909,
0.24420638382434845,
0.5732238292694092,
-0.3170071542263031,
-0.3575494587421417,
0.5283593535423279,
-0.42770570516586304,
0.6059134006500244,
0.47735175490379333,
0.9278436303138733,
0.269229918718338,
1.0261045694351196,
-0.14702607691287994,
0.2104748785495758,
-0.1691228598356247,
0.23896220326423645,
0.11486528068780899,
-1.1898661851882935,
-0.5901690721511841,
0.43492478132247925,
-0.27463170886039734,
-0.5541347861289978,
-0.05635225772857666,
-0.3427008390426636,
-0.8391702175140381,
0.12467914819717407,
-0.24006204307079315,
-0.08695235848426819,
0.4775417149066925,
-0.18627098202705383,
-0.613591730594635,
-0.3660133183002472,
-0.13371939957141876,
0.5413615107536316,
0.10134422034025192,
-0.4137820601463318,
0.41553884744644165,
-0.30865204334259033,
-0.34529343247413635,
-1.0229392051696777,
-0.6629047393798828,
0.23928627371788025,
0.4804408848285675,
-0.24609825015068054,
-1.0151455402374268,
-0.07485933601856232,
0.150980144739151,
-0.5412665605545044,
0.7042273283004761,
0.16384020447731018,
-0.03537391126155853,
-0.2963096797466278,
0.296739399433136,
-0.03320565074682236,
-0.2584812343120575,
0.9340733885765076,
0.061568278819322586,
0.06645215302705765,
0.621898889541626,
0.1800200343132019,
0.25660160183906555,
0.1523003727197647,
-0.19130337238311768,
0.6858941316604614,
-0.0944221243262291,
0.1976862996816635,
-0.03344818577170372,
-0.001531866379082203,
-0.8538282513618469,
-0.21555571258068085,
0.07683835178613663,
-0.4708504378795624,
-0.11833766847848892,
0.2680738568305969,
0.2085031121969223,
-0.15597037971019745,
0.12242074310779572,
0.14096368849277496,
-0.16249628365039825,
0.030128629878163338,
-0.05716496333479881,
0.24929063022136688,
0.0611550398170948,
0.593932032585144,
0.6054331064224243,
0.36183300614356995,
0.2746095061302185,
0.17965084314346313,
-0.1956292688846588,
0.03179102763533592,
-0.24013052880764008,
0.10861995071172714,
-0.48523077368736267,
-0.06438922882080078,
-0.4783223271369934,
0.3051152527332306,
0.2742196023464203,
0.48051053285598755,
-0.04472661390900612,
0.8938384652137756,
-0.05315359681844711,
0.36027318239212036,
0.6522663831710815,
-0.1478765457868576,
-0.5687572956085205,
-0.48288124799728394,
-0.08106100559234619,
-0.005399209912866354,
0.468562513589859,
0.4355982840061188,
0.3720376491546631,
-0.1391189843416214,
0.3597450256347656,
-0.4892409145832062,
-0.6178539991378784,
0.25514352321624756,
0.17660093307495117,
-1.2953330278396606,
0.05061839520931244,
0.1522509902715683,
-0.4559777081012726,
-0.2000216543674469,
-0.045335471630096436,
1.277081847190857,
0.7567890286445618,
-0.5285297632217407,
-0.14838340878486633,
-0.5327762365341187,
0.22554604709148407,
-0.18587221205234528,
0.2592261731624603,
0.07000815868377686,
-0.7512752413749695,
-0.7912711501121521,
-0.30553847551345825,
0.45535263419151306,
-0.4549875259399414,
-0.6501703858375549,
-0.24297404289245605,
-0.4041333496570587,
-0.39213553071022034,
0.12549814581871033,
-0.22002454102039337,
-0.49552324414253235,
0.5986822247505188,
-0.07394514977931976
]
|
128281 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marshville%2C%20North%20Carolina | Marshville, North Carolina | Marshville is a town in Union County, North Carolina, United States. Its population was 2,402 at the 2010 census. Marshville is known as the birthplace of country music singer Randy Travis.
Geography
Marshville is located at (34.988458, -80.367845).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which, of it is land and 0.49% is water.
Demographics
2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 2,522 people, 889 households, and 609 families residing in the town.
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 2,402 people, 809 households, and 581 families residing in the town. The population density was 1,151.4 people per square mile (444.5/km2). There were 868 housing units at an average density of 423.5 per square mile (163.5/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 48% White, 45.3% African American, 0.06% Native American, 0.20% Asian, 4% from other races, and 1.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.22% of the population.
There were 812 households, out of which 37.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.7% were married couples living together, 15.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.8% were non-families. 24.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.79 and the average family size was 3.36.
In the town the population was spread out, with 28.8% under the age of 18, 8.2% from 18 to 24, 29.2% from 25 to 44, 19.3% from 45 to 64, and 14.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 81.0 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $36,140, and the median income for a family was $42,589. Males had a median income of $30,039 versus $21,413 for females. The per capita income for the town was $15,498. About 8.3% of families and 10.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.3% of those under age 18 and 13.1% of those age 65 or over.
Culture
Marshville is the site of the Boll Weevil Festival, an annual street fair and carnival that takes place every fall.
Parts of the 1985 Oscar-nominated movie The Color Purple were filmed in Marshville. The movie was directed by Steven Spielberg and its cast included Oprah Winfrey and Whoopi Goldberg.
In June 2012 the Marshville Museum And Cultural Center was opened with exhibits on the history of Marshville, the surrounding area, and its residents.
Notable people
Joshua Park, actor and Theatre World Award winner (The Adventures of Tom Sawyer).
Randy Travis, country & western musician and actor.
K-Ci & JoJo, R&B singers and members of Jodeci.
References
Towns in North Carolina
Towns in Union County, North Carolina | [
-0.7636108994483948,
0.30388936400413513,
0.023549092933535576,
-0.5380373597145081,
0.8588429689407349,
0.15612412989139557,
0.6139588356018066,
0.6764503121376038,
-0.8213189244270325,
-0.5584258437156677,
-0.318764865398407,
0.3756053149700165,
-0.5145132541656494,
0.9426849484443665,
-0.9150862097740173,
0.9637759923934937,
0.20607030391693115,
0.45161327719688416,
0.3889469504356384,
-0.8478482365608215,
-0.0739753320813179,
-0.48993968963623047,
0.16030852496623993,
0.20871950685977936,
0.16634398698806763,
-0.053631022572517395,
0.687017560005188,
-0.05409064516425133,
0.15567554533481598,
0.03546667844057083,
-0.3124994933605194,
0.5564935803413391,
-0.30610138177871704,
-0.09956251084804535,
0.06462256610393524,
-0.3251640796661377,
-0.23075123131275177,
0.5902667045593262,
-0.009533531963825226,
-0.24741561710834503,
-0.936298131942749,
-0.2217847853899002,
-0.2714020907878876,
0.35676270723342896,
0.35884997248649597,
-0.2624262869358063,
-1.0657795667648315,
0.28718701004981995,
-1.124616026878357,
-0.7938746213912964,
-0.6315843462944031,
0.5276364088058472,
-0.2036018967628479,
0.6693991422653198,
0.15708979964256287,
0.1731577217578888,
-0.3478200435638428,
-0.024543246254324913,
0.918745756149292,
0.3863357901573181,
-0.46985486149787903,
0.3916180431842804,
0.042504578828811646,
0.3183499872684479,
-0.2943516969680786,
0.25280752778053284,
-0.007694978266954422,
1.013090968132019,
0.12401241064071655,
-0.28797274827957153,
0.09744314104318619,
-0.02832428179681301,
-0.1988048404455185,
0.32136639952659607,
0.22683745622634888,
0.6421544551849365,
-0.01122937723994255,
-0.41156479716300964,
0.11577637493610382,
0.20887413620948792,
0.3492516577243805,
-0.3061794638633728,
1.0385547876358032,
-0.010481133125722408,
0.2975156009197235,
0.34702980518341064,
-0.9182313084602356,
0.6664085388183594,
-0.5542314052581787,
0.38283225893974304,
-0.23386205732822418,
0.11083807796239853,
-0.04469818249344826,
-0.15882325172424316,
-0.1952706128358841,
0.5392007231712341,
-0.21316978335380554,
0.5579358339309692,
0.0045601422898471355,
0.6261706948280334,
-0.6451601982116699,
0.47117504477500916,
1.2766841650009155,
0.05558093264698982,
-0.4113810658454895,
-0.05117996037006378,
-0.6353366374969482,
-0.2926921546459198,
0.2379603534936905,
-0.021034328266978264,
-0.49883460998535156,
0.6860179901123047,
-0.13905034959316254,
-0.8034726977348328,
-0.6170048713684082,
0.39940008521080017,
0.2032817304134369,
-0.4638577401638031,
-0.005491600837558508,
0.1448974311351776,
0.4915413558483124,
0.7414201498031616,
-0.38065189123153687,
0.1056644544005394,
-0.03546564280986786,
0.13108806312084198,
0.29524102807044983,
-0.21287189424037933,
0.3344089984893799,
0.813363254070282,
-0.048800673335790634,
0.8861449956893921,
0.10865148901939392,
0.3545965850353241,
0.06465304642915726,
-0.05189337208867073,
-0.06686031818389893,
0.057925090193748474,
0.5742018818855286,
0.11946218460798264,
-0.9493199586868286,
0.09580916911363602,
-0.7974982857704163,
0.15889084339141846,
-0.22251632809638977,
-0.3967750370502472,
-0.2219151109457016,
-0.36327284574508667,
0.23145857453346252,
0.20537836849689484,
0.1648951917886734,
0.522929847240448,
0.3266637921333313,
0.14367911219596863,
-0.07401132583618164,
-0.039592307060956955,
0.27720358967781067,
0.07227440923452377,
0.3052620589733124,
0.342996209859848,
-0.10596893727779388,
0.8042508363723755,
0.90594482421875,
-0.04034797474741936,
0.33875659108161926,
0.11258773505687714,
0.6039619445800781,
-0.5146036148071289,
0.13664667308330536,
0.4150891900062561,
-0.6406781077384949,
0.5747100710868835,
1.0321848392486572,
-0.34277886152267456,
0.34617432951927185,
-0.5398655533790588,
0.9988550543785095,
0.02404431253671646,
0.07051560282707214,
-0.2096772938966751,
-0.9691619277000427,
0.16137073934078217,
0.7700288891792297,
-0.0625557079911232,
-0.20220403373241425,
0.5299813151359558,
0.5689781308174133,
-0.12089236825704575,
0.06251247227191925,
-0.5891897082328796,
-0.0246876273304224,
-0.3213265836238861,
0.5394411087036133,
0.09720833599567413,
0.7516666054725647,
0.44088834524154663,
-0.5668285489082336,
-0.011249260045588017,
-0.31904932856559753,
0.13001006841659546,
0.4220682978630066,
-0.5635203719139099,
0.23186953365802765,
-0.05780170485377312,
-0.20672644674777985,
0.18865396082401276,
0.19138145446777344,
-0.4693504571914673,
0.19168277084827423,
0.11930873245000839,
-0.4226684272289276,
-1.2199610471725464,
-0.2247532159090042,
0.6380860209465027,
-0.28226161003112793,
-0.8088804483413696,
-0.15977446734905243,
-0.18917980790138245,
0.280597060918808,
-0.5984558463096619,
0.67624831199646,
-0.2398093193769455,
0.026408726349473,
-0.45575812458992004,
-0.4186460077762604,
1.1053013801574707,
-0.053185343742370605,
-0.049819838255643845,
-0.08373137563467026,
-0.4740835130214691,
0.1978771686553955,
0.4630185663700104,
0.10403788834810257,
-0.8116306662559509,
0.02499386854469776,
-0.19789187610149384,
0.02725226618349552,
-0.5748100876808167,
0.34362345933914185,
-0.516293466091156,
-0.33792462944984436,
0.5064515471458435,
-1.069112777709961,
0.35817715525627136,
-0.14077217876911163,
0.27641764283180237,
-0.5053766369819641,
-0.08233453333377838,
-0.08350599557161331,
-0.9254316091537476,
0.5880457758903503,
0.4730801582336426,
0.5471029877662659,
0.10653170943260193,
-0.05296360328793526,
0.049473535269498825,
-0.31920236349105835,
0.6064770221710205,
0.6101810932159424,
-0.07356904447078705,
-0.5778467059135437,
0.5238561630249023,
-0.09125733375549316,
0.3146490454673767,
0.4134538471698761,
-0.9083335995674133,
-0.3801356256008148,
-0.34849146008491516,
-0.21733713150024414,
0.7009342908859253,
0.9301659464836121,
-0.6515522003173828,
-0.11019482463598251,
0.051327262073755264,
0.6136649250984192,
0.3786385953426361,
-0.17527396976947784,
-0.44877541065216064,
-1.016816258430481,
-0.0807405486702919,
0.0662524476647377,
1.1842010021209717,
-0.16354547441005707,
-0.3025069534778595,
0.5073990821838379,
-1.1724045276641846,
0.8867809772491455,
0.08562131971120834,
-0.32587385177612305,
-0.2103746235370636,
-0.5016127824783325,
0.1246182844042778,
-0.14243030548095703,
1.0617121458053589,
-0.5001375079154968,
0.40867504477500916,
0.17296870052814484,
-0.16697511076927185,
0.10868096351623535,
-0.2015317678451538,
-0.7316470146179199,
-0.06577131897211075,
-0.5198736786842346,
0.6182588934898376,
-0.03228260576725006,
-0.4694975018501282,
0.31436634063720703,
0.05422499030828476,
-4.476153373718262,
0.5492547750473022,
-0.048449017107486725,
-0.02689838595688343,
0.4978266954421997,
-0.38254132866859436,
0.23891684412956238,
-0.20041826367378235,
-0.30268213152885437,
0.7624390721321106,
-0.3281143605709076,
-0.19716013967990875,
-0.01997925341129303,
0.6548706293106079,
0.5727137923240662,
0.27678850293159485,
0.8707565069198608,
-0.4535042941570282,
0.4488443434238434,
0.32100236415863037,
-0.6673044562339783,
-0.0034651746973395348,
-0.24044670164585114,
-0.2546142637729645,
0.7061358690261841,
0.8121321797370911,
-0.4357586205005646,
-0.3780815899372101,
-0.5347865223884583,
0.3213084936141968,
-0.02525889314711094,
-0.5440418124198914,
-0.5828384160995483,
-0.1004333421587944,
0.0265760850161314,
-0.6058775186538696,
-0.1411878913640976,
-0.23605264723300934,
-0.12441185861825943,
-1.2356576919555664,
0.4458550810813904,
0.6620330810546875,
-1.5781054496765137,
-0.324237197637558,
0.6172369122505188,
-0.7490320205688477,
-0.33946463465690613,
0.438984215259552,
0.5256927609443665,
0.6364068388938904,
0.0603463351726532,
-0.32203009724617004,
0.9400928616523743,
0.22043995559215546,
0.06376507878303528,
0.08835482597351074,
0.6563925743103027,
-0.20725798606872559,
-0.23322585225105286,
0.6209546327590942,
0.635051429271698,
-0.8201932907104492,
-0.16624316573143005,
0.5501188635826111,
0.06167742609977722,
-0.5785143375396729,
0.17915388941764832,
0.2155299186706543,
0.3682393729686737,
-0.1554781198501587,
0.6524661183357239,
0.5411592721939087,
-0.09079335629940033,
-0.5440223217010498,
0.42726317048072815,
-0.32156679034233093,
-0.5429151654243469,
-0.5147048830986023,
-0.4375927448272705,
-0.20524626970291138,
-0.09153452515602112,
-0.033866800367832184,
1.0948601961135864,
0.641791820526123,
-0.0009442651062272489,
-0.35441797971725464,
-0.10489825159311295,
0.3662341833114624,
-0.8087985515594482,
-0.9209367632865906,
0.6367905139923096,
0.09675541520118713,
0.6026133298873901,
-0.40957918763160706,
0.11478094756603241,
0.4305941164493561,
0.5800989270210266,
0.3033309876918793,
-0.0710262730717659,
-0.24137838184833527,
0.5969643592834473,
-0.32700401544570923,
0.21499589085578918,
-0.2700197994709015,
-0.35803884267807007,
0.02717575803399086,
0.49246102571487427,
0.4548962414264679,
0.8482017517089844,
0.0008162841550074518,
-0.34929734468460083,
0.3155660033226013,
-0.04418826103210449,
-0.20415371656417847,
0.3916606605052948,
-0.3590354323387146,
0.23396223783493042,
0.5042421817779541,
0.37352532148361206,
-0.22705194354057312,
0.5523763298988342,
-0.0961657389998436,
-0.5130159854888916,
-0.3921843469142914,
-0.32161641120910645,
-0.49094170331954956,
1.1180540323257446,
-0.10095462948083878,
-0.6787970662117004,
0.40225833654403687,
-0.46908098459243774,
0.17109450697898865,
-0.8304750919342041,
-0.2864891588687897,
-0.008234549313783646,
-0.3713180124759674,
-0.5875802040100098,
-1.091632604598999,
0.18923917412757874,
0.954258918762207,
0.40845993161201477,
-0.15756453573703766,
-0.7796982526779175,
-0.02691078558564186,
-0.43366241455078125,
0.1502714604139328,
0.45925095677375793,
-0.06765370070934296,
-1.0053826570510864,
0.5084972381591797,
-0.5456393957138062,
-0.5341119766235352,
-0.9194893836975098,
-0.6387639045715332,
0.1919764131307602,
-0.40821659564971924,
0.5237166881561279,
-0.08805611729621887,
0.7119458317756653,
-0.37467193603515625,
-0.029360223561525345,
0.1783536970615387,
-1.1062562465667725,
0.39293524622917175,
-0.06607683002948761,
-0.5380540490150452,
0.09753215312957764,
0.2775671184062958,
-0.19883757829666138,
0.038968462496995926,
0.6065840125083923,
-0.2785632014274597,
-0.12182504683732986,
-0.2804180979728699,
0.09556345641613007,
-0.3452451229095459,
-0.20995084941387177,
0.7189275622367859,
-0.271043062210083,
-0.1876767873764038,
-0.04471058398485184,
-0.05279036611318588,
-1.0731637477874756,
-0.5333217978477478,
0.1475086510181427,
-0.5750844478607178,
-0.05687136575579643,
-0.22088922560214996,
-0.20188836753368378,
-0.22431407868862152,
-0.18666738271713257,
-0.2685725688934326,
0.542375385761261,
0.5106094479560852,
-0.24745480716228485,
-0.43311840295791626,
0.4610259234905243,
-0.032223835587501526,
-0.04056568816304207,
-0.40793389081954956,
0.2397579550743103,
0.5262250900268555,
-0.4030737280845642,
0.45842674374580383,
-0.16631494462490082,
-1.2323306798934937,
0.42652326822280884,
0.26609402894973755,
-0.45924538373947144,
1.4624990224838257,
-0.23915545642375946,
-0.33968526124954224,
0.5353564620018005,
0.37239256501197815,
-0.3974011242389679,
-0.44752952456474304,
0.3396790623664856,
-0.17363882064819336,
-0.33134397864341736,
0.06833953410387039,
-0.1870357245206833,
0.40673327445983887,
-0.4168640375137329,
-0.5527873635292053,
-0.8190902471542358,
0.47848230600357056,
0.6944608092308044,
-0.22304880619049072,
0.7631195783615112,
-0.5778458714485168,
0.04415450245141983,
-0.0002120278077200055,
0.34085097908973694,
0.7303099632263184,
-0.37306371331214905,
-0.22566528618335724,
0.06581681221723557,
-0.6722549200057983,
0.1053028553724289,
-0.4101186990737915,
0.5937396883964539,
0.778467059135437,
-0.012940160930156708,
-0.3911442160606384,
-0.2909597158432007,
-0.38863426446914673,
0.6927893757820129,
0.10949541628360748,
-1.1407099962234497,
0.3160638213157654,
0.9251754879951477,
-0.42478281259536743,
-1.1546927690505981,
0.15450650453567505,
1.0565032958984375,
-0.4015145003795624,
0.1374577432870865,
0.31794488430023193,
-0.13684983551502228,
-0.16482855379581451,
0.6308131217956543,
0.06372705101966858,
0.1816360205411911,
-0.07172044366598129,
0.43953070044517517,
-1.02263343334198,
0.18393994867801666,
-0.10947050154209137,
0.535139799118042,
-0.3349687457084656,
-0.6340445280075073,
0.03251646086573601,
-0.3631599247455597,
0.43237707018852234,
-0.4830300509929657,
0.22116965055465698,
-0.12319508194923401,
-1.4731504917144775,
0.3666834235191345,
0.44731003046035767,
-0.6791568994522095,
-0.5392277240753174,
-0.6489523649215698,
-0.20679771900177002,
-0.3856176435947418,
-0.8330917954444885,
0.2825602889060974,
0.012161635793745518,
-0.7621301412582397,
-0.059847187250852585,
-0.06405267119407654,
0.19018632173538208,
0.18964894115924835,
-1.0387651920318604,
-0.35597842931747437,
0.6000056862831116,
-0.5209934711456299,
0.4921098053455353,
0.36285650730133057,
0.13587947189807892,
-1.635865569114685,
0.9923581480979919,
-0.2260974794626236,
-0.9928970336914062,
0.6472535729408264,
-0.43734613060951233,
-0.5750167369842529,
-0.6674477458000183,
0.14544551074504852,
0.32042640447616577,
-0.03652867674827576,
-0.3886607885360718,
0.3053510785102844,
1.1432762145996094,
-0.17432600259780884,
0.038215965032577515,
0.5956376194953918,
-0.8439416885375977,
-0.42801883816719055,
0.46726754307746887,
-0.13943642377853394,
0.3201844096183777,
0.9552633762359619,
0.905992865562439,
-0.10968198627233505,
1.1868010759353638,
-0.3520679771900177,
0.27127885818481445,
-0.3120127022266388,
-0.06716011464595795,
0.0043196422047913074,
-0.8508270382881165,
-0.7580973505973816,
0.31639760732650757,
-0.08390617370605469,
-0.3284244239330292,
-0.14772950112819672,
-0.4402685761451721,
-0.8084346652030945,
0.1392027884721756,
0.006463903468102217,
-0.07649365067481995,
0.8599172234535217,
0.07496212422847748,
-0.3920193016529083,
-0.3587881028652191,
-0.5046226382255554,
0.07267284393310547,
0.22156068682670593,
-1.0531456470489502,
0.2536422908306122,
0.03374478220939636,
-0.15434269607067108,
-0.5625879764556885,
-0.44704294204711914,
0.07527559250593185,
0.4944048225879669,
-0.37505197525024414,
-1.070397138595581,
0.015395243652164936,
0.2605744004249573,
-0.1708189994096756,
0.8594560027122498,
-0.00960642471909523,
-0.014201975427567959,
0.07042726874351501,
0.6396689414978027,
0.001283341902308166,
-0.477904736995697,
1.2720754146575928,
0.45601195096969604,
0.1773885190486908,
0.6000861525535583,
0.6445810794830322,
0.30118435621261597,
0.7107394337654114,
-0.08137316256761551,
0.5212908983230591,
-0.5189216136932373,
-0.398863285779953,
-0.011174199171364307,
-0.22815419733524323,
-0.28773927688598633,
-0.1441977173089981,
-0.21932744979858398,
-0.47808730602264404,
-0.32595503330230713,
-0.1944563090801239,
0.28090476989746094,
-0.34507545828819275,
-0.589526355266571,
-0.13048633933067322,
0.1831558346748352,
-0.03437787666916847,
-0.05721469968557358,
0.22419510781764984,
0.1641772836446762,
0.9422032833099365,
0.776572585105896,
0.4925236701965332,
0.4153766632080078,
0.3383737802505493,
-0.33889469504356384,
0.07162999361753464,
0.019246604293584824,
0.5739454030990601,
-0.7202522158622742,
0.7134000062942505,
-0.762113630771637,
0.9229313731193542,
0.3163638710975647,
1.027194857597351,
-0.24483460187911987,
1.080815315246582,
-0.4762342870235443,
0.050082072615623474,
0.4910517930984497,
-0.19448624551296234,
-0.3859504759311676,
-0.36119675636291504,
0.09273336827754974,
0.3924030661582947,
0.20313695073127747,
0.47077906131744385,
-0.1885727345943451,
-0.271820604801178,
0.3091588020324707,
-0.30103710293769836,
-0.6514914035797119,
0.08469261229038239,
0.08081615716218948,
-0.8145327568054199,
-0.18703170120716095,
0.02425740845501423,
-0.7683897018432617,
-0.007350728381425142,
-0.3583030700683594,
1.0452181100845337,
0.33507031202316284,
-0.6602800488471985,
-0.1061633750796318,
-0.2224477082490921,
-0.014184804633259773,
-0.028700580820441246,
-0.00036674956209026277,
-0.02951803430914879,
-0.745477020740509,
-0.5243918299674988,
-0.3945590853691101,
0.900590181350708,
-0.20508621633052826,
-1.0135812759399414,
0.09294269979000092,
-0.2970936596393585,
0.09252817928791046,
0.35245081782341003,
-0.009133370593190193,
-0.41733330488204956,
0.2007145881652832,
0.24048566818237305
]
|
128282 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marvin%2C%20North%20Carolina | Marvin, North Carolina | Marvin is a village in Union County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 5,579 at the 2010 census. It is a suburb of Charlotte, North Carolina. Marvin has been noted as the richest town in North Carolina.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of , of which, of it is land and of it (0.51%) is water. Marvin is a border territory, which is in the state of North Carolina but borders South Carolina to the Southwest.
Demographics
As of the census of 2010, there were 5,579 people, 1,553 households, and 1,463 families residing in the village. The population density was 1429 people per square mile (551.8/km2). There were 1506 housing units at an average density of 386 per square mile (149.1/km2). The racial makeup of the village was 86.2% White, 5.7% African American, 5.4% Asian, and 1.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.3% of the population.
There were 1553 households, out of which 67.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 89.4% were married couples living together, 2.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 5.8% were non-families. 4.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 1.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.59 and the average family size was 3.73.
In the village, the population was spread out, with 33.6% under the age of 18, 3.4% from 18 to 24, 33.8% from 25 to 44, 24.2% from 45 to 64, and 5.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.1 males.
The median income for a household in the village was $157,297, and the median income for a family was $158,537. Males had a median income of $127,159 versus $51,053 for females. The per capita income for the village was $57,822. About 1.6% of families and 1.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.2% of those under age 18 and 0% of those age 65 or over.
The Village enacted a new land use plan in 2004, in an attempt to firmly establish its desire to preserve its open spaces, and low-density character. Marvin is located near Ballantyne, South Charlotte.
References
Villages in Union County, North Carolina
Villages in North Carolina | [
-0.42359670996665955,
0.4571753442287445,
-0.07367310672998428,
-0.17472034692764282,
0.49639323353767395,
0.06549999862909317,
0.7279189825057983,
0.5175913572311401,
-0.46012431383132935,
0.10474257171154022,
-0.6290707588195801,
0.14874494075775146,
-0.2614990174770355,
0.7590996026992798,
-1.016133189201355,
0.6264491081237793,
0.11037138849496841,
0.8646008372306824,
0.4549873471260071,
-0.9076142311096191,
0.22452008724212646,
-0.9249539971351624,
-0.1269831359386444,
0.4104408025741577,
0.18250049650669098,
0.3899920582771301,
0.6681507229804993,
-0.048463836312294006,
0.14376141130924225,
0.2564355432987213,
-0.42482513189315796,
0.10972782969474792,
-0.09636719524860382,
-0.24214871227741241,
0.5094180703163147,
-0.13601970672607422,
-0.07987938821315765,
0.15213175117969513,
0.37742912769317627,
-0.05163874849677086,
-0.350165992975235,
0.1281891018152237,
0.09998039901256561,
0.2217564880847931,
-0.26955512166023254,
-0.7580943703651428,
-1.5315909385681152,
0.18521466851234436,
-0.5581017732620239,
-1.1005892753601074,
-0.8485748171806335,
0.3536558449268341,
-0.28248244524002075,
0.6540719866752625,
0.48828890919685364,
0.10920180380344391,
0.16613006591796875,
0.222617968916893,
1.0437828302383423,
0.44656121730804443,
-0.31822994351387024,
0.35214555263519287,
0.18393409252166748,
-0.12935255467891693,
-0.05588880181312561,
0.25478413701057434,
-0.31890973448753357,
0.5258306860923767,
-0.11565272510051727,
-0.47050100564956665,
-0.2442440688610077,
0.09645824879407883,
-0.0021014087833464146,
0.27315670251846313,
-0.19812603294849396,
0.9081286191940308,
-0.03033190779387951,
0.015705542638897896,
-0.17270192503929138,
-0.06250297278165817,
0.09857769310474396,
-0.2361108362674713,
0.5644056797027588,
-0.09140504896640778,
0.2906089723110199,
0.6109785437583923,
-0.7518205046653748,
0.28837835788726807,
0.29752156138420105,
0.7451903223991394,
-0.5291361808776855,
0.2539580166339874,
-0.5697049498558044,
0.21091879904270172,
-0.38204681873321533,
0.1998717039823532,
0.09307055920362473,
-0.1263875961303711,
0.06185121461749077,
0.4471761882305145,
-0.22821709513664246,
0.7600540518760681,
1.4001193046569824,
-0.3891794979572296,
-0.3362920880317688,
-0.39578312635421753,
-0.6835604906082153,
-0.5008260011672974,
0.05663469061255455,
-0.4511641561985016,
-0.9408139586448669,
0.6127153635025024,
-0.08833213895559311,
-0.9204561114311218,
-0.27957233786582947,
1.2548578977584839,
0.1823607236146927,
-0.6006967425346375,
-0.13562867045402527,
0.2338642030954361,
-0.03734251484274864,
0.9822472333908081,
-0.49228814244270325,
0.39606744050979614,
0.05058141425251961,
0.44595471024513245,
0.122832752764225,
0.29192739725112915,
-0.13582397997379303,
0.6681389808654785,
-0.40097111463546753,
0.22165849804878235,
0.26197147369384766,
0.35211503505706787,
0.03678882494568825,
-0.4033450186252594,
0.4599536657333374,
0.2289440780878067,
0.7929025292396545,
0.218332901597023,
-0.7892342805862427,
-0.14594267308712006,
-0.8836612105369568,
0.04441625252366066,
0.023260604590177536,
-0.4764223098754883,
0.11770058423280716,
-0.3420340418815613,
0.2200218141078949,
0.32405227422714233,
0.12245333194732666,
0.04255595803260803,
0.6072517037391663,
-0.008914800360798836,
-0.663515031337738,
-0.05681518465280533,
0.08584453910589218,
0.154415100812912,
0.5794413685798645,
0.491168349981308,
0.028713613748550415,
0.8592163920402527,
0.3882884383201599,
0.15915262699127197,
-0.004258361645042896,
0.10679057985544205,
0.8522403836250305,
-0.3690090775489807,
-0.19170968234539032,
0.08395572006702423,
-0.40007323026657104,
0.5143512487411499,
0.7383942604064941,
-0.2999567985534668,
0.5265201330184937,
-0.382699579000473,
0.8977539539337158,
0.1368548721075058,
0.2961970269680023,
-0.399657279253006,
-0.872788667678833,
0.5116361975669861,
0.6749611496925354,
0.1757359504699707,
-0.0869712084531784,
0.420734167098999,
0.4007037580013275,
-0.2996460199356079,
-0.7443420886993408,
-0.20135650038719177,
-0.3043553829193115,
-0.40154939889907837,
0.5408962965011597,
-0.15361212193965912,
0.6977961659431458,
0.605914294719696,
-0.34063640236854553,
0.3285501301288605,
-0.5864117741584778,
0.4359057545661926,
0.2990705668926239,
-0.40687745809555054,
0.3316185772418976,
-0.09179417788982391,
-0.12996333837509155,
0.5713136196136475,
0.4100584387779236,
-0.0836469903588295,
0.5369309186935425,
0.3096890151500702,
0.02190161868929863,
-0.9563808441162109,
-0.219457745552063,
0.5635523796081543,
-0.3946993947029114,
-0.3858421742916107,
0.05554981902241707,
0.02355892024934292,
0.09632982313632965,
-0.3946703374385834,
0.8850906491279602,
-0.1390702873468399,
-0.011314000003039837,
-0.3805044889450073,
-0.15464957058429718,
1.023087978363037,
0.6274250149726868,
0.1913079470396042,
-0.5533711910247803,
0.13433091342449188,
-0.14623330533504486,
0.3905734121799469,
-0.05587201938033104,
-0.8013213276863098,
-0.025138139724731445,
-0.5271721482276917,
-0.16538600623607635,
-0.6531241536140442,
0.4997362792491913,
-0.24059294164180756,
-0.5877684354782104,
0.23518946766853333,
-0.6853416562080383,
0.07386499643325806,
-0.09244104474782944,
0.49122512340545654,
-0.18297408521175385,
-0.1680210381746292,
0.15982891619205475,
-0.7219526767730713,
-0.3308940827846527,
0.133171945810318,
0.7202943563461304,
0.2593918442726135,
0.41689783334732056,
0.05907564237713814,
0.004541919566690922,
0.7441269755363464,
0.10162540525197983,
0.14590366184711456,
-0.028748217970132828,
0.43703895807266235,
-0.19347070157527924,
-0.24769151210784912,
-0.05610893294215202,
-0.7606903910636902,
-0.9006766080856323,
-0.02023240178823471,
-0.06609497219324112,
0.6020498871803284,
0.36008891463279724,
-0.6425699591636658,
0.1543058604001999,
-0.47941645979881287,
0.8799763321876526,
0.42939645051956177,
-0.3431744873523712,
-0.5668773055076599,
-1.02967369556427,
0.1329534351825714,
0.4684183597564697,
1.0634944438934326,
-0.6120764017105103,
-0.22223275899887085,
0.6286371350288391,
-0.38247907161712646,
1.4051542282104492,
-0.34580087661743164,
-0.16817457973957062,
-0.3602199852466583,
-0.026541810482740402,
0.06307986378669739,
-0.19077056646347046,
0.9241217374801636,
-0.2735270857810974,
0.1573592722415924,
0.19303631782531738,
-0.19091054797172546,
0.17955973744392395,
0.27208685874938965,
-0.6521944403648376,
0.517116367816925,
-1.0447171926498413,
0.2929709851741791,
-0.003030036576092243,
-0.7280497550964355,
0.14578038454055786,
-0.1449507176876068,
-4.737812519073486,
0.5288211703300476,
-0.500514566898346,
0.003841276280581951,
0.29536259174346924,
-0.25437095761299133,
0.07554453611373901,
-0.4110845625400543,
-0.3082486093044281,
0.6357623338699341,
-0.019722003489732742,
-0.9691701531410217,
-0.18752305209636688,
0.6807371377944946,
0.6046172976493835,
0.26736459136009216,
1.1308088302612305,
-0.3367420732975006,
0.752677857875824,
0.20575016736984253,
-0.35954737663269043,
0.17633266746997833,
-0.45250841975212097,
-0.40738701820373535,
0.6428150534629822,
0.7105766534805298,
0.31933748722076416,
-0.7933214902877808,
-0.8300026655197144,
-0.12220772355794907,
0.07195556163787842,
0.18099768459796906,
-0.7883601784706116,
0.03356967866420746,
-0.002957605989649892,
-0.15109464526176453,
0.10185680538415909,
-0.32772067189216614,
0.5815195441246033,
-0.37745580077171326,
0.5203473567962646,
0.4857984483242035,
-1.019350290298462,
-0.3892345428466797,
0.9204064607620239,
-0.4782992899417877,
-0.7768757939338684,
-0.0620708130300045,
0.06374174356460571,
0.6761953234672546,
0.017856603488326073,
-0.27262237668037415,
1.1315386295318604,
-0.3821316063404083,
-0.06865304708480835,
-0.11013966053724289,
0.7258720397949219,
0.01642269268631935,
-0.33270934224128723,
0.9933030605316162,
0.5327813029289246,
-0.7566986083984375,
-0.003251297166571021,
-0.07489120960235596,
-0.35307174921035767,
-0.6616727113723755,
0.27016475796699524,
-0.18301990628242493,
0.19548529386520386,
0.16252824664115906,
0.12348388880491257,
0.6076771020889282,
-0.3690081834793091,
-0.45090582966804504,
0.33867594599723816,
-0.5415659546852112,
-0.6529663801193237,
-0.2836252748966217,
-0.6266828179359436,
0.05947916954755783,
0.2685006260871887,
-0.11429958045482635,
0.8413075804710388,
1.0262534618377686,
-0.23385950922966003,
-0.41344335675239563,
-0.32344794273376465,
0.3755235970020294,
-0.4182019531726837,
-0.4083988070487976,
0.4641546607017517,
0.08906681090593338,
0.42586949467658997,
-0.19085603952407837,
0.16213220357894897,
0.45141392946243286,
0.42555850744247437,
-0.1601274460554123,
-0.1607905477285385,
-0.4428746998310089,
0.2250688523054123,
-0.3848189115524292,
-0.05878042057156563,
-0.10327386111021042,
-0.5060295462608337,
-0.2612190544605255,
0.02643999084830284,
0.33488374948501587,
0.29218944907188416,
-0.17079389095306396,
-0.6476362943649292,
-0.1574687510728836,
-0.21213017404079437,
-0.14800889790058136,
0.6707541346549988,
-0.5820586085319519,
0.31166377663612366,
0.8373175859451294,
0.3436744511127472,
0.424198716878891,
0.16798755526542664,
0.051930464804172516,
-0.13664473593235016,
-0.5178139209747314,
-0.39258620142936707,
-0.5095090270042419,
0.8652903437614441,
-0.0386013425886631,
-0.4668187201023102,
0.2696933448314667,
-0.5875484347343445,
0.008847246877849102,
-0.5461268424987793,
-0.08548367023468018,
-0.3494013249874115,
-0.2793806195259094,
-0.5468933582305908,
-1.1433058977127075,
-0.1837095469236374,
0.7198285460472107,
0.7632266283035278,
-0.050896599888801575,
-0.7138606905937195,
0.4409271478652954,
-0.5452219843864441,
-0.16244423389434814,
0.5397676825523376,
0.24237310886383057,
-0.8358154892921448,
0.39792004227638245,
-0.47623056173324585,
-0.9138100147247314,
-0.0032236073166131973,
-0.7334079146385193,
0.17057518661022186,
-0.3986257016658783,
0.6066946983337402,
0.5060309767723083,
0.492953896522522,
-0.5118813514709473,
0.09659606963396072,
0.39951491355895996,
-0.627627968788147,
0.7805819511413574,
0.2736428678035736,
-0.2121218591928482,
-0.2836705148220062,
0.15650250017642975,
-0.3534768223762512,
0.3478638827800751,
0.6491850018501282,
-0.6202126741409302,
-0.13199546933174133,
-0.03452577441930771,
0.2775549590587616,
-0.10477881133556366,
0.4822631776332855,
0.5059430003166199,
0.061500243842601776,
-0.27996641397476196,
-0.22654910385608673,
-0.16051144897937775,
-0.9260408282279968,
-0.28130507469177246,
0.18730482459068298,
-0.5884010195732117,
0.04942203685641289,
-0.359092652797699,
0.057608943432569504,
0.03610459715127945,
-0.0008006230928003788,
-0.5418705940246582,
0.36429286003112793,
0.20730255544185638,
-0.4827498495578766,
-0.35100266337394714,
0.6476855874061584,
-0.36116546392440796,
-0.12615245580673218,
-0.5320967435836792,
0.2607080936431885,
0.41909778118133545,
-0.8426364064216614,
0.6860113739967346,
0.07280640304088593,
-1.4092202186584473,
0.4436196982860565,
0.7948325872421265,
-0.5624017715454102,
1.2972573041915894,
-0.2827223241329193,
-0.6398594975471497,
0.256895512342453,
0.08149455487728119,
-0.2854060232639313,
0.030354565009474754,
0.22192615270614624,
-0.07644151896238327,
-0.43680936098098755,
0.1731792837381363,
-0.5038440823554993,
-0.2631067931652069,
-0.23772495985031128,
-0.5345138311386108,
-0.4621982276439667,
0.23962722718715668,
0.09737847000360489,
-0.21513505280017853,
0.7877290844917297,
-1.0348981618881226,
-0.6464689373970032,
0.10931570827960968,
0.40649256110191345,
0.28567221760749817,
-0.3791961669921875,
-0.39173442125320435,
0.2578565180301666,
-0.2275790125131607,
0.39924314618110657,
-0.4878302812576294,
0.4505223035812378,
0.46740737557411194,
0.4233206808567047,
-0.20752324163913727,
-0.637453019618988,
-0.4338834881782532,
0.6203183531761169,
-0.13565696775913239,
-1.127305030822754,
0.5192738175392151,
0.4745040833950043,
-0.5294440984725952,
-0.8800894618034363,
-0.19403010606765747,
1.220099687576294,
0.5327067971229553,
0.26559391617774963,
0.6947951912879944,
-0.1076807826757431,
-0.3176613748073578,
0.3242236077785492,
0.050257887691259384,
-0.1809309720993042,
-0.1828271746635437,
0.46554213762283325,
-0.3094695806503296,
0.12702853977680206,
0.11172693222761154,
0.8770719766616821,
-0.468168169260025,
-0.6042466163635254,
-0.07498982548713684,
-0.002219676272943616,
0.5484679937362671,
-0.4774046838283539,
0.38961514830589294,
0.12363632768392563,
-0.9599250555038452,
0.060459502041339874,
0.3027445077896118,
-0.22571180760860443,
-0.2560396194458008,
-0.22931607067584991,
-0.1554555743932724,
0.2680591642856598,
-0.5289962887763977,
-0.14431846141815186,
0.06207585334777832,
-0.11474917083978653,
0.4445880651473999,
-0.5630620718002319,
0.21421678364276886,
0.09869538992643356,
-0.7011314630508423,
-0.18358339369297028,
0.40385565161705017,
0.1627129167318344,
0.4878256618976593,
-0.07774804532527924,
0.03279276192188263,
-1.1965956687927246,
0.6884180307388306,
-0.19407619535923004,
-0.8175466656684875,
1.0020736455917358,
-0.2303086370229721,
-0.31511157751083374,
-0.48772361874580383,
0.5081743001937866,
0.030075084418058395,
-0.39175447821617126,
-0.1894347220659256,
0.3262534439563751,
0.861758828163147,
-0.41119077801704407,
-0.048192910850048065,
0.5926985740661621,
-0.7973042130470276,
-0.23788626492023468,
0.8855074644088745,
-0.11277125030755997,
0.36866262555122375,
0.5377852916717529,
0.9422817230224609,
-0.18311239778995514,
1.0799133777618408,
0.12560266256332397,
0.3707849979400635,
0.13738849759101868,
-0.23772558569908142,
-0.33080825209617615,
-1.0809910297393799,
-0.38683387637138367,
-0.09140793979167938,
-0.33074283599853516,
-0.7010166049003601,
-0.1522541642189026,
-0.3007889688014984,
-0.8340209126472473,
0.863622784614563,
-0.4116005301475525,
0.07131128013134003,
0.23488262295722961,
-0.06800868362188339,
-0.2157059907913208,
-0.34461942315101624,
0.18971239030361176,
0.28467023372650146,
0.5913940072059631,
-0.31887125968933105,
0.015399083495140076,
0.17746329307556152,
-0.16086602210998535,
-0.6319060921669006,
-0.39884841442108154,
-0.3352685868740082,
0.502305269241333,
-0.26473554968833923,
-0.8073853254318237,
-0.472416490316391,
0.0402337908744812,
-0.42749568819999695,
0.652368426322937,
0.17976954579353333,
0.16306117177009583,
-0.14736433327198029,
0.34026092290878296,
0.2678680121898651,
-0.44393274188041687,
0.9784959554672241,
0.25106894969940186,
-0.22491836547851562,
0.3641168177127838,
-0.025484710931777954,
0.18662722408771515,
0.48526591062545776,
-0.08501140028238297,
0.5078614354133606,
-0.7519749999046326,
0.031302742660045624,
0.16314446926116943,
-0.038719646632671356,
-0.530975341796875,
-0.19708672165870667,
0.28077536821365356,
0.062717504799366,
-0.261541485786438,
0.09998481720685959,
0.6786242723464966,
-0.32349857687950134,
0.21234703063964844,
0.3161086440086365,
-0.18523375689983368,
-0.10408486425876617,
-0.05662040784955025,
0.336887925863266,
-0.050523530691862106,
0.7875242233276367,
0.4900965690612793,
0.34692516922950745,
0.41469499468803406,
0.18701815605163574,
-0.2094036489725113,
0.16872280836105347,
-0.10036361962556839,
0.0203587394207716,
-0.9724150896072388,
0.3852715790271759,
-1.3747996091842651,
0.6226118803024292,
-0.3004860579967499,
0.6523241400718689,
-0.07528345286846161,
0.787787675857544,
-0.1667652577161789,
0.13050194084644318,
0.6179824471473694,
-0.31156283617019653,
-0.5219683051109314,
0.05796785652637482,
0.12250619381666183,
0.009297688491642475,
0.13256223499774933,
0.4641876816749573,
0.06807100027799606,
-0.7269785404205322,
0.30978500843048096,
-0.49234312772750854,
-0.8889822363853455,
-0.1046161875128746,
0.19539690017700195,
-0.8453419804573059,
0.19256296753883362,
-0.28399378061294556,
-0.5865470767021179,
-0.48538193106651306,
0.006186986807733774,
1.1851024627685547,
0.3558688163757324,
-0.7952914834022522,
-0.2954791188240051,
-0.525149405002594,
0.25188159942626953,
0.281946063041687,
-0.7829787731170654,
-0.28189948201179504,
-0.689281165599823,
-0.7142082452774048,
-0.21726860105991364,
0.5586450099945068,
-0.6363086700439453,
-0.46521857380867004,
0.27749505639076233,
-0.4749036133289337,
-0.03882003203034401,
0.4525214433670044,
-0.21654774248600006,
-0.4312072694301605,
0.6233426928520203,
0.2098367065191269
]
|
128284 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All%20Souls%20College%2C%20Oxford | All Souls College, Oxford | All Souls College (official name: College of the Souls of All the Faithful Departed) is a constituent college of the University of Oxford in England. Unique to All Souls, all of its members automatically become fellows (i.e. full members of the college's governing body). It has no undergraduate members, but each year recent graduate and postgraduate students at Oxford are eligible to apply for a small number of examination fellowships through a competitive examination (once described as "the hardest exam in the world") and, for those shortlisted after the examinations, an interview.
The college entrance is on the north side of the High Street whilst it has a long frontage onto Radcliffe Square. To its east is The Queen's College whilst Hertford College is to the north of All Souls.
The current warden (head of the college) is Sir John Vickers, a graduate of Oriel College, Oxford.
History
The college was founded by Henry VI of England and Henry Chichele (fellow of New College and Archbishop of Canterbury), in 1438, to commemorate the victims of the Hundred Years' War. The Statutes provided for a warden and forty fellows; all to take Holy Orders: 24 to study arts, philosophy and theology; and 16 to study civil or canon law.
Today the college is primarily a graduate research institution, with no undergraduate members. All Souls did formerly have undergraduates: Robert Hovenden (Warden of the college from 1571 to 1614) introduced undergraduates to provide the fellows with servientes (household servants), but this was abandoned by the end of the Commonwealth. Four Bible Clerks remained on the foundation until 1924.
For over five hundred years All Souls College admitted only men; women were first allowed to join the college as fellows in 1979, the same year as many other previously all-male colleges in the university.
Buildings and architecture
All Souls College Library
The All Souls College Library (formerly known as the Codrington Library) was founded through a 1710 bequest from Christopher Codrington (1668β1710), a fellow of the college and a wealthy slave and sugar plantation owner. Codrington was an undergraduate at Oxford and later became colonial governor of the Leeward Islands. Christopher Codrington was born in Barbados, and amassed a fortune from his sugar plantation in the West Indies.
Under the terms of his will Codrington bequeathed books worth Β£6,000 to the college in addition to Β£10,000 in currency for the library to be rebuilt and endowed. The new library was completed in 1751 to the designs of Nicholas Hawksmoor and has been in continuous use since then. Today the library comprises some 185,000 items, about a third of which were published before 1800. The collections are particularly strong in law and history (especially military history).
Sir Christopher Wren was a fellow from 1653, and in 1658 produced a sundial for the college. This was originally placed on the south wall of the Chapel, but in 1877 was moved to the quadrangle (above the central entrance to the Codrington Library).
In 2020, the College decided to cease referring to the Library as βThe Codrington Libraryβ as part of a set of "steps to address the problematic nature of the Codrington legacy", which comes from wealth derived from slave plantations.
Chapel
Built between 1438 and 1442, the college chapel remained largely unchanged until the Commonwealth. Oxford, having been a largely Royalist stronghold, suffered under the Puritans' wrath. The 42 misericords date from the Chapel's building, and show a resemblance to the misericords at St Mary's Church, Higham Ferrers. Both may have been carved by Richard Tyllock. During the 1660s a screen was installed in the Chapel, which was based on a design by Wren. However, this screen needed to be rebuilt by 1713. By the mid-19th century the Chapel was in great need of renovation, and so the current structure is heavily influenced by Victorian design ideals.
All services at the chapel are according to the Book of Common Prayer; the King James Bible is also used rather than more modern translations.
Wealth
All Souls is one of the wealthiest colleges in Oxford, with a financial endowment of Β£420.2Β million (2018). However, since the college's principal source of revenue is its endowment and it does not earn income from tuition fees, it only ranked 19th (in 2007) among Oxford colleges in total income. All Souls is a registered charity under English law.
Fellowships
Examination fellowships
In the three years following the award of their bachelor's degrees, students graduating from Oxford and current Oxford postgraduate students having graduated elsewhere are eligible to apply for examination fellowships (sometimes informally referred to as "prize fellowships") of seven years each. While tutors may advise their students to sit for the All Souls examination fellowship, the examination is open to anybody who fulfils the eligibility criteria and the college does not issue invitations to candidates to sit. Every year in early March, the college hosts an open evening for women, offering women interested in the examination fellowship an opportunity to find out more about the exam process and to meet members of the college.
Each year several dozen candidates typically sit the examination. Two examination fellows are usually elected each year, although the college has awarded a single place or three places in some years, and on rare occasions made no award.
The competition, offered since 1878 and open to women since 1979, is held over two days in late September, with two papers of three hours each per day. It has been described in the past as "the hardest exam in the world".
Two papers (the 'specialist papers') are on a single subject of the candidate's choice; the options are classics, English literature, economics, history, law, philosophy, and politics. Candidates may sit their two specialist papers in different specialist subjects, provided each paper is in one subject only (for example, a candidate might sit one paper in History and one paper in Politics). Candidates who choose Classics have an additional translation examination on a third day.
Two papers (the 'general papers') are on general subjects. For each general examination, candidates choose three questions from a list. Past questions have included:
"'If a man could say nothing against a character but what he could prove, history could not be written' (Samuel Johnson). Discuss."
"Should the Orange Prize for Fiction be open to both men and women?"
"Does the moral character of an orgy change when the participants wear Nazi uniforms?"
Before 2010 candidates also faced another examination, a free-form "Essay" on a single, pre-selected word.
Four to six finalists are invited to a viva voce or oral examination. Previously, these candidates were then invited to dinner with about 75 members of the college. The dinner did not form part of the assessment, but was intended as a reward for those candidates who had reached the latter stages of the selection process. However, the dinner has been discontinued as the college felt candidates worried too often that it was part of the assessment process.
About a dozen examination fellows are at the college at any one time. There are no compulsory teaching or requirements, although examination fellows must pursue a course of study or research at some point within their first two years of fellowship. They can study anything for free at Oxford with room and board. As "Londoners" they can pursue approved non-academic careers if desired, with a reduced stipend, as long as they pursue academia on a part-time basis and attend weekend dinners at the college during their first academic year. each examination fellow receives a stipend of Β£14,842 annually for the first two years; the stipend then varies depending on whether the fellow pursues an academic career.
Notable candidates
Until 1979, women were not permitted to put themselves forward for fellowships at All Souls.
Successful
Leo Amery (1897), politician
Sir Isaiah Berlin (1932), philosopher
George Earle Buckle (1877), journalist
George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston (1883), Viceroy of India
Geoffrey Dawson (1898), journalist
Matthew d'Ancona (1989), journalist
John Gardner (1986), legal philosopher
Birke HΓ€cker (2001), legal scholar
Quintin Hogg, Baron Hailsham of St Marylebone (1931), politician and philosopher
Douglas Jay, Baron Jay (1930), politician
Keith Joseph, Baron Joseph (1946), politician
Cosmo Gordon Lang, 1st Baron Lang of Lambeth (1888), Archbishop of Canterbury
T. E. Lawrence (1919), "Lawrence of Arabia", military officer, writer
M. N. Srinivas, Social anthropologist
Sir Jeremy Morse, banker
David Pannick, Baron Pannick (1978), barrister
Derek Parfit (1974), philosopher
Sir John Redwood (1972), politician
A. L. Rowse (1925), historian and poet
Katherine Rundell (2008), author
Amia Srinivasan (2009), philosopher
John Simon, 1st Viscount Simon (1897), politician
William Waldegrave, Baron Waldegrave of North Hill (1971), politician
Richard Wilberforce, Baron Wilberforce (1932), jurist
Sir Bernard Williams (1951), philosopher
Crispin Wright (1969), philosopher
Sir John Vickers (1979), economist
Unsuccessful
Hilaire Belloc (1895), author
John Buchan, 1st Baron Tweedsmuir (1899), author and Governor General of Canada
Lord David Cecil, author
H. L. A. Hart (1929, 1930), philosopher
Sir William Holdsworth (1897), legal historian
Harry Mount (1994), journalist
Ramsay Muir (1897), politician
Tom Denning, Baron Denning (1923), jurist
Hugh Trevor-Roper, Baron Dacre of Glanton, historian
Eric Williams, politician
Harold Wilson, Baron Wilson of Rievaulx, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
Tom Bingham, Baron Bingham of Cornhill, jurist
Subjects of the "Essay"
"bias"
"censorship"
"chaos"
"charity"
"comedy"
"conversion" (1979)
"corruption"
"culture" (1914)
"diversity" (2001)
"error" (1993)
"harmony" (2007)
"innocence" (1964)
"integrity" (2004)
"mercy"
"miracles" (1994)
"morality"
"novelty" (2008)
"originality"
"possessions" (1925)
"reproduction" (2009)
"style" (2005)
"water" (2006)
Other fellowships
Other categories of fellowship include:
Senior research fellows (a renewable seven year appointment)
Extraordinary research fellows (elected to conduct research into the college's history)
Visiting fellows (academics from other universities, usually elected for a period of one term to one year)
Post-doctoral research fellows (a non-renewable five year post open to those who have recently completed doctoral study at a recognised university)
Fifty-pound fellows (open only to former fellows no longer holding posts in Oxford)
Official fellows (consisting of holders of college posts, such as the Domestic Bursar, Estates Bursar, Chaplain, and Fellow Librarian)
Distinguished fellows
There are also a number of professorial fellows who hold their fellowships by virtue of their University post.
Chichele professorships
Fellows of the college include the Chichele professors, who hold statutory professorships at the University of Oxford named in honour of Henry Chichele, a founder of the college. Fellowship of the college has accompanied the award of a Chichele chair since 1870.
Following the work of the 1850 Commission to examine the organisation of the university, the college suppressed ten of its fellowships to create the funds to establish the first two Chichele professorships: The Chichele Professor of International Law and Diplomacy, established in 1859 and first held by Mountague Bernard, and the Chichele Professor of Modern History, first held by Montagu Burrows.
There are currently Chichele Professorships in five different subjects:
Chichele Professor of Economic History: Kevin O'Rourke.
Chichele Professor of the History of War: Peter H. Wilson appointed 2015.
Chichele Professor of Public International Law: Catherine Redgwell appointed 2012.
Chichele Professor of Social and Political Theory: Amia Srinivasan appointed 2019.
Chichele Professor of Medieval History: Julia M. H. Smith, appointed September 2016
Probably the best known former Chichele Professor is Sir Isaiah Berlin. Perhaps the best known former Professor of the History of War was Cyril Falls.
Chichele Lectures
The Chichele Lectures are a prestigious series of lectures formally established in 1912 and sponsored by All Souls College. The lectures were initially restricted to foreign history, but have since been expanded to include law, political theory, economic theory, as well as foreign and British history. Traditionally the lectures were delivered by a single speaker, but it is now common for several speakers to deliver lectures on a common theme.
Customs
Every hundred years, and generally on 14 January, there is a commemorative feast after which the fellows parade around the college with flaming torches, singing the Mallard Song and led by a "Lord Mallard" who is carried in a chair, in search of a legendary mallard that supposedly flew out of the foundations of the college when it was being built. During the hunt the Lord Mallard is preceded by a man bearing a pole to which a mallard is tied β originally a live bird, latterly either dead (1901) or carved from wood (2001). The last mallard ceremony was in 2001 and the next is due in 2101. The precise origin of the custom is not known, but it dates from at least 1632. A benign parody of this custom has been portrayed as the Unseen University's "Megapode chase" in Sir Terry Pratchett's 2009 novel Unseen Academicals.
People associated with All Souls
Fellows
Past and current fellows of the college have included:
William Emmanuel Abraham
Leo Amery
William Reynell Anson
Andrew Ashworth
F. W. Bain
Max Beloff
Isaiah Berlin
Margaret Bent
Tim Besley
Peter Birks
Susanne Bobzien
William Blackstone
Malcolm Bowie
Peter Brown
Julian Bullard
Myles Burnyeat
Lionel Butler
Raymond Carr
David Caute
Alasdair Clayre
Christopher Codrington
Gerald Cohen
Peter Conrad
George Nathaniel Curzon
Matthew d'Ancona
David Daube
David Dilks
Michael Dummett
Edward Evan Evans-Pritchard
CΓ©cile Fabre
Sheppard Frere
Diego Gambetta
John Gardner
Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury
Robert Gentilis
Gabriel Gorodetsky
Birke HΓ€cker
Ruth Harris
Andrew Harvey
Reginald Heber
Hensley Henson
Cecilia Heyes
Rosemary Hill
Quintin Hogg, Baron Hailsham of St Marylebone
Christopher Hood
John Hood (university administrator)
Roger Hood
Michael Howard
Susan Hurley
E. F. Jacob
Keith Joseph
Colin Kidd
Leszek KoΕakowski
Cosmo Gordon Lang
T. E. Lawrence
Edward Chandos Leigh
Thomas Linacre
Vaughan Lowe
Stephen Lushington
Robert Gwyn Macfarlane
James Rochfort Maguire
Noel Malcolm
John Mason
Angela McLean
Catherine Morgan
Edward Mortimer
Max MΓΌller
Patrick Neill, Baron Neill of Bladen
Brownlow North
Avner Offer
David Pannick
Derek Parfit
Anthony Quinton
Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan
Robert Recorde
Catherine Redgwell
John Redwood
A. L. Rowse
Katherine Rundell
Peter Salway
Andrew Scott
Graeme Segal
Amartya Sen
Catriona Seth
Patrick Shaw-Stewart
Gilbert Sheldon
John Simon, 1st Viscount Simon
Boudewijn Sirks
Margareta Steinby
Alfred C. Stepan
Joseph E. Stiglitz
Charles Taylor
Adam Thirlwell
Guenter Treitel
Cecilia Trifogli
John Vickers
William Waldegrave, Baron Waldegrave of North Hill
Kate Warner
Marina Warner
Martin Litchfield West
Charles Algernon Whitmore
Richard Wilberforce
Bernard Williams
E. F. L. Wood, 1st Earl of Halifax
Llewellyn Woodward
Patrick Wormald
Christopher Wren
Crispin Wright
Edward Young
R. C. Zaehner
Lucia Zedner
Wardens
Gallery
References
External links
Current Examination Fellows
Virtual Tour of All Souls College
1438 establishments in England
Colleges of the University of Oxford
Educational institutions established in the 15th century
Grade I listed buildings in Oxford
Grade I listed educational buildings
Nicholas Hawksmoor buildings
Buildings and structures of the University of Oxford
Charities based in England
University of Oxford examinations | [
-0.011058646254241467,
0.5779725313186646,
0.3519967198371887,
-0.7814637422561646,
0.09043195843696594,
0.8447842001914978,
0.8269554376602173,
1.0291516780853271,
-0.4385254383087158,
-0.35459110140800476,
-0.9308099150657654,
-0.13268275558948517,
0.11273069679737091,
0.11417383700609207,
0.29190659523010254,
-0.4992382526397705,
0.8668656945228577,
0.32930153608322144,
-0.06152770668268204,
-1.0655709505081177,
-0.0014835020992904902,
0.4599713385105133,
-0.23745989799499512,
0.17558816075325012,
0.06969284266233444,
0.061943091452121735,
0.4025875926017761,
-0.256860613822937,
-0.16422542929649353,
-0.6189623475074768,
0.22944505512714386,
0.11837747693061829,
-0.20430439710617065,
-0.6158382296562195,
0.27565228939056396,
-0.17241691052913666,
0.15415655076503754,
-0.4865715503692627,
0.09327255189418793,
-0.054244376718997955,
-0.06579017639160156,
-0.3603935241699219,
0.4276094436645508,
0.3004361689090729,
-0.4905620217323303,
-0.5984165072441101,
-0.787418782711029,
0.32818421721458435,
-1.0146691799163818,
0.07644131034612656,
0.46904343366622925,
0.5180483460426331,
0.40446463227272034,
-0.036651015281677246,
0.25707167387008667,
0.3646039366722107,
-0.8748690485954285,
0.12844686210155487,
0.25148552656173706,
-0.1748943328857422,
-0.1612364947795868,
0.8705782294273376,
-0.18256264925003052,
0.9051779508590698,
-0.30774521827697754,
-0.13356059789657593,
0.13765935599803925,
-0.3617263436317444,
-0.9949291348457336,
-0.304676353931427,
-0.05602181330323219,
-0.3776211142539978,
-0.28953275084495544,
0.3622812330722809,
-0.6432978510856628,
-0.800342857837677,
-0.09848373383283615,
0.4085978865623474,
0.3479083478450775,
0.08307371288537979,
0.21735654771327972,
0.26082825660705566,
0.4916839897632599,
1.047180414199829,
0.49966925382614136,
0.9378031492233276,
-0.6199830770492554,
-0.2561061978340149,
-0.5417677760124207,
0.5989240407943726,
-0.39718616008758545,
0.010950579307973385,
-0.11274978518486023,
0.08910775184631348,
0.24949218332767487,
-0.166475310921669,
-0.13633471727371216,
0.22144323587417603,
0.1119873896241188,
-0.16556352376937866,
-0.46419888734817505,
0.367872953414917,
0.45607876777648926,
0.0037973064463585615,
-0.26149266958236694,
0.1268337219953537,
-1.1245861053466797,
-0.5915129780769348,
-0.09052184224128723,
0.08795962482690811,
-0.9413003921508789,
0.10516224056482315,
-0.4712204337120056,
0.3291186988353729,
-0.10420126467943192,
-0.41520196199417114,
-0.06611478328704834,
-0.48597052693367004,
-0.6433079242706299,
-0.19533668458461761,
-0.246704563498497,
0.42184361815452576,
0.31869199872016907,
0.0875374898314476,
-0.19802725315093994,
0.37598755955696106,
0.43024152517318726,
0.4404965937137604,
-0.5835669636726379,
-0.1755884289741516,
0.09950228035449982,
0.9223461747169495,
0.19625169038772583,
-0.26905128359794617,
-0.030117293819785118,
0.013775443658232689,
-0.061051566153764725,
-0.16372358798980713,
0.14119382202625275,
0.7208486795425415,
-0.860385000705719,
-0.5840113162994385,
-0.6390578746795654,
-0.20914624631404877,
0.48271456360816956,
-0.15180058777332306,
-0.5557058453559875,
-0.026777196675539017,
-0.13849233090877533,
0.03893940895795822,
0.526360809803009,
0.12858431041240692,
-0.3577146530151367,
-0.47893357276916504,
-0.22705058753490448,
0.317646324634552,
0.3918752074241638,
0.352206289768219,
0.041993722319602966,
0.1153576597571373,
-0.5707467198371887,
-0.2064337581396103,
0.4456903338432312,
-0.35134121775627136,
-0.12526188790798187,
0.15921561419963837,
0.3607657551765442,
-0.4399259388446808,
-0.6969366073608398,
0.2498023360967636,
-0.8037940859794617,
-0.46297481656074524,
0.6837735772132874,
-0.3173650801181793,
-0.2869775891304016,
-0.4494848847389221,
0.9202427864074707,
-0.018251866102218628,
0.5092210173606873,
-0.4024319052696228,
-0.6508488059043884,
0.26948317885398865,
-0.09629012644290924,
-0.14371517300605774,
-0.1404133141040802,
0.007967064157128334,
-0.4661814272403717,
0.36750301718711853,
-0.1802954226732254,
0.3418079614639282,
-0.45302271842956543,
-0.4563591480255127,
-0.12907831370830536,
-0.07925194501876831,
1.0050997734069824,
-0.08450032770633698,
-0.8873994946479797,
0.6461529731750488,
-0.5767666101455688,
0.7386088967323303,
-0.14375513792037964,
0.05383337661623955,
-0.6446264386177063,
-0.432952344417572,
-0.37589186429977417,
0.2971298098564148,
0.3069761097431183,
0.4359084963798523,
0.7620120644569397,
0.10526802390813828,
0.1723591834306717,
-0.41457241773605347,
0.1258230060338974,
0.39531517028808594,
0.2823737561702728,
-0.6942893266677856,
-0.6258060932159424,
-0.5941368341445923,
0.27371811866760254,
-0.7222943305969238,
0.9164046049118042,
-0.46086540818214417,
1.0532151460647583,
0.05842859297990799,
-0.3088163435459137,
0.23047330975532532,
-0.3396489918231964,
0.4814605414867401,
0.15354031324386597,
-0.43610766530036926,
0.7869232296943665,
0.3878956437110901,
-0.0007500271312892437,
0.13451267778873444,
-0.3141375184059143,
-0.7195489406585693,
-0.14177300035953522,
-0.5295999050140381,
0.5276317000389099,
-0.028164483606815338,
-0.033871840685606,
-0.14450237154960632,
-0.854563295841217,
0.35736939311027527,
0.015431891195476055,
-0.315862774848938,
0.191863551735878,
0.1592617630958557,
-0.3693850040435791,
-0.14830338954925537,
0.13941511511802673,
-0.4095548391342163,
0.1544404774904251,
0.2516215741634369,
0.20860356092453003,
0.15502643585205078,
-0.20297585427761078,
0.7298722267150879,
0.09360086172819138,
0.1628967970609665,
-0.5521454215049744,
-0.05027167871594429,
0.3322324752807617,
0.26853421330451965,
-0.41939735412597656,
-0.5396852493286133,
-0.41874372959136963,
-0.6318579912185669,
0.2507469356060028,
0.07493027299642563,
0.09484604746103287,
-0.571808934211731,
-0.19375735521316528,
0.20253732800483704,
-0.481642484664917,
0.30494949221611023,
0.11320418864488602,
-0.053018368780612946,
-0.9728350043296814,
-0.12047175318002701,
0.29771897196769714,
0.5873149633407593,
-0.27951672673225403,
-0.19387558102607727,
-0.2764139771461487,
0.35631513595581055,
-0.014493481256067753,
-0.2753865718841553,
0.0375455804169178,
0.13797226548194885,
-0.2875627279281616,
0.6119223833084106,
0.4382217526435852,
0.08941445499658585,
0.7026553153991699,
0.3318231999874115,
0.5354183316230774,
-0.5280417799949646,
-0.2727605402469635,
-0.4191347360610962,
-0.0775500163435936,
0.6122395992279053,
-0.013438062742352486,
0.3221559524536133,
0.6908671855926514,
-0.1413278430700302,
-0.1434146612882614,
0.37682679295539856,
-5.447574615478516,
0.10183081030845642,
-0.4003527760505676,
0.6784699559211731,
1.5390169620513916,
-0.3054032325744629,
0.4161357879638672,
-0.6643328666687012,
-0.3681030869483948,
-0.6612805128097534,
-0.6087529063224792,
-0.06866715103387833,
-0.06462694704532623,
0.565444827079773,
0.4710770547389984,
0.5615997314453125,
0.27873843908309937,
-0.3063797950744629,
0.026837382465600967,
0.41127875447273254,
-0.05708300322294235,
0.14774708449840546,
0.08478300273418427,
0.7624995708465576,
0.0050520580261945724,
0.3604699373245239,
-0.14565499126911163,
0.45718395709991455,
-0.3702320158481598,
-0.37335696816444397,
0.3029143810272217,
-0.17375455796718597,
-0.1562049686908722,
-0.578789472579956,
-0.3936849534511566,
0.2699691355228424,
0.701485812664032,
0.005575679242610931,
0.04975230619311333,
-0.23455776274204254,
0.584385871887207,
0.2578798532485962,
0.0543331541121006,
-0.167892724275589,
0.33165183663368225,
-0.5265049338340759,
-0.9694977402687073,
0.0005825653206557035,
-0.24129879474639893,
0.13728097081184387,
-0.6814156174659729,
0.4205482602119446,
0.27996209263801575,
0.14821386337280273,
-0.14334221184253693,
-0.4580639898777008,
0.10065934807062149,
0.07636547088623047,
0.06879536062479019,
-0.3089906871318817,
0.32030805945396423,
-0.45711198449134827,
0.11956445872783661,
-0.34938931465148926,
-0.5678077340126038,
-0.18746048212051392,
-0.2059464454650879,
0.8072527050971985,
0.42254212498664856,
0.17292724549770355,
-0.08309495449066162,
-0.030774090439081192,
-0.017187830060720444,
-0.7094204425811768,
-0.5869168639183044,
-0.28664878010749817,
0.11070673167705536,
-0.22823835909366608,
-0.014700069092214108,
0.19607967138290405,
0.041397470980882645,
-0.12318653613328934,
0.10495788604021072,
0.49484848976135254,
0.3513067364692688,
-0.9671884179115295,
-0.31873810291290283,
0.4501817524433136,
-0.6921008229255676,
-0.535291850566864,
-0.20417428016662598,
-0.1535979062318802,
-0.2973402738571167,
0.35654416680336,
0.6524030566215515,
-0.016719486564397812,
-0.43411770462989807,
0.5640439391136169,
0.054124899208545685,
0.37427058815956116,
0.33896681666374207,
-0.31179749965667725,
0.17020289599895477,
-0.022260112687945366,
-0.23144182562828064,
-0.13838936388492584,
0.009161901660263538,
0.48192960023880005,
0.4039246737957001,
0.22795288264751434,
0.4907757043838501,
-0.36525991559028625,
-0.5200690627098083,
0.3048936724662781,
-0.11472750455141068,
-0.137516587972641,
-0.0664118155837059,
0.053201835602521896,
-0.44806164503097534,
0.4464123547077179,
0.015650643035769463,
0.057560425251722336,
-0.07906841486692429,
-0.07281004637479782,
-0.47221851348876953,
-0.3066510558128357,
0.1675838828086853,
0.03635214641690254,
-0.14047622680664062,
-0.49482202529907227,
0.09928420931100845,
-0.12764392793178558,
0.1977144032716751,
0.3360743224620819,
-0.17099492251873016,
-0.16726824641227722,
-0.24048003554344177,
-0.1379079967737198,
-0.088892862200737,
0.300839364528656,
0.35613813996315,
-0.38935527205467224,
-0.10715731978416443,
0.012826788239181042,
0.7616627812385559,
0.3367113769054413,
0.034899234771728516,
0.46418076753616333,
-0.7030865550041199,
0.42134854197502136,
-0.29720476269721985,
-0.40066590905189514,
0.3249441981315613,
0.08267995715141296,
0.06161383166909218,
0.049490150064229965,
-0.4731366038322449,
0.8120836019515991,
0.16283166408538818,
0.04478312283754349,
-0.45407193899154663,
-0.2378595471382141,
-0.6832998991012573,
-0.47067123651504517,
0.48632898926734924,
0.3302119970321655,
-0.0033217347227036953,
-0.41923987865448,
-0.8190255761146545,
0.33550459146499634,
0.09691201150417328,
0.056645769625902176,
-0.43522658944129944,
-0.2898928225040436,
0.5061661601066589,
0.057580213993787766,
-0.07674697041511536,
0.10440915077924728,
0.04126908630132675,
-0.25973060727119446,
0.12139096856117249,
-0.36944854259490967,
0.24253183603286743,
-0.2752373516559601,
0.9431403279304504,
-0.1895449459552765,
-0.42050057649612427,
-0.5494986772537231,
0.3536810874938965,
-0.7173197269439697,
-0.19397704303264618,
-0.21219590306282043,
0.32158324122428894,
0.15347647666931152,
-0.3292125165462494,
-0.6913917064666748,
-0.02432934194803238,
-0.10036935657262802,
-0.3667614758014679,
-0.1941673308610916,
0.3672965466976166,
0.5072801113128662,
-0.5401915907859802,
0.8028411865234375,
0.5081397891044617,
-0.6327513456344604,
0.5169199705123901,
-0.026710106059908867,
0.3016192317008972,
0.7312614321708679,
0.02113955467939377,
-0.6051931977272034,
0.24361003935337067,
0.7235392332077026,
-0.8942604660987854,
-0.41793498396873474,
0.08560439944267273,
-0.1912037879228592,
-0.37219667434692383,
-0.11497455835342407,
-0.15229246020317078,
0.17520202696323395,
-0.14512871205806732,
0.25583431124687195,
-0.8014109134674072,
0.33064910769462585,
0.28879961371421814,
-0.4768156111240387,
0.5072301626205444,
-0.20382197201251984,
0.2382274717092514,
-0.15305288136005402,
-0.43310490250587463,
-0.10310059040784836,
0.8736170530319214,
-0.461767315864563,
0.277059942483902,
-0.0660320445895195,
-0.5047980546951294,
-0.08983712643384933,
0.13377462327480316,
0.8760642409324646,
-0.26842546463012695,
-0.7289047241210938,
-0.39195430278778076,
0.6398209929466248,
0.2769944369792938,
0.4625290334224701,
-0.43106186389923096,
0.16941961646080017,
0.7545363903045654,
-0.299350768327713,
-0.21393242478370667,
-0.17902958393096924,
-0.1883751004934311,
-0.12229830771684647,
-0.014239395968616009,
-0.15963178873062134,
0.00946732982993126,
0.08651519566774368,
0.6355472803115845,
-0.290365606546402,
-0.6610450744628906,
-0.09071855992078781,
-0.3106851875782013,
-0.07472279667854309,
-0.31903159618377686,
-0.4325016736984253,
0.22635836899280548,
-0.5671681761741638,
0.3691715598106384,
0.07444790005683899,
-0.4040839970111847,
0.2972504794597626,
-0.1561678946018219,
0.3619835376739502,
-0.3100243806838989,
-0.6807973980903625,
0.7923425436019897,
0.008892751298844814,
-0.4640321433544159,
0.3251374363899231,
0.13650639355182648,
-0.13824616372585297,
0.6579838991165161,
-0.9460060000419617,
-0.08230766654014587,
0.3817429840564728,
-0.018339913338422775,
0.6597053408622742,
-0.43933555483818054,
-0.3650551438331604,
0.29323095083236694,
0.38709041476249695,
-0.0008416887139901519,
0.2307373434305191,
0.5610188245773315,
-0.2732408940792084,
1.1080881357192993,
-0.1951088309288025,
-0.698406994342804,
0.4965217411518097,
0.6158559322357178,
0.0758797749876976,
0.38781672716140747,
-0.07010624557733536,
-0.5424933433532715,
-0.05438730865716934,
-0.42632797360420227,
-0.022708335891366005,
0.5830943584442139,
-0.3496653735637665,
0.6376703381538391,
0.5104201436042786,
-0.23946498334407806,
-0.043385203927755356,
0.5030094981193542,
-0.788154125213623,
0.2731645703315735,
0.4716544449329376,
-0.3578594923019409,
0.6214308738708496,
0.33015429973602295,
-0.004961796570569277,
0.09996678680181503,
0.7310162782669067,
-0.3165234625339508,
-0.433452844619751,
0.17398801445960999,
0.2602064311504364,
0.07395889610052109,
-0.4345465898513794,
-0.18719132244586945,
1.0257962942123413,
-0.5474886298179626,
-0.25799641013145447,
-0.33300694823265076,
-1.1023974418640137,
-0.6252791881561279,
0.4372464418411255,
0.8086693286895752,
0.548950731754303,
-0.5779644250869751,
0.31263285875320435,
-0.6367793083190918,
0.03266702592372894,
-0.12107250094413757,
0.42688387632369995,
-0.3061903417110443,
0.12310319393873215,
0.154633566737175,
0.024129949510097504,
0.3193050026893616,
0.014808706939220428,
0.1587262898683548,
0.2004663199186325,
0.27998223900794983,
-0.01777120679616928,
-0.7257230281829834,
-0.10193661600351334,
-0.24912242591381073,
1.2254737615585327,
0.8145089149475098,
-0.0194271057844162,
0.038815826177597046,
-0.21332947909832,
0.5698879361152649,
-0.25225695967674255,
0.189133420586586,
0.31270459294319153,
-0.09113605320453644,
0.7233762145042419,
-0.0357188880443573,
-0.6385601162910461,
0.006673780735582113,
0.22519341111183167,
0.2753126621246338,
0.7136180400848389,
0.07638020813465118,
-0.8032603859901428,
0.04226669669151306,
-0.47432512044906616,
-0.2623475193977356,
-0.06813501566648483,
0.16758346557617188,
-0.8361021280288696,
-0.456434428691864,
0.1590147614479065,
-0.46391862630844116,
0.11277152597904205,
0.014033852145075798,
-0.2853403389453888,
0.07005957514047623,
0.19479358196258545,
-0.25841960310935974,
-0.310387521982193,
0.026211094111204147,
0.5968747138977051,
0.30398285388946533,
-0.2731631398200989,
0.06473506987094879,
-0.0205305814743042,
-0.38872936367988586,
0.32846349477767944,
-0.24163246154785156,
0.2639465034008026,
-0.17483527958393097,
0.20949548482894897,
-0.768309473991394,
0.17682179808616638,
0.23500512540340424,
0.5125816464424133,
-0.3144674301147461,
0.6186122298240662,
0.21498902142047882,
1.0175129175186157,
0.7202839851379395,
0.14439570903778076,
-0.46974724531173706,
0.166526660323143,
-0.1834322065114975,
0.4928528070449829,
-0.08587624132633209,
0.5375966429710388,
0.4023023843765259,
0.060715243220329285,
-0.055548276752233505,
0.180129736661911,
-0.7614067196846008,
0.5532607436180115,
0.15813207626342773,
0.2955411672592163,
-0.4638427793979645,
0.5087845325469971,
-0.08385622501373291,
0.5311129689216614,
0.6829246282577515,
1.003466010093689,
-0.05676432326436043,
-0.6210193634033203,
-0.5808625221252441,
0.1093520075082779,
0.4422605335712433,
0.2656097710132599,
0.11639206856489182,
-0.10000834614038467,
-0.27437877655029297,
-0.12577851116657257,
-0.7299901843070984,
0.4386017322540283,
0.5768100023269653,
-0.4895961284637451,
0.4214756488800049,
-0.48630037903785706,
-0.0036707057151943445,
-0.36295345425605774,
-0.14561288058757782,
0.09771297872066498,
0.3657556474208832,
0.522800862789154
]
|
128285 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral%20Springs%2C%20North%20Carolina | Mineral Springs, North Carolina | Mineral Springs is a town in Union County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 2,639 at the 2010 census.
Geography
Mineral Springs is located at (34.937516, -80.675106).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which, of it is land and 0.13% is water.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,370 people, 475 households, and 387 families residing in the town. The population density was 181.2 people per square mile (70.0/km). There were 491 housing units at an average density of 64.9 per square mile (25.1/km). The racial makeup of the town was 79.93% White, 17.88% African American, 0.15% Native American, 0.22% Asian, 0.88% from other races, and 0.95% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.90% of the population.
There were 475 households, out of which 40.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 69.9% were married couples living together, 8.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 18.5% were non-families. 14.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.88 and the average family size was 3.20.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 28.3% under the age of 18, 7.2% from 18 to 24, 32.2% from 25 to 44, 23.6% from 45 to 64, and 8.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.0 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $41,932, and the median income for a family was $44,531. Males had a median income of $31,581 versus $24,926 for females. The per capita income for the town was $17,896. About 3.9% of families and 4.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.3% of those under age 18 and 11.1% of those age 65 or over.
Queens Cup Steeplechase Races
Brooklandwood, is a large 260+ acre farm and estate within the Town of Mineral Springs and an adjoining 44+ acres outside of the town for a total of 305 acres. Brooklandwood is the site of the Queens Cup Steeplechase, one of steeplechase horse racing's major annual events. The day consists of 5-6 jump races, and is held the last Saturday of every April. The schedule of events also features a Jack Russell Terrier judging contest. 12,000-18,000 people descend on Mineral Springs from all parts of the country but primarily within the seven county region of Charlotte, to take part in this day-long event of races and other activities.
References
External links
Official website of Mineral Springs, NC
Queens Cup Steeplechase (official site)
Towns in North Carolina
Towns in Union County, North Carolina | [
-0.11179262399673462,
0.6059554815292358,
0.11681486666202545,
-0.22260797023773193,
0.942589521408081,
0.166480153799057,
0.8130453824996948,
0.6400602459907532,
-0.38131657242774963,
0.5033289790153503,
-0.5523920655250549,
0.3121360242366791,
-0.6683811545372009,
1.3041026592254639,
-0.7861367464065552,
0.49533483386039734,
0.24848578870296478,
0.4241011142730713,
0.4706449508666992,
-0.5835559368133545,
0.21906517446041107,
-0.49532458186149597,
0.5297850966453552,
0.36134445667266846,
-0.19734862446784973,
0.4965932369232178,
-0.19398678839206696,
0.37423643469810486,
-0.23377767205238342,
-0.08166627585887909,
-0.8396362066268921,
0.4959859549999237,
-0.5384272336959839,
0.32282549142837524,
0.31903329491615295,
0.22409731149673462,
0.17851628363132477,
0.07196158915758133,
0.016535243019461632,
-0.5614180564880371,
-0.05887991935014725,
-0.3746677041053772,
0.013949514366686344,
0.28943178057670593,
0.18433785438537598,
0.1146312803030014,
-1.1422135829925537,
0.16411243379116058,
-0.8216023445129395,
-1.126417636871338,
-0.5258893966674805,
0.46729347109794617,
0.055987648665905,
0.08178044110536575,
0.6172844171524048,
0.3807397186756134,
-0.5815913677215576,
0.5705021619796753,
0.602924108505249,
0.23366574943065643,
-0.6148908734321594,
0.7656552195549011,
0.1369471549987793,
-0.15086011588573456,
-0.5537633895874023,
-0.32184532284736633,
-0.4172173738479614,
0.2388288527727127,
0.2448759377002716,
-0.13186685740947723,
0.31530773639678955,
-0.11475005745887756,
-0.33954280614852905,
0.1080402284860611,
-0.10146673768758774,
0.9436678886413574,
-0.5401120781898499,
-0.3426736891269684,
0.1871998906135559,
0.1318051964044571,
0.2085355967283249,
0.0027324692346155643,
1.122762680053711,
-0.07883390039205551,
0.4376429319381714,
0.3617815375328064,
-0.4340544044971466,
0.42157289385795593,
0.1000671312212944,
0.07318880409002304,
-0.7902177572250366,
0.301788330078125,
-0.10300116240978241,
0.22968889772891998,
-0.42999163269996643,
-0.4623047411441803,
-0.16541138291358948,
0.22931623458862305,
0.012053743936121464,
0.33677953481674194,
-0.5660353302955627,
-0.2722936272621155,
0.5536901354789734,
0.060511134564876556,
-0.41136229038238525,
0.06222916394472122,
-1.245828628540039,
-0.299673467874527,
0.0014577321708202362,
-0.09179748594760895,
-0.8549278974533081,
0.3587256669998169,
0.205184206366539,
-0.4875490665435791,
-0.4258103668689728,
-0.16905421018600464,
0.23616436123847961,
-0.5244719386100769,
-0.055149976164102554,
0.01961280032992363,
0.6109870672225952,
0.41370370984077454,
-0.5262965559959412,
0.42591187357902527,
0.010637282393872738,
0.35264185070991516,
0.09184887260198593,
0.02030549943447113,
0.009459538385272026,
0.6670077443122864,
-0.14273768663406372,
0.5521619915962219,
0.26535627245903015,
0.15368948876857758,
0.22691383957862854,
-0.5653294920921326,
-0.05434069037437439,
-0.4431920349597931,
0.7000070214271545,
0.21432961523532867,
-0.7069320678710938,
-0.24930256605148315,
-0.2791175842285156,
-0.3715468645095825,
-0.18153825402259827,
-0.4128250181674957,
-0.2628334164619446,
-0.22848106920719147,
0.39941421151161194,
0.547601580619812,
0.07388444244861603,
0.09357956051826477,
0.5145590901374817,
0.6611761450767517,
-0.2707958221435547,
-0.1096314936876297,
0.5681828856468201,
0.273726224899292,
0.16548776626586914,
0.07353202998638153,
-0.2369992434978485,
0.8133650422096252,
0.6415185928344727,
0.4552862048149109,
0.7684366106987,
0.2265033721923828,
0.42481979727745056,
-0.3607455790042877,
-0.30984699726104736,
0.588319718837738,
-0.3081582486629486,
0.5930920839309692,
0.3910467028617859,
-0.13099464774131775,
-0.23591333627700806,
-0.539962112903595,
0.9380958080291748,
0.47129538655281067,
0.14738686382770538,
-0.0756283700466156,
-1.1719087362289429,
-0.04175969213247299,
0.23964627087116241,
0.017887886613607407,
-0.4463904798030853,
0.07224155217409134,
0.2063303291797638,
-0.3803170323371887,
-0.1219845786690712,
-0.6482416391372681,
-0.33294788002967834,
-0.4748155176639557,
0.24500370025634766,
-0.34627074003219604,
0.6297202706336975,
-0.16085582971572876,
-0.7900193333625793,
-0.03045632690191269,
-0.24119506776332855,
0.182529017329216,
0.4692590832710266,
-0.08996624499559402,
-0.09493061155080795,
-0.7029978632926941,
-0.059802308678627014,
0.1687174141407013,
0.26099997758865356,
-0.26919272541999817,
0.3713959753513336,
-0.03126632794737816,
-0.22312460839748383,
-0.4312657415866852,
-0.05543523654341698,
0.4848445951938629,
-0.38065141439437866,
-0.4352276921272278,
-0.5388143658638,
-0.013508416712284088,
0.8831812739372253,
-0.44432130455970764,
0.8605023622512817,
-0.10981869697570801,
0.012649419717490673,
-0.3608168661594391,
-0.4258858263492584,
0.6998024582862854,
-0.09446130692958832,
0.0027764122933149338,
0.030662642791867256,
0.1620192676782608,
0.42295601963996887,
0.3519596457481384,
0.47664016485214233,
-0.6870725750923157,
0.47405633330345154,
-0.02132868766784668,
-0.17755348980426788,
-0.469932496547699,
0.1410290151834488,
-0.6169959306716919,
-0.1341528445482254,
0.7407538890838623,
-1.00055730342865,
0.6687523722648621,
-0.049709752202034,
0.18730084598064423,
-0.46818917989730835,
0.10352674871683121,
-0.2698782980442047,
-0.7518268823623657,
0.27229049801826477,
0.11906535923480988,
0.09275489300489426,
0.6479430198669434,
-0.17027446627616882,
0.020268751308321953,
-0.33961021900177,
0.3010910153388977,
0.20428526401519775,
0.22271855175495148,
-0.20984946191310883,
0.3538874089717865,
-0.7219289541244507,
0.28025156259536743,
0.25851142406463623,
-0.1251041144132614,
-0.5817395448684692,
-0.5047502517700195,
0.172319233417511,
0.034217748790979385,
0.8427614569664001,
-0.24459239840507507,
0.030906008556485176,
0.7082337737083435,
0.7074989676475525,
0.07151072472333908,
-0.3860987722873688,
-0.05675850063562393,
-1.4697457551956177,
-0.03080964833498001,
-0.05349528044462204,
0.8529199957847595,
-0.031096413731575012,
-0.010714286006987095,
-0.1899714320898056,
-0.922042191028595,
0.7289660573005676,
0.05920210853219032,
-0.6054229736328125,
-0.6458633542060852,
-0.5866147875785828,
0.005177554674446583,
-0.22133508324623108,
0.6039934158325195,
-0.35397598147392273,
0.5187023878097534,
0.4185400605201721,
0.2810904085636139,
0.25003188848495483,
-0.29567790031433105,
-0.849522590637207,
0.46646544337272644,
-0.7947194576263428,
-0.033180538564920425,
0.23087437450885773,
-0.798942506313324,
-0.033090990036726,
-0.3941192328929901,
-4.372481822967529,
0.36510875821113586,
-0.4655885100364685,
-0.5271660089492798,
0.6131553053855896,
-0.7239465117454529,
0.538163423538208,
-0.12627296149730682,
-0.16100366413593292,
0.8621065020561218,
-0.28299108147621155,
-0.28436151146888733,
-0.011867888271808624,
0.7955579161643982,
0.6769837141036987,
0.5294609665870667,
0.8820274472236633,
-0.617592453956604,
0.3536951243877411,
0.2617798447608948,
0.10565479099750519,
0.3136453330516815,
-0.47975295782089233,
0.03651821240782738,
-0.08543115109205246,
1.1496436595916748,
-0.17215706408023834,
-0.1803799867630005,
-0.2954674959182739,
0.12607373297214508,
0.13358482718467712,
-0.2776747941970825,
-0.7565125823020935,
-0.1978263258934021,
0.5869723558425903,
-0.21802008152008057,
-0.45838236808776855,
-0.6336307525634766,
0.33198586106300354,
-0.4105381369590759,
0.2959217429161072,
0.1947411745786667,
-1.038415789604187,
-0.22508320212364197,
0.5323830246925354,
-0.8437117338180542,
-0.532572329044342,
-0.002974374685436487,
-0.14510314166545868,
1.1621778011322021,
0.0006798309623263776,
0.07313968986272812,
1.1967473030090332,
-0.37262415885925293,
0.3452138602733612,
0.4210555851459503,
0.4599750339984894,
0.11312083154916763,
-0.27002114057540894,
0.9706695079803467,
-0.2919379770755768,
-0.8362001776695251,
0.29965507984161377,
0.19761797785758972,
-0.18365973234176636,
-0.12633119523525238,
0.08526701480150223,
0.48155733942985535,
0.4750370681285858,
0.07473553717136383,
0.27390894293785095,
0.5133244395256042,
-0.5186328291893005,
-0.632861316204071,
0.47149232029914856,
-0.6051369905471802,
-0.41690582036972046,
-0.15616491436958313,
-0.47423163056373596,
-0.12126120179891586,
0.2709970474243164,
0.2752506732940674,
0.9493832588195801,
0.5725052356719971,
0.3792754113674164,
-0.23092761635780334,
0.18482941389083862,
-0.504059910774231,
-0.4588344395160675,
-1.1287294626235962,
0.745591938495636,
-0.25229984521865845,
0.9179805517196655,
-0.2643098533153534,
-0.25463512539863586,
0.5093218684196472,
0.1765802949666977,
0.3708573877811432,
-0.6164062023162842,
-0.3259560465812683,
0.5593159198760986,
-0.4810488522052765,
0.22940003871917725,
-0.5531915426254272,
-0.6512973308563232,
-0.38463521003723145,
0.30432096123695374,
0.19226807355880737,
0.6916576623916626,
-0.5700989961624146,
-0.545831024646759,
0.7769839763641357,
-0.2278469204902649,
-0.16721346974372864,
0.38713040947914124,
-0.33522364497184753,
0.08874288201332092,
0.7367262840270996,
0.16685472428798676,
0.24263569712638855,
0.584240198135376,
0.31346893310546875,
0.05925197899341583,
-0.8069053888320923,
-0.46276894211769104,
-0.24395054578781128,
1.0270695686340332,
-0.34976375102996826,
-0.3710901737213135,
0.5790587067604065,
-0.5170896053314209,
-0.05423050373792648,
-1.0328848361968994,
-0.09479489922523499,
-0.7261245846748352,
-0.3584088385105133,
-0.1832043081521988,
-1.3825098276138306,
-0.008815684355795383,
0.40103450417518616,
0.36948537826538086,
0.3296155333518982,
-1.1143320798873901,
0.5185498595237732,
-0.14976432919502258,
0.13259461522102356,
0.5506588220596313,
0.7405396103858948,
-0.6419336795806885,
0.5643277764320374,
-0.37595006823539734,
-0.4735011160373688,
-0.3497987687587738,
-0.7229297757148743,
0.020321279764175415,
0.005469243973493576,
0.6270339488983154,
0.5127884149551392,
0.9468555450439453,
-0.40014660358428955,
0.15225213766098022,
0.30257391929626465,
-1.2397664785385132,
0.8149891495704651,
-0.4883878827095032,
-0.31598764657974243,
-0.7281280159950256,
0.11326777935028076,
-0.4693920910358429,
0.3375326991081238,
0.7364843487739563,
-0.2577762007713318,
0.36251845955848694,
-0.1881915181875229,
-0.0034365265164524317,
-0.22111453115940094,
-0.1397809386253357,
0.6703708171844482,
0.05595928803086281,
0.08332572132349014,
0.08487682789564133,
-0.27483052015304565,
-1.0665152072906494,
-0.2576427459716797,
0.21136511862277985,
-0.5360905528068542,
-0.24429650604724884,
-0.1168173998594284,
0.473082959651947,
0.21516574919223785,
0.038965657353401184,
-0.18443997204303741,
0.5323975682258606,
-0.10382494330406189,
0.3800458312034607,
-0.5087599754333496,
0.42745301127433777,
0.2955673336982727,
-0.3625928461551666,
-0.6586591005325317,
-0.21401344239711761,
0.24375975131988525,
-0.47282686829566956,
0.3484909236431122,
0.15884864330291748,
-0.9625788331031799,
0.39417943358421326,
0.32786163687705994,
-0.4601437747478485,
1.4474215507507324,
0.005252039059996605,
-0.5981665849685669,
1.234228491783142,
0.21473678946495056,
-0.19862043857574463,
0.2585228681564331,
0.3040016293525696,
0.4236356317996979,
-0.6946926712989807,
0.1384044885635376,
-0.5004849433898926,
-0.041995637118816376,
-0.23571635782718658,
-0.2696002721786499,
-0.5596483945846558,
-0.3749735951423645,
0.7053819298744202,
-0.2614593803882599,
0.6577354669570923,
-0.22950105369091034,
0.10305308550596237,
-0.12982647120952606,
0.27100610733032227,
-0.057197198271751404,
0.36238953471183777,
0.5222565531730652,
0.019695846363902092,
-0.15584616363048553,
0.21842436492443085,
-0.7585802674293518,
0.26603445410728455,
0.63587486743927,
0.21306727826595306,
-0.6626856923103333,
-0.1367630809545517,
-0.22154198586940765,
0.983453094959259,
0.05990729108452797,
-1.13590407371521,
0.6244270205497742,
1.3105695247650146,
-0.1169133111834526,
-1.2374123334884644,
-0.28471964597702026,
0.9073823094367981,
-0.10035960376262665,
0.26423725485801697,
0.6546059250831604,
0.21258202195167542,
-0.17154723405838013,
0.7360556721687317,
-0.017228666692972183,
-0.012262227013707161,
-0.4539461135864258,
0.26943814754486084,
-0.6630608439445496,
0.08847746253013611,
-0.5428940653800964,
0.26122036576271057,
-0.45377540588378906,
0.04870624840259552,
-0.013507363386452198,
-0.010231747291982174,
0.9801923632621765,
-0.7105751633644104,
0.31212031841278076,
-0.16296705603599548,
-1.4318488836288452,
0.25533390045166016,
0.762212336063385,
-1.185036063194275,
-0.5538093447685242,
-0.06843206286430359,
-0.16887959837913513,
0.07740291953086853,
-1.0969908237457275,
-0.3724140524864197,
0.004921790678054094,
-0.849242627620697,
-0.0635581985116005,
-0.38598817586898804,
0.05180545896291733,
0.2586856484413147,
-1.3667727708816528,
-0.0745176300406456,
0.36508578062057495,
0.22616921365261078,
0.5540341734886169,
-0.4346208870410919,
0.5744302868843079,
-0.8148638606071472,
0.8991435170173645,
0.03886134922504425,
-0.8323119282722473,
0.6023391485214233,
-0.6054942607879639,
-0.48487696051597595,
-0.4951614737510681,
0.294034481048584,
0.03968285024166107,
-0.2558501958847046,
0.02953994646668434,
0.37756532430648804,
0.74356609582901,
-0.12928512692451477,
0.14879272878170013,
0.8073981404304504,
-0.16621196269989014,
-0.3310047388076782,
0.6077190041542053,
-0.19319196045398712,
0.5031174421310425,
0.7702754139900208,
0.46116623282432556,
0.42109110951423645,
1.3523695468902588,
-0.5182358026504517,
0.4766930937767029,
-0.39402687549591064,
-0.20268750190734863,
0.0633867010474205,
-0.7516299486160278,
-0.14429888129234314,
0.3378066122531891,
-0.34926122426986694,
-0.1377459466457367,
-0.3774857223033905,
-0.8166921138763428,
-0.9698622226715088,
0.5929328799247742,
-0.28218334913253784,
0.3536970317363739,
0.42911866307258606,
-0.6488667726516724,
-0.09869768470525742,
0.14965808391571045,
-0.39250627160072327,
0.222469300031662,
0.2341448962688446,
-1.295939326286316,
0.24499501287937164,
-0.3669992983341217,
-0.5149884223937988,
-0.7177267074584961,
-0.6703335046768188,
-0.32673031091690063,
0.7008747458457947,
-0.27820801734924316,
-0.9484370350837708,
0.36976563930511475,
0.2499976009130478,
-0.14906767010688782,
1.3491222858428955,
-0.03471089154481888,
-0.12376157939434052,
-0.00803382508456707,
0.35295262932777405,
-0.1687755435705185,
-0.37356236577033997,
0.7667439579963684,
0.4098691940307617,
0.13205687701702118,
0.1717102825641632,
0.9320268034934998,
0.2962852120399475,
0.10676681995391846,
0.12122529745101929,
1.000893473625183,
-0.2817312777042389,
0.1995602548122406,
-0.05493020638823509,
0.11030980944633484,
-0.8205934762954712,
-0.5646681189537048,
0.21043595671653748,
-0.5470824241638184,
-0.007696594577282667,
0.1723867952823639,
-0.07996349781751633,
-0.15398499369621277,
0.33561474084854126,
0.0562499538064003,
-0.6482351422309875,
-0.3474937677383423,
-0.2103375494480133,
0.037760648876428604,
0.19754397869110107,
0.5826022028923035,
0.6906191110610962,
0.3067558705806732,
0.19158586859703064,
-0.06338976323604584,
0.642071008682251,
0.08344566822052002,
-0.4310302734375,
-0.040248896926641464,
-1.0409862995147705,
0.5414668917655945,
-0.9499132037162781,
0.43142080307006836,
0.24077270925045013,
0.7302291989326477,
-0.024654818698763847,
0.7856637835502625,
-0.0560181550681591,
-0.33227843046188354,
0.8429903984069824,
-0.11313261836767197,
-0.6660164594650269,
-0.17953424155712128,
-0.47699692845344543,
-0.3932605981826782,
0.19086118042469025,
0.47250789403915405,
0.13611623644828796,
-0.45831185579299927,
-0.020064646378159523,
-0.016803473234176636,
-0.8895103931427002,
0.11037106812000275,
0.20250572264194489,
-1.7332545518875122,
-0.0036024232394993305,
0.32334157824516296,
-0.4099124073982239,
-0.7955322265625,
-0.395872563123703,
1.2804386615753174,
0.08536946773529053,
-0.42458873987197876,
0.3105340301990509,
-0.1571137011051178,
-0.016636265441775322,
0.016766859218478203,
0.8964387774467468,
0.06636673212051392,
-0.3805132210254669,
-0.9114075899124146,
-0.42742159962654114,
0.3910885453224182,
-0.8297361731529236,
-0.2378082275390625,
0.2750476002693176,
-0.1559503972530365,
0.1909462809562683,
-0.28091010451316833,
0.16164666414260864,
-0.5965421795845032,
0.10192139446735382,
0.28067493438720703
]
|
128286 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monroe%2C%20North%20Carolina | Monroe, North Carolina | Monroe is a city in and the county seat of Union County, North Carolina, United States. The population increased from 26,228 in 2000 to 32,797 in 2010. It is within the rapidly growing Charlotte metropolitan area. Monroe has a council-manager form of government.
History
Monroe was founded as a planned settlement. In 1843, the first Board of County Commissioners, appointed by the General Assembly, selected an area in the center of the county as the county seat, and Monroe was incorporated that year. It was named for James Monroe, the country's fifth president. It became a trading center for the agricultural areas of the Piedmont region, which cultivated tobacco.
Monroe was home to the Starlite Speedway in the 1960s to 1970s. On May 13, 1966, the 1/2 mile dirt track hosted NASCAR's 'Independent 250.' Darel Dieringer won the race.
Since 1984, Ludwig drums and timpani have been manufactured in Monroe.
As part of the developing Charlotte metropolitan area, in the 21st century, Monroe has attracted new Hispanic residents. North Carolina has encouraged immigration to increase its labor pool.
The Malcolm K. Lee House, Monroe City Hall, Monroe Downtown Historic District, Monroe Residential Historic District, Piedmont Buggy Factory, John C. Sikes House, Union County Courthouse, United States Post Office, and Waxhaw-Weddington Roads Historic District are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Civil rights struggle
Racial segregation established by a white-dominated state legislature after the end of the Reconstruction era, persisted for nearly a century into the 1960s. Following World War II, many local blacks and veterans, including Marine veteran Robert F. Williams, began to push to regain their constitutional rights after having served the United States and the cause of freedom during the war. This would come to be met with some resistance. During this time, the city had a population estimated at 12,000; the press reported an estimated 7,500 members of the Ku Klux Klan gathering in the city, many coming from South Carolina, being only 14 miles from the state border.
Williams was elected as president of the local chapter of the NAACP; the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People had been founded in the early 1900s. He began to work to integrate public facilities, starting with the library and the city's swimming pool, which both excluded blacks. He noted that not only did blacks pay taxes as citizens that supported operations of such facilities, but they had been built with federal funds during the Great Depression of the 1930s.
In 1958 Williams hired Conrad Lynn, a civil rights attorney from New York City, to aid in defending two African-American boys, aged nine and seven. They had been convicted of "molestation" and sentenced to a reformatory until age 21 for kissing a white girl their age on the cheek. This became known as the Kissing Case. The former First Lady, Eleanor Roosevelt, talked to the North Carolina governor to urge restraint, and the case became internationally embarrassing for the United States. After three months, the governor pardoned the boys.
During the civil rights movement years of the 1960s, there was rising in Ku Klux Klan white violence against the minority black community of Monroe. Williams began to advocate black armed self-defense. Groups known as the Deacons for Defense, were founded by other civil rights leaders in Louisiana and Mississippi.
The NAACP and the black community in Monroe provided a base for some of the Freedom Riders in 1961, who were trying to integrate interstate bus travel through southern states. They had illegally imposed segregation in such buses in the South, although interstate travel was protected under the federal constitution's provisions regulating interstate commerce. Mobs attacked pickets marching for the Freedom Riders at the county courthouse. That year, Williams was accused of kidnapping an elderly white couple, when he sheltered them in his house during an explosive situation of high racial tensions.
Williams and his wife fled the United States to avoid prosecution for kidnapping. They went into exile for years in Cuba and in the People's Republic of China. In 1969 they finally returned to the United States, after Congress had passed important civil rights legislation in 1964 and 1965. The trial of Williams was scheduled in 1975, but North Carolina finally reviewed its case and dropped the charges against him.
The Jesse Helms family was prominent among the white community during these years. Jesse Helms Sr. served as Police and Fire Chief of Monroe for many years. Jesse Helms, Jr. was born and grew up in the town, where whites were Democrats in his youth. He became a politician and was elected five terms (1973β2003) as the U.S. Senator from North Carolina, switching to the Republican Party as it attracted conservative whites. He mustered support in the South, and played a key role in helping Ronald Reagan to be elected as President of the United States. Through that period, he was also a prominent (and often controversial) national leader of the Religious Right wing of the Republican Party. The Jesse Helms Center is in neighboring Wingate, North Carolina.
Geography
CharlotteβMonroe Executive Airport (EQY) is located northwest of Monroe.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which, of it is land and of it (1.13%) is water.
Demographics
2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 34,562 people, 11,482 households, and 8,657 families residing in the city.
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 32,797 people, 9,029 households, and 6,392 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,067.5 people per square mile (412.2/km2). There were 9,621 housing units at an average density of 391.6 per square mile (151.2/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 60.12% White, 27.78% African American, 0.44% Native American, 0.65% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 9.37% from other races, and 1.60% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 21.39% of the population.
There were 9,029 households, out of which 33.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.0% were married couples living together, 15.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.2% were non-families. 23.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.83 and the average family size was 3.27.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 26.9% under the age of 18, 11.6% from 18 to 24, 32.6% from 25 to 44, 18.0% from 45 to 64, and 10.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.1 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $40,457, and the median income for a family was $44,953. Males had a median income of $30,265 versus $22,889 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,970. About 11.7% of families and 17.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 28.7% of those under age 18 and 12.8% of those age 65 or over.
Sports
Two minor league baseball teams in the Western Carolinas League were based in Monroe. The Monroe Indians were in the city in 1969, while the Monroe Pirates were there in 1971.
Media
The local newspaper is The Enquirer-Journal, which is published three days a week (Wednesday, Friday and Sunday).
The local radio stations are WIXE 1190 AM radio and WDZD 99.1 FM.
Notable people
Terry Baucom, banjoist
Thomas Walter Bickett, 54th Governor of North Carolina (1917β1921)
Skipper Bowles, politician
Walter P. Carter, civil rights activist
Gil Coan, Major League Baseball player
David L. Cook, 7-time Emmy Award-winning recording artist
Grover Covington, Canadian Football Hall of Famer
Jamison Crowder, NFL wide receiver for New York Jets
Carlo Curley, classical organist
Christine Darden, aeronautical engineer at NASA; first African-American woman at agency promoted to Senior Executive Service, top rank of federal civil service
Theodore L. Futch, Brigadier general in the United States Army during World War II
JoJo Hailey, R&B and soul singer-songwriter
K-ci Hailey, R&B and soul singer-songwriter
Jesse Helms, U.S. Senator
Richard Huntley, former NFL running back
Carroll McCray, NCAA head football coach of Gardner-Webb University
Jeff McNeely, Major League Baseball player
James W. Nance, U.S. Navy officer, 10th Deputy National Security Advisor (1981β1982)
John J. Parker, U.S. judge who served on tribunal of Nuremberg Trials
Samuel I. Parker, recipient of the Medal of Honor for his actions during World War I
Aaron W. Plyler, politician and businessman
Mike Pope, former NFL tight end coach
Calvin Richardson, R&B and soul singer-songwriter
Speedy Thompson, former NASCAR driver
Andy Tomberlin, Major League Baseball player
John Tsitouris, Major League Baseball pitcher
Paul Waggoner, guitarist for Between the Buried and Me
Robert F. Williams, civil rights activist
Scott Williams, serial killer
Terry Witherspoon, former NFL fullback
References
External links
Official website of Monroe Economic Development
Cities in North Carolina
Cities in Union County, North Carolina
County seats in North Carolina
Populated places established in 1843
1843 establishments in North Carolina | [
-0.3946632444858551,
0.592608630657196,
0.2631407678127289,
-0.394502192735672,
0.4092940390110016,
0.4020770490169525,
0.980610191822052,
0.3336166441440582,
-0.9423759579658508,
-0.30519676208496094,
-0.4831960201263428,
-0.15305252373218536,
-0.7801594734191895,
1.224823236465454,
-0.49291589856147766,
0.727482795715332,
0.050834592431783676,
0.6634907722473145,
0.10362718999385834,
-1.049709439277649,
-0.35640519857406616,
-0.44773975014686584,
0.16458360850811005,
0.45530083775520325,
0.09790027886629105,
0.22981880605220795,
0.24233503639698029,
-0.24359650909900665,
0.06430357694625854,
0.10025930404663086,
-0.2543833255767822,
-0.1368890255689621,
-0.2670983374118805,
0.35067886114120483,
0.5353948473930359,
-0.13642708957195282,
-0.37101712822914124,
0.06241406872868538,
-0.12096210569143295,
-0.08890923112630844,
-0.757394015789032,
-0.2614303529262543,
0.1430809497833252,
0.1716388761997223,
0.14742816984653473,
-0.5076906681060791,
-1.2326524257659912,
0.3229185938835144,
-1.0753142833709717,
-0.9403977394104004,
-0.6797929406166077,
0.4502473473548889,
-0.5089653134346008,
0.7838279604911804,
0.6253811717033386,
0.07875901460647583,
-0.1819395273923874,
0.09807819128036499,
0.6159878969192505,
0.3975084722042084,
-0.4707627594470978,
0.7073572278022766,
0.26231056451797485,
0.18927912414073944,
0.17553746700286865,
0.1866825968027115,
0.009542197920382023,
0.8725921511650085,
-0.30142104625701904,
-0.8021794557571411,
-0.3541184365749359,
0.029129719361662865,
0.014774960465729237,
0.2531754672527313,
0.3497556447982788,
0.4315353333950043,
-0.03626139461994171,
-0.5622206926345825,
0.06566055119037628,
0.04987163096666336,
0.3384400010108948,
0.2110753357410431,
0.7364335060119629,
-0.21039067208766937,
0.6864646673202515,
0.38510826230049133,
-1.2153619527816772,
0.3510277569293976,
0.4438150227069855,
0.722237229347229,
-0.635941743850708,
0.577644944190979,
-0.14579585194587708,
0.015527000650763512,
-0.38022100925445557,
0.06992674618959427,
0.104121632874012,
0.1771407276391983,
0.07249338179826736,
0.478661447763443,
-0.6429861187934875,
0.32809069752693176,
1.2115012407302856,
-0.09286779165267944,
-0.21114611625671387,
0.33100858330726624,
-0.4550745189189911,
0.005701802205294371,
0.04804176092147827,
-0.03586554899811745,
-0.6148237586021423,
0.3330729305744171,
-0.3446674644947052,
-0.9272312521934509,
-0.5694933533668518,
0.24112217128276825,
0.2457488775253296,
-0.37500688433647156,
0.0760425329208374,
-0.20468483865261078,
0.2538430988788605,
0.7003455758094788,
-0.25957363843917847,
0.4258131980895996,
0.28795570135116577,
0.06465765833854675,
-0.047685932368040085,
-0.11425955593585968,
0.07886648923158646,
0.23169125616550446,
-0.3520137667655945,
0.5565919876098633,
-0.04066411778330803,
0.5531136393547058,
-0.15737368166446686,
-0.4601646363735199,
0.08771262317895889,
0.4996196925640106,
0.7641955614089966,
-0.22833916544914246,
-1.0654915571212769,
0.1152404397726059,
-0.47744330763816833,
-0.04168667271733284,
-0.05154525488615036,
-0.3254634439945221,
-0.12846639752388,
-0.24918198585510254,
0.26640018820762634,
0.37541475892066956,
0.10531707108020782,
0.5029194951057434,
0.1952940970659256,
0.19829615950584412,
-0.48560279607772827,
0.0017115456284955144,
0.5097508430480957,
0.43119239807128906,
0.7508191466331482,
0.20921282470226288,
-0.012106312438845634,
0.7851032018661499,
0.49951618909835815,
0.3547067940235138,
0.44962167739868164,
0.09037494659423828,
0.6960646510124207,
-0.41065725684165955,
0.023739460855722427,
-0.06387005746364594,
-0.548613429069519,
0.44500330090522766,
0.3750421404838562,
-0.6640755534172058,
-0.33631715178489685,
-0.23046863079071045,
0.547214686870575,
0.22775571048259735,
0.41835278272628784,
-0.3421612083911896,
-0.7524287104606628,
0.377931147813797,
0.4104320704936981,
-0.300763338804245,
-0.5133647918701172,
0.16936297714710236,
0.15342658758163452,
-0.19242851436138153,
-0.7225879430770874,
-0.3288421928882599,
0.1985272765159607,
-0.19123798608779907,
-0.06861562281847,
-0.30660054087638855,
0.2914116382598877,
0.5456265807151794,
-0.6199032068252563,
0.9393085241317749,
-0.8137057423591614,
-0.0030628100503236055,
0.04317163676023483,
-0.21495668590068817,
0.43255308270454407,
-0.40028128027915955,
0.1460871547460556,
0.17480403184890747,
0.5000149607658386,
-0.189400315284729,
0.11648612469434738,
0.6874147057533264,
0.03981346637010574,
-1.3973356485366821,
-0.13531745970249176,
0.6810557842254639,
-0.19000855088233948,
-0.3768117129802704,
-0.404043585062027,
-0.35958200693130493,
0.4158441722393036,
0.3818613588809967,
0.6597462296485901,
-0.05270514637231827,
0.14792093634605408,
-0.06834924221038818,
0.05470087379217148,
0.8033717274665833,
0.12681278586387634,
0.10076544433832169,
-0.6492693424224854,
-0.39226874709129333,
-0.006622790824621916,
0.23358336091041565,
-0.04628338664770126,
-0.5465863347053528,
0.17715874314308167,
-0.546154260635376,
-0.09539685398340225,
-0.38143470883369446,
0.01890716142952442,
-0.3380855917930603,
0.10230934619903564,
-0.29988792538642883,
-0.6214466691017151,
0.26959097385406494,
0.4770081043243408,
0.1552286446094513,
-0.18629072606563568,
-0.15257605910301208,
0.1305670589208603,
-0.09368221461772919,
-0.11304014176130295,
-0.06131656467914581,
0.4102717936038971,
0.4278377592563629,
0.4865999221801758,
-0.04616260528564453,
-0.3502871096134186,
0.2645512521266937,
0.5186529755592346,
0.7454043030738831,
-0.33023157715797424,
0.10080139338970184,
-0.34151801466941833,
0.044786833226680756,
-0.13932031393051147,
-0.22574612498283386,
-0.5732055306434631,
-0.36772170662879944,
-0.37739452719688416,
0.7648137211799622,
0.2825433313846588,
-0.47029128670692444,
0.11845178157091141,
-0.5350200533866882,
0.5579025149345398,
0.5106537938117981,
0.07632554322481155,
-0.5778082609176636,
-1.3104172945022583,
-0.010150423273444176,
0.2928832769393921,
0.7169113159179688,
-0.29021209478378296,
-0.3736279308795929,
0.5443611741065979,
-1.3776692152023315,
1.0268961191177368,
-0.9202540516853333,
-0.6648134589195251,
0.0022785046603530645,
-0.2195969671010971,
0.2541082799434662,
-0.23329514265060425,
0.9337831139564514,
-0.09417549520730972,
-0.035571277141571045,
0.18222084641456604,
0.15004169940948486,
0.27656644582748413,
-0.5764496326446533,
-0.7492620348930359,
0.31546854972839355,
-0.3085496127605438,
0.4883825480937958,
0.5915127992630005,
-0.8773166537284851,
0.9004281163215637,
-0.6097458600997925,
-4.875829219818115,
0.6206612586975098,
-0.22045911848545074,
-0.12574440240859985,
0.3370529115200043,
-0.29871445894241333,
0.31703558564186096,
-0.2836405038833618,
-0.26775863766670227,
0.629977285861969,
-0.006681333761662245,
-0.14870904386043549,
-0.5813640356063843,
0.9464840888977051,
0.42001017928123474,
0.7090768814086914,
0.9460706114768982,
-0.23387299478054047,
0.38497406244277954,
0.3571028411388397,
-0.5098413825035095,
0.04899325594305992,
-0.3137037754058838,
-0.451982319355011,
0.8926573395729065,
-0.012403621338307858,
-0.10191105306148529,
-0.7477020025253296,
-0.47389382123947144,
-0.09208811074495316,
-0.18597152829170227,
0.32581838965415955,
-0.5996323227882385,
-0.5629974007606506,
0.4333271384239197,
-0.5348719358444214,
-0.0003055950510315597,
-0.2967458665370941,
-0.05793919786810875,
-0.706647515296936,
0.7269404530525208,
0.7891371846199036,
-0.5025419592857361,
-0.3652591109275818,
0.8420689105987549,
-0.9865772724151611,
-0.27946463227272034,
-0.17556212842464447,
-0.33524075150489807,
0.6681343913078308,
0.30503493547439575,
-0.4525474011898041,
0.9099687933921814,
0.1266181766986847,
-0.08169019222259521,
0.21147847175598145,
0.13294421136379242,
0.39928704500198364,
-0.5260183811187744,
1.2039227485656738,
0.5460248589515686,
-0.5819224119186401,
-0.485086053609848,
0.3294472396373749,
-0.3208022117614746,
-0.2795851528644562,
-0.05297480523586273,
0.04031229764223099,
0.6036905646324158,
0.2823716104030609,
-0.0032488959841430187,
0.5357667207717896,
0.0258824210613966,
-0.622655987739563,
0.06317228078842163,
-0.566194474697113,
-0.901553213596344,
-0.5063255429267883,
-0.3488140404224396,
0.19125431776046753,
-0.46085456013679504,
0.09457127004861832,
0.8522834181785583,
0.5696643590927124,
0.004117040894925594,
-0.248268723487854,
-0.40738070011138916,
0.6443530321121216,
-0.3480892777442932,
-0.29760465025901794,
-0.05602060630917549,
0.2922299802303314,
0.7313097715377808,
-0.2377670407295227,
-0.4283739924430847,
0.1556672602891922,
0.2857065796852112,
0.2905132472515106,
-0.17980602383613586,
-0.3717661499977112,
0.6152886748313904,
-0.15375198423862457,
-0.30803194642066956,
-0.1765953153371811,
-0.17375600337982178,
-0.2602008283138275,
0.2232365608215332,
0.40406203269958496,
0.6826440691947937,
-0.2149335891008377,
-0.5953112840652466,
0.009587382897734642,
0.20565584301948547,
-0.19468382000923157,
0.6645880341529846,
-0.49218663573265076,
0.35453173518180847,
0.7641842365264893,
0.33884814381599426,
-0.30619221925735474,
0.11250631511211395,
0.5352978110313416,
-0.21862637996673584,
-0.1979156732559204,
-0.44123750925064087,
-0.5293117761611938,
0.41378554701805115,
0.41983237862586975,
-0.5002840161323547,
0.18165600299835205,
-0.5637720823287964,
-0.18212781846523285,
-0.22145067155361176,
-0.5091580748558044,
-0.4936372935771942,
-0.155502051115036,
-0.1570022851228714,
-0.8674507737159729,
-0.21928000450134277,
0.4411852955818176,
0.6331549882888794,
0.1568249613046646,
-0.34763383865356445,
0.21483120322227478,
-0.4637041389942169,
-0.47718214988708496,
0.3287835419178009,
0.6550091505050659,
-1.020501732826233,
0.018169976770877838,
-0.5666242837905884,
-0.5756078362464905,
-0.001696501742117107,
-0.8313541412353516,
0.08002466708421707,
-0.5618149042129517,
0.44880855083465576,
0.014193289913237095,
1.087836742401123,
-0.45389804244041443,
0.6551718711853027,
0.094230517745018,
-0.4328266680240631,
0.24822095036506653,
0.02413990907371044,
0.14585404098033905,
-0.31581056118011475,
0.29755187034606934,
-0.024457424879074097,
0.24177318811416626,
0.3107839524745941,
-0.550611138343811,
-0.32346421480178833,
-0.43024942278862,
-0.05020830035209656,
0.19961287081241608,
-0.09158045053482056,
0.362779825925827,
-0.33535754680633545,
-0.253939151763916,
0.21205365657806396,
-0.5274463295936584,
-0.9086099863052368,
-0.3272497355937958,
-0.1215631365776062,
-0.3299606442451477,
0.019074106588959694,
-0.4825204014778137,
0.19837048649787903,
-0.09557407349348068,
-0.17887046933174133,
-0.47352468967437744,
0.39480993151664734,
0.08322823792695999,
-0.08277221769094467,
-0.5159341096878052,
0.4370107352733612,
-0.28812241554260254,
-0.08725717663764954,
-0.37865617871284485,
-0.01418854296207428,
0.7125488519668579,
-0.3260737955570221,
0.5390591025352478,
0.09018954634666443,
-1.100079894065857,
0.2631886899471283,
0.4840085506439209,
-0.5111823678016663,
0.8703310489654541,
-0.3965824246406555,
-0.33517470955848694,
0.2110150009393692,
0.3191767632961273,
-0.602252185344696,
0.4329688549041748,
0.06814057379961014,
-0.4649713337421417,
-0.285235196352005,
0.07046764343976974,
-0.5640200972557068,
0.11235541850328445,
-0.1539900004863739,
-0.41421762108802795,
-0.2918281853199005,
0.8075130581855774,
0.40115466713905334,
-0.4251762926578522,
1.1544427871704102,
-0.7946069836616516,
-0.4235411584377289,
0.0774369165301323,
-0.13986150920391083,
0.3886772394180298,
-0.0555117130279541,
-0.21234753727912903,
0.3129710853099823,
-0.3377774655818939,
0.16674751043319702,
-0.20628416538238525,
0.4254724979400635,
0.807040274143219,
-0.21181771159172058,
-0.4415382742881775,
-0.008692720904946327,
0.02691994607448578,
0.7821783423423767,
-0.07864449173212051,
-1.2886580228805542,
0.39785236120224,
0.39639267325401306,
-0.49907153844833374,
-0.9719467163085938,
-0.022124197334051132,
0.7078992128372192,
-0.07927089929580688,
-0.060131244361400604,
0.781169056892395,
-0.10053693503141403,
-0.6974784731864929,
0.1762268990278244,
0.04617596045136452,
0.00010916950850514695,
-0.11280970275402069,
0.41721904277801514,
-0.38301676511764526,
-0.5715131163597107,
-0.032208267599344254,
0.4091111421585083,
-0.39573603868484497,
-0.3229415714740753,
0.10400839895009995,
-0.13900011777877808,
0.41881313920021057,
-0.4980844557285309,
0.6908387541770935,
0.12225741893053055,
-0.6164551973342896,
0.15837305784225464,
0.15335288643836975,
-0.434449166059494,
-0.13011442124843597,
-0.5001183152198792,
-0.16840609908103943,
0.32472965121269226,
-0.5312479138374329,
-0.21826541423797607,
0.21749602258205414,
-0.48792320489883423,
-0.06387341767549515,
0.08420481532812119,
0.4714968800544739,
0.14438965916633606,
-1.0238120555877686,
-0.54185950756073,
0.6660265326499939,
0.20238982141017914,
0.5895794034004211,
0.3117770254611969,
-0.06839476525783539,
-1.0872387886047363,
0.5027395486831665,
-0.6203363537788391,
-0.8424776792526245,
0.30667081475257874,
-0.49117961525917053,
-0.6240020394325256,
-0.545778751373291,
0.3789882957935333,
0.18591485917568207,
0.36845463514328003,
-0.24531322717666626,
0.4725506603717804,
0.6594967246055603,
-0.18405477702617645,
0.14247210323810577,
0.8641796708106995,
-0.6654689908027649,
-0.48547881841659546,
0.262159138917923,
-0.6297990083694458,
0.1526276171207428,
0.3974214792251587,
0.756340742111206,
-0.14381247758865356,
0.8153759241104126,
0.33892884850502014,
0.19895301759243011,
-0.5671534538269043,
0.12739935517311096,
0.14462502300739288,
-0.5969557762145996,
-0.9787977933883667,
0.5296081304550171,
-0.2614043653011322,
-0.6759393811225891,
0.11149346828460693,
-0.45378759503364563,
-0.7875829935073853,
0.39948514103889465,
-0.01758863776922226,
0.31820717453956604,
0.3609039783477783,
0.5544643402099609,
-0.24460364878177643,
-0.27089813351631165,
-0.07751274108886719,
0.23552387952804565,
-0.02609880268573761,
-0.6045916676521301,
0.4050583839416504,
0.2365971803665161,
-0.4102868437767029,
-0.1844620257616043,
-0.3103678524494171,
-0.08898535370826721,
0.4451744258403778,
0.054229769855737686,
-0.9341069459915161,
-0.16197945177555084,
-0.14881622791290283,
-0.3002677261829376,
0.7340006828308105,
-0.13947845995426178,
-0.18267807364463806,
-0.07864601910114288,
0.6675697565078735,
0.45599719882011414,
-0.805255115032196,
0.7411519289016724,
0.18212386965751648,
0.11897510290145874,
0.09580966830253601,
0.3810338079929352,
0.04085845127701759,
0.48347288370132446,
-0.11872934550046921,
0.8698820471763611,
-0.23540765047073364,
-0.0638846606016159,
0.08773963153362274,
-0.03343471512198448,
-0.06900614500045776,
-0.15945419669151306,
0.026759939268231392,
-0.2272680401802063,
-0.5290994048118591,
0.28540483117103577,
0.41709351539611816,
-0.14106376469135284,
-0.022589445114135742,
0.47011440992355347,
-0.17786435782909393,
0.21104274690151215,
0.14586219191551208,
-0.007407745812088251,
0.2294151932001114,
1.041393756866455,
0.6821014881134033,
0.3868992328643799,
0.8557586669921875,
0.18137595057487488,
-0.6576730012893677,
-0.16218756139278412,
0.18614749610424042,
0.7755710482597351,
-0.6248010396957397,
0.7338324189186096,
-1.063467025756836,
0.6923531889915466,
-0.3652677536010742,
0.3887283504009247,
-0.3434616029262543,
0.8746291399002075,
-0.20026491582393646,
0.04563358798623085,
0.8716461062431335,
-0.235967755317688,
-0.7334645390510559,
-0.469823956489563,
0.05836096033453941,
0.29213935136795044,
0.4635156989097595,
0.4418579638004303,
0.3040357828140259,
-0.3226897120475769,
0.07031309604644775,
-0.09147695451974869,
-0.8678237795829773,
0.24607472121715546,
0.46177637577056885,
-0.6643833518028259,
-0.26592227816581726,
-0.0019002632470801473,
-0.7051592469215393,
0.19941549003124237,
-0.2903558909893036,
1.6591591835021973,
0.8134968876838684,
-0.5071506500244141,
-0.6057678461074829,
-0.19692975282669067,
-0.004191812593489885,
-0.27738797664642334,
0.4085790514945984,
0.03152148798108101,
-0.8732354640960693,
-0.41832247376441956,
0.10511355102062225,
0.8888785243034363,
-0.5291782021522522,
-0.2975403964519501,
0.32183319330215454,
0.13815079629421234,
-0.25681576132774353,
0.34875771403312683,
0.12929214537143707,
-0.4275672435760498,
0.5350582599639893,
0.09373383224010468
]
|
128287 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stallings%2C%20North%20Carolina | Stallings, North Carolina | Stallings is a suburban town in Union and Mecklenburg counties in the U.S. state of North Carolina. The population was 13,831 at the 2010 census.
Geography
Stallings is located at (35.089326, -80.686802).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , all of it land.
Demographics
2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 16,112 people, 5,443 households, and 4,283 families residing in the town.
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 3,189 people, 1,180 households, and 931 families residing in the town. The population density was 904.6 people per square mile (348.8/km). There were 1,222 housing units at an average density of 346.7 per square mile (133.7/km). The racial makeup of the town was 88.46% White, 7.78% African American, 0.78% Native American, 0.34% Asian, 1.76% from other races, and 0.88% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.67% of the population.
There were 1,180 households, out of which 36.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.2% were married couples living together, 10.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.1% were non-families. 16.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.70 and the average family size was 3.03.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 26.7% under the age of 18, 6.4% from 18 to 24, 37.5% from 25 to 44, 20.9% from 45 to 64, and 8.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.3 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $51,419, and the median income for a family was $54,526. Males had a median income of $40,149 versus $26,467 for females. The per capita income for the town was $22,352. About 4.9% of families and 5.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.7% of those under age 18 and 11.9% of those age 65 or over.
History
Stallings was incorporated as a town in 1975 but its history reaches back to the early 1900s when Matthew Thomas Stallings, a prominent farmer and merchant who lived near Harrisburg, moved to Union County and bought 200 acres of land on the Mecklenburg County line - northwest of Indian Trail. The late Mr. Jim Smith once described the land as βall in timber, the finest timber you've ever seenβ. Mr. Stallings built a home and opened a country store near the Seaboard Railway track. Newspaper articles from that time note that Mr. Stallings "began to improve his holdings with a view to building up an important settlement and encouraging enterprise and industry in his vicinity."
Mark Conder opened a sawmillβgiving Stallings its first industry. About a year later, M. T. Stallings' brother, Martin Stallings, also moved from Cabarrus County, bought another tract of land for farming; and thus, the community became known as "Stallings". Martin Stallings was the father of Carl "Tip" Stallings, who became the first Mayor of the town after its incorporation. Many people were employed with the saw mill, the store and engaged in farming. The lumber was shipped by rail on to Charlotte and other destinations. An undated article by L. W. Harkey states: βEvery year after crops were laid by, Mr. Stallings would have a regular picnic long about August. And have foot races, sack races, egg races, and all kinds of games. Lemonade and cold drinks were set out under the big oak tree back of the store.β
A 1912 newspaper article stated: "there was a good school in operation with about 75 pupils enrolled and some twenty families settled on the original purchase. The Seaboard Air Line has a regular station there, named Stallings, and all prospects bid fair to make this locality of much future importance. Mr. Stallings will be glad to offer special inducements to manufacturers or others desiring sites for plants or permanent homes." A few years later a new store was built across the road, and the old store building was used for a Methodist church and a schoolhouse. The one-room schoolhouse was located where a large industry, AEP, is now located. Stallings Methodist Church was started about 1911, largely through the efforts of P. D. and Margaret Drye, with the first pastor being Rev. L. W. Self. A new Methodist Church was built in 1912, and the old building was torn down. In 1919, the church was struck by lightning and burned. A bucket brigade was formed, but the building could not be saved. The church was immediately re-built and that building remains today. The store business changed ownership at least four times over the next fifty years. It burned to the ground once and was rebuilt. It was always known as the Country Store, furnishing the community with groceries, feed, and notions during the day, and serving as a gathering place in the evenings. Mr. Jim Smith owned and operated the store from 1916 until 1948. "Mr. Jim" was also one of the largest farmers in the area, and his farm still exists today as Smith Brothers Farm. The store was finally torn down and a strip of small businesses built in its place.
From the turn of the century until the Great Depression of the 1930s, Indian Trail and Stallings were trading centers for cotton farmers as far away as Wesley Chapel to the south and Stewart's Mill to the north." A community resident, Bob Noles, once wrote about Mr. Jim Smith's store, stating it was "nothing to have 50 bales of cotton on the store yard".
In 1910, the Seaboard Railway built a depot and furnished passenger serviceβas well as, freight service for several years. The depot gave the town's residents and merchants easy access to suppliers. With the Depression, however, the trains stopped running and the depots in Stallings and Indian Trail were both closed. The depot in Stallings had closed earlier because the train could not get up steam fast enough to climb the grade into Matthews, if it stopped in Stallings.
"Mr. Jim" was quoted in a 1975 article saying, "Years ago there wasn't nothing to get money out of but cotton and watermelons." The giant Bradford watermelons grew well in the sandy soil and were sold in Charlotte by the truckloads or shipped to New York by rail. When the Depression came, blight killed the watermelons, boll weevils feasted on the cotton, and the Depression made peasants of everyone.
After the Depression, a new four-lane highway, U.S. 74, was built and came through Stallings from Monroe to Charlotte. Growth and population grew quickly in the 1960s and early-1970s. The town was incorporated on June 24, 1975.
Stallings, then classified as a small town, had a population of 2,152 and more than 200 businesses. A new shopping center was built featuring a Winn-Dixie Supermarket and Kerr Drug, along with several other businesses. It appeared that Mr. M. T. Stallings' 1912 prediction that "all prospects bid fair to make this locality of much future importance" was accurate.
The Town of Stallings continued to growβby 2003, there were over 8,500 residents and 400 businesses. A large annexation along Stevens Mill Road and Lawyers Road in 2001, doubled the population and size of the Town almost overnight. Additional annexations included parcels of land in adjoining Mecklenburg County, making Stallings the first "Union County" town to lie in two counties. The 2001 annexation included land along the Goose Creek. Goose Creek begins along the northeastern boundary of current Mecklenburg County, and flows southeasterly to the Rocky River. Near the headwaters of this creek is an area of town referred to as the "Stevens Mill area." It is located along Stevens Mill Road between Idlewild Road and Lawyers Road.
Stevens Mill
The history of the Stevens Mill area goes back to the establishment of a gristmill in the late 1700s. The mill was built and known as Blair's Mill for many years before it became Stevens Mill. The site of the mill also contained a handsome old ante-bellum home of the Stevens family. The home was destroyed by fire in December 1894.
A history compiled by Houston V. Blair of Monroe, North Carolina states: βThe "mill site" is known to have existed as early as December 1789 and was built as a grist mill by William Blair on approximately 1400 acres. When William Blair died Samuel Blair operated the mill along with his son James G. Blair until his death in 1836. The last mill at this site was constructed in 1826 on a massive stone foundation along Goose Creek, remnants of which still exist. Craftsmen who had just completed Philadelphia Presbyterian Church in Mint Hill, built Blair's' Mill, as it was called then, as a four-story wooden structure. The water wheel that gave power to the mill was said to be some thirty feet in diameter. On February 3, 1849 James G. Blair sold Blair's Mill and 610 acres of land on the waters of Goose Creek to Amos Stevens. Thus, beginning in 1849 and in future generations Blair's Mill became known as Stevens Mill. The Stevens family operated the mill for almost 100 years thereafter.β
Rev. S. Hood wrote an article appearing in the Charlotte News in the early 1900s. It quoted Dr. Sam Stevens describing the four- story wooden structure as one of immense hewed logs mortised and keyed with pins and built in 1826. The mill contained equipment for both flour and meal and was kept in good condition. Rev. Hood continued in his article to describe the mill in its earlier days, βeven in colonial days the scene, near the old stage coach line, must have been a community gathering place, or mustering ground for the local militia and perhaps was the scene of a large country store and water mill long before the present old building was erected.β
Newton Pyron, a local resident, recounts how he βattended the exhibition of John Robinson's shows on the yard of this old mill soon after the Civil War and got a free ticket 50 years later when the show came back to Charlotte.β The John Robinson's shows were later acquired by, and are now known as, the Ringling Brothers Barnum & Bailey Circus.
The water-ground products from the mill were known far and wide in both Union and Mecklenburg counties. Rev. Hood stated that it βwas preferred and demanded by discriminating housewives in Charlotte and Monroe. For many generations farmers from miles around found their way to the Steven's water mill with their corn and wheat on men's backs, on mules, on ox carts, sleds, and later by motor vehicle.β
Although the small piece of land that contains the ruins of the mill is now part of a neighboring town, most of the land that was once part of the mill property is now in the town of Stallings. Stevens Creek which fed the mill still runs through the Divide Golf Course and across 485 into Mecklenburg County. A major street, a neighborhood and a shopping center have also been named for the mill that once contributed greatly to our area.
Stallings has grown from a small town with only one employee to a town of 13,830 + residents and the third largest municipality in Union County. For many years the town continued the tradition of Mr. Stallings' picnic 'long about August' by hosting a Family Night in the park event on the first weekend of August but more recently, the event has moved to September to enjoy the cooler temperatures. Other events to bring the community together include an Easter egg hunt, Earth Day celebrations, a music festival, and a Christmas tree lighting in the park with hot chocolate, cookies, and of course a visit from Santa!
References
External links
Official website of Stallings, NC
Towns in Union County, North Carolina
Towns in Mecklenburg County, North Carolina
Towns in North Carolina | [
-0.5843707323074341,
0.39632800221443176,
0.2643267810344696,
-0.12313396483659744,
0.006935927085578442,
-0.04030070826411247,
0.8395155668258667,
0.6920008659362793,
-0.7197229862213135,
-0.023043107241392136,
-0.14773495495319366,
-0.2612065374851227,
-0.30735141038894653,
1.1429839134216309,
-0.6357529163360596,
0.5136843919754028,
0.3878641426563263,
0.7398074269294739,
0.5331225395202637,
-0.8494523167610168,
0.05760277435183525,
-0.5850728154182434,
0.27070581912994385,
-0.17077088356018066,
0.06290047615766525,
0.12171052396297455,
0.22990988194942474,
-0.03849959000945091,
-0.4267197847366333,
0.22213993966579437,
-0.2508145570755005,
0.6214063167572021,
-0.3957189619541168,
-0.13003866374492645,
0.6880569458007812,
-0.24721910059452057,
0.2514391243457794,
-0.05921769514679909,
0.30951565504074097,
-0.48708826303482056,
-0.503241777420044,
0.2674805223941803,
0.33968138694763184,
0.1128443256020546,
-0.0316365510225296,
-0.547912061214447,
-1.4546540975570679,
-0.07608293741941452,
-0.697205126285553,
-1.0398380756378174,
-0.6050395369529724,
-0.17645327746868134,
0.4308792054653168,
0.320522278547287,
0.3373008668422699,
-0.009714461863040924,
-0.5945655107498169,
0.2056061327457428,
1.1823859214782715,
0.6408244967460632,
-0.3415229022502899,
0.020455343648791313,
-0.33731916546821594,
0.12371762096881866,
-0.13618409633636475,
0.3133305311203003,
-0.5879126191139221,
0.8962140083312988,
0.08539387583732605,
-0.5607706308364868,
-0.5762737989425659,
-0.24910207092761993,
0.5274550318717957,
0.6884886622428894,
-0.1517896205186844,
0.372060090303421,
0.004996404051780701,
0.37876617908477783,
-0.0488433837890625,
-0.32895714044570923,
0.2818617522716522,
-0.05973321571946144,
0.971467137336731,
-0.337159663438797,
0.6801367998123169,
0.27652180194854736,
-0.9586809873580933,
0.35839271545410156,
0.11775421351194382,
0.5256430506706238,
-0.14063018560409546,
-0.15647129714488983,
-0.4642810821533203,
0.3134157657623291,
-0.737064778804779,
-0.1495002657175064,
0.07176173478364944,
0.2051268070936203,
-0.06451154500246048,
0.7359738945960999,
-0.2562752664089203,
0.6443400979042053,
1.372997760772705,
0.008463959209620953,
-0.009425798431038857,
-0.43398037552833557,
-0.8025341629981995,
-0.12632524967193604,
0.0007451092242263258,
-1.3051791191101074,
-0.7893373966217041,
0.7892863154411316,
-0.08910150825977325,
-0.7237144112586975,
-0.25407472252845764,
1.1665397882461548,
0.23236562311649323,
-0.7988004088401794,
-0.05814896523952484,
0.17966380715370178,
0.5736802816390991,
1.0822206735610962,
-0.6228833198547363,
0.23718108236789703,
-0.37849611043930054,
0.46410414576530457,
0.09345489740371704,
0.05436109006404877,
0.2303096204996109,
1.0543315410614014,
-0.4116818904876709,
0.7265443801879883,
-0.2773284316062927,
0.3396121859550476,
0.07939387857913971,
-0.4710100293159485,
0.1516045778989792,
0.24222886562347412,
0.7725328803062439,
-0.12643250823020935,
-0.8508445024490356,
-0.06215321272611618,
-1.231141209602356,
-0.07967838644981384,
0.8757853507995605,
-0.05980565771460533,
-0.22950944304466248,
-0.09455759078264236,
0.24473154544830322,
0.35555848479270935,
-0.004480286501348019,
0.15587922930717468,
0.3476908802986145,
0.24693092703819275,
-0.8161435127258301,
-0.24174031615257263,
0.3644718825817108,
-0.2942217290401459,
0.9579420685768127,
0.9238213300704956,
-0.33714747428894043,
0.3791271448135376,
0.30944281816482544,
0.348147451877594,
0.19378499686717987,
-0.29140937328338623,
0.9417043328285217,
-0.23273548483848572,
-0.3880923390388489,
0.34030523896217346,
-0.6656199097633362,
0.9386022090911865,
0.5002357363700867,
-0.8026106357574463,
0.9438610672950745,
-0.4099790155887604,
1.1558640003204346,
0.054104410111904144,
0.3754759430885315,
-0.40850621461868286,
-0.8827453255653381,
0.47222211956977844,
0.5277819037437439,
0.0016202005790546536,
-0.6001070141792297,
0.3565784990787506,
0.29406124353408813,
0.2549234628677368,
-0.5627213716506958,
-0.18674910068511963,
-0.42453423142433167,
-0.6750373840332031,
0.8676508069038391,
0.0051306770183146,
0.9454272985458374,
0.5761940479278564,
0.3668379783630371,
0.15271025896072388,
0.13583801686763763,
0.7026543021202087,
0.2263420969247818,
-0.7566925883293152,
0.09146698564291,
-0.07100848853588104,
-0.35191747546195984,
1.4725639820098877,
0.23316174745559692,
-0.41524431109428406,
0.47892481088638306,
0.4682252109050751,
0.3874706029891968,
-0.8317810893058777,
-0.34237223863601685,
0.6891990900039673,
-0.09491296112537384,
-0.968326210975647,
-0.10807915776968002,
-0.03684287145733833,
0.31499022245407104,
-0.8546462655067444,
0.1930375099182129,
0.015981081873178482,
-0.05189402401447296,
-0.21927997469902039,
-0.18537116050720215,
0.6974265575408936,
0.2205057293176651,
-0.018050089478492737,
-0.3160873055458069,
-0.46397891640663147,
0.697188138961792,
0.2127334177494049,
-0.5971254706382751,
-0.5099546313285828,
-0.45597997307777405,
-0.17762215435504913,
-0.15966838598251343,
-0.8062397837638855,
0.7833894491195679,
-0.5972119569778442,
-0.26969143748283386,
-0.007268422748893499,
-0.7109001278877258,
0.38475897908210754,
0.044299524277448654,
0.5232563018798828,
0.006396636366844177,
0.37022361159324646,
-0.26190221309661865,
-0.9257904887199402,
0.43141403794288635,
0.3344530463218689,
-0.08034719526767731,
-0.7269799709320068,
0.04577973484992981,
0.09549729526042938,
-0.3222253918647766,
0.47003111243247986,
0.12025048583745956,
-0.1458054482936859,
-0.2309020608663559,
0.5465893149375916,
0.025299817323684692,
-0.2825193405151367,
-0.03322909027338028,
-0.8770634531974792,
-0.8027017712593079,
-0.6029165387153625,
-0.01656932756304741,
0.17165987193584442,
0.2718435227870941,
-0.5023964643478394,
-0.28764820098876953,
-1.2739945650100708,
0.23007109761238098,
-0.10875529795885086,
-0.14784403145313263,
0.1537475436925888,
-1.1601529121398926,
0.09457707405090332,
0.3760853707790375,
1.2994189262390137,
-0.5720980167388916,
-0.2787434458732605,
-0.09728722274303436,
-0.8753808736801147,
0.702786386013031,
-0.08298326283693314,
-0.1424190253019333,
-0.17531108856201172,
0.023723788559436798,
-0.0018375004874542356,
-0.5259474515914917,
1.1612473726272583,
-0.7383898496627808,
0.17970912158489227,
-0.23259237408638,
-0.23450441658496857,
0.2877829372882843,
0.014199623838067055,
-0.7764893770217896,
0.08788582682609558,
-0.5204858779907227,
-0.09872214496135712,
-0.28169161081314087,
-0.348128080368042,
-0.040603846311569214,
-0.5696744322776794,
-4.232552528381348,
0.3261798024177551,
-0.3412584364414215,
-0.06430445611476898,
0.36487817764282227,
-0.3494420051574707,
0.5417602062225342,
-0.06968851387500763,
-0.24078086018562317,
0.5053179860115051,
0.015193278901278973,
-0.38350963592529297,
0.16281624138355255,
0.6814271807670593,
0.6470018625259399,
0.49075785279273987,
1.4034212827682495,
-0.07309964299201965,
0.40962105989456177,
-0.07753001898527145,
-0.6665922999382019,
0.14852352440357208,
-0.09518469870090485,
-0.1334124505519867,
0.8488193154335022,
1.4199451208114624,
-0.016933508217334747,
0.13541823625564575,
-0.7894706130027771,
0.26108354330062866,
0.12956595420837402,
-0.0009715285268612206,
-0.19857829809188843,
-0.4052412509918213,
-0.4588526487350464,
-0.10089962929487228,
-0.31359031796455383,
-0.23507675528526306,
0.17059382796287537,
-0.4189908802509308,
0.45060110092163086,
0.8237133622169495,
-0.7598053812980652,
0.22060056030750275,
1.0239226818084717,
-0.14028219878673553,
-0.37392547726631165,
-0.1761772334575653,
-0.05815180018544197,
0.47828349471092224,
0.4580616056919098,
-0.45333972573280334,
0.8656168580055237,
0.3480813503265381,
0.283373087644577,
-0.552153468132019,
0.8970189094543457,
-0.4381473958492279,
0.008027718402445316,
0.6003336906433105,
0.17100052535533905,
-0.6047344207763672,
-0.04995225742459297,
0.08492658287286758,
-0.1393376886844635,
-0.7305724024772644,
0.5284245610237122,
0.3529890477657318,
0.23481401801109314,
-0.09677933156490326,
0.05325746163725853,
0.38297325372695923,
0.00007514731987612322,
-0.37406212091445923,
0.21209195256233215,
-0.5335926413536072,
-0.5281825661659241,
0.2805737853050232,
-0.31489530205726624,
-0.24184806644916534,
0.16527678072452545,
0.1653710901737213,
0.2503398358821869,
1.0052682161331177,
0.06820116192102432,
-0.616319477558136,
-0.10509543120861053,
0.28514111042022705,
-0.6577131152153015,
-0.5013740062713623,
0.425510048866272,
0.18585944175720215,
0.442473441362381,
-0.29408103227615356,
-0.2948446571826935,
0.8853933215141296,
0.3514551818370819,
-0.3150705397129059,
-0.25631678104400635,
-0.28283414244651794,
0.30637335777282715,
-0.654888391494751,
0.02271326072514057,
-0.11969392746686935,
-0.33546319603919983,
-0.23773778975009918,
0.17203179001808167,
0.8984655737876892,
0.30833303928375244,
-0.2686142325401306,
-0.4299018979072571,
0.0710243359208107,
-0.0014797623734921217,
-0.46026402711868286,
0.8311882019042969,
-0.2649078667163849,
-0.5734829902648926,
0.9976446628570557,
0.16098198294639587,
0.17347082495689392,
0.2813566029071808,
0.35716012120246887,
-0.2801980972290039,
0.07787727564573288,
-0.39897415041923523,
-0.5782967209815979,
0.8891839981079102,
-0.21006377041339874,
-0.6723834276199341,
0.4043833315372467,
-0.1891556829214096,
-0.10959137976169586,
-0.9422258138656616,
-0.7684677839279175,
-0.29706063866615295,
-0.5587881207466125,
-0.4437938928604126,
-0.7834358215332031,
0.03641989827156067,
0.40612730383872986,
0.4512529969215393,
0.15809887647628784,
-0.2677232623100281,
0.38003984093666077,
-0.5449320673942566,
0.5045609474182129,
1.193086862564087,
-0.2526618540287018,
-0.9958230257034302,
0.5231669545173645,
-0.3849450349807739,
-0.8660643696784973,
-0.027384262531995773,
-0.7467055320739746,
0.4553612172603607,
-0.11562406271696091,
0.6743203997612,
0.42854878306388855,
0.4987212121486664,
-0.25035369396209717,
-0.07858574390411377,
0.2253088504076004,
-0.6803107261657715,
0.5715579390525818,
0.08281340450048447,
-0.8112258911132812,
0.11671233177185059,
-0.4055756628513336,
-0.747838020324707,
0.30337509512901306,
0.1919562816619873,
-0.5553057789802551,
-0.10250874608755112,
-0.05456385016441345,
0.3304947018623352,
-0.660283625125885,
-0.1013522520661354,
0.5322667360305786,
-0.16183102130889893,
-0.45561689138412476,
-0.22198228538036346,
0.079205222427845,
-0.9438950419425964,
0.235728919506073,
0.29376038908958435,
-0.694524347782135,
-0.13929422199726105,
-0.22176653146743774,
-0.527466356754303,
0.21526983380317688,
-0.1185520589351654,
0.031573642045259476,
0.6182336211204529,
0.2350541204214096,
-0.49963146448135376,
-0.8161957859992981,
0.23882724344730377,
-0.047253455966711044,
-0.3242802023887634,
-0.6894453763961792,
0.5570784211158752,
0.8931143283843994,
-0.5339404344558716,
0.5790300965309143,
0.40880611538887024,
-1.2635705471038818,
0.3494724631309509,
0.7733256220817566,
-0.4000255763530731,
1.210990071296692,
-0.2140699177980423,
-0.6189135313034058,
0.13074637949466705,
0.41091370582580566,
-0.45502564311027527,
-0.2119474560022354,
0.5013954639434814,
-0.564547598361969,
-0.03292892873287201,
0.037862539291381836,
0.18245118856430054,
-0.1865275502204895,
-0.03807399794459343,
-0.3521276116371155,
-0.951816976070404,
0.6110553741455078,
0.09809641540050507,
-0.48781561851501465,
0.8530205488204956,
-0.9727706909179688,
-0.5725828409194946,
-0.017315752804279327,
0.6069728136062622,
0.4797948896884918,
-0.1555429995059967,
0.08164941519498825,
-0.2056385576725006,
-0.15245220065116882,
0.7458606362342834,
0.016833558678627014,
0.5783162117004395,
0.42587044835090637,
0.2310296893119812,
-0.48381927609443665,
-0.9592610597610474,
-0.006793584208935499,
0.6032818555831909,
-0.04155776649713516,
-0.7917138338088989,
0.741719663143158,
0.2144077867269516,
-0.592705249786377,
-0.9834820032119751,
-0.051660310477018356,
1.270338535308838,
-0.046010490506887436,
0.2101871520280838,
0.6337366104125977,
-0.006808714475482702,
0.020953968167304993,
0.1834654062986374,
0.3462211489677429,
-0.03003292717039585,
0.3319866359233856,
0.2661548852920532,
-0.26480525732040405,
-0.101507268846035,
0.1491837352514267,
0.5835402607917786,
-0.7127507925033569,
-0.7510690689086914,
-0.15337543189525604,
0.40223929286003113,
-0.09933265298604965,
-0.10784511268138885,
0.25025686621665955,
0.03130407631397247,
-1.0202447175979614,
-0.30822038650512695,
0.05091623589396477,
0.3075290024280548,
-0.3237587809562683,
-0.06228799745440483,
-0.8021454215049744,
0.09493888914585114,
-0.8517364859580994,
-0.09033761918544769,
-0.29484352469444275,
-0.7256551384925842,
-0.21342629194259644,
-0.43963822722435,
-0.3382982313632965,
0.25376981496810913,
-0.2606792449951172,
-0.2658272385597229,
0.6704650521278381,
-0.39155247807502747,
0.17558926343917847,
0.13798274099826813,
0.13460513949394226,
-1.2906798124313354,
0.679816484451294,
-0.36352086067199707,
-0.7459887266159058,
0.7433748841285706,
-0.12569184601306915,
-0.31414157152175903,
-0.7388617396354675,
0.2949591279029846,
0.13112643361091614,
-0.22916042804718018,
0.38874590396881104,
0.20442357659339905,
1.0574041604995728,
-0.2246445119380951,
0.42834821343421936,
0.4194857180118561,
-0.6528395414352417,
-0.3065984845161438,
0.5997904539108276,
-0.2881670296192169,
-0.2077072411775589,
0.8370363712310791,
0.9411766529083252,
-0.3443913161754608,
0.9866862893104553,
-0.14918161928653717,
0.054169200360774994,
0.4000873267650604,
-0.033488065004348755,
-0.30746352672576904,
-0.6766133904457092,
-0.36662569642066956,
0.43399807810783386,
-0.6619696021080017,
0.30232009291648865,
-0.15393716096878052,
-0.5858696103096008,
-0.5472617149353027,
0.5849540829658508,
-0.1682920604944229,
0.22640886902809143,
-0.035383012145757675,
-0.3050573468208313,
-0.1447911560535431,
-0.40567636489868164,
0.009195133112370968,
0.04677420109510422,
0.6966807246208191,
-0.30508553981781006,
-0.31767570972442627,
-0.044525790959596634,
-0.1215205118060112,
-0.5138128399848938,
-0.0779431164264679,
-0.22362403571605682,
0.3094980716705322,
-0.7672237753868103,
-0.6028895378112793,
-1.631808876991272,
0.007868160493671894,
-0.5966399312019348,
0.37727755308151245,
0.26678311824798584,
0.13765490055084229,
-0.5746272802352905,
0.5209214687347412,
0.08430781960487366,
-0.05278081074357033,
1.230046033859253,
0.9866562485694885,
0.06312958896160126,
0.9834297895431519,
0.0364362969994545,
0.7367017865180969,
0.41043055057525635,
0.4333353638648987,
-0.0644722580909729,
-0.0935676321387291,
-0.21531003713607788,
-0.12490879744291306,
-0.22957536578178406,
-0.2411595582962036,
-0.23572257161140442,
0.28966087102890015,
-0.19326210021972656,
-0.6471102833747864,
0.22044949233531952,
0.4941873550415039,
-0.4928976893424988,
-0.08786328136920929,
0.6213220953941345,
-0.1531769186258316,
0.5253943800926208,
-0.09611952304840088,
0.23173017799854279,
-0.14707477390766144,
0.36436882615089417,
0.42305484414100647,
0.44326460361480713,
0.0862550362944603,
0.550634503364563,
-0.22472450137138367,
0.5827029347419739,
0.12288433313369751,
0.3194867670536041,
-0.8079966902732849,
0.9432909488677979,
-0.608439028263092,
1.0772829055786133,
0.16799752414226532,
0.4765383303165436,
0.11915336549282074,
0.8287422060966492,
-0.15199430286884308,
-0.22394943237304688,
0.18777787685394287,
-0.15626223385334015,
-0.7903596758842468,
-0.36303794384002686,
0.1426866054534912,
-0.23815448582172394,
0.2112003117799759,
0.3035127818584442,
-0.09942958503961563,
-0.42734581232070923,
0.10303454101085663,
-0.3212496340274811,
-0.6693770289421082,
0.13906417787075043,
-0.3628154695034027,
-0.49318769574165344,
-0.05083850398659706,
-0.44974005222320557,
0.0016514771850779653,
-0.0003196184989064932,
0.16332361102104187,
1.2399729490280151,
0.9931015372276306,
-0.6467152237892151,
-0.10446030646562576,
-0.1774563044309616,
0.2513829171657562,
0.4763975143432617,
-2.0677905082702637,
0.06948418915271759,
-0.1882956624031067,
-0.7561649680137634,
-0.314228355884552,
0.5069306492805481,
-0.012571127153933048,
-0.5986557602882385,
0.10910851508378983,
0.1683797538280487,
0.05451871454715729,
0.2400982528924942,
0.23020176589488983,
-0.6158772706985474,
0.284536749124527,
0.21799403429031372
]
|
128288 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unionville%2C%20North%20Carolina | Unionville, North Carolina | Unionville is a rural town in Union County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 5,929 at the 2010 census.
Geography
Unionville is located at (35.073239, -80.520922).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which, of it is land and of it (0.11%) is water. It is in the Foothills of the Uwharrie Mountains
Demographics
2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 6,643 people, 2,614 households, and 2,094 families residing in the town.
2000 census
At the 2000 census there were 4,797 people in 1,670 households, including 1,382 families, in the town. The population density was 183.1 people per square mile (70.7/kmΒ²). There were 1,717 housing units at an average density of 65.5 per square mile (25.3/kmΒ²). The racial makeup of the town was 96.48% White, 2.23% African American, 0.19% Native American, 0.33% Asian, 0.48% from other races, and 0.29% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.71%.
Of the 1,670 households 44.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 72.4% were married couples living together, 6.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 17.2% were non-families. 14.4% of households were one person and 5.3% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.85 and the average family size was 3.15.
The age distribution was 29.0% under the age of 18, 6.6% from 18 to 24, 34.8% from 25 to 44, 20.9% from 45 to 64, and 8.8% 65 or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.2 males.
The median household income was $57,478 and the median family income was $62,736. Males had a median income of $40,145 versus $28,889 for females. The per capita income for the town was $20,266. About 3.0% of families and 5.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.6% of those under age 18 and 15.6% of those age 65 or over.
The town is famous for being the hometown of two CompassNAD employees, Hunter "Hacksaw" Edwards, and Benny Johnson.
Education
Currently, Unionville houses Piedmont High School, Piedmont Middle School, Unionville Elementary School, Porter Ridge Elementary School, Porter Ridge Middle School, Porter Ridge High School and New Salem Elementary School
References
External links
Official website
Towns in Union County, North Carolina | [
-0.33148038387298584,
0.43476322293281555,
0.08191125094890594,
-0.3973201811313629,
0.9920742511749268,
0.23339566588401794,
0.670114278793335,
0.4579658806324005,
-0.6943258047103882,
-0.5534268617630005,
-0.7105360627174377,
0.008225035853683949,
-0.8767126798629761,
1.1352843046188354,
-1.0225433111190796,
1.0817662477493286,
0.19414766132831573,
0.7532652616500854,
0.21614626049995422,
-0.6061729788780212,
-0.31587347388267517,
-0.6323978304862976,
0.48107948899269104,
0.3544328510761261,
0.12023166567087173,
-0.21952810883522034,
0.4548954367637634,
-0.1288803368806839,
-0.06915810704231262,
0.13253988325595856,
-0.2536720931529999,
0.275697261095047,
-0.40811672806739807,
-0.08022435754537582,
0.29165178537368774,
-0.3616667687892914,
-0.20175835490226746,
0.1835530400276184,
0.24730466306209564,
-0.29780787229537964,
-0.5329675674438477,
-0.042939551174640656,
-0.1289304494857788,
0.2565426826477051,
0.6511903405189514,
-0.5326759219169617,
-1.8006062507629395,
0.3091702163219452,
-1.031954288482666,
-1.2010382413864136,
-0.6263664960861206,
0.2936704754829407,
0.13614533841609955,
0.5313050150871277,
0.34910333156585693,
0.2513746917247772,
-0.27563029527664185,
0.5633853077888489,
0.9273192882537842,
0.24868988990783691,
-0.5629048943519592,
0.897346556186676,
0.4836704432964325,
0.12201349437236786,
-0.09952937066555023,
-0.21356423199176788,
-0.006464486010372639,
0.44561272859573364,
0.16653385758399963,
-0.44856587052345276,
-0.14925339818000793,
0.13806255161762238,
-0.09511138498783112,
-0.06438517570495605,
0.006687728222459555,
0.513728141784668,
0.0028810761868953705,
-0.18246446549892426,
-0.12438616156578064,
0.03631899133324623,
0.1545923352241516,
0.08538901060819626,
0.3995978832244873,
-0.13335824012756348,
0.4157222807407379,
0.3955784738063812,
-1.0420515537261963,
0.48897939920425415,
0.2875465452671051,
0.3505456745624542,
-0.6259182691574097,
0.19382596015930176,
-0.6013983488082886,
-0.10741785913705826,
-0.5400465130805969,
0.2665214240550995,
-0.21819151937961578,
0.2024291604757309,
-0.03503728285431862,
0.400307834148407,
-0.6393063068389893,
0.2738350033760071,
1.1879061460494995,
-0.21148481965065002,
0.0612080954015255,
-0.18536227941513062,
-0.7833555936813354,
-0.4372127056121826,
0.40114572644233704,
-0.6384444236755371,
-0.8450372219085693,
0.4176507592201233,
-0.039540622383356094,
-0.7934170961380005,
-0.31857842206954956,
0.012992161326110363,
-0.02438190020620823,
-0.6065757274627686,
-0.024705812335014343,
0.11319179087877274,
-0.023488778620958328,
0.7770008444786072,
-0.43731260299682617,
0.6425973773002625,
-0.03780541941523552,
0.23479020595550537,
0.2554551959037781,
-0.29046958684921265,
-0.026520119979977608,
0.6724258065223694,
-0.15916571021080017,
0.6599936485290527,
0.013291487470269203,
0.7153600454330444,
-0.07993198186159134,
-0.22530905902385712,
0.06522291898727417,
0.02170381136238575,
0.4841141998767853,
0.16155651211738586,
-0.8985720276832581,
0.12671901285648346,
-0.6521557569503784,
0.10417703539133072,
-0.3256826102733612,
-0.2930578589439392,
0.02204257994890213,
-0.29322904348373413,
0.5470240712165833,
0.20414981245994568,
0.2665606439113617,
0.05946474149823189,
-0.0026023800019174814,
0.5438814163208008,
-0.3309035301208496,
-0.2841576337814331,
0.6253623366355896,
-0.0507548451423645,
0.43359431624412537,
0.3042375445365906,
-0.1751866340637207,
0.7705582976341248,
0.5649271011352539,
0.429699569940567,
0.5537052154541016,
0.1287536770105362,
0.5030888915061951,
-0.3852842450141907,
0.028279263526201248,
0.32044532895088196,
-0.23352599143981934,
0.5383719801902771,
0.33110344409942627,
-0.4022359848022461,
0.17919164896011353,
-0.36615872383117676,
0.7180944681167603,
0.269664466381073,
0.3032067120075226,
-0.24431206285953522,
-0.8604431748390198,
0.3724461793899536,
0.5337614417076111,
0.3212861120700836,
-0.04543701559305191,
0.4463177025318146,
0.3683798015117645,
-0.3804667890071869,
-0.5280035138130188,
-0.29747307300567627,
-0.07367417216300964,
-0.6265712380409241,
0.08976415544748306,
-0.20464380085468292,
0.5961501002311707,
0.6210986971855164,
-0.7361559271812439,
0.5844541192054749,
-0.5315255522727966,
-0.0015153238782659173,
0.5125246644020081,
-0.24986352026462555,
0.3122301697731018,
-0.5923505425453186,
0.05132031813263893,
0.7103614807128906,
0.37628623843193054,
-0.299830824136734,
0.2291291207075119,
0.14863376319408417,
0.011159054934978485,
-1.0332825183868408,
-0.08262144774198532,
0.6462205052375793,
-0.38533446192741394,
-0.8546390533447266,
-0.22512619197368622,
-0.14544519782066345,
0.4417789876461029,
-0.06521540880203247,
0.8768178224563599,
-0.09757430106401443,
0.34918880462646484,
-0.24560780823230743,
-0.2822399437427521,
0.6230944991111755,
0.25548723340034485,
0.3152412474155426,
-0.4669734239578247,
0.11538204550743103,
0.20633240044116974,
0.20692986249923706,
0.013207534328103065,
-0.5153375267982483,
0.29926180839538574,
-0.5354354977607727,
-0.19434785842895508,
-0.6191326975822449,
0.0212358720600605,
-0.4192660450935364,
-0.33982548117637634,
0.3956974446773529,
-1.0270602703094482,
0.004660614766180515,
0.0550382174551487,
0.1559440791606903,
-0.5534802079200745,
-0.02725009247660637,
0.2801031768321991,
-0.30396780371665955,
-0.04823393374681473,
0.04011106491088867,
0.24612143635749817,
0.21041952073574066,
-0.02759813889861107,
0.057045161724090576,
-0.09761880338191986,
0.393865704536438,
0.2332945466041565,
0.22294694185256958,
-0.3944080173969269,
0.11221454292535782,
-0.7717303037643433,
-0.10221892595291138,
0.22333315014839172,
-0.9000269770622253,
-0.6020196676254272,
-0.03702807426452637,
-0.24611137807369232,
0.5552054047584534,
0.5871227383613586,
-0.5143489241600037,
0.15301008522510529,
-0.37048229575157166,
0.781429648399353,
0.34888142347335815,
-0.11531151831150055,
-0.39809679985046387,
-1.136910319328308,
0.037114761769771576,
0.0966569036245346,
1.0284496545791626,
-0.23054493963718414,
-0.07308997958898544,
0.23700100183486938,
-0.8630390763282776,
1.2358639240264893,
-0.34220385551452637,
-0.7738611698150635,
-0.32249635457992554,
-0.37366783618927,
0.0960400328040123,
-0.28936347365379333,
1.0160801410675049,
-0.16956762969493866,
0.1706518977880478,
0.41123756766319275,
0.08168339729309082,
0.18457083404064178,
-0.17234066128730774,
-0.6578202247619629,
0.39802056550979614,
-0.41279274225234985,
0.38508686423301697,
0.48982173204421997,
-0.8688395023345947,
0.538337767124176,
-0.4024994373321533,
-4.801732540130615,
0.39835312962532043,
-0.19455058872699738,
-0.08161123096942902,
0.4401609003543854,
-0.5994234681129456,
0.5149840116500854,
-0.13355068862438202,
-0.23811857402324677,
0.6431844234466553,
-0.20293256640434265,
-0.23726710677146912,
-0.1051417887210846,
0.44000598788261414,
0.2741575539112091,
0.45120829343795776,
0.7664715051651001,
-0.03132339194417,
0.6515840291976929,
0.2720497250556946,
-0.3194650113582611,
-0.014151719398796558,
-0.07591532170772552,
-0.22777770459651947,
0.6933870911598206,
0.39404749870300293,
-0.14254477620124817,
-0.5049093961715698,
-0.2520553767681122,
-0.0856255292892456,
0.17727667093276978,
-0.07797257602214813,
-0.5183691382408142,
0.007894844748079777,
0.40767645835876465,
-0.7287920117378235,
-0.1913260668516159,
-0.19155217707157135,
0.28902867436408997,
-0.26485633850097656,
0.5670481324195862,
0.46351876854896545,
-1.0831952095031738,
-0.7397069931030273,
0.6884913444519043,
-0.559201180934906,
-0.3620389997959137,
-0.0975850448012352,
-0.04782833158969879,
1.0603718757629395,
-0.04833029955625534,
-0.26067212224006653,
1.3498780727386475,
-0.17160385847091675,
0.1703394204378128,
0.1939663589000702,
0.49515071511268616,
0.3518175184726715,
-0.1720111221075058,
1.1717815399169922,
0.0013529924908652902,
-0.8697071075439453,
-0.15114237368106842,
-0.003040819428861141,
-0.444480836391449,
-0.3752017617225647,
-0.12750349938869476,
0.4026135206222534,
0.36605194211006165,
0.08478908985853195,
0.21512481570243835,
0.18241983652114868,
-0.03883145749568939,
-0.5738265514373779,
0.3294713795185089,
-0.4487314820289612,
-0.600754976272583,
-0.34735891222953796,
-0.5224686861038208,
-0.11947493255138397,
-0.19969263672828674,
0.14993909001350403,
0.9373547434806824,
0.5267988443374634,
0.3004146218299866,
-0.22045505046844482,
-0.17477968335151672,
0.4713656008243561,
-0.5683027505874634,
-0.7152389883995056,
0.24595044553279877,
0.01368273701518774,
0.5614017844200134,
-0.493563711643219,
0.40191370248794556,
0.18649406731128693,
0.1550917625427246,
0.10142132639884949,
-0.406252384185791,
-0.4063282608985901,
0.6340197324752808,
-0.5327898263931274,
0.04927029088139534,
-0.26815420389175415,
-0.18689745664596558,
-0.17484426498413086,
0.43232354521751404,
0.14088265597820282,
0.3919949233531952,
-0.1963302493095398,
-0.5215412974357605,
-0.04418555647134781,
-0.03958279639482498,
-0.04948868602514267,
0.30863097310066223,
-0.6889709830284119,
0.46019652485847473,
0.4423334300518036,
0.4842873513698578,
0.044214971363544464,
0.19474168121814728,
0.2180335521697998,
-0.13879059255123138,
-0.5360530018806458,
-0.39845266938209534,
-0.49757394194602966,
0.7274314761161804,
0.06055183708667755,
-0.46231791377067566,
0.4424910247325897,
-0.30208253860473633,
-0.061868734657764435,
-0.8932558298110962,
-0.39411014318466187,
-0.2810688018798828,
-0.21781450510025024,
0.03187108412384987,
-1.0499742031097412,
0.03068719618022442,
0.7441110014915466,
0.22114598751068115,
0.3776332437992096,
-0.7784854173660278,
-0.0614435188472271,
-0.36347588896751404,
0.05861043184995651,
0.502824604511261,
0.11433267593383789,
-0.7571173906326294,
0.1648607701063156,
-0.6085590124130249,
-0.7052820920944214,
-0.551798403263092,
-0.9674032926559448,
0.07601212710142136,
-0.19761185348033905,
0.42079925537109375,
0.3294399380683899,
0.5757683515548706,
-0.5549941062927246,
0.4101521074771881,
-0.04713635891675949,
-0.818407416343689,
0.49719899892807007,
0.15020300447940826,
-0.21837382018566132,
-0.5299807190895081,
-0.028589433059096336,
-0.3928130269050598,
0.4255341589450836,
0.7232009172439575,
-0.23806844651699066,
0.06281010806560516,
-0.5425631999969482,
0.09230504930019379,
-0.003461668035015464,
0.0901784747838974,
0.43887826800346375,
-0.11326371878385544,
-0.10154173523187637,
-0.3061256408691406,
-0.010238084942102432,
-1.0688947439193726,
-0.24279670417308807,
0.046360865235328674,
-0.5527660846710205,
0.17852525413036346,
-0.23732897639274597,
-0.08960773050785065,
-0.003863754915073514,
0.5205636620521545,
-0.4907491207122803,
0.12500010430812836,
0.15341389179229736,
-0.11208789795637131,
-0.3651314675807953,
0.573987603187561,
-0.41103053092956543,
-0.14812234044075012,
-0.45728400349617004,
0.1783473789691925,
0.8517401218414307,
-0.5679857730865479,
0.5196563005447388,
-0.2641978859901428,
-0.9806621670722961,
0.2451048344373703,
0.40812137722969055,
-0.5501342415809631,
1.212760090827942,
-0.3581433594226837,
-0.41834551095962524,
0.5431693196296692,
0.41996484994888306,
-0.645922839641571,
-0.04025996848940849,
0.2806806266307831,
0.10939942300319672,
-0.4246772229671478,
0.33204972743988037,
-0.5763872861862183,
0.1158871054649353,
-0.2180996686220169,
-0.3673563301563263,
-0.4264880120754242,
0.4884142577648163,
0.42238035798072815,
-0.5752544403076172,
0.8727498054504395,
-0.6412694454193115,
-0.01705295220017433,
0.2935952842235565,
0.01842934638261795,
0.15442252159118652,
0.28429752588272095,
0.07192934304475784,
-0.06949838250875473,
-0.6969391703605652,
-0.04829202592372894,
-0.39660975337028503,
0.644756555557251,
0.5174174308776855,
0.25775420665740967,
-0.6503188014030457,
-0.3991939127445221,
-0.04130648076534271,
1.1653846502304077,
0.19976021349430084,
-0.8949516415596008,
0.3762110471725464,
1.0148732662200928,
-0.6859223246574402,
-1.008741855621338,
0.1876104176044464,
0.7798463702201843,
-0.12957262992858887,
-0.04340951517224312,
0.7297975420951843,
0.22203393280506134,
-0.2605169415473938,
0.49515753984451294,
-0.17691509425640106,
0.25626063346862793,
-0.21475544571876526,
0.43800878524780273,
-0.2861674726009369,
0.09633579850196838,
-0.31006479263305664,
0.48691797256469727,
-0.4350917637348175,
-0.4220121502876282,
0.22349555790424347,
0.11856746673583984,
0.6454498171806335,
-0.5689346194267273,
0.20029550790786743,
0.020407667383551598,
-1.0052274465560913,
0.06760968267917633,
0.4668240249156952,
-0.0538470521569252,
-0.5850753784179688,
-0.4317046105861664,
-0.10005975514650345,
0.09317465871572495,
-0.8136192560195923,
0.15907230973243713,
0.3469790816307068,
-0.7634153366088867,
-0.012152916751801968,
-0.37870070338249207,
0.37575846910476685,
0.20505394041538239,
-1.082533359527588,
-0.5056115984916687,
0.604218602180481,
-0.31456178426742554,
0.2872997522354126,
0.09615857899188995,
0.2602611184120178,
-1.3857102394104004,
0.8301844596862793,
-0.32179340720176697,
-0.4168294370174408,
0.9227285981178284,
-0.2963911294937134,
-0.6577966213226318,
-0.353876531124115,
0.6010616421699524,
0.06255649030208588,
-0.13938947021961212,
-0.3514973819255829,
0.6902249455451965,
0.6794326305389404,
-0.34150761365890503,
0.026577595621347427,
0.7638550996780396,
-0.45166775584220886,
-0.7488732933998108,
0.32605811953544617,
-0.3472362458705902,
0.5413479208946228,
0.6907172203063965,
0.8784204125404358,
0.3013991117477417,
1.1896275281906128,
-0.0012399906991049647,
0.373121440410614,
-0.7851107120513916,
-0.14677512645721436,
0.10209094732999802,
-0.5998401045799255,
-0.7682498097419739,
0.2868703305721283,
-0.3035466969013214,
-0.5122429728507996,
-0.16581539809703827,
-0.4013766348361969,
-0.678645133972168,
0.5124581456184387,
-0.17604143917560577,
0.001968485303223133,
0.6187270283699036,
0.16430792212486267,
0.03565946966409683,
-0.6377003192901611,
-0.2109123319387436,
0.1779661327600479,
0.4058496952056885,
-0.9749464392662048,
0.033303871750831604,
0.13186529278755188,
-0.21483108401298523,
-0.7209946513175964,
-0.7316762804985046,
-0.15163718163967133,
0.9203276038169861,
-0.08727006614208221,
-0.9340386390686035,
-0.5599804520606995,
0.16751037538051605,
-0.21629121899604797,
1.0327153205871582,
-0.173261821269989,
0.07135163247585297,
0.19340988993644714,
0.5518864989280701,
0.20926497876644135,
-0.604777991771698,
0.8216960430145264,
0.33728981018066406,
0.20675699412822723,
0.5197647213935852,
0.36366114020347595,
0.32201793789863586,
0.48080727458000183,
0.15412883460521698,
0.776712954044342,
-0.13063687086105347,
0.16684982180595398,
0.3017425835132599,
-0.1930791586637497,
-0.23308569192886353,
-0.4259509742259979,
0.2937690019607544,
-0.3423060476779938,
-0.40224990248680115,
-0.09178737550973892,
0.6359780430793762,
-0.3329175114631653,
0.11937276273965836,
0.23267054557800293,
-0.32563692331314087,
-0.0006738511146977544,
0.08965902775526047,
0.12814971804618835,
0.18024849891662598,
1.0997259616851807,
0.829616129398346,
0.6957356333732605,
0.7542957067489624,
0.07407817989587784,
-0.25980502367019653,
-0.22877687215805054,
-0.11711177974939346,
0.3856329619884491,
-0.7276420593261719,
0.6339583992958069,
-1.0219365358352661,
0.6970568299293518,
0.04126767814159393,
0.67937171459198,
-0.0937243103981018,
0.8129631876945496,
-0.15337660908699036,
0.08402439206838608,
0.7029422521591187,
-0.13933303952217102,
-0.5080017447471619,
-0.25186246633529663,
0.15168200433254242,
0.09797824919223785,
0.3765178620815277,
0.5239695310592651,
0.20568659901618958,
-0.45333239436149597,
0.19116295874118805,
-0.022393086925148964,
-0.7715426087379456,
0.3162250816822052,
0.19215308129787445,
-1.0579487085342407,
-0.028264092281460762,
0.05316329002380371,
-0.1918766349554062,
-0.011900484561920166,
-0.30466097593307495,
1.1721633672714233,
0.3533734083175659,
-0.7049034833908081,
-0.46697697043418884,
-0.5077422261238098,
-0.04011542350053787,
-0.08367756009101868,
-0.3133697211742401,
0.11298490315675735,
-0.6727133989334106,
-0.4844326972961426,
-0.33126169443130493,
0.7083949446678162,
-0.800947904586792,
-0.5519082546234131,
0.3303453326225281,
-0.1744358390569687,
0.07489591091871262,
0.07665770500898361,
-0.09753605723381042,
-0.6837199926376343,
0.529464066028595,
0.1929117739200592
]
|
128289 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waxhaw%2C%20North%20Carolina | Waxhaw, North Carolina | Waxhaw is a town in Union County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 9,859 according to the 2010 Census. The name is derived from the local people who lived in the area known as the Waxhaw people.
Geography
Waxhaw is located at (34.928201, -80.744835). Ronald P Pappas is the current mayor of the Town of Waxhaw.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of . Waxhaw's northernmost municipal boundary is located four and a half miles south of the Charlotte southernmost city limit. Waxhaw is part of Union County, North Carolina.
Waxhaw is located in the historic region called the Waxhaws and named after the indigenous Native American tribe that lived there prior to colonial settlement. Waxhaw is in the Piedmont region of North Carolina, which is a wooded area with rolling hills. This region is where gold was first discovered in the United States. The Howie Gold Mine is not far from the city limits. The Howie Gold mine operated until World War 2, when most mines were shut down due to the war effort. By 1935 50,000 ounces of gold was mined from this location.
History
The original inhabitants of the region were a Native American people group known alternately as either the Wysacky or the Waxhaws. The first European to record contacting the group was the Spanish conquistador Juan Pardo. In 1711 the Waxhaw aided the colonists of North Carolina in their war against the Tuscarora, a decision which antagonized the Tuscaroras Iroquoian allies in New York who subsequently began raiding the Waxhaw tribe. These raids continued until 1715 when the Waxhaw joined the Yamasee war effort against the colony of South Carolina. The tribes involvement in the Yamasee War led to their destruction at the hands of South Carolina's Catawba allies and the freeing of their land for European settlement. The area was first settled by European-Americans in the mid-eighteenth century. Most settlers were of German and Scots-Irish origin. Settlers became subsistence farmers and were known for being independent. Andrew Jackson, the seventh President of the United States, was born nearby in 1767. There is some disagreement as to which of the Carolinas was his birthplace because of the proximity of the border. However, there are historical marker signs around Waxhaw, NC describing Andrew Jackson's early connection to the area; as well this is referenced at the Museum of the Waxhaws. Andrew Jackson State Park is minutes from downtown Waxhaw, which has a memorial and other information about Andrew Jackson.
The arrival of the railroad in 1888 created access to the markets of Atlanta and helped the town reach prosperity. The railroad tracks were laid through the center of town to show the importance of the railroad system to the community. The railroad remains in the center of town and is now bordered by a green grassy strip that divides the rows of stores on each side.
Beginning in the late 19th century, the community began to develop cotton mill factories for manufacturing textiles. The railroad helped increase access for its products. Cotton manufacturing was important to the region through the 1940s. Postwar changes in the economy, with shifts of the textile industry to jobs in other areas and out of the country, required the community to adapt to new conditions.
Waxhaw Today
Waxhaw has evolved as an antique and fine dining center. Its Small Town Main Street committee is working on an integrated approach to developing and marketing the historic center of town. Waxhaw currently has dozens of specialty shops and dining restaurants. Restaurants located in town range from mom & pop restaurants to fine dining bistros. The Waxhaw Historic District is on the National Register of Historic Places. It includes retail businesses as well as architecturally significant houses near the center of town. Also listed is the Pleasant Grove Camp Meeting Ground.
Residents and town officials are working on additional improvement plans. In the downtown area, there is a town park and a skate park for youths. Near the skate park is a playground and walking area connected to downtown. New housing has been built along NC 75 to the east and west of town, as well as NC 16 (Providence Road) to the north.
Near Waxhaw is Cane Creek Park, a park, featuring scenic areas and recreation activities. The facility, on Harkey Road south of Waxhaw, was a cooperative venture between Union County, the Union Conservation District, and the Soil Conservation Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
Waxhaw is currently undergoing significant suburban development, and has grown by 6.4% in the last year alone. New developments including individual residential housing, apartments, townhouses, and commercial complexes.
Waxhaw's downtown area is built surrounding a train track, with parking. Guests can walk over a historic bridge to go over the train tracks, and there is a viewing area. It is also a few minutes walk to a Skateboard Park and Playground. Although the train doesn't follow a public schedule, viewers try to guess the times when the train will come for viewing. Sometimes a train employee will stand on the bridge.
Government
Waxhaw has a Board of Commissioners which consists of five members. All five members are elected to 4 year terms in non-partisan elections that take place on odd numbered years. Three seats are up one year and then two years later the other 2 seats come up for election at the same time as the mayor. There are no districts and the top vote recipients win the seats.
Demographics
2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 20,534 people, 4,773 households, and 4,051 families residing in the town.
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 9,859 people, 3,242 households, and 2,626 families residing in the town. For the population density, there were 854.0 people per square mile (329.95/km2) and 3,517 housing units. As for the racial makeup of the town, there were 78.1% White, 11.00% African American, 2.1% from two or more races, 2.0% Asian, and 0.04% Native American. The Hispanic or Latino of any race was 6.4% of the population.
There were 3,242 households, out of which 41.8% had children under the age of eighteen living with them, 81.0% were married couples living together, 10.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 19.0% were non-families. The average household size was 3.04 and the average family size was 3.41.
In the town, the population age range was from 34.6% under the age of 18, 3.1% from 20 to 24, 32.3% from 25 to 44, 21.2% from 45 to 64, and 7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34.5 years. For every 100 females there were 93.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.8 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $73,188. The per capita income for the town was $27,949. The percentage of people below the poverty line was 8.9%.
Local schools
Public elementary schools
Kensington Elementary School
Sandy Ridge Elementary School
Waxhaw Elementary School
Western Union Elementary School
New Town Elementary School
Rea View Elementary School
Marvin Elementary School
Prospect Elementary School
Public middle schools
Marvin Ridge Middle School
Parkwood Middle school
Cuthbertson Middle School
Public high schools
Marvin Ridge High School
South Providence High School
Parkwood High School
Cuthbertson High School
Central Academy of Technology and Arts (CATA)
Private schools
Arborbrook Christian Academy
Omni Montessori School
Metrolina Christian Academy
Charter schools
Union Day Charter School
Union Academy
Apprentice Academy of North Carolina
Library
The Waxhaw branch of the Union County Public Library system was founded in 1937 with the support of the Waxhaw Womens Club and the WPA. It is located at 509 S. Providence St.
Notable people
References
External links
Town website
Visitors' guide
Towns in Union County, North Carolina | [
-0.7654212117195129,
0.930987536907196,
0.2620052695274353,
-0.4250325560569763,
0.5269955396652222,
0.3325236141681671,
1.157450795173645,
0.6515727639198303,
-0.5793604254722595,
0.08104997873306274,
-0.12041904777288437,
0.009343038313090801,
-0.4552028477191925,
1.047441005706787,
-0.7302260994911194,
0.5752151012420654,
-0.18404029309749603,
0.9168494343757629,
0.6461280584335327,
-0.9083601236343384,
0.21448402106761932,
-0.4362308084964752,
0.47054317593574524,
0.27840250730514526,
0.33114123344421387,
0.17277196049690247,
0.2190949022769928,
0.012261922471225262,
-0.06496971845626831,
0.012279787100851536,
-0.7518640756607056,
0.41111743450164795,
-0.3641641438007355,
-0.13712063431739807,
0.18526916205883026,
-0.23746319115161896,
-0.1864415854215622,
0.24371199309825897,
0.38370227813720703,
-0.24905574321746826,
-0.6752361059188843,
0.024527348577976227,
0.12273052334785461,
-0.06280294805765152,
0.4994748830795288,
-0.6103230118751526,
-1.3299704790115356,
0.3524499535560608,
-0.5408284068107605,
-1.104945182800293,
-0.9370854496955872,
0.39941495656967163,
0.40411248803138733,
0.6257138252258301,
0.15808717906475067,
-0.14016377925872803,
-0.5890268683433533,
0.19773264229297638,
1.2017662525177002,
0.372689425945282,
-0.14610591530799866,
0.6022973656654358,
0.058763306587934494,
0.07701585441827774,
-0.03722493723034859,
-0.06157208979129791,
-0.13839025795459747,
0.8109532594680786,
-0.16509054601192474,
-0.1974032074213028,
-0.05068320035934448,
0.029924457892775536,
-0.05180589109659195,
0.06852788478136063,
0.07300026714801788,
0.6923804879188538,
-0.0027005865704268217,
0.03733805567026138,
0.022016309201717377,
0.07119930535554886,
0.12734097242355347,
-0.11449029296636581,
0.8551715612411499,
0.00732136657461524,
0.47698962688446045,
0.6180377006530762,
-0.8056091070175171,
0.4454376697540283,
0.055187299847602844,
0.4527275562286377,
-0.7807997465133667,
0.15468370914459229,
-0.30268555879592896,
-0.20512528717517853,
-0.24713866412639618,
0.042529892176389694,
-0.2669332027435303,
0.35040226578712463,
-0.4435843825340271,
0.7248455882072449,
-0.08211194723844528,
0.11042839288711548,
1.3744559288024902,
-0.12302350252866745,
-0.05051516368985176,
-0.22311045229434967,
-0.7718504667282104,
-0.09547945111989975,
0.5414080619812012,
-0.4090399146080017,
-0.4053909182548523,
0.20916056632995605,
0.009897676296532154,
-0.5288262963294983,
-0.060516323894262314,
0.8040763139724731,
0.11971821635961533,
-0.7864707708358765,
-0.023300576955080032,
0.12877129018306732,
-0.32978636026382446,
0.5762272477149963,
-0.5851173400878906,
0.24269548058509827,
-0.07606564462184906,
0.6483163833618164,
0.5319188237190247,
0.11591359972953796,
-0.33177417516708374,
0.8239248394966125,
-0.4801737368106842,
0.8502320051193237,
0.265074223279953,
0.5041455030441284,
-0.3581945300102234,
-0.2511243224143982,
-0.026696814224123955,
-0.013806702569127083,
0.4893316924571991,
0.38813266158103943,
-0.5488126277923584,
0.009561912156641483,
-0.8328678607940674,
-0.16597914695739746,
-0.18151937425136566,
-0.0031860375311225653,
-0.3682563006877899,
-0.3872036933898926,
0.1579790562391281,
0.4368591010570526,
0.08459080755710602,
0.2447708547115326,
0.32507655024528503,
0.08992885798215866,
-0.08959676325321198,
-0.012555684894323349,
0.14619429409503937,
-0.05553533509373665,
0.26172396540641785,
0.2417464405298233,
-0.4193686544895172,
0.784321129322052,
0.49150723218917847,
0.43798917531967163,
0.09381179511547089,
0.0720127522945404,
1.023599624633789,
-0.7820565104484558,
0.1023961678147316,
0.3283102810382843,
-0.40378451347351074,
0.7216822504997253,
0.5920146703720093,
-0.3742660582065582,
0.6163280606269836,
-0.31999173760414124,
1.1262571811676025,
-0.08143434673547745,
0.048149410635232925,
-0.2667265236377716,
-0.8655723333358765,
0.5458174347877502,
0.40851566195487976,
0.430382639169693,
-0.17663876712322235,
0.308646559715271,
0.5776790976524353,
-0.3007200062274933,
-0.6188247203826904,
-0.5100312232971191,
-0.046896371990442276,
-0.6000646948814392,
0.8800429105758667,
0.277293860912323,
1.0892184972763062,
0.4325284957885742,
-0.1414317637681961,
0.4366213083267212,
-0.6662455201148987,
0.3839086890220642,
0.42370885610580444,
-0.2952396273612976,
0.4604218006134033,
-0.4731210470199585,
-0.10478565841913223,
0.694200336933136,
0.1527208685874939,
-0.29820409417152405,
0.25073251128196716,
0.08819948881864548,
-0.21311284601688385,
-1.4674791097640991,
-0.4560471177101135,
0.34506332874298096,
-0.8426442742347717,
-0.7642479538917542,
-0.10382471978664398,
0.11950187385082245,
0.3836926817893982,
-0.6395378112792969,
0.5325711369514465,
-0.2053595632314682,
0.023422319442033768,
-0.43238332867622375,
-0.06966190785169601,
0.9265766739845276,
-0.13747377693653107,
0.179613396525383,
-0.6741101741790771,
-0.3446250855922699,
0.21303790807724,
0.3046414256095886,
0.03634648397564888,
-0.6612938046455383,
-0.2177499532699585,
-0.19200897216796875,
-0.14778609573841095,
-0.8014270067214966,
-0.01019548624753952,
-0.7356414198875427,
-0.178472101688385,
0.7067565321922302,
-0.8282751441001892,
0.016257042065262794,
0.3107583522796631,
0.003096851520240307,
-0.16729609668254852,
-0.05920490249991417,
-0.033137887716293335,
-0.46280208230018616,
-0.5124995708465576,
0.25892874598503113,
0.24377846717834473,
0.12635059654712677,
-0.13327597081661224,
-0.06641514599323273,
-0.30090299248695374,
0.5029667615890503,
0.29990410804748535,
0.12185017019510269,
0.05816768482327461,
0.3558521270751953,
-0.5129702091217041,
-0.00024478306295350194,
0.10438404977321625,
-0.5454521179199219,
-0.48450717329978943,
-0.428666353225708,
0.0911097303032875,
0.43535709381103516,
0.3560793697834015,
-0.7969387769699097,
0.23711900413036346,
-0.2717263698577881,
0.4815812408924103,
0.2802775502204895,
-0.2382095605134964,
-0.41345229744911194,
-0.9251480102539062,
0.16828089952468872,
0.2768242359161377,
1.1223194599151611,
-0.430210679769516,
-0.11868737637996674,
0.33312687277793884,
-0.7675219178199768,
1.1001487970352173,
-0.08785295486450195,
-0.5045542120933533,
-0.1799686998128891,
-0.10654640197753906,
0.2147834599018097,
-0.21646279096603394,
0.7747732400894165,
-0.27454254031181335,
0.5133305788040161,
-0.08442948758602142,
-0.205014169216156,
0.18239012360572815,
-0.26298725605010986,
-0.8569467067718506,
0.36677926778793335,
-0.6001123785972595,
0.148807555437088,
0.15176895260810852,
-0.4433562457561493,
0.08918571472167969,
-0.3799142837524414,
-4.549861431121826,
0.3393801152706146,
-0.4512501657009125,
-0.32739830017089844,
0.49048808217048645,
-0.3382914066314697,
0.37579676508903503,
-0.3138943910598755,
-0.3868286907672882,
0.8983944058418274,
0.18570969998836517,
-0.04241345077753067,
-0.18592192232608795,
0.4899504482746124,
0.7087348699569702,
0.5453760623931885,
0.6612229347229004,
-0.554757833480835,
0.6513574123382568,
0.09071198105812073,
-0.6490578055381775,
0.049637436866760254,
-0.04838385432958603,
-0.33531424403190613,
0.6277390718460083,
0.8339799046516418,
-0.15899363160133362,
-0.26484042406082153,
-0.7225122451782227,
0.14775580167770386,
-0.10687833279371262,
-0.11901978403329849,
-0.6189280152320862,
-0.05102122947573662,
-0.2699924409389496,
-0.7037062048912048,
0.08860083669424057,
-0.15458889305591583,
0.26422810554504395,
-0.5476953387260437,
0.24991367757320404,
0.46213218569755554,
-0.7913044095039368,
-0.37766608595848083,
1.3398596048355103,
-0.3389575779438019,
-0.4235093593597412,
-0.2621866464614868,
-0.22742386162281036,
0.7429863810539246,
-0.1706797331571579,
-0.4304184019565582,
0.8895325064659119,
-0.3730739653110504,
0.2303888201713562,
-0.014383642934262753,
0.5276831388473511,
-0.08654876053333282,
-0.3475668132305145,
0.7186954021453857,
0.11449306458234787,
-1.045504093170166,
-0.19743157923221588,
0.09932377189397812,
-0.05141256004571915,
-0.5456413626670837,
0.19133462011814117,
0.13838593661785126,
0.019498422741889954,
-0.10994884371757507,
0.38718917965888977,
0.3870260715484619,
-0.12175141274929047,
-0.41625654697418213,
0.2513362169265747,
-0.852740466594696,
-0.3590252697467804,
0.05166849493980408,
-0.8738403916358948,
0.04964553192257881,
0.2676374316215515,
0.41154587268829346,
0.5264555811882019,
0.847501814365387,
0.18150436878204346,
0.05429835245013237,
-0.20572909712791443,
0.3306463062763214,
-0.45983898639678955,
-0.4504680633544922,
0.5927140712738037,
-0.06105094403028488,
0.3951337933540344,
-0.2068895548582077,
0.12818360328674316,
0.11826229840517044,
0.12290669232606888,
-0.07283913344144821,
-0.49826836585998535,
-0.5969622731208801,
0.29513493180274963,
-0.7295061945915222,
0.031346410512924194,
-0.3322761654853821,
-0.1992877572774887,
-0.13268788158893585,
0.20446832478046417,
0.43672341108322144,
0.7832797169685364,
-0.07853083312511444,
-0.8256550431251526,
0.06957068294286728,
-0.14632432162761688,
-0.09039970487356186,
0.11787249892950058,
-0.5743021368980408,
0.3947073221206665,
0.8029490113258362,
0.30377233028411865,
0.36036115884780884,
0.02035716362297535,
0.13718974590301514,
0.15399205684661865,
-0.5007372498512268,
-0.7589455842971802,
-0.7463540434837341,
0.8913035988807678,
0.34276920557022095,
-0.768852949142456,
0.503537118434906,
-0.2842313349246979,
0.11557866632938385,
-0.5841716527938843,
-0.08292915672063828,
-0.38352644443511963,
-0.157478466629982,
-0.4644354581832886,
-1.3418006896972656,
0.15036003291606903,
0.5781879425048828,
0.6470329761505127,
0.23234346508979797,
-0.5558256506919861,
0.12337930500507355,
0.011153867468237877,
0.15330161154270172,
0.5932203531265259,
0.03226890787482262,
-1.1623458862304688,
0.4913202226161957,
-0.6278672814369202,
-0.6930360794067383,
-0.727571427822113,
-0.7737957239151001,
0.44500014185905457,
-0.1458897739648819,
0.7388418912887573,
0.3679509460926056,
0.6451504230499268,
-0.14961302280426025,
0.10070574283599854,
0.38145703077316284,
-0.8781457543373108,
0.6243647336959839,
0.04933663085103035,
-0.48606643080711365,
-0.5090300440788269,
0.0633978322148323,
-0.4906265139579773,
0.24263443052768707,
0.720672607421875,
-0.7194064855575562,
-0.09169901907444,
-0.6702194213867188,
0.2638048231601715,
0.00012822390999644995,
0.08089903742074966,
0.5244020223617554,
-0.1493578553199768,
-0.2446432113647461,
-0.045653387904167175,
-0.2441638857126236,
-1.0072811841964722,
-0.7001677751541138,
-0.024046998471021652,
-0.017808904871344566,
-0.12362397462129593,
-0.2669011056423187,
0.1942111849784851,
0.06888920068740845,
-0.12803541123867035,
-0.8507116436958313,
0.15711718797683716,
0.21812565624713898,
-0.11372978985309601,
-0.6886634826660156,
0.8095763325691223,
-0.35266852378845215,
-0.1991414576768875,
-0.5428279042243958,
0.464493989944458,
0.656721293926239,
-0.15147043764591217,
0.8104348182678223,
-0.03676057606935501,
-1.1111873388290405,
0.33409956097602844,
0.8014625310897827,
-0.8435735702514648,
1.2063342332839966,
-0.08895295113325119,
-0.7515967488288879,
0.4934864640235901,
0.5752750039100647,
-0.28391286730766296,
-0.01926230825483799,
0.6571541428565979,
-0.005703444126993418,
-0.4660005569458008,
0.06947082281112671,
-0.2660979926586151,
0.2002831995487213,
-0.3308771252632141,
-0.49343201518058777,
-0.6813524961471558,
0.3494316041469574,
0.22543859481811523,
-0.07050146907567978,
1.2934832572937012,
-1.022896647453308,
-0.28859037160873413,
0.14364466071128845,
0.3139667212963104,
0.37654608488082886,
0.018829159438610077,
-0.11915245652198792,
-0.5125130414962769,
-0.4915473163127899,
0.20870618522167206,
-0.4073905944824219,
0.5407424569129944,
0.693742573261261,
0.7538618445396423,
-0.4302501082420349,
-0.38659563660621643,
-0.3177343010902405,
0.759566605091095,
0.2726012170314789,
-0.9231462478637695,
0.9117020964622498,
0.852512776851654,
-0.5878483057022095,
-1.32643461227417,
0.08866085857152939,
1.2831248044967651,
0.5123934745788574,
0.2157311886548996,
0.6060627102851868,
-0.12768949568271637,
-0.43928807973861694,
0.11946868896484375,
-0.16016830503940582,
0.26341941952705383,
-0.42138925194740295,
0.29042720794677734,
-0.3342181444168091,
0.007605386432260275,
0.0823340192437172,
0.6634690761566162,
-0.42903244495391846,
-0.28468087315559387,
0.14464356005191803,
0.21633213758468628,
0.3436282277107239,
-0.954962432384491,
0.5302490592002869,
-0.0405610091984272,
-0.803655743598938,
0.13640929758548737,
0.5000166893005371,
-0.23413126170635223,
-0.35302987694740295,
-0.4776558578014374,
-0.049435608088970184,
0.21604573726654053,
-0.6895169615745544,
0.34520187973976135,
0.24312551319599152,
-0.17746274173259735,
0.2200298011302948,
-0.7079485654830933,
0.47062304615974426,
-0.04688424617052078,
-0.20795568823814392,
-0.2794760763645172,
0.4700233042240143,
-0.3087023198604584,
0.6282951831817627,
0.14627224206924438,
0.42757102847099304,
-1.4364888668060303,
0.993130087852478,
-0.27104127407073975,
-0.5998553037643433,
0.451602041721344,
-0.1961331069469452,
-0.8237714171409607,
-0.3854731619358063,
0.5373108386993408,
0.20843440294265747,
-0.2931619882583618,
-0.1091216579079628,
0.5266126394271851,
0.7328826785087585,
-0.268278568983078,
0.17594251036643982,
0.5396881103515625,
-0.5896524786949158,
-0.8917549252510071,
0.284262090921402,
-0.33168888092041016,
0.11272777616977692,
0.9833686947822571,
0.7571214437484741,
0.3403598666191101,
1.2218117713928223,
-0.31877586245536804,
0.3175859749317169,
-0.4954526126384735,
0.05093628913164139,
0.0037725751753896475,
-1.1606074571609497,
-0.818393886089325,
-0.00009362011041957885,
-0.11068006604909897,
-0.24867179989814758,
0.021606286987662315,
-0.23246464133262634,
-0.7838089466094971,
0.32877224683761597,
-0.012304666452109814,
0.10333229601383209,
0.014475880190730095,
-0.26754841208457947,
-0.10700011253356934,
-0.5363697409629822,
-0.16671358048915863,
0.25334030389785767,
0.6682549118995667,
-0.9208177328109741,
-0.1355331391096115,
0.40643933415412903,
-0.6169070601463318,
-0.7011142373085022,
-0.09861770272254944,
-0.08673636615276337,
0.7802245020866394,
0.1283746063709259,
-1.288044810295105,
-0.40152862668037415,
-0.16332678496837616,
-0.4369836151599884,
1.1604968309402466,
0.08669343590736389,
0.07705248892307281,
0.13373807072639465,
0.7002307176589966,
0.14568427205085754,
-0.38698774576187134,
0.9504724740982056,
0.28339311480522156,
0.31960824131965637,
0.31439438462257385,
0.2625862658023834,
0.4860416650772095,
0.29267826676368713,
-0.13024598360061646,
0.573168933391571,
-0.1447138488292694,
0.07395639270544052,
-0.013172810897231102,
-0.1628047674894333,
-0.2267741709947586,
-0.6273660063743591,
0.13415659964084625,
0.12960503995418549,
-0.16072024405002594,
-0.02264798805117607,
0.26952165365219116,
-0.5843443870544434,
0.014529970474541187,
0.1477348953485489,
-0.03046221286058426,
0.15383143723011017,
0.02093079686164856,
-0.017506202682852745,
0.13907496631145477,
0.8153131604194641,
0.35425496101379395,
0.619750440120697,
0.4902321398258209,
0.08134272694587708,
-0.2654385566711426,
-0.2280030995607376,
0.0048279473558068275,
0.3071644604206085,
-0.9326207637786865,
0.7575175762176514,
-0.9911705255508423,
0.40742701292037964,
0.11654874682426453,
0.521052896976471,
-0.2999383807182312,
0.4516817629337311,
-0.4163984954357147,
0.2999294102191925,
0.5910266041755676,
-0.27631309628486633,
-0.5982934236526489,
-0.22372305393218994,
-0.05860711261630058,
0.007509283255785704,
0.37934884428977966,
0.5591200590133667,
0.5079700946807861,
-0.23655590415000916,
0.3892684578895569,
-0.6068040728569031,
-0.6564272046089172,
-0.3176892101764679,
-0.03754959627985954,
-1.0092328786849976,
0.2562409043312073,
0.004413850139826536,
-0.10320636630058289,
-0.09108483046293259,
-0.19230549037456512,
1.3269652128219604,
0.692253053188324,
-0.8184333443641663,
-0.16064739227294922,
-0.3297339081764221,
0.18694642186164856,
0.11916714906692505,
-0.28661060333251953,
0.20209158957004547,
-1.0323143005371094,
-0.9106674790382385,
-0.33785760402679443,
0.5773221850395203,
-0.605537474155426,
-0.981121301651001,
0.4504716396331787,
-0.437013179063797,
0.37576058506965637,
0.14411772787570953,
-0.34893599152565,
-0.7734389901161194,
0.24006617069244385,
-0.21457570791244507
]
|
128290 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wesley%20Chapel%2C%20North%20Carolina | Wesley Chapel, North Carolina | Wesley Chapel is a village in Union County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 7,463 at the 2010 census.
Geography
Wesley Chapel is located at (35.010027, -80.679163).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of , all of it land.
Demographics
2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 8,681 people, 2,620 households, and 2,343 families residing in the village.
2000 census
At the 2000 census there were 2,549 people, 867 households, and 762 families in the village. The population density was 302.8 people per square mile (116.9/km). There were 912 housing units at an average density of 108.3 per square mile (41.8/km). The racial makeup of the village was 97.02% White, 1.41% African American, 0.12% Native American, 0.31% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 0.35% from other races, and 0.75% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.88%.
Of the 867 households 43.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 79.4% were married couples living together, 5.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 12.0% were non-families. 9.3% of households were one person and 2.5% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.94 and the average family size was 3.14.
The age distribution was 29.1% under the age of 18, 6.2% from 18 to 24, 32.1% from 25 to 44, 25.9% from 45 to 64, and 6.7% 65 or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 104.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.7 males.
The median household income was $74,188 and the median family income was $73,000. Males had a median income of $41,620 versus $30,739 for females. The per capita income for the village was $30,143. About 4.1% of families and 3.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.4% of those under age 18 and 10.4% of those age 65 or over.
References
External links
Official website of Wesley Chapel, NC
Villages in Union County, North Carolina
Villages in North Carolina | [
-0.34558388590812683,
0.2946367859840393,
0.07127847522497177,
-0.17401331663131714,
0.617937445640564,
0.3774716854095459,
1.0302276611328125,
0.29108577966690063,
-0.9070690274238586,
-0.3086608350276947,
-0.2044478803873062,
0.04659572243690491,
-0.5893756747245789,
0.927733838558197,
-1.3438575267791748,
1.0964300632476807,
0.37839677929878235,
0.42354583740234375,
0.16489343345165253,
-1.0541410446166992,
-0.23723742365837097,
-0.6256735920906067,
0.3267225921154022,
0.3969566822052002,
0.10700006783008575,
0.31161442399024963,
0.3737536072731018,
-0.2563764452934265,
0.2775839865207672,
0.14888766407966614,
-0.3500062823295593,
0.46969524025917053,
-0.20681072771549225,
0.02323068305850029,
-0.01406641025096178,
-0.35555532574653625,
0.034828633069992065,
0.19846756756305695,
0.6578803062438965,
-0.2691660225391388,
-0.36755356192588806,
-0.22376221418380737,
-0.19687595963478088,
0.5460705757141113,
0.4002547264099121,
-0.2619708180427551,
-1.3130837678909302,
0.10142233967781067,
-1.0088633298873901,
-0.8252009749412537,
-0.7716349363327026,
0.2413581758737564,
-0.5048049688339233,
0.6122384667396545,
0.24838954210281372,
-0.01500080619007349,
-0.08791064471006393,
0.20865806937217712,
1.199282169342041,
0.0698184072971344,
-0.512981116771698,
0.6859995126724243,
0.7257104516029358,
0.17316657304763794,
-0.091153584420681,
0.025371313095092773,
-0.23622344434261322,
0.6175606846809387,
-0.07439585030078888,
-0.7639654874801636,
0.02064153365790844,
0.07038383930921555,
-0.08760229498147964,
-0.05218382924795151,
0.4545447826385498,
0.4078386723995209,
-0.43858644366264343,
-0.02877594344317913,
0.2898879051208496,
0.06928525120019913,
0.0846179649233818,
0.011973774060606956,
0.30331265926361084,
0.3070804178714752,
0.29480186104774475,
0.6608237028121948,
-0.6248255372047424,
0.15073198080062866,
0.16243603825569153,
0.2756814956665039,
-0.33667105436325073,
-0.0390109121799469,
-0.6760121583938599,
0.4353311061859131,
-0.4237385392189026,
0.340379536151886,
-0.03312446177005768,
-0.11096310615539551,
-0.1429392546415329,
0.8227542042732239,
-0.4338758587837219,
0.5902791023254395,
0.948959469795227,
-0.6027315855026245,
-0.3603271543979645,
0.04705813527107239,
-0.8701626062393188,
-0.050021447241306305,
-0.0060453410260379314,
-0.29773709177970886,
-0.8908746838569641,
0.3769170641899109,
-0.2444055825471878,
-0.5300115942955017,
-0.20580065250396729,
0.6146436929702759,
0.30908963084220886,
-0.8487808108329773,
-0.35696613788604736,
0.11365152150392532,
-0.2224210798740387,
1.0062615871429443,
-0.2050757259130478,
0.31047603487968445,
0.015176086686551571,
0.42731016874313354,
0.5091995000839233,
0.5379706025123596,
-0.11858580261468887,
0.4996339976787567,
0.1282341629266739,
0.30449602007865906,
0.6236611008644104,
0.28402987122535706,
0.09279485046863556,
-0.03266199305653572,
0.1449621319770813,
0.10505104809999466,
0.32467329502105713,
0.5001949071884155,
-0.9523606300354004,
-0.27703985571861267,
0.10756886005401611,
-0.48341357707977295,
-0.18905557692050934,
-0.21651916205883026,
-0.42597195506095886,
-0.5574790239334106,
0.1419297754764557,
0.2768475413322449,
0.48846739530563354,
0.5391966700553894,
0.6075342893600464,
0.35432302951812744,
-0.6327595710754395,
0.002639076439663768,
0.4350252151489258,
0.24007973074913025,
0.15909460186958313,
0.2956385016441345,
-0.3285040259361267,
0.5972364544868469,
0.47337713837623596,
0.313204288482666,
0.6485796570777893,
0.49847573041915894,
0.6607484817504883,
-0.6534501910209656,
-0.1560458242893219,
-0.07818349450826645,
-0.6687240600585938,
0.12336519360542297,
0.41233184933662415,
-0.18512782454490662,
0.08866532146930695,
-0.5739070177078247,
0.7737507224082947,
0.2306250035762787,
-0.10486356168985367,
-0.3696865141391754,
-0.9686830639839172,
0.18461273610591888,
0.7463339567184448,
-0.11063898354768753,
-0.3631819188594818,
0.3879529535770416,
0.15821927785873413,
-0.15790031850337982,
-0.6915987133979797,
-0.487793505191803,
-0.2290956676006317,
-0.42546311020851135,
0.43282604217529297,
0.030557692050933838,
1.1392295360565186,
0.18307502567768097,
-0.3719792366027832,
0.6023135781288147,
-0.5882101058959961,
-0.2228618860244751,
0.534280002117157,
-0.6641174554824829,
0.23313403129577637,
-0.295785129070282,
-0.39804959297180176,
0.16434665024280548,
0.23744386434555054,
-0.10543636977672577,
0.4214746952056885,
-0.03379982337355614,
0.2334192395210266,
-1.007334589958191,
-0.2460426539182663,
1.0555952787399292,
-0.4294089078903198,
-0.5787574052810669,
-0.4223337173461914,
0.22646597027778625,
0.659723699092865,
-0.6394189596176147,
0.8876647353172302,
-0.04009871929883957,
0.2534237802028656,
-0.4405718743801117,
-0.21935398876667023,
0.8982043266296387,
0.25772225856781006,
0.625953197479248,
-0.3349270224571228,
0.18805360794067383,
0.07478641718626022,
0.3633965849876404,
0.17973162233829498,
-0.8612813949584961,
0.3722565770149231,
-0.41786524653434753,
-0.36257660388946533,
-0.8335214853286743,
0.3757305443286896,
-0.8468142151832581,
-0.2921333611011505,
0.33213359117507935,
-0.8050757646560669,
-0.009344921447336674,
0.15796343982219696,
0.12215723097324371,
-0.5278179049491882,
-0.3995659053325653,
-0.07281168550252914,
-0.7082692980766296,
0.013587892055511475,
0.20282335579395294,
0.4085426926612854,
0.25583693385124207,
0.10723239928483963,
0.3038266599178314,
-0.1776159554719925,
0.5480604767799377,
-0.17993085086345673,
0.47894999384880066,
-0.24083523452281952,
0.04803379997611046,
-0.46108776330947876,
-0.028398185968399048,
0.08820893615484238,
-0.8289369940757751,
-0.6807499527931213,
-0.25783663988113403,
0.01709190011024475,
0.5115446448326111,
0.4065774083137512,
-0.9158222675323486,
0.08817335218191147,
0.5538920164108276,
0.35227683186531067,
0.3503528833389282,
0.25771740078926086,
-0.5443999171257019,
-0.8836142420768738,
0.23148411512374878,
-0.30897724628448486,
0.655125617980957,
0.06741294264793396,
-0.2606242895126343,
0.4536704123020172,
-0.6996639370918274,
1.0989242792129517,
-0.40806737542152405,
-0.482257217168808,
-0.05673614516854286,
0.0021387552842497826,
0.9350167512893677,
0.14623400568962097,
1.075615644454956,
0.20321239531040192,
0.23415923118591309,
0.4701557755470276,
-0.3162734806537628,
0.06854177266359329,
-0.09254099428653717,
-0.790077269077301,
0.23395763337612152,
-0.569409966468811,
0.3683318495750427,
0.2879032492637634,
-0.6239585280418396,
0.3776589632034302,
-0.34280452132225037,
-4.814204216003418,
0.5224640965461731,
-0.15982891619205475,
-0.5815075635910034,
0.4593679904937744,
0.024563206359744072,
0.5205031633377075,
-0.34112727642059326,
-0.1882399469614029,
0.6453383564949036,
0.02503628470003605,
-0.3946341574192047,
0.028590422123670578,
0.2949250638484955,
0.7316609621047974,
0.44419464468955994,
0.5550650954246521,
-0.16281738877296448,
0.8663889169692993,
-0.1974574625492096,
-0.4178416430950165,
0.04217655211687088,
0.1403815597295761,
-0.2187744379043579,
0.45750054717063904,
0.43997424840927124,
0.06174572557210922,
-0.4405945837497711,
-0.210463285446167,
0.16064372658729553,
0.30434083938598633,
-0.009145192801952362,
-0.32278716564178467,
-0.2916416823863983,
-0.1015394777059555,
-0.5831165909767151,
0.14370931684970856,
0.07290642708539963,
0.042839210480451584,
-0.29776906967163086,
0.5490820407867432,
0.4909890592098236,
-0.8178504705429077,
-0.8983923196792603,
0.5458989143371582,
-0.4966948330402374,
-0.3804071247577667,
0.056145526468753815,
0.0972432941198349,
1.0206917524337769,
-0.06137701869010925,
-0.26745298504829407,
1.1775840520858765,
-0.32421544194221497,
0.22962819039821625,
0.033121295273303986,
0.6793528199195862,
0.2936701476573944,
-0.2770715355873108,
0.9131236672401428,
0.3565874397754669,
-0.9115108847618103,
-0.2914493978023529,
-0.029573921114206314,
0.054762449115514755,
-0.29403993487358093,
-0.08439046144485474,
0.18240654468536377,
0.45446911454200745,
-0.1318943351507187,
0.21948733925819397,
0.274543821811676,
0.0317067950963974,
-0.8874534368515015,
0.3230048716068268,
-0.7013512849807739,
-0.8480427265167236,
-0.32839134335517883,
-0.7938422560691833,
0.1392728090286255,
0.13531620800495148,
0.07194545120000839,
0.49665364623069763,
0.6927888989448547,
0.6455166935920715,
-0.12268991768360138,
-0.5626874566078186,
0.0019467453239485621,
-0.2094905972480774,
-0.6971250772476196,
0.24644719064235687,
-0.5034195184707642,
0.27824434638023376,
-0.15196533501148224,
0.15869571268558502,
0.4774131178855896,
0.5606082677841187,
0.4394591748714447,
-0.26937052607536316,
-0.4823691248893738,
0.3597733974456787,
-0.31958186626434326,
0.20489506423473358,
-0.01636050082743168,
-0.13933004438877106,
0.07870568335056305,
-0.1560942828655243,
0.2031419724225998,
0.5221628546714783,
-0.2505238652229309,
-0.28759703040122986,
-0.06859885156154633,
-0.14555008709430695,
-0.057781901210546494,
-0.036894313991069794,
-0.6768486499786377,
0.34112992882728577,
0.4309440553188324,
0.3886253833770752,
-0.07484855502843857,
0.195095032453537,
-0.07045350223779678,
0.004382073879241943,
-0.48368048667907715,
-0.6069660186767578,
-0.11302056163549423,
0.7164571285247803,
-0.02552250772714615,
-0.9050217866897583,
0.28895142674446106,
-0.16502873599529266,
0.3092302680015564,
-0.5122967958450317,
-0.16536414623260498,
-0.29010874032974243,
-0.01529049314558506,
-0.16659899055957794,
-1.206697702407837,
0.10379833728075027,
0.6318108439445496,
0.5338175296783447,
0.00774040725082159,
-0.8914238214492798,
0.19448193907737732,
0.3958798050880432,
0.16591796278953552,
0.36371827125549316,
0.42194637656211853,
-1.0428118705749512,
-0.04481669142842293,
-0.6241105794906616,
-0.2957470118999481,
-0.2883850038051605,
-0.8310773968696594,
0.16148991882801056,
-0.07366470247507095,
0.2746600806713104,
0.11337056756019592,
-0.023810481652617455,
-0.3146163821220398,
0.007463612128049135,
0.31230780482292175,
-0.9210327863693237,
0.13706617057323456,
-0.1784830540418625,
-0.20248179137706757,
-0.5009973049163818,
0.3660466969013214,
-0.5546959638595581,
-0.018038125708699226,
0.7989632487297058,
-0.47850075364112854,
-0.23342853784561157,
-0.5089545845985413,
0.2624461352825165,
0.4493245780467987,
0.029593469575047493,
0.3398600220680237,
0.033962637186050415,
0.23714052140712738,
-0.2038067877292633,
0.22459076344966888,
-0.7295947670936584,
-0.22738435864448547,
0.48450466990470886,
-0.47944456338882446,
-0.2074037343263626,
-0.17511627078056335,
0.0865960642695427,
-0.03023647703230381,
0.24791167676448822,
-0.5409875512123108,
0.2589378356933594,
0.2134775072336197,
-0.07926668971776962,
-0.7219603061676025,
0.5419824719429016,
-0.503132164478302,
0.40175914764404297,
-0.6479988694190979,
0.07339907437562943,
0.6520217061042786,
-0.579464316368103,
0.8844653367996216,
-0.09708967804908752,
-1.1161333322525024,
0.7619796991348267,
0.13725771009922028,
-0.908190906047821,
1.0278327465057373,
-0.14092671871185303,
-0.7669360041618347,
0.45860975980758667,
0.44331279397010803,
-0.3423142433166504,
-0.4305597245693207,
0.13800732791423798,
-0.026204913854599,
-0.5747013092041016,
0.13649854063987732,
-0.4517342150211334,
-0.04055251553654671,
-0.3331668972969055,
-0.451124906539917,
-0.6217010021209717,
0.15716107189655304,
0.2517400085926056,
-0.5236541032791138,
0.5826647877693176,
-0.6539266705513,
-0.10563470423221588,
0.08284985274076462,
0.10356036573648453,
0.33703187108039856,
-0.2357739508152008,
-0.2657090723514557,
-0.13726675510406494,
-0.4276775121688843,
0.49001896381378174,
-0.29411453008651733,
0.4308945834636688,
0.8881744146347046,
0.19264203310012817,
-0.4713325500488281,
-0.09361546486616135,
-0.4606862962245941,
0.817985475063324,
0.019339006394147873,
-0.8153406381607056,
0.4903673827648163,
0.457986056804657,
-0.3698844909667969,
-0.7211281657218933,
-0.2623111307621002,
0.8393884897232056,
0.11960012465715408,
-0.11371586471796036,
0.5978469252586365,
0.09185881167650223,
-0.16727469861507416,
0.24294570088386536,
-0.1466037482023239,
-0.25919511914253235,
-0.07194865494966507,
0.4626077115535736,
-0.6429793238639832,
0.31374090909957886,
-0.4606025218963623,
0.4757552444934845,
-0.47764885425567627,
-0.670246422290802,
-0.18937015533447266,
-0.051354046911001205,
0.46231168508529663,
-0.6614452600479126,
0.25071847438812256,
-0.2428307682275772,
-0.9242139458656311,
0.2747649550437927,
0.426478773355484,
-0.7011722922325134,
-0.723968505859375,
-0.441017210483551,
-0.050237108021974564,
-0.12010391056537628,
-0.9787071943283081,
0.07934296131134033,
0.17610585689544678,
-0.5024538636207581,
-0.009070907719433308,
-0.562177836894989,
0.21356771886348724,
0.3300982415676117,
-0.6786962151527405,
0.030138105154037476,
0.6061708331108093,
-0.08930212259292603,
0.17917309701442719,
-0.16468863189220428,
0.1059051975607872,
-1.2912673950195312,
0.7368868589401245,
-0.3651221990585327,
-0.5884878039360046,
0.8550592660903931,
-0.4269123673439026,
-0.6065450310707092,
-0.4164946973323822,
0.4535975456237793,
0.18169644474983215,
-0.16683924198150635,
0.03169262781739235,
0.8053490519523621,
0.8911339640617371,
-0.10113804042339325,
-0.355413556098938,
0.7218450307846069,
-0.44077035784721375,
-0.6429103016853333,
0.5875592827796936,
-0.16945455968379974,
0.7781425714492798,
1.0966283082962036,
0.8280957937240601,
-0.06068001687526703,
1.0093083381652832,
0.13494014739990234,
0.36126649379730225,
-0.49830180406570435,
0.06773162633180618,
0.17466075718402863,
-1.017062783241272,
-0.5068055987358093,
0.5109507441520691,
-0.05344007536768913,
-0.168100506067276,
-0.3186725378036499,
-0.06975746899843216,
-1.2826857566833496,
0.5994988083839417,
-0.577867865562439,
0.04147585853934288,
0.6679719686508179,
0.14906150102615356,
-0.2950136959552765,
-0.4283323585987091,
-0.07037834078073502,
0.5924031734466553,
0.33472931385040283,
-0.7039210796356201,
0.336946040391922,
-0.11543215811252594,
-0.12863704562187195,
-0.6371528506278992,
-0.7331905961036682,
-0.19476665556430817,
0.8644402027130127,
-0.07512528449296951,
-1.1760176420211792,
0.011104299686849117,
0.22492222487926483,
-0.48081859946250916,
0.9397720694541931,
-0.0641709491610527,
-0.1773795634508133,
0.17516058683395386,
0.39609092473983765,
0.23121611773967743,
-0.7072335481643677,
0.890903890132904,
-0.06842030584812164,
-0.11973624676465988,
0.37521445751190186,
0.4308040142059326,
0.033054616302251816,
0.11314381659030914,
0.07580535858869553,
0.5423453450202942,
-0.03018702194094658,
0.1388043463230133,
0.25710901618003845,
-0.21305972337722778,
-0.19059570133686066,
-0.7488160133361816,
0.37327852845191956,
-0.017190206795930862,
-0.12985053658485413,
0.1599005162715912,
0.42762476205825806,
-0.28522321581840515,
0.22945134341716766,
0.19569800794124603,
0.36557188630104065,
-0.05991020426154137,
-0.5340360403060913,
0.17606934905052185,
0.8447284698486328,
0.37653350830078125,
0.5117747783660889,
0.2012011855840683,
0.03376850485801697,
0.08159416168928146,
-0.3242642283439636,
-0.10663618892431259,
-0.27434369921684265,
0.09247933328151703,
-0.7824198603630066,
0.6934815645217896,
-0.7351742386817932,
0.49401071667671204,
-0.06032047048211098,
0.7470797300338745,
0.07116643339395523,
0.7068125009536743,
-0.20469751954078674,
0.1629805564880371,
0.3050561249256134,
-0.04774184897542,
-0.4246463477611542,
-0.2057466357946396,
-0.1672326624393463,
0.15429536998271942,
0.5791956186294556,
0.53256756067276,
0.38442468643188477,
-0.2706904411315918,
0.210221529006958,
-0.31009405851364136,
-0.5966294407844543,
-0.17101222276687622,
0.5894680619239807,
-1.2720093727111816,
0.007117559667676687,
-0.08689189702272415,
-0.41118425130844116,
0.040166471153497696,
-0.36023107171058655,
0.9926300644874573,
0.36652252078056335,
-0.9298935532569885,
-0.23995539546012878,
-0.5986524224281311,
0.13190457224845886,
0.10660483688116074,
0.545864462852478,
0.5463072061538696,
-0.32308492064476013,
-0.7241981625556946,
-0.5063275098800659,
0.7609226107597351,
-0.4335716962814331,
-1.0385288000106812,
0.30185291171073914,
-0.4805091321468353,
0.26480722427368164,
0.1484074890613556,
-0.19243937730789185,
-0.03504550829529762,
0.31972336769104004,
0.22209714353084564
]
|
128291 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wingate%2C%20North%20Carolina | Wingate, North Carolina | Wingate is a town in Union County, North Carolina. The population was 3,491 at the 2010 census.
History
The Wingate Commercial Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2014. It is named for Washington Manly Wingate.
Geography
Wingate is located at (34.985021, -80.447254).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , all of it land.
Wingate is drained by tributaries to Richardson Creek including Rays Fork and Meadow Branch.
Demographics
2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 4,055 people, 1,002 households, and 693 families residing in the town.
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,406 people, 751 households, and 464 families residing in the town. The population density was 1,430.2 people per square mile (553.0/kmΒ²). There were 825 housing units at an average density of 490.4 per square mile (189.6/kmΒ²). The racial makeup of the town was 60.6% White, 28.8% African American, 0.4% Native American, 0.9% Asian, 7.9% from other races, and 1.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 12.4% of the population.
There were 751 households, out of which 30.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.0% were married couples living together, 17.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.1% were non-families. 27.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.46 and the average family size was 2.99.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 18.7% under the age of 18, 35.0% from 18 to 24, 21.7% from 25 to 44, 15.6% from 45 to 64, and 8.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 23 years. For every 100 females there were 93.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.0 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $33,750, and the median income for a family was $45,250. Males had a median income of $33,173 versus $22,708 for females. The per capita income for the town was $13,884. About 13.8% of families and 20.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.9% of those under age 18 and 21.0% of those age 65 or over.
The town is known mainly for Wingate University and the Jesse Helms Center, K-Ci & JoJo and Walter Collin Burleson.
References
External links
Official website of Wingate, NC
Official website of the Wingate Fire Department
Official website of Wingate University
Official website of the Jesse Helms Center
Towns in Union County, North Carolina
Towns in North Carolina | [
-0.3978288471698761,
0.4906012713909149,
0.08964873105287552,
-0.6145345568656921,
0.16350340843200684,
0.04359067603945732,
0.43044301867485046,
0.37529388070106506,
-0.6322757005691528,
-0.155588299036026,
-0.006948170252144337,
-0.06869198381900787,
-0.7920578122138977,
0.9474310874938965,
-0.9429183602333069,
0.8867858648300171,
0.25569605827331543,
0.7449966669082642,
-0.028871217742562294,
-0.9763314723968506,
-0.07706097513437271,
-0.44417232275009155,
0.0862329825758934,
0.3645871877670288,
0.09732811152935028,
-0.032946713268756866,
0.5958817005157471,
-0.3851103186607361,
0.3080161511898041,
-0.12530918419361115,
-0.0878872498869896,
0.45952215790748596,
-0.4260544180870056,
-0.041289083659648895,
0.4048033058643341,
0.13758423924446106,
0.2529297471046448,
0.20731566846370697,
0.3737100660800934,
-0.5980348587036133,
-0.7051873207092285,
-0.3355499505996704,
-0.20514459908008575,
0.4718085527420044,
0.14480839669704437,
-0.5998119115829468,
-1.4206514358520508,
0.11757675558328629,
-0.8894023895263672,
-1.0546916723251343,
-0.4608847498893738,
0.12230558693408966,
0.15516947209835052,
0.09645770490169525,
0.3724515736103058,
0.17558781802654266,
-0.17319296300411224,
-0.06559962779283524,
1.0726286172866821,
0.3888886570930481,
0.09625951200723648,
0.570938766002655,
0.32222163677215576,
0.2696225941181183,
0.31066375970840454,
0.26146766543388367,
-0.11708633601665497,
0.9364925026893616,
-0.291386216878891,
-0.3982159495353699,
-0.3360632658004761,
0.12055996805429459,
-0.15579798817634583,
0.5052894353866577,
-0.009133238345384598,
0.5567296743392944,
-0.41177210211753845,
0.21345867216587067,
0.38315513730049133,
-0.0839260071516037,
0.49155810475349426,
0.29329606890678406,
0.7092678546905518,
-0.22141332924365997,
0.5977634787559509,
0.5639002919197083,
-1.398029088973999,
0.33266597986221313,
-0.24792979657649994,
0.3951815366744995,
-0.36304378509521484,
-0.5036007165908813,
-0.30118221044540405,
0.5588894486427307,
-0.14308449625968933,
0.03767998516559601,
0.14468763768672943,
0.373717337846756,
-0.19508938491344452,
0.866661548614502,
-0.24012121558189392,
0.35679736733436584,
1.2143090963363647,
-0.0150088956579566,
-0.14181126654148102,
-0.07071998715400696,
-0.5838795304298401,
-0.175232395529747,
-0.11209426075220108,
-0.5358648896217346,
-0.7587876915931702,
0.21351666748523712,
-0.8180567622184753,
-0.581447958946228,
-0.6105126738548279,
0.9714738726615906,
0.6068468689918518,
-0.6089505553245544,
0.24939216673374176,
0.07324720174074173,
-0.060990940779447556,
1.0142014026641846,
-0.7207735180854797,
0.42087242007255554,
-0.30153271555900574,
0.44095468521118164,
0.43579721450805664,
-0.1385670155286789,
0.29046934843063354,
0.7207746505737305,
-0.7981406450271606,
0.8838720321655273,
0.08397912234067917,
0.2734920382499695,
-0.14460593461990356,
-0.22061076760292053,
0.05514899268746376,
0.4984639585018158,
0.6383412480354309,
-0.15675301849842072,
-0.9615960717201233,
-0.14584116637706757,
-0.7770664691925049,
-0.286329448223114,
0.09437757730484009,
-0.36967945098876953,
-0.5260089635848999,
-0.30673959851264954,
0.2766801118850708,
0.12261579185724258,
0.36287567019462585,
0.054516930133104324,
0.3027016818523407,
0.8271535634994507,
-0.5340779423713684,
-0.3296853005886078,
0.3987892270088196,
-0.510199248790741,
0.7972655296325684,
0.5906303524971008,
-0.04730628430843353,
0.4714110195636749,
0.757707953453064,
0.09813567250967026,
0.43085312843322754,
0.36122679710388184,
1.0021400451660156,
-0.8310319185256958,
0.04124484583735466,
0.24643675982952118,
-0.9311125874519348,
0.6836387515068054,
0.5466485023498535,
-0.6056905388832092,
0.5186823606491089,
-0.2985033392906189,
1.0012118816375732,
-0.13039501011371613,
-0.3363964855670929,
-0.27557358145713806,
-0.7068982720375061,
0.22715963423252106,
0.9128476977348328,
-0.39464572072029114,
-0.18634842336177826,
0.5291116833686829,
0.6066770553588867,
-0.3576384484767914,
-0.482601135969162,
0.022293727844953537,
0.14315974712371826,
-0.4927709996700287,
0.7822626829147339,
0.061794061213731766,
0.992924153804779,
0.24548625946044922,
-0.21776807308197021,
0.20917612314224243,
-0.2633325755596161,
0.39131414890289307,
-0.020612826570868492,
-0.3501760959625244,
0.5333612561225891,
0.12698166072368622,
0.1637892872095108,
0.23001980781555176,
0.36692923307418823,
-0.0021655294112861156,
0.3648955225944519,
0.1873224526643753,
0.418943852186203,
-0.9178760051727295,
0.10951592028141022,
0.8522157669067383,
-0.32411378622055054,
-0.8600542545318604,
-0.4378259479999542,
0.135880708694458,
0.591729462146759,
-0.4166823625564575,
0.48919737339019775,
-0.09191984683275223,
-0.39512577652931213,
0.10035842657089233,
-0.23066866397857666,
0.41877248883247375,
0.0065637556836009026,
0.16648083925247192,
-0.8278204202651978,
-0.49165651202201843,
0.574302077293396,
-0.15996100008487701,
-0.03575737029314041,
-0.554013192653656,
-0.2833253741264343,
-0.3387041389942169,
-0.5315228700637817,
-0.8014304637908936,
0.40543332695961,
-0.8789663910865784,
-0.31826844811439514,
0.7878651022911072,
-1.1458543539047241,
0.41254478693008423,
-0.27414172887802124,
-0.017243392765522003,
0.19714388251304626,
0.05319710820913315,
0.058158114552497864,
-0.59947669506073,
0.4121952950954437,
0.06469500809907913,
0.7492424249649048,
-0.5378837585449219,
-0.2596554160118103,
0.13903479278087616,
-0.05277072265744209,
0.2928028404712677,
0.052187081426382065,
-0.05992133915424347,
-0.2335728406906128,
0.47697147727012634,
-0.0701470822095871,
0.37836581468582153,
0.14357876777648926,
-1.2202727794647217,
-0.7105724215507507,
-0.150800883769989,
0.13303403556346893,
0.0853058472275734,
0.8051782846450806,
-0.9170600771903992,
0.24069583415985107,
-0.1638433039188385,
0.43868452310562134,
0.17818784713745117,
-0.39774179458618164,
-0.13435721397399902,
-1.449471354484558,
-0.13483399152755737,
0.2273998111486435,
1.2281936407089233,
0.14125993847846985,
-0.37926802039146423,
0.2835903763771057,
-0.6634212732315063,
1.4366300106048584,
-0.2529405355453491,
-0.3898405134677887,
0.05801575630903244,
-0.21885548532009125,
-0.281930536031723,
-0.06804952770471573,
0.9841813445091248,
-0.6670350432395935,
0.35422295331954956,
0.03722435608506203,
-0.10784509778022766,
0.29904383420944214,
-0.12801191210746765,
-0.8134555220603943,
0.16506925225257874,
-0.6886758208274841,
0.007179719395935535,
-0.4112916886806488,
-0.703495442867279,
-0.023728223517537117,
-0.1307704597711563,
-4.349017143249512,
0.5339611768722534,
-0.12051907926797867,
-0.3973526954650879,
0.14599278569221497,
-0.4816136062145233,
0.1147412434220314,
-0.2821488380432129,
-0.5320342183113098,
0.494086354970932,
-0.2547992169857025,
-0.08596961200237274,
0.10985741764307022,
0.3985616862773895,
0.4487265646457672,
0.6511478424072266,
0.7942336797714233,
-0.4213857054710388,
0.5813590288162231,
0.2468678504228592,
-0.6623403429985046,
0.12393737584352493,
0.06729322671890259,
-0.22815613448619843,
0.9695469737052917,
0.6407420039176941,
-0.24781182408332825,
-0.32570406794548035,
-0.3934336006641388,
0.23932266235351562,
0.135637104511261,
0.1821761280298233,
-0.36754852533340454,
-0.39410847425460815,
-0.21548590064048767,
-0.515821635723114,
0.09555429965257645,
0.04517243430018425,
-0.06994928419589996,
-0.8134399652481079,
0.1506357342004776,
0.44031012058258057,
-1.1618645191192627,
-0.2106875479221344,
0.9007219076156616,
-0.7830410003662109,
-0.600860059261322,
-0.1092604324221611,
-0.14291532337665558,
0.7951681613922119,
0.04777535796165466,
-0.41406136751174927,
0.9104973673820496,
0.16048872470855713,
0.12755781412124634,
-0.27511700987815857,
0.8032649755477905,
-0.3017076849937439,
-0.03238508105278015,
1.056510329246521,
0.3216194808483124,
-0.8169326782226562,
-0.030149757862091064,
0.2783254086971283,
0.22828392684459686,
-0.6662684679031372,
0.5684303641319275,
0.1973777562379837,
0.24404563009738922,
-0.2681497037410736,
0.6757678389549255,
0.5911096930503845,
0.07263273745775223,
-0.521604597568512,
0.6383580565452576,
-0.5609099864959717,
-0.34992632269859314,
-0.3079639971256256,
-0.1744844615459442,
-0.07582774758338928,
0.33683645725250244,
0.3427143096923828,
0.174043208360672,
0.7172746062278748,
-0.4214472472667694,
-0.13518227636814117,
0.08747556060552597,
0.6966911554336548,
-0.8571810722351074,
-0.37143391370773315,
0.22236861288547516,
-0.030406057834625244,
0.40683263540267944,
-0.01207794900983572,
-0.1525220423936844,
0.2991063892841339,
0.14991599321365356,
-0.05262885242700577,
0.12540338933467865,
-0.7119012475013733,
0.6760743856430054,
-0.3839608430862427,
-0.17499831318855286,
-0.5057824850082397,
0.1933145821094513,
-0.47016191482543945,
0.4726334810256958,
0.1748858541250229,
0.7336472272872925,
0.1285056471824646,
-0.4172959327697754,
0.014328229241073132,
0.21102158725261688,
-0.39032503962516785,
0.39974793791770935,
-0.8210164904594421,
0.16262131929397583,
0.47791561484336853,
0.7077452540397644,
0.00008871296449797228,
0.019980791956186295,
-0.3192733824253082,
-0.5102787017822266,
-0.37641873955726624,
-0.4885113835334778,
-0.18645626306533813,
1.0286738872528076,
0.04698807746171951,
-1.0609967708587646,
0.40746188163757324,
-0.3117063641548157,
-0.20192435383796692,
-0.6163848042488098,
-0.1365574598312378,
-0.3357120454311371,
-0.5876264572143555,
-0.25067538022994995,
-0.8998426795005798,
0.19493646919727325,
0.4316452443599701,
0.44517913460731506,
0.2739914059638977,
-0.9150549173355103,
0.14108002185821533,
-0.09597405046224594,
0.14082682132720947,
0.5019477605819702,
0.6042507290840149,
-1.2951099872589111,
0.43965670466423035,
-0.37425726652145386,
-0.43954914808273315,
-0.6117253303527832,
-1.1492438316345215,
0.3251804709434509,
-0.20143403112888336,
0.7214173674583435,
0.33583319187164307,
0.5451053977012634,
-0.1628396213054657,
0.06249823048710823,
0.29281410574913025,
-0.48659682273864746,
0.719779908657074,
0.0161701999604702,
-0.5581686496734619,
-0.1474108248949051,
0.03793339058756828,
-0.6580050587654114,
0.0056086210533976555,
0.2900647819042206,
-0.5817990303039551,
-0.3191770315170288,
-0.13642878830432892,
0.5810224413871765,
-0.08900770545005798,
-0.09854210168123245,
0.4099675714969635,
-0.17106378078460693,
-0.09823586046695709,
-0.38251352310180664,
0.020111702382564545,
-0.9275901913642883,
0.2763122618198395,
0.19313104450702667,
-0.37769997119903564,
-0.5574839115142822,
-0.6799746155738831,
-0.094902902841568,
0.02937275730073452,
-0.11933018267154694,
-0.26373741030693054,
0.10266237705945969,
0.14160029590129852,
-0.3542947471141815,
-0.5551744103431702,
0.42178747057914734,
-0.08561526983976364,
0.2663467228412628,
-1.1679013967514038,
0.5028407573699951,
0.8735579252243042,
0.17956286668777466,
0.9003617763519287,
0.1996849924325943,
-1.1355639696121216,
0.6123933792114258,
0.701610267162323,
-0.4749031662940979,
1.381575584411621,
0.03597889468073845,
-0.6747637987136841,
0.2920462191104889,
0.42083361744880676,
-0.3903018832206726,
0.16143225133419037,
0.5012077689170837,
-0.3215419054031372,
-0.31085216999053955,
0.08411197364330292,
-0.4725159704685211,
0.023398490622639656,
-0.27456700801849365,
-0.3083256483078003,
-1.0595026016235352,
0.5449609756469727,
0.5310776829719543,
-0.43914201855659485,
1.3307616710662842,
-0.928764820098877,
-0.06485482305288315,
0.43391603231430054,
0.4396331310272217,
0.4020698070526123,
-0.42697983980178833,
-0.21537967026233673,
-0.377836138010025,
-0.6437515616416931,
-0.011236789636313915,
-0.10874871909618378,
0.2572988271713257,
1.1256895065307617,
0.5732266902923584,
-0.777133047580719,
-0.056541889905929565,
-0.18737763166427612,
0.979979395866394,
-0.252425879240036,
-1.3895854949951172,
0.4749278128147125,
0.5923234224319458,
-0.31582435965538025,
-1.3496522903442383,
0.11341215670108795,
1.164177656173706,
-0.23065398633480072,
0.2683194875717163,
0.9005798101425171,
0.2721268832683563,
-0.22834841907024384,
-0.04747164994478226,
0.284325510263443,
-0.2766929566860199,
0.16639669239521027,
0.27670061588287354,
-0.4492420256137848,
-0.20994481444358826,
-0.12031180411577225,
0.8578144907951355,
-0.16219672560691833,
-0.5231995582580566,
-0.20777297019958496,
0.3190457820892334,
0.04857605695724487,
-0.45171383023262024,
0.005160974804311991,
0.32382962107658386,
-0.9871423840522766,
0.30490660667419434,
0.6098431944847107,
-0.4404156804084778,
-0.24667179584503174,
0.1179613322019577,
-0.798233687877655,
0.4479876458644867,
-0.9302610158920288,
0.006272244732826948,
0.2196139395236969,
-0.3424265384674072,
-0.40968313813209534,
-0.40335938334465027,
0.20685625076293945,
-0.10068951547145844,
-0.6260935068130493,
-0.3793494701385498,
0.8549652695655823,
-0.3132084906101227,
0.007081783376634121,
0.20474347472190857,
0.19581615924835205,
-1.695441484451294,
0.8719857335090637,
-0.5067744255065918,
-0.5116695761680603,
0.3446505665779114,
-0.45243096351623535,
-0.07925443351268768,
-0.34344053268432617,
0.02950110100209713,
0.6848494410514832,
-0.024494720622897148,
-0.32618531584739685,
0.17753514647483826,
1.0562347173690796,
-0.1129041388630867,
0.06482988595962524,
0.8063203692436218,
-0.5320969223976135,
-0.18635688722133636,
0.30394136905670166,
-0.3252200186252594,
-0.07745418697595596,
0.5493288636207581,
0.6111851930618286,
0.03875500336289406,
0.8860036730766296,
-0.3395969867706299,
0.5087798833847046,
-0.8106371164321899,
-0.27733585238456726,
0.11572185903787613,
-0.34255674481391907,
-1.1078354120254517,
0.3447933495044708,
-0.4399910569190979,
-0.3652784526348114,
0.03935740515589714,
-0.2615632116794586,
-0.5911912322044373,
0.5913673043251038,
-0.043770208954811096,
0.45933109521865845,
0.563892126083374,
-0.3173186779022217,
-0.24504144489765167,
-0.34954774379730225,
-0.3515668213367462,
0.8640189170837402,
0.3500092625617981,
-0.4524208605289459,
-0.09693703800439835,
0.39215973019599915,
-0.17713728547096252,
-0.6473662853240967,
-0.28262320160865784,
-0.1478193998336792,
0.7519296407699585,
-0.4557008147239685,
-0.6544368267059326,
-0.5196439623832703,
-0.20644748210906982,
-0.08555562794208527,
0.5507302284240723,
-0.008206936530768871,
-0.10974717140197754,
-0.01586592011153698,
0.5008389949798584,
-0.03529061749577522,
-0.6192270517349243,
1.1693483591079712,
0.6796323657035828,
-0.2750389873981476,
0.8454241752624512,
-0.09004192054271698,
0.11217233538627625,
0.4876443147659302,
0.07298583537340164,
0.3251357674598694,
-0.2456563115119934,
-0.24623093008995056,
-0.08886031806468964,
-0.4080217480659485,
-0.23181776702404022,
-0.8674999475479126,
0.055534351617097855,
-0.31023165583610535,
-0.5558250546455383,
0.14881999790668488,
0.5406596064567566,
-0.45242857933044434,
0.14939440786838531,
-0.3840382993221283,
-0.43722236156463623,
-0.1759466826915741,
0.04522327706217766,
-0.017225109040737152,
0.3543359041213989,
0.8089762926101685,
0.6366025805473328,
0.5386306643486023,
0.17307427525520325,
0.29901012778282166,
-0.2315666228532791,
-0.24239584803581238,
0.33296510577201843,
0.6822527647018433,
-0.5422053337097168,
1.0229911804199219,
-0.7808454036712646,
0.9234930872917175,
-0.1348922997713089,
0.510025143623352,
-0.4160703718662262,
1.3995435237884521,
-0.1712423712015152,
-0.17791219055652618,
0.3813115358352661,
-0.5277104377746582,
-0.9409884214401245,
0.1088874414563179,
-0.08421880751848221,
0.1991858333349228,
0.2919241487979889,
0.3218640387058258,
-0.24471892416477203,
-0.48028790950775146,
-0.38808003067970276,
-0.33151236176490784,
-0.8219082951545715,
0.1511068344116211,
-0.03781858831644058,
-1.2662134170532227,
0.15144851803779602,
-0.5069325566291809,
-0.11413096636533737,
0.30319198966026306,
-0.15093500912189484,
1.5178329944610596,
0.7209741473197937,
-0.3115718364715576,
0.22993934154510498,
-0.18607188761234283,
0.29137346148490906,
0.30623525381088257,
0.2274622619152069,
0.14129705727100372,
-0.8006649017333984,
-0.8163623809814453,
0.14270301163196564,
0.8724963665008545,
-0.22883054614067078,
-0.6093927621841431,
0.473756343126297,
-0.14735086262226105,
0.02902468480169773,
0.1474733203649521,
-0.19143950939178467,
-0.41198500990867615,
0.10057584941387177,
0.12993447482585907
]
|
128292 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henderson%2C%20North%20Carolina | Henderson, North Carolina | Henderson, a city with a population of 15,368 at the 2010 census, is the county seat of Vance County, North Carolina, United States.
History
The city was named in honor of former North Carolina Supreme Court Chief Justice Leonard Henderson, who lived nearby and was a friend of early settler Lewis Reavis. Henderson was officially chartered by the North Carolina General Assembly in 1841.
Prior to the creation of Vance County in 1881, Henderson was located in far eastern Granville County.
Ashland, Henderson Central Business Historic District, Henderson Fire Station and Municipal Building, Library and Laboratory Building-Henderson Institute, Mistletoe Villa, Maria Parham Hospital, Daniel Stone Plank House, Vance County Courthouse, West End School, Zollicoffer's Law Office, and Barker House are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which is land and 0.12% is water.
Henderson benefits from its location near Interstate 85 and U.S. 1. Highway 39 also runs through Henderson.
Demographics
2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 15,060 people, 5,715 households, and 3,549 families residing in the city.
2000 census
At the 2000 census there were 16,095 people, 6,332 households, and 4,122 families living in the city. The population density was 1,953.7 people per square mile (754.2/km). There were 6,870 housing units at an average density of 833.9 per square mile (321.9/km). The racial makeup of the city was 59.17% African American, 32.76% White, 0.27% Native American, 0.64% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 2.36% from other races, and 0.77% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.13%.
Of the 6,332 households 31.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 34.1% were married couples living together, 26.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.9% were non-families. 30.7% of households were one person and 14.4% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 3.05.
The age distribution was 27.4% under the age of 18, 8.9% from 18 to 24, 26.8% from 25 to 44, 20.6% from 45 to 64, and 16.4% 65 or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 82.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 75.5 males.
The median household income was $23,745 and the median family income was $30,222. Males had a median income of $26,804 versus $19,910 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,130. About 23.4% of families and 28.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 40.5% of those under age 18 and 20.9% of those age 65 or over.
Notable people
Gerald Alston (1951 ), member of R&B vocal group The Manhattans
George Lincoln Blackwell (1861 1926), theologian and author
Charles Briggs (1932 1985), American actor
Charlotte Hawkins Brown (1883 1961), educator and founder of the Palmer Institute
Jason Brown (1983 ), professional football player with the St. Louis Rams
Duke Buchan (1963 ), United States Ambassador to Spain and Andorra, raised near Henderson
Danny Flowers (1948 ), songwriter of "Tulsa Time"
Elson Floyd (1956 2015), educator and 10th president of Washington State University
Rachel Henderlite (1905 1991), Presbyterian minister and educator
Dave Henderson (1964 -), basketball player, 1991 Israeli Basketball Premier League MVP
Isaiah Hicks (1994 ), basketball player for the New York Knicks
Sammy Jackson (1937 1995), actor.
Ben E. King (1938 2015), soul and pop singer, best known as the singer and co-composer of "Stand by Me"
Shirley Owens (1941 ), singer, member of the Shirelles
Charlie Rose (1942 ), television talk show host and journalist, was born and raised in Henderson
Wilbur Fisk Tillett (18541936), theologian and dean of Vanderbilt Divinity School
References
External links
Official website of Henderson, North Carolina
Historic Downtown Business District
Henderson-Vance Chamber of Commerce
Cities in North Carolina
Cities in Vance County, North Carolina
County seats in North Carolina | [
0.06520778685808182,
0.07272250205278397,
0.4832535684108734,
-0.012499794363975525,
0.38719499111175537,
-0.19958530366420746,
0.7605810761451721,
0.3483116924762726,
-0.5597044825553894,
0.15450718998908997,
-0.4792744517326355,
0.5334061980247498,
-0.9190801978111267,
0.7402898073196411,
-0.815068781375885,
0.7919507622718811,
0.3867713510990143,
0.4518820643424988,
0.28858810663223267,
-0.8091521859169006,
-0.2021508514881134,
-0.8180381059646606,
0.19349431991577148,
0.5023254752159119,
0.29041802883148193,
0.2439202070236206,
0.1550327092409134,
0.15966691076755524,
0.08753665536642075,
0.6298822164535522,
-0.07156550884246826,
0.7566972970962524,
-0.3496302366256714,
0.21493348479270935,
-0.027339456602931023,
0.488203763961792,
0.11683012545108795,
0.24693647027015686,
0.11020141839981079,
-0.25746244192123413,
-0.5365874767303467,
-0.03195443004369736,
-0.19171641767024994,
-0.20442111790180206,
0.1641102433204651,
-0.6855111122131348,
-1.1599065065383911,
0.28311747312545776,
-0.6457412242889404,
-0.824478030204773,
-0.9475319385528564,
0.3050834536552429,
-0.8346242904663086,
0.6595686674118042,
0.5471449494361877,
0.22244669497013092,
-0.41139161586761475,
0.11708154529333115,
0.4763030707836151,
0.5545501112937927,
-0.5753533244132996,
0.3772224187850952,
0.256879061460495,
0.4891243875026703,
-0.012250284664332867,
0.3195008933544159,
-0.46055305004119873,
0.7052703499794006,
-0.13900266587734222,
-0.1928604245185852,
-0.03868016600608826,
0.19073036313056946,
-0.030352475121617317,
-0.21113070845603943,
0.07733384519815445,
0.9723900556564331,
-0.4666766822338104,
-0.42884719371795654,
0.1858886182308197,
0.3574998080730438,
0.20275424420833588,
-0.11783917248249054,
0.7108307480812073,
-0.4624992609024048,
0.6677724719047546,
0.1589062362909317,
-0.9181402921676636,
0.7205798625946045,
0.5740275382995605,
0.9183204174041748,
-0.26339390873908997,
0.36467409133911133,
-0.14038747549057007,
-0.11699593812227249,
-0.2607080936431885,
-0.24202334880828857,
0.09086480736732483,
0.06400510668754578,
-0.1559152603149414,
0.46493861079216003,
-0.00936105102300644,
0.5922923684120178,
0.8572566509246826,
-0.5865820050239563,
-0.6895643472671509,
0.15201100707054138,
-0.6302562355995178,
-0.3983660638332367,
0.5623369216918945,
0.5860142707824707,
-0.8156903982162476,
0.07422945648431778,
-0.054787732660770416,
-0.8403846025466919,
-0.561195433139801,
0.308761864900589,
0.3804662823677063,
-0.05896684154868126,
0.2506660223007202,
0.4072320759296417,
0.11735329031944275,
0.48653358221054077,
-0.35938283801078796,
0.7536965608596802,
0.037285953760147095,
0.30518844723701477,
-0.1542302519083023,
0.010569588281214237,
0.49688735604286194,
0.31683215498924255,
-0.2532518208026886,
0.2731652557849884,
0.2105904519557953,
0.5103611946105957,
-0.08713513612747192,
-0.4648936092853546,
-0.1999616026878357,
0.19461123645305634,
0.6160847544670105,
0.3714103102684021,
-0.9631607532501221,
-0.011765952222049236,
-0.44513699412345886,
-0.13385704159736633,
0.23174206912517548,
-0.38019320368766785,
-0.29446738958358765,
-0.3758986294269562,
0.3055751621723175,
0.3790350556373596,
0.011922736652195454,
0.3527325689792633,
0.15404263138771057,
0.2743867337703705,
-0.011085832491517067,
-0.16421593725681305,
0.3822007179260254,
0.45879700779914856,
0.6141452789306641,
0.07198412716388702,
-0.18277332186698914,
0.6146267056465149,
0.7660611867904663,
0.3853893280029297,
-0.03688441962003708,
0.034990180283784866,
0.6271942257881165,
-0.1641707569360733,
-0.14242105185985565,
-0.12559601664543152,
-0.7168611288070679,
0.31017765402793884,
0.211685448884964,
0.11813775449991226,
0.2351793795824051,
-0.42568910121917725,
0.6481739282608032,
0.41971153020858765,
0.2023715078830719,
-0.2731505334377289,
-0.9198212027549744,
0.14695081114768982,
0.38175761699676514,
-0.3433305621147156,
0.2725173234939575,
0.18142864108085632,
-0.031627107411623,
-0.2793594002723694,
-0.43846723437309265,
-0.4624837338924408,
0.06783571094274521,
-0.49133551120758057,
0.07359234243631363,
-0.3031032681465149,
0.5472914576530457,
0.3146541118621826,
0.047309260815382004,
0.7505180239677429,
-0.3769718408584595,
0.32414355874061584,
0.6042601466178894,
-0.46195465326309204,
0.5518047213554382,
-0.40074196457862854,
-0.015028505586087704,
0.21225914359092712,
0.31864750385284424,
0.0867299810051918,
0.18889006972312927,
0.29226696491241455,
0.0211119893938303,
-0.7505109310150146,
-0.5515941977500916,
0.6511136889457703,
-0.5506342053413391,
-0.4800070822238922,
-0.5139773488044739,
0.07990468293428421,
0.6592319011688232,
0.2862919270992279,
0.7927395701408386,
0.0316057950258255,
-0.3590738773345947,
-0.19947709143161774,
-0.3774997293949127,
0.558147132396698,
0.3263898193836212,
0.1932908147573471,
-0.5909108519554138,
-0.11681010574102402,
-0.11930055171251297,
-0.017565760761499405,
0.2604328989982605,
-0.4035431742668152,
0.1335739642381668,
-0.27799686789512634,
-0.30105409026145935,
-0.437243789434433,
0.1221863254904747,
-0.43640100955963135,
0.14529094099998474,
0.1469247192144394,
-0.5435932278633118,
0.3765595853328705,
-0.01712825894355774,
0.31123247742652893,
-0.4782891273498535,
0.15129758417606354,
0.27537059783935547,
-0.1417616307735443,
-0.028199689462780952,
-0.0208022091537714,
0.4696977734565735,
0.39480093121528625,
0.29202204942703247,
-0.12176944315433502,
-0.3390686810016632,
0.3787992596626282,
0.36133089661598206,
0.454671174287796,
-0.39129120111465454,
0.04089900851249695,
-0.31311386823654175,
-0.133937805891037,
-0.10562629997730255,
-0.3410169184207916,
-0.38124045729637146,
-0.4272472858428955,
-0.47232410311698914,
0.36492228507995605,
0.10360262542963028,
-0.45246976613998413,
0.4379168450832367,
-0.34568604826927185,
0.21925853192806244,
0.03267418593168259,
-0.0073118205182254314,
-0.6423562169075012,
-1.1335861682891846,
0.2251264750957489,
0.06119212880730629,
0.7299843430519104,
-0.3445543944835663,
-0.5522603988647461,
0.1378592997789383,
-0.9714847207069397,
0.6716777682304382,
-0.6635280251502991,
-0.2955351173877716,
-0.5865774750709534,
-0.5291358828544617,
-0.3440649211406708,
0.013190077617764473,
0.4795834422111511,
-0.2121688276529312,
-0.18787717819213867,
0.2683928310871124,
0.4282839894294739,
0.10117180645465851,
-0.2406773865222931,
-0.8180590867996216,
0.6135711073875427,
-0.3786580264568329,
0.4265560209751129,
0.4225166440010071,
-0.8255423903465271,
0.5084595084190369,
-0.11956869065761566,
-4.959434509277344,
0.730974018573761,
-0.7159113883972168,
-0.5982851982116699,
0.5722290277481079,
-0.4043312668800354,
0.3871259093284607,
-0.3280794024467468,
-0.03242328017950058,
0.30714312195777893,
-0.11166957765817642,
-0.23802797496318817,
-0.37794652581214905,
0.8584528565406799,
0.4359336793422699,
0.37598660588264465,
0.8850125074386597,
0.1476680338382721,
0.3734845519065857,
0.3804493546485901,
-0.11868692934513092,
0.0857844278216362,
-0.11635740101337433,
0.016021333634853363,
0.6252420544624329,
0.5599740743637085,
0.036200277507305145,
-0.7973712086677551,
-0.4770405888557434,
-0.30627745389938354,
-0.21015922725200653,
-0.08167261630296707,
-0.7561842799186707,
0.02922169119119644,
0.15443913638591766,
-0.26197442412376404,
0.2603912651538849,
-0.17425090074539185,
0.03609585016965866,
-0.42563775181770325,
0.2770847678184509,
0.4373856484889984,
-0.5680999159812927,
-0.32679492235183716,
0.6549502015113831,
-0.7910733819007874,
-0.362568736076355,
0.0068808612413704395,
-0.47926777601242065,
0.5093343257904053,
0.31644681096076965,
-0.5914922952651978,
0.8358648419380188,
0.14381244778633118,
-0.3961533010005951,
0.10184428095817566,
0.3852989971637726,
0.3286157548427582,
-0.6320518851280212,
0.9767982363700867,
0.4548652470111847,
-0.6294891238212585,
-0.4292079508304596,
0.39008572697639465,
-0.32551321387290955,
-0.10709373652935028,
-0.26085811853408813,
-0.07356750220060349,
0.6335481405258179,
0.33476653695106506,
-0.3305962383747101,
0.5957633256912231,
-0.4194723665714264,
-0.5898562669754028,
0.47212228178977966,
-0.23413190245628357,
-0.6943158507347107,
-0.42053478956222534,
-0.05448536202311516,
-0.0753769725561142,
-0.5495006442070007,
0.30172234773635864,
1.2228909730911255,
0.45786282420158386,
0.2533925175666809,
0.0013002562336623669,
-0.5414617657661438,
0.265151709318161,
0.18534556031227112,
-0.6463038921356201,
0.5856663584709167,
-0.31231990456581116,
1.105191946029663,
-0.12009589374065399,
-0.4902459681034088,
0.44985902309417725,
0.5095734000205994,
0.10899725556373596,
-0.15831081569194794,
-0.561545193195343,
0.3784724771976471,
-0.3732416033744812,
0.24738705158233643,
-0.25487008690834045,
-0.4097123146057129,
-0.5169857740402222,
0.3499370217323303,
0.4933024048805237,
0.48382818698883057,
-0.30723854899406433,
-0.48724570870399475,
0.23563377559185028,
-0.24535878002643585,
-0.23550370335578918,
0.4738568067550659,
-0.5875185132026672,
0.15785445272922516,
0.6695762872695923,
0.40942010283470154,
0.27966928482055664,
0.21880245208740234,
0.25030192732810974,
-0.1530296355485916,
-0.27745330333709717,
-0.6765136122703552,
-0.3827301561832428,
0.2231338620185852,
-0.12181509286165237,
-0.2792520821094513,
0.07116454094648361,
-0.4851417541503906,
-0.43690410256385803,
0.026250652968883514,
-0.15239587426185608,
-0.5416699051856995,
-0.09574326872825623,
-0.16746143996715546,
-1.0253868103027344,
0.038434773683547974,
0.41719359159469604,
0.7413508892059326,
0.22375936806201935,
-0.5654839277267456,
0.324880450963974,
-0.17898213863372803,
-0.17503787577152252,
0.3849572539329529,
0.4119645953178406,
-0.9102467894554138,
-0.013913293369114399,
-0.18699117004871368,
-0.5144186019897461,
-0.28406020998954773,
-0.8107900023460388,
-0.3502236604690552,
0.1525976061820984,
0.5854899883270264,
0.42829760909080505,
0.9031901359558105,
-0.5611891746520996,
0.07600085437297821,
-0.10341794043779373,
-0.8081040978431702,
0.4083499610424042,
0.5360128879547119,
0.13775122165679932,
-0.3028903305530548,
0.14868421852588654,
0.020289205014705658,
0.7357977628707886,
0.37312909960746765,
-0.35675257444381714,
-0.33809778094291687,
-0.4256313741207123,
0.20035038888454437,
0.060836032032966614,
0.12886908650398254,
0.04340251535177231,
-0.2397812306880951,
0.2138865441083908,
-0.07671228796243668,
-0.7841025590896606,
-0.9629442095756531,
-0.010411816649138927,
0.2975867688655853,
-0.30987149477005005,
-0.1944660097360611,
-0.1589042991399765,
0.3336312770843506,
0.2743699550628662,
0.35709863901138306,
-0.7037567496299744,
-0.08321388065814972,
-0.20969641208648682,
-0.05606447532773018,
-0.7255852222442627,
0.3698129951953888,
-0.08700993657112122,
-0.053826216608285904,
-0.2169138789176941,
-0.2702232301235199,
0.8366026282310486,
-0.22619502246379852,
0.320570707321167,
-0.05011341720819473,
-0.8249467015266418,
0.45426973700523376,
0.16797307133674622,
-0.3945036232471466,
0.7426797747612,
-0.21234320104122162,
-0.37514016032218933,
0.5214747190475464,
0.3222983479499817,
-0.35553455352783203,
-0.047725610435009,
0.20808005332946777,
-0.6784812808036804,
-0.51594477891922,
-0.14559446275234222,
-0.5704328417778015,
-0.12533456087112427,
0.10688494145870209,
-0.4017849862575531,
-0.07718328386545181,
0.40491369366645813,
0.23556047677993774,
-0.7703896760940552,
1.1360734701156616,
-0.7878087759017944,
-0.21118177473545074,
0.2247816026210785,
-0.30363398790359497,
0.57499098777771,
-0.39061325788497925,
-0.1774011105298996,
0.25956565141677856,
0.026243505999445915,
0.3925948739051819,
-0.4228408932685852,
0.2850519120693207,
0.8491758704185486,
0.23109079897403717,
-0.6076459288597107,
-0.38568243384361267,
-0.49118420481681824,
0.5250869393348694,
-0.11925245821475983,
-1.1246086359024048,
0.501024603843689,
0.5613380670547485,
-0.5278506278991699,
-1.1706143617630005,
-0.22704656422138214,
0.9506123661994934,
-0.017712878063321114,
0.0255888644605875,
0.706870436668396,
0.49025288224220276,
-0.026947349309921265,
0.3081331253051758,
-0.06436371803283691,
-0.2588843107223511,
-0.13608989119529724,
0.532825767993927,
-0.27876386046409607,
-0.4551393389701843,
-0.7781327962875366,
0.9016005992889404,
-0.5936697721481323,
-0.834992527961731,
-0.00810639001429081,
0.1863323301076889,
0.4192133843898773,
-0.10970009118318558,
0.30789023637771606,
0.14482195675373077,
-0.6786345839500427,
0.196769118309021,
0.3141430616378784,
-0.5307650566101074,
-0.044513240456581116,
-0.25566723942756653,
0.1671508103609085,
0.45432358980178833,
-0.7508839964866638,
-0.5920805335044861,
-0.007975217886269093,
-0.8044005632400513,
0.1926804929971695,
-0.27641555666923523,
0.08950922638177872,
0.10066581517457962,
-1.1282060146331787,
-0.2971353530883789,
0.44608476758003235,
0.46745699644088745,
0.5186010599136353,
-0.304545521736145,
0.31869062781333923,
-1.3052600622177124,
0.8853299021720886,
-0.2997477352619171,
-1.1086583137512207,
0.593538224697113,
-0.34325411915779114,
-0.2662116289138794,
-0.7333778142929077,
0.17199772596359253,
0.25671401619911194,
-0.02677856758236885,
0.015697820112109184,
0.3496389389038086,
1.0168043375015259,
-0.5974669456481934,
-0.038174957036972046,
0.6379527449607849,
-0.7419025897979736,
0.014471135102212429,
0.2160743772983551,
-0.13375602662563324,
0.252579003572464,
0.4426572918891907,
0.8637741804122925,
-0.24481378495693207,
1.145711898803711,
0.6262854337692261,
0.46492838859558105,
0.013130547478795052,
-0.04968088120222092,
0.13317690789699554,
-0.895524799823761,
-0.6256530284881592,
0.2680039703845978,
-0.6476467251777649,
-0.43560099601745605,
0.15028855204582214,
-0.4023043215274811,
-1.0868496894836426,
0.7204851508140564,
-0.0965830385684967,
0.47402921319007874,
0.5806251764297485,
0.38450685143470764,
-0.42309504747390747,
-0.5197807550430298,
0.09292703121900558,
0.11003956198692322,
0.03815938159823418,
-1.0996284484863281,
0.1176256611943245,
0.016765614971518517,
-0.23504795134067535,
-0.7087938189506531,
-0.40428993105888367,
-0.0227741040289402,
0.08354776352643967,
-0.48056119680404663,
-0.594362735748291,
-0.24585746228694916,
-0.2778380513191223,
-0.2957714796066284,
1.018933653831482,
0.3256096839904785,
0.3345079720020294,
0.022519588470458984,
0.9769142270088196,
0.15604090690612793,
-0.3104330897331238,
1.0292985439300537,
-0.08598780632019043,
-0.02673148736357689,
0.14241397380828857,
0.11752106994390488,
0.21416085958480835,
0.09706545621156693,
-0.06699344515800476,
0.7248600125312805,
-0.12109214067459106,
-0.0552913136780262,
0.183152437210083,
-0.0013393969275057316,
-0.42909231781959534,
-0.020650114864110947,
0.42596203088760376,
-0.5155811905860901,
-0.3777027428150177,
-0.20470088720321655,
0.21099284291267395,
-0.22730021178722382,
0.33168846368789673,
0.3221380114555359,
-0.07206552475690842,
-0.15551286935806274,
0.2047949731349945,
0.3225008547306061,
0.23693563044071198,
0.7611533403396606,
0.7485119700431824,
0.7257866859436035,
0.8944894671440125,
0.01814379170536995,
-0.06992743164300919,
-0.4011150598526001,
-0.10180549323558807,
0.32549867033958435,
-0.2561406195163727,
0.5898025035858154,
-0.9151384830474854,
0.0833214521408081,
-0.3034665584564209,
0.44129037857055664,
-0.21863725781440735,
0.5301291942596436,
-0.13275259733200073,
-0.5176592469215393,
0.9536718130111694,
-0.16687767207622528,
-0.6764950752258301,
-0.4613690972328186,
-0.1918441355228424,
-0.012122145853936672,
0.33917236328125,
0.9740660190582275,
-0.06600385904312134,
-0.5573405623435974,
0.26492902636528015,
-0.40018078684806824,
-1.1224572658538818,
0.27651044726371765,
0.3499595820903778,
-0.7557221055030823,
-0.3170996606349945,
-0.4705446660518646,
-0.8748859763145447,
-0.05764250457286835,
-0.4232742190361023,
1.5997060537338257,
0.46496716141700745,
0.08268526941537857,
-0.3384631872177124,
-0.05686827749013901,
-0.2884320020675659,
-0.07829058170318604,
0.34405162930488586,
0.6137917041778564,
-1.205479383468628,
-0.38794124126434326,
-0.2250353842973709,
0.9959182143211365,
-0.5732214450836182,
-0.4237586259841919,
-0.05147317424416542,
0.07931588590145111,
-0.11267630755901337,
-0.22904394567012787,
0.40357425808906555,
-0.5160555243492126,
0.645862877368927,
0.021350866183638573
]
|
128293 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kittrell%2C%20North%20Carolina | Kittrell, North Carolina | Kittrell is a town in Vance County, North Carolina, United States.
History
Kittrell was chartered in 1885, with its first mayor David Outlaw, a merchant and bachelor. In 1860, one census district in Granville County the primary of the three parent counties (73% of the land area of Vance County was taken from Granville County) of Vance County, was called Kittrell's Depot. Kittrell's Depot was a railroad depot named for George Kittrell and his wife, Elizabeth Boswell Kittrell, who donated the land for a Raleigh and Gaston Railroad station. The first post office for the Kittrell area, with Elisha Overton as its first postmaster, was established in 1854, replacing one in neighboring Stanton in the Epping Forest area which lacked direct railroad access, this establishment occurring shortly after Kittrell's Depot became operational. An 1868 state law required county governments to divide counties into smaller units of townships. Kittrell Township, including the depot station that is the likely basis for the choice of name, was one of Granville County's creations. George Kittrell was a grandson of Captain Jonathan Kittrell, commander of a company of Granville County colonial militia during the 1760s and early 1770s, and was a large landholder in Granville County. His holdings included the land upon which the Kittrell Springs Hotel was located. His grandfather Captain Kittrell was also one of the justices (or magistrates) for this county, and was an early Granville pioneer, who immigrated as a young adult to that area, attracted by its cheap, abundant and readily available land, along with two younger brothers Samuel and Isaac, from northeastern North Carolina. Their elder brothers George and John remained in their home area on farms in what is now known as Bertie and Gates County. The population was 467 at the 2010 census. The smallest horse in the world lives here measuring 47Β cm (18.75Β in).
Kittrell was the location of Kittrell College, the campus of which later became the Kittrell Job Corps Center. At Kittrell Job Corps Center, students will receive the skills that are necessary for them to succeed in the workforce.
Ashburn Hall, Thomas Capehart House, Josiah Crudup House, and St. James Episcopal Church and Rectory are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Kittrell was also home to two famous luxury health hotels during North Carolina's '"Golden Age" of spas, healing springs, and health resorts', the Davis Hotel and Kittrell Springs Hotel.
Geography
Kittrell is located at (36.222049, -78.441184).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of , all of it land.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 148 people, 59 households, and 47 families residing in the village. The population density was 711.5 people per square mile (272.1/km2). There were 68 housing units at an average density of 326.9 per square mile (125.0/km2). The racial makeup of the village was 70.95% White, 27.70% African American, 0.68% Asian, and 0.68% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.70% of the population.
There were 59 households, out of which 27.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.5% were married couples living together, 25.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 20.3% were non-families. 18.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.51 and the average family size was 2.79.
In the township the population was spread out, with 23.0% under the age of 18, 5.4% from 18 to 24, 29.1% from 25 to 44, 22.3% from 45 to 64, and 20.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 81.0 males.
The median income for a household in the village was $41,250, and the median income for a family was $48,125. Males had a median income of $35,000 versus $23,750 for females. The per capita income for the village was $17,799. There were 7.3% of families and 8.3% of the population living below the poverty line, including 26.9% of under eighteens and none of those over 64.
The township is currently governed by three council members led by a mayor. The current mayor is Jerry Joyner first elected in November 2009.
Notable people
Charity Adams Earley, first African American woman to be an officer in the Womenβs Army Auxiliary Corps.
Mary Hinton, American academic and university president
References
Towns in North Carolina
Towns in Vance County, North Carolina
Populated places established in 1854
1854 establishments in North Carolina | [
-0.6805054545402527,
0.5886157751083374,
0.40691617131233215,
-0.4703674018383026,
0.43868836760520935,
0.18385671079158783,
0.9846417903900146,
0.6052050590515137,
-0.5398622751235962,
0.08623838424682617,
-0.5499433875083923,
0.4499708116054535,
-0.5859655737876892,
1.2322081327438354,
-0.6140720844268799,
0.6625492572784424,
0.3206728994846344,
0.846646785736084,
0.20218975841999054,
-0.6259256601333618,
0.13006219267845154,
-0.28016531467437744,
0.27355602383613586,
0.1982603371143341,
0.4420660734176636,
0.06127754971385002,
0.3712059259414673,
-0.11041824519634247,
0.17461033165454865,
-0.0321512408554554,
-0.3274056017398834,
0.4912038743495941,
-0.639454185962677,
-0.28653040528297424,
0.23647233843803406,
-0.25615981221199036,
-0.033447880297899246,
0.30990782380104065,
0.3301604092121124,
-0.3604889512062073,
-0.38619887828826904,
-0.035591624677181244,
0.056592926383018494,
-0.05133282393217087,
0.15131089091300964,
-1.0259212255477905,
-1.3736302852630615,
-0.22888512909412384,
-0.9534027576446533,
-1.132692813873291,
-0.48807817697525024,
0.18787844479084015,
-0.042680080980062485,
0.28871724009513855,
0.2805412709712982,
0.38381636142730713,
-0.578424334526062,
0.2727474272251129,
1.1909968852996826,
0.5765776038169861,
-0.514556348323822,
0.3778206408023834,
0.1046205461025238,
0.2888372540473938,
-0.02585780806839466,
0.2022339552640915,
-0.22246871888637543,
0.7761802673339844,
-0.17433351278305054,
-0.45073968172073364,
-0.03481725603342056,
-0.034126490354537964,
0.23519401252269745,
0.23339655995368958,
0.13912586867809296,
0.7892647385597229,
-0.25779232382774353,
-0.42255544662475586,
0.25176820158958435,
0.13735756278038025,
0.358454167842865,
0.4492281973361969,
0.7233840227127075,
-0.05654401332139969,
0.4875600337982178,
0.3431369960308075,
-0.977458655834198,
0.7951385974884033,
0.06470312178134918,
0.9962772130966187,
-0.4394584000110626,
-0.03586427867412567,
-0.227563738822937,
0.0625927597284317,
-0.10120418667793274,
-0.2663971185684204,
-0.492315411567688,
0.44166868925094604,
-0.46101099252700806,
0.7433066368103027,
-0.4371562600135803,
0.5491155385971069,
0.8338785171508789,
0.005378268659114838,
-0.42072170972824097,
0.30298563838005066,
-0.9956226944923401,
-0.07609618455171585,
0.0778300017118454,
-0.5760205984115601,
-0.45821449160575867,
0.232990562915802,
-0.23161855340003967,
-0.7597074508666992,
-0.46703311800956726,
0.12403392046689987,
0.5976864695549011,
-0.6154553294181824,
0.15397214889526367,
0.07256099581718445,
0.3331966996192932,
0.6490818858146667,
-0.4623132646083832,
0.20559309422969818,
0.07582814246416092,
0.40844234824180603,
0.27114138007164,
-0.05081487447023392,
0.530240535736084,
1.0527845621109009,
-0.1661633402109146,
0.8519690632820129,
0.03415030241012573,
0.19621418416500092,
0.060225460678339005,
-0.16641706228256226,
0.06636150926351547,
0.2658731937408447,
0.48391303420066833,
0.2030041366815567,
-0.7351589798927307,
0.13349471986293793,
-1.0183346271514893,
0.30860504508018494,
-0.262779176235199,
-0.3183425962924957,
-0.38308635354042053,
-0.10965466499328613,
0.16165855526924133,
0.3818139135837555,
0.34664782881736755,
0.1438981294631958,
0.4838475286960602,
0.5940027832984924,
-0.3691682815551758,
-0.09702280163764954,
0.1657494157552719,
0.1643201857805252,
0.5532149076461792,
0.5013394951820374,
-0.2825523614883423,
0.7723157405853271,
0.6038988828659058,
0.09932317584753036,
-0.019121387973427773,
0.1920429766178131,
0.779681384563446,
-0.15135101974010468,
0.1460009217262268,
0.09523191303014755,
-0.5682067275047302,
0.6956268548965454,
0.720009982585907,
-0.36450380086898804,
0.518338143825531,
-0.5378185510635376,
1.3843696117401123,
0.27796998620033264,
-0.3577587306499481,
-0.2690092921257019,
-0.849164605140686,
0.26553186774253845,
0.6513249278068542,
-0.16970941424369812,
-0.1330661177635193,
0.4252050817012787,
0.8624557256698608,
-0.35672298073768616,
-0.7170448899269104,
-0.5040972232818604,
0.027198968455195427,
-0.5367613434791565,
0.6883325576782227,
-0.07501765340566635,
0.8665578961372375,
0.5724143385887146,
-0.5220088958740234,
0.3937099575996399,
0.002750362968072295,
0.24148941040039062,
0.46252813935279846,
-0.328519344329834,
0.26267483830451965,
-0.3368721306324005,
-0.2252374291419983,
0.7459343671798706,
0.12834365665912628,
-0.01985028013586998,
0.06993580609560013,
0.5411918759346008,
0.5297160148620605,
-0.8751173615455627,
-0.13446807861328125,
0.4864928424358368,
-0.766876220703125,
-0.6062425374984741,
0.11762423813343048,
0.08994247019290924,
0.552613377571106,
-0.23640675842761993,
0.5223996043205261,
-0.33774688839912415,
-0.022067276760935783,
-0.4722784161567688,
-0.0653911754488945,
0.8158429861068726,
-0.006493129301816225,
0.18185418844223022,
-0.39930403232574463,
-0.5022671818733215,
0.13884204626083374,
-0.21534135937690735,
-0.001674225670285523,
-0.6073481440544128,
-0.10906851291656494,
-0.201397106051445,
-0.28992822766304016,
-0.5195939540863037,
0.19418612122535706,
-0.6160370111465454,
-0.1865627020597458,
0.6906436085700989,
-0.9113823175430298,
0.6776285767555237,
-0.03750251606106758,
0.08778674900531769,
-0.3306747376918793,
0.2441476583480835,
0.2718167304992676,
-0.784432053565979,
0.2729812264442444,
0.1261010766029358,
-0.0015558496816083789,
0.210021510720253,
-0.09121273458003998,
0.25351062417030334,
-0.28534531593322754,
0.5657070279121399,
0.2117590755224228,
0.3886975049972534,
-0.28661590814590454,
0.36411747336387634,
-0.021170340478420258,
0.29900088906288147,
0.13463498651981354,
-0.6908442974090576,
-0.5781710743904114,
-0.43119558691978455,
-0.1108187735080719,
0.3183264136314392,
0.4087189733982086,
-0.6433988213539124,
0.07425351440906525,
-0.4988141655921936,
1.0393542051315308,
0.4683864712715149,
-0.041263777762651443,
-0.11146663129329681,
-1.546770453453064,
-0.055471744388341904,
0.020936742424964905,
0.8791775107383728,
-0.2478162944316864,
0.101899653673172,
0.06830079108476639,
-1.005504846572876,
1.1325151920318604,
-0.2809974253177643,
-0.2204897105693817,
-0.057543497532606125,
-0.4175017476081848,
-0.04751429706811905,
-0.09223071485757828,
0.8045589327812195,
-0.6891230940818787,
0.2992296814918518,
-0.12773028016090393,
-0.0642983689904213,
0.22810755670070648,
-0.24500112235546112,
-1.0218291282653809,
0.29634031653404236,
-0.7907581925392151,
0.052107591181993484,
0.28281426429748535,
-0.6848660111427307,
0.3840445578098297,
-0.3027437627315521,
-4.3801751136779785,
0.4403313100337982,
-0.38257983326911926,
-0.5797057747840881,
0.7863183617591858,
-0.43346714973449707,
0.5383862257003784,
-0.559141993522644,
-0.29494813084602356,
0.8146077394485474,
-0.15277895331382751,
-0.12823964655399323,
0.010908975265920162,
0.8904167413711548,
0.9394353628158569,
0.423696905374527,
0.8100790977478027,
-0.2195737659931183,
0.5784273147583008,
0.1682230681180954,
-0.5240680575370789,
0.015839476138353348,
-0.12181992828845978,
-0.3561679422855377,
0.6781994104385376,
0.7859276533126831,
0.15186575055122375,
-0.2920241355895996,
-0.2998265326023102,
0.512190580368042,
-0.20476660132408142,
0.003701701294630766,
-0.5935109853744507,
-0.18382316827774048,
-0.10376711189746857,
-0.5522162318229675,
0.09925387799739838,
-0.19767209887504578,
0.3169953227043152,
-1.0502606630325317,
0.4376351833343506,
0.6699135303497314,
-1.1018767356872559,
-0.3578175902366638,
0.6651470065116882,
-0.44530850648880005,
-0.7490728497505188,
-0.3716610372066498,
0.20967581868171692,
0.8535434603691101,
-0.005699726287275553,
-0.4149322211742401,
1.0837581157684326,
-0.07893171906471252,
0.3561288118362427,
-0.3459981679916382,
0.4398939907550812,
0.004833625629544258,
-0.24506010115146637,
0.8998033404350281,
0.22751732170581818,
-0.7462981939315796,
0.11438165605068207,
0.21972441673278809,
0.13855059444904327,
-0.6011941432952881,
0.11104899644851685,
-0.09184758365154266,
0.07143344730138779,
-0.20478112995624542,
-0.08272901177406311,
0.003970205783843994,
-0.21261721849441528,
-0.36418092250823975,
0.45296311378479004,
-0.46311914920806885,
-0.3415723443031311,
-0.2646176218986511,
-0.30201488733291626,
-0.08146820962429047,
-0.05660820007324219,
0.04323875904083252,
0.6109538078308105,
0.6449499726295471,
-0.3426339626312256,
-0.3669346272945404,
0.0137406587600708,
0.22257870435714722,
-0.3979441821575165,
-0.9023598432540894,
0.4330463707447052,
-0.06785790622234344,
0.5172533392906189,
-0.3183771073818207,
-0.2503303289413452,
0.2766011357307434,
0.550896942615509,
0.2369820922613144,
-0.3176531493663788,
-0.47984713315963745,
0.24589860439300537,
-0.9123975038528442,
-0.047484539449214935,
-0.37054237723350525,
-0.49344897270202637,
-0.18233133852481842,
0.07177693396806717,
0.18229736387729645,
0.7565813660621643,
-0.1609163135290146,
-0.5370889902114868,
0.05179285630583763,
-0.11431757360696793,
-0.16854824125766754,
0.3906242549419403,
-0.5574554800987244,
0.3499271869659424,
0.6983077526092529,
0.17084860801696777,
0.2672593891620636,
0.3116188049316406,
-0.17639531195163727,
-0.05443255603313446,
-0.509857177734375,
-0.32597145438194275,
-0.5774773359298706,
1.2202662229537964,
-0.30289873480796814,
-0.6738048791885376,
0.0865631103515625,
-0.4852685034275055,
-0.32270321249961853,
-0.5582879781723022,
-0.27465879917144775,
-0.3009404242038727,
-0.521596372127533,
-0.37464439868927,
-1.1151947975158691,
0.06937949359416962,
0.5612019896507263,
0.40981701016426086,
-0.1520521342754364,
-1.1054266691207886,
0.2813759446144104,
-0.3154533803462982,
-0.04187777638435364,
0.8117759823799133,
0.5119251608848572,
-1.6394275426864624,
0.42544060945510864,
-0.6180096864700317,
-0.759163498878479,
-0.39110779762268066,
-1.0799027681350708,
0.15627031028270721,
-0.2722032368183136,
0.44460970163345337,
0.38452768325805664,
0.7964832186698914,
-0.4341280460357666,
-0.02663315460085869,
0.6999549269676208,
-1.077429175376892,
0.9491866230964661,
0.04561128094792366,
-0.6233255863189697,
-0.08954998850822449,
0.1982693076133728,
-0.41809946298599243,
0.7062355875968933,
0.4022112190723419,
-0.4965421259403229,
-0.33208006620407104,
-0.2549501061439514,
0.33073633909225464,
-0.27166661620140076,
0.05635892599821091,
0.2956354320049286,
-0.2432979941368103,
-0.133971706032753,
0.0005232652765698731,
-0.02302197925746441,
-1.010628581047058,
-0.41171324253082275,
0.1988873928785324,
-0.3104798197746277,
-0.40528765320777893,
-0.35077616572380066,
0.12642733752727509,
0.28959500789642334,
-0.07724249362945557,
-0.02553333342075348,
0.1308882087469101,
-0.11895009875297546,
-0.5636122226715088,
-0.3793935477733612,
0.22053459286689758,
0.16241328418254852,
0.09861066192388535,
-0.5330048203468323,
0.36790427565574646,
0.49602916836738586,
-0.0685163140296936,
0.3948706090450287,
-0.14725619554519653,
-1.369413137435913,
0.49053773283958435,
0.49002236127853394,
-0.7080496549606323,
1.5465419292449951,
-0.3325098752975464,
-0.8686391115188599,
1.0043052434921265,
0.6494740843772888,
-0.2368748039007187,
-0.1028478667140007,
0.3073512017726898,
0.039202965795993805,
-0.459012895822525,
-0.1790243685245514,
-0.5653975605964661,
-0.08460214734077454,
-0.2151973843574524,
-0.23245024681091309,
-0.7536172866821289,
0.14983412623405457,
0.5328773260116577,
-0.559417724609375,
1.4457557201385498,
-0.7932171821594238,
-0.13976940512657166,
-0.02391677349805832,
0.5553185939788818,
0.49091798067092896,
-0.011316807940602303,
0.07230181992053986,
-0.23296289145946503,
-0.2953888475894928,
0.002668683882802725,
-0.3738017976284027,
0.4515865743160248,
0.5349287390708923,
0.3302778899669647,
-0.43898916244506836,
-0.44283682107925415,
-0.34746691584587097,
0.8801047801971436,
0.035375796258449554,
-1.0317636728286743,
0.7555777430534363,
0.5437010526657104,
-0.376986563205719,
-1.2399085760116577,
0.07050380855798721,
1.3391555547714233,
-0.031192375347018242,
0.1261088103055954,
0.8444686532020569,
0.35214197635650635,
0.050631068646907806,
0.20312461256980896,
-0.38383814692497253,
-0.07930856198072433,
-0.05395768955349922,
0.548662006855011,
-0.5590031743049622,
-0.13438402116298676,
-0.31433719396591187,
0.39671382308006287,
-0.017684031277894974,
-0.6772199273109436,
0.03307326138019562,
0.10707587748765945,
0.10259458422660828,
-0.7470054030418396,
0.034773338586091995,
0.24072368443012238,
-1.1795238256454468,
0.13805630803108215,
0.4584401547908783,
-0.5519478917121887,
-0.3985323905944824,
-0.1784488558769226,
-0.3142167031764984,
0.07126696407794952,
-0.848766565322876,
0.31957873702049255,
0.18373683094978333,
-0.7251824736595154,
0.027133028954267502,
-0.20593400299549103,
0.3669322729110718,
-0.4074119031429291,
-0.6232998967170715,
-0.42210131883621216,
0.66837078332901,
-0.19419865310192108,
0.43266502022743225,
0.06346169859170914,
0.46507179737091064,
-1.3203158378601074,
0.9092577695846558,
-0.036402083933353424,
-0.8191327452659607,
0.5479422807693481,
-0.6158919930458069,
-0.3631347417831421,
-0.5441451072692871,
0.38490402698516846,
0.5229390263557434,
-0.34076958894729614,
0.1677297055721283,
0.5777697563171387,
0.9637443423271179,
-0.11682666093111038,
0.20043843984603882,
0.6726427674293518,
-0.829919159412384,
-0.21225765347480774,
0.6217283606529236,
-0.3202199935913086,
-0.030655093491077423,
0.6767548322677612,
0.9107522964477539,
-0.2045053392648697,
1.8524677753448486,
-0.37568315863609314,
0.4922194480895996,
-0.06139090284705162,
-0.10942606627941132,
0.1457350254058838,
-0.6913110017776489,
-0.5838931202888489,
0.17611077427864075,
-0.3680906891822815,
-0.5327358841896057,
-0.2726290822029114,
-0.3387349843978882,
-0.5392976999282837,
0.46734336018562317,
0.010808494873344898,
0.16229921579360962,
0.2508767545223236,
-0.35125359892845154,
-0.35692209005355835,
-0.2861410081386566,
-0.32402166724205017,
0.20228421688079834,
0.4224713444709778,
-0.7935194373130798,
0.22594383358955383,
-0.0128193199634552,
-0.04934696480631828,
-0.9178763031959534,
-0.4591842591762543,
-0.11728622019290924,
0.6296068429946899,
-0.24036727845668793,
-1.0919297933578491,
-0.7509616613388062,
0.3228470981121063,
-0.1391822248697281,
0.9192807674407959,
0.04488976672291756,
-0.03830493986606598,
-0.16960299015045166,
0.779535174369812,
0.43097326159477234,
-0.7428379654884338,
1.2777957916259766,
0.5904320478439331,
0.19590424001216888,
0.5919821858406067,
0.5178829431533813,
0.2090299129486084,
0.6381738185882568,
0.14813892543315887,
0.5055266618728638,
-0.26905447244644165,
0.00027567960205487907,
-0.13262584805488586,
-0.16730743646621704,
-0.2492167353630066,
-0.39501145482063293,
-0.01541154831647873,
-0.05673740431666374,
-0.3115317225456238,
0.04514575004577637,
0.07510198652744293,
-0.4839615821838379,
-0.04058174416422844,
0.21149936318397522,
-0.3338474929332733,
0.24415893852710724,
-0.1902715265750885,
-0.023657264187932014,
0.16716907918453217,
0.7027439475059509,
0.648693859577179,
0.6380966901779175,
0.47865742444992065,
0.2137519270181656,
-0.37590232491493225,
-0.06889107823371887,
-0.20768094062805176,
0.37422826886177063,
-0.6574351787567139,
0.912055492401123,
-1.0529025793075562,
0.20401878654956818,
0.3035549223423004,
0.6527808308601379,
-0.14050884544849396,
0.6972829103469849,
-0.47373655438423157,
-0.5423545837402344,
0.5460806488990784,
-0.38912174105644226,
-0.4620077908039093,
-0.048459649085998535,
0.07792705297470093,
-0.018505370244383812,
0.35420405864715576,
0.47493770718574524,
0.2072012722492218,
-0.24274660646915436,
0.10697861760854721,
-0.42370903491973877,
-0.8914377093315125,
0.050639376044273376,
0.14785218238830566,
-1.2321785688400269,
-0.09492471814155579,
-0.22443188726902008,
-0.31749820709228516,
0.12095862627029419,
-0.4583812654018402,
1.2256476879119873,
0.6546737551689148,
-0.4780956208705902,
-0.01809733174741268,
-0.5410726070404053,
-0.014235693030059338,
0.2423321157693863,
-0.7512946724891663,
0.24144315719604492,
-0.9259448051452637,
-0.6676111221313477,
-0.1731656938791275,
0.568915843963623,
-0.6774357557296753,
-0.7832586765289307,
0.0977652370929718,
-0.05314585566520691,
0.03218650072813034,
0.31224945187568665,
0.08707278966903687,
-0.648585855960846,
0.4397333562374115,
0.31495562195777893
]
|
128294 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balliol%20College%2C%20Oxford | Balliol College, Oxford | Balliol College () is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England. One of Oxford's oldest colleges, it was founded around 1263 by John I de Balliol, a landowner from Barnard Castle in County Durham, who provided the foundation and endowment for the college. When de Balliol died in 1268, his widow, Dervorguilla, a woman whose wealth far exceeded that of her husband, continued his work in setting up the college, providing a further endowment and writing the statutes. She is considered a cofounder of the college.
The college's alumni include the incumbent Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, Boris Johnson, as well as three former prime ministers (H. H. Asquith, Harold Macmillan and Edward Heath), Harald V of Norway, Empress Masako of Japan, five Nobel laureates, several Lords of Appeal in Ordinary, and numerous literary and philosophical figures, including Shoghi Effendi, Adam Smith, Gerard Manley Hopkins, and Aldous Huxley. John Wycliffe, who translated the Bible into English, was master of the college in the 1360s.
History
Foundation and origins
Balliol College was founded in about 1263 by John I de Balliol under the guidance of Walter of Kirkham, the Bishop of Durham. According to legend, the founder had abducted the bishop as part of a land dispute and as a penance he was publicly beaten by the bishop and had to support a group of scholars at Oxford. After de Balliol's death in 1268, his widow, Dervorguilla of Galloway (their son and grandson each became Kings of Scotland), made arrangements to ensure the permanence of the college in that she provided capital and in 1282 formulated the college statutes, documents that survive to this day.
Balliol lays claim to being the oldest Oxford college, though this is disputed by both University College and Merton. Balliol's claim is that a house of scholars was established by the founder in Oxford in around 1263, before the establishment of Merton in 1274 and University College in around 1280.
New Inn Hall
Under a statute of 1881, New Inn Hall, one of the remaining medieval halls, was merged into Balliol College in 1887. Balliol acquired New Inn Hall's admissions and other records for 1831β1887 as well as the library of New Inn Hall, which largely contained 18th-century law books. The New Inn Hall site was later sold and is now part of St Peter's College, Oxford.
The Masque of Balliol
In 1880, seven mischievous Balliol undergraduates published The Masque of B-ll--l, a broadsheet of forty quatrains making light of their superiors β the master and selected fellows, scholars, and commoners β and themselves. The outraged authorities immediately suppressed the collection, and only a few copies survived, three of which found their way into the college library over the years, and one into the Bodleian Library. Verses of this form are now known as Balliol rhymes.
The best known of these rhymes is the one on Benjamin Jowett. This has been widely quoted and reprinted in virtually every book about Jowett and about Balliol ever since.
This and 18 others are attributed to Henry Charles Beeching. The other quatrains are much less well known.
William Tuckwell included 18 of these quatrains in his Reminiscences in 1900, but they all came out only in 1939, thanks to Walter George Hiscock, an Oxford librarian, who issued them personally then and in a second edition in 1955.
Women at Balliol
For over 700 years, Balliol College admitted men only. New College had in 1964 resolved to admit women, but had been prevented from doing so without the approval of the university, which argued that this would be detrimental to the existing women's colleges. On 2 June 1971, a consilium at Balliol voted 26β2 to admit women, and at the next college meeting on 6 December 1971 it was resolved 30β8 to admit women "as soon as the change in its Statutes permitting this was approved by the Privy Council". Permission was granted by the university on 8 March 1977. With the appointment of Carol Clark to a Tutorial Fellowship in Modern Languages in 1973, Balliol became the first ancient all-male college to appoint a female fellow.
Before the full admission of women as undergraduates, the college had decided to establish a co-educational graduate institution. The decision was made on 16 March 1964, and the senior tutor approached St Anne's College shortly after this. The creation of the BalliolβSt Anne's Graduate Institution with St Anne's in 1967 led to the coeducation of men and women on the Holywell Manor site. Following the arrival of women at Balliol and men at St Anne's in 1979, the joint Graduate Institution was terminated in 1984 by the consent of both colleges. Holywell Manor is now solely a part of Balliol College.
In 1979, along with many other previously all-male colleges, Balliol accepted its first cohort of female students. The first woman undergraduate to reside at Balliol was Elena Ceva-Valla, who arrived on 16 September 1979. In 2010, the college unveiled a sundial in the Garden Quad commemorating the thirtieth anniversary of the admission of women to the college, inscribed with the phrase "About Time". The first portrait of a woman in Hall since that of the co-founder, Dervorguilla of Galloway, was unveiled in 2012, depicting benefactor and Oxford Internet Institute founder Dame Stephanie Shirley. This portrait has since been joined by portraits of Carol Clark and the mathematician Dame Frances Kirwan.
In 2018, Dame Helen Ghosh succeeded Sir Drummond Bone to become the college's first female master. In the same year, Dame Frances Kirwan became the twentieth Savilian Professor of Geometry and the first woman to hold that post.
Between the years of 2015 and 2017, 39.4% of UK undergraduates admitted to Balliol were women.
Buildings and grounds
The college has been on its present site since its inception by Balliol's scholars as their residence with a lease dating to 1263 to them being the traditional "foundation" date.
Front quadrangle
The oldest parts of the college are the north and west ranges of the front quadrangle, dated to 1431, respectively the medieval hall, west side, now the "new library" and the "old library" first floor north side. The ground floor is the Old Senior Common Room. Balliol's second library pre-dates the publication of printed books in Europe. There is a possibility that the original Master's Chamber, south west side, adorned with a fine oriel window, is earlier than these; it is now the Master's Dining Room.
William Grey, Bishop of Ely, was a benefactor of the college in the 15th century. Grey devoted much care to the collection of manuscripts, and wherever he resided constantly employed scribes to make copies of such books as he could not otherwise obtain. Many of these he had adorned with costly miniatures and initial letters by the skill of an artist who worked for him at Florence. It was his desire to make his collection the nucleus of a library for Balliol College, to the building of which, as well as to that of the master's lodgings and of the old buttery and hall, he contributed largely. The work was finished about 1477 by Robert Abdy, then master of the college, and enriched with some two hundred manuscripts, the bishop's gift. Of these, many were destroyed in the reign of Edward VI and during the great rebellion, and by Wood's time few of the miniatures in the remaining volumes had escaped mutilation. But by 1890, no less than 152 of Grey's codices were still in the possession of the college, and form a large part of Roger Mynors's 1963 catalogue of the college's manuscripts. The bishop's coat of arms (gules, a lion rampant, within a bordure engrailed argent) is displayed on two windows of the Old Library, and in the panels below the window of the Master's dining room. The chapel is the third (perhaps fourth) on the site and was designed by William Butterfield in 1857.
Alfred Waterhouse designed the main Broad Street frontage of the college (1867β68), along with gateway and tower, known as the Brackenbury Buildings after philanthropist and donor Hannah Brackenbury, replacing earlier structures (Staircases IβVII). The first staircase next to the Chapel contains the Organ Scholar's lodgings.
Garden Quadrangle
South-side is the front part of the Master's Lodgings on Broad Street from the Waterhouse improvements of the 1860s of the front quad. The neighbour to this is the Fisher Building of 1759 (Stc X) The undistinguished looking Stc XI, south west side, is in fact the oldest structure in this quadrangle, 1720, originally intended as accommodation for scholars from Bristol, hence its name. Continuing the west-side Stc XIIβXIV dates from 1826, by George Basevi, and marks the beginnings of the college's academic renaissance being required for the increasing number of Commoners applying for places. Stc XV by Warren of 1912 filled in the last gap of the quadrangle; the ground floor and basement is the principal Junior Common Room. This unfortunately obscures the lines of the Salvin designed Stc XVIβXIX with Tower of 1853. As does the 1968 building by Beard Stc XX, replacing a Victorian structure. This completely hides a formal gateway similar to that at the Broad Street main entrance, this can be viewed outside from Little Magdalen Street, through the gap marked XIX one finds the small function room "Massey Room". At north side, of Stc XX is the "Back Gate" which is part of the 1906 Warren building, west and north side, Stc XXI. 1 St Giles' is its neighbour which is part of the college and houses the Oxford Internet Institute. Beard's Stc XXII replaces Victorian rooms, which were provided from the Vivian Bulkeley-Johnson benefaction. Beard's Stc XX and XXII are connected by the Snell Bridge accommodation at third-floor level, which was provided from Glasgow University's Snell Benefaction.
The college's dining hall was built in 1877, replacing an older hall in the front quadrangle, which had become too small for the college's population. Designed by Alfred Waterhouse, the hall is built in geometric style, using Bath stone and Tisbury stone, with roof and woodwork made of oak. The hall features a Willis organ, again instituted by Benjamin Jowett. The old hall became part of the library.
The ground floor contains the college bar and shop, known as "The Buttery" (west side) and the Senior Common Room lunch room (east side). The 1966 new Senior Common Room range (Stc XXIII) (northern and eastern sides) was a benefaction of the Bernard Sunley Foundation and contains some smaller rooms and the principal SCR lounge, replacing Victorian facilities. Below this is a Lecture Room ("LR XXIII").
The east side of the quad is a neighbouring wall with Trinity College, at the southern end is the Master's Garden, in front of the chapel, and the Fellows' Garden in front of the "Old" (Senior) Common Room. The Tower forming the corner between the "Old Hall" and "Old Library" is also by Salvin, of 1853 and balances that at Stc XVIβXIX.
Underneath part of the Garden Quad and extending into Trinity were the Balliol-Trinity Laboratories, the most prominent Oxford physical and chemical laboratories in late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, in which physical chemist Henry Moseley (originator of the atomic number) and Nobel Laureate Cyril Hinshelwood worked. These are now disused, following the construction of the university Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory on South Parks Road.
The Garden Quad at Balliol is the scene of the well-known limerick that parodies the immaterialist philosophy of Bishop Berkeley:
There was a young man who said, God
Must think it exceedingly odd
If he finds that this tree
Still continues to be
When there's no one about in the Quad.
and also of the response, by the Balliol-educated Catholic theologian and Bible translator Ronald Knox, which more accurately reflects Berkeley's own beliefs:
Dear Sir, your astonishment's odd:
I am always about in the Quad.
And that's why the tree
Will continue to be,
Since observed by, Yours faithfully, GOD.
Holywell Manor, Manor Road and Jowett Walk
The majority of research and post-graduate students are housed in the Holywell Manor complex, a Grade II listed building acquired by Balliol in 1932 under the direction of Kenneth Norman Bell. It hosts a collection of artworks by alumni of the college, including a mural by Gilbert Spencer depicting the college's founding, and hosts a biennial Holywell Manor Festival, Garden Party, and Garden Play. Balliol hosts more graduate students than any other ancient college, and the Manor forms the centre of this community, providing facilities such as the Middle Common Room (MCR) itself, an extensive garden, TV and computer rooms, music practice rooms, a 'Cockpit' leisure room, and the graduate-student-run 'Megaron' bar. The Manor from 1967 until the full admission of women at Balliol in 1979 was host to the Balliol-St Anne's Graduate Institution, including students from St Anne's College, Oxford. Former residents include Bill Clinton and Masako, Empress of Japan.
The 20th century saw several further additions to the college's accommodation, the Martin Building of 1966 ('Holywell Minor, a reference to Holywell Manor, across the road) and the Dellal Building (1986) for graduates on Manor Road.
Many undergraduates and some graduates live in buildings on Jowett Walk a phased development 1996β2004 (Phase 1 completed September 1996, Phase 2 completed July 2004), containing a small theatre facility, five minutes' walking distance from the main college site; these two developments are on the outskirts of the Master's Field, the sports ground and pavilion facilities of the college. Jowett Walk has also provided accommodation for some non-Balliol undergraduates, as part of an arrangement with Wadham College, Oxford.
From 2010, St Cross Church, next to the Manor, has been the college's Historic Collections Centre, an extension to the library's services. The church dates from the 11th or 12th century and is a Grade I listed building. This is the third time an Oxford college has incorporated a redundant church as a Library (see Lincoln College and St. Edmund Hall).
In 2017, the college entered into a specialised financial arrangement which enabled it to project a new 200 plus 'study-bedsits' accommodation range at the Master's Field/ Jowett Walk/ St Cross Road site which would also replace the Eastman Professor's House, Martin and Dellal buildings there. This would mean a net increase of approximately 140 rooms fulfilling the college's long-term intention of providing accommodation to all its undergraduates for all their Degree terms and also some rooms for Dons.
The project includes ten new buildings and a new sports pavilion, including a space for dining, events, spectators and squash courts in the basement. The first building opened in spring 2019 and the completion and occupation of the rest is due by January 2021. In the first phase, work began on the south of the site, at the corner of Jowett Walk and St Cross Road, to provide the accommodation for undergraduates and the new pavilion.
Oxford Internet Institute
Balliol College, and its previous Master Andrew Graham, played a major role in 2000β01 in setting up the Oxford Internet Institute. This was the first multidisciplinary research and policy centre in a European university devoted to examining the impact of the Internet on society. It is a department within the Social Sciences Division of Oxford University, but is physically located within the grounds of Balliol, and its previous Director (William H. Dutton) was a Professorial Fellow of Balliol.
Student life
Facilities
The college provides its students with facilities including accommodation, the Hall (refectory), a library, two bars, and separate common rooms for the fellows, the graduates and undergraduates. The JCR provides many services from laundry facilities, one of the few entirely student-run bars left in Oxford (the Manager, Lord/Lady Lindsay, is elected each year by students in the JCR) to a student-run cafeteria known as Pantry. There is a garden quadrangle and a nearby sports ground (the Master's Field) and boathouse. The sports ground is mainly used for cricket, tennis, hockey and football. Croquet may be played in the Master's Field or, in the summer term, in the garden quadrangle.
The majority of undergraduates are housed within the main college or in the modern annexes (Jowett Walk buildings) around the sports ground. The graduates are housed mainly within Holywell Manor which has its own bar, gardens, common room, gym and computing facilities.
Traditions and customs
Along with many of the ancient colleges, Balliol has evolved its own traditions and customs over the centuries, many of which occupy a regular calendar slot.
The patron saint of the college is Saint Catherine of Alexandria. On her feast day (25 November), a formal dinner is held for all final year students within Balliol. This festival was well established by 1550. Another important feast is the Snell Dinner. This dinner is held in memory of John Snell, whose benefaction established exhibitions for students from the University of Glasgow to study at Balliol (the first exhibitioners were matriculated in 1699) one of whom was Adam Smith. The feast is attended by fellows of Balliol College, the current Snell Exhibitioners, and representatives from Glasgow University and St John's College, Cambridge.
The MCR has one black-tie dinner each term: the Christmas Dinner in Michaelmas, Burns Night in Hilary, and the May Dinner in Trinity Term.
By far the most eccentric event is The Nepotists carol-singing event organised by the college's Arnold and Brackenbury Society. This event happens on the last Friday of Michaelmas term each year. On this occasion, Balliol students congregate in the college hall to enjoy mulled wine and the singing of carols. The evening historically ended with a rendition of "The Gordouli" (see BalliolβTrinity rivalry below) on Broad Street, outside the gates of Trinity College, although in recent years the song has been sung from within the college walls.
A college society which no longer survives is the Hysteron Proteron Club, which aimed to live one day of each term backwards.
Tortoises
Balliol also takes pride in its college tortoises. The original tortoise, who resided at the college for at least 43 years, was known as Rosa, named after the Marxist Rosa Luxemburg. Each June, pet tortoises from various Oxford colleges are brought to Corpus Christi College where they participate in a very slow race; Balliol's own Rosa competed and won many times. Rosa disappeared in the Spring of 2004, and while numerous conspiracy theories abounded, none is officially recognised by the college. However, on 29 April 2007, Chris Skidmore, a graduate of Christ Church working at the House of Commons, donated a pair of tortoises - one to his own college, and one to Balliol, where he had attended an open day in 1999. The new tortoise, Matilda, died in April 2009. Taking care of the resident tortoise is one of the many tasks assigned to Balliol students each year. This position, known as "Comrade Tortoise", has been filled by a student every year.
BalliolβTrinity rivalry
For many years, there has been a traditional and fierce rivalry shown between the students of Balliol and those of its immediate neighbour to the east, Trinity College. It has manifested itself on the sports field and the river; in the form of songs (of varying degrees of offensiveness) sung over the dividing walls; and in the form of "raids" on the other college. The rivalry reflects that which also exists between Trinity College, Cambridge and Balliol's sister college, St John's College, Cambridge.
In college folklore, the rivalry goes back to the late 17th century, when Ralph Bathurst, President of Trinity, was supposedly observed throwing stones at Balliol's windows. In fact, in its modern form, the rivalry appears to date from the late 1890s, when the chant or song known as a "Gordouli" began to be sung from the Balliol side.
The traditional words run:
The shouting of chants over the wall is still known as "a Gordouli", and the tradition continues as the students gather to sing following boat club dinners and other events. The traditional Gordouli is said to have been sung by Balliol and Trinity men in the trenches of Mesopotamia in the First World War.
Balliol became known for its radicalism and political activism in the 20th century, and saw an abortive coup in the 1960s in which students took over the college and declared it "the People's Republic of Balliol". The contrast between the radical tendencies of many Balliol students and the traditional conservatism and social exclusivity of Trinity gave the rivalry an extra edge. The fact that Balliol (in contrast to Trinity) had admitted a number of Indian and Asiatic students also gave many of the taunts from the Trinity side a distinctly racist tone: Balliol students, for example, were sometime referred to as "Basutos".
In Five Red Herrings (1931), a Lord Peter Wimsey novel by Somerville alumna Dorothy L. Sayers, Lord Peter (a Balliol man) is asked whether he remembers a certain contemporary from Trinity. I never knew any Trinity men,' said Wimsey. 'The Jews have no dealings with the Samaritans. Sayers also alludes to the rivalry in Murder Must Advertise (1933): Mr Ingleby, a Trinity man, comments, "If there is one thing more repulsive than another it is Balliolity."
One of the wittier raids from Balliol, in 1962 or 1963, involved the turfing of the whole of Trinity JCR (complete with daffodils). The last incident suspected to relate to the feud was the vandalisation of Trinity's SCR pond, which led to the death of all but one of the fish.
People associated with Balliol
Notable people
Balliol has produced a wide range of graduates in the fields of economics, history, law, physiology, medicine, management, humanities, mathematics, science, technology, media, philosophy, poetry, politics, and religion who have contributed significantly to public life. Balliol people were, for example, prominent in establishing the International Baccalaureate, the National Trust, the Workers Educational Association, the welfare state, the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament and Amnesty International.
Balliol has produced numerous Nobel Laureates. Five Nobel Laureates were students at Balliol: Cyril Norman Hinshelwood (Chemistry, 1956), John Hicks (Economics, 1972), Baruch S. Blumberg (Physiology or Medicine, 1976), Anthony J. Leggett (Physics, 2003) and Oliver Smithies (Physiology or Medicine, 2007). Seven more have been fellows of the college: George Beadle (Physiology or Medicine, 1958), Norman Ramsey (Physics, 1989), Robert Solow (Economics, 1987), John Van Vleck (Physics, 1977), Gunnar Myrdal (Economics, 1974), Linus Pauling (both Peace, 1962, and Chemistry, 1954), and William D. Phillips (Physics, 1997).
Balliol played an important role in early modern science. The early Newtonian David Gregory became Savilian Professor of Astronomy and a fellow of Balliol in 1692; the mathematician James Stirling, best remembered for Stirling's approximation for factorials, was an undergraduate at Balliol, a Snell and Warner exhibitioner expelled in 1715 for his correspondence with Jacobites; and the astronomer James Bradley, best known for discovering the aberration of light and therefore conclusively demonstrating that the speed of light is finite, was a student at Balliol (1711β1714), and was appointed Savilian Professor of Astronomy in 1721 and became the third Astronomer Royal in 1742.
Evolutionary biologist Richard Dawkins was a student there from 1959 to 1962.
Andrew Copson, Chief Executive of Humanists UK and President of the International Humanist and Ethical Union graduated in 2004.
In politics, Balliol has produced four British Prime Ministers: H. H. Asquith, Harold Macmillan, Edward Heath and Boris Johnson as well as politicians with senior leadership positions in the three major political parties, including Jo Grimond, Denis Healey and Roy Jenkins. Labour Party MP, former cabinet minister and 2015 Labour leadership candidate Yvette Cooper and Conservative Party MP and government minister Rory Stewart are current politically prominent alumni. Richard von WeizsΓ€cker, President of Germany from 1984 to 1994, also studied at Balliol. The first President of Botswana, Sir Sereste Khama studies at Balliol. Royal alumni include Empress Masako of Japan and Olav V of Norway, after whose donation of expanding the JCR is named the Norway Room, his son and current king Harald V of Norway also studied here. Shoghi Effendi, one of the appointed leaders of the Baha'i Faith from 1921 until his death in 1957, studied Economics and Social Sciences.
In journalism, the New Statesmanβs political editor Stephen Bush, the Guardianβs chief arts writer Charlotte Higgins, and columnist and Labour communications specialist Seumas Milne are alumni of the college.
In the law, Thomas Bingham was the Senior Law Lord of the United Kingdom, while Brian Hutton and Alan Rodger held equivalent positions in Northern Ireland and Scotland, at one point, all three simultaneously. Cressida Dick is the current Commissioner of the London Metropolitan Police, the first woman to hold this role.
Literary figures include John Minford, Robert Southey, David Aaronovitch, Christopher Hitchens, Matthew Arnold, Gerard Manley Hopkins, Arthur Hugh Clough, Hilaire Belloc, Ronald Knox, Graham Greene, Joseph Macleod, G. F. Bradby, Anthony Powell, Aldous Huxley, Christopher Hollis, Robertson Davies, Nevil Shute, Algernon Charles Swinburne, and Gwyneth Lewis.
Notable Balliol philosophers include Adam Smith (Snell Exhibitioner), T. H. Green, J. L. Austin, Charles Taylor, Bernard Williams, J. R. Lucas, R. M. Hare, Michael Sandel, Joseph Raz, Peter Geach, Michael Otsuka, Derek Parfit, Michael E. Rosen, and Timothy Williamson.
Balliol has also contributed to the sporting world; I. A. K. Pataudi and his son Tiger Pataudi, both India cricket captains and the 8th and 9th Nawabs of Pataudi respectively, were both Balliol graduates who played for the university. US Olympian rower Caryn Davies received her MBA at Balliol.
Balliol members have predominated as holders of the office of Chancellor of the university from the 20th century to the present; George Nathaniel Curzon, Harold Macmillan, Roy Jenkins and Chris Patten, the last two being opposed in their election by Edward Heath and Lord Bingham of Cornhill respectively. Members of the college have been elected to masterships not only at Balliol but also at other colleges, and include the current Master of Christ's College, Cambridge, Jane Stapleton, a former fellow of Balliol.
Howard Marks, a convicted drug dealer and later author, attended Balliol between 1964 and 1967 to study physics and then again between 1968 and 1969 to study History and Philosophy of Science. Ghislaine Maxwell, the British socialite who was convicted of sex trafficking of children for Jeffrey Epstein in 2021, graduated from Balliol in 1985.
The first person documented to brew coffee in England, Nathaniel Canopius, was a Cretan student at Balliol from 1637 to 1648.
Academics and Fellows
As with all colleges, Balliol has a more or less permanent set of teaching staff, known as Fellows. The college statutes provide for various categories of Fellows and these include both tutorial fellows and professorial fellows. Professorial fellows are those professors and readers of the university who are allocated to the college by the university. One of these professorships is the Beit Professor of Commonwealth History, which is currently held by James Belich. The Professorship of Internet Studies is currently held by political scientist Philip N. Howard. Other professorships include the Boden Professor of Sanskrit and the Montague Burton Professor of International Relations. Official Fellows are those who hold tutorial or administrative appointments in the college. There are also senior and junior research fellows. The college can also elect "distinguished persons" to honorary fellowships.
The fellows are supplemented by academics on short-term contracts. In addition, there are visiting international academics who come to Oxford for periods of up to a year, an example of this is the George Eastman Visiting Professorial Fellowship.
Masters
Balliol College is run by the master and fellows of the college. The master of the college must be "the person who is, in their [the Fellows] judgement, most fit for the government of the College as a place of religion, learning, and education". The current master is Dame Helen Ghosh, former Director-General of the National Trust and Home Office Permanent Secretary, and an alumna of St Hugh's and Hertford colleges.
Although the rules in no way suggest there is a preference for an alumnus or Fellow of the college to be chosen there have been few who were not, only one in the 20th century had no previous connection. A former student of the college, Baruch Blumberg, was the first American master and the first Nobel Laureate, receiving his prize in medicine for the identification of the hepatitis B virus. The former Master of Balliol, Sir Drummond Bone, was a post-graduate student there (Snell Exhibitioner from Glasgow University) and a scholar of the Romantic poet Lord Byron, and held the post from October 2011 to April 2018, following his retirement as Vice-Chancellor of the University of Liverpool in 2008.
References
Further reading
External links
Balliol College
Junior Common Room (undergraduate students)
Middle Common Room (graduate students)
A virtual tour of Balliol College (360Β° photographs)
Balliol College Dining Hall (zoomable image)
Balliol College History & Archives
1263 establishments in England
Colleges of the University of Oxford
Educational institutions established in the 13th century
Grade I listed buildings in Oxford
Grade I listed educational buildings
Alfred Waterhouse buildings
Buildings and structures of the University of Oxford | [
-0.05383983254432678,
0.35508042573928833,
0.2652682662010193,
-0.890939474105835,
0.08271642029285431,
0.7947915196418762,
0.6514516472816467,
1.0853893756866455,
-0.7717962861061096,
-0.3513640761375427,
-0.7667495012283325,
-0.41181445121765137,
0.1819918006658554,
0.2821430265903473,
0.3081150949001312,
-0.2127988487482071,
0.571307897567749,
0.18235592544078827,
0.2586416006088257,
-0.9600512981414795,
0.03165901079773903,
0.27752089500427246,
-0.4289393126964569,
0.4692780077457428,
0.2301217019557953,
0.00304938736371696,
0.4318654537200928,
-0.03787733241915703,
-0.024912606924772263,
-0.5085561871528625,
0.39733317494392395,
0.3615950644016266,
-0.21550849080085754,
-0.3038126230239868,
0.42287376523017883,
-0.6678402423858643,
-0.11327614635229111,
-0.4984714686870575,
0.2832416892051697,
-0.041421208530664444,
0.022750848904252052,
-0.0880071222782135,
0.4440026879310608,
0.12527786195278168,
-0.340899795293808,
-0.8273162245750427,
-1.156267523765564,
0.526394784450531,
-0.45970258116722107,
0.07637990266084671,
0.41357558965682983,
0.6350980401039124,
0.5010393261909485,
-0.23550334572792053,
0.16441331803798676,
0.40402892231941223,
-0.863994300365448,
0.23349392414093018,
0.5373570322990417,
-0.04169519618153572,
0.03255954384803772,
0.9267491102218628,
-0.3177702724933624,
0.6339402794837952,
-0.25868117809295654,
0.3048414885997772,
0.06215910613536835,
0.025537628680467606,
-0.9728668928146362,
-0.2307848334312439,
-0.48942333459854126,
-0.3294644355773926,
-0.14929471909999847,
0.6330692768096924,
-0.6858683824539185,
-0.9382957816123962,
0.10228657722473145,
0.2605339586734772,
0.339295893907547,
0.2567283511161804,
0.6020493507385254,
0.3734681010246277,
0.5890369415283203,
0.6686016917228699,
0.8484455943107605,
0.996907651424408,
-0.9894673824310303,
-0.35397693514823914,
-0.2030845433473587,
0.481238454580307,
-0.24650691449642181,
0.21309292316436768,
-0.014690037816762924,
0.04707876965403557,
-0.044992443174123764,
-0.2219981998205185,
-0.2595731019973755,
0.23283110558986664,
-0.0645928904414177,
0.12073054909706116,
-0.41974854469299316,
0.4155443608760834,
0.5894280076026917,
-0.036016806960105896,
-0.5288262963294983,
0.11472681909799576,
-1.1341183185577393,
-0.6961534023284912,
-0.41167891025543213,
-0.12968605756759644,
-1.211285948753357,
0.045670539140701294,
-0.5783388614654541,
0.07648346573114395,
-0.27837061882019043,
-0.06947533786296844,
0.3299245536327362,
-0.4316686987876892,
-0.6521981358528137,
-0.08548403531312943,
-0.649430513381958,
0.6291552782058716,
0.2073782980442047,
0.19738976657390594,
-0.2222374975681305,
0.3177119195461273,
0.2835569977760315,
0.2607904076576233,
-0.18193885684013367,
-0.25056225061416626,
0.380408376455307,
0.8927106857299805,
0.2112003117799759,
-0.4038793444633484,
0.14075416326522827,
-0.14810650050640106,
-0.02459414303302765,
-0.09554988890886307,
-0.018378738313913345,
0.4852592349052429,
-0.6185991168022156,
-0.4967922568321228,
-0.776456356048584,
0.032931551337242126,
0.7013037800788879,
-0.30819249153137207,
-0.6565324068069458,
-0.07270011305809021,
0.06246321275830269,
-0.2534331679344177,
0.43584951758384705,
0.331076443195343,
-0.39957135915756226,
-0.33279669284820557,
-0.2914743423461914,
0.30434301495552063,
0.2738964557647705,
0.21182173490524292,
0.24463768303394318,
-0.18646545708179474,
-0.41956934332847595,
-0.49874383211135864,
0.44864264130592346,
-0.12276811897754669,
-0.00507480138912797,
0.03191705420613289,
0.7882688641548157,
-0.4776783883571625,
-0.5848338603973389,
0.37060287594795227,
-0.8636960387229919,
-0.2392510622739792,
0.7489752769470215,
-0.39359211921691895,
-0.0808054581284523,
-0.2869764566421509,
0.6873763203620911,
0.02792244590818882,
0.6233186721801758,
-0.21646973490715027,
-0.5867577195167542,
0.031849395483732224,
-0.048340462148189545,
0.006022614426910877,
-0.15775525569915771,
-0.1883610039949417,
-0.09729073941707611,
-0.09179127216339111,
-0.21431414783000946,
0.33598169684410095,
-0.269279807806015,
-0.2948119044303894,
-0.22212795913219452,
-0.050788652151823044,
1.3153353929519653,
0.029364993795752525,
-0.7531324028968811,
0.6777421236038208,
-0.44366177916526794,
0.7198715806007385,
-0.07827059924602509,
-0.011496959254145622,
-0.45654138922691345,
-0.4245935380458832,
-0.45510542392730713,
0.10842026025056839,
0.23136450350284576,
-0.05354010686278343,
0.8412117958068848,
0.1258487105369568,
0.22389647364616394,
-0.30413582921028137,
0.018243012949824333,
0.1520078033208847,
0.19967658817768097,
-0.34489914774894714,
-0.20157010853290558,
-0.2999863028526306,
0.17980314791202545,
-0.762745201587677,
0.632213830947876,
-0.3450000286102295,
0.8966855406761169,
0.1475113332271576,
0.01697196252644062,
0.4986932873725891,
-0.1735633760690689,
0.6533864140510559,
-0.22803133726119995,
-0.4051400423049927,
0.4940839111804962,
0.1463315635919571,
-0.16617007553577423,
0.06378177553415298,
-0.16699613630771637,
-0.7064629793167114,
-0.5160792469978333,
-0.5946871638298035,
0.6101313829421997,
-0.1377408802509308,
0.4578693211078644,
-0.22737671434879303,
-1.0166637897491455,
0.4230441451072693,
0.12285692244768143,
-0.19798867404460907,
0.149872288107872,
0.26848259568214417,
-0.5012365579605103,
-0.4388508200645447,
0.0694233626127243,
-0.26544710993766785,
0.3585650324821472,
0.21925489604473114,
0.00799835380166769,
0.0039505078457295895,
-0.03524523973464966,
0.5338689088821411,
0.22231733798980713,
0.33496564626693726,
-0.34767287969589233,
0.16465522348880768,
0.42633959650993347,
0.3601037859916687,
-0.6187988519668579,
-0.42882537841796875,
-0.4321257174015045,
-0.8059907555580139,
0.06669972091913223,
-0.13774597644805908,
0.15777616202831268,
-0.6003161072731018,
-0.19453684985637665,
-0.299329936504364,
-0.6618166565895081,
0.13203808665275574,
0.3667256236076355,
0.01985170692205429,
-0.8166863918304443,
-0.1874569058418274,
0.3976527750492096,
0.4079582393169403,
-0.4212057292461395,
-0.438907265663147,
-0.3244343400001526,
0.17483390867710114,
-0.08925339579582214,
-0.021722137928009033,
0.0007221678970381618,
0.05779942497611046,
-0.2597034275531769,
0.6185938119888306,
-0.06594076007604599,
0.13009433448314667,
0.4288825988769531,
0.345218688249588,
0.2159656286239624,
-0.20802879333496094,
-0.15940551459789276,
-0.44129449129104614,
-0.07692600041627884,
0.979533314704895,
0.11208134889602661,
0.36780688166618347,
0.7049230337142944,
-0.5249502658843994,
-0.07897709310054779,
0.29356807470321655,
-5.413542747497559,
0.1574573665857315,
-0.22213150560855865,
0.4660339653491974,
1.478248119354248,
-0.287139892578125,
0.6217073202133179,
-0.6793452501296997,
-0.269704669713974,
-0.5639958381652832,
-0.5056117177009583,
-0.16472560167312622,
-0.2823435366153717,
0.3621906340122223,
0.36927464604377747,
0.9344456195831299,
0.35987356305122375,
0.05278577283024788,
-0.0893222764134407,
0.4961346983909607,
-0.095218725502491,
0.3935478925704956,
0.05419868230819702,
0.32311299443244934,
0.12839265167713165,
0.4941568970680237,
-0.15550076961517334,
0.1293974071741104,
-0.7421438097953796,
-0.5208925604820251,
0.23647703230381012,
-0.13605687022209167,
0.14005188643932343,
-0.48708590865135193,
-0.45735037326812744,
0.09338174760341644,
0.42022761702537537,
0.3417913019657135,
-0.0170072503387928,
0.09508504718542099,
0.41816040873527527,
0.4526975154876709,
0.038297343999147415,
-0.11815275251865387,
0.493665486574173,
-0.4687613546848297,
-0.7076556086540222,
-0.07874298840761185,
-0.10434673726558685,
0.09812620282173157,
-0.6091455817222595,
0.3705699145793915,
0.5634286999702454,
0.16080015897750854,
-0.3882775604724884,
-0.49403759837150574,
0.2658618092536926,
0.036441780626773834,
-0.10520016402006149,
-0.12839488685131073,
0.3786626160144806,
-0.5773792862892151,
-0.027481727302074432,
-0.5468984842300415,
-0.6374129056930542,
-0.4776481091976166,
0.20984433591365814,
0.45525237917900085,
0.10596062242984772,
0.5760979652404785,
0.20773270726203918,
0.24883241951465607,
0.06850707530975342,
-0.680629312992096,
-0.3805621862411499,
-0.49973952770233154,
-0.32521000504493713,
-0.18174326419830322,
0.20011739432811737,
0.19419509172439575,
-0.24150459468364716,
-0.24416154623031616,
-0.40835481882095337,
0.8457121849060059,
0.18323348462581635,
-0.9260976314544678,
-0.6506313681602478,
0.10263466089963913,
-0.7312929630279541,
-0.310453325510025,
-0.25954559445381165,
-0.26963451504707336,
-0.27841776609420776,
0.6520057916641235,
0.22517526149749756,
-0.09465107321739197,
-0.22840166091918945,
0.3080454170703888,
-0.1370934695005417,
0.043297067284584045,
0.2860015034675598,
-0.4051692485809326,
-0.19831162691116333,
0.2013617902994156,
-0.15886175632476807,
-0.3932628631591797,
-0.060236699879169464,
0.46764129400253296,
0.4095385670661926,
0.32497626543045044,
0.3420834243297577,
-0.25645968317985535,
-0.5108756422996521,
0.126129150390625,
0.0016958205960690975,
-0.40374818444252014,
-0.10686831176280975,
0.09170905500650406,
-0.24477122724056244,
0.1508301943540573,
-0.2221776694059372,
0.25708770751953125,
0.3669643700122833,
-0.15049706399440765,
-0.2677682340145111,
-0.23197348415851593,
0.37347400188446045,
-0.500437319278717,
-0.23419231176376343,
-0.3800638020038605,
-0.0687461644411087,
-0.038980234414339066,
0.05047188326716423,
0.4147219657897949,
-0.3039259910583496,
-0.19245412945747375,
-0.38979849219322205,
0.0944896712899208,
0.08650917559862137,
0.3836517035961151,
0.19606833159923553,
-0.01612500473856926,
0.2240312099456787,
-0.04121541231870651,
0.6718328595161438,
0.6712983250617981,
-0.07249632477760315,
0.3057517409324646,
-0.9829878211021423,
0.37405940890312195,
-0.2676865756511688,
-0.3986999988555908,
0.33396652340888977,
0.00962731521576643,
0.06465563923120499,
-0.03807579725980759,
-0.4739876389503479,
0.8439163565635681,
0.16471241414546967,
0.13338087499141693,
-0.07149651646614075,
0.010266337543725967,
-0.5289279222488403,
-0.5232298970222473,
0.5557947158813477,
0.17637357115745544,
-0.05497254803776741,
-0.277895987033844,
-0.8884468078613281,
0.30718421936035156,
0.013965765945613384,
-0.20065002143383026,
-0.7224040031433105,
-0.19606265425682068,
0.47321951389312744,
-0.12011194229125977,
-0.20394328236579895,
0.16943299770355225,
-0.3476391136646271,
-0.1284279078245163,
0.47809821367263794,
-0.6605892181396484,
0.2790682315826416,
0.2924242913722992,
0.6674993634223938,
-0.4578034579753876,
-0.5132002234458923,
-0.6836190819740295,
0.33079788088798523,
-0.46703511476516724,
0.10694711655378342,
-0.2672111988067627,
0.294708788394928,
0.20170997083187103,
-0.2362830638885498,
-0.5794801115989685,
-0.007596964947879314,
-0.20646727085113525,
-0.6091969013214111,
-0.2508193254470825,
0.029292358085513115,
0.7047300338745117,
-0.4139786958694458,
0.7248585224151611,
0.26326826214790344,
-0.4145486354827881,
0.2746877372264862,
0.19186313450336456,
-0.08927544206380844,
0.6297529339790344,
-0.4252315163612366,
-1.0946767330169678,
0.5365937352180481,
0.4614856541156769,
-1.001389503479004,
-0.34119662642478943,
0.04394173622131348,
-0.23056243360042572,
-0.3071335554122925,
-0.053265780210494995,
-0.13344106078147888,
-0.16802282631397247,
-0.2654155194759369,
-0.14329011738300323,
-0.720815896987915,
0.5129908323287964,
0.15333192050457,
-0.47838717699050903,
1.143819808959961,
-0.41543328762054443,
0.4454135596752167,
-0.16650865972042084,
-0.25768807530403137,
0.3081360161304474,
0.6172005534172058,
-0.3981674015522003,
0.04243092238903046,
0.16760404407978058,
-0.14577996730804443,
0.3224184513092041,
0.37669700384140015,
0.9778279662132263,
-0.19198115170001984,
-0.2567329704761505,
-0.6056360006332397,
0.2670823633670807,
0.385621577501297,
0.4588799774646759,
-0.5894786715507507,
0.12157301604747772,
0.5945581793785095,
-0.35942342877388,
-0.38166943192481995,
-0.35840535163879395,
-0.013829685747623444,
-0.28061220049858093,
-0.03136295825242996,
0.25711846351623535,
0.14283809065818787,
-0.2590993344783783,
0.3288354277610779,
0.26344937086105347,
-0.8343180418014526,
0.09082232415676117,
-0.08926558494567871,
0.004580260720103979,
-0.16893041133880615,
-0.2753453552722931,
0.5973504781723022,
-0.18493147194385529,
-0.21532532572746277,
-0.4502097964286804,
-0.33151277899742126,
0.6360893249511719,
0.015239308588206768,
0.35307446122169495,
-0.24892650544643402,
-0.7227622270584106,
1.1555163860321045,
-0.40533536672592163,
-0.2634427547454834,
0.4321754276752472,
0.7201213240623474,
-0.3800933063030243,
0.5604174137115479,
-0.5341275334358215,
-0.09956197440624237,
0.4547455906867981,
-0.29431429505348206,
0.6108139753341675,
-0.29063475131988525,
-0.3894682824611664,
0.05828329175710678,
0.21379123628139496,
0.16982199251651764,
0.3288310766220093,
0.37151944637298584,
-0.17445246875286102,
0.9414927363395691,
-0.16685150563716888,
-0.8531234860420227,
0.9679545164108276,
0.5293214321136475,
0.18855486810207367,
0.34160640835762024,
-0.07977987080812454,
-0.39404425024986267,
-0.04192529618740082,
-0.4729582369327545,
-0.10617367923259735,
0.2867678105831146,
-0.17167934775352478,
0.7049457430839539,
0.6174852252006531,
-0.5044044852256775,
0.031423699110746384,
0.4577696621417999,
-0.6437246799468994,
0.13199792802333832,
0.39038538932800293,
-0.34534427523612976,
0.21597693860530853,
0.5348592400550842,
-0.04498378932476044,
-0.07566094398498535,
0.7436639070510864,
-0.5475867390632629,
-0.4518875181674957,
0.09235049039125443,
0.4251987040042877,
0.3237670958042145,
-0.4546493589878082,
-0.3387274444103241,
0.9369152188301086,
-0.21146231889724731,
-0.257953405380249,
-0.17706476151943207,
-1.0186647176742554,
-0.445833295583725,
0.27840179204940796,
0.7103183269500732,
0.6042777895927429,
-0.3334711194038391,
0.5200721025466919,
-0.2233790010213852,
-0.10011540353298187,
0.3988664448261261,
0.4083409607410431,
-0.12063024193048477,
0.11262807250022888,
0.22217649221420288,
0.20618678629398346,
0.3564431965351105,
-0.13367938995361328,
-0.06529897451400757,
0.48265713453292847,
0.04054130241274834,
0.11029264330863953,
-0.7113766074180603,
-0.25929057598114014,
-0.08179038017988205,
0.7688778042793274,
0.9170657992362976,
-0.1974073201417923,
-0.1849888116121292,
0.09184424579143524,
0.7431097626686096,
-0.032035429030656815,
-0.0728403776884079,
0.5534490346908569,
0.27141258120536804,
0.43548038601875305,
0.4040888845920563,
-0.7878574132919312,
0.16010180115699768,
0.07597152888774872,
-0.2800767421722412,
0.7757002115249634,
0.2447551190853119,
-0.500826895236969,
0.11365314573049545,
-0.27538448572158813,
-0.2107902616262436,
-0.011052765883505344,
0.21600531041622162,
-0.6242009401321411,
-0.7085117101669312,
0.4264719486236572,
-0.7572704553604126,
-0.07281725853681564,
0.05524158850312233,
-0.37501949071884155,
-0.04375031962990761,
0.04277491942048073,
-0.6663804054260254,
-0.26290833950042725,
-0.1415112316608429,
0.5602409839630127,
0.4481925964355469,
-0.40223246812820435,
0.1591825783252716,
0.028661763295531273,
-0.5881806015968323,
0.194466695189476,
-0.20715895295143127,
0.4820747375488281,
-0.42246273159980774,
0.31442782282829285,
-0.816035807132721,
0.4069979190826416,
0.38573724031448364,
0.3864161968231201,
-0.21962639689445496,
0.4438287615776062,
0.05213240906596184,
1.3521121740341187,
0.464264452457428,
-0.05963171645998955,
-0.5207080245018005,
-0.0013020241167396307,
-0.047951795160770416,
0.19008278846740723,
-0.056037649512290955,
0.5292455554008484,
0.0993097573518753,
-0.00617936858907342,
0.10498804599046707,
0.2717875838279724,
-0.4039333462715149,
0.2698170840740204,
-0.15438656508922577,
0.5347945690155029,
-0.5948984026908875,
0.04881558194756508,
-0.198480486869812,
0.3474636375904083,
0.5931928753852844,
1.2361061573028564,
0.14015664160251617,
-0.351412296295166,
-0.7914010882377625,
-0.01997021585702896,
0.6297094225883484,
0.3382604122161865,
-0.528040885925293,
-0.12740753591060638,
-0.2632646858692169,
-0.4002951681613922,
-0.49123892188072205,
0.3578762710094452,
0.7641799449920654,
-0.11565035581588745,
0.4474239945411682,
-0.5124079585075378,
0.0920022651553154,
-0.20069442689418793,
-0.1435224562883377,
-0.22949065268039703,
0.6390371322631836,
0.41161373257637024
]
|
128295 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middleburg%2C%20North%20Carolina | Middleburg, North Carolina | Middleburg is a town in Vance County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 133 at the 2010 census. It was in Warren County and known as Middleburgh prior to the establishment of Vance County in 1881.
History
Middleburg Baptist Church was established on November 27, 1881. The first pastor was Reverend M.V. McDuffy.
The Pleasant Hill/Hawkins House is located near Middleburg. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979. The original dwelling was probably built by Colonel Philemon Hawkins, III. (1785-1842), and birthplace of Governor William Hawkins (1777-1819).
Geography
Middleburg is located at (36.398820, -78.323922).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 0.6Β square mile (1.5Β km2), all land.
Middleburg is located roughly halfway between New York and Atlanta, which is possibly the etymology of the town.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 162 people, 54 households, and 46 families residing in the town. The population density was 284.6 people per square mile (109.7/km2). There were 56 housing units at an average density of 98.4 per square mile (37.9/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 34.57% White, 63.58% African American, 1.23% from other races, and 0.62% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.70% of the population.
There were 54 households, out of which 35.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.6% were married couples living together, 24.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 13.0% were non-families. 13.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 3.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.00 and the average family size was 3.26.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 30.9% under the age of 18, 8.6% from 18 to 24, 29.0% from 25 to 44, 22.2% from 45 to 64, and 9.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 103.6 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $25,313, and the median income for a family was $28,750. Males had a median income of $21,563 versus $18,125 for females. The per capita income for the town was $11,552. About 4.2% of families and 5.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.5% of those under the age of eighteen and none of those 65 or over.
Notable people
John Clifford Hawkins, second ever African American member of the New York State Assembly
Tiny Broadwick, pioneer parachutist and inventor of the ripcord
References
Towns in North Carolina
Towns in Vance County, North Carolina | [
-0.7928716540336609,
0.36312833428382874,
0.4985786974430084,
-0.3718385398387909,
0.8677207827568054,
0.256376177072525,
0.7320458292961121,
0.7643898725509644,
-0.6004501581192017,
-0.04518016800284386,
-0.5909342169761658,
0.2546652853488922,
-0.3375625014305115,
1.173120141029358,
-0.7370077967643738,
0.7766004204750061,
-0.002164398320019245,
0.7499310970306396,
0.18993303179740906,
-0.8844426274299622,
0.02901493012905121,
-0.5546458959579468,
0.4460097849369049,
0.2612137794494629,
0.3320333659648895,
-0.10905112326145172,
0.42976680397987366,
-0.24690566956996918,
0.23401649296283722,
-0.1434778869152069,
-0.45742708444595337,
0.6255731582641602,
-0.4447508454322815,
0.036547157913446426,
0.38124880194664,
-0.16636241972446442,
0.07037805020809174,
0.3693040907382965,
-0.004080994054675102,
-0.1983385980129242,
-0.7564681768417358,
0.06928553432226181,
0.07903582602739334,
-0.15082696080207825,
0.4940323829650879,
-0.7430055141448975,
-1.2973114252090454,
0.1491910070180893,
-0.9512574672698975,
-1.181575894355774,
-0.9388591647148132,
0.4769224226474762,
-0.04090270400047302,
0.6381105780601501,
0.27662503719329834,
-0.004099445883184671,
-0.5213305354118347,
0.14305531978607178,
1.0508105754852295,
0.6927605271339417,
-0.0640663430094719,
0.3514687120914459,
-0.06793006509542465,
0.2123047113418579,
-0.08999866247177124,
-0.1410098671913147,
-0.19045256078243256,
0.4842827320098877,
-0.2375677525997162,
-0.42263299226760864,
0.02120126225054264,
-0.020274963229894638,
0.06310182809829712,
0.3751007914543152,
0.14480867981910706,
0.8630475401878357,
-0.004569015931338072,
-0.04146185517311096,
0.023134814575314522,
-0.17295421659946442,
0.0634172186255455,
-0.22020560503005981,
0.6642798781394958,
-0.026541395112872124,
0.6619777083396912,
0.4469042718410492,
-1.006293773651123,
0.6495217680931091,
0.15534891188144684,
0.4406157433986664,
-0.7631780505180359,
0.049275945872068405,
-0.20927633345127106,
0.0824323371052742,
-0.053654905408620834,
0.13620004057884216,
-0.058862026780843735,
0.1655675321817398,
-0.3142310380935669,
0.6432301998138428,
-0.4929904639720917,
0.6805691719055176,
0.9329180717468262,
-0.2459222674369812,
-0.11974185705184937,
0.07073974609375,
-0.4493952989578247,
-0.24973315000534058,
0.13140782713890076,
-0.48887190222740173,
-0.7537928223609924,
0.23572635650634766,
-0.03577548637986183,
-0.8927606344223022,
-0.6408978700637817,
0.5054135918617249,
0.2603936493396759,
-0.32218044996261597,
-0.06868195533752441,
0.20819324254989624,
0.4363715946674347,
0.738383412361145,
-0.3255445659160614,
0.40672367811203003,
0.12089870870113373,
0.09624265134334564,
0.11075882613658905,
-0.21134690940380096,
0.2358558028936386,
1.0110002756118774,
-0.14086060225963593,
0.594677746295929,
0.09456756711006165,
0.5282207727432251,
-0.02745160460472107,
-0.11798714846372604,
0.27553868293762207,
0.34856054186820984,
0.9704596400260925,
0.14901047945022583,
-0.46106037497520447,
-0.29502907395362854,
-0.8488788604736328,
-0.3412910997867584,
-0.2915961742401123,
-0.439594566822052,
-0.3347889184951782,
0.05533837154507637,
0.3019510507583618,
0.28028780221939087,
0.24200469255447388,
0.12255851924419403,
0.19022800028324127,
0.4257235825061798,
-0.15470893681049347,
0.25830209255218506,
0.6093887686729431,
0.00013921923527959734,
0.7413172721862793,
0.38364139199256897,
-0.2727562487125397,
0.7644070982933044,
0.6144638657569885,
0.08041759580373764,
0.5231915712356567,
0.4136197865009308,
1.000451683998108,
-0.5324597358703613,
-0.02126750349998474,
0.39259621500968933,
-0.7231736779212952,
0.7592769265174866,
0.4288947284221649,
-0.5249019861221313,
0.3562048673629761,
-0.40821126103401184,
1.2871503829956055,
0.418432354927063,
-0.02191234566271305,
-0.6393780708312988,
-0.8476822376251221,
0.055184587836265564,
0.45418810844421387,
-0.025971831753849983,
-0.026356400921940804,
0.30850455164909363,
0.2927868664264679,
-0.6549937725067139,
-0.49166542291641235,
-0.36392781138420105,
0.016417525708675385,
-0.7192783951759338,
0.4404023587703705,
-0.257343590259552,
0.6083756685256958,
0.27325502038002014,
-0.35471853613853455,
0.338638573884964,
-0.45430001616477966,
0.2822279930114746,
0.3164685368537903,
-0.6167093515396118,
0.5073150992393494,
-0.46216312050819397,
0.02596159465610981,
0.8600735664367676,
0.3606119453907013,
-0.006548019126057625,
0.4036361873149872,
0.06442897766828537,
0.029787706211209297,
-0.9803122878074646,
-0.2820567488670349,
0.5176374316215515,
-0.2967759072780609,
-0.839742124080658,
0.08997970074415207,
-0.2662787437438965,
0.47261929512023926,
-0.07473204284906387,
0.7035554647445679,
-0.2794185280799866,
0.283551424741745,
-0.05067088454961777,
-0.2895345389842987,
0.676129162311554,
0.07030355930328369,
0.29798653721809387,
-0.5132078528404236,
-0.062343060970306396,
0.20160353183746338,
-0.05290944501757622,
0.3034546375274658,
-0.6492512822151184,
0.15161336958408356,
-0.3020574748516083,
-0.4612773656845093,
-0.7084238529205322,
0.1408081352710724,
-0.7106824517250061,
-0.27203530073165894,
0.5264508128166199,
-1.098802089691162,
0.2728396952152252,
0.24406698346138,
0.13198967278003693,
-0.32474038004875183,
0.15373434126377106,
0.11297263950109482,
-0.4900195896625519,
-0.23273082077503204,
0.3093652129173279,
0.546690821647644,
-0.058667559176683426,
0.09707953780889511,
0.13174042105674744,
0.1403028815984726,
0.6776588559150696,
0.3248074948787689,
0.30330827832221985,
-0.39364784955978394,
0.3323497176170349,
-0.49227795004844666,
0.02108215168118477,
-0.36531955003738403,
-0.4336000978946686,
-0.356263130903244,
-0.4254946708679199,
-0.11344106495380402,
0.21434898674488068,
0.4575085937976837,
-0.8189449310302734,
0.32392215728759766,
-0.32063019275665283,
0.5885969400405884,
0.09832511842250824,
-0.29391103982925415,
-0.32747137546539307,
-1.0889348983764648,
-0.0188453271985054,
-0.14532996714115143,
1.1463935375213623,
-0.14846517145633698,
-0.07062254101037979,
0.07983893156051636,
-0.7954428791999817,
1.2729837894439697,
0.08384137600660324,
-0.1395636647939682,
0.12258321791887283,
-0.542579710483551,
-0.3236418664455414,
-0.4784484803676605,
1.0308506488800049,
-0.38618138432502747,
0.30613118410110474,
-0.20182889699935913,
-0.15145473182201385,
0.31004586815834045,
-0.4248180687427521,
-1.0509257316589355,
0.61797034740448,
-0.4132436215877533,
0.3221803903579712,
-0.023999102413654327,
-0.8497236371040344,
0.2664321959018707,
-0.09338168054819107,
-4.516141891479492,
0.10750271379947662,
-0.6083486676216125,
-0.3763415217399597,
0.6383946537971497,
-0.3912990689277649,
0.07255756855010986,
-0.509955644607544,
-0.295526385307312,
0.8693593144416809,
0.2612801790237427,
-0.023458313196897507,
-0.21267838776111603,
0.4249190092086792,
0.4879626929759979,
0.6233119964599609,
0.3016774654388428,
0.10878817737102509,
0.5367109179496765,
0.3914462924003601,
-0.3801270127296448,
-0.11071645468473434,
-0.11342324316501617,
-0.2639498710632324,
0.5853329300880432,
0.5630289316177368,
0.07444369047880173,
-0.5344120264053345,
0.14167127013206482,
-0.06927500665187836,
0.018226612359285355,
0.13283848762512207,
-0.5798004865646362,
0.047868914902210236,
0.2242831587791443,
-0.6127997636795044,
-0.1147216260433197,
0.12387948483228683,
0.6975473165512085,
-0.6481973528862,
0.6645799875259399,
0.7442076802253723,
-1.2226780652999878,
-0.3558661639690399,
0.9955801367759705,
-0.5733480453491211,
-0.40107613801956177,
0.045767106115818024,
-0.20096325874328613,
0.7306689023971558,
0.26759570837020874,
-0.5060855150222778,
0.6579583287239075,
0.041010670363903046,
0.670642077922821,
-0.22759981453418732,
0.5931617021560669,
-0.28975218534469604,
-0.14218339323997498,
1.1837865114212036,
0.3820681869983673,
-0.8497885465621948,
-0.19430658221244812,
0.24862052500247955,
-0.47946590185165405,
-0.5501413345336914,
-0.0182841457426548,
0.2917688488960266,
0.13889871537685394,
0.06460267305374146,
0.1187671571969986,
0.2906492352485657,
0.02206217311322689,
-0.5000841617584229,
0.2150372564792633,
-0.4405010938644409,
-0.4562166929244995,
-0.26849135756492615,
-0.423929363489151,
-0.1487315595149994,
0.3962050676345825,
0.47109782695770264,
1.048992395401001,
0.976227879524231,
0.08902780711650848,
-0.21106891334056854,
-0.30986103415489197,
0.28363367915153503,
-0.7208337783813477,
-0.46255922317504883,
-0.04189271852374077,
0.009821091778576374,
0.24871674180030823,
-0.6892279386520386,
-0.1451333910226822,
0.06712859869003296,
0.34094852209091187,
-0.16629499197006226,
-0.49133291840553284,
-0.6864244341850281,
0.7457396984100342,
-0.4413816034793854,
0.07974720746278763,
-0.3030194640159607,
-0.33316734433174133,
-0.15190090239048004,
0.3756374716758728,
0.3833633363246918,
0.7655442953109741,
-0.5066633820533752,
-0.8639167547225952,
0.0796881839632988,
-0.35793909430503845,
-0.2520846128463745,
0.26836299896240234,
-0.5958240032196045,
-0.07963482290506363,
0.5076424479484558,
0.18355131149291992,
0.10865198075771332,
0.07575564086437225,
0.14819487929344177,
-0.12247265130281448,
-0.3096308708190918,
-0.34611746668815613,
-0.5278627872467041,
1.0488308668136597,
0.13734273612499237,
-0.714736819267273,
0.8069846630096436,
-0.283767968416214,
-0.4465465545654297,
-0.8008489012718201,
-0.40001893043518066,
-0.5088382959365845,
-0.41829270124435425,
-0.09589237719774246,
-0.9929752945899963,
0.1318673938512802,
0.6376568675041199,
0.3055414855480194,
-0.09664584696292877,
-0.6025238037109375,
0.23289169371128082,
-0.261135071516037,
-0.19179140031337738,
0.6982454061508179,
0.46016019582748413,
-0.7788193821907043,
0.22914941608905792,
-0.6055265665054321,
-0.49903830885887146,
-0.255941778421402,
-0.7469218373298645,
0.44467833638191223,
-0.258725643157959,
0.5065143704414368,
0.2759394645690918,
0.4494580626487732,
-0.45650002360343933,
0.5007563233375549,
0.2640571892261505,
-0.9282404780387878,
0.7518025040626526,
0.10828744620084763,
-0.31880301237106323,
-0.6330068707466125,
0.16962017118930817,
-0.43845224380493164,
0.1073698103427887,
0.6454252600669861,
-0.4878144860267639,
0.18560852110385895,
-0.1755019873380661,
0.45538219809532166,
-0.20772743225097656,
0.05662926286458969,
0.5451035499572754,
-0.2658744752407074,
-0.17421086132526398,
-0.35715872049331665,
-0.3236207067966461,
-1.0659172534942627,
-0.37159422039985657,
0.08362216502428055,
-0.3858531415462494,
-0.09221429377794266,
-0.49248042702674866,
-0.07456520944833755,
-0.01037758681923151,
0.17717085778713226,
-0.5535562038421631,
-0.13936847448349,
0.1247585192322731,
0.175636425614357,
-0.35004812479019165,
0.4700300991535187,
-0.2330811321735382,
-0.21006356179714203,
-0.6703971028327942,
0.3285136818885803,
0.6008971929550171,
-0.3286858797073364,
0.1975826621055603,
0.06433938443660736,
-0.8601208925247192,
0.5902989506721497,
0.5692198276519775,
-0.6891908049583435,
1.7257815599441528,
-0.23822343349456787,
-0.4942932426929474,
0.7571310997009277,
0.32729610800743103,
-0.5549145936965942,
0.01954061910510063,
0.28045839071273804,
-0.4241315722465515,
-0.3616380989551544,
0.12862972915172577,
-0.34022587537765503,
-0.17192970216274261,
-0.10584915429353714,
-0.1606329083442688,
-0.7960331439971924,
0.42927250266075134,
0.6852716207504272,
-0.7251867055892944,
1.4960486888885498,
-0.7216773629188538,
-0.4631933271884918,
0.09827446937561035,
0.28300604224205017,
0.007165820337831974,
-0.03201085701584816,
0.06509774178266525,
-0.27312541007995605,
-0.5103259682655334,
-0.08221632987260818,
-0.43152371048927307,
0.3432552218437195,
0.5074372887611389,
0.34799906611442566,
-0.6330917477607727,
-0.5786671042442322,
-0.2626371681690216,
1.1442666053771973,
0.2362843006849289,
-1.2413150072097778,
0.33625224232673645,
0.8657273650169373,
-0.6373831629753113,
-1.3478044271469116,
-0.16330447793006897,
1.1270818710327148,
-0.3575291335582733,
0.04286820814013481,
0.7864519357681274,
0.310118168592453,
-0.14174632728099823,
0.22574196755886078,
-0.3165358901023865,
0.5298581123352051,
-0.14765624701976776,
0.35099032521247864,
-0.537045419216156,
-0.2798645496368408,
-0.21505039930343628,
0.4837714731693268,
-0.35114917159080505,
-0.5866603255271912,
-0.01691243425011635,
0.14209315180778503,
0.3270704746246338,
-0.6846598982810974,
0.45862409472465515,
-0.12028488516807556,
-1.2172138690948486,
0.22585110366344452,
0.561744213104248,
-0.4190800189971924,
-0.3327227830886841,
-0.2788589298725128,
-0.21958455443382263,
0.4735831320285797,
-1.0001660585403442,
-0.18536430597305298,
0.2663736641407013,
-0.38821059465408325,
0.2922440469264984,
-0.3717808127403259,
0.2859496474266052,
-0.06997660547494888,
-0.7327049374580383,
-0.6476163268089294,
0.5031864643096924,
-0.16192637383937836,
0.4083482027053833,
-0.1378280371427536,
0.19146592915058136,
-1.3311411142349243,
0.7164080739021301,
-0.47119268774986267,
-0.795143187046051,
0.753695547580719,
-0.14595097303390503,
-0.6859917044639587,
-0.48975998163223267,
0.3574819564819336,
0.4675315320491791,
-0.30240607261657715,
-0.30212512612342834,
0.7250962853431702,
0.8120174407958984,
-0.09505223482847214,
-0.09961553663015366,
1.0865143537521362,
-0.48704996705055237,
-0.2633879482746124,
0.3024485111236572,
-0.28597646951675415,
0.9060362577438354,
0.503562867641449,
1.0214691162109375,
-0.15765458345413208,
1.6162220239639282,
0.028227197006344795,
0.2697093188762665,
-0.4895192086696625,
-0.46477973461151123,
0.14885830879211426,
-0.5008188486099243,
-0.7879481315612793,
0.39151597023010254,
-0.5516558885574341,
-0.24279510974884033,
-0.040179792791604996,
-0.6469428539276123,
-0.5953402519226074,
0.6796795725822449,
-0.006360471714287996,
0.27398982644081116,
0.5572664141654968,
-0.018466444686055183,
-0.21744829416275024,
-0.2239259034395218,
-0.06861291080713272,
0.4236455261707306,
0.24647359549999237,
-1.2374271154403687,
0.2483166605234146,
-0.11759990453720093,
-0.24864552915096283,
-0.5729657411575317,
-0.4080050587654114,
-0.160326287150383,
0.2709454596042633,
-0.33426713943481445,
-0.8105571269989014,
-0.6887475848197937,
0.44864189624786377,
-0.01322549395263195,
1.0013737678527832,
0.14936156570911407,
0.223030686378479,
0.06746440380811691,
0.5889763832092285,
0.23637373745441437,
-0.5176571011543274,
0.8758971691131592,
0.15486080944538116,
0.37400975823402405,
0.3924805819988251,
0.09518829733133316,
0.24502311646938324,
0.1133982241153717,
-0.13536210358142853,
0.720811665058136,
-0.3483103811740875,
-0.13762618601322174,
0.07181980460882187,
-0.4012390375137329,
-0.17467069625854492,
-0.5096779465675354,
0.26173609495162964,
-0.3034748435020447,
-0.2620989978313446,
-0.10989678651094437,
0.4170537292957306,
-0.29579606652259827,
-0.2373410016298294,
0.06066767871379852,
-0.23304811120033264,
-0.1349801868200302,
-0.14841192960739136,
0.07360735535621643,
0.23859888315200806,
0.9093988537788391,
0.6760568022727966,
0.8097864389419556,
0.6106501817703247,
0.13992902636528015,
-0.5021746158599854,
-0.047035012394189835,
-0.15689942240715027,
0.32743167877197266,
-0.4437704086303711,
0.6622843742370605,
-0.7390972375869751,
0.677850067615509,
0.1767149269580841,
0.7660505175590515,
0.0067083025351166725,
1.1560163497924805,
-0.39318135380744934,
-0.17911504209041595,
0.7475767731666565,
-0.33062994480133057,
-0.46327653527259827,
-0.1187547892332077,
-0.006156905088573694,
-0.04724748432636261,
0.28261950612068176,
0.4080646336078644,
0.05512632802128792,
-0.3402423560619354,
0.05579763650894165,
-0.16876597702503204,
-0.5164203643798828,
0.22722065448760986,
0.18636539578437805,
-1.4379743337631226,
-0.25860127806663513,
0.09992025792598724,
-0.08526363968849182,
0.02904246747493744,
-0.5139347314834595,
1.2077157497406006,
0.763753354549408,
-0.6490990519523621,
-0.18115009367465973,
-0.13059565424919128,
0.44131705164909363,
0.1545141190290451,
-0.45077839493751526,
0.2795843183994293,
-0.7975732684135437,
-0.8048334717750549,
-0.22383856773376465,
0.84297776222229,
-0.8195396661758423,
-0.8270854353904724,
0.12291423976421356,
0.10994667559862137,
0.3590792417526245,
0.11598984897136688,
-0.42142605781555176,
-0.6550857424736023,
0.10497627407312393,
-0.2534891963005066
]
|
128296 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South%20Henderson%2C%20North%20Carolina | South Henderson, North Carolina | South Henderson is a census-designated place (CDP) in Vance County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 1,213 at the 2010 census.
Geography
South Henderson is located at .
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 1.9Β square miles (5.0Β km2), all land.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,220 people, 452 households, and 321 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 629.8 people per square mile (242.8/km2). There were 505 housing units at an average density of 260.7 per square mile (100.5/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 46.89% White, 49.02% African American, 0.08% Native American, 0.49% Asian, 0.41% Pacific Islander, 2.70% from other races, and 0.41% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 8.52% of the population.
There were 452 households, out of which 31.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.3% were married couples living together, 24.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.8% were non-families. 24.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.70 and the average family size was 3.18.
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 26.7% under the age of 18, 10.8% from 18 to 24, 27.1% from 25 to 44, 22.5% from 45 to 64, and 12.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 85.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.2 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $26,008, and the median income for a family was $36,389. Males had a median income of $26,563 versus $20,395 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $15,221. About 6.3% of families and 8.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.1% of those under age 18 and 4.4% of those age 65 or over.
References
Census-designated places in Vance County, North Carolina
Census-designated places in North Carolina | [
-0.4502064883708954,
-0.002069928916171193,
0.36561310291290283,
0.037995804101228714,
0.6701102256774902,
-0.39165911078453064,
0.6176578402519226,
0.1976584792137146,
-0.5548339486122131,
0.09763593226671219,
-0.5697900056838989,
0.3939470946788788,
-0.783467173576355,
1.0583181381225586,
-0.8718112707138062,
0.8694968223571777,
0.33714696764945984,
0.32106566429138184,
0.26046445965766907,
-0.8305226564407349,
-0.12232639640569687,
-0.9865202307701111,
-0.0589558370411396,
0.3969588875770569,
0.05503435805439949,
0.2924385070800781,
0.52702397108078,
0.1021462231874466,
0.22967301309108734,
0.4467977285385132,
0.08080463856458664,
0.6213397979736328,
-0.47421514987945557,
-0.12393356114625931,
0.07624230533838272,
0.24014948308467865,
0.21858163177967072,
0.1203574687242508,
0.18612849712371826,
-0.22557216882705688,
-0.5002612471580505,
0.06700467318296432,
-0.1988763064146042,
-0.07902964949607849,
0.365787148475647,
-0.669526219367981,
-1.3610475063323975,
0.2587827146053314,
-0.8228300213813782,
-0.8537325859069824,
-0.6107396483421326,
0.2581738531589508,
-0.130283385515213,
0.20746764540672302,
0.3427695035934448,
0.12214826792478561,
-0.35663902759552,
0.16244401037693024,
0.8008107542991638,
-0.013854133896529675,
-0.3804844617843628,
0.2643320858478546,
0.48219725489616394,
0.37497541308403015,
0.062484659254550934,
0.21805663406848907,
-0.4958600699901581,
0.7327829003334045,
-0.2745346426963806,
-0.42902857065200806,
0.04797220602631569,
0.3149643838405609,
-0.11948874592781067,
0.21453890204429626,
0.023094940930604935,
0.8687145709991455,
-0.367414265871048,
-0.26475733518600464,
-0.06756523996591568,
0.24220342934131622,
0.20937499403953552,
-0.20420090854167938,
0.4401964545249939,
-0.08644241839647293,
0.42624831199645996,
0.13529793918132782,
-0.559313952922821,
0.6866427063941956,
0.18137241899967194,
0.7169426083564758,
-0.5223103761672974,
0.3223491609096527,
-0.338569700717926,
-0.1675388216972351,
-0.17983298003673553,
-0.10127565264701843,
-0.03997175395488739,
0.21990686655044556,
-0.10565058887004852,
0.7768336534500122,
-0.3299362361431122,
0.5990517139434814,
0.7254098057746887,
-0.45136788487434387,
-0.6888687014579773,
-0.30063605308532715,
-0.6957554221153259,
-0.6303744912147522,
-0.00870497990399599,
0.28355705738067627,
-1.0745521783828735,
0.38877108693122864,
-0.160146102309227,
-0.8439726829528809,
-0.523642361164093,
0.34839707612991333,
0.14826102554798126,
-0.18554247915744781,
0.2614035904407501,
0.37190482020378113,
0.39987555146217346,
0.4949856698513031,
-0.6854377388954163,
0.5301387310028076,
-0.08373455703258514,
0.4006540775299072,
0.2744807004928589,
0.06995627284049988,
0.1787663847208023,
0.5569407939910889,
-0.03034350648522377,
0.4185696840286255,
0.35825520753860474,
0.45347148180007935,
-0.12792392075061798,
-0.6813703179359436,
-0.019163453951478004,
0.450477659702301,
0.38938674330711365,
0.22938568890094757,
-0.6919464468955994,
0.2562403678894043,
-0.6086899042129517,
-0.4207373857498169,
-0.21221695840358734,
-0.35334014892578125,
-0.40379366278648376,
-0.2795279622077942,
0.102340467274189,
0.039130233228206635,
0.3262416422367096,
0.19098371267318726,
0.27561867237091064,
0.29413095116615295,
-0.3741344213485718,
-0.006265497300773859,
0.22718337178230286,
0.21069186925888062,
0.5957281589508057,
0.07495247572660446,
-0.02438117004930973,
0.7719652056694031,
0.8376238346099854,
0.25089770555496216,
0.44115862250328064,
0.1567947268486023,
0.3493993282318115,
-0.6906334161758423,
0.05828142166137695,
0.30990156531333923,
-0.616020143032074,
0.4131205976009369,
0.5210650563240051,
-0.0712830200791359,
0.6106184720993042,
-0.7339457869529724,
0.5962363481521606,
0.3287711441516876,
0.13588476181030273,
-0.322415292263031,
-0.9236438274383545,
-0.2723555862903595,
0.6721946597099304,
-0.30025413632392883,
0.2786436378955841,
0.5282491445541382,
0.07804451137781143,
0.06667602807283401,
-0.18457846343517303,
-0.3657519221305847,
-0.4067516326904297,
-0.8782496452331543,
0.3542703688144684,
-0.19329601526260376,
0.644869327545166,
0.3838284909725189,
0.06972235441207886,
0.6598020195960999,
-0.537260115146637,
0.15527835488319397,
0.22390931844711304,
-0.7576390504837036,
0.48348015546798706,
-0.09647230058908463,
0.18185555934906006,
0.12463002651929855,
0.21138645708560944,
0.43077799677848816,
0.01219169795513153,
0.4763595759868622,
-0.21773949265480042,
-0.8966159224510193,
-0.06115458533167839,
0.7842088341712952,
-0.40597936511039734,
-0.5229491591453552,
-0.060884714126586914,
0.015812519937753677,
0.5841593146324158,
-0.04803173616528511,
0.7270994186401367,
-0.06742074340581894,
-0.016536390408873558,
-0.2973233461380005,
-0.589927077293396,
0.8417873978614807,
0.6043351292610168,
0.30832579731941223,
-0.421346515417099,
0.0963754802942276,
0.2958804965019226,
0.27750831842422485,
0.3885881006717682,
-0.6680273413658142,
0.14796674251556396,
-0.2871284782886505,
-0.1877933293581009,
-0.8876444101333618,
0.016249584034085274,
-0.8544632196426392,
0.11365881562232971,
0.17730751633644104,
-0.7162927985191345,
0.3314547538757324,
0.4422492980957031,
0.2665579617023468,
-0.38419419527053833,
0.10351111739873886,
0.04613488167524338,
-0.29792657494544983,
0.029347388073801994,
0.2965865433216095,
0.8118983507156372,
-0.05520900711417198,
0.07831359654664993,
0.22107167541980743,
-0.0007704420131631196,
0.4479730427265167,
0.35284194350242615,
-0.08309400081634521,
-0.3446401059627533,
0.5307472944259644,
-0.32327598333358765,
-0.2989722490310669,
0.008412474766373634,
-0.37274447083473206,
-0.48498696088790894,
-0.31965172290802,
-0.3266473710536957,
0.5053237080574036,
0.2468852698802948,
-0.6775111556053162,
0.16251225769519806,
-0.11143098771572113,
-0.13143497705459595,
-0.07185563445091248,
0.12694025039672852,
-0.6005707383155823,
-1.032832145690918,
-0.15534821152687073,
0.10595343261957169,
0.6241771578788757,
-0.36775800585746765,
-0.36243531107902527,
0.08605797588825226,
-0.45066240429878235,
0.884872555732727,
0.014425020664930344,
-0.5448170900344849,
-0.41864699125289917,
-0.49239832162857056,
-0.14409533143043518,
-0.20147573947906494,
0.8850606083869934,
-0.3681759238243103,
-0.018425876274704933,
-0.02316918782889843,
0.17668521404266357,
0.20316895842552185,
-0.06315281242132187,
-0.5214249491691589,
0.4939473569393158,
-0.5448370575904846,
0.4506330192089081,
0.15552015602588654,
-0.9640721082687378,
0.26686012744903564,
0.18499763309955597,
-4.806722164154053,
0.7524611949920654,
-0.7920380234718323,
-0.27937978506088257,
0.2841707766056061,
-0.25516730546951294,
0.29701146483421326,
-0.32647156715393066,
-0.18951591849327087,
0.5816879272460938,
-0.5695330500602722,
-0.4134054183959961,
-0.12603889405727386,
0.5006745457649231,
0.761873185634613,
0.531085729598999,
0.5455806255340576,
-0.03691990301012993,
0.635126531124115,
0.38320615887641907,
-0.23566056787967682,
0.32158130407333374,
-0.3255143463611603,
0.016256680712103844,
0.6271867156028748,
0.44726064801216125,
0.13888566195964813,
-0.7312797904014587,
-0.8311035633087158,
-0.13841943442821503,
0.27978357672691345,
-0.016526097431778908,
-0.9559752345085144,
0.08876741677522659,
0.07691965997219086,
-0.3092126250267029,
0.17916160821914673,
-0.40433669090270996,
-0.005987449083477259,
-0.3162810206413269,
0.4568212032318115,
0.666762113571167,
-0.9479115009307861,
-0.3080151081085205,
0.6365888714790344,
-0.4770546853542328,
-0.4750496745109558,
-0.16759270429611206,
-0.0994660034775734,
0.707477867603302,
0.11500666290521622,
-0.3833485245704651,
0.9450913071632385,
0.14329427480697632,
-0.14748775959014893,
-0.20099450647830963,
0.5028280019760132,
-0.0013072595465928316,
-0.5154836773872375,
1.0403145551681519,
0.698036789894104,
-0.47637686133384705,
-0.34143033623695374,
0.1695091873407364,
-0.5357398986816406,
-0.5534164309501648,
-0.08574588596820831,
0.17475345730781555,
0.3607168197631836,
0.11618595570325851,
-0.06590589880943298,
0.5539345145225525,
-0.24936793744564056,
-0.7183021903038025,
0.7334282994270325,
-0.32389527559280396,
-0.7201547622680664,
-0.36587241291999817,
-0.46420472860336304,
-0.16262207925319672,
-0.17919638752937317,
0.36295831203460693,
1.18821382522583,
0.850570797920227,
0.47981569170951843,
-0.5627456903457642,
-0.31688392162323,
0.07559596747159958,
-0.274949312210083,
-0.6761085987091064,
0.6095698475837708,
-0.3142109513282776,
0.8501328825950623,
-0.2687167525291443,
-0.30601805448532104,
0.5821250081062317,
0.4784337282180786,
0.0326433964073658,
-0.0993245542049408,
-0.5981679558753967,
0.40092095732688904,
-0.15746891498565674,
0.23340944945812225,
0.030860835686326027,
-0.027950672432780266,
-0.7007912397384644,
0.5632410049438477,
0.4563997685909271,
0.32149815559387207,
-0.2510168254375458,
-0.16951720416545868,
0.21158818900585175,
-0.14842520654201508,
0.031388018280267715,
0.28365710377693176,
-0.3313717544078827,
-0.007243409287184477,
0.6160147786140442,
0.28144755959510803,
0.11706136912107468,
0.35521644353866577,
0.04642517864704132,
-0.18917305767536163,
-0.21705995500087738,
-0.5732587575912476,
-0.21793901920318604,
0.6390600204467773,
-0.1692197024822235,
-0.6386616826057434,
0.8407171368598938,
-0.16710180044174194,
-0.1484648436307907,
-0.30418139696121216,
-0.6291041970252991,
-0.2789071202278137,
-0.23155367374420166,
-0.34719738364219666,
-1.0411771535873413,
0.1723666936159134,
0.5863861441612244,
0.5771060585975647,
0.13689780235290527,
-0.628952145576477,
0.3146972358226776,
0.018141919746994972,
0.11686363071203232,
0.398346871137619,
0.20104746520519257,
-1.0128049850463867,
0.19139736890792847,
-0.5163606405258179,
-0.6189492344856262,
-0.1121789962053299,
-0.7707160115242004,
0.025686919689178467,
-0.33224132657051086,
0.4421021640300751,
0.5114311575889587,
0.747830867767334,
-0.5793638229370117,
-0.02787364460527897,
-0.043830499053001404,
-1.0667155981063843,
0.6612907648086548,
0.33743712306022644,
0.08685611933469772,
-0.5181384682655334,
-0.07671428471803665,
-0.08629947900772095,
0.6631772518157959,
0.7283980846405029,
-0.5470311045646667,
-0.045237500220537186,
-0.4742892384529114,
0.3560550808906555,
-0.3452484905719757,
0.16318076848983765,
0.16960680484771729,
-0.2383667379617691,
0.16772595047950745,
-0.06401999294757843,
-0.6685850024223328,
-0.7416669130325317,
-0.13198322057724,
0.25719496607780457,
-0.5003668069839478,
-0.3110395669937134,
-0.4744390547275543,
0.04252041503787041,
-0.02480028010904789,
0.5310656428337097,
-0.8155913949012756,
0.1688840538263321,
0.024022232741117477,
-0.1161036342382431,
-0.8711821436882019,
0.4974464476108551,
-0.2019055187702179,
-0.0693339854478836,
-0.5932136178016663,
-0.025835182517766953,
0.7391669154167175,
0.01785043068230152,
0.6165963411331177,
-0.03320474177598953,
-0.9622382521629333,
0.5145785808563232,
0.2076282501220703,
-0.36493343114852905,
0.9434314370155334,
-0.138007253408432,
-0.6152355074882507,
0.6617556214332581,
0.008963381871581078,
-0.41423022747039795,
0.2752993106842041,
0.08692578226327896,
-0.6949519515037537,
-0.5435669422149658,
-0.012508335523307323,
-0.5477452278137207,
-0.11184962838888168,
-0.29349929094314575,
-0.724661648273468,
-0.6007175445556641,
0.5856829881668091,
0.14430707693099976,
-0.937404990196228,
1.0427535772323608,
-0.6303370594978333,
-0.30241066217422485,
0.40989193320274353,
-0.12942181527614594,
-0.07338641583919525,
-0.28494080901145935,
-0.02200244553387165,
-0.11174944788217545,
0.018142065033316612,
0.6004478931427002,
-0.09860493242740631,
0.2575181722640991,
0.6742197275161743,
0.36769700050354004,
-0.8284540772438049,
-0.3834345042705536,
-0.4283946752548218,
0.9631462097167969,
-0.1763567477464676,
-1.0167104005813599,
0.605787992477417,
0.950777530670166,
-0.5294287800788879,
-1.0139003992080688,
-0.12191946059465408,
1.2060043811798096,
0.0065334453247487545,
-0.16199666261672974,
0.5938023924827576,
0.31486666202545166,
0.2549893856048584,
0.5529404878616333,
-0.036909595131874084,
-0.047812569886446,
-0.2011626660823822,
0.6402868032455444,
-0.3919556438922882,
0.14928187429904938,
-0.76694256067276,
0.9866486191749573,
-0.9070378541946411,
-0.5906820297241211,
0.22533155977725983,
0.1506902277469635,
0.5135999917984009,
-0.3626939058303833,
0.3518664538860321,
-0.05657428503036499,
-1.036932110786438,
0.024428755044937134,
0.206696018576622,
-0.6972628831863403,
-0.511802613735199,
-0.05351364240050316,
0.13682708144187927,
0.33005228638648987,
-0.7520334720611572,
-0.6573650240898132,
0.16897927224636078,
-0.9011831879615784,
0.34003135561943054,
-0.43556737899780273,
0.23634596168994904,
-0.18635597825050354,
-0.7596873641014099,
-0.1610579639673233,
0.4202102720737457,
0.052172351628541946,
0.17438334226608276,
-0.41325676441192627,
-0.05211855098605156,
-1.4034628868103027,
0.8286725282669067,
-0.40904688835144043,
-0.7211860418319702,
0.6758182644844055,
-0.2607629597187042,
-0.20666629076004028,
-0.6169875860214233,
0.4080558121204376,
0.5268879532814026,
-0.06119696423411369,
-0.0637141615152359,
0.5154815912246704,
0.9176878929138184,
-0.15461225807666779,
-0.006456461269408464,
0.45237910747528076,
-0.4180566072463989,
0.2578895390033722,
0.2971489131450653,
0.0691535621881485,
0.6958903074264526,
0.8759468793869019,
0.6890065670013428,
-0.40488401055336,
1.3079687356948853,
0.15021099150180817,
0.7934681177139282,
-0.09698563069105148,
-0.26677724719047546,
-0.025899916887283325,
-1.3586634397506714,
-0.5700196027755737,
0.19858472049236298,
-0.6301238536834717,
-0.3691155016422272,
-0.018843740224838257,
-0.3114668130874634,
-0.4762207567691803,
0.6219664216041565,
-0.23915675282478333,
0.30778294801712036,
0.5756098031997681,
0.12235410511493683,
-0.32461321353912354,
-0.574338436126709,
-0.0025880683679133654,
0.3338179588317871,
0.22037635743618011,
-0.8776590824127197,
-0.11708740890026093,
0.05765621364116669,
-0.4203318655490875,
-0.9234573841094971,
-0.5997613072395325,
0.3817588984966278,
0.513389527797699,
-0.5297554135322571,
-0.47533705830574036,
0.14953632652759552,
0.036824967712163925,
-0.17159096896648407,
0.7128307819366455,
0.11368180811405182,
0.2931256592273712,
-0.25684216618537903,
0.8961554765701294,
-0.3046640157699585,
-0.4482794404029846,
1.1124948263168335,
0.16649489104747772,
0.109039306640625,
0.45036765933036804,
0.2628527879714966,
0.22999823093414307,
0.1010766550898552,
0.2730403244495392,
0.5526304244995117,
-0.1780877709388733,
0.20922726392745972,
0.18378259241580963,
-0.17192517220973969,
-0.3684483468532562,
-0.21912041306495667,
0.39458030462265015,
-0.4099189043045044,
-0.2902888357639313,
-0.22910818457603455,
0.4184955656528473,
-0.37266844511032104,
0.10651761293411255,
0.05422702804207802,
-0.1927710473537445,
-0.4246005713939667,
0.016007592901587486,
0.3897158205509186,
0.2916823625564575,
0.8502426147460938,
0.9926629066467285,
0.30552905797958374,
0.3777427077293396,
0.07090581208467484,
-0.022803623229265213,
-0.18816055357456207,
-0.3994239270687103,
0.5155702233314514,
-0.5557772517204285,
0.6942464709281921,
-0.6231417655944824,
0.7367467880249023,
-0.07768517732620239,
0.7235525250434875,
0.11418149620294571,
0.9409889578819275,
-0.17718136310577393,
-0.26913750171661377,
0.6333461403846741,
-0.2509829103946686,
-0.2886020839214325,
-0.16873174905776978,
-0.093021459877491,
-0.17273873090744019,
0.5218040943145752,
0.5242180228233337,
-0.36089426279067993,
-0.6198906898498535,
0.06832720339298248,
-0.19135984778404236,
-0.8528035283088684,
0.15028460323810577,
0.5582794547080994,
-1.092197060585022,
-0.013127232901751995,
-0.35775431990623474,
-0.7225611209869385,
-0.1103503406047821,
-0.5256139636039734,
1.2937722206115723,
0.6878869533538818,
-0.12549157440662384,
-0.3656417727470398,
-0.07977675646543503,
-0.14275476336479187,
-0.009384743869304657,
0.6709244251251221,
0.5236442685127258,
-0.9307043552398682,
-0.8676475882530212,
-0.4419262111186981,
0.7113870978355408,
-0.7720491886138916,
-0.5906891226768494,
0.10623593628406525,
-0.21313029527664185,
0.023210087791085243,
-0.0166830662637949,
0.127019464969635,
-0.5641862154006958,
0.5784341096878052,
-0.020221957936882973
]
|
128297 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apex%2C%20North%20Carolina | Apex, North Carolina | Apex () is a town in Wake County, North Carolina, United States. Apex encompasses the community of Friendship at its southern border. In 1994, the downtown area was designated a historic district, and the Apex train depot, built in 1867, is designated a Wake County landmark. The depot location marks the highest point on the old Chatham Railroad, hence the town's name. The town motto is "The Peak of Good Living".
In the precolonial era, the town's area was inhabited by the Tuscarora tribe of Native Americans. In the late 19th century a small community developed around the railroad station. The forests were cleared for farmland, much of which was dedicated to tobacco farming. Since Apex was near the state capital, it became a trading center. The railroad shipped products such as lumber, tar, and tobacco. The town was officially incorporated in 1873. By 1900 the town had a population of 349. The 2019 Census estimate places the population at 59,300.
The population boom occurred primarily in the late 1990s. The Research Triangle Park, established in the 1960s, created strong demand for technology workers. Apex began appearing on Best Place to Live lists starting in 2007 and steadily climbed the charts until reaching the #1 spot in 2015. This also drove population growth. Apex is currently the eighteenth largest municipality in North Carolina.
Geography
The town is a suburb of both Raleigh and RTP. It is situated to the southwest of Raleigh with direct highway access via US 1. Apex is south of RTP with direct highway access via NC 540. Apex crests the watersheds of both the Neuse and Cape Fear rivers. Neighboring towns include Cary to the north and northeast, Holly Springs to the south, and Raleigh to the east and northeast.
History
The town of Apex was incorporated in 1873. According to the North Carolina History Project, the town was named for its location as the highest point on a portion of the Chatham Railroad which ultimately extends between Richmond, Virginia, and Jacksonville, Florida. According to a 1905 USGS publication on place names, the name refers to the highest point between Raleigh and the Deep River.
Apex grew slowly through the succeeding decades, despite several devastating fires, including a June 12, 1911, conflagration, that destroyed most of the downtown business district. The town center was rebuilt and stands to this day, now one of the most intact railroad towns in the state. At the heart of town stands the Apex Union Depot, originally a passenger station for the Seaboard Air Line Railroad and later home to the locally supported Apex Community Library. The depot now houses the Apex Chamber of Commerce.
Apex suffered mild setbacks during the Depression-era, but growth began again in earnest in the 1950s. The town's proximity to North Carolina's Research Triangle Park spurred additional residential development, yet the town managed to preserve its small-town character. During the 1990s, the town's population quadrupled to over 20,000, placing new demands upon Apex's infrastructure.
Apex has continued to grow in recent years. A sizable shopping center was built at the intersection of Highway 55 and US 64, and several new neighborhoods have been built as the town grows toward the west.
In October 2006, a chemical explosion and fire in a waste processing facility prompted one of the largest evacuations in U.S. history. There were few serious injuries, and residents were soon able to return home. In 2009, a federal court approved a $7.85M settlement to compensate Apex residents affected by the disaster. Each household received $750. Businesses received $2,200.
In August 2015, Time ranked Apex #1 on its list of the nation's top places to live. In July 2018, Realtor.com ranked Apex the #1 Fastest Growing Suburb in America.
In addition to the Apex Union Depot, the Apex City Hall, Apex Historic District, Calvin Wray Lawrence House, and Utley-Council House are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Government
Apex's Council-Manager form of government has a mayor and five council members (one of whom serves as Mayor pro tem) who are each elected at-large in staggered four-year terms. The town's attorney and manager serve at the pleasure of the council. All the other staff report to the town manager and manage the town's day-to-day business.
The town is led by Mayor Jacques K. Gilbert, elected in 2019. The council members, in order of tenure, are: Brett D. Gantt (2017), Audra M. Killingsworth (2017), Terry J. Mahaffey (2019), Cheryl F. Stallings (2019), and Ed Gray.
In the North Carolina House of Representatives, Apex is represented by Julie von Haefen (District 36), Erin ParΓ© (District 37), and Gale Adcock (District 41). In the North Carolina Senate, Apex is represented by Sydney Batch (District 17). In the United States House of Representatives Apex is represented by Deborah Ross (NC-02) and David Price (NC-04).
Demographics
2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 58,780 people, 18,197 households, and 14,027 families residing in the town.
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 37,476 people, 13,225 households, and 9,959 families residing in the town. The population density was 2,437.9 people per square mile. There were 13,922 housing units at an average density of 905.8 per square mile. The racial makeup of the town was 69% White, 7% African American, 12% Asian, 3% from other races, and 9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 8% of the population.
There were 18,197 total households in Apex in 2019. Of these, 14,027 (77%) were family households, out of which 46% had children under the age of 18 living with them. 63% of the family households were married couples living together, and 11% had a female householder with no husband present. There were 4,170 nonfamily households in Apex, comprising 23% of total households. The average household size was 3.12 and the average family size was 2.81.
In 2019 the Census Bureau estimated the town population's ages as 31% under the age of 20, 15% from 20 to 34, 36% from 35 to 54, and 14% from 55 to 74, and 3% of age 75 or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 96 males.
The median income (in 2019 dollars) for a household in the town was $111,435. (2019 estimate). The per capita income for the town was $51,370.
About 1.5% are below the poverty threshold (2019 estimate).
Economy
Top employers
According to the 2020 Comprehensive Financial Report for Apex, these were the town's top employers:
Schools
Apex's public schools are operated by the Wake County Public School System.
There are over 4,000 students enrolled in two public high schools in Apex:
Apex Friendship High School
Apex High School
Public middle schools include:
Apex Friendship Middle School
Apex Middle School
Lufkin Road Middle School
Salem Middle School
Public elementary schools include:
Apex Elementary School
A.V. Baucom Elementary
Laurel Park Elementary
Olive Chapel Elementary
Salem Elementary School
Scotts Ridge Elementary School
West Lake Elementary School
White Oak Elementary School
Private schools:
Peace Montessori School
St. Mary Magdalene Catholic School
Thales Academy of Apex
Charter Schools:
Peak Charter Academy
Infrastructure
Transportation
Roads
, , and are the major roads through Apex.
The Triangle Expressway southwestern section () is a toll road connecting to . This is a partially completed loop road around the greater Raleigh area.
The Apex Peakway is a loop road orbiting downtown Apex. The Peakway was conceived as a means to relieve traffic in the downtown area and provide a bypass for commuters traveling from one side of the town to the other. It is currently the only "peakway" in North Carolina, taking its name from Apex's town motto: "The Peak of Good Living." When finished, the Apex Peakway will be long; so far have been constructed.
Transit
Air: is on approximately 12 miles north of downtown Apex. is to the south on , 22 miles from downtown.
Rail:Apex is not served directly by passenger trains. Amtrak serves the nearby municipalities of Cary and Raleigh. CSX manages a freight train switch yard in the center of Apex.
Bus: The Triangle Transit Authority operates buses that serve the region and connect to municipal bus systems in Raleigh, Durham, and Chapel Hill. Greyhound has terminals in Raleigh and Durham.
Bicycle
U.S. Bicycle Route 1 routes through downtown Apex.
North Carolina Bicycle Route 5 connects Apex to Wilmington and closely parallels the NCBC Randonneurs 600 kilometer brevet route.
There are numerous greenway trails including the Beaver Creek Trail and the American Tobacco Trail popular with cyclists.
Utilities
Apex Utilities provides water/sewer, electricity, garbage, recycling, and yard waste pickup. Natural Gas is provided by PSNC.
Health care
Emergency, primary, and specialist care is provided at the WakeMed Apex Healthplex.
Fire
Fire protection is provided by the Apex Fire Department.
Police
Police service is provided by the Apex Police Department.
Parks and recreation
The Apex Parks, Recreation & Cultural Resources department manages many parks, greenways, and sport programs, and even a skate park near downtown.
Major parks include:
Apex Community Park
Apex Jaycee Park
Hunter Street Park & Trackside Skate Plaza
Kelly Road Park
Nature Park & Seymour Athletic Fields
Salem Pond Park
Pleasant Park, which is in development and for which land has already been bought, is scheduled to open in Fall of 2022.
There are both youth and adult sport programs:
There are both youth and adult sport programs:
Baseball
Basketball
Lacrosse
Soccer
Softball
Tennis
Volleyball
Arts and culture
Apex PeakFest is the community's annual festival held on the first Saturday in May. The downtown area is closed off and over 200 vendors provide food, arts & crafts, rides, and other entertainment.
The Halle Cultural Arts Center provides a theater, classroom, and gallery spaces. It was built as the Town Hall in 1912.
Notable people
Wes Durham, sportscaster
Tim Federowicz, MLB player
Seth Frankoff, MLB player
Randi Griffin, ice hockey player who competed in the 2018 Winter Olympics as part of the Unified Korea women's national team
Susan Higginbotham, American historical fiction author and attorney
C. J. Hunter, 1999 World Champion shot putter and later coach
Justin Jedlica, known as the Human Ken Doll
Matt Mangini, former MLB player for the Seattle Mariners
Sio Moore, former NFL player for the Oakland Raiders, Indianapolis Colts, Kansas City Chiefs, and Arizona Cardinals
Landon Powell, former MLB player for the Oakland Athletics
Julia Montgomery Street, American poet, playwright and author
William Wynn, NFL defensive end
References
External links
Official town of Apex website
Apex Chamber of Commerce
Towns in North Carolina
Towns in Wake County, North Carolina
Populated places established in 1873
1873 establishments in North Carolina | [
-0.5931271910667419,
0.3315131664276123,
0.08930140733718872,
-0.30635640025138855,
0.7464847564697266,
0.17243559658527374,
0.3803068995475769,
0.5820153951644897,
-0.8682888150215149,
0.1137433797121048,
-0.3981727063655853,
0.3929774761199951,
-0.829548716545105,
0.49647119641304016,
-0.8302357196807861,
0.6241105794906616,
0.27363651990890503,
0.500928521156311,
-0.24672608077526093,
-0.720797598361969,
0.21342650055885315,
-0.5372019410133362,
0.3038252592086792,
0.8164853453636169,
0.6527256369590759,
0.4333035945892334,
0.4348163902759552,
-0.1606339067220688,
0.1450125277042389,
0.2191646844148636,
-0.4298036992549896,
0.28929823637008667,
-0.484264999628067,
-0.09470973163843155,
-0.061019252985715866,
-0.03575978800654411,
-0.013931491412222385,
0.3156430721282959,
0.37053990364074707,
-0.08713842928409576,
-0.3177284002304077,
0.013055694289505482,
0.1282801479101181,
-0.03398527577519417,
0.4959876835346222,
-0.6133199334144592,
-1.704704761505127,
0.2143409550189972,
-1.0013046264648438,
-0.7896236181259155,
-0.5772185325622559,
0.5195690989494324,
-0.3968949019908905,
0.7553106546401978,
0.5667564868927002,
0.042524684220552444,
-0.17244894802570343,
0.17495998740196228,
0.9577063918113708,
0.4174482226371765,
-0.13374733924865723,
0.5553185939788818,
0.13882550597190857,
0.023094741627573967,
0.05756858363747597,
0.14437279105186462,
-0.03770042955875397,
0.4706937372684479,
0.038648899644613266,
-0.18700368702411652,
-0.07550355792045593,
-0.08680101484060287,
-0.19914545118808746,
-0.15352079272270203,
0.035021502524614334,
0.7339334487915039,
-0.20414797961711884,
0.10451044142246246,
0.26838162541389465,
0.19532588124275208,
0.6708168387413025,
0.03743666782975197,
0.9257685542106628,
-0.05503413826227188,
0.47690120339393616,
0.7172545790672302,
-0.9365108013153076,
0.5174734592437744,
0.4160144329071045,
0.30129194259643555,
-0.39846912026405334,
0.31490543484687805,
-0.11586546152830124,
0.3241296410560608,
0.42527008056640625,
-0.20227329432964325,
-0.17074459791183472,
0.2043609470129013,
-0.3751453459262848,
0.5921706557273865,
-0.2962924540042877,
0.32544609904289246,
1.0011491775512695,
-0.20108604431152344,
0.18841734528541565,
-0.06797847151756287,
-0.6128401756286621,
-0.0944867879152298,
-0.08016213029623032,
-0.1370513141155243,
-1.0705323219299316,
0.3319239020347595,
0.011047777719795704,
-0.837472677230835,
-0.6698039174079895,
0.3468024432659149,
0.3431153893470764,
-0.4349376857280731,
0.13689561188220978,
0.09852529317140579,
0.1841685175895691,
0.6596019268035889,
-0.4971558153629303,
0.5257245302200317,
-0.01893918588757515,
0.2923218011856079,
0.029234642162919044,
-0.015645669773221016,
0.0505572110414505,
0.9378107190132141,
-0.5835777521133423,
0.3016699552536011,
0.23694412410259247,
0.7977222204208374,
0.2025872766971588,
-0.43979042768478394,
0.06953656673431396,
0.15820536017417908,
0.8841766715049744,
0.023027712479233742,
-1.043197512626648,
-0.17104807496070862,
-0.6831172108650208,
-0.41978713870048523,
-0.18487191200256348,
-0.7255522608757019,
-0.3694550693035126,
-0.21642883121967316,
0.22158576548099518,
0.17061248421669006,
0.155008003115654,
0.14682316780090332,
-0.21640180051326752,
-0.01052088476717472,
-0.28052493929862976,
-0.04506194218993187,
0.8434893488883972,
0.02386762574315071,
0.10116399824619293,
0.16121043264865875,
0.004477078560739756,
0.7225477695465088,
0.7326199412345886,
0.016766460612416267,
0.5638746619224548,
0.05277426540851593,
0.8828824162483215,
-0.8545409440994263,
0.5480040907859802,
0.49904105067253113,
-0.5687562823295593,
0.6211826801300049,
0.5093396902084351,
-0.23936626315116882,
0.2689301669597626,
-0.5625998377799988,
0.8027153611183167,
-0.060967739671468735,
0.12325701862573624,
-0.03114364854991436,
-0.6432238817214966,
0.17420558631420135,
0.42851853370666504,
-0.16737908124923706,
-0.15934355556964874,
0.5809776186943054,
0.4701515734195709,
-0.10911929607391357,
-0.6096549034118652,
-0.49401718378067017,
0.20831170678138733,
-0.5459839105606079,
0.20949414372444153,
-0.08467168360948563,
0.5665123462677002,
0.03941528499126434,
-0.6122475862503052,
0.480693519115448,
-0.2163032442331314,
0.28423699736595154,
0.540022075176239,
-0.19499829411506653,
0.4034227728843689,
-0.35924580693244934,
-0.15576966106891632,
0.5228195190429688,
0.3215724527835846,
-0.17747366428375244,
-0.22742018103599548,
0.29912087321281433,
-0.344165176153183,
-1.3086600303649902,
0.10528157651424408,
0.539668619632721,
-0.6127411127090454,
-0.5714466571807861,
-0.3640180826187134,
-0.05720629170536995,
0.5318527221679688,
-0.13750943541526794,
0.4814467132091522,
-0.19374112784862518,
-0.1766345351934433,
-0.3014146387577057,
-0.39398670196533203,
0.9366235136985779,
0.0829911157488823,
0.11291064321994781,
-0.4462507963180542,
0.35838115215301514,
0.22829779982566833,
0.16756723821163177,
-0.04814038425683975,
-0.40695878863334656,
0.26288360357284546,
0.0758405327796936,
-0.1961970180273056,
-0.6362127065658569,
0.4311380088329315,
-0.28518420457839966,
-0.16412898898124695,
0.6278777718544006,
-1.0561338663101196,
0.1772918850183487,
0.03043273650109768,
-0.12184277176856995,
-0.29654958844184875,
-0.20290645956993103,
0.17260120809078217,
0.026111530140042305,
-0.1855897456407547,
-0.2010292112827301,
0.2164061814546585,
0.37275004386901855,
-0.012801568023860455,
0.06866863369941711,
-0.3108501136302948,
0.3641717731952667,
0.4822186827659607,
0.015377252362668514,
-0.36115962266921997,
0.06918641179800034,
-0.24607880413532257,
-0.08510997891426086,
0.1653783768415451,
-0.37867218255996704,
-0.2720782160758972,
0.017209434881806374,
0.08574670553207397,
0.5709851980209351,
0.4796210825443268,
-0.5740041732788086,
0.37779611349105835,
-0.18727892637252808,
0.590388298034668,
0.004237633664160967,
-0.11359546333551407,
-0.24186553061008453,
-0.9428746104240417,
-0.07192292809486389,
0.18070942163467407,
0.9103029370307922,
-0.0585765577852726,
0.02695959433913231,
0.3528973162174225,
-0.9465057253837585,
1.464299201965332,
-0.5756615996360779,
-0.37375766038894653,
-0.03925511986017227,
-0.35087791085243225,
-0.2031586468219757,
-0.32222992181777954,
0.8707191944122314,
-0.17399942874908447,
0.579719603061676,
-0.01273303385823965,
0.07476238906383514,
0.04242221638560295,
-0.7845132946968079,
-0.389198899269104,
0.291106641292572,
-0.5212467908859253,
0.20811136066913605,
0.4527418315410614,
-0.3970094621181488,
0.22174949944019318,
-0.28688982129096985,
-4.815892219543457,
0.3910994827747345,
-0.4033292531967163,
-0.22073227167129517,
0.12684333324432373,
-0.32242098450660706,
0.41095849871635437,
-0.2272007167339325,
-0.32176169753074646,
0.678379237651825,
-0.03992380574345589,
-0.1877356767654419,
-0.04871530458331108,
0.7636180520057678,
0.40261638164520264,
0.6925137639045715,
0.6717061400413513,
-0.41742193698883057,
0.9102530479431152,
0.4132993817329407,
-0.34245067834854126,
-0.23792527616024017,
-0.10570230334997177,
-0.2739018499851227,
0.5907593965530396,
0.6776916980743408,
-0.13297051191329956,
-0.3599226176738739,
-0.06597430258989334,
0.008808556012809277,
0.1824377477169037,
-0.2334289848804474,
-0.9376087188720703,
-0.3149722218513489,
0.5085843801498413,
-0.4462931752204895,
0.15545052289962769,
-0.20974180102348328,
0.34216058254241943,
-0.2763504385948181,
0.3733177185058594,
0.4713740944862366,
-0.9436160326004028,
-0.3815787434577942,
0.8949730396270752,
-0.5673269033432007,
-0.23580260574817657,
-0.03345244750380516,
-0.17198391258716583,
0.5178528428077698,
0.11893995851278305,
-0.25743135809898376,
0.4675105810165405,
0.09373047202825546,
0.5220261812210083,
0.10573475807905197,
0.4584891200065613,
-0.21518953144550323,
-0.30770355463027954,
1.2472155094146729,
0.12225611507892609,
-0.7379329204559326,
-0.31510162353515625,
0.25623634457588196,
-0.09211059659719467,
-0.14186859130859375,
0.2514110505580902,
0.09841267019510269,
0.5117309093475342,
-0.14608335494995117,
0.4980852007865906,
0.03523368015885353,
-0.22716179490089417,
-0.6413965821266174,
0.1729717254638672,
-0.46923214197158813,
-0.5203806757926941,
-0.34084585309028625,
-0.8365205526351929,
-0.07513076066970825,
0.09207732230424881,
0.3009802997112274,
0.7709174752235413,
0.558201789855957,
0.20411379635334015,
-0.0763370543718338,
-0.6077709197998047,
0.6850019097328186,
-0.4394283890724182,
-0.47021207213401794,
0.09668731689453125,
-0.11697603017091751,
0.5232434272766113,
-0.0975898802280426,
0.07694104313850403,
0.1548670381307602,
0.1849082112312317,
0.0016350903315469623,
-0.09894318133592606,
-0.5770319104194641,
0.2799520790576935,
-0.5741577744483948,
0.3425813913345337,
-0.12635667622089386,
-0.32906925678253174,
-0.40743279457092285,
0.25656452775001526,
0.18538923561573029,
0.5959537029266357,
-0.6713035702705383,
-0.4493864178657532,
-0.17373771965503693,
-0.37562882900238037,
-0.030604373663663864,
0.6011080741882324,
-0.6417014002799988,
0.044527582824230194,
0.6324021816253662,
0.09214698523283005,
-0.01475878618657589,
-0.12659400701522827,
-0.18670189380645752,
-0.40397751331329346,
-0.24591782689094543,
-0.5500849485397339,
-0.5209779739379883,
0.6549255847930908,
0.10435909032821655,
-0.7991510629653931,
0.5364452600479126,
-0.5002525448799133,
-0.15734386444091797,
-0.5704759955406189,
0.005246241111308336,
-0.4856569170951843,
-0.28434959053993225,
-0.35185036063194275,
-1.0957192182540894,
0.08877106755971909,
0.4427364468574524,
0.5164180994033813,
0.22191032767295837,
-0.49373021721839905,
0.3185715079307556,
0.18731285631656647,
-0.07310836762189865,
0.5876358151435852,
0.04806936904788017,
-0.8075515627861023,
0.20751936733722687,
-0.3448639214038849,
-0.6117399334907532,
-0.5995148420333862,
-0.9071879386901855,
0.13397876918315887,
0.1931731402873993,
0.6753350496292114,
0.3775724470615387,
0.17547748982906342,
-0.4250718951225281,
0.40166276693344116,
0.011971172876656055,
-0.8818716406822205,
0.6974897384643555,
0.07175958156585693,
-0.02830640599131584,
-0.873917281627655,
0.1759473979473114,
-0.3258327841758728,
-0.16151918470859528,
0.837079644203186,
-0.9139227867126465,
-0.11239168047904968,
-0.3975127339363098,
0.20142827928066254,
-0.3995397984981537,
0.033051587641239166,
0.20801705121994019,
-0.3287939429283142,
-0.44152161478996277,
-0.20247307419776917,
-0.4031130075454712,
-1.1039977073669434,
-0.2292758673429489,
-0.05574909970164299,
-0.2604469358921051,
-0.28704196214675903,
-0.34728240966796875,
0.2640624940395355,
-0.36096182465553284,
-0.3427654802799225,
-0.7941243052482605,
0.2902199625968933,
0.082634337246418,
0.07899957150220871,
-0.3311161994934082,
0.7673390507698059,
-1.0765931606292725,
-0.36861661076545715,
-0.6787832379341125,
-0.07823460549116135,
0.3151034116744995,
-0.15792334079742432,
0.7523893713951111,
-0.3048979640007019,
-1.0015898942947388,
0.323811411857605,
0.47152164578437805,
-0.8945273756980896,
1.2381470203399658,
-0.06498194485902786,
-0.6588677167892456,
0.947653591632843,
0.7857346534729004,
-0.2957805097103119,
0.2174099236726761,
0.4541291892528534,
0.1254378855228424,
-0.4831845164299011,
0.28237462043762207,
-0.5997365713119507,
0.1849268227815628,
-0.22061045467853546,
-0.5421258807182312,
-0.5503164529800415,
0.8296192288398743,
0.4566577672958374,
-0.4389438331127167,
1.490106225013733,
-0.7048389911651611,
-0.23381046950817108,
0.4569883942604065,
-0.10902313143014908,
0.4389220178127289,
-0.16980676352977753,
-0.10322865843772888,
-0.5300425291061401,
-0.6506472826004028,
0.29587146639823914,
-0.25342434644699097,
0.3415214419364929,
0.5125682950019836,
0.5419483184814453,
-0.47895702719688416,
-0.2609248459339142,
-0.04239373281598091,
1.046584129333496,
0.1617564707994461,
-1.05459725856781,
0.5307285785675049,
0.6356789469718933,
-0.5951555371284485,
-0.9607778191566467,
0.20142687857151031,
0.9381890296936035,
-0.09765647351741791,
0.04229862242937088,
0.506693422794342,
-0.062128227204084396,
-0.19946838915348053,
0.28631189465522766,
0.17070914804935455,
0.355320006608963,
-0.27814409136772156,
0.3350902795791626,
-0.4588324725627899,
-0.18065707385540009,
-0.017120568081736565,
0.622344970703125,
-0.2424357831478119,
-0.37548017501831055,
-0.06125460937619209,
-0.009770919568836689,
0.5155821442604065,
-0.6063438057899475,
0.3726038336753845,
-0.053245291113853455,
-0.7340507507324219,
0.12747147679328918,
0.5936736464500427,
-0.5819375514984131,
-0.500251054763794,
-0.2794383466243744,
-0.4516336917877197,
0.19238154590129852,
-0.9415620565414429,
0.28507450222969055,
0.33780166506767273,
-0.3386848568916321,
0.22897878289222717,
-0.3103470802307129,
0.1162911206483841,
0.3146221339702606,
-1.018975853919983,
-0.43969348073005676,
0.6025819182395935,
0.14314837753772736,
0.4984913170337677,
0.19245459139347076,
0.16054946184158325,
-1.5920518636703491,
0.7955492734909058,
-0.8239315748214722,
-0.5719720721244812,
-0.010386576876044273,
-0.35698243975639343,
-0.6740373373031616,
-0.5729379057884216,
0.4285602569580078,
-0.0009533291449770331,
-0.32931679487228394,
-0.29625067114830017,
0.23378992080688477,
1.2013310194015503,
-0.2739127576351166,
0.5321553945541382,
0.6445972323417664,
-0.48610547184944153,
-0.08968978375196457,
0.5461809039115906,
-0.16301193833351135,
0.7415494322776794,
0.8111501336097717,
0.7605181932449341,
0.20859414339065552,
0.9521188139915466,
0.034985776990652084,
0.7818907499313354,
-0.6835051774978638,
0.14069093763828278,
0.08038554340600967,
-1.1321603059768677,
-0.5929795503616333,
0.3433297872543335,
-0.6248401999473572,
-0.651188313961029,
-0.020343400537967682,
-0.6358139514923096,
-0.6618820428848267,
0.4347107410430908,
0.18632423877716064,
0.5638275146484375,
0.35054975748062134,
0.07659421861171722,
-0.0766981691122055,
-0.5420559644699097,
-0.04388396069407463,
0.512631893157959,
0.24861028790473938,
-0.7783728241920471,
-0.18174639344215393,
0.04949220269918442,
-0.010638377629220486,
-0.6154501438140869,
-0.6243077516555786,
0.11065252125263214,
0.8501359224319458,
-0.441252738237381,
-0.9246110916137695,
-0.23251314461231232,
-0.15086819231510162,
-0.021646371111273766,
1.0315992832183838,
0.4598507881164551,
-0.31875354051589966,
0.3059840202331543,
0.7791194319725037,
0.4362329840660095,
-0.510183572769165,
0.6850347518920898,
0.3723117411136627,
0.05560879781842232,
0.5602585077285767,
0.7421324253082275,
0.07676350325345993,
0.6407424211502075,
-0.22490666806697845,
0.742595911026001,
-0.21100479364395142,
0.0009083226323127747,
0.1944802850484848,
-0.36099764704704285,
-0.3117145001888275,
-0.48674026131629944,
0.41400274634361267,
-0.4504193961620331,
-0.08365451544523239,
-0.04113175347447395,
0.29039454460144043,
0.10649741441011429,
-0.3812388777732849,
0.0368649922311306,
-0.24053575098514557,
0.00601537898182869,
0.26716190576553345,
0.08264683187007904,
0.19963853061199188,
0.7844154238700867,
0.4036487936973572,
0.3540542721748352,
0.756230890750885,
0.37766754627227783,
-0.01838821731507778,
-0.31828242540359497,
-0.017421536147594452,
0.3111184537410736,
-0.381160706281662,
0.427694171667099,
-0.9013857841491699,
0.21018752455711365,
0.151243194937706,
0.5246104598045349,
-0.1703246384859085,
0.6747165322303772,
0.05247834324836731,
0.0354020930826664,
0.39790260791778564,
-0.24440935254096985,
-0.6661316752433777,
-0.08443834632635117,
-0.020717157050967216,
-0.19032487273216248,
0.2526569962501526,
0.5734069347381592,
0.244987353682518,
-0.193744957447052,
0.09821035712957382,
-0.506298303604126,
-0.8552376627922058,
0.1354421079158783,
0.09278623014688492,
-1.033016324043274,
0.11704406142234802,
0.004757414106279612,
-0.2931501567363739,
-0.555291473865509,
-0.1146850660443306,
1.3627930879592896,
0.47419413924217224,
-0.790692150592804,
-0.37055420875549316,
-0.12653690576553345,
-0.2450575977563858,
-0.13901033997535706,
0.02244468592107296,
0.030721275135874748,
-1.0647392272949219,
-1.1604424715042114,
-0.07294116914272308,
0.38877546787261963,
-0.4242779612541199,
-0.8491350412368774,
0.17129600048065186,
-0.16709451377391815,
0.032740626484155655,
0.0024358907248824835,
-0.21424637734889984,
-0.37280043959617615,
0.27850911021232605,
-0.131783127784729
]
|
128298 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuquay-Varina%2C%20North%20Carolina | Fuquay-Varina, North Carolina | Fuquay-Varina ( ) is a town in southern Wake County, North Carolina, United States, lying south of Holly Springs and southwest of Garner, and north of the Harnett County town of Angier and west of the unincorporated community of Willow Springs. The population was 17,937 at the 2010 census, and estimated at 30,324 as of July 2019. The hyphenated name attests to the town's history as two separate towns. Fuquay Springs and Varina merged in 1963 to create the modern town. Economically, the town initially grew due to tobacco trade and agriculture, but has seen recent population growth and real estate development due to its proximity to Research Triangle Park.
Geography
Fuquay-Varina is located at (35.591969, -78.788746).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which is land and , or 0.51%, is water.
Fuquay-Varina is located in the northeast central region of North Carolina, where the North American Piedmont and Atlantic Coastal Plain regions meet. This area is known as the "Fall Line" because it marks the elevation inland at which waterfalls begin to appear in creeks and rivers. Its central Piedmont location situates Fuquay-Varina approximately three hours west of Atlantic Beach by car and four hours east of the Great Smoky Mountains.
Climate
Fuquay-Varina enjoys a moderate subtropical climate, with moderate temperatures in the spring, fall, and winter. Summers are typically hot with high humidity. Winter highs generally range in the low 50sΒ°F (10 to 13Β Β°C) with lows in the low-to-mid 30sΒ°F (-2 to 2Β Β°C), although an occasional 60Β Β°F (15Β Β°C) or warmer winter day may occur. Spring and fall days usually reach the low-to-mid 70sΒ°F (low 20sΒ°C), with lows at night in the lower 50sΒ°F (10 to 14Β Β°C). Summer daytime highs often reach the upper 80s to low 90sΒ°F (29 to 35Β Β°C). The rainiest month is November.
History
Early history
Frenchman William Fuquay first settled in the small farming town of Sippihaw, named for the original Native American tribe that inhabited the area. Although there is no history of a tribe called Sippihaw, there are historical accounts in the area of a tribe called Susippihaw. In the mid-19th century while plowing the fields of the family plantation tobacco farmer Stephen Fuquay, great-grandson of William, discovered a spring. Originally the spring was used solely for drinking water. Stephen soon came to the conclusion that the mineral water flowing from the springs had healing properties. As word spread, locals began to help the springs establish this reputation, which brought residents from neighboring communities and counties to its waters. The springs were eventually walled in to better serve the tourists coming to the area by road or rail. In 1860, Fuquay sold the springs to a group of local investors who formed the Chalybeate Springs Company to market the attraction and its waters.
At that time another Sippihaw resident, J. D. "Squire" Ballentine, was returning home from the Civil War. Ballentine had been the town's schoolmaster before going off to fight for the Confederate Army. During his tour of duty, he had received letters from one of many southern ladies who wrote to the troops to improve their morale. Originally signing her name "Varina", perhaps an homage to the wife of Jefferson Davis, Virginia Avery would later meet and fall in love with Ballentine. He continued to call her Varina throughout their life together. When he became the first postmaster at the new post office in town in 1880, he named it "Varina" in her honor. A community grew just south of the springs, near the post office and the couple's Varina Mercantile Company general store. In time, it adopted the same name. Ballentine's business success allowed him to construct the Ballentine Spence House in 1910, the first house to have plumbing and electricity in the area. This house, a local historic landmark, still stands today.
Growth around the start of the 20th century
The Fuquay Mineral Spring's popularity grew in the 1890s and around the start of the 20th century as local businessman John Mills developed the idea to offer "Moonlight Excursions" to the springs. He fitted flat rail cars with seats and offered nighttime train trips to southern Wake County from Raleigh. As more guests came to the springs to "take the waters", a group of small hotels sprung up in town, along with restaurants, barbecue stands, and a dance pavilion with a player piano. The town became a tourist destination and was the site of special celebrations on Fourths of July and Easter Mondays. During these events, residents of Raleigh would take the train down to watch the accompanying baseball games and participate in the dances and celebrations. Hotels like the Ben Wiley Hotel catered to the out-of-towners and became as much a center of town life as the springs. In 1902, Sippihaw was renamed "Fuquay Springs" in honor of its founding family and was officially incorporated in 1909.
When it was incorporated, the new Fuquay Springs town limits included the core of the neighboring town of Varina, consisting of its business district and the rail junction of the Cape Fear and Northern Railway and the Norfolk Southern Railway. But Varina reestablished itself the following year when the Varina Union Station was erected and a new post office was created, spurred by the lobbying of Ballentine. Four years later, the Bank of Varina was established, competing directly with the Bank of Fuquay (now Fidelity Bank). Several warehouses for the growing tobacco business were built in town over the next few years, capitalizing on the railroad connections. Another supply store and a knitting factory followed. As Varina came into its own as a hub for area agriculture, the Fuquay Springs Corporation was formed and began bottling and selling mineral water from the springs commercially. Area businesses continued to develop and, in 1927, U.S. Route 401 was paved through town, shortening travel times to Raleigh and nearby communities.
Unification and the present
By this time, Fuquay Springs and Varina had become major trading hubs for southern Wake County as well as neighboring Harnett and Johnston counties. Yet improvements to automobiles and area roads caused a decline in tourism at the springs. Rather than visiting the springs, residents in the region chose to visit the coast as travel times decreased. During this time, however, the tobacco industry continued to drive the area economy, with five warehouses, a cotton buyer, and fifteen stores established by the end of the 1920s. The shared emphasis on agricultural and industrial growth brought the towns to a shared vision, and as their residents worked, played, and attended church together, the towns merged into Fuquay-Varina in 1963.
While development in the area today includes numerous residential communities and commercial sites along the major roadways into town, many of the older structures from its past remain within the town limits. The Victorian, Craftsman, and Colonial Revival homes constructed in the late 19th century and early 20th century are contributing structures to the Fuquay Springs Historic District, while the downtown shops and businesses are part of the Varina Commercial Historic District. Area landmarks located in these districts include the Ben-Wiley Hotel, the Ballentine-Spence House, and the Dr. Wiley S. Cozart House, built across the street from the springs by the original owner and proprietor of the Ben Wiley. The springs are now contained in a small park developed on the site in 1945 which was handed over to the town in 1998 to maintain as a historic park. Mr. Lexie McLean owned and operated McLean's Grocery on Academy Street for many years. Mr McLean was a community leader and considered a major factor in the growth and development of the Fuquay-Varina area. Mr. Edward N. Farnell was the principal of the Fuquay Spring High School from 1952 through 1967. Mr. Farnell was an important community leader and educator; many of his students went on to become community and state leaders.
From 1970 to 2000, the population more than doubled, growing from 3,576 residents to 7,898. The population more than doubled again between 2000 and 2010, growing to 17,937 at the 2010 census. According to the NC State Data Center, Fuquay-Varina grew 23% from 2000 to 2003, making it the 26th fastest growing community in the state and the 11th fastest for those with populations over 5,000.
The mayor of Fuquay-Varina is Blake Massengill. Prior to being elected as mayor Blake served as Mayor Pro-Tem for six years. Blake was elected in 2021 with 50% of the vote over Bill Harris.
Fuquay-Varina is also the former hometown of internet personalities Rhett McLaughlin and Link Neal, who moved their studio there in 2010, as well as Link who until then lived in Apex, North Carolina.
In addition to the Ben-Wiley Hotel, Fuquay Springs Historic District, and Varina Commercial Historic District, the Fuquay Mineral Spring, Fuquay Springs High School, Fuquay Springs Teacherage, Fuquay-Varina Woman's Club Clubhouse, J. Beale Johnson House, Kemp B. Johnson House, Jones-Johnson-Ballentine Historic District, and Wayland H. and Mamie Burt Stevens House are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Demographics
2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 34,152 people, 9,494 households, and 7,150 families residing in the town.
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 7,898 people, 3,122 households, and 2,126 families residing in the town. The population density was 1,156.0 people per square mile (446.5/km2). There were 3,375 housing units at an average density of 494.0 per square mile (190.8/km2). The racial composition of the town was: 70.63% White, 24.40% Black or African American, 7.38% Hispanic or Latino American, 0.48% Asian American, 0.41% Native American, 0.02% Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, 2.94% some other race, and 1.15% two or more races.
There were 3,122 households, out of which 36.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.8% were married couples living together, 15.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.9% were non-families. 26.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.48 and the average family size was 2.99.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 27.3% under the age of 18, 8.2% from 18 to 24, 35.2% from 25 to 44, 16.3% from 45 to 64, and 13.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.5 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $42,903, and the median income for a family was $49,531. Males had a median income of $35,497 versus $28,551 for females. The per capita income for the town was $20,268. About 9.0% of families and 11.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.3% of those under age 18 and 11.5% of those age 65 or over.
Education
The town is served by seven public schools, administered by the Wake County Public School System. Public schools include Ballentine Elementary School, Fuquay-Varina Elementary School, Lincoln Heights Elementary School, Herbert Akins Road Elementary, Fuquay-Varina Middle School, Fuquay-Varina High School, and South Lakes Elementary School. Southern Wake Academy, a publicly funded charter school serving grades 6 through 12, is also located in Fuquay-Varina. Hilltop Christian School is a private school located in the town.
The area is served by Wake Technical Community College, which is located between Fuquay-Varina and Raleigh. The 2007 enrollment was approximately 57,000 and was projected to grow to 78,000 by 2015.
Transportation
Roads
Two state routes and one U.S. route run through Fuquay Varina. All three routes occupy part of Main Street in the main business district in town, and each goes in a different direction outside of the main business district.
NC 42 enters the town from the west, after traveling through a large sparsely populated rural area including the unincorporated community of Duncan. The next sizable settlement on NC 42 is Sanford, about 25 miles away. After entering the town, it follows Academy Street, which marks the central eastβwest street of the town grid system. After meeting Main Street, NC 42 leaves Academy Street and joins US 401 along North Main Street. After meeting NC 55 at Broad Street just south of Old Varina, the three share North Main Street before NC 55 and NC 42 leave US 401 at the northeastern corner of town. The two routes share pavement only for a few dozen yards before NC 42 splits off in an eastbound direction towards Willow Springs and Cleveland in Johnston County.
NC 55 enters the town from the northwest, entering the town from Holly Springs and forming the main route through the Varina Commercial Historic District, one of the former towns that merged to make Fuquay-Varina. After meeting the other two routes, the three share North Main Street before NC 55 and NC 42 leave US 401 at the northeastern corner of town. The two routes share pavement only for a few dozen yards before NC 55 splits to the south and heads towards the unincorporated community of Kennebec and from then on to Angier.
US 401 enters the town from the south, after traveling through northern Harnett County from Lillington. Forming the main thoroughfare through the Fuquay Springs Historic District, one of the former towns that merged to make Fuquay Varina, following South Main Street. After meeting NC 42 at Academy Street and NC 55, the three routes follow North Main Street through town before NC 42 and NC 55 leave towards the southeast, and US 401 heads northeast towards Garner.
Public transport
Air: Raleigh-Durham International Airport is located in northwestern Wake county on I-40.
Rail: Fuquay-Varina is not served directly by passenger trains. Amtrak serves the nearby municipalities of Cary and Raleigh.
Local bus: The Triangle Transit Authority operates buses that serve the region and connect to municipal bus systems in Raleigh, Durham, and Chapel Hill.
Parks and recreation
The town is served by the following parks:
Fuquay Mineral Spring Park - This park is the site of the natural spring around which the Fuquay Springs community developed. The facility includes picnic tables, a footbridge, restored spring house, park benches, granite historical marker, and memorial brick path.
South Park - Facilities include a concession/scorekeeper building, scorekeeper booth, two baseball fields, one multi-purpose field, two soccer fields, multi-purpose area, community center, administrative offices, a picnic shelter, playground units, a miniature water park for children, grilling area, and a walking track.
Falcon Park - Facilities include a youth baseball/softball field, picnic shelter, playground, charcoal grill area, concession stand, sand volleyball court and a gymnasium.
Action Park - Facilities include two youth softball/baseball fields, Batting cages, one multipurpose field (softball, baseball, football, soccer), four lighted tennis courts, and a playground.
Carroll Howard Johnson Environmental Education Park - The park has nature trails and free teaching kits available for use. Lesson plans and supplies for grades K-12 are included in each kit and kits are available to be checked out from the community center. Facilities include 1.5 - of interpretive walking trails, overlooks, bridges, outdoor classroom, restrooms, and a picnic pavilion with tables.
Ballentine School Park - Facilities include three youth baseball/softball fields and one multi-purpose field.
Library Park - Facilities include a picnic shelter, playground area, and a charcoal grilling area.
Honeycutt Road Park - Facilities include two lighted soccer fields, one lighted multi-purpose field, two tennis courts, playground, concession stand with restrooms, paved walking track, and paved parking areas.
Kinton Soccer Field - Youth soccer field
Ransdell Soccer Field - Youth soccer field
Fleming Loop Soccer Complex - Youth soccer fields
Lawrence Street Park - Soccer Field ()
Herbert Akins Park - Three soccer fields () Great for tournaments or picnics
Banks Road Park - Two soccer fields and a baseball/softball field ()
Splash Pad - 6,000 square foot pentagon shaped pad features multiple jets of streaming water from more than 35 water features. Free for residents but must have a Resident Splash Pad card which can be picked up at the Community Center during regular business hours (Monday-Friday 8 am-9 pm; Saturday 8 am-5 pm).
Notable people
Lynton Y. Ballentine, North Carolina dairyman, farmer and politician
Curley Bridges (1934β2014), was an American electric blues, rock and roll, and rhythm and blues singer, pianist and songwriter
Andre Bowden, Arena Football League fullback and linebacker
Beverly Buchanan, African-American artist whose works include painting, sculpture, video, and land art
Connor Donovan, professional soccer player
Franklin Taylor Dupree Jr., Federal judge who lived in Fuquay-Varina while he presided over the Jeffrey MacDonald murder trial
Count Grog, professional wrestling manager and promoter
C.J. Hunter, US Olympic Shot Putter
Rhett and Link, Internetainers (a portmanteau of the words "Internet" and "entertainers") who host Good Mythical Morning
Katharine Stinson, aeronautical engineer and the Federal Aviation Administration's first female engineer
References
External links
Town of Fuquay-Varina official website
Fuquay-Varina Chamber of Commerce
Fuquay-Varina Independent (local newspaper)
Fuquay-Varina Revitalization Association
Fuquay-Varina Economic Development Commission
Today in the Quay (local online newspaper)
Towns in North Carolina
Research Triangle
Towns in Wake County, North Carolina
1909 establishments in North Carolina | [
-0.4241027534008026,
0.5216230750083923,
0.34384021162986755,
-0.4750729203224182,
0.4040560722351074,
0.14209237694740295,
1.188750147819519,
0.32927069067955017,
-0.6723054647445679,
0.1494274139404297,
-0.26482439041137695,
0.46403348445892334,
-0.31679803133010864,
1.2680379152297974,
-0.6662121415138245,
0.6707001328468323,
0.34845346212387085,
0.9142665266990662,
0.7894302010536194,
-0.4936361312866211,
0.061581384390592575,
-0.023322198539972305,
0.2466021031141281,
0.13349397480487823,
0.07098426669836044,
0.6107552647590637,
0.5104362368583679,
0.09875757992267609,
0.14807362854480743,
-0.0027513804379850626,
-0.6075339913368225,
0.6751964092254639,
-0.549421489238739,
-0.28711530566215515,
0.5038354992866516,
0.1882316768169403,
0.18854127824306488,
-0.00907780323177576,
0.1458505392074585,
-0.12439969182014465,
-0.6127166748046875,
-0.3266291916370392,
0.28266632556915283,
-0.24137230217456818,
-0.07080681622028351,
-0.4026641547679901,
-1.2485431432724,
0.22966225445270538,
-0.6773542165756226,
-0.5190802216529846,
-0.9090367555618286,
-0.10047121345996857,
0.47860419750213623,
0.137380912899971,
0.5133309364318848,
0.20553764700889587,
-0.6870257258415222,
-0.0223904550075531,
1.038327693939209,
0.2569817304611206,
-0.20845496654510498,
0.39282047748565674,
-0.18860329687595367,
-0.36148399114608765,
-0.18181540071964264,
0.2531491219997406,
-0.37613677978515625,
0.9097245335578918,
-0.4687710404396057,
-0.5427011251449585,
-0.1468360722064972,
0.0028921221382915974,
0.2571693956851959,
-0.03513481467962265,
0.026681048795580864,
0.6414416432380676,
-0.4276089370250702,
-0.08007697016000748,
0.5275300741195679,
0.12674637138843536,
0.3509361445903778,
0.014572766609489918,
1.4653702974319458,
0.0018924125470221043,
0.2222641259431839,
0.46974870562553406,
-0.5163826942443848,
0.5147421360015869,
0.11206359416246414,
0.9920616745948792,
-0.7691230177879333,
-0.31086084246635437,
-0.05418862774968147,
-0.11867891252040863,
-0.054890021681785583,
-0.26534929871559143,
-0.24113020300865173,
0.4593464136123657,
-0.27589473128318787,
0.7765870094299316,
-0.5093042850494385,
0.3029802739620209,
0.881239652633667,
0.024563467130064964,
-0.4014905095100403,
-0.036033183336257935,
-1.03311026096344,
-0.21219469606876373,
-0.33055320382118225,
-0.14155153930187225,
-0.802684485912323,
0.5141291618347168,
0.20845812559127808,
-0.5039929747581482,
-0.4930759072303772,
0.46852853894233704,
0.4023040235042572,
-0.45124995708465576,
-0.09607157856225967,
-0.1240876093506813,
1.4175596237182617,
0.5037415623664856,
-0.263753205537796,
-0.3435116112232208,
0.23011617362499237,
0.6662703156471252,
0.07797107845544815,
0.010281837545335293,
-0.009633949026465416,
0.41393157839775085,
-0.07435870170593262,
0.6665947437286377,
-0.13366325199604034,
0.3429992198944092,
0.18142016232013702,
-0.8892720341682434,
-0.24378466606140137,
0.03769124671816826,
0.9374245405197144,
-0.11578986793756485,
-0.7660272121429443,
0.11233654618263245,
-0.9302023649215698,
-0.14327779412269592,
0.48029783368110657,
0.0249162744730711,
-0.10132434219121933,
0.018577277660369873,
-0.004254392813891172,
-0.08306530117988586,
-0.29837387800216675,
-0.15732449293136597,
0.5646827220916748,
0.4163343012332916,
-0.18669165670871735,
0.12736326456069946,
0.5080257058143616,
-0.14853014051914215,
0.5510267615318298,
0.4027533233165741,
-0.13859149813652039,
0.9437564611434937,
0.8474238514900208,
0.5101157426834106,
0.4635618329048157,
0.3927181363105774,
0.6479073166847229,
-0.29135939478874207,
0.4638504385948181,
0.9048219323158264,
-0.6164863109588623,
0.7582592368125916,
0.5865030884742737,
-0.5939865708351135,
0.0900312066078186,
-0.4312637150287628,
0.9892366528511047,
0.4708428978919983,
-0.0663919746875763,
-0.42005032300949097,
-0.7759939432144165,
-0.020637355744838715,
0.26362940669059753,
-0.043639201670885086,
-0.5329110026359558,
-0.11136558651924133,
0.8343488574028015,
-0.10963314771652222,
0.04399142786860466,
-0.5734857320785522,
0.03540758043527603,
-0.3764949142932892,
0.8794007897377014,
0.05437376722693443,
0.6372498273849487,
0.7580008506774902,
-0.7153386473655701,
0.7976020574569702,
0.044780708849430084,
0.3360488712787628,
0.4708966910839081,
-0.29659897089004517,
0.05221714824438095,
-0.304887980222702,
-0.5746294260025024,
0.5737981796264648,
0.13596387207508087,
0.21584847569465637,
0.017187876626849174,
-0.08671586960554123,
-0.09330575168132782,
-0.7037808299064636,
-0.07353228330612183,
0.14333774149417877,
-0.25740426778793335,
-0.764145016670227,
0.03157899156212807,
-0.13223613798618317,
0.5698627233505249,
-0.6745237112045288,
0.14582157135009766,
-0.16611680388450623,
-0.25351276993751526,
-0.42714449763298035,
-0.08583211153745651,
0.7541853785514832,
-0.06681803613901138,
-0.2888643145561218,
-0.15602290630340576,
0.2376379519701004,
0.1681799590587616,
0.009261232800781727,
-0.028428547084331512,
-0.2646654546260834,
0.06120167300105095,
0.28075703978538513,
-0.20721428096294403,
-0.7806538939476013,
-0.03528815135359764,
-0.6318868398666382,
-0.01011473499238491,
0.12028153985738754,
-0.9730557203292847,
0.5216269493103027,
0.1769758015871048,
0.1746426671743393,
-0.07836681604385376,
-0.07676124572753906,
-0.26720523834228516,
-0.3981167674064636,
0.3150878846645355,
0.36462581157684326,
0.21389295160770416,
0.5471490025520325,
0.5692892670631409,
0.41671985387802124,
-0.4543609917163849,
0.3778899312019348,
0.6247849464416504,
-0.05176003277301788,
-0.36788469552993774,
0.78304523229599,
-0.36946576833724976,
0.22440661489963531,
0.2027466893196106,
-0.3109639286994934,
-0.38208243250846863,
-0.4154543876647949,
0.023679781705141068,
0.3240143358707428,
0.3905172646045685,
-0.8650496602058411,
0.009334555827081203,
0.44061940908432007,
0.48601239919662476,
0.0021751371677964926,
-0.4997768998146057,
-0.3497421145439148,
-1.2830729484558105,
-0.07518698275089264,
0.269051730632782,
0.6655012369155884,
-0.03091895394027233,
-0.18061953783035278,
-0.5525498390197754,
-0.943313479423523,
0.9785404801368713,
-0.12701712548732758,
-0.48220887780189514,
-0.39136987924575806,
-0.5887659788131714,
-0.3857614994049072,
0.018113717436790466,
0.8947198987007141,
-0.9019415974617004,
0.06354369223117828,
0.09239809960126877,
0.050608567893505096,
0.49234896898269653,
-0.547589898109436,
-0.5295421481132507,
0.5632584691047668,
-0.8342541456222534,
0.1696864515542984,
0.16962717473506927,
-0.2181553989648819,
0.14501091837882996,
-0.11173645406961441,
-4.453558444976807,
0.5332894325256348,
-0.5301153063774109,
-0.22283942997455597,
0.5363667607307434,
-0.3053067922592163,
0.23895315825939178,
-0.265026718378067,
-0.23704016208648682,
0.7231944799423218,
0.0987837016582489,
-0.26252689957618713,
0.03669828549027443,
0.8879192471504211,
1.0128393173217773,
0.49357202649116516,
0.6311536431312561,
-0.20693399012088776,
0.4234202206134796,
0.23621691763401031,
-0.3049505054950714,
0.5088944435119629,
-0.04259428009390831,
-0.05917202681303024,
0.4833603799343109,
0.9091383814811707,
0.02278503216803074,
-0.5574899911880493,
-0.6922967433929443,
-0.06066840514540672,
0.3094926178455353,
-0.014694499783217907,
-0.4730244576931,
-0.28708791732788086,
0.13071414828300476,
-0.03414590656757355,
0.2993457615375519,
-0.5952325463294983,
0.30966266989707947,
-0.9278073310852051,
0.10871077328920364,
0.4127329885959625,
-0.8835350275039673,
0.06839029490947723,
0.7914234399795532,
-0.2999463379383087,
-0.629389762878418,
0.06605341285467148,
0.03120790794491768,
0.7406101822853088,
-0.022964486852288246,
-0.08842597901821136,
0.6915335655212402,
0.1749286949634552,
0.5504165887832642,
-0.22653129696846008,
0.40938669443130493,
0.045839086174964905,
-0.2939561903476715,
1.0673333406448364,
0.28345513343811035,
-0.7017317414283752,
-0.21186813712120056,
0.0861254632472992,
-0.22671855986118317,
-0.591286838054657,
0.026048151776194572,
0.2998955249786377,
0.6363213658332825,
-0.27657997608184814,
0.21530011296272278,
0.07323159277439117,
-0.7135223150253296,
-0.8088043928146362,
0.7279489636421204,
-0.6970683336257935,
-0.5048208832740784,
-0.4314078092575073,
-0.8837971687316895,
0.20282816886901855,
0.3996673822402954,
0.35783883929252625,
0.41433367133140564,
0.8436713218688965,
-0.03847220912575722,
-0.40654149651527405,
0.2637850046157837,
0.1443505734205246,
-0.3069215714931488,
-0.5215416550636292,
0.4703756868839264,
0.013741649687290192,
0.4494975209236145,
-0.4057164788246155,
-0.44605737924575806,
0.3888894319534302,
0.5276732444763184,
0.24161197245121002,
-0.08368481695652008,
-0.48307833075523376,
0.6561242341995239,
-0.5782285928726196,
0.5116565823554993,
-0.3664061427116394,
-0.2893269956111908,
-0.21971392631530762,
0.11896739155054092,
-0.010701199993491173,
0.7763826847076416,
-0.32723259925842285,
-0.405215859413147,
0.45434197783470154,
-0.25811293721199036,
0.23487389087677002,
0.47444596886634827,
-0.5535551905632019,
-0.40843135118484497,
0.9520304203033447,
0.3495936691761017,
0.3160475194454193,
0.43250301480293274,
0.04477540776133537,
0.24371062219142914,
-0.6756388545036316,
-0.15678732097148895,
-0.18042466044425964,
0.9525494575500488,
-0.05725951865315437,
-0.9751354455947876,
0.3643781244754791,
-0.149742990732193,
-0.43797817826271057,
-0.7629714012145996,
-0.14764147996902466,
-0.2961653470993042,
-0.5508142709732056,
-0.7604597210884094,
-1.1792618036270142,
-0.01990881748497486,
0.3304169178009033,
0.5375735759735107,
-0.1524103879928589,
-0.5699872970581055,
0.6049737930297852,
-0.24455341696739197,
0.45634180307388306,
0.5895035862922668,
-0.08651118725538254,
-1.1007380485534668,
0.6441472768783569,
-0.38741472363471985,
-0.2341601699590683,
-0.4874213933944702,
-1.1566705703735352,
0.02427978627383709,
-0.20096178352832794,
0.44892558455467224,
0.2990575432777405,
0.6103502511978149,
-0.2869873642921448,
-0.15264922380447388,
0.04067934304475784,
-0.8650493621826172,
1.0008392333984375,
-0.22374673187732697,
-0.2534599006175995,
-0.6340649724006653,
-0.10796395689249039,
-0.23487000167369843,
0.4727611243724823,
0.675825834274292,
-0.4920511543750763,
-0.40620532631874084,
-0.17375168204307556,
0.6863533854484558,
-0.5233533382415771,
-0.039120856672525406,
0.7445943355560303,
-0.28113850951194763,
-0.6146159768104553,
-0.3058784306049347,
-0.3111775517463684,
-0.8133370280265808,
-0.5690387487411499,
0.10068400204181671,
-0.5077419877052307,
-0.4926440119743347,
-0.4070594012737274,
0.08819890022277832,
-0.06032274663448334,
-0.26709452271461487,
-0.2644370198249817,
0.5621094703674316,
-0.01883848011493683,
-0.2834257185459137,
-0.9374494552612305,
0.4019579589366913,
0.436587929725647,
-0.015127028338611126,
-0.6849918961524963,
0.3176059126853943,
-0.010128150694072247,
-0.48966681957244873,
0.545091450214386,
-0.11706830561161041,
-0.9314300417900085,
0.6456714272499084,
0.5629006028175354,
-0.7034035921096802,
1.5439563989639282,
-0.09203367680311203,
-0.7050288319587708,
0.7727776765823364,
0.6003813147544861,
-0.07791555672883987,
-0.12322945147752762,
-0.21350452303886414,
-0.2953651249408722,
-0.6047329306602478,
-0.36783725023269653,
-0.4961928427219391,
-0.330645889043808,
-0.04283652454614639,
-0.3355529010295868,
-0.9111155271530151,
0.34623122215270996,
0.31184595823287964,
-0.4195392429828644,
1.0883442163467407,
-0.6387686133384705,
-0.2683003842830658,
-0.056931089609861374,
0.0492960549890995,
0.08892049640417099,
-0.3256867527961731,
0.24972589313983917,
-0.31026116013526917,
-0.400211364030838,
0.42818698287010193,
-0.07279631495475769,
0.3801765739917755,
0.8129555583000183,
0.10132884234189987,
-1.2895936965942383,
-0.49329254031181335,
-0.3596797287464142,
0.6782951951026917,
-0.2784382402896881,
-1.216696858406067,
1.0455074310302734,
0.48339077830314636,
-0.3355690836906433,
-1.0162461996078491,
-0.12532159686088562,
1.144940733909607,
-0.48613643646240234,
-0.06663192063570023,
0.2046913206577301,
0.025459792464971542,
-0.04192682355642319,
0.3408701419830322,
-0.07791850715875626,
0.1563047468662262,
-0.16417209804058075,
0.32940664887428284,
-0.7792500257492065,
0.09581850469112396,
-0.27894508838653564,
0.5539256930351257,
-0.5749894976615906,
-0.11606401950120926,
-0.11427044868469238,
0.13404697179794312,
0.3495027720928192,
-0.8159369826316833,
0.034828633069992065,
0.057899110019207,
-1.1497447490692139,
-0.0879010334610939,
0.09199957549571991,
-0.9676485657691956,
-0.36529889702796936,
-0.4168403148651123,
-0.37625011801719666,
0.22728553414344788,
-1.0977015495300293,
-0.09561214596033096,
0.06468784809112549,
-0.7219936847686768,
0.1943272054195404,
-0.2839874029159546,
0.2060529738664627,
0.07418695837259293,
-0.6202669739723206,
-0.6298267245292664,
0.4855259656906128,
-0.11744211614131927,
0.4948659837245941,
-0.18280860781669617,
0.25738173723220825,
-0.8190860748291016,
0.9314981698989868,
-0.5269313454627991,
-0.6296542286872864,
0.35083383321762085,
-0.46842649579048157,
-0.5926769971847534,
-0.3356214761734009,
0.033337391912937164,
-0.04957081004977226,
-0.2178705781698227,
0.25965416431427,
0.32942458987236023,
1.0875886678695679,
0.045296307653188705,
0.8289458155632019,
0.490133136510849,
-0.27993395924568176,
-0.21244099736213684,
0.6989092826843262,
-0.012991979718208313,
0.06808783859014511,
1.0169994831085205,
0.4017978012561798,
0.2592891454696655,
1.682224988937378,
-0.6401059627532959,
0.3618198335170746,
0.020217690616846085,
-0.08107420057058334,
0.052147652953863144,
-1.1884835958480835,
-0.46464619040489197,
0.17966581881046295,
-0.4024362862110138,
-0.52292400598526,
-0.16449232399463654,
-0.378246545791626,
-0.8708425164222717,
0.6442216038703918,
-0.09117285162210464,
0.6402024030685425,
0.2958413362503052,
-0.5379002094268799,
0.22907818853855133,
-0.333932489156723,
-0.06749436259269714,
0.4513620436191559,
0.18112064898014069,
-0.9746193289756775,
0.23797643184661865,
-0.26311707496643066,
-0.09911734610795975,
-0.6828421354293823,
-0.17817391455173492,
0.20337823033332825,
0.3613610565662384,
-0.9396491646766663,
-0.8506972193717957,
0.34307944774627686,
0.02962411195039749,
-0.28425270318984985,
0.5649735331535339,
0.3262139856815338,
0.1870836615562439,
-0.5283254384994507,
0.5157380700111389,
0.1375083476305008,
-0.5555486679077148,
1.0694911479949951,
0.7603368163108826,
0.46865952014923096,
0.20780888199806213,
0.636931836605072,
0.398910790681839,
0.433143675327301,
0.2898223102092743,
0.6347565650939941,
-0.4005194902420044,
-0.008979521691799164,
-0.44111937284469604,
-0.1690652072429657,
0.056834399700164795,
-0.7112287878990173,
0.2896745502948761,
-0.4693523049354553,
0.1337476521730423,
0.10573787987232208,
-0.05728211998939514,
-0.14122852683067322,
0.05826617404818535,
0.06946355104446411,
-0.8596940040588379,
-0.1705055683851242,
-0.02965567447245121,
0.0676809698343277,
0.3044625222682953,
0.6761202216148376,
0.47721579670906067,
0.45476049184799194,
0.5785359144210815,
0.717700719833374,
0.2942902743816376,
-0.1566411256790161,
0.0008440820383839309,
0.2960259020328522,
-0.5135044455528259,
0.6059917211532593,
-0.5397862195968628,
0.8896161317825317,
0.1551285684108734,
0.725455105304718,
-0.19342729449272156,
0.7656477689743042,
-0.5084476470947266,
-0.09836927801370621,
0.7213209867477417,
-0.06943126022815704,
-0.40465930104255676,
-0.5044524073600769,
-0.04774374142289162,
-0.31976035237312317,
0.16114430129528046,
0.9381259083747864,
-0.10203325748443604,
-0.5723596215248108,
-0.13259804248809814,
-0.15613986551761627,
-0.9335923194885254,
0.014629354700446129,
0.04756154119968414,
-1.066540002822876,
-0.12932048738002777,
0.10338131338357925,
-0.5809794664382935,
-0.8113797903060913,
-0.48306575417518616,
1.1317641735076904,
0.25173434615135193,
-0.5350701212882996,
-0.09007666260004044,
-0.39692941308021545,
0.16004186868667603,
0.22972120344638824,
0.5478983521461487,
0.197191059589386,
-0.6673179864883423,
-1.176770806312561,
-0.18367315828800201,
0.08624416589736938,
-0.3676222860813141,
-0.9934847354888916,
-0.1343947798013687,
-0.14344488084316254,
0.004455074202269316,
0.0914534330368042,
0.2612193524837494,
-0.40411141514778137,
0.11905193328857422,
0.36722564697265625
]
|
128299 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackfriars%2C%20Oxford | Blackfriars, Oxford | Blackfriars is a Permanent Private Hall of the University of Oxford. Blackfriars houses three distinct institutions: the Priory of the Holy Spirit, the religious house of the friars, whose current prior is Robert Gay; Blackfriars Studium, the centre of theological studies of the English Province of the Dominican Friars (although it numbers members of other orders and lay people among its students and lecturers); and Blackfriars Hall, one of the constituent educational institutions of the University of Oxford. The current Regent of both the hall and studium is John OβConnor. The name Blackfriars is commonly used to denote a house of the Dominican Friars in Britain, a reference to the black-colored "cappa", which is part of their habit.
Blackfriars Hall is a Permanent Private Hall, meaning that it is owned and governed by an outside institution (in this case, the English Province of the Order of Preachers) and not by its fellows.
Located in central Oxford on St Giles', its neighbours include St John's College, St Cross College and the Ashmolean Museum. Blackfriars Hall is a centre for the study of theology and philosophy informed by the intellectual tradition of St Thomas Aquinas. It admits men and women of any faith for Oxford undergraduate degrees in theology schools, PPE and for a wide range of postgraduate degrees.
History
Blackfriars' history is well documented, largely as a result of the hall being part of an international fraternity of scholarship, which was able to monitor and document its fortunes, even during times of the hall's collapse.
The Dominicans arrived in Oxford on 15 August 1221, at the instruction of Saint Dominic himself, little more than a week after the friar's death. As such, the hall is heir to the oldest tradition of teaching in Oxford, a tradition that precedes both the aularian houses that would characterise the next century and the collegiate houses that would characterise the rest of the University of Oxford's history. In 1236 they established a new and extensive priory in the St. Ebbes district.
Like all the monastic houses in Oxford, Blackfriars came into rapid and repeated conflict with the university authorities. With the Reformation, all monastic houses, including Blackfriars, were suppressed. The Dominicans did not return to Oxford for some 400 years, until 1921 when Blackfriars was refounded as a religious house, within 600 metres of the original site. The Dominican studium at Blackfriars had a close relationship with the university, culminating in the establishment of Blackfriars as a permanent private hall in 1994.
Institutes
Blackfriars Hall is the home of a number of other institutes including, the Las Casas Institute on ethics, governance and social justice. Launched in November 2008, the institute contributes to the hall's founding vision to be a centre of the social as well as the sacred sciences. Its founding director (from October 2008 to January 2011) was Francis Davis. The second director of the institute is Michael Oborne, formerly Director of Futures at the OECD.
The International Young Leaders Network exists to identify young leaders aged 18 to 33 from the Christian community globally.
The Aquinas Institute was established in 2004 under the directorship of Fergus Kerr. It aims to foster study of St Thomas at Oxford through seminars, conferences, summer schools and programmes. Patrons of the institute include John Haldane, Alasdair MacIntyre, Ralph McInerny and Eleonore Stump.
Academic programmes
Blackfriars offers those preparing for the Catholic priesthood the Baccalaureate in Sacred Theology (STB) granted by the Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas, Angelicum in Rome. It is also possible for lay men and women to begin the Angelicum's STB programme by studying in the Blackfriars Studium and to conclude the programme with at least a year's full-time study at the Angelicum.
Blackfriars' Studium offers one or two year programs in Catholic Theology which lead to an Oxford University Certificate or Diploma in Pastoral Theology.
People associated with Blackfriars
Notable former students
Joseph William Tobin, C.Ss.R., Cardinal prelate and Archbishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Newark
Anthony Fisher , 9th Roman Catholic Archbishop of Sydney
James Alison, theologian and author
Delia Gallagher, journalist, CNN Faith and Values Correspondent
Herbert McCabe, theologian and philosopher
Malcolm McMahon, Archbishop of Liverpool
Aidan Nichols, first John Paul II Memorial Visiting Lecturer at the University of Oxford
Fellows and academics
John Battle - former MP for Leeds West
Brian Davies - philosopher and former Regent
Richard Finn - former Regent and Novice Master for The English Province of The Order of Preachers
Andrew Linzey - theologian, author, and prominent figure in the Christian vegetarian movement
Timothy Radcliffe - Master of the Order of Preachers from 1992β2001
Benjamin Earl - Procurator General of the Order of Preachers
Fergus Kerr - Regent (1998-2004)
James MacMillan - classical composer and conductor, Honorary Fellow
John Saward - fellow of Greyfriars and associate lecturer at Blackfriars
Roger Scruton - philosopher who specialised in aesthetics
John Loughlin - Emeritus Fellow of St Edmundβs College Cambridge
Burials at Blackfriars Abbey, Oxford
Robert Bacon (writer)
Richard Fishacre
References
External links
Blackfriars Hall website
1221 establishments in England
Educational institutions established in the 13th century
Educational institutions established in 1921
Permanent Private Halls of the University of Oxford
Buildings and structures of the University of Oxford
Oxford
pnb:Ψ¨ΩΫΪ©ΩΨ±Ψ§Ψ¦Ψ±Ψ²Ψ Ψ’Ϊ©Ψ³ΩΩΨ±Ϊ | [
0.15766769647598267,
0.2058231085538864,
0.3178503215312958,
-0.918726921081543,
-0.015405269339680672,
0.35252389311790466,
0.5068726539611816,
0.6978266835212708,
-0.9064540266990662,
-0.34294581413269043,
-0.745076060295105,
-0.08494877815246582,
-0.2862185537815094,
0.4175908863544464,
0.05634206533432007,
0.2396029680967331,
0.3069944679737091,
0.26905927062034607,
0.3157820403575897,
-0.4983011782169342,
0.19788193702697754,
0.0034206535201519728,
-0.5569881796836853,
0.1209346279501915,
0.1482240855693817,
-0.4701939523220062,
0.4904801845550537,
-0.7594935894012451,
-0.24047335982322693,
0.25547289848327637,
0.4775407910346985,
0.2503179609775543,
0.08491989225149155,
-0.4868808686733246,
0.6460909247398376,
-0.5165479779243469,
0.4182989299297333,
-0.4407169222831726,
0.10020393878221512,
0.05692077428102493,
0.07739143818616867,
-0.36589017510414124,
0.2165851593017578,
0.24692538380622864,
-0.42982062697410583,
-0.3102734684944153,
-0.6466964483261108,
0.3926704525947571,
-0.9181254506111145,
0.19575612246990204,
-0.30756187438964844,
0.36836737394332886,
0.7599592804908752,
-0.01683889515697956,
0.7023939490318298,
0.4326348900794983,
-1.1667706966400146,
0.2173454761505127,
0.8034658432006836,
0.07911530882120132,
0.2998165488243103,
0.8182244300842285,
-0.08308988064527512,
0.06146996468305588,
-0.31532537937164307,
0.0887109562754631,
0.03771030902862549,
0.1700969934463501,
-0.3355725407600403,
-0.2068720906972885,
-0.21696488559246063,
-0.2528367042541504,
0.19186273217201233,
0.17419348657131195,
-0.7687433362007141,
-0.47586575150489807,
0.022813638672232628,
0.21084055304527283,
0.48152583837509155,
-0.08586835861206055,
0.7943512797355652,
0.22631053626537323,
0.5638332962989807,
0.7271275520324707,
0.23011456429958344,
0.5306428074836731,
-1.251752257347107,
-0.11796222627162933,
-0.2794114053249359,
0.533037006855011,
-0.629009485244751,
-0.05622110143303871,
0.36332646012306213,
0.2399865984916687,
-0.07393061369657516,
-0.03230252489447594,
0.18178312480449677,
-0.11254104971885681,
0.15742018818855286,
0.5255609750747681,
-0.21168671548366547,
0.3128078579902649,
0.12977804243564606,
-0.39370083808898926,
-0.5389702916145325,
0.21332423388957977,
-1.1825557947158813,
-0.23499853909015656,
0.31103944778442383,
0.03207378089427948,
-0.7547963857650757,
0.15493400394916534,
-0.8581451177597046,
0.11581102758646011,
-0.25004929304122925,
0.6615957617759705,
0.32174572348594666,
-0.2532639801502228,
-0.09699641168117523,
0.07411173731088638,
-0.22235295176506042,
0.5203958749771118,
0.12791606783866882,
0.5135158896446228,
-0.49872273206710815,
-0.22462895512580872,
0.0827983096241951,
0.5451709628105164,
-0.2464938759803772,
-0.3047620356082916,
0.0861973762512207,
0.6379503607749939,
0.022432589903473854,
-0.41935113072395325,
0.15183338522911072,
0.12185250222682953,
0.30679944157600403,
-0.22444233298301697,
0.5533037781715393,
1.0096867084503174,
-0.3507375121116638,
-0.299919992685318,
-0.29019761085510254,
-0.021502602845430374,
0.6482040286064148,
-0.5764554142951965,
-0.4451996982097626,
-0.768475353717804,
-0.11547297239303589,
-0.27921438217163086,
0.3905881941318512,
0.27421310544013977,
-0.16886717081069946,
-0.5540339350700378,
-0.23078536987304688,
0.09483548253774643,
0.6720847487449646,
-0.24438433349132538,
0.09682146459817886,
0.2543061077594757,
-0.3072573244571686,
-0.11218316853046417,
0.25863027572631836,
0.14474545419216156,
-0.027625782415270805,
0.24155020713806152,
0.3001362383365631,
-0.13647966086864471,
-0.6296404004096985,
0.07784456759691238,
-0.7473112344741821,
0.15998707711696625,
0.7843931317329407,
0.09711921215057373,
0.2758103013038635,
-0.06327631324529648,
0.6673754453659058,
0.07819493114948273,
0.3436181843280792,
-0.20381657779216766,
-0.7441086769104004,
-0.2175302356481552,
0.04610021784901619,
-0.06344129890203476,
0.4879119098186493,
-0.1713176667690277,
0.06890460103750229,
0.42560601234436035,
-0.09426464885473251,
0.02304994873702526,
-0.380381315946579,
-0.17964810132980347,
0.29158639907836914,
-0.08865131437778473,
1.364595890045166,
0.05628737434744835,
-0.4670470058917999,
0.43689873814582825,
-0.37404218316078186,
0.841971218585968,
0.0637843981385231,
-0.07230297476053238,
0.12966962158679962,
-0.19547325372695923,
-0.5425877571105957,
-0.1531313955783844,
0.2564510703086853,
0.07639457285404205,
0.2916303873062134,
-0.23643529415130615,
0.18799157440662384,
-0.7387519478797913,
0.05272672697901726,
0.44783511757850647,
0.24402442574501038,
-0.2925305962562561,
-0.11555026471614838,
-0.12186190485954285,
-0.0482904314994812,
-0.9616247415542603,
1.2210317850112915,
0.2644672393798828,
0.669163703918457,
-0.2471773326396942,
-0.9201018214225769,
0.25160637497901917,
-0.37733665108680725,
0.23620931804180145,
0.25337523221969604,
-0.24779635667800903,
0.11196668446063995,
0.4149840772151947,
-0.3638409376144409,
-0.06840461492538452,
-0.10779354721307755,
-0.2966703176498413,
-0.36002305150032043,
-0.70047527551651,
0.6564150452613831,
-0.07057099044322968,
0.2939452528953552,
-0.5408675670623779,
-0.8190174698829651,
0.37912678718566895,
-0.05063071846961975,
-0.033350199460983276,
0.1780884861946106,
0.771013081073761,
-0.27967801690101624,
-0.31365466117858887,
0.3108709156513214,
0.10572514683008194,
0.28066855669021606,
0.18181319534778595,
0.3754790425300598,
0.2038237601518631,
-0.2475002259016037,
0.45703640580177307,
-0.10215578973293304,
0.34863144159317017,
-0.29462170600891113,
0.28539323806762695,
0.0436675027012825,
0.25371044874191284,
-0.3274567723274231,
-0.32825493812561035,
0.05292784050107002,
-0.6987255811691284,
0.8460882902145386,
-0.2577933073043823,
-0.17388318479061127,
-0.36473801732063293,
-0.42236799001693726,
0.4756067097187042,
-0.25903674960136414,
0.16179822385311127,
0.4467259645462036,
-0.21390357613563538,
-0.3438519239425659,
0.052084408700466156,
0.5807027816772461,
0.14621834456920624,
0.2762564718723297,
-0.16178135573863983,
-0.3536193072795868,
0.13404010236263275,
-0.0968753919005394,
-0.10825291275978088,
-0.16593657433986664,
-0.0930558517575264,
-0.08158667385578156,
0.7536672353744507,
0.23226261138916016,
-0.07879479974508286,
-0.12632501125335693,
0.7170677781105042,
0.20725707709789276,
-0.6870777606964111,
0.4298076331615448,
-0.07481154054403305,
-0.09314217418432236,
0.8976175785064697,
-0.16323842108249664,
0.11244381219148636,
0.5203157663345337,
-0.410542368888855,
-0.15776821970939636,
-0.28406569361686707,
-5.6220927238464355,
0.43532735109329224,
-0.38061216473579407,
0.3116005063056946,
0.5834066867828369,
-0.14037075638771057,
0.43070852756500244,
-0.4492591619491577,
-0.5374861359596252,
-0.725103497505188,
-0.4830770194530487,
-0.09856929630041122,
-0.2443884015083313,
0.48510855436325073,
0.330418199300766,
0.9972645044326782,
0.2794707417488098,
-0.10589643567800522,
0.051293887197971344,
0.13568703830242157,
-0.36528292298316956,
0.5384339094161987,
0.010359035804867744,
-0.16010087728500366,
0.17772965133190155,
0.7528656125068665,
-0.7704803943634033,
-0.14443132281303406,
-0.733891487121582,
-0.1250043511390686,
0.3795885145664215,
-0.20697776973247528,
-0.37954169511795044,
-0.34600192308425903,
-0.3984069526195526,
0.6129252910614014,
-0.013900548219680786,
-0.25137248635292053,
-0.4922599196434021,
-0.32330188155174255,
0.3236800730228424,
0.3917100727558136,
-0.04594617336988449,
0.07703515887260437,
0.8398107886314392,
-0.38750526309013367,
-0.6608321666717529,
-0.2672249972820282,
-0.20237953960895538,
-0.11798077821731567,
-0.6442675590515137,
0.7220202088356018,
0.761117160320282,
0.1317308247089386,
-0.22447021305561066,
-0.17547990381717682,
0.4236176908016205,
0.18902891874313354,
0.3115679621696472,
-0.5460650324821472,
0.5251231789588928,
-0.47877007722854614,
-0.04167941212654114,
0.0297107994556427,
-0.09488803893327713,
-0.9365302324295044,
0.07504585385322571,
0.42514923214912415,
0.24387231469154358,
0.24936479330062866,
0.3121168613433838,
0.07890956103801727,
0.010965026915073395,
-0.7442747354507446,
-0.2371956706047058,
-0.5277606844902039,
-0.4324553608894348,
-0.4852157533168793,
0.0024540801532566547,
0.4223436117172241,
0.04373255744576454,
-0.2980763614177704,
-0.847072422504425,
0.1386207491159439,
0.03986826539039612,
-0.9846962094306946,
-0.1330854594707489,
0.20735862851142883,
-0.7778334021568298,
-0.18725936114788055,
-0.32950687408447266,
-0.6794452667236328,
-0.6573516726493835,
-0.024084294214844704,
0.3857616186141968,
-0.005705494899302721,
0.37517300248146057,
-0.05146309360861778,
0.12676022946834564,
0.44273218512535095,
0.4710136353969574,
-0.5543801188468933,
0.01290679071098566,
-0.19919075071811676,
0.13790160417556763,
-0.09538760036230087,
0.09910303354263306,
0.5214956998825073,
0.5244048237800598,
-0.30190274119377136,
-0.004852641373872757,
-0.31488803029060364,
-0.21956497430801392,
-0.013741254806518555,
0.046784549951553345,
-0.637295663356781,
-0.04533204436302185,
0.3929729461669922,
-0.3355642259120941,
-0.05398586764931679,
-0.2602706551551819,
0.1159949079155922,
0.11551829427480698,
-0.14770035445690155,
-0.9136409759521484,
0.14816302061080933,
0.5946753025054932,
-0.3632264733314514,
-0.6205330491065979,
-0.5931530594825745,
-0.3051241636276245,
-0.37006905674934387,
0.21770989894866943,
0.2687888741493225,
-0.34204646944999695,
-0.15666738152503967,
-0.3003998398780823,
-0.3190300464630127,
-0.00987454503774643,
0.3293525278568268,
0.16012857854366302,
-0.010580604895949364,
0.1922217309474945,
0.6125343441963196,
0.5304721593856812,
0.9242430329322815,
0.08652876317501068,
0.31984439492225647,
-1.054305076599121,
0.379747599363327,
-0.4139629304409027,
0.1581719070672989,
-0.19655975699424744,
-0.7431040406227112,
0.10929682105779648,
-0.10998430103063583,
-0.038130003958940506,
0.6571884155273438,
-0.02850447967648506,
0.12900620698928833,
0.022457284852862358,
-0.14955338835716248,
-0.5207343101501465,
-0.33878055214881897,
0.32364004850387573,
-0.4326663315296173,
0.1266447901725769,
-0.23260048031806946,
-0.9082513451576233,
0.11732931435108185,
0.2856127917766571,
-0.2149239480495453,
-0.5922194719314575,
-0.06937535107135773,
0.6692986488342285,
0.09160105139017105,
0.016199840232729912,
0.23732785880565643,
-0.10336894541978836,
0.29544156789779663,
-0.26172125339508057,
0.13327081501483917,
-0.03473745658993721,
0.2886752486228943,
0.6848101615905762,
-0.16970297694206238,
-0.2649466097354889,
-0.03999092057347298,
0.5744937062263489,
-0.5209015011787415,
0.21307273209095,
-0.21008720993995667,
0.20993095636367798,
0.03468179702758789,
-0.37523576617240906,
-0.7873849272727966,
0.18676131963729858,
-0.06201253458857536,
-0.36590492725372314,
-0.498762845993042,
0.026998791843652725,
0.6067947745323181,
-0.5544959902763367,
0.9265344738960266,
0.35333916544914246,
-0.36870893836021423,
0.5719704031944275,
-0.16239126026630402,
0.023507848381996155,
0.7203012108802795,
-0.330064058303833,
-0.8630437850952148,
0.2544223666191101,
0.3929708003997803,
-0.48529234528541565,
-0.0324699841439724,
-0.1160537376999855,
-0.6080215573310852,
-0.3722435534000397,
0.12166586518287659,
-0.2642750144004822,
-0.32845261693000793,
-0.136052668094635,
0.05977919325232506,
-1.1342631578445435,
0.522724449634552,
0.29048144817352295,
-0.49558356404304504,
0.6820982098579407,
-0.7650755047798157,
0.31399232149124146,
0.1705227643251419,
0.32842838764190674,
0.3785102665424347,
0.12065177410840988,
-0.12405069917440414,
-0.706443190574646,
-0.14983250200748444,
0.23504944145679474,
0.49421611428260803,
0.29320675134658813,
0.7628841400146484,
-0.2695917785167694,
-0.8806743621826172,
-0.6072417497634888,
0.22191758453845978,
0.018119072541594505,
0.6793339848518372,
-0.45468658208847046,
-0.019740372896194458,
0.23814287781715393,
-0.16935200989246368,
-0.026339422911405563,
-0.48416829109191895,
0.27733951807022095,
-0.12368430942296982,
0.7327197790145874,
0.12851646542549133,
-0.016003619879484177,
-0.2165185809135437,
0.22332125902175903,
0.2604546546936035,
-0.25559157133102417,
0.2061089128255844,
-0.020442893728613853,
-0.09770634770393372,
0.057914864271879196,
-0.7573355436325073,
0.15406936407089233,
-0.3600708544254303,
-0.10918712615966797,
-0.16157196462154388,
-0.13855145871639252,
-0.03340283781290054,
-0.19819320738315582,
-0.06655621528625488,
-0.20583733916282654,
-0.6027419567108154,
0.429779589176178,
-0.16046637296676636,
-0.42996832728385925,
0.06693145632743835,
0.3167785704135895,
-0.3045933246612549,
0.44070708751678467,
-0.27416008710861206,
0.11180971562862396,
0.16869285702705383,
0.0034033525735139847,
0.007369090802967548,
-0.48235780000686646,
-0.6839563250541687,
0.017884422093629837,
0.405028373003006,
0.02621905505657196,
0.4742800295352936,
0.12446325272321701,
-0.32714375853538513,
0.40920159220695496,
0.2941593527793884,
-0.9097890853881836,
0.7133297920227051,
0.1403803825378418,
0.16903071105480194,
0.6499102711677551,
-0.03203989937901497,
-0.3989490866661072,
-0.530993640422821,
-0.12552092969417572,
-0.18887341022491455,
0.19374597072601318,
0.001281981822103262,
0.31023168563842773,
0.7507435083389282,
-0.6556970477104187,
-0.07716801762580872,
0.5913128852844238,
-0.427096426486969,
0.08506210893392563,
0.6622146964073181,
-0.12608014047145844,
-0.042679060250520706,
0.5430536270141602,
0.3557484745979309,
-0.44401922821998596,
0.47659555077552795,
-0.5011059045791626,
-0.23857136070728302,
-0.25487038493156433,
0.5849367380142212,
0.3878733813762665,
-0.12353789061307907,
-0.5348045825958252,
0.7197720408439636,
-0.04403265193104744,
-0.22029857337474823,
0.29882872104644775,
-0.6360499858856201,
-0.4571710228919983,
0.31705203652381897,
0.7341640591621399,
0.03445786237716675,
-0.449755996465683,
-0.0294418316334486,
-0.6577876806259155,
-0.13038183748722076,
-0.0016884455690160394,
0.5062225461006165,
-0.03425835818052292,
0.32346969842910767,
0.24189138412475586,
-0.07263030856847763,
0.32969164848327637,
-0.13176441192626953,
0.14557017385959625,
0.3622957766056061,
0.4262429475784302,
-0.18293464183807373,
-0.47663500905036926,
0.29917049407958984,
0.16723407804965973,
0.9097117781639099,
0.24027828872203827,
0.02733065001666546,
-0.5542824864387512,
0.5358693599700928,
0.22065354883670807,
0.05003031715750694,
0.0413491353392601,
-0.08029118180274963,
0.06001758575439453,
0.15885518491268158,
0.05759202688932419,
-0.6486514210700989,
0.4101109802722931,
-0.3126058876514435,
0.1147732138633728,
0.4559333920478821,
0.3983452022075653,
-0.3736610412597656,
0.35833123326301575,
0.13823185861110687,
-0.07239891588687897,
-0.14772626757621765,
0.6986955404281616,
-0.32565444707870483,
-0.6408069729804993,
0.3391454219818115,
-0.5885679721832275,
-0.10466344654560089,
-0.12907283008098602,
-0.5135605335235596,
0.11727160215377808,
0.13132967054843903,
-0.4595889151096344,
-0.41246387362480164,
-0.10024361312389374,
0.561449408531189,
-0.20119443535804749,
-0.3167295753955841,
0.12547095119953156,
0.2799716293811798,
-0.42950478196144104,
0.21951429545879364,
-0.09410372376441956,
0.42204248905181885,
-0.6173334121704102,
0.09171122312545776,
-0.7051332592964172,
0.3218015432357788,
0.15677309036254883,
0.01923813298344612,
-0.10886892676353455,
0.48745813965797424,
-0.407496839761734,
1.0658018589019775,
0.23418590426445007,
0.4011676609516144,
-0.45833805203437805,
0.07975047081708908,
-0.06295650452375412,
0.2995586097240448,
0.4336996376514435,
0.42720866203308105,
-0.1097395196557045,
-0.22232714295387268,
0.13838395476341248,
-0.28671008348464966,
-0.11442382633686066,
0.15993453562259674,
-0.055907633155584335,
-0.10922615230083466,
-0.5974354147911072,
0.07762405276298523,
-0.509075939655304,
0.2092077136039734,
0.7010344862937927,
1.2399117946624756,
0.023588867858052254,
-0.11239871382713318,
-0.3683861792087555,
0.02067454718053341,
0.9241647124290466,
0.406709223985672,
0.3696146309375763,
0.3255488872528076,
-0.5062376260757446,
-0.5603360533714294,
-0.4352211058139801,
0.2305111587047577,
0.5824097394943237,
-0.5145367980003357,
0.4050790071487427,
-0.2837395668029785,
0.3272753953933716,
-0.11179221421480179,
-0.38499999046325684,
-0.11866157501935959,
0.0873679369688034,
0.24965497851371765
]
|
128300 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brasenose%20College%2C%20Oxford | Brasenose College, Oxford | Brasenose College (BNC) is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in the United Kingdom. It was founded in 1509, with the library and chapel added in the mid-17th century and the new quadrangle in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
For the four-degree years 2011β2014, Brasenose averaged 10th in the Norrington Table (an unofficial measure of performance in undergraduate degree examinations). In a recent Oxford Barometer Survey, Brasenoseβs undergraduates registered 98% overall satisfaction. In recent years around 80% of the UK undergraduate intake have been from state schools.
Brasenose is home to one of the oldest rowing clubs in the world, Brasenose College Boat Club.
History
Foundation
The history of Brasenose College, Oxford stretches back to 1509, when the college was founded on the site of Brasenose Hall, a medieval academic hall whose name is first mentioned in 1279. Its name is believed to derive from the name of a brass or bronze knocker that adorned the hall's door.
The college was associated with Lancashire and Cheshire, the county origins of its two founders β Sir Richard Sutton and the Bishop of Lincoln, William Smyth β a link which was maintained strongly until the latter half of the twentieth century. The first principals navigated Brasenose, with its Catholic sympathisers, through the Reformation and continuing religious reforms.
Most of Brasenose favoured the Royalist side during the English Civil War, although it produced notable generals and clergy on both sides.
The library and chapel were completed in the mid-17th century, despite Brasenose suffering continuing money problems.
Nineteenth century
After 1785 the college prospered under Principal William Cleaver. The college began to be populated by gentlemen, its income doubling between 1790 and 1810, and achieved considerable academic success. But the reconstruction of Brasenose was not completed until the end of the 19th century with the addition of New Quad between 1886 and 1911. Brasenose's financial position remained secure, although under the tenure of Principal Edward Hartopp Cradock Brasenose's academic record waned greatly, with much of its success focused on sport, where it excelled most notably in cricket and rowing.
The mid-century Royal Commissions were navigated; although they were initially opposed, some recommendations were welcomed, including the election of fellows on merit rather than by their place of birth. The election of Charles Heberden as principal in 1889 led to a gradual improvement in Brasenose's academic fortunes, although its sporting performance suffered. As the first lay principal, Heberden presided over an increasingly secular college, which opened up the library to undergraduates, instituted an entrance exam for the first time and accepted Rhodes scholars.
Early twentieth century
Brasenose lost 115 men in the First World War (including a quarter of the 1913 year), with its undergraduate numbers greatly reduced.
Lord Curzon's post-War reforms were successfully instituted. The inter-war period was defined by William Stallybrass, who as fellow and eventual principal (until 1948) dominated college life. Brasenose once again produced top sportsmen β cricketers, rowers, and others. This came at the cost of falling academic standards and poorly performing finances, which would see Stallybrass' authority challenged. He died in a railway accident before he could be forced out, however.
After the war, sporting achievements waned (although there were notable exceptions) but academic success did not improve significantly, in what was now one of Oxford's largest colleges.
Late twentieth century
The 1970s saw considerable social change in Brasenose, with more post-graduate attendees and fewer domestic staff. In 1974 Brasenose became one of the first men's colleges to admit women as full members, bringing an end to 470 years of the college as an men-only institution. The other previously all-male colleges to begin admitting women in 1974 were Jesus College, Hertford, St Catherine's, and Wadham. The College's first female Governing Body Fellow, lawyer Mary Stokes, was elected in May 1981 and took up her Fellowship in October 1982.
There was also considerable construction work to ensure that undergraduates could be housed for the entirety of their degree on the main site and on the Frewin site; this objective was finally achieved in 1997 with the opening of the St Cross annexe and Frewin extension.
Law continued to be a strong subject for Brasenose (following on from Stallybrass through principals Herbert Hart and Barry Nicholas), as was the emerging subject of Politics, Philosophy and Economics, starting with the fellowship of Vernon Bogdanor. Brasenose's finances were secured, and it thus entered the twenty-first century in a good position as regards financial, extracurricular and academic success.
Location and buildings
Brasenose faces the west side of Radcliffe Square opposite the Radcliffe Camera in the centre of Oxford. The north side is defined by Brasenose Lane, while the south side reaches the High Street. To the west is Lincoln College. At its south-east end, the college is separated from the University Church by St Mary's Passage. The main entrance of the college can be found on Radcliffe Square. Although not located on Turl Street the college has informal links with the three Turl Street colleges (Lincoln, Jesus, and Exeter). The college is also physically linked to Lincoln College through a connecting door, through which Brasenose College members are permitted to enter Lincoln College on Ascension Day each year. The door is opened for five minutes and it is the only time during the year that this door is unlocked. Brasenose members are then served an ale by Lincoln College, which is traditionally flavoured with ground ivy.
The main college site comprises three quads, the original Old Quad, a small quad known as the Deer Park, and the large New Quad, as well as collection of smaller houses facing Radcliffe Square and the High Street. The original college buildings comprised a single two-storey quad, incorporating the original kitchen of Brasenose Hall on the south side. In the 17th century a third floor was added to the quad to form the current Old Quad. A separate chapel was also built to the south, connected to the quad by a library built over a cloister as shown in a 1670 print, thus enclosing the Deer Park. The cloister was for a time the college burial ground, and evidence suggests there were at least 59 people buried there, with the last recorded burial being in 1754. The cloister was filled in to make two or three chambers in around 1807, used as student bedrooms or administrative offices until 1971, when the space was converted into the graduate common room. More recently the graduate common room moved to the Old Quad, and the space, still known as the "Old Cloisters" has been used as a library overspill area, a teaching room and, in 2010β11, as the temporary Senior Common Room. In January 2015, archaeological investigations began as a prelude to a major building project that will restore the stone work and integrate the lower and upper reading rooms, greatly enhancing the college's library provision. The nickname for the Chapel Quad is often thought to be a friendly jibe at Magdalen College which has a genuine deer park known as The Grove.
Dining hall
In the 16th century the dining hall was heated by an open fire in the centre of the room, supplemented by movable braziers. In the 1680s the hall was renovated, with a raised floor to accommodate a wine cellar below and a reconstructed roof. Another renovation phase in the mid-18th century included a new chimneypiece, a new ceiling to cover the original timber beams and two gilded chandeliers. The original brazen nose was placed above high table in 1890.
Chapel and library
Building began on the current chapel in 1656, and it replaced an old chapel which was located in a space now occupied by the Senior Common Room. An inscription commemorates this above the door to Staircase IV. Building materials were taken from a disused chapel at the site of St Maryβs College (now Frewin Hall), transported piece by piece by horse-and-cart to Brasenose College. The chapel, a mix of Gothic and Baroque styles, features a hanging fan vault ceiling of wood and plaster, and was consecrated in 1666. The internal fittings are largely 18th and 19th century, and include chandeliers presented to the college in 1749. These were donated to a parish church and later converted to gas but then returned to Brasenose when the church switched to electric lights. The chandeliers were then converted back to their original state so that candles could be used in them once again.
Various alterations were made to the Chapel after completion. Although repairs were undertaken in the meantime, the interior of the Chapel was renovated (having fallen into a poor state) in 1819, and the exterior beginning in 1841. In 1892β3 a new organ was purchased and fitted, paid for by the then Principal Charles Buller Heberden; the current organ was installed in 1973, and rebuilt in 2002β3.
The current library was begun in 1658 and received its first books in 1664. It replaced a smaller library on Staircase IV, which is now used as a meeting room. The books in the current library were fixed by chains, which were only removed in the 1780s, over a hundred years later.
In May 2018 author Philip Pullman opened the extensively renovated Greenland Library following a Β£4 million project to provide a better working space for students (architects - Lee/Fitzgerald). The library works were funded by three college alumni, Duncan Greenland, James Del Favero and Gerald Smith. Two reading rooms are named in honour of Del Favero and Smith respectively with the overall library taking Greenlandβs name The renovations won an RIBA regional RIBA Conservation award in 2019.
New Quad
New Quad was designed by TG Jackson and finished in 1911, replacing a number of existing buildings. The current site was completed in 1961 with new buildings, used largely for first year undergraduate accommodation, designed by the architects Powell and Moya.
In 2010 a project was begun to renovate the kitchens, servery, dining hall and some other areas of college. The project included the installation of under floor heating and a new timber floor in the dining hall, new kitchen equipment, a new servery area, additional dining and meeting places, and disabled access to the dining hall. During the project, the Old Quad housed a temporary dining hall and kitchen, while the New Quad was used to store building materials.
The dining hall refurbishment was completed by September 2010, whilst the remaining work was completed around Easter 2012. The new catering facilities were unveiled during a ceremony on 14 March 2012. During the ceremony, college members gathered in a restored 15th century building in the heart of college, originally the college kitchens and most recently used as the servery. This room, to be known as the Mediaeval Kitchen, will be used as a new dining space in addition to the main dining hall, which will remain the usual location for student meals. The temporary kitchen and builder's yard were removed and the Quads restored to their normal state during the Easter 2012 vacation.
In recent years the Junior Common Room (JCR) and Bar have also been renovated.
Annexes
The college also has a large undergraduate annexe situated on St Michael's Street, developed from Frewin Hall in the 1940s, and a graduate annexe shared with St Cross College was completed in 1995. The St Cross annexe is laid out in clusters of five bed-sitting rooms, sharing two shower rooms and a kitchen. A second graduate annexe, Hollybush Row, was opened in September 2008 and is located close to the railway station and Said Business School. It consists of single rooms with en-suite bathrooms and shared kitchens. There are also a small number of other graduate houses offered by the college.
Traditions
Coat of arms
Brasenose College's coat of arms is quite complex, since it incorporates the personal arms of the founders and the arms of the See of Lincoln.
Its blazon (description in formal heraldic terms) is: Tierced in pale: (1) Argent, a chevron sable between three roses gules seeded or, barbed vert (for Smyth); (2) or, an escutcheon of the arms of the See of Lincoln (gules, two lions of England in pale or, on a chief azure Our Lady crowned seated on a tombstone issuant from the chief, in her dexter arm the Infant Jesus, in her sinister arm a sceptre, all or) ensigned with a mitre proper; (3) quarterly, first and fourth argent, a chevron between three bugle-horns stringed sable; second and third argent, a chevron between three crosses crosslet sable (for Sutton).
A simpler form has occasionally been used where the central tierce contains the arms of the See of Lincoln, rather than displaying them on a mitred escutcheon. Because of the complexity of the arms they are not suitable for use on items such as the college crested tie, where the brazen nose is used instead.
College prayer
The college prayer is read by the principal or a fellow at evensong on Sundays during term and at gaudies.
Individual benefactors are commemorated in an annual pattern, with the founders being commemorated (as shown above) on the first Sunday of Michaelmas Term, and at all gaudies.
Graces
The following preprandial grace is read by the Bible Clerk at Formal Hall:
The grace after dinner is only read on special occasions, and the list of benefactors included in this grace is quite variable.
Student life
The JCR plays a central part in the life of the undergraduate community. Offering social, recreational and welfare support to the students, the elected committee addresses many aspects of student life and liaises with the governing body and graduate student representatives.
Unlike most Oxford colleges, the graduate common room is known as the Hulme Common Room (HCR), named after a past benefactor, rather than the Middle Common Room (MCR).
The college also organises an annual summer arts festival, one of the largest in the university. First staged in 1994, it features plays, pantomimes, comedy evenings, musical performances, and a keenly-contested bake-off. In 2016, the college held its 22nd summer arts festival, which featured six days of open-air plays, music concerts, a stage combat workshop, an outdoor film night, a poetry brunch as well as an outdoor summer bar, all organised by Brasenose students. In 2015 Brasenose also celebrated the 40th anniversary of the admission of women into the college through an exhibition, which modelled the portraits in the Dining Hall, by filling the JCR with a series of portraits of female alumnae "40 Years of Brasenose Women". In 2017 the undergraduates held their first "Frewchella" festival, named after the Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival in California and the college's Frewin Annexe, featuring food, music and a bouncy castle. In 2018 special events included Chinese New Year, a St David's Day dinner and an Egg Hunt.
Music
The college has a director of music, who directs the chapel choir with the assistance of three organ scholars. The director of music also facilitates a range of concerts, which usually happen on a weekly basis. These include the professional Platnauer Concerts, held in memory of Maurice Platnauer, principal of Brasenose (1956β1960). Other concerts are designed to highlight talented soloists or groups of performers in college. The college awards up to four music scholarships at any one time through auditions in the year prior to entry or at the beginning of the academic year.
Brasenose College has a non-auditioned choir, although up to eight choral scholarships are offered to members of Brasenose, again, through auditions in the year prior to entry or at the beginning of the academic year. The choir sings Evensong every Sunday, and also sings for various special services and events, including two carol services, the annual joint service with Lincoln College and other occasions. Recently there has been the inauguration of a biennial Alumni and Music Reunion Dinner, with a Festal Evensong for all attendees preceding this. The choir regularly goes on tour, for instance to Paris in 2006, Lombardy in 2009, Rome in 2010 and Belgium in 2013, and sings at cathedrals near Oxford during term-time.
In 2010 and 2011 the college ran the Wondrous Machine event, where local primary school children were invited to Brasenose for interactive sessions to learn about the pipe organ and the science behind the musical instrument.
Sport
Brasenose College Boat Club (commonly abbreviated to BNCBC) is the rowing club of the college and is believed to be one of the oldest boat clubs in the world. The date of formation of the club is impossible to verify: a boat from the college took part in the earliest recorded race between rowing clubs anywhere in the world. This was a head race in Oxford in 1815, beating Jesus College Boat Club. A number of college members have rowed for the university against Cambridge University in the Boat Race and the Women's Boat Race. Notably, Walter Woodgate, a Boat Race winner, eleven-time Henley champion and inventor of the coxless four, John (Con) Cherry who represented Great Britain at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin and Andrew Lindsay who won a gold medal in rowing at the 2000 Summer Olympics, and participated in the Boat Race in 1998 and 1999. Other students who rowed while at the college have achieved success in other fields, including James John Hornby who became headmaster of Eton College.
The college boathouse, which is shared with Exeter College Boat Club, is in Christ Church Meadow, on the Isis (as the River Thames is called in Oxford). It replaced a moored barge used by club-member and spectators. Brasenose College Rugby Football Club (abbreviated to BNCRFC) can draw association with William Webb Ellis, who is often credited as the inventor of the game and studied at Brasenose.
People associated with the college
Notable former students of the college have included politicians, scientists, writers, entertainers and academics.
Among the best known living Brasenose alumni are former Prime Minister David Cameron, former Prime Minister of Australia Malcolm Turnbull, actor/comedian Mark Williams, actor/comedian Michael Palin, and Jessie Burton, author of The Miniaturist, as well as Duncan Campbell, journalist and co-founder of the charity Stonewall, Dominic Barton, former managing director of McKinsey and the Canadian ambassador to China, author David Langford, Bruce Kent, active in the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament, J. Michael Kosterlitz, Nobel laureate in Physics in 2016, Kate Allen director of Amnesty International UK, and George Monbiot, environmental and political activist.
Earlier alumni include Henry Addington, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, Elias Ashmole, founder of the Ashmolean Museum, John Buchan, author of The Thirty-Nine Steps, John Clavell, highwayman and author, Colin Cowdrey, English Test batsman, William Webb Ellis, often credited with the invention of Rugby football, John Foxe, author of Actes and Monuments popularly abridged as Foxe's Book of Martyrs, William Golding, winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature, John Gorton, Prime Minister of Australia, William Robert Grove, pioneer of fuel cells, Douglas Haig, 1st Earl Haig, soldier, Robert Runcie, Archbishop of Canterbury, and Thomas Traherne, poet and theologian.
See also
Brasenose College Boat Club
Brasenose Lane
Camden Professor of Ancient History
Radcliffe Square
References
Bibliography
External links
Official website
Official HCR website
JCR website
Virtual tour of Brasenose College
1509 establishments in England
Buildings and structures of the University of Oxford
Colleges of the University of Oxford
Educational institutions established in the 1500s
Grade I listed buildings in Oxford
Grade I listed educational buildings
Organisations based in Oxford with royal patronage
Hulme Trust | [
-0.1908579021692276,
0.631258487701416,
0.2930296063423157,
-0.970067024230957,
0.06927891075611115,
0.3181968331336975,
0.943640410900116,
1.0740599632263184,
-0.698539674282074,
-0.1320362091064453,
-0.624671459197998,
-0.13510821759700775,
0.2553735375404358,
0.23306578397750854,
0.1954839676618576,
-0.23974813520908356,
0.7141311168670654,
0.14711715281009674,
0.5267834067344666,
-0.8921907544136047,
-0.05635363608598709,
-0.0007501122890971601,
-0.18148893117904663,
0.599240779876709,
0.2960886061191559,
0.04485055059194565,
0.3893628418445587,
-0.3336820900440216,
-0.23480923473834991,
-0.399988055229187,
0.6618264317512512,
-0.07678350806236267,
-0.056090157479047775,
-0.6604518890380859,
0.12612825632095337,
-0.30371469259262085,
0.19224673509597778,
-0.5354046821594238,
-0.1883724331855774,
-0.21255695819854736,
-0.001916693989187479,
-0.42003101110458374,
0.49435922503471375,
0.00704339100047946,
-0.3989754021167755,
-0.5291517376899719,
-0.4406507611274719,
0.6514182686805725,
-0.5598658323287964,
0.22201600670814514,
-0.17854437232017517,
0.5697847008705139,
0.34000787138938904,
-0.45993444323539734,
0.28104928135871887,
0.2437458336353302,
-0.8430696129798889,
0.17233547568321228,
0.5465132594108582,
-0.09882236272096634,
0.224373459815979,
0.9132516384124756,
-0.33584803342819214,
0.4876057505607605,
-0.24854764342308044,
0.27330777049064636,
-0.2668073773384094,
0.2404950112104416,
-0.9910956621170044,
-0.029332026839256287,
-0.2224835902452469,
-0.16497105360031128,
-0.05852080509066582,
0.5275059938430786,
-0.41244471073150635,
-0.5171066522598267,
-0.1073809489607811,
0.11461442708969116,
0.35249629616737366,
-0.20063477754592896,
0.2939952313899994,
0.2618902325630188,
0.4952509105205536,
0.2741538882255554,
0.6174240708351135,
0.9726811051368713,
-0.8733484745025635,
-0.15219348669052124,
-0.4649696946144104,
0.404120534658432,
-0.44896191358566284,
0.14481639862060547,
-0.04040268436074257,
0.1315755397081375,
0.2151893973350525,
-0.3648798167705536,
-0.24627994000911713,
0.16710907220840454,
0.4261114299297333,
-0.07649572938680649,
-0.2310187816619873,
0.1382945328950882,
0.39882493019104004,
0.10967614501714706,
-0.4827292561531067,
0.037005215883255005,
-1.0131714344024658,
-0.652251660823822,
-0.1414473056793213,
0.07135036587715149,
-0.8832166194915771,
-0.10209614783525467,
-0.4465927183628082,
0.048464447259902954,
-0.17306751012802124,
-0.1262957602739334,
-0.07973713427782059,
-0.45210549235343933,
-0.7234917879104614,
-0.3575702905654907,
-0.13754692673683167,
0.573146641254425,
0.013956351205706596,
0.2608075439929962,
-0.20971743762493134,
0.17956049740314484,
-0.11578386276960373,
0.2584771513938904,
-0.0993010550737381,
-0.06634422391653061,
0.029556293040513992,
0.5882369875907898,
0.3995749354362488,
0.03232894092798233,
-0.12832389771938324,
-0.20798231661319733,
-0.012059354223310947,
-0.4449923634529114,
0.30553632974624634,
0.9457640051841736,
-0.6701844334602356,
-0.19634553790092468,
-0.14603561162948608,
-0.08270987123250961,
0.7012463212013245,
-0.3729536533355713,
-0.22985807061195374,
0.19952674210071564,
0.05718761309981346,
-0.20456776022911072,
0.5619747638702393,
0.32465407252311707,
-0.5721012949943542,
-0.5089410543441772,
-0.23733066022396088,
0.6738263964653015,
0.25278395414352417,
0.4387648105621338,
0.01861816830933094,
0.06651621311903,
-0.49503424763679504,
-0.17184700071811676,
0.6137794852256775,
0.006385647226125002,
0.3425050973892212,
-0.15862147510051727,
0.8787736296653748,
-0.41456684470176697,
-0.4078458249568939,
0.17836858332157135,
-1.0524647235870361,
-0.19236119091510773,
0.7960982322692871,
-0.39095938205718994,
-0.2399313598871231,
-0.23060807585716248,
0.5341755151748657,
0.23440247774124146,
0.4991739094257355,
-0.5048730969429016,
-0.6555649638175964,
0.42866769433021545,
0.013057559728622437,
-0.165399968624115,
-0.07126297056674957,
-0.07005372643470764,
0.06627532839775085,
0.1187778040766716,
-0.3466165363788605,
0.38101211190223694,
-0.5023626685142517,
-0.37234362959861755,
0.20510753989219666,
-0.11931633204221725,
1.257739782333374,
0.14491988718509674,
-0.7058655619621277,
0.823521614074707,
-0.6597087383270264,
0.8520766496658325,
0.21702195703983307,
-0.004101159516721964,
-0.5984120965003967,
-0.34172964096069336,
-0.20571556687355042,
0.29986846446990967,
0.5147340297698975,
-0.09960905462503433,
1.0187817811965942,
-0.059235453605651855,
0.18184974789619446,
-0.30832991003990173,
0.35049721598625183,
0.3163146376609802,
0.3251902163028717,
-0.5610581040382385,
-0.17811349034309387,
-0.20635569095611572,
0.13150449097156525,
-0.749158501625061,
0.8604394793510437,
-0.059266794472932816,
0.5537011623382568,
0.43653449416160583,
-0.4204416573047638,
0.11219069361686707,
-0.347194105386734,
0.41342929005622864,
0.09180919080972672,
-0.327682226896286,
0.7071771621704102,
0.43405240774154663,
-0.13537627458572388,
-0.15706679224967957,
-0.038678575307130814,
-0.4343666434288025,
-0.46647515892982483,
-0.4181535542011261,
0.6974846124649048,
0.20776137709617615,
0.1339264214038849,
-0.07367550581693649,
-0.9623852968215942,
0.6758297681808472,
0.06321163475513458,
0.17296266555786133,
0.14488950371742249,
0.5044185519218445,
-0.290218710899353,
-0.013897759839892387,
0.19573992490768433,
-0.16976915299892426,
0.14650805294513702,
0.2961868941783905,
0.3041880428791046,
0.31767261028289795,
-0.10382027924060822,
0.6188763380050659,
0.30442488193511963,
0.24814172089099884,
-0.21474945545196533,
-0.26094597578048706,
0.009854710660874844,
0.6369194984436035,
-0.7284623980522156,
-0.3613438010215759,
-0.5758634209632874,
-0.4479176998138428,
0.5015736222267151,
-0.05850554257631302,
-0.006491953041404486,
-0.6023869514465332,
-0.3319234549999237,
0.2559353709220886,
-0.24703530967235565,
0.038147952407598495,
0.4360750913619995,
0.10273726284503937,
-0.6632122993469238,
-0.14845316112041473,
-0.0862150639295578,
0.7266340255737305,
-0.34284642338752747,
-0.4915916323661804,
-0.2175491899251938,
-0.08885239064693451,
0.127733051776886,
-0.3625454008579254,
0.10966697335243225,
0.06286939233541489,
0.03619088605046272,
0.5826455950737,
0.18247947096824646,
0.05894756689667702,
0.16068033874034882,
0.38315778970718384,
0.37080326676368713,
-0.4722524583339691,
-0.006805536802858114,
-0.21726679801940918,
-0.05971613526344299,
0.6120418906211853,
0.0656718760728836,
0.5886111259460449,
0.666303813457489,
-0.19069920480251312,
-0.10208267718553543,
0.03335215523838997,
-5.550867080688477,
0.05338502675294876,
-0.6115750670433044,
0.07980639487504959,
1.258408784866333,
-0.4368995130062103,
0.29419344663619995,
-0.5258974432945251,
-0.24791425466537476,
-0.39353594183921814,
-0.539395809173584,
-0.31584712862968445,
-0.23409110307693481,
0.29640722274780273,
0.04201384633779526,
0.7257851362228394,
0.4764372706413269,
-0.11037558317184448,
0.07493963837623596,
0.7343109250068665,
-0.051660697907209396,
0.05350596830248833,
0.5513647198677063,
0.14469163119792938,
0.2007245123386383,
0.8279566764831543,
-0.3992156684398651,
0.11150924861431122,
-0.2798886001110077,
-0.23224790394306183,
0.5283114314079285,
-0.2586356997489929,
0.16050784289836884,
-0.649499237537384,
-0.2500264048576355,
0.21592770516872406,
0.5186464190483093,
0.25133216381073,
0.501301109790802,
0.16030405461788177,
0.5800674557685852,
0.18772445619106293,
0.10624127835035324,
0.051994457840919495,
0.4633508622646332,
-0.700579822063446,
-0.6286374926567078,
-0.1261468231678009,
-0.504874587059021,
0.627432107925415,
-0.5482865571975708,
0.30895885825157166,
0.5105931162834167,
0.09340190887451172,
-0.4164634943008423,
-0.4592685401439667,
0.016603821888566017,
-0.12364031374454498,
-0.1391781121492386,
-0.0638127326965332,
0.10331176966428757,
-0.4657577872276306,
0.030649328604340553,
-0.5525445938110352,
-0.2590317726135254,
-0.6228819489479065,
-0.09804564714431763,
0.7166955471038818,
0.16083472967147827,
0.26263630390167236,
-0.1041373461484909,
0.20747071504592896,
-0.07027187943458557,
-0.8174768686294556,
-0.3895340859889984,
-0.8659602403640747,
-0.25080183148384094,
-0.33343085646629333,
0.1951153725385666,
-0.06076892465353012,
0.126205712556839,
0.11621514707803726,
-0.7318235635757446,
0.8713969588279724,
0.18822379410266876,
-0.6659233570098877,
-0.4776744246482849,
0.19346939027309418,
-0.6998000144958496,
-0.5638846158981323,
0.0864088237285614,
-0.02378944307565689,
-0.4930526316165924,
0.35465893149375916,
0.31192320585250854,
0.005722756031900644,
-0.05471964552998543,
0.3252542316913605,
-0.030010182410478592,
-0.21711020171642303,
0.6013607382774353,
-0.552262008190155,
0.11228668689727783,
0.06341353803873062,
-0.3557954728603363,
-0.5361812710762024,
0.07876231521368027,
0.563920259475708,
0.21811367571353912,
0.1818993091583252,
0.07530536502599716,
-0.28414392471313477,
-0.8200467228889465,
0.21198616921901703,
-0.3292650282382965,
-0.17190603911876678,
-0.5217248201370239,
0.17101970314979553,
-0.4030338525772095,
0.08005395531654358,
0.06758403033018112,
0.2646844983100891,
0.3189374804496765,
-0.17841742932796478,
-0.39023178815841675,
-0.3734855055809021,
0.23599697649478912,
-0.2517586946487427,
-0.3739611506462097,
-0.6159399151802063,
0.07350137829780579,
-0.28648898005485535,
-0.1766592413187027,
0.3367282450199127,
-0.3286343514919281,
-0.1552829146385193,
-0.31717875599861145,
-0.05181657895445824,
-0.17706003785133362,
0.45187389850616455,
0.2033974975347519,
0.03916819766163826,
0.04614410549402237,
0.3365570306777954,
0.2789541780948639,
0.46270525455474854,
0.027674289420247078,
0.21411778032779694,
-0.8385347127914429,
0.4162435829639435,
-0.14609293639659882,
-0.378008633852005,
0.2083597630262375,
-0.1203698217868805,
0.28204283118247986,
0.07344606518745422,
-0.47461485862731934,
0.6920443177223206,
0.12047736346721649,
0.10754238069057465,
-0.3447646498680115,
0.01844732277095318,
-0.5272753834724426,
-0.24770087003707886,
0.5305241942405701,
-0.00048743069055490196,
-0.1808825582265854,
-0.4883759617805481,
-0.9384809732437134,
0.11548127979040146,
-0.0989684984087944,
-0.05373694375157356,
-0.8631867170333862,
-0.21918846666812897,
0.214585542678833,
0.17495140433311462,
-0.32089000940322876,
-0.3137069344520569,
0.10252820700407028,
-0.039980415254831314,
0.19387076795101166,
-0.4551170766353607,
0.5092236399650574,
0.36129602789878845,
0.8391661047935486,
-0.39352405071258545,
-0.5893915295600891,
-0.31204360723495483,
0.5132710933685303,
-0.4565541744232178,
0.3857899606227875,
-0.5391736030578613,
0.28195011615753174,
0.03283267840743065,
-0.33428412675857544,
-0.6645002961158752,
-0.21660420298576355,
-0.05739159509539604,
-0.286912202835083,
0.03248216584324837,
-0.12105332314968109,
0.5288829207420349,
-0.5417852997779846,
0.7195080518722534,
0.310120552778244,
-0.4198687970638275,
0.3039889633655548,
0.19501136243343353,
-0.3107799291610718,
0.5458648204803467,
-0.08947987854480743,
-0.9421947002410889,
0.6774081587791443,
0.23599101603031158,
-0.9020294547080994,
-0.4362281262874603,
0.009810684248805046,
-0.373032808303833,
-0.4812934994697571,
0.000986969331279397,
-0.5504093170166016,
-0.336451917886734,
-0.0043919263407588005,
-0.0023510362952947617,
-0.5179324746131897,
0.19850413501262665,
0.3400372266769409,
-0.27539560198783875,
0.5277894139289856,
-0.3599318861961365,
0.24824172258377075,
-0.06511449068784714,
-0.014169036410748959,
-0.14253398776054382,
0.4206249415874481,
0.03331712260842323,
0.12346906214952469,
0.1887298971414566,
-0.1243247538805008,
0.13857650756835938,
0.16121132671833038,
0.8994323015213013,
-0.017017332836985588,
-0.49920475482940674,
-0.24096807837486267,
0.34820690751075745,
0.45492103695869446,
0.4680629074573517,
-0.3765049874782562,
0.23495155572891235,
0.37521860003471375,
-0.1322552114725113,
-0.3181619942188263,
-0.16874492168426514,
0.016374249011278152,
-0.5437304377555847,
-0.016965648159384727,
0.04824681207537651,
-0.2823010981082916,
-0.39312827587127686,
0.24096140265464783,
0.4224204421043396,
-0.39276787638664246,
0.4609992802143097,
-0.2604609429836273,
-0.3290184736251831,
-0.27849796414375305,
-0.5410848259925842,
0.5044000148773193,
-0.39425820112228394,
-0.035026974976062775,
-0.37638381123542786,
0.05891134962439537,
0.5641555786132812,
-0.1715264618396759,
0.28941255807876587,
0.08517935872077942,
-0.6569268703460693,
0.9420530796051025,
-0.024815497919917107,
-0.5702208876609802,
0.15467296540737152,
0.1589200794696808,
-0.4366045892238617,
0.29885435104370117,
-0.9764738082885742,
0.1306007355451584,
0.37737494707107544,
-0.23098452389240265,
0.5983701348304749,
-0.6675755381584167,
-0.6771296858787537,
-0.051425762474536896,
-0.18816830217838287,
-0.3006344437599182,
0.1452523022890091,
0.15564998984336853,
-0.08378909528255463,
0.6769495606422424,
0.025500236079096794,
-0.6719321608543396,
0.825844943523407,
0.5273337364196777,
-0.04168625548481941,
0.3424628674983978,
0.3947150409221649,
-0.4243481159210205,
-0.3019016981124878,
-0.11349063366651535,
0.04312043637037277,
0.002788361394777894,
-0.2349165827035904,
0.4785756766796112,
0.6552504301071167,
-0.484868586063385,
-0.0033745262771844864,
0.4313816726207733,
-0.8185279369354248,
-0.03641919046640396,
0.7348665595054626,
-0.34419652819633484,
0.4414234459400177,
0.28350627422332764,
0.05541190505027771,
0.22743162512779236,
1.009408950805664,
-0.6695321798324585,
-0.7833759784698486,
0.006981612183153629,
0.4374057352542877,
-0.025121459737420082,
-0.2845344841480255,
-0.4819857180118561,
0.7338670492172241,
-0.4249929189682007,
-0.2250659018754959,
0.11610285937786102,
-0.7691150903701782,
-0.3467586040496826,
0.3086388111114502,
0.39244043827056885,
0.7116011381149292,
-0.6028333902359009,
-0.04990691691637039,
-0.5226501226425171,
-0.11131243407726288,
0.22678789496421814,
0.2092498391866684,
-0.030261462554335594,
0.23755192756652832,
0.29463014006614685,
-0.19073182344436646,
0.2692359983921051,
0.17860658466815948,
-0.034233108162879944,
0.23226605355739594,
-0.20734556019306183,
0.11667387932538986,
-0.6216633319854736,
-0.02382304146885872,
-0.3549722731113434,
0.9012205600738525,
0.9071294665336609,
-0.223023921251297,
0.057800501585006714,
0.2503926753997803,
0.6271458864212036,
-0.06041194126009941,
0.25918933749198914,
0.6913127303123474,
0.04625306278467178,
0.2675473093986511,
0.3179748058319092,
-0.9856239557266235,
0.027480019256472588,
0.025874892249703407,
-0.17318212985992432,
0.8568078875541687,
-0.25316938757896423,
-0.43643298745155334,
-0.02724313922226429,
-0.15214316546916962,
-0.5721383094787598,
-0.11925127357244492,
0.03452734276652336,
-0.7358261346817017,
-0.6250117421150208,
0.3166758716106415,
-1.0493857860565186,
0.0006521024042740464,
0.06338225305080414,
-0.39982688426971436,
0.10588543117046356,
0.2929893136024475,
-0.3294968903064728,
0.038812242448329926,
0.0632881224155426,
0.7339314818382263,
0.31924954056739807,
-0.06590104848146439,
0.12607808411121368,
0.2774631381034851,
-0.40988147258758545,
0.2935980260372162,
-0.06195836141705513,
0.10098998248577118,
-0.25893184542655945,
0.5937968492507935,
-0.3661709427833557,
-0.23619021475315094,
0.24119813740253448,
0.5327420234680176,
-0.22464610636234283,
0.5693978071212769,
-0.15061251819133759,
1.0649032592773438,
0.6616990566253662,
-0.061911407858133316,
-0.40324917435646057,
0.34343552589416504,
-0.3831011950969696,
0.517810583114624,
0.10252348333597183,
0.5836760401725769,
0.1648126244544983,
-0.23200741410255432,
0.06798262894153595,
0.44044941663742065,
-0.9015601873397827,
0.5813385248184204,
-0.0072769662365317345,
-0.1335000991821289,
-0.40605902671813965,
0.26674410700798035,
-0.3414619266986847,
0.1422581523656845,
0.629245400428772,
1.067596673965454,
0.0339665561914444,
-0.5506411194801331,
-0.5229352712631226,
0.11149584501981735,
0.5962064862251282,
0.5122916102409363,
0.28693366050720215,
-0.03574252873659134,
-0.3647448718547821,
-0.2886762320995331,
-0.4764763116836548,
0.06215151771903038,
0.725459635257721,
-0.1731228083372116,
0.3278571367263794,
-0.4321214258670807,
0.13006675243377686,
-0.17392928898334503,
0.05651954934000969,
-0.14009860157966614,
0.7557690143585205,
0.4737979769706726
]
|
128301 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botkyrka%20Municipality | Botkyrka Municipality | Botkyrka Municipality ( ) is a municipality in Stockholm County in east central Sweden, not far from the capital Stockholm. Its seat is located in the town of Tumba.
In 1971 GrΓΆdinge was merged with Botkyrka and in 1974 Salem was added. The Salem part was split off again in 1983, and a new Salem Municipality was formed.
Botkyrka has an estimated population of 91,925.
History
The municipality is named after Saint Botvid, a Christian missionary during the 12th century. Saint Botvid is shown on the seal and coat of arms of Botkyrka Municipality, where he carries an axe and a fish. Another remnant of Botkyrka's Christian medieval history is the Botkyrka church, made of stone.
Politically the municipality is primarily Social Democratic, that has governed Botkyrka for a long period except 3 years in the early 1990s. However, with fewer seats the party now governs together with The Green Party, and The Left Party. There have also been several local parties. For a long period a local party called Botkyrkapartiet (The Botkyrka Party) has held several seats. A party was also active from mid 1980s to mid 1990s with only one purpose - to prevent the exploitation of the small airfield, F18, in Tullinge to become a commercial airport in the 1980s. In the election 2010 a local party for the area of Tullinge got 6 seats on the agenda of separating Tullinge from Botkyrka as a separate municipality.
Botkyrka has two local, weekly, newspapers called "Mitt i Botkyrka" (Middle of Botkyrka) and "SΓΆdra Sidan" (South side). They are delivered free of charge to all households.
The Swedish hip hop group The Latin Kings raps about life in Botkyrka in several of their songs.
In its December 2015 report, Police in Sweden placed the Hallunda and Norsborg districts in the most severe category of urban areas with high crime rates. In its 2017 report, Police in Sweden added the Alby and Fittja districts to the category.
Demographics
The northern and eastern parts of the municipality are in the contiguous Stockholm urban area. Tumba forms a locality (tΓ€tort) of its own (which partly is in Salem Municipality). VΓ₯rsta is in the central part. The southern half of the municipality is mostly rural.
Residents with a foreign background
Botkyrka, particularly Northern Botkyrka, has one of the highest percentages of first and second generation immigrants in Sweden. 56.4% the population has at least one parent born in another country. This makes the municipality a multi-cultural community with for example a big Syriac Orthodox Church in Hallunda and a mosque in Fittja.
In 2017, Botkyrka was one of three municipalities in Sweden with a population majority of foreign background. On the 31st of December 2017 the number of people with a foreign background (persons born outside of Sweden or with two parents born outside of Sweden) was 53Β 827, or 58.56% of the population (91Β 925 on the 31st of December 2017). On the 31st of December 2002 the number of residents with a foreign background was (per the same definition) 35Β 384, or 47.04% of the population (75Β 216 on the 31st of December 2002). On 31 December 2017 there were 91Β 925 residents in Botkyrka, of which 38Β 130 people (41.48%) were born in a country other than Sweden. Divided by country in the table below - the Nordic countries as well as the 12 most common countries of birth outside of Sweden for Swedish residents have been included, with other countries of birth bundled together by continent by Statistics Sweden.
Public transportation
Botkyrka is served by the Stockholm public transport system. Stockholm metro has four and Stockholm commuter rail two stations within the municipality. There is also an extensive SL bus network.
Companies
Botkyrka is a municipality with several world-famous companies.
Alfa Laval, a leading producer of specialized products and solutions used to heat, cool, separate and transport products including oil, water, chemicals, beverages, foodstuffs, starch and pharmaceuticals. The company also owns significant land in Botkyrka used for development of its agricultural division.
DeLaval, a leading producer of dairy and farming machinery.
Crane AB, a banknote design and paper production company.
Notably, Lars Magnus Ericsson who founded the LM Ericsson company (now known as Ericsson) also had properties in Botkyrka, including HΓ₯gelby gΓ₯rd which today is used for conferences and as an excursion place with gardens, animals, stone age village and more.
Districts
Fittja
Alby
Hallunda
Norsborg
Eriksberg
Tumba
Tullinge
VΓ₯rsta
Sports
The following sports clubs are located in Botkyrka:
Arameiska-Syrianska Botkyrka IF
Konyaspor KIF
Assyriska Botkyrka FF
IFK Tumba FK
References
External links
Botkyrka Municipality - Official site in English
Botkyrka Municipality Facts - Official facts
Municipalities of Stockholm County
Metropolitan Stockholm
Stockholm urban area | [
0.38582751154899597,
-0.007250041700899601,
0.3709908723831177,
0.3066686987876892,
-0.5076930522918701,
0.08833909034729004,
1.0813432931900024,
-0.2822721600532532,
-0.725845217704773,
-0.3594830632209778,
0.3175762891769409,
-0.3974689841270447,
-0.3148072063922882,
0.5093255043029785,
-0.6330828666687012,
0.34669819474220276,
0.12002744525671005,
1.1528571844100952,
-0.02946442738175392,
-0.6489741802215576,
0.19208769500255585,
-0.1445567011833191,
0.3411467969417572,
0.8617634177207947,
0.21310678124427795,
-0.1885938197374344,
0.48343855142593384,
0.6043218374252319,
0.19195014238357544,
0.20645803213119507,
-0.46032434701919556,
0.7004218101501465,
-0.2554507553577423,
-0.29869014024734497,
0.4195970892906189,
-0.13766126334667206,
-0.37467139959335327,
-0.5503212213516235,
0.32487258315086365,
0.24205824732780457,
-0.44520848989486694,
0.6020409464836121,
-0.5561650395393372,
0.19079290330410004,
0.4257637560367584,
-1.6037418842315674,
-1.5214663743972778,
0.6139662861824036,
-0.9421340823173523,
0.7289514541625977,
-0.7945957779884338,
0.02644539438188076,
0.03463097661733627,
0.867358386516571,
-0.27022963762283325,
-0.0021958251018077135,
-0.9175226092338562,
0.6603381037712097,
-0.16381621360778809,
0.3903888761997223,
-0.5253079533576965,
0.2902616560459137,
-0.28552794456481934,
-0.3653916120529175,
1.1429564952850342,
0.21040195226669312,
0.2830664813518524,
0.3995605409145355,
-0.11641621589660645,
-0.5417523980140686,
-1.040161371231079,
0.4353733956813812,
0.2572084069252014,
-0.1798233687877655,
-0.05727169290184975,
-0.737021803855896,
0.26959913969039917,
-0.33119529485702515,
0.32365766167640686,
-0.07720298320055008,
-0.1423531174659729,
-0.3760550618171692,
0.5904008150100708,
0.5213548541069031,
0.7535747289657593,
-0.326168417930603,
-1.2980612516403198,
-0.8185500502586365,
-0.29492825269699097,
0.05770895257592201,
-0.0643257275223732,
0.23847615718841553,
0.13758635520935059,
0.02258111722767353,
0.2668326497077942,
0.16085705161094666,
-0.6048694849014282,
0.33942967653274536,
-0.4520190954208374,
0.7948572635650635,
-0.6274424195289612,
0.6615613102912903,
0.28737255930900574,
0.2337544560432434,
-0.060810402035713196,
-1.0549936294555664,
-0.55122971534729,
-0.26525214314460754,
0.031218677759170532,
-0.05310715734958649,
-0.7125852704048157,
0.30051133036613464,
0.057045381516218185,
-0.11095622181892395,
0.006319368723779917,
0.7866038680076599,
-0.09394614398479462,
-0.0015060901641845703,
-0.040109388530254364,
-0.09768304228782654,
-0.06362975388765335,
0.9943549633026123,
-0.03128497302532196,
0.07226746529340744,
0.03653055801987648,
-0.17441801726818085,
0.4641006290912628,
0.465961754322052,
-0.053087446838617325,
0.24038375914096832,
0.5309867858886719,
1.1947351694107056,
-0.640750527381897,
0.11004199087619781,
0.20940379798412323,
-0.24037830531597137,
-0.03880224749445915,
0.9764416813850403,
0.18060170114040375,
0.16316772997379303,
-0.8396621346473694,
-0.048402976244688034,
-0.7488372325897217,
-0.21977375447750092,
0.3261510133743286,
-0.1361149698495865,
-0.30441462993621826,
-0.6730718016624451,
-0.3564198911190033,
-0.41829097270965576,
0.6487676501274109,
0.10237587988376617,
0.18579021096229553,
0.28931713104248047,
-0.3336023688316345,
0.12409375607967377,
0.09919876605272293,
-0.07957027852535248,
0.28890174627304077,
0.2908737361431122,
0.4156441390514374,
-0.4807634949684143,
0.4893805682659149,
-0.6656613945960999,
-0.298040509223938,
-0.24158988893032074,
0.49973055720329285,
0.7673017382621765,
0.8098078966140747,
0.04244106635451317,
-0.911687970161438,
-0.5584805607795715,
0.6091046333312988,
-0.6211395263671875,
0.8745438456535339,
-0.47280171513557434,
0.2210489809513092,
0.032495804131031036,
0.3867047131061554,
-0.1745898276567459,
-0.9626162052154541,
0.4978744685649872,
-0.14744684100151062,
-0.30898386240005493,
0.0691324844956398,
0.6885291337966919,
0.0705370381474495,
0.365658700466156,
-0.16487327218055725,
0.3734147846698761,
0.27150678634643555,
-0.7139672040939331,
0.5063109993934631,
0.858346700668335,
1.068783164024353,
0.6823129653930664,
-0.18012292683124542,
0.04143885523080826,
-0.16489312052726746,
0.09909598529338837,
-0.2927946150302887,
-0.33758217096328735,
0.3061385452747345,
-0.19181688129901886,
-0.11908144503831863,
0.5599979162216187,
0.03542083874344826,
-0.08081149309873581,
-0.5629642009735107,
1.1879916191101074,
-0.2135845273733139,
-0.9496997594833374,
0.33275067806243896,
0.022622065618634224,
-0.36537039279937744,
-0.47184184193611145,
-0.23353633284568787,
0.13891498744487762,
0.3650335967540741,
-0.24168440699577332,
0.48401033878326416,
0.08629749715328217,
-0.22453543543815613,
-0.1676739603281021,
0.7191276550292969,
0.7738160490989685,
0.43379607796669006,
1.2414860725402832,
-0.34246498346328735,
-0.7364784479141235,
0.5210901498794556,
0.32367178797721863,
0.2054891139268875,
0.3907599151134491,
-0.590704083442688,
-0.40485262870788574,
-0.5210882425308228,
0.15699373185634613,
0.18414942920207977,
-0.5555838942527771,
0.22877371311187744,
0.22826392948627472,
-0.7707844972610474,
0.2026216983795166,
0.940222442150116,
0.9805731177330017,
-0.6780683398246765,
-0.09284733235836029,
0.29270607233047485,
-0.6682878732681274,
0.12411355972290039,
-0.38401442766189575,
-0.016163311898708344,
-0.5809503793716431,
-0.08202210813760757,
-0.2965124845504761,
0.2946036756038666,
0.18279705941677094,
0.4471563398838043,
0.2492484301328659,
-0.824059784412384,
0.17846082150936127,
0.3143925666809082,
0.040895674377679825,
-0.6558660864830017,
-0.6762223243713379,
-0.05450992286205292,
-0.6189935803413391,
0.5039983987808228,
0.12928535044193268,
0.1279182732105255,
-0.56729656457901,
-0.2897270917892456,
-0.5903207063674927,
0.2565954625606537,
-0.3391702175140381,
-0.3726332485675812,
0.03155289962887764,
-0.8024652004241943,
-0.20285101234912872,
0.39988255500793457,
0.8319138884544373,
-0.254061222076416,
-1.2676312923431396,
-0.29719147086143494,
-0.1892092525959015,
0.14801658689975739,
0.5395283699035645,
-0.023236876353621483,
-0.3764544427394867,
-0.6943734288215637,
0.1344948261976242,
-0.7364082336425781,
0.17410293221473694,
-0.09496454894542694,
-0.06531745940446854,
-0.4830663800239563,
0.32382190227508545,
0.6220971941947937,
-0.5302039384841919,
-0.8516975045204163,
0.7676360011100769,
-0.1289444863796234,
0.18454670906066895,
-0.3501507341861725,
-0.41050025820732117,
-0.4464298486709595,
-0.26061567664146423,
-4.3254899978637695,
0.3551248610019684,
-0.4642271399497986,
-0.13507896661758423,
-0.10481756180524826,
0.3065028488636017,
0.421392023563385,
-0.14231999218463898,
-0.1579046994447708,
-0.07361414283514023,
-0.037970609962940216,
-0.1348457634449005,
0.28050118684768677,
1.6841682195663452,
0.7498431205749512,
0.878155529499054,
-0.13316111266613007,
-0.00470898998901248,
-0.15934118628501892,
-0.2435665726661682,
-0.3126748204231262,
0.20257455110549927,
-0.716567873954773,
0.15689750015735626,
0.8177540302276611,
0.19221347570419312,
-0.14734701812267303,
-0.03669223189353943,
-0.9271926283836365,
-0.523744523525238,
0.17738226056098938,
-0.2090926617383957,
0.05182362720370293,
-0.113740473985672,
-0.23278817534446716,
0.13888835906982422,
0.6554983258247375,
0.44413119554519653,
0.17439572513103485,
-0.669930636882782,
-0.051893167197704315,
1.1635743379592896,
0.21208564937114716,
-0.23655091226100922,
0.5314255952835083,
-0.27441030740737915,
-1.1365827322006226,
0.11622937023639679,
-0.8288648128509521,
0.6728386282920837,
0.7942131161689758,
-0.5402306914329529,
0.5168942213058472,
0.35079264640808105,
-0.21166706085205078,
-0.7264007329940796,
0.7243096828460693,
-0.4938390851020813,
-0.030138542875647545,
0.5985904932022095,
0.3809202015399933,
0.16096945106983185,
-0.2075895369052887,
-0.8202160596847534,
0.07100745290517807,
0.15513217449188232,
0.4104889929294586,
-0.01936083659529686,
0.4818602204322815,
0.07657197117805481,
0.009303695522248745,
-0.07810293138027191,
-0.9288012385368347,
-0.7492305040359497,
-0.6960048675537109,
-0.533829391002655,
-0.705195426940918,
0.24415656924247742,
-0.158334419131279,
0.1035018339753151,
-0.7297747731208801,
-0.3523244559764862,
-0.4878571927547455,
0.6870332956314087,
-0.06700696796178818,
-0.35589027404785156,
-0.39770182967185974,
-0.251725971698761,
-0.10791291296482086,
-0.8422815203666687,
0.08369642496109009,
0.14539694786071777,
0.2812706530094147,
0.1852557361125946,
-0.8733803033828735,
0.2782631516456604,
-0.12225950509309769,
-0.19862882792949677,
-0.27122530341148376,
-0.6903602480888367,
0.6756055951118469,
-0.50181645154953,
0.16987362504005432,
0.364173024892807,
-0.33531099557876587,
-0.1369057297706604,
0.4541396200656891,
0.37594595551490784,
-0.24573910236358643,
0.2131301760673523,
0.06430486589670181,
-0.1310165524482727,
0.09800727665424347,
-1.0165653228759766,
0.8702724575996399,
-0.3027571737766266,
-0.22369953989982605,
0.9384248852729797,
0.18861092627048492,
0.3510262072086334,
0.20272064208984375,
0.6395149827003479,
0.5430133938789368,
0.4740167558193207,
-0.4512813091278076,
-0.5117862820625305,
0.32088860869407654,
-0.0034155836328864098,
0.2340961992740631,
0.30253684520721436,
-0.00418086489662528,
0.43133217096328735,
-0.5539900064468384,
-0.46693065762519836,
0.18228690326213837,
-0.43999311327934265,
-0.6543970108032227,
0.07987113296985626,
0.025884460657835007,
0.2745905816555023,
1.027936577796936,
-0.42636746168136597,
-0.026299044489860535,
0.36398813128471375,
-0.7658665776252747,
0.4529019594192505,
0.21348059177398682,
0.4201083779335022,
-1.2415927648544312,
-0.16409043967723846,
-1.3963357210159302,
-0.9647888541221619,
0.16884952783584595,
-1.070510983467102,
0.2623523771762848,
-0.6249248385429382,
0.4024556279182434,
0.6427838206291199,
0.10559786856174469,
-0.05475882068276405,
0.04691454768180847,
-0.7184129953384399,
-0.7369046807289124,
-0.0050151171162724495,
0.41615480184555054,
-0.35275572538375854,
-0.6177170276641846,
-0.5355956554412842,
-0.7158399820327759,
0.9202448129653931,
0.014880923554301262,
-0.959947407245636,
-0.8212357759475708,
-0.3069925010204315,
0.27900996804237366,
-0.5258311629295349,
0.07807531207799911,
0.31980034708976746,
-0.8690799474716187,
-0.006824078503996134,
0.07377686351537704,
-0.037129685282707214,
-0.13871443271636963,
0.638833224773407,
0.7752754092216492,
-0.10782450437545776,
-0.5501841902732849,
-0.25951477885246277,
-0.5292909741401672,
-0.7087380886077881,
0.23051662743091583,
0.302623450756073,
0.43953055143356323,
-0.1691298484802246,
0.2734893560409546,
-1.3370469808578491,
0.40051397681236267,
-0.09292277693748474,
-0.2763519883155823,
-0.48872458934783936,
0.6363694071769714,
0.8901322484016418,
0.16429409384727478,
1.0745599269866943,
0.45927324891090393,
-0.6579304337501526,
0.2151348739862442,
0.7902444005012512,
-0.2171606719493866,
0.4588266909122467,
-0.990339994430542,
-0.49490946531295776,
0.12054254859685898,
0.12801258265972137,
-0.9953675270080566,
0.3416319489479065,
0.8079953789710999,
-0.3430878520011902,
-0.573492169380188,
-0.0010239382972940803,
-0.9343847036361694,
-0.20254991948604584,
-0.5977045297622681,
-0.8596435189247131,
-0.7623901963233948,
0.6000828146934509,
-0.15750719606876373,
-0.4033082127571106,
0.9755463600158691,
-0.647961437702179,
0.5050173401832581,
-0.08354754745960236,
0.4910033047199249,
0.016660355031490326,
-0.024712832644581795,
-0.12337343394756317,
-0.10336501151323318,
0.7372503876686096,
0.3511037826538086,
0.4502508044242859,
0.3715095818042755,
0.6366130709648132,
0.07153351604938507,
-0.11377371102571487,
-0.13064977526664734,
-0.20507903397083282,
0.6309729218482971,
-0.31803572177886963,
-1.2415732145309448,
0.3242628276348114,
-0.26350271701812744,
-0.5284992456436157,
-0.5877507925033569,
0.18435849249362946,
1.0837045907974243,
0.3539808690547943,
-0.0888853371143341,
1.3808553218841553,
0.5968004465103149,
1.060233235359192,
0.2521626055240631,
0.0009758560336194932,
-0.21250218152999878,
0.26877450942993164,
0.3507637083530426,
0.20680250227451324,
0.2335665225982666,
-0.3466329872608185,
0.9266313910484314,
-0.26087045669555664,
-0.2048288732767105,
-0.040804166346788406,
0.624890923500061,
-0.45398586988449097,
-0.19509980082511902,
0.12265092134475708,
0.12324842065572739,
-0.7207785248756409,
0.16759316623210907,
-0.5583450794219971,
0.22721169888973236,
0.7062902450561523,
0.11124244332313538,
-0.24186578392982483,
0.02298535592854023,
-0.1732141375541687,
-0.37761446833610535,
-0.1980345994234085,
-1.117441177368164,
0.37923750281333923,
-0.00372572080232203,
-0.5642028450965881,
0.07415229082107544,
0.49156656861305237,
0.4696897268295288,
-0.01651427522301674,
-0.13436877727508545,
0.5431951880455017,
0.41624951362609863,
-0.21041102707386017,
-1.0116088390350342,
0.4650382995605469,
-0.24526295065879822,
-0.408609002828598,
0.24515478312969208,
0.271034300327301,
-0.41915321350097656,
-0.04103035852313042,
-0.5334728360176086,
0.4644279181957245,
-0.008654491975903511,
-0.2775930166244507,
0.12254408001899719,
1.019628643989563,
-0.5018961429595947,
0.3439050614833832,
0.2404252290725708,
-0.9298571944236755,
0.004892636556178331,
0.6497825980186462,
0.542697548866272,
0.3469128906726837,
0.006770768668502569,
0.2722398042678833,
0.0996556282043457,
1.2981617450714111,
0.13345465064048767,
0.3189021050930023,
0.23322339355945587,
-0.34251081943511963,
0.1127663403749466,
-0.4840901494026184,
-0.6469812393188477,
0.9644243121147156,
-0.8190423846244812,
0.08236926048994064,
0.0006466861814260483,
-0.09345412254333496,
-0.4146367609500885,
0.34115487337112427,
0.009450972080230713,
0.9148533344268799,
0.006081515457481146,
0.5111556649208069,
0.48716288805007935,
-0.13153855502605438,
0.7970701456069946,
-0.2038394808769226,
0.14452411234378815,
-0.08735854923725128,
0.17567415535449982,
-0.027736535295844078,
-0.09420834481716156,
-0.45835521817207336,
-0.39583301544189453,
0.04139043018221855,
0.14488501846790314,
-0.5031912326812744,
-0.6423300504684448,
0.013350138440728188,
0.011957628652453423,
-0.4220808744430542,
-0.19271358847618103,
0.2913433313369751,
-0.19982297718524933,
-0.6282393336296082,
0.5561288595199585,
0.17283375561237335,
-0.22269883751869202,
1.3127979040145874,
0.08338005840778351,
-0.20017696917057037,
0.29028671979904175,
-0.15111401677131653,
-0.10011430829763412,
0.04277133196592331,
0.24395687878131866,
0.49787285923957825,
-0.18726474046707153,
0.6755407452583313,
0.3615986704826355,
1.0120445489883423,
0.21821194887161255,
-0.7603971362113953,
-0.0022010640241205692,
-0.36803844571113586,
-0.04665908217430115,
0.10231813043355942,
0.4045100212097168,
-0.10034331679344177,
0.3083011209964752,
0.1835668683052063,
0.026203764602541924,
0.6901747584342957,
-1.3071908950805664,
-0.44529232382774353,
-0.37074288725852966,
0.6364052891731262,
0.5530456900596619,
-0.40844082832336426,
0.22787514328956604,
-0.2618452310562134,
-0.20507872104644775,
0.6027189493179321,
0.032474666833877563,
0.4978567063808441,
-0.20188429951667786,
0.18264050781726837,
0.3557395339012146,
0.6229379177093506,
0.2447105050086975,
0.8445326685905457,
-0.3661518096923828,
0.5135317444801331,
-0.4928615987300873,
0.32983097434043884,
0.34356677532196045,
-1.1084926128387451,
-0.17726480960845947,
0.3365035951137543,
0.25590837001800537,
-0.6161539554595947,
0.3467891216278076,
0.6125950813293457,
-0.24699406325817108,
-0.26768508553504944,
0.19709107279777527,
-0.04727553203701973,
0.39624708890914917,
0.1439494490623474,
-0.5174137949943542,
-0.030921785160899162,
-0.44960102438926697,
-0.26386499404907227,
-0.1527642160654068,
0.05856778472661972,
0.007718429900705814,
0.8465370535850525,
0.6029043197631836,
0.04830827936530113,
-0.15721863508224487,
-0.6342124938964844,
0.02437589503824711,
0.17759980261325836,
-1.2447247505187988,
0.6020527482032776,
-1.0857166051864624,
-0.6281068921089172,
-0.585906445980072,
0.05738191679120064,
-0.2185441106557846,
-0.2926557958126068,
0.33215561509132385,
-0.43625155091285706,
-0.4370070993900299,
0.4162180721759796,
0.28083905577659607,
-0.9104408025741577,
0.2440173178911209,
0.12989741563796997
]
|
128302 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danderyd%20Municipality | Danderyd Municipality | Danderyd Municipality (Danderyds kommun; ) is a municipality north of Stockholm in Stockholm County in east central Sweden. It is one of the smallest municipalities of Sweden, but the most affluent. Its seat is located in Djursholm and it is located within Stockholm urban area.
The "old" rural municipality Danderyd was split up during the early 20th century, when Djursholm and Stocksund broke away in 1901 and 1910 respectively. Since 1971 Danderyd Municipality is reunified in approximately the old boundaries. The population in 2019 was 32,857. The four districts making up Danderyd are: Danderyd, Djursholm, Stocksund and Enebyberg.
Demographics
Income and Education
The population in Danderyd Municipality is among the most affluent in the country, having the highest median income per capita. One of the reasons for this is the high price on real estate, which in turn is partially due to a restrictive policy on new developments by the municipality council.
The high income of the population has enabled the municipality to maintain a relatively low rate of taxation, but a government redistribution scheme intended to transfer money from socioeconomically advantaged municipalities to those less well-off along with financial mismanagement has caused tax rises and expenditure reductions in recent years.
Danderyd Municipality also has the highest share (57.0%) of highly educated persons (Statistics Sweden definition: persons with post-secondary education that is three years or longer) in the country.
Residents with a foreign background
On 31 December 2017 the number of people with a foreign background (persons born outside of Sweden or with two parents born outside of Sweden) was 6,402, or 19.47% of the population (32,888 on 31 December 2017). On 31 December 2002 the number of residents with a foreign background was (per the same definition) 4,512, or 15.16% (29,755 on 31 December 2002). On 31 December 2017 there were 32,888 residents in Danderyd, of which 5,394 people (16.40%) were born in a country other than Sweden, divided by country in the table below. Nordic countries as well as the 12 most common countries of birth outside of Sweden for Swedish residents have been included, with other countries of birth grouped together by continent by Statistics Sweden.
Roads
The European route E18 stretches through the municipality, from the road bridge over the Stocksundet sea strait, north towards NorrtΓ€lje Municipality.
Public transport
Danderyd is served by the Stockholm public transport system through SL. There are two stations on the Stockholm metro red line: Danderyd Hospital (which is the location for a public hospital) and MΓΆrby centrum. There are also several stops on the narrow gauge Roslagsbanan suburban railway as well as an extensive bus network including a large bus interchange at Danderyds sjukhus.
Notable people
Ted Brithen (born 1990), ice hockey player
Linda Ulvaeus (born 1973), singer
Hanna StjΓ€rne (born 1969), CEO, Sveriges Television
Christian Lindberg (born 1958), musician and conductor
Princess Sofia, Duchess of VΓ€rmland (born 1984), former model and reality television contestant, wife of Prince Carl Philip, Duke of VΓ€rmland
Helge von Koch (born 1870), mathematician and pioneer in fractals
Irina BjΓΆrklund (born 1973), Finnish actress, born in Danderyd
Tove Lo (born 1987) pop musician
Benjamin Ingrosso (born 1997) singer
Stig WennerstrΓΆm (1906-2006) Air Force colonel and Soviet spy
See also
2002 Danderyd municipal election
References
External links
Danderyd Municipality - Official site
Municipalities of Stockholm County
Metropolitan Stockholm
Stockholm urban area
Municipal seats of Stockholm County
Swedish municipal seats
Populated places in Stockholm County | [
0.012274416163563728,
0.018152061849832535,
-0.09937909990549088,
0.22338294982910156,
-1.0520918369293213,
-0.008448399603366852,
1.1600055694580078,
-0.8613188862800598,
-0.1417321264743805,
-0.3527490496635437,
0.2739589512348175,
-0.5228074193000793,
-0.4178830683231354,
0.08054749667644501,
-0.6939568519592285,
0.5836401581764221,
0.44128507375717163,
0.8572832942008972,
0.27969494462013245,
-0.7812504768371582,
-0.5361440181732178,
-0.4926910996437073,
-0.3449704647064209,
0.57306969165802,
0.04687897488474846,
-0.07445822656154633,
0.7558087110519409,
0.4712413251399994,
-0.5266400575637817,
-0.014901909977197647,
-0.4523484706878662,
0.9462263584136963,
-0.24594631791114807,
-0.09739234298467636,
0.5832031965255737,
0.029061131179332733,
-0.22038514912128448,
-0.7595499157905579,
0.20465072989463806,
-0.07681726664304733,
-0.7213408350944519,
0.0730246901512146,
-0.261009156703949,
0.20312094688415527,
0.07464824616909027,
-1.0287563800811768,
-0.8445297479629517,
0.48887336254119873,
-0.7776127457618713,
0.49873363971710205,
-0.5842492580413818,
0.31948405504226685,
-0.6430878639221191,
0.9468738436698914,
0.15759725868701935,
-0.6890552043914795,
-0.46906453371047974,
0.44525307416915894,
-0.13449062407016754,
0.4177447557449341,
0.08216772228479385,
-0.14653758704662323,
-0.4288039803504944,
-0.5636965036392212,
1.0876975059509277,
0.08837822079658508,
0.1478855013847351,
0.24503859877586365,
-0.06274312734603882,
-0.6540600061416626,
-0.6655116677284241,
0.5999651551246643,
0.13325662910938263,
0.25526952743530273,
0.06648868322372437,
-0.3269338011741638,
0.46921399235725403,
-0.18238696455955505,
0.5721251368522644,
-0.5543105602264404,
0.15904106199741364,
-0.377292662858963,
0.9202002882957458,
0.20969858765602112,
0.2818123996257782,
0.013307283632457256,
-0.5673794150352478,
-1.1081862449645996,
-0.6092935800552368,
0.20460061728954315,
-0.10408474504947662,
0.7166708707809448,
0.0654275119304657,
0.37866663932800293,
-0.07623334228992462,
-0.11036672443151474,
-0.2642879784107208,
0.40991660952568054,
0.011815812438726425,
0.6737580299377441,
-0.3688834309577942,
0.39566147327423096,
0.5537890791893005,
0.2594764232635498,
-0.02093479409813881,
-0.5840762853622437,
-0.1403077244758606,
-0.12953035533428192,
-0.5562326312065125,
0.21258030831813812,
-0.37719592452049255,
0.8780664205551147,
0.12645164132118225,
-0.5710070133209229,
0.17655396461486816,
0.4361801743507385,
0.17183917760849,
0.0757671594619751,
-0.04668078571557999,
0.08734233677387238,
0.10377988964319229,
1.0505234003067017,
0.06544353067874908,
-0.15414422750473022,
0.12215155363082886,
-0.44715189933776855,
-0.07260463386774063,
0.5924183130264282,
0.19461801648139954,
0.4588983356952667,
0.3980973958969116,
0.675784170627594,
-0.5945403575897217,
0.1893826574087143,
0.25405946373939514,
-0.5458322167396545,
0.0150044746696949,
0.36576366424560547,
0.7204418182373047,
0.25759685039520264,
-0.8691611886024475,
0.017606105655431747,
-0.39547374844551086,
-0.754936158657074,
0.39308643341064453,
-0.11772549897432327,
0.12129770964384079,
-0.42677101492881775,
-0.18426424264907837,
0.21495293080806732,
0.9546946883201599,
0.3009701669216156,
0.26297032833099365,
0.19615529477596283,
-0.7774012088775635,
0.14523647725582123,
-0.590899646282196,
-0.1313435286283493,
0.14011573791503906,
1.0062322616577148,
0.6529021263122559,
-0.5378111004829407,
0.4671282470226288,
-0.5359904170036316,
0.3823365867137909,
-0.2223311960697174,
0.3198564350605011,
0.8871777057647705,
0.6506258249282837,
-0.10718986392021179,
-1.0367751121520996,
-0.6187966465950012,
0.18204747140407562,
-0.558016300201416,
0.8046560883522034,
-0.29653817415237427,
-0.09630292654037476,
0.05850408598780632,
0.042976848781108856,
-0.3885670602321625,
-0.9002178311347961,
0.43873855471611023,
0.2967859208583832,
-0.2494189441204071,
-0.17080728709697723,
0.7125439047813416,
0.5033631920814514,
0.26802709698677063,
0.13572268187999725,
0.5718475580215454,
0.05045125633478165,
-0.643634557723999,
0.6380640268325806,
0.5890658497810364,
0.5013168454170227,
0.026738334447145462,
-0.2617776691913605,
-0.0057612876407802105,
-0.5907666087150574,
0.28721800446510315,
0.10397045314311981,
-0.8752007484436035,
0.021738767623901367,
-0.5817922353744507,
0.345251202583313,
0.39694029092788696,
0.12284652888774872,
-0.28166717290878296,
-0.25103142857551575,
0.7320442795753479,
-0.17903392016887665,
-0.45869889855384827,
0.7380759716033936,
0.3234735429286957,
-0.022170046344399452,
-0.6955889463424683,
0.36496782302856445,
0.5475674271583557,
0.24431580305099487,
-0.3945997357368469,
0.39485204219818115,
0.6620714068412781,
-0.5754297375679016,
0.26789408922195435,
0.6722744703292847,
0.7813839316368103,
0.20094074308872223,
1.0627299547195435,
0.30064091086387634,
-0.6746876239776611,
0.9422937035560608,
0.48723703622817993,
0.45451265573501587,
-0.1695658415555954,
0.06922934949398041,
-0.6395012736320496,
-0.1468014121055603,
0.12324219942092896,
0.6250696182250977,
-0.21259914338588715,
0.06215545907616615,
-0.23171691596508026,
-0.38291341066360474,
0.10341353714466095,
0.8081703186035156,
1.1846208572387695,
-0.5731463432312012,
0.36230045557022095,
-0.04001816362142563,
-0.7415459156036377,
0.1735418140888214,
-0.16826462745666504,
-0.19704197347164154,
-0.6780369281768799,
0.3660917580127716,
0.011600249446928501,
-0.1034773662686348,
0.23998309671878815,
0.4856700003147125,
0.34215065836906433,
-0.9395567774772644,
0.3345314860343933,
0.1425691395998001,
-0.10079628229141235,
-0.8511620759963989,
-0.2498181313276291,
-0.22165873646736145,
-0.22945575416088104,
0.6879981160163879,
-0.040864236652851105,
-0.04481380060315132,
0.022575784474611282,
-0.347725510597229,
-0.48576268553733826,
-0.42981627583503723,
-0.794994592666626,
0.031717609614133835,
-0.11612515151500702,
-0.6364066004753113,
-0.43441182374954224,
0.19025281071662903,
0.9031127691268921,
-0.5053084492683411,
-1.069980502128601,
-0.12335894256830215,
-0.16643500328063965,
0.26840054988861084,
-0.15848547220230103,
-0.07545901089906693,
0.2957608997821808,
-0.5217393040657043,
0.5464486479759216,
-0.5586434602737427,
0.25204575061798096,
-0.33223915100097656,
-0.25515222549438477,
-0.36693641543388367,
0.44774824380874634,
0.6531116962432861,
0.027269072830677032,
-0.907386302947998,
0.5229510068893433,
-0.10377933084964752,
0.682906448841095,
-0.11900703608989716,
-0.42593786120414734,
-0.3596080541610718,
-0.12750931084156036,
-4.388730525970459,
0.2325991541147232,
-0.131088525056839,
0.16129660606384277,
-0.03958415612578392,
0.5317780375480652,
0.33410412073135376,
-0.28340083360671997,
-0.06860102713108063,
-0.05774083361029625,
-0.47853824496269226,
-0.5145612359046936,
0.5246556997299194,
0.85390704870224,
0.7070099115371704,
0.3133257031440735,
0.8459712862968445,
-0.3281572759151459,
-0.0921466127038002,
0.18863528966903687,
-0.7921802997589111,
-0.16495417058467865,
-0.3208608031272888,
0.2737588882446289,
0.7225311398506165,
0.11959216743707657,
0.09780703485012054,
-0.12841089069843292,
-0.664586067199707,
-1.0067120790481567,
0.707548975944519,
-0.1837996393442154,
0.09358378499746323,
-0.017063859850168228,
-0.24078866839408875,
0.5788337588310242,
0.2600363492965698,
0.7480302453041077,
-0.16302815079689026,
-1.1667289733886719,
-0.016787100583314896,
1.2404073476791382,
0.057735249400138855,
-0.14565812051296234,
0.1080794706940651,
-0.0348966158926487,
-1.2155438661575317,
0.27693456411361694,
-1.0775713920593262,
0.7315886616706848,
0.48593077063560486,
0.06649210304021835,
0.8284279704093933,
-0.03979989513754845,
-0.35636088252067566,
-0.5377482771873474,
0.7405298352241516,
-0.7096856832504272,
-0.07061783224344254,
0.88641756772995,
0.8855781555175781,
0.20885373651981354,
-0.6372002959251404,
-0.5981684327125549,
-0.13518087565898895,
-0.30575916171073914,
0.46721360087394714,
0.46321430802345276,
0.5274419784545898,
0.02656492218375206,
-0.48400336503982544,
-0.02570321410894394,
-0.5953312516212463,
-1.0243433713912964,
-0.4761821925640106,
-1.0574827194213867,
-0.4046006500720978,
0.04931152984499931,
0.2573440372943878,
0.054038748145103455,
-0.15523488819599152,
-0.15250268578529358,
0.1410018652677536,
0.7025123834609985,
0.12474148720502853,
-0.9274909496307373,
-0.37446704506874084,
-0.014392423443496227,
0.23990532755851746,
-1.3108247518539429,
0.07439465820789337,
0.4648038446903229,
0.22189396619796753,
-0.13285690546035767,
-0.9144787192344666,
0.7707754969596863,
-0.243255153298378,
-0.2317250370979309,
-0.06170162186026573,
-0.9073890447616577,
1.3323391675949097,
-0.12121552228927612,
0.15005843341350555,
0.00562702352181077,
-0.2648528814315796,
-0.11238072067499161,
0.3593076765537262,
0.29643183946609497,
-0.32920223474502563,
0.31095874309539795,
-0.07770603150129318,
0.2269744873046875,
-0.2521761655807495,
-1.2887320518493652,
1.2480214834213257,
-0.20588424801826477,
-0.4610280394554138,
0.9232524633407593,
0.049094345420598984,
-0.1279241144657135,
0.40329647064208984,
0.28882017731666565,
0.34108054637908936,
0.046242620795965195,
0.4144861400127411,
-0.20315468311309814,
-0.446765273809433,
0.7156041860580444,
0.09755267202854156,
0.08267457783222198,
0.8621193170547485,
-0.45639100670814514,
-0.7543278336524963,
-0.5227066278457642,
-0.2290368676185608,
-0.7481763958930969,
-0.758022129535675,
-0.022031553089618683,
0.02506978251039982,
0.34797242283821106,
0.8807596564292908,
-0.4429769515991211,
0.06351011991500854,
0.34510278701782227,
-0.11556005477905273,
-0.31617704033851624,
0.27514269948005676,
0.12130828946828842,
-1.0903918743133545,
-0.2836833596229553,
-0.778904914855957,
-0.6107901930809021,
0.4301113486289978,
-1.3876733779907227,
0.2163030356168747,
-0.7063756585121155,
0.5048021078109741,
0.07968049496412277,
0.10078228265047073,
-0.7543092370033264,
-0.020048735663294792,
-0.6157181859016418,
-0.85411137342453,
0.14827720820903778,
0.3283734917640686,
0.08860336244106293,
-0.7552825212478638,
-0.308954119682312,
-0.4171135127544403,
0.5812206268310547,
-0.6195508241653442,
-0.9769371151924133,
-0.9457880854606628,
-0.3035796284675598,
0.17576929926872253,
-0.38443905115127563,
0.3359052240848541,
0.5550640225410461,
-0.4577730894088745,
-0.6265245079994202,
0.2232447862625122,
0.256637841463089,
-0.5435279607772827,
0.5984396934509277,
0.8511465191841125,
-0.33470073342323303,
-0.5645304322242737,
0.3308585584163666,
-0.7094342708587646,
-0.631742000579834,
0.603040874004364,
-0.1019592210650444,
0.7529972195625305,
-0.14778682589530945,
0.13048991560935974,
-1.0111409425735474,
0.14474233984947205,
-0.24827902019023895,
0.04172879457473755,
-0.2590397894382477,
0.30059728026390076,
0.6978391408920288,
-0.10144265741109848,
1.1554070711135864,
0.47808149456977844,
-0.7380330562591553,
0.8325299620628357,
1.006390929222107,
-0.6961601376533508,
0.35159796476364136,
-0.7431162595748901,
-0.7924012541770935,
-0.365070104598999,
-0.01233309879899025,
-0.3411730229854584,
0.018744170665740967,
0.4637269377708435,
-1.1077483892440796,
-0.6987542510032654,
-0.2766253352165222,
-0.3452974557876587,
-0.5235883593559265,
-0.1153186559677124,
-0.32029780745506287,
-0.4610271453857422,
-0.5385840535163879,
0.10058734565973282,
-0.13780446350574493,
0.7823216319084167,
-0.407551646232605,
0.19299493730068207,
0.12709717452526093,
0.4799080789089203,
0.007839430123567581,
-0.4767630398273468,
-0.057758983224630356,
-0.11209649592638016,
0.9326596856117249,
0.22536872327327728,
0.4229697287082672,
0.492133229970932,
0.5871461629867554,
-0.2739083766937256,
-0.6490097641944885,
0.24424827098846436,
0.00604629423469305,
0.43062156438827515,
0.1061163991689682,
-1.036145567893982,
0.27197015285491943,
-0.21678367257118225,
-0.6596236228942871,
-0.5901485681533813,
0.16514557600021362,
1.2095814943313599,
-0.08843180537223816,
0.07356760650873184,
0.9192659854888916,
0.3761516809463501,
0.3515933156013489,
0.37929463386535645,
-0.386608749628067,
-0.3508627712726593,
0.43373551964759827,
-0.04776285961270332,
0.03403265029191971,
-0.12862935662269592,
-0.40131139755249023,
1.1950888633728027,
-0.3576579988002777,
-0.8326395153999329,
0.042526163160800934,
0.6332026124000549,
-0.4481763243675232,
-0.18933768570423126,
0.10095467418432236,
0.5255704522132874,
-0.3718701899051666,
0.10138723999261856,
-0.6126678586006165,
0.06894893944263458,
0.5446841716766357,
-0.10640956461429596,
-0.0711265578866005,
-0.1247124895453453,
-0.5754424333572388,
-0.5936126112937927,
-0.08599186688661575,
-0.43888089060783386,
0.20484310388565063,
0.21065086126327515,
-0.6647953987121582,
0.18221139907836914,
0.5321739315986633,
0.20360657572746277,
0.5400329828262329,
-0.07130441069602966,
0.41770192980766296,
0.2974265217781067,
-0.31913337111473083,
-0.7811829447746277,
0.3018418848514557,
-0.22201167047023773,
0.0915156900882721,
0.4687657058238983,
0.45708027482032776,
0.05700802803039551,
-0.11065084487199783,
-0.38897401094436646,
0.5173462629318237,
0.35833820700645447,
0.06321561336517334,
0.043953802436590195,
1.395866870880127,
-0.5093985795974731,
0.1402270495891571,
0.8733031153678894,
-0.5163620710372925,
0.0065634045749902725,
0.7753173112869263,
0.05254288390278816,
0.37999868392944336,
0.06566185504198074,
0.2623753845691681,
0.06013944372534752,
1.146226167678833,
0.37280720472335815,
0.4599972367286682,
0.38543638586997986,
-0.8245087265968323,
-0.37656867504119873,
-0.1322135627269745,
-0.6682634353637695,
0.7990192770957947,
-0.8312503099441528,
0.27001744508743286,
0.1699284315109253,
0.20244668424129486,
-0.32122355699539185,
0.23898108303546906,
-0.47225505113601685,
0.756748616695404,
-0.14426526427268982,
0.5715016722679138,
0.4001590311527252,
-0.056684307754039764,
0.6675663590431213,
-0.37134185433387756,
0.09606757014989853,
-0.12393182516098022,
0.12979727983474731,
-0.11886898428201675,
0.29525190591812134,
-0.5445945858955383,
-0.26267367601394653,
0.12375187128782272,
-0.5661022663116455,
-0.061929259449243546,
-0.5185289978981018,
-0.17226164042949677,
-0.27534395456314087,
-0.6327706575393677,
-0.41254687309265137,
0.33223122358322144,
-0.556562602519989,
-0.8244505524635315,
0.4658026397228241,
0.20742559432983398,
0.08812616020441055,
0.8327839374542236,
-0.12794476747512817,
-0.795483410358429,
-0.04551546275615692,
-0.7156866192817688,
0.11598565429449081,
-0.05482727661728859,
0.3887563645839691,
-0.13531506061553955,
-0.4137924611568451,
0.7743699550628662,
-0.026970189064741135,
0.815477192401886,
-0.15473555028438568,
-1.080049753189087,
-0.07900570333003998,
0.19801372289657593,
-0.6914926171302795,
0.24733926355838776,
0.16381245851516724,
-0.012136445380747318,
0.49964144825935364,
0.2595784366130829,
0.006136137060821056,
0.5746882557868958,
-0.9336914420127869,
-0.05086236074566841,
-0.24682271480560303,
0.7581273317337036,
0.8476779460906982,
-0.5895522236824036,
-0.05699077993631363,
0.6058571934700012,
-0.5731806755065918,
0.2007244974374771,
0.09638500958681107,
0.46498796343803406,
-0.19709768891334534,
0.23645126819610596,
0.546301543712616,
0.7445283532142639,
0.4258711338043213,
-0.006758564617484808,
-0.030919935554265976,
0.6895046234130859,
-0.7003657817840576,
0.02006545476615429,
0.7293990254402161,
-0.4070192575454712,
0.08029593527317047,
0.5792331099510193,
-0.12357878684997559,
0.24379746615886688,
0.27972906827926636,
0.19248546659946442,
0.10077481716871262,
-0.2888093888759613,
0.0834808349609375,
0.17734494805335999,
-0.0690385103225708,
0.008495045825839043,
-0.36616647243499756,
-0.7533926963806152,
-0.44464853405952454,
-0.2050369530916214,
-0.5115142464637756,
0.5677472352981567,
0.019289666786789894,
0.7781978249549866,
0.42497503757476807,
-0.04025917500257492,
-0.4181463420391083,
-0.21198852360248566,
0.4275299906730652,
0.23211024701595306,
-1.271439552307129,
0.5248705148696899,
-0.8504257202148438,
-0.35343971848487854,
-0.5203036069869995,
-0.06386006623506546,
-0.2470313310623169,
-0.5884246230125427,
0.5810772776603699,
-0.305298388004303,
-0.11984989047050476,
0.08998910337686539,
0.3382047414779663,
-0.5218762159347534,
0.4479016065597534,
-0.021864473819732666
]
|
128303 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eker%C3%B6%20Municipality | EkerΓΆ Municipality | EkerΓΆ Municipality () is a municipality in the province of Uppland in Stockholm County in east central Sweden. The name derives from the name of the main island within the municipality whose name is EkerΓΆn, and literally means "Oak Island". Its seat is located in the town of EkerΓΆ.
The King of Sweden resides in EkerΓΆ Municipality, at Drottningholm Palace (see below).
Originally, when the first local government acts were implemented in Sweden in 1863, eight rural municipalities were created, each corresponding to an old parish. The municipal reform of 1952 grouped them in two new larger entities. The next reform in 1971 merged them into the present municipality.
Geography
EkerΓΆ is the only municipality in the Lake MΓ€laren region composed exclusively of islands. Land elevation has reduced the number of islands and skerries to 140, the largest of which are AdelsΓΆ, MunsΓΆ, EkerΓΆ, FΓ€ringsΓΆ, and LovΓΆ. 2000 years ago, during the Roman Iron Age, FΓ€ringsΓΆn was more of an archipelago of twenty islands.
Heritage
The municipality contains two UNESCO World Heritage Sites. One is Birka, an old Viking Age village, and the other is Drottningholm Palace and its surroundings.
Drottningholm, located on the LovΓΆ island, was originally a Renaissance palace built by King John III for Queen Catherine Jagellon. On December 30, 1661 the old palace burned down. Queen Dowager Hedvig Eleonora had a new palace erected out of the preserved walls and cellar vaults from King John III:s palace in the French Baroque style to the design of architect Nicodemus Tessin the Elder, a work later completed by Nicodemus Tessin the Younger, Carl HΓ₯rleman, and Jean Eric Rehn. Since 1981 it is the permanent residence of the royal family, but large parts of the park are accessible to the public. The palace features several uniquely preserved structures, including the Palace Theatre, inaugurated in 1766 and still delivering operas using the preserved original machinery; and the Chinese Pavilion, the Rococo design of Carl Fredrik Adelcrantz filled with Chinese luxury delivered by the Swedish East India Company.
Birka on the BjΓΆrkΓΆ island is the oldest urban structure in Sweden, founded in the mid 8th century. In the 9th century, Ansgar, Archbishop of Hamburg-Bremen, made two failed attempts to convert its inhabitants. The settlement was finally abandoned in the late 10th century for unknown reasons. The excavations of the approximately 1.100 graves in the area started in 1871 and have continued since. A museum was created in 1995, and in summers various boats carry large numbers of tourists to the island.
Other notable historical sites
Other historical sights of interest are several runestones and other Viking remains, eight medieval churches, and old towns.
.
On the AdelsΓΆ Island is HovgΓ₯rden, together with Birka a world heritage site, featuring barrows, thick walls, and runestones. There is also AlsnΓΆ hus, the ruins of the summer residence of Magnus Barnlock were the Ordinance of AlsnΓΆ created the foundation of the Swedish nobility, and a Romanesque church from the 12th century.
Next to this Crown palace is the residential area Drottningholmsmalmen ("Drottningholm Ridge/Esker") which draws its history back to the Torvesund manor built in 1579-80 and which served as a place of refuge for the Jesuits following the Reformation. During the 18th century, soldiers, carpenters and other craftsmen working at The Royal Palace settled in the area. Intentions were to develop it into a suburb to the palace like at the Versailles Palace, and this end the area was granted the status of a city to attract entrepreneurs and artists to the royal court. During the reign of King Gustav III had several building erected, including the LΓ₯nga raden (the "Long Row") to accommodate the royal life guard. By 1815 78 properties existed in the area. However, it failed to develop in the direction sketched-out by Gustav III, and instead evolved into a summer residence area inhabited by wealthy burghers, the large-scales villas in a wide range of styles have given the area its characteristics. In the middle of the 20th century several buildings by well-known Swedish architects, including Nils Tesch, Ralph Erskine, Peter Celsing and Bengt Lindroos, were added.
Kanton is a group of twenty buildings next to the Chinese Pavilion built in the 1750s and 1760s, intended to be a mercantile prototype settlement. 70-80 people lived there for a few decades producing luxury items for the royal court and the nobility, including some of the interior of the China Pavillin. The buildings later inspired author Elsa Beskow to some of her fairy tales.
Kungshatt ("King's Hat") is a rocky island south of LovΓΆn where, according to a legend, a king Erik VΓ€derhatt ("Eric Weather Hat"), so named because of his fortune with the winds which he could foretell with his hat, escaped his enemies by jumping from the cliff with his horse. The location for this event was furnished with a copper hat, now substituted with an iron hat.
SvartsjΓΆ Palace was originally a Folkung mansion. The palace King Gustav I and his sons had built here was destroyed by fire in 1687. The rococo palace, built 1735-39 to the design of Carl HΓ₯rleman and later expanded by Queen Louisa Ulrika, was neglected for centuries before being restored. Its Baroque and English gardens are preserved.
HilleshΓΆg Church is a mostly Romanesque edifice, built in granite and brick, with some parts from the 17th and 18th centuries and later additions. Many of the paintings in the interior, dating back to the end of the 13th century and the early 15th century, were painted over in the 18th century but were restored in the 1920s and in 2002, together with some of the furniture.
Ekebyhov is a real estate created around 1630. Its main building, Ekebyhov Palace, is a wooden structure begun in 1674 and completed in 1704. It is the oldest preserved wooden palace in Europe. The gardens of the palace boasts several unique plants and features a cafΓ©. It is since 1980 owned by the municipality.
Skytteholm is a seat farm. Its main building, Skytteholm Mansion, was one of the mansions of Johan Skytte, mentor of Gustavus Adolphus the Great, had built in the Lake MΓ€laren region. Founded in 1631, its present appearance is mostly from around 1920. It is today mostly used for conferences and as a hotel.
In the 1950s, ancient remains were found on the island of HelgΓΆ. The excavations that followed unveiled eight groups of buildings and objects from Ireland, Egypt, and India dating back to the 8th century offering a hint of the extent of the trade of the era. The settlement is, however, believed to be considerably older and have reached its peak around 500-600 CE. On HelgΓΆ is also the Kaggeholm Palace, with a history stretching back to 1370. The palace was built in the 1720s.
The Barrow of BjΓΆrn Ironside on MunsΓΆ Island is part of the Iron Age grave field MunsΓΆ-Husby. On MunsΓΆ is also MunsΓΆ Church; one of three round churches in the Stockholm area. Probably built in 1187, it contains several medieval wooden sculptures.
Nature
There are several outdoor activities that can be enjoyed, such as fishing and bicycling, as the nature is always nearby. Each of the islands also offers distinctive experiences and sights.
Demographics
Population development
Income and Education
The population in EkerΓΆ Municipality has the 7th highest median income per capita in Sweden, although the share of highly educated persons, according to Statistics Sweden's definition: persons with post-secondary education that is three years or longer, is 31.3% and slightly over the national average, 27.0%.
Residents with a foreign background
On the 31st of December 2017 the number of people with a foreign background (persons born outside of Sweden or with two parents born outside of Sweden) was 5Β 825, or 20.99% of the population (27Β 753 on the 31st of December 2017). On the 31st of December 2002 the number of residents with a foreign background was (per the same definition) 2Β 358, or 10.28% of the population (22Β 936 on the 31st of December 2002). On 31 December 2017 there were 27Β 753 residents in EkerΓΆ, of which 3Β 345 people (12.05%) were born in a country other than Sweden. Divided by country in the table below - the Nordic countries as well as the 12 most common countries of birth outside of Sweden for Swedish residents have been included, with other countries of birth bundled together by continent by Statistics Sweden.
Politics
The EkerΓΆ's politics has traditionally been dominated by the centre-right Moderate Party since 1979. The voter turnout is usually high and among the highest in the country.
National Election, Riksdag
These are the election results from the 1973 onwards in EkerΓΆ Municipality. In the SCB reports from 1988 to 1994 the exact decimals of the Sweden Democrats were not reported since only parties near the 4% nationwide threshold were reported on. 1985, the Christian Democrats (KD) and Centre Party (C) were allied as "The Centre" so their shared votes are reported as those of C in that election.
Transport
Public transport
EkerΓΆ is served by the Stockholm public transport system through SL. All bus routes have connection with the Stockholm metro at Brommaplan. More recently a ferry has started running regularly between EkerΓΆ and Stockholm city.
Roads
The county road 261 offers connection to motorists from Brommaplan and other western suburbs of Stockholm. There is only one bridge, Nockebybron, connecting the municipality with the mainland, but there is also a car ferry taking motorists to Botkyrka Municipality south-west of Stockholm.
Sister towns
EkerΓΆ is twinned with the following municipality:
OtepÀÀ, Estonia
See also
EkerΓΆ
Drottningholm
Stenhamra
Notes
References
External links
EkerΓΆ Municipality - Official site
Municipalities of Stockholm County
Uppland
Metropolitan Stockholm
Populated places in Stockholm County
Stockholm urban area | [
0.04602798819541931,
0.1736966073513031,
0.19712106883525848,
0.35479846596717834,
-0.4158072769641876,
0.12483083456754684,
1.1065903902053833,
-0.6806285977363586,
-0.706477701663971,
-0.14748434722423553,
0.09331296384334564,
-0.6703547835350037,
-0.14197076857089996,
0.1587786227464676,
-1.1130369901657104,
0.10605207085609436,
0.2261410802602768,
1.2488617897033691,
0.11572631448507309,
-0.9070344567298889,
0.004188043065369129,
-0.2319674789905548,
-0.1652490645647049,
0.8504560589790344,
0.25313040614128113,
0.13161423802375793,
0.2715287208557129,
-0.07022000849246979,
0.20694804191589355,
-0.05130928009748459,
-0.4193247854709625,
0.9558331370353699,
-0.43401038646698,
0.03962095081806183,
0.30982860922813416,
-0.28374865651130676,
-0.33158373832702637,
-0.5982381701469421,
0.5939426422119141,
0.47756049036979675,
-0.4803179204463959,
0.5194938778877258,
-0.2989320158958435,
0.14243152737617493,
0.36763864755630493,
-1.8959455490112305,
-1.1057707071304321,
0.1418735831975937,
-1.6428658962249756,
0.937538743019104,
-0.864497184753418,
0.4462812542915344,
-0.17368996143341064,
0.8300725221633911,
0.07578440755605698,
-0.18470004200935364,
-0.6884914636611938,
0.6053395867347717,
-0.11892639845609665,
0.7781517505645752,
-0.19667063653469086,
0.0957568883895874,
-0.25539907813072205,
-0.7319773435592651,
1.1746689081192017,
-0.11311814934015274,
0.3992078900337219,
0.602607011795044,
0.06281952559947968,
-0.6158581972122192,
-1.1740270853042603,
0.6948853731155396,
0.39745837450027466,
-0.4575304090976715,
0.40972045063972473,
-0.8745613098144531,
0.4845941960811615,
-0.05787521228194237,
0.31439802050590515,
-0.1423075795173645,
0.18475043773651123,
-0.2613860070705414,
0.8050995469093323,
0.8231201171875,
0.4337259829044342,
-0.21344037353992462,
-1.1210212707519531,
-0.8233754634857178,
-0.03353356570005417,
0.22951056063175201,
0.32241538166999817,
0.31558236479759216,
-0.2631314992904663,
-0.024129893630743027,
0.3040611743927002,
0.2898356020450592,
-0.6939518451690674,
0.20677611231803894,
-0.20217430591583252,
0.8224455118179321,
-0.2677890956401825,
0.40611937642097473,
0.7121251821517944,
0.25978752970695496,
0.1467907726764679,
-0.5133575201034546,
-0.44283002614974976,
-0.2444363534450531,
-0.0992087796330452,
-0.7238107919692993,
-0.9827805161476135,
0.4540644884109497,
-0.15490508079528809,
-0.23103579878807068,
0.16394713521003723,
0.4875173270702362,
0.04042240232229233,
0.16406987607479095,
-0.1391914337873459,
-0.08683566004037857,
0.12751631438732147,
1.0697985887527466,
-0.058444857597351074,
0.09558691084384918,
-0.021420149132609367,
-0.20402249693870544,
0.0666549801826477,
0.5718981623649597,
-0.1848410964012146,
-0.0008223048062063754,
0.386479914188385,
0.8591628074645996,
-0.9087506532669067,
0.11154206097126007,
-0.050717879086732864,
0.3342888057231903,
0.1889597475528717,
0.8407551646232605,
0.2240476757287979,
0.43630799651145935,
-1.024039387702942,
-0.1700945943593979,
-0.9351987838745117,
-0.5335355401039124,
0.010737631469964981,
0.10778196156024933,
-0.4891391694545746,
-0.6270771622657776,
-0.38242706656455994,
-0.11408401280641556,
1.1148595809936523,
0.14801549911499023,
0.27066877484321594,
0.20268362760543823,
-0.008029215037822723,
-0.1732526421546936,
-0.003494251286610961,
-0.13594897091388702,
0.1658942550420761,
0.38702428340911865,
0.5194441676139832,
-0.6688965559005737,
0.5176685452461243,
-0.6389471888542175,
0.09993679076433182,
0.029428036883473396,
0.2235095500946045,
0.6441060900688171,
0.8788894414901733,
-0.16880719363689423,
-0.7670961618423462,
-0.34428367018699646,
0.5668712854385376,
-0.14566005766391754,
0.5732688903808594,
-0.7836952805519104,
-0.03785219043493271,
0.5373514890670776,
0.2970535159111023,
-0.009633618406951427,
-1.2765082120895386,
0.3321739733219147,
0.01433838065713644,
-0.3493022620677948,
-0.07988617569208145,
1.1732374429702759,
0.17960457503795624,
0.1376432478427887,
-0.3808918595314026,
0.1933993697166443,
-0.14193084836006165,
-0.18614459037780762,
0.6398329734802246,
0.6174876689910889,
1.0089296102523804,
0.16222816705703735,
-0.01667388528585434,
-0.25174617767333984,
-0.09372026473283768,
0.2411288470029831,
-0.16094163060188293,
-0.6306691765785217,
0.6202525496482849,
-0.2324313074350357,
0.41889581084251404,
1.1970340013504028,
0.06219567731022835,
0.08795400708913803,
-0.525925874710083,
1.3353215456008911,
-0.7176018357276917,
-0.44672077894210815,
0.5981067419052124,
0.8101035356521606,
-0.6079275012016296,
-0.08489638566970825,
-0.36635032296180725,
0.12839338183403015,
-0.17809341847896576,
-0.27702006697654724,
0.4151102304458618,
-0.05603751912713051,
-0.19027405977249146,
-0.2127687782049179,
0.20963972806930542,
0.6245966553688049,
0.5232477188110352,
1.139157772064209,
-0.29767802357673645,
-0.523197591304779,
0.7638335824012756,
-0.3854469060897827,
0.4104274809360504,
0.08044922351837158,
-0.5959762930870056,
-0.7942407131195068,
-0.032840147614479065,
0.4402197599411011,
0.26350146532058716,
-0.4614719748497009,
0.2446601539850235,
0.5130597352981567,
-0.4069318175315857,
0.019161662086844444,
1.1167113780975342,
1.241752028465271,
-0.5231191515922546,
-0.04552668333053589,
-0.021574947983026505,
-0.5758525729179382,
-0.15604634582996368,
-0.5668577551841736,
-0.03202870860695839,
-0.693591296672821,
-0.25327828526496887,
-0.3430209755897522,
0.22464632987976074,
0.4424431025981903,
0.19916225969791412,
0.455349862575531,
-0.3904725909233093,
-0.001469455542974174,
0.4697043299674988,
-0.03396189585328102,
-0.6137111783027649,
-0.5744609236717224,
-0.17907632887363434,
-0.6217672228813171,
0.6705613136291504,
-0.18655484914779663,
0.03306250646710396,
-0.5056771039962769,
-0.2314840704202652,
-1.1634620428085327,
0.11430011689662933,
-0.4157470166683197,
-0.5295826196670532,
0.10164875537157059,
-0.6703486442565918,
-0.03678816556930542,
0.7268713712692261,
0.607043981552124,
-0.7322194576263428,
-1.1520787477493286,
0.13178294897079468,
0.10308893024921417,
0.22814132273197174,
0.34809231758117676,
0.0549783781170845,
-0.709907591342926,
-0.6220531463623047,
0.40023624897003174,
-0.7111021876335144,
-0.004036963917315006,
0.306769460439682,
0.04281282052397728,
-0.5011768937110901,
0.5794867277145386,
0.33165243268013,
-0.13746589422225952,
-0.6119586229324341,
0.6166158318519592,
0.18475858867168427,
0.3566875159740448,
-0.5503548383712769,
-0.3173595368862152,
-0.06656452268362045,
-0.5022740364074707,
-3.48699688911438,
0.49576085805892944,
-0.3805377185344696,
0.32917556166648865,
-0.04875970631837845,
0.32245784997940063,
0.6481258273124695,
0.005566193722188473,
-0.030284518375992775,
0.13570024073123932,
0.09580771625041962,
-0.4458606541156769,
0.6528463959693909,
1.6898603439331055,
0.2777734100818634,
0.9447388648986816,
0.4944184422492981,
0.08225520700216293,
-0.36364421248435974,
-0.058333512395620346,
-0.3889913260936737,
-0.13499042391777039,
-0.681456983089447,
0.24085699021816254,
0.3129253387451172,
0.23616771399974823,
-0.027269067242741585,
-0.376039981842041,
-0.3768269121646881,
-0.5858191251754761,
0.05393287166953087,
-0.06770125031471252,
-0.032271094620227814,
-0.548065721988678,
-0.8284565210342407,
0.11681201308965683,
0.8194165229797363,
1.2255313396453857,
-0.10676689445972443,
-0.7519680857658386,
-0.022572986781597137,
1.2475054264068604,
0.14399531483650208,
-0.2988440692424774,
0.7466525435447693,
0.061839405447244644,
-0.8694124817848206,
-0.3962825536727905,
-0.979995846748352,
0.953571081161499,
0.36487987637519836,
-0.3177790343761444,
0.8124457597732544,
-0.10027436912059784,
0.010951620526611805,
-0.5499653220176697,
0.4876331388950348,
-0.2550666034221649,
0.05419773608446121,
0.7426905035972595,
0.6888455152511597,
0.30592966079711914,
-0.4263566732406616,
-1.127273678779602,
-0.08682412654161453,
-0.1341976672410965,
0.5201812386512756,
0.4029349982738495,
0.7705289721488953,
-0.2982664108276367,
0.10743443667888641,
-0.14346975088119507,
-0.5066564679145813,
-0.6325411796569824,
-0.8421807289123535,
-0.833249032497406,
0.05807311460375786,
-0.11843816936016083,
-0.2480638325214386,
0.014535906724631786,
-0.9080748558044434,
-0.23232533037662506,
-0.4144975543022156,
0.6108345985412598,
-0.2054029256105423,
-0.39938172698020935,
-0.6193658113479614,
-0.18597356975078583,
-0.10524839907884598,
-0.6619550585746765,
0.07210997492074966,
0.3042851686477661,
0.2031095176935196,
0.5507040023803711,
-0.415635883808136,
0.4454330801963806,
0.11947871744632721,
-0.44514861702919006,
0.04457959160208702,
-1.1639052629470825,
0.784380316734314,
-0.4844815731048584,
0.656872570514679,
-0.008110192604362965,
-0.5678772330284119,
-0.4032735824584961,
0.7376663684844971,
0.5121378898620605,
-0.29383477568626404,
0.3911936581134796,
-0.03930528461933136,
0.006904551759362221,
-0.3932952284812927,
-1.0990544557571411,
1.1128355264663696,
-0.1766570657491684,
-0.45181000232696533,
1.2971135377883911,
0.11872861534357071,
0.2510731816291809,
0.35060086846351624,
0.34354209899902344,
0.24728861451148987,
0.1297396868467331,
-0.6674900054931641,
-0.6015241742134094,
-0.05513719469308853,
0.10978106409311295,
0.004080551210790873,
0.39560237526893616,
-0.08665718883275986,
0.3666488230228424,
-0.6760286688804626,
-0.3401333689689636,
-0.2946301996707916,
-0.12841320037841797,
-0.1421968787908554,
0.10363327711820602,
0.15082693099975586,
0.3187268078327179,
1.1997863054275513,
-0.5216447114944458,
-0.2437029629945755,
0.5877379179000854,
-0.9008869528770447,
0.5474733710289001,
0.11135656386613846,
0.7177298069000244,
-1.2011090517044067,
-0.10753333568572998,
-1.5124924182891846,
-0.8697755336761475,
0.012785587459802628,
-1.3246504068374634,
0.6098899841308594,
-0.11045856773853302,
0.6914000511169434,
0.08178432285785675,
0.16016487777233124,
-0.21885672211647034,
0.04580057039856911,
-0.2968483865261078,
-0.8611489534378052,
0.36470723152160645,
0.2649495005607605,
0.08383258432149887,
-0.9739135503768921,
-0.040871866047382355,
-0.5811656713485718,
0.8558963537216187,
-0.3459119498729706,
-1.163610577583313,
-0.8699778914451599,
-0.6970990300178528,
-0.03141238912940025,
-0.6706414818763733,
0.022246604785323143,
0.037108007818460464,
-1.147536277770996,
-0.3527619242668152,
0.06676660478115082,
0.35672372579574585,
-0.3225255608558655,
0.388161838054657,
0.6190094947814941,
-0.46282604336738586,
-0.33040764927864075,
0.10054001957178116,
-0.5884937644004822,
-0.7988758087158203,
0.26006320118904114,
0.47590401768684387,
0.49780040979385376,
-0.018954837694764137,
0.08801690489053726,
-1.0317755937576294,
0.22401534020900726,
-0.7913542985916138,
-0.2848566174507141,
-0.31976747512817383,
0.453525185585022,
0.8758934140205383,
0.6671530604362488,
1.2185300588607788,
0.3331807851791382,
-0.7165026664733887,
0.5117044448852539,
1.0499416589736938,
-0.2998983561992645,
0.4626883268356323,
-1.1423310041427612,
-0.5754690766334534,
-0.18494050204753876,
0.14531062543392181,
-0.3427661657333374,
0.11466236412525177,
0.8410823941230774,
-0.4069766700267792,
-0.6254721879959106,
-0.15412651002407074,
-1.052114725112915,
0.26260918378829956,
-0.5284075736999512,
-0.7591264843940735,
-0.3679830729961395,
0.21317221224308014,
-0.19614998996257782,
-0.22222666442394257,
1.2095128297805786,
-0.8458282351493835,
0.3155200481414795,
0.010861632414162159,
0.5292237401008606,
-0.08768273890018463,
-0.2367366999387741,
0.2945173382759094,
-0.105677030980587,
0.7223921418190002,
0.4035723805427551,
0.509054958820343,
0.5664059519767761,
0.5918236374855042,
-0.0643165335059166,
0.007603106554597616,
-0.188438281416893,
0.0016579189104959369,
0.7459657788276672,
-0.11252352595329285,
-0.8983445763587952,
0.5146395564079285,
-0.2837434411048889,
-0.3597833514213562,
-0.267734169960022,
0.6414591670036316,
1.2595202922821045,
0.35835933685302734,
0.21911969780921936,
1.1664915084838867,
0.6102811694145203,
0.5501079559326172,
0.44509804248809814,
-0.5932829976081848,
-0.34414324164390564,
0.600852370262146,
0.36819034814834595,
0.6987085938453674,
0.19885386526584625,
-0.04248719662427902,
1.1915686130523682,
-0.07338421046733856,
-0.5075276494026184,
-0.08532057702541351,
0.5848466753959656,
-0.23701024055480957,
-0.10680822283029556,
0.07233230024576187,
-0.19121131300926208,
-0.46271026134490967,
0.14572283625602722,
-0.507647693157196,
0.6466948390007019,
0.7695187330245972,
0.05050262436270714,
0.23663343489170074,
-0.29402175545692444,
-0.11392736434936523,
-0.06526726484298706,
-0.0416870191693306,
-1.0127053260803223,
0.15083682537078857,
-0.13059596717357635,
-0.5735270977020264,
0.2383822202682495,
0.6175175309181213,
0.4640456438064575,
0.2704770267009735,
-0.2693065404891968,
0.4399024546146393,
-0.33279135823249817,
0.006355968303978443,
-0.9855830669403076,
0.25714200735092163,
-0.5475414395332336,
-0.36705833673477173,
-0.1319635808467865,
-0.012573271989822388,
-0.5249419212341309,
0.2651251554489136,
-0.6429052948951721,
0.3784067630767822,
0.08557860553264618,
-0.6278749108314514,
-0.336258202791214,
1.0723497867584229,
-0.5066009759902954,
0.45153599977493286,
0.46917471289634705,
-0.7721148729324341,
-0.13969723880290985,
0.6727011203765869,
0.6118965744972229,
0.5547161102294922,
-0.014353778213262558,
0.0971214771270752,
0.27808040380477905,
1.1284209489822388,
0.6289754509925842,
0.6280559301376343,
0.28196725249290466,
-0.4591370224952698,
-0.4072900712490082,
-0.1840149611234665,
-0.7318819165229797,
0.916523277759552,
-1.0625215768814087,
-0.024598347023129463,
0.05369490757584572,
-0.12732142210006714,
-0.45885446667671204,
0.42413851618766785,
-0.39190059900283813,
1.2050809860229492,
-0.29388657212257385,
0.3104963004589081,
0.33474141359329224,
-0.4809033274650574,
0.2991091012954712,
-0.1430092453956604,
-0.16926521062850952,
-0.4276154041290283,
0.18050505220890045,
0.12974008917808533,
0.36758026480674744,
-0.7706700563430786,
-0.5563281774520874,
-0.011952003464102745,
-0.20920595526695251,
-0.464190810918808,
-0.16361774504184723,
-0.4197409152984619,
-0.3520321249961853,
-0.9104298949241638,
-0.13648802042007446,
0.7583956122398376,
-0.47131216526031494,
-0.9209197759628296,
0.3769596815109253,
-0.13371697068214417,
-0.2135869860649109,
1.0406153202056885,
0.009530541487038136,
-0.5609748959541321,
0.3898954391479492,
-0.44011035561561584,
0.027271972969174385,
0.19394245743751526,
-0.049076419323682785,
0.3359626531600952,
-0.3698809742927551,
0.9580267071723938,
0.5239335894584656,
0.40975651144981384,
0.13719947636127472,
-0.7096207141876221,
-0.025166742503643036,
-0.44978782534599304,
-0.1648249477148056,
0.24905367195606232,
0.5336579084396362,
0.4550727307796478,
0.4995361566543579,
-0.22681021690368652,
0.07231960445642471,
0.854487955570221,
-0.9964842200279236,
-0.17094719409942627,
-0.23762814700603485,
0.4470008313655853,
0.4377782642841339,
-0.6224942803382874,
0.04487897828221321,
-0.06991810351610184,
-0.14886558055877686,
-0.1176990196108818,
0.27046430110931396,
0.6895716190338135,
-0.16661226749420166,
0.24990840256214142,
0.03801073133945465,
0.5445740818977356,
0.2977970242500305,
0.5468788743019104,
-0.11659090965986252,
0.21276582777500153,
-0.8100860118865967,
0.38999703526496887,
0.38865604996681213,
-1.0517044067382812,
-0.22031159698963165,
1.108224630355835,
-0.2454739511013031,
-0.13178549706935883,
0.30733373761177063,
0.5809531807899475,
-0.2727440297603607,
0.10534831136465073,
-0.06952483206987381,
-0.12096072733402252,
0.2843184173107147,
-0.4102012515068054,
-0.45060020685195923,
-0.44591307640075684,
-0.21320386230945587,
-0.20988763868808746,
0.21369433403015137,
0.4821527302265167,
-0.12273630499839783,
0.6559761762619019,
0.7130701541900635,
-0.0895458236336708,
-0.364521324634552,
-0.31194451451301575,
-0.2617739140987396,
-0.11577896028757095,
-2.6559574604034424,
0.7659258842468262,
-1.434646487236023,
-0.6137846112251282,
-0.37505781650543213,
-0.2799818217754364,
-0.3786102831363678,
-1.047571063041687,
0.7562602162361145,
-0.3630640208721161,
-0.3490031063556671,
0.808441698551178,
0.5429627299308777,
-0.7132661938667297,
0.10179010778665543,
-0.11657004803419113
]
|
128304 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haninge%20Municipality | Haninge Municipality | Haninge Municipality (Haninge kommun) is a municipality in Stockholm County in east central Sweden. Its seat is located in Handen, a part of the Stockholm urban area.
Haninge Municipality was formed in 1971 when VΓ€sterhaninge and Γsterhaninge were united.
The municipal coat of arms depicts a capercaillie from which the name Haninge is believed to have been derived (the German word hahn means capercaillie), while the anchor symbolizes the naval base in the municipality. The German word usage is supposedly from the old German Hansa traders who operated in the area.
Geography
Haninge cherishes its nature, housing the southern parts of the scenic Stockholm archipelago. There are over 3,600 islands, islets and skerries belonging to the municipality, with the three largest islands being UtΓΆ, OrnΓΆ and MuskΓΆ. A car tunnel, the third longest in Sweden, connects MuskΓΆ to the mainland. The other two of the islands are reached with passenger and car ferries. Haninge is also an area with access to Tyresta National Park with a surrounding nature reserve. It has been protected to preserve its noted natural values, e.g. one of the largest sections of untouched forest in southern Sweden.
Localities
DalarΓΆ
Stockholm (part of)
Jordbro
MuskΓΆ
VΓ€sterhaninge
Districts
Brandbergen
DalarΓΆ
Handen
Jordbro
SΓ₯gen
Vega
VendelsΓΆmalm
VΓ€sterhaninge
Demographics
Residents with a foreign background
On 31 December 2017 the number of people with a foreign background (persons born outside of Sweden or with two parents born outside of Sweden) was 31Β 107, or 35.33% of the population (88Β 037 on 31 December 2017). On 31 December 2002 the number of residents with a foreign background was (per the same definition) 17Β 323, or 24.43% of the population (70Β 902 on 31 December 2002). On 31 December 2017 there were 88Β 037 residents in Haninge, of which 23Β 203 people (26.36%) were born in a country other than Sweden. Divided by country in the table below - the Nordic countries, as well as the 12 most common countries of birth outside of Sweden for Swedish residents, have been included, with other countries of birth bundled together by continent by Statistics Sweden.
Notability
The scenic Stockholm Sweden Temple was built in VΓ€sterhaninge in 1985. It is the only temple of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Sweden. This temple is also the center of the LDS church in northern Europe.
There is a comparatively large Sweden-Finn community in Haninge which is estimated to be about 5% of the population.
The International Olympiad in Informatics (IOI) was held in Haninge in 1994.
Sports
The following sports clubs are located in Haninge Municipality:
IFK Haninge/Brandbergen
Haga Haninge Basket
VendelsΓΆ IK
Haninge Anchors
Haninge FBC
Notable people from Haninge Municipality
Stefan Nystrand (*1981), freestyle swimmer
Fredrik Reinfeldt (*1965), Prime Minister of Sweden from 17 September 2006 until 14 September 2014.
Kristian Huselius (*1978), professional ice hockey player
Adam PΓ₯lsson (* 1988), actor
Meeri Wasberg (*1973), politician
Sara Skyttedal (*1986), Member of the European Parliament for Sweden
Sarah SjΓΆstrΓΆm (*1993), freestyle swimmer
International relations
The municipality is twinned with:
IshΓΈj Municipality, Denmark
Haapsalu, Estonia
Pargas, Finland
Formia, Italy
Krokom Municipality, Sweden
GraΔanica, Bosnia and Herzegovina
References
External links
Haninge Municipality - Official site
Haninge Municipality
Municipalities of Stockholm County
Metropolitan Stockholm
Stockholm urban area | [
0.14500565826892853,
0.38965386152267456,
-0.014616981148719788,
-0.2808622121810913,
-0.5766444206237793,
0.2770291566848755,
1.113243579864502,
-0.6402280926704407,
-0.3366625905036926,
-0.34749019145965576,
0.3357541859149933,
-0.27977219223976135,
-0.26441583037376404,
0.11516060680150986,
-0.9011767506599426,
0.20588445663452148,
0.3746289014816284,
0.931153416633606,
0.15502957999706268,
-0.6912511587142944,
0.21851779520511627,
-0.33850792050361633,
0.07746227085590363,
0.2641875445842743,
0.1476634442806244,
-0.21936260163784027,
0.45568257570266724,
1.0340046882629395,
0.18808519840240479,
-0.11020046472549438,
-0.3889157176017761,
1.2931838035583496,
-0.06130838766694069,
-0.18610668182373047,
0.6347649097442627,
-0.11465398222208023,
0.1260114461183548,
-0.881672203540802,
0.5125213861465454,
0.3027253746986389,
-0.3928271532058716,
0.859064519405365,
-0.5318612456321716,
0.47726505994796753,
0.46445077657699585,
-1.3486404418945312,
-1.118387222290039,
0.42373451590538025,
-1.0992809534072876,
0.5646780729293823,
-0.9555853009223938,
0.01008842047303915,
0.0006744519923813641,
0.5277487635612488,
-0.27539172768592834,
0.16879023611545563,
-0.6491909027099609,
0.5281726717948914,
0.08605703711509705,
0.5880488157272339,
0.14183349907398224,
-0.20688478648662567,
-0.22569046914577484,
-0.34323886036872864,
0.6875245571136475,
-0.25807490944862366,
0.5327121019363403,
0.4603358805179596,
0.4472695589065552,
-0.3786422312259674,
-0.9654343724250793,
0.8748461604118347,
-0.008626692928373814,
0.0715496689081192,
0.23717892169952393,
-0.34716662764549255,
0.399985671043396,
-0.278399795293808,
0.1906401664018631,
-0.5651865005493164,
0.24511893093585968,
-0.4999256432056427,
0.32562151551246643,
0.6008039712905884,
0.2646167576313019,
-0.26782628893852234,
-0.7745787501335144,
-1.055550456047058,
-0.28160542249679565,
0.4053841531276703,
0.05863227695226669,
0.5911931395530701,
-0.1268356293439865,
0.19575907289981842,
0.3411434590816498,
0.08458629250526428,
-0.22765249013900757,
0.4351710081100464,
0.321829229593277,
0.6488192081451416,
-0.2797194719314575,
0.6317172646522522,
0.7854461073875427,
0.01173721719533205,
0.13082543015480042,
-0.4348698556423187,
-0.4255494475364685,
-0.46838873624801636,
0.041916437447071075,
-1.12003493309021,
-0.37860336899757385,
0.23347175121307373,
0.14643394947052002,
-0.18388088047504425,
-0.033712029457092285,
0.8971503376960754,
-0.03225863352417946,
-0.02790951356291771,
-0.38366690278053284,
0.22667229175567627,
-0.4022648334503174,
1.5160717964172363,
-0.3768683671951294,
-0.35620835423469543,
-0.2403029501438141,
-0.02751959301531315,
0.11004447937011719,
0.26268643140792847,
0.19421923160552979,
0.41710183024406433,
0.19457212090492249,
0.7120803594589233,
-0.822273850440979,
0.19531819224357605,
0.16809572279453278,
0.014456711709499359,
0.12949882447719574,
0.5286787152290344,
0.6058621406555176,
0.3396260440349579,
-0.7580353021621704,
-0.3835557997226715,
-0.9611091017723083,
-0.3463895916938782,
0.29925650358200073,
0.391139417886734,
-0.2253621369600296,
-0.5430876016616821,
-0.2542954683303833,
-0.05394965782761574,
0.6975827813148499,
0.013516026549041271,
0.6762551069259644,
0.5204303860664368,
-0.5202859044075012,
-0.1399007886648178,
0.1633225381374359,
-0.06511002033948898,
-0.4655739963054657,
0.7702761292457581,
0.6660395264625549,
-0.6344435811042786,
0.6308946013450623,
-0.6259134411811829,
0.13884857296943665,
-0.09418005496263504,
0.36683347821235657,
0.6789616942405701,
0.7458270788192749,
-0.7156672477722168,
-0.8388103246688843,
-0.594333827495575,
0.43209072947502136,
-0.5746592283248901,
0.7304079532623291,
-0.1541111171245575,
0.2607291042804718,
0.12785005569458008,
0.11474251747131348,
-0.1831611543893814,
-1.0565255880355835,
0.3153977692127228,
0.0490841343998909,
0.4681697487831116,
0.0948433130979538,
0.8303841352462769,
-0.10030902177095413,
0.03335303068161011,
-0.09222210198640823,
0.28731149435043335,
-0.029061272740364075,
-0.26996564865112305,
1.1058990955352783,
0.7867040634155273,
0.8814170360565186,
0.4005363881587982,
0.15939179062843323,
-0.14273642003536224,
-0.27126044034957886,
0.37989693880081177,
-0.35203590989112854,
-0.6631656885147095,
0.557092010974884,
-0.38609033823013306,
-0.09489306807518005,
1.1826605796813965,
-0.06515305489301682,
0.023623138666152954,
-0.5916494131088257,
1.1935365200042725,
-0.31977659463882446,
-0.20397774875164032,
0.4601929187774658,
0.446016788482666,
-0.3624507188796997,
0.004679962061345577,
-0.13309215009212494,
0.6526044011116028,
0.08133267611265182,
-0.618246853351593,
0.37865394353866577,
0.27802324295043945,
-0.2949196696281433,
-0.05953181907534599,
0.28377872705459595,
0.8280373811721802,
0.21189254522323608,
0.8836464285850525,
-0.38984668254852295,
-0.6978447437286377,
0.9640597701072693,
0.35729676485061646,
0.42212578654289246,
-0.11120286583900452,
-0.6411079168319702,
-0.3292009234428406,
-0.2354934960603714,
0.20334535837173462,
0.40736135840415955,
-0.6618769764900208,
-0.01014561764895916,
0.23174995183944702,
-0.25712254643440247,
0.018858809024095535,
0.43370282649993896,
1.1954231262207031,
-0.6271870732307434,
-0.2043394148349762,
0.040563322603702545,
-1.1288307905197144,
0.23583999276161194,
-0.36514949798583984,
0.2529665231704712,
-0.7812414169311523,
-0.0937659814953804,
-0.3693114221096039,
0.09618673473596573,
0.21077236533164978,
0.2210521399974823,
0.2325347363948822,
-0.7799563407897949,
0.14851990342140198,
0.6131178736686707,
0.07101328670978546,
-0.9314026236534119,
-1.0024418830871582,
0.31484195590019226,
-0.7853412628173828,
0.10375411063432693,
-0.48981520533561707,
-0.3066861033439636,
-0.5155432224273682,
-0.3349234163761139,
-1.886326789855957,
0.16773396730422974,
-0.24597400426864624,
-0.5509796142578125,
-0.24835488200187683,
-0.42224234342575073,
0.2911625802516937,
0.7465085983276367,
1.1613739728927612,
-0.7141532897949219,
-0.9995607733726501,
-0.1193627193570137,
-0.3675941824913025,
0.42328307032585144,
0.06017667427659035,
-0.0075448849238455296,
0.4610651731491089,
-0.6744598150253296,
0.7317373156547546,
-0.8896192908287048,
0.007787591777741909,
0.07073158770799637,
0.12589459121227264,
-0.4449198842048645,
0.22331582009792328,
0.1220172792673111,
-0.24255149066448212,
-0.7341431975364685,
0.5069252848625183,
-0.3296942114830017,
0.29917261004447937,
-0.5954777002334595,
0.13424023985862732,
-0.5628236532211304,
-0.3133752942085266,
-3.626242160797119,
0.2508183419704437,
-0.3977867364883423,
-0.2510889768600464,
-0.10477018356323242,
0.1673557013273239,
0.5896446704864502,
-0.5428324937820435,
0.11555682122707367,
0.02873641811311245,
0.5104379653930664,
-0.7050204277038574,
0.494375079870224,
1.4170204401016235,
0.5877625942230225,
0.6040725708007812,
0.10803396254777908,
-0.3568911850452423,
0.4945466220378876,
0.01748044602572918,
-0.3824557065963745,
-0.1048085168004036,
-0.8441340327262878,
0.08974994719028473,
0.031364694237709045,
0.7970816493034363,
0.28798815608024597,
-0.4714272916316986,
-0.3818409740924835,
-0.34456437826156616,
0.04112789034843445,
0.02686094306409359,
0.22316356003284454,
0.19358882308006287,
-0.6201139092445374,
0.1683511734008789,
0.1501448005437851,
0.8837369084358215,
0.07903262227773666,
-0.6198543906211853,
0.40900495648384094,
1.425187587738037,
0.07399708777666092,
0.09406866133213043,
0.29372066259384155,
0.13507501780986786,
-1.2013790607452393,
0.29682815074920654,
-0.5636898279190063,
0.8456636667251587,
0.5272389650344849,
-0.29789629578590393,
0.5796438455581665,
-0.2595565915107727,
-0.35849764943122864,
-0.26421451568603516,
0.6098200082778931,
-0.3550167679786682,
-0.0029411013238132,
0.48474201560020447,
-0.08288013190031052,
-0.33228927850723267,
-0.07961969077587128,
-1.047776222229004,
-0.07894620299339294,
0.004195693414658308,
0.7814601063728333,
0.24934445321559906,
0.427807092666626,
-0.11050891876220703,
0.2636677920818329,
0.009903904981911182,
-0.6623614430427551,
-0.7751885056495667,
-0.47899219393730164,
-0.49285340309143066,
-0.36190152168273926,
-0.029224121943116188,
-0.23030781745910645,
-0.3379483222961426,
-0.16239033639431,
-0.25010180473327637,
-0.20024797320365906,
0.5527741312980652,
-0.061119865626096725,
-0.7183220982551575,
-0.26043078303337097,
0.02784651145339012,
-0.15387369692325592,
-0.7323085069656372,
0.7497944831848145,
-0.2886435091495514,
0.2801366150379181,
0.37248796224594116,
-0.5426068902015686,
1.187513828277588,
0.591513991355896,
-0.701490581035614,
-0.0987618938088417,
-0.739255964756012,
0.7846254110336304,
-0.19347472488880157,
0.460274875164032,
-0.15258069336414337,
-0.5517297983169556,
0.12234875559806824,
0.3173311650753021,
0.556912362575531,
0.020672274753451347,
0.3577020764350891,
-0.21508824825286865,
-0.118659608066082,
-0.19178423285484314,
-0.8283981084823608,
0.9164470434188843,
-0.9950474500656128,
-0.7492700219154358,
1.4044116735458374,
0.05234423652291298,
0.569759726524353,
0.10784102231264114,
0.23758892714977264,
0.5256572365760803,
0.009180506691336632,
-0.2346263825893402,
-0.6065145134925842,
0.043731462210416794,
0.1846090853214264,
-0.16043467819690704,
0.4168294668197632,
0.15989193320274353,
-0.02503010258078575,
-0.8961027264595032,
-0.3626948893070221,
-0.10948377102613449,
-0.45356783270835876,
-0.5763053297996521,
0.0765727162361145,
-0.12768477201461792,
0.012546035461127758,
1.14139723777771,
-0.6041733026504517,
-0.2836555242538452,
0.5720536112785339,
-0.3838440179824829,
0.387574702501297,
0.599225640296936,
0.053466182202100754,
-1.090749740600586,
0.02106207236647606,
-1.4397112131118774,
-0.6014740467071533,
0.012473630718886852,
-0.9659926295280457,
0.34488433599472046,
-0.24409928917884827,
0.33685410022735596,
0.4870789051055908,
0.04913628101348877,
0.26370787620544434,
-0.12206849455833435,
-0.25422635674476624,
-1.063156247138977,
0.5273734331130981,
-0.08094620704650879,
-0.07917359471321106,
-0.7591307759284973,
0.1491096466779709,
-0.9764450192451477,
0.8819812536239624,
-0.46345284581184387,
-0.9723423719406128,
-0.7506492733955383,
-0.7635852098464966,
-0.3886678218841553,
-0.8557652831077576,
0.41323405504226685,
0.23960766196250916,
-0.8090322017669678,
-0.07289845496416092,
0.09252213686704636,
0.26278379559516907,
-0.2548256814479828,
0.30062317848205566,
0.5134446024894714,
-1.017590045928955,
-0.1175265833735466,
0.014658911153674126,
-0.4220956265926361,
-0.6141435503959656,
0.5624473094940186,
0.20241855084896088,
0.3057955801486969,
-0.1286236047744751,
0.4053424894809723,
-1.3495895862579346,
0.09115718305110931,
-1.0717843770980835,
-0.14985863864421844,
-0.46712595224380493,
0.7970477938652039,
0.9452660083770752,
0.116277314722538,
1.5784958600997925,
0.3451494574546814,
-0.6756676435470581,
0.45608991384506226,
0.797719419002533,
0.026355603709816933,
0.7504245042800903,
-1.0651347637176514,
-0.684841513633728,
0.4266706705093384,
0.4439171552658081,
-0.12449522316455841,
0.025230810046195984,
0.4118722081184387,
0.051471274346113205,
-0.6117960810661316,
-0.33723294734954834,
-0.4790748059749603,
-0.6189653873443604,
-0.5480368137359619,
-0.6084192991256714,
-0.5224663615226746,
0.11924457550048828,
-0.01169919315725565,
-0.3065537214279175,
1.321997046470642,
-0.43584659695625305,
0.5214459896087646,
0.001219151890836656,
0.5878711938858032,
0.29695793986320496,
-0.5974528789520264,
-0.3783365786075592,
-0.5087595582008362,
0.49277201294898987,
0.3761627972126007,
0.4583670198917389,
0.5467843413352966,
0.6001485586166382,
0.03615446016192436,
0.10162016749382019,
-0.5432302355766296,
-0.2919570207595825,
0.3160629868507385,
-0.19447141885757446,
-0.947837769985199,
0.5342748761177063,
-0.5256743431091309,
-0.19821567833423615,
-0.3137832581996918,
0.20599748194217682,
1.2228673696517944,
0.48630765080451965,
0.04043502360582352,
1.3569997549057007,
0.09037245810031891,
0.00026258055004291236,
0.11417737603187561,
-0.3064805269241333,
-0.3503399193286896,
0.04093434661626816,
0.09240232408046722,
0.8411213755607605,
0.43079110980033875,
-0.011188959702849388,
1.0987764596939087,
0.24395936727523804,
-0.4930330514907837,
-0.5244348645210266,
0.7314424514770508,
-0.3227328062057495,
-0.6779177784919739,
0.005998765118420124,
-0.0746413841843605,
-0.23667098581790924,
0.07053513079881668,
-0.40182626247406006,
1.0488269329071045,
0.7802786231040955,
-0.06289514154195786,
0.2843131124973297,
0.16823725402355194,
-0.4592965543270111,
-0.13814274966716766,
-0.3397141098976135,
-0.7498438358306885,
0.15697534382343292,
-0.18090294301509857,
-0.3968678414821625,
0.35112106800079346,
0.3674086630344391,
0.1653607189655304,
0.20803950726985931,
-0.185759499669075,
0.3854176700115204,
-0.4530612826347351,
0.1364605873823166,
-0.8690058588981628,
0.09514763206243515,
0.07221153378486633,
-0.24959558248519897,
0.6767647862434387,
0.07435101270675659,
-0.48825588822364807,
0.18776445090770721,
-0.6107918620109558,
0.5001950263977051,
-0.08965694904327393,
-0.08274528384208679,
-0.051137715578079224,
0.8190728425979614,
-0.2717868685722351,
0.34445106983184814,
0.05309407413005829,
-0.7655736207962036,
-0.06293007731437683,
0.5695778131484985,
-0.15365324914455414,
0.3812178671360016,
0.20347118377685547,
0.14100289344787598,
0.20075905323028564,
1.2175827026367188,
0.4119149148464203,
0.14316804707050323,
0.1480969935655594,
-0.5798994898796082,
-0.2796667814254761,
-0.26589441299438477,
-0.4108804762363434,
0.44074493646621704,
-0.9058229327201843,
0.1548117846250534,
0.13373832404613495,
-0.26306089758872986,
-0.3359314203262329,
0.5112571716308594,
-0.21748429536819458,
0.8229865431785583,
-0.12705393135547638,
0.06667563319206238,
0.41508737206459045,
-0.4786381721496582,
0.09818403422832489,
-0.08549123257398605,
0.5364969968795776,
-0.3321748375892639,
0.3804071247577667,
0.008491343818604946,
0.3975239098072052,
-0.4413655698299408,
-0.37419554591178894,
0.15923534333705902,
-0.3586723804473877,
-0.06821907311677933,
-0.705284595489502,
-0.833794355392456,
-0.03825759515166283,
-0.9543290734291077,
-0.19525347650051117,
0.2637925148010254,
-0.16706694662570953,
-0.8505347371101379,
0.6492356061935425,
0.1791299730539322,
0.1579616218805313,
1.4755736589431763,
-0.3842427730560303,
-0.44582465291023254,
0.5420213937759399,
-0.3376018702983856,
0.18051329255104065,
0.20374365150928497,
0.046318769454956055,
-0.17993438243865967,
-0.05824223905801773,
0.5555638074874878,
0.38146963715553284,
0.2062986046075821,
-0.11853966116905212,
-0.7520767450332642,
-0.24496112763881683,
-0.29112508893013,
-0.3210734724998474,
0.6096073985099792,
0.27439412474632263,
-0.14359153807163239,
0.5062159895896912,
0.1403478980064392,
0.44813501834869385,
0.6822493076324463,
-1.215295672416687,
0.1867624670267105,
-0.16351184248924255,
0.6140601634979248,
0.3080708086490631,
-0.15952742099761963,
0.3562204837799072,
-0.13039356470108032,
-0.1304192841053009,
0.23550264537334442,
-0.009316770359873772,
0.23215240240097046,
-0.4035438299179077,
0.4712677299976349,
-0.27070945501327515,
0.4787522852420807,
0.37993529438972473,
0.07875636965036392,
0.0018542532343417406,
0.34128689765930176,
-0.7205013036727905,
0.37783318758010864,
0.37427055835723877,
-0.682163655757904,
0.013651276007294655,
0.7624679803848267,
0.24792581796646118,
-0.3328379988670349,
0.4506709575653076,
0.564043402671814,
-0.36485669016838074,
-0.1404290795326233,
0.38588905334472656,
-0.16360588371753693,
0.9468533992767334,
0.07473687827587128,
0.02755039930343628,
-0.050920598208904266,
-0.03113272599875927,
-0.5946639776229858,
-0.14244326949119568,
-0.03901083767414093,
-0.10491228103637695,
0.45244309306144714,
0.9000386595726013,
0.02936202846467495,
-0.008044023998081684,
-0.8409641981124878,
0.18072494864463806,
0.1623021960258484,
-3.814394950866699,
0.3405587375164032,
-0.7662643790245056,
-0.6095486283302307,
-0.38223177194595337,
-0.05643760412931442,
-0.5356190800666809,
-0.7630496025085449,
0.8243294954299927,
-0.3452138900756836,
-0.36068350076675415,
0.5512260794639587,
0.07220067083835602,
-0.5134069323539734,
-0.03794553875923157,
-0.3527977764606476
]
|
128305 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huddinge%20Municipality | Huddinge Municipality | Huddinge Municipality () is a municipality in Stockholm County, east central Sweden. Its seat is located in Huddinge (), which is a part of Stockholm urban area.
The municipality is, with its approximately 110,000 inhabitants, the second most populated in Stockholm County.
Geography
The municipality covers the entire central part of the SΓΆdertΓΆrn peninsula. More than half of the land area consists of agriculture, forests, hills, or lakes, and it contains 13 nature reserves.
Huddinge borders the following municipalities: Stockholm Municipality, EkerΓΆ Municipality (by water), Botkyrka Municipality, Haninge Municipality and TyresΓΆ Municipality (by water).
Localities
Stockholm urban area (part of) 86,802 inh.
Vidja 633 inh.
Rural areas 2,465 inh.
Subdivisions
Huddinge municipality is sub-divided into six districts:
Flemingsberg (pop. 14,924)
Segeltorp (pop. 11,870)
SjΓΆdalen-Fullersta (pop. 22,304)
SkogΓ₯s (pop. 13,783)
Stuvsta-SnΓ€ttringe (pop. 15,847)
TrΓ₯ngsund (pop. 9,912)
VΓ₯rby (pop. 10,115), including Masmo
There are four territorial parishes of the Church of Sweden within the municipality: Huddinge, TrΓ₯ngsund, Flemingsberg and St. Mikael.
Natural reserves
BjΓΆrksΓ€ttra Peninsula Nature Reserve
Drevviken Nature Reserve
Flemingsbergsskogen Nature Reserve
GladΓΆ KvarnsjΓΆn Nature Reserve
GladΓΆskogen Nature Reserve
GΓΆmmaren Nature Reserve, including the Fullersta kvarn Natura 2000 area.
GΓΆmsta Γng Nature Reserve
Korpberget Nature Reserve
Lissmadalen Nature Reserve
LΓ€nnaskogen Nature Reserve, including Lissma-KvarnsjΓΆ and LΓ€nnaskogen Natura 2000 areas.
OrlΓ₯ngen Nature Reserve
Paradiset Nature Reserve, including Granby and Hanveden Natura 2000 areas.
TrΓ₯ngsundsskogen Nature Reserve
Lakes
History
It is believed that the history of Huddinge goes back at least 1,000 years, to before the Viking Age. When hostile ships approached the community, the inhabitants of Huddinge would climb to high locations and light beacons. Beacons were located around the entirety of Lake MΓ€laren. Huddinge's coat of arms has its origins in this tradition. The name Huddinge is believed to come from the Uddung's - the first inhabitants in this area, which during the Iron Age lived on the shores of Lake MΓ€laren nearby VΓ₯rby.
Split into two municipalities
After years of protests from inhabitants and after much debate, it was decided in 2007 to hold a vote in 2008 regarding a split to make the eastern part of Huddinge its own municipality, named in published documents as Huddinge ΓΆstra ("Huddinge East"). However only the inhabitants of eastern Huddinge would be allowed to vote. This caused a major political split of opinions as the political opposition wanted to see a vote. At least 60% of the inhabitants of eastern Huddinge had to vote "yes" for the split for it to be approved.
The referendum ended with a clear "no" to the split, ending the discussion.
Demography
Huddinge has a total population of roughly 110,000, or 4.5% of the population of Stockholm County. The average age is 36.7 years, but one-third of the population is under 25 years of age. This means that Huddinge has a slightly younger population than both Stockholm County (38.9 years) and the whole country (40.6 years). The population density of the municipality is increasing significantly. Since the 1960s, the population has doubled in size and is currently among the 14 largest municipalities in Sweden. The population of Huddinge passed the one of GΓ€vle in 2008, and the ones of Eskilstuna and Sundsvall as well in 2009.
Residents with a foreign background
On 31 December 2017, the number of people with a foreign background (persons born outside Sweden or with two parents born abroad) was 43,699, or 39.73% of the population (110,003 on 31 December 2017). On 31 December 2002, the number of residents with a foreign background was (per the same definition) 24,319, or 28.13% of the population (86,457 on 31 December 2002). On 31 December 2017, there were 110,003 residents in Huddinge, of which 32,190 people (29.26%) were born in a country other than Sweden. Divided by country in the table below - the Nordic countries as well as the 12 most common countries of birth outside Sweden for Swedish residents have been included, with other countries of birth bundled together by continent by Statistics Sweden.
Schools
In 2012 there were 27 public schools and five independent schools. Huddinge also has five public high schools with about 3400 students combined, these are:
Huddingegymnasiet
Γstra Gymnasiet
SjΓΆdalsgymnasiet
SΓ₯gbΓ€cksgymnasiet
WiderstrΓΆmska gymnasiet
Public transport
Huddinge is served by the Stockholm public transport system. There are two stations on the Stockholm Metro and five on the Stockholm commuter rail system as well as large bus network. Some main line trains call at Flemingsberg.
2018 Election
Elections to Swedish municipals are held every fourth year on the second Sunday in September. The 2018 election to the 61-seat council resulted in the centre-right Alliance of four parties (M, L, KD and C) plus two local parties (HP and DP) staying in power without a majority. The Alliance and local parties gained a seat since the 2014 election and maintains power. The three Red-Green parties (S, MP and V) are in opposition and the far right Sweden Democrats (SD) holds the balance of power but normally votes with the Alliance.
Culture
The municipality contains six public libraries, SΓΆdertΓΆrn University College and one of the campuses for Karolinska Institutet.
Kungens Kurva is one of Sweden's largest shopping areas. It hosts, among other things, the largest IKEA store in the world, the largest cinema in the country, and a large shopping centre. In total, it generates a turnover of 6 billion Swedish kronor and has 15 million visitors per year.
Sports
The most known sports club in Huddinge is the ice hockey club Huddinge IK, which has fostered a long line of well-known Swedish ice hockey players, such as Michael Nylander, Mattias NorstrΓΆm and Kent Johansson, and used to be a regular runner up in the Swedish second division and the qualifications for the Elitserien. Peter Forsberg also happened to make his debut as a senior player with his original club Modo Hockey, facing Huddinge away.
Twin cities
Lyngby-Taarbæk Municipality, Denmark
Vantaa, Finland
Nuuk, Greenland
SeyΓ°isfjΓΆrΓ°ur, Iceland
Askim, Norway
Notes
References
External links
Huddinge Municipality - Official site
Municipalities of Stockholm County
Metropolitan Stockholm
Stockholm urban area
Municipal seats of Stockholm County
Swedish municipal seats
Populated places in Stockholm County | [
0.11537832021713257,
0.5775786638259888,
0.3584451973438263,
0.3459895849227905,
-0.651396632194519,
0.17369157075881958,
0.9354847073554993,
-0.8424956798553467,
-0.5097543597221375,
-0.47921517491340637,
0.3399531841278076,
-0.5282066464424133,
-0.5734265446662903,
0.010363740846514702,
-0.9547332525253296,
0.0763363167643547,
0.18541854619979858,
0.8894265294075012,
-0.21698898077011108,
-1.0503841638565063,
-0.054276008158922195,
-0.21848997473716736,
-0.1319541037082672,
0.7241681814193726,
-0.09192509204149246,
0.056667618453502655,
0.3415479063987732,
0.8235534429550171,
0.3150629997253418,
-0.06066451966762543,
-0.20218300819396973,
1.0646787881851196,
0.011989532969892025,
-0.022875316441059113,
0.3280363976955414,
-0.13146726787090302,
0.3419589102268219,
-0.5822323560714722,
0.6847048401832581,
0.26566463708877563,
-0.40891286730766296,
0.3197443187236786,
-0.575659453868866,
0.24167270958423615,
0.26496055722236633,
-1.391198992729187,
-1.114356517791748,
0.44031983613967896,
-1.147340178489685,
0.7588751316070557,
-1.0494080781936646,
0.33243224024772644,
-0.38085275888442993,
0.8134259581565857,
0.17536933720111847,
-0.15132580697536469,
-0.3655456602573395,
0.6258795857429504,
0.06880302727222443,
0.9339581727981567,
-0.04052456468343735,
0.10962121188640594,
-0.25196394324302673,
-0.3196183741092682,
0.9006319642066956,
-0.3781020939350128,
0.342307984828949,
0.18535567820072174,
0.25795868039131165,
-0.718788206577301,
-1.0509302616119385,
0.5071857571601868,
-0.012622025795280933,
0.17797517776489258,
0.3325078785419464,
-0.748464822769165,
0.21962080895900726,
-0.13783429563045502,
0.3397454619407654,
-0.6067054867744446,
-0.015174034982919693,
-0.36542412638664246,
0.6556940674781799,
0.6213929057121277,
0.11566059291362762,
0.13499052822589874,
-0.9914510250091553,
-0.8044135570526123,
-0.33973491191864014,
0.16179965436458588,
0.06545504182577133,
0.052907735109329224,
-0.15394964814186096,
0.0023027202114462852,
0.49399256706237793,
0.30173009634017944,
-0.29439660906791687,
0.07817606627941132,
0.2924346327781677,
0.5251411199569702,
-0.18580493330955505,
0.9231515526771545,
0.6599690318107605,
0.2276863157749176,
0.007813984528183937,
-0.6146608591079712,
-0.5212592482566833,
-0.3048335909843445,
-0.354543536901474,
-0.3218761682510376,
-0.8708131909370422,
0.6557967662811279,
-0.07696335762739182,
-0.41116124391555786,
-0.00410436000674963,
0.7018152475357056,
-0.31911712884902954,
-0.021637393161654472,
-0.25066834688186646,
0.5074614882469177,
-0.38173648715019226,
1.132195234298706,
0.09466473758220673,
-0.01658734306693077,
0.09596741944551468,
-0.4268313944339752,
0.06235203146934509,
0.6872376799583435,
-0.13820719718933105,
0.1432640552520752,
0.27326005697250366,
0.514293372631073,
-0.9712074398994446,
0.05425206944346428,
0.26989105343818665,
0.16981248557567596,
0.06553668528795242,
0.37842807173728943,
0.2348172515630722,
0.42321592569351196,
-0.7565890550613403,
-0.1211434081196785,
-0.3546246886253357,
-0.8339365720748901,
-0.031161002814769745,
0.02959335409104824,
-0.3708468973636627,
-0.3535459637641907,
-0.5984258651733398,
-0.1318788379430771,
1.2741111516952515,
0.26495087146759033,
0.6408180594444275,
0.2588009834289551,
-0.22078853845596313,
-0.19271132349967957,
-0.3135702908039093,
-0.11164090782403946,
-0.475445032119751,
0.1597423255443573,
0.7503240704536438,
-0.4275941252708435,
0.4270223379135132,
-0.6010156273841858,
0.4042874276638031,
0.07222011685371399,
0.2169814109802246,
0.613716185092926,
0.5405158996582031,
-0.4202277362346649,
-0.7690292000770569,
-0.5138355493545532,
0.6206550002098083,
-0.643232524394989,
0.658073902130127,
-0.40954944491386414,
0.2055906504392624,
0.09924154728651047,
0.31990545988082886,
0.03476857393980026,
-1.1022872924804688,
-0.03173775225877762,
0.22470282018184662,
-0.09728775918483734,
-0.2591412663459778,
0.9532572627067566,
0.08259695768356323,
0.29520857334136963,
0.006429300177842379,
0.27199915051460266,
-0.2564041018486023,
-0.5380346179008484,
0.6714332699775696,
0.9017830491065979,
1.0467026233673096,
-0.10099942982196808,
0.2300378382205963,
-0.4200523793697357,
-0.24527651071548462,
0.12336290627717972,
-0.08232694119215012,
-0.6773184537887573,
0.5606249570846558,
-0.32246124744415283,
0.05645282194018364,
0.6475989818572998,
-0.12257473915815353,
0.015016990713775158,
-0.6647828221321106,
0.9006794691085815,
-0.5136540532112122,
-0.4947376549243927,
0.582571804523468,
1.1776849031448364,
-0.5111204981803894,
-0.20050624012947083,
-0.2683112621307373,
0.3856618106365204,
0.09776081144809723,
-0.4353562891483307,
0.5320040583610535,
0.302489310503006,
-0.28904417157173157,
0.02524399384856224,
0.17411109805107117,
0.5592666268348694,
0.5875805616378784,
1.2571864128112793,
-0.1536710113286972,
-0.572363555431366,
0.6160402297973633,
-0.00936727225780487,
0.5289766788482666,
0.21087568998336792,
-0.4890419542789459,
-0.43692177534103394,
0.13142426311969757,
0.3219154179096222,
0.37949448823928833,
-0.5895587801933289,
0.021444665268063545,
0.3691851496696472,
-0.18138830363750458,
-0.1404033899307251,
0.7145505547523499,
1.3293229341506958,
-0.737873911857605,
-0.033128317445516586,
0.045363012701272964,
-0.7943572998046875,
-0.15106268227100372,
-0.4976544976234436,
0.137767493724823,
-0.6006198525428772,
0.08522147685289383,
-0.3858621418476105,
0.1508956402540207,
0.622086226940155,
0.36570680141448975,
0.4944520890712738,
-0.2182522714138031,
-0.12788709998130798,
0.5424401164054871,
-0.04163557291030884,
-0.735377848148346,
-0.7577536702156067,
0.2620883285999298,
-0.7625908851623535,
0.6075241565704346,
-0.26361367106437683,
-0.28647103905677795,
-0.6683704257011414,
-0.5780547857284546,
-0.3162299692630768,
-0.2009817659854889,
-0.5570989847183228,
-0.3372739255428314,
-0.1297924518585205,
-0.7633629441261292,
-0.02354348450899124,
0.668982207775116,
0.8168926239013672,
-0.47378093004226685,
-1.3334174156188965,
0.137478306889534,
-0.056668639183044434,
0.20904919505119324,
0.24220652878284454,
0.25138741731643677,
-0.22359097003936768,
-0.5359388589859009,
0.8261394500732422,
-0.6302533745765686,
-0.044504258781671524,
0.24282675981521606,
0.08334499597549438,
-0.19834943115711212,
0.230128675699234,
0.4481462836265564,
0.20681132376194,
-0.7840859889984131,
0.7057444453239441,
-0.049957484006881714,
0.7895254492759705,
-0.8572023510932922,
0.02441377192735672,
-0.6589673757553101,
-0.31712910532951355,
-4.101747512817383,
0.5731738805770874,
-0.5112848281860352,
0.23445439338684082,
-0.15275296568870544,
0.18875029683113098,
0.2848455011844635,
-0.250505656003952,
0.33173370361328125,
0.06843418627977371,
-0.014930590987205505,
-0.7069711089134216,
0.6315227150917053,
1.4006061553955078,
0.3396226167678833,
0.836201012134552,
0.4256548285484314,
-0.2327134907245636,
-0.22430852055549622,
-0.14721190929412842,
-0.35828354954719543,
0.01978951133787632,
-0.9062022566795349,
0.07394518703222275,
0.19394837319850922,
0.5877999663352966,
0.20233646035194397,
-0.15863975882530212,
-0.6061033010482788,
-0.5079285502433777,
0.3117741346359253,
-0.24929304420948029,
0.13414974510669708,
-0.07053159177303314,
-0.9566571116447449,
0.6642265319824219,
0.3954572081565857,
0.922995388507843,
-0.040174487978219986,
-0.5212292075157166,
0.10398910194635391,
1.4230091571807861,
0.13489708304405212,
-0.7702924013137817,
0.4692082703113556,
0.07409849017858505,
-1.0737272500991821,
0.2920512557029724,
-0.7569915652275085,
0.6765720248222351,
0.5410142540931702,
-0.45635977387428284,
0.6773631572723389,
-0.1310165822505951,
-0.08744847029447556,
-0.3361075222492218,
0.7516690492630005,
-0.6349774599075317,
-0.08129102736711502,
0.5415225028991699,
0.4552626609802246,
0.3118141293525696,
-0.46908923983573914,
-0.9832135438919067,
0.014557110145688057,
-0.2138928771018982,
0.5128094553947449,
0.8412975072860718,
0.6207674741744995,
0.1590949296951294,
0.14840655028820038,
0.17186088860034943,
-0.25268563628196716,
-0.7335711717605591,
-0.8295066952705383,
-0.9529025554656982,
-0.3916844427585602,
-0.1679619997739792,
-0.33326059579849243,
0.23331837356090546,
-0.5699877142906189,
-0.1329827904701233,
-0.2651928961277008,
0.2523345649242401,
0.1683393120765686,
-0.6440697908401489,
-0.2776007354259491,
-0.396627277135849,
0.07829452306032181,
-0.8207341432571411,
0.3237381875514984,
-0.10176711529493332,
0.46524834632873535,
0.150644451379776,
-0.2718743085861206,
0.8780309557914734,
-0.15199773013591766,
-0.22983543574810028,
0.17528176307678223,
-0.9440768361091614,
1.0458576679229736,
-0.3678777813911438,
0.5808835625648499,
-0.16136716306209564,
-0.4747476279735565,
-0.028337163850665092,
0.5681520104408264,
0.30344653129577637,
-0.2161104530096054,
0.47072818875312805,
-0.14492081105709076,
0.05512160807847977,
-0.37417519092559814,
-1.3973429203033447,
0.9685890674591064,
-0.5630521178245544,
-0.2230387181043625,
1.098217248916626,
0.2054600864648819,
0.06042465195059776,
0.14669989049434662,
0.3082449436187744,
0.305823415517807,
-0.08593106269836426,
-0.5963748693466187,
-0.18462102115154266,
-0.24011780321598053,
0.24309898912906647,
0.3352085053920746,
0.5460988879203796,
0.14321020245552063,
0.33631232380867004,
-0.620809018611908,
-0.43574124574661255,
-0.23123320937156677,
-0.15874101221561432,
-0.42626622319221497,
0.513820230960846,
0.09405405074357986,
0.3195105493068695,
1.052535891532898,
-0.32778728008270264,
-0.08949064463376999,
0.2789960503578186,
-0.5160359740257263,
0.3043375611305237,
0.04758242890238762,
0.8086735010147095,
-0.9830373525619507,
-0.2126285582780838,
-1.1968131065368652,
-0.9465144872665405,
0.08959812670946121,
-1.1890182495117188,
0.3231261372566223,
-0.2234632670879364,
0.46558478474617004,
0.48850274085998535,
-0.23186048865318298,
-0.6230365633964539,
-0.10015491396188736,
-0.6473808288574219,
-1.0265103578567505,
0.4455094039440155,
0.09484054893255234,
0.2152012288570404,
-0.67228102684021,
-0.09366732835769653,
-0.5540595650672913,
0.5524597764015198,
-0.39914271235466003,
-1.2632709741592407,
-1.3102582693099976,
-0.5494840145111084,
0.018258556723594666,
-0.6304173469543457,
0.03326531499624252,
0.1222766563296318,
-0.7639415860176086,
-0.012805739417672157,
0.07299595326185226,
0.2644527554512024,
-0.2286650389432907,
0.3525441586971283,
0.8738340735435486,
-0.6911652088165283,
-0.36652621626853943,
0.0216583963483572,
-0.5373580455780029,
-0.8722320199012756,
0.7125946879386902,
-0.087765634059906,
0.392463356256485,
-0.0917208343744278,
0.6304100155830383,
-1.371260404586792,
0.1397199034690857,
-1.0363707542419434,
-0.1817638874053955,
-0.4594053328037262,
0.2975384294986725,
0.674849271774292,
0.45570752024650574,
1.4281549453735352,
0.6201860904693604,
-0.6923324465751648,
0.566482663154602,
0.8279688954353333,
-0.19493471086025238,
0.4468730092048645,
-0.97906494140625,
-0.33639365434646606,
-0.12522217631340027,
0.04672635346651077,
-0.04640873894095421,
-0.1966087520122528,
0.47962215542793274,
-0.37523773312568665,
-0.973280131816864,
-0.42320770025253296,
-0.7907053828239441,
-0.2951153516769409,
-0.4930420517921448,
-0.6154680252075195,
-0.37983784079551697,
0.00022484592045657337,
-0.37898242473602295,
-0.16090860962867737,
1.3920583724975586,
-0.7125428318977356,
0.7103928923606873,
-0.028143372386693954,
0.6215605735778809,
0.18753468990325928,
-0.24842534959316254,
0.16560354828834534,
-0.15364974737167358,
0.510705828666687,
0.5398449897766113,
0.331387996673584,
0.7694320678710938,
0.9119460582733154,
-0.14903272688388824,
-0.10743855684995651,
-0.016235871240496635,
-0.1647428572177887,
0.6057306528091431,
-0.19843442738056183,
-0.6272590160369873,
0.6377720236778259,
-0.6677044630050659,
-0.11661533266305923,
0.15844212472438812,
0.5823426246643066,
1.1466944217681885,
0.4204351305961609,
0.08964017778635025,
1.075565218925476,
0.7067941427230835,
0.432610422372818,
0.16937187314033508,
0.005568220745772123,
-0.6433412432670593,
0.21088621020317078,
0.28151196241378784,
0.4307783842086792,
0.13015855848789215,
0.2953159511089325,
1.052629828453064,
-0.16352000832557678,
-0.7622434496879578,
-0.1385703980922699,
0.5303717851638794,
-0.31307411193847656,
-0.4285120368003845,
0.13870052993297577,
-0.02622094191610813,
-0.5566845536231995,
0.34069299697875977,
-0.5439449548721313,
0.09673015773296356,
0.48430687189102173,
-0.08338677138090134,
0.27790865302085876,
-0.23700140416622162,
-0.37820255756378174,
-0.11117798089981079,
-0.07234902679920197,
-0.9614830613136292,
0.10538080334663391,
-0.07849050313234329,
-0.06400836259126663,
0.2943006455898285,
0.5193933844566345,
0.4450661540031433,
0.3287375271320343,
-0.3106951415538788,
0.372075617313385,
-0.3718966841697693,
0.1616988480091095,
-1.2029696702957153,
-0.014790314249694347,
-0.3912999629974365,
-0.2795291841030121,
0.46789246797561646,
0.009542585350573063,
-0.3877437114715576,
-0.04094244912266731,
-0.8850710988044739,
0.3098506033420563,
0.5156270861625671,
-0.7662452459335327,
-0.2853263020515442,
1.1229950189590454,
-0.5532402396202087,
0.15083661675453186,
0.3611287474632263,
-0.42475834488868713,
0.0818774551153183,
0.706662118434906,
0.22298334538936615,
1.2306227684020996,
0.07525277137756348,
-0.04497480392456055,
0.32152411341667175,
0.9153792262077332,
0.7081242203712463,
0.5450373888015747,
-0.095924511551857,
-0.5192086696624756,
-0.5188454389572144,
-0.23346096277236938,
-0.6793370842933655,
0.9098049998283386,
-0.6016514301300049,
-0.08286986500024796,
0.07748313993215561,
-0.196294367313385,
-0.4581916034221649,
-0.02498689666390419,
-0.5693652629852295,
1.1139681339263916,
-0.17762231826782227,
0.41569823026657104,
0.2713950574398041,
-0.3168765902519226,
0.16853025555610657,
-0.3758324086666107,
0.04498076066374779,
-0.13050442934036255,
-0.05312904715538025,
0.016635317355394363,
0.34784409403800964,
-0.4813760817050934,
-0.4699833393096924,
-0.020787974819540977,
-0.07617346942424774,
-0.3472018837928772,
-0.8003158569335938,
0.1045832633972168,
0.06723431497812271,
-1.2029452323913574,
-0.6732613444328308,
0.5006593465805054,
-0.150796577334404,
-0.9644926190376282,
0.16373470425605774,
-0.4535730183124542,
0.04243016988039017,
1.1107137203216553,
-0.3607146441936493,
-0.39714714884757996,
0.2815791368484497,
-0.4424653947353363,
-0.48200082778930664,
-0.12895572185516357,
0.1961338073015213,
0.2678558826446533,
-0.009405212476849556,
0.7122017741203308,
0.3011479377746582,
0.3427429497241974,
0.08933199942111969,
-0.6468592286109924,
0.07044363766908646,
-0.4619673788547516,
-0.17863696813583374,
0.3364124894142151,
0.40431785583496094,
0.1191626563668251,
0.7972902059555054,
-0.5092679262161255,
-0.24089349806308746,
0.7319921255111694,
-1.01394522190094,
-0.5056501030921936,
0.11659872531890869,
0.41445061564445496,
0.6554927229881287,
-0.4689508080482483,
-0.46892744302749634,
-0.25991290807724,
-0.359308660030365,
0.2070116400718689,
0.2419910579919815,
0.2320755273103714,
-0.24930180609226227,
0.03902816027402878,
0.44711148738861084,
0.7751954197883606,
0.26570892333984375,
0.4333272874355316,
-0.2715893089771271,
0.4094167649745941,
-0.9755998849868774,
0.361284077167511,
0.21860000491142273,
-0.5953457951545715,
-0.19517971575260162,
0.7229654788970947,
0.12538130581378937,
0.3364372253417969,
0.4101133644580841,
0.6357050538063049,
-0.24736936390399933,
-0.15435627102851868,
-0.046288907527923584,
0.3955722749233246,
0.3622243106365204,
0.12321098893880844,
-0.292392373085022,
-0.47507336735725403,
0.04983820021152496,
-0.48636841773986816,
0.14160612225532532,
0.3747885227203369,
0.04438592866063118,
0.5415798425674438,
0.256844699382782,
-0.08220077306032181,
-0.4362090528011322,
-0.5073461532592773,
-0.09240255504846573,
-0.042551420629024506,
-1.1550835371017456,
0.7749636769294739,
-0.9122146964073181,
-0.29497209191322327,
-0.3468308448791504,
0.0016182352555915713,
-0.3289283514022827,
-0.8831614255905151,
1.0933624505996704,
-0.5744298696517944,
-0.18605662882328033,
0.8973873853683472,
0.5404707789421082,
-0.3210836946964264,
0.06391211599111557,
-0.16338329017162323
]
|
128306 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thornbury%2C%20Gloucestershire | Thornbury, Gloucestershire | Thornbury is a market town and civil parish in the South Gloucestershire unitary authority area of England, about 12 miles (19 km) north of Bristol. It had a population of 12,063 at the 2011 Census. This was put at 12,459 in 2019. Thornbury is a Britain in Bloom award-winning town, with its own competition: Thornbury in Bloom. The earliest documentary evidence of a village at "Thornbyrig" dates from the end of the 9th century. Domesday Book noted a manor of "Turneberie" belonging to William the Conqueror's consort, Matilda of Flanders, with 104 residents.
History
There is evidence of human activity in the Thornbury area in the Neolithic and Bronze Ages, but evidence of the Roman presence is confined to the Thornbury hoard of 11,460 Roman coins dating from 260β348 CE, found in 2004 during the digging of a fishpond. The earliest documentary evidence of a village at "Thornbyrig" dates from the end of the 9th century. Domesday Book noted a manor of "Turneberie" belonging to William the Conqueror's consort, Matilda of Flanders, with 104 residents.
St Mary's Church, begun in the 12th century with later additions, is the oldest surviving building. The town charter was granted in 1252 by Richard de Clare, Earl of Gloucester and lord of the manor of Thornbury. (The charter's 750th anniversary in 2002 was celebrated with a "750" flowerbed planted in Grovesend Road.) The town grew around the site of its cattle market. Thornbury lost its status as a borough in 19th-century local-government reforms, but in 1974 the parish council exercised its new right to designate itself a town council.
The ancient parish covered an area extending to the River Severn, including the detached area of Rangeworthy until 1866, when this became a separate civil parish. In 1894 the western part of Thornbury was detached to form the civil parish of Oldbury-on-Severn and the eastern part to create that of Falfield.
Thornbury Township, Pennsylvania, founded in 1687, was named after Thornbury, Gloucestershire, by George Pearce, whose wife Ann came from there. In 1765 Dr John Fewster of Thornbury presented a paper to the Medical Society of London entitled "Cow Pox and its Ability to Prevent Smallpox". Fewster influenced his friend and colleague Edward Jenner, pioneer of vaccination.
Thornbury was once the terminus of a Midland Railway (later LMS) branch line from Yate on the Bristol to Gloucester main line, with intermediate stations at Iron Acton and Tytherington. It lost its passenger services in June 1944 but continued as a goods route, also serving quarries at Tytherington. The site of Thornbury railway station and the line have been redeveloped into a supermarket, a housing estate, a bypass road and a long footpath. Further relics can be seen at Tytherington Quarry to the east of the town. There are plans to reopen the line to Yate via Tytherington and Iron Acton and possibly restore services to Gloucester and Bristol.
Thornbury held a market in the high street and the market hall. This closed in the late 1990s and was partly replaced by a smaller one in a car park near the United Reformed Church. The older site has been redeveloped as a community centre called "Turnberrie's"; the older community centre, at the Chantry in Castle Street, remains in active use. The old market hall is now a restaurant.
Thornbury's coat of arms combines the arms of four families important to its history: the Attwells β Howard, Clare and Stafford. John Attwells bequeathed Β£499.99 for the establishment of a free school that merged with the grammar school in 1879. Their arms were later adopted as the badge for the grammar school. The other three families held the manor at Thornbury over several centuries, with the Latin motto Decus Sabrinae Vallis (Jewel of the Severn Vale).
Geography
Thornbury lies in the Severn Valley in South Gloucestershire. It includes Morton, which is split into Upper and Lower Morton, as areas of farmland to the north-east of Thornbury. There is a large farm shop in Upper Morton, while Lower Morton has several cattle farms.
Politics
Thornbury has belonged successively to the parliamentary constituencies of Thornbury (1885β1950), Stroud and Thornbury (1950β1955), Gloucestershire South (1955β1983), Northavon (1983β2010) and Thornbury and Yate (since 2010). The current member is Luke Hall of the Conservative Party. Thornbury Town Hall, which is the home of Thornbury Town Council, serving as a police station and a magistrates court before becoming a municipal building.
Amenities
Thornbury has a high street, a shopping centre (St Mary's Centre), two supermarkets and smaller shops. Its seven places of worship are St Mary's Church, Christ the King (Anglican), the Catholic Church, the Methodist Church, the United Reformed Church, St Paul's Church, and the Hackett and Thornbury Baptist churches. On the outskirts at Lower Morton stands an independent evangelical church: Morton Baptist Church.
The many pubs include the White Lion in the High Street, which won the Thornbury in Bloom award in 2003 and the Britain in Bloom award for Best Pub Display in 1999. Restaurants include one at Thornbury Castle and Ronnie's of Thornbury itself.
The shop front of Wildings (formerly Worthington's) clothing shop was used in the Two Ronnies serial sketch, "The Worm That Turned". The nearby nuclear power station at Oldbury-on-Severn, Tytherington quarry and Stokefield Close were all used as locations for the 1976 four-part Doctor Who serial The Hand of Fear. The Castle School, Thornbury was used for an episode of Casualty broadcast on 2 May 2009.
Thornbury has a radio station, which returned in July 2017 after a five-year break.
Thornbury is one of a handful of UK towns to have a social group for adults with autism or Asperger syndrome. South Glos Aspies formed in 2017 and meets weekly.
Thornbury market garden grows vegetables by sustainable natural methods and supplies them to the local area.
Musical and drama groups
The largest music and drama venues are the Armstrong Hall near the town centre, seating 350, and the adjacent Cossham Hall, seating 140. Performances also take place in church halls and occasionally in the leisure centre. Some local amateur groups are:
Thornbury Musical Theatre Group (TMTG), performing at the Armstrong Hall, normally with a musical in October, a pantomime in the February school half-term, and a concert-style production in June. Rehearsals are held at Tytherington Village Hall. TMTG Web Page
North Avon Youth Theatre (NYTC) perform an annual show at the Armstrong Hall in April.
Octopus Thornbury, a drama group which produces a show in June each year, a charity show in October and a pantomime in January. rehearses and performs in Christ the King Church Hall.
Thornbury Area Music Trust (TAMT), a charitable music trust, runs music groups for those aged 4β18. On Saturday mornings the Thornbury Area Music Centre and Junior Music Centre meet at Marlwood School. They perform regularly at other local venues.
The South Cotswold Youth Orchestra (SCYO) is for musicians of Grade 5 standard and above. It performs at least one concert per term in the area.
Employment
One of the biggest firms on the industrial estate in the south of the town is Essilor, which produces spectacle lenses.
Major roads and streets
The B4061 loops off the A38 at Alveston, passes through the centre of the town and rejoins the A38 at Whitfield, so forming the main routes into the town from the north and south.
Gillingstool and Grovesend Road form an easterly link from the centre to the A38.
The High Street is on the edge of the town to the west.
The Plain is at the north end of the High Street, notable for the pump in the middle of the road.
Castle Street heads north from the Plain to Thornbury Castle and St Mary's Church; it passes several older buildings including The Chantry, which is now used by the community association (TDCA).
Midland Way and Morton Way are modern additions forming a roughly semi-circular eastern boundary to the town. They allow HGVs headed for the industrial estate to avoid the centre.
Tourist sights
A tourist information centre operates on weekdays from the Town Hall in the High Street.
Thornbury castle
One of town's notable features is its castle, a Tudor structure begun in 1511 as a home for Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham. The two intricate redbrick chimneys, built in 1514, resemble those found at Hampton Court Palace. Cardinal Wolsey had the Duke beheaded for treason in 1521, after which the castle was confiscated by King Henry VIII, who himself stayed there for ten days in 1535 with Anne Boleyn.
Thornbury Castle fell into disrepair after the English Civil War, but was renovated in 1824 by the Howard Family. It now serves as a 27-room hotel and restaurant.
Parish church
Construction of the Anglican Church of Saint Mary the Virgin started in 1340, with major additions in 1500, 1848 and 1988. It remains in use for regular worship, baptisms, confirmations, marriages, funerals and remembrance services. It also hosts the local primary school (St Mary's CEVA Primary) for their seasonal celebrations, such as Harvest, Christmas and Easter. The church is the resting place, according to his will, of the entrails of Jasper Tudor, uncle and mentor to the young Henry Tudor, later Henry VII of England. The rest of his remains were buried in Keynsham Abbey, Somerset, which did not survive the Dissolution of the Monasteries under Jasper's great-nephew Henry VIII of England. The church is a Grade I listed building.
Town pump
The town pump on a small island at the bottom of the High Street shows a hand pointing "To Gloucester". The original pump was removed in 1924 as a road hazard by the council. The new one built in 1984 was temporarily painted gold to celebrate the Golden Jubilee in 2002. It is usually adorned with flowers and birthday greetings.
Walks and scenery
A footpath called Streamside Walk starts at Gillingstool Primary School, passes over several roads and bridges, continues past Thornbury Hospital and Manorbrook Primary School, and on to the north of Thornbury, where the stream leaves the town. Another stream runs through the north-east of Thornbury and emerges at an old mill.
Although the station building has been demolished, the old railway line serves as a footpath. It was laid out in the 1990s to support new housing and industrial developments, previously having been grassed over and neglected. Starting from the industrial estates it follows the route of the streets of Streamleaze and Avon Way, ending near a roundabout at the top of Avon Way.
Created by Thornbury and District Heritage Trust as a Millennium project, the "heritage trail" encompasses the town's historic buildings. There are 40 way-markers indicating the route, which starts outside the town hall.
Sports and leisure
Mundy Playing Fields, donated by Mrs Violet Mundy in 1937, include a children's play area and sports ground. Nearby are Thornbury Golf Club, Thornbury Leisure Centre, Thornbury Lawn Tennis Club and a skate park. South Thornbury has a children's play area. There are green spaces around the town. Thornbury community garden was set up near Gillingstool School, but it has closed due to housing development. A replacement community garden is envisaged next to the new Community Centre.
Thornbury RFC plays in the South West 1 League. Though a Thornbury club, its ground lies in Rockhampton on the outskirts.
Thornbury Town FC is Thornbury's main football club, providing for children from six years old up to open age, with its First Team and Reserves. The exact formation date is uncertain, but football was being played in the town in 1896 and there was a Thornbury Town Club in 1898. The youth section was formed in 1990 as a separate club (Thornbury Falcons). In 2010 the two clubs merged as a new Thornbury Town FC. The First Team plays in the Gloucestershire County League, which is tier 11 in the English football league. It won its first league title in the 2009β2010 season and a second in 2017β2018. The First Team play at the Mundy Playing Fields, with their youth teams playing in various locations around Thornbury. In 2016, an area of land adjacent to the Mundy Playing Fields known as Poulterbrook was converted into two purpose-built youth football pitches, as well as allotments for the local community.
Real Thornbury FC plays in the Bristol Premier Combination Premier One, i.e. tier 13 in the English football league. It was set up in 2007 and became an FA-affiliated team in 2009 in the Bristol and District League. It gained promotion each season, with back-to-back league titles from 2010β2011 to 2013β2014. In the 2013β2014 Bristol and District Division 2 season the team won all 26 games with a goal difference of 143, and was granted promotion to the Bristol and District Senior Division, skipping Division 1. It went on to beat Hambrook on the final day of the 2014β2015 season to secure promotion to the Bristol Premier Combination League as runners up. Real Thornbury FC plays at Oaklands Park in Almondsbury, which has hosted to several clubs, including Winterbourne United and Almondsbury Town, both of which have since dissolved.
Other attractions
These include Filnore Woods, Armstrong and Cossham Halls and Thornbury Museum. A heritage trail offers information signs about places of interest, starting from the town hall (once the police station and magistrates' court) and now home to the Town Council. The MacLaine Memorial Fountain recalls Lieutenant Hector MacLaine, a local man who helped to protect the British in India from the Russians and Afghans in 1880.
Twinned
Thornbury is twinned with Bockenem in Germany.
Schools
The Castle School is Thornbury's secondary school. The former Thornbury Grammar School buildings in Gloucester Road are now its sixth-form centre. Thornbury Grammar School moved to new buildings in neighbouring Alveston in 1972, when it received its first comprehensive school intake and was renamed Marlwood School.
Gillingstool Primary School dates from 1862 and is known for its school bell. The school was rebuilt in a project that began in spring 2009. Its Victorian buildings are being retained, as is its mission as a special school.
St Mary's Church of England Primary School, founded in 1839, recently marked its 175th anniversary with events that included a Victorian Week, where children dressed up in period dress, and planted celebratory daffodils. Other schools include Crossways Infant and Junior schools, Christ the King Roman Catholic Primary School, Manorbrook Primary School, New Siblands Special School and the Sheiling School (an independent special school, part of the Camphill Movement). John Attwells's Free School existed in the 19th century. A plaque about it can be seen on a shop in St Mary's Shopping Centre.
Notable people
In order of birth:
Beverley Robinson (1723β1792), American loyalist, died in Thornbury.
William Holwell (1726β1798), classicist and lexicographer, was presented to the vicarage by Christ Church, Oxford in January 1762.
John Rolph (1793β1870), Canadian politician, was born in Thornbury.
George Rolph (1794β1875), Canadian politician, was born in Thornbury.
Handel Cossham (1824β1890), politician, was born in Thornbury.
E. M. Grace (1841β1911), international and county cricketer, later played for Thornbury Cricket Club; father of the below.
Norman Grace (1894β1975), first-class cricketer and Royal Navy officer; son of the above.
W. N. Hodgson (1893β1916), war poet, was born in Thornbury.
Florence Margaret Spencer Palmer (1900β1987), composer
R. W. G. Dennis (1910β2003), mycologist and plant pathologist, was born in Thornbury and attended the grammar school.
Tony Britton (1924β2019), actor, attended the grammar school.
Sarah Singleton (born 1966), novelist and children's writer, was born in Thornbury.
John Robins (born 1982), comedian, grew up in Thornbury.
Emily Webley-Smith (born 1984), tennis player, was born in Thornbury.
Matthew Kane (actor) (born 1991), actor, lived and grew up in Thornbury.
Mako Vunipola (born 1991), rugby player, lived in Thornbury and attended The Castle School.
Billy Vunipola (born 1992), rugby player, lived here and attended The Castle School.
Gallery
References
External links
Thornbury Town Council
Thornbury Parish Church
https://ukga.org/england/Gloucestershire/towns/Thornbury.html
Market towns in Gloucestershire
Towns in Gloucestershire
South Gloucestershire District
Civil parishes in Gloucestershire | [
0.0224623866379261,
-0.034019943326711655,
0.4192063510417938,
-0.5217071175575256,
-0.026175720617175102,
0.44327422976493835,
0.9312527775764465,
-0.31755387783050537,
0.14030689001083374,
-0.37574589252471924,
-0.12430746108293533,
0.5321342945098877,
0.479676216840744,
0.5850342512130737,
-0.5863732099533081,
0.17816439270973206,
0.8455016613006592,
0.7164244055747986,
0.7561461329460144,
-0.6840373873710632,
0.013355345465242863,
-0.6045950055122375,
0.0769369825720787,
-0.017843693494796753,
-0.08638826012611389,
-0.07202156633138657,
0.5344510078430176,
0.049946244806051254,
0.013944368809461594,
-0.09597326815128326,
0.1089959368109703,
1.1691421270370483,
-0.22424820065498352,
-0.5551585555076599,
0.647365391254425,
0.08101437985897064,
0.6757969260215759,
-0.2431771159172058,
-0.01775994896888733,
-0.7995611429214478,
-0.556763768196106,
0.36582285165786743,
-0.056180715560913086,
0.12671785056591034,
-0.15612651407718658,
-0.9255077242851257,
-1.279539704322815,
-0.1623639315366745,
-0.5015896558761597,
0.027056165039539337,
-0.6204442977905273,
0.1096014678478241,
0.3680550456047058,
-0.6724959015846252,
0.9036969542503357,
0.1532127559185028,
-1.0140365362167358,
-0.10036618262529373,
1.0424121618270874,
1.114781141281128,
-0.13834403455257416,
0.08031818270683289,
-0.4606885612010956,
0.38629695773124695,
-0.18829064071178436,
0.21557831764221191,
0.18249157071113586,
0.7166428565979004,
-0.6755136847496033,
-0.4061338007450104,
-0.4689306616783142,
-0.6254338026046753,
0.052242886275053024,
0.16507333517074585,
-0.4230978488922119,
0.39031240344047546,
-0.22094914317131042,
0.1263589859008789,
0.3192673623561859,
-0.07133124023675919,
0.5741708874702454,
0.20948901772499084,
0.8609928488731384,
0.46997472643852234,
0.4269830882549286,
0.1247967854142189,
-0.7226117253303528,
-0.0008203546749427915,
-0.4000285565853119,
0.8388907313346863,
-0.13697384297847748,
0.2266635000705719,
-0.23954638838768005,
-0.33871784806251526,
-0.0774490088224411,
-0.4083956480026245,
0.2477138489484787,
0.056191232055425644,
0.4804214835166931,
0.6070982217788696,
-0.5723869800567627,
0.44298237562179565,
0.470586895942688,
-0.21194300055503845,
-0.32428595423698425,
0.10441054403781891,
-0.807606041431427,
-0.5600301027297974,
-0.04221320152282715,
-0.134079709649086,
-0.7409026622772217,
0.40513089299201965,
0.026754960417747498,
-0.6015207767486572,
-0.09894178807735443,
0.7703004479408264,
0.7951766848564148,
-0.32446837425231934,
-0.3372766673564911,
0.23842081427574158,
0.16352960467338562,
0.98891282081604,
-0.14278824627399445,
-0.0067019592970609665,
-0.29441583156585693,
-0.009577011689543724,
0.5261391997337341,
0.2527209520339966,
0.26913201808929443,
0.30458131432533264,
0.4540024995803833,
0.8858689069747925,
-0.15489210188388824,
-0.2901991605758667,
0.09080956876277924,
-0.527299165725708,
-0.38069263100624084,
0.4288056194782257,
0.562063455581665,
0.5988238453865051,
-0.31422263383865356,
0.24189403653144836,
-0.9370772242546082,
-0.002934793010354042,
0.34938257932662964,
0.5901919007301331,
0.2608882486820221,
-0.7138798832893372,
-0.5088310241699219,
-0.2073555886745453,
0.39995256066322327,
0.4365975558757782,
-0.3875266909599304,
0.05345446988940239,
-0.4623865783214569,
-0.03216933459043503,
0.6043636798858643,
-0.3494279980659485,
-0.39031681418418884,
0.2393360137939453,
-0.16335365176200867,
-0.6644309163093567,
0.9877065420150757,
0.061788804829120636,
0.24605123698711395,
-0.04881942644715309,
0.23922419548034668,
-0.49988511204719543,
0.24457721412181854,
0.8775357007980347,
-0.8948030471801758,
0.13754117488861084,
0.6447111964225769,
-0.569435715675354,
0.5904316902160645,
-0.7079010009765625,
1.6073696613311768,
0.8500816226005554,
0.6072185635566711,
-0.020626410841941833,
-0.7391875386238098,
0.3337734043598175,
0.14227217435836792,
0.10372812300920486,
0.41626212000846863,
0.5778303146362305,
0.40865129232406616,
0.39101627469062805,
0.3124814033508301,
-0.144069641828537,
0.05619596689939499,
-0.6184603571891785,
0.6481024622917175,
0.13790546357631683,
0.7296543717384338,
0.6066268086433411,
0.2666498124599457,
-0.20900247991085052,
-0.3143656849861145,
0.2787895202636719,
0.0581502728164196,
-0.40720346570014954,
0.3313244581222534,
-0.3357524573802948,
-1.0149487257003784,
-0.027876464650034904,
0.6305549740791321,
-0.6910196542739868,
-0.06478534638881683,
0.6377529501914978,
-0.2884172797203064,
-0.4200540781021118,
-0.4052119255065918,
-0.31409013271331787,
0.5848170518875122,
-0.17738017439842224,
-0.2180096060037613,
0.2649862766265869,
0.5640043616294861,
-1.1210641860961914,
0.11301925033330917,
-0.10334080457687378,
0.12419403344392776,
-0.021181415766477585,
0.01418979000300169,
0.8117554783821106,
-0.006028348580002785,
-0.41107797622680664,
-0.5883995890617371,
-0.9594499468803406,
-0.3434268832206726,
0.553304135799408,
0.1638830304145813,
-0.5727288126945496,
-0.16859298944473267,
-0.16938775777816772,
-0.3265829086303711,
-0.5877284407615662,
0.5740270614624023,
-0.964096188545227,
0.2217295616865158,
-0.3138531446456909,
-1.1047472953796387,
0.28628772497177124,
0.46134859323501587,
1.0661259889602661,
0.1746530681848526,
0.5433037281036377,
-0.3336549699306488,
-0.9200201630592346,
0.26565513014793396,
0.5031048059463501,
0.6745397448539734,
-0.3107930123806,
0.61641526222229,
-0.36951977014541626,
-0.4064566195011139,
0.22303691506385803,
0.4959539473056793,
0.18128009140491486,
-0.7472763061523438,
0.29412055015563965,
0.2796686291694641,
0.3993849754333496,
-0.016045136377215385,
-0.6011891961097717,
-0.27206745743751526,
-0.9587981700897217,
0.38504794239997864,
-0.46815964579582214,
0.23751920461654663,
-0.45056846737861633,
-0.5274575352668762,
-0.4094025194644928,
-0.13800908625125885,
0.33705174922943115,
0.18235452473163605,
-0.1562069058418274,
-0.16905686259269714,
-0.44078704714775085,
0.9015474915504456,
0.8753901720046997,
0.09238724410533905,
-0.06062348559498787,
-0.20389024913311005,
-0.39899930357933044,
0.37771251797676086,
-0.43555083870887756,
-0.2986622154712677,
-0.5118171572685242,
-0.760929524898529,
0.14219717681407928,
-0.669529914855957,
1.4282010793685913,
-1.0876960754394531,
0.47265711426734924,
-0.8601193428039551,
0.3058864176273346,
0.24770334362983704,
-0.41305744647979736,
0.05753938853740692,
0.5907222628593445,
-0.5621170401573181,
0.12285143882036209,
-0.014516642317175865,
-0.19318710267543793,
-0.5210152864456177,
-0.3227287232875824,
-4.5979390144348145,
0.7067819833755493,
-0.22250987589359283,
0.2239750325679779,
0.5233558416366577,
0.13100995123386383,
-0.16457247734069824,
-0.2726009786128998,
-0.5617550611495972,
-0.07708360254764557,
0.0439797043800354,
-0.37479254603385925,
-0.07105638086795807,
0.5867717266082764,
1.1399648189544678,
0.6272239089012146,
0.7148907780647278,
-0.49329906702041626,
0.7477603554725647,
0.20690323412418365,
-0.21718992292881012,
0.01767745241522789,
-0.233419731259346,
0.28765690326690674,
0.6572264432907104,
0.29252156615257263,
-0.2596285939216614,
-0.4248336851596832,
-1.3230270147323608,
-0.315104603767395,
-0.04770268127322197,
0.03905893489718437,
0.015964137390255928,
0.8115864992141724,
-0.3968697190284729,
0.5627219676971436,
-0.020526135340332985,
-0.01848614774644375,
0.5950302481651306,
-0.8860458135604858,
0.0020333442371338606,
0.5120134353637695,
-0.24179567396640778,
0.006557720713317394,
0.5223181247711182,
-0.25575166940689087,
-0.9211366772651672,
0.06319226324558258,
-0.17915742099285126,
0.9835903644561768,
-0.135999858379364,
-0.02838967554271221,
0.20475172996520996,
-0.12503798305988312,
-0.04484528675675392,
-0.3899482488632202,
0.6446762681007385,
-0.17026963829994202,
0.033624231815338135,
0.8196931481361389,
0.08954125642776489,
-0.8331759572029114,
-0.3155969977378845,
-0.13394519686698914,
-0.18332621455192566,
-0.5546422004699707,
0.06526050716638565,
0.04508337378501892,
0.3111531436443329,
0.1913323700428009,
-0.4797499477863312,
0.2498083859682083,
-0.2687092125415802,
-0.7066996693611145,
0.2965720593929291,
-0.1654762476682663,
-0.5876763463020325,
0.022915003821253777,
-0.31988078355789185,
0.29361093044281006,
0.1241953894495964,
-0.5063669085502625,
0.14863678812980652,
0.45523977279663086,
-0.04565989598631859,
-1.0110251903533936,
-0.23493146896362305,
-0.47250959277153015,
-0.40264856815338135,
-1.2111282348632812,
0.5239271521568298,
-0.8485076427459717,
0.3420337438583374,
0.10023802518844604,
0.0517057329416275,
0.37028026580810547,
0.6316007375717163,
0.3673090636730194,
0.018662843853235245,
-0.28388500213623047,
-0.11770141124725342,
0.06369317322969437,
-0.07995347678661346,
-0.15111872553825378,
-0.5025679469108582,
-0.084444560110569,
0.30366215109825134,
0.3671487271785736,
0.8431497812271118,
-0.33431005477905273,
0.6467834115028381,
0.06690766662359238,
-0.5595939755439758,
-0.3087524473667145,
0.23471865057945251,
-0.4539574980735779,
-0.8474660515785217,
0.6190659403800964,
0.08164013177156448,
0.485509991645813,
-0.00943340826779604,
0.3981987237930298,
-0.30854907631874084,
-0.3297702968120575,
-0.4527767598628998,
-0.24575744569301605,
0.7302287817001343,
0.18049724400043488,
-0.6112443804740906,
0.17413151264190674,
-0.0925963744521141,
-0.0763569101691246,
-0.7457748055458069,
-0.6222226023674011,
-0.28107205033302307,
-0.242677703499794,
-0.47564053535461426,
-0.2056896984577179,
0.11260294914245605,
0.6840024590492249,
0.9719212651252747,
0.21955397725105286,
0.04742422327399254,
-0.014211523346602917,
0.28578948974609375,
-0.1466558873653412,
0.5631510019302368,
-0.07325899600982666,
-0.8118820786476135,
0.5592849254608154,
-0.4680962860584259,
0.5986363291740417,
-0.35789409279823303,
-0.7994064092636108,
0.10617947578430176,
-0.4804666042327881,
-0.3485259711742401,
0.23125487565994263,
0.11887305974960327,
-0.03184213861823082,
-0.47974690794944763,
0.2023012638092041,
-0.6317055821418762,
0.2553894817829132,
0.6557560563087463,
-0.22164763510227203,
-0.3812673091888428,
-0.2204720675945282,
-0.11031007021665573,
0.5453940629959106,
0.2759178876876831,
-0.5638389587402344,
-0.804284393787384,
0.15738175809383392,
-0.08263599127531052,
-0.6221699714660645,
0.09410418570041656,
0.6455547213554382,
-0.6881296038627625,
-0.3465072810649872,
-0.21599435806274414,
-0.18692855536937714,
-0.21025791764259338,
-0.08694221824407578,
0.6248915195465088,
-1.1389771699905396,
-0.44172704219818115,
-0.7255604863166809,
-0.22902776300907135,
-0.392252117395401,
-0.07641123235225677,
-0.1575770229101181,
0.32689398527145386,
0.6357758641242981,
0.09293463081121445,
-1.0766483545303345,
0.08885951340198517,
-0.1603299379348755,
-0.33170706033706665,
-0.7483629584312439,
-0.024421121925115585,
0.5256542563438416,
-0.18327605724334717,
1.03298020362854,
0.446787029504776,
-0.6728760004043579,
0.5543316602706909,
0.39034056663513184,
-0.06223825737833977,
0.8751149773597717,
-0.261733740568161,
-1.0273692607879639,
0.1909475475549698,
0.5739349126815796,
-0.6494899392127991,
-0.32161247730255127,
0.08976709842681885,
0.032008688896894455,
-0.3508601784706116,
-0.7410802841186523,
0.5133746266365051,
-0.7191137671470642,
-0.3820785582065582,
-0.20958323776721954,
-0.8161633610725403,
0.06805095821619034,
0.44604650139808655,
-0.9821182489395142,
0.6068785190582275,
-0.25468435883522034,
-0.29491135478019714,
0.26717710494995117,
0.6645726561546326,
0.5062121748924255,
-0.07262357324361801,
0.08098925650119781,
-0.5721731781959534,
0.0023418755736202,
0.3106435239315033,
0.4929046928882599,
0.311075896024704,
1.58608078956604,
-0.07478100061416626,
-0.6140376329421997,
-0.6418339610099792,
0.10583916306495667,
0.3213910460472107,
-0.12266271561384201,
-1.1199326515197754,
0.458140105009079,
0.019603770226240158,
-0.21026048064231873,
0.03658359497785568,
-0.00037627702113240957,
0.6168106198310852,
-0.27989012002944946,
-0.19781465828418732,
0.29649707674980164,
0.05594419687986374,
0.2960350811481476,
0.5396104454994202,
-0.2013065218925476,
-0.4601260721683502,
1.0103543996810913,
0.5315410494804382,
-0.6268253922462463,
0.14777623116970062,
-0.21345080435276031,
0.6462109088897705,
-0.9261537790298462,
-0.9827412366867065,
-0.3505830466747284,
-0.7129094004631042,
0.4092467129230499,
0.43425801396369934,
-0.3004853427410126,
0.0630379393696785,
-1.3532984256744385,
-0.0670405924320221,
0.050939541310071945,
0.10084995627403259,
-0.008615927770733833,
0.613624095916748,
-0.40886151790618896,
-0.41101592779159546,
-0.4330432415008545,
-0.4835338294506073,
0.19634844362735748,
-0.5979374647140503,
0.025014804676175117,
-0.12287013232707977,
-0.1300867348909378,
-0.3631006181240082,
0.10630697011947632,
0.06085283309221268,
0.31553903222084045,
0.044786326587200165,
-0.1400160938501358,
-0.19724759459495544,
-0.23480325937271118,
-0.7565564513206482,
0.790721595287323,
0.09638967365026474,
-0.14254334568977356,
0.38563957810401917,
0.15700210630893707,
-0.6654866933822632,
-0.5484347343444824,
0.15638864040374756,
0.3789835274219513,
-0.19624999165534973,
0.1734967827796936,
0.35162150859832764,
1.1362437009811401,
-0.28785935044288635,
0.1734895557165146,
-0.18246501684188843,
-0.5641276836395264,
0.07534993439912796,
0.6127649545669556,
-0.12550826370716095,
-0.21231456100940704,
0.7628672122955322,
0.6196182370185852,
-0.8867123126983643,
1.0843064785003662,
-0.6083050966262817,
-0.2788783013820648,
0.5910065770149231,
0.14704236388206482,
0.16661490499973297,
-0.41008368134498596,
-0.6057811379432678,
1.1140291690826416,
-0.1064969003200531,
-0.7251529097557068,
-0.3935374319553375,
-0.051064327359199524,
-0.05028621852397919,
-0.0814843699336052,
0.35081034898757935,
-0.0021542052272707224,
0.7530002593994141,
0.40573740005493164,
-0.06523238867521286,
-0.028276996687054634,
0.2668079435825348,
-0.37388619780540466,
0.32316532731056213,
-0.34463608264923096,
0.26802510023117065,
0.0706726461648941,
0.3565960228443146,
0.02106608636677265,
0.10011561214923859,
0.22024010121822357,
0.5403681397438049,
-0.29462242126464844,
-1.1121081113815308,
-0.032509543001651764,
0.2203630656003952,
-0.5954380035400391,
-0.03346909582614899,
-0.1526547372341156,
0.09759178757667542,
-0.16897352039813995,
0.518524706363678,
-0.5822113752365112,
-0.4617224931716919,
0.8077831864356995,
0.6467970609664917,
0.40756937861442566,
0.22532396018505096,
0.07315487414598465,
0.5789517164230347,
0.5983841419219971,
-0.04405857250094414,
-0.07517825812101364,
0.1821901947259903,
-0.5226480960845947,
-0.15584786236286163,
-0.01784556172788143,
-0.24584171175956726,
-0.2699838876724243,
0.5224130749702454,
-0.24053439497947693,
-0.1083960086107254,
-0.04224173352122307,
-0.665389358997345,
-1.100274920463562,
-0.33250558376312256,
-0.025743696838617325,
-0.07032494992017746,
-0.29508617520332336,
-1.0655394792556763,
0.39521801471710205,
-0.03316282853484154,
1.3134461641311646,
0.5673526525497437,
0.37798866629600525,
0.45931190252304077,
-0.013906640000641346,
-0.9228455424308777,
0.5207067728042603,
0.11640109121799469,
0.38326066732406616,
-0.6794371008872986,
0.18087220191955566,
-0.40172988176345825,
1.198096752166748,
0.906118631362915,
0.31136438250541687,
0.12680001556873322,
0.48881304264068604,
-0.4211426377296448,
-0.020492684096097946,
0.31522586941719055,
0.2796243131160736,
0.038370657712221146,
-0.49458813667297363,
0.3604280352592468,
0.5206130743026733,
0.05841522291302681,
0.1431218385696411,
-0.06051395460963249,
-0.3224400579929352,
0.41075417399406433,
0.5253729224205017,
-0.5259060859680176,
-0.008854172192513943,
-0.5201953053474426,
-0.11627350002527237,
-0.840512752532959,
0.4214370548725128,
-0.4006396234035492,
0.5373400449752808,
0.5459063053131104,
1.1514809131622314,
0.04231053218245506,
-0.13318471610546112,
-0.38548341393470764,
-0.6986311078071594,
0.8147504925727844,
0.1910037398338318,
-0.7972709536552429,
-0.27857357263565063,
-0.2834944427013397,
-0.6058982014656067,
-0.1976095736026764,
0.5676237344741821,
0.6107646822929382,
-0.19639302790164948,
-0.15230244398117065,
-0.16879722476005554,
0.28094732761383057,
0.4046977758407593,
0.09866341203451157,
-0.2141023576259613,
0.15980024635791779,
-0.12414886057376862
]
|
128307 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A4rf%C3%A4lla%20Municipality | JΓ€rfΓ€lla Municipality | JΓ€rfΓ€lla Municipality () is a municipality in Stockholm County in east central Sweden, and is considered a suburb of Stockholm. Its seat is located in Jakobsberg, part of the Stockholm urban area.
JΓ€rfΓ€lla has not been amalgamated with other municipalities in the two local government reforms carried out during the 20th century. The StΓ€ket area in the north was, however, added in 1952.
It is located about 20Β km north of Stockholm, with a part situated by the shore of Lake MΓ€laren. It takes about 20 minutes to reach downtown Stockholm by Stockholm commuter rail.
History
JΓ€rfΓ€lla traces its history to the Stone Age and has some ruins from that time. After being Christianized in the 11th century, a church was built around the year 1200 that still stands today. JΓ€rfΓ€lla continued to be of some importance in the Middle Ages as several important roads went through it. Furthermore, the centre of the hundred was located within the boundaries of the municipality from 1675 to 1905
Its coat of arms, which depicts a golden lamb carrying an archbishop's cross, can be traced from 1568, but was created in 1955. They may symbolize that JΓ€rfΓ€lla is situated on the road from the capital Stockholm to the seat of the archbishop in the nearby city of Uppsala.
The main population expansion came in the 1930s and 1940s, when many residential houses were built in the seat Jakobsberg for middle-class families commuting to Stockholm.
Public transportation
The municipality is served by the Stockholm public transport system. There are three Stockholm commuter rail stations, Barkarby, Jakobsberg and KallhΓ€ll, as well as a bus network. As part of a larger plan for the Stockholm region, Barkarby station and Barkarbystaden will get metro stations, scheduled to open in 2026. The representatives for the municipalities signed the deal in January 2014, and on 3 March 2014 JΓ€rfΓ€lla municipal council made the formal decision to fulfill their part of the deal.
Demography
Residents with a foreign background
On 31 December 2017 the number of people with a foreign background (persons born outside of Sweden or with two parents born outside of Sweden) was 31,031, or 40.59% of the population (76,453 on 31 December 2017). On 31 December 2002 the number of residents with a foreign background was (per the same definition) 15,550, or 25.37% of the population (61,290 on 31 December 2002). On 31 December 2017 there were 76,453 residents in JΓ€rfΓ€lla, of whom 22,215 people (29.06%) were born in a country other than Sweden. These are divided by country in the table below; the Nordic countries as well as the 12 most common countries of birth outside of Sweden for Swedish residents have been included, with other countries of birth bundled together by continent by Statistics Sweden.
Districts
ViksjΓΆ
Jakobsberg
Barkarby
SkΓ€lby
KallhΓ€ll
StΓ€ket
Sports
The following sports clubs are located in JΓ€rfΓ€lla:
Football clubs
AFC JΓ€rfΓ€lla
FC JΓ€rfΓ€lla
IFK ViksjΓΆ
Bele Barkarby FF
KallhΓ€lls FF
JΓ€rfΓ€lla FF
IF SΓΆderhΓΆjden Wasa
Floorball clubs
Jakobsbergs IBF
JΓ€rfΓ€lla Spiders
StΓ€kets IF
Bele Barkarby IF
Basketball clubs
JΓ€rfΓ€lla Basket
Ice hockey clubs
JΓ€rfΓ€lla HC
KallhΓ€lls IF
Bele Barkarby IF
See also
Elfa AB (1945)
Old Environmental Party in JΓ€rfΓ€lla
References
External links
JΓ€rfΓ€lla Municipality - Official site
Municipalities of Stockholm County
Metropolitan Stockholm
Stockholm urban area
Municipal seats of Stockholm County
Swedish municipal seats
Populated places in Stockholm County | [
-0.025977956131100655,
0.4332753121852875,
0.2448609173297882,
-0.04998333379626274,
-0.48440054059028625,
0.048011086881160736,
1.2191722393035889,
-0.3765448033809662,
-0.48583993315696716,
-0.2193169891834259,
0.2078472077846527,
-0.34820666909217834,
-0.2603582739830017,
0.19592082500457764,
-0.8041045069694519,
0.4819299578666687,
0.25843027234077454,
0.8676429390907288,
0.16533206403255463,
-0.6781138181686401,
0.12224340438842773,
0.13879193365573883,
0.1913752257823944,
0.2914634048938751,
0.44388535618782043,
0.18182812631130219,
0.49724167585372925,
1.1682435274124146,
0.3104492723941803,
-0.07564602792263031,
-0.30414795875549316,
0.9715903997421265,
0.0384276807308197,
-0.3295905888080597,
0.3826071619987488,
-0.12234025448560715,
-0.2632065415382385,
-0.55951988697052,
0.15811903774738312,
0.06403142958879471,
-0.4678199291229248,
0.29984116554260254,
-0.6190744042396545,
-0.2553178369998932,
0.20354779064655304,
-1.6718966960906982,
-0.8176947832107544,
0.44873830676078796,
-1.1968662738800049,
0.7113479971885681,
-1.2495588064193726,
0.4725171625614166,
-0.4468969404697418,
0.6366323232650757,
-0.041730400174856186,
-0.34702232480049133,
-0.655815064907074,
0.362937331199646,
0.13642558455467224,
0.552465558052063,
0.045283447951078415,
0.07164778560400009,
-0.43376198410987854,
-0.34059277176856995,
1.0866138935089111,
-0.01045273058116436,
0.5633171200752258,
0.09502518177032471,
-0.0975206270813942,
-0.36539608240127563,
-0.6390910148620605,
0.4362577199935913,
-0.0854358971118927,
-0.2490696758031845,
0.1401030570268631,
-0.8115740418434143,
0.08703223615884781,
-0.11260898411273956,
0.19723071157932281,
-0.4476425051689148,
0.27472132444381714,
-0.2879382371902466,
0.7322108149528503,
0.4089132845401764,
0.6475486755371094,
0.05194103345274925,
-0.8357041478157043,
-0.6146856546401978,
-0.31871774792671204,
0.05251003056764603,
0.03648501634597778,
0.26693183183670044,
0.19307604432106018,
0.01287145633250475,
0.4987001419067383,
0.32016241550445557,
-0.10215458273887634,
0.27969709038734436,
-0.24869537353515625,
0.9459457993507385,
-0.2863747477531433,
0.6893834471702576,
0.7118854522705078,
0.27270206809043884,
-0.08970077335834503,
-0.23249436914920807,
-0.5184203386306763,
-0.05406259000301361,
-0.08914431929588318,
-0.21653960645198822,
-0.5276599526405334,
0.18697814643383026,
0.03106139414012432,
-0.3017626106739044,
0.15623080730438232,
0.44419869780540466,
0.03955885022878647,
0.21108999848365784,
-0.030708294361829758,
0.23485197126865387,
0.03791400417685509,
1.1466495990753174,
0.16876190900802612,
-0.08774106949567795,
0.3117716312408447,
-0.4896834194660187,
-0.04092484712600708,
0.32289159297943115,
-0.2717544734477997,
0.491550475358963,
0.31442511081695557,
0.8048028945922852,
-0.5043036937713623,
0.38386332988739014,
-0.12283311039209366,
-0.1739974170923233,
0.046121496707201004,
0.5575363039970398,
0.4142201244831085,
0.0683259442448616,
-1.0766416788101196,
-0.002645703963935375,
-0.3618690073490143,
-0.6469771265983582,
0.16010284423828125,
-0.18430951237678528,
-0.3912278711795807,
-0.47370925545692444,
-0.21151073276996613,
-0.4075266122817993,
0.7131563425064087,
-0.07448600232601166,
0.2599588930606842,
0.10169506072998047,
-0.010270657017827034,
-0.04301466420292854,
-0.10609211027622223,
-0.015130979008972645,
-0.06545957922935486,
0.45660001039505005,
0.47588083148002625,
-0.05981788411736488,
0.6120311617851257,
-0.39395472407341003,
0.20758575201034546,
0.03744863346219063,
0.1623983532190323,
0.4566752016544342,
0.7512587904930115,
-0.6395127177238464,
-0.9044265151023865,
-0.4983256459236145,
0.6297250986099243,
-0.5110226273536682,
0.6399126648902893,
-0.3887697458267212,
0.2984192669391632,
0.14762133359909058,
0.18109673261642456,
-0.27314573526382446,
-0.8452795743942261,
0.19969823956489563,
-0.2257719188928604,
0.17225012183189392,
0.06507587432861328,
0.8210302591323853,
0.0636499896645546,
0.3822968900203705,
-0.32258617877960205,
0.11095669120550156,
-0.116072878241539,
-0.4083794951438904,
0.8497684597969055,
0.6540435552597046,
0.660244345664978,
0.22678452730178833,
-0.0634167343378067,
-0.17543894052505493,
-0.21547766029834747,
0.3535810708999634,
-0.4942919611930847,
-0.761207103729248,
0.599327802658081,
-0.45470067858695984,
-0.4575240910053253,
0.4256904423236847,
-0.00101757631637156,
0.15496256947517395,
-0.3535822331905365,
0.9044818878173828,
-0.542219877243042,
-0.8728675842285156,
0.28884389996528625,
0.22149941325187683,
-0.3883785307407379,
-0.22153620421886444,
-0.6459093689918518,
-0.0753055065870285,
0.055713944137096405,
-0.2788529098033905,
0.3451399803161621,
0.028859056532382965,
0.0849151760339737,
-0.1097019612789154,
0.22939778864383698,
0.1060837134718895,
0.7035207152366638,
1.0453996658325195,
-0.07988902181386948,
-0.44042763113975525,
0.4411676228046417,
-0.040114205330610275,
0.6296877861022949,
0.2620100975036621,
-0.42478856444358826,
-0.6528599262237549,
-0.036047715693712234,
0.6098054647445679,
0.46143269538879395,
-0.5088189244270325,
0.038874492049217224,
0.1594962179660797,
-0.29817116260528564,
-0.17687763273715973,
0.9873170256614685,
1.193524718284607,
-0.39258986711502075,
0.11230676621198654,
-0.16101044416427612,
-0.4796307682991028,
-0.06344227492809296,
-0.1204766035079956,
-0.1120896264910698,
-0.74295973777771,
0.0321158841252327,
0.050531983375549316,
0.25413402915000916,
0.23126594722270966,
0.22862392663955688,
0.5861520171165466,
-1.0763925313949585,
0.12011002004146576,
0.4328211545944214,
0.08009553700685501,
-0.8105688095092773,
-0.06804679334163666,
-0.009316307492554188,
-0.8508625030517578,
0.7121255993843079,
-0.21806752681732178,
-0.21558545529842377,
-0.7664234638214111,
-0.6356459259986877,
0.000705651706084609,
0.3041602373123169,
-0.2674497961997986,
-0.16910991072654724,
-0.12954451143741608,
-0.7736766934394836,
0.3507569134235382,
0.4644642174243927,
0.9737809300422668,
-0.215079665184021,
-1.4527767896652222,
-0.3240024447441101,
-0.05777239054441452,
0.26116952300071716,
0.3130441904067993,
-0.2406931072473526,
-0.2624828815460205,
-0.7777256369590759,
0.051748309284448624,
-0.5370631814002991,
0.08159184455871582,
-0.0235533956438303,
-0.16807426512241364,
-0.07633590698242188,
0.28264501690864563,
0.6679852604866028,
-0.04626758024096489,
-1.017366647720337,
0.4313373863697052,
-0.19116050004959106,
0.7554175853729248,
-0.5524941086769104,
-0.011160248890519142,
-0.23237887024879456,
-0.08759701997041702,
-4.584259510040283,
0.26087871193885803,
-0.431672602891922,
-0.3187253475189209,
0.127574160695076,
0.5060820579528809,
0.4122171401977539,
-0.4193224012851715,
-0.16480408608913422,
-0.003704176051542163,
0.34540024399757385,
-0.4771783649921417,
0.7001657485961914,
1.424263834953308,
0.7145297527313232,
0.5712279081344604,
0.40412837266921997,
-0.13510696589946747,
-0.04574970155954361,
-0.16864050924777985,
-0.33338701725006104,
0.04709170013666153,
-0.9947431683540344,
0.22804661095142365,
0.34771791100502014,
0.7402095794677734,
0.427766889333725,
-0.15188473463058472,
-0.5407423377037048,
-0.4265912175178528,
0.25730597972869873,
-0.006529016885906458,
0.23638004064559937,
-0.5405899882316589,
-0.6600732803344727,
0.12939396500587463,
0.3878636062145233,
0.8194319605827332,
0.4281567335128784,
-0.647308349609375,
0.20329022407531738,
1.1773310899734497,
0.23995178937911987,
-0.5050379633903503,
0.45357978343963623,
-0.03240188583731651,
-1.1386805772781372,
0.37173834443092346,
-0.8549191355705261,
0.8375166058540344,
0.6716023087501526,
-0.5010581612586975,
0.8029404878616333,
0.06362917274236679,
-0.2908399999141693,
-0.3914477527141571,
0.5741263628005981,
-0.15520645678043365,
-0.2014220505952835,
0.6083827614784241,
0.08985728770494461,
0.18704906105995178,
-0.44310566782951355,
-1.0621025562286377,
0.02849309891462326,
0.011146577075123787,
0.4702603816986084,
0.642418384552002,
0.5593818426132202,
0.1493104249238968,
-0.21203982830047607,
-0.02570277266204357,
-0.5483537912368774,
-0.9671566486358643,
-0.6086192727088928,
-0.7041848301887512,
-0.3184724450111389,
0.10233857482671738,
-0.03954801708459854,
0.13533207774162292,
-0.4458816647529602,
-0.2819245755672455,
-0.2377510517835617,
0.20162378251552582,
-0.31870150566101074,
-0.9197757244110107,
-0.12257922440767288,
0.02694256231188774,
0.140677347779274,
-0.7483823299407959,
0.3837694525718689,
0.005515961442142725,
0.22494743764400482,
0.001878082170151174,
-0.3731534481048584,
0.7898949980735779,
0.011671491898596287,
-0.26675158739089966,
-0.05599043145775795,
-0.7043465971946716,
1.0688271522521973,
-0.30923110246658325,
0.7004585266113281,
-0.13631319999694824,
-0.6005589365959167,
-0.21642859280109406,
0.39558669924736023,
0.30886170268058777,
-0.4003930687904358,
0.09185440093278885,
-0.3405205309391022,
-0.006281720474362373,
-0.21968479454517365,
-1.0978412628173828,
1.2024792432785034,
-0.3268694579601288,
-0.39692091941833496,
0.9785420894622803,
0.00643592793494463,
0.029651621356606483,
0.026027318090200424,
0.28448545932769775,
0.603059709072113,
0.2862078845500946,
-0.30523237586021423,
-0.4051746129989624,
-0.025022180750966072,
0.26471590995788574,
-0.11129920929670334,
0.3403263986110687,
0.24338994920253754,
0.27094128727912903,
-0.5728501677513123,
-0.5493113398551941,
-0.2379680871963501,
-0.41266322135925293,
-0.662140429019928,
0.18555442988872528,
0.2931361198425293,
-0.06912069022655487,
1.0034964084625244,
-0.35177215933799744,
-0.1353536695241928,
0.6990466713905334,
-0.6183483600616455,
0.3329981565475464,
-0.0773964524269104,
0.40226811170578003,
-1.0783538818359375,
-0.515064537525177,
-1.3183053731918335,
-1.0105321407318115,
0.25475507974624634,
-0.9976564049720764,
0.32375046610832214,
-0.2656093239784241,
0.22081662714481354,
0.5917820334434509,
-0.0613168366253376,
-0.11155596375465393,
-0.08236564695835114,
-0.8585048317909241,
-1.0555040836334229,
0.2821062505245209,
0.08999074995517731,
-0.04669700935482979,
-0.803812563419342,
-0.25900352001190186,
-0.188421368598938,
0.5610002279281616,
-0.40003708004951477,
-1.1573995351791382,
-0.7879748940467834,
-0.6308668255805969,
0.09829244017601013,
-0.49772554636001587,
0.01320746261626482,
0.002007028553634882,
-0.8035653829574585,
-0.07212142646312714,
0.45961692929267883,
0.3524090349674225,
-0.018046611919999123,
0.7228120565414429,
0.7819809317588806,
-0.3693598508834839,
-0.47147804498672485,
-0.08776065707206726,
-0.5178461670875549,
-0.4965016841888428,
0.18378955125808716,
-0.07184143364429474,
0.438084214925766,
-0.11229238659143448,
0.26886215806007385,
-1.4204373359680176,
0.056067660450935364,
-0.5988030433654785,
-0.4876943528652191,
-0.4810097813606262,
0.4428786337375641,
0.8299803733825684,
0.45471128821372986,
1.254955530166626,
0.24570932984352112,
-0.8320327997207642,
0.6870021820068359,
0.8945959210395813,
-0.41068997979164124,
0.3809313476085663,
-1.272573709487915,
-0.25599512457847595,
0.009708601050078869,
0.6222707033157349,
-0.2780119776725769,
-0.15658490359783173,
0.4444344937801361,
-0.46004876494407654,
-0.6481874585151672,
-0.24021057784557343,
-0.7547646164894104,
-0.5121943950653076,
-0.100664421916008,
-0.6179779171943665,
-0.4807654619216919,
0.30021822452545166,
-0.042343638837337494,
-0.4440537393093109,
1.4047083854675293,
-0.5479658842086792,
0.5030006766319275,
0.024652477353811264,
0.562669575214386,
-0.03438100591301918,
-0.3046567142009735,
0.24922490119934082,
-0.14729861915111542,
0.24753427505493164,
0.3885457217693329,
0.5169267058372498,
0.6773126721382141,
0.5851916074752808,
0.031160293146967888,
-0.08700008690357208,
-0.08344460278749466,
-0.5151169300079346,
0.43995344638824463,
-0.0658518522977829,
-1.0124001502990723,
0.3555687963962555,
-0.3451341688632965,
-0.5428070425987244,
-0.08159065246582031,
0.33863553404808044,
1.274275779724121,
0.15663357079029083,
0.08228012919425964,
0.9913454055786133,
0.6147139668464661,
0.48990827798843384,
0.2649104595184326,
-0.2258317470550537,
-0.12634865939617157,
0.25815001130104065,
0.44140511751174927,
0.36331337690353394,
0.3761603534221649,
-0.1586301177740097,
1.2862757444381714,
0.049985893070697784,
-0.2296210378408432,
-0.5016331672668457,
0.7935702800750732,
-0.2318517118692398,
-0.3241080045700073,
0.29061076045036316,
-0.3069528639316559,
-0.4673178791999817,
0.3678286075592041,
-0.4664498567581177,
0.08206444978713989,
0.802422046661377,
-0.19073663651943207,
0.1377384513616562,
0.109237439930439,
-0.06993944942951202,
-0.15986014902591705,
-0.09749714285135269,
-0.6259579062461853,
0.6541435718536377,
-0.08405347168445587,
-0.5147425532341003,
0.20078350603580475,
0.4781864881515503,
0.2179291993379593,
0.5012556910514832,
-0.28485897183418274,
0.46579399704933167,
-0.3915492594242096,
0.03253970667719841,
-0.5989027619361877,
0.1930915117263794,
-0.3002907335758209,
-0.3400816023349762,
0.029131971299648285,
0.12401022017002106,
-0.3114617168903351,
0.22334645688533783,
-0.561974048614502,
0.19233079254627228,
0.16419416666030884,
0.021596446633338928,
-0.2390364408493042,
1.0207173824310303,
-0.6142210960388184,
0.1372581273317337,
0.5200536251068115,
-0.45927953720092773,
0.13549941778182983,
0.44209763407707214,
0.005363812204450369,
0.7749733328819275,
0.09544747322797775,
0.3627816140651703,
0.04509950056672096,
1.2032941579818726,
0.478323370218277,
0.3177170753479004,
-0.07362263649702072,
-0.5376633405685425,
-0.14871637523174286,
-0.1609800010919571,
-0.9259105920791626,
0.993273138999939,
-1.2384099960327148,
0.11840665340423584,
0.3600543439388275,
-0.45045119524002075,
-0.15020710229873657,
0.32029595971107483,
0.15895609557628632,
0.663567841053009,
-0.18201956152915955,
0.5331189632415771,
0.5371115803718567,
-0.6232602000236511,
0.4318694770336151,
-0.3623122274875641,
-0.0702129676938057,
-0.25998130440711975,
-0.11639198660850525,
-0.11701568961143494,
0.0233673844486475,
-0.6573514342308044,
-0.3786180019378662,
0.021901987493038177,
-0.7335562109947205,
-0.17076319456100464,
-0.6541666984558105,
0.11863187700510025,
-0.38212770223617554,
-0.7289961576461792,
-0.14523446559906006,
0.4338555335998535,
-0.3873167037963867,
-0.8626043200492859,
0.5374673008918762,
-0.13052310049533844,
0.19842904806137085,
1.1240036487579346,
-0.19322070479393005,
-0.04969049245119095,
0.059089429676532745,
-0.41574326157569885,
-0.14181141555309296,
0.4479163587093353,
0.15365196764469147,
0.6726844906806946,
-0.09272044152021408,
0.5194590091705322,
0.39926955103874207,
0.6564929485321045,
-0.016596144065260887,
-0.46760085225105286,
-0.534272313117981,
-0.1879308968782425,
-0.1087123304605484,
0.39418819546699524,
0.3951911926269531,
-0.14261209964752197,
0.4644218981266022,
-0.1382778137922287,
0.18261998891830444,
0.6495454907417297,
-0.9912007451057434,
-0.2828242778778076,
-0.191465362906456,
0.1000961884856224,
0.5528198480606079,
-0.3191643953323364,
0.0721960961818695,
0.036333005875349045,
-0.3751053214073181,
0.29395049810409546,
0.09699057787656784,
0.6340360641479492,
0.031122703105211258,
-0.17913253605365753,
-0.1014840304851532,
0.6765302419662476,
0.27846813201904297,
0.46809229254722595,
-0.28309690952301025,
0.24056529998779297,
-0.6748344302177429,
0.33333835005760193,
0.33958232402801514,
-0.7347699999809265,
-0.04178394004702568,
-0.03335858881473541,
-0.00794189516454935,
-0.1987268030643463,
0.6071237325668335,
0.746528685092926,
-0.09653262794017792,
-0.05435614287853241,
-0.27332597970962524,
0.0455852635204792,
0.17396517097949982,
-0.11247963458299637,
-0.45984986424446106,
-0.39987000823020935,
-0.07740350812673569,
-0.17386384308338165,
-0.1444210559129715,
0.4631541073322296,
-0.26091814041137695,
0.5813382267951965,
0.7454726696014404,
-0.11647848784923553,
-0.44071462750434875,
-0.4098144471645355,
-0.3461722433567047,
-0.02627352997660637,
-0.8803891539573669,
1.0304886102676392,
-1.142991065979004,
-0.7243762612342834,
-0.3562380373477936,
-0.18719170987606049,
-0.058037612587213516,
-0.7449163794517517,
0.5610905289649963,
-0.25156369805336,
-0.35427528619766235,
0.5716726183891296,
0.47900691628456116,
-0.4531647264957428,
-0.0838882327079773,
-0.06879457086324692
]
|
128308 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liding%C3%B6%20Municipality | LidingΓΆ Municipality | LidingΓΆ Municipality (LidingΓΆ kommun semi-officially named as LidingΓΆ stad) is a municipality east of Stockholm in Stockholm County in east central Sweden. Its seat is located on the island of LidingΓΆ. The municipality is a part of Metropolitan Stockholm.
It is chiefly located on the island LidingΓΆ, but also incorporates a few smaller islands in the surroundings, most notably the FjΓ€derholmarna islands within the Stockholm archipelago.
Being an island municipality it has not been amalgamated with any other entities. The small island of Tranholmen has, however, been transferred to Danderyd Municipality. The rural municipality was made a market town (kΓΆping) in 1910, a city in 1926 and a unitary municipality in 1971.
The municipality always refers to itself as LidingΓΆ stad ("the City of LidingΓΆ"). This was a decision taken by the municipal assembly (kommunfullmΓ€ktige) in 1992.
Geography
The island LidingΓΆ is connected to the city of Stockholm by the two bridges of LidingΓΆbron. One is for cars and one for the LidingΓΆbanan suburban tramway and pedestrians. The bridges lead directly to Ropsten, a station on the Stockholm Metro.
LidingΓΆ is for statistical purposes divided into three localities: LidingΓΆ, Brevik and Sticklinge udde. Because of the strait Lilla VΓ€rtan separating the island LidingΓΆ from central Stockholm, LidingΓΆ statistically is not counted as a part of Stockholm.
History
LidingΓΆ traces its history to at least 600 BC, from when remains have been found. According to legend, LidingΓΆ was a place where the Vikings would gather before setting sails to eastern areas, however no proof have been found to confirm that theory. When the city arms was to be chosen in 1928 a Viking ship became the motif, in the colors of the Swedish flag. LidingΓΆ was first mentioned in writing in 1328, called LydhingΓΆ when the entire island and the farms were owned by Bo Johnsson Grip. On a map from 1661 the island is called LijdingeΓΆΓΆ.
Economy
The island itself hosts very few industries, a relatively well-known one being AGA AB, which started production on the island in 1912.
Much of the populated land area is built with one-family houses; a total of 36% of the population, or 17,020 people (2006), live in such houses and, to a large extent, commute to work in Stockholm or other municipalities of Greater Stockholm.
There are also quite a number of conference mansions in the northern parts of the island, providing a part of the industry of LidingΓΆ.
Demography
Population development
Income and Education
LidingΓΆ is one of the wealthiest municipalities in Sweden, with the fourth highest median income per capita. The share of highly educated persons, according to Statistics Sweden's definition: persons with post-secondary education that is three years or longer, is 46.0% β also the fourth highest in the country.
Residents with a foreign background
On the 31st of December 2017 the number of people with a foreign background (persons born outside of Sweden or with two parents born outside of Sweden) was 10Β 065, or 21.33% of the population (47Β 185 on the 31st of December 2017). On the 31st of December 2002 the number of residents with a foreign background was (per the same definition) 6Β 422, or 15.59% of the population (41Β 192 on the 31st of December 2002). On 31 December 2017 there were 47Β 185 residents in LidingΓΆ, of which 8Β 265 people (17.52%) were born in a country other than Sweden. Divided by country in the table below - the Nordic countries as well as the 12 most common countries of birth outside of Sweden for Swedish residents have been included, with other countries of birth bundled together by continent by Statistics Sweden.
Politics
The island's politics has traditionally been dominated by the centre-right Moderate Party. They currently run the municipality in coalition with the Christian Democrats and with the LidingΓΆ Party.
Chairman of the municipal executive board is Anna Rheyneuclaudes Kihlman from the Moderate Party.
Election results
Major sporting events
LidingΓΆloppet, cross-country running, 30Β km.
Round LidingΓΆ Race, sailing race round LidingΓΆ counter clockwise, 13,5 M
Culture
MillesgΓ₯rden is an art museum and sculpture garden, located on the island of LidingΓΆ, created by Carl and his wife Olga Milles.
International relations
Twin towns β sister cities
In 1942, LidingΓΆ created a committee to provide support for the people in Lohja (Swedish: Lojo) in the southern part of Finland who suffered badly during World War II. An orphanage was opened in LidingΓΆ and money was collected and sent to Lohja. The orphanage was closed in 1943 as most of the children then had returned to Finland. The money that was left over was used to provide food for the children in Lohja. LidingΓΆ and Lohja still maintain a close relationship.
Another sister city is Alameda, California. The initiative came from Alameda in 1959 and was part of U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower's people-to-people-movement. The purpose was to develop better understanding between people from different countries after World War II. Both Alameda and LidingΓΆ are islands with a bridge connecting them to a big city.
As the Baltic states were liberated from the Soviet Union in 1990-1991, LidingΓΆ looked for a new sister city in the area. Saldus in Latvia was selected. During the years, a number of environmental, cultural and other projects have been accomplished.
See also
List of islands of Sweden
References
External links
LidingΓΆ Municipality - Official site
Municipalities of Stockholm County
Metropolitan Stockholm | [
0.1478695571422577,
-0.06905040144920349,
0.26822271943092346,
0.5071099400520325,
-0.7912116646766663,
-0.09063785523176193,
0.7198704481124878,
-0.6879346966743469,
-0.6362307667732239,
-0.34841978549957275,
0.19210955500602722,
-0.7509593367576599,
-0.44376203417778015,
-0.19685585796833038,
-0.8965276479721069,
0.3962652087211609,
0.22312462329864502,
0.9107013940811157,
0.14194689691066742,
-0.5964952111244202,
-0.06782623380422592,
-0.1307615488767624,
-0.08260434120893478,
0.775626540184021,
0.16791029274463654,
-0.11929690837860107,
0.5398228168487549,
0.5016083717346191,
0.06881535053253174,
-0.1352117955684662,
-0.35033994913101196,
0.6772056221961975,
-0.18415163457393646,
-0.05250748619437218,
0.19920453429222107,
0.039018191397190094,
-0.2253844141960144,
-0.7802273631095886,
0.12016510963439941,
0.1894105076789856,
-0.7782367467880249,
0.4728856086730957,
-0.5628698468208313,
-0.03717709332704544,
0.5119879841804504,
-1.3983404636383057,
-1.1839070320129395,
0.6174052357673645,
-0.9107403755187988,
0.5634932518005371,
-1.1359217166900635,
0.28986093401908875,
-0.4187769293785095,
0.9636249542236328,
0.0780813917517662,
-0.4208773970603943,
-0.45099392533302307,
0.49040529131889343,
-0.2595405578613281,
0.8458818197250366,
-0.13623426854610443,
0.04204709082841873,
-0.2578306496143341,
-0.5335506200790405,
1.0839300155639648,
0.04595833271741867,
0.17240139842033386,
0.10575859993696213,
-0.26380711793899536,
-0.6523846983909607,
-0.9665935635566711,
0.5550686120986938,
0.11016135662794113,
0.010508204810321331,
0.38959765434265137,
-0.8732808828353882,
0.4115886092185974,
-0.17761872708797455,
0.2716493606567383,
-0.23921650648117065,
0.06307686120271683,
-0.43366116285324097,
0.5858561992645264,
0.7221170663833618,
0.5137496590614319,
-0.10821712017059326,
-1.2622568607330322,
-0.5693686604499817,
-0.02129223383963108,
-0.2342689484357834,
0.008259749971330166,
0.36553725600242615,
0.17294996976852417,
0.005038447678089142,
0.2743895351886749,
0.19570457935333252,
-0.32410237193107605,
0.49654528498649597,
0.013958636671304703,
0.7160706520080566,
-0.19370882213115692,
0.663489580154419,
0.5364874601364136,
0.28053510189056396,
-0.24517802894115448,
-1.108085036277771,
-0.17341746389865875,
0.08190428465604782,
-0.1948418766260147,
0.012498138472437859,
-0.8376165628433228,
0.29949966073036194,
-0.2357998490333557,
-0.4321950078010559,
0.2610374689102173,
0.41758865118026733,
-0.17251574993133545,
0.01992182433605194,
-0.11380864679813385,
0.4044109582901001,
-0.20381218194961548,
1.0182408094406128,
0.4015803635120392,
0.1544800102710724,
0.1736670732498169,
-0.42835626006126404,
-0.11018102616071701,
0.7726545333862305,
-0.3011012375354767,
0.398114413022995,
0.22568270564079285,
0.8733625411987305,
-0.7666168808937073,
0.13828369975090027,
-0.06214023008942604,
-0.360598087310791,
-0.23043058812618256,
0.6904439330101013,
0.5434622168540955,
0.13753317296504974,
-0.8902004361152649,
-0.18595144152641296,
-0.4684212803840637,
-0.5260146856307983,
0.029502160847187042,
-0.04422876238822937,
-0.1786269098520279,
-0.4292296767234802,
-0.5348976850509644,
-0.3814156949520111,
1.1537601947784424,
0.19603590667247772,
0.25115612149238586,
0.30916252732276917,
-0.03420388698577881,
0.19117946922779083,
-0.2587135136127472,
-0.008610260672867298,
-0.062637098133564,
0.6567575335502625,
0.5539320707321167,
-0.3092878460884094,
0.3966216444969177,
-0.6491609811782837,
0.5116676688194275,
-0.2529098391532898,
0.15303447842597961,
0.684028685092926,
1.0072171688079834,
-0.15837618708610535,
-0.7773479223251343,
-0.5880616307258606,
0.6101652383804321,
-0.4045524299144745,
0.7578962445259094,
-0.2269231081008911,
-0.05008755624294281,
-0.03149167448282242,
0.1069694384932518,
-0.1325029879808426,
-0.976578414440155,
0.006572412792593241,
-0.20453597605228424,
-0.2802412211894989,
-0.06762000918388367,
1.0012351274490356,
0.012131509371101856,
0.3899420499801636,
-0.13505764305591583,
0.2209898978471756,
-0.1910364180803299,
-0.7894988656044006,
0.6131502985954285,
0.972733736038208,
0.9956384897232056,
-0.15263527631759644,
0.19211506843566895,
0.05474273860454559,
-0.4737701117992401,
0.1941847950220108,
-0.32780614495277405,
-0.6821290254592896,
0.08477773517370224,
-0.3107755184173584,
0.28441235423088074,
0.7116748094558716,
0.05409911647439003,
-0.008535115048289299,
-0.42382559180259705,
1.0611016750335693,
-0.6224138140678406,
-0.8753397464752197,
0.6985060572624207,
0.600053071975708,
-0.16588273644447327,
-0.44054678082466125,
-0.45619526505470276,
0.2497386634349823,
0.10877665132284164,
-0.3125082850456238,
0.3692414164543152,
0.4058181941509247,
-0.3591558337211609,
-0.16024081408977509,
0.1677108108997345,
0.5752125978469849,
0.49039092659950256,
1.294282078742981,
-0.15377815067768097,
-0.3807750940322876,
0.7003734707832336,
0.111595518887043,
0.5872588157653809,
0.1481168121099472,
-0.2991754710674286,
-0.7474790215492249,
0.17014487087726593,
0.36013180017471313,
0.2618918716907501,
-0.31249406933784485,
0.2949124872684479,
-0.12582120299339294,
0.006410511676222086,
-0.28038185834884644,
0.8632712364196777,
1.2117067575454712,
-0.5317333936691284,
-0.030356304720044136,
0.2639520764350891,
-0.7308056950569153,
-0.2563161551952362,
-0.10521850734949112,
-0.017948521301150322,
-0.7195683121681213,
0.13836762309074402,
-0.13215407729148865,
0.19883739948272705,
0.42618855834007263,
0.6112555265426636,
0.6905194520950317,
-0.6565192341804504,
0.2543126940727234,
-0.016178781166672707,
-0.21956437826156616,
-0.7863661646842957,
-0.25159937143325806,
-0.06778911501169205,
-0.5850910544395447,
1.0302423238754272,
0.16972380876541138,
-0.09136348962783813,
-0.5914458632469177,
-0.48799633979797363,
-0.6654655933380127,
-0.08207486569881439,
-0.6108235716819763,
-0.137658953666687,
0.09186825901269913,
-0.5160977244377136,
-0.28331565856933594,
0.38834723830223083,
0.7158909440040588,
-0.3655945658683777,
-1.617675542831421,
-0.19821704924106598,
0.1090119406580925,
0.14398202300071716,
0.34257906675338745,
0.12140093743801117,
-0.48762744665145874,
-0.746097207069397,
0.45325952768325806,
-0.4916156828403473,
-0.0025504285003989935,
0.21447674930095673,
0.1624932736158371,
-0.40855956077575684,
0.07833564281463623,
0.6048680543899536,
-0.18593761324882507,
-1.0073679685592651,
0.5224837064743042,
0.22726036608219147,
0.4994630813598633,
-0.40836989879608154,
-0.1452377587556839,
-0.23449096083641052,
-0.013070655055344105,
-4.268302917480469,
0.23369790613651276,
-0.3865352272987366,
0.17434698343276978,
-0.17823675274848938,
0.4337031841278076,
0.22731225192546844,
-0.2869998812675476,
0.30045658349990845,
0.024247730150818825,
0.11004874855279922,
-0.2901143431663513,
0.5665271282196045,
1.103768229484558,
0.5441260933876038,
0.7398725748062134,
0.6528947949409485,
-0.1489570438861847,
-0.2038712203502655,
-0.012545536272227764,
-0.5430614352226257,
-0.01343541406095028,
-0.8309892416000366,
0.35717716813087463,
0.44319817423820496,
0.5180138945579529,
0.32639122009277344,
-0.21830928325653076,
-0.5218937397003174,
-0.7652111649513245,
0.45628732442855835,
-0.41802945733070374,
0.2633247375488281,
-0.1543901264667511,
-0.6426575779914856,
0.31332913041114807,
0.6138482093811035,
1.1173697710037231,
0.11402793973684311,
-0.5832141637802124,
-0.06818518787622452,
1.4004493951797485,
0.31165245175361633,
-0.3568321764469147,
0.2589714229106903,
-0.011336656287312508,
-1.1192905902862549,
0.30119553208351135,
-0.961737871170044,
0.8950365781784058,
0.8326597213745117,
-0.3995633125305176,
0.8140777349472046,
-0.06032741442322731,
-0.3950154185295105,
-0.425299733877182,
0.6862741112709045,
-0.48384568095207214,
-0.4920453429222107,
0.6406945586204529,
0.4415089190006256,
0.492533802986145,
-0.688406229019165,
-0.6903525590896606,
-0.195983424782753,
0.07947412133216858,
0.34713461995124817,
0.6479038000106812,
0.5101764798164368,
0.11046052724123001,
-0.046261779963970184,
0.3684368431568146,
-0.7525138258934021,
-0.9119521975517273,
-0.6599751114845276,
-0.6271820068359375,
-0.4438997209072113,
-0.07648398727178574,
0.14343895018100739,
-0.01833398826420307,
-0.7342678308486938,
-0.41600775718688965,
0.17788931727409363,
0.8226264119148254,
-0.09586046636104584,
-0.6537788510322571,
-0.3182971179485321,
-0.20678365230560303,
0.29737037420272827,
-0.904269814491272,
0.11652705073356628,
0.025351226329803467,
0.17909599840641022,
0.15816806256771088,
-0.46520674228668213,
0.5094174146652222,
-0.12088658660650253,
-0.6406789422035217,
-0.017257198691368103,
-0.9458584189414978,
1.3926405906677246,
0.032070342451334,
0.5603300333023071,
-0.0487191416323185,
-0.5015178322792053,
-0.35366764664649963,
0.6226713061332703,
0.6693808436393738,
-0.6574992537498474,
0.08453501760959625,
0.11346857249736786,
0.11599381268024445,
-0.3998294472694397,
-1.3339776992797852,
1.3708481788635254,
-0.23141612112522125,
-0.13234639167785645,
0.9922738075256348,
0.036606237292289734,
-0.00006933066470082849,
0.10927627980709076,
0.439954936504364,
0.41823822259902954,
0.3361911177635193,
-0.41245633363723755,
-0.13810279965400696,
-0.08759518712759018,
0.30813175439834595,
0.2167508900165558,
0.5214948058128357,
0.4324946701526642,
0.3479277193546295,
-0.6219291687011719,
-0.4354636073112488,
-0.06443324685096741,
-0.19714947044849396,
-0.46257486939430237,
0.17493869364261627,
-0.07363437861204147,
0.1511368602514267,
1.015330195426941,
-0.29511910676956177,
0.013020068407058716,
0.38656553626060486,
-0.5424382090568542,
0.09430951625108719,
-0.0067857191897928715,
0.07838809490203857,
-0.8358140587806702,
-0.5307922959327698,
-1.3313699960708618,
-0.8654112219810486,
0.14603067934513092,
-0.9951737523078918,
0.26945197582244873,
-0.38463690876960754,
0.6278660297393799,
0.48565828800201416,
0.02131379023194313,
-0.3244782090187073,
-0.3772864043712616,
-0.5431104898452759,
-0.8888715505599976,
0.4593704044818878,
0.2781171500682831,
0.09054890275001526,
-0.9503800272941589,
-0.579666793346405,
-0.17140105366706848,
0.6047696471214294,
-0.3690384030342102,
-1.4394965171813965,
-0.9141972064971924,
-0.5244737863540649,
0.04788236692547798,
-0.41301214694976807,
0.23141731321811676,
-0.08231820166110992,
-1.0743149518966675,
-0.08334319293498993,
0.11523758620023727,
0.08422606438398361,
-0.3506777286529541,
0.6376841068267822,
0.7494497895240784,
-0.13311152160167694,
-0.6514337062835693,
0.11056289076805115,
-0.5407883524894714,
-0.551936686038971,
0.5516527891159058,
-0.2792234420776367,
0.47004446387290955,
0.07425513863563538,
0.23189015686511993,
-1.0287050008773804,
0.21118131279945374,
-0.8834085464477539,
-0.17969192564487457,
-0.44430866837501526,
0.17275238037109375,
0.5921616554260254,
0.2256249338388443,
0.7255287170410156,
0.3304005563259125,
-0.5814574360847473,
0.5950121283531189,
0.9326202273368835,
-0.4294707477092743,
0.46635890007019043,
-1.044069528579712,
-0.49354293942451477,
-0.12021154910326004,
-0.07223430275917053,
-0.3951341509819031,
-0.2499171644449234,
0.49934300780296326,
-0.652306079864502,
-0.6554543375968933,
-0.21406874060630798,
-0.6776670813560486,
-0.23367281258106232,
-0.33668649196624756,
-0.8330392837524414,
-0.5519248247146606,
0.4421927034854889,
0.032114822417497635,
-0.6414755582809448,
0.7443553805351257,
-0.369331032037735,
0.630310595035553,
-0.15893308818340302,
0.36428970098495483,
0.003576806979253888,
-0.4596879482269287,
0.2896891236305237,
-0.18548503518104553,
0.7519177198410034,
0.35959145426750183,
0.5633201599121094,
0.6684622764587402,
0.5614988207817078,
-0.004679246339946985,
-0.15838338434696198,
0.24244236946105957,
-0.14739401638507843,
0.4621320068836212,
-0.08589290082454681,
-0.9465851783752441,
0.42621660232543945,
-0.6657519340515137,
-0.3921479880809784,
0.10297480970621109,
0.2460239678621292,
1.1224918365478516,
0.5364516377449036,
0.12717695534229279,
1.090809941291809,
0.45439693331718445,
0.22640958428382874,
0.20059679448604584,
-0.133719801902771,
-0.13620969653129578,
0.4136064350605011,
0.46982231736183167,
0.2417665719985962,
0.5462194085121155,
0.27348002791404724,
1.2675175666809082,
-0.38447585701942444,
-0.4956968426704407,
-0.13805212080478668,
0.7784525752067566,
-0.4542236030101776,
-0.12848326563835144,
-0.10106969624757767,
0.039016854017972946,
-0.44920846819877625,
0.34905874729156494,
-0.5439237356185913,
0.05150739103555679,
0.3044854402542114,
-0.019453054293990135,
0.24781113862991333,
0.07242031395435333,
0.0006377798854373395,
-0.20453967154026031,
-0.0402502715587616,
-0.7713046669960022,
0.2770426869392395,
0.081684410572052,
-0.5913164615631104,
0.014923801645636559,
0.5776931047439575,
0.40896347165107727,
0.44719597697257996,
-0.453763484954834,
0.3926355242729187,
-0.2362169325351715,
-0.009479796513915062,
-0.6022163033485413,
0.2622833251953125,
-0.6189908385276794,
-0.31372541189193726,
0.29816269874572754,
0.17340867221355438,
-0.2993502616882324,
0.1244727149605751,
-0.33402353525161743,
0.49615898728370667,
0.7368932962417603,
-0.19578692317008972,
-0.20154142379760742,
1.180098056793213,
-0.5812439322471619,
0.18064570426940918,
0.4311836361885071,
-0.2704479694366455,
0.2923380732536316,
0.3648403286933899,
0.1628732532262802,
0.903939962387085,
-0.08735447376966476,
0.3494967818260193,
0.1051366999745369,
0.8278769850730896,
0.5939715504646301,
0.7307401299476624,
0.21610555052757263,
-0.8904947638511658,
-0.2776455879211426,
-0.19811692833900452,
-0.5103453397750854,
0.924933910369873,
-1.0406383275985718,
0.2781917154788971,
0.33401089906692505,
-0.4633892774581909,
-0.23010104894638062,
0.6162315607070923,
-0.38178858160972595,
0.8993291854858398,
-0.18267427384853363,
0.48901742696762085,
0.2193402647972107,
-0.1360205113887787,
0.2865987718105316,
-0.46974486112594604,
-0.06223580613732338,
-0.2772800624370575,
0.03578246012330055,
-0.01421280112117529,
0.2424771934747696,
-0.5774936676025391,
-0.3362346887588501,
-0.1996152251958847,
-0.44618117809295654,
-0.37581953406333923,
-0.49783188104629517,
-0.41283512115478516,
-0.4335993230342865,
-0.5033091306686401,
-0.3476925790309906,
0.5631808638572693,
-0.38860026001930237,
-0.9334619641304016,
0.4481370747089386,
-0.2532423436641693,
0.15002167224884033,
0.9990982413291931,
-0.08182975649833679,
-0.4794190227985382,
0.09908995777368546,
-0.758296012878418,
-0.3663460910320282,
0.2072327733039856,
0.47031864523887634,
0.45696306228637695,
-0.04237532615661621,
0.7133490443229675,
0.47361454367637634,
0.5902376174926758,
-0.010855517350137234,
-0.7095688581466675,
-0.3544045686721802,
-0.12881697714328766,
-0.2391560971736908,
0.22377675771713257,
0.743266761302948,
-0.0515393391251564,
0.5999146699905396,
-0.215060293674469,
0.32208767533302307,
0.5577899813652039,
-1.1064833402633667,
0.01856391131877899,
-0.3047522306442261,
0.3919786810874939,
0.9251976609230042,
-0.5187325477600098,
-0.16534021496772766,
0.3041291832923889,
-0.48388057947158813,
0.014485309831798077,
0.025241918861865997,
0.9117504954338074,
-0.01252011302858591,
-0.07548097521066666,
0.17005562782287598,
0.7066737413406372,
0.46720245480537415,
0.2380761355161667,
-0.3205986022949219,
0.4273196756839752,
-0.7737604379653931,
0.4694468379020691,
0.04299848526716232,
-0.6823228597640991,
-0.24738217890262604,
0.442027747631073,
0.11940819025039673,
0.22780464589595795,
0.17691504955291748,
0.4306018054485321,
-0.11645883321762085,
-0.3413675129413605,
0.03255348652601242,
0.06060127168893814,
0.18895618617534637,
0.051315709948539734,
-0.517978847026825,
-0.476357638835907,
-0.2046969085931778,
-0.5559884309768677,
0.414642333984375,
0.6891217827796936,
-0.15819309651851654,
0.5623894929885864,
0.5842216610908508,
-0.21722008287906647,
-0.2332785725593567,
-0.06994953751564026,
-0.36304861307144165,
0.18889522552490234,
-1.6730124950408936,
0.7423434853553772,
-1.1936368942260742,
-0.5456235408782959,
-0.5200017094612122,
-0.12344074994325638,
-0.03005404956638813,
-0.6104510426521301,
0.5854355692863464,
-0.5143287777900696,
-0.1767556071281433,
0.43066248297691345,
0.6276928186416626,
-0.38667190074920654,
0.42542731761932373,
-0.03544600307941437
]
|
128309 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nacka%20Municipality | Nacka Municipality | Nacka Municipality (Nacka kommun) is a municipality in Stockholm County in east central Sweden. Its seat is located at Nacka. The municipality is situated just east of the capital Stockholm and the western parts are considered a suburban part of the city of Stockholm.
The present municipality was created in 1971 when the City of Nacka (itself instituted in 1949) was amalgamated with SaltsjΓΆbaden (itself detached from "old" Nacka in 1909) and Boo.
Geography
The municipality is situated in two historical provinces (landskap), Uppland and SΓΆdermanland, but in one administrative county (lΓ€n), Stockholm County.
The western densely built-up area of Nacka Municipality is a contiguous part of the city of Stockholm. About 50,000 of the municipality's total population live there.
There are also some more localities in the municipality. The larger ones are: Boo, FisksΓ€tra, SaltsjΓΆbaden, Skuru and Γlta.
History
The area has been populated since the first mountaintops emerged as islands from the sea after the end of the last Ice Age, during the Mesolithic. During the Viking Age (800 β 1100 AD) the area has been estimated to have been populated by 100 people. They were living by farming and fishing.
A Danish sailing description from the end of the 13th century describes the area as a transportation region. The water roads were easier to use than the land roads and this was also the main road into the capital Stockholm. Due to these circumstances there were plenty of restaurants along the shores to cater to the travelers. An article by Gunnar Ahlberg describes 24 different outlets and their busy service. In the 18th century the restaurants closer to the city were transformed from shabby small places to more sophisticated establishments. Here came not only travelers but also the citizens of Stockholm for a summer excursion. Many of the artists of the times have documented these excursions in drawings as well as songs.
During the wintertime the waterways changes somewhat and instead of taking the sea way the travelers crossed the many lakes with sleighs in order to reach Stockholm.
The municipality's name harks back to a 16th-century industrial operation established by the Crown at Nacka farmstead where conditions for water mills are good. That spot is now, however, not densely populated, and the municipal seat is on land that once belonged to JΓ€rla farmstead on the other side of Lake JΓ€rla.
One of many battles during the Great Northern War took place in the most eastern part of Nacka. In 1719, Russian forces burned and raided the eastern coast of Sweden. Several cities were attacked and almost all buildings in the archipelago of Stockholm were burned. On their way to Stockholm greatly outnumbered Swedish forces managed to fight off the attacking Russians at the battle of StΓ€ket.
20th century
The municipality has had a continuous population increase since the 1960s, almost doubling the population. Today it is the third most populous municipality in Stockholm County, after Stockholm Municipality and Huddinge Municipality - and the 20th in Sweden. Due to massive increase in housing supply the population is predicted to grow at an annual rate of more the 3% by the year 2020.
Nacka became the location of an experiment in psychiatry in the 1970s, initiated by psychiatrist Bengt Bengtsson. It allowed the inhabitants a local access to psychotherapeutic methods for preventive purposes. The role model was the Community Mental Health system developed in the U.S. The system has since been implemented in other municipalities.
The industry in Nacka is mainly of service nature. Nacka has an extensive commuting traffic to Stockholm City, and few major companies are located in Nacka itself.
Nature
Nacka has (in 2015) 12 nature reserves, and two large recreational nature areas, all with a varied landscape of pine forests, swamps and lakes. The largest nature reserve is Nackareservatet with an area of approximately 730 hectare.
Demographics
Population development
Nacka is a municipality whose population has continuously grown over the last 65 years and had by 2017 passed 100 000 citizens.
Income and Education
The population in Nacka Municipality has the 5th highest median income per capita in Sweden. The share of highly educated persons, according to Statistics Sweden's definition: persons with post-secondary education that is three years or longer, is 39.0% and the 10th highest in the country.
Residents with a foreign background
On the 31st of December 2017 the number of people with a foreign background (persons born outside of Sweden or with two parents born outside of Sweden) was 25Β 681, or 25.37% of the population (101Β 231 on the 31st of December 2017). On the 31st of December 2002 the number of residents with a foreign background was (per the same definition) 16Β 281, or 21.25% of the population (76Β 624 on the 31st of December 2002). On 31 December 2017 there were 101Β 231 residents in Nacka, of which 19Β 717 people (19.48%) were born in a country other than Sweden. Divided by country in the table below - the Nordic countries as well as the 12 most common countries of birth outside of Sweden for Swedish residents have been included, with other countries of birth bundled together by continent by Statistics Sweden.
Sports
The following sports clubs are located in Nacka:
JΓ€rla IF FK
Points of interests
NackasΓ€ndaren Radio Mast
Notable people
Thomas BodstrΓΆm - lawyer, writer, former politician and Minister for Justice
Karin Dreijer - singer, songwriter, record producer
Olof Dreijer - DJ, record producer
Nicolao Dumitru - football player
Christer Gardell - venture capitalist
Nicklas Grossmann - NHL hockey player
Carola HΓ€ggkvist - singer, songwriter
Sebastian Ingrosso - DJ/Producer of House
Jessica Landstrom - football player
Ulf Lundell - musician, songwriter, author
Annie LΓΆΓΆf - politician, leader of the Centre Party
Markoolio - recording artist, television show host, actor
Nova Miller - recording artist, dancer, actor
Mona Sahlin - politician, former leader of the Social Democratic Party
Those Dancing Days - Indie pop band
International relations
Twin towns β sister cities
The municipality is twinned with:
Keila, Estonia
PyhtÀÀ, Finland
Jelgava, Latvia
Gliwice, Poland
Greenwich, Connecticut, United States
Santa Rosa del PeΓ±Γ³n, Nicaragua
Adalar, Turkey
Gallery
The images give a view of how the geography looks, with some hills and some tall houses, and streets.
References
External links
Nacka Municipality - Official site
Municipalities of Stockholm County
Metropolitan Stockholm
Stockholm urban area | [
-0.02060461975634098,
0.3276599049568176,
-0.25545743107795715,
-0.012761716730892658,
-0.46262645721435547,
0.15883119404315948,
1.3926312923431396,
-0.5113493204116821,
-0.5579577088356018,
-0.1814708411693573,
0.4228445291519165,
-0.5709266066551208,
-0.19259202480316162,
0.3220950961112976,
-0.798777163028717,
0.48324480652809143,
0.48505839705467224,
0.7452749013900757,
0.5411321520805359,
-0.6600832343101501,
0.15550296008586884,
-0.1061721071600914,
0.2029014527797699,
0.6461025476455688,
0.5786885619163513,
0.07875345647335052,
0.396711528301239,
0.600246250629425,
0.1252846121788025,
-0.01728651486337185,
-0.5335663557052612,
1.1524908542633057,
-0.15928810834884644,
-0.4013460576534271,
0.5701298117637634,
-0.08592183887958527,
-0.3978569209575653,
-0.6003060936927795,
0.3370860517024994,
-0.17038758099079132,
-0.44959762692451477,
0.49205732345581055,
-0.8047735095024109,
0.25138550996780396,
0.46691882610321045,
-1.2642713785171509,
-1.0089863538742065,
0.2847539484500885,
-1.0286017656326294,
0.18992267549037933,
-0.7415209412574768,
0.19607456028461456,
0.10539253801107407,
0.5064534544944763,
-0.3633953928947449,
-0.43250370025634766,
-0.6512188911437988,
0.6034258604049683,
-0.044610846787691116,
0.6305552124977112,
-0.2005186825990677,
-0.12449601292610168,
-0.47913858294487,
-0.4702562391757965,
0.8885829448699951,
0.043580859899520874,
0.1687421202659607,
0.4715704321861267,
-0.2788713276386261,
-0.4094142019748688,
-0.8175652623176575,
0.6837235689163208,
-0.018606889992952347,
-0.39500051736831665,
0.31555333733558655,
-0.2884799540042877,
0.043625008314847946,
-0.06389638781547546,
0.32619136571884155,
-0.30390170216560364,
0.12701769173145294,
-0.49917981028556824,
0.9555168747901917,
0.5680420398712158,
0.32801127433776855,
-0.16332918405532837,
-0.6413195729255676,
-0.4458151161670685,
-0.28318509459495544,
0.14567871391773224,
-0.14225472509860992,
0.4285041093826294,
0.25178053975105286,
-0.21561555564403534,
0.2113998979330063,
0.10970573872327805,
-0.36695215106010437,
0.3411221504211426,
0.11839696019887924,
0.7316660284996033,
-0.28698524832725525,
-0.006549166515469551,
0.24938499927520752,
0.4022836685180664,
-0.0007521194638684392,
-0.4494939148426056,
-0.3520214855670929,
-0.013486463576555252,
-0.23899993300437927,
-0.784050464630127,
-0.6587646007537842,
0.2821742594242096,
-0.025436056777834892,
-0.47489258646965027,
0.009913812391459942,
0.38032954931259155,
0.015100622549653053,
-0.017093610018491745,
-0.23251289129257202,
0.15312132239341736,
-0.0966356173157692,
0.8871169686317444,
-0.2762584984302521,
-0.16533410549163818,
0.17634449899196625,
-0.003347535151988268,
0.47511154413223267,
0.30563753843307495,
0.057086534798145294,
0.25989487767219543,
0.1348697394132614,
0.9507256150245667,
-0.6123923063278198,
0.28756245970726013,
0.10150454193353653,
-0.13501308858394623,
-0.10140638798475266,
0.7294705510139465,
0.6110728979110718,
0.5810980796813965,
-0.8400048017501831,
-0.016646360978484154,
-1.1689579486846924,
-0.33696573972702026,
0.26693883538246155,
0.15811815857887268,
-0.26402610540390015,
-0.5701655149459839,
0.026686295866966248,
-0.2654684782028198,
0.7810187935829163,
0.22638896107673645,
0.2691592872142792,
0.6636311411857605,
-0.3441193699836731,
-0.18756403028964996,
-0.6297735571861267,
-0.13045547902584076,
0.05221610888838768,
0.6549997329711914,
0.45371344685554504,
-0.2509138286113739,
0.32340767979621887,
-0.3379383683204651,
0.08455804735422134,
-0.3353697955608368,
0.042779695242643356,
0.33837753534317017,
1.1015454530715942,
-0.5274607539176941,
-0.5972827672958374,
-0.6809003949165344,
0.23668614029884338,
-0.3239932060241699,
0.5154615640640259,
-0.5747891068458557,
0.030300980433821678,
0.0400691032409668,
0.11373153328895569,
-0.19441068172454834,
-0.858182430267334,
0.36564305424690247,
-0.1619979739189148,
-0.11966277658939362,
0.014968686737120152,
1.1134649515151978,
0.1509978175163269,
0.16216163337230682,
-0.02899046614766121,
0.2993093729019165,
0.20467714965343475,
-0.024452805519104004,
0.9481019973754883,
0.9092662930488586,
0.8299028277397156,
0.3776473104953766,
-0.3185131847858429,
-0.011305163614451885,
-0.28844714164733887,
0.06186820566654205,
-0.07757600396871567,
-0.7130986452102661,
0.5475029349327087,
-0.37071749567985535,
-0.12899133563041687,
1.114784836769104,
0.1588858962059021,
-0.13153527677059174,
-0.48500537872314453,
0.9982659816741943,
-0.5701000690460205,
-0.49437493085861206,
0.23884855210781097,
0.17583633959293365,
-0.28144678473472595,
-0.4307226538658142,
0.04313017800450325,
0.4471789598464966,
0.2048918604850769,
-0.09168211370706558,
0.5227847695350647,
0.17935949563980103,
0.012281333096325397,
-0.23491451144218445,
0.2843964993953705,
0.8317651152610779,
0.17562520503997803,
1.0266672372817993,
0.12071772664785385,
-0.831183910369873,
0.6417846083641052,
0.30010101199150085,
0.4395095407962799,
0.08613082766532898,
-0.3532642424106598,
-0.5653588771820068,
-0.06683890521526337,
0.20270736515522003,
0.22406190633773804,
-0.12419241666793823,
0.0458715483546257,
0.24215133488178253,
-0.4712684750556946,
0.04666804522275925,
1.1582859754562378,
1.0220667123794556,
-0.6016949415206909,
-0.08416261523962021,
-0.18338221311569214,
-0.7943509221076965,
-0.41313987970352173,
0.0071465917862951756,
0.31018853187561035,
-0.5214628577232361,
0.022623082622885704,
0.05043906718492508,
0.10156898200511932,
0.13115839660167694,
0.42465102672576904,
0.4241558015346527,
-0.773590087890625,
0.36627814173698425,
0.5780278444290161,
0.16693289577960968,
-1.0060323476791382,
-0.2812224328517914,
-0.013436364941298962,
-0.5958777070045471,
0.45384469628334045,
-0.261262983083725,
0.14959990978240967,
-0.4984166920185089,
-0.12484956532716751,
-2.008866786956787,
-0.15610702335834503,
-0.35102325677871704,
-0.2315889447927475,
0.20903612673282623,
-0.5468143820762634,
-0.034347109496593475,
0.2264259308576584,
0.7734841704368591,
-0.47756242752075195,
-0.8821290135383606,
0.03751334547996521,
0.1743188202381134,
0.2599925994873047,
0.1687585562467575,
0.11783169955015182,
-0.13513469696044922,
-0.7204515933990479,
0.4019320607185364,
-0.7618535757064819,
-0.16133394837379456,
0.09217236936092377,
-0.16477110981941223,
-0.5817744731903076,
0.32136282324790955,
0.2555091083049774,
-0.1796736866235733,
-0.8153589963912964,
0.5632656812667847,
-0.10281570255756378,
0.5742796063423157,
-0.3485428988933563,
-0.07363931089639664,
0.14364047348499298,
-0.2249957174062729,
-4.087634086608887,
0.27558544278144836,
-0.005934663116931915,
-0.012522024102509022,
-0.05123193562030792,
0.3174365758895874,
0.5381450057029724,
-0.3722694516181946,
-0.40463393926620483,
0.11556839942932129,
-0.17999932169914246,
-0.4200581908226013,
0.39095669984817505,
1.1109880208969116,
0.41820329427719116,
0.12999479472637177,
0.19395551085472107,
-0.07131332904100418,
0.015068551525473595,
0.18812115490436554,
-0.13371826708316803,
0.1468951404094696,
-0.6526303291320801,
-0.12764325737953186,
0.4811787009239197,
0.149372860789299,
0.06350415199995041,
-0.004026321694254875,
-0.5518403649330139,
-0.8344990015029907,
0.16243766248226166,
0.05009300634264946,
-0.13927483558654785,
-0.08273445814847946,
-0.41129761934280396,
0.0982251986861229,
0.5790225267410278,
1.0927807092666626,
0.5877801775932312,
-0.7158147692680359,
-0.03866855055093765,
1.3319296836853027,
0.29213467240333557,
-0.03062165156006813,
0.5628184080123901,
0.18790379166603088,
-1.1599880456924438,
-0.3591345250606537,
-1.1418803930282593,
0.8922372460365295,
0.44110146164894104,
-0.38544753193855286,
1.0547890663146973,
0.15728189051151276,
-0.33128148317337036,
-0.6072912812232971,
0.13810719549655914,
-0.35358867049217224,
-0.23254147171974182,
1.0507473945617676,
0.42157265543937683,
0.11204356700181961,
-0.31348681449890137,
-1.1820276975631714,
-0.11974342167377472,
-0.08035095781087875,
0.28626593947410583,
0.4866025447845459,
0.6072787046432495,
0.07810185104608536,
-0.022736700251698494,
-0.004995591472834349,
-0.7073189616203308,
-0.9511575698852539,
-0.478975385427475,
-0.6880890130996704,
-0.42402058839797974,
-0.04206514358520508,
-0.17587271332740784,
-0.14573711156845093,
-0.236708864569664,
-0.18526796996593475,
-0.3293372392654419,
0.7001562714576721,
-0.20458045601844788,
-0.5270271897315979,
-0.39553672075271606,
0.1528293937444687,
-0.19366073608398438,
-0.5963995456695557,
0.4387074410915375,
0.6126863360404968,
0.3787839114665985,
0.235687717795372,
-0.34795820713043213,
0.6708629727363586,
0.35163840651512146,
-0.7401385307312012,
-0.16160361468791962,
-0.7001492381095886,
0.9045093059539795,
-0.3166597783565521,
0.6575375199317932,
-0.20870766043663025,
-0.3150489032268524,
-0.30912646651268005,
0.4999353289604187,
0.44009312987327576,
-0.14910002052783966,
0.27518951892852783,
-0.38563135266304016,
0.13505928218364716,
-0.47936761379241943,
-0.9876633286476135,
0.7596578001976013,
-0.3158567547798157,
-0.7317329049110413,
1.0372422933578491,
-0.09010080993175507,
0.28786134719848633,
0.2689756751060486,
0.40450578927993774,
0.6943197250366211,
-0.0848865956068039,
-0.16718409955501556,
-0.5819122195243835,
0.16365006566047668,
0.3783152103424072,
-0.20117686688899994,
0.20917204022407532,
0.29622215032577515,
0.19718560576438904,
-0.48094096779823303,
-0.7660178542137146,
-0.09582355618476868,
-0.13196906447410583,
-0.726885199546814,
-0.04182969778776169,
0.2975292205810547,
0.26143592596054077,
1.1668307781219482,
-0.6562128663063049,
-0.3278559744358063,
0.5264602899551392,
-0.7332609295845032,
0.3400733470916748,
0.20087656378746033,
0.3141050338745117,
-1.2438396215438843,
-0.18690650165081024,
-1.5503982305526733,
-0.8688349723815918,
0.38929298520088196,
-0.6611089110374451,
0.6411105394363403,
-0.00906356144696474,
0.7492938041687012,
0.2960612177848816,
0.22552280128002167,
0.03340231627225876,
0.1268463432788849,
-0.6002108454704285,
-1.0409774780273438,
0.4090109169483185,
-0.0008806600235402584,
0.11847841739654541,
-0.60421222448349,
-0.08059369027614594,
-0.42071807384490967,
1.0022331476211548,
-0.3045673370361328,
-1.0562925338745117,
-0.9640539288520813,
-0.5215634107589722,
-0.08058136701583862,
-0.7032496929168701,
0.27514392137527466,
0.24596048891544342,
-1.0255039930343628,
-0.29413849115371704,
0.25249671936035156,
0.32070568203926086,
-0.24429407715797424,
0.5514179468154907,
0.5053497552871704,
-0.5180293917655945,
-0.570029079914093,
0.36686018109321594,
-0.7422817349433899,
-0.6241583228111267,
0.4017968773841858,
-0.49833178520202637,
0.7027166485786438,
-0.10149135440587997,
0.24983738362789154,
-1.084656000137329,
0.006942608393728733,
-0.5052684545516968,
-0.13795538246631622,
-0.3475828468799591,
0.507529079914093,
0.6715255379676819,
0.20781484246253967,
1.3853622674942017,
0.14868083596229553,
-0.732631504535675,
0.4991776645183563,
0.6231271624565125,
-0.15452834963798523,
0.24436217546463013,
-0.7143429517745972,
-0.6183794736862183,
-0.13000234961509705,
0.42981794476509094,
-0.23326201736927032,
0.26207229495048523,
0.4227878153324127,
-0.10145788639783859,
-0.9638844132423401,
-0.15077385306358337,
-0.4912058711051941,
-0.21422052383422852,
-0.24973012506961823,
-0.5164856910705566,
-0.12815581262111664,
0.38546907901763916,
-0.20672248303890228,
-0.3711031973361969,
1.219112753868103,
-0.29602494835853577,
0.1631844937801361,
0.04451249539852142,
0.6110586524009705,
-0.10365242511034012,
-0.324955552816391,
-0.2634872496128082,
-0.1796330064535141,
0.6921483874320984,
0.2706758975982666,
0.4524461328983307,
0.23690859973430634,
0.6511581540107727,
-0.06698286533355713,
-0.13947023451328278,
-0.10611885040998459,
-0.4481887221336365,
0.4404630959033966,
0.3500218689441681,
-0.8103318214416504,
0.4503404498100281,
-0.2757677435874939,
-0.4107969105243683,
-0.15270651876926422,
0.4908450245857239,
1.5439958572387695,
0.5038478970527649,
-0.3990532159805298,
0.8882533311843872,
0.36661750078201294,
0.3221786618232727,
0.3898036777973175,
-0.3820892572402954,
-0.3130042552947998,
0.39815378189086914,
0.033436790108680725,
0.4084254205226898,
0.1255037486553192,
-0.13552595674991608,
0.9140176773071289,
-0.23546625673770905,
-0.5953050255775452,
-0.2758757770061493,
0.5523203015327454,
-0.19087356328964233,
-0.24508875608444214,
0.11077936738729477,
0.07956493645906448,
-0.335127592086792,
0.2742731273174286,
-0.18841394782066345,
0.9761077165603638,
0.7915830612182617,
-0.3067707419395447,
0.5766910910606384,
-0.039187829941511154,
-0.0586218386888504,
-0.13444314897060394,
-0.0727752223610878,
-0.7553117871284485,
0.48334646224975586,
-0.3349541127681732,
-0.5589360594749451,
0.13243257999420166,
0.7275634407997131,
0.3607902526855469,
0.34324562549591064,
-0.25201013684272766,
0.19414052367210388,
-0.1582106649875641,
0.005605805199593306,
-1.171561360359192,
0.040359269827604294,
0.12224844098091125,
-0.13641349971294403,
0.13622789084911346,
0.4784311354160309,
-0.27615657448768616,
-0.07684444636106491,
-0.807656466960907,
0.2765032947063446,
-0.0729006975889206,
-0.14991486072540283,
0.010114538483321667,
0.7819404602050781,
-0.764788031578064,
0.3215658366680145,
0.3655850887298584,
-0.622313380241394,
0.17942523956298828,
0.2150086611509323,
0.5881038904190063,
0.5960493683815002,
0.24869626760482788,
0.3403538167476654,
0.3709504306316376,
1.1773637533187866,
0.6143154501914978,
0.051040198653936386,
0.24797283113002777,
-0.6026591658592224,
-0.21912071108818054,
-0.445596843957901,
-0.2900383472442627,
0.7595393657684326,
-0.9186531901359558,
0.33670151233673096,
0.13096903264522552,
-0.18145903944969177,
-0.6449912786483765,
0.48514050245285034,
0.1907593160867691,
0.895298182964325,
-0.2719825208187103,
0.483062207698822,
0.1877245008945465,
-0.5142797827720642,
0.4996476173400879,
-0.36891892552375793,
0.08360367268323898,
-0.526847243309021,
0.15486249327659607,
0.20432904362678528,
0.08593551069498062,
-0.4628899395465851,
-0.42982345819473267,
0.18284013867378235,
-0.22280436754226685,
-0.08236505836248398,
-0.6105048656463623,
-1.0610063076019287,
-0.2631946802139282,
-0.43566393852233887,
-0.09405484050512314,
0.18679097294807434,
-0.40921130776405334,
-0.8094059824943542,
0.1513792723417282,
-0.0556577667593956,
0.0245110671967268,
1.203249216079712,
-0.31219255924224854,
-0.5711122751235962,
-0.07520792633295059,
-0.6114228367805481,
0.13205347955226898,
0.12756487727165222,
-0.2857913076877594,
0.514228880405426,
-0.5607443451881409,
0.7827014923095703,
0.5509929060935974,
0.9034073352813721,
-0.2561560273170471,
-0.5307629704475403,
-0.29175448417663574,
-0.3899311125278473,
-0.14661765098571777,
0.20356754958629608,
0.1866493821144104,
0.1435302346944809,
0.565548837184906,
0.21334029734134674,
0.41851168870925903,
0.7518201470375061,
-1.0053224563598633,
0.13976411521434784,
-0.146819606423378,
0.6822007894515991,
0.4573007822036743,
-0.28036361932754517,
-0.1246105432510376,
0.035560138523578644,
-0.35109981894493103,
0.303941935300827,
0.02975696697831154,
0.5514665842056274,
-0.156864196062088,
0.1778213083744049,
0.24787333607673645,
0.48934459686279297,
0.5814704298973083,
0.5408240556716919,
0.00200366391800344,
0.5653749704360962,
-0.592136800289154,
0.20315255224704742,
0.5754687786102295,
-0.6233119964599609,
-0.2855336368083954,
0.8119891285896301,
-0.15321020781993866,
-0.4554497301578522,
0.7624737024307251,
0.2026982456445694,
-0.35406118631362915,
-0.1793881356716156,
0.14094536006450653,
-0.18675801157951355,
0.23006132245063782,
-0.35050615668296814,
-0.20380310714244843,
-0.6141225099563599,
-0.20520463585853577,
0.001918445690535009,
-0.2525833249092102,
0.3184453248977661,
0.08132248371839523,
0.36195123195648193,
0.6768873929977417,
0.14149723947048187,
-0.42328718304634094,
-0.48745518922805786,
0.2045164257287979,
0.17452852427959442,
-3.428007125854492,
0.7515771389007568,
-0.9559227228164673,
-0.619083046913147,
-0.4743008315563202,
-0.4873051047325134,
-0.7501036524772644,
-0.554324746131897,
0.5070837736129761,
-0.5372664928436279,
-0.1669919341802597,
0.664450466632843,
0.2801845669746399,
-0.7982954382896423,
-0.042774129658937454,
-0.08127030730247498
]
|
128310 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norrt%C3%A4lje%20Municipality | NorrtΓ€lje Municipality | NorrtΓ€lje Municipality (NorrtΓ€lje kommun) is a municipality in Stockholm County in east central Sweden. Its seat is located in the city of NorrtΓ€lje.
It is the largest and northernmost municipality of Stockholm County and was created in 1971 through the amalgamation of several former municipalities. There are 25 original local government units (as of 1863) combined in the present municipality.
Many of the houses in NorrtΓ€lje municipality are summer cottages, only inhabited during summertime. This is due to its geographical location by the Stockholm archipelago, which makes it popular among Stockholmers and tourists.
Localities
Elections
Riksdag
This table lists the national results since the 1972 Swedish municipality reform. The results of the Sweden Democrats from 1988 to 1998 were not published by the SCB at a municipal level due to the party's small size nationally at the time.
Blocs
This lists the relative strength of the socialist and centre-right blocs since 1973, but parties not elected to the Riksdag are inserted as "other", including the Sweden Democrats results from 1988 to 2006, but also the Christian Democrats pre-1991 and the Greens in 1982, 1985 and 1991. The sources are identical to the table above. The coalition or government mandate marked in bold formed the government after the election. New Democracy got elected in 1991 but are still listed as "other" due to the short lifespan of the party. "Elected" is the total number of percentage points from the municipality that went to parties who were elected to the Riksdag.
Transport
NorrtΓ€lje is located approximately 75Β km northeast of central Stockholm. The European route E18 connects NorrtΓ€lje to other parts of Stockholm. Some of the major bus lines to NorrtΓ€lje include 620 and 621 from Γ
kersberga, 639 from Stockholm and Γsthammar, 647 from the Stockholm-Arlanda Airport, and 676 from Stockholm.
Demography
Population development
Residents with a foreign background
On the 31st of December 2017 the number of people with a foreign background (persons born outside of Sweden or with two parents born outside of Sweden) was 9Β 341, or 15.36% of the population (60Β 808 on the 31st of December 2017). On the 31st of December 2002 the number of residents with a foreign background was (per the same definition) 5Β 606, or 10.44% of the population (53Β 702 on the 31st of December 2002). On 31 December 2017 there were 60Β 808 residents in NorrtΓ€lje, of which 7Β 559 people (12.43%) were born in a country other than Sweden. Divided by country in the table below - the Nordic countries as well as the 12 most common countries of birth outside of Sweden for Swedish residents have been included, with other countries of birth bundled together by continent by Statistics Sweden.
International relations
Twin towns β Sister cities
The municipality is twinned with:
Sicaya Municipality, Bolivia
Paldiski, Estonia
KΓ€rdla, Estonia
Vihti, Finland
RΕ«jiena, Latvia
Pskov, Russia
See also
Roslagen
Penningby castle
References
External links
NorrtΓ€lje Municipality - Official site
Municipalities of Stockholm County
Stockholm archipelago
nn:NorrtΓ€lje | [
0.02715504728257656,
0.24688656628131866,
0.08052266389131546,
-0.08513715118169785,
-0.003610951127484441,
-0.2577994465827942,
1.3320767879486084,
-0.4126652777194977,
-0.5632341504096985,
-0.3527722954750061,
0.15749721229076385,
-0.19434653222560883,
-0.42847397923469543,
-0.12541896104812622,
-0.9961647987365723,
0.02681010216474533,
0.40832674503326416,
1.249158501625061,
0.28461432456970215,
-0.4203294813632965,
-0.26004257798194885,
0.06172337010502815,
-0.09889593720436096,
0.6147444844245911,
0.42670369148254395,
-0.03021526336669922,
0.3758276700973511,
0.7289623022079468,
0.32287222146987915,
0.13768018782138824,
-0.2679234743118286,
1.2944929599761963,
-0.1490185558795929,
-0.28956690430641174,
0.42142605781555176,
-0.07237311452627182,
0.05826854705810547,
-0.4831767976284027,
0.20001563429832458,
0.45645368099212646,
-0.890126645565033,
0.6203780174255371,
-0.6156312227249146,
-0.049091797322034836,
0.5958881378173828,
-1.5353813171386719,
-0.9634804725646973,
0.37612128257751465,
-0.9977741837501526,
1.1511166095733643,
-0.8318321704864502,
-0.036366406828165054,
-0.3034738302230835,
0.6468954682350159,
-0.15854114294052124,
-0.4710783064365387,
-0.3083973824977875,
0.6715952157974243,
-0.15791448950767517,
0.6303088068962097,
0.2419271618127823,
0.15230359137058258,
-0.41893890500068665,
-0.5691104531288147,
1.2216088771820068,
-0.06008855253458023,
0.36896175146102905,
0.362962007522583,
0.14154666662216187,
-0.7147998809814453,
-0.6420875191688538,
0.7944954037666321,
-0.013331117108464241,
-0.20763811469078064,
0.2617507874965668,
-0.8674512505531311,
0.28523463010787964,
-0.3668534457683563,
-0.10682544112205505,
-0.5547221899032593,
0.1429738998413086,
-0.1371358036994934,
0.9735302329063416,
0.69498610496521,
0.5415633916854858,
-0.5028465390205383,
-1.1205503940582275,
-0.7741531729698181,
-0.35537952184677124,
0.01962830126285553,
0.09194917976856232,
0.43044543266296387,
0.14153321087360382,
-0.14923717081546783,
0.32687318325042725,
0.26446762681007385,
-0.49596527218818665,
0.31714239716529846,
-0.20714692771434784,
0.5179347395896912,
-0.5894775390625,
0.5032165050506592,
0.5288469791412354,
-0.20354685187339783,
-0.3262111246585846,
-0.3582228422164917,
-0.4330410659313202,
-0.16984927654266357,
-0.3228444457054138,
-0.18049390614032745,
-0.8967607617378235,
0.40438416600227356,
-0.24789439141750336,
-0.2558882236480713,
0.026372026652097702,
0.5817000865936279,
-0.2588937282562256,
0.2026851624250412,
0.08575481921434402,
-0.14313267171382904,
0.26821354031562805,
0.9958705902099609,
-0.012286858633160591,
0.026993559673428535,
0.08518530428409576,
-0.29212236404418945,
-0.1441277116537094,
0.33483362197875977,
-0.04928227886557579,
0.6473711729049683,
0.35090795159339905,
0.9522111415863037,
-0.9583387970924377,
0.13480229675769806,
0.055828068405389786,
0.2061523050069809,
0.024239780381321907,
0.7575470209121704,
0.4538029730319977,
0.4060963988304138,
-0.914653480052948,
0.16359737515449524,
-0.6156207323074341,
-0.6534827947616577,
-0.035338226705789566,
-0.08890250325202942,
-0.20420107245445251,
-0.4334825277328491,
-0.6975733041763306,
-0.5097430348396301,
1.0057964324951172,
0.33417239785194397,
0.1950017660856247,
0.24373377859592438,
-0.06525208055973053,
-0.002673388458788395,
-0.15911772847175598,
-0.06312468647956848,
0.09235829859972,
0.630606472492218,
0.616899847984314,
-0.4459628164768219,
0.5456885099411011,
-0.4756229817867279,
0.39335396885871887,
-0.10356679558753967,
0.14840853214263916,
0.9094997048377991,
1.0118787288665771,
-0.3225800693035126,
-0.5363907217979431,
-0.6323285102844238,
0.5323377251625061,
-0.3331194221973419,
0.5967615246772766,
-0.3747501075267792,
0.0721164420247078,
0.34133729338645935,
-0.1575276255607605,
-0.3311609923839569,
-1.1274863481521606,
0.13528911769390106,
-0.30125126242637634,
-0.10965064913034439,
0.0012074087280780077,
0.722145140171051,
0.1880103498697281,
0.16797912120819092,
-0.3399910032749176,
0.22337813675403595,
-0.5860603451728821,
-0.6926668286323547,
0.8941788673400879,
0.6229485869407654,
0.7455893754959106,
0.35970965027809143,
0.10125279426574707,
-0.08160162717103958,
0.06704192608594894,
0.39767682552337646,
-0.2946208417415619,
-0.5031068325042725,
0.37250006198883057,
-0.11814115941524506,
0.04982379078865051,
0.9120051860809326,
0.31049221754074097,
0.04713038355112076,
-0.5270087122917175,
1.2297072410583496,
-0.623587429523468,
-0.6206373572349548,
0.5317350029945374,
0.5834040641784668,
-0.49004578590393066,
-0.29299989342689514,
0.045948561280965805,
0.04154149815440178,
0.09147851169109344,
-0.3543422520160675,
0.5606679320335388,
0.2597492039203644,
-0.16857801377773285,
-0.10817018151283264,
0.20584197342395782,
0.5445630550384521,
0.6023802161216736,
1.2319828271865845,
-0.13285866379737854,
-0.15791435539722443,
0.5343350768089294,
-0.030381618067622185,
0.6106431484222412,
0.3258529007434845,
-0.1640429049730301,
-0.4963645339012146,
0.036658428609371185,
0.20355410873889923,
0.37710732221603394,
-0.5078394412994385,
-0.027644077315926552,
0.14489001035690308,
-0.2253810316324234,
0.19579948484897614,
1.0231934785842896,
1.228425145149231,
-0.8038715124130249,
0.21991050243377686,
0.4019033908843994,
-0.3838516175746918,
-0.32443755865097046,
-0.4137078821659088,
-0.04127458482980728,
-0.618594229221344,
-0.13244134187698364,
-0.18222706019878387,
0.12475989758968353,
0.6714365482330322,
0.5114859938621521,
0.445156991481781,
-0.6619503498077393,
-0.12077267467975616,
0.49183958768844604,
-0.012018080800771713,
-0.8341137766838074,
-0.45054832100868225,
-0.207824245095253,
-0.7025377750396729,
0.886165976524353,
-0.0844893828034401,
-0.006530409678816795,
-0.5821462869644165,
-0.7217768430709839,
-0.45644909143447876,
-0.1857336461544037,
-0.520244836807251,
-0.2657053470611572,
0.0609314851462841,
-0.5472762584686279,
-0.06924771517515182,
0.466708242893219,
0.9081858992576599,
0.011737829074263573,
-1.2086683511734009,
-0.23455223441123962,
0.1754508763551712,
0.4235929250717163,
0.2842525839805603,
-0.011380160227417946,
-0.33027467131614685,
-0.8293749094009399,
0.18825143575668335,
-0.4468456208705902,
0.26943445205688477,
-0.0592510811984539,
0.18513593077659607,
-0.11171656847000122,
0.4950457215309143,
0.5284265875816345,
-0.24807730317115784,
-0.8254451155662537,
0.04902748018503189,
-0.07312848418951035,
0.7924991250038147,
-0.5435053706169128,
-0.06368447095155716,
-0.3331719934940338,
-0.05439341813325882,
-4.004388332366943,
0.06473415344953537,
-0.401246577501297,
-0.10496353358030319,
-0.18583416938781738,
0.2837010622024536,
0.4513631761074066,
-0.67951899766922,
0.12326144427061081,
0.09950250387191772,
0.21375936269760132,
-0.4122123718261719,
0.7570898532867432,
1.5791937112808228,
0.5882372856140137,
0.1618245393037796,
0.15834718942642212,
-0.13951490819454193,
-0.09677466750144958,
0.0068002548068761826,
-0.2908071279525757,
0.02005491778254509,
-0.6612598896026611,
-0.10445234924554825,
0.2563123404979706,
0.7577448487281799,
0.12358710914850235,
-0.266995370388031,
-0.2684248685836792,
-0.8073869347572327,
0.1420201063156128,
-0.07975777238607407,
0.13566915690898895,
-0.25068846344947815,
-0.5736083388328552,
0.36872783303260803,
0.44092559814453125,
0.8089540004730225,
0.2351386398077011,
-0.614669144153595,
0.16379444301128387,
1.2448625564575195,
0.23123642802238464,
-0.3095490336418152,
0.4181522727012634,
-0.020988712087273598,
-0.9776965975761414,
-0.08784646540880203,
-0.8203394412994385,
1.1771883964538574,
0.2528989613056183,
-0.41570183634757996,
0.9193753600120544,
-0.13856466114521027,
-0.15334121882915497,
-0.5375884175300598,
0.37699094414711,
-0.7048841714859009,
0.0185163002461195,
0.6361382603645325,
0.08033577352762222,
0.2344265580177307,
-0.5567096471786499,
-1.1371872425079346,
-0.015838095918297768,
0.15734107792377472,
0.4514046609401703,
0.5533044934272766,
0.8849908113479614,
0.04241098463535309,
0.04342232272028923,
0.010184668935835361,
-0.857639729976654,
-0.999161422252655,
-0.8793875575065613,
-0.9015843868255615,
-0.6197411417961121,
-0.3179624378681183,
-0.37638577818870544,
-0.31769993901252747,
-0.7303376197814941,
-0.18269485235214233,
-0.3565526008605957,
0.6115036010742188,
0.13943511247634888,
-0.8701938390731812,
-0.046946894377470016,
-0.20076848566532135,
-0.23422130942344666,
-0.867507815361023,
0.20510083436965942,
0.1665612757205963,
0.1546316146850586,
0.3334428668022156,
-0.20722201466560364,
0.9008809328079224,
-0.09126386791467667,
-0.2592226564884186,
0.10387531667947769,
-0.8531457781791687,
1.2890137434005737,
-0.2913939356803894,
0.46713191270828247,
-0.005122025031596422,
-0.6527756452560425,
-0.05071976035833359,
0.27376556396484375,
0.32726138830184937,
-0.5002374649047852,
-0.001380065456032753,
-0.3947310149669647,
0.158649742603302,
-0.2194671928882599,
-0.7507218718528748,
1.1648387908935547,
-0.29114145040512085,
-0.43823713064193726,
1.3228129148483276,
-0.10793258994817734,
-0.01730339042842388,
0.4873006045818329,
0.3825310170650482,
0.6254231929779053,
0.21316617727279663,
-0.3498360514640808,
-0.35954082012176514,
0.044292714446783066,
0.06381835788488388,
0.0773262083530426,
0.38368645310401917,
0.3115094006061554,
0.22173631191253662,
-0.5712581872940063,
-0.6615248918533325,
-0.0915502980351448,
-0.38545680046081543,
-0.7669717669487,
0.19805634021759033,
-0.02820737287402153,
0.371633380651474,
0.7515279650688171,
-0.37846076488494873,
-0.14727425575256348,
0.5229796171188354,
-1.0642213821411133,
0.40940579771995544,
-0.12307745218276978,
0.32871153950691223,
-1.1067954301834106,
-0.02944062650203705,
-1.5708646774291992,
-1.0447919368743896,
0.23006920516490936,
-1.3875664472579956,
0.42570123076438904,
-0.407417356967926,
0.18191801011562347,
0.3886609375476837,
0.007263568229973316,
-0.24220027029514313,
-0.10556595772504807,
-0.6324796676635742,
-0.7679294943809509,
0.5960695147514343,
0.3048557639122009,
-0.2721292972564697,
-0.7614203095436096,
-0.23573610186576843,
-1.0400997400283813,
0.5482066869735718,
-0.5000767707824707,
-1.4265037775039673,
-0.5135757923126221,
-0.5189257264137268,
-0.051517553627491,
-0.6710826754570007,
0.11277472972869873,
0.08133973181247711,
-1.057557463645935,
-0.30916309356689453,
0.06886574625968933,
0.6002899408340454,
-0.35928285121917725,
0.734775722026825,
0.9266378283500671,
-0.638602614402771,
-0.2953956723213196,
-0.10474719852209091,
-0.43818920850753784,
-0.5329985022544861,
0.6707546710968018,
0.12121507525444031,
0.3159253001213074,
-0.3575243055820465,
0.30719009041786194,
-1.1113718748092651,
0.2195524126291275,
-0.8242233991622925,
-0.13210360705852509,
-0.7433820366859436,
0.29200923442840576,
0.36485907435417175,
0.2211868315935135,
1.3167510032653809,
0.06547737121582031,
-0.6526850461959839,
0.6363602876663208,
0.9477953314781189,
-0.6080041527748108,
0.5315976142883301,
-1.0070087909698486,
-0.597237229347229,
0.188139870762825,
0.2057621031999588,
-0.40526267886161804,
0.275578111410141,
0.5104342103004456,
-0.24948573112487793,
-0.7077683806419373,
-0.1312502920627594,
-0.8580803275108337,
-0.6519756317138672,
0.038269758224487305,
-0.5793703198432922,
-0.5063093900680542,
0.06346381455659866,
-0.4384739398956299,
-0.8008211851119995,
1.167608380317688,
-0.9890496730804443,
0.6167970895767212,
0.00760288443416357,
0.6984856128692627,
-0.5624714493751526,
-0.4178292155265808,
0.3572065532207489,
0.010321077890694141,
0.3694872558116913,
0.3605864942073822,
0.6404293179512024,
0.6581493020057678,
0.8059844374656677,
-0.10269838571548462,
-0.04407932981848717,
-0.35519829392433167,
0.06414666771888733,
0.7701183557510376,
0.06488386541604996,
-0.975919246673584,
0.3445233106613159,
0.09762656688690186,
-0.24513061344623566,
-0.24605247378349304,
0.4377451539039612,
1.4582372903823853,
0.16022716462612152,
0.19914041459560394,
1.0843400955200195,
0.27838656306266785,
0.5578800439834595,
0.1618543267250061,
-0.22754624485969543,
-0.13992853462696075,
0.09391241520643234,
0.3096790313720703,
0.37915346026420593,
0.10550486296415329,
-0.3659776747226715,
1.114657998085022,
-0.027841858565807343,
-0.7547645568847656,
-0.19707851111888885,
1.20107901096344,
-0.3948412239551544,
-0.2042510211467743,
0.3150160610675812,
0.057214319705963135,
-0.30222001671791077,
0.1611071079969406,
-0.45876815915107727,
0.5116680264472961,
0.5923343896865845,
-0.2065981775522232,
-0.008918551728129387,
-0.17567604780197144,
-0.3814600110054016,
-0.033658210188150406,
-0.14921529591083527,
-0.47178971767425537,
0.23708483576774597,
-0.2502679228782654,
-0.5635817050933838,
0.33104750514030457,
0.23901119828224182,
0.3644578456878662,
0.33296388387680054,
-0.48163264989852905,
0.22840029001235962,
-0.36441564559936523,
-0.051758334040641785,
-1.0320754051208496,
-0.10602270811796188,
-0.4889521598815918,
0.002007590141147375,
0.3966405987739563,
0.6846086382865906,
-0.2845168709754944,
-0.11471080034971237,
-0.7058345079421997,
0.23750637471675873,
-0.017641954123973846,
-0.19869090616703033,
-0.41037654876708984,
1.3882253170013428,
-0.5278280377388,
0.423174649477005,
0.5373347401618958,
-0.5566090941429138,
0.04197714850306511,
0.6124765276908875,
0.221345916390419,
0.7585044503211975,
0.04735265672206879,
0.44120553135871887,
0.2511833608150482,
1.0668410062789917,
0.5636661052703857,
0.28676822781562805,
0.19644644856452942,
-0.4023919999599457,
0.02267591655254364,
-0.14634494483470917,
-0.44126397371292114,
0.7014358639717102,
-1.0468298196792603,
0.14693723618984222,
0.372117280960083,
-0.30758166313171387,
-0.21553808450698853,
0.4478033781051636,
-0.22334188222885132,
1.1577341556549072,
-0.3579513132572174,
0.1063196137547493,
0.26698505878448486,
-0.2358400821685791,
0.44564905762672424,
-0.2883235514163971,
-0.24141769111156464,
-0.343504399061203,
-0.13414619863033295,
-0.29774755239486694,
0.29301396012306213,
-0.3230777084827423,
-0.5229594707489014,
0.07459770143032074,
-0.46800321340560913,
-0.23138538002967834,
-0.11998258531093597,
-0.14920984208583832,
-0.10959451645612717,
-0.6695107817649841,
-0.3368326723575592,
0.8500484228134155,
-0.03841530904173851,
-1.0784735679626465,
-0.007119937799870968,
-0.24949213862419128,
0.10578864067792892,
1.183512568473816,
-0.47461187839508057,
-0.420728862285614,
0.20786739885807037,
-0.4597797691822052,
0.12441319972276688,
0.21472980082035065,
-0.022319545969367027,
0.3789835572242737,
-0.33950480818748474,
0.673913300037384,
0.3289452791213989,
0.7707290649414062,
0.370327353477478,
-0.6496500968933105,
0.11989311873912811,
-0.09582412242889404,
-0.3944217562675476,
0.03890204057097435,
0.11224468052387238,
0.022581104189157486,
0.49874773621559143,
0.007487264461815357,
-0.264310747385025,
0.6891807913780212,
-0.9061088562011719,
-0.08361254632472992,
-0.01608613133430481,
0.33925366401672363,
0.8091773986816406,
-0.6884663701057434,
0.0474141500890255,
0.25594115257263184,
-0.0742691159248352,
0.251851350069046,
0.026016686111688614,
0.6935365200042725,
-0.4676457345485687,
0.30314356088638306,
0.35074108839035034,
0.33059021830558777,
0.2001195102930069,
0.7095150947570801,
-0.07337936013936996,
0.6591469645500183,
-0.8143188953399658,
0.24947740137577057,
0.3716605603694916,
-0.9734863638877869,
0.0879063755273819,
0.901787281036377,
0.08348404616117477,
-0.37615150213241577,
0.2881723642349243,
0.7861130237579346,
-0.2696214020252228,
-0.257432758808136,
-0.22973790764808655,
0.135660782456398,
0.3125874698162079,
-0.246107280254364,
0.198017418384552,
-0.817435085773468,
-0.15532106161117554,
-0.21650831401348114,
0.3112274408340454,
0.11294255405664444,
-0.3255026936531067,
0.44941064715385437,
0.7327255010604858,
-0.09960769861936569,
-0.3441055417060852,
-0.2835559844970703,
-0.3214817941188812,
0.15649084746837616,
-1.675856351852417,
0.5994606018066406,
-1.3674100637435913,
-0.5731583833694458,
-0.47177854180336,
-0.260725736618042,
-0.35536107420921326,
-0.9906547665596008,
0.79121333360672,
-0.2357279360294342,
-0.025973644107580185,
0.6453650593757629,
0.5560570955276489,
-0.3786718547344208,
0.128579244017601,
0.05098850280046463
]
|
128311 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nykvarn%20Municipality | Nykvarn Municipality | Nykvarn Municipality (Nykvarns kommun) is a municipality in Stockholm County in east central Sweden. Its seat is located in the town of Nykvarn.
Nykvarn is a young municipality, and is the result of the splitting of SΓΆdertΓ€lje Municipality in 1999. Nykvarn can be regarded as a totally new municipality, because there was never before an entity with that territory or that name.
The municipality has a significant population increase in the summer thanks to tourism.
Nykvarn is located between the two cities SΓΆdertΓ€lje and StrΓ€ngnΓ€s, and many citizens of Nykvarn work in either.
Archeological finds show the area to have been inhabited for about 5,000 years, similar to its neighbouring municipalities around Lake MΓ€laren.
Besides graves from the Stone Age, there is also an interesting runestone that can be visited that is listed in the Rundata catalog as SΓΆ 338. It currently resides in the Turinge church, a church that has a history dating back to around the year 1100. This runestone has a very long inscription.
A newer sight is the Taxinge-NΓ€sby Castle, which was begun sometime in or before the 14th century, by Bo Jonsson Grip. The castle has its current facade in the empire style from 1813. Many celebrities have during the centuries visited or stayed at the castle, including Carl Michael Bellman in the 18th century and August Strindberg in the 19th century.
Demography
Population development
Residents with a foreign background
On the 31st of December 2017 the number of people with a foreign background (persons born outside of Sweden or with two parents born outside of Sweden) was 1Β 821, or 17.08% of the population (10Β 660 on the 31st of December 2017). On the 31st of December 2002 the number of residents with a foreign background was (per the same definition) 1Β 243, or 15.15% of the population (8Β 204 on the 31st of December 2002). On 31 December 2017 there were 10Β 660 residents in Nykvarn, of which 1Β 290 people (12.10%) were born in a country other than Sweden. Divided by country in the table below - the Nordic countries as well as the 12 most common countries of birth outside of Sweden for Swedish residents have been included, with other countries of birth bundled together by continent by Statistics Sweden.
Elections
Riksdag
These are the results of the Riksdag elections of Nykvarn Municipality since the founding of the modern municipality from the 1998 election. The results of the Sweden Democrats were not published by SCB between 1988 and 1998 at a municipal level to the party's small nationwide size at the time. "Votes" denotes valid votes, whereas "Turnout" denotes also blank and invalid votes.
Blocs
This lists the relative strength of the socialist and centre-right blocs since 1973, but parties not elected to the Riksdag are inserted as "other", including the Sweden Democrats results from 1988 to 2006, but also the Christian Democrats pre-1991 and the Greens in 1982, 1985 and 1991. The sources are identical to the table above. The coalition or government mandate marked in bold formed the government after the election. New Democracy got elected in 1991 but are still listed as "other" due to the short lifespan of the party. "Elected" is the total number of percentage points from the municipality that went to parties who were elected to the Riksdag.
References
External links
Nykvarn Municipality - Official site
Municipalities of Stockholm County
1999 establishments in Sweden
States and territories established in 1999 | [
0.1552453637123108,
0.2679350674152374,
0.42884373664855957,
0.2786860764026642,
-0.4820611774921417,
-0.08639821410179138,
0.9559119939804077,
-0.606257438659668,
-0.774833083152771,
-0.2904304265975952,
-0.028400087729096413,
-0.30347633361816406,
-0.1175253838300705,
0.15456275641918182,
-0.934924840927124,
0.21257661283016205,
0.6275084018707275,
1.0678753852844238,
0.021869756281375885,
-0.8589173555374146,
0.13771556317806244,
-0.0702754482626915,
0.07813303917646408,
0.7643760442733765,
-0.05417605862021446,
-0.07177421450614929,
0.31723347306251526,
0.41931265592575073,
0.6581181287765503,
-0.18090203404426575,
-0.5486606955528259,
0.9715568423271179,
-0.3776828646659851,
-0.13555143773555756,
0.5941259264945984,
-0.10272997617721558,
-0.34035012125968933,
-0.5346999168395996,
0.3865145444869995,
0.21743923425674438,
-0.666663408279419,
0.6135541200637817,
-0.6284719705581665,
0.10619527101516724,
0.5839574933052063,
-1.742513656616211,
-1.1726933717727661,
0.3655916154384613,
-1.1442567110061646,
0.6791050434112549,
-0.7678617835044861,
0.25231415033340454,
-0.060597024857997894,
0.9326896667480469,
0.11762110888957977,
-0.3913557529449463,
-0.6915414929389954,
0.6447339653968811,
-0.08778265118598938,
0.6785140633583069,
0.03795028477907181,
0.10044693946838379,
-0.2670727074146271,
-0.2662772834300995,
0.9627388715744019,
-0.46250250935554504,
0.6082981824874878,
0.32558318972587585,
0.19821473956108093,
-0.7379974126815796,
-1.0128788948059082,
0.6268269419670105,
0.2657870352268219,
-0.13271448016166687,
0.30379948019981384,
-0.7639336585998535,
0.4381413757801056,
-0.3906978666782379,
0.28629201650619507,
-0.6090136170387268,
0.14820724725723267,
-0.39091548323631287,
0.8806532025337219,
0.6711902618408203,
0.3565981388092041,
-0.2478255182504654,
-1.0987956523895264,
-0.809571385383606,
0.04273476451635361,
0.18228185176849365,
-0.07847898453474045,
0.45772820711135864,
0.19022056460380554,
-0.015652596950531006,
0.18826967477798462,
0.3211574852466583,
-0.38441723585128784,
0.3897491693496704,
0.047259993851184845,
0.7164189219474792,
-0.35822394490242004,
0.4454587399959564,
0.2697817385196686,
0.1374342143535614,
-0.1987897902727127,
-0.4035411477088928,
-0.2762029767036438,
-0.16825050115585327,
-0.2536194324493408,
-0.8937280178070068,
-0.9158618450164795,
0.4761073589324951,
-0.04329609125852585,
-0.519246518611908,
-0.010564956814050674,
0.20867124199867249,
0.06175164878368378,
0.3687024712562561,
-0.13111302256584167,
-0.24708734452724457,
-0.17681989073753357,
1.0023514032363892,
0.09957464784383774,
-0.12086329609155655,
0.12884867191314697,
-0.09918761253356934,
0.01627042517066002,
0.40136462450027466,
-0.24272653460502625,
0.20179753005504608,
0.23800237476825714,
0.882524847984314,
-1.0605218410491943,
-0.06355428695678711,
0.20756931602954865,
0.00774887390434742,
0.13178637623786926,
0.654877781867981,
0.4219183623790741,
0.3525892496109009,
-0.7998048067092896,
-0.01114355307072401,
-0.9990373253822327,
-0.22535468637943268,
0.2884812355041504,
-0.18165983259677887,
-0.10892119258642197,
-0.5203105211257935,
-0.2473665028810501,
-0.08960430324077606,
1.1693943738937378,
0.27677828073501587,
0.3649955987930298,
0.33902812004089355,
-0.13140545785427094,
-0.230556920170784,
-0.471043199300766,
-0.020618421956896782,
0.10599733144044876,
0.6072674989700317,
0.5309845209121704,
-0.4396088123321533,
0.35148170590400696,
-0.4450625777244568,
-0.11354181170463562,
-0.06841317564249039,
0.015687409788370132,
0.7052783370018005,
1.044547438621521,
-0.33210140466690063,
-0.8956393599510193,
-0.6470094323158264,
0.48611968755722046,
-0.4368375241756439,
0.7779848575592041,
-0.32199418544769287,
-0.1065501794219017,
0.3281784951686859,
0.10869152098894119,
-0.1127760037779808,
-1.0138128995895386,
0.2598118185997009,
-0.048387426882982254,
-0.30791157484054565,
-0.1618865728378296,
0.9659536480903625,
0.07949409633874893,
0.19417168200016022,
-0.23296590149402618,
0.08200301975011826,
-0.25163695216178894,
-0.1458323746919632,
0.7891532778739929,
0.741348385810852,
0.9855378866195679,
0.01903919130563736,
0.05295386165380478,
-0.5018272399902344,
-0.1443168669939041,
0.18341192603111267,
0.04697486013174057,
-0.4157966375350952,
0.5575426816940308,
-0.2734196186065674,
-0.09810124337673187,
1.2406073808670044,
0.03813674673438072,
-0.07155638188123703,
-0.7230714559555054,
1.1160999536514282,
-0.43781498074531555,
-0.6927398443222046,
0.7316446900367737,
0.5241420865058899,
-0.2091819792985916,
-0.3122367262840271,
-0.24650320410728455,
0.3191232979297638,
0.06962112337350845,
-0.2940565049648285,
0.4264505207538605,
0.2221214473247528,
0.07460189610719681,
-0.2911381125450134,
0.10736420750617981,
0.6139387488365173,
0.18846456706523895,
1.0663210153579712,
-0.17195773124694824,
-0.6180731058120728,
0.5306476354598999,
-0.08278407156467438,
0.3434027135372162,
0.268758624792099,
-0.20591722428798676,
-0.6524705290794373,
0.10992743819952011,
0.4844459891319275,
0.17337708175182343,
-0.4641881585121155,
0.16556546092033386,
0.05680452659726143,
-0.2567194104194641,
-0.01180214248597622,
0.8410334587097168,
1.4774616956710815,
-0.6334990859031677,
-0.24105967581272125,
0.28418558835983276,
-0.8831979632377625,
-0.10732235014438629,
-0.23832498490810394,
0.04809954762458801,
-0.6106178760528564,
-0.31394830346107483,
-0.20627464354038239,
0.1462671458721161,
0.48932403326034546,
0.6006131768226624,
0.4960533082485199,
-0.5844058394432068,
0.041719503700733185,
0.46641579270362854,
-0.14218248426914215,
-0.895249605178833,
-0.619121789932251,
-0.032826945185661316,
-0.8492756485939026,
0.9568122029304504,
-0.22273750603199005,
-0.12973573803901672,
-0.5674093961715698,
-0.5754647254943848,
-1.1551868915557861,
-0.04213950037956238,
-0.37923353910446167,
-0.28026652336120605,
-0.009633873589336872,
-0.630803644657135,
-0.13388070464134216,
0.4374247193336487,
0.6241976618766785,
-0.28561288118362427,
-1.0545806884765625,
0.1288403570652008,
0.23506207764148712,
0.12410061806440353,
0.3954505920410156,
0.42894038558006287,
-0.5357532501220703,
-0.6575655937194824,
0.3869117796421051,
-0.365657776594162,
0.10214534401893616,
0.2867673337459564,
0.0238775834441185,
-0.45500338077545166,
0.48242682218551636,
0.3698059320449829,
-0.1928069144487381,
-0.7218947410583496,
0.7221342325210571,
-0.1952369064092636,
0.5818812847137451,
-0.4957714080810547,
-0.45216089487075806,
-0.07022363692522049,
-0.18047474324703217,
-3.8820748329162598,
0.1286614090204239,
-0.4767892360687256,
0.13142673671245575,
-0.23271803557872772,
0.38117969036102295,
0.3448733985424042,
-0.34538570046424866,
-0.028999412432312965,
0.029988978058099747,
0.017532693222165108,
-0.6461679935455322,
0.6640499830245972,
1.3928855657577515,
0.44642990827560425,
0.4774782657623291,
0.1290331929922104,
-0.24751979112625122,
-0.21252678334712982,
0.11327268928289413,
-0.08546233922243118,
0.18700577318668365,
-0.8193046450614929,
0.12324149906635284,
0.17422714829444885,
0.13172923028469086,
0.46492522954940796,
-0.2822258770465851,
-0.752681314945221,
-0.6668171286582947,
0.19039130210876465,
-0.2370160073041916,
0.06302361935377121,
-0.05276769772171974,
-0.6684952974319458,
0.20262722671031952,
0.7309505343437195,
0.7690677642822266,
0.1840633600950241,
-0.7083423733711243,
0.06005016714334488,
1.373289704322815,
0.26857584714889526,
-0.31317898631095886,
0.5500005483627319,
0.19321449100971222,
-1.2214010953903198,
-0.10266949981451035,
-0.8088483810424805,
1.0037269592285156,
0.49086737632751465,
-0.4501178562641144,
1.0019629001617432,
0.08683421462774277,
-0.2905274033546448,
-0.500566303730011,
0.4674704074859619,
-0.5413455963134766,
0.05977339670062065,
0.6997527480125427,
0.3373878300189972,
0.491861492395401,
-0.2361098676919937,
-0.9270861148834229,
-0.19881542026996613,
-0.07159946858882904,
0.590755820274353,
0.739782989025116,
0.6104613542556763,
0.09526509046554565,
0.1596679985523224,
0.046732719987630844,
-0.4982394278049469,
-0.66408771276474,
-0.817675769329071,
-0.8563523292541504,
-0.32319608330726624,
-0.15176208317279816,
-0.48411765694618225,
0.03939799219369888,
-0.3552875816822052,
-0.3004416227340698,
-0.05071312189102173,
0.7420002818107605,
-0.2737483084201813,
-0.7091405391693115,
-0.14197176694869995,
0.18832597136497498,
0.021210648119449615,
-0.7033736705780029,
0.1759924739599228,
0.15949057042598724,
0.32532915472984314,
0.34052518010139465,
-0.3670826256275177,
0.5606033205986023,
0.0907789096236229,
-0.5013794898986816,
0.06570856273174286,
-0.7194984555244446,
1.1511708498001099,
-0.18995767831802368,
0.5522521138191223,
-0.18403957784175873,
-0.7719125747680664,
-0.24890641868114471,
0.6482352614402771,
0.41044095158576965,
-0.2660342752933502,
0.208648681640625,
-0.24593901634216309,
0.07598179578781128,
-0.49063146114349365,
-1.1349035501480103,
1.2080708742141724,
-0.4655710756778717,
-0.18575535714626312,
1.1853835582733154,
-0.05558500438928604,
0.2760937213897705,
0.05866510793566704,
0.5002959966659546,
0.46286752820014954,
0.015804484486579895,
-0.2609514892101288,
-0.5155826210975647,
0.09493664652109146,
0.22478923201560974,
-0.05893399193882942,
0.19860602915287018,
0.048018649220466614,
0.06044522672891617,
-0.4372653365135193,
-0.7099697589874268,
-0.3387099802494049,
-0.21780170500278473,
-0.32185137271881104,
0.38940444588661194,
0.08491480350494385,
0.30022868514060974,
1.044013261795044,
-0.4010096490383148,
-0.1151554062962532,
0.6434003114700317,
-0.7064030766487122,
0.4441775381565094,
-0.135088711977005,
0.49459391832351685,
-1.3148435354232788,
-0.12789849936962128,
-1.5644450187683105,
-0.9372167587280273,
0.5924689769744873,
-1.0254164934158325,
0.5527241230010986,
-0.32296738028526306,
0.4850923717021942,
0.4903421998023987,
0.18631528317928314,
-0.3057573139667511,
-0.21481148898601532,
-0.7772083282470703,
-0.9860573410987854,
0.5555977821350098,
0.25995442271232605,
0.1464373767375946,
-0.9533159136772156,
-0.1806585192680359,
-0.2739344835281372,
0.8648209571838379,
-0.33849889039993286,
-1.1424808502197266,
-1.0699036121368408,
-0.6039933562278748,
-0.08336471766233444,
-0.5634732842445374,
0.22755126655101776,
0.09641639143228531,
-0.8825337290763855,
-0.31282681226730347,
0.1665395200252533,
0.20289765298366547,
-0.20814675092697144,
0.4830424189567566,
0.722180187702179,
-0.3777020275592804,
-0.39701080322265625,
0.22302116453647614,
-0.7451857924461365,
-0.6495776772499084,
0.575768768787384,
0.07562333345413208,
0.2378985732793808,
-0.0699392557144165,
0.3367806375026703,
-1.2966952323913574,
0.18254463374614716,
-0.6272376775741577,
-0.47962480783462524,
-0.35663241147994995,
0.5841503143310547,
0.5433946251869202,
0.5284740924835205,
1.5840297937393188,
0.2088429182767868,
-0.5883088111877441,
0.4701158106327057,
0.9221819043159485,
-0.24679920077323914,
0.5894699692726135,
-1.0180792808532715,
-0.3784322738647461,
-0.06857017427682877,
0.11207419633865356,
-0.3790377378463745,
0.07931463420391083,
0.4833832383155823,
-0.19685037434101105,
-0.8747197985649109,
-0.16906064748764038,
-0.7636376619338989,
-0.22707289457321167,
-0.2899848520755768,
-0.6124334931373596,
-0.4817025065422058,
0.1789444088935852,
-0.3202650845050812,
-0.26339733600616455,
1.2772618532180786,
-0.6145284175872803,
0.2580847442150116,
-0.1552867442369461,
0.5905200242996216,
-0.33337709307670593,
-0.30933481454849243,
0.22533343732357025,
-0.12246295809745789,
0.6248002648353577,
0.380952924489975,
0.32144060730934143,
0.3034624457359314,
0.5850919485092163,
-0.40133950114250183,
0.08866798132658005,
-0.21888203918933868,
-0.13608454167842865,
0.8326452374458313,
0.10677524656057358,
-0.8359882831573486,
0.3348030149936676,
-0.30811095237731934,
-0.6751118302345276,
-0.041553206741809845,
0.7170338034629822,
1.402603030204773,
0.35737335681915283,
-0.04543690010905266,
1.0609638690948486,
0.5778768062591553,
0.2986796796321869,
0.5447885990142822,
-0.17920450866222382,
-0.4147717356681824,
0.29939860105514526,
0.2621845304965973,
0.7307597994804382,
0.2197568714618683,
-0.09755664318799973,
1.0166473388671875,
-0.07156894356012344,
-0.4510289132595062,
-0.17155446112155914,
0.793748676776886,
0.08060041069984436,
-0.12232115864753723,
0.3017927408218384,
-0.3104715347290039,
-0.5268287658691406,
0.3177657425403595,
-0.5397366881370544,
0.5660028457641602,
0.33679890632629395,
-0.11192694306373596,
0.40203437209129333,
-0.15908566117286682,
-0.061259716749191284,
-0.15406672656536102,
-0.3372592329978943,
-0.6561645865440369,
0.5688830614089966,
-0.1648414582014084,
-0.09813588112592697,
0.34855327010154724,
0.5833160281181335,
0.323961079120636,
0.2607376277446747,
-0.24411727488040924,
0.4749179184436798,
-0.3437298834323883,
0.04058077931404114,
-0.8506453633308411,
-0.046157922595739365,
-0.41191375255584717,
-0.2685506045818329,
0.42894458770751953,
0.3175469934940338,
-0.3180758059024811,
0.22170092165470123,
-0.7268595695495605,
0.3257213532924652,
0.058645907789468765,
-0.5193313360214233,
-0.0657976046204567,
0.8462927937507629,
-0.7460947036743164,
0.18787838518619537,
0.5408630967140198,
-0.47130122780799866,
0.0017728208331391215,
0.23294194042682648,
0.5157108902931213,
1.0082716941833496,
-0.015378450974822044,
0.3689045310020447,
0.22997921705245972,
0.9923352599143982,
0.6941321492195129,
0.18945547938346863,
0.2980010211467743,
-0.8383631110191345,
-0.39829739928245544,
0.044572554528713226,
-0.7736085057258606,
1.2082339525222778,
-0.7804964184761047,
0.11474951356649399,
0.10661077499389648,
-0.5102599263191223,
-0.3404533565044403,
0.30002492666244507,
0.07912011444568634,
1.17154860496521,
0.05268930643796921,
0.3873859941959381,
0.3190550208091736,
-0.38566628098487854,
0.5079624652862549,
-0.16432836651802063,
-0.09499353915452957,
-0.5354388356208801,
0.10644391179084778,
-0.0014384202659130096,
-0.006141371093690395,
-0.8635796308517456,
-0.4644831418991089,
-0.15594084560871124,
-0.2098374366760254,
-0.3483193814754486,
-0.43345877528190613,
-0.6570366024971008,
-0.2208465039730072,
-0.7982481122016907,
0.017041373997926712,
0.31016305088996887,
-0.6430714726448059,
-0.8616101145744324,
0.2588212490081787,
0.05353736877441406,
-0.01876741461455822,
0.9766968488693237,
-0.2241203635931015,
-0.37714383006095886,
0.04727020114660263,
-0.670477569103241,
-0.004021919332444668,
0.0842110887169838,
-0.2395888715982437,
0.5199041962623596,
-0.4475075602531433,
1.1160938739776611,
0.5033320188522339,
0.6990322470664978,
-0.04003331437706947,
-0.46068456768989563,
-0.08992420136928558,
-0.37239164113998413,
-0.23449327051639557,
0.22791823744773865,
0.1814747452735901,
0.34982824325561523,
0.7846641540527344,
-0.20836764574050903,
0.12884099781513214,
0.9843983054161072,
-0.9240532517433167,
-0.04894176125526428,
-0.4140802323818207,
0.46416032314300537,
0.5492256879806519,
-0.5605518221855164,
0.13976942002773285,
0.1427367627620697,
-0.2652207314968109,
0.2709570825099945,
0.18328498303890228,
0.49147188663482666,
-0.2232961505651474,
0.08936530351638794,
0.185768723487854,
0.530377209186554,
0.5504212379455566,
0.5327289700508118,
-0.33935263752937317,
0.32439178228378296,
-0.7305917143821716,
0.3054563105106354,
0.5126011371612549,
-0.5641918778419495,
-0.1862276941537857,
0.6452755331993103,
0.07936294376850128,
-0.1813780963420868,
0.4984700083732605,
0.535494327545166,
-0.26782742142677307,
0.008486200124025345,
-0.05095330625772476,
-0.17490611970424652,
0.5758309364318848,
-0.36055466532707214,
-0.2574290335178375,
-0.7882877588272095,
-0.11786258965730667,
-0.08137353509664536,
0.07168518006801605,
0.31809404492378235,
0.27803924679756165,
0.5238031148910522,
0.47443506121635437,
-0.10653016716241837,
-0.5929698348045349,
-0.4641943573951721,
-0.19170942902565002,
0.057984381914138794,
-2.9259231090545654,
0.7945956587791443,
-1.042663812637329,
-0.7743421792984009,
-0.44113707542419434,
-0.2340949922800064,
-0.39191675186157227,
-1.0471765995025635,
0.6811268925666809,
-0.6337094306945801,
-0.31223300099372864,
0.8057388067245483,
0.12728890776634216,
-0.5144301056861877,
0.08679599314928055,
-0.024256521835923195
]
|
128312 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyn%C3%A4shamn%20Municipality | NynΓ€shamn Municipality | NynΓ€shamn Municipality (NynΓ€shamns kommun) is a municipality in Stockholm County in east central Sweden. Its seat is located in the city of NynΓ€shamn.
In 1974 the former City of NynΓ€shamn (itself instituted in 1946) was merged with Γsmo, from which it had been detached as a market town (kΓΆping) in 1911 and Sorunda, all in the SΓΆdertΓΆrn peninsula and adjacent islands.
Demography
Population development
Residents with a foreign background
On the 31st of December 2017 the number of people with a foreign background (persons born outside of Sweden or with two parents born outside of Sweden) was 6Β 082, or 21.64% of the population (28Β 109 on the 31st of December 2017). On the 31st of December 2002 the number of residents with a foreign background was (per the same definition) 3Β 178, or 12.96% of the population (24Β 528 on the 31st of December 2002). On 31 December 2017 there were 28Β 109 residents in NynΓ€shamn, of which 4Β 849 people (17.25%) were born in a country other than Sweden. Divided by country in the table below - the Nordic countries as well as the 12 most common countries of birth outside of Sweden for Swedish residents have been included, with other countries of birth bundled together by continent by Statistics Sweden.
Localities
GrΓΆdby
NynΓ€shamn (seat)
Stora Vika
Sorunda
Γsmo
Public transportation
As all municipalities in Stockholm County NynΓ€shamn is served by the public transport system operated by SL. There are a number of stations of Stockholm commuter rail as well as a bus network in the municipality.
There are car- and passenger ferries to the Swedish island Gotland and to Poland and Latvia.
There are over 1,800 islands and islets in the municipality. The Draget Canal allows boats to traverse the municipality from west to east without needing to pass offshore of the Landsort peninsular. NynΓ€shamn boasts sandy beaches, areas suitable for long walks, for riding horses and for bicycling, all popular activities. The municipality may have one of the most varying natures in the county, as it allows both activities related to the Stockholm archipelago, such as boat tours, as well as boggy grounds, agricultural areas, urban areas and even forests with elk and deer.
Its history is traced several thousands of years back. About 50 historical remains are considered notable enough to be marked on maps and attract visitors. They include both grave fields from the Iron Age, runestones from the Viking Age as well as newer curiosities such as 18th century farms and cottages.
Notable residents
Birthplace of retired NHL hockey player Kent Nilsson.
References
External links
NynΓ€shamn Municipality - Official site
Various images from NynΓ€shamn and surrounding areas
Municipalities of Stockholm County | [
-0.10982222855091095,
0.26656752824783325,
0.3049945831298828,
0.5100455284118652,
-0.4467586874961853,
-0.17348593473434448,
0.9653691053390503,
-0.46902894973754883,
-0.7988120913505554,
-0.2503606975078583,
-0.135141521692276,
-0.2183138132095337,
-0.22592175006866455,
-0.001934112049639225,
-0.8399888873100281,
0.06674030423164368,
0.36060914397239685,
0.9262720942497253,
-0.15652158856391907,
-0.6030136942863464,
-0.053857311606407166,
-0.07255420833826065,
0.23987628519535065,
0.757076621055603,
0.02401929721236229,
-0.06961863487958908,
0.32938411831855774,
0.6094237565994263,
0.5610273480415344,
-0.06238080561161041,
-0.676332414150238,
1.0303263664245605,
-0.17280882596969604,
-0.22241979837417603,
0.4816010594367981,
-0.0542709082365036,
-0.3473283648490906,
-0.4664158821105957,
0.2810359597206116,
0.12835466861724854,
-0.6460649967193604,
0.4825972616672516,
-0.7060248255729675,
-0.013670840300619602,
0.6743309497833252,
-1.5105910301208496,
-0.9040258526802063,
0.25228217244148254,
-1.3576279878616333,
0.7687256336212158,
-1.0287635326385498,
0.3156972825527191,
-0.16737860441207886,
1.1215630769729614,
0.11810358613729477,
-0.5301318764686584,
-0.7422731518745422,
0.5685411691665649,
-0.2572987973690033,
0.7807583212852478,
0.07903052121400833,
0.08022792637348175,
-0.3072870373725891,
-0.31713706254959106,
0.8533831834793091,
-0.34151628613471985,
0.6074222326278687,
0.19252629578113556,
0.2064521461725235,
-0.6757285594940186,
-0.6844577193260193,
0.6467841267585754,
0.08695043623447418,
0.068874292075634,
0.43659302592277527,
-0.752013623714447,
0.7284470200538635,
-0.39884859323501587,
0.2743096351623535,
-0.5559446215629578,
0.09737810492515564,
-0.4876667559146881,
0.8738949298858643,
0.770638108253479,
0.22248445451259613,
-0.0847662091255188,
-0.9853131175041199,
-0.8543208837509155,
0.172370046377182,
0.23245687782764435,
0.04651949927210808,
0.5729363560676575,
0.3015628755092621,
-0.09380491077899933,
0.2271018922328949,
0.2574097812175751,
-0.49520033597946167,
0.5115161538124084,
0.1134227067232132,
0.708095371723175,
-0.36569899320602417,
0.3384864628314972,
0.373089462518692,
0.15958623588085175,
-0.05862584337592125,
-0.4674781560897827,
-0.2444060742855072,
-0.0975019708275795,
-0.346285879611969,
-0.4336664378643036,
-0.9095848798751831,
0.4642215073108673,
0.1578734666109085,
-0.6790779829025269,
0.021287279203534126,
0.1478092074394226,
-0.05406650900840759,
0.279502809047699,
-0.21191133558750153,
-0.20473989844322205,
-0.09145010262727737,
1.0038104057312012,
0.29366084933280945,
-0.20920969545841217,
0.1687862128019333,
-0.16335007548332214,
0.10950791090726852,
0.5484208464622498,
-0.21473844349384308,
0.25667232275009155,
0.31015753746032715,
0.7346194386482239,
-1.1998966932296753,
-0.13060925900936127,
0.17458641529083252,
-0.043962862342596054,
0.2340095341205597,
0.5290908217430115,
0.484167218208313,
0.25719907879829407,
-0.812341034412384,
-0.03778855875134468,
-0.6083889007568359,
-0.22016604244709015,
0.2728129029273987,
-0.18356437981128693,
0.05950350686907768,
-0.4803730845451355,
-0.2544257938861847,
-0.13135060667991638,
1.0754059553146362,
0.14328835904598236,
0.2929656207561493,
0.19041213393211365,
-0.07384755462408066,
-0.15459969639778137,
-0.42377710342407227,
-0.01960921287536621,
-0.1259991079568863,
0.5043493509292603,
0.5779216289520264,
-0.26036152243614197,
0.32361775636672974,
-0.4833003580570221,
0.18281666934490204,
-0.11821459233760834,
-0.06399936974048615,
0.5677765607833862,
0.8733174204826355,
-0.24040275812149048,
-0.9304159879684448,
-0.7596808671951294,
0.4814385175704956,
-0.6146060824394226,
0.8208913803100586,
-0.2308640331029892,
-0.1379118114709854,
0.3325662910938263,
0.21063831448554993,
-0.29493680596351624,
-1.009922981262207,
0.1482906937599182,
0.004075211938470602,
-0.3120761811733246,
-0.40483686327934265,
1.022634744644165,
0.0936729684472084,
0.09996795654296875,
-0.028697239235043526,
0.3087069094181061,
-0.3186640739440918,
-0.27935129404067993,
1.0251219272613525,
0.7951399683952332,
0.8048324584960938,
0.07312802970409393,
0.07550114393234253,
-0.5262868404388428,
-0.239587664604187,
0.1459455043077469,
0.1256481409072876,
-0.47586551308631897,
0.6162190437316895,
-0.2073012888431549,
-0.2982596457004547,
0.7930392026901245,
-0.14722028374671936,
0.017527781426906586,
-0.6976344585418701,
1.1021877527236938,
-0.6885137557983398,
-0.8945752382278442,
0.6454217433929443,
0.6332767605781555,
-0.17962689697742462,
-0.19727735221385956,
-0.3583211302757263,
0.3058170676231384,
0.04688652604818344,
-0.5071911811828613,
0.21075718104839325,
0.23523305356502533,
0.09294424951076508,
-0.3679847717285156,
0.13497260212898254,
0.6402888894081116,
0.32072585821151733,
1.1164778470993042,
-0.14463646709918976,
-0.5821854472160339,
0.6879894733428955,
-0.03858335688710213,
0.39019304513931274,
0.05814852938055992,
-0.20994801819324493,
-0.7162474393844604,
0.31483209133148193,
0.286724716424942,
0.23505479097366333,
-0.43524038791656494,
0.09437017887830734,
0.0514785461127758,
-0.15410643815994263,
-0.16989392042160034,
0.8409502506256104,
1.2152901887893677,
-0.6013757586479187,
-0.2625358998775482,
0.3212853968143463,
-0.7732498645782471,
-0.11741712689399719,
-0.24841398000717163,
-0.012548431754112244,
-0.5312783122062683,
-0.454334020614624,
-0.11216260492801666,
0.1383610963821411,
0.41012823581695557,
0.5523046255111694,
0.36930379271507263,
-0.531872570514679,
0.12790973484516144,
0.2626589834690094,
-0.05576705187559128,
-0.8994901180267334,
-0.7376943826675415,
0.06415414065122604,
-0.734930694103241,
0.9633491635322571,
-0.2146846354007721,
-0.06086398661136627,
-0.7552317380905151,
-0.5564549565315247,
-0.5931733846664429,
0.09123691916465759,
-0.637293815612793,
-0.34420713782310486,
0.051393475383520126,
-0.2644056975841522,
-0.28885599970817566,
0.4178754389286041,
0.7097861766815186,
-0.22227881848812103,
-1.1608935594558716,
-0.0034456911962479353,
0.17027844488620758,
0.17161136865615845,
0.5646516680717468,
0.2252717912197113,
-0.25315338373184204,
-0.5367994904518127,
0.3298708200454712,
-0.5010075569152832,
0.07287026196718216,
0.3702905476093292,
0.016507595777511597,
-0.586789071559906,
0.32163721323013306,
0.2377557009458542,
-0.14093324542045593,
-0.8835771083831787,
0.5765008330345154,
-0.20012441277503967,
0.5084302425384521,
-0.6305791735649109,
-0.294655978679657,
-0.10698158293962479,
-0.26082801818847656,
-4.124307155609131,
0.34861770272254944,
-0.6923602223396301,
0.007347262464463711,
-0.3431661128997803,
0.324648916721344,
0.4055911600589752,
-0.19427907466888428,
0.08789359033107758,
0.06111863628029823,
0.16023434698581696,
-0.6355501413345337,
0.8732933402061462,
1.3846229314804077,
0.4427018165588379,
0.5833330750465393,
0.22901755571365356,
-0.2683977484703064,
-0.3428035378456116,
-0.0500333309173584,
-0.22129662334918976,
0.1033187210559845,
-0.7098581790924072,
0.2460908740758896,
0.10663826018571854,
0.3774074614048004,
0.42421239614486694,
-0.31087154150009155,
-0.55352783203125,
-0.7919002771377563,
0.06932230293750763,
-0.33372238278388977,
0.1029570996761322,
-0.11053763329982758,
-0.6259365677833557,
0.25112205743789673,
0.26073411107063293,
0.7078579664230347,
0.01739620231091976,
-0.7032231092453003,
-0.04974372684955597,
1.1567554473876953,
0.3834090530872345,
-0.37552905082702637,
0.5721551179885864,
0.18001064658164978,
-1.1302778720855713,
0.02914765104651451,
-0.8816059231758118,
0.9926106333732605,
0.4617839753627777,
-0.5365237593650818,
0.8865177631378174,
-0.13239675760269165,
-0.38329586386680603,
-0.4969435930252075,
0.8367499113082886,
-0.6678261756896973,
-0.0069829984568059444,
0.6227242946624756,
0.37708261609077454,
0.5865839123725891,
-0.20736593008041382,
-1.1280548572540283,
-0.17171545326709747,
0.22682787477970123,
0.42639076709747314,
0.7617110013961792,
0.6530576348304749,
0.1698165237903595,
0.05732899159193039,
-0.03751641884446144,
-0.5228390097618103,
-0.7560099959373474,
-0.7269216179847717,
-0.9177024960517883,
-0.31212273240089417,
-0.21398738026618958,
-0.4106898605823517,
0.08355659991502762,
-0.4332425892353058,
-0.36256977915763855,
0.13793227076530457,
0.7835136651992798,
-0.025287490338087082,
-0.7796084880828857,
-0.2410198450088501,
0.050144556909799576,
0.04958735406398773,
-0.5324655771255493,
0.4964318871498108,
0.00909259170293808,
0.4467080533504486,
0.11328651010990143,
-0.4832913279533386,
0.6175165772438049,
-0.01712891086935997,
-0.46850135922431946,
0.16730093955993652,
-0.7735906839370728,
1.1294327974319458,
-0.07412146776914597,
0.6492494940757751,
-0.19811874628067017,
-0.6482824683189392,
-0.293529212474823,
0.869560956954956,
0.2943376898765564,
-0.32026973366737366,
0.14173001050949097,
-0.10702776908874512,
-0.05107699707150459,
-0.49650058150291443,
-0.9111391305923462,
1.153250813484192,
-0.340593159198761,
-0.1299508959054947,
1.2545557022094727,
-0.02828875370323658,
0.09401574730873108,
-0.02169414609670639,
0.4607064127922058,
0.6407788991928101,
0.17901726067066193,
-0.1526312530040741,
-0.6115612983703613,
-0.009930790401995182,
0.11258988082408905,
0.04885943979024887,
0.2704155743122101,
0.302399218082428,
0.19903884828090668,
-0.41306689381599426,
-0.7240405678749084,
-0.3216812014579773,
-0.2712947726249695,
-0.33644258975982666,
0.43750542402267456,
0.12097112834453583,
0.3252541720867157,
1.0422602891921997,
-0.29060569405555725,
0.000727467704564333,
0.7856303453445435,
-0.5034153461456299,
0.4126032888889313,
-0.024178246036171913,
0.37285763025283813,
-1.3682122230529785,
-0.12379522621631622,
-1.615464210510254,
-1.1329247951507568,
0.43037280440330505,
-1.088478446006775,
0.5364225506782532,
-0.3583696484565735,
0.4272858202457428,
0.45976319909095764,
-0.34506961703300476,
-0.2347288727760315,
-0.20906807482242584,
-0.8061010241508484,
-1.0480884313583374,
0.593518853187561,
0.021011674776673317,
0.26381760835647583,
-0.9976266026496887,
-0.06657768785953522,
-0.3120383620262146,
0.5570862889289856,
-0.416521281003952,
-1.3345566987991333,
-0.9392035007476807,
-0.46970003843307495,
-0.06846846640110016,
-0.7242416739463806,
0.2797777056694031,
0.2482599914073944,
-0.8983311057090759,
-0.10472146421670914,
0.16277216374874115,
0.10901922732591629,
-0.14359186589717865,
0.31412583589553833,
0.9392330646514893,
-0.30727866291999817,
-0.44504398107528687,
0.33744972944259644,
-0.8024384379386902,
-0.46243563294410706,
0.5191476941108704,
0.07929788529872894,
0.16720236837863922,
0.23883628845214844,
0.5273097157478333,
-1.227056860923767,
0.3067134618759155,
-0.5991212725639343,
-0.36887577176094055,
-0.4469599425792694,
0.4755673408508301,
0.47070518136024475,
0.544134259223938,
1.5618914365768433,
0.17422406375408173,
-0.3576820492744446,
0.42429786920547485,
0.9740931987762451,
-0.3239494562149048,
0.5465923547744751,
-1.1326357126235962,
-0.32798266410827637,
-0.11401475220918655,
0.35199421644210815,
-0.22197377681732178,
0.03004014492034912,
0.5105841755867004,
-0.11402033269405365,
-0.832177996635437,
-0.10137590765953064,
-0.8641757369041443,
-0.11555308103561401,
-0.39124175906181335,
-0.6167351603507996,
-0.5833877921104431,
0.43542182445526123,
-0.20181392133235931,
-0.18743115663528442,
1.2895537614822388,
-0.5770586133003235,
0.3696397840976715,
0.018561579287052155,
0.4849199950695038,
-0.09462400525808334,
-0.3835609257221222,
0.2880050837993622,
-0.16918204724788666,
0.6535989046096802,
0.2812092900276184,
0.39247065782546997,
0.5204170346260071,
0.47169405221939087,
-0.16265669465065002,
-0.017253857105970383,
-0.07494086772203445,
0.003617547918111086,
0.6975858211517334,
0.20994964241981506,
-0.7352585792541504,
0.41462209820747375,
-0.38762322068214417,
-0.45349252223968506,
0.06544563919305801,
0.7257164120674133,
1.328850507736206,
0.47627249360084534,
-0.15997633337974548,
1.0618128776550293,
0.44400954246520996,
0.3594488203525543,
0.5235808491706848,
-0.10594990104436874,
-0.3608190417289734,
0.3621808886528015,
0.26028314232826233,
0.8468858003616333,
0.3973226249217987,
-0.056050896644592285,
0.9480307102203369,
-0.13488781452178955,
-0.5931847095489502,
-0.18018896877765656,
0.8873550891876221,
0.277513325214386,
-0.2029716968536377,
0.05521883815526962,
-0.3695298433303833,
-0.543940007686615,
0.34975168108940125,
-0.6296501755714417,
0.20617809891700745,
0.35790354013442993,
-0.2030021846294403,
0.1990952491760254,
-0.07981842756271362,
-0.31121161580085754,
0.029240479692816734,
-0.43267005681991577,
-0.6936727166175842,
0.6716389060020447,
-0.03607145696878433,
-0.22773665189743042,
0.46537408232688904,
0.7618964314460754,
0.09517410397529602,
0.38890740275382996,
-0.01844707317650318,
0.4541589021682739,
-0.3246311545372009,
-0.006034941412508488,
-0.8072577118873596,
-0.006701825652271509,
-0.44469475746154785,
-0.28466305136680603,
0.31959348917007446,
0.23438704013824463,
-0.5046536326408386,
0.062004536390304565,
-0.6929436922073364,
0.2859005928039551,
0.10849808156490326,
-0.5641769170761108,
-0.15201425552368164,
1.0349844694137573,
-0.5577019453048706,
0.0750121995806694,
0.46477049589157104,
-0.40047916769981384,
-0.0032262648455798626,
0.28365907073020935,
0.4203205704689026,
1.0410029888153076,
-0.020092973485589027,
0.287087619304657,
0.5110316872596741,
1.0448918342590332,
0.6657998561859131,
0.16463959217071533,
0.28841882944107056,
-0.8778203725814819,
-0.5342113971710205,
0.12097781151533127,
-0.7143298387527466,
1.2776477336883545,
-0.9138429164886475,
0.2361026555299759,
0.19583791494369507,
-0.5124160051345825,
-0.1983232945203781,
0.203179731965065,
-0.03355414792895317,
1.0769304037094116,
0.11090395599603653,
0.4161628782749176,
0.23770686984062195,
-0.4655840992927551,
0.5271114706993103,
-0.09331434220075607,
-0.18590976297855377,
-0.44743743538856506,
0.0649036318063736,
0.03192000463604927,
0.05152048543095589,
-0.9394692182540894,
-0.4782235026359558,
-0.029909564182162285,
-0.39052915573120117,
-0.4123486578464508,
-0.3948993682861328,
-0.21340875327587128,
-0.38942480087280273,
-0.8832195401191711,
0.021144045516848564,
0.3465942144393921,
-0.6886271238327026,
-0.923498272895813,
0.20469744503498077,
-0.05197238549590111,
0.02879459410905838,
0.9225879311561584,
-0.5242164134979248,
-0.3775734603404999,
0.03799396753311157,
-0.6106247305870056,
-0.11048192530870438,
0.13744771480560303,
-0.033653683960437775,
0.5166099071502686,
-0.33013448119163513,
0.9262768626213074,
0.47260040044784546,
0.47384247183799744,
-0.10108970105648041,
-0.7261080145835876,
0.03450072929263115,
-0.3343866169452667,
-0.25103187561035156,
0.1274692565202713,
0.2220679223537445,
0.35952386260032654,
0.8346918225288391,
-0.2658355236053467,
0.2009696066379547,
0.8759593963623047,
-0.8793885111808777,
-0.04468546062707901,
-0.5152329206466675,
0.3730911910533905,
0.5095810890197754,
-0.5770342946052551,
0.019816145300865173,
0.19652923941612244,
-0.09475046396255493,
0.552538275718689,
0.19862963259220123,
0.31053033471107483,
-0.1554585099220276,
0.02683297172188759,
0.08941957354545593,
0.4884292483329773,
0.5813369750976562,
0.587060272693634,
-0.36786410212516785,
0.34889453649520874,
-0.7976241707801819,
0.31781336665153503,
0.44922468066215515,
-0.6661090850830078,
-0.060384299606084824,
0.5890724062919617,
0.049724213778972626,
-0.3333224356174469,
0.3147016763687134,
0.5233106017112732,
-0.2807193100452423,
0.008642063476145267,
-0.08767072856426239,
-0.01360239740461111,
0.4781355559825897,
-0.2723168432712555,
-0.2560410499572754,
-0.619188129901886,
-0.16050225496292114,
-0.22813408076763153,
0.13712859153747559,
0.28690314292907715,
0.16217558085918427,
0.5525450706481934,
0.5170362591743469,
-0.17699529230594635,
-0.6019402146339417,
-0.47390466928482056,
-0.3913470208644867,
-0.10041632503271103,
-1.6926980018615723,
0.9377841353416443,
-1.0347208976745605,
-0.6811655163764954,
-0.7850634455680847,
-0.13875322043895721,
-0.385405033826828,
-1.1734750270843506,
0.8345322012901306,
-0.7662925720214844,
-0.3594810962677002,
0.8731167316436768,
0.28925463557243347,
-0.36210188269615173,
-0.09780728071928024,
0.005200586747378111
]
|
128313 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sollentuna%20Municipality | Sollentuna Municipality | Sollentuna Municipality ( ) is a municipality in Stockholm County in east central Sweden, north of Stockholm. Its seat of local government is located in Tureberg, which is a part of the Upplands VΓ€sby urban area.
Geography
Sollentuna borders the municipalities of Solna, Sundbyberg, Stockholm, JΓ€rfΓ€lla, Upplands VΓ€sby, TΓ€by and Danderyd in clockwise order starting to the south.
Localities and districts
Since 1995 the bulk of the built-up area of the municipality is statistically counted to the multimunicipal city of Stockholm. A few houses on the eastern border (with about 10 inh.) are in TΓ€by urban area. SjΓΆberg is constituting a locality of its own.
The municipality is subdivided into the following districts with population as of 31 December 2011:
Tureberg, 15,650 inhabitants
Rotebro, 8 802
Helenelund, 11,100
Edsberg, 9,208
Viby, 5,794
SjΓΆberg, 4,627
HΓ€ggvik, 4,717
Norrviken, 3,335
Vaxmora, 2,517
JΓ€rvafΓ€ltet, 37
Rest, 104
Lakes
Central to the landscape of Sollentuna are the rather big lakes Norrviken and Edsvikenβthe latter a bay of the Baltic Sea.
Edsviken and Norrviken are popular lakes for ice tour skating during the winter. The municipality plows a 15Β km long skating track on Norrviken. Note that Norrviken is also the name of a district at the western shore of the Norrviken lake.
Other lakes:
FjΓ€turen
Ravalen
RΓΆsjΓΆn
VΓ€sjΓΆn
ΓversjΓΆn
Snuggan
Djupan
History
Sollentuna municipality was founded in conjunction with the reform of local government in Sweden in 1863. However, its boundaries are almost equivalent to those of Sollentuna Parish, which dates back to the 12th century. Well into the 20th century, Sollentuna was a predominantly rural area.
Modern Sollentuna evolved around the railway between Uppsala and Stockholm, inaugurated in 1866. Five of the eight districts that make up the municipality today correspond to railway stations, now operated by Stockholm commuter rail system. From south to north: Helenelund, Tureberg (railway station is Sollentuna Station), HΓ€ggvik, Norrviken and Rotebro. Viby is an extension of Norrviken and the two remaining districtsβ Edsberg and SjΓΆbergβare found along the road to Danderyd. Other roads into Sollentuna includes the road from KallhΓ€ll to Rotebro and the E 4 motorway that approximates the same route as the railway.
Sollentuna received the title of a merchant town (kΓΆping) in 1944. KΓΆping status was made obsolete by the municipal reform of 1971.
Demography
Population development
Income and Education
The population in Sollentuna Municipality has the 11th highest median income per capita in Sweden. The share of highly educated persons, according to Statistics Sweden's definition: persons with post-secondary education that is three years or longer, is 40.7% (national average: 27.0%) and the 9th highest in the country.
Residents with a foreign background
On the 31st of December 2017 the number of people with a foreign background (persons born outside of Sweden or with two parents born outside of Sweden) was 23Β 284, or 32.41% of the population (71Β 848 on the 31st of December 2017). On the 31st of December 2002 the number of residents with a foreign background was (per the same definition) 12Β 443, or 21.26% of the population (58Β 515 on the 31st of December 2002). On 31 December 2017 there were 71Β 848 residents in Sollentuna, of which 17Β 657 people (24.58%) were born in a country other than Sweden. Divided by country in the table below - the Nordic countries as well as the 12 most common countries of birth outside of Sweden for Swedish residents have been included, with other countries of birth bundled together by continent by Statistics Sweden.
Politics and government
Sollentuna Municipality has a municipal assembly with 61 members elected by proportional representation through municipal elections, held in conjunction with the national parliamentary elections every four years. The assembly elects a municipal board, (kommunstyrelse) which is the municipality's main governing body, chaired by the Mayor (sw. kommunstyrelsens ordfΓΆrande). The current mayor is Henrik Thunes, of the Moderate Party.
2018 election results
In the 2018 municipal elections, the seats in the Council are divided in the following way:
2014 election results
In the 2014 municipal elections, the seats in the Council are divided in the following way:
2010 election results
In the 2010 municipal elections, the seats in the Council are divided in the following way:
2006 election results
In the 2006 municipal elections, the seats in the Council are divided in the following way:
2002 election results
In the 2002 municipal elections, the seats in the Council are divided in the following way:
List of mayors since 1971
(1971β1974) Urban Gibson (fp)
(1974β1977) Carl-Erik Nilsson (c)
(1977β1980) Sven Olle Isidor Persson (s)
(1980β1987) Jan-Olov SundstrΓΆm (m)
(1987β1998) Gun Blomberg (m)
(1998β2000) Christina Naess (m)
(2000β2010) TorbjΓΆrn Rosdahl (m)
(2010-2015-07-11) Douglas Lithborn (m)
(2015-07-12- 2015-09-16) Anna Lena Johansson (fp)
2015-09-17- Henrik Thunes (m)
Public transport
Sollentuna is served by the Stockholm public transport system. Stockholm commuter rail have five stations within the municipality. There is also an extensive SL bus network.
Sights
Edsbacka krog, located by Edsbacka lake and founded already in 1634, was the only Swedish restaurant with two stars in the Michelin Guide until it closed in February 2010. Now the site have a slightly less fancy restaurant called Edsbacka WΓ€rdshus.
Edsbergs slott was built in rococo 1760. Its 400Β kmΒ² can be rented.
Probable burial mound of King Agne from the 5th century.
Sports
Sollentunavallen is the biggest playing field. It consists of two fields. The main arena is for football and athletics. Alongside it there's a field with artificial grass, which is used for bandy during the winter season.
The following sports clubs are located in Sollentuna Municipality:
Sollentuna Volleybollklubb
Rotebro IS FF
Sollentuna FK
KonstΓ₯kningsklubben Sollentuna
Turebergs FK
Helenelunds IK
Sollentuna HC
SKIFT
As of June 2013 there were 57 sports clubs in Sollentuna. The full list is maintained on the municipality web site.
Notable people
Jonas Bane, actor
Kajsa Bergqvist, high jumping world champion
Thomas BodstrΓΆm, football player, politician, former minister of justice
Ted GΓ€rdestad, pop musician
Maia Hirasawa, musician
Patric HΓΆrnqvist, ice hockey player currently with the Florida Panthers of the NHL
Jonatan Johansson, snowboarder
Ulrika Jonsson, television presenter
Charlotte LindstrΓΆm, former model who was charged in 2007 for ordering a hitman to kill two witnesses in Australia
Johan Munck, Chief Justice of Sweden
Christer Pettersson, Olof Palme murder suspect
Rickard Rakell, ice hockey player currently with the Anaheim Ducks of the NHL
Emilia Andersson Ramboldt, ice hockey player and former captain of the Swedish women's national team
Rednex, country pop group
Lovisa Selander, ice hockey goaltender for the Boston Pride and the Swedish women's national team
Farhad Shakely, poet
Linda Skugge, writer
Mats Sundin, professional ice hockey player
Niklas Svedberg, professional ice hockey goaltender
Caroline Winberg, model
International relations
Twin towns β sister cities
The municipality is twinned with:
Hvidovre in Denmark
Saue in Estonia
Tuusula in Finland
OppegΓ₯rd in Norway
See also
Sollentuna Hundred
References
External links
Sollentuna Municipality - Official site
Municipalities of Stockholm County
Metropolitan Stockholm
Stockholm urban area
Municipal seats of Stockholm County
Swedish municipal seats
Populated places in Stockholm County | [
-0.010421505197882652,
-0.11332903057336807,
0.5428085327148438,
0.32924318313598633,
-0.30833134055137634,
0.013756221160292625,
1.1679949760437012,
-0.38571467995643616,
-0.5150633454322815,
-0.4737543761730194,
0.008926436305046082,
-0.5239702463150024,
-0.3485466241836548,
0.15046696364879608,
-0.7775585055351257,
0.4588593542575836,
0.04544167220592499,
1.0332239866256714,
0.0034460085444152355,
-0.29576972126960754,
-0.14607030153274536,
0.13196754455566406,
0.21090030670166016,
0.7728805541992188,
-0.10599350929260254,
0.1636715680360794,
0.36960291862487793,
1.0013411045074463,
0.44627857208251953,
0.04801029711961746,
-0.5434442758560181,
0.9946280121803284,
-0.41452643275260925,
-0.38546276092529297,
0.5392789244651794,
-0.03540455549955368,
-0.12701711058616638,
-0.3308655917644501,
0.41276079416275024,
0.2540320158004761,
-0.379158616065979,
0.24828459322452545,
-0.5445942878723145,
-0.18433979153633118,
0.5673879384994507,
-1.6900275945663452,
-1.1693025827407837,
0.3477322459220886,
-1.2852240800857544,
0.8114646673202515,
-0.9494513869285583,
0.3219871520996094,
-0.6105315685272217,
0.5143951773643494,
-0.12986122071743011,
0.22348690032958984,
-0.6795624494552612,
0.4223940670490265,
-0.2985249161720276,
0.40323159098625183,
-0.23675453662872314,
0.172636479139328,
-0.2847468852996826,
-0.22236479818820953,
0.6083313822746277,
-0.06402117013931274,
0.6055910587310791,
0.5642358064651489,
-0.022167615592479706,
-0.8039206862449646,
-0.5661739110946655,
0.8846442699432373,
-0.42720815539360046,
-0.3163398504257202,
0.29696667194366455,
-0.6492231488227844,
0.40088456869125366,
-0.5031602382659912,
0.1791851967573166,
-0.14350180327892303,
0.15586784482002258,
-0.03865683451294899,
0.7521754503250122,
0.8518567681312561,
0.40510377287864685,
-0.13956809043884277,
-1.1207517385482788,
-0.8698535561561584,
-0.42581430077552795,
0.22429625689983368,
0.1451156735420227,
0.5090867280960083,
0.14335261285305023,
0.12387200444936752,
0.3756304085254669,
0.3052358031272888,
-0.2629334628582001,
0.28667935729026794,
-0.00025551748694851995,
0.7013201713562012,
-0.33470529317855835,
0.50101637840271,
0.2798967659473419,
0.10895174741744995,
-0.21449020504951477,
-0.40662914514541626,
-0.5755741000175476,
-0.5868600606918335,
-0.14549626410007477,
0.18092435598373413,
-0.8699007630348206,
0.3931146264076233,
0.30671459436416626,
-0.09403328597545624,
0.14491525292396545,
-0.041648443788290024,
-0.27494603395462036,
-0.06114416942000389,
-0.008825162425637245,
0.2551570534706116,
0.05805204063653946,
1.173113226890564,
0.04992759972810745,
0.01578529179096222,
0.24843288958072662,
0.04546944051980972,
0.005891091655939817,
0.697291910648346,
-0.28416427969932556,
-0.12637975811958313,
0.9239049553871155,
0.8403577208518982,
-0.7706618905067444,
0.11761099845170975,
-0.0005470479372888803,
0.051546309143304825,
0.020818978548049927,
0.3841968774795532,
0.21343030035495758,
0.26818379759788513,
-1.0686372518539429,
-0.1427658647298813,
-0.09941954910755157,
-0.6252530217170715,
0.17582964897155762,
-0.060721442103385925,
-0.5645421147346497,
-0.5684570670127869,
-0.7664589881896973,
-0.15420766174793243,
0.9541221857070923,
0.18146057426929474,
0.34863337874412537,
0.30232542753219604,
-0.21815548837184906,
0.29676389694213867,
-0.08228384703397751,
-0.05669047310948372,
-0.37427186965942383,
0.6988059878349304,
0.7043924331665039,
-0.3263668417930603,
0.33079102635383606,
-0.3417646288871765,
0.3763319253921509,
0.2697957754135132,
-0.19499415159225464,
0.5817205309867859,
1.0119811296463013,
-0.5297415256500244,
-0.7316129803657532,
-0.4513481557369232,
0.7792092561721802,
-0.7970656156539917,
0.8165692090988159,
-0.7044005393981934,
-0.4099460542201996,
0.6190310120582581,
0.13967056572437286,
-0.4349793791770935,
-1.1242893934249878,
-0.03622172027826309,
-0.009409037418663502,
0.211257666349411,
-0.20414157211780548,
1.0257741212844849,
-0.13838109374046326,
0.21956168115139008,
-0.15402060747146606,
0.1510433405637741,
-0.388746052980423,
-0.5861221551895142,
0.8441924452781677,
0.6056371927261353,
1.0226401090621948,
0.057011548429727554,
-0.23126624524593353,
0.3325555622577667,
-0.5475860238075256,
0.012984479777514935,
0.037784118205308914,
-0.5383002758026123,
0.1896713674068451,
-0.1938963383436203,
-0.11200599372386932,
0.05556930974125862,
0.029225178062915802,
0.19571168720722198,
-0.6194618940353394,
1.139340877532959,
-0.7614660263061523,
-0.88677579164505,
0.4544759690761566,
0.3992369472980499,
-0.5812113285064697,
-0.39629054069519043,
-0.6196233034133911,
0.23880349099636078,
0.1993117779493332,
-0.18943928182125092,
0.3061841130256653,
0.03720539063215256,
-0.19806209206581116,
-0.18134373426437378,
0.06287583708763123,
0.3229530453681946,
0.08406532555818558,
0.8094142079353333,
-0.10963869094848633,
-0.22803421318531036,
0.9208040237426758,
-0.11169920861721039,
0.5339164733886719,
0.17772357165813446,
-0.15205179154872894,
-0.4045693278312683,
-0.2270389050245285,
0.5759763717651367,
0.391412615776062,
-0.5429189205169678,
0.18676240742206573,
0.11122316122055054,
-0.28573113679885864,
-0.24521176517009735,
0.6989926695823669,
1.4905552864074707,
-0.6537576913833618,
-0.2165212482213974,
0.08703068643808365,
-0.6082150340080261,
-0.290579617023468,
-0.12857167422771454,
0.01312957052141428,
-0.5797226428985596,
-0.2754089832305908,
0.1610061377286911,
-0.07761532068252563,
0.31880953907966614,
0.31033846735954285,
0.4055372476577759,
-0.7283157110214233,
-0.16750332713127136,
0.38629889488220215,
-0.03744565695524216,
-0.7805407643318176,
-0.525451123714447,
0.16638164222240448,
-0.8736547231674194,
0.5264427065849304,
0.12274958938360214,
-0.11674419045448303,
-0.7248638868331909,
-0.38503363728523254,
0.48755261301994324,
-0.04534178599715233,
-0.3207189440727234,
-0.35383841395378113,
0.14300887286663055,
-0.7815436720848083,
-0.018587829545140266,
0.47425004839897156,
0.32595983147621155,
-0.32318219542503357,
-1.3284528255462646,
-0.43234699964523315,
-0.04670536518096924,
0.4611697793006897,
0.7532358765602112,
-0.7311013340950012,
-0.1828087866306305,
-0.7781094908714294,
0.30771178007125854,
-0.4936012923717499,
0.1837930530309677,
0.12868203222751617,
0.17457713186740875,
-0.2489292025566101,
0.452898770570755,
0.6553632616996765,
-0.20870853960514069,
-1.0632920265197754,
0.3518582880496979,
0.11422716081142426,
0.3067305088043213,
-0.41809651255607605,
-0.3630295991897583,
-0.060863152146339417,
-0.41692885756492615,
-4.026532173156738,
0.16560781002044678,
-0.793333113193512,
-0.05393167957663536,
-0.16567914187908173,
0.31448283791542053,
0.682309627532959,
-0.33676764369010925,
-0.011961574666202068,
0.10086105763912201,
0.49366384744644165,
-0.3592003583908081,
0.6520246863365173,
1.5408880710601807,
0.5271422266960144,
0.8217675685882568,
0.67221599817276,
-0.07690559327602386,
-0.05771888419985771,
-0.31655043363571167,
-0.5139392018318176,
0.060547906905412674,
-0.8626936078071594,
0.2889705002307892,
0.33313247561454773,
0.7286747097969055,
0.07812587171792984,
-0.3503212332725525,
-0.3185286223888397,
-0.7487601637840271,
0.08355214446783066,
-0.057884763926267624,
0.06349916756153107,
-0.34809932112693787,
-0.5729333758354187,
0.15007884800434113,
0.13234499096870422,
0.47806188464164734,
-0.08199203759431839,
-0.5901477336883545,
0.06043317914009094,
1.3273311853408813,
0.08373216539621353,
-0.3754637837409973,
0.507782518863678,
0.18598364293575287,
-1.015258550643921,
0.2776302099227905,
-0.8916191458702087,
0.9613286256790161,
0.4652586877346039,
-0.6978724002838135,
0.85103839635849,
-0.3437332510948181,
-0.12528100609779358,
-0.5486533045768738,
0.4540133774280548,
-0.1579793244600296,
0.028945686295628548,
0.6580137610435486,
0.40916022658348083,
0.160461887717247,
-0.28434857726097107,
-1.2451140880584717,
-0.14034579694271088,
0.08327563107013702,
0.5869224667549133,
0.371416836977005,
0.8846800923347473,
0.16530157625675201,
-0.13745439052581787,
-0.18922780454158783,
-0.5505940914154053,
-1.070954442024231,
-0.43880921602249146,
-0.8887154459953308,
-0.7612054944038391,
-0.4324515759944916,
-0.02891283482313156,
0.08122099936008453,
-0.49027809500694275,
-0.38680076599121094,
-0.34526702761650085,
0.7342689037322998,
0.21120016276836395,
-0.7680290937423706,
0.04195237159729004,
-0.3553673326969147,
0.28596925735473633,
-0.8062695860862732,
0.3807731568813324,
-0.06514425575733185,
0.16034476459026337,
0.275683730840683,
-0.532974898815155,
0.730456531047821,
-0.5219085216522217,
0.04940108209848404,
-0.06308693438768387,
-0.9020205140113831,
1.258852243423462,
-0.051072150468826294,
0.9911137819290161,
-0.09363602101802826,
-0.32434964179992676,
-0.15740714967250824,
0.6177657246589661,
0.3109886646270752,
-0.5619861483573914,
0.24295394122600555,
0.05317109078168869,
-0.4755144715309143,
-0.1278056502342224,
-1.114951729774475,
0.7927752137184143,
-0.36945515871047974,
-0.0468386672437191,
1.4634740352630615,
-0.5402472019195557,
0.2431778907775879,
0.1402258723974228,
0.2830362617969513,
0.8196044564247131,
-0.13137012720108032,
-0.21505019068717957,
-0.5380483865737915,
-0.29998165369033813,
0.010745929554104805,
-0.0004144325212109834,
0.613024890422821,
0.7803592085838318,
0.3989786207675934,
-0.43464431166648865,
-0.37812140583992004,
-0.038978684693574905,
-0.3335571587085724,
-0.6369746327400208,
-0.13540931046009064,
0.007880506105720997,
0.2532093822956085,
1.0566914081573486,
-0.07724629342556,
-0.30897998809814453,
0.41106435656547546,
-1.0025960206985474,
0.10944688320159912,
0.42278918623924255,
0.20529644191265106,
-1.25005042552948,
-0.04281818866729736,
-1.5032010078430176,
-0.5588023066520691,
-0.18728479743003845,
-1.0820543766021729,
0.5236245393753052,
-0.584663450717926,
0.45922142267227173,
0.16315455734729767,
-0.10828279703855515,
-0.10892035812139511,
-0.5347897410392761,
-0.8848310112953186,
-1.0715751647949219,
0.23467682301998138,
0.07523398101329803,
0.028530564159154892,
-0.9970082640647888,
-0.35319584608078003,
-0.6404017210006714,
0.5919397473335266,
-0.4698781967163086,
-1.3631271123886108,
-0.749439001083374,
-0.42342594265937805,
-0.23003630340099335,
-0.7461385130882263,
0.014809508807957172,
-0.17113307118415833,
-1.4077543020248413,
-0.2015441358089447,
0.11071324348449707,
0.16365280747413635,
-0.327088862657547,
-0.08835369348526001,
0.85704505443573,
-0.4135335385799408,
-0.2642114758491516,
-0.22148729860782623,
-0.28246569633483887,
-0.45845991373062134,
0.4276665151119232,
-0.1381906419992447,
0.5761110186576843,
-0.05474467948079109,
0.7194023728370667,
-1.118970274925232,
0.3554774820804596,
0.014628582634031773,
-0.016875755041837692,
-0.5604483485221863,
0.18776072561740875,
0.7564616203308105,
0.22995592653751373,
1.4657081365585327,
-0.06765484064817429,
-0.46313348412513733,
0.713263750076294,
0.9127495288848877,
-0.23987895250320435,
0.3579845130443573,
-1.3901952505111694,
-0.2863815426826477,
0.3546361029148102,
0.32159143686294556,
-0.2388894408941269,
0.09810032695531845,
0.6615116596221924,
-0.44359567761421204,
-0.702003538608551,
-0.029093582183122635,
-0.8928112387657166,
-0.2454666644334793,
-0.5800655484199524,
-0.5355026721954346,
-0.3473185896873474,
0.11159519851207733,
-0.03524431213736534,
-0.1757730394601822,
1.035203218460083,
-0.4184402525424957,
1.097064733505249,
0.19415991008281708,
0.9680089950561523,
-0.4019829332828522,
-0.09737417101860046,
0.2950284779071808,
-0.20676667988300323,
0.43752366304397583,
0.5578756332397461,
0.5187066793441772,
0.47997376322746277,
0.4763188362121582,
0.07300490885972977,
-0.31617143750190735,
0.2966209352016449,
-0.4484837055206299,
0.9977773427963257,
-0.2910631597042084,
-0.8728829026222229,
0.3352990448474884,
-0.38409680128097534,
-0.49119123816490173,
-0.26310279965400696,
0.27850064635276794,
1.239020586013794,
0.4295091927051544,
0.05349847301840782,
1.0159293413162231,
0.4460020363330841,
0.3447212874889374,
0.39229321479797363,
-0.2306135594844818,
-0.3594745099544525,
0.3826858699321747,
-0.009256529621779919,
0.6934645771980286,
0.48935380578041077,
-0.4799158573150635,
1.2597723007202148,
-0.04527505487203598,
-0.3809914290904999,
-0.1253691017627716,
0.7152994871139526,
0.2686384916305542,
-0.08757175505161285,
0.20287826657295227,
-0.268289715051651,
-0.3137955367565155,
0.2459358125925064,
-1.0587817430496216,
-0.21687647700309753,
0.6841408610343933,
-0.29479777812957764,
0.04182995855808258,
-0.0972374901175499,
-0.576535701751709,
-0.2785901427268982,
0.08191482722759247,
-0.7249701023101807,
0.42808738350868225,
0.00385245936922729,
-0.37281590700149536,
0.33531323075294495,
0.141949862241745,
0.14349982142448425,
0.8282082676887512,
-0.25813591480255127,
0.21055546402931213,
-0.4560279846191406,
-0.1478937566280365,
-0.7460811734199524,
0.12304774671792984,
-0.6588078737258911,
-0.2304396629333496,
0.19409756362438202,
0.10063611716032028,
-0.2565949559211731,
0.06611140072345734,
-0.5737711787223816,
0.7071579098701477,
0.36956554651260376,
-0.3383606970310211,
-0.15954546630382538,
1.2430171966552734,
-0.6680616140365601,
0.38207077980041504,
0.507106602191925,
-0.6069255471229553,
-0.2512718141078949,
0.6327917575836182,
0.20126590132713318,
0.713483989238739,
0.3744876980781555,
0.22975362837314606,
0.4298785924911499,
1.4135347604751587,
0.38146069645881653,
0.5361732840538025,
0.1550418883562088,
-0.648172914981842,
-0.5306015014648438,
-0.38978904485702515,
-0.7348788976669312,
0.9123574495315552,
-0.9915325045585632,
0.14634621143341064,
0.14744924008846283,
-0.19218094646930695,
-0.5677604675292969,
0.01637054607272148,
-0.08831539005041122,
1.0222443342208862,
-0.03640281781554222,
0.2127496600151062,
0.4596737027168274,
-0.24752995371818542,
0.40884703397750854,
-0.14110827445983887,
0.09201731532812119,
-0.6700941920280457,
0.34342190623283386,
-0.03893721476197243,
0.2534164786338806,
-0.124794602394104,
-0.45135772228240967,
0.20842131972312927,
-0.22028276324272156,
-0.5481109619140625,
-0.5398580431938171,
0.3045435845851898,
-0.014602470211684704,
-1.0953835248947144,
0.16624785959720612,
0.5629371404647827,
-0.542759895324707,
-0.9417338371276855,
0.6503925323486328,
-0.16623081266880035,
-0.16503863036632538,
0.8230811357498169,
-0.5990204215049744,
-0.14801029860973358,
0.13145442306995392,
-0.31495800614356995,
0.09421347826719284,
0.4728076159954071,
0.3076495826244354,
0.6927739381790161,
-0.11994621157646179,
1.0866113901138306,
0.23000988364219666,
0.6185600757598877,
0.036130208522081375,
-0.8108883500099182,
-0.2733234763145447,
-0.29939988255500793,
-0.004738004878163338,
0.001434024190530181,
0.37919187545776367,
0.08933957666158676,
0.7844639420509338,
-0.09900166094303131,
0.1398744434118271,
0.31515058875083923,
-0.7874072194099426,
-0.28461864590644836,
-0.2745336592197418,
0.5086684226989746,
0.4500333368778229,
-0.6646783351898193,
0.07335135340690613,
0.08435375243425369,
0.04093565419316292,
0.6097468137741089,
0.0354560986161232,
0.5778870582580566,
-0.39242106676101685,
0.08114268630743027,
0.4262091815471649,
0.7109612226486206,
0.4614455997943878,
0.4322235882282257,
-0.14918836951255798,
0.14046883583068848,
-0.8552960753440857,
0.4545038044452667,
0.552259087562561,
-0.772310197353363,
0.2006460279226303,
0.5240783095359802,
-0.09620636701583862,
-0.10510130226612091,
0.4293402433395386,
0.8062469959259033,
-0.14595288038253784,
-0.049299418926239014,
-0.3024095594882965,
0.15034574270248413,
0.2985811233520508,
-0.20756639540195465,
-0.38997676968574524,
-0.3479135036468506,
-0.0668378695845604,
0.08741073310375214,
-0.0011365736136212945,
0.424117773771286,
-0.24537202715873718,
0.5982310175895691,
0.5656298398971558,
-0.3024212419986725,
-0.6743165254592896,
-0.46538683772087097,
-0.26042577624320984,
0.08300331234931946,
0.17072004079818726,
0.7228712439537048,
-1.1663440465927124,
-0.68597811460495,
-0.6132189035415649,
-0.2907220125198364,
-0.3933281898498535,
-1.178350567817688,
0.6911884546279907,
-0.14606298506259918,
-0.338222473859787,
0.7230852246284485,
0.5400413870811462,
-0.7605672478675842,
-0.025817586109042168,
0.435258150100708
]
|
128314 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sundbyberg%20Municipality | Sundbyberg Municipality | Sundbyberg Municipality (Sundbybergs kommun or Sundbybergs stad) is a municipality in Stockholm County in east central Sweden, just north of the capital Stockholm. Sundbyberg is wholly within the Stockholm urban area and has a 100% urban population.
Sundbyberg was detached from Bromma (which since 1916 is in Stockholm Municipality) in 1888 as a market town (kΓΆping). It got the title of a city in 1927. In 1949 parts of Solna Municipality and SpΓ₯nga Municipality (when the rest of SpΓ₯nga was amalgamated into Stockholm) were added. A proposed merger with Solna in 1971 was never implemented, making Sundbyberg, with an area of , the smallest municipality in Sweden, but also the most densely populated. The municipality prefers to call itself a city, which, however, has no legal significance.
History
Sundbyberg was for a long time only an area of small agriculture value and most of all used as a place to spend summer for rich families in the city. In 1863 almost the entire area was bought by Anders Petter LΓΆfstrΓΆm, including Duvbo Estate, who began building houses there. In 1870 the first industrial plot was sold and from there the town did expand with railroad, houses, industries and community services of all kind. A. P. LΓΆfstrΓΆm also donated to the municipality, all land for roads, streets, parks, school, church and other public areas.
In 1888 Sundbyberg municipality was formed with 1,133 inhabitants, splitting off from Bromma. At the time the municipality only constituted Central Sundbyberg and the undeveloped Storskogen. Sundbyberg was known in its early years for its beer, its spirited political discourses, its muddy streets, and the danger of the streets at night (nowadays the crime-hit areas are Hallonbergen and Rissne instead). Sales of land was aimed at workers and industry, and the relative lack of public services caused a strong cooperative spirit to form. Suburbs bordering Sundbyberg were also built β Lilla Alby and MariehΓ€ll in the 1880s and Duvbo around 1900. While trains stopped in Sundbyberg, they did so at a low frequency, and most commuters used the steam boat. In 1910 a tram line was built from Stockholm and RΓ₯sunda to the municipal border, and then into Sundbyberg in 1928, running until 1959.
A new city plan was established in 1941, prescribing the construction of lamellhus, rectangular multi-residential buildings with typically four floors, leading to the demolishment of most of the wooden houses in Sundbyberg in the 1940s, while brick or concrete buildings were kept. Many industrial buildings were converted were converted to residential use at the same time. Rising housing prices led to a more densely built suburb than envisioned in the city plan, as well as cause Sundbyberg to rapidly lose its industrial character.
In 1946 Sundbyberg municipality, which by then had 15,000 inhabitants, bought Storskogen, with the first homes going up there in 1952. In 1949 SpΓ₯nga municipality was split between neighbouring municipalities, giving Duvbo, Ursvik and some other land to Sundbyberg. Lilla Alby was transferred from Solna municipality to Sundbyberg at the same time. Since the 1950s when Storskogen was built, Sundbyberg has expanded one district each decade, with Γr built in the 1960s, Hallonbergen and its metro line (which also serves Storskogen and Γr) in the 1970s, Rissne and its metro line (which also serves Central Sundbyberg and Lilla Alby) in the 1980s, Brotorp and Stora Ursvik in the 2000s.
Economy
The roughly 50,000 inhabitants live in about 20,000 households. The industrial policy of the municipality is to provide one job opportunity for every household, with there being around 23,000 jobs in the municipality (in 2015). So unlike other municipalities in Metropolitan Stockholm, Sundbyberg is not a bedroom suburb wherefrom people commute to Stockholm, but also a place commuted to from outside. In total, 19,000 commuters travel in each direction to or from Sundbyberg every day (in 2014). The unemployment rate in Sundbyberg closely tracks the average for Stockholm County and is generally lower than the Swedish average.
In the first half of its existence, Sundbyberg saw a strong expansion of industrial activity, and most residents were industrial workers, but in the 1940s the industry almost entirely disappeared from Sundbyberg. By the 1970s warehouses and IT businesses had established themselves instead, and an attempt to establish industry in Hallonbergen had failed due to high rental costs. Today the service sector dominates, with Sundbyberg having become a place with office workers, as a result of Sundbyberg becoming more central as Stockholm has expanded and public transport has been strengthened. The most common professions for people working in Sundbyberg are (in order from most employed): IT developer, banker, human relations, secretary, business seller/purchaser, accountant, retail clerk, truck/bus driver, teacher, tax collector. There are office districts in Central Sundbyberg (Sundbyberg centrum and AllΓ©n), Rissne (Ursviks EntrΓ©) and Hallonbergen (Sundby Park). In 2015 Sundbyberg centrum offices had rents (2,100 kr/m2/year) similar to Kista, Alvik and the adjacent Solna Business Park, while in AllΓ©n they a bit lower and similar to LidingΓΆ Centrum and the nearby Solna Strand, and Ursviks EntrΓ© and Sundby Park both have further lower office rents similar to Farsta and TyresΓΆ Centrum.
Unusually for Stockholm suburbs, Sundbyberg has a proper town centre, with plenty of nice shops in the Central Sundbyberg area, which makes the little city a bit independent. There are also smaller concentrations of stores elsewhere in the municipality, such as by the Rissne and Hallonbergen metro stations. The proximity of the shopping centres Bromma Blocks (1 km away) and Mall of Scandinavia (2 km away) has hindered establishment of a shopping centre in Central Sundbyberg. Businesses in Hallonbergen suffer from getting few customers from elsewhere due to the area's poor reputation, whereas the area's locals don't mind going elsewhere, e.g. to cafΓ©s in Central Sundbyberg.
Demography
Population development
Residents with a foreign background
On 31 December 2017 the number of people with a foreign background (persons born outside of Sweden or with two parents born outside of Sweden) was 20Β 229, or 40.93% of the population (49Β 424 on 31 December 2017). On 31 December 2002 the number of residents with a foreign background was (per the same definition) 8Β 531, or 25.24% of the population (33Β 797 on 31 December 2002). On 31 December 2017 there were 49Β 424 residents in Sundbyberg, of which 14Β 954 people (30.26%) were born in a country other than Sweden. Divided by country in the table below - the Nordic countries as well as the 12 most common countries of birth outside of Sweden for Swedish residents have been included, with other countries of birth bundled together by continent by Statistics Sweden.
By district
Public transportation
Sundbyberg is well served by the Stockholm public transport system. There are several metro stations as well as one Stockholm commuter rail station and plenty of bus routes. Even some main line trains call at Sundbyberg. The TvΓ€rbanan light rail service was extended from Sickla Udde via Alvik to Solna centrum in October 2013. The line runs through Central Sundbyberg with tracks laid in the street and has two stops within the municipality. Construction of a northern light railway branch from Ulvsunda to Kista that will pass through Rissne and Stora Ursvik started in 2018.
Districts
Brotorp
Central Sundbyberg
Duvbo
Hallonbergen
Lilla Alby
Lilla Ursvik
Kymlinge
Rissne
Stora Ursvik
Storskogen
Γr
Sports
The following sports clubs are located in Sundbyberg:
Sundbybergs IK
Storskogens SK
Gallery
References
Further reading
Sundbyberg Den nya FΓΆrstaden, H. Γsterberg,Sundbybergs Museum
Sundbyberg under KΓΆpingtiden, H. Γsterberg,Sundbybergs Museum
Sundbyberg den 113:e Staden, H. Γsterberg,Sundbybergs Museum
Sundbyberg i Gamla Bilder, H. Γsterberg, Sundbybergs Museum
Sundbyberg bygger en Kyrka, H. Γsterberg, Sundbybergs Museum
Sundbyberg - om hus och miljΓΆer, Eva SΓΆderlind
External links
Sundbyberg Municipality - Official site
Sundbyberg Museum & Archive - Official site
Municipalities of Stockholm County
Municipal seats of Stockholm County
Swedish municipal seats
Populated places in Stockholm County
Metropolitan Stockholm
Stockholm urban area | [
0.16506409645080566,
0.23817528784275055,
0.46465346217155457,
0.22937798500061035,
-0.5511026382446289,
-0.35229402780532837,
1.0720415115356445,
-0.6119438409805298,
-0.5464252829551697,
-0.2816901206970215,
-0.020312907174229622,
-0.3227660655975342,
-0.2574489116668701,
0.09228301793336868,
-0.7367429733276367,
0.21999618411064148,
0.6367443203926086,
0.9612071514129639,
-0.24010734260082245,
-0.703518271446228,
-0.3635266423225403,
-0.07043982297182083,
0.26413246989250183,
0.38643956184387207,
0.10995731502771378,
0.10039781779050827,
0.5288735628128052,
0.6934898495674133,
0.4018833637237549,
0.117288738489151,
-0.5521175265312195,
0.91380774974823,
-0.14826825261116028,
-0.2940823435783386,
0.19476158916950226,
0.13317669928073883,
-0.20582999289035797,
-0.4989388585090637,
0.2743190824985504,
-0.09104993939399719,
-0.5329101085662842,
0.32909339666366577,
-0.579103946685791,
0.07284287363290787,
0.34075337648391724,
-1.5949375629425049,
-0.9955223798751831,
0.5821457505226135,
-0.9352390766143799,
0.8109273314476013,
-1.147339105606079,
0.1673898845911026,
-0.3296412527561188,
0.7303141951560974,
0.23881322145462036,
-0.3758547008037567,
-0.6862363815307617,
0.428112655878067,
-0.22578486800193787,
0.6039936542510986,
-0.1029265820980072,
0.00391601724550128,
-0.24053151905536652,
-0.38930514454841614,
0.854181170463562,
0.07229796051979065,
0.3747533857822418,
0.3887363374233246,
0.2967448830604553,
-0.6453849673271179,
-0.6799383163452148,
0.806609034538269,
-0.19722707569599152,
-0.008033111691474915,
0.35790908336639404,
-0.5305359363555908,
0.22353507578372955,
-0.2832038104534149,
0.4921460449695587,
-0.5062597990036011,
0.015500467270612717,
-0.42186033725738525,
0.5232363343238831,
0.3939531445503235,
0.45189088582992554,
-0.24072718620300293,
-0.957272469997406,
-0.6667664647102356,
-0.3845495581626892,
0.3832329213619232,
0.038312193006277084,
0.36470702290534973,
0.1729716956615448,
0.07783244550228119,
0.311027467250824,
-0.015986420214176178,
-0.22061322629451752,
0.3772274851799011,
0.2469368427991867,
0.7098576426506042,
-0.3547482490539551,
0.5595657825469971,
0.4092397391796112,
0.1581392139196396,
0.19349578022956848,
-0.41341277956962585,
-0.5010771155357361,
-0.20862357318401337,
-0.5911789536476135,
-0.13321809470653534,
-0.9732848405838013,
0.4763982892036438,
-0.00940130464732647,
-0.41809964179992676,
0.32464560866355896,
0.3535684645175934,
-0.11281098425388336,
-0.10694746673107147,
-0.0906239002943039,
0.06190800294280052,
-0.0003058809961657971,
0.9580182433128357,
0.16152423620224,
-0.3034457266330719,
0.34834402799606323,
-0.3269551992416382,
-0.07451914250850677,
0.6645430326461792,
-0.27407529950141907,
0.45331528782844543,
0.35630249977111816,
0.5926613807678223,
-0.7034746408462524,
0.19398753345012665,
0.31786680221557617,
-0.14893236756324768,
0.08098360896110535,
0.554245114326477,
0.28015610575675964,
0.20996436476707458,
-0.8982539772987366,
0.02169337309896946,
-0.41852325201034546,
-0.5251031517982483,
0.36416295170783997,
-0.18180213868618011,
0.026187514886260033,
-0.7598760724067688,
-0.4454953074455261,
-0.2983115613460541,
0.9359766840934753,
0.37398868799209595,
0.20992030203342438,
0.31738990545272827,
-0.08229318261146545,
0.10076385736465454,
-0.07868470251560211,
-0.16108587384223938,
0.19640977680683136,
0.4717559814453125,
0.6512754559516907,
-0.30933818221092224,
0.36851105093955994,
-0.44438356161117554,
0.2667713463306427,
-0.06785309314727783,
0.11270782351493835,
0.5840117335319519,
0.9418635964393616,
-0.2060684859752655,
-0.7146028876304626,
-0.5205623507499695,
0.4693404734134674,
-0.692812442779541,
0.5985874533653259,
-0.2244994342327118,
-0.17458723485469818,
0.15254729986190796,
0.14348207414150238,
-0.05876247212290764,
-0.900572657585144,
-0.1649385690689087,
-0.21319958567619324,
0.0785389095544815,
-0.24963337182998657,
0.7764734625816345,
-0.034053221344947815,
0.5582222938537598,
0.005540253594517708,
0.31491801142692566,
-0.21622470021247864,
-0.3562745451927185,
1.03080153465271,
0.8449600338935852,
0.7221284508705139,
0.266711562871933,
-0.38009124994277954,
0.2266688346862793,
-0.24248400330543518,
0.18816708028316498,
-0.35527440905570984,
-0.544717013835907,
0.2366650253534317,
-0.27409112453460693,
-0.1712198555469513,
0.4728488028049469,
0.1534341722726822,
-0.11235184222459793,
-0.6044714450836182,
0.7603874206542969,
-0.5524345636367798,
-0.8112775683403015,
0.6260614991188049,
0.23227441310882568,
-0.35353076457977295,
-0.4621105194091797,
-0.39301183819770813,
0.15775422751903534,
0.04963549226522446,
-0.2805007994174957,
0.44706255197525024,
0.20376700162887573,
-0.1629178524017334,
-0.017246898263692856,
0.06448101252317429,
0.49846428632736206,
0.5121970772743225,
0.8864094614982605,
0.010174283757805824,
-0.24241939187049866,
0.6858884692192078,
0.06186392158269882,
0.8160116672515869,
0.1114063411951065,
-0.1462516486644745,
-0.30565065145492554,
-0.011932926252484322,
0.428905189037323,
0.31671929359436035,
-0.4091795086860657,
0.10210752487182617,
0.019632041454315186,
-0.5451245903968811,
-0.022873368114233017,
0.7661144137382507,
1.490204095840454,
-0.45569750666618347,
0.01616765186190605,
-0.2636163830757141,
-0.49441972374916077,
-0.22022190690040588,
-0.3066902756690979,
0.05373185873031616,
-0.5749037265777588,
-0.0590953603386879,
-0.25762253999710083,
0.30291736125946045,
0.3451438844203949,
0.37035104632377625,
0.5840651988983154,
-0.8430730104446411,
0.0012783989077433944,
0.24205295741558075,
0.05294794216752052,
-1.0339909791946411,
-0.4803328216075897,
0.09017769247293472,
-0.6046074032783508,
0.7475219368934631,
-0.008846264332532883,
-0.08219529688358307,
-0.6881851553916931,
-0.8518818616867065,
-0.27898135781288147,
0.03655129671096802,
-0.6008594632148743,
0.02216753363609314,
-0.02527640573680401,
-0.5286015868186951,
-0.28005093336105347,
0.15768671035766602,
0.8059056997299194,
-0.31565678119659424,
-1.2119524478912354,
-0.3838644325733185,
-0.1975519061088562,
0.3877965807914734,
0.38052868843078613,
-0.3716617226600647,
-0.1407373696565628,
-0.6958928108215332,
0.45135006308555603,
-0.22389531135559082,
0.1570810079574585,
-0.10441511124372482,
0.015906088054180145,
-0.24538226425647736,
0.22450129687786102,
0.5657815933227539,
-0.429786741733551,
-0.822531521320343,
0.3095587491989136,
-0.1413029432296753,
0.5255924463272095,
-0.38847625255584717,
-0.14767515659332275,
-0.15618479251861572,
-0.15914911031723022,
-4.582777976989746,
0.2845098674297333,
-0.41891512274742126,
-0.2124491035938263,
-0.12310369312763214,
0.3234389126300812,
0.060254376381635666,
-0.44677048921585083,
0.05997433140873909,
-0.14678850769996643,
0.2836797535419464,
-0.7373628616333008,
0.6883533596992493,
1.2889639139175415,
0.5939823389053345,
0.6977745890617371,
0.2891518473625183,
-0.05798220634460449,
-0.06677844375371933,
0.22738116979599,
-0.25199228525161743,
0.08186369389295578,
-0.6464181542396545,
0.1743941456079483,
0.3616149127483368,
0.49959924817085266,
0.3194581866264343,
-0.2941542863845825,
-0.5167359113693237,
-1.0723055601119995,
0.5706824660301208,
-0.3766562044620514,
0.41829338669776917,
-0.1906391829252243,
-0.391018807888031,
0.38045161962509155,
0.31277012825012207,
0.7384755611419678,
-0.021786268800497055,
-0.575821578502655,
0.07658715546131134,
1.2218587398529053,
0.410353422164917,
-0.36893606185913086,
0.3780636489391327,
-0.008768262341618538,
-1.22105073928833,
0.302047997713089,
-0.9973170161247253,
0.8684765100479126,
0.6861922740936279,
-0.4708242118358612,
0.6755978465080261,
-0.1715063899755478,
-0.6071481704711914,
-0.6011869311332703,
0.5889251828193665,
-0.2357317954301834,
-0.1815759837627411,
0.8560988306999207,
0.3124920427799225,
0.353873074054718,
-0.3175450563430786,
-0.8201017379760742,
-0.003844145219773054,
0.1756862998008728,
0.19453556835651398,
0.8369565606117249,
0.75312739610672,
0.0722241923213005,
0.17689938843250275,
0.01238279975950718,
-0.60813307762146,
-1.0652137994766235,
-0.6241403818130493,
-1.277546763420105,
-0.6519469022750854,
-0.5938692092895508,
-0.292455792427063,
-0.07392621040344238,
-0.42958971858024597,
-0.177403524518013,
-0.19500695168972015,
0.7130690217018127,
0.1138283982872963,
-0.8179843425750732,
-0.13546279072761536,
0.020438721403479576,
0.13130027055740356,
-0.7644631862640381,
0.2892034649848938,
-0.054383520036935806,
0.4717668890953064,
0.11656488478183746,
-0.604357898235321,
0.70377117395401,
-0.24827532470226288,
-0.4076182246208191,
-0.15306565165519714,
-0.7956697344779968,
1.379156231880188,
-0.1998545527458191,
0.7792698740959167,
-0.11749206483364105,
-0.3097496032714844,
-0.020700309425592422,
0.871715247631073,
0.6391334533691406,
-0.26191800832748413,
0.09562639892101288,
-0.21534672379493713,
-0.16198207437992096,
-0.17057140171527863,
-0.8793726563453674,
1.0966237783432007,
-0.5049034357070923,
-0.5944148898124695,
1.1296446323394775,
-0.17363691329956055,
0.11267153918743134,
-0.04342403635382652,
0.5559079647064209,
0.7883837819099426,
0.015190237201750278,
-0.40291374921798706,
-0.34107813239097595,
-0.04059917852282524,
0.2490101307630539,
0.35180196166038513,
0.3763151466846466,
0.5796437859535217,
0.4646812975406647,
-0.47939926385879517,
-0.5625926852226257,
-0.3456362783908844,
-0.3824824094772339,
-0.417724609375,
0.13359852135181427,
0.2021186351776123,
0.12503084540367126,
1.1769534349441528,
-0.19757571816444397,
0.30374178290367126,
0.724565327167511,
-0.4355429410934448,
0.2287992537021637,
-0.10789622366428375,
0.15873008966445923,
-1.1855738162994385,
-0.1752944439649582,
-1.341748595237732,
-0.5309039950370789,
0.15991342067718506,
-1.1338679790496826,
0.23647941648960114,
-0.5138386487960815,
0.42245012521743774,
0.4337017834186554,
0.013376545161008835,
-0.38784679770469666,
-0.15707431733608246,
-0.9755840301513672,
-0.8778695464134216,
0.41348063945770264,
0.29358452558517456,
0.2911481261253357,
-0.9374480247497559,
-0.3171684741973877,
-0.26912155747413635,
0.6507090330123901,
-0.1880762130022049,
-1.1771823167800903,
-0.847676694393158,
-0.4418809115886688,
-0.02502470277249813,
-0.4157558083534241,
-0.004988125991076231,
0.1628454178571701,
-0.7469019293785095,
-0.3740675151348114,
0.01848558522760868,
0.11413818597793579,
-0.026855960488319397,
0.32536622881889343,
0.886423647403717,
-0.5196846127510071,
-0.5755085349082947,
0.09547138214111328,
-0.5085150003433228,
-0.4773392975330353,
0.6571518778800964,
-0.2674632966518402,
0.49163541197776794,
0.14975951611995697,
0.4213774502277374,
-0.9556242823600769,
0.0861210897564888,
-0.5348781943321228,
-0.21960946917533875,
-0.5452297925949097,
0.09684118628501892,
0.4164901673793793,
0.053393375128507614,
1.4749350547790527,
0.1631830781698227,
-0.5746440291404724,
0.5560950636863708,
0.8201714754104614,
-0.35328081250190735,
0.33344268798828125,
-1.1443864107131958,
-0.43195411562919617,
-0.20140625536441803,
0.48299482464790344,
-0.4054492115974426,
0.05450527369976044,
0.4352100193500519,
-0.5130428671836853,
-0.8507432341575623,
-0.18074500560760498,
-0.708868682384491,
-0.4879153072834015,
-0.05643806234002113,
-0.4707833230495453,
-0.6118378043174744,
0.08735782653093338,
-0.19189447164535522,
-0.43243545293807983,
1.1214014291763306,
-0.2767353355884552,
0.6063880920410156,
0.24951176345348358,
0.577970564365387,
-0.18284013867378235,
-0.5802058577537537,
-0.07142101973295212,
-0.07679539173841476,
0.5036730170249939,
0.44993218779563904,
0.5282297134399414,
0.3531774878501892,
0.8250589966773987,
-0.015645066276192665,
-0.11391923576593399,
0.005554145202040672,
-0.24235448241233826,
0.5590609908103943,
0.1524936407804489,
-0.7529217600822449,
0.31201469898223877,
-0.22665782272815704,
-0.5784127712249756,
-0.030020182952284813,
0.36456024646759033,
1.144389033317566,
0.13086919486522675,
0.028396327048540115,
0.8578509092330933,
0.4096488654613495,
0.2393873780965805,
0.46173277497291565,
0.07691103965044022,
-0.15658505260944366,
0.22619271278381348,
-0.022888466715812683,
0.3629700839519501,
0.06249411776661873,
-0.2526439130306244,
1.3342863321304321,
-0.05383431166410446,
-0.3661511540412903,
-0.2276659607887268,
0.7431418299674988,
0.07261769473552704,
-0.29449263215065,
0.10601677000522614,
0.045524634420871735,
-0.365221232175827,
0.2646523416042328,
-0.46932321786880493,
-0.07341097295284271,
0.6157240867614746,
-0.023216430097818375,
-0.11129602044820786,
-0.33685898780822754,
-0.23515991866588593,
-0.20152516663074493,
0.036436282098293304,
-0.6219098567962646,
0.4591881036758423,
-0.026350881904363632,
-0.5487940311431885,
0.35984572768211365,
0.3804379403591156,
0.2359304428100586,
0.35544684529304504,
0.16921696066856384,
0.3598800301551819,
-0.33955156803131104,
-0.3444308936595917,
-0.9778007864952087,
0.07941358536481857,
-0.5967779159545898,
0.03700285032391548,
0.4949011206626892,
0.14704100787639618,
-0.22580431401729584,
0.07183422148227692,
-0.6627663373947144,
0.4707936644554138,
0.1339307725429535,
-0.0320366770029068,
0.022940615192055702,
1.1329723596572876,
-0.8555084466934204,
0.2202964872121811,
0.32417622208595276,
-0.19052128493785858,
0.141306534409523,
0.6632559299468994,
0.2847171723842621,
0.7448156476020813,
0.0455070436000824,
0.316495418548584,
0.3483108580112457,
0.9815804958343506,
0.5799771547317505,
0.07080348581075668,
0.11381842941045761,
-0.592787504196167,
-0.32934367656707764,
-0.33418580889701843,
-0.6523020267486572,
1.1494359970092773,
-1.0288429260253906,
0.32289889454841614,
0.2231157124042511,
-0.2960225045681,
-0.3701343238353729,
0.20059487223625183,
-0.14366976916790009,
1.0380568504333496,
0.035323843359947205,
0.42183125019073486,
0.22453907132148743,
-0.5017918348312378,
0.42255085706710815,
-0.17531749606132507,
0.08436395227909088,
-0.39586636424064636,
0.2618412375450134,
-0.10608808696269989,
0.31530171632766724,
-0.5768737196922302,
-0.4403575360774994,
0.3835521936416626,
-0.4359265863895416,
-0.3820549249649048,
-0.6193450689315796,
0.07960326224565506,
-0.4451773464679718,
-0.6397595405578613,
-0.07408452033996582,
0.3566093146800995,
-0.5347871780395508,
-0.9765889644622803,
0.19020625948905945,
-0.21790878474712372,
-0.029131202027201653,
1.0596370697021484,
-0.4417758882045746,
-0.004171095788478851,
0.07879142463207245,
-0.5401347875595093,
-0.15857228636741638,
0.1719217449426651,
0.20653152465820312,
0.5136975049972534,
-0.11432026326656342,
0.6994428634643555,
0.3729780316352844,
0.6204981207847595,
-0.1513255536556244,
-1.0410645008087158,
-0.23698368668556213,
-0.1751003861427307,
-0.10207262635231018,
0.2858494818210602,
0.3871791660785675,
0.010787621140480042,
0.6433654427528381,
-0.07333987206220627,
-0.04263358190655708,
0.663330078125,
-0.8310418128967285,
0.020379263907670975,
-0.2983609735965729,
0.6733379364013672,
0.6036955714225769,
-0.4732588231563568,
0.053463663905858994,
0.011984382756054401,
-0.06311198323965073,
0.5012227892875671,
-0.03657727688550949,
0.44572341442108154,
-0.07921723276376724,
0.015982016921043396,
0.33050140738487244,
0.6529843807220459,
0.382219135761261,
0.3715119957923889,
-0.23912832140922546,
0.3911064565181732,
-0.6804500818252563,
0.23564092814922333,
0.5203750729560852,
-0.6124964356422424,
-0.07984508574008942,
0.453061044216156,
-0.10813931375741959,
-0.3294815421104431,
0.44719788432121277,
0.6690086722373962,
0.036137428134679794,
-0.27060800790786743,
0.015525979921221733,
0.39815354347229004,
0.15891462564468384,
0.043875519186258316,
-0.23793968558311462,
-0.5399662852287292,
-0.4061163067817688,
0.0740460455417633,
-0.3884959816932678,
0.2609558403491974,
0.10289974510669708,
0.567457914352417,
0.3851112127304077,
-0.2605835497379303,
-0.45359158515930176,
-0.42699095606803894,
-0.00635131262242794,
-0.005947175435721874,
-1.0924731492996216,
0.7748667001724243,
-0.8646036386489868,
-0.381702184677124,
-0.649225115776062,
-0.3180566728115082,
-0.37836915254592896,
-0.9153993725776672,
0.4323066473007202,
-0.595853328704834,
-0.20368383824825287,
0.6188445687294006,
0.5336215496063232,
-0.21682891249656677,
0.25288334488868713,
-0.16564622521400452
]
|
128315 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B6dert%C3%A4lje%20Municipality | SΓΆdertΓ€lje Municipality | SΓΆdertΓ€lje Municipality (SΓΆdertΓ€lje kommun) is a municipality in Stockholm County in east central Sweden. Its seat is located in the city of SΓΆdertΓ€lje.
It borders to Lake MΓ€laren in the north and the Baltic Sea in the south, and within the Stockholm County to Nykvarn Municipality and Salem Municipality and also border SΓΆdermanland County and its municipals Gnesta and Trosa.
The municipality was created 1967β1971 through the amalgamation of the former City of SΓΆdertΓ€lje with large rural and suburban areas surrounding it. In 1999, it was split when a new entity, Nykvarn Municipality, was detached from SΓΆdertΓ€lje Municipality.
Economy
Two big industries dominate SΓΆdertΓ€lje. Scania AB is a world leading manufacturer of trucks and busses and employed over 9,000 people. AstraZeneca is an international manufacturer of drugs (medicine) employing over 3,000 people. The municipal SΓΆdertΓ€lje itself employs over 5,600 people including teachers and people working with elderly people.
SΓΆdertΓ€lje has a canal, SΓΆdertΓ€lje Canal, that is very important for the ships who want to reach the big lake MΓ€laren from the Baltic Sea.
Demography
SΓΆdertΓ€lje has the fifth largest number of Finnish-speaking Sweden Finns in Sweden: 11,000, or around 13 per cent of the city population. Thus, taken together, Finns and Estimated 120,000 Assyrians in Sweden and account for 40 per cent of the inhabitants of the city.
Population development
Localities
Gnesta (minor part of)
HΓΆlΓΆ
JΓ€rna
MΓΆlnbo
SΓΆdertΓ€lje (seat)
Elections
Riksdag
These are the local results of the Riksdag elections since the 1972 municipality reform. The results of the Sweden Democrats were not published by SCB between 1988 and 1998 at a municipal level to the party's small nationwide size at the time. "Votes" denotes valid votes, whereas "Turnout" denotes also blank and invalid votes.
Blocs
This lists the relative strength of the socialist and centre-right blocs since 1973, but parties not elected to the Riksdag are inserted as "other", including the Sweden Democrats results from 1988 to 2006, but also the Christian Democrats pre-1991 and the Greens in 1982, 1985 and 1991. The sources are identical to the table above. The coalition or government mandate marked in bold formed the government after the election. New Democracy got elected in 1991 but are still listed as "other" due to the short lifespan of the party. "Elected" is the total number of percentage points from the municipality that went to parties who were elected to the Riksdag.
Notable people
BjΓΆrn Borg, former tennis player
Johan Edlund, singer and leader of the bands Tiamat and Lucyfire
Tom Wandell, NHL Player
International relations
The municipality is twinned with:
Struer Municipality, Denmark
PΓ€rnu, Estonia
Forssa, Finland
Angers, France
Sarpsborg, Norway
References
External links
SΓΆdertΓ€lje Municipality - Official site
Municipalities of Stockholm County | [
0.1560276448726654,
0.04320673272013664,
-0.017752205953001976,
0.24954012036323547,
-0.6851646304130554,
0.06494668871164322,
1.2765462398529053,
-0.4685154855251312,
-0.5399562120437622,
-0.47005218267440796,
0.16540668904781342,
-0.302018940448761,
-0.4785310924053192,
-0.17671170830726624,
-1.1106623411178589,
0.14204049110412598,
0.3907098174095154,
1.0660396814346313,
0.08363001048564911,
-0.4996805489063263,
-0.27672937512397766,
-0.11233489215373993,
-0.27620866894721985,
0.7787063717842102,
0.4680193066596985,
-0.18066401779651642,
0.19498564302921295,
0.8502161502838135,
0.43992123007774353,
0.15296344459056854,
-0.15216554701328278,
1.0374200344085693,
-0.36796480417251587,
-0.03797973692417145,
0.27802225947380066,
-0.2343226820230484,
-0.29835212230682373,
-0.802222490310669,
0.1998959332704544,
0.4045941233634949,
-0.7391279339790344,
0.5646625757217407,
-0.7010179758071899,
-0.03963617607951164,
0.7078044414520264,
-1.3190889358520508,
-1.2819318771362305,
0.4647383391857147,
-0.8924800157546997,
0.8695629239082336,
-0.9288375973701477,
0.30622297525405884,
-0.5242459774017334,
0.9309872984886169,
-0.1757725328207016,
-0.41291195154190063,
-0.3982025384902954,
0.8389965891838074,
-0.17689505219459534,
0.7172510027885437,
-0.03536798804998398,
0.14962340891361237,
-0.40733280777931213,
-0.6255403757095337,
0.5586279630661011,
-0.1504778116941452,
0.3854314982891083,
0.3462201654911041,
-0.2579680383205414,
-0.6967653632164001,
-0.6383345127105713,
0.7405339479446411,
0.008464242331683636,
-0.03036060556769371,
0.3602437674999237,
-0.8020631670951843,
0.3571450710296631,
-0.27923622727394104,
0.054248616099357605,
-0.43508821725845337,
-0.18191242218017578,
-0.04055725783109665,
0.8266206979751587,
0.6976680755615234,
0.2930578589439392,
-0.06090669333934784,
-1.0029642581939697,
-0.7072920799255371,
-0.11907513439655304,
0.1477591097354889,
0.23219341039657593,
0.4482976198196411,
0.071015864610672,
-0.19478949904441833,
0.4822334051132202,
0.3402620851993561,
-0.5081574320793152,
0.3414057791233063,
-0.18537677824497223,
0.9175886511802673,
-0.49826887249946594,
0.565561830997467,
0.2451939582824707,
0.15208569169044495,
-0.2734294831752777,
-0.3543684780597687,
-0.3877532184123993,
0.00029619786073453724,
-0.3808771073818207,
0.09044986963272095,
-0.9229932427406311,
0.2802455425262451,
-0.3093390464782715,
-0.4593989849090576,
0.18790635466575623,
0.13393940031528473,
-0.21308474242687225,
0.25553441047668457,
-0.08403999358415604,
0.26422810554504395,
0.0589439831674099,
0.8444735407829285,
0.08898181468248367,
0.054470621049404144,
0.3142561912536621,
-0.5423973202705383,
-0.1819564402103424,
0.6750550866127014,
-0.07839852571487427,
0.37444037199020386,
0.33049914240837097,
0.8160414099693298,
-0.881730318069458,
0.0441361740231514,
0.04899396374821663,
0.1496422290802002,
0.026706742122769356,
0.6975765228271484,
0.060931287705898285,
0.41771361231803894,
-0.9356717467308044,
0.1288597732782364,
-0.40311846137046814,
-0.4204917550086975,
0.2038518786430359,
-0.2681110203266144,
-0.3781099319458008,
-0.4109048545360565,
-0.5750051140785217,
-0.27303290367126465,
1.1377707719802856,
0.20815417170524597,
0.014778603799641132,
0.3612930178642273,
-0.17413966357707977,
0.3574451804161072,
-0.4585491120815277,
-0.09765450656414032,
-0.0016454984433948994,
0.48664894700050354,
0.4490794837474823,
-0.44559475779533386,
0.46673446893692017,
-0.6242309212684631,
0.18693457543849945,
0.062107544392347336,
-0.0901687741279602,
0.8204103708267212,
1.0541505813598633,
-0.22392858564853668,
-0.6406238675117493,
-0.8248282074928284,
0.6017858982086182,
-0.5736249089241028,
0.4297841787338257,
-0.42168742418289185,
-0.3299886882305145,
0.23017704486846924,
0.28350308537483215,
0.006355465855449438,
-0.9771153926849365,
-0.14166103303432465,
-0.07804278284311295,
-0.12868443131446838,
-0.20017611980438232,
0.8078067302703857,
0.2894750237464905,
0.2030183970928192,
-0.20710782706737518,
0.2702489197254181,
-0.5034394860267639,
-0.5054956674575806,
0.9988439679145813,
0.770308256149292,
1.0210984945297241,
0.12505459785461426,
-0.18806453049182892,
0.0016746999463066459,
-0.26415061950683594,
-0.18534058332443237,
-0.0694691613316536,
-0.6743806004524231,
0.10079208016395569,
-0.36756983399391174,
0.11455263942480087,
0.5575101971626282,
-0.11191064864397049,
-0.05417885258793831,
-0.6108943223953247,
0.9311244487762451,
-0.6945072412490845,
-0.7332744598388672,
0.8825735449790955,
0.6041946411132812,
-0.2987326681613922,
-0.2471376210451126,
-0.05536636337637901,
0.06168823689222336,
0.18005743622779846,
-0.49812254309654236,
0.5808708667755127,
0.1695679873228073,
-0.375354528427124,
-0.15968331694602966,
-0.022824563086032867,
0.48834356665611267,
0.4497299790382385,
1.3399356603622437,
-0.0369708351790905,
-0.2586855888366699,
0.7037714719772339,
-0.2872490882873535,
0.7276718020439148,
-0.03317425027489662,
-0.12458759546279907,
-0.5945680737495422,
-0.06381028145551682,
0.38708508014678955,
-0.030228491872549057,
-0.5212005376815796,
0.14543354511260986,
0.09050199389457703,
-0.23734891414642334,
-0.2450162172317505,
0.8161720633506775,
1.2582734823226929,
-0.6372557282447815,
-0.16893017292022705,
0.08547735214233398,
-0.3956223428249359,
-0.4239656627178192,
-0.11171697080135345,
0.06873595714569092,
-0.5404173731803894,
-0.121951162815094,
-0.11436043679714203,
0.2342115193605423,
0.5473194122314453,
0.25289279222488403,
0.42644551396369934,
-0.179003044962883,
0.029683586210012436,
0.305549681186676,
0.33723780512809753,
-0.7994298934936523,
-0.40749382972717285,
0.02677927538752556,
-0.5891575813293457,
0.8497672080993652,
-0.04278959333896637,
0.05500541627407074,
-0.6878130435943604,
-0.3756997287273407,
-0.25601404905319214,
-0.03065633587539196,
-0.36326438188552856,
-0.08451715111732483,
-0.1670570820569992,
-0.4183487594127655,
-0.02934602089226246,
0.37417393922805786,
0.7590180039405823,
-0.09862148016691208,
-1.2541186809539795,
-0.2044816017150879,
-0.04471690580248833,
0.4256196916103363,
0.43148091435432434,
-0.06974458694458008,
-0.43458691239356995,
-0.8198875188827515,
0.5119221210479736,
-0.5921786427497864,
-0.15582360327243805,
0.3279701769351959,
0.015821386128664017,
-0.2877339720726013,
0.3529743552207947,
0.6213139295578003,
-0.16834275424480438,
-0.8941836357116699,
0.3248736560344696,
0.023968636989593506,
0.5855135321617126,
-0.43526238203048706,
-0.12912794947624207,
-0.23625315725803375,
-0.19061334431171417,
-4.189258098602295,
0.14110763370990753,
-0.261321097612381,
-0.022493524476885796,
0.0649956613779068,
0.3293018043041229,
0.21968388557434082,
-0.7221396565437317,
0.29731255769729614,
0.13536648452281952,
0.35428524017333984,
-0.46026375889778137,
0.6200313568115234,
1.1525802612304688,
0.30681779980659485,
0.4382205009460449,
0.16610126197338104,
-0.2017049342393875,
-0.14527618885040283,
-0.010468147695064545,
-0.29199936985969543,
-0.23224785923957825,
-0.6896524429321289,
0.1836821287870407,
0.393402099609375,
0.26409071683883667,
0.040608786046504974,
-0.38583335280418396,
-0.2529032230377197,
-0.5385016202926636,
0.4445217251777649,
-0.32388031482696533,
0.24951381981372833,
0.04475037381052971,
-0.6777450442314148,
0.2485797107219696,
0.6981461048126221,
1.0546191930770874,
0.05580529570579529,
-0.739641547203064,
0.14900299906730652,
1.308457374572754,
-0.06371624767780304,
-0.6097492575645447,
0.3022807240486145,
-0.08263276517391205,
-1.392768144607544,
0.06305099278688431,
-0.9291172027587891,
1.116142749786377,
0.46277332305908203,
-0.45098650455474854,
0.7930474877357483,
-0.10496538132429123,
-0.08734387904405594,
-0.3965963125228882,
0.5225364565849304,
-0.47033965587615967,
-0.13279089331626892,
0.7020024061203003,
0.48643410205841064,
0.36745592951774597,
-0.6096835732460022,
-0.9989868402481079,
-0.08846908062696457,
0.13204874098300934,
0.47575318813323975,
0.8131726980209351,
0.7226079702377319,
-0.05200258642435074,
0.2572343349456787,
0.12415334582328796,
-0.7329314351081848,
-1.0115644931793213,
-0.7236245274543762,
-0.8832870721817017,
-0.4463697373867035,
-0.5681248307228088,
-0.01355145312845707,
0.09518955647945404,
-0.6903377175331116,
-0.28896450996398926,
0.048577845096588135,
0.5559285879135132,
0.14977532625198364,
-0.570723295211792,
-0.243780717253685,
-0.37014132738113403,
0.2830185294151306,
-0.9189120531082153,
0.06261706352233887,
-0.06146310642361641,
-0.011271091178059578,
0.44252610206604004,
-0.3461493253707886,
0.6296457648277283,
-0.1543169915676117,
-0.43344396352767944,
0.11962554603815079,
-0.9904940128326416,
1.4796360731124878,
-0.13316184282302856,
0.3738900423049927,
0.18179303407669067,
-0.5549717545509338,
-0.13752664625644684,
0.5783364176750183,
0.4454587996006012,
-0.4313913881778717,
0.310494601726532,
0.12139454483985901,
0.1437930464744568,
-0.6157614588737488,
-1.0547446012496948,
1.104939341545105,
-0.17720943689346313,
-0.37655189633369446,
1.0848922729492188,
-0.09410122781991959,
-0.06284721940755844,
0.32951128482818604,
0.22250203788280487,
0.600541889667511,
0.2551659643650055,
-0.1014503762125969,
-0.18213266134262085,
-0.08514628559350967,
0.37202054262161255,
0.27237647771835327,
0.36422327160835266,
0.5572448372840881,
0.171865314245224,
-0.6887802481651306,
-0.35712888836860657,
-0.08111298084259033,
-0.12571711838245392,
-0.5533083081245422,
0.3005475103855133,
0.14523977041244507,
0.21535950899124146,
0.9670224785804749,
-0.23129667341709137,
-0.07009202241897583,
0.19363094866275787,
-0.7453585267066956,
0.41914594173431396,
-0.20135723054409027,
0.5072392225265503,
-1.1220992803573608,
-0.36275187134742737,
-1.5403809547424316,
-0.6758530735969543,
0.18717171251773834,
-1.2543509006500244,
0.508942186832428,
-0.6897974014282227,
0.2780241072177887,
0.2664586305618286,
-0.2563486695289612,
-0.42323821783065796,
0.20502372086048126,
-0.6597578525543213,
-1.1187855005264282,
0.42876946926116943,
0.38075971603393555,
0.06537766754627228,
-0.7405929565429688,
-0.12337809056043625,
-0.5933176279067993,
0.528209924697876,
-0.4862307906150818,
-1.625855565071106,
-0.8507038950920105,
-0.4086233079433441,
-0.16001375019550323,
-0.7913066744804382,
0.21194501221179962,
-0.14305107295513153,
-1.0908796787261963,
-0.1698489636182785,
-0.007703132461756468,
0.33858999609947205,
-0.2307552844285965,
0.5577890872955322,
0.6175928115844727,
-0.46059083938598633,
-0.6625232100486755,
-0.08791151642799377,
-0.39212873578071594,
-0.6227177381515503,
0.6928160786628723,
0.0382729209959507,
0.3594156503677368,
-0.07510142028331757,
0.47273018956184387,
-1.2180482149124146,
0.29871365427970886,
-0.9155910015106201,
0.024803526699543,
-0.7462186813354492,
0.2547733783721924,
0.5060423016548157,
0.46959158778190613,
1.0788261890411377,
0.24324242770671844,
-0.4777839183807373,
0.5213899612426758,
1.212721586227417,
-0.5485173463821411,
0.2876094579696655,
-0.8797223567962646,
-0.6117826104164124,
-0.04580019414424896,
0.07904001325368881,
-0.22755399346351624,
-0.25052881240844727,
0.520729660987854,
-0.33370134234428406,
-0.6955670714378357,
-0.17644719779491425,
-1.0304162502288818,
-0.3696677088737488,
-0.1951722502708435,
-0.600269079208374,
-0.5600720643997192,
0.43511492013931274,
-0.4149782657623291,
-0.30478569865226746,
1.1403993368148804,
-0.7584474086761475,
0.7561700940132141,
0.13779377937316895,
0.6187096834182739,
-0.196308434009552,
-0.2454710155725479,
0.2930607795715332,
-0.004320628009736538,
0.3889535069465637,
0.5107418298721313,
0.28925809264183044,
0.5983070731163025,
0.9189508557319641,
-0.40249860286712646,
-0.02064402587711811,
0.23393826186656952,
-0.1534498780965805,
0.6862993240356445,
-0.05265224352478981,
-0.7840456962585449,
0.4568864703178406,
-0.26162970066070557,
-0.274992436170578,
0.15501190721988678,
0.46610021591186523,
1.4636396169662476,
0.2299046367406845,
-0.2843368351459503,
1.1812430620193481,
0.27069875597953796,
0.37107139825820923,
0.19490712881088257,
-0.06652827560901642,
-0.26005885004997253,
0.26577869057655334,
0.44809597730636597,
0.3549233675003052,
0.4382784366607666,
-0.0936804711818695,
1.1726073026657104,
-0.2482687532901764,
-0.5523819923400879,
-0.21992923319339752,
0.8403265476226807,
-0.07725101709365845,
-0.24201345443725586,
-0.017000216990709305,
0.0057237581349909306,
-0.4467744529247284,
0.3072945177555084,
-0.32567092776298523,
0.16356204450130463,
0.3826749622821808,
-0.22561395168304443,
0.03550129383802414,
-0.15595829486846924,
-0.34151285886764526,
-0.05239129811525345,
-0.25143805146217346,
-0.7025360465049744,
0.3200753331184387,
-0.09190981835126877,
-0.3322013318538666,
0.288122296333313,
0.4843270182609558,
0.2533213794231415,
0.7243508100509644,
-0.09965551644563675,
0.28093934059143066,
-0.27586808800697327,
0.1541808694601059,
-0.6899034380912781,
-0.23636169731616974,
-0.4861162304878235,
0.17494627833366394,
0.29887089133262634,
0.4754652678966522,
-0.48752501606941223,
0.20505273342132568,
-0.5331102609634399,
0.32981863617897034,
0.03549367934465408,
-0.34079062938690186,
-0.13163654506206512,
1.3365669250488281,
-0.974012017250061,
0.13821162283420563,
0.6146402359008789,
-0.5469567179679871,
-0.0656711682677269,
0.5601782202720642,
-0.0029347229283303022,
0.8536878228187561,
-0.053889818489551544,
0.2135295420885086,
0.09851779043674469,
1.1481305360794067,
0.6012022495269775,
0.4691218137741089,
0.278677761554718,
-0.9039222002029419,
-0.2949686050415039,
-0.08373366296291351,
-0.7141222357749939,
0.8599739074707031,
-0.6183538436889648,
0.1482352614402771,
0.3555450439453125,
-0.22372882068157196,
-0.14904052019119263,
0.39571675658226013,
-0.41443392634391785,
1.0367984771728516,
-0.13484641909599304,
0.46306395530700684,
0.2060430943965912,
-0.21265771985054016,
0.5444376468658447,
-0.18777677416801453,
-0.05566882714629173,
-0.3138675391674042,
0.03212776780128479,
-0.025640306994318962,
0.48182669281959534,
-0.044632431119680405,
-0.46275389194488525,
0.1715572625398636,
-0.20049035549163818,
-0.05226115509867668,
-0.7385936379432678,
0.011421618051826954,
-0.12625548243522644,
-0.5277801752090454,
-0.2628418505191803,
0.5974804759025574,
-0.4028453528881073,
-1.0160844326019287,
-0.05644173547625542,
-0.1098950132727623,
0.09804897010326385,
1.103243350982666,
-0.3399907946586609,
-0.3139229118824005,
-0.00575634278357029,
-0.7931617498397827,
-0.14067505300045013,
0.2777213156223297,
0.17163647711277008,
0.6168019771575928,
-0.20696523785591125,
1.1034903526306152,
0.5845750570297241,
0.7714924812316895,
-0.07052699476480484,
-0.8610228896141052,
0.013332556933164597,
0.07853247225284576,
-0.4097394049167633,
0.1754191517829895,
0.17078693211078644,
0.22352954745292664,
0.7861980199813843,
-0.20790545642375946,
0.1829470694065094,
0.7997545003890991,
-0.971122682094574,
-0.1077556386590004,
-0.279707133769989,
0.355898380279541,
0.6652503609657288,
-0.7764531970024109,
-0.06741835176944733,
0.19042889773845673,
-0.5491499900817871,
-0.11348386853933334,
-0.0870625376701355,
0.7300812005996704,
-0.2178933322429657,
0.09691046923398972,
0.26064303517341614,
0.4981633424758911,
0.36386725306510925,
0.585367739200592,
-0.271366149187088,
0.5230668187141418,
-0.9485640525817871,
0.6029746532440186,
0.21051494777202606,
-0.7375876903533936,
0.06152602657675743,
0.5492104887962341,
0.11335711926221848,
-0.07598641514778137,
0.49035879969596863,
0.7348524332046509,
-0.010029255412518978,
-0.07485081255435944,
-0.11849167943000793,
0.20134805142879486,
0.36501067876815796,
-0.09974692761898041,
0.00121984479483217,
-0.5989764332771301,
-0.1239757314324379,
-0.3643128275871277,
0.22573119401931763,
0.14067082107067108,
-0.19014081358909607,
0.4001995325088501,
0.5419220328330994,
-0.41990992426872253,
-0.35573577880859375,
-0.3329060673713684,
-0.1485246866941452,
-0.1418258547782898,
-1.2613848447799683,
0.6213465929031372,
-1.1631158590316772,
-0.7160804271697998,
-0.3445490896701813,
-0.5234853029251099,
-0.1239255964756012,
-1.1774604320526123,
0.8021539449691772,
-0.5795283913612366,
-0.10921800881624222,
0.691626250743866,
0.6027065515518188,
-0.28040751814842224,
0.37078773975372314,
-0.19918657839298248
]
|
128316 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyres%C3%B6%20Municipality | TyresΓΆ Municipality | TyresΓΆ Municipality (TyresΓΆ kommun) is a municipality in Stockholm County in east central Sweden on the coast of the Baltic Sea.
Most of TyresΓΆ Municipality lies within the Stockholm urban area.
History
The first humans arrived in what today is TyresΓΆ Municipality somewhere around the 3rd millennium BC. It would not be until about the 7th century that permanent settlements would start appearing though. There are some graves and other remnants left from this prehistoric time.
The TyresΓΆ estate has its origins in the 14th century. During the 17th century the estate was at its largest, covering nearly the entire current area of the municipality. The TyresΓΆ Palace and TyresΓΆ Church were built during this century, with the palace completed in 1636 and the church in 1640.
TyresΓΆ was an important industrial centre in the Stockholm region between the 16th and 19th centuries, thanks to the watermills that could be built on the streams between the lakes. The waterwheels in the municipal arms represent the three hydropower facilities at Nyfors, Uddby and FollbrinksstrΓΆmmen. The industries included rolling mills, gristmills, forges, paper mills, sawmills, and a brickworks. None of the watermills are left today. The Uddby mill burned down in 1895, and a hydroelectric power plant was built in its place, which still stands today and is the only such plant in the Stockholm area.
During the early 20th century, the large land area of the TyresΓΆ estate began to be divided into lots, and summer cottages began to be built. Some quite luxurious ones were built in the Brevik area. The rate of construction increased rapidly in the early decades of the century. From the 1950s onwards, the summer cottages began to be converted into year-round dwellings at a rapid pace.
From the 1950s onwards, Bollmora experienced a huge expansion rate, especially after the legislation Lex Bollmora in 1959 which allowed municipal real estate companies to operate in other municipalities than their own. A municipal centre formed in Bollmora, Bollmora Centrum, which was inaugurated in 1965. The Million Programme put its distinctive print on TyresΓΆ as well, especially Bollmora: many of the apartment building areas come from that programme.
During the expansive phase from the 1950s onwards, the population of TyresΓΆ has grown from about 5,000 to just over 44,000 at present.
The Bollmora Centrum was rebuilt in the early 1990s to be an enclosed shopping centre, and renamed TyresΓΆ Centrum.
In August 1999 a large wildfire destroyed about 10% of the Tyresta National Park.
Subdivisions
There are no administrative subdivisions of TyresΓΆ Municipality, but there are some other formal and less formal subdivisions.
Districts
There are three main districts in TyresΓΆ. This is a kind of everyday reference subdivision to refer to the different main parts of the municipality.
Bollmora in the northwest β consisting of apartment buildings of about 2-8 stories high, terraced houses and detached houses and some industrial areas. The municipal centre, TyresΓΆ centre, is located here.
TrollbΓ€cken in west β consisting mostly of detached houses.
Gamla TyresΓΆ ("Old TyresΓΆ") in the east and south. The eastern area consists of detached, semiβdetached, and terraced houses, and summer cottages, a large part of which are being converted to year-round use. The TyresΓΆ Palace and TyresΓΆ Church from the 17th century are located here. In the south there is a large forest, containing about half of the Tyresta National Park on the TyresΓΆ side.
Urban areas
Population of urban areas within municipal borders, as of 2000:
Brevik peninsula: 1,556
Raksta: 537
Stockholm (part of): 36,483
Residential areas
Number or inhabitants per residential area :
Bollmora: 14 861
TrollbΓ€cken: 11 916
Krusboda: 3 773
TyresΓΆ Strand: 3 517
Γringe: 2 536
BrevikshalvΓΆn: 2 101
Lindalen: 1 828
South/East TyresΓΆ: 860
"Unspecified": 84
Total: 41,476
Geography
The vast bulk of TyresΓΆ lies on the SΓΆdertΓΆrn peninsula, with some islands in the Baltic sea, of which ΓgnΓΆ and HΓ€rsΓΆ are the largest ones. There are many lakes in TyresΓΆ, being part of the TyresΓ₯n Lake System. In the south there is a large old forest of which a part is in the Tyresta national park, and other large parts are in other nature reserves.
The terrain is typical for the region, low hills and valleys formed by the last ice age. The highest point is at Telegrafberget, above sea level.
TyresΓΆ has a land border with Stockholm in the northwest, with Nacka in the north, and with Haninge in the south, a lake border with Huddinge in the west, and a sea border with VΓ€rmdΓΆ in the east and northeast.
Demography
Population development
Residents with a foreign background
On the 31st of December 2017 the number of people with a foreign background (persons born outside of Sweden or with two parents born outside of Sweden) was 10Β 283, or 21.74% of the population (47Β 304 on the 31st of December 2017). On the 31st of December 2002 the number of residents with a foreign background was (per the same definition) 7Β 108, or 17.90% of the population (39Β 720 on the 31st of December 2002). On 31 December 2017 there were 47Β 304 residents in TyresΓΆ, of which 7Β 710 people (16.30%) were born in a country other than Sweden. Divided by country in the table below - the Nordic countries as well as the 12 most common countries of birth outside of Sweden for Swedish residents have been included, with other countries of birth bundled together by continent by Statistics Sweden.
Public transportation
TyresΓΆ is served by the county-wide public transport system operated by AB Storstockholms Lokaltrafik.
TyresΓΆ is one of the few municipalities in Stockholm County without rail connections. Most of the bus routes connect to the Stockholm Metro at Gullmarsplan, but there are also buses running directly to and from central Stockholm.
Twin towns
TyresΓΆ is twinned with:
CΔsis, Latvia (since 1991)
Porvoo, Finland (since 1966)
Savigny-le-Temple, France (since 1985)
Wejherowo, Poland (since 1993)
Notable natives and residents
Ingvar Carlsson, politician β former Prime Minister of Sweden
Tony Magnusson, professional skateboarder in the 1980s and 1990s; owner of the Osiris Shoe Company
Thomas Enqvist, tennis player
Peter Pohl, writer, currently lives in TyresΓΆ
Johan GarpenlΓΆv, coach of DjurgΓ₯rdens IF Hockey, and former ice hockey player for the Florida Panthers in the U.S. NHL
Elli Avram, Bollywood actress, model, dancer and television personality
Olof Kajbjer, Professional CS:GO player for Faze Clan
Sports
The following sports clubs are located in TyresΓΆ Municipality:
TyresΓΆ FF
TyresΓΆ AFF Royal Crowns
Hanvikens SK
BK Saturnus
References
External links
Stockholm urban area
Municipalities of Stockholm County
Municipal seats of Stockholm County
Swedish municipal seats
Populated places in Stockholm County
Metropolitan Stockholm | [
-0.27002814412117004,
0.08023638278245926,
0.25360381603240967,
0.1108897477388382,
-0.3660094141960144,
0.2838636338710785,
0.6564143896102905,
-0.1967783421278,
-0.4685667157173157,
-0.0360368937253952,
0.1043742448091507,
-0.31337952613830566,
-0.506895899772644,
0.10207273066043854,
-0.29036301374435425,
0.9307050108909607,
-0.17849135398864746,
0.8859342336654663,
0.29502052068710327,
-0.514519214630127,
0.15471284091472626,
0.105842225253582,
0.3699672520160675,
0.3540225625038147,
0.3300212025642395,
0.03573642298579216,
0.6741631627082825,
0.7083396911621094,
-0.3456512987613678,
0.14514629542827606,
-0.1815740466117859,
0.7487431764602661,
-0.6236444115638733,
0.1906498372554779,
0.709365725517273,
-0.053369857370853424,
-0.2679399847984314,
-0.655876636505127,
0.2099544107913971,
-0.2351566106081009,
-0.004501691088080406,
0.3834155797958374,
-0.4440139830112457,
0.3960971236228943,
0.12904323637485504,
-1.0525811910629272,
-1.2570462226867676,
0.983173668384552,
-0.7324224710464478,
0.21900403499603271,
-0.4662370979785919,
0.5780521631240845,
-0.2528815269470215,
0.6675832271575928,
-0.10576341301202774,
-0.15202167630195618,
-0.8980393409729004,
0.3781868815422058,
0.1477685272693634,
-0.02794993855059147,
0.3904300034046173,
0.4492407441139221,
-0.5109459757804871,
-0.3154454231262207,
1.0139646530151367,
-0.2209116518497467,
0.23661743104457855,
0.2328142374753952,
-0.11879809200763702,
-0.7290692329406738,
-0.5556248426437378,
0.25021910667419434,
-0.0260945875197649,
-0.17171840369701385,
0.25090619921684265,
-0.42340585589408875,
-0.13169193267822266,
-0.10373146086931229,
0.3487529754638672,
0.0325496643781662,
0.3012349307537079,
-0.4826049506664276,
1.1333441734313965,
0.09667936712503433,
0.6362319588661194,
-0.4661429524421692,
-0.8842892050743103,
-0.6343581676483154,
-0.5532221794128418,
0.043275073170661926,
0.0598575621843338,
0.3609531819820404,
0.22844870388507843,
-0.2740493416786194,
0.03006635792553425,
-0.14515352249145508,
-0.3137686550617218,
0.3835579454898834,
-0.03409542143344879,
0.6571348905563354,
-0.5084521770477295,
0.29104530811309814,
-0.06578247994184494,
0.10557837039232254,
0.015647592023015022,
-0.13108167052268982,
-0.474723756313324,
0.013557436875998974,
-0.09368254989385605,
0.01361082587391138,
-0.6710781455039978,
0.3853093087673187,
-0.05766163393855095,
-0.3460417091846466,
-0.19606056809425354,
0.25541770458221436,
-0.18835261464118958,
0.08017420768737793,
-0.17117951810359955,
0.33606281876564026,
0.4176473617553711,
0.6244121789932251,
-0.07110412418842316,
0.044265251606702805,
-0.05643341317772865,
-0.5206406712532043,
-0.14479058980941772,
0.5544254779815674,
-0.31139588356018066,
0.32136696577072144,
0.7488595247268677,
0.9782001972198486,
-1.0789670944213867,
0.5934238433837891,
-0.10789754241704941,
-0.07963340729475021,
-0.19585588574409485,
0.5809589624404907,
0.8825439214706421,
0.001469266600906849,
-0.5729736685752869,
0.15108400583267212,
-0.48191994428634644,
-0.344510942697525,
0.11310375481843948,
-0.5073151588439941,
-0.14226698875427246,
-0.3343656063079834,
-0.5904529690742493,
-0.6543018817901611,
0.881885290145874,
0.4567616283893585,
0.006687600631266832,
0.4023197591304779,
-0.3952082395553589,
0.18792088329792023,
-0.18468314409255981,
-0.34820133447647095,
-0.009788376279175282,
0.6352807879447937,
0.1383930891752243,
-0.1922040581703186,
0.18802347779273987,
0.0026783915236592293,
0.33877134323120117,
-0.20664943754673004,
0.1716536581516266,
0.43442702293395996,
0.5932560563087463,
-0.009702971205115318,
-0.9072380065917969,
-0.2105407416820526,
0.7127768397331238,
-0.5330608487129211,
0.45251786708831787,
0.03339141979813576,
0.23220588266849518,
-0.11410240083932877,
0.22437484562397003,
-0.24583949148654938,
-0.7014671564102173,
0.1633254885673523,
0.08122372627258301,
0.01422925479710102,
0.38522574305534363,
0.7133030295372009,
0.5264516472816467,
0.4536263644695282,
-0.06650123745203018,
0.058490090072155,
-0.2996961176395416,
-0.825554609298706,
0.5995234847068787,
0.611424446105957,
1.2515122890472412,
-0.015967177227139473,
-0.29933279752731323,
-0.05003725364804268,
-0.2575414478778839,
0.5217694640159607,
-0.8000686168670654,
-0.7417144179344177,
0.497465044260025,
-0.6779019832611084,
0.21036706864833832,
0.44847768545150757,
0.31255316734313965,
-0.4693160653114319,
-0.2726575434207916,
0.9169646501541138,
-0.12862913310527802,
-0.8576107621192932,
0.33695971965789795,
-0.2712121307849884,
-0.08632100373506546,
-0.6836219429969788,
-0.4275802671909332,
0.13220064342021942,
0.043710604310035706,
0.052514057606458664,
0.5531782507896423,
0.2606024444103241,
-0.1990056335926056,
-0.0942758247256279,
0.3442789912223816,
0.24204878509044647,
0.06641508638858795,
1.118796944618225,
0.03825235366821289,
-0.37201985716819763,
0.43052881956100464,
0.101552315056324,
0.42238396406173706,
-0.05313696339726448,
-0.08632262796163559,
-0.19156119227409363,
-0.31303316354751587,
0.42025935649871826,
0.24592216312885284,
-0.13073696196079254,
-0.07516907155513763,
0.22971589863300323,
-0.6171800494194031,
-0.06298249959945679,
0.8804144263267517,
1.1375004053115845,
-0.271343469619751,
0.3806719481945038,
-0.1267480105161667,
-0.6448380947113037,
0.08204083889722824,
-0.21788227558135986,
-0.19222021102905273,
-0.4116712808609009,
0.28600648045539856,
0.07587331533432007,
0.665181577205658,
0.4443352222442627,
0.20806445181369781,
0.387802392244339,
-1.2679038047790527,
-0.15696054697036743,
0.011876496486365795,
0.22562257945537567,
-0.6113643646240234,
-0.07467731833457947,
-0.5546013712882996,
-0.7767238616943359,
0.8937735557556152,
0.36473366618156433,
0.39412742853164673,
-0.4322046637535095,
-0.5570429563522339,
0.45337679982185364,
0.24934378266334534,
-0.23454947769641876,
-0.10011264681816101,
0.3090633451938629,
-0.8182807564735413,
0.12495262920856476,
0.41508305072784424,
0.737374484539032,
0.12284278124570847,
-1.6972910165786743,
-0.2700594663619995,
-0.02594999596476555,
0.2559677064418793,
0.1983608454465866,
-0.06793568283319473,
-0.6743635535240173,
-0.6297184228897095,
0.2722958028316498,
-0.6888466477394104,
0.34338676929473877,
-0.15761098265647888,
0.08882017433643341,
-0.14310374855995178,
0.18525278568267822,
0.8291022777557373,
-0.3166019320487976,
-0.9156840443611145,
0.714677631855011,
-0.08445663005113602,
0.0025736824609339237,
0.2569606900215149,
-0.38558429479599,
-0.7962144613265991,
-0.5731385350227356,
-4.895188331604004,
0.2565918564796448,
-0.5227420926094055,
-0.1680828481912613,
0.15999718010425568,
0.21337924897670746,
0.6538646817207336,
-0.19172799587249756,
-0.30351242423057556,
-0.1153237447142601,
-0.2471180409193039,
-0.23927249014377594,
0.4177647829055786,
1.1330825090408325,
0.9282719492912292,
0.7518896460533142,
0.8168324828147888,
-0.015557724982500076,
0.02855200320482254,
0.08627427369356155,
-0.1802232712507248,
-0.05135196074843407,
-0.9280964732170105,
0.10054924339056015,
0.5359161496162415,
0.7968736886978149,
-0.10995668917894363,
0.0507567934691906,
-0.6500853896141052,
-0.8076172471046448,
0.12263716012239456,
-0.13921400904655457,
0.302494615316391,
-0.5153383016586304,
0.1544983983039856,
-0.2785394489765167,
0.09874553978443146,
0.7439833879470825,
-0.038202282041311264,
-0.9311093091964722,
0.031674981117248535,
0.9085410833358765,
0.05703212693333626,
-0.33970630168914795,
0.20665468275547028,
-0.143340066075325,
-0.9149736762046814,
0.2446296513080597,
-0.7545344829559326,
1.115710973739624,
0.7594662308692932,
-0.6725040078163147,
0.4316382110118866,
0.05952923372387886,
0.07486315071582794,
-0.5359722971916199,
0.4757855236530304,
-0.29171323776245117,
0.02067641355097294,
0.4334474802017212,
0.35802707076072693,
0.00836483109742403,
-0.843925416469574,
-0.5270887613296509,
-0.6114423274993896,
0.165216863155365,
0.0439927764236927,
-0.0016464483924210072,
0.28281038999557495,
0.12351290136575699,
-0.004896911792457104,
0.09609635174274445,
-0.8476496338844299,
-0.8398358821868896,
-0.5920591354370117,
-0.5081844329833984,
-0.5334019064903259,
-0.0398002453148365,
-0.10428307205438614,
-0.01567867025732994,
-0.323299765586853,
-0.0031226479914039373,
-0.649063229560852,
0.5549744963645935,
-0.05481935665011406,
-0.5143150687217712,
-0.03076894022524357,
-0.11286694556474686,
-0.3033595681190491,
-1.2360726594924927,
0.14071589708328247,
-0.11622876673936844,
0.23602892458438873,
0.0504334382712841,
-0.807479739189148,
0.1891666054725647,
-0.12525516748428345,
-0.08294086158275604,
-0.07787775993347168,
-1.0183303356170654,
1.3035261631011963,
-0.28468313813209534,
0.3673677444458008,
0.11293905228376389,
-0.1790880709886551,
0.11544350534677505,
0.4506334066390991,
0.31833478808403015,
-0.2366892546415329,
0.2860897481441498,
0.07799823582172394,
0.2403886318206787,
-0.2865641713142395,
-1.0282130241394043,
0.9425830841064453,
-0.26362642645835876,
-0.44523292779922485,
0.7621539831161499,
0.06999166309833527,
-0.04574199020862579,
0.6296495199203491,
0.2375122606754303,
0.2790987193584442,
0.10882405936717987,
-0.7989647388458252,
0.17174062132835388,
-0.1109372079372406,
-0.006747460458427668,
0.14395423233509064,
0.35192710161209106,
0.4225997030735016,
0.2685440182685852,
-0.5599527359008789,
-0.4184805750846863,
0.23985464870929718,
-0.5271198153495789,
-0.5586138963699341,
0.19738949835300446,
0.13570481538772583,
0.22581349313259125,
0.8607401847839355,
-0.516477108001709,
0.3043111264705658,
-0.09604361653327942,
-0.39529532194137573,
0.27247071266174316,
0.18947798013687134,
0.1910582333803177,
-0.3362322747707367,
-0.21845734119415283,
-0.8882983326911926,
-0.22950972616672516,
-0.05587073415517807,
-0.9389215111732483,
0.15453797578811646,
-0.298695832490921,
0.4507874846458435,
0.45078080892562866,
0.667867124080658,
-0.5258866548538208,
0.053994011133909225,
-0.5691002607345581,
-1.0617302656173706,
0.23355814814567566,
0.6002023220062256,
-0.4817263185977936,
-0.802196741104126,
-0.3942223787307739,
-0.4342534840106964,
0.8312774896621704,
-0.41935762763023376,
-1.020570158958435,
-0.8219121694564819,
-0.30658966302871704,
-0.018572818487882614,
-0.48758089542388916,
-0.4402448534965515,
0.3491937816143036,
-0.5846793055534363,
-0.2525264024734497,
0.1634027659893036,
0.6296987533569336,
-0.2668718695640564,
0.8315144181251526,
0.664654552936554,
-0.21875859797000885,
-0.6966265439987183,
-0.055755678564310074,
-0.3501143753528595,
-0.5902778506278992,
0.6673643589019775,
0.01677561365067959,
0.4248165786266327,
-0.15604715049266815,
0.22748476266860962,
-1.340257167816162,
0.05239047855138779,
0.0006645653629675508,
-0.20567812025547028,
0.01236333604902029,
0.0151300560683012,
0.8271615505218506,
0.2566935122013092,
0.7859011888504028,
0.09521947056055069,
-0.02235274948179722,
0.2717536985874176,
0.6765161752700806,
-0.6884480714797974,
0.7254425287246704,
-1.1221373081207275,
-0.4066820740699768,
0.24584342539310455,
0.2700280547142029,
-0.9869866371154785,
0.4602813720703125,
0.7146719694137573,
-0.5582953691482544,
-0.9862071871757507,
-0.21199984848499298,
-1.1064046621322632,
-0.37391161918640137,
-0.08582660555839539,
-0.568728506565094,
-0.12911249697208405,
0.37238752841949463,
0.1015336811542511,
-0.35574978590011597,
0.3460780680179596,
-0.29457995295524597,
0.3080430030822754,
-0.4716305136680603,
0.7949652671813965,
-0.2245967984199524,
-0.154423326253891,
0.5310883522033691,
0.1461746096611023,
0.11583347618579865,
0.37529850006103516,
0.4139251708984375,
0.5736891627311707,
0.5742262005805969,
-0.009147237986326218,
-0.14661942422389984,
-0.030331900343298912,
-0.3558007478713989,
0.7004081010818481,
-0.46635201573371887,
-0.7807420492172241,
0.35018035769462585,
-0.3281731903553009,
-0.036660224199295044,
-0.8087323307991028,
0.23752783238887787,
1.310105562210083,
-0.07765901833772659,
0.04944887384772301,
0.9175778031349182,
0.47010406851768494,
0.37775835394859314,
0.5026535391807556,
0.01047538872808218,
0.23501646518707275,
0.1454988569021225,
0.24192608892917633,
0.0902724638581276,
0.14389562606811523,
-0.4794217050075531,
1.3407418727874756,
-0.07614337652921677,
-0.39332395792007446,
0.4386080503463745,
0.8248140811920166,
-0.3702628016471863,
-0.2334369421005249,
0.05760163813829422,
0.035574771463871,
-0.8192387819290161,
0.164986714720726,
-0.224739208817482,
-0.5217657089233398,
0.5436233878135681,
-0.1269100159406662,
-0.22782523930072784,
-0.26261958479881287,
-0.4179820120334625,
-0.48140260577201843,
0.0343509204685688,
-0.6231616735458374,
0.18407051265239716,
0.09456485509872437,
-0.7902140617370605,
-0.1347854733467102,
0.020638812333345413,
0.04322957620024681,
0.26599350571632385,
-0.4752214550971985,
0.4962526559829712,
0.13857142627239227,
0.038496233522892,
-1.1360102891921997,
0.6609888076782227,
-0.13414925336837769,
-0.5088011026382446,
0.25323373079299927,
0.2142823040485382,
-0.3784868121147156,
0.06135087087750435,
0.12346489727497101,
0.011690560728311539,
0.577632486820221,
-0.23479099571704865,
-0.14184987545013428,
0.9023716449737549,
-0.180488720536232,
-0.083852618932724,
0.7454279661178589,
-0.42726773023605347,
-0.050793491303920746,
0.8889702558517456,
0.3350405693054199,
0.5075116157531738,
0.2751304805278778,
-0.06067456677556038,
-0.21733224391937256,
1.3236486911773682,
0.19760391116142273,
0.297162801027298,
0.03831799700856209,
-0.1420130729675293,
0.24413062632083893,
-0.2849874496459961,
-0.745461642742157,
0.7862565517425537,
-0.5681777000427246,
0.33764442801475525,
0.37512198090553284,
-0.490593284368515,
-0.08384568244218826,
0.2705155313014984,
-0.052271220833063126,
0.3368295133113861,
-0.2308385670185089,
0.3996593654155731,
0.39440032839775085,
-0.13496850430965424,
0.09028447419404984,
-0.40912488102912903,
0.16391941905021667,
-0.24790365993976593,
0.17545926570892334,
-0.0021056041587144136,
-0.11901184171438217,
-0.3727215826511383,
-0.4509918987751007,
-0.0638885349035263,
-0.14362722635269165,
-0.5177931189537048,
-0.6862254738807678,
0.17312638461589813,
0.12660089135169983,
-0.3340925872325897,
0.06968643516302109,
0.44930416345596313,
-0.2721436023712158,
-0.687035322189331,
0.5737826228141785,
-0.18664447963237762,
0.28878751397132874,
0.9775483012199402,
0.03447869047522545,
-0.09082166105508804,
0.09729669243097305,
-0.27080923318862915,
0.05802074447274208,
0.1914823204278946,
0.3000083565711975,
0.4131958782672882,
-0.2803212106227875,
0.886014997959137,
-0.2353137880563736,
0.7317054867744446,
0.3313455879688263,
-0.558203935623169,
-0.24968338012695312,
-0.31870976090431213,
0.010184158571064472,
-0.6313793063163757,
0.5503272414207458,
-0.304104208946228,
0.2950935959815979,
-0.3317684531211853,
-0.30207809805870056,
0.5362545847892761,
-0.9889345169067383,
-0.7688937783241272,
-0.2903902232646942,
0.33757537603378296,
0.5375303626060486,
-0.20066003501415253,
0.25411757826805115,
0.1731356531381607,
-0.2506103813648224,
0.38382118940353394,
-0.01899845153093338,
0.3605339229106903,
0.15880265831947327,
0.15762296319007874,
0.3835422694683075,
0.6016302704811096,
0.627871572971344,
0.4845544993877411,
-0.06751134246587753,
0.6140055656433105,
-0.6995572447776794,
0.028337080031633377,
0.19706355035305023,
-0.7865620851516724,
0.1014450415968895,
0.39152291417121887,
0.21666832268238068,
-0.05493904650211334,
0.38544484972953796,
0.21973253786563873,
-0.07762168347835541,
-0.3555535674095154,
-0.3838239908218384,
0.32013818621635437,
-0.012315498664975166,
0.04041742533445358,
-0.5962939858436584,
-0.31580984592437744,
-0.437553733587265,
0.22661536931991577,
-0.23360629379749298,
0.4508689045906067,
-0.43912962079048157,
0.09349744766950607,
0.3056419789791107,
-0.14674408733844757,
-0.10700157284736633,
-0.040359314531087875,
0.054404158145189285,
0.1828470081090927,
-0.029319919645786285,
0.35891982913017273,
-1.0482088327407837,
-0.5933847427368164,
-0.6019623875617981,
0.2213420569896698,
0.06708500534296036,
-0.5796487331390381,
0.32023289799690247,
-0.0851367712020874,
-0.1167217493057251,
-0.00798735860735178,
0.09661518037319183,
-0.6486925482749939,
0.13202686607837677,
-0.0035093361511826515
]
|
128317 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A4by%20Municipality | TΓ€by Municipality | TΓ€by Municipality (TΓ€by kommun) is a municipality north of Stockholm in Stockholm County in east central Sweden. Its seat is located in the town of TΓ€by. TΓ€by Municipality can be characterized as a suburb of Stockholm.
The municipality is one of few in Sweden which has approximately the same size as the original entity created out of TΓ€by parish, when the first local government acts came into force in 1863. It has not been amalgamated with other units, but minor changes of its limits have been carried out.
Localities
For statistical purposes the municipality is divided into two non-administrative urban areas (tΓ€tort). The southern built-up area constituted until 2014 the multimunicipal urban area TΓ€by which was partly situated in Danderyd Municipality. From 2015 it is considered part of Stockholm urban area
The northern built-up area, (TΓ€by kyrkby) is part of the bimunicipal Vallentuna urban area, of which the main part constitutes the seat of Vallentuna Municipality.
Demography
Population development
Income and education
TΓ€by is one of the wealthiest municipalities in Sweden, with the 2nd highest median income per capita. The share of highly educated persons, according to Statistics Sweden's definition: persons with post-secondary education that is three years or longer, is 43.9% and the 6th highest in the country.
Residents with a foreign background
On 31 December 2017 the number of people with a foreign background (persons born outside of Sweden or with two parents born outside of Sweden) was 15Β 429, or 21.91% of the population (70Β 405 on 31 December 2017). On 31 December 2002 the number of residents with a foreign background was (per the same definition) 9Β 760, or 16.21% of the population (60Β 198 on 31 December 2002). On 31 December 2017 there were 70Β 405 residents in TΓ€by, of which 12Β 183 people (17.30%) were born in a country other than Sweden. Divided by country in the table below β the Nordic countries as well as the 12 most common countries of birth outside of Sweden for Swedish residents have been included, with other countries of birth bundled together by continent by Statistics Sweden.
Public transportation
The municipality is served by the Stockholm public transport system through SL. There are twelve stops on all the three branches of the narrow gauge Roslagsbanan suburban railway. There is also bus connection with the Stockholm metro as well as an extensive internal bus network.
History
During the first millennium, TΓ€by was part of the lands of the Svear, known as Svitjod. Remains from this period can be found in more than 37 runestones found in the municipality. In the north of the municipality can be found, the remains of the 11th-century causeway known as Jarlabankes bro. The cross on TΓ€by's coat of arms is found on the Risbylestenen, a runestone, in the northern part of the municipality. It is said that this runestone shows the first signs of Christianity reaching this part of Europe. During the Middle Ages, TΓ€by was part of the Attundaland region.
TΓ€by remained a rural community until the 19th century. Most of the land was owned by the noble families. During the 16th and 17th centuries, most of the land in eastern TΓ€by was owned by the Brahe family of Rydboholm Manor (Rydboholms slott). Other noble families owning land in TΓ€by at different times during this period were BanΓ©r, BΓ₯Γ₯th, Roos, Sparre, Gyllenstierna and Meijerfeldt.
The latter two owned, at different times, NΓ€sby Manor (NΓ€sby Slott) in the southeast of the municipality. By 1790 TΓ€by had a population of approximately 900 people, most of them living on one of the 36 farms. By the end of the 19th century the population had grown to approximately 1,250.
In 1885, the Roslagsbanan narrow-gauge railway was built, connecting TΓ€by with the city of Stockholm. TΓ€by experienced a population expansion. People settled near the railway stations. In 1902 the wealthy engineer Carl Robert Lamm (1856β1938), acquired the burned down NΓ€sby Manor and rebuilt it.
Around the time of the First World War many city dwellers in Stockholm acquired small summer residences in the eastern part of TΓ€by, what is now the district of NΓ€sbypark. By 1919 TΓ€by's population had grown to 3,000. Some years after Second World War TΓ€by increasingly became a suburb of Stockholm, and by 1947 the population had increased to 8,584, concentrated in the southern and eastern parts of the municipality.
In 1948 TΓ€by acquired the title of a "merchant town" (), valid until the reform of 1971. This was also the beginning of the large scale development of TΓ€by, led by the mayor Gustaf Berg. By 1975 the population had increased to 41,307 people.
Today, TΓ€by is considered an attractive suburb to Stockholm with one of the highest median incomes in Sweden.
Politics
TΓ€by has for a long period of time been run by a coalition of centre-right parties. Filippa Reinfeldt, ex-wife of Fredrik Reinfeldt (the former Swedish Prime Minister and former leader of the Moderate Party), had been mayor of TΓ€by for a long time, until Jan Rosenberg, of the Moderate Party, became the current mayor of TΓ€by Municipality.
The slogan of the municipality is today in translation "TΓ€by, the city on the countryside".
Sights
Runestones: There are 37 identified runestones in TΓ€by. Their inscriptions have provided many interesting and useful insights into the life and destinies of the people of the Viking Age. Judging from the inscriptions of the runestones and legends, the most important man at that time was Jarlabanke Ingefastsson (ca. 1000). He has given name to the remains of the Viking era causeway known as Jarlabankes bro.
NΓ€sby Manor: Originally built in the 1660s and designed by Nicodemus Tessin the Elder, NΓ€sby Manor is located in the picturesque and natural setting of NΓ€sbyviken shore. The manor was burned to the ground in 1897, but was rebuilt according to the original design on the initiative of Carl Robert and Dora Lamm who moved into the manor in 1905. Parts of the old manor garden still exist and are being well preserved.
Taby Racecourse: Sweden's largest horse racing track, inaugurated in 1960.
TΓ€by Church: Built in the 13th century. It houses a triptych from the 15th century. The most notable objects are the wall paintings from the medieval times, painted by Albertus Pictor. One of them, Death playing chess, portrays a man playing chess with the Grim Reaper and was the inspiration for the movie director Ingmar Bergman when he made the perhaps best known Swedish movie ever, The Seventh Seal.
TΓ€by Centrum: Sweden's largest shopping mall.
Notable natives
Sara Danius (1962β2019), professor of aesthetics, former permanent secretary of the Swedish Academy
Henrik Holm (b. 1968), professional tennis player
Sara Lumholdt (b. 1984), singer and former member of pop band A*Teens
Kristian Luuk (b. 1966), comedian and talk show-host
Eric Prydz (b. 1976), DJ and producer
Fredrik Reinfeldt (b. 1965), politician, Prime Minister of Sweden 2006β2014
Filippa Reinfeldt (b. 1967), politician, former Mayor and Commissioner of TΓ€by, Commissioner of Health Services of Stockholm County 2006β2014, former wife of Fredrik Reinfeldt
Johan Rheborg (b. 1963), comedian
Stig EngstrΓΆm (1935-2000), suspected murderer of Olof Palme
Sister towns
TΓ€by is twinned with the following municipalities:
JÀrvenpÀÀ, Finland
LΓΈrenskog Municipality, Norway
Reinbek, Germany
RΓΈdovre Municipality, Denmark
Viimsi Parish, Estonia
Gallery
References
External links
TΓ€by Galopp β Provides a page in English
TΓ€by Centrum
Municipalities of Stockholm County
Metropolitan Stockholm | [
0.04063115268945694,
0.24796856939792633,
0.05170026049017906,
-0.023545915260910988,
-0.7411482930183411,
0.14323687553405762,
1.119439959526062,
-0.12323469668626785,
-0.46076500415802,
0.02154250256717205,
-0.0519685372710228,
-0.509820282459259,
-0.5451549291610718,
0.11159593611955643,
-0.6775579452514648,
0.8850263357162476,
0.5495414137840271,
0.7928268909454346,
0.13031215965747833,
-0.7700096368789673,
0.20506824553012848,
-0.20729397237300873,
-0.08358046412467957,
0.28026339411735535,
0.16764186322689056,
0.3266458213329315,
0.4487094581127167,
1.0941150188446045,
0.028174033388495445,
-0.06487478315830231,
-0.6183561682701111,
0.7047557830810547,
-0.28215816617012024,
0.08623373508453369,
0.6041565537452698,
0.20449981093406677,
-0.28134170174598694,
-0.7220314741134644,
0.4618350565433502,
-0.061220597475767136,
-0.30518683791160583,
0.6166337132453918,
-0.2325679510831833,
0.573987603187561,
0.1146683469414711,
-1.369838833808899,
-1.0339138507843018,
0.6941497921943665,
-1.2575401067733765,
0.2876153588294983,
-0.7289345264434814,
0.47202059626579285,
-0.12995430827140808,
0.3715139925479889,
-0.03005904145538807,
-0.3204415738582611,
-0.7986088395118713,
0.4609661400318146,
-0.09435377269983292,
0.47749823331832886,
0.10682990401983261,
0.26419878005981445,
-0.31630590558052063,
-0.6576637625694275,
0.6374984383583069,
-0.21872813999652863,
-0.027268685400485992,
0.25123846530914307,
0.14361341297626495,
-0.3687243163585663,
-0.8195723295211792,
0.4752368628978729,
-0.05937075614929199,
-0.2764570116996765,
-0.05284583568572998,
-0.6079370379447937,
-0.1851663738489151,
0.14056368172168732,
0.805983304977417,
-0.06601843237876892,
0.331187903881073,
-0.4402722418308258,
0.8159006834030151,
0.24881044030189514,
0.5645508170127869,
0.22254608571529388,
-1.126917839050293,
-0.5974234342575073,
-0.3673079013824463,
0.1683943271636963,
-0.0277301836758852,
0.3417089581489563,
0.0817338228225708,
0.24645207822322845,
-0.21429046988487244,
-0.4958936274051666,
-0.23048537969589233,
-0.035322535783052444,
0.2662724554538727,
0.8079898357391357,
-0.2136581838130951,
0.06585598737001419,
0.35001301765441895,
0.5068995952606201,
0.0643858015537262,
-0.40411242842674255,
-0.4803321659564972,
-0.4306492507457733,
-0.4185187816619873,
-0.5578917264938354,
-1.0764923095703125,
0.14405511319637299,
-0.2984222173690796,
-0.3863604664802551,
0.03622147813439369,
0.48084837198257446,
0.013153105042874813,
-0.04271339625120163,
-0.3088349997997284,
0.21148210763931274,
-0.26688694953918457,
1.0581622123718262,
-0.17121796309947968,
-0.21250317990779877,
0.2370593100786209,
-0.3457079529762268,
0.050292227417230606,
0.5089142322540283,
0.08842850476503372,
1.2416496276855469,
0.3828217089176178,
0.9379023313522339,
-0.48507288098335266,
0.12329738587141037,
0.2894475758075714,
-0.40991300344467163,
-0.1367224007844925,
0.5173481106758118,
0.30612778663635254,
-0.04044906422495842,
-1.2411552667617798,
0.25311917066574097,
-1.0291614532470703,
-0.26412081718444824,
0.6649982333183289,
0.011716797016561031,
-0.2503981590270996,
-0.4861147701740265,
0.05274093151092529,
-0.12851175665855408,
0.7961323261260986,
0.21084529161453247,
0.08631713688373566,
0.8119910955429077,
-0.8359510898590088,
-0.14800149202346802,
-0.1847572773694992,
-0.4181635081768036,
-0.04667944461107254,
0.5880753397941589,
0.5088878870010376,
-0.4547466039657593,
0.3235480487346649,
-0.6337992548942566,
-0.00394134595990181,
-0.12118776142597198,
0.17622609436511993,
0.6649694442749023,
0.8127083778381348,
0.07280738651752472,
-0.9810307025909424,
-0.4958917498588562,
0.20039571821689606,
-0.5490544438362122,
0.5551919341087341,
-0.0702846571803093,
0.14687201380729675,
-0.2656192481517792,
-0.040684349834918976,
-0.16254374384880066,
-0.6811272501945496,
0.46465057134628296,
0.08381924033164978,
0.0015374327776953578,
-0.10468270629644394,
0.915973961353302,
0.11196319013834,
0.0440247505903244,
0.019543783739209175,
0.024058518931269646,
-0.007999674417078495,
-0.29476770758628845,
0.8048477172851562,
0.7275750637054443,
1.054032802581787,
-0.16151286661624908,
-0.30056440830230713,
0.08359954506158829,
-0.02265710011124611,
0.3585549592971802,
-0.5972459316253662,
-0.570927619934082,
0.48762571811676025,
-0.11142134666442871,
-0.03732788935303688,
1.4848765134811401,
0.43693411350250244,
0.08850554376840591,
-0.43519410490989685,
1.1168465614318848,
-0.33734676241874695,
-0.4492981433868408,
0.5097182989120483,
0.30538642406463623,
-0.4103384017944336,
-0.7303955554962158,
-0.44923609495162964,
-0.002086868043988943,
0.20419535040855408,
-0.3842514157295227,
0.42173439264297485,
0.30331259965896606,
-0.34455886483192444,
-0.19057127833366394,
0.06620968133211136,
0.49226808547973633,
0.33090880513191223,
1.0753464698791504,
0.13105963170528412,
-0.294746071100235,
0.7033129334449768,
0.39185699820518494,
0.7405359148979187,
-0.21479681134223938,
-0.3701815605163574,
-0.47941139340400696,
-0.31508955359458923,
0.15166068077087402,
0.38012194633483887,
-0.09716521203517914,
-0.29184141755104065,
-0.021588759496808052,
-0.16309602558612823,
-0.17589044570922852,
0.5327606797218323,
0.7461679577827454,
-0.25974714756011963,
0.36436334252357483,
-0.049723070114851,
-0.9581983089447021,
0.060270704329013824,
0.08070162683725357,
0.19850698113441467,
-0.5157933831214905,
0.14065289497375488,
-0.08719781041145325,
0.22044555842876434,
0.11353123933076859,
0.04361945390701294,
0.22859667241573334,
-1.0813913345336914,
0.18958380818367004,
0.24585887789726257,
0.11861735582351685,
-1.032935619354248,
-0.2541912794113159,
-0.20481474697589874,
-0.6004565358161926,
0.31627434492111206,
0.07797186821699142,
0.10436923801898956,
-0.7121715545654297,
-0.4293770492076874,
-1.3961918354034424,
-0.15946029126644135,
-0.15640033781528473,
0.04246233403682709,
0.0491156168282032,
-0.8422579169273376,
-0.10260912775993347,
0.39442959427833557,
0.8997692465782166,
0.06028847396373749,
-1.0176467895507812,
-0.33906957507133484,
-0.37955209612846375,
0.27665838599205017,
0.1020679846405983,
0.03523509204387665,
-0.38229799270629883,
-0.575055718421936,
0.6580793857574463,
-0.5692138671875,
0.037239693105220795,
-0.21021334826946259,
0.018272822722792625,
-0.319036066532135,
0.21339985728263855,
0.374881774187088,
-0.4240165054798126,
-0.1930721402168274,
0.4846440255641937,
0.2382528930902481,
0.2957252562046051,
-0.04560667648911476,
-0.10583878308534622,
-0.18234539031982422,
-0.14292697608470917,
-4.504146099090576,
0.5579249262809753,
-0.48190543055534363,
-0.32429876923561096,
-0.011317183263599873,
0.13443982601165771,
0.6800353527069092,
-0.279317706823349,
-0.23474863171577454,
-0.22934550046920776,
-0.23176202178001404,
-0.15238548815250397,
0.4614078104496002,
1.0266923904418945,
0.7047668099403381,
0.9240821003913879,
0.22649791836738586,
-0.3868854343891144,
0.24848783016204834,
0.3333423137664795,
-0.12015499919652939,
-0.052697207778692245,
-0.7212936878204346,
-0.04752391204237938,
0.6294471621513367,
0.045112770050764084,
-0.20933987200260162,
0.4040118455886841,
-0.33438897132873535,
-0.8692502379417419,
0.5607508420944214,
-0.02804618887603283,
0.3220502734184265,
-0.5882143974304199,
-0.24251674115657806,
0.2365047037601471,
0.35375112295150757,
0.8087179064750671,
-0.0816311314702034,
-0.469600111246109,
-0.1266547590494156,
1.5851731300354004,
0.31873127818107605,
-0.14135503768920898,
0.3570474088191986,
-0.1882064789533615,
-1.1933577060699463,
0.12838377058506012,
-0.6552296876907349,
0.45761746168136597,
0.7575317025184631,
-0.09387548267841339,
0.7916463017463684,
0.3027130663394928,
-0.30383506417274475,
-0.7076994180679321,
0.813949465751648,
-0.3878345489501953,
-0.17527782917022705,
1.1388370990753174,
0.33386170864105225,
-0.03474246338009834,
-0.33376988768577576,
-0.5864492654800415,
-0.017885690554976463,
0.3412432074546814,
0.6116178631782532,
0.588337779045105,
0.5307642221450806,
0.15275485813617706,
0.07280528545379639,
-0.2021896243095398,
-0.7383508086204529,
-0.7298418879508972,
-0.09828291833400726,
-0.6115535497665405,
-0.3565945327281952,
0.013586590997874737,
-0.10261823236942291,
-0.18159668147563934,
0.00686809653416276,
-0.07414399832487106,
-0.500003457069397,
0.7479016184806824,
-0.13906237483024597,
-0.976173996925354,
-0.31730905175209045,
0.2632881999015808,
-0.21600642800331116,
-0.9937837719917297,
0.269099622964859,
0.16998229920864105,
0.332286536693573,
0.16148480772972107,
-0.8025780320167542,
0.5642993450164795,
0.3716343343257904,
-0.3096429109573364,
-0.4290008544921875,
-0.6564745903015137,
0.543379008769989,
-0.23397482931613922,
0.3715781271457672,
-0.2100774645805359,
-0.1671808511018753,
-0.2759183645248413,
0.6833449602127075,
0.524393618106842,
-0.3198377788066864,
0.2364242970943451,
-0.2555966377258301,
0.3647627532482147,
-0.4734858572483063,
-0.7631325125694275,
1.2325408458709717,
-0.08335642516613007,
-0.6441140174865723,
0.6420565843582153,
-0.2209426611661911,
0.31753143668174744,
0.09220468252897263,
0.351985365152359,
0.8392300009727478,
0.23117166757583618,
-1.0316814184188843,
-0.18253561854362488,
0.007417270913720131,
0.3014673888683319,
0.016743643209338188,
0.19406583905220032,
0.34081539511680603,
0.46384865045547485,
-0.374397873878479,
-0.7951897382736206,
-0.152680441737175,
-0.42215946316719055,
0.030237847939133644,
0.0759834498167038,
0.4310092628002167,
-0.23194001615047455,
0.8439816832542419,
-0.6085673570632935,
-0.07583768665790558,
0.38644298911094666,
-0.5928707122802734,
0.24515962600708008,
0.35957953333854675,
0.4620666801929474,
-1.0494815111160278,
0.11078554391860962,
-1.1094012260437012,
-0.6597109436988831,
0.3998015224933624,
-0.637965202331543,
0.45241519808769226,
-0.39878493547439575,
0.5248653888702393,
0.2859691083431244,
0.4510955214500427,
-0.06591305881738663,
0.08243249356746674,
-0.8771669268608093,
-0.7342851161956787,
0.4053756594657898,
0.22658146917819977,
-0.19021010398864746,
-0.48855093121528625,
-0.26524174213409424,
-0.5916867256164551,
0.5961462259292603,
-0.07233867794275284,
-0.8633744716644287,
-0.735863208770752,
-0.5326905846595764,
0.029662560671567917,
-0.5420224666595459,
-0.1126612201333046,
0.1140827015042305,
-0.975675106048584,
-0.11607346683740616,
0.2041684091091156,
0.14912989735603333,
0.11107495427131653,
0.31962651014328003,
0.6575949192047119,
-0.47396090626716614,
-0.6004960536956787,
-0.20173528790473938,
-0.3576996624469757,
-0.9874241948127747,
0.33456099033355713,
-0.1394670158624649,
0.8618565797805786,
-0.16822029650211334,
0.33101534843444824,
-1.424277424812317,
0.19367589056491852,
-0.7338100075721741,
-0.3090921938419342,
-0.7544186115264893,
0.18786126375198364,
0.8264600038528442,
0.10896271467208862,
1.2794110774993896,
0.3312678039073944,
-0.4715833365917206,
0.5142033696174622,
0.7273961305618286,
-0.5613895058631897,
0.42560070753097534,
-0.36822912096977234,
-0.5329554080963135,
0.11726254224777222,
0.3305347263813019,
-0.6701385974884033,
0.04164774343371391,
0.5550289154052734,
-0.2512890100479126,
-0.8954145908355713,
-0.2727564573287964,
-0.4337150454521179,
-0.5504081845283508,
-0.17332667112350464,
-0.5891244411468506,
-0.6553912162780762,
0.14878739416599274,
0.08993633836507797,
-0.5112344622612,
0.9755321741104126,
-0.2696113884449005,
0.3431970477104187,
-0.1249614953994751,
0.7252721786499023,
0.08407433331012726,
-0.6322916150093079,
0.10518602281808853,
-0.5375462770462036,
0.5505582690238953,
0.4392581880092621,
0.22335749864578247,
0.0879054144024849,
0.6166356801986694,
0.21328651905059814,
-0.2720860242843628,
-0.29498276114463806,
-0.37893781065940857,
0.3725937604904175,
-0.04913651943206787,
-1.050166130065918,
0.28697919845581055,
-0.6064382195472717,
-0.468388170003891,
-0.4081350564956665,
0.46593040227890015,
1.1531989574432373,
0.3931905925273895,
-0.17189769446849823,
0.7759135365486145,
0.5032410025596619,
0.4446459412574768,
0.4542677402496338,
0.09536457806825638,
-0.3446536958217621,
0.4866168797016144,
-0.13412390649318695,
0.17719438672065735,
0.3622918426990509,
-0.20709502696990967,
1.2117223739624023,
-0.02478826232254505,
-0.35204148292541504,
-0.32555845379829407,
0.540458619594574,
-0.04162319004535675,
-0.2661251425743103,
-0.04964368790388107,
-0.018592359498143196,
-0.6206190586090088,
-0.06001202017068863,
-0.03215721249580383,
0.3885991871356964,
0.5607746839523315,
0.24510236084461212,
0.06230049207806587,
0.14435286819934845,
-0.06907879561185837,
-0.1598702222108841,
-0.13161487877368927,
-0.925960123538971,
0.17973706126213074,
0.16797485947608948,
-0.31099236011505127,
-0.07234405726194382,
0.14104656875133514,
0.3814736306667328,
0.34844696521759033,
-0.22241942584514618,
0.20767350494861603,
0.08451776206493378,
-0.2294321209192276,
-0.825931191444397,
0.463573694229126,
-0.30479341745376587,
-0.22272412478923798,
0.16880688071250916,
0.07150743156671524,
-0.20233091711997986,
0.24535638093948364,
-0.5050455331802368,
0.402815043926239,
0.1350933462381363,
0.02617168240249157,
0.06133061647415161,
0.9454547762870789,
-0.31959056854248047,
0.11953654140233994,
0.6309419870376587,
-0.06770458817481995,
-0.11214573681354523,
0.5511029362678528,
0.22047142684459686,
0.3586956858634949,
0.464496374130249,
0.3179898262023926,
0.11937296390533447,
0.7362445592880249,
0.23568259179592133,
0.25733572244644165,
0.10655254125595093,
-0.6909791827201843,
0.016610072925686836,
-0.0619882270693779,
-0.3569730818271637,
0.7280572652816772,
-1.1672229766845703,
0.3285987675189972,
0.14202827215194702,
-0.17465363442897797,
-0.21812187135219574,
0.5401445627212524,
-0.3902161121368408,
0.6726542711257935,
-0.32416653633117676,
0.36946412920951843,
0.35498496890068054,
-0.04673948511481285,
0.1936303675174713,
-0.03572744503617287,
0.1438119113445282,
-0.19680903851985931,
-0.14777234196662903,
0.17567624151706696,
0.19381113350391388,
-0.49264585971832275,
-0.5583887696266174,
0.21607446670532227,
-0.11244836449623108,
-0.15242645144462585,
-0.5541999340057373,
-1.0461724996566772,
-0.09823542088270187,
-0.41360604763031006,
0.0736234188079834,
0.5238974690437317,
-0.593450129032135,
-0.7160311937332153,
0.4443244934082031,
-0.17709288001060486,
0.5930994153022766,
1.275432825088501,
-0.31060662865638733,
-0.14902222156524658,
0.21062737703323364,
-0.17102791368961334,
0.021367749199271202,
0.16278021037578583,
-0.005799589678645134,
0.6168527007102966,
-0.09243770688772202,
0.582888126373291,
0.5193523168563843,
0.7712982892990112,
-0.10738851130008698,
-0.8497890830039978,
0.04849657416343689,
-0.3551212549209595,
-0.3447415828704834,
0.6035254597663879,
0.03261011466383934,
-0.04957008734345436,
0.2165238857269287,
-0.32981613278388977,
0.12237662076950073,
0.3569406569004059,
-0.9571458101272583,
-0.19320087134838104,
0.008200305514037609,
0.6186268925666809,
0.6473904848098755,
-0.5714815855026245,
-0.011278999038040638,
0.10083657503128052,
-0.018040603026747704,
0.10081669688224792,
0.3498836159706116,
0.39868131279945374,
-0.2801397442817688,
0.07237352430820465,
-0.21492289006710052,
0.6203969120979309,
0.47697246074676514,
0.3510187268257141,
0.18953415751457214,
0.6868091821670532,
-0.009674088098108768,
0.2575231194496155,
-0.061116497963666916,
-0.34023594856262207,
-0.35661017894744873,
0.3384574055671692,
0.00038814047002233565,
-0.446696937084198,
0.4244825541973114,
0.4950290620326996,
0.07960498332977295,
0.08265312016010284,
-0.07147520780563354,
-0.18108199536800385,
0.12258291989564896,
0.04748640954494476,
0.11340184509754181,
-0.5783767104148865,
-0.049257609993219376,
-0.1939946711063385,
0.013780955225229263,
0.24133147299289703,
-0.03965379297733307,
0.6684321761131287,
0.6554556488990784,
-0.026032742112874985,
-0.4914955496788025,
-0.18981054425239563,
0.07718511670827866,
-0.05704140663146973,
-2.8877995014190674,
0.625310480594635,
-0.808944582939148,
-0.9053440093994141,
-0.9727334976196289,
-0.24474206566810608,
-0.281473308801651,
-0.5219696760177612,
0.2540441155433655,
-0.530549168586731,
-0.29440754652023315,
0.3554733991622925,
0.4904833137989044,
-0.4102547764778137,
0.16491056978702545,
0.06956537812948227
]
|
128318 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upplands-Bro%20Municipality | Upplands-Bro Municipality | Upplands-Bro Municipality (Upplands-Bro kommun) is a municipality in Stockholm County in east central Sweden. Its seat is located in the town of KungsΓ€ngen.
The municipality was formed in 1952 through the amalgamation of five rural municipalities in Uppsala County. In 1971 it was transferred to Stockholm County.
Geography
Situated by Lake MΓ€laren it is distinguished by its nature. The overwhelming majority of the population are located to one of the three towns KungsΓ€ngen (pop. 7,500), Bro (6,200) and Brunna (4,000), and most of the remaining area is taken up by countryside, a substantial part of it being agricultural.
History
As apparent from its coat of arms, Upplands-Bro takes pride in its pre-historic history, and boasts some of the oldest ancient remains in Sweden. From the Iron Age, about 4,000 burial places have been found, and the remains from the Viking Age include 20 runestones. The figure in the coat of arms comes from one of these remains, a 3 cm tall bronze figure found near KungsΓ€ngen.
Every one of the six parishes also hosts a medieval church, built between 1100 and 1400.
In the 15th century, the fortress AlmarestΓ€ket was built in the municipality, just east to the present location of KungsΓ€ngen. It was the seat of the Swedish archbishop until the Archbishop Gustav Trolle besieged himself there in 1517, leading to the demolition of the fortress in 1519. The ruins can still be visited.
Since 1970, the main base of the combined cavalry/infantry regiment Life Guards is located in Upplands-Bro. The regiment trains conscript companies of mechanized infantry, Royal Guards and military police. It is also the home of the Swedish Armed Forces International Centre (Swedint).
Demography
Population development
Residents with a foreign background
On the 31st of December 2017 the number of people with a foreign background (persons born outside of Sweden or with two parents born outside of Sweden) was 9Β 646, or 34.93% of the population (27Β 614 on the 31st of December 2017). On the 31st of December 2002 the number of residents with a foreign background was (per the same definition) 5Β 002, or 23.64% of the population (21Β 162 on the 31st of December 2002). On 31 December 2017 there were 27Β 614 residents in Upplands-Bro, of which 7Β 088 people (25.67%) were born in a country other than Sweden. Divided by country in the table below - the Nordic countries as well as the 12 most common countries of birth outside of Sweden for Swedish residents have been included, with other countries of birth bundled together by continent by Statistics Sweden.
Public transportation
The municipality is served by the Stockholm public transport system operated by SL. The municipal seat KungsΓ€ngen used to be the north-western terminus of the Stockholm commuter rail network, but in 2000 this line was extended to BΓ₯lsta in Uppsala County and a new station was built in Bro. A new depot for commuter trains has recently been built in the municipality. There is also a bus network.
References
External links
Upplands-Bro Municipality β Official site
Municipalities of Stockholm County
Metropolitan Stockholm | [
0.10701266676187515,
0.8215324282646179,
0.6422618627548218,
0.26349395513534546,
-0.6646596193313599,
-0.13719907402992249,
0.7975425720214844,
-0.8632369637489319,
-0.7948380708694458,
-0.06838078796863556,
0.0019987530540674925,
-0.040904875844717026,
-0.2369586080312729,
0.11697911471128464,
-0.853279173374176,
0.10701081156730652,
0.45364052057266235,
0.8878406882286072,
-0.16488060355186462,
-0.6434111595153809,
-0.2063152939081192,
-0.15337254106998444,
-0.003629886545240879,
0.531697154045105,
-0.11739977449178696,
-0.07220560312271118,
0.2026103287935257,
0.7688522934913635,
0.5489973425865173,
-0.2039499580860138,
-0.19714140892028809,
1.133552074432373,
-0.017125412821769714,
0.0023227848578244448,
0.452870637178421,
0.010590610094368458,
-0.0008334284648299217,
-0.534156322479248,
0.4373167157173157,
0.06380853801965714,
-0.6373052000999451,
0.47281110286712646,
-0.8441348075866699,
-0.0669792965054512,
0.45675352215766907,
-1.5707210302352905,
-1.1644282341003418,
0.2864115238189697,
-1.4535783529281616,
0.47202712297439575,
-0.4628256559371948,
0.407976895570755,
-0.2161385864019394,
0.7000024914741516,
0.34907954931259155,
-0.38343381881713867,
-0.6103253960609436,
0.5028713941574097,
0.012144608423113823,
0.737196147441864,
0.06059417873620987,
0.1335161030292511,
0.02700033411383629,
-0.33623790740966797,
0.990870475769043,
-0.37814047932624817,
0.22200649976730347,
0.2166232317686081,
0.18448813259601593,
-0.6642473340034485,
-0.8161012530326843,
0.45305487513542175,
0.2424038052558899,
0.10590460151433945,
0.3829860985279083,
-0.35184377431869507,
0.2402803599834442,
-0.2962835133075714,
0.565252959728241,
-0.3848870098590851,
0.18435066938400269,
-0.526222825050354,
0.649713933467865,
0.6986210346221924,
0.3600750267505646,
0.25430458784103394,
-1.0357099771499634,
-1.0347460508346558,
0.33973240852355957,
0.46316754817962646,
0.050644803792238235,
0.2760847508907318,
0.3153788447380066,
0.02672036737203598,
0.39492300152778625,
-0.023542549461126328,
-0.574955940246582,
0.21715658903121948,
0.026384655386209488,
0.7078863978385925,
-0.5698049068450928,
0.7117456793785095,
0.4083433449268341,
0.010334476828575134,
0.11652857065200806,
-0.3235830068588257,
-0.6137025356292725,
-0.10833626985549927,
-0.5309314727783203,
-0.7935377955436707,
-0.636476993560791,
0.563524067401886,
-0.2544952630996704,
-0.1892828792333603,
0.24808205664157867,
0.4254271686077118,
-0.0677868202328682,
-0.01798751763999462,
0.020137134939432144,
0.13061222434043884,
0.1198962926864624,
1.440056562423706,
0.11479449272155762,
-0.25348415970802307,
-0.0559159480035305,
-0.20272551476955414,
0.026196178048849106,
0.681190013885498,
0.12007827311754227,
0.4720263183116913,
0.11333797872066498,
0.8830844759941101,
-0.9807760119438171,
0.20440585911273956,
0.1069498062133789,
0.08108631521463394,
0.553480327129364,
0.459230899810791,
0.09007057547569275,
0.11602171510457993,
-0.8358569741249084,
-0.13884563744068146,
-0.40399184823036194,
-0.5120232105255127,
0.07293745130300522,
0.12207599729299545,
-0.08668897300958633,
-0.611968994140625,
-0.37006381154060364,
-0.22289398312568665,
1.1924800872802734,
0.07575540989637375,
0.33233895897865295,
0.33873048424720764,
-0.43174922466278076,
0.32413432002067566,
0.048159319907426834,
-0.254833847284317,
0.09089671820402145,
0.42004910111427307,
0.5663204789161682,
-0.06320814043283463,
0.49289560317993164,
-0.6553344130516052,
0.6915340423583984,
0.039670757949352264,
-0.0672951340675354,
0.5126183032989502,
0.738991379737854,
0.050939034670591354,
-1.1671204566955566,
-0.45460695028305054,
0.5022704005241394,
-0.7171063423156738,
0.7535649538040161,
-0.2783910930156708,
0.18523792922496796,
0.3882867693901062,
-0.01964806206524372,
-0.4578317403793335,
-1.1042964458465576,
-0.026059333235025406,
0.2510499954223633,
-0.11755948513746262,
-0.3150912821292877,
0.6811215281486511,
0.07418889552354813,
0.21259517967700958,
0.2645135223865509,
0.7819134593009949,
-0.1061912402510643,
-0.1908077597618103,
1.2408733367919922,
1.0176900625228882,
1.134169101715088,
-0.005212207790464163,
0.16833142936229706,
-0.5107725858688354,
-0.08556616306304932,
0.21833586692810059,
-0.4828616976737976,
-0.5833451151847839,
0.14471644163131714,
-0.026355331763625145,
-0.7738603949546814,
0.8805325627326965,
0.01590653508901596,
-0.003478956874459982,
-0.5329546928405762,
1.1131623983383179,
-0.4939151704311371,
-0.2387801557779312,
0.7869873642921448,
0.7343922257423401,
-0.5106733441352844,
-0.14251647889614105,
-0.33459222316741943,
0.25591304898262024,
0.08661146461963654,
-0.429963618516922,
0.25816357135772705,
0.16043594479560852,
0.0014453982003033161,
-0.05862908437848091,
0.048104047775268555,
0.5107965469360352,
0.36643731594085693,
0.873404860496521,
-0.11277328431606293,
-0.8221905827522278,
0.8877283930778503,
-0.06110076233744621,
0.18222454190254211,
0.060464490205049515,
-0.4754210412502289,
-0.4402318596839905,
-0.3218863010406494,
-0.16788539290428162,
0.17435915768146515,
-0.5991916656494141,
0.18468625843524933,
0.15229378640651703,
-0.4359937310218811,
-0.10477499663829803,
0.6883613467216492,
1.1170296669006348,
-0.4207269847393036,
0.14723236858844757,
-0.05372508987784386,
-0.48443856835365295,
-0.05928792804479599,
-0.35576412081718445,
0.15602374076843262,
-0.5931830406188965,
-0.2005971074104309,
-0.5475175976753235,
0.212685689330101,
0.489210844039917,
0.08172678202390671,
0.593332827091217,
-0.26044297218322754,
0.09296388924121857,
0.5261920094490051,
0.1836112141609192,
-0.9095360040664673,
-1.0254775285720825,
-0.21520738303661346,
-0.7308147549629211,
0.6164189577102661,
-0.2600499391555786,
-0.3548101484775543,
-0.565723717212677,
-0.9234194755554199,
-0.47354573011398315,
0.0912337601184845,
-0.45240893959999084,
-0.30134227871894836,
-0.15724757313728333,
-0.5193139910697937,
-0.08333126455545425,
0.3568829596042633,
1.015106439590454,
-0.060468610376119614,
-1.331329345703125,
-0.6417518854141235,
0.009378581307828426,
0.26886993646621704,
0.42612773180007935,
-0.03729968145489693,
-0.24714764952659607,
-0.5795612335205078,
0.34251970052719116,
-0.04992728307843208,
0.3604355454444885,
0.18515166640281677,
0.0602303184568882,
-0.4950113594532013,
0.2804693281650543,
0.40378499031066895,
-0.21034471690654755,
-0.6326923966407776,
0.48622992634773254,
-0.40508127212524414,
0.24526865780353546,
-0.6397536396980286,
-0.36540690064430237,
-0.12031948566436768,
-0.20236140489578247,
-3.8931634426116943,
0.3377092778682709,
-0.47945070266723633,
-0.03214075416326523,
-0.3902950882911682,
0.10044856369495392,
0.6388158202171326,
-0.3912164270877838,
0.1228829100728035,
0.06567201018333435,
0.2380228340625763,
-0.8548833131790161,
0.9931421279907227,
1.1691405773162842,
0.7271320223808289,
0.8386964797973633,
0.3827131390571594,
0.16803660988807678,
-0.33714234828948975,
-0.36471042037010193,
-0.31863659620285034,
-0.13875965774059296,
-0.45241737365722656,
0.12966015934944153,
0.002872507320716977,
0.5566478967666626,
0.6529653668403625,
-0.4171281158924103,
-0.6046684980392456,
-0.6577169895172119,
0.3880322277545929,
0.1650485098361969,
0.5755345225334167,
-0.36778557300567627,
-0.6799490451812744,
0.26576974987983704,
0.5189366340637207,
1.0406978130340576,
-0.23538130521774292,
-0.7569931745529175,
0.15595069527626038,
1.2705285549163818,
0.07206562161445618,
-0.38873526453971863,
0.24464675784111023,
-0.190252423286438,
-0.9159959554672241,
0.20911666750907898,
-0.8614322543144226,
1.094369888305664,
0.29411494731903076,
-0.2228735238313675,
0.8768657445907593,
-0.03669057413935661,
-0.2721017301082611,
-0.4427100718021393,
0.6416996717453003,
-0.1872711032629013,
0.21197986602783203,
0.33363714814186096,
0.46823155879974365,
0.4791460335254669,
0.029222914949059486,
-0.7565350532531738,
0.26850810647010803,
0.22137072682380676,
0.4366062879562378,
0.4883415400981903,
0.5815053582191467,
-0.3123153746128082,
0.1287200152873993,
0.20584514737129211,
-0.5189076066017151,
-0.7752392292022705,
-0.6901302337646484,
-1.0809600353240967,
-0.2628621757030487,
-0.2978094220161438,
-0.22318580746650696,
-0.02926253341138363,
-0.13048793375492096,
0.08121217787265778,
-0.3173787593841553,
0.9775801301002502,
-0.07464100420475006,
-0.8734505772590637,
-0.12759190797805786,
-0.18859577178955078,
-0.06570221483707428,
-0.6856785416603088,
0.46821194887161255,
0.18768596649169922,
0.4553373456001282,
0.13710881769657135,
-0.5652158856391907,
0.478042870759964,
0.18986140191555023,
-0.251967191696167,
0.04234502837061882,
-1.1679538488388062,
0.9874322414398193,
-0.131232351064682,
0.579384446144104,
-0.14495648443698883,
-0.3796158730983734,
-0.33734846115112305,
0.8307504057884216,
0.12463175505399704,
-0.14406713843345642,
0.24616439640522003,
-0.1259559541940689,
-0.23492395877838135,
-0.34026899933815,
-0.730935275554657,
1.1299844980239868,
-0.40882235765457153,
-0.5424073338508606,
1.1858493089675903,
0.13509173691272736,
0.10902692377567291,
0.13921770453453064,
0.318125456571579,
0.5218548774719238,
-0.10470476001501083,
0.0026960214599967003,
-0.39442580938339233,
0.12390200793743134,
0.08741946518421173,
-0.5571281313896179,
0.6682916879653931,
0.14314454793930054,
0.033310066908597946,
-0.6602616310119629,
-0.7096239328384399,
-0.3220062553882599,
-0.2381969839334488,
-0.13355746865272522,
0.4089132249355316,
0.250424861907959,
0.25999900698661804,
0.7722674012184143,
-0.4117913544178009,
-0.20974630117416382,
0.8719969987869263,
-0.5106970071792603,
0.5247839093208313,
0.04299828037619591,
0.7820443511009216,
-1.2733714580535889,
-0.01795511320233345,
-1.4902396202087402,
-1.008528709411621,
0.2933650612831116,
-1.3501572608947754,
0.6371666789054871,
-0.43635159730911255,
0.09952498227357864,
0.3073846101760864,
-0.09584206342697144,
-0.35772809386253357,
-0.3603014349937439,
-0.6777063608169556,
-1.0733959674835205,
0.5090092420578003,
0.01647534966468811,
0.1950131058692932,
-0.979692816734314,
-0.4156750738620758,
-0.7600982785224915,
0.6308790445327759,
-0.6139128804206848,
-0.9410274028778076,
-1.2630740404129028,
-0.46375563740730286,
0.2219233214855194,
-0.9920364618301392,
0.08520198613405228,
-0.08906371146440506,
-0.47763630747795105,
-0.41059574484825134,
-0.03454936668276787,
0.48809757828712463,
-0.19301775097846985,
0.5362629890441895,
0.9702020287513733,
-0.6824408173561096,
-0.6198563575744629,
-0.20001554489135742,
-0.6662613749504089,
-0.4478330612182617,
0.7612848877906799,
0.34661898016929626,
0.45328640937805176,
0.2785418629646301,
0.39311057329177856,
-1.3157007694244385,
0.12723824381828308,
-0.7059770226478577,
-0.131806418299675,
-0.9009091258049011,
0.42063045501708984,
0.43556955456733704,
0.2332000583410263,
1.4549063444137573,
0.09500393271446228,
-1.0236629247665405,
0.8468272686004639,
1.247564673423767,
-0.23309370875358582,
0.6700099110603333,
-0.6393928527832031,
-0.8188222646713257,
-0.02074558660387993,
0.6138466596603394,
-0.3352445662021637,
0.22078511118888855,
0.5417112708091736,
-0.2709018886089325,
-1.1442331075668335,
-0.4160301685333252,
-0.9806749820709229,
-0.39329659938812256,
-0.5467493534088135,
-0.6629515886306763,
-0.8458876013755798,
0.21883411705493927,
-0.0845041498541832,
-0.19027763605117798,
1.3710265159606934,
-0.8344226479530334,
0.2822301387786865,
0.12451834976673126,
0.8002436757087708,
-0.05272282660007477,
-0.42642948031425476,
0.36763274669647217,
-0.337073415517807,
0.6105380654335022,
0.32760095596313477,
0.708527147769928,
0.7686152458190918,
1.2261528968811035,
-0.1577959954738617,
-0.10639999061822891,
-0.023608962073922157,
-0.06417661160230637,
0.7688356041908264,
0.04502139240503311,
-0.9052263498306274,
0.35937464237213135,
-0.023308999836444855,
-0.4271377921104431,
-0.12380418926477432,
0.38171157240867615,
0.9351630210876465,
-0.045115310698747635,
-0.021137017756700516,
1.0283085107803345,
0.6321525573730469,
0.6786360144615173,
0.18720407783985138,
0.14561384916305542,
-0.2329980581998825,
0.06912394613027573,
0.40854644775390625,
0.8704140782356262,
0.2698170840740204,
-0.17977680265903473,
0.9934607148170471,
0.15067307651042938,
-0.5375421643257141,
-0.4665689170360565,
0.8804018497467041,
-0.15661993622779846,
-0.45436108112335205,
-0.14096692204475403,
0.028539447113871574,
-0.7082041501998901,
0.20839808881282806,
-0.8252071142196655,
0.09763099253177643,
0.36581170558929443,
-0.09080562740564346,
0.007488845381885767,
-0.25887054204940796,
-0.6546362638473511,
-0.29710572957992554,
-0.29218772053718567,
-0.7749253511428833,
0.659177839756012,
0.14205987751483917,
-0.1444174200296402,
0.04162132367491722,
0.2985851466655731,
0.6273221969604492,
0.29688718914985657,
-0.03762353956699371,
0.04656226187944412,
-0.7391448020935059,
0.45971766114234924,
-0.9588634967803955,
-0.19987955689430237,
-0.5744721293449402,
-0.1459440439939499,
0.6651594638824463,
0.3573482930660248,
-0.3495916426181793,
-0.006011663004755974,
-0.5866599082946777,
0.18062545359134674,
0.06963895261287689,
-0.2055247277021408,
-0.0026555906515568495,
1.152850866317749,
-0.4589879512786865,
0.2137852907180786,
0.5138891339302063,
-0.4184879958629608,
0.14339151978492737,
0.6169549822807312,
0.23583711683750153,
1.1554551124572754,
0.07680200040340424,
0.27908074855804443,
0.664501428604126,
1.0005632638931274,
0.3020687401294708,
0.3691340386867523,
0.3158794641494751,
-0.5072509050369263,
-0.32292380928993225,
-0.10923841595649719,
-0.5978074073791504,
1.0199975967407227,
-0.8378673195838928,
0.10469730198383331,
-0.030746376141905785,
-0.585739016532898,
-0.44163036346435547,
0.2995270788669586,
-0.5233968496322632,
0.9137776494026184,
0.10289730131626129,
0.14251527190208435,
-0.048289261758327484,
-0.15911708772182465,
0.08010949194431305,
0.01989591494202614,
0.13291622698307037,
-0.2537257969379425,
0.07991191744804382,
0.0590706504881382,
0.3152872323989868,
-1.0521800518035889,
-0.8431583046913147,
0.14094875752925873,
-0.36534401774406433,
-0.5616466403007507,
-0.38541239500045776,
-0.1489758938550949,
-0.15444234013557434,
-0.7844775915145874,
-0.26227429509162903,
0.24143050611019135,
-0.22292828559875488,
-0.9675876498222351,
0.13620544970035553,
-0.08830586075782776,
-0.015686381608247757,
1.1890640258789062,
-0.11059269309043884,
-0.0340445302426815,
0.5335519313812256,
-0.27888256311416626,
-0.08989714086055756,
0.24889345467090607,
0.28833431005477905,
0.1024952381849289,
-0.09939631074666977,
1.0958038568496704,
0.2895950675010681,
0.35946670174598694,
-0.01111120916903019,
-0.9745258688926697,
-0.09310466796159744,
-0.59044349193573,
-0.4261746406555176,
0.22082951664924622,
0.26615846157073975,
0.2677338123321533,
0.6662407517433167,
-0.3920285403728485,
-0.31471094489097595,
0.8560744524002075,
-1.10130774974823,
-0.42674726247787476,
-0.17534808814525604,
0.41838979721069336,
0.5230234861373901,
-0.834024965763092,
-0.3506890833377838,
0.03350714594125748,
0.0472567193210125,
0.36668455600738525,
0.21231849491596222,
0.355076402425766,
-0.2879282832145691,
0.2584424912929535,
0.2533304989337921,
0.8226238489151001,
0.2173253893852234,
0.45414403080940247,
-0.17084236443042755,
0.5467263460159302,
-0.9409868121147156,
0.03535742685198784,
0.280884712934494,
-0.9320496916770935,
-0.2157040685415268,
0.6929119825363159,
0.08362897485494614,
-0.2938063144683838,
0.38191619515419006,
0.8805644512176514,
-0.15899641811847687,
-0.06820648163557053,
-0.4794522821903229,
0.14427247643470764,
0.10850539803504944,
-0.14754290878772736,
0.2319680154323578,
-0.6915825009346008,
-0.27972155809402466,
-0.3886280357837677,
0.1329362541437149,
0.17323718965053558,
-0.020855868235230446,
0.7524346709251404,
0.24859848618507385,
-0.06572190672159195,
-0.46944326162338257,
-0.360195517539978,
-0.039229996502399445,
-0.10726965963840485,
-1.7186379432678223,
0.7912790775299072,
-1.0944175720214844,
-0.33464276790618896,
-0.6300455927848816,
-0.188944011926651,
-0.4720700681209564,
-1.3882132768630981,
0.7987552881240845,
-0.266099214553833,
-0.29711806774139404,
0.4243011474609375,
0.24695336818695068,
-0.27179521322250366,
0.12907938659191132,
0.1529858410358429
]
|
128319 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campion%20Hall%2C%20Oxford | Campion Hall, Oxford | Campion Hall is one of the six Permanent Private Halls of the University of Oxford in England. It is run by the Society of Jesus and named after St. Edmund Campion, a martyr and Fellow of St John's College, Oxford. The hall is located on Brewer Street, between Christ Church and Pembroke College. The buildings, along with many of the fixtures and fittings, were designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens, his only buildings in Oxford. The hall also houses an extensive and important collection of religious art spanning 600 years; the pieces were collected primarily by Fr. Martin D'Arcy in the 1930s.
History
Origins
The origins of Campion Hall began on 9 September 1896 when Fr. Richard Clarke, who was a former member of St. John's College, Oxford, opened a private hall called 'Clarke's Hall'. He was sent by his superiors from the Church of the Immaculate Conception, Farm Street, in London to St. Aloysius Church in Oxford to set up a hall for Jesuit undergraduates. He founded a small house at 40 St Giles', Oxford, and was the first Master of the hall. On 10 September 1896 the hall had its first four students. The hall allowed Jesuits to study for degrees from the University of Oxford.
The rented accommodation that was originally used was too small and 15 months later the hall was moved to Middleton Hall at 11 St. Giles', which was leased to the Society of Jesus until 1936.
Pope's Hall
In 1900, Fr. Clarke died suddenly at York, and with his death the hall ceased to exist. That year the hall was reopened as 'Pope's Hall' under Fr. O'Fallon Pope as Master, who continued to be Master until 1915. In 1902, he purchased 14 and 15 St Giles', and in 1903 No. 13 St Giles' was also bought.
Campion Hall
Fr. O'Fallon Pope was succeeded by Fr. Charles Plater, and the hall again changed its name, this time to 'Plater's Hall'.
In 1918, the hall was granted permanent status and changed its name to Campion Hall after St. Edmund Campion, an English Jesuit and martyr who had been a Fellow at St. John's College. Permanent Private Halls (PPH) within the University of Oxford were established for the reception of students on the condition that they are not for purposes of profit. Apart from Campion Hall, the other early Permanent Private Halls were St. Benet's Hall from 1918 and St. Peter's Hall from 1929 to 1947. Permanent Private Halls have the same privileges as members of colleges.
In 1921 Fr. Plater died and Fr. Henry Keane was appointed Master of Campion Hall, until his retirement in 1926. He was succeeded by Fr. Ernest G. Vignaux, who was Master until 1933. At that time, there were plans for the building of a new hall in St. Giles'. He was succeeded as Master by Fr. Martin D'Arcy till 1945.
Moving to Brewer Street
In 1933, when Fr. D'Arcy became Master, the lease of the St. Giles property had only three years to run, so in 1935 a project of building in St. Giles was dropped and a new home was found in Brewer Street. The properties in St. Giles's were subsequently sold to St. John's College.
Brewer Street, also known as 'Sleying Lane' was occupied in the medieval period by brewers and butchers. There is a long history of brewing in Oxford. Several of the colleges had private breweries, one of which, Brasenose College, survived until 1889. In the 16th century, brewing and malting appeared to have been the most popular trades in the city. By 1874 there were nine breweries in Oxford and 13 brewers' agents in Oxford shipping beer in from elsewhere, Brewer Street was no exception.
At Brewer Street, Campion Hall bought two buildings, one a large and ancient lodging house, known as 'Micklem Hall', which in the past belonged to Hall's Brewery. It was owned by a brewer named Micklem (1820β1870). The second building was a garage which had once been the stables for the horses which pulled the Oxford trams. The garage was demolished, as well as some of the rooms of Micklem Hall, with others incorporated into the new building.
The new building was designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens and completed in 1936. The building was opened in June 1936, by the Duke of Alba, Spanish ambassador to London, alongside Alban Goodier S.J., the former Archbishop of Bombay, and the Earl of Oxford.
The building was Grade II* listed in 1954. It is the only building in Oxford designed by Lutyens, although in 1928 he did design the fountain in Tom Quad at nearby Christ Church. The style of Lutyens's exterior has been compared to 17th-century Cotswold architecture. The chapel has a semi-circular apse with a baldachin, and Lutyens provided chapel light fittings having red tassels like those on a cardinal's hat.
In 1912 Lutyens had laid out New Delhi as the new capital of India. He devised an architectural Delhi Order there, with small bells hanging from the capitals of the columns, and subsequently made use of it in his design for Campion Hall, including in the columns supporting the baldachin in the chapel.
Fr. D'Arcy continued as Master of Campion Hall until 1945, when he was succeeded by Fr. Thomas Corbishley. In 2001, the Jesuit spirituality journal, The Way, began to operate from Campion Hall.
Campion Hall hosts the Jesuit academic community within University of Oxford and has an international student body including not only Jesuits but also priests of other Roman Catholic orders and congregations. Admission is usually only open to clergy, although sometimes exceptions are made for laymen.
In 2018, the Laudato Si' Research Institute was started at Campion Hall. It has the aim of conducting and fostering inter-disciplinary research on issues relating to integral ecology.
Lost Michelangelo
In 2011, a painting "The Crucifixion of Jesus" which had been hanging in a hall of Campion Hall, was thought to have been a long-lost Michelangelo masterpiece worth Β£100 million. The painting was bought by Fr. Martin D'Arcy when he was Master of Campion Hall at a Sotheby's auction in the 1930s. Some experts argue that the painting dates from towards the end of Michelangelo's life when his eyesight was failing, so is more likely to be a painting by Marcello Venusti.
The painting was removed from its position on a wall in Campion Hall and sent to the Ashmolean Museum for safekeeping.
The Way
The Way is spirituality journal that publishes articles quarterly to an international readership through an editorial board on subjects relating to contemporary Christian spirituality and operates out of Campion Hall. It was founded in 1961 by its editor James Walsh. He was joined by William Yeomans, Denise Critchley-Salmonson and Philip Caraman, who also edited The Month. Originally it was located in Heythrop Park. In September 1970, it moved to Beaumont College and Michael Ivens joined the staff. In May 1972, it moved to Southwell House in West Hampstead. In 1978, it moved again, this time to Campion House in Osterley in 1978. In the early 1980s, it moved to Heythrop College's new location in London, as part of the Institute of Spirituality there. James Walsh stood down as editor and Philip Sheldrake, David Lonsdale and later Lavinia Byrne became editors. In 1992, Jacqueline Hawkins became the editor. In 2001, it moved to Campion Hall and Philip Endean with Elizabeth Lock became editors two years later. It was relaunched and ceased publishing the annual supplement. In 2008, Philip Endean was replaced by Paul Nicholson.
Laudato Si' Research Institute
The Laudato Si' Research Institute was also based out of Campion Hall. It was founded in 2018 and named after the encyclical by Pope Francis. It was founded by its current director Celia Deane-Drummond to conduct multidisciplinary research on the environmental issues present in the world. Celia Deane-Drummond also edits the international journal Philosophy, Theology and the Sciences. It has links with a masters degree programme operating out of the London Jesuit Centre on theology, ecology and ethics. It is currently working on establishing the Laudato Si' Research Network to encourage global research collaboration. On 21 February 2020, its new offices in Albion House, Oxford were opened by the Master of Campion Hall, Nicholas Austin.
Masters
Fr. Richard Clarke (1896β1900)
Fr. O'Fallon Pope (1900β1915)
Fr. Charles Plater (1915β1921)
Fr. Henry Keane (1921β1926)
Fr. Ernest G. Vignaux (1926β1933)
Fr. Martin D'Arcy (1933β1945)
Fr. Thomas Corbishley (1945β1958)
Fr. Anthony Doyle (1958β1962)
Fr. Derek Hanshell (1962β1965)
Fr. Edward Yarnold (1965β1972)
Fr. Benjamin Winterborn (1972β1978)
Fr. Paul Edwards (1978β1985)
Fr. Peter Hackett (1985β1989)
Rev. Dr. Joseph Munitiz (1989β1998)
Rev. Dr. Gerard J Hughes (1998β2006)
Rev. Dr. Peter L'Estrange (2006β2008)
Fr. Brendan Callaghan (2008β2013)
Rev. Dr. James Hanvey (2013β2018)
Rev. Dr. Nicholas Austin (2018β Present)
See also
List of Jesuit sites
Permanent Private Hall
References
External links
Campion Hall website
The Way
Laudato Si' Research Institute
Educational institutions established in 1896
Residential buildings completed in 1935
Grade II* listed buildings in Oxford
Grade II* listed educational buildings
Jesuit universities and colleges in England
Permanent Private Halls of the University of Oxford
Buildings and structures of the University of Oxford
Works of Edwin Lutyens in England
1896 establishments in England | [
0.13000716269016266,
0.49371516704559326,
0.20333829522132874,
-0.7249171137809753,
-0.10242081433534622,
0.32012778520584106,
0.4905826449394226,
0.4632081985473633,
-0.7877264022827148,
-0.2549225389957428,
-0.7158496975898743,
-0.4899043142795563,
0.10768934339284897,
0.44842180609703064,
0.02415687032043934,
-0.02430136688053608,
0.21006159484386444,
0.49348849058151245,
0.47271159291267395,
-0.6274533867835999,
0.18819557130336761,
-0.00982764083892107,
-0.4119633734226227,
0.05386379361152649,
-0.35490843653678894,
-0.19495543837547302,
0.5308932065963745,
-0.39012980461120605,
-0.047942403703927994,
-0.2270091325044632,
0.5039087533950806,
0.27084702253341675,
0.05324377119541168,
-0.09527640044689178,
1.0448830127716064,
-0.19988341629505157,
0.38929393887519836,
-0.6417041420936584,
0.06848594546318054,
-0.059538815170526505,
0.04076164588332176,
-0.4458884298801422,
0.23049870133399963,
0.42094284296035767,
-0.6306845545768738,
-0.6337988972663879,
-0.9338962435722351,
-0.029224272817373276,
-1.4088190793991089,
0.11893102526664734,
-0.4756929874420166,
0.42379727959632874,
0.7368192076683044,
-0.32124507427215576,
0.8172060251235962,
0.6568565368652344,
-1.2222561836242676,
-0.002437025075778365,
0.7074069976806641,
0.2090456187725067,
-0.027961455285549164,
0.6332221627235413,
0.2640564441680908,
0.2594209611415863,
-0.2604009807109833,
-0.23020386695861816,
0.1301000714302063,
0.32445135712623596,
-0.17328934371471405,
-0.35029223561286926,
-0.6380247473716736,
-0.15809020400047302,
0.31743624806404114,
0.44672009348869324,
-0.49769023060798645,
-0.5819083452224731,
0.18699289858341217,
0.018954848870635033,
0.35888513922691345,
0.05850572511553764,
0.5569674968719482,
0.12848787009716034,
0.4679650664329529,
0.5278155207633972,
0.7468907237052917,
0.4453994333744049,
-1.296978235244751,
-0.14920218288898468,
-0.378597229719162,
0.7891947031021118,
-0.5389208197593689,
-0.05313317850232124,
0.3087504506111145,
0.1008162647485733,
0.12859773635864258,
0.11722973734140396,
0.03316223621368408,
0.02198425494134426,
0.35549840331077576,
0.41797900199890137,
-0.35684284567832947,
0.7758997082710266,
0.2804272174835205,
-0.2503141164779663,
-0.2132711559534073,
0.06825779378414154,
-1.2276694774627686,
-0.7140223383903503,
0.4331836998462677,
-0.6165987253189087,
-0.7739790081977844,
0.020907459780573845,
-0.8646553158760071,
0.06392893195152283,
-0.44146355986595154,
0.40808525681495667,
0.379959374666214,
-0.3883698880672455,
-0.46447378396987915,
0.2970973253250122,
-0.4308369755744934,
1.0643826723098755,
0.0627605989575386,
0.32746756076812744,
-0.3005369305610657,
-0.025329746305942535,
0.09839767217636108,
0.25600337982177734,
-0.21666042506694794,
-0.04323514550924301,
0.2136591225862503,
0.72441166639328,
0.14501824975013733,
-0.3710816204547882,
0.13825713098049164,
0.08625977486371994,
0.189535453915596,
-0.13328950107097626,
0.49653977155685425,
0.8109332323074341,
-0.3543119430541992,
-0.390714168548584,
-0.2321036010980606,
0.10371412336826324,
1.0301542282104492,
-0.09589807689189911,
-0.6673961877822876,
-0.7974046468734741,
-0.034191105514764786,
-0.2799775302410126,
0.25612586736679077,
0.1767798513174057,
0.035256896167993546,
-0.3596477508544922,
-0.5591799020767212,
0.42498332262039185,
0.7484887838363647,
-0.015495268628001213,
0.2790032625198364,
0.15702581405639648,
-0.27141812443733215,
-0.1592395305633545,
-0.020664989948272705,
0.21508145332336426,
-0.11422079056501389,
0.35707059502601624,
0.482493132352829,
-0.12127760052680969,
-0.57632976770401,
0.06733401864767075,
-1.0747079849243164,
-0.10509753227233887,
0.8971021771430969,
-0.3896152377128601,
-0.009251763112843037,
-0.2503182590007782,
0.3723949193954468,
0.38844648003578186,
0.36923813819885254,
-0.20864836871623993,
-0.5385094881057739,
-0.2937335968017578,
0.20126888155937195,
0.1345296949148178,
0.2926774024963379,
-0.2708664536476135,
0.1885865330696106,
-0.08481987565755844,
-0.4454570412635803,
0.12924222648143768,
-0.38744068145751953,
-0.5427215099334717,
0.40994858741760254,
-0.01890404522418976,
1.4493486881256104,
-0.22389601171016693,
-0.6780250668525696,
0.34163251519203186,
0.004409228451550007,
0.7597458362579346,
-0.12385503202676773,
0.11905131489038467,
0.0778801217675209,
-0.21296650171279907,
-0.33923277258872986,
-0.09488985687494278,
0.22194619476795197,
0.13517747819423676,
0.34624412655830383,
0.3854420781135559,
0.42220696806907654,
-0.52753746509552,
0.045921552926301956,
0.3963659703731537,
-0.03611250966787338,
-0.507203221321106,
-0.16193698346614838,
-0.08225111663341522,
0.1096782311797142,
-0.653009831905365,
1.1707966327667236,
0.015590536408126354,
0.5317263603210449,
0.23670336604118347,
-0.7176365852355957,
0.201885387301445,
0.15752126276493073,
0.31073513627052307,
0.18551379442214966,
-0.2277664691209793,
0.5799500942230225,
0.2166023850440979,
-0.27239102125167847,
-0.31378522515296936,
-0.2257959395647049,
-0.22455407679080963,
-0.3105500340461731,
-0.5969569683074951,
0.5857916474342346,
-0.37796106934547424,
0.1011374220252037,
-0.48665374517440796,
-0.4997434616088867,
-0.05730320140719414,
-0.015446395613253117,
0.06315197050571442,
0.21744300425052643,
0.6762176752090454,
-0.27751395106315613,
-0.3657447099685669,
0.42282989621162415,
0.1427009403705597,
0.5958964824676514,
-0.29687854647636414,
0.3997921347618103,
-0.06945861130952835,
-0.16181688010692596,
0.16003723442554474,
0.19309461116790771,
0.5035262107849121,
-0.1479659080505371,
0.40164992213249207,
0.2100670486688614,
0.2855389416217804,
-0.35891950130462646,
-0.47109660506248474,
0.09172961860895157,
-0.8914843797683716,
0.23597587645053864,
-0.4082678556442261,
0.20095579326152802,
-0.8435189127922058,
-0.2616109848022461,
-0.08091649413108826,
-0.2977437376976013,
0.18718327581882477,
0.24715344607830048,
-0.10919192433357239,
-0.5433315634727478,
-0.20914599299430847,
0.5299246311187744,
0.09643294662237167,
0.030462253838777542,
0.129424050450325,
-0.22447435557842255,
0.03781820088624954,
-0.2045084834098816,
0.14045864343643188,
-0.27935436367988586,
-0.23687320947647095,
0.01661716215312481,
0.7169011235237122,
0.3514181077480316,
0.40277618169784546,
-0.011897486634552479,
0.5853499174118042,
0.12313304841518402,
-0.7404976487159729,
0.45434531569480896,
0.1087198406457901,
-0.19281236827373505,
1.0668156147003174,
-0.2152952253818512,
0.04656727984547615,
0.5749520063400269,
-0.39044755697250366,
-0.16502337157726288,
-0.40900444984436035,
-5.324969291687012,
0.4819745719432831,
-0.5950698256492615,
0.19959881901741028,
0.6840680241584778,
-0.4493967890739441,
0.3848004639148712,
-0.6338077187538147,
-0.8245448470115662,
-0.5426030158996582,
-0.5642119646072388,
-0.3560906946659088,
-0.06182952970266342,
0.6832194924354553,
0.43182623386383057,
1.0731794834136963,
0.4301425814628601,
0.43112125992774963,
0.08838886022567749,
0.2439984232187271,
-0.5680558085441589,
0.5029051899909973,
0.027810482308268547,
0.060247015208005905,
0.23101243376731873,
0.3870062530040741,
-0.22293803095817566,
0.014553316868841648,
-0.9950819611549377,
-0.1812528520822525,
0.30303025245666504,
-0.13701939582824707,
-0.27074649930000305,
-0.18928658962249756,
-0.6765978336334229,
0.6071122288703918,
0.2792049050331116,
-0.0012555094435811043,
-0.604160487651825,
-0.3428244888782501,
0.6036624312400818,
0.6274455785751343,
0.2559833228588104,
-0.18943534791469574,
0.7458627820014954,
-0.3589063584804535,
-0.9157782793045044,
-0.009619911201298237,
-0.10002350062131882,
-0.1523105949163437,
-0.2900250554084778,
0.8409919738769531,
0.7752591967582703,
0.3310737907886505,
-0.5612320303916931,
-0.06732958555221558,
0.6540117263793945,
0.17329677939414978,
0.037762194871902466,
-0.5668851137161255,
0.530682384967804,
-0.6278821229934692,
0.10146857798099518,
-0.365654319524765,
-0.19382934272289276,
-0.6809806823730469,
0.16167862713336945,
0.5271589756011963,
0.14893606305122375,
0.24870805442333221,
-0.02872835099697113,
0.3053632378578186,
0.11561556905508041,
-0.7398138642311096,
-0.3123828172683716,
-0.572431743144989,
-0.3272307515144348,
-0.20936010777950287,
-0.08255370706319809,
0.5613455176353455,
-0.03472473472356796,
-0.31192082166671753,
-0.7328531742095947,
0.700078010559082,
0.24773502349853516,
-1.115018606185913,
-0.29614508152008057,
0.19865232706069946,
-0.6191511154174805,
-0.2571684718132019,
-0.23914463818073273,
-0.47907736897468567,
-0.45577096939086914,
0.2513085901737213,
0.3267010450363159,
-0.19082355499267578,
0.020772311836481094,
-0.16333909332752228,
0.32819294929504395,
0.014066135510802269,
0.27619996666908264,
-0.41268473863601685,
-0.1686365008354187,
-0.21676728129386902,
-0.07228225469589233,
-0.19710375368595123,
0.2623090147972107,
0.6106228828430176,
0.591050922870636,
-0.22157126665115356,
0.06762410700321198,
-0.07333733141422272,
-0.44299185276031494,
-0.16330082714557648,
0.3437332808971405,
-0.6175002455711365,
-0.3214973509311676,
0.44572025537490845,
-0.4502750337123871,
0.15641941130161285,
-0.3188711106777191,
-0.02505388669669628,
0.234441339969635,
-0.1426728516817093,
-0.9513489007949829,
-0.0017078312812373042,
0.6370007395744324,
-0.8487810492515564,
-0.45492520928382874,
-0.668213963508606,
-0.25636568665504456,
-0.021074576303362846,
0.3162009119987488,
0.48671281337738037,
-0.28407615423202515,
-0.11189599335193634,
-0.3717672824859619,
-0.08498877286911011,
0.25575190782546997,
0.3012692928314209,
0.138210266828537,
-0.17967145144939423,
0.1617646962404251,
0.6588662266731262,
0.3919598162174225,
0.9069366455078125,
0.010800209827721119,
0.5368375778198242,
-1.3562135696411133,
0.2672375440597534,
-0.5040700435638428,
-0.2784927487373352,
0.030510131269693375,
-0.6991444230079651,
0.13658960163593292,
-0.08098918944597244,
-0.36717212200164795,
0.734713077545166,
-0.033689048141241074,
0.1971374899148941,
-0.06751754879951477,
-0.06103591248393059,
-0.6626401543617249,
-0.4683734178543091,
0.1184946820139885,
-0.19619840383529663,
-0.017509737983345985,
-0.20308320224285126,
-1.0862630605697632,
0.5451836585998535,
-0.11142022907733917,
-0.446924090385437,
-0.7253130674362183,
-0.09777650237083435,
0.5267344117164612,
0.19710443913936615,
0.06258299201726913,
0.14655834436416626,
-0.13784754276275635,
0.30293360352516174,
-0.2892320156097412,
0.09676443040370941,
-0.25352245569229126,
0.268100768327713,
0.5432533025741577,
-0.2858116924762726,
-0.2782486379146576,
-0.14567922055721283,
0.5632661581039429,
-0.5748933553695679,
0.010383214801549911,
0.008416647091507912,
0.31546950340270996,
0.07153218239545822,
-0.1392548829317093,
-0.7937201857566833,
0.41255849599838257,
0.23194848001003265,
-0.4466627538204193,
-0.6201868057250977,
0.14645542204380035,
0.8317579627037048,
-0.8251100778579712,
0.7262429594993591,
0.5840901732444763,
-0.45514580607414246,
0.4849659502506256,
0.08319191634654999,
0.3543495237827301,
0.7780423760414124,
-0.5144508481025696,
-1.0645897388458252,
0.3684246242046356,
0.4232988655567169,
-0.419432669878006,
-0.06460867822170258,
-0.1724778115749359,
-0.6397671699523926,
-0.29296186566352844,
-0.04042632505297661,
-0.2597542703151703,
-0.14031440019607544,
-0.5010679960250854,
-0.22388848662376404,
-1.4839972257614136,
0.6599969863891602,
0.3170263171195984,
-0.18543797731399536,
0.4565534293651581,
-0.6940338015556335,
0.6423491835594177,
0.036290403455495834,
0.371401309967041,
0.508939266204834,
0.38250017166137695,
-0.2482459545135498,
-0.5427514910697937,
0.09082150459289551,
0.2356884777545929,
0.496317595243454,
0.2555186152458191,
1.101094365119934,
0.013007912784814835,
-0.9965571761131287,
-0.6831833124160767,
0.202558234333992,
0.25948336720466614,
0.3852601647377014,
-0.8036055564880371,
0.15852580964565277,
0.14401504397392273,
-0.36507752537727356,
-0.36889487504959106,
-0.49173861742019653,
0.4134068787097931,
-0.25905823707580566,
0.2595459222793579,
0.2557907700538635,
0.07552576810121536,
-0.20855967700481415,
0.653867244720459,
0.5677054524421692,
-0.5844407677650452,
0.3464660942554474,
0.04115700721740723,
0.15239134430885315,
0.3706953525543213,
-0.4473150968551636,
0.3187900483608246,
-0.5311203002929688,
-0.2708900570869446,
-0.44213706254959106,
-0.30079221725463867,
0.23024378716945648,
0.007438866421580315,
-0.05103440582752228,
-0.2984519302845001,
-0.8947296738624573,
0.6085192561149597,
-0.6069847345352173,
-0.1504334807395935,
0.2522738575935364,
0.6459491848945618,
-0.3022938072681427,
0.40901315212249756,
-0.5349330306053162,
-0.5255554914474487,
-0.2858233153820038,
-0.2102004438638687,
0.5332348346710205,
-0.2544126808643341,
-0.4394773542881012,
-0.1297178566455841,
0.22035011649131775,
-0.03525177016854286,
0.49720776081085205,
0.4121587872505188,
-0.22960856556892395,
0.28394514322280884,
0.2761629819869995,
-0.7336827516555786,
0.8603329658508301,
0.05809137597680092,
-0.1126052662730217,
0.4374057948589325,
-0.3341818153858185,
-0.32301244139671326,
-0.663411557674408,
-0.25176888704299927,
0.020786859095096588,
0.004803302697837353,
-0.10413316637277603,
0.7714425921440125,
0.5069663524627686,
-0.4951801598072052,
-0.048504024744033813,
0.5373303890228271,
-0.522895097732544,
0.08010361343622208,
0.4598999619483948,
-0.4129008650779724,
0.07659124583005905,
0.5307655334472656,
0.09621786326169968,
-0.345757395029068,
0.5493011474609375,
-0.6034871935844421,
-0.44891977310180664,
-0.35969415307044983,
0.31304046511650085,
0.31383413076400757,
-0.43421176075935364,
-0.12069648504257202,
0.6362077593803406,
-0.1267947256565094,
-0.1743263155221939,
-0.017693432047963142,
-0.3407491147518158,
-0.2570379376411438,
0.3083864450454712,
0.30246996879577637,
0.1177913174033165,
-0.3744529187679291,
0.19111418724060059,
-0.38428443670272827,
-0.13826991617679596,
-0.14096762239933014,
0.6237574219703674,
0.36037278175354004,
0.384684294462204,
0.4401618242263794,
0.14698119461536407,
0.4878571331501007,
-0.10174520313739777,
-0.22114121913909912,
0.24659185111522675,
0.5042135119438171,
-0.3391878306865692,
-0.4631902873516083,
0.008216504007577896,
0.4035390615463257,
0.624823808670044,
0.3034227788448334,
-0.07060765475034714,
-0.07660618424415588,
-0.18125253915786743,
0.6846653819084167,
-0.07227960228919983,
0.08414658904075623,
0.24304215610027313,
-0.027448303997516632,
0.5998442769050598,
0.25910693407058716,
-0.5227999091148376,
0.4248991310596466,
-0.3476712107658386,
0.06954719126224518,
0.268389493227005,
0.34806689620018005,
-0.519504189491272,
0.5736835598945618,
-0.24204201996326447,
-0.2880552113056183,
-0.2448575496673584,
0.5781404376029968,
-0.4126307964324951,
-0.637371838092804,
0.5263161063194275,
-0.3516380488872528,
0.06293018162250519,
-0.03873278200626373,
-0.4628031849861145,
0.2166118025779724,
-0.033093590289354324,
-0.7475952506065369,
-0.4410892128944397,
-0.28320133686065674,
0.47499656677246094,
0.30090245604515076,
-0.4404540956020355,
0.012040878646075726,
0.3964478671550751,
-0.48429274559020996,
0.14768756926059723,
0.06145114824175835,
0.48086240887641907,
-0.7217137813568115,
0.23484210669994354,
-0.6964955925941467,
0.4801023006439209,
0.3505152463912964,
0.1742621511220932,
-0.40063321590423584,
0.644727885723114,
-0.19875568151474,
1.206102967262268,
0.21348382532596588,
0.3119896948337555,
-0.4061885178089142,
0.04898635298013687,
0.15465353429317474,
0.33040979504585266,
0.452492892742157,
0.2519647479057312,
-0.09744279831647873,
0.0639091357588768,
0.338594913482666,
-0.28502631187438965,
0.1157381609082222,
0.17998063564300537,
-0.17991170287132263,
0.24734418094158173,
-0.5450438261032104,
-0.011756228283047676,
-0.6143717169761658,
0.2519850730895996,
0.39250344038009644,
1.4888631105422974,
0.25220879912376404,
-0.13392066955566406,
-0.3868412673473358,
-0.0346708782017231,
0.7837194800376892,
0.2700674831867218,
0.0337035246193409,
0.35588088631629944,
-0.3068011701107025,
-0.7991212010383606,
-0.3540366590023041,
-0.03918612003326416,
0.6207696199417114,
-0.7220535278320312,
0.37117519974708557,
-0.22540172934532166,
0.11303523182868958,
-0.24446523189544678,
-0.22900159657001495,
-0.3019886910915375,
0.3558560311794281,
0.38569414615631104
]
|
128321 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vallentuna%20Municipality | Vallentuna Municipality | Vallentuna Municipality (Vallentuna kommun) is a municipality in Stockholm County in east central Sweden. Its seat is located in the town of Vallentuna.
The current municipality was established as a result of the municipal reform of 1971. Its coat of arms depicts an eagle, a broad axe and two stars.
Geography
The geography is still dominated by nature and agriculture and some lakes and streams, besides the urban areas. Many houses are one family houses.
Localities
The seat of the municipality is in Vallentuna, which is a contiguous built-up area, partly situated in TΓ€by Municipality. There are also smaller localities, such as Brottby, Karby, KΓ₯rsta and Lindholmen.
Demography
Population development
Income and Education
The population in Vallentuna Municipality has the 12th highest median income per capita in Sweden, although the share of highly educated persons, according to Statistics Sweden's definition: persons with post-secondary education that is three years or longer, is 28.6% and slightly over the national average, 27.0%.
Residents with a foreign background
On the 31st of December 2017 the number of people with a foreign background (persons born outside of Sweden or with two parents born outside of Sweden) was 6Β 009, or 18.11% of the population (33Β 175 on the 31st of December 2017). On the 31st of December 2002 the number of residents with a foreign background was (per the same definition) 3Β 458, or 13.35% of the population (25Β 905 on the 31st of December 2002). On 31 December 2017 there were 33Β 175 residents in Vallentuna, of which 4Β 667 people (14.07%) were born in a country other than Sweden. Divided by country in the table below - the Nordic countries as well as the 12 most common countries of birth outside of Sweden for Swedish residents have been included, with other countries of birth bundled together by continent by Statistics Sweden.
Present
Vallentuna has been expanding in recent years, and is one of the municipalities of the county that grows fastest every year, with more than 2% yearly, and has now doubled since 1971. Many people settle in Vallentuna because it is close to nature, and yet allows them to commute to their work places, both in Stockholm (to where the commuter gets you in 30 minutes) and elsewhere. In total, about 9,000 people commute from Vallentuna to other municipalities, while about 2,000 people commute into Vallentuna.
Public transportation
The municipality is served by the Stockholm public transport system through SL. There are nine stops on the narrow gauge Roslagsbanan suburban railway as well as a bus network.
Schools and education
All over the central part of Vallentuna you can find schools of different sorts, there is a cultureschool (Kulturskolan) that specialises in teaching music but also drama, musical and dance. Vallentunas "HΓΆgstadie skolor" (aimed for kids ages 12β16) are HjΓ€lmstaskolan, Vittra Vallentuna, Hammarbackskolan, BΓ€llstabergsskolan and Vallentuna Friskola. There also is a Secondary School ("gymnasieskola"), Vallentuna Gymnasium.
Sports
Vallentuna has two sports facilities; Vallentuna IP and Γsseby IP. Vallentuna IP is a modern sports facility with track & field, soccer fields, ice hockey rinks, tennis courts and trail runs. Γsseby IP has a track & field track, soccer field, trail runs, inside tennis courts, and an inside sports gym.
References
External links
Vallentuna Municipality - Official site
Municipalities of Stockholm County
Metropolitan Stockholm | [
0.04453695937991142,
-0.2693179249763489,
0.21166031062602997,
0.14143389463424683,
-0.38036882877349854,
0.1643334925174713,
1.4137693643569946,
-0.22348998486995697,
-0.5071620941162109,
-0.35312819480895996,
0.02298026531934738,
-0.12064044922590256,
-0.10845368355512619,
0.1090034544467926,
-0.9539809226989746,
0.5734700560569763,
0.31474754214286804,
1.2367454767227173,
-0.009535571560263634,
-0.3962520658969879,
0.027644429355859756,
0.0692698135972023,
0.08882834017276764,
0.8350039720535278,
0.05797369405627251,
0.12589697539806366,
0.2848818898200989,
0.8689662218093872,
0.5537711381912231,
-0.12046319991350174,
-0.6719115972518921,
1.1843723058700562,
-0.15225747227668762,
-0.08252933621406555,
0.3724680244922638,
-0.012460446916520596,
-0.23974214494228363,
-0.564054012298584,
0.12358510494232178,
0.47557199001312256,
-0.47171106934547424,
0.45869943499565125,
-0.543386697769165,
-0.20224210619926453,
0.3617021441459656,
-1.2161654233932495,
-1.3053193092346191,
0.7132226228713989,
-1.2195039987564087,
0.8346611261367798,
-0.7728403806686401,
0.3059549033641815,
-0.4004230201244354,
0.8786407113075256,
-0.24950744211673737,
-0.2446512132883072,
-0.8896759748458862,
0.26763179898262024,
-0.04721352085471153,
0.5136336088180542,
-0.07324513047933578,
0.1347748190164566,
-0.49071505665779114,
-0.4692046046257019,
0.7355696558952332,
-0.4650588631629944,
0.6988097429275513,
0.36148932576179504,
0.129413440823555,
-1.1503068208694458,
-0.552843451499939,
1.064149022102356,
-0.1694193333387375,
-0.31779778003692627,
0.3720994293689728,
-0.7316015958786011,
0.3313409686088562,
-0.48945000767707825,
0.32860633730888367,
-0.49794015288352966,
0.018017752096056938,
-0.3523143529891968,
1.119513988494873,
0.4909208118915558,
0.2437516152858734,
0.0008329973788931966,
-0.9538871645927429,
-0.4660162329673767,
-0.3971423804759979,
0.24125126004219055,
0.1526126265525818,
0.3603999614715576,
0.23054516315460205,
0.119004987180233,
0.2194775491952896,
0.24232828617095947,
-0.08099247515201569,
0.30723050236701965,
-0.2182505577802658,
0.9037287831306458,
-0.43225786089897156,
0.5146215558052063,
0.35141128301620483,
-0.04749123379588127,
-0.2170962244272232,
0.17395591735839844,
-0.44576141238212585,
0.030784523114562035,
-0.3443833589553833,
0.09719875454902649,
-0.8447343707084656,
0.26449277997016907,
0.3040684759616852,
-0.1533181369304657,
0.08702723681926727,
-0.13882160186767578,
-0.0900561586022377,
0.25897929072380066,
-0.3405836522579193,
-0.10870766639709473,
0.18285329639911652,
0.9195665717124939,
0.23567211627960205,
-0.33762866258621216,
0.2657144367694855,
-0.1160946786403656,
0.08800613880157471,
0.6482135653495789,
-0.012269090861082077,
0.025546176359057426,
0.7403416633605957,
0.8199625015258789,
-0.8288254141807556,
0.3426550328731537,
0.2776733338832855,
0.11125539988279343,
-0.168701633810997,
0.46122291684150696,
0.3818472921848297,
0.24973537027835846,
-1.1207807064056396,
0.11807052791118622,
-0.25232818722724915,
-0.37695449590682983,
0.36956995725631714,
0.025844616815447807,
-0.2707597315311432,
-0.43741917610168457,
-0.6205705404281616,
-0.30948203802108765,
0.7569735646247864,
0.20669454336166382,
0.048265062272548676,
0.15185309946537018,
-0.03407406061887741,
0.13605289161205292,
-0.1594110131263733,
-0.09575621038675308,
-0.14987190067768097,
0.4555128812789917,
0.5191538333892822,
-0.21527040004730225,
0.32024940848350525,
-0.35518699884414673,
0.23281782865524292,
-0.012198768556118011,
-0.2992554306983948,
0.9338443279266357,
1.0467877388000488,
-0.41657090187072754,
-0.9878799319267273,
-0.5211188793182373,
0.8677551746368408,
-0.36987540125846863,
0.4564405381679535,
-0.3553418517112732,
0.1661241352558136,
0.3652184009552002,
0.172773540019989,
-0.37138786911964417,
-1.1300691366195679,
-0.001341210096143186,
0.2139839231967926,
-0.4153698682785034,
-0.300311803817749,
0.7892595529556274,
0.2295578420162201,
0.16647613048553467,
-0.11651723086833954,
-0.13658922910690308,
-0.2677164673805237,
-0.3147556483745575,
0.7488505840301514,
0.5349620580673218,
0.7089882493019104,
-0.020142994821071625,
-0.5163256525993347,
0.21630755066871643,
-0.2929278612136841,
-0.15774139761924744,
-0.2597023844718933,
-0.6643086075782776,
0.5280796885490417,
-0.3252103924751282,
-0.08914873749017715,
0.310514360666275,
-0.050384387373924255,
0.10055336356163025,
-0.5647489428520203,
1.1898698806762695,
-0.8335198163986206,
-0.7680566906929016,
0.5445689558982849,
0.5978860259056091,
-0.5314926505088806,
-0.38959112763404846,
-0.49265703558921814,
0.1929219365119934,
0.6166651248931885,
-0.40484198927879333,
0.36071890592575073,
0.2319025695323944,
-0.255182147026062,
-0.5364459156990051,
0.18431459367275238,
0.5499058365821838,
0.2832789123058319,
1.1841853857040405,
0.22241157293319702,
-0.4653935432434082,
0.6004437208175659,
-0.25776854157447815,
0.5858416557312012,
-0.010565006174147129,
-0.08777384459972382,
-0.4629359543323517,
-0.163107767701149,
0.6134205460548401,
0.015515579842031002,
-0.41935810446739197,
0.30254772305488586,
-0.252288818359375,
-0.20589496195316315,
-0.2078321874141693,
0.8868839144706726,
1.254608392715454,
-0.6709440350532532,
-0.240289106965065,
0.17285674810409546,
-0.7992595434188843,
-0.08284495025873184,
-0.07315455377101898,
0.05251952260732651,
-0.48275959491729736,
-0.23790690302848816,
-0.018037522211670876,
0.037217509001493454,
0.2501191198825836,
0.6994404792785645,
0.5597173571586609,
-0.6056961417198181,
0.004917134065181017,
0.31004953384399414,
0.311848521232605,
-0.7144767045974731,
-0.513327956199646,
0.21004098653793335,
-0.7182279229164124,
0.6866679191589355,
0.21523845195770264,
0.05339808389544487,
-0.4874456822872162,
-0.41934481263160706,
0.28003740310668945,
0.1136878952383995,
-0.5358651876449585,
-0.47393250465393066,
0.20532138645648956,
-0.8748199343681335,
0.10404682904481888,
0.3318348526954651,
0.7822883725166321,
-0.17485903203487396,
-1.2494796514511108,
-0.2894928753376007,
-0.08573362231254578,
0.5540089011192322,
0.6147797107696533,
-0.062273457646369934,
-0.369375616312027,
-0.9333537817001343,
0.23668816685676575,
-0.5334032773971558,
-0.27507123351097107,
-0.017042091116309166,
-0.1789301633834839,
-0.29925698041915894,
0.1582254022359848,
0.5283517241477966,
-0.35894253849983215,
-0.9868625998497009,
0.34517809748649597,
0.024197924882173538,
0.5193202495574951,
-0.3638146221637726,
-0.066618412733078,
0.4620681405067444,
-0.36569076776504517,
-4.099265098571777,
0.07130712270736694,
-0.46621522307395935,
-0.4013839066028595,
0.1857464462518692,
0.3954545557498932,
0.41499707102775574,
-0.4221547544002533,
0.004585683811455965,
0.08084902912378311,
0.5016000866889954,
-0.09161127358675003,
0.4896198809146881,
1.384427547454834,
0.7350280284881592,
0.24564963579177856,
0.11429564654827118,
-0.12578201293945312,
-0.11175943166017532,
0.04277924820780754,
-0.36058309674263,
-0.31989333033561707,
-0.8079398274421692,
0.3982110321521759,
0.17141921818256378,
0.21360567212104797,
0.21763770282268524,
-0.32243216037750244,
-0.30284547805786133,
-0.7569002509117126,
0.022464336827397346,
-0.23225483298301697,
-0.03933822736144066,
-0.09983554482460022,
-0.7481028437614441,
0.2760292887687683,
0.36217522621154785,
0.6214393377304077,
0.3411780297756195,
-1.109732747077942,
0.03356999158859253,
1.3970146179199219,
0.00816497765481472,
-0.7192037105560303,
0.4643964469432831,
0.028962185606360435,
-1.1165053844451904,
0.2558908760547638,
-0.9993452429771423,
1.1803261041641235,
0.8201581239700317,
-0.7357536554336548,
0.7793524861335754,
-0.16784299910068512,
0.08729354292154312,
-0.6236482858657837,
0.380158394575119,
-0.0807427316904068,
-0.12162800133228302,
0.926281213760376,
0.2605660557746887,
0.14117033779621124,
-0.4791417121887207,
-0.7669128179550171,
-0.402413010597229,
0.1504269242286682,
0.6049460172653198,
0.7527341246604919,
0.6921983957290649,
-0.09861333668231964,
0.07722169905900955,
-0.0817049890756607,
-0.7369633316993713,
-1.0177257061004639,
-0.6612956523895264,
-0.8509014844894409,
-0.5938699245452881,
-0.36890894174575806,
-0.2523612678050995,
0.2293974906206131,
-0.4210539758205414,
-0.21347859501838684,
0.214638814330101,
0.4437115490436554,
0.1837317943572998,
-0.42523106932640076,
-0.11915406584739685,
-0.06631648540496826,
0.191073939204216,
-1.1293575763702393,
0.3097679913043976,
0.10414080321788788,
0.37605011463165283,
0.21818877756595612,
-0.7675925493240356,
0.8380898237228394,
0.056473392993211746,
0.005720787215977907,
-0.18977202475070953,
-0.8894311189651489,
1.2333496809005737,
0.032403647899627686,
0.9032586216926575,
0.03339240327477455,
-0.4917149543762207,
-0.08570712804794312,
0.5684192180633545,
0.46211910247802734,
-0.36717110872268677,
0.09996867179870605,
0.20262770354747772,
0.32280233502388,
-0.34544575214385986,
-1.1639900207519531,
0.7795693874359131,
-0.22288087010383606,
-0.032438118010759354,
1.0523719787597656,
-0.14374133944511414,
0.09672166407108307,
0.10490888357162476,
0.18673425912857056,
0.6220495104789734,
0.34490182995796204,
0.017498889937996864,
-0.623279333114624,
-0.15224796533584595,
0.42517733573913574,
-0.10183706879615784,
0.4119357466697693,
0.4450637996196747,
0.42662709951400757,
-0.11685895919799805,
-0.5208914279937744,
-0.027344798669219017,
-0.4432235658168793,
-0.41313043236732483,
0.038773808628320694,
0.16502144932746887,
0.10355722904205322,
1.1267141103744507,
-0.4033191204071045,
-0.32315829396247864,
0.7509289979934692,
-0.9027225971221924,
0.29987818002700806,
0.0824127346277237,
0.21539396047592163,
-1.190746784210205,
-0.11624705791473389,
-1.3923099040985107,
-0.6015881299972534,
-0.0511120967566967,
-0.9113060235977173,
0.6430367827415466,
-0.5203320980072021,
0.4008614122867584,
0.201618954539299,
-0.06864325702190399,
0.07187039405107498,
-0.062639981508255,
-0.5746377110481262,
-1.304347038269043,
0.4610264003276825,
0.08913646638393402,
0.19213393330574036,
-0.6737602353096008,
-0.18016354739665985,
-0.4761996567249298,
0.7229530811309814,
-0.5486677289009094,
-1.446116328239441,
-0.7122755646705627,
-0.49369436502456665,
-0.028940992429852486,
-0.47486332058906555,
0.11562616378068924,
-0.09561077505350113,
-1.2717841863632202,
-0.2035716325044632,
0.13761983811855316,
0.22162334620952606,
-0.28974810242652893,
0.21661657094955444,
0.6738908886909485,
-0.592395007610321,
-0.7110967040061951,
0.03398224338889122,
-0.627418577671051,
-0.7754045128822327,
-0.049895863980054855,
0.21961469948291779,
0.49175652861595154,
0.09153921902179718,
0.4380556344985962,
-1.2598074674606323,
0.2520580291748047,
-0.2760997414588928,
-0.025231122970581055,
-0.4370441734790802,
0.2756238877773285,
0.7022411823272705,
0.4916957914829254,
1.0585228204727173,
0.21296434104442596,
-0.6387096047401428,
0.3670066297054291,
1.004055380821228,
-0.5514973998069763,
0.4207817316055298,
-1.3640985488891602,
-0.1556570827960968,
0.24122676253318787,
0.3454253673553467,
-0.030911825597286224,
0.04069804772734642,
0.608491837978363,
-0.3040706217288971,
-0.942840039730072,
0.005838579498231411,
-0.9924744367599487,
-0.1329740285873413,
-0.16326647996902466,
-0.45462608337402344,
-0.49760907888412476,
0.042117614299058914,
-0.008415495976805687,
-0.2014336735010147,
1.5369700193405151,
-0.1306130439043045,
0.857672393321991,
-0.2822352945804596,
0.5946832895278931,
-0.4503873288631439,
-0.22783003747463226,
0.3494616448879242,
0.0070932600647211075,
0.42908143997192383,
0.7480794787406921,
0.19076143205165863,
0.08474321663379669,
0.7926531434059143,
-0.4056088924407959,
0.08883136510848999,
0.22154682874679565,
-0.5222876667976379,
0.6664975881576538,
-0.0204707570374012,
-1.0640575885772705,
0.61060631275177,
-0.6591510772705078,
-0.7329283356666565,
-0.04679908975958824,
0.60427325963974,
1.1707112789154053,
0.11103732883930206,
-0.3619256615638733,
0.8557042479515076,
0.3337439298629761,
0.41896095871925354,
0.4740830957889557,
-0.7504730820655823,
-0.17028063535690308,
0.02535441145300865,
0.16513413190841675,
0.44038647413253784,
0.21539127826690674,
-0.3158978819847107,
1.1628084182739258,
-0.12906071543693542,
0.01204951386898756,
-0.09434500336647034,
0.6077114939689636,
-0.22539786994457245,
-0.041577041149139404,
0.03487342596054077,
-0.09519783407449722,
-0.7231011986732483,
0.5247820019721985,
-0.5164017677307129,
-0.2415909320116043,
0.6656962633132935,
-0.2003987580537796,
0.19109395146369934,
-0.28713762760162354,
-0.49629852175712585,
-0.2419155389070511,
-0.4048246741294861,
-0.7907005548477173,
0.5900442600250244,
-0.06550344824790955,
-0.31044745445251465,
0.2503698468208313,
0.2610395550727844,
0.3134283423423767,
0.9344054460525513,
-0.05850481986999512,
0.48734796047210693,
-0.3676735460758209,
0.005500583443790674,
-0.5220944881439209,
-0.007717251777648926,
-0.5257129669189453,
-0.33645930886268616,
0.09955498576164246,
0.2599765360355377,
-0.7114469408988953,
0.26813000440597534,
-0.7283210754394531,
0.3789614737033844,
0.055863719433546066,
-0.11563894152641296,
-0.08263292908668518,
1.0095773935317993,
-0.6141861081123352,
0.24057962000370026,
0.47780507802963257,
-0.6901148557662964,
-0.32268333435058594,
0.5106279850006104,
0.35811299085617065,
1.026595115661621,
-0.09738975763320923,
0.1473471224308014,
0.3233257234096527,
1.4215021133422852,
0.4224262833595276,
0.2957722544670105,
0.03117354027926922,
-0.8666980266571045,
-0.3794216215610504,
-0.21414141356945038,
-0.5436348915100098,
1.0054258108139038,
-0.9603898525238037,
0.24569591879844666,
0.21578329801559448,
-0.7133324146270752,
-0.5332610607147217,
0.224179208278656,
0.030768834054470062,
1.1324458122253418,
-0.051427263766527176,
0.5168485045433044,
0.5125205516815186,
-0.1748449206352234,
0.7355263233184814,
-0.056755851954221725,
-0.26431646943092346,
-0.5401864647865295,
0.3551088869571686,
-0.2640036642551422,
0.17573285102844238,
-0.5180989503860474,
-0.2610558271408081,
0.08855193853378296,
-0.5730405449867249,
-0.08366140723228455,
-0.9143953919410706,
0.16950738430023193,
-0.034602485597133636,
-0.8306023478507996,
0.11627239733934402,
0.40342915058135986,
-0.6314302682876587,
-1.0732520818710327,
0.34733301401138306,
0.08612825721502304,
0.0037259457167237997,
0.9038909673690796,
-0.5469935536384583,
-0.1445634812116623,
-0.13542155921459198,
-0.4808734953403473,
-0.12735769152641296,
0.1797754019498825,
-0.07122524082660675,
0.9361580610275269,
-0.5056664347648621,
0.9251242280006409,
0.3782116770744324,
0.5489773750305176,
0.02683941088616848,
-0.6989990472793579,
-0.3740299940109253,
-0.30858463048934937,
-0.15624265372753143,
0.1440984606742859,
0.2416350394487381,
0.4112951457500458,
0.6773213148117065,
0.1296137124300003,
0.3573143780231476,
0.7215924263000488,
-0.8468708992004395,
-0.12397574633359909,
-0.19754177331924438,
0.323203980922699,
0.46312981843948364,
-0.7478288412094116,
0.1920934021472931,
0.21624745428562164,
-0.40003448724746704,
0.37317511439323425,
0.25132495164871216,
0.2455417364835739,
-0.07370617985725403,
0.07342838495969772,
0.19454874098300934,
0.5233532190322876,
0.6713142991065979,
0.6304707527160645,
-0.08378823101520538,
0.308705598115921,
-0.5570106506347656,
0.4137791097164154,
0.5666941404342651,
-0.5457963943481445,
0.10834576189517975,
0.28283989429473877,
-0.06456892937421799,
-0.2648633122444153,
0.7282642722129822,
0.668220579624176,
-0.12860457599163055,
0.25659501552581787,
-0.21982906758785248,
-0.3136043846607208,
0.0448392815887928,
-0.3499036431312561,
-0.2968999743461609,
-0.7169716358184814,
-0.4999149441719055,
0.05364704877138138,
0.0010694564552977681,
-0.07697201520204544,
-0.3195507824420929,
0.05846153944730759,
0.7843614816665649,
-0.3156556189060211,
-0.643722414970398,
-0.3108878433704376,
-0.3515492081642151,
0.08377464860677719,
-0.4248447120189667,
0.875089704990387,
-0.8678849935531616,
-0.8210824728012085,
-0.6330570578575134,
-0.0959954485297203,
-0.7157372832298279,
-0.8824186325073242,
0.6513598561286926,
-0.35361772775650024,
-0.40115562081336975,
0.607606053352356,
0.5157094597816467,
-0.6348420977592468,
-0.22358611226081848,
-0.04875190183520317
]
|
128322 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaxholm%20Municipality | Vaxholm Municipality | Vaxholm Municipality (Vaxholms kommun or Vaxholms stad) is a municipality within Stockholm archipelago in Stockholm County in east central Sweden. The municipal slogan is "Vaxholm β the capital of the archipelago", due to its central location in the archipelago. Its seat is located in the city of Vaxholm.
From 1974 to 1984 Vaxholm was united with ΓsterΓ₯ker Municipality, making up a municipality called Vaxholm, but with the seat in Γ
kersberga. After the "divorce" the new Vaxholm Municipality came out larger than it had been before the amalgamation. The municipality prefers to style itself City of Vaxholm.
64 islets are in the municipality, and also the peninsula Bogesundslandet.
Localities
KullΓΆ, 201 inhabitants (2000)
Oskar-Fredriksborg, 692 inhabitants (2000)
ResarΓΆ, 2,079 inhabitants (2000)
Vaxholm, 4,887 inhabitants (2000)
Ytterby (mine), a renowned village
Demography
Population development
Income and Education
The population in Vaxholm Municipality has the 8th highest median income per capita in Sweden. The share of highly educated persons, according to Statistics Sweden's definition: persons with post-secondary education that is three years or longer, is 36.4% (national average: 27.0%) and the 14th highest in the country.
Residents with a foreign background
On the 31st of December 2017 the number of people with a foreign background (persons born outside of Sweden or with two parents born outside of Sweden) was 1Β 599, or 13.52% of the population (11Β 831 on the 31st of December 2017). On the 31st of December 2002 the number of residents with a foreign background was (per the same definition) 1Β 044, or 10.84% of the population (9Β 631 on the 31st of December 2002). On 31 December 2017 there were 11Β 831 residents in Vaxholm, of which 1Β 285 people (10.86%) were born in a country other than Sweden. Divided by country in the table below - the Nordic countries as well as the 12 most common countries of birth outside of Sweden for Swedish residents have been included, with other countries of birth bundled together by continent by Statistics Sweden.
Economy
The municipality has a significant amount of tourism. Ships transporting passengers between the islands began running on a daily basis in the 1850s. Today, many of islands (among them the main island Vaxholm) can also be reached by bridges from the mainland. The tourist boats depart from Stockholm's Slussen.
References
External links
Vaxholm Municipality - Official site
Municipalities of Stockholm County
Metropolitan Stockholm | [
0.18222559988498688,
-0.05489851534366608,
0.9071530103683472,
0.45590516924858093,
-0.593887448310852,
-0.11673428863286972,
1.0598410367965698,
-0.7674390077590942,
-0.729665219783783,
-0.25231945514678955,
-0.176671102643013,
-0.3346101939678192,
-0.4304928779602051,
0.0173553004860878,
-0.6539032459259033,
0.1086859256029129,
0.6876606345176697,
0.7547768950462341,
-0.09231974184513092,
-0.8747272491455078,
0.01897449977695942,
-0.13729196786880493,
0.43345001339912415,
0.5317164063453674,
0.17671649158000946,
-0.03082657791674137,
0.632978618144989,
0.6517022252082825,
0.24050331115722656,
0.14059312641620636,
-0.46268025040626526,
0.8448055982589722,
-0.14818088710308075,
0.1615196168422699,
0.10182029008865356,
-0.12609679996967316,
-0.11026174575090408,
-0.4348521828651428,
0.31305524706840515,
0.0017385333776474,
-0.5146794319152832,
0.3574353754520416,
-0.49024373292922974,
-0.03738508000969887,
0.20011691749095917,
-1.3585485219955444,
-0.8831196427345276,
0.55240797996521,
-1.2807128429412842,
0.7870950102806091,
-0.9909344911575317,
0.3795245587825775,
-0.3247225284576416,
0.8878761529922485,
0.24686425924301147,
-0.461025208234787,
-0.6809731125831604,
0.23831865191459656,
-0.06360643357038498,
0.5616717338562012,
-0.15887725353240967,
0.3371124863624573,
-0.32156580686569214,
-0.31597259640693665,
0.9717837572097778,
-0.19417846202850342,
0.48560816049575806,
0.16850127279758453,
0.32037752866744995,
-0.8310368657112122,
-0.9950316548347473,
0.9236131310462952,
0.11317689716815948,
-0.025695152580738068,
0.3954789638519287,
-0.5508014559745789,
0.41828277707099915,
-0.24023279547691345,
0.6310922503471375,
-0.2744443118572235,
0.2894515097141266,
-0.3747355341911316,
1.1767114400863647,
0.5592541694641113,
0.12073439359664917,
0.10287544131278992,
-0.8868927955627441,
-0.9115248918533325,
-0.29457494616508484,
0.49846479296684265,
-0.049211617559194565,
0.5070680379867554,
0.2681169807910919,
0.0935189500451088,
0.5038175582885742,
0.3313550055027008,
-0.19851823151111603,
0.4010743796825409,
0.013207579031586647,
0.8421311974525452,
-0.5501193404197693,
0.5544686913490295,
0.442556232213974,
0.20593535900115967,
0.1200055256485939,
-0.6721808910369873,
-0.4223146140575409,
0.13770848512649536,
-0.6213164329528809,
-0.49968090653419495,
-1.1921507120132446,
0.42556485533714294,
0.0023791445419192314,
-0.3540897071361542,
0.156591534614563,
0.22771495580673218,
0.12101008743047714,
0.056938327848911285,
-0.09468533098697662,
0.2062787264585495,
0.06782756000757217,
1.075934886932373,
0.4008236229419708,
-0.4802272915840149,
0.05855666473507881,
-0.4324498772621155,
0.18344391882419586,
0.7557055354118347,
-0.3042815625667572,
0.25882017612457275,
0.40118569135665894,
0.89886075258255,
-0.9398863315582275,
0.38283637166023254,
0.016016880050301552,
-0.055868394672870636,
0.0637761577963829,
0.5495861172676086,
0.3362935781478882,
0.050235819071531296,
-1.004078984260559,
-0.4071349501609802,
-1.0827529430389404,
-0.2569752037525177,
0.2742862105369568,
-0.06800245493650436,
0.04865552857518196,
-0.6473903059959412,
-0.5023458003997803,
-0.2483092099428177,
0.8028467893600464,
0.41506651043891907,
0.19552966952323914,
0.09014806151390076,
-0.12921513617038727,
-0.2507244646549225,
0.21382933855056763,
-0.10816400498151779,
0.022187890484929085,
0.6197220087051392,
0.1732092946767807,
-0.15386620163917542,
0.375560998916626,
-0.37876051664352417,
0.23948711156845093,
0.06204300373792648,
0.2795960605144501,
0.5772973299026489,
0.85911625623703,
-0.04074043035507202,
-0.7742981910705566,
-0.40836766362190247,
0.5633719563484192,
-0.49113839864730835,
0.39328131079673767,
-0.29299068450927734,
0.17946001887321472,
0.13407233357429504,
0.12107092142105103,
-0.05067940428853035,
-0.9014068245887756,
0.23163387179374695,
-0.07306598871946335,
-0.04197762906551361,
-0.18424272537231445,
1.0140290260314941,
-0.06159431114792824,
0.2667481303215027,
-0.1272028684616089,
-0.1873466968536377,
0.1456594169139862,
-0.3716070055961609,
0.8398926854133606,
0.9613651037216187,
0.7933236360549927,
0.07484641671180725,
-0.2073412537574768,
0.3699116110801697,
-0.2393510490655899,
0.2769988179206848,
-0.019860314205288887,
-0.4814380705356598,
0.37360790371894836,
-0.008282972499728203,
-0.14427609741687775,
0.9037504196166992,
-0.16179971396923065,
-0.14907421171665192,
-0.5829648375511169,
1.2523366212844849,
-0.5058665871620178,
-0.8138350248336792,
0.40472611784935,
0.33611464500427246,
-0.29955625534057617,
-0.38051676750183105,
-0.2693183124065399,
0.24721388518810272,
0.1043446958065033,
-0.4226885437965393,
0.6161817312240601,
0.03275800123810768,
-0.1541733592748642,
0.15754334628582,
0.14364705979824066,
0.6418518424034119,
0.2115715742111206,
1.026289939880371,
-0.27512115240097046,
-0.6738568544387817,
0.2849629521369934,
0.23136532306671143,
0.3535313308238983,
0.11963853985071182,
0.029036937281489372,
-0.18113727867603302,
0.17849217355251312,
0.5908073782920837,
0.40532466769218445,
-0.4572642743587494,
0.19308137893676758,
0.0460955984890461,
-0.07890316843986511,
-0.15478011965751648,
0.9075634479522705,
1.3402138948440552,
-0.4007874131202698,
-0.08442986756563187,
-0.3194441497325897,
-0.7424635291099548,
-0.09587110579013824,
-0.3234438896179199,
0.006759224459528923,
-0.26246771216392517,
0.11491907387971878,
-0.2536977231502533,
0.494289368391037,
0.13080179691314697,
-0.007360943593084812,
0.6759827733039856,
-0.6910292506217957,
0.25911104679107666,
0.3612113296985626,
-0.09883307665586472,
-0.8325009942054749,
-0.23863781988620758,
0.16511128842830658,
-0.8729198575019836,
0.5779767632484436,
0.35657188296318054,
-0.1424730122089386,
-0.6781899929046631,
-0.7142382264137268,
-0.8250775337219238,
-0.21530751883983612,
-0.26697978377342224,
-0.3444357216358185,
-0.035247817635536194,
-0.4250733256340027,
-0.16554677486419678,
0.33388981223106384,
0.4601387679576874,
-0.3712819516658783,
-1.151950716972351,
-0.2364409863948822,
-0.5573899149894714,
0.39136964082717896,
0.35002854466438293,
0.053594667464494705,
-0.3054846525192261,
-0.826103925704956,
0.32736921310424805,
-0.44097310304641724,
0.06057828292250633,
-0.029150862246751785,
0.16951394081115723,
-0.5247869491577148,
0.2910662889480591,
0.5938227772712708,
-0.3239392340183258,
-0.8541420698165894,
0.7471346855163574,
0.012042112648487091,
0.26189619302749634,
-0.3189430236816406,
-0.27720338106155396,
-0.1232396587729454,
-0.16447165608406067,
-4.358452320098877,
0.3183232843875885,
-0.41188180446624756,
0.060223933309316635,
-0.1835404336452484,
0.41978883743286133,
0.06530769914388657,
-0.46959567070007324,
-0.2555360198020935,
-0.22528520226478577,
0.3301795721054077,
-0.23463721573352814,
0.5213589072227478,
1.3151277303695679,
0.7568371891975403,
0.5773434042930603,
0.2450319230556488,
0.03579898551106453,
-0.01791965775191784,
-0.07364563643932343,
-0.389620304107666,
0.2451447695493698,
-0.5682215094566345,
0.04772075638175011,
0.5734440088272095,
0.28398051857948303,
0.32573363184928894,
-0.5611702799797058,
-0.5834837555885315,
-0.8612557649612427,
-0.15891027450561523,
-0.012110252864658833,
0.33467015624046326,
-0.16279271245002747,
-0.265625536441803,
0.3502383530139923,
0.18751008808612823,
0.7972124218940735,
0.08777667582035065,
-0.9086944460868835,
0.21209454536437988,
1.1705013513565063,
0.14858585596084595,
-0.42265236377716064,
0.26803460717201233,
0.1419701874256134,
-1.0542985200881958,
0.43847358226776123,
-1.1372559070587158,
0.7857854962348938,
0.6476882696151733,
-0.4273982048034668,
0.3302217423915863,
-0.0014951863558962941,
-0.39246323704719543,
-0.4620164930820465,
0.6909616589546204,
-0.20735476911067963,
-0.47740963101387024,
0.7324798703193665,
0.23562651872634888,
0.3049169182777405,
-0.3706713914871216,
-0.7707573175430298,
-0.5955525040626526,
0.08425075560808182,
0.30055078864097595,
0.640821635723114,
0.9097760915756226,
-0.013205920346081257,
0.10876032710075378,
0.3158857524394989,
-0.5587685108184814,
-1.05587899684906,
-0.7121435403823853,
-0.7968757152557373,
-0.625729501247406,
-0.09035471826791763,
-0.22286614775657654,
0.13199618458747864,
-0.6045187711715698,
-0.1763153225183487,
-0.15104450285434723,
0.7339484095573425,
-0.14960551261901855,
-0.7770623564720154,
-0.5476253628730774,
-0.044096969068050385,
-0.08759923279285431,
-0.8596398830413818,
0.20462989807128906,
-0.11881021410226822,
0.4381106197834015,
0.0006676813354715705,
-0.5613182187080383,
0.3000853657722473,
0.022522009909152985,
-0.39323267340660095,
-0.08233814686536789,
-0.8922594785690308,
0.9742811322212219,
0.08594069629907608,
0.605749785900116,
-0.236085906624794,
-0.41230013966560364,
0.09065966308116913,
0.6041535139083862,
0.612759530544281,
0.035569753497838974,
0.4912652373313904,
-0.04176545515656471,
0.019151467829942703,
-0.2737143933773041,
-1.2286098003387451,
1.080704927444458,
-0.6287832856178284,
-0.5673659443855286,
1.2870291471481323,
0.22127139568328857,
0.11760367453098297,
-0.07529889047145844,
0.380723237991333,
0.8568032383918762,
0.012271189130842686,
-0.5625916719436646,
-0.29574838280677795,
0.09332871437072754,
0.47526809573173523,
0.09567888081073761,
0.5661123394966125,
0.5331142544746399,
0.40238460898399353,
-0.5774440765380859,
-0.6751967668533325,
-0.39408013224601746,
-0.3393557667732239,
-0.4042193591594696,
0.1796257644891739,
0.4597848653793335,
0.027634020894765854,
1.0617493391036987,
-0.5660900473594666,
-0.06360460072755814,
0.5822061896324158,
-0.3167819678783417,
0.10897030681371689,
0.15805849432945251,
0.5677657127380371,
-1.1006451845169067,
-0.2446523904800415,
-1.134440302848816,
-0.9026861786842346,
0.36754870414733887,
-0.9952005743980408,
0.5238356590270996,
-0.5408626198768616,
0.3491663634777069,
0.2962731719017029,
0.27293649315834045,
-0.6128167510032654,
0.07073580473661423,
-0.8557375073432922,
-0.7874870300292969,
0.17819027602672577,
0.14363612234592438,
-0.04386977478861809,
-1.308946132659912,
-0.039420098066329956,
-0.38830649852752686,
0.863530695438385,
-0.2423589527606964,
-1.1466870307922363,
-0.9197786450386047,
-0.4624614417552948,
-0.1312301903963089,
-0.46178755164146423,
-0.32998335361480713,
0.35690829157829285,
-0.7075105309486389,
-0.21597185730934143,
0.2277051955461502,
0.038295306265354156,
-0.24535991251468658,
0.2733868956565857,
0.7360767126083374,
-0.3186344802379608,
-0.46371498703956604,
-0.08991838991641998,
-0.3354374170303345,
-0.3924960196018219,
0.008386058732867241,
0.15145808458328247,
0.7483299970626831,
-0.0567600280046463,
0.4183480739593506,
-1.1068381071090698,
0.19592709839344025,
-0.6147895455360413,
-0.2290993481874466,
-0.6469859480857849,
0.2548980414867401,
0.7564025521278381,
0.26457419991493225,
1.0838723182678223,
0.45594117045402527,
-0.33076736330986023,
0.5613162517547607,
0.5748142004013062,
-0.13754236698150635,
0.4830058813095093,
-1.3255127668380737,
-0.3198499083518982,
-0.18285919725894928,
0.6524269580841064,
-0.7667894959449768,
0.04053335264325142,
0.4802257716655731,
-0.32388797402381897,
-0.9062891006469727,
-0.44636356830596924,
-0.5599418878555298,
-0.25867512822151184,
-0.4696384072303772,
-0.621688961982727,
-0.8460442423820496,
0.16142340004444122,
-0.07456661015748978,
-0.4738231897354126,
1.5979903936386108,
-0.2375749796628952,
0.49990159273147583,
0.02694292552769184,
0.3739747703075409,
0.21815331280231476,
-0.5225724577903748,
-0.15644721686840057,
-0.20995019376277924,
0.36567723751068115,
0.26904669404029846,
0.5240150690078735,
0.6026139855384827,
0.9202094078063965,
-0.21952086687088013,
-0.3223665654659271,
0.0743873119354248,
-0.18873660266399384,
0.44487592577934265,
-0.07826043665409088,
-0.9796674251556396,
0.4471850097179413,
-0.27075380086898804,
-0.5601585507392883,
0.10575254261493683,
0.37002184987068176,
1.1806195974349976,
0.20877443253993988,
0.17357763648033142,
1.0247129201889038,
0.5016406774520874,
0.33139902353286743,
0.35472357273101807,
-0.255837619304657,
0.0022684894502162933,
0.20544514060020447,
0.11345881223678589,
0.4309297502040863,
0.18222345411777496,
0.37986287474632263,
0.8796970248222351,
-0.11365541070699692,
-0.37010854482650757,
-0.16484925150871277,
0.4433780312538147,
0.15839959681034088,
-0.37199169397354126,
-0.0202986728399992,
0.1042853519320488,
-0.4390571117401123,
0.23179464042186737,
-0.35259556770324707,
0.025449959561228752,
0.6599094867706299,
0.10482196509838104,
-0.16723184287548065,
-0.36569082736968994,
-0.38593563437461853,
-0.10753548890352249,
0.0013365625636652112,
-0.6799412369728088,
0.4730433225631714,
0.24681058526039124,
-0.551936686038971,
0.016035521402955055,
0.4613906443119049,
0.4715757966041565,
0.1863292008638382,
0.07647516578435898,
0.654229998588562,
0.009531049057841301,
-0.0019222258124500513,
-1.182834506034851,
0.17154569923877716,
-0.5693178772926331,
-0.3513716161251068,
0.36027804017066956,
-0.15835918486118317,
-0.3707806468009949,
0.03161861374974251,
-0.4683472812175751,
0.4156893491744995,
0.26934292912483215,
-0.13844549655914307,
0.12200739234685898,
0.8768407702445984,
-0.616705060005188,
0.33980774879455566,
0.36621832847595215,
-0.3135283589363098,
0.1140802875161171,
0.44706276059150696,
0.24583514034748077,
0.7015210390090942,
0.29429250955581665,
0.20356658101081848,
0.2308581918478012,
1.0246284008026123,
0.5420194864273071,
0.032912783324718475,
0.33832108974456787,
-0.44726264476776123,
-0.32839998602867126,
-0.2786557376384735,
-0.8417259454727173,
1.1315276622772217,
-0.588044285774231,
-0.04767651855945587,
0.12300530821084976,
-0.2482176423072815,
-0.46655046939849854,
0.7042738199234009,
0.07973290234804153,
1.0181138515472412,
0.009753374382853508,
0.5020931363105774,
0.28230392932891846,
-0.43744558095932007,
0.3718315660953522,
-0.016665365546941757,
0.09823450446128845,
-0.5391180515289307,
0.19401708245277405,
0.00437552947551012,
0.26751527190208435,
-0.6724601984024048,
-0.5328150391578674,
0.272026389837265,
-0.26683610677719116,
-0.5682613849639893,
-0.5467016696929932,
-0.537293553352356,
-0.39956575632095337,
-0.9771473407745361,
-0.1799345165491104,
0.3179422616958618,
-0.11790160834789276,
-0.643768846988678,
0.4076821506023407,
-0.12955190241336823,
-0.07158730924129486,
0.7203945517539978,
-0.14423300325870514,
-0.058379363268613815,
0.2996825575828552,
-0.3456636667251587,
-0.1414569467306137,
0.3453104496002197,
-0.025231558829545975,
0.42966434359550476,
-0.22378867864608765,
0.3734341263771057,
0.40862828493118286,
0.6099581122398376,
0.5129610300064087,
-0.9277551770210266,
-0.33797886967658997,
-0.40166527032852173,
-0.06980765610933304,
-0.03140942379832268,
0.5457867383956909,
0.1854044646024704,
0.3898971676826477,
-0.2020442634820938,
0.13151942193508148,
0.5460211634635925,
-1.1975200176239014,
-0.22395087778568268,
-0.43212583661079407,
0.4840681254863739,
0.5168584585189819,
-0.47658878564834595,
0.10669077187776566,
0.008782108314335346,
-0.11077219247817993,
0.08882798999547958,
0.21924085915088654,
0.3211739659309387,
-0.19469882547855377,
-0.22157838940620422,
-0.07201755791902542,
0.7893864512443542,
0.34198638796806335,
0.1469745934009552,
-0.11034336686134338,
0.3550909161567688,
-0.6236913800239563,
0.6305060982704163,
0.317787230014801,
-0.8851892948150635,
-0.025032322853803635,
0.30168288946151733,
-0.21821346879005432,
-0.1885547786951065,
0.2578318417072296,
0.46927767992019653,
-0.07519330829381943,
-0.22864045202732086,
-0.08374956250190735,
0.24687685072422028,
0.2939349412918091,
-0.1930367797613144,
-0.29418498277664185,
-0.18563294410705566,
-0.4481055736541748,
-0.2860269248485565,
-0.2214481681585312,
0.40146303176879883,
0.29845130443573,
0.7153461575508118,
0.4617297947406769,
-0.03011268563568592,
-0.3725440204143524,
-0.4284200072288513,
0.019545715302228928,
0.28914740681648254,
-1.8025723695755005,
0.5650600790977478,
-1.1635807752609253,
-0.4967384934425354,
-0.681990921497345,
-0.44029825925827026,
-0.17861749231815338,
-0.891825795173645,
0.9018610715866089,
-0.7513405084609985,
-0.09847352653741837,
0.8768837451934814,
0.28857406973838806,
-0.5664978623390198,
0.11869485676288605,
0.21831759810447693
]
|
128323 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A4rmd%C3%B6%20Municipality | VΓ€rmdΓΆ Municipality | VΓ€rmdΓΆ Municipality (VΓ€rmdΓΆ kommun) is a municipality in Stockholm County in east central Sweden. Its seat is in the town of Gustavsberg, with a population of 9,682 (2005), on the main island at an elevation of .
The municipality is named after the main island VΓ€rmdΓΆn, in size.
The municipality in its present form was created in 1974, when "old" VΓ€rmdΓΆ was amalgamated with Gustavsberg (which had been detached from it in 1902) and DjurΓΆ.
Geography
The municipality consists of 10,000 islands, all part of Stockholm archipelago. The larger islands are VΓ€rmdΓΆ, IngarΓΆ, FΓ₯gelbrolandet, DjurΓΆ/VindΓΆ, SvartsΓΆ, MΓΆja, RunmarΓΆ and NΓ€mdΓΆ. Gustavsberg is the main town, and there are also several villages and suburbs spread out such as DjurΓΆ, StavsnΓ€s, MΓΆrtnΓ€s, Hemmesta, Brunn, StrΓΆmma and Sandhamn.
History
The name VΓ€rmdΓΆ can be traced to 1314, but it is not clear what it means. (It is likely that it comes from the word vΓ€rmd, a small hot spring in the ocean which causes holes in the ice in winter, and which there are several of in the area.) The area has however been inhabited longer than that, probably from the Stone Age wherefrom remains are found. The people lived on fishing and the hunting of seals and sea birds. As the coast climate was not suitable for traditional cereal crops, the agricultural efforts were often directed towards the cultivation of potatoes.
After the introduction of steam boat lines around 1850, wealthy people in Stockholm started to build vacation houses around the stations. When today's main roads were built in the 1930s, only the steam boats serving islands remained, and the expansion continued. With the municipal reform in the 1970s, VΓ€rmdΓΆ was created through a merger between six small municipalities and adopted the coat of arms of Gustavsberg, with two porcelain ovens.
VΓ€rmdΓΆ is a rapidly expanding suburban area to Stockholm and also one of the most exclusive areas for vacation houses in Sweden. During the summer month, the population triples.
Industry
The industry of the municipality was dominated by the porcelain factory in Gustavsberg, established in the 1820s. Around the year 1900, 1,000 people were employed there, making it one of the largest working places in Sweden.
During the summer the population of the municipality triples due to the large number of tourists and vacation houses.
Demography
Population development
Residents with a foreign background
On the 31st of December 2017 the number of people with a foreign background (persons born outside of Sweden or with two parents born outside of Sweden) was 7Β 305, or 16.81% of the population (43Β 444 on the 31st of December 2017). On the 31st of December 2002 the number of residents with a foreign background was (per the same definition) 4Β 515, or 13.82% of the population (32Β 664 on the 31st of December 2002). On 31 December 2017 there were 43Β 444 residents in VΓ€rmdΓΆ, of which 5Β 683 people (13.08%) were born in a country other than Sweden. Divided by country in the table below - the Nordic countries as well as the 12 most common countries of birth outside of Sweden for Swedish residents have been included, with other countries of birth bundled together by continent by Statistics Sweden.
Transport
VΓ€rmdΓΆ is more easily accessible by water than by land. The boat service Waxholmsbolaget offers routes to various islands in the VΓ€rmdΓΆ archipelago. By land, the major road is the county road 222, a motorway from Stockholm. It ends in the ferry harbour of StavsnΓ€s, one of the major connection points in the Stockholm archipelago.
The municipality has no rail connection, but is served by a number of bus routes operated by Storstockholms Lokaltrafik, SL. Most buses terminate in Stockholm at Slussen. In 2018, the bus terminal was moved to a temporary terminal to the east, which has a higher capacity than the old slot.
Some of the major bus lines to VΓ€rmdΓΆ include 422 from Nacka, 425, 433, 434, and 474 from Stockholm. Bus connections have improved significantly since the addition of several routes in 2005.
Sports
The following sports clubs are in VΓ€rmdΓΆ Municipality:
VΓ€rmdΓΆ IF
VΓ€rmdΓΆ Hockey
Notable people
Peter JΓΆback
Henrik von Rehbinder
Felix Sandman
See also
StrΓΆmma Canal
References
External links
VΓ€rmdΓΆ Municipality - Official site
Municipalities of Stockholm County
Metropolitan Stockholm | [
0.07458342611789703,
0.5012585520744324,
0.41573366522789,
0.24764056503772736,
-0.7510255575180054,
-0.08240304887294769,
1.5587313175201416,
-0.6971789002418518,
-0.6695252060890198,
-0.19737975299358368,
0.019646530970931053,
-0.3688989579677582,
-0.3745739161968231,
0.2565668821334839,
-0.4313783347606659,
0.358901709318161,
0.26258382201194763,
0.8862518668174744,
0.024610333144664764,
-0.6442802548408508,
-0.17441192269325256,
-0.0610673688352108,
0.38593176007270813,
0.4986281991004944,
0.2974607050418854,
0.1771276295185089,
0.5523714423179626,
0.9232333302497864,
0.11182595044374466,
-0.2666943669319153,
-0.06784744560718536,
0.9557356834411621,
-0.17871472239494324,
-0.1780591607093811,
0.5954807996749878,
-0.11905523389577866,
-0.03180047869682312,
-0.6272728443145752,
0.08872535824775696,
0.13083593547344208,
-0.8058030605316162,
0.4541943669319153,
-0.3568214476108551,
-0.04762483388185501,
0.3963666260242462,
-1.6774711608886719,
-0.747925877571106,
0.4656629264354706,
-1.0242806673049927,
0.8308262825012207,
-0.8123235702514648,
0.20003367960453033,
-0.32275015115737915,
0.664391279220581,
-0.015348761342465878,
-0.06530330330133438,
-0.6442160606384277,
0.7299909591674805,
-0.17353297770023346,
0.5691101551055908,
0.04291916638612747,
-0.012996368110179901,
-0.6117537617683411,
-0.13801245391368866,
0.9813716411590576,
0.04539017751812935,
0.32701385021209717,
0.4088066518306732,
-0.1361425518989563,
-0.7455610036849976,
-0.8804344534873962,
0.36825335025787354,
0.0730576291680336,
0.12409860640764236,
0.4056548774242401,
-0.6650729775428772,
0.3324165940284729,
-0.25479182600975037,
0.13268642127513885,
-0.4776449203491211,
-0.035219691693782806,
-0.2135012298822403,
0.9626652002334595,
0.5801021456718445,
0.3478955626487732,
-0.1935146152973175,
-0.8256131410598755,
-0.8214743137359619,
-0.09389154613018036,
0.5618541836738586,
0.21318411827087402,
0.3502746820449829,
0.17723022401332855,
0.07890032976865768,
0.431619793176651,
0.18832038342952728,
-0.5344923734664917,
0.35358813405036926,
-0.091264508664608,
0.609157383441925,
-0.42446058988571167,
0.6303484439849854,
0.5325751304626465,
0.07649628818035126,
-0.1606169044971466,
0.029269473627209663,
-0.5848510265350342,
-0.10624365508556366,
-0.5727589130401611,
-0.5726205110549927,
-0.8962062001228333,
0.5111608505249023,
-0.1306559443473816,
-0.34647706151008606,
-0.03565358370542526,
0.5227901339530945,
0.021832793951034546,
0.35225510597229004,
0.2491896003484726,
0.12430891394615173,
0.30113813281059265,
1.1820707321166992,
0.01407820824533701,
-0.22510309517383575,
0.03212808817625046,
-0.37059128284454346,
-0.01397682260721922,
0.2707570791244507,
-0.0904008224606514,
0.620988130569458,
0.4178455173969269,
0.9324457049369812,
-0.573818564414978,
0.4459947645664215,
-0.13395965099334717,
0.01333424262702465,
0.11590249836444855,
0.6607335209846497,
0.41116294264793396,
0.253221333026886,
-1.084525227546692,
-0.02298189513385296,
-1.0012283325195312,
-0.5257015228271484,
0.0078784991055727,
-0.3273855447769165,
-0.14244528114795685,
-0.3356608748435974,
-0.5179477334022522,
-0.18365046381950378,
1.0607281923294067,
0.3639552593231201,
0.21863706409931183,
0.38305458426475525,
-0.19213630259037018,
0.20177927613258362,
0.030153661966323853,
-0.17180964350700378,
0.09894274175167084,
0.4589124321937561,
0.8058385848999023,
-0.01201698463410139,
0.46753814816474915,
-0.4179632067680359,
0.14079803228378296,
-0.13754069805145264,
-0.1459123194217682,
0.6484968066215515,
0.9892387986183167,
-0.7202375531196594,
-0.8883171081542969,
-0.40740373730659485,
0.7392149567604065,
-0.5878098607063293,
0.8798447251319885,
-0.425014853477478,
-0.09489008784294128,
0.21778210997581482,
0.005193695425987244,
0.07555225491523743,
-0.9543854594230652,
-0.10610437393188477,
-0.17820541560649872,
0.11263874918222427,
0.10827162861824036,
0.9784468412399292,
0.34055182337760925,
0.31538382172584534,
-0.05809937044978142,
0.2739519774913788,
-0.6755520701408386,
-0.603309154510498,
0.6594416499137878,
0.9022838473320007,
1.0680381059646606,
0.32794880867004395,
-0.0763983279466629,
-0.1871711164712906,
-0.17429329454898834,
0.2949597239494324,
-0.3329565227031708,
-0.888083279132843,
0.30771777033805847,
-0.05168616399168968,
-0.23686300218105316,
0.9816387891769409,
0.08143383264541626,
0.05459621176123619,
-0.947568416595459,
1.1775825023651123,
-0.4859333336353302,
-0.7720298171043396,
0.30051204562187195,
0.440297394990921,
-0.46406057476997375,
-0.11273559927940369,
-0.47833362221717834,
-0.10884477198123932,
-0.01626238040626049,
-0.3177628815174103,
0.3914779722690582,
-0.10615573078393936,
-0.26722225546836853,
0.2458965927362442,
0.02903848886489868,
0.5212938189506531,
0.2264695018529892,
1.240619421005249,
-0.19048018753528595,
-0.5931000709533691,
0.5928991436958313,
0.22866290807724,
0.595443606376648,
0.18512436747550964,
-0.26273900270462036,
-0.7115643620491028,
0.019350847229361534,
0.5669164657592773,
0.3727814853191376,
-0.40815600752830505,
0.3622760474681854,
0.054051946848630905,
-0.12837806344032288,
0.2504280209541321,
0.6578671336174011,
1.3854628801345825,
-0.5932591557502747,
-0.04900494962930679,
0.04972069710493088,
-0.6845723390579224,
0.029759293422102928,
-0.25129419565200806,
-0.04859716072678566,
-0.3979642689228058,
0.009923974052071571,
-0.005931932479143143,
0.3027871549129486,
0.3084491193294525,
0.23827692866325378,
0.42463546991348267,
-0.7824059128761292,
0.38855552673339844,
0.6232177019119263,
0.013223660178482533,
-0.7443212866783142,
-0.29385045170783997,
-0.03424415737390518,
-0.8153558373451233,
0.8269993662834167,
-0.18970774114131927,
0.028161432594060898,
-0.7519019246101379,
-0.8301311731338501,
-0.8849325776100159,
-0.14435496926307678,
-0.4192390441894531,
-0.1742706596851349,
-0.15843801200389862,
-0.7516966462135315,
-0.22931337356567383,
0.4613480567932129,
0.8788954615592957,
-0.2707720100879669,
-1.3641196489334106,
-0.46530401706695557,
0.038523118942976,
0.3620316982269287,
0.6132997274398804,
-0.11505330353975296,
-0.17828109860420227,
-0.8622369766235352,
0.2590077817440033,
-0.640528678894043,
0.25236278772354126,
-0.17690284550189972,
0.005534432362765074,
-0.21191474795341492,
0.4409932494163513,
0.6204597353935242,
-0.1777915507555008,
-0.9388405680656433,
0.6127157807350159,
-0.18011587858200073,
0.6548476815223694,
-0.4568776786327362,
-0.5585529208183289,
-0.20967131853103638,
-0.08583148568868637,
-3.9486989974975586,
-0.01801549270749092,
-0.3626624047756195,
-0.011049599386751652,
0.09445829689502716,
0.6056204438209534,
0.26272037625312805,
-0.4247532784938812,
0.07762885838747025,
0.0012140708277001977,
0.20029914379119873,
-0.40826550126075745,
0.6725744009017944,
1.38901686668396,
0.7386065721511841,
0.6986467838287354,
0.5127840042114258,
-0.31896522641181946,
-0.17590366303920746,
-0.10118227452039719,
-0.2329990714788437,
0.13167093694210052,
-1.0485714673995972,
-0.09804079681634903,
0.35873401165008545,
0.3934977948665619,
0.2265632599592209,
-0.3094731569290161,
-0.6136187314987183,
-0.6181959509849548,
0.29643958806991577,
0.15809279680252075,
0.11324082314968109,
-0.11067530512809753,
-0.7714136242866516,
0.14471286535263062,
0.5343755483627319,
0.8127029538154602,
0.11448013782501221,
-0.708357036113739,
0.09042512625455856,
1.0557825565338135,
0.1300387978553772,
-0.142952099442482,
0.24813340604305267,
0.10377772897481918,
-0.9919288158416748,
-0.1420743763446808,
-0.6746187210083008,
1.019447684288025,
0.5025555491447449,
-0.5509158372879028,
0.8584555387496948,
0.2425578534603119,
-0.5024533867835999,
-0.5671079158782959,
0.5986340045928955,
-0.17280209064483643,
-0.0018007082398980856,
0.85256028175354,
0.4185395836830139,
0.19089317321777344,
-0.385753333568573,
-1.2351493835449219,
0.030529765412211418,
0.1189253106713295,
0.501560389995575,
0.4785558581352234,
0.4588017463684082,
0.15790098905563354,
0.0018893086817115545,
0.40718668699264526,
-0.779765248298645,
-0.7832385301589966,
-0.5976927280426025,
-0.5367706418037415,
-0.4566071033477783,
-0.30683207511901855,
-0.022962233051657677,
-0.2583085894584656,
-0.8423232436180115,
-0.46576496958732605,
-0.09416360408067703,
0.6863088607788086,
-0.21340008080005646,
-0.8983720541000366,
-0.06188370659947395,
-0.07939767092466354,
0.2202690988779068,
-0.8036560416221619,
0.3388478755950928,
-0.09959154576063156,
0.3799477815628052,
0.26075634360313416,
-0.4418756663799286,
0.7118428945541382,
0.07317662239074707,
-0.3073316812515259,
0.20177198946475983,
-0.8479475378990173,
0.7184333801269531,
-0.28304749727249146,
0.5136485695838928,
-0.003373257117345929,
-0.8987994194030762,
-0.080355204641819,
0.4835352897644043,
0.36692726612091064,
-0.2199433445930481,
0.11410536617040634,
-0.13405373692512512,
0.18293112516403198,
-0.44192132353782654,
-0.7859045267105103,
1.4023016691207886,
-0.5238780975341797,
-0.30135148763656616,
1.431943416595459,
0.015284914523363113,
0.07482030987739563,
0.19344761967658997,
0.264462411403656,
0.5795516967773438,
0.26758676767349243,
-0.29305508732795715,
-0.42644262313842773,
0.1434132605791092,
0.16871939599514008,
-0.21233287453651428,
0.4951664209365845,
0.23340196907520294,
0.06390266865491867,
-0.6739951968193054,
-0.8242066502571106,
-0.267814040184021,
-0.5769875645637512,
-0.48540979623794556,
0.5526874661445618,
-0.17005771398544312,
0.1794445812702179,
1.036729097366333,
-0.31892716884613037,
-0.013314045034348965,
0.6577197909355164,
-0.7039985060691833,
0.17162294685840607,
0.31704774498939514,
0.5208509564399719,
-1.051533818244934,
-0.4943203330039978,
-1.532475233078003,
-0.8752790093421936,
0.6516737341880798,
-1.2010340690612793,
0.4480728805065155,
-0.4059937298297882,
0.4999656081199646,
0.4513716697692871,
0.24262821674346924,
-0.4166005849838257,
-0.2755734622478485,
-0.8201711773872375,
-1.075566291809082,
0.5837932229042053,
0.2341386079788208,
0.2418193370103836,
-0.6947893500328064,
-0.28768718242645264,
-0.4409019947052002,
1.0254135131835938,
-0.3132234811782837,
-1.3006072044372559,
-0.8190921545028687,
-0.6200776100158691,
-0.01833374984562397,
-0.6939525604248047,
-0.11931852251291275,
0.13665693998336792,
-0.7495564818382263,
-0.34086909890174866,
0.06086703762412071,
0.1737895905971527,
-0.08876016736030579,
0.7155974507331848,
0.7118005156517029,
-0.5549724102020264,
-0.7467369437217712,
-0.2657524347305298,
-0.6518185138702393,
-0.665131688117981,
0.11033125221729279,
0.3324875831604004,
0.5242221355438232,
-0.2727386951446533,
0.12373171001672745,
-1.3663709163665771,
-0.25317713618278503,
-0.91555255651474,
-0.24412444233894348,
-0.7258366346359253,
0.44918757677078247,
0.521733820438385,
0.6397430896759033,
1.202624797821045,
0.1737135946750641,
-0.6618173122406006,
0.4128477871417999,
0.9353847503662109,
-0.5847577452659607,
0.354516863822937,
-0.9205543398857117,
-0.27584511041641235,
-0.0033709141425788403,
0.17805182933807373,
-0.5333040952682495,
-0.16411791741847992,
0.2803688645362854,
-0.36746031045913696,
-0.7039406299591064,
-0.27726247906684875,
-0.7909252047538757,
-0.4804897904396057,
-0.28763076663017273,
-0.46280232071876526,
-0.7798152565956116,
0.1637805700302124,
-0.15975679457187653,
-0.8088157176971436,
1.2252097129821777,
-0.6634739637374878,
0.33904972672462463,
0.09613481909036636,
0.5148811340332031,
-0.027083421126008034,
-0.5596542954444885,
0.005176254082471132,
-0.19573944807052612,
0.7678601741790771,
0.3707491159439087,
0.5809484124183655,
0.566389262676239,
0.6213201880455017,
-0.2959930896759033,
0.09531968832015991,
0.04209762439131737,
-0.16498787701129913,
0.43585309386253357,
-0.09172611683607101,
-1.1304570436477661,
0.3596017360687256,
-0.46053722500801086,
-0.189617320895195,
-0.01690625213086605,
0.3051303029060364,
1.5680161714553833,
0.2996995449066162,
0.1387147754430771,
0.7765987515449524,
0.604987621307373,
0.34824368357658386,
0.1041310578584671,
-0.10913725942373276,
-0.13878493010997772,
0.09733354300260544,
0.2688043415546417,
0.5192983746528625,
0.4734894931316376,
-0.08921364694833755,
1.239677906036377,
0.07723086327314377,
-0.7274002432823181,
-0.4295606315135956,
0.8738177418708801,
0.10316108167171478,
-0.12270637601613998,
0.2871692180633545,
-0.06714741140604019,
-0.5602431297302246,
0.6484318375587463,
-0.38184303045272827,
0.3691616654396057,
0.5223886966705322,
-0.13638262450695038,
0.22394055128097534,
0.035394251346588135,
-0.2038561850786209,
-0.2388542890548706,
-0.023112984374165535,
-0.8492765426635742,
0.05177570879459381,
0.12186626344919205,
-0.3021382689476013,
0.07071506232023239,
0.34697386622428894,
0.14239001274108887,
0.37717729806900024,
-0.32405027747154236,
0.40315982699394226,
-0.6866250038146973,
0.009357291273772717,
-0.7387636303901672,
0.06398297101259232,
-0.2765592932701111,
-0.5431802272796631,
0.14474046230316162,
0.11629045754671097,
-0.2894115149974823,
0.08502478897571564,
-0.5346231460571289,
0.2125980257987976,
0.11961941421031952,
-0.1413436383008957,
-0.17909777164459229,
0.8163115382194519,
-0.5490783452987671,
0.26587778329849243,
0.21838770806789398,
-0.5061905980110168,
0.13501426577568054,
0.5686089396476746,
0.4519376754760742,
0.8911390900611877,
0.21695667505264282,
0.21358820796012878,
0.036263611167669296,
1.1445869207382202,
0.5694573521614075,
0.15551549196243286,
0.39533188939094543,
-0.6107977032661438,
-0.254682332277298,
-0.3595942258834839,
-0.8288906812667847,
1.0900638103485107,
-0.95969158411026,
0.11856188625097275,
0.0034001311287283897,
-0.514506459236145,
-0.01759164035320282,
0.3054649233818054,
-0.17806175351142883,
1.1707570552825928,
0.004079415462911129,
0.4146324396133423,
0.5250006318092346,
-0.3872310221195221,
0.22999423742294312,
-0.14518287777900696,
0.03220716118812561,
-0.4851248264312744,
0.12532885372638702,
0.13715288043022156,
0.40453994274139404,
-0.23988144099712372,
-0.6015730500221252,
0.003086525946855545,
-0.5064480304718018,
-0.24932077527046204,
-0.43270155787467957,
-0.4480520784854889,
-0.014384247362613678,
-1.0432078838348389,
-0.40948376059532166,
0.6320204734802246,
-0.27834221720695496,
-1.0462185144424438,
0.4028435945510864,
-0.09248524904251099,
-0.003311651526018977,
1.1642136573791504,
-0.15025286376476288,
-0.2291373461484909,
0.3709757626056671,
-0.4417940676212311,
-0.17712339758872986,
0.3828929662704468,
0.031021518632769585,
0.3948359191417694,
-0.30909669399261475,
0.5614962577819824,
0.3353879749774933,
0.6560112833976746,
0.009816152043640614,
-0.5376969575881958,
-0.41802889108657837,
-0.40477049350738525,
-0.15024426579475403,
0.5479446649551392,
0.5490520000457764,
0.0037242702674120665,
0.465334415435791,
0.05542286857962608,
-0.09239781647920609,
0.44797396659851074,
-0.7086937427520752,
-0.20574180781841278,
-0.2605248689651489,
0.18251733481884003,
0.7579652667045593,
-0.6710720658302307,
-0.04166388511657715,
0.038443028926849365,
-0.117667555809021,
0.3527945876121521,
-0.14471641182899475,
0.5596924424171448,
-0.22579306364059448,
0.052709951996803284,
-0.11528005450963974,
1.0460395812988281,
0.28599584102630615,
0.4095291197299957,
-0.06792481988668442,
0.4675480127334595,
-0.9586889743804932,
0.31358587741851807,
0.42661428451538086,
-1.0682517290115356,
0.004377475939691067,
0.535201370716095,
-0.1472874879837036,
0.05299637094140053,
0.4335012137889862,
0.7014669179916382,
-0.26693665981292725,
-0.046022675931453705,
-0.07692447304725647,
0.4726422131061554,
0.05669400468468666,
-0.011644566431641579,
0.035431064665317535,
-0.49622219800949097,
-0.24244540929794312,
-0.47469571232795715,
0.03655495494604111,
0.4722878634929657,
-0.14155806601047516,
0.5397570729255676,
0.5273958444595337,
0.1586971879005432,
-0.4492815434932709,
-0.5137953758239746,
-0.1498783975839615,
-0.16395986080169678,
-2.2550132274627686,
0.7722540497779846,
-1.2278281450271606,
-0.5068075060844421,
-0.5165857672691345,
-0.2287222445011139,
-0.11454588919878006,
-1.0483452081680298,
0.6239229440689087,
-0.4845546782016754,
-0.10856804996728897,
0.798538088798523,
0.5137551426887512,
-0.34787845611572266,
0.36908063292503357,
0.07381396740674973
]
|
128324 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96ster%C3%A5ker%20Municipality | ΓsterΓ₯ker Municipality | ΓsterΓ₯ker Municipality (, ) is a municipality in Stockholm County in east central Sweden. Its seat is located in the town of Γ
kersberga, with a population of 26,727 (2005).
From 1974 to 1982 ΓsterΓ₯ker was part of Vaxholm Municipality.
Its location by the Stockholm archipelago, in the Roslagen area, attracts both people who settles here, often commuting to Stockholm, and visiting tourists. ΓsterΓ₯ker boasts several golf courses, many possibilities for canoeing, horse riding, fishing and other nature activities.
ΓsterΓ₯ker also has a historical significance, with at least three notable castles from the 17th and 18th centuries, with histories tracing even further back.
Like many other municipalities making up Metropolitan Stockholm, ΓsterΓ₯ker has a significant outward-commuting mainly to Stockholm, with some 13,000 commuters.
Geography
Of the 800 islands and islets, the largest one is LjusterΓΆ, a community of its own covering the eastern side of the mainland, and accessible by car. Easy access is granted by regular ferries, including one old steam ship from 1898. Other major islands are Finnhamn, HusarΓΆ and IngmarsΓΆ.
Localities
Rydbo
SkΓ€rgΓ₯rdsstad
Svinninge
Γ
kersberga (seat)
ΓsterskΓ€r
Demography
Population development
Residents with a foreign background
On the 31st of December 2017 the number of people with a foreign background (persons born outside of Sweden or with two parents born outside of Sweden) was 8Β 916, or 20.20% of the population (44Β 130 on the 31st of December 2017). On the 31st of December 2002 the number of residents with a foreign background was (per the same definition) 5Β 079, or 14.25% of the population (35Β 633 on the 31st of December 2002). On 31 December 2017 there were 44Β 130 residents in ΓsterΓ₯ker, of which 7Β 117 people (16.13%) were born in a country other than Sweden. Divided by country in the table below - the Nordic countries as well as the 12 most common countries of birth outside of Sweden for Swedish residents have been included, with other countries of birth bundled together by continent by Statistics Sweden.
2018 Election
Elections to Swedish municipals are held every fourth year on the third Sunday in September. The 2018 election to the 51-seat council resulted in the centre-right Alliance of four parties (M, L, KD and C) staying in power.
Public transportation
ΓsterΓ₯ker is served by the Stockholm public transport system through SL. There are six stops on the narrow gauge Roslagsbanan suburban railway and buses to Stockholm and NorrtΓ€lje as well as an extensive internal bus network.
References
External links
ΓsterΓ₯ker Municipality - Official site
Municipalities of Stockholm County
Metropolitan Stockholm | [
-0.05592256411910057,
0.34301507472991943,
0.19986797869205475,
0.27101340889930725,
-0.3353082239627838,
0.029104186221957207,
1.0979543924331665,
-0.37443068623542786,
-0.49315381050109863,
-0.41846713423728943,
0.24062563478946686,
-0.3852509558200836,
-0.4350363314151764,
0.2130395770072937,
-0.8453618288040161,
0.2447969913482666,
-0.05742722377181053,
1.3137730360031128,
-0.1308925747871399,
-0.7383397817611694,
0.02053038403391838,
-0.27428239583969116,
0.16112802922725677,
0.604825496673584,
0.24633395671844482,
0.025964396074414253,
0.44859978556632996,
0.5651488304138184,
0.33851858973503113,
0.021692054346203804,
-0.552081823348999,
1.2746142148971558,
-0.13317443430423737,
0.05199778825044632,
0.3168509900569916,
-0.0545230396091938,
-0.06960539519786835,
-0.577679455280304,
0.48217809200286865,
0.3996574580669403,
-0.370938241481781,
0.533458948135376,
-0.4469355642795563,
-0.021852931007742882,
0.744070827960968,
-1.6900705099105835,
-1.075976848602295,
0.06469745934009552,
-1.3706326484680176,
0.8445913195610046,
-0.9410327076911926,
0.20286646485328674,
-0.17500966787338257,
0.7101923227310181,
-0.1262664943933487,
-0.15423327684402466,
-0.9477384686470032,
0.8773554563522339,
0.3102074861526489,
0.7682268619537354,
-0.031434349715709686,
0.10346090793609619,
-0.3671455681324005,
-0.42935317754745483,
0.8704681992530823,
-0.15684397518634796,
0.20712679624557495,
0.608544647693634,
0.1767084151506424,
-0.437588632106781,
-0.8971442580223083,
0.42470023036003113,
0.053097378462553024,
-0.07831356674432755,
0.4201826751232147,
-0.549697995185852,
0.5656724572181702,
-0.085957370698452,
0.2836245596408844,
-0.5058791637420654,
0.2784790098667145,
-0.29720696806907654,
0.7605206370353699,
0.9502285718917847,
0.36151084303855896,
-0.3099246621131897,
-1.1870099306106567,
-0.8798919916152954,
-0.23245494067668915,
0.2224009484052658,
0.19594445824623108,
0.3386990427970886,
0.026231827214360237,
0.061643946915864944,
0.394578218460083,
0.3185092508792877,
-0.45888635516166687,
0.1918410360813141,
-0.0348457396030426,
0.7764852046966553,
-0.38742882013320923,
0.7231923341751099,
0.3795260488986969,
0.08164865523576736,
0.056012675166130066,
-0.3705340325832367,
-0.3526105284690857,
-0.20004074275493622,
-0.14138779044151306,
-0.6961380839347839,
-0.8323936462402344,
0.5299603343009949,
-0.08505118638277054,
-0.36412563920021057,
0.054826945066452026,
0.33324626088142395,
0.16032345592975616,
-0.08237303048372269,
-0.14332057535648346,
0.019760893657803535,
0.10869577527046204,
0.9631965756416321,
-0.019994569942355156,
-0.10409265011548996,
-0.1370522826910019,
0.015153080224990845,
0.16100789606571198,
0.5470064878463745,
0.1597658395767212,
0.5630055665969849,
0.4126913547515869,
0.8553885817527771,
-0.769962728023529,
0.11370399594306946,
0.17969311773777008,
-0.02822054736316204,
0.5187387466430664,
0.9509931802749634,
0.4704083800315857,
0.49447548389434814,
-0.8758310675621033,
0.07212498784065247,
-1.0406759977340698,
-0.4773254096508026,
0.029267828911542892,
0.030714696273207664,
-0.4946678876876831,
-0.41972801089286804,
-0.4129607677459717,
-0.005943600088357925,
1.2386069297790527,
0.010285030119121075,
0.22005189955234528,
0.22450782358646393,
-0.3049202859401703,
0.09592322260141373,
-0.12636716663837433,
-0.28771188855171204,
-0.07217385619878769,
0.7248792052268982,
0.7600578665733337,
-0.7045468688011169,
0.5534021854400635,
-0.5588585138320923,
0.13001549243927002,
-0.09290378540754318,
0.1358032077550888,
0.4581439793109894,
0.8936063647270203,
-0.21867847442626953,
-1.0882806777954102,
-0.46733558177948,
0.1500703990459442,
-0.9553138613700867,
0.7162185311317444,
-0.10121569037437439,
-0.1190224289894104,
0.5535113215446472,
0.33574554324150085,
-0.16013233363628387,
-1.1622976064682007,
0.007819121703505516,
0.11285100877285004,
-0.10588161647319794,
-0.11407284438610077,
0.9487496018409729,
0.06513988971710205,
0.1878003627061844,
-0.051711127161979675,
0.13837061822414398,
-0.33491411805152893,
-0.657221257686615,
1.307543396949768,
0.7732819318771362,
0.9213466048240662,
0.17746447026729584,
-0.015560814179480076,
-0.680942952632904,
-0.22492331266403198,
0.19856353104114532,
-0.04626394063234329,
-0.5787517428398132,
0.11176326125860214,
-0.25082287192344666,
-0.21369192004203796,
1.1271331310272217,
-0.06372509151697159,
-0.15013061463832855,
-0.5143395662307739,
0.9151828289031982,
-0.48270681500434875,
-0.6090015769004822,
0.6367143988609314,
0.5662107467651367,
-0.43932709097862244,
-0.485431045293808,
-0.29967859387397766,
0.22979773581027985,
0.07532671838998795,
-0.5647562146186829,
0.061629168689250946,
0.11535124480724335,
-0.3229753375053406,
-0.12053316086530685,
0.24804136157035828,
0.5149049162864685,
0.45943182706832886,
1.1235712766647339,
-0.20393410325050354,
-0.6407869458198547,
0.9746316075325012,
0.17436721920967102,
0.6620979309082031,
-0.02158922515809536,
-0.3260326087474823,
-0.5292229056358337,
-0.11460112780332565,
0.10730014741420746,
0.4240459203720093,
-0.47472843527793884,
0.018889732658863068,
0.20749780535697937,
-0.34920215606689453,
-0.0440366268157959,
0.8995281457901001,
1.226244568824768,
-0.4247959852218628,
-0.09065264463424683,
0.10425505042076111,
-0.7569522261619568,
-0.23059993982315063,
-0.3856833875179291,
-0.0576481893658638,
-0.9839074611663818,
-0.2630787491798401,
-0.09125737100839615,
0.09182152152061462,
0.4825557768344879,
0.38909241557121277,
0.2565913796424866,
-0.8127021789550781,
-0.1029483824968338,
0.558478593826294,
0.29621103405952454,
-0.6925194263458252,
-0.8298319578170776,
0.09389883279800415,
-0.6461181044578552,
0.6447377800941467,
-0.3219633996486664,
-0.09845803678035736,
-0.46046873927116394,
-0.46857720613479614,
-1.2432336807250977,
0.08743587881326675,
-0.6408651471138,
-0.334605872631073,
0.1891261488199234,
-0.7102770805358887,
-0.08266597241163254,
0.7134864926338196,
0.9022437334060669,
-0.34484589099884033,
-0.9419606328010559,
-0.23307426273822784,
0.057788219302892685,
0.19827954471111298,
0.26088622212409973,
-0.1941106766462326,
-0.472220242023468,
-0.5793217420578003,
0.5486268997192383,
-0.6973147392272949,
0.33541691303253174,
0.24346065521240234,
0.1962898075580597,
-0.5989192724227905,
0.2818097770214081,
0.6496347188949585,
-0.41519346833229065,
-0.7593728303909302,
0.5124195218086243,
-0.05558816343545914,
0.6115383505821228,
-0.8251575827598572,
-0.07631393522024155,
-0.2890543043613434,
-0.1954580396413803,
-3.8166205883026123,
0.1950186789035797,
-0.6576317548751831,
0.06318262964487076,
-0.11027562618255615,
0.48117467761039734,
0.7387641072273254,
-0.48728615045547485,
-0.07962305843830109,
0.13848082721233368,
0.2729710042476654,
-0.462424099445343,
0.5250149369239807,
1.7099047899246216,
0.5993841290473938,
0.9998530745506287,
0.5548709034919739,
-0.24530574679374695,
0.16823482513427734,
-0.23233841359615326,
-0.386462539434433,
-0.018998196348547935,
-0.8508858680725098,
0.25055843591690063,
0.3777076303958893,
0.6288427710533142,
0.1492682546377182,
-0.04234377294778824,
-0.538999617099762,
-0.7547942399978638,
0.4175701439380646,
0.00012817472452297807,
-0.011656724847853184,
-0.2775046229362488,
-0.728776752948761,
0.1017143651843071,
0.3261207044124603,
0.9768007397651672,
-0.18637782335281372,
-0.8715943098068237,
0.005575334653258324,
1.3534034490585327,
-0.05934695526957512,
-0.017002541571855545,
0.5600528120994568,
-0.12782441079616547,
-1.0689458847045898,
-0.2065971940755844,
-0.6417684555053711,
1.0706976652145386,
0.26637065410614014,
-0.5588576793670654,
0.7959401607513428,
-0.10750076919794083,
-0.005411080084741116,
-0.5314732789993286,
0.5604646801948547,
-0.2780317962169647,
0.30819615721702576,
0.6569481492042542,
0.5103845596313477,
0.20406001806259155,
-0.2737826704978943,
-1.1631215810775757,
-0.2803080379962921,
0.16415150463581085,
0.5734544992446899,
0.5034993886947632,
0.7869199514389038,
-0.028605101630091667,
0.05216678977012634,
0.23481327295303345,
-0.5663174390792847,
-0.6212151050567627,
-0.7085127830505371,
-0.742149293422699,
-0.2697288691997528,
-0.022523807361721992,
-0.06021919846534729,
-0.014141399413347244,
-0.30275440216064453,
-0.019647829234600067,
-0.20797251164913177,
0.6286550164222717,
-0.3997708857059479,
-0.42638811469078064,
-0.12277372181415558,
-0.18294231593608856,
0.018308250233530998,
-0.8349225521087646,
0.3073221743106842,
-0.04235095903277397,
0.09671813994646072,
0.5692847967147827,
-0.49673449993133545,
0.6867186427116394,
0.006086139008402824,
-0.40732207894325256,
-0.12394016236066818,
-1.0447219610214233,
0.8703281283378601,
-0.2673526108264923,
0.49234539270401,
0.04792613536119461,
-0.5552932620048523,
-0.14779403805732727,
0.5147761702537537,
0.2957518994808197,
-0.30625858902931213,
0.07973752170801163,
0.12443806231021881,
-0.06981765478849411,
-0.3936149477958679,
-1.0915402173995972,
0.9782350063323975,
-0.4801580011844635,
-0.2042049914598465,
1.1667344570159912,
-0.14942586421966553,
0.28673896193504333,
0.18091391026973724,
0.2772080600261688,
0.472598135471344,
-0.21094080805778503,
-0.6816652417182922,
-0.4169597923755646,
0.30180805921554565,
0.20571449398994446,
-0.06303895264863968,
0.37011274695396423,
0.18061034381389618,
0.13080641627311707,
-0.5197464823722839,
-0.5862674713134766,
0.12358158826828003,
-0.792894184589386,
-0.6013377904891968,
0.06972748786211014,
0.18475371599197388,
0.39321526885032654,
0.909893274307251,
-0.1879275143146515,
-0.3062387704849243,
0.4137748181819916,
-0.5796425938606262,
0.13791687786579132,
0.46407660841941833,
0.5243711471557617,
-1.4307817220687866,
0.047855935990810394,
-1.5794392824172974,
-0.7340110540390015,
0.2914491593837738,
-1.3522281646728516,
0.43227115273475647,
-0.41819873452186584,
0.35057419538497925,
0.10461900383234024,
-0.052928537130355835,
-0.2451827973127365,
-0.09792724996805191,
-0.6499704122543335,
-0.8983611464500427,
0.5844582915306091,
-0.07106359302997589,
-0.20580877363681793,
-0.9291239380836487,
-0.4438479244709015,
-0.8351595997810364,
0.6219730377197266,
-0.5553752779960632,
-1.314595103263855,
-1.0146355628967285,
-0.33822834491729736,
0.07712233811616898,
-0.895480215549469,
0.0689212754368782,
0.3487894535064697,
-0.9005792737007141,
-0.5150583982467651,
0.10029754042625427,
0.438907653093338,
-0.5953375697135925,
0.21889851987361908,
0.6878135800361633,
-0.4201211631298065,
-0.41297727823257446,
-0.05788156017661095,
-0.6368514895439148,
-0.5288082361221313,
0.48223161697387695,
0.0619683675467968,
0.21945533156394958,
0.06347016245126724,
0.37920451164245605,
-1.1822153329849243,
0.07201575487852097,
-0.5961256623268127,
0.0456463061273098,
-0.7764789462089539,
0.6278823614120483,
0.694970428943634,
0.33952391147613525,
1.5002646446228027,
0.10980232059955597,
-0.6208006143569946,
0.6530980467796326,
1.009814977645874,
-0.4155466854572296,
0.5726467370986938,
-0.7382102608680725,
-0.72550368309021,
0.1576409488916397,
0.3602272570133209,
-0.38766777515411377,
0.11838021129369736,
0.48848360776901245,
-0.06501775979995728,
-0.5646299719810486,
-0.007456089835613966,
-0.7417552471160889,
-0.35181304812431335,
-0.4374438226222992,
-0.6421523690223694,
-0.7110893130302429,
0.24734382331371307,
0.05984063446521759,
-0.17337507009506226,
1.1714143753051758,
-0.6843003034591675,
0.6037159562110901,
0.32611212134361267,
0.7757534384727478,
-0.12102067470550537,
-0.27979767322540283,
0.2848595678806305,
-0.2628163993358612,
0.7502553462982178,
0.32997941970825195,
0.36554962396621704,
0.555306077003479,
0.47853219509124756,
0.15397052466869354,
-0.21932759881019592,
0.03893886134028435,
-0.15427519381046295,
0.640808641910553,
-0.16050447523593903,
-0.8198574185371399,
0.4608165919780731,
-0.21165050566196442,
-0.16434673964977264,
-0.472472608089447,
0.6098126769065857,
1.319795846939087,
0.2031600922346115,
-0.026794342324137688,
1.251329779624939,
0.3142978250980377,
0.36152809858322144,
0.18015165627002716,
-0.19377145171165466,
-0.5392194986343384,
0.5362433195114136,
0.19002921879291534,
0.39448752999305725,
0.41606810688972473,
-0.22513240575790405,
1.0887162685394287,
-0.0037371893413364887,
-0.5865973234176636,
-0.3875966966152191,
0.8613503575325012,
-0.11048094183206558,
-0.45285898447036743,
0.04796280711889267,
-0.22981329262256622,
-0.47165241837501526,
0.07368851453065872,
-0.6990818977355957,
0.48804694414138794,
0.6181235313415527,
0.019962690770626068,
-0.09328415989875793,
-0.1990138590335846,
-0.48033207654953003,
-0.10169785469770432,
-0.21622058749198914,
-0.8149431347846985,
0.5532094836235046,
0.0480317622423172,
-0.47798848152160645,
0.139810249209404,
0.4643794596195221,
0.3388873338699341,
0.24445971846580505,
-0.1832771897315979,
-0.02831699699163437,
-0.32828259468078613,
-0.09984512627124786,
-0.906799852848053,
0.10106950253248215,
-0.33356159925460815,
-0.07275163382291794,
0.4501546025276184,
0.10976676642894745,
-0.5585827231407166,
0.0660097599029541,
-0.7245296239852905,
0.4601793885231018,
0.1439233422279358,
-0.34615349769592285,
-0.10359044373035431,
1.3032010793685913,
-0.5852583050727844,
0.2887689471244812,
0.27149462699890137,
-0.6450940370559692,
0.00045715950545854867,
0.6151610612869263,
0.09766629338264465,
0.903500497341156,
0.21058791875839233,
0.1807371824979782,
0.2917941212654114,
1.0801295042037964,
0.4466686546802521,
0.5579569935798645,
0.23815926909446716,
-0.6854196190834045,
-0.41916102170944214,
-0.07043233513832092,
-0.6101673245429993,
1.1222187280654907,
-0.885540783405304,
0.07670366764068604,
0.20718708634376526,
-0.4256572723388672,
-0.19917182624340057,
0.1881614327430725,
-0.27387282252311707,
0.8078917860984802,
0.1485903263092041,
0.18416975438594818,
0.00680187763646245,
-0.3408106565475464,
0.3413587808609009,
-0.1851222813129425,
0.2366110384464264,
-0.5569992065429688,
-0.18646731972694397,
-0.24250885844230652,
0.2273460477590561,
-0.33667272329330444,
-0.4829336404800415,
0.16835729777812958,
-0.3528408408164978,
-0.3661242127418518,
-0.49148029088974,
-0.312312513589859,
-0.08953223377466202,
-0.8617473244667053,
-0.4021477699279785,
0.6088013052940369,
-0.26225772500038147,
-0.8931970000267029,
0.28241193294525146,
-0.21599224209785461,
0.012570135295391083,
1.1446902751922607,
-0.30082905292510986,
-0.4157795011997223,
0.33258718252182007,
-0.2850239872932434,
0.15476398169994354,
0.2966388463973999,
0.13211166858673096,
0.2012181282043457,
0.21513399481773376,
0.9218730926513672,
0.28574857115745544,
0.5840696692466736,
0.176589235663414,
-0.8021479845046997,
0.19924673438072205,
-0.08254076540470123,
-0.2819069027900696,
0.11269711703062057,
0.4692564308643341,
0.2611002027988434,
0.42944851517677307,
-0.17036586999893188,
0.21668919920921326,
0.5935760736465454,
-1.0827927589416504,
-0.051311615854501724,
-0.40131494402885437,
0.4439353942871094,
0.43734464049339294,
-0.5355271697044373,
-0.12727798521518707,
0.08093437552452087,
-0.4053869843482971,
0.24590548872947693,
0.19962607324123383,
0.6445523500442505,
-0.19420845806598663,
0.24650514125823975,
0.20679152011871338,
0.838541567325592,
0.4528029263019562,
0.3831193149089813,
-0.21748505532741547,
0.2967194616794586,
-0.4593258202075958,
0.3503137528896332,
0.15940548479557037,
-0.8040459156036377,
-0.25102508068084717,
1.057142972946167,
-0.21999359130859375,
-0.09744947403669357,
0.338024765253067,
0.46424755454063416,
-0.25677719712257385,
0.14905139803886414,
0.1308569312095642,
-0.0022285606246441603,
0.7151740193367004,
-0.336125910282135,
0.057318735867738724,
-0.3457813858985901,
0.04215867817401886,
-0.2671761214733124,
0.38034874200820923,
0.39650484919548035,
-0.21292409300804138,
0.693749189376831,
0.7075531482696533,
0.1563635915517807,
-0.286873459815979,
-0.7836984395980835,
0.07396802306175232,
-0.06550922244787216,
-2.4641036987304688,
0.6801927089691162,
-1.2647347450256348,
-0.6358627080917358,
-0.5300818085670471,
-0.2240278422832489,
-0.4761037826538086,
-1.0840764045715332,
0.5694240927696228,
-0.17450648546218872,
-0.5549030303955078,
0.5459753274917603,
0.47216930985450745,
-0.6907272338867188,
0.165364071726799,
-0.00017025155830197036
]
|
128325 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christ%20Church%2C%20Oxford | Christ Church, Oxford | Christ Church (, the temple or house, Γ¦dΔs, of Christ, and thus sometimes known as "The House") is a constituent college of the University of Oxford in England. Christ Church is a joint foundation of the college and the cathedral of the Oxford diocese (Christ Church Cathedral and its cathedral school), which serves as the college chapel and whose dean is ex officio the college head.
It was founded in 1546 by King Henry VIII, and is one of the larger colleges of the University of Oxford with 629 students in 2016. It is also among the wealthiest colleges with an endowment of Β£577.6m . Christ Church has a number of architecturally significant buildings including Tom Tower (designed by Sir Christopher Wren), Tom Quad (the largest quadrangle in Oxford) and the Great Dining Hall, which was also the seat of the parliament assembled by King Charles I during the English Civil War. The buildings have inspired replicas throughout the world in addition to being featured in films such as Harry Potter and The Golden Compass. This has helped Christ Church become the most popular Oxford college for tourists with almost half a million visitors annually.
Christ Church has produced 13 British prime ministers out of the 28 educated at Oxford (the highest number of any college at Oxford or Cambridge). Other notable alumni include King Edward VII, King William II of the Netherlands, seventeen Archbishops, writers Lewis Carroll (Alice in Wonderland) and W.Β H. Auden, philosopher John Locke, and scientist Robert Hooke. Christ Church is also partly responsible for the creation of University College Reading, which later gained its own Royal Charter and became the University of Reading. The first female undergraduates matriculated at Christ Church in 1980.
History
In 1525, at the height of his power, Thomas Wolsey, Lord Chancellor of England and Cardinal Archbishop of York, suppressed the Priory of St Frideswide in Oxford and founded Cardinal College on its lands, using funds from the dissolution of Wallingford Priory and other minor priories. He planned the establishment on a magnificent scale, but fell from grace in 1529, with the buildings only three-quarters complete, as they were to remain for 140 years.
In 1531 the college was itself suppressed, but it was refounded in 1532 as King Henry VIII's College by Henry VIII, to whom Wolsey's property had escheated. Then in 1546 the King, who had broken from the Church of Rome and acquired great wealth through the dissolution of the monasteries in England, refounded the college as Christ Church as part of the reorganisation of the Church of England, making the partially demolished priory church the cathedral of the recently created Diocese of Oxford.
Christ Church's sister college in the University of Cambridge is Trinity College, Cambridge, founded the same year by Henry VIII. Since the time of Queen Elizabeth I the college has also been associated with Westminster School. The dean remains to this day an ex officio member of the school's governing body.
Major additions have been made to the buildings through the centuries, and Wolsey's Great Quadrangle was crowned with the famous gate-tower designed by Sir Christopher Wren. To this day the bell in the tower, Great Tom, is rung 101 times at 9Β pm at the former Oxford time (9:05Β pm GMT/BST) every night, for the 100 original scholars of the college (plus one added in 1664). In former times this was done at midnight, signalling the close of all college gates throughout Oxford. Since it took 20Β minutes to ring the 101, Christ Church gates, unlike those of other colleges, did not close until 12:20. When the ringing was moved back to 9:00Β pm, Christ Church gates still remained open until 12.20, 20Β minutes later than any other college. Although the clock itself now shows GMT/BST, Christ Church still follows Oxford time in the timings of services in the cathedral.
King Charles I made the Deanery his palace and held his Parliament in the Great Hall during the English Civil War. In the evening of 29 May 1645, during the second siege of Oxford, a "bullet of IXΒ lb. weight" shot from the Parliamentarians' warning-piece at Marston fell against the wall of the north side of the Hall.
Several of Christ Church's deans achieved high academic distinction, notably Owen under the Commonwealth, Aldrich and Fell in the Restoration period, Jackson and Gaisford in the early 19th century and Liddell in the high Victorian era.
For over four centuries Christ Church admitted men only; the first female students at Christ Church matriculated in 1980.
Organisation
Christ Church, formally titled "The Dean and Chapter of the Cathedral Church of Christ in Oxford of the Foundation of King Henry the Eighth", is the only academic institution in the world which is also a cathedral, the seat (cathedra) of the Bishop of Oxford. The Visitor of Christ Church is the reigning British sovereign (currently Queen Elizabeth II), and the Bishop of Oxford is unique among English bishops in not being the Visitor of his own cathedral.
The head of the college is the Dean of Christ Church. Christ Church is unique among Oxford colleges in that its Head of House, who is head of both college and cathedral, must be an Anglican cleric appointed by the crown as dean of the cathedral church. The Dean lives on site in a grand sixteenth-century house in the main quadrangle. The college's activities are managed by a senior and a junior censor (formally titled the Censor Moralis Philosophiae and the Censor Naturalis Philosophiae) the former of whom is responsible for academic matters, the latter for undergraduate discipline. They are chosen from among the members of the governing body. A Censor Theologiae is also appointed to act as the dean's deputy; this post is currently held by Professor Ian Watson.
The form "Christ Church College" is considered incorrect, in part because it ignores the cathedral, an integral part of the unique dual foundation.
Governing body
The governing body of Christ Church consists of the dean and chapter of the cathedral, together with the "Students of Christ Church", who are not junior members but rather the equivalent of the fellows of the other colleges. Until the later 19th century, the Students differed from fellows in that they had no governing powers in their own college, as those resided solely with the dean and chapter. The governing body of Christ Church now has around 60 members. Serving alongside the seven members of Chapter, the other members include statutory professors and associate professors with joint appointments (employed both by the University and Christ Church) as well as early-career Career Development Fellows on fixed-term contracts. Sir John Bell and Sir Tim Berners-Lee are both members of the governing body of Christ Church.
Buildings and grounds
Christ Church sits in approximately 175 acres (71 hectares) of land. This includes the Christ Church Meadow (including Merton Field and Boathouse Island), which is open to the public all year round. In addition Christ Church own Aston's Eyot (purchased from All Souls College in 1891), Christ Church recreation ground (including the site of Liddell buildings), and School Field which has been leased to Magdalen College School since 1893. The meadow itself is inhabited by English Longhorn cattle. In October 1783 James Sadler made the first hot air balloon ascent in Britain from the meadow. The college gardens, quadrangles, and meadow are Grade I listed on the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens.
Christ Church has a number of architecturally significant buildings. These include:
Grade I listed:
Christ Church Library
Christ Church Cathedral
Peckwater Quadrangle
The Great Quadrangle or Tom Quad including:
Tom Tower
Great Hall
Mercury Fountain
Canterbury Quadrangle
Chapter House
Grade II* listed:
Blue Boar Quadrangle
Christ Church Picture Gallery
Others:
The Meadow Building (Grade II)
The Old Library
The Lee Building/Anatomy School (Grade II)
Christ Church Kitchen & Scullery (Grade II)
Old Brew House (Grade II)
Liddell Buildings
Influences
The college buildings and grounds are the setting for parts of Evelyn Waugh's Brideshead Revisited, as well as a small part of Lewis Carroll's Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. More recently it has been used in the filming of the movies of J. K. Rowling's Harry Potter series and also the film adaptation of Philip Pullman's novel Northern Lights (the film bearing the title of the American edition of the book, The Golden Compass). Distinctive features of the college's architecture have been used as models by a number of other academic institutions, including the NUI Galway, which reproduces Tom Quad. The University of Chicago, Cornell University, and Kneuterdijk Palace have reproductions of Christ Church's dining hall (in the forms of Hutchinson Hall, the dining hall of Risley Residential College, and the Gothic hall of Kneuterdijk Palace, respectively). ChristChurch Cathedral in New Zealand, after which the City of Christchurch is named, is itself named after Christ Church, Oxford. Stained glass windows in the cathedral and other buildings are by the Pre-Raphaelite William Morris group with designs by Edward Burne-Jones.
Cathedral choir
Christ Church is unique in that it has both a cathedral choir and a college choir. The cathedral choir comprises twelve adults and sixteen boys. The adults are made up of lay clerks and choral scholars, or academical clerks. The choir was all male until 2019, when they welcomed alto Elizabeth Nurse, the first female clerk of Christ Church Cathedral Choir. The boys, whose ages range from eight to thirteen, are chosen for their musical ability and attend Christ Church Cathedral School. Aside from the director, there is also a sub-organist and two organ scholars. The college choir, however, is always a student-run society, and sings Evensong once a week in term time. In vacations the services are sung by the Cathedral Singers of Christ Church - a choir drawn from semi-professional singers in and around Oxford. The cathedral also hosts visiting choirs from time to time during vacations.
Throughout its history, the cathedral choir has attracted many distinguished composers and organists - from its first director, John Taverner, appointed by Cardinal Wolsey in 1526, to William Walton. The present director of music (known as the organist), is Steven Grahl who succeeded Stephen Darlington in September 2018. In recent years, the choir have commissioned recorded works by contemporary composers such as John Tavener, William Mathias and Howard Goodall, also patron of Christ Church Music Society.
The choir, which broadcasts regularly, have many recordings to their credit and were the subject of a Channel 4 television documentary Howard Goodall's Great Dates (2002). The documentary was nominated at the Montreux TV Festival in the arts programme category - and has since been seen internationally. The choir's collaboration with Goodall has also led to their singing his TV themes for Mr. Bean and Vicar of Dibley. They appeared in Howard Goodall's Big Bangs, broadcast in the United Kingdom on Channel 4 in March 2000. Treasures of Christ Church (2011) is an example of the choir's recording and debuted as the highest new entry in the UK Specialist Classical chart. The disc featured on BBC Radio 3's In Tune on 26 September 2011 and on Radio 3's Breakfast Show on 27 September that year.
Picture gallery
Christ Church holds one of the most important private collections of drawings in the UK, including works by Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael and Michelangelo. The collection is composed of approximately 300 paintings and 2,000 drawings, a rotated selection of which are available to the public for viewing in the purpose-built Christ Church Picture Gallery. Many of the works were bequeathed by a former member of the college, General John Guise (1682/3-1765), enabling the creation of the first public art gallery in Britain.
Coat of arms
College arms
The college arms are those of Cardinal Wolsey and were granted to him by the College of Arms on 4 August 1525. They are blazoned: Sable, on a cross engrailed argent, between four leopards' faces azure a lion passant gules; on a chief or between two Cornish choughs proper a rose gules barbed vert and seeded or. The arms are depicted beneath a red cardinal's galero with fifteen tassels on either side, and sometimes in front of two crossed croziers.
Cathedral arms
There are also arms in use by the cathedral, which were confirmed in a visitation of 1574. They are emblazoned: "Between quarterly, 1st & 4th, France modern (azure three fleurs-de-lys or), 2nd & 3rd, England (gules in pale three lions passant guardant or), on a cross argent an open Bible proper edged and bound with seven clasps or, inscribed with the words and imperially crowned or."
Graces
The college preprandial grace reads:
The first part of the grace is read by a scholar or exhibitioner before formal hall each evening, ending with the words Per IΔsum Christum Dominum nostrum ("Through Jesus Christ our Lord.") The remainder of the grace, replacing Per IΔsum Christum etc., is usually only read on special occasions.
There is also a long postprandial grace intended for use after meals, but this is rarely used. When High Table rises (by which time the Hall is largely empty), the senior member on High Table simply says BenedictΕ benedΔ«cΔtur ("Let the Blessed One be blessed", or "Let a blessing be given by the Blessed One"), instead of the college postprandial grace.
Student life
As well as rooms for accommodation, the buildings of Christ Church include the cathedral, one of the smallest in England, which also acts as the college chapel, a great hall, two libraries, two bars, and separate common rooms for dons, graduates and undergraduates. There are also gardens and a neighbouring sports ground and boat-house.
Accommodation is usually provided for all undergraduates, and for some graduates, although some accommodation is off-site. Accommodation is generally spacious with most rooms equipped with sinks and fridges. Many undergraduate rooms comprise 'sets' of bedrooms and living areas. Members are generally expected to dine in hall, where there are two sittings every evening, one informal and one formal (where gowns must be worn and Latin grace is read). The college offers subsidies on the costs of accommodation and dinners for UK and ROI students from families with lower household incomes. The buttery next to the Hall serves drinks around dinner time. There is also a college bar (known as the Undercroft), as well as a Junior Common Room (JCR) and a Graduate Common Room (GCR), equivalent to the Middle Common Room (MCR) in other colleges.
There is a college lending library that supplements the university libraries (many of which are non-lending). Law students have the additional facility of the college law library, which has received large financial supplements from Christ Church law graduates. Most undergraduate tutorials are carried out in the college, though for some specialist subjects undergraduates may be sent to tutors in other colleges.
Croquet is played in the Masters' Garden in the summer. The sports ground is mainly used for netball, cricket, tennis, rugby and football and includes Christ Church cricket ground. In recent years the Christ Church Netball Club, which competes on the inter-college level in both mixed and women's matches, has become known as a popular and inclusive sport. Rowing and punting is carried out by the boat-house across Christ Church Meadow - the Christ Church Boat Club is traditionally strong at rowing, having been Head of the River more times than any other. The college also owns its own punts which may be borrowed by students or dons.
The college beagle pack (Christ Church and Farley Hill Beagles), which was formerly one of several undergraduate packs in Oxford, is no longer formally connected with the college or the university but continues to be staffed and followed by some Oxford undergraduates.
Christ Church references
People associated with the college
Deans
Cardinal College
1525: John Hygdon
King Henry VIII's College
1532: John Hygdon
1533: John Oliver
Christ Church
Alumni
Notable former students of the college have included politicians, scientists, philosophers, entertainers and academics. Thirteen British prime ministers have studied at the college including, Anthony Eden (Prime Minister 1955β1957), William Ewart Gladstone (1828β1831), Sir Robert Peel (1841β1846) and Archibald Primrose (1894β1895). Other former students include Charles Abbot (Speaker of the House of Commons 1802β1817), Frederick Curzon (Conservative Party statesman 1951β), Nicholas Lyell (Attorney General 1992β1997), Nigel Lawson (Chancellor of the Exchequer 1983β1989), Quintin Hogg (Lord Chancellor 1979β1987) and William Murray (Lord Chief Justice 1756β1788 and Chancellor of the Exchequer 1757). From outside the UK, politicians from Canada (Ted Jolliffe), Pakistan (Zulfikar Ali Bhutto) and the United States (Charles Cotesworth Pinckney) have attended the college.
Prominent philosophers including John Locke, John Rawls, A. J. Ayer, Gilbert Ryle, Michael Dummett, John Searle and Daniel Dennett studied at Christ Church.
There are numerous former students in the fields of academia and theology, including George Kitchin (the first Chancellor of the University of Durham 1908β1912 and Dean of Durham Cathedral 1894β1912), John Charles Ryle (first Bishop of Liverpool 1880β1900), John Wesley (leader of the Methodist movement), Rowan Williams (Archbishop of Canterbury 2002β2012), Richard William Jelf (Principal of King's College London 1843β1868), Ronald Montagu Burrows (Principal of King's College London 1913β1920) and William Stubbs (Bishop of Oxford 1889β1901 and historian).
Two Olympic rowing gold medallists studied at the college: Jonny Searle and Spanish Civil War volunteer Lewis Clive.
In the sciences, polymath and natural philosopher Robert Hooke, developmental biologist John B. Gurdon (co-winner of the 2012 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine), physician Sir Archibald Edward Garrod, the Father of Modern Medicine Sir William Osler, biochemist Kenneth Callow, radio astronomer Sir Martin Ryle, psychologist Edward de Bono and epidemiologist Sir Richard Doll are all associated with the college. Albert Einstein was a learned research fellow.
In other fields, Cameron and Tyler Winklevoss, twins associated with the founding of Facebook, King Edward VII (1841β1910), King of the United Kingdom and Emperor of India, King William II of the Netherlands, entrepreneur and founder of Pennsylvania William Penn, broadcaster David Dimbleby, MP Louise Mensch, BBC composer Howard Goodall, actor Riz Ahmed, the writer Lewis Carroll, poet W.Β H. Auden, and the former officer of arms Hubert Chesshyre are other notable students to have previously studied at Christ Church.
Gallery
References
External links
Oxford Cathedral
Christ Church Junior Common Room website
Christ Church Graduate Common Room website
Christ Church Boat Club
Official Virtual Tour of Christ Church
Christ Church Choir
Colleges of the University of Oxford
Educational institutions established in the 1540s
Grade I listed buildings in Oxford
Grade I listed educational buildings
Augustinian monasteries in England
Buildings and structures of the University of Oxford
1546 establishments in England
Grade I listed parks and gardens in Oxfordshire | [
0.31157201528549194,
0.6723626852035522,
0.31787335872650146,
-0.9164804816246033,
0.27312418818473816,
1.1522923707962036,
0.5964088439941406,
0.746645987033844,
-0.546237587928772,
-0.5635953545570374,
-0.558192789554596,
-0.04297162592411041,
0.24960532784461975,
0.190834641456604,
-0.05062362924218178,
-0.30569887161254883,
0.8996610641479492,
0.29835131764411926,
0.07997790724039078,
-0.8059491515159607,
-0.42072778940200806,
0.1380665898323059,
-0.44649699330329895,
0.4056907296180725,
0.11748827248811722,
-0.08946137130260468,
0.2978171110153198,
-0.7311148047447205,
-0.3403412103652954,
-0.1763993352651596,
0.7816006541252136,
0.08686915785074234,
0.03527725487947464,
-0.3895640969276428,
0.1522906869649887,
-0.5545763373374939,
0.14350150525569916,
-0.1961326152086258,
0.038486048579216,
-0.15830115973949432,
0.056057270616292953,
-0.6104745864868164,
0.6208444237709045,
0.368617981672287,
-0.634189248085022,
-0.5191136598587036,
-0.7523929476737976,
0.611514687538147,
-1.1684173345565796,
0.40281978249549866,
0.17654359340667725,
0.1680082529783249,
0.20342770218849182,
0.14737486839294434,
0.18502821028232574,
0.41538259387016296,
-0.8641620874404907,
0.10658881813287735,
0.3855389952659607,
-0.25386735796928406,
0.0012270616134628654,
0.5838349461555481,
-0.06619350612163544,
0.6310536861419678,
-0.11132270097732544,
-0.04830671846866608,
0.18347789347171783,
-0.0661957636475563,
-0.7951631546020508,
-0.34352296590805054,
-0.39642858505249023,
-0.10710274428129196,
-0.4289938509464264,
0.4394274055957794,
-0.5469735264778137,
-0.8212917447090149,
0.004451572895050049,
0.32594093680381775,
0.3414686322212219,
-0.05643428489565849,
0.39483582973480225,
0.283538281917572,
0.0954601988196373,
0.8276071548461914,
0.26805704832077026,
0.5658870339393616,
-0.7438694834709167,
-0.29828375577926636,
-0.33809947967529297,
0.4477836489677429,
-0.3686554729938507,
0.22447469830513,
-0.20776429772377014,
0.17783699929714203,
-0.23670092225074768,
-0.1677243560552597,
-0.16630008816719055,
-0.14649342000484467,
0.2660154402256012,
-0.16377641260623932,
-0.8079405426979065,
0.10172241181135178,
0.4048592150211334,
-0.003279938595369458,
-0.05520648509263992,
0.1597585529088974,
-0.8984555006027222,
-0.5404888391494751,
-0.027892690151929855,
0.30304285883903503,
-0.7825404405593872,
0.23822849988937378,
-0.6250805854797363,
0.22185593843460083,
-0.03700503334403038,
-0.19978013634681702,
-0.039213187992572784,
-0.45451560616493225,
-0.8694153428077698,
-0.42672812938690186,
-0.7601577639579773,
0.5052228569984436,
0.4769230782985687,
0.3872970640659332,
-0.13259023427963257,
0.09278708696365356,
0.2150973528623581,
0.7363860011100769,
-0.8820780515670776,
-0.5259652733802795,
0.3258711099624634,
0.765316903591156,
0.3505014479160309,
-0.38244396448135376,
0.13264094293117523,
0.07224324345588684,
-0.12017834931612015,
-0.1363838016986847,
0.1817137897014618,
0.781232476234436,
-0.6381801962852478,
-0.5695343613624573,
-0.070014588534832,
-0.03355278819799423,
0.03817033767700195,
-0.2915952503681183,
-0.1818917989730835,
-0.33576348423957825,
-0.3789157569408417,
0.16745218634605408,
0.6996763944625854,
0.4810211658477783,
-0.33041852712631226,
-0.7820304036140442,
-0.07391779869794846,
0.433579683303833,
0.2760486304759979,
0.26087188720703125,
-0.08880753815174103,
0.0008899117237888277,
-0.3817894458770752,
-0.30238378047943115,
0.5743744969367981,
-0.37440282106399536,
0.009566624648869038,
0.104824498295784,
0.5554202198982239,
-0.5836644172668457,
-0.5043180584907532,
0.1740736961364746,
-0.6214934587478638,
-0.5264895558357239,
0.5814258456230164,
0.3152523934841156,
-0.18306472897529602,
-0.5119687914848328,
0.643748939037323,
0.13380417227745056,
0.6823878884315491,
-0.1547757387161255,
-0.6412096619606018,
0.2639209032058716,
-0.014946921728551388,
-0.2549797296524048,
-0.3785317838191986,
-0.03557749092578888,
-0.13747814297676086,
0.4180373251438141,
-0.29972684383392334,
0.21166777610778809,
-0.5549981594085693,
-0.3080984055995941,
-0.30284595489501953,
-0.03098214603960514,
1.3451766967773438,
-0.09132359176874161,
-0.8560002446174622,
0.42123711109161377,
-0.7691224217414856,
0.7390256524085999,
-0.09752505272626877,
-0.02647976391017437,
-0.1960076242685318,
-0.3277628421783447,
-0.23219187557697296,
-0.07269146293401718,
0.556522786617279,
0.29508891701698303,
0.7361083626747131,
-0.11277367919683456,
0.0638594925403595,
-0.036758750677108765,
0.0775802955031395,
0.5650486350059509,
0.2474227249622345,
-0.543765127658844,
-0.331048846244812,
-0.4875943958759308,
-0.07542841136455536,
-0.5581268668174744,
1.0262445211410522,
-0.3416176438331604,
0.8507681488990784,
0.0381568968296051,
-0.33353564143180847,
0.18717701733112335,
-0.2872369885444641,
0.47625237703323364,
-0.09914093464612961,
-0.39253008365631104,
0.4274047315120697,
0.7517792582511902,
-0.11772672086954117,
0.24692115187644958,
-0.07765156775712967,
-0.9534196853637695,
0.06609588861465454,
-0.14411640167236328,
0.6088894605636597,
-0.13413332402706146,
0.413650780916214,
-0.575336754322052,
-0.945888102054596,
0.44385677576065063,
0.29140204191207886,
-0.2592736482620239,
0.128538578748703,
0.2087412178516388,
-0.5959147214889526,
-0.20681852102279663,
-0.18076981604099274,
-0.4818699061870575,
0.6075178384780884,
0.3705683946609497,
0.05404410883784294,
0.12318108975887299,
0.054016195237636566,
0.505341649055481,
0.2524065375328064,
0.426977276802063,
-0.6308079957962036,
-0.09252968430519104,
0.2773507535457611,
0.23665960133075714,
-0.24226397275924683,
-0.1999664455652237,
-0.1544574499130249,
-0.6177628040313721,
0.3866916298866272,
-0.005578835494816303,
-0.17312923073768616,
-0.4824562668800354,
-0.4085613489151001,
0.30172526836395264,
-0.39150211215019226,
0.0321773923933506,
0.2694387137889862,
-0.14120501279830933,
-0.5165420174598694,
-0.44339513778686523,
0.26053640246391296,
0.5282511115074158,
-0.33661165833473206,
-0.4484334886074066,
0.24013224244117737,
0.17003120481967926,
-0.16540011763572693,
-0.7541772723197937,
-0.3242708444595337,
0.0027132825925946236,
-0.11388786882162094,
0.7547202706336975,
0.38622239232063293,
-0.08668011426925659,
0.6477987170219421,
0.4698508679866791,
0.3927062451839447,
-0.4352743923664093,
-0.0768461599946022,
-0.2063189446926117,
0.058535005897283554,
0.47172412276268005,
0.5193179845809937,
0.7015754580497742,
0.7297588586807251,
-0.4342453181743622,
0.08859991282224655,
0.42239242792129517,
-5.589596748352051,
0.09381341934204102,
-0.3532085418701172,
0.32070496678352356,
1.1473463773727417,
-0.2272469699382782,
0.3639982044696808,
-0.566192626953125,
0.17803168296813965,
-0.7482975125312805,
-0.5232793092727661,
-0.1428169161081314,
-0.3407009541988373,
0.48900333046913147,
0.41094425320625305,
0.6022918820381165,
0.2793530225753784,
-0.10594026744365692,
-0.1727142333984375,
0.4347939193248749,
-0.09681861102581024,
0.2698356509208679,
-0.09504641592502594,
0.45533204078674316,
0.11776675283908844,
0.07649639248847961,
-0.41677629947662354,
0.36690789461135864,
-0.3628564774990082,
-0.3930395543575287,
0.15592403709888458,
-0.06029456853866577,
-0.07279325276613235,
-0.6112584471702576,
-0.24585126340389252,
0.6004736423492432,
0.5822781920433044,
-0.11344273388385773,
-0.3745926022529602,
-0.16944362223148346,
0.6065902709960938,
0.1522693783044815,
0.28056421875953674,
-0.36438167095184326,
0.24487222731113434,
-0.2297777682542801,
-0.7717552781105042,
-0.3952430188655853,
-0.18275846540927887,
0.05797293782234192,
-0.8712491393089294,
0.7366268634796143,
0.5729485750198364,
0.21343940496444702,
-0.06924375146627426,
-0.3701915740966797,
0.056675415486097336,
0.30517077445983887,
0.36420130729675293,
-0.0514574870467186,
0.4830337166786194,
-0.79308021068573,
-0.37297114729881287,
-0.46983054280281067,
-0.25382962822914124,
-0.6848099231719971,
-0.01494972500950098,
0.7355648279190063,
0.3020273447036743,
0.31417471170425415,
-0.12486433982849121,
-0.1165992021560669,
0.0008516980451531708,
-0.8726807832717896,
-0.5206693410873413,
-0.7569519877433777,
0.001307992497459054,
-0.28479447960853577,
-0.2544815242290497,
0.20261335372924805,
-0.21584875881671906,
-0.5167773962020874,
-0.40596023201942444,
0.03062347136437893,
0.436274915933609,
-0.7931870222091675,
-0.40099385380744934,
-0.012912988662719727,
-0.43607297539711,
-0.3418535888195038,
-0.08632368594408035,
-0.44529762864112854,
-0.2097797393798828,
0.3746807873249054,
0.545730710029602,
-0.29975053668022156,
-0.21151651442050934,
0.39420953392982483,
0.13465115427970886,
0.36796027421951294,
0.19959011673927307,
-0.15165776014328003,
0.04367109760642052,
0.43228408694267273,
-0.13252156972885132,
-0.3453490734100342,
0.061973463743925095,
0.5093178153038025,
0.2520616054534912,
0.2997851073741913,
0.5353063344955444,
-0.40790095925331116,
-0.44261491298675537,
0.21723486483097076,
-0.2781866788864136,
0.039366357028484344,
-0.12019910663366318,
0.0658612996339798,
-0.3168538510799408,
0.24653126299381256,
0.05457649752497673,
0.26385852694511414,
-0.21751351654529572,
-0.07601623237133026,
-0.5386471748352051,
-0.22276568412780762,
0.2975353002548218,
-0.27739614248275757,
-0.4162263572216034,
-0.3596632778644562,
0.06221809238195419,
-0.24087513983249664,
0.4926966428756714,
0.27724480628967285,
-0.19308260083198547,
0.33365777134895325,
-0.019288968294858932,
0.033357173204422,
-0.37355536222457886,
0.6299378871917725,
0.19448153674602509,
-0.17213048040866852,
-0.02025824412703514,
0.23406189680099487,
0.7001827359199524,
0.4618270695209503,
-0.27156132459640503,
0.5101660490036011,
-0.6421958804130554,
0.3683585822582245,
-0.31788501143455505,
0.0012983218766748905,
0.16827315092086792,
0.006059445906430483,
0.02064458839595318,
-0.0897856205701828,
-0.288639634847641,
0.560540497303009,
-0.14480522274971008,
0.2911341190338135,
-0.2920437753200531,
0.011531940661370754,
-0.5459282398223877,
-0.6653248071670532,
0.4885677099227905,
0.279641717672348,
-0.1781032681465149,
-0.20338557660579681,
-0.5769933462142944,
0.18070799112319946,
0.012122775427997112,
0.07479315996170044,
-0.6652154326438904,
-0.03340579941868782,
0.3906029164791107,
0.08982736617326736,
0.003524597268551588,
0.1763402372598648,
0.04358844459056854,
0.16910748183727264,
0.11545293033123016,
-0.06961311399936676,
0.49083614349365234,
0.10878527909517288,
0.8806937336921692,
-0.1648128181695938,
-0.5712056756019592,
-0.37830713391304016,
0.3161233961582184,
-0.498473584651947,
0.3867582380771637,
-0.36670511960983276,
0.16369177401065826,
0.2497742474079132,
-0.13754551112651825,
-0.597724437713623,
-0.017007801681756973,
-0.3247753083705902,
-0.21865800023078918,
-0.04653497785329819,
-0.2570458948612213,
0.4408978521823883,
-0.49306803941726685,
0.6909969449043274,
0.3707531690597534,
-0.4829675257205963,
0.6200841069221497,
-0.39993226528167725,
0.12284737080335617,
0.4744276702404022,
-0.21362897753715515,
-0.8442898988723755,
0.0984840914607048,
0.5397270321846008,
-0.9617502689361572,
-0.24301393330097198,
-0.1994633823633194,
-0.329315185546875,
-0.1682625114917755,
-0.1406286507844925,
-0.10086194425821304,
-0.11917919665575027,
-0.16660648584365845,
0.01959884725511074,
-0.5685111880302429,
0.2728567123413086,
-0.05438079312443733,
-0.3465314507484436,
0.2614158093929291,
-0.38447532057762146,
0.5172603130340576,
0.09011263400316238,
-0.10123100131750107,
0.2267434149980545,
0.5959439873695374,
-0.45021167397499084,
0.2455723136663437,
0.01412880141288042,
-0.1132158562541008,
0.21018177270889282,
0.16084705293178558,
0.8610144853591919,
-0.07769742608070374,
-0.523848831653595,
-0.2104761153459549,
0.7809364199638367,
0.1287001371383667,
0.605559229850769,
-0.3961046040058136,
0.21432802081108093,
0.5409878492355347,
-0.0076721603982150555,
0.05406985804438591,
-0.35002604126930237,
-0.3341401517391205,
-0.13910837471485138,
0.09664858877658844,
-0.17754611372947693,
-0.10834302753210068,
-0.016248919069767,
0.5942009687423706,
-0.4093148112297058,
-0.6804266571998596,
0.06411231309175491,
-0.19743375480175018,
0.032379090785980225,
-0.33740606904029846,
-0.22376325726509094,
0.25077831745147705,
-0.41602179408073425,
-0.13387392461299896,
-0.18852479755878448,
-0.47330567240715027,
0.5905447602272034,
-0.021871240809559822,
0.1821713000535965,
-0.45918890833854675,
-0.6150663495063782,
0.8476004004478455,
-0.03260865807533264,
-0.5809429883956909,
0.11363369226455688,
0.09002356231212616,
-0.03776444494724274,
0.23922936618328094,
-0.47411906719207764,
0.07408169656991959,
0.48003917932510376,
0.14440807700157166,
0.4215099513530731,
-0.5394127368927002,
-0.5785468816757202,
0.3253632187843323,
0.3471393883228302,
0.06353423744440079,
0.3894287943840027,
0.5691745281219482,
0.26628008484840393,
0.7011580467224121,
-0.28977659344673157,
-0.6448533535003662,
0.6552957892417908,
0.6248893141746521,
0.22988200187683105,
0.42790457606315613,
0.11061155050992966,
-0.4297149181365967,
-0.1290026307106018,
-0.3728554844856262,
0.04807468131184578,
0.3000097870826721,
-0.29073792695999146,
0.6148849129676819,
0.5590793490409851,
-0.23926867544651031,
-0.07320231199264526,
0.6581779718399048,
-0.8016446828842163,
0.0373028889298439,
0.3732762932777405,
-0.005503891035914421,
0.1674768477678299,
0.3480673134326935,
-0.12831151485443115,
0.03608633205294609,
0.4787426292896271,
-0.3973851799964905,
-0.5225772857666016,
-0.3653787076473236,
0.543298065662384,
0.31820598244667053,
-0.2531295418739319,
-0.361474871635437,
0.5903110504150391,
-0.4113684296607971,
-0.5909690856933594,
-0.09852059185504913,
-0.5674027800559998,
-0.43187931180000305,
0.16148380935192108,
0.7813510894775391,
0.4795251488685608,
-0.544830858707428,
0.6385918855667114,
-0.5555667281150818,
-0.026201847940683365,
-0.009196438826620579,
0.04193960502743721,
-0.21543990075588226,
0.4679448902606964,
0.1340782195329666,
-0.1657095104455948,
0.47883331775665283,
0.030049428343772888,
0.0018096475396305323,
0.238637775182724,
0.166412815451622,
0.18346086144447327,
-0.3473683297634125,
0.3207246959209442,
-0.08997968584299088,
0.9126635193824768,
0.8647654056549072,
-0.18842720985412598,
-0.19496941566467285,
0.09327761083841324,
0.30712276697158813,
-0.2671225965023041,
-0.22826871275901794,
0.09139104187488556,
-0.20318002998828888,
0.6313215494155884,
-0.35276949405670166,
-0.6424630284309387,
0.21968169510364532,
0.07042587548494339,
0.1394558995962143,
0.5040928721427917,
0.020289096981287003,
-0.4318144619464874,
0.06699508428573608,
-0.7796100974082947,
-0.35869649052619934,
-0.16308532655239105,
0.21394744515419006,
-0.4010719358921051,
-0.35602429509162903,
0.5387219786643982,
-0.8949444890022278,
0.018213389441370964,
0.12339373677968979,
-0.39270085096359253,
0.42334380745887756,
0.11663512885570526,
-0.5594391822814941,
-0.21533562242984772,
0.17202964425086975,
0.6594316959381104,
0.20014627277851105,
-0.12529683113098145,
0.11969170719385147,
-0.10301040858030319,
-0.6563866138458252,
0.06314743310213089,
-0.2478700429201126,
0.14999009668827057,
-0.3039516508579254,
0.216269850730896,
-0.5400727391242981,
0.26676052808761597,
0.0783379077911377,
0.005342272110283375,
-0.15769357979297638,
0.35292696952819824,
-0.25141236186027527,
0.7511277198791504,
0.36881229281425476,
0.27741968631744385,
-0.20213009417057037,
0.3783303499221802,
-0.19405846297740936,
0.6491289138793945,
-0.01759418286383152,
0.5388695001602173,
0.4076705276966095,
-0.05778989568352699,
0.32772621512413025,
0.4520321488380432,
-0.919620156288147,
0.43499505519866943,
0.22043247520923615,
0.40017175674438477,
-0.8322397470474243,
0.6831161975860596,
-0.1640169769525528,
0.5240248441696167,
0.6494068503379822,
0.8920623660087585,
-0.37680724263191223,
-0.2517912685871124,
-0.6718854904174805,
-0.13389171659946442,
0.4685840308666229,
0.019464662298560143,
0.4226667881011963,
-0.1295013129711151,
-0.4416499435901642,
-0.14539217948913574,
-0.5740842223167419,
0.34441497921943665,
0.7131749987602234,
-0.3925240933895111,
0.3717915117740631,
-0.3593015670776367,
0.338672935962677,
-0.4461302161216736,
-0.02196004055440426,
0.22043928503990173,
0.8597604632377625,
0.28733110427856445
]
|
128326 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corpus%20Christi%20College%2C%20Oxford | Corpus Christi College, Oxford | Corpus Christi College (formally, Corpus Christi College in the University of Oxford; informally abbreviated as Corpus or CCC) is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in the United Kingdom. Founded in 1517, it is the 12th oldest college in Oxford.
The college, situated on Merton Street between Merton College and Christ Church, is one of the smallest in Oxford by student population, having around 250 undergraduates and 90 graduates. It is academic by Oxford standards, averaging in the top half of the university's informal ranking system, the Norrington Table, in recent years, and coming second in 2009β10.
The college's role in the translation of the King James Bible is historically significant. The college is also noted for the pillar sundial in the main quadrangle, known as the Pelican Sundial, which was erected in 1581. Corpus achieved notability in more recent years by winning University Challenge on 9 May 2005 and once again on 23 February 2009, although the latter win was later disqualified.
The Visitor of the college is ex officio the Bishop of Winchester, currently Tim Dakin.
History
Foundation
Corpus Christi College was founded by Richard Foxe, Bishop of Winchester, and an accomplished statesman. After entering the clergy, Foxe worked as a diplomat for Henry Tudor. He became a close confidant of his and, during Henry's reign as Henry VII, Foxe was appointed Keeper of the Privy Seal and promoted up the bishoprics, eventually becoming Bishop of Winchester. Throughout this time he was involved in Oxford and Cambridge Universities: he had been Visitor of Magdalen College and of Balliol College, had amended Balliol's statutes for a papal commission, was master of Pembroke College, Cambridge, for 12 years and had been involved in the foundation of St John's College, Cambridge, as one of Lady Margaret Beaufort's executors.
Foxe began to build from 1513. He bought a nunnery, two halls, two inns and the Bachelor's Garden of Merton College. Building was probably completed by 1520.
Foxe was assisted in his foundation by his friend Hugh Oldham, Bishop of Exeter, and Oldham's steward, William Frost. Oldham was a patron of education and donated £4,000 and land in Chelsea towards the foundation. For this, he was styled præcipuus benefactor (principal benefactor) by Foxe, remembered in daily prayers and a scholarship was established for students from Lancashire, where Oldham was born. Frost bequeathed his estate in Mapledurwell to the college, for which he and wife were remembered in a yearly prayer and a scholarship was founded for his descendants.
Foxe was granted letters patent for the foundation by Henry VIII in 1516. The college was officially founded in 1517, when Foxe established the college statutes. These specified that the college was to contain 20 fellows, 20 students, three lecturers, two priests, two clerks and two choristers.
The library of the college was "probably, when completed, the largest and best furnished library then in Europe". The scholar Erasmus noted in a letter of 1519 to the first President, John Claymond, that it was a library "inter praecipua decora Britanniae" ("among the chief beauties of Britain"), and praised it as a "biblioteca trilinguis" ("trilingual library") containing, as it did, books in Latin, Greek and Hebrew.
Founding fellows of the College included Reginald Pole, who would become the last Catholic Archbishop of Canterbury.
Later developments
In its first hundred years, Corpus hosted leading divines who would lay the foundations of the Anglican Christian identity. John Jewel was Corpus' Reader of Latin, worked to defend a Protestant bent in the Church of England and the Elizabethan Religious Settlement. John Rainolds, elected president in 1598, suggested the idea of the King James Bible and contributed to its text. Richard Hooker, author of the influential Of the Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity, was deputy professor of Hebrew.
The Spanish humanist Juan Luis Vives taught at Corpus during the 1520s while tutor to Mary Tudor, later Mary I of England. John Keble, a leader of the Oxford Movement, was an undergraduate at Corpus at the start of the 19th century, and went on to a fellowship at Oriel and to have a college named after him (Keble College, Oxford).
Having been founded nearly half a millennium earlier as a college for men only, Corpus Christi was among many of Oxford's men's colleges to admit its first female undergraduate students in 1979 (though women graduate students had been admitted five years earlier). Between 2015 and 2017, 0.6% of UK undergraduates admitted to Corpus were black.
Buildings and gardens
Buildings
The main buildings on the main college site are the Main Quad, the West Building, the MBI Al Jaber Auditorium, the Fellows' Building, Gentleman-Commoners' Quad and Thomas Quad.
The Main Quad was built for the college's foundation and designed in a late Mediaeval style. The quad was constructed by distinguished builders associated with Henry VIII's Office of Work: master mason William Vertue, master mason William East and carpenter Humphrey Coke (Warden of the Carpenter's Company in London). The quad's architecture later inspired that of Oglethorpe University.
The chapel adjoins the library and is just off the Main Quad. Its location is unusual: many colleges (even small ones) had their chapel in their main quad, with some colleges placing them on the first floor to fit them in (e.g. Lincoln and Brasenose). Its lectern is one of the first bronze eagle lecterns in Oxford; it is the only pre-Reformation one and was a gift of the first president. The chapel's altarpiece is a copy of Ruben's Adoration of the Shepherds, a gift from the antiquarian Sir Richard Worsley.
Later buildings on the main site include the Fellows' Building of 1706β1716, the Gentlemen Commoners' Building of 1737 and the Emily Thomas Building, designed by T.H. Hughes, of 1928.
On the corner of Merton Street and Magpie Lane, lie the Jackson and Oldham buildings and Kybald Twychen, which all house students. In 1884β85, the architect T. G. Jackson had first installed a 'New Building and Annexe', replacing town houses on Magpie Lane. In 1969, this work was trimmed and modified to make space for a further new building created by Philip Powell and Hidalgo Moya using a modernist beehive design, while leaving Jackson's Annexe substantially intact. Powell and Moya's building uses local limestone rubble and has the architects' characteristically large windows mounted within an exposed concrete frame. Particular attention was paid to placing the design within the existing architectural context, including the plain wall of Oriel College, Merton's Gothic chapel and Jackson's heavily ornamented Annexe. In 2017, the New Building and Annexe were substantially renovated and renamed the Oldham and Jackson Buildings, respectively.
Corpus also owns several buildings further afield: the Liddell Building on Iffley Road (built with Christ Church in 1991), the Lampl Building on Park End Street (completed in 2014 and named after Sir Peter Lampl) and houses on Banbury Road.
Pelican Sundial
The Pelican Sundial is the large pillar in the centre of Corpus' main quad and dates from 1579. The sundial is named after the gold-painted Pelican on an armillary sphere at the top of the pillar. "Pelican Sundial" is a misnomer, as the pillar contains 27 separate sundials. Nine of the sundials are found easily: four on each face of the square frustum beneath the pelican, four beneath each coat of arms on the cuboid and one facing south on the curved pillar shaft. The remaining sundials are found on the hollows and scallops surrounding the east and west arms. The symbols surrounding the sundials are used to reckon feast days and the signs of the Zodiac. The pillar shaft is covered by three tables: one for calculating the dates of the movable and fixed feasts and the Oxford and legal terms; one being a perpetual calendar and one for finding the time by moonlight.
History and copies
The Pelican Sundial was designed by Charles Turnball and is sometimes called the Turnball Sundial after him. Turnball lived in Corpus for 8 years, reaching the degree of MA. He went on to publish the book A Perfect and Easie Treatise of the Use of the Coelestial Globe in 1585, but it is otherwise unknown what he went on to do.
The Pelican Sundial was not the first sundial at Corpus. Before it was erected, one had been designed for the college by Nicholas Kratzer, an astrologer and horologer for Henry VIII. Like Juan Luis Vives, he was probably one of Cardinal Wolsey's lecturers who resided at Corpus while waiting for the completion of Cardinal College. Kratzer designed many dials, however only three can definitely be attributed to him: fixed ones for the University Church of St Mary the Virgin and Corpus and a portable one for Cardinal Wolsey. Only Wolsey's survives; Kratzer's Corpus dial stood in the garden until around 1706, when the gardens were remodelled for the construction of the Fellows' Building.
The dial has required regular maintenance throughout existence. The markings were replaced many times over the centuries and, despite restorations overseen by a professor of natural sciences and a historian of science, Robert Gunther, more and more errors crept into the pillar's tables. The dial also developed a lean. This was fixed in 1967 after it was discovered that the dial had no solid foundation and that its base was made of stone panels loosely packed with rubble. In 1976, the sundial was restored (and its tables corrected) to its state 1710 by Philip Pattenden. Since the 1710 tables were designed for the Julian calendar, they have no modern use. The sundial was most recently restored in 2016.
Two copies of the Pelican Sundial exist in America. The first, the Mather Sundial in Princeton University, was commissioned by William Mather as a goodwill gesture between the United Kingdom to the United States. The second is on the front lawn of Pomfret School in Connecticut and was donated in 1912 by the father of a graduating student.
Gardens
Aspects of the evolution of the college's ornamental gardens (Grade II listed) have been documented since the late 16th century. By the turn of the 19th century, a series of strict, geometrical layouts had given way to more informal features, including a lawn in the main garden, bordered by a dense shrubbery.
In their present form, as tended by David Leake since 1979, the gardens are considered some of the university's most unusual and exuberant. Described as 'wild' gardens, the stated aim is to blend a "range of wild and cultivated flowers into a vivid yet harmonious landscape." Attention to detail marks even the most intimate of spaces, such as those around the 'small garden' linking the front quad to the main garden at the back of the college.
The main garden is flanked on one side by the distinctive neoclassical architecture of the Fellows' Building, which is exuberantly bordered by ornamental shrubs and perennials, overseen by climbing roses and wisteria. Across the lawn, a bank shaded by a dominant copper beech leads up to a vantage point on the old city wall (above Dead Man's Walk), where a line of three lime trees traces the course of a terraced avenue that was originally raised in 1623. The views from here across Christ Church Meadow and into the gardens of neighbouring colleges suggest a "pleasant gardening outpost."
The style of gardening is, in Leake's words, "much less formal than [in] most other colleges, but sympathetic to the atmosphere." Accordingly, the library windows in the front quad are framed by seven bamboo plants. Beekeeping echoes the founder's wish for the college to be a hive of activity.
Use of herbicides and fertilisers is avoided even on the main lawn, which characteristically is allowed to incorporate plants that have self-seeded, in keeping with an overall wildlife-friendly approach (for example, spontaneous red valerian can provide a food plant for caterpillars of the hummingbird hawk-moth).
Examples of exotic plants that have been cultivated include Campsis radicans (trumpet vine), Dracunculus vulgaris (dragon lily), Gunnera manicata (Brazilian giant-rhubarb), Philadelphus microphyllus (littleleaf mock-orange), and Zantedeschia aethiopica (arum lily). Trees include a Wollemi pine (a species rediscovered in Australia in 1994) and quince (whose fruit is given to college fellows and friends).
The greenhouse was designed by Rick Mather, the creator of the college's auditorium. Almost frameless, it presents itself as a display cabinet in which a variety of horticultural and other informal exhibits are watched over by a surreally attired mannequin named Madame Lulu.
Coat of arms and other symbols
The coat of arms marshalls three distinct coats of arms in adjacent vertical divisions, in heraldic terminology: tierced per pale, from dexter (viewer's left) to sinister (viewer's right):
1: Azure, a pelican with wings endorsed vulning herself or (arms of the founder, Richard Foxe, Bishop of Winchester<ref>Izacke, Richard (c.1624β1698), (improved and continued to the year 1724 by Samuel Izacke), Remarkable Antiquities of the City of Exeter, 3rd Edition, London, 1731, A Perfect Catalogue of all the Bishops of this Church ... together with the Coats of Armory and Mottoes Described, pp.25-50</ref>);
2: Argent, thereon an escutcheon charged with the arms of the See of Winchester (i.e. Gules, two keys addorsed in bend the uppermost or the other argent a sword interposed between them in bend sinister of the third pommel and hilt of the second the escutcheon ensigned with a mitre of the last);
3: Sable, a chevron or between three owls argent on a chief of the second as many roses gules seeded of the second barbed vert (arms of Hugh Oldham (1452-1519), Bishop of Exeter.)
The Pelican in her Piety (pecking her own breast to draw blood to feed her chicks) in the personal arms of the founder, Bishop Richard Foxe, in Christian iconography symbolises Christ, who nourished the Church with his blood, which action is remembered in the Eucharist. The name of the college founded by him is thus well suited to that iconography, Corpus Christi'' signifying in Latin "the body of Christ".
Because of the complexity of the arms they are not suitable for use on items such as the college tie, where the pelican alone is used. The pelican also appears alone on the college flag and on top of the Pelican Sundial.
The college has several "totem animals" besides the pelican: the fox, which recalls the founder's surname, and bees, which are a reference to the founder's stated desire to create an institution that would be a "hive of [scholarly] activity". The college maintains a hive of bees, and the glass front wall of the MBI Al Jaber auditorium is decorated with images of bees.
Traditions
The grace laid out in the founding statutes is still said before every formal dinner in hall:
Nos miseri et egentes homines pro hoc cibo, quem in alimonium corporis nostri sanctificatum es largitus, ut eo recte utamur, Tibi, Deus omnipotens, Pater caelestis, reverenter gratias agimus; simul obsecrantes, ut cibum angelorum, panem verum caelestem, Dei Verbum aeternum, Iesum Christum Dominum nostrum, nobis impertiaris, ut Eo mens nostra pascatur, et per carnem et sanguinem Eius alamur, foveamur, corroboremur.
which translates to
We wretched and needy mortals give reverent thanks to you, almighty God, heavenly Father, for this food, which you have given us to nourish our bodies, praying at the same time that you may bestow on us the food of angels, the true heavenly bread, the eternal Word of God, Jesus
Christ Our Lord, that our souls may feed on him, and that through his flesh and blood we may be nourished, cherished and strengthened.
There is also a shorter grace said after dinner, which is now only used on special occasions.
The college traditionally keeps at least one tortoise as a living mascot, cared for by an elected 'Tortoise Keeper'. The 'Tortoise Fair', at which the Corpus tortoise(s) are raced against tortoises belonging to other colleges and local residents, is an annual event held to raise funds for charity. As of 2013, the college tortoise was named 'Foxe', after the founder of the college.
People associated with the college
Notable former students and fellows
Former students of the college include the philosopher Isaiah Berlin, the writer Vikram Seth, the financial commentator Martin Wolf, former Leader of the Labour Party Ed Miliband, and former Foreign Secretary David Miliband.
Presidents
Helen Moore, Associate Professor and Tutor in English, was elected president on 19 October 2018 for a term of two years. Her research focuses on mediaeval and early modern literature; most recently she has researched the reception of foreign texts in English. She has been a fellow at Corpus since 1996.
Gallery
Notes
References
Sources
External links
Corpus Christi College website
1517 establishments in England
Colleges of the University of Oxford
Educational institutions established in the 1510s
Grade I listed buildings in Oxford
Grade I listed educational buildings
Organisations based in Oxford with royal patronage
Buildings and structures of the University of Oxford | [
0.2516966462135315,
0.3479553163051605,
0.24210873246192932,
-0.8717876076698303,
0.13194912672042847,
0.714008629322052,
0.6505447030067444,
1.050925612449646,
-0.6136650443077087,
-0.16324414312839508,
-0.7543484568595886,
-0.014026802033185959,
0.3511926829814911,
0.11130628734827042,
0.09174185991287231,
-0.4132686257362366,
0.8294753432273865,
0.32571110129356384,
0.2182331681251526,
-0.6903892159461975,
-0.07330825179815292,
0.36958831548690796,
-0.42050573229789734,
0.2630274295806885,
0.09797192364931107,
0.141188845038414,
0.21022550761699677,
-0.31781095266342163,
-0.20158551633358002,
-0.6296585202217102,
0.5396147966384888,
0.04392066225409508,
-0.02124740742146969,
-0.2896721065044403,
0.4117678701877594,
-0.09087175130844116,
0.13823530077934265,
-0.33716484904289246,
-0.05543520674109459,
-0.31278055906295776,
0.056665923446416855,
-0.49187129735946655,
0.18122676014900208,
0.3452412188053131,
-0.5901974439620972,
-0.7345224618911743,
-0.4681849777698517,
0.21835073828697205,
-0.9717399477958679,
0.40460968017578125,
-0.01154156681150198,
0.5529152154922485,
-0.1148415207862854,
-0.2398754060268402,
0.2501830458641052,
0.2732972800731659,
-0.9016450643539429,
-0.21705323457717896,
0.384016215801239,
-0.126935675740242,
-0.02450980432331562,
0.7818570733070374,
-0.27400949597358704,
0.7423998117446899,
-0.6773088574409485,
-0.17841461300849915,
0.1091136708855629,
0.005591288674622774,
-1.1950626373291016,
-0.26357221603393555,
-0.3023582398891449,
-0.042320698499679565,
-0.24333728849887848,
0.5520776510238647,
-0.6036778092384338,
-0.7254612445831299,
0.011649939231574535,
0.3662559986114502,
0.27481240034103394,
0.16034026443958282,
0.46154582500457764,
0.29065534472465515,
0.3120397627353668,
0.6714538931846619,
0.6894500851631165,
0.9902039170265198,
-0.8365799188613892,
-0.33918991684913635,
-0.30896300077438354,
0.4759061336517334,
-0.4302015006542206,
0.34063470363616943,
0.051731400191783905,
0.1116267740726471,
-0.03226836398243904,
-0.23247087001800537,
-0.023310257121920586,
0.21186015009880066,
0.12185318022966385,
-0.14681819081306458,
-0.6136910915374756,
0.30944740772247314,
0.34376978874206543,
0.11543921381235123,
-0.4990623891353607,
0.1700071394443512,
-1.0306251049041748,
-0.5579837560653687,
-0.14477457106113434,
0.1753510981798172,
-0.601260781288147,
-0.10832875221967697,
-0.34757113456726074,
0.2727256119251251,
-0.21101900935173035,
-0.3410722315311432,
0.006713891867548227,
-0.3150377869606018,
-0.869320809841156,
-0.16666154563426971,
-0.688963770866394,
0.6642209887504578,
0.29753413796424866,
0.2563754618167877,
-0.06637175381183624,
0.1891365349292755,
0.3072538673877716,
0.3823026418685913,
-0.4567151665687561,
-0.1721026599407196,
0.1577172428369522,
0.8144881725311279,
0.3843925893306732,
-0.3120393455028534,
-0.13951966166496277,
0.06459250301122665,
0.06892534345388412,
-0.33904701471328735,
0.30200397968292236,
0.6053316593170166,
-0.8060938119888306,
-0.8749433755874634,
-0.09668409079313278,
0.10378172248601913,
0.2785508632659912,
-0.49246880412101746,
-0.6175497174263,
0.0110322842374444,
-0.09481343626976013,
-0.21799764037132263,
0.4942176043987274,
0.2907547056674957,
-0.4149957001209259,
-0.5697470307350159,
-0.17653796076774597,
0.6713511943817139,
0.32081225514411926,
0.33986303210258484,
0.06994406878948212,
-0.012464405037462711,
-0.39933744072914124,
-0.2634522318840027,
0.5526400804519653,
-0.5570098757743835,
-0.0620059035718441,
0.20401763916015625,
0.45072102546691895,
-0.35018354654312134,
-0.5880900025367737,
0.0064121452160179615,
-0.7935344576835632,
-0.4970143735408783,
0.5065527558326721,
-0.12148270756006241,
-0.3996567726135254,
-0.4144302308559418,
0.7554348111152649,
0.33422553539276123,
0.662496030330658,
-0.3220880329608917,
-0.6052293181419373,
0.5565212965011597,
-0.12349490076303482,
-0.05629269406199455,
-0.500135600566864,
-0.13837240636348724,
-0.06554348766803741,
-0.09432871639728546,
-0.6347422003746033,
0.08724667131900787,
-0.5236970782279968,
-0.14939165115356445,
-0.07011305540800095,
-0.10947731882333755,
1.2867194414138794,
-0.10613565891981125,
-0.7695892453193665,
0.8500155210494995,
-0.8034793734550476,
0.8874274492263794,
-0.1158597320318222,
0.009099206887185574,
-0.40110740065574646,
-0.6494805812835693,
-0.3855857849121094,
-0.04657907038927078,
0.5428272485733032,
0.22858981788158417,
0.8447465896606445,
0.07786580920219421,
0.14195945858955383,
-0.2694208025932312,
0.15318477153778076,
0.31529220938682556,
0.25935098528862,
-0.4008517563343048,
-0.41502389311790466,
-0.40866702795028687,
0.22762292623519897,
-0.8600828647613525,
1.0205658674240112,
-0.4219207167625427,
0.7526959776878357,
0.29958823323249817,
-0.37469497323036194,
-0.04020979627966881,
-0.10133521258831024,
0.3024969696998596,
0.18929734826087952,
-0.3841661512851715,
0.8328679203987122,
0.11134736239910126,
-0.13270258903503418,
-0.1418749839067459,
-0.3054269552230835,
-0.8130165338516235,
-0.11271248757839203,
-0.34094345569610596,
0.4910615384578705,
0.00844278559088707,
0.25026723742485046,
-0.25425583124160767,
-0.9222910404205322,
0.4167242646217346,
0.13134916126728058,
-0.36317259073257446,
0.07487176358699799,
0.2142888605594635,
-0.5068944096565247,
-0.09554048627614975,
-0.008372788317501545,
-0.16085802018642426,
0.38438865542411804,
0.03735104948282242,
0.2667279541492462,
0.10467468202114105,
0.17443427443504333,
0.4842897057533264,
0.3292316496372223,
0.25012120604515076,
-0.5221733450889587,
0.14923080801963806,
0.3570471405982971,
0.4197433590888977,
-0.30282023549079895,
-0.17808659374713898,
-0.3514012098312378,
-0.8301836848258972,
-0.1545865833759308,
0.02324730157852173,
0.19638019800186157,
-0.6509979963302612,
-0.3066422939300537,
0.4049933850765228,
-0.2708970606327057,
0.21468277275562286,
0.33729395270347595,
-0.08777853101491928,
-0.6169615387916565,
-0.28661277890205383,
0.06740371137857437,
0.3901006281375885,
-0.37507638335227966,
-0.49473950266838074,
-0.1876385509967804,
0.10548865050077438,
-0.22874115407466888,
-0.4155545234680176,
-0.03935234993696213,
-0.020984318107366562,
-0.07954662293195724,
0.7276888489723206,
0.30740809440612793,
0.2636321783065796,
0.4606616199016571,
0.13300307095050812,
0.3480736315250397,
-0.22791092097759247,
-0.060309525579214096,
-0.24413453042507172,
-0.2763974964618683,
0.7051907777786255,
0.02877485379576683,
0.6680558323860168,
0.7754051685333252,
-0.11778914928436279,
0.003522176295518875,
0.6246269941329956,
-5.52754545211792,
-0.14656668901443481,
-0.3927276134490967,
0.24668185412883759,
1.3329278230667114,
-0.31598711013793945,
0.09269588440656662,
-0.9639448523521423,
-0.09766363352537155,
-0.49337098002433777,
-0.20474322140216827,
0.08265171200037003,
-0.3161288797855377,
0.39049625396728516,
0.4599370062351227,
0.5524243712425232,
0.2628896236419678,
0.1618795543909073,
0.10428665578365326,
0.8193052411079407,
-0.028608040884137154,
0.14333941042423248,
0.32195332646369934,
0.4650907516479492,
-0.13319279253482819,
0.3139985501766205,
-0.2618633508682251,
0.25361204147338867,
-0.460027813911438,
-0.3003978133201599,
0.06084432080388069,
-0.21709291636943817,
0.14508724212646484,
-0.7311995625495911,
-0.2687147557735443,
0.43026652932167053,
0.5154650807380676,
0.1407761126756668,
-0.17008554935455322,
0.07156861573457718,
0.4612850546836853,
0.13831448554992676,
0.3664085865020752,
-0.28560560941696167,
0.21365725994110107,
-0.43647828698158264,
-0.6516683101654053,
-0.12665140628814697,
-0.4376591145992279,
0.3457479178905487,
-0.5852107405662537,
0.38371580839157104,
0.3054690957069397,
0.17708587646484375,
-0.3550295829772949,
-0.4229726493358612,
0.19286638498306274,
-0.016887539997696877,
0.26018285751342773,
-0.14280182123184204,
0.1521189957857132,
-0.7884489297866821,
0.02011406049132347,
-0.2858654260635376,
-0.3632991313934326,
-0.2852243483066559,
-0.18596869707107544,
0.7098002433776855,
0.49987122416496277,
0.23659132421016693,
0.06147898733615875,
0.011231166310608387,
-0.08677687495946884,
-0.7871872186660767,
-0.550635814666748,
-0.813382625579834,
0.048381853848695755,
-0.37027400732040405,
-0.09455900639295578,
0.19501502811908722,
-0.07829359173774719,
0.05790995806455612,
-0.36855536699295044,
0.23774529993534088,
0.41117286682128906,
-0.9032922387123108,
-0.30160942673683167,
0.28795191645622253,
-0.5929968357086182,
-0.3340205252170563,
-0.237535759806633,
-0.3191073536872864,
-0.3973281681537628,
0.4254823625087738,
0.4439435601234436,
-0.06025410071015358,
-0.09599300473928452,
0.8117206692695618,
0.12193764001131058,
0.04223217815160751,
0.33642566204071045,
-0.1906072050333023,
-0.01712932623922825,
0.04632486775517464,
-0.19043931365013123,
-0.41486263275146484,
-0.05347026139497757,
0.41841980814933777,
0.2891351282596588,
0.1515839397907257,
0.252231240272522,
-0.2232828289270401,
-0.7635849714279175,
0.12293074280023575,
-0.35543957352638245,
-0.05873239412903786,
-0.26198524236679077,
0.2186538726091385,
-0.4012943506240845,
0.2380158007144928,
-0.03429986909031868,
0.18877992033958435,
0.02626810036599636,
0.07400987297296524,
-0.43958884477615356,
-0.4166680872440338,
0.1733493208885193,
-0.10222036391496658,
-0.02642328478395939,
-0.40395742654800415,
0.019952617585659027,
-0.3379201591014862,
0.14213205873966217,
0.6731036305427551,
-0.16741374135017395,
0.028508644551038742,
-0.018604174256324768,
-0.08900882303714752,
0.11129534244537354,
0.5484665632247925,
0.18860989809036255,
-0.09443942457437515,
0.02485576830804348,
0.25991857051849365,
0.5380065441131592,
0.4612322449684143,
-0.41192981600761414,
0.39625295996665955,
-0.7347456216812134,
0.41242167353630066,
-0.06425591558218002,
-0.2958203852176666,
0.3836670517921448,
0.2574821710586548,
0.3313646614551544,
-0.29382699728012085,
-0.389296293258667,
0.7397637963294983,
0.03032725490629673,
0.02663632109761238,
-0.29298135638237,
-0.21329893171787262,
-0.6079307794570923,
-0.5993098020553589,
0.21126891672611237,
0.2682931423187256,
-0.032116398215293884,
-0.17977920174598694,
-0.9096852540969849,
0.16895686089992523,
-0.2338481992483139,
-0.23969930410385132,
-0.7519828081130981,
-0.09222400933504105,
0.37144336104393005,
0.11833500117063522,
-0.2980518341064453,
-0.09347110241651535,
0.1157349944114685,
0.06205856427550316,
0.24447034299373627,
-0.4318459630012512,
0.4366733133792877,
-0.07020527869462967,
0.9558603763580322,
-0.34371960163116455,
-0.3157062530517578,
-0.5363488793373108,
0.5642186403274536,
-0.4154663681983948,
0.0733451098203659,
-0.27688437700271606,
0.24099063873291016,
0.16426469385623932,
-0.2519671320915222,
-0.6670839190483093,
-0.31094834208488464,
-0.006318559870123863,
-0.21702294051647186,
0.0017180240247398615,
0.09365353733301163,
0.5440363883972168,
-0.4403812289237976,
0.696574866771698,
0.4203510284423828,
-0.1702570766210556,
0.2260390967130661,
-0.0255952849984169,
-0.0628003478050232,
0.5695532560348511,
-0.23418547213077545,
-0.9068012237548828,
0.3555455803871155,
0.8566911816596985,
-0.9890143275260925,
-0.29888367652893066,
-0.22194220125675201,
-0.3167535960674286,
-0.1783958077430725,
-0.15163356065750122,
-0.3992333710193634,
-0.0014538667164742947,
-0.27601656317710876,
0.05869688466191292,
-0.3669857084751129,
0.5681955218315125,
0.1893255114555359,
-0.6000532507896423,
0.8187130093574524,
-0.2434692680835724,
0.5440972447395325,
-0.28071147203445435,
-0.21344900131225586,
-0.0511590801179409,
0.7332440614700317,
-0.4005352258682251,
0.24301883578300476,
0.13845700025558472,
-0.39423879981040955,
0.2643793523311615,
0.1375575214624405,
1.113195776939392,
-0.1767411231994629,
-0.6804920434951782,
-0.45855414867401123,
0.5664756298065186,
0.43479570746421814,
0.4061031937599182,
-0.6550376415252686,
-0.0435568206012249,
0.48506295680999756,
-0.21374402940273285,
0.029765106737613678,
-0.1808217167854309,
0.043744441121816635,
-0.38611263036727905,
0.10077856481075287,
-0.027316663414239883,
-0.08361747115850449,
-0.1756378710269928,
0.6819521188735962,
-0.28751710057258606,
-0.7135417461395264,
0.05985153838992119,
-0.24011778831481934,
-0.013008595444262028,
-0.3681020140647888,
-0.27406278252601624,
0.36496806144714355,
-0.18271201848983765,
0.39132586121559143,
-0.371661901473999,
0.0677456259727478,
0.8236315250396729,
0.0963541641831398,
0.3565208911895752,
-0.2622353732585907,
-0.7074322700500488,
0.8514809012413025,
0.13541217148303986,
-0.41997504234313965,
0.4932568073272705,
0.010322949849069118,
-0.09177476167678833,
0.800197184085846,
-0.7531169652938843,
0.016332583501935005,
0.2127799689769745,
0.149217426776886,
0.7209145426750183,
-0.5832788348197937,
-0.1300717145204544,
0.2529638409614563,
0.2106347531080246,
0.061579540371894836,
0.2817988991737366,
0.4850420355796814,
0.06473571807146072,
0.6716408729553223,
-0.10729634016752243,
-0.4939764738082886,
0.6065641045570374,
0.4679265022277832,
0.045235391706228256,
0.37862542271614075,
0.012907374650239944,
-0.5230991840362549,
-0.10176856070756912,
-0.46876707673072815,
0.05476102977991104,
0.3061298429965973,
-0.16709886491298676,
0.7718188762664795,
0.29505014419555664,
-0.20103590190410614,
-0.12999720871448517,
0.5579514503479004,
-0.8885965943336487,
0.043494563549757004,
0.4771409034729004,
-0.12479705363512039,
0.5755783915519714,
0.2917172610759735,
-0.1102178543806076,
-0.12268688529729843,
0.7989900708198547,
-0.4944137930870056,
-0.5725686550140381,
0.0821104496717453,
0.2025620937347412,
0.14151865243911743,
-0.3179928660392761,
-0.4605693817138672,
0.926857590675354,
-0.40979039669036865,
-0.4747520983219147,
0.14957614243030548,
-0.9390447735786438,
-0.5424941778182983,
0.3425372838973999,
0.643909752368927,
0.6410854458808899,
-0.5781745314598083,
0.3670988976955414,
-0.7306987047195435,
0.20382750034332275,
0.10357692837715149,
0.020804191008210182,
-0.319623202085495,
0.4971778392791748,
0.21072152256965637,
0.04918698966503143,
0.4450697600841522,
0.1271447092294693,
0.26652073860168457,
0.16225795447826385,
-0.26934152841567993,
-0.15170413255691528,
-0.5923242568969727,
-0.013210904784500599,
-0.13591204583644867,
0.8770661950111389,
0.9628452658653259,
-0.1784108281135559,
0.0016950403805822134,
-0.040791429579257965,
0.4597324728965759,
0.06540783494710922,
0.00664774002507329,
0.24625182151794434,
-0.19014447927474976,
0.34527280926704407,
0.06612943112850189,
-0.7194613814353943,
0.3532079756259918,
0.1716865599155426,
-0.05524367839097977,
0.8007793426513672,
-0.16838975250720978,
-0.8007763624191284,
0.01672482118010521,
-0.7308200001716614,
-0.2131335735321045,
-0.0981992781162262,
0.1482945680618286,
-0.4546660780906677,
-0.37721699476242065,
0.30893000960350037,
-1.004771113395691,
0.06511632353067398,
-0.14517557621002197,
-0.38044473528862,
0.12417932599782944,
0.1564035713672638,
-0.47598662972450256,
-0.2616691589355469,
0.2086329162120819,
0.7608655095100403,
0.22199222445487976,
-0.2647644579410553,
0.1527947038412094,
-0.004747840575873852,
-0.4627682864665985,
0.12245108187198639,
-0.22945654392242432,
0.2800397574901581,
-0.3794909119606018,
0.3836601674556732,
-0.6894999742507935,
0.25476691126823425,
0.05635174363851547,
0.3627507984638214,
-0.3216013014316559,
0.5243309140205383,
-0.129533052444458,
1.232874870300293,
0.503842294216156,
0.017953235656023026,
-0.19123512506484985,
0.18116648495197296,
-0.21503029763698578,
0.7294625639915466,
0.2699755132198334,
0.40571296215057373,
0.26845577359199524,
0.2339247614145279,
0.11357096582651138,
0.35144078731536865,
-0.9535828828811646,
0.40614035725593567,
-0.04363928735256195,
0.40135088562965393,
-0.5725001096725464,
0.18063512444496155,
-0.23910214006900787,
0.0462656132876873,
0.786412239074707,
1.0753939151763916,
0.007857509888708591,
-0.5588165521621704,
-0.13727474212646484,
0.14427757263183594,
0.4600355327129364,
0.07962995767593384,
0.5180021524429321,
-0.07182381302118301,
-0.16419029235839844,
-0.26260295510292053,
-0.6770150065422058,
0.19131505489349365,
0.6287384033203125,
-0.2081223577260971,
0.3041825294494629,
-0.5292355418205261,
-0.08225738257169724,
-0.24048975110054016,
0.14093682169914246,
0.14447739720344543,
0.4688841998577118,
0.5526136159896851
]
|
128327 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garner%2C%20North%20Carolina | Garner, North Carolina | Garner is a town in Wake County, North Carolina, United States and a suburb of Raleigh. The population is 31,159 as of the 2020 Census. The city limits are entirely within Wake County, though portions of unincorporated Wake County, as well as the Cleveland community in northern Johnston County, have Garner mailing addresses. It is part of the Research Triangle region of North Carolina and serves as a bedroom community for the region.
Geography
Garner is located at (35.698243, -78.622865).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which is land and , or 0.34%, is water.
Garner is located entirely within Wake County. There are unincorporated areas of Wake County and Johnston County that have Garner postal addresses, including a portion of the unincorporated, but densely populated, Cleveland Community.
Demographics
2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 31,159 people, 11,642 households, and 7,637 families residing in the town.
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 17,757 people, 6,950 households, and 4,830 families residing in the town. The population density was 1,385.1 people per square mile (534.8/km). There were 7,252 housing units at an average density of 565.7 per square mile (218.4/km). The racial makeup of the town was 67.02% White, 27.13% African American, 0.41% Native American, 1.11% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 2.77% from other races, and 1.54% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.75% of the population.
There were 6,950 households, out of which 34.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.5% were married couples living together, 12.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.5% were non-families. 24.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.51 and the average family size was 3.00.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 25.0% under the age of 18, 7.9% from 18 to 24, 33.6% from 25 to 44, 22.6% from 45 to 64, and 10.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.2 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $47,380, and the median income for a family was $58,302. Males had a median income of $37,359 versus $29,805 for females. The per capita income for the town was $22,433. About 4.9% of families and 6.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.9% of those under age 18 and 10.1% of those age 65 or over.
History
Land near the town of Garner was first settled around 1751. In the 1850s, the North Carolina Railroad was built, and before the 1870s, a wood-and-water stop was established in present-day downtown Garner. The community of Garner's Station received a post office in 1878 and was incorporated in 1883, but the community had its charter repealed in 1891.
In 1905, the charter was reinstated as the Town of Garner. The first mayor was J.B. Richardson, and the first aldermen were H.D. Rand, J.J. Bagwell, H. Bryan, M.C. Penny, and J.S. Buffaloe.
In 1912, the telephone came to Garner. The town is off of US 70, which in 1917 became the first paved highway to be built in North Carolina.
An explosion and partial roof collapse of a ConAgra Foods plant on June 9, 2009, killed four and injured some 40 workers.
The Downtown Garner Historic District, Edenwood, and Meadowbrook Country Club are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Government
City Council and City Manager
Garner currently operates under a councilβmanager government whereby the Town Council is the publicly elected legislative body of the town, and appoints a Town Manager to manage the administrative operations of the town. The Town Council consists of the Mayor and five Town Council Members, one of whom serves as Mayor "Pro Tempore."
Ken Marshburn, Mayor
Kathy Behringer, Council Member, Mayor Pro-Tem
Demian Dellinger, Council Member
Phil Matthews, Council Member
Gra Singleton, Council Member
Elmo Vance, Council Member
Since March 2016, Rodney Dickerson has served as the Town Manager.
City Police Department
As of 2019, the Garner Police Department has 68 sworn police officers and 10 professional staff personnel (including full-time and part-time staff) to provide law enforcement services to a town roughly 16 square miles in area with a permanent residential population of over 31,000 citizens. The Department is divided into two bureausβthe Operations Bureau and the Administration Bureau.
Since October 2020, Joe Binns has served as Garner's Chief of Police.
Library
Garner's library service began in 1928 and was formed by the Garner's Women's Club, which operated and staffed the library with volunteer workers
Today, Garner's public library is the Southeast Regional Library, which is a regional facility operated by Wake County Public Libraries. The library offers Wake County Public Library's child and adult services, which include storytimes, adult craft programs, computer use, and other free activities for the community. In 2020, as part of Wake County Public Library's Fine Free program, Southeast Regional Library has stopped collecting fines for books that are returned late.
In June 2020, Southeast Regional Library began offering Wake County's Books on the Go program, a contactless book retrieval service that allows patrons to request and receive books from the library while it is closed due to COVID-19
Employment
According to Garner's 2020 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the top employers in the town were:
In 2020, Amazon began operations at a new Fulfillment Center in Garner and is expected to hire 3,000 full time employees.
Transportation
Roads
Several major roads and highways serve Garner:
Interstate 40 passes by the north and east sides of Garner. The town can be accessed via South Saunders Street (Exit 298-A), Hammond Road (Exit 299), Jones Sausage Road (Exit 303), or US 70 (Exit 306-B).
U.S. 70 serves as the main eastβwest highway through Garner. Most of the businesses and shopping centers lie on U.S. 70.
U.S. 401 splits from U.S. 70 at the town's northwestern corner and runs to the west of the town.
N.C. 50 enters the town with U.S. 401 and U.S. 70 at the northwestern corner, then splits from U.S. 70 at Benson Road, serving as a major northβsouth arterial through Garner, and paralleling I-40 into Johnston County.
N.C. 42 is an eastβwest highway south of Garner. Though outside of the town limits proper, it serves many addresses in unincorporated parts of Wake and Johnston counties with Garner addresses.
Timber Drive is an extension of Hammond Road that serves as a major arterial to connect residential areas of Garner with U.S. 70 and I-40.
Garner Road is a former alignment of U.S. 70 that parallels it along the town's northern edge.
Public transportation
Garner is served by the GoRaleigh bus routes 7 and 40x, both serving the shopping centers around Garner Station. In October 2019, GoRaleigh bus route 20 replaced the rush-hour-only service of GoTriangle bus route 102 with all-day service. Route 20 connects Downtown Garner with Downtown Raleigh as well as the shopping centers at White Oak, Timber Crossing, and Forest Hills, the Garner Town Hall, the Southeast Regional Library, and the Garner Police Station.
Addition service is provided to seniors and those with disabilities through GoWake Access. This service provides door-to-door service to eligible residents that may have difficulties using traditional public transportation.
Rail
Amtrak passes through Garner but does not have a scheduled stop. The nearest station is in Raleigh.
Air
The nearest commercial airport with regular passenger service is Raleigh-Durham International Airport. General aviation services can also be found at the Triple W Airport in Fuquay-Varina or the Raleigh East Airport in Knightdale.
Education
The following schools serve students in and around Garner. Most, but not all, are located within the town limits of Garner. With few exceptions, school districts in North Carolina are organized at the county level, and students are often assigned to schools without regard to which municipality they live in.
Wake County public schools:
Aversboro Elementary School
Bryan Road Elementary School
Creech Road Elementary School
East Garner Elementary School
Rand Road Elementary School
Smith Magnet Elementary School
Timber Drive Elementary School
Vandora Springs Elementary School
Vance Elementary School
East Garner Middle School
North Garner Middle School
Garner Magnet High School
South Garner High School
Johnston County public schools:
Polenta Elementary School
West View Elementary School
Cleveland Middle School
The original campus of the Governor Morehead School, a state-operated school for blind white students and blind and deaf black students, was in Garner. In 1923 white blind students were moved to Raleigh. The desegregation plan in the 1960s called for all deaf students to be moved to North Carolina School for the Deaf and Eastern North Carolina School for the Deaf, while blind students were moved to Raleigh.
Notable people
Brandon Banks, Canadian Football League wide receiver and return specialist
Chris Culliver, NFL cornerback
Carl Franks, former Duke University head football coach and former University of South Florida assistant coach
Tom Gulley, former MLB player
Donnie Harrison, former sheriff of Wake County, North Carolina
Nyheim Hines, NFL running back
Arlie Honeycutt, Miss North Carolina 2012
James Mays, professional basketball player
Scotty McCreery, American Idol season 10 winner
Manny Perez, professional soccer player
Sarah Shook, country music singer
John Wall, NBA player
Pat Watkins, MLB outfielder
David West, NBA player and 2003 NCAA Player-of-the-Year at Xavier University
Donald Williams, professional basketball player
References
External links
Town of Garner official website
Garner Chamber of Commerce
Garner Parks and Recreation
Populated places established in 1847
Towns in North Carolina
Towns in Wake County, North Carolina
1847 establishments in North Carolina | [
-0.13866689801216125,
0.02586737647652626,
0.38209837675094604,
-0.31057488918304443,
0.25781121850013733,
0.04541114717721939,
0.0792500376701355,
0.40236374735832214,
-0.8305726051330566,
-0.296805739402771,
-0.42646414041519165,
0.1471821367740631,
-0.5969095826148987,
0.9630372524261475,
-1.1521742343902588,
0.5596182346343994,
0.12271327525377274,
0.6820080876350403,
-0.00303714070469141,
-0.7174437642097473,
-0.10760089010000229,
-0.5521867275238037,
-0.27583587169647217,
0.943228542804718,
0.40689319372177124,
0.45987668633461,
0.5239346027374268,
-0.3454246520996094,
0.29886165261268616,
0.36336371302604675,
-0.14180423319339752,
0.4217410981655121,
0.06076507642865181,
0.36796265840530396,
0.18000154197216034,
-0.025505589321255684,
-0.21911130845546722,
0.22568455338478088,
0.08991675078868866,
-0.14071407914161682,
-0.5998817086219788,
-0.05828353390097618,
0.10848558694124222,
0.09535247832536697,
0.4644397795200348,
-0.47015705704689026,
-1.2853957414627075,
0.19929736852645874,
-1.2201639413833618,
-0.8203193545341492,
-1.0588048696517944,
0.15122950077056885,
-0.1969488263130188,
0.4778200685977936,
0.6558340787887573,
0.18848587572574615,
-0.3153974413871765,
0.1210491806268692,
0.8570731282234192,
0.1591525375843048,
-0.25059130787849426,
0.251930832862854,
0.23786692321300507,
0.05736216902732849,
-0.1636657416820526,
-0.19754837453365326,
0.1411433219909668,
0.5369769930839539,
0.10584189742803574,
-0.6708564162254333,
-0.055819638073444366,
-0.16846618056297302,
-0.04544813930988312,
0.08797691762447357,
-0.010260216891765594,
0.48402610421180725,
-0.03617255017161369,
-0.1638624668121338,
0.04035903513431549,
-0.13746650516986847,
-0.1176183819770813,
0.1400366872549057,
0.5785242915153503,
-0.2511245310306549,
0.7778521180152893,
0.2517404556274414,
-1.0616827011108398,
0.4348277449607849,
0.18882477283477783,
0.7210597395896912,
-0.6001827716827393,
0.48234498500823975,
-0.2563490867614746,
0.13432712852954865,
-0.050048064440488815,
-0.15675270557403564,
-0.06929558515548706,
0.20928263664245605,
0.0533757209777832,
0.2861362099647522,
-0.47778135538101196,
0.36948803067207336,
0.9124916791915894,
-0.17325983941555023,
-0.2797282338142395,
-0.17347387969493866,
-0.33094295859336853,
-0.2575526237487793,
0.3048468232154846,
-0.0850147008895874,
-0.653268575668335,
0.06827995181083679,
-0.17472653090953827,
-0.6399222612380981,
-0.42303335666656494,
0.4716823697090149,
0.2952699065208435,
-0.32020899653434753,
-0.12999571859836578,
-0.08092498779296875,
0.02148333750665188,
0.717807412147522,
-0.0071361674927175045,
0.4598359763622284,
-0.22960029542446136,
0.37073737382888794,
-0.07246797531843185,
0.21083322167396545,
-0.03028757870197296,
0.42629513144493103,
-0.38655513525009155,
0.5020479559898376,
-0.2111874520778656,
0.5479913949966431,
-0.08190467953681946,
-0.1985221952199936,
0.08096577227115631,
0.07607383280992508,
0.4670639634132385,
0.11203378438949585,
-0.9566769599914551,
0.08624684810638428,
-0.3421476483345032,
-0.16105294227600098,
-0.06197625771164894,
-0.7160734534263611,
-0.2984614074230194,
-0.2936100363731384,
0.058546122163534164,
0.04922885075211525,
0.10501977056264877,
0.3135901987552643,
0.1887199878692627,
0.20679053664207458,
-0.2862039804458618,
0.2406206876039505,
0.6364181637763977,
0.6051684021949768,
0.3807758390903473,
0.6271626949310303,
0.2264772206544876,
0.68584144115448,
0.7059109210968018,
-0.7456722259521484,
0.16523131728172302,
-0.11959277838468552,
0.733415424823761,
-0.42895635962486267,
0.32257264852523804,
0.330969899892807,
-0.4419405162334442,
0.6116052865982056,
0.4665617048740387,
0.08537295460700989,
0.14202265441417694,
-0.5633164644241333,
0.46996936202049255,
0.1521550714969635,
-0.009150583297014236,
-0.1786281317472458,
-0.6547464728355408,
0.7017384767532349,
0.5978735089302063,
-0.14600186049938202,
-0.10662516951560974,
0.507426917552948,
0.035381026566028595,
-0.08242516219615936,
-0.5671616792678833,
-0.7853068709373474,
0.17631669342517853,
-0.7666276097297668,
0.34974154829978943,
-0.07956604659557343,
0.5746225118637085,
0.38700374960899353,
-0.10588230937719345,
0.5778080821037292,
-0.018530279397964478,
0.30795085430145264,
0.3274936378002167,
-0.15945757925510406,
0.3812798857688904,
-0.2921372354030609,
0.06948398798704147,
0.14929822087287903,
0.28566405177116394,
0.03561045229434967,
-0.05275330692529678,
0.36145249009132385,
0.034359853714704514,
-1.1429567337036133,
0.02993718534708023,
0.7332590222358704,
-0.27268657088279724,
-0.3207850456237793,
-0.09398515522480011,
0.11620689928531647,
0.4970744550228119,
-0.14929862320423126,
0.8773126006126404,
-0.05137687921524048,
-0.07555903494358063,
-0.09346529096364975,
-0.19613483548164368,
0.9156911969184875,
0.32432183623313904,
0.20377078652381897,
-0.3215184807777405,
0.5634717345237732,
-0.15580706298351288,
0.3425334095954895,
-0.3896543085575104,
-0.825986921787262,
0.05207957327365875,
-0.46572765707969666,
0.0493781715631485,
-0.5340514183044434,
0.23320071399211884,
-0.4747329652309418,
0.10487762093544006,
0.20811285078525543,
-0.6898136734962463,
0.04427938535809517,
0.17145097255706787,
0.14850400388240814,
-0.3777545988559723,
-0.10538920760154724,
0.5293306708335876,
-0.21424026787281036,
-0.2610150873661041,
0.040703270584344864,
0.6549968123435974,
0.025783708319067955,
-0.1424713283777237,
0.07867161929607391,
-0.4068528413772583,
0.42852669954299927,
0.6058251261711121,
0.3330061137676239,
-0.07129383087158203,
0.08374898880720139,
-0.5034096240997314,
-0.19712020456790924,
-0.09378299117088318,
-1.0228285789489746,
-0.43852803111076355,
-0.09772349894046783,
-0.041477739810943604,
0.6284465789794922,
0.5239777565002441,
-0.6589011549949646,
0.17114199697971344,
-0.2270144522190094,
0.4707024097442627,
-0.11803732812404633,
0.3312048316001892,
-0.5444919466972351,
-0.7253124117851257,
-0.2444726824760437,
0.021286265924572945,
0.8370531797409058,
0.1042328029870987,
-0.04252362251281738,
0.42990946769714355,
-0.7456813454627991,
1.0445942878723145,
-0.4329679608345032,
-0.2038460373878479,
-0.28902411460876465,
-0.5451925992965698,
0.3096417784690857,
-0.2712576985359192,
0.794845700263977,
-0.0402778796851635,
0.7251406908035278,
0.06135052815079689,
-0.15120482444763184,
0.4730603098869324,
-0.4462609589099884,
-0.41299867630004883,
0.6770220994949341,
-0.27692872285842896,
0.25349220633506775,
0.42779529094696045,
-0.3487052023410797,
-0.04809902608394623,
-0.3487522006034851,
-5.188698768615723,
0.7783501744270325,
-0.6180233359336853,
-0.19578878581523895,
0.2676945626735687,
-0.3716275691986084,
0.2762683928012848,
-0.3080712556838989,
0.15220969915390015,
0.22472240030765533,
-0.40357112884521484,
-0.2765125036239624,
-0.42349773645401,
0.7892866134643555,
0.5063268542289734,
0.4540797472000122,
0.8766104578971863,
-0.6085847020149231,
0.8069100379943848,
0.2474880963563919,
-0.4508494734764099,
-0.09552028030157089,
-0.18119823932647705,
-0.06893879920244217,
0.32076624035835266,
0.29725414514541626,
-0.3683196008205414,
-0.5951603651046753,
-0.4238116443157196,
0.10000672936439514,
-0.13994038105010986,
-0.0869976058602333,
-0.7750913500785828,
-0.11350686848163605,
0.5622988343238831,
-0.02884541265666485,
0.0753258764743805,
-0.5347276926040649,
-0.3637903332710266,
-0.7646610736846924,
0.7859376668930054,
0.37869855761528015,
-0.6443901062011719,
-0.23711881041526794,
0.8074754476547241,
-0.23865483701229095,
-0.842249870300293,
-0.07519374787807465,
-0.19932276010513306,
0.7997692227363586,
-0.2569321393966675,
-0.2557259798049927,
0.31821346282958984,
-0.05874362215399742,
0.07432220131158829,
-0.05845418572425842,
0.719143807888031,
0.0772288367152214,
-0.21269670128822327,
0.9527493119239807,
0.011216854676604271,
-0.7000678777694702,
0.17682772874832153,
0.2907267212867737,
-0.36621877551078796,
-0.22326889634132385,
-0.03790929168462753,
-0.11693126708269119,
0.6144551634788513,
-0.1783706396818161,
0.09221003949642181,
0.5355327725410461,
-0.2847066819667816,
-0.6202544569969177,
0.28895026445388794,
-0.7049736976623535,
-0.8361880779266357,
-0.12947648763656616,
-0.49053606390953064,
0.44164416193962097,
-0.03896873816847801,
0.13112905621528625,
0.7106015086174011,
0.6252912878990173,
-0.019308269023895264,
-0.48643115162849426,
-0.25011923909187317,
0.5710693001747131,
-0.21044647693634033,
-0.5128164291381836,
0.16110102832317352,
-0.2192113995552063,
0.571398138999939,
-0.334106981754303,
-0.08792592585086823,
-0.001527850516140461,
0.14366626739501953,
0.3860069811344147,
-0.2835332453250885,
-0.7656843066215515,
0.4116840660572052,
-0.5674124956130981,
-0.17360921204090118,
-0.41591423749923706,
-0.1379144787788391,
-0.028357667848467827,
0.1697576493024826,
0.26176393032073975,
0.5273874998092651,
-0.13363325595855713,
-0.06219892576336861,
0.03996340557932854,
-0.24287056922912598,
-0.5518637299537659,
0.9106572270393372,
-0.33660680055618286,
0.24550215899944305,
0.6283168792724609,
-0.13276360929012299,
0.0422772653400898,
0.07210461050271988,
0.27866655588150024,
-0.22914403676986694,
-0.3116934895515442,
-0.2668114900588989,
-0.7122281193733215,
0.8203702569007874,
0.023963546380400658,
-0.39654645323753357,
0.04502972587943077,
0.06193980202078819,
0.09166399389505386,
-0.44522324204444885,
-0.09043728560209274,
-0.4799548089504242,
-0.2421955019235611,
-0.38038256764411926,
-0.9570580720901489,
0.21570388972759247,
0.5218386650085449,
0.4793083965778351,
0.10704221576452255,
-0.5047110915184021,
0.40715786814689636,
-0.41482293605804443,
-0.04151180386543274,
0.1032998263835907,
0.38355782628059387,
-1.0335439443588257,
-0.09249664098024368,
-0.03729536011815071,
-0.4719637334346771,
-0.20526723563671112,
-0.7466880679130554,
-0.14207236468791962,
-0.05655507743358612,
0.7923232316970825,
0.32855671644210815,
0.44548895955085754,
-0.47340384125709534,
-0.026353683322668076,
-0.19245104491710663,
-0.7151443958282471,
0.6977831721305847,
0.12063751369714737,
-0.37558165192604065,
-0.7111496329307556,
0.23897363245487213,
0.22300885617733002,
-0.03686223924160004,
0.7050134539604187,
-0.8249725103378296,
-0.5203661322593689,
-0.08859354257583618,
0.4487869441509247,
-0.16406287252902985,
0.5108808279037476,
0.35206419229507446,
-0.331264853477478,
-0.060837529599666595,
-0.24856449663639069,
-0.5778042078018188,
-1.1289244890213013,
-0.2159373015165329,
-0.012075463309884071,
-0.21353022754192352,
-0.06277390569448471,
-0.08730010688304901,
0.05465473234653473,
0.34160304069519043,
-0.02666705660521984,
-0.2049589902162552,
0.2032022625207901,
0.42328235507011414,
0.32777854800224304,
-0.6262213587760925,
0.4730599522590637,
-0.2960962653160095,
-0.06942284852266312,
-0.6665631532669067,
-0.1696299910545349,
0.5796340107917786,
-0.8474746346473694,
0.4981856346130371,
0.21734921634197235,
-0.7404742240905762,
0.35153910517692566,
0.3652978837490082,
-0.5302219986915588,
0.6811220049858093,
-0.17632347345352173,
-0.44389134645462036,
0.21537397801876068,
0.3827330470085144,
-0.5049002170562744,
0.08669817447662354,
0.3278920352458954,
-0.2956295609474182,
-0.42835748195648193,
0.23106643557548523,
-0.5168965458869934,
-0.04107543081045151,
-0.0065392423421144485,
-0.6791689395904541,
-0.6264632940292358,
0.8904571533203125,
0.35253921151161194,
-0.45828911662101746,
0.7413997650146484,
-0.5254969000816345,
-0.3053131401538849,
0.18654000759124756,
0.10087624937295914,
0.5003436207771301,
-0.009274092502892017,
-0.2679613530635834,
-0.23241497576236725,
-0.26619309186935425,
0.37759268283843994,
-0.24423767626285553,
0.7076959609985352,
0.6647671461105347,
0.02549034357070923,
-0.7738324999809265,
-0.17485304176807404,
-0.02509680949151516,
0.8423164486885071,
0.11629541963338852,
-0.9566057324409485,
0.3666728436946869,
0.783565104007721,
-0.5336965918540955,
-0.9209087491035461,
0.22322827577590942,
0.7834475636482239,
-0.20596647262573242,
-0.08218805491924286,
0.5917656421661377,
0.23607902228832245,
-0.04703469201922417,
0.4003724455833435,
-0.18846571445465088,
0.012173275463283062,
0.2214830219745636,
0.27355071902275085,
-0.25146734714508057,
-0.2973930239677429,
-0.2595895230770111,
0.38909798860549927,
-0.28139498829841614,
-0.3055060803890228,
-0.03292357549071312,
0.07985236495733261,
0.8156338334083557,
-0.2652394473552704,
0.39465096592903137,
-0.04814434424042702,
-0.910565197467804,
-0.39614224433898926,
0.013906961306929588,
-0.531570315361023,
-0.6671105623245239,
0.011535827070474625,
-0.5181443691253662,
0.2886204123497009,
-0.7118551731109619,
-0.10731243342161179,
-0.28593042492866516,
-0.526480495929718,
0.10719893872737885,
-0.30279117822647095,
-0.0718706026673317,
0.16518178582191467,
-1.3621230125427246,
-0.570493757724762,
0.16520464420318604,
0.8312557935714722,
0.4875178337097168,
0.05153487250208855,
0.4840414822101593,
-1.0735316276550293,
0.6204462647438049,
-0.7067784070968628,
-0.8720965385437012,
0.4597061574459076,
-0.315816730260849,
-0.5847102403640747,
-0.4280116856098175,
0.48806867003440857,
-0.07810178399085999,
-0.06193073093891144,
-0.6122493147850037,
0.4734838008880615,
1.1192233562469482,
-0.8043959736824036,
0.37630125880241394,
0.6703681945800781,
-0.511340320110321,
0.01799810864031315,
0.36437299847602844,
0.03396860882639885,
0.25869521498680115,
0.4071497321128845,
0.7648206353187561,
0.253121554851532,
1.1093127727508545,
0.16916966438293457,
0.4202893078327179,
-0.013879981823265553,
-0.2555179297924042,
-0.04869408532977104,
-0.5231053829193115,
-0.8037170767784119,
0.4224541187286377,
-0.03096722811460495,
-0.42022162675857544,
0.25002315640449524,
-0.10503454506397247,
-0.6288794875144958,
0.4871586561203003,
-0.41520148515701294,
0.36496418714523315,
0.3932868242263794,
0.10604505985975266,
-0.36326637864112854,
-0.6163555383682251,
-0.030686475336551666,
0.5481687188148499,
0.3487090468406677,
-0.5965326428413391,
-0.19935794174671173,
-0.0007261980790644884,
-0.2680826485157013,
-0.3476770520210266,
-0.29889458417892456,
-0.350922554731369,
0.7535369396209717,
-0.7157845497131348,
-0.7098564505577087,
-0.07174087315797806,
0.11608056724071503,
-0.14203301072120667,
0.7418883442878723,
0.4693552553653717,
0.14061808586120605,
0.10228857398033142,
0.537443220615387,
0.2598002552986145,
-0.6903511881828308,
0.8692161440849304,
0.22158339619636536,
0.13779497146606445,
0.4865371584892273,
0.5250257849693298,
0.19438694417476654,
0.603365957736969,
0.033412083983421326,
0.45829883217811584,
-0.31909218430519104,
-0.14313849806785583,
0.2533992826938629,
-0.11692479252815247,
-0.398333877325058,
-0.2778308391571045,
0.37631955742836,
-0.3131781220436096,
-0.3308557868003845,
-0.011535528115928173,
0.13477443158626556,
-0.1033492386341095,
-0.2557934522628784,
-0.1851426362991333,
-0.30923211574554443,
-0.030148377642035484,
0.02921437658369541,
0.4164907932281494,
-0.046531375497579575,
0.9817748665809631,
0.7250676155090332,
0.34954389929771423,
0.43322882056236267,
0.28288131952285767,
-0.3166024684906006,
-0.024842487648129463,
0.3007078766822815,
0.07963316142559052,
-0.6398383975028992,
0.07307544350624084,
-0.9607066512107849,
0.6096643805503845,
-0.22299446165561676,
0.2954019606113434,
-0.23599453270435333,
0.6401854157447815,
0.35288485884666443,
0.36594346165657043,
0.8032181262969971,
-0.11329661309719086,
-0.5651206970214844,
-0.3857470750808716,
0.08930524438619614,
0.03266631439328194,
0.24506084620952606,
0.8102095127105713,
0.47563061118125916,
-0.18052832782268524,
0.25338423252105713,
-0.20859608054161072,
-0.6828204393386841,
0.14389218389987946,
-0.029430098831653595,
-0.7477366924285889,
-0.08849521726369858,
-0.02738299034535885,
-0.45355650782585144,
-0.32051438093185425,
-0.14818380773067474,
1.8664093017578125,
0.5757346749305725,
-0.35909798741340637,
-0.29213204979896545,
-0.7045873999595642,
-0.20553112030029297,
-0.2866305708885193,
0.44745105504989624,
0.2435137927532196,
-0.8002782464027405,
-0.4981057643890381,
-0.7278351187705994,
0.6676468253135681,
-0.2785748243331909,
-0.8447617888450623,
-0.010372865945100784,
-0.044060926884412766,
0.0485905297100544,
0.23051606118679047,
-0.1998850554227829,
-0.13423435389995575,
0.5210781097412109,
0.127527117729187
]
|
128328 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holly%20Springs%2C%20North%20Carolina | Holly Springs, North Carolina | Holly Springs is a town in Wake County, North Carolina, United States. As of the 2020 census, the town population was 41,239, a 67% increase from 2010.
Geography
Holly Springs is located at (35.654583, β78.824624). According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which is land and , or 0.78%, is water. Neighboring towns include Apex to the north and Fuquay-Varina to the south.
Etymology
The town's name refers to the free flowing springs that emerge into a stream and small lake surrounded by large mature holly trees.
Demographics
2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 41,239 people, 11,202 households, and 9,307 families residing in the town.
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 24,661 people, 8,147 households, and 6,706 families residing in the town. In the 2000 census, there were only 9,192 people, 3,316 households, and 2,609 families residing in the town, demonstrating a large rate of growth during the past decade. The population density was 1,633.18 people per square mile. There were 8,658 housing units in 2010, an increase from only 3,642 housing units in 2000. The racial makeup of the town was 79.80% White, 12.6% African American, 0.40% Native American, 2.9% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 1.8% from other races, and 2.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.30% of the population.
There were 8,147 households, out of which 55.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 70.1% were married couples living together, 9.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 17.7% were non-families. 14.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 2.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.03 and the average family size was 3.38.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 32.4% under the age of 18, 5.0% from 18 to 24, 45.0% from 25 to 44, 15.9% from 45 to 64, and 4.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33.1 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.3 males. The population was also 51.4% female and 48.6% male.
The median income for a household in the town was $85,000, and the median income for a family was $92,539. Males had a median income of $66,630 versus $43,326 for females. The per capita income for the town was $31,527. About 2.6% of families and 3.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.7% of those under age 18 and 12.9% of those age 65 or over.
History
Early history
The Tuscarora Indians used the area around Holly Springs as a hunting ground prior to colonial settlement. This tribe fled North Carolina around 1720 to escape the influx of Europeans and eventually became the sixth nation of the Iroquois.
The town of Holly Springs grew around fresh water springs, believed to be the original "holly springs", near the intersection of what is now Avent Ferry Road and Cass Holt Road. These roads linked Raleigh to the Cape Fear River and ultimately to Fayetteville as well as linking Hillsborough to Smithfield.
19th century
By 1800, the crossroads had spawned a village, including a general store built by Richard Jones, a Baptist church, and a Masonic lodge. These were soon followed by a sawmill and cotton gin. Archibald Leslie, a Scottish tailor, arrived in the community around 1817, opened a tailoring business and a store and soon began construction of a house near the springs. This 38-room mansion, now known as the Leslie-Alford-Mims House, is located off Avent Ferry Road near Town Hall. Holly Springs Baptist Church, established in 1822, was the town's first successful church. The Masonic Lodge #115 was formed in 1847, and in 1854 a two-story lodge building was erected. This building also served as one of the town's first schools. Holly Springs Academy opened its doors in 1854 to prepare young men for admission to Wake Forest College. Two years later, the first floor of the lodge was used as a school for local girls. The lodge was honored with a historical-site plaque in the fall of 2006.
During the Civil War, North Carolina seceded from the Union. Captain Oscar R. Rand recruited willing men of all ages to join Governor Zebulon Baird Vance's 26th Infantry Regiment in the Confederate States Army. On a single day at the Battle of Gettysburg, during the assault known as Pickett's Charge, 13 of the 14 commanding officers died. Only 81 soldiers out of a unit of 880 would survive. With the men of the town gone, both schools in Holly Springs closed, and Holly Springs became a virtual ghost town. When the Union Army receded northward, Holly Springs lay in its path. Bands of marauding robbers known as "bummers" raided the area farms and homesteads, taking food, supplies, silver, clothes and anything of value.
Also during the war, for a two-week period, a segment of the Union Army encamped near Holly Springs and set up headquarters in the Leslie-Alford-Mims House. It is reported that Mrs. Leslie hated the Yankees bitterly but loved her home more, so she treated them with cool civility. This may have protected the house from destruction, the fate of many other grand southern houses. Mrs. Leslie is said to have βcharmed the soldiers so that they didn't burn the house down, but they did get the chickens.β
The little community of Holly Springs had appeared to be on its way to becoming a bustling town, but the Civil War ultimately left the community economically devastated. Some families moved away. The exodus was encouraged by construction of the Chatham Railroad through the village of Apex, giving that neighboring town a link to the outside world which Holly Springs did not have. Historian M. N. Amis described Holly Springs in 1871 as "a deserted village."
The Town of Holly Springs was established in 1877.
In 1875, George Benton Alford moved his successful mercantile business from Middle Creek Township to Holly Springs and was instrumental in beginning an economic revival in the community. A year later he bought the Leslie house, which was the centerpiece of the village. Over the years he made significant additions and improvements to the house until it became one of the largest mansions in Wake County, one of the few with its own ballroom.
Alford, a businessman and politician, started several businesses including a mercantile store, a sawmill, a cotton gin and the Holly Springs Land and Improvement Company, and eventually, the General Assembly granted the town a charter. He started a newspaper, The Cape Fear Enterprise, which he used to promote the town. He also got other prominent men in the community to join him in seeking a charter of incorporation for the Cape Fear and Northern Railroad, which became the Durham and Southern Railway. During the post-war period, several attempts were made to revive the Holly Springs Academy, but none was successful. For a time, children were taught in private homes, and eventually the first co-educational school, serving 125 students, was opened by the Masons.
20th century
In 1906, the town addressed the need for a larger and better-equipped facility to educate the children. Under the leadership of Raymond A. Burt, J. Carter, and the Women's School Betterment Association, 10 acres (40,000 m2) near the springs were purchased (this was, in time, the site of the library and cultural arts center). The first bell rang for classes in 1908.
By this point, Alford was a wealthy man, and he had dreams of turning Holly Springs into an industrial town of 10,000 people. The town's population had not increased a great deal, holding at around 300, but the business community and the schools were drawing outsiders. The flourishing village was once again struck down by war with the start of World War I. The young men went off to fight, and many others went away to work in war-related industry. In 1923 Alford died, leaving the town without an effective voice in political circles. Then came the Great Depression. The Bank of Holly Springs, established before the turn of the 20th century, failed in 1924. Holly Springs experienced difficulty during this time, although WPA funds were used to build a school auditorium. The town missed out on the new federal road-building projects being carried out to provide employment.
World War II did what World War I had done, drawing more young people away from Holly Springs to war and/or to cities for jobs. At the close of the war Holly Springs was faced with a stagnant population. During the early 1950s, while most Piedmont cities and towns were booming, Holly Springs remained at a stand still.
During the early 1960s, with a population stabilized at around 580, the town installed fluorescent street lights about the same time that Highway 55 (Main Street) was widened. A general clean-up effort netted the town an award from a state appearance committee. Racially the town became less balanced with a stronger minority population existing to the late 1980s. During this period several black businesses were flourishing: a dry cleaning business, barbershop, three neighborhood stores, and the local gathering place of the "Packhouse" built by one of the town's prominent black citizens by the name of George Grigsby, for whom Grigsby Avenue (previously called Old Fuquay Road) was named. The town board consisted of many of its prominent black citizens, among them Burnis Lassiter, Cora Lassiter, James Norris (Holly Springs' first black mayor), John McNeil, Edison Perkins, George Kimble, and "Preacher" Beckwith. Later, in the 1980s other prominent black citizens joined the town council, among them Nancy Womble, Reverend Otis Byrd, and Parrish "Ham" Womble, who served on the council for 28 years and was also interim mayor for a year.
During this period the town hired Dessie Mae Womble, the first black female chief of police in the state of North Carolina. As segregation gave way to integration, the Holly Springs School for Blacks was closed, and many of its students were sent to surrounding communities to further their educations. This was the beginning of an era of busing for the community, which continued until the late 1990s when Holly Springs Elementary School on Holly Springs Road was opened.
It was not until the town built its first sewage plant in 1987 that any real growth occurred. It was 1992 before Holly Springs, in line for the spillover from increased populations in Cary and Apex, suddenly boomed. Population increased from 900 in 1992 to an estimated 6,000 in 1998 to nearly 25,000 in 2010.
21st century
Holly Springs Community Library, part of the Wake County Public Library system, and a cultural arts facility opened in early December 2006.
On July 18, 2006, it was announced that the pharmaceutical company Novartis would be building a manufacturing facility in Holly Springs and employing approximately 350 to produce flu vaccines using new technologies. The manufacturing facility was built on in Holly Springs Business Park off N.C. 55 Bypass. Construction was completed in late 2008. Novartis's investment is at least US$267 million and eventually could reach US$600 million.
Bristol-Myers Squibb expressed interest in county-owned land along N.C. 55 Bypass at the future interchange of Interstate 540. The County originally expressed a desire to allow the proposed landfill site to be used for economic development to be sold to the company. However, county leaders refused to relocate a solid waste transfer station which would be at the entrance. When the company decided not to locate on the site, the Wake County Board of Commissioners voted five to two to proceed with plans to build a landfill there.
For years, town leaders have become increasingly confident that Holly Springs is positioned to experience high growth, propelled by the economic engine of Research Triangle Park (RTP). At a distance of , Holly Springs is close to RTP.
In 2007, it was ranked the 22nd best small town to live in, according to a CNNMoney.com evaluation.
On April 16, 2011, a large tornado touched down close to the Holly Springs town center, uprooting trees and destroying homes and buildings.
National Register of Historic Places
The Harrington-Dewar House, Holly Springs Masonic Lodge, and Leslie-Alford-Mims House are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Education
Public charter schools
Pine Springs Preparatory Academy
Public schools (Wake County Public School System)
Holly Grove Elementary School
Holly Ridge Elementary School
Holly Springs Elementary School
Oakview Elementary School
Holly Ridge Middle School
Holly Grove Middle School
Holly Springs High School
Private schools
The New School Montessori Center
Primrose School at Holly Grove
Recreation
Public recreation facilities include:
Bass Lake Park
Capital Area Greenway
Jones Park
North Main Athletic Complex
Parrish Womble Park
Sugg Farm Park
W.E. Hunt Recreation Center
Holly Springs is also home to the Holly Springs Salamanders, a collegiate summer baseball team which began play in 2015 in the Coastal Plain League.
Notable people
Andrew Capobianco, American Olympic diver
Daniel Dhers, professional BMX rider
Brad Fritsch, professional golfer
C. J. Leslie, professional basketball player
Kiara Leslie, WNBA player
Hoke Norris, journalist and author
Carlos RodΓ³n, MLB pitcher
Linda Hunt Williams, member of the North Carolina House of Representatives
Susana Ε½igante, women's soccer player; member of the Croatia women's national team
References
Additional sources
Town of Holly Springs Chamber of Commerce: Town History
Town of Holly Springs: Town History
External links
Town of Holly Springs official website
Holly Springs Chamber of Commerce
Holly Springs Youth Football & Cheerleading Booster Club
Towns in Wake County, North Carolina
Towns in North Carolina
Populated places established in 1800
1800 establishments in North Carolina | [
-0.42345693707466125,
0.35405996441841125,
0.269867479801178,
-0.47736838459968567,
0.9292486906051636,
0.32485002279281616,
0.9455841779708862,
0.5088303685188293,
-0.6686971187591553,
0.2959371507167816,
-0.44535085558891296,
0.31792500615119934,
-0.6571108102798462,
0.9474786520004272,
-1.1516873836517334,
0.44307735562324524,
0.3011673092842102,
0.692674458026886,
0.5922354459762573,
-0.8532437682151794,
0.1742987036705017,
-0.4640771150588989,
0.32854336500167847,
0.5842482447624207,
0.17902691662311554,
0.26786234974861145,
0.10501252859830856,
-0.0636451244354248,
0.46550506353378296,
0.07836589962244034,
-0.30667102336883545,
0.5554103255271912,
-0.6322916746139526,
0.03971819579601288,
0.5045322775840759,
-0.023312659934163094,
-0.10048894584178925,
0.42819392681121826,
0.504631757736206,
-0.13315342366695404,
-0.2969212830066681,
-0.1683255434036255,
0.22549140453338623,
0.08915252238512039,
0.4701375663280487,
-0.6038435697555542,
-1.4527788162231445,
0.20779506862163544,
-0.7726196646690369,
-1.0251481533050537,
-0.45496776700019836,
0.5136701464653015,
0.05489284172654152,
0.25568273663520813,
0.5658161044120789,
0.23491011559963226,
-0.46901950240135193,
0.1596609205007553,
1.1882236003875732,
0.5232366919517517,
-0.4527515470981598,
0.3934740424156189,
0.10326284915208817,
-0.03079482540488243,
-0.1228741705417633,
0.13576143980026245,
-0.05952168628573418,
0.5327932238578796,
0.0959954708814621,
0.13874003291130066,
0.2596697509288788,
0.019766077399253845,
-0.09545484185218811,
-0.46586087346076965,
-0.10526704788208008,
0.7428760528564453,
-0.3693903088569641,
-0.00435990747064352,
0.27392828464508057,
0.04954002425074577,
0.39277738332748413,
-0.1560150384902954,
0.7260541319847107,
0.3566473722457886,
0.20061646401882172,
0.8412089943885803,
-0.7670989036560059,
0.5097501873970032,
0.05934904143214226,
0.5504714846611023,
-0.8942382335662842,
0.4465682804584503,
-0.3426152765750885,
0.035267166793346405,
-0.3234437108039856,
0.038005370646715164,
-0.35982394218444824,
0.28255578875541687,
-0.1859816610813141,
0.7788069248199463,
-0.24530847370624542,
-0.1002676784992218,
1.018250823020935,
-0.03825872763991356,
-0.09558194875717163,
-0.1848626285791397,
-1.0704492330551147,
-0.29953140020370483,
0.13578319549560547,
-0.28476735949516296,
-0.9390345811843872,
0.3090129792690277,
0.19625812768936157,
-0.4880271255970001,
-0.5397884249687195,
0.7361322641372681,
0.3153822124004364,
-0.5902328491210938,
-0.3195696473121643,
0.1787550002336502,
0.08734118193387985,
0.24012206494808197,
-0.5052770972251892,
0.2380797415971756,
-0.13303393125534058,
0.3654038906097412,
0.0561562143266201,
0.18220867216587067,
-0.09075970202684402,
0.6080601811408997,
-0.3957499563694,
0.5169866681098938,
-0.12755683064460754,
0.47548341751098633,
0.030529584735631943,
-0.0946146622300148,
0.11511363834142685,
0.1016918420791626,
0.7444117665290833,
0.2775365710258484,
-0.7766236662864685,
-0.1373278647661209,
-0.8012922406196594,
-0.3737345337867737,
-0.25983530282974243,
-0.3172377347946167,
-0.5843151211738586,
-0.26673758029937744,
0.22806623578071594,
0.01878517121076584,
0.2532172203063965,
0.17707769572734833,
0.04835190996527672,
0.2307104617357254,
-0.3739475905895233,
0.16002266108989716,
0.5542579293251038,
0.1818007230758667,
0.07221218943595886,
0.20840618014335632,
-0.3210333585739136,
0.9554240107536316,
0.8806235194206238,
0.252006471157074,
0.5162524580955505,
0.23652105033397675,
0.8573530316352844,
-0.8325083255767822,
0.26273372769355774,
1.059050440788269,
-0.46234679222106934,
0.692583441734314,
0.2692805826663971,
-0.5280364155769348,
0.5273000001907349,
-0.5965103507041931,
0.8001601696014404,
0.2070232629776001,
0.013690585270524025,
0.03381603956222534,
-0.7914643287658691,
0.5432102084159851,
0.41531500220298767,
-0.15120771527290344,
-0.33968231081962585,
0.23722884058952332,
0.37740498781204224,
-0.27078545093536377,
-0.4289899170398712,
-0.6267241835594177,
0.07839734852313995,
-0.6396399736404419,
0.3843874931335449,
0.11588454246520996,
0.6429018378257751,
0.03477635979652405,
-0.32037121057510376,
0.42740824818611145,
-0.3414231836795807,
0.5083288550376892,
0.6322442293167114,
-0.03243820741772652,
0.45332908630371094,
-0.429104745388031,
-0.4099825322628021,
0.5287162661552429,
0.26878687739372253,
-0.3063576817512512,
0.15432417392730713,
0.07523471862077713,
-0.3911106288433075,
-0.8982276916503906,
-0.09392894804477692,
0.47378110885620117,
-0.19706666469573975,
-0.5625776052474976,
-0.23401115834712982,
-0.144009530544281,
0.5353269577026367,
-0.6149824857711792,
0.5098313093185425,
-0.10811162739992142,
0.05912182852625847,
-0.23803119361400604,
-0.3164007365703583,
0.8790673017501831,
-0.10031810402870178,
0.027318909764289856,
0.020832685753703117,
0.20220574736595154,
0.16596753895282745,
0.1395997852087021,
-0.32812657952308655,
-0.5615971088409424,
-0.06250613182783127,
-0.02008226327598095,
-0.23960475623607635,
-0.5343664288520813,
-0.02689100056886673,
-0.31677791476249695,
-0.08159653842449188,
0.6469621062278748,
-1.4607402086257935,
0.340877503156662,
0.16873608529567719,
-0.3485296368598938,
-0.34228453040122986,
0.034121833741664886,
0.21858321130275726,
-0.5312098264694214,
-0.05694885551929474,
0.0702085867524147,
0.37402716279029846,
0.5070433020591736,
0.09377716481685638,
0.08296314626932144,
-0.19944311678409576,
0.6707485914230347,
0.26060453057289124,
0.12782466411590576,
-0.3096446096897125,
0.47374945878982544,
-0.3378654420375824,
0.0013641318073496222,
0.203963503241539,
-0.34411680698394775,
-0.19052763283252716,
-0.298386812210083,
0.007604090962558985,
0.2883414328098297,
0.46715304255485535,
-0.6489897966384888,
0.24954666197299957,
0.2768779993057251,
0.31201276183128357,
-0.027082979679107666,
0.05722440034151077,
-0.0707172080874443,
-1.048256278038025,
0.10538463294506073,
0.0820460170507431,
1.0081719160079956,
-0.19810885190963745,
-0.34563377499580383,
0.42026299238204956,
-0.6673477292060852,
0.8581975698471069,
-0.033212848007678986,
-0.3263763189315796,
-0.5214512348175049,
-0.43641453981399536,
-0.11678215861320496,
-0.11002577841281891,
0.974128007888794,
-0.2889002561569214,
0.44785821437835693,
0.02658011019229889,
0.09491562098264694,
0.18209850788116455,
-0.09171133488416672,
-0.6045196056365967,
0.3745388090610504,
-0.6670901775360107,
0.06256327033042908,
0.20362554490566254,
-0.3596373200416565,
0.019900554791092873,
-0.0315733328461647,
-4.535583019256592,
0.653139591217041,
-0.30053746700286865,
-0.14326511323451996,
0.31444621086120605,
-0.4794901907444,
0.6780201196670532,
-0.31690090894699097,
0.012342101894319057,
0.683908224105835,
-0.04454983025789261,
-0.2171061486005783,
-0.29878100752830505,
0.7525638937950134,
0.5242860913276672,
0.37828391790390015,
0.552823543548584,
-0.6252060532569885,
0.7186166048049927,
0.3025539815425873,
-0.1801580935716629,
-0.06769488751888275,
-0.49313029646873474,
-0.14010094106197357,
0.2518448829650879,
0.6782400608062744,
-0.18736231327056885,
-0.2663053274154663,
-0.35230377316474915,
0.33753108978271484,
0.1996871381998062,
-0.3083355724811554,
-0.816433846950531,
-0.2896824777126312,
0.36285945773124695,
-0.2737693786621094,
-0.18963727355003357,
-0.5509142875671387,
0.0006961688632145524,
-0.5276803374290466,
0.16479448974132538,
0.1531551033258438,
-0.8463795185089111,
-0.14784280955791473,
0.8981171250343323,
-0.45302024483680725,
-0.21969649195671082,
-0.03807070106267929,
0.23150219023227692,
1.0860310792922974,
-0.032647110521793365,
-0.24489133059978485,
1.1969777345657349,
-0.07146281749010086,
0.60374915599823,
-0.12480449676513672,
0.5342724323272705,
-0.1160048171877861,
0.07217871397733688,
1.0033355951309204,
-0.019888902083039284,
-0.8909529447555542,
-0.011713278479874134,
0.2793966233730316,
0.10826125741004944,
-0.48049136996269226,
0.00091005046851933,
0.41218024492263794,
0.3025250732898712,
-0.08358962833881378,
0.36015522480010986,
0.21617738902568817,
-0.45546087622642517,
-0.7853673696517944,
0.3381248712539673,
-0.5931013226509094,
-0.5568780303001404,
-0.3833129107952118,
-0.836808443069458,
0.05039025843143463,
0.38693806529045105,
0.29357030987739563,
0.5877519845962524,
0.8242416977882385,
0.4127808213233948,
-0.4767274558544159,
-0.07947093993425369,
0.14274968206882477,
-0.6321032047271729,
-0.9004719853401184,
0.33304938673973083,
-0.1856217384338379,
0.6988239288330078,
-0.42747989296913147,
0.009653981775045395,
0.33612769842147827,
0.13467802107334137,
0.5018492937088013,
-0.47195011377334595,
-0.687311589717865,
0.36513030529022217,
-0.6136118173599243,
0.420304536819458,
-0.35104894638061523,
-0.3901503086090088,
-0.3973660469055176,
0.5576995015144348,
0.2882063388824463,
0.3715853989124298,
-0.17050881683826447,
-0.6035245060920715,
0.13797609508037567,
-0.2598922848701477,
-0.3586529493331909,
0.5683346390724182,
-0.4594514071941376,
0.4126570522785187,
0.8226436376571655,
-0.036996934562921524,
0.26824453473091125,
0.2654676139354706,
0.2501503825187683,
0.23455634713172913,
-0.6084743142127991,
-0.35983890295028687,
-0.3352145850658417,
0.8184908628463745,
-0.26823171973228455,
-0.8102110624313354,
0.42066675424575806,
-0.41394245624542236,
0.07197525352239609,
-0.6378195285797119,
0.11092135310173035,
-0.3939710557460785,
-0.39093950390815735,
-0.3495013117790222,
-1.3728926181793213,
-0.007905860431492329,
0.47108131647109985,
0.46460381150245667,
0.19988875091075897,
-0.8643151521682739,
0.5487461686134338,
-0.1530284434556961,
0.08538796007633209,
0.4553479552268982,
0.2504962980747223,
-0.8783018589019775,
0.5676580667495728,
-0.4784286916255951,
-0.3929827809333801,
-0.8027180433273315,
-1.008354902267456,
-0.052612580358982086,
0.320678174495697,
0.6143690347671509,
0.3279423117637634,
0.651449978351593,
-0.6382186412811279,
-0.023234214633703232,
0.2995443642139435,
-1.0548099279403687,
0.6642093658447266,
-0.281315416097641,
-0.1280556321144104,
-0.8657696843147278,
-0.006282597314566374,
-0.3816690146923065,
0.08735724538564682,
0.5130640864372253,
-0.4799045920372009,
-0.2005278617143631,
-0.38170933723449707,
0.47606176137924194,
-0.14058618247509003,
0.07070904225111008,
0.4750252962112427,
-0.12897086143493652,
-0.16062451899051666,
-0.1195019781589508,
-0.16419029235839844,
-0.9635641574859619,
-0.3713572919368744,
0.3753591477870941,
-0.3207048773765564,
-0.12060271203517914,
-0.5568791627883911,
0.08895860612392426,
0.005838015582412481,
0.059355467557907104,
-0.47931671142578125,
0.3428693115711212,
0.2781108319759369,
0.03185486048460007,
-0.47498998045921326,
0.4508991837501526,
-0.4670434594154358,
-0.3009248673915863,
-0.477497935295105,
-0.26938220858573914,
0.3846733272075653,
-0.4169900119304657,
1.076609492301941,
0.05954165756702423,
-0.8866512179374695,
0.31648701429367065,
0.5851424932479858,
-0.7343752980232239,
1.4379876852035522,
-0.034570951014757156,
-0.5472167730331421,
0.9199343323707581,
0.5205129981040955,
-0.49686047434806824,
0.08306103944778442,
0.3775567412376404,
-0.02529250830411911,
-0.7380439639091492,
0.44162842631340027,
-0.7311694025993347,
0.018214408308267593,
-0.2865294814109802,
-0.4830571115016937,
-0.7971972227096558,
0.48825591802597046,
0.5022946000099182,
-0.23663212358951569,
1.238279104232788,
-0.4432354271411896,
-0.303277850151062,
-0.13314665853977203,
0.42300277948379517,
0.15926259756088257,
-0.2690272331237793,
0.16404861211776733,
-0.3230178654193878,
-0.44359904527664185,
0.24105599522590637,
-0.14278653264045715,
0.2885272800922394,
0.4583219289779663,
0.0724826455116272,
-1.0428828001022339,
-0.5457687377929688,
-0.06555557996034622,
1.3001034259796143,
0.2668897211551666,
-0.7531296610832214,
0.8073400259017944,
0.836570680141449,
-0.2757156491279602,
-0.8119001388549805,
0.07949960231781006,
0.8466045260429382,
-0.008414418436586857,
0.23540674149990082,
0.20820367336273193,
0.13457491993904114,
-0.2343599498271942,
0.40082913637161255,
-0.2374453842639923,
0.029633887112140656,
-0.2561016380786896,
0.37347009778022766,
-0.5617781281471252,
0.03852135315537453,
-0.2143106609582901,
0.47926273941993713,
-0.2804841697216034,
-0.2425260990858078,
0.1282811015844345,
-0.020577067509293556,
1.0505316257476807,
-0.7754253149032593,
0.3963868319988251,
-0.06415805220603943,
-1.5710986852645874,
-0.078200563788414,
0.5349798202514648,
-0.8652900457382202,
-0.7061103582382202,
-0.7132723927497864,
-0.21195067465305328,
0.04192512482404709,
-0.913198709487915,
0.06442535668611526,
0.1715344786643982,
-0.42623254656791687,
0.0463053360581398,
-0.5644631385803223,
0.26426634192466736,
0.20220743119716644,
-0.7354481816291809,
-0.33125776052474976,
0.41912853717803955,
0.18706072866916656,
0.6803082823753357,
0.0076795001514256,
0.3770769536495209,
-1.4201794862747192,
1.0357850790023804,
-0.34526327252388,
-0.35456299781799316,
0.7498299479484558,
-0.18945282697677612,
-0.7743589282035828,
-0.4524470269680023,
0.7527344822883606,
0.0439794659614563,
-0.4035153388977051,
-0.11987067013978958,
0.2608571946620941,
1.1301904916763306,
-0.1985725611448288,
0.2662179470062256,
0.7337695360183716,
-0.4012627899646759,
-0.293720006942749,
0.6130276322364807,
-0.00851096585392952,
0.5981826186180115,
0.7263701558113098,
0.5417870879173279,
0.35118111968040466,
1.5426357984542847,
-0.36165156960487366,
0.4909214377403259,
-0.29979395866394043,
-0.0979485958814621,
0.09034732729196548,
-1.0325621366500854,
-0.5872724056243896,
0.23143331706523895,
-0.3633125424385071,
-0.15647423267364502,
-0.5311146378517151,
-0.6555988788604736,
-0.9094825387001038,
0.4051644504070282,
-0.15909862518310547,
0.19849981367588043,
0.5453760027885437,
-0.3562234938144684,
-0.07398782670497894,
-0.3469533324241638,
-0.10196482390165329,
0.2521972954273224,
0.3027786314487457,
-1.1347830295562744,
0.05052810162305832,
-0.25409039855003357,
-0.06799135357141495,
-1.006672978401184,
-0.337791383266449,
-0.1208408772945404,
0.8003121018409729,
-0.6166813373565674,
-1.1671265363693237,
-0.07842285931110382,
0.11505939066410065,
-0.3858308494091034,
1.233873724937439,
0.3941004276275635,
-0.0707794576883316,
0.16279779374599457,
0.4242035746574402,
0.12688913941383362,
-0.4536154270172119,
0.8845173120498657,
0.3221155107021332,
0.31248730421066284,
0.3456278145313263,
0.7939008474349976,
0.3535459339618683,
0.41839468479156494,
0.051884498447179794,
0.6692372560501099,
-0.3556269109249115,
0.17904958128929138,
0.0008234867709688842,
-0.061168596148490906,
-0.5714540481567383,
-0.7083091139793396,
0.33982494473457336,
-0.37591758370399475,
-0.2071828544139862,
-0.16153666377067566,
0.013611403293907642,
-0.38720545172691345,
-0.011066404171288013,
-0.14438866078853607,
-0.3405967652797699,
-0.11553186178207397,
0.05685080587863922,
0.15491382777690887,
0.24507389962673187,
1.1031873226165771,
0.47043687105178833,
0.2714889645576477,
0.499947726726532,
0.3123907744884491,
-0.31315451860427856,
-0.008486701175570488,
-0.28585153818130493,
0.20808391273021698,
-0.8022045493125916,
0.3973962366580963,
-0.8966421484947205,
0.5634337067604065,
0.054566483944654465,
0.9562721848487854,
-0.014056830666959286,
0.6357552409172058,
-0.28769180178642273,
0.03400217741727829,
0.7013410925865173,
-0.40401315689086914,
-0.718591034412384,
-0.2450173944234848,
-0.11359301209449768,
-0.09072358161211014,
0.1604565531015396,
0.7515586018562317,
0.218984454870224,
-0.41508305072784424,
0.028468631207942963,
-0.12188445031642914,
-0.9812505841255188,
-0.14865149557590485,
0.21459922194480896,
-1.3222413063049316,
0.052756380289793015,
0.20385612547397614,
-0.3322310447692871,
-0.5367763638496399,
-0.11882594972848892,
1.4342445135116577,
0.37921595573425293,
-0.45647162199020386,
-0.025723421946167946,
-0.4992823898792267,
-0.10486108064651489,
0.0705820769071579,
-0.07121551036834717,
-0.20783908665180206,
-0.8701825737953186,
-1.1777290105819702,
-0.2618464231491089,
0.14087265729904175,
-0.5969276428222656,
-0.9318881034851074,
0.3394949734210968,
-0.3959403932094574,
0.245147705078125,
-0.21189746260643005,
-0.42126142978668213,
-0.5185815691947937,
0.2588830888271332,
-0.051065877079963684
]
|
128329 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knightdale%2C%20North%20Carolina | Knightdale, North Carolina | Knightdale is a town in Wake County, North Carolina, United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 11,401. The U.S. Census Bureau estimates the town's population to be 17,843 as of July 1, 2019. Knightdale's population grew 10.4% from 2010-2013, making it the second fastest-growing community in the Research Triangle region for that time period.
Named for Henry Haywood Knight, a local Wake County landowner who donated land to found a railroad depot, the town was incorporated in 1927. By the 1960s, the economic center of town migrated from the area around the rail depot to U.S. Highway 64, which ran north of downtown Knightdale. Since 1990, the community has experienced a significant population boom, getting its own high school in 2004, and a new freeway bypass in 2006. Since 2010, several new shopping centers have sprung up along Business U.S. 64 (Knightdale Boulevard), the main thoroughfare through town. A large destination park, Knightdale Station Park, opened in 2013 just to the east of the old downtown area as part of a revitalization effort, the park was expanded in 2018 to add an amphitheater. Interstate 540 passes directly through the town before its eastern terminus at Interstate 87, while Interstate 87 (in concurrency with US 64) travels along a southern freeway bypass.
History
Early history
In 1700, the Lords Proprietor of the Carolina Colony hired John Lawson to explore the area. He began his trek near present-day Charleston, South Carolina, and according to his diary, passed through the area sometime in February 1701. He wrote about a meeting with the Tuscarora Native American tribe on the banks of the Neuse River, and with the help of an interpreter, Lawson made peace with the Tuscarora.
After receiving the report from Lawson, the King of England began to apportion these lands to willing settlers. In 1730, John Hinton settled in what would one day be called Knightdale in an area near the Neuse River, not far from where Hodge Road and Old Faison Road now intersect.
As more settlers arrived, the colonial government appointed Hinton to be the Justice of the Peace for Craven County. Eventually, Johnston County was carved out of Craven County in the 1750s and Wake County carved out of Johnston County in 1771.
When the American Revolution began, Hinton switched his allegiance to the colonials. He became a military leader and played a key role in the first battle of the American Revolution fought on North Carolina soil, the Battle of Moore's Creek Bridge. Hinton owned seven plantations in the Knightdale area, of which three are still intact: The Oaks, Midway, and Beaver Dam.
19th century
After independence, the population of the area began to increase, with farmers growing products such as tobacco and cotton. Although slavery was not prominent in Knightdale like locations in the Deep South, it was still visible in the area. There are unmarked grave plots for slaves throughout Knightdale. Although documentation of grave sites has been lost, the burials remain a significant part of the local landscape.
During the Civil War, the Confederate and Union armies were present in the area. The Clay Hill and Midway plantations saw the greatest damage, and after the war had ended, the residents began to rebuild. During this time, nearby Raleigh experienced a population boom. As a result, local leaders redrew the map of Wake County and divided it into townships. The area that became Knightdale was located in St. Matthew's Township, where it still is today.
For many years the Knightdale area was a crossroads served only by a post office. By the end of the 19th century, locals decided there was a need to establish a town. Henry Haywood Knight donated some of his land holdings in the area to the Norfolk and Southern Railroad Company in order to entice the company to build a railroad that would provide freight and passenger service. Although Knight did not live to see the railroad arrive in Knightdale, not long after his death in 1904, the railroad finally came to the community that would bear his name.
20th century
After the railroad and depot were built, the area began to develop quickly. Norfolk and Southern moved families into the community to take care of the railroad, and many of the older homes that exist today in Knightdale were built specifically for the use of railroad workers and their families. The first railroad stationmaster's house can still be seen along the tracks on Railroad Street.
As the community continued to grow, Knightdale received its articles of official incorporation from the North Carolina Legislature on March 9, 1927, with the first mayor being Bennett L. Wall.
On February 7, 1940, a fire broke out in the center of town. The townspeople turned out to help extinguish the fire, but the fire was not brought under control until firefighters arrived from Raleigh with an adequate water supply. Several businesses and homes were destroyed and the townspeople rebuilt the historic downtown area.
After World War II, the population of Knightdale grew at a steady pace, thanks to the Baby Boom. The corner drugstore, the bank, and the barber shop located on First Avenue served as places of business, as well as places for social gatherings. Movies were often shown on the wall of the old bank building, which is located at the intersection of First Avenue and Main Street. In 1952 a municipal water system was installed.
Beginning in the 1960s the majority of new businesses in Knightdale began locating along US 64. With the addition of the Mingo Creek sewer outfall in the late 1980s, development on the south side of US 64 began. Subdivisions such as Parkside, Planter's Walk and Mingo Creek subdivisions were built, rapidly increasing the town's population. Between 1990 and 2000 Knightdale's population increased from 1,700 to more than 6,000 residents, making it the seventh fastest-growing town in North Carolina.
Frankie Muniz, a popular television and film actor, grew up in Knightdale. He started his acting career performing the role of Tiny Tim in "A Christmas Carol" for three years. Nominations for his performances include the Hollywood Reporter Young Star Award and the Young Artist of Hollywood Award. He currently resides in Scottsdale, Arizona.
Beaver Dam, Henry H. and Bettie S. Knight Farm, and Midway Plantation House and Outbuildings are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Law and government
Knightdale has a Council-manager government. Under this system the citizens elect a mayor and five council members as the town's governing body. The council then appoints the Town Manager who serves at the discretion of the council. Council members are elected to four-year terms. Three of the members are elected in one year, and the two remaining members and the mayor are elected two years later. The mayor, as the principal elected official of the town, provides leadership to the governing body and the community, and presides over board meetings.
The current mayor is Jessica Day, and current town council members include Mark Swan (Mayor Pro Tem), Randy Young, Ben McDonald, Latatious Morris and Stephen Morgan.
Geography
Knightdale is located at (35.790549, -78.491982).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , all land.
Knightdale is located in the northeast central region of North Carolina, where the North American Piedmont and Atlantic Coastal Plain regions meet. This area is known as the "Fall Line" because it marks the elevation inland at which waterfalls begin to appear in creeks and rivers. Its central Piedmont location and access to large highways places Knightdale a little over two hours northwest of Wrightsville Beach, NC by car and four hours east of the Great Smoky Mountains.
Climate
Knightdale has a moderate subtropical climate, with moderate temperatures in the spring, fall, and winter. Summers are typically hot with high humidity. Winter highs generally range in the low 50sΒ°F (10 to 13Β Β°C) with lows in the low-to-mid 30sΒ°F (-2 to 2Β Β°C), although an occasional 60Β Β°F (15Β Β°C) or warmer winter day is not uncommon. Spring and fall days usually reach the low-to-mid 70sΒ°F (low 20sΒ°C), with lows at night in the lower 50sΒ°F (10 to 14Β Β°C). Summer daytime highs often reach the upper 80s to low 90sΒ°F (29 to 35Β Β°C). The rainiest months are July and August.
Demographics
2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 19,435 people, 6,110 households, and 4,114 families residing in the town.
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 11,406 people and 3,754 households in the town. The median value of owner-occupied homes in Knightdale was $174,300. The Homeownership Rate was 71.7%.
Median income for a household was $75,285 in 2011; by comparison, Median Income in North Carolina for the same time period was $46,291. Per capita income for the town was $27,938. For the period 2007-2011, about 5.9% of the population lived below the poverty line; by comparison, 16.1% of North Carolina residents lived below the poverty line.
Among adults age 25 and older, 41.2% had at a bachelor's degree or higher; 93% had earned at least a high school degree.
The population density was 1,837 people per square mile. There were 2,352 housing units at an average density of 877.4 per square mile (338.8/km). The racial makeup of the town was 50% White, 38.3% African American, 11.4% Hispanic or Latino, 1.7% Asian, 0.6% Native American, 0.01% Pacific Islander, and 3.5% from two or more races.
There were 3,754 households, out of which the Census counted 2,760 as family households; 45.9% of households had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.0% were married couples living together, 7.3% had a female householder with no husband present. The average household size was 2.89 and the average family size was 3.47.
Knightdale's median age was 31.6 years. Largest brackets by age include 35β44 years (20.6%); 25β34 years (18.2%); 45β54 years (12.2%); 10β14 years (11.7%). Females made up 54.6% of the population, while men made up 45.4%.
Education
Public education
Knightdale's public schools are administered by the Wake County Public School System, the 19th largest school district in the country. Students in Knightdale attend the following schools, some of which are located in neighboring communities:
Elementary schools
Beaverdam Elementary
Forestville Elementary
Hodge Road Elementary
Knightdale Elementary
Lake Myra Elementary
Lockhart Elementary
Middle schools
Carnage Middle School
East Wake Middle School
Wendell Middle School
High schools
Knightdale High School
East Wake High School
Higher education
Knightdale has no post-secondary schools. Nearby institutions, all located in nearby Raleigh, include North Carolina State University, Meredith College, Shaw University, Saint Augustine's College and Wake Technical Community College. The Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary is in Wake Forest, and the Southeastern Free Will Baptist College is located in nearby Wendell.
Library
The Wake County Public Library System operates a branch facility, the East Regional Library, in Knightdale.
Parks and recreation
Knightdale is served by two parks and two community centers. The Eugene F. Harper Memorial Park is located downtown next to the Harper Park Community Center. The Knightdale Recreation Center is attached to Forestville Elementary's gym. The Knightdale Environmental Park is a trail system that is located in the southern portion of Knightdale.
Knightdale Station Park
Knightdale Station Park, adjacent to a large housing development also named Knightdale Station, occupies a large tract of land on the east side of town, across First Avenue from many of the older businesses in the original central business district of Knightdale. The park was opened in three phases, in 2013, 2014, and 2018 and currently features walking trails, a dog park, a large playground, a splash pad, several soccer fields, a covered exhibition area that hosts a weekly farmer's market and several craft fairs, an amphitheater for performances, and several large open fields and forested areas.
Mingo Creek Greenway
The Mingo Creek Greenway was completed in July, 2014. The 3.5 mile, 10-foot wide trail connects Mingo Creek Park in the east to the 33-mile City of Raleigh's Neuse River Trail in the west. The two trails connect over a newly opened pedestrian bridge that spans the Neuse River.
Transportation
Air
Commercial air service for Knightdale is served by Raleigh-Durham International Airport (RDU), which is located approximately 27.9 miles from town in northwestern Wake County.
A small general aviation known as Raleigh East Airport lies at the eastern edge of Knightdale.
Rail
Knightdale Amtrak's closest passenger train service is approximately 12.8 miles west of town in Raleigh.
Bus
The Triangle Transit Authority operates the Knightdale-Raleigh Express (KRX) which connects Knightdale commuters to municipal bus systems in Raleigh, Durham and Chapel Hill.
Roads
Major routes through and near Knightdale include:
I-87, US 64 and US 264 run concurrently along the Knightdale Bypass south and east of town. Knightdale can be accessed via the Hodge Road (Exit 6), Smithfield Road (Exit 9), Wendell Falls Boulevard (Exit 11), and US 64 Business (Exit 13) interchanges.
Interstate 540 runs along the west side of town. Knightdale can be accessed via the US 64 Business interchange (Exit 24).
US 64 Business, known locally as Knightdale Boulevard, is a former alignment of US 64/US 264 and forms the main commercial district in town. It connects Knightdale to Raleigh and Wendell.
Notable people
Ronnie Ash, track and field Olympic athlete specializing in hurdles
Burkheart Ellis, track and field sprinter, represented Barbados at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Jesse Ferguson, heavyweight professional boxer
Rachelle Friedman, blogger
Mary Hilliard Hinton, painter, historian, anti-suffragist, and white supremacist
Joe Lewis, kickboxer, point karate fighter, and actor
Frankie Muniz, actor, best known for playing the title character in Malcolm in the Middle (lived in Knightdale)
Stan Okoye, professional basketball player
Barbara Pierre, track and field sprinter, represented Haiti at the 2008 Summer Olympics
References
External links
Town of Knightdale official website
Knightdale Chamber of Commerce
Eastern Wake News, local newspaper
The Grey Area newspaper, local newspaper
Towns in Wake County, North Carolina
Towns in North Carolina
Populated places established in 1730
1730 establishments in North Carolina | [
-0.8615739941596985,
0.004215306136757135,
0.2135986089706421,
-0.10078293085098267,
0.4703889787197113,
0.1288127601146698,
0.71352219581604,
0.47192201018333435,
-0.5876998901367188,
0.0021742875687777996,
-0.4459502398967743,
0.14969941973686218,
-0.5504442453384399,
0.5855935215950012,
-0.9588696360588074,
0.8164364099502563,
0.22091802954673767,
0.4703565537929535,
-0.41794049739837646,
-1.3140705823898315,
-0.15595769882202148,
-0.5254936218261719,
0.09247145801782608,
0.7216135859489441,
0.19925163686275482,
0.12536077201366425,
0.4006054401397705,
0.08248195052146912,
0.20561884343624115,
0.3817404806613922,
-0.46158134937286377,
0.14388607442378998,
-0.1589781641960144,
-0.033231042325496674,
0.4591292440891266,
-0.4377661943435669,
0.21823786199092865,
-0.05708863213658333,
0.10884981602430344,
-0.15657180547714233,
-0.6361684203147888,
0.3086327910423279,
0.0389336533844471,
0.39390912652015686,
0.4289168119430542,
-0.07767825573682785,
-1.269677996635437,
0.38270193338394165,
-0.9717214107513428,
-0.9213879704475403,
-0.7163038849830627,
0.322635680437088,
-0.42919498682022095,
0.6152663826942444,
0.5827059149742126,
0.13497143983840942,
-0.46586063504219055,
0.05389465391635895,
0.9070923924446106,
0.24961601197719574,
-0.12107889354228973,
0.46030890941619873,
-0.0762738361954689,
0.09246417135000229,
-0.12992696464061737,
0.16668662428855896,
-0.1838323473930359,
0.6071684956550598,
-0.15703238546848297,
-0.4468493163585663,
0.03506803885102272,
0.006238515023142099,
0.09654071182012558,
0.37767088413238525,
0.06214036047458649,
0.530890703201294,
0.10603665560483932,
-0.08233720064163208,
0.4210022985935211,
-0.24689707159996033,
0.1968766301870346,
-0.22448129951953888,
0.3550924062728882,
-0.023369992151856422,
0.33609092235565186,
0.9323060512542725,
-1.0140997171401978,
0.38247546553611755,
-0.03630384802818298,
0.5830942392349243,
-0.9374063611030579,
-0.10346712172031403,
-0.36570125818252563,
0.5159186124801636,
0.11033833026885986,
-0.06395668536424637,
-0.3237173557281494,
0.2649538815021515,
-0.16798673570156097,
0.718458890914917,
-0.6423735022544861,
0.5413789749145508,
1.2483059167861938,
-0.2773497700691223,
-0.3845303952693939,
-0.15901149809360504,
-0.6174814105033875,
0.18799829483032227,
-0.05132843554019928,
-0.035497020930051804,
-0.9848167896270752,
0.0627395436167717,
0.03709012269973755,
-0.8251814246177673,
-0.45040199160575867,
0.9283849000930786,
-0.05153419077396393,
-0.44231951236724854,
-0.08553282171487808,
0.18420466780662537,
0.00021433673100546002,
0.5913133025169373,
-0.3112579882144928,
0.4226888418197632,
-0.004112765658646822,
0.47873374819755554,
0.4576356112957001,
0.1891271471977234,
0.10562878847122192,
0.6003121137619019,
-0.2526206970214844,
0.4753905236721039,
0.031272321939468384,
0.6608568429946899,
0.11162744462490082,
-0.3286525011062622,
0.10020188987255096,
0.6408637762069702,
0.5621017217636108,
-0.05302685126662254,
-1.004194974899292,
-0.014437925070524216,
-0.2919985353946686,
-0.47712787985801697,
0.24002180993556976,
-0.4139910638332367,
-0.20065656304359436,
-0.08240746706724167,
0.5552811622619629,
0.21117843687534332,
0.025535844266414642,
0.35004058480262756,
0.2082986682653427,
0.12017921358346939,
-0.551552414894104,
0.07200533151626587,
0.7639315128326416,
0.07803209871053696,
0.10743162035942078,
0.5022938251495361,
-0.14694185554981232,
0.6844190359115601,
0.8489038348197937,
0.12477706372737885,
0.7577809691429138,
-0.20941932499408722,
0.9060642719268799,
-0.7283458113670349,
0.1265643835067749,
0.5327321290969849,
-1.0582009553909302,
0.34512242674827576,
0.4694882929325104,
-0.40334615111351013,
0.7957114577293396,
0.13993120193481445,
1.1083040237426758,
-0.2250365912914276,
0.06267654150724411,
-0.43301644921302795,
-0.7894527912139893,
0.2950635552406311,
0.8876997232437134,
-0.17907418310642242,
-0.36865314841270447,
0.23333658277988434,
0.42571282386779785,
-0.25440019369125366,
-0.45581740140914917,
-0.03561600670218468,
-0.22092463076114655,
-0.2836781442165375,
0.8874779939651489,
-0.2293364554643631,
1.027939796447754,
0.16934484243392944,
-0.37809935212135315,
0.5892727971076965,
-0.7061693668365479,
0.5190558433532715,
0.15634490549564362,
-0.6194618940353394,
0.6344266533851624,
-0.5175835490226746,
0.13218553364276886,
0.3088844418525696,
0.09166198968887329,
-0.3325897753238678,
0.17437085509300232,
-0.09569722414016724,
-0.3102364242076874,
-0.9458929896354675,
0.2807408571243286,
0.858676552772522,
-0.5233739018440247,
-0.8009119033813477,
-0.30014899373054504,
0.45117896795272827,
0.719399094581604,
-0.6203763484954834,
0.4485971927642822,
-0.1250448375940323,
-0.1418873816728592,
-0.23009873926639557,
-0.0724434033036232,
1.1884653568267822,
-0.21440255641937256,
0.13187840580940247,
-0.013903594575822353,
0.21990534663200378,
0.057785630226135254,
0.6907205581665039,
-0.33389705419540405,
-0.6786578893661499,
-0.201385498046875,
-0.4251300096511841,
-0.10279949009418488,
-0.726288378238678,
0.3901060223579407,
-0.7693408727645874,
-0.12772473692893982,
0.784187376499176,
-1.0328413248062134,
0.31175103783607483,
0.008189559914171696,
0.24441520869731903,
-0.25256243348121643,
0.000647792883682996,
0.27603358030319214,
-0.4445778727531433,
-0.16779029369354248,
-0.32781994342803955,
0.4927947521209717,
0.02364884689450264,
-0.054723456501960754,
0.2340516597032547,
-0.42577630281448364,
0.6323574185371399,
0.3225308656692505,
0.1839863359928131,
-0.07729870080947876,
0.44383692741394043,
-0.5890321135520935,
0.11504915356636047,
0.14958757162094116,
-0.5328546166419983,
-0.1583108752965927,
-0.17289449274539948,
0.20148865878582,
0.4981100559234619,
0.20071899890899658,
-0.6396770477294922,
-0.06864194571971893,
-0.13466258347034454,
0.22180905938148499,
-0.2814764082431793,
0.012389454059302807,
-0.3099009394645691,
-0.6546591520309448,
-0.09836885333061218,
-0.17095333337783813,
1.3957206010818481,
-0.2596655786037445,
-0.1281832456588745,
0.5968136191368103,
-0.24961119890213013,
1.3478624820709229,
-0.07919549196958542,
-0.527577817440033,
0.46708613634109497,
-0.28845709562301636,
0.1625945121049881,
-0.4897361099720001,
0.668770432472229,
-0.12524758279323578,
0.37186387181282043,
0.03339781239628792,
-0.43743371963500977,
-0.10454077273607254,
-0.2053118795156479,
-0.44086962938308716,
0.23947292566299438,
-0.4529150128364563,
0.09486369788646698,
0.046306829899549484,
-0.44567209482192993,
0.049780044704675674,
-0.1741461604833603,
-4.6780781745910645,
0.693169891834259,
0.04041606932878494,
-0.28464722633361816,
0.041884664446115494,
-0.3519488275051117,
0.4027773141860962,
-0.1747334897518158,
-0.0980389267206192,
0.4828827679157257,
-0.08542919158935547,
-0.5544230341911316,
-0.08409609645605087,
0.49061864614486694,
0.7005873918533325,
0.47095367312431335,
0.5724351406097412,
-0.5537327527999878,
0.7186294794082642,
0.40171128511428833,
-0.4477938413619995,
-0.44669345021247864,
-0.37904611229896545,
-0.17047686874866486,
0.679159939289093,
0.721281111240387,
-0.46469518542289734,
-0.5087900161743164,
-0.3864825665950775,
-0.04459491744637489,
0.2825046181678772,
-0.2645333707332611,
-0.23481041193008423,
-0.09460477530956268,
0.22751246392726898,
-0.3970322012901306,
0.1140640527009964,
-0.0171709842979908,
-0.13883592188358307,
-0.6879820823669434,
0.5181861519813538,
0.4697340726852417,
-0.9330317378044128,
-0.8320824503898621,
1.069749116897583,
-0.7050376534461975,
-0.4683828353881836,
0.34713733196258545,
0.12457749992609024,
0.5861105918884277,
0.21506386995315552,
0.08610488474369049,
0.7301011085510254,
0.08227118104696274,
0.0437692329287529,
-0.0035942671820521355,
0.6644295454025269,
-0.01689169369637966,
0.18645314872264862,
0.8199903964996338,
0.3475438952445984,
-0.6230167746543884,
0.04923065006732941,
0.1952524185180664,
-0.1026710718870163,
-0.49796921014785767,
0.4427780210971832,
0.5094438195228577,
0.0989554300904274,
0.05156754329800606,
-0.054208528250455856,
0.6386906504631042,
-0.08066213130950928,
-0.6944087147712708,
0.5835849642753601,
-0.8043020367622375,
-0.702765166759491,
-0.46248453855514526,
-0.5194042325019836,
-0.24884885549545288,
0.3006109297275543,
-0.16727331280708313,
0.6105743050575256,
0.4733242094516754,
0.14757610857486725,
-0.2738180160522461,
-0.418068528175354,
0.3306461274623871,
-0.5050643086433411,
-0.39502695202827454,
0.4437766969203949,
-0.16246631741523743,
0.47422510385513306,
-0.23014622926712036,
0.04706798866391182,
0.42179447412490845,
0.5055969953536987,
0.06900458037853241,
-0.4278327226638794,
-0.3606364130973816,
0.4285745918750763,
-0.6974633932113647,
0.3491383194923401,
-0.3469196557998657,
-0.3784559369087219,
-0.43122589588165283,
0.25563526153564453,
0.37590649724006653,
0.7229435443878174,
0.07912627607584,
-0.49615129828453064,
0.011996335349977016,
-0.16524440050125122,
-0.4276004135608673,
0.6738825440406799,
-0.32528361678123474,
0.17841343581676483,
0.5082433223724365,
0.2718052566051483,
0.011478164233267307,
0.05527203157544136,
0.1286465972661972,
-0.14698699116706848,
-0.22990618646144867,
-0.2170829325914383,
-0.8294638395309448,
1.001706600189209,
0.2628154158592224,
-0.4297489523887634,
0.3282211720943451,
-0.0559033527970314,
0.15290799736976624,
-0.6914715766906738,
-0.26607951521873474,
-0.4525439441204071,
-0.5701871514320374,
-0.5895593166351318,
-1.243331789970398,
-0.18862523138523102,
0.6239292621612549,
0.33719444274902344,
0.22855331003665924,
-0.5760190486907959,
0.2855827510356903,
0.16982997953891754,
-0.35498473048210144,
0.6675127744674683,
0.4061591625213623,
-0.9739239811897278,
0.41918066143989563,
-0.3157366216182709,
-0.39730700850486755,
-0.21642595529556274,
-0.9970706701278687,
-0.10397965461015701,
-0.7930281758308411,
0.1412644386291504,
0.3011074960231781,
0.25427576899528503,
-0.6635898947715759,
0.24225014448165894,
0.027282198891043663,
-0.9349395036697388,
0.729611337184906,
-0.35514411330223083,
-0.3477070927619934,
-0.6415467262268066,
-0.21563436090946198,
-0.520996630191803,
-0.13932578265666962,
0.6375467777252197,
-0.5902064442634583,
-0.3967777192592621,
-0.7219047546386719,
0.40270331501960754,
-0.6703588962554932,
-0.0203253086656332,
0.4632996916770935,
-0.29163411259651184,
-0.0011497315717861056,
0.13638800382614136,
0.02507404237985611,
-0.6647108793258667,
-0.3587679862976074,
0.7069872617721558,
-0.45184385776519775,
-0.11876241862773895,
-0.2039291262626648,
0.07604913413524628,
-0.07057807594537735,
0.1192319244146347,
-0.4596676826477051,
0.07959340512752533,
0.3291100561618805,
0.06866812705993652,
-0.5210183262825012,
0.9225484728813171,
-0.4353491961956024,
0.15009911358356476,
-0.5408333539962769,
-0.2821806073188782,
0.7664037346839905,
-0.1733332872390747,
1.03947913646698,
0.17415648698806763,
-0.8487809300422668,
0.17649415135383606,
0.5070274472236633,
-0.4223659932613373,
1.2687780857086182,
-0.47697097063064575,
-0.6741740703582764,
0.7333768606185913,
-0.019358674064278603,
-0.48265260457992554,
0.31713515520095825,
-0.09129118919372559,
-0.52488774061203,
-0.476343035697937,
0.19989410042762756,
-0.6446552872657776,
-0.035824816673994064,
-0.23910929262638092,
-0.2969914972782135,
-0.5579566359519958,
0.5738720893859863,
0.6163050532341003,
-0.6367664337158203,
1.1850857734680176,
-0.7924540638923645,
-0.10280055552721024,
0.4982655942440033,
-0.11528526246547699,
0.4522075951099396,
-0.23562121391296387,
-0.040805477648973465,
-0.16362527012825012,
-0.36040109395980835,
0.20336104929447174,
-0.09401488304138184,
0.6048742532730103,
0.6987947225570679,
0.2890518009662628,
-0.960720956325531,
0.047984495759010315,
-0.23312848806381226,
0.7288706302642822,
-0.053820833563804626,
-0.8276060819625854,
0.5896960496902466,
0.6317028403282166,
-0.4688573181629181,
-1.023693323135376,
-0.09560579061508179,
0.9414864182472229,
-0.41299477219581604,
-0.04018540680408478,
0.31008800864219666,
0.1754920780658722,
-0.2973122298717499,
0.11197282373905182,
-0.0005464459536597133,
0.20683515071868896,
-0.2154957354068756,
0.4546258747577667,
-0.513750433921814,
-0.09709642827510834,
-0.32475966215133667,
0.2382468432188034,
-0.07379996031522751,
-0.4914699196815491,
-0.038168951869010925,
-0.014884503558278084,
0.5328619480133057,
-1.0089738368988037,
0.3043336868286133,
0.0907009094953537,
-1.083991527557373,
0.055526141077280045,
0.11608526855707169,
-1.1239560842514038,
-0.3662191331386566,
-0.17868554592132568,
-0.28524908423423767,
-0.12654106318950653,
-0.8968866467475891,
0.17758946120738983,
0.11672863364219666,
-0.7467485070228577,
0.04981878399848938,
-0.2709832787513733,
0.5736501216888428,
0.08618063479661942,
-0.8592159748077393,
-0.4737904667854309,
0.38103270530700684,
-0.20778627693653107,
0.44456055760383606,
0.38194286823272705,
-0.0663628876209259,
-1.4884639978408813,
0.9628612399101257,
-0.49820369482040405,
-0.6961820125579834,
0.6386042237281799,
-0.23077186942100525,
-0.48341313004493713,
-0.34681642055511475,
0.5157155990600586,
0.363063246011734,
-0.04820870980620384,
-0.2498636394739151,
0.25779297947883606,
1.3329674005508423,
-0.3274805247783661,
0.11075662821531296,
0.7212741374969482,
-0.6021337509155273,
-0.35944512486457825,
0.4018717408180237,
-0.4935929477214813,
0.7725622057914734,
0.7820186018943787,
0.8750268816947937,
-0.21976682543754578,
1.4881535768508911,
-0.37958571314811707,
0.39540764689445496,
-0.3132558763027191,
-0.19933617115020752,
-0.011680014431476593,
-0.7219959497451782,
-1.0418775081634521,
0.7751303315162659,
-0.5078500509262085,
-0.49490076303482056,
0.16902104020118713,
-0.3458220064640045,
-0.684069037437439,
0.49145323038101196,
-0.21887794137001038,
0.3045317232608795,
0.46561700105667114,
-0.13143232464790344,
-0.40425682067871094,
-0.4240558445453644,
-0.21367581188678741,
0.5139792561531067,
0.4776453971862793,
-0.3494087755680084,
0.07198593020439148,
0.032808948308229446,
-0.31509628891944885,
-0.4559100270271301,
-0.4409917891025543,
0.06599604338407516,
0.3689042627811432,
0.056908026337623596,
-1.1902881860733032,
-0.3656879961490631,
0.04464703053236008,
-0.5288483500480652,
0.7298223972320557,
0.06504394114017487,
-0.08553218096494675,
-0.21208573877811432,
0.3831356465816498,
0.36881023645401,
-0.6483272910118103,
1.0478748083114624,
0.41808009147644043,
0.4926080107688904,
0.591129720211029,
0.12171594798564911,
0.021500183269381523,
0.2500206530094147,
0.06333654373884201,
0.593146562576294,
-0.07505359500646591,
-0.04883706942200661,
-0.286068320274353,
0.1813737452030182,
-0.39302942156791687,
-0.26170578598976135,
0.012057784013450146,
-0.45897549390792847,
-0.45930448174476624,
0.12064637988805771,
0.22856266796588898,
-0.34143128991127014,
-0.10393721610307693,
0.23695938289165497,
-0.1075155958533287,
0.5366387963294983,
0.05984073877334595,
0.029846180230379105,
0.34773963689804077,
0.6544866561889648,
0.581508994102478,
0.6654661297798157,
0.23334652185440063,
0.3569996654987335,
-0.3461250066757202,
0.13129092752933502,
0.024797480553388596,
-0.10965103656053543,
-0.9361286163330078,
0.33308321237564087,
-1.0425316095352173,
0.5650859475135803,
0.17892929911613464,
0.38491904735565186,
-0.06693299859762192,
0.8520262241363525,
-0.07607195526361465,
0.2046981304883957,
0.6593971848487854,
0.11411560326814651,
-0.6040886044502258,
-0.06791697442531586,
0.23893246054649353,
0.11952986568212509,
0.185938760638237,
0.7812536358833313,
0.04485578462481499,
-0.2827528119087219,
0.17639538645744324,
-0.1933034211397171,
-1.038938045501709,
0.006003659684211016,
0.3763481676578522,
-1.1764286756515503,
-0.31143784523010254,
0.13404779136180878,
-0.20593972504138947,
-0.22378741204738617,
0.11296957731246948,
1.1033780574798584,
0.7486278414726257,
-0.5881065130233765,
0.0013459277106449008,
-0.41807714104652405,
-0.028227193281054497,
0.1683771163225174,
-0.12075264751911163,
0.4239315390586853,
-0.5312315821647644,
-0.4902728796005249,
-0.09339889883995056,
0.8849478363990784,
-0.327593594789505,
-0.7577222585678101,
0.7609838247299194,
-0.33791670203208923,
0.11357120424509048,
0.17449982464313507,
-0.40140989422798157,
-0.44708964228630066,
-0.05381146818399429,
-0.33084335923194885
]
|
128330 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolesville%2C%20North%20Carolina | Rolesville, North Carolina | Rolesville is a town in northeastern Wake County, North Carolina, United States, a suburb of the capital city of Raleigh. It is the second oldest town in Wake County and has been one of the fastest-growing towns in the state of North Carolina for the past several years. The population was 9,475 at the 2020 census.
Rolesville was incorporated on January 18, 1837, by the North Carolina Legislature. In 2012, the town celebrated its 175th anniversary.
History
Rolesville began as a small farming community. Rolesville was named after William H. Roles, a local land owner, merchant, cotton broker, cotton gin owner, and postmaster.
Three Rolesville properties are listed on the National Register of Historic Places: the Dr. Lawrence Branch Young House, the Green-Hartsfield House and the Heartsfield-Perry Farm.
Geography
Rolesville is located at .
According to the United States Census Bureau the town has an area of , all land.
Elected Officials
The Town of Rolesville has an elected body composed of a mayor and five commissioners. The responsibility of the Town Board is to review, hear, consider, and approve/disapprove items of business affecting the town residents. The mission of the Board of Commissioners is to uphold the values and traditions that make Rolesville, the second oldest incorporated Town in Wake County, a very special place to live. It is the board's desire to make sure that Rolesville continues to be progressive in its attitude and outlook towards change, all the while maintaining its small town charm and friendly neighborhood communities.
Mayor: Ronnie Currin
Mayor Pro Tem: Michelle Medley
Commissioner: Sheilah Sutton
Commissioner: Paul Vilga
Commissioner: Jacky Wilson
Commissioner: April Sneed
Demographics
2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 9,475 people, 2,204 households, and 2,054 families residing in the town.
2015
As of the census of 2015, there were 6,074 people, and 2,113 households, in the town. The population density was 962.4 people per square mile (214.8/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 74.1% White, 17.8% African American, 3% Asian, 0.4% Native American, 2.1% from 2 or more races and 4.0% from other races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.2% of the population.
Of the 2,113 households, 35.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.3% were married couples living together, 7.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.9% were non-families. 20.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.57 and the average family size was 2.94.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 19.7% under the age of 18, 4.6% from 18 to 24, 70.6% over 18, and 8.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 110 males. 80% of Town residents have graduated high school and 50% have a bachelor's degree or higher.
The median income for a household in the town was $46,838, and the median income for a family was $73,156. Males had a median income of $52,731 versus $41,433 for females. The median house price is $248,000. The per capita income for the town was $31,409. About 7.9% of the population was below the poverty line.
Geology
Rolesville is the namesake of the Rolesville diorite Batholith, also known as the Rolesville Pluton. While the batholith extends into regions north and south of Wake County, the bedrock formation is particularly visible in the form of rocky outcrops within the town limits and the immediate vicinity.
Parks & Recreation
The Town of Rolesville Parks and Recreation Advisory Board, staff, and developers continually work together to improve the park system for area residents. Rolesville currently has three parks, acres of open space, and miles of trails being planned and designed through approved development. The Department offers several youth and adult athletics leagues, recreation programming, summer camps, and special events throughout the year.
Parks and Facilities
Main Street Park (200 S Main Street)
Redford Place Park (121 Redford Place Drive)
Mill Bridge Nature Park (425 Nature Park Drive)
Rolesville Community Center (514 Southtown Circle).
Athletics (youth and adult)
Recreation Programming
Special Events
Education
Rolesville Elementary School
Rolesville Middle School
Rolesville High School
Sanford Creek Elementary School
Thales Academy Junior High/High School - Rolesville
Accolades
Realtor.com: One of America's top 10 boom towns (#7)
SafeWise: Top 50 safest cities in North Carolina, 2015 (#23)
References
External links
Town of Rolesville official website
Rolesville Parks and Recreation Department
Rolesville Parks and Recreation Advisory Board
Rolesville Chamber of Commerce
1837 establishments in North Carolina
Populated places established in 1837
Towns in Wake County, North Carolina
Towns in North Carolina | [
-0.32273510098457336,
-0.10743547230958939,
0.44802844524383545,
-0.08477342128753662,
0.5211430788040161,
0.372048944234848,
0.6813961267471313,
0.2576448917388916,
-0.3250206708908081,
-0.46071237325668335,
-0.2383597046136856,
0.17251169681549072,
-0.33385169506073,
0.32138878107070923,
-0.9064192175865173,
0.7049606442451477,
0.15261608362197876,
0.4818666875362396,
0.12518680095672607,
-0.4727124869823456,
-0.13215301930904388,
-0.5748227834701538,
0.5441129803657532,
0.5714778900146484,
0.014461233280599117,
0.17319659888744354,
0.46598851680755615,
-0.07253745943307877,
-0.02402624301612377,
0.44196075201034546,
-0.16902880370616913,
0.709126353263855,
-0.027944471687078476,
-0.1420925110578537,
0.43883222341537476,
-0.0344851054251194,
0.1761663407087326,
0.034911006689071655,
0.5167301893234253,
0.166908398270607,
-0.605970025062561,
-0.06735023856163025,
0.032858267426490784,
0.2417302280664444,
0.4668976962566376,
-0.21107015013694763,
-1.5017669200897217,
0.1624007225036621,
-0.9929928183555603,
-0.3672258257865906,
-0.9215696454048157,
0.2792310118675232,
0.1868940144777298,
1.0056596994400024,
0.1201963871717453,
0.10886178910732269,
-0.2102135419845581,
-0.061846666038036346,
1.01707923412323,
-0.3821541666984558,
-0.15598373115062714,
1.1797611713409424,
-0.2734658122062683,
-0.11435140669345856,
-0.12479300051927567,
-0.07612833380699158,
0.04298495873808861,
0.5952481031417847,
-0.4559633433818817,
-0.6058215498924255,
-0.1226881593465805,
0.43871787190437317,
0.3716171383857727,
0.11232757568359375,
0.4027887284755707,
0.5726343989372253,
-0.06904862076044083,
-0.04250733554363251,
0.3295605480670929,
0.2050081491470337,
0.2545578181743622,
0.08305420726537704,
0.46020522713661194,
0.12303230166435242,
0.9354673624038696,
0.4931895136833191,
-0.6405878067016602,
0.40851661562919617,
0.4739442467689514,
0.008495810441672802,
-0.40380311012268066,
0.16181263327598572,
-0.119896799325943,
0.4144171178340912,
0.15291716158390045,
0.29151979088783264,
-0.10303875803947449,
0.1232265755534172,
0.025547074154019356,
0.354300320148468,
-0.49788621068000793,
0.5019936561584473,
0.4679519832134247,
-0.3838329315185547,
-0.29636523127555847,
-0.2214893102645874,
-0.5162583589553833,
0.06294488161802292,
0.43696674704551697,
0.14332956075668335,
-1.3084405660629272,
0.2700781524181366,
0.16288726031780243,
-0.6523836851119995,
-0.11730531603097916,
0.7235696911811829,
0.09179554134607315,
-0.6403464674949646,
-0.13191822171211243,
0.06909392029047012,
-0.10582327097654343,
0.6379836797714233,
-0.1439814418554306,
0.4789946675300598,
-0.08905936032533646,
0.46469375491142273,
-0.26613691449165344,
0.12710383534431458,
0.11606060713529587,
0.36305373907089233,
0.009689734317362309,
0.35891294479370117,
0.16450299322605133,
0.6943259835243225,
0.48283621668815613,
-0.5394243597984314,
0.0437556654214859,
0.659596860408783,
0.7405287027359009,
-0.05419997125864029,
-1.0030500888824463,
0.2086152881383896,
-0.02509710192680359,
-0.250060498714447,
0.2265462577342987,
-0.7086398601531982,
-0.002877826103940606,
-0.22812224924564362,
0.0004538693465292454,
0.15434342622756958,
0.17648687958717346,
0.1762961894273758,
0.1973665952682495,
-0.05881567299365997,
-0.4621168375015259,
0.005333004519343376,
0.9096521139144897,
-0.3661525249481201,
-0.12201083451509476,
0.34332790970802307,
-0.18329712748527527,
0.5016536116600037,
0.4764348566532135,
0.3691193759441376,
0.6556147336959839,
-0.0793721154332161,
0.5553209185600281,
-0.7766250371932983,
0.6942265033721924,
0.6896703839302063,
-0.35672903060913086,
0.4188500940799713,
0.4326310157775879,
-0.966098964214325,
0.009469346143305302,
0.07402247935533524,
0.8079112768173218,
0.15256689488887787,
0.35924842953681946,
-0.7627553343772888,
-0.6826704740524292,
0.04238377511501312,
0.5947542190551758,
-0.4398769438266754,
0.025563837960362434,
0.11091060191392899,
0.8585361838340759,
-0.08630811423063278,
-0.0891764760017395,
-0.24267907440662384,
-0.2283884733915329,
-0.4935164749622345,
0.8501237034797668,
-0.12655475735664368,
1.1170145273208618,
0.300117164850235,
-0.5953673720359802,
0.550101101398468,
0.12158696353435516,
0.005791241768747568,
0.3107091784477234,
-0.19473351538181305,
0.23718826472759247,
-0.2034756988286972,
-0.12737494707107544,
0.32821518182754517,
0.1752086877822876,
-0.10955137014389038,
0.16603007912635803,
0.025490593165159225,
0.3625241219997406,
-1.3165425062179565,
0.38394761085510254,
0.23342619836330414,
-0.628820538520813,
-0.7001330256462097,
-0.34888073801994324,
0.14179421961307526,
0.6149287223815918,
-0.4087509214878082,
0.6820175051689148,
-0.16215023398399353,
0.11319289356470108,
-0.30352842807769775,
-0.1740073710680008,
0.4542773365974426,
0.3752531111240387,
0.03744613006711006,
-0.16361361742019653,
0.21165959537029266,
-0.26778194308280945,
0.1589706987142563,
-0.4465610384941101,
-0.6408634781837463,
0.06172956898808479,
-0.3724243938922882,
-0.10192671418190002,
-1.079518437385559,
0.19002442061901093,
-0.6654140949249268,
-0.17731422185897827,
0.5212624669075012,
-1.1605874300003052,
0.12065351754426956,
-0.15986590087413788,
0.2292647510766983,
-0.05547647178173065,
0.23805682361125946,
0.042928434908390045,
0.09437095373868942,
-0.14129965007305145,
-0.08442271500825882,
0.19899791479110718,
0.2451166957616806,
0.2932758629322052,
0.2979811131954193,
-0.32104095816612244,
0.364053875207901,
0.004049085546284914,
-0.2249089479446411,
-0.47461554408073425,
-0.0160926915705204,
-0.6400797963142395,
0.33470699191093445,
-0.15461386740207672,
-0.6056483387947083,
-0.003202826716005802,
0.0470183864235878,
0.1137523278594017,
0.41010257601737976,
0.9649310111999512,
-0.9431117177009583,
0.006565218325704336,
-0.07835691422224045,
0.20067466795444489,
0.10901153087615967,
0.08438266068696976,
0.14724890887737274,
-0.666100263595581,
-0.23661379516124725,
0.036836251616477966,
0.8522366881370544,
0.19580188393592834,
-0.3643680810928345,
0.3132157027721405,
-0.8651712536811829,
1.1768462657928467,
-0.13561365008354187,
-0.3006971776485443,
-0.2949329614639282,
-0.2947123944759369,
0.20859652757644653,
-0.30685871839523315,
0.9512320160865784,
0.07859080284833908,
0.4451226592063904,
-0.04410899057984352,
-0.12315109372138977,
0.42782649397850037,
-0.09492664039134979,
-0.7611033320426941,
0.46348002552986145,
-0.6461524367332458,
-0.20118039846420288,
0.22805824875831604,
-0.008953176438808441,
0.13330045342445374,
-0.38941001892089844,
-5.096894264221191,
0.5321943163871765,
-0.7575171589851379,
-0.2685973048210144,
0.9907070994377136,
-0.7320200204849243,
0.7276251912117004,
-0.217411071062088,
-0.17929983139038086,
0.31910544633865356,
-0.25198519229888916,
-0.008120927959680557,
-0.5369623899459839,
0.815009593963623,
0.30645471811294556,
0.7062655687332153,
1.2755318880081177,
-0.24289342761039734,
0.9161587357521057,
0.33949926495552063,
-0.3152044415473938,
-0.028371663764119148,
-0.0948554202914238,
-0.3350461423397064,
0.713245153427124,
1.1206010580062866,
-0.5467202067375183,
-0.28426483273506165,
-0.24714922904968262,
-0.31118258833885193,
-0.3499757647514343,
-0.3728516697883606,
-0.3457726836204529,
-0.023209035396575928,
0.04823017492890358,
-0.5184242725372314,
-0.01943936198949814,
-0.16180747747421265,
-0.05413203313946724,
-0.7898043394088745,
-0.055322661995887756,
0.16209423542022705,
-0.7369382381439209,
-0.2223145216703415,
0.8052580952644348,
-0.333237886428833,
-0.19764100015163422,
-0.03674815222620964,
0.09180229157209396,
0.5969171524047852,
-0.047582097351551056,
-0.3065032660961151,
0.6638712286949158,
0.08207900077104568,
0.10735573619604111,
-0.2937248647212982,
0.6093897819519043,
-0.15061603486537933,
-0.43548330664634705,
0.7610502243041992,
-0.13317692279815674,
-0.8142452239990234,
-0.4725434482097626,
-0.3215407729148865,
-0.21388310194015503,
-0.2031179666519165,
0.006594142876565456,
0.3321094810962677,
0.29133141040802,
-0.21878716349601746,
-0.0021306313574314117,
0.42212599515914917,
-0.1264110952615738,
-0.8568518757820129,
0.46169745922088623,
-0.40686145424842834,
-0.9086877107620239,
-0.5750855207443237,
-0.13272041082382202,
-0.20060132443904877,
-0.19046716392040253,
0.2626606822013855,
0.3432214856147766,
0.19081293046474457,
0.017968175932765007,
-0.04198068752884865,
-0.08727585524320602,
0.3421337306499481,
-0.1721927672624588,
-0.31944751739501953,
0.2016247808933258,
-0.37514737248420715,
0.4707026481628418,
-0.4430435001850128,
0.3778334856033325,
0.33098724484443665,
0.05367546156048775,
0.229970782995224,
-0.45523443818092346,
-0.7015479803085327,
0.35256099700927734,
-0.8244982361793518,
0.15605399012565613,
-0.18595799803733826,
0.18335719406604767,
-0.14879582822322845,
0.3822096288204193,
0.34511908888816833,
0.4964617192745209,
-0.1641678363084793,
-0.1306098848581314,
0.26555687189102173,
-0.48187175393104553,
-0.12966342270374298,
0.8932282328605652,
-0.5339725017547607,
0.046048350632190704,
0.6303811073303223,
0.4810231029987335,
-0.2320704609155655,
0.13864441215991974,
0.20696814358234406,
-0.0024920052383095026,
-0.5261459946632385,
-0.5262685418128967,
-0.41163724660873413,
0.7189279198646545,
0.2756074368953705,
-0.52802574634552,
0.1665252447128296,
0.054925404489040375,
0.09943342208862305,
-0.49633416533470154,
-0.14735370874404907,
-0.38180211186408997,
-0.6464813947677612,
-0.15779440104961395,
-0.8937098979949951,
0.09223397076129913,
0.25296610593795776,
0.23686648905277252,
0.2240249365568161,
-0.4895901381969452,
-0.1326850950717926,
0.3289487659931183,
0.12242719531059265,
0.22282005846500397,
0.06356275081634521,
-1.0035088062286377,
0.2556702196598053,
0.2708728015422821,
-0.7138733863830566,
-0.7731339931488037,
-0.8546727299690247,
0.164883553981781,
-0.4366343021392822,
-0.04024777561426163,
0.23302744328975677,
0.47174665331840515,
-0.44083690643310547,
0.34070301055908203,
-0.024406306445598602,
-1.0096029043197632,
0.425857812166214,
-0.12709449231624603,
-0.5178258419036865,
-0.4955422580242157,
-0.4441191852092743,
-0.3396661877632141,
0.39714398980140686,
0.5393097400665283,
-0.6561565399169922,
-0.24401487410068512,
-0.4650996923446655,
0.3625998795032501,
-0.37117016315460205,
-0.01716610975563526,
0.23349662125110626,
-0.5130778551101685,
-0.26367461681365967,
0.009165690280497074,
-0.16176126897335052,
-0.8156197667121887,
-0.3013397455215454,
0.242900088429451,
-0.2513493597507477,
-0.03108913265168667,
-0.27843281626701355,
0.015658875927329063,
0.3614621162414551,
-0.29407137632369995,
-0.22214075922966003,
-0.38602757453918457,
-0.20008143782615662,
-0.0899663120508194,
-0.4595778286457062,
0.971192479133606,
-0.2046644687652588,
-0.14427371323108673,
-0.4302419126033783,
-0.3065639138221741,
0.646195650100708,
-0.3255189061164856,
0.770641028881073,
0.13401474058628082,
-0.7864943146705627,
0.13266226649284363,
0.3287416994571686,
-0.5356789827346802,
0.983758807182312,
-0.326650470495224,
-0.5355904698371887,
0.8365556597709656,
0.0921289324760437,
-0.5475248098373413,
-0.06770764291286469,
-0.0926218032836914,
-0.28564876317977905,
-0.4818337857723236,
0.09004505723714828,
-0.23894894123077393,
-0.09659302979707718,
-0.5056191086769104,
-0.481712281703949,
-0.1794658601284027,
0.0780477449297905,
0.5150089859962463,
-0.5179545283317566,
1.127070426940918,
-1.017610788345337,
-0.18428891897201538,
0.1664242297410965,
0.16065989434719086,
0.5696897506713867,
-0.2042577862739563,
0.013346251100301743,
-0.13585934042930603,
-0.15937122702598572,
0.5247856378555298,
-0.054163139313459396,
0.3698652982711792,
0.7630292177200317,
-0.022871730849146843,
-1.0394704341888428,
-0.08716920018196106,
0.043081048876047134,
0.7411237359046936,
-0.09796852618455887,
-0.9521259069442749,
0.337820440530777,
0.653999388217926,
-0.4013071060180664,
-1.1662811040878296,
-0.037065811455249786,
0.781158447265625,
-0.3658789396286011,
-0.20174334943294525,
0.3407108783721924,
0.2835440933704376,
-0.4085770547389984,
-0.015415349043905735,
-0.1468382179737091,
0.45248091220855713,
-0.04500062018632889,
0.2747041881084442,
-0.6581387519836426,
0.12005051970481873,
-0.08607728779315948,
0.6967102885246277,
-0.32926076650619507,
-0.6544126868247986,
0.15199114382266998,
0.20571401715278625,
0.5811450481414795,
-0.5015860199928284,
-0.28160351514816284,
0.12275655567646027,
-0.7182262539863586,
-0.009610380046069622,
-0.04675029218196869,
-0.8952016830444336,
-0.14122657477855682,
-0.09646124392747879,
-0.674601137638092,
0.21493017673492432,
-0.850139319896698,
0.6494126915931702,
-0.09088071435689926,
-0.5797548890113831,
0.09483247250318527,
-0.21920432150363922,
0.07090891152620316,
0.04807889834046364,
-1.0967069864273071,
-0.610287606716156,
0.4046223759651184,
0.4177246391773224,
-0.11536760628223419,
0.43059632182121277,
0.3543366491794586,
-1.358780860900879,
0.7980457544326782,
-0.10410470515489578,
-0.7611101865768433,
0.454910546541214,
-0.4968585669994354,
-0.2924734950065613,
-0.8124679327011108,
0.22283892333507538,
0.3471733629703522,
-0.14250871539115906,
0.12217506766319275,
0.4872761368751526,
1.170037865638733,
-0.17544656991958618,
-0.001783250947482884,
0.20586957037448883,
-0.42023417353630066,
-0.28961846232414246,
0.636907160282135,
-0.5088716149330139,
0.668556809425354,
0.821079432964325,
0.4129928648471832,
0.40506356954574585,
1.0858689546585083,
-0.20648372173309326,
0.2463635951280594,
-0.29231053590774536,
0.3309555947780609,
-0.13923433423042297,
-0.5326963663101196,
-0.49911609292030334,
0.2443021684885025,
-0.056579407304525375,
-0.5231127738952637,
0.425015926361084,
-0.23999598622322083,
-0.35056445002555847,
0.5733592510223389,
-0.33226266503334045,
0.33488696813583374,
0.547831118106842,
-0.06229722872376442,
-0.1296374797821045,
-0.1679152548313141,
-0.33212560415267944,
0.548736572265625,
0.3602237105369568,
-0.5328394174575806,
0.4784543514251709,
-0.5270723104476929,
-0.23137810826301575,
-0.679919421672821,
-0.779660701751709,
0.027438560500741005,
0.8453431129455566,
-0.6559168696403503,
-0.9689553380012512,
0.1022784635424614,
0.2795761823654175,
-0.5981847047805786,
0.38399598002433777,
0.12057183682918549,
-0.26740750670433044,
-0.2740892469882965,
0.9418917894363403,
0.18156032264232635,
-0.196823850274086,
0.8542045950889587,
0.3537600636482239,
0.4989948570728302,
0.14255987107753754,
0.11508149653673172,
0.1260477751493454,
0.09526722133159637,
0.10848646610975266,
0.6850875020027161,
-0.01107985433191061,
0.1786584109067917,
0.11275216192007065,
-0.2652760148048401,
-0.21755756437778473,
-0.40486010909080505,
0.31916600465774536,
-0.2756628394126892,
-0.3881129026412964,
0.07424736022949219,
0.36694544553756714,
0.0033485624007880688,
0.02186562679708004,
-0.2029893696308136,
-0.3577392101287842,
0.459852933883667,
-0.5535249710083008,
0.6300978660583496,
-0.1236821785569191,
0.6597326993942261,
0.2024870067834854,
0.5839964151382446,
0.6812841892242432,
0.24080364406108856,
-0.3091818392276764,
0.07482340931892395,
-0.2586781978607178,
0.2721976339817047,
-0.7975006103515625,
-0.11880160868167877,
-0.45985621213912964,
0.5078714489936829,
0.3875163793563843,
0.4171071946620941,
-0.06689419597387314,
0.6408903002738953,
0.1795361340045929,
0.7829821109771729,
0.22550168633460999,
-0.08752042800188065,
-0.5502882599830627,
-0.052644141018390656,
-0.1681697517633438,
0.05430123582482338,
0.39467817544937134,
0.7231491208076477,
0.09833534061908722,
-0.03316983953118324,
0.019768333062529564,
-0.14757901430130005,
-0.9234845638275146,
0.24199983477592468,
-0.4713841378688812,
-0.48367735743522644,
-0.4421612322330475,
0.0607757568359375,
0.012848188169300556,
-0.17883235216140747,
-0.027780553326010704,
1.0335075855255127,
0.5966245532035828,
-0.9007230997085571,
-0.35878875851631165,
-0.13237938284873962,
-0.18701623380184174,
0.16474398970603943,
0.7591007351875305,
0.3824097812175751,
-0.9435358047485352,
-0.5023249983787537,
0.17453382909297943,
0.5059978365898132,
-0.2976716160774231,
-0.39884045720100403,
0.024175748229026794,
-0.24814465641975403,
-0.3155888617038727,
-0.17582644522190094,
-0.02745147980749607,
-0.4718180298805237,
0.39837318658828735,
0.001147731440141797
]
|
128331 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exeter%20College%2C%20Oxford | Exeter College, Oxford | Exeter College (in full: The Rector and Scholars of Exeter College in the University of Oxford) is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England and the fourth-oldest college of the university.
The college is located on Turl Street, where it was founded in 1314 by Devon-born Walter de Stapledon, Bishop of Exeter, as a school to educate clergymen. At its foundation Exeter was popular with the sons of the Devonshire gentry, though has since become associated with a much broader range of notable alumni, including William Morris, J. R. R. Tolkien, Richard Burton, Roger Bannister, Alan Bennett, and Philip Pullman.
History
Still situated in its original location in Turl Street, Exeter College was founded in 1314 by Walter de Stapledon of Devon, Bishop of Exeter and later treasurer to Edward II, as a school to educate clergy. During its first century, it was known as Stapeldon Hall and was significantly smaller, with just twelve to fourteen students. The college grew significantly from the 15th century onward, and began offering rooms to its students. The college motto is "Floreat Exon.", meaning "Let Exeter Flourish".
In the 16th century, donations from Sir William Petre, assumed to be an Exeter graduate, whose daughter Dorothy Wadham (1534β1618) was a co-founder with her husband Nicholas Wadham (1531β1609) of Wadham College, created the eight Petrean Fellowships, and further contributions from his son John Petre, 1st Baron Petre (1549β1613) helped to expand and transform the college.
Sir John Acland (died 1620), a Devonshire gentleman, donated Β£800, which largely financed the building of a new dining hall, and also established two scholarships for poor students, the first to be created at the college. In a clever move by the bursar to fill the new buildings as they were completed, a significant number of noble Roman Catholic students were invited to enrol and take classes at the enlarged college; however, they were not allowed to matriculate. As a result, over time, Exeter College became one of the leading colleges in the university.
In the 18th century the college experienced declining popularity, as did all of Oxford's other colleges. University reforms in the 1850s helped to end this period of stagnation.
Women at Exeter
For over six centuries after its founding, women were not permitted to study at Exeter, but in 1979 it joined many other men's colleges in admitting its first female students. In 1993 Exeter College became the first of the former all-male colleges to elect a woman, Marilyn Butler, as its rector. When Butler's tenure expired in October 2004, the college elected another womanβFrances Cairncross, former senior editor of The Economistβas rector.
In 2014, the author J. K. Rowling was elected an honorary fellow of the college.
Adelphi Wine Club
Formed in the 1850s, the Adelphi Wine Club is reputed to be one of the oldest three wine clubs in Oxford. The club draws its membership from undergraduates studying at Exeter College. It has been forcibly closed down by college authorities several times throughout its tumultuous existence and is currently believed to be dormant. The club was renowned for its extravagant dinners, and for excessive gambling after each meeting. One black ball was sufficient to exclude an undergraduate from membership. Beginning in 1923, the college forbade any student holding an exhibition or scholarship to join the club.
Notable members include Sir Martin Le Quesne, and J.P.V.D. Balsdon.
Buildings
Exeter College is the basis for the fictional Jordan College in Philip Pullman's novel trilogy His Dark Materials. The 2007 film version of the first novel, The Golden Compass (originally Northern Lights), used the college for location filming.
The final episode of Inspector Morse, based on the novel The Remorseful Day, was filmed in the college chapel and Front Quadrangle, where Morse has a heart attack.
Front Quadrangle
The Front Quadrangle sits on roughly the site of the medieval college, although of the earliest buildings, only Palmer's Tower in the north-eastern corner remains. Constructed in 1432, the tower, which was once the primary entrance to the college, now houses various offices and lodgings for fellows, and at its base is a memorial to members who were killed in the Second World War. The quadrangle is dominated by the chapel, designed by Sir George Gilbert Scott and constructed in 1854β1860, which was heavily inspired by the Sainte-Chapelle in Paris. On the opposite side stands the hall, constructed in 1618, notable for its vaulted ceilings and numerous fine portraits, underneath which is the college bar. Building work over the following century resulted in the quadrangle taking on its current appearance in 1710. The Front Quadrangle also houses the Junior, Middle and Senior Common Rooms, as well as lodgings for fellows and undergraduates.
Margary quadrangle
The Margary quadrangle was completed in 1964 with the construction of the Thomas Wood building to commemorate the 650th anniversary of the college and named for Ivan Margary, who paid for its restoration. The quadrangle also incorporates the rector's lodgings, designed by Gilbert Scott and constructed in 1864, and staircases nine, ten and eleven, also erected during the 19th century.
Fellows' Garden
A passageway from the Front Quadrangle leads through to the college's Fellows' Garden, in which stands the library, designed by Gilbert Scott in the 13th-century style. The area is also bounded on the left hand side by Convocation House, the Divinity School and the Bodleian Library, and on the right by Brasenose Lane. The Mound, situated at the end of the Garden, offers views over Radcliffe Square, including All Souls College and the Radcliffe Camera.
Cohen Quad
In 2007β2008, the college purchased the main site of Ruskin College on Walton Street for Β£7 million. The buildings were redeveloped to designs by Alison Brooks Architects to provide a range of student bedrooms, teaching rooms, and study space. In 2017 Cohen Quad was formally opened, named for the parents of Sir Ronald Cohen. The premises represent the college's largest physical expansion since the 14th century.
Student life
As one of the smaller Oxford colleges, Exeter has a reputation for having a close-knit student body. First-year undergraduates are housed on the college's Turl Street site, and there is dedicated graduate accommodation for the college on Iffley Road.
As the university's fourth oldest college, a certain emphasis is placed on tradition, especially during special occasions such as the annual Burns Night, a dinner in honour of the Scottish poet Robert Burns, when a traditional meal of haggis is served. The college's ties with Williams College in the United States, as well as the generally international composition of the MCR makes the annual Thanksgiving dinner a popular occasion.
Choir
Exeter has a mixed-voice choir, made up of 24 singers, which is administered, conducted and accompanied solely by the Organ Scholars. It is the only college in either Oxford or Cambridge where a choir, run entirely by the Organ Scholar, sings three services a week, and has been heard recently on a number of broadcasts for BBC Radio 4's The Daily Service. The college offers Choral and ParryβWood Organ Scholarships, and former Organ Scholars include Robert Sharpe (Director of Music, York Minster), Christopher Herrick (International Concert Organist and former Organist, Westminster Abbey), and David Trendell (Director of Music, King's College London), as well as Directors of Music at Rugby, Charterhouse, Sherborne, and Latymer Upper Schools.
Sports
Exeter students compete at a university level on the varsity teams and the college itself fields several teams on an intra-university college level, particularly in rowing, rugby, hockey, netball and cricket.
In March 2014 Exeter College Association Football Club defeated St Catherine's College 2β1 in the final of the Cuppers tournament to lift the trophy for the first time in over 40 years.
In December 2010 Exeter College Hockey Club won the men's intra-university premier division and competed on 8 March 2011 in the college Varsity Match against St Catharine's College, Cambridge at Southgate Hockey Club, London.
People associated with Exeter
Former students
Amongst Exeter's alumni are many writers, including J. R. R. Tolkien, Martin Amis and Philip Pullman; Roger Bannister, the first man to run a mile in under four minutes; the actors Richard Burton and Imogen Stubbs; Liaquat Ali Khan, the first prime minister of Pakistan, John Kufuor, the former President of Ghana and Pedro Pablo Kuczynski, former president of Peru.
Academics and tutors
C.T. Atkinson, Fellow and tutor in military history, 1898β1955.
Frank Close
Cornelia DruΘu
Raymond Dwek
Sandra Fredman
William Gould
Michael Hart
Elizabeth Jeffreys
Eric Waldram Kemp β Fellow, tutor, and chaplain 1946β1969, later bishop of Chichester
Jacob Klein
George Alfred Kolkhorst β Reader in Spanish 1931β1958
John Maddicott β History fellow
George Rawlinson
Andrew Steane
Magdi Wahba β Egyptian academic and lexicographer
Helen Watanabe-O'Kelly β Official fellow and tutor in German
Rectors
References
External links
College website
JCR website
MCR website
Virtual Tour of Exeter College
1314 establishments in England
Buildings and structures of the University of Oxford
Colleges of the University of Oxford
Educational institutions established in the 14th century
George Gilbert Scott buildings
Grade I listed buildings in Oxford
Grade I listed educational buildings | [
-0.08503942936658859,
0.5958661437034607,
-0.1343424916267395,
-0.9688799977302551,
0.41001710295677185,
0.5765249729156494,
0.5198476910591125,
0.8349744081497192,
-0.3006202280521393,
-0.3324650526046753,
-0.634601354598999,
0.3233397305011749,
0.21787187457084656,
0.039970651268959045,
0.320477694272995,
-0.3599889576435089,
0.8861945867538452,
-0.07453164458274841,
-0.12567104399204254,
-0.5706800818443298,
-0.019328270107507706,
0.6295207738876343,
-0.20664818584918976,
0.14276829361915588,
-0.02060868591070175,
0.4389130175113678,
0.5094214081764221,
-0.17291079461574554,
-0.47565603256225586,
-0.2880386412143707,
-0.13828574120998383,
0.08406341820955276,
-0.2767242193222046,
-0.41667672991752625,
-0.23803769052028656,
-0.24072857201099396,
0.29520183801651,
-0.4360736310482025,
-0.08884086459875107,
-0.16974715888500214,
0.140764057636261,
-0.5932748317718506,
0.22426478564739227,
0.08505499362945557,
-0.6288279891014099,
-0.43269312381744385,
-0.7810361981391907,
0.06785909086465836,
-0.8180552124977112,
0.23884984850883484,
0.5530301928520203,
0.8712212443351746,
0.12660154700279236,
0.07502742856740952,
0.3427986204624176,
0.22240088880062103,
-0.7709735035896301,
-0.05096666142344475,
0.15805190801620483,
-0.0187222920358181,
0.2493957281112671,
1.2113254070281982,
-0.3771993815898895,
0.8534369468688965,
-0.5275664329528809,
-0.17551900446414948,
-0.11086190491914749,
-0.1554873287677765,
-1.01786470413208,
-0.2126067727804184,
-0.24554011225700378,
-0.28922516107559204,
-0.6126312613487244,
0.3589915931224823,
-0.5848378539085388,
-0.6280869841575623,
-0.019792815670371056,
0.23561084270477295,
0.41425657272338867,
0.10114828497171402,
0.3516892194747925,
0.11864958703517914,
0.8013025522232056,
0.7390027642250061,
0.5433527231216431,
0.5900220274925232,
-0.5482761859893799,
-0.30383655428886414,
-0.49226969480514526,
0.43130266666412354,
-0.1324993371963501,
0.046142011880874634,
0.048931799829006195,
0.4208773672580719,
0.31690046191215515,
-0.3857436776161194,
-0.271340548992157,
0.30296579003334045,
0.025663815438747406,
-0.31915563344955444,
-0.3249748945236206,
0.3160269558429718,
0.14774322509765625,
0.1415819227695465,
-0.5308476090431213,
-0.01357544306665659,
-1.0007394552230835,
-0.776673436164856,
-0.30477938055992126,
0.4436584413051605,
-0.7935410737991333,
-0.11120159924030304,
-0.2874271273612976,
0.2825087606906891,
-0.3838886320590973,
-0.403677374124527,
0.08601026237010956,
-0.41402119398117065,
-0.5683504939079285,
-0.13427667319774628,
-0.2229892760515213,
0.4766273498535156,
0.5447897911071777,
0.2994135022163391,
-0.11317609995603561,
0.16520771384239197,
0.12205256521701813,
0.37886732816696167,
-0.4745509624481201,
-0.218028724193573,
0.3511015474796295,
0.6539995074272156,
0.04005257412791252,
0.030836399644613266,
-0.09902629256248474,
-0.06859404593706131,
-0.3192460238933563,
-0.4312328100204468,
0.29500412940979004,
0.7285237908363342,
-0.9858042001724243,
-0.07244172692298889,
-0.6191931366920471,
0.08671199530363083,
0.09285783767700195,
-0.27572518587112427,
-0.614254355430603,
0.24265320599079132,
-0.3039267361164093,
-0.009865091182291508,
0.5428442358970642,
0.08319824188947678,
-0.21523508429527283,
-0.47329407930374146,
-0.09429672360420227,
0.12645410001277924,
0.47529658675193787,
0.4744264781475067,
-0.09225250035524368,
-0.08093126863241196,
-0.47182735800743103,
-0.498396635055542,
0.681928813457489,
-0.17237870395183563,
0.5492401719093323,
-0.06763974577188492,
0.32175490260124207,
-0.8320836424827576,
-0.30370569229125977,
0.20605099201202393,
-0.8596217036247253,
-0.42118221521377563,
0.9563801288604736,
-0.09358233213424683,
-0.29878151416778564,
-0.5075972080230713,
0.9604353904724121,
0.1926393061876297,
0.5398496985435486,
-0.2224244922399521,
-0.5983161330223083,
-0.25965380668640137,
0.009204062633216381,
-0.19406461715698242,
0.11187097430229187,
-0.2241584062576294,
-0.1824173927307129,
0.28614723682403564,
-0.23949144780635834,
0.4243406057357788,
-0.7095342874526978,
-0.2598600387573242,
-0.2426091581583023,
0.10840869694948196,
0.7694832682609558,
-0.28724074363708496,
-1.193015217781067,
0.5843855142593384,
-0.2413223534822464,
0.7475710511207581,
-0.2417985200881958,
-0.12449788302183151,
-0.4321323335170746,
-0.5094530582427979,
-0.3238424062728882,
0.06634765863418579,
0.2916800379753113,
0.26268255710601807,
0.6674813032150269,
0.182167649269104,
-0.09172819554805756,
-0.5430116653442383,
0.0222715325653553,
0.4098255932331085,
0.12533515691757202,
-0.48040685057640076,
-0.4174668490886688,
-0.7776609659194946,
0.24548125267028809,
-0.6106587052345276,
0.7082810997962952,
-0.450533390045166,
0.7026593685150146,
0.06797266751527786,
-0.4908757507801056,
0.04641638696193695,
-0.40065041184425354,
0.1223071962594986,
0.24831244349479675,
-0.0971251130104065,
0.63715660572052,
0.34958022832870483,
0.15856905281543732,
0.049085117876529694,
0.25408798456192017,
-0.5645037889480591,
-0.6034223437309265,
-0.27628597617149353,
0.5763359665870667,
-0.08514365553855896,
0.19503799080848694,
-0.13357330858707428,
-1.0145961046218872,
0.6130167841911316,
0.20695960521697998,
-0.23223662376403809,
0.17216505110263824,
0.428837388753891,
-0.5253121852874756,
-0.1462174952030182,
0.2874273955821991,
-0.5973355174064636,
0.08089029043912888,
0.010663597844541073,
-0.043451838195323944,
-0.21237191557884216,
0.040526583790779114,
0.5613501071929932,
0.3847152888774872,
0.11500602960586548,
-0.8806813359260559,
0.1823849081993103,
0.24914155900478363,
0.199900284409523,
-0.2940275967121124,
-0.03242504969239235,
-0.15321306884288788,
-0.5779739022254944,
0.10604136437177658,
0.2567795217037201,
0.0734478086233139,
-0.37537533044815063,
-0.09504043310880661,
0.5364832282066345,
-0.6131951808929443,
0.1532406210899353,
-0.21517851948738098,
-0.10584703832864761,
-0.6930609345436096,
-0.20561234652996063,
0.12012651562690735,
0.47687986493110657,
-0.08270741254091263,
-0.45510420203208923,
-0.14957788586616516,
0.2769879698753357,
-0.10470914840698242,
-0.36135348677635193,
-0.2628178000450134,
-0.1163499727845192,
-0.06661514937877655,
0.44270727038383484,
0.41076159477233887,
0.09747610241174698,
0.41559165716171265,
0.2158268243074417,
0.5607840418815613,
-0.038777220994234085,
-0.11763660609722137,
-0.5539266467094421,
0.007442692294716835,
0.2785532474517822,
0.24069960415363312,
0.5077268481254578,
0.9702187180519104,
-0.20599691569805145,
-0.06908789277076721,
0.08387047052383423,
-5.5887627601623535,
0.0539068765938282,
-0.43973761796951294,
0.26551273465156555,
1.2241860628128052,
-0.3938732147216797,
0.4688745141029358,
-0.6393054127693176,
-0.08041378855705261,
-0.784659206867218,
-0.292728990316391,
0.010710939764976501,
0.02241239883005619,
0.7372401356697083,
0.4997250437736511,
0.5537351965904236,
0.41434237360954285,
-0.012016236782073975,
-0.13888667523860931,
0.7128827571868896,
0.3566925823688507,
0.07312753796577454,
-0.18178881704807281,
0.4987023174762726,
0.04481494799256325,
0.6870995759963989,
-0.3248421847820282,
0.46965134143829346,
-0.2406105101108551,
-0.39173588156700134,
0.10424342006444931,
-0.1697242707014084,
0.0771348625421524,
-0.4576386511325836,
0.03730542212724686,
0.4985155463218689,
0.4675505459308624,
0.2908138334751129,
0.187621608376503,
-0.035565633326768875,
0.500206708908081,
0.08255589008331299,
0.24932993948459625,
-0.2601233422756195,
-0.04317977651953697,
-0.5953138470649719,
-0.5712947845458984,
0.04049723595380783,
-0.22672075033187866,
0.09981921315193176,
-0.4275027811527252,
0.3630921542644501,
0.3602919280529022,
0.17007258534431458,
-0.34635937213897705,
-0.23499229550361633,
-0.04711245745420456,
0.05314302816987038,
0.045387301594018936,
0.08297894895076752,
-0.023324554786086082,
-0.7331785559654236,
-0.03680961951613426,
-0.2710651755332947,
-0.4010297656059265,
-0.15143460035324097,
-0.05230562761425972,
0.9556024670600891,
0.5612367391586304,
0.2887328863143921,
-0.09290583431720734,
-0.04538790509104729,
-0.35391244292259216,
-0.799555778503418,
-0.4146626889705658,
-0.46398982405662537,
-0.08012278378009796,
-0.333976686000824,
-0.4369366765022278,
0.05972368270158768,
-0.12635232508182526,
0.05957544967532158,
0.1363513469696045,
0.4833053946495056,
0.1394956111907959,
-0.8751859664916992,
-0.37569332122802734,
0.653397262096405,
-0.46085813641548157,
-0.7073990106582642,
-0.21695025265216827,
-0.2279086858034134,
-0.1443369835615158,
0.3794529139995575,
0.5271792411804199,
-0.1929759532213211,
-0.26730602979660034,
0.3187497556209564,
0.02496744878590107,
0.3324921131134033,
0.09248218685388565,
-0.21136216819286346,
0.330731064081192,
0.13899444043636322,
-0.3895394504070282,
-0.2041027843952179,
-0.22533203661441803,
0.33555868268013,
0.5332162380218506,
0.18388794362545013,
0.478118360042572,
-0.026405971497297287,
-0.49055173993110657,
0.17167861759662628,
-0.14285822212696075,
0.10020435601472855,
-0.1986575573682785,
0.17820598185062408,
-0.44522517919540405,
0.16097523272037506,
-0.17488019168376923,
0.20558567345142365,
-0.1983952522277832,
-0.06785332411527634,
-0.6283408999443054,
-0.4886409044265747,
0.3763267695903778,
-0.3096693158149719,
-0.13902218639850616,
-0.0013323526363819838,
0.053699858486652374,
-0.3012468218803406,
-0.1373448520898819,
0.46793368458747864,
-0.1403200328350067,
-0.12607218325138092,
-0.09719947725534439,
-0.28481099009513855,
0.023860270157456398,
0.33248236775398254,
0.06573359668254852,
-0.11113422363996506,
0.43995073437690735,
-0.06071243807673454,
0.8676376342773438,
0.4002664387226105,
0.010269615799188614,
0.274639755487442,
-0.6023234724998474,
0.6108443737030029,
-0.14021311700344086,
-0.2560160160064697,
-0.09083939343690872,
0.1983392983675003,
0.11498989164829254,
-0.17312705516815186,
-0.6784365177154541,
0.42082175612449646,
0.25539201498031616,
0.22984984517097473,
-0.29560670256614685,
-0.3686465919017792,
-0.5052188038825989,
-0.3572366237640381,
0.5331019163131714,
-0.03464113548398018,
-0.15126517415046692,
-0.4074271321296692,
-0.6807153820991516,
0.28637245297431946,
-0.06053632125258446,
-0.22248341143131256,
-0.18804606795310974,
-0.3703559339046478,
0.5616382956504822,
-0.2396271675825119,
-0.19627785682678223,
0.11436722427606583,
-0.31894776225090027,
-0.3103899657726288,
0.3121938705444336,
-0.140316903591156,
0.23211215436458588,
0.14781373739242554,
0.8444379568099976,
-0.3745277523994446,
-0.5239468812942505,
-0.2985173165798187,
0.25575315952301025,
-0.681900143623352,
-0.07961405813694,
-0.24724163115024567,
0.31537601351737976,
0.2974821627140045,
-0.2403278350830078,
-0.6782393455505371,
0.016996867954730988,
0.054037392139434814,
-0.4443615972995758,
0.06162938103079796,
0.1554461270570755,
0.3344253599643707,
-0.3196311891078949,
0.570540726184845,
0.06521037220954895,
-0.2782243490219116,
0.2594521641731262,
-0.48799124360084534,
-0.0858382061123848,
0.4991045296192169,
-0.12333830446004868,
-0.645625114440918,
0.5426377058029175,
0.8731102347373962,
-0.9460936784744263,
-0.49970242381095886,
0.1626594215631485,
-0.42343834042549133,
-0.129103884100914,
-0.3494221270084381,
-0.22360137104988098,
-0.09547975659370422,
-0.2575032413005829,
0.1342778354883194,
-0.4647396206855774,
0.17763328552246094,
0.6257284879684448,
-0.348210871219635,
0.5033649206161499,
-0.21007899940013885,
0.7783305048942566,
-0.12533757090568542,
-0.510857343673706,
-0.2689213752746582,
0.8207326531410217,
-0.4202839136123657,
0.08480575680732727,
-0.01637836918234825,
-0.26558539271354675,
0.20169001817703247,
0.31555402278900146,
0.8846779465675354,
0.0172111913561821,
-0.7887162566184998,
-0.3439106345176697,
0.15143150091171265,
0.6109009385108948,
0.33214014768600464,
-0.7644939422607422,
0.39259153604507446,
0.7833259105682373,
-0.2392939180135727,
-0.22278279066085815,
-0.0950014665722847,
-0.008116170763969421,
-0.42952606081962585,
0.10008829087018967,
-0.16098423302173615,
-0.3589036166667938,
0.07789598405361176,
0.8648541569709778,
0.04688260704278946,
-0.4959355592727661,
-0.31243154406547546,
-0.25200116634368896,
-0.20600800216197968,
-0.3626980781555176,
-0.6545082330703735,
0.5804882645606995,
-0.5675380825996399,
0.2790739834308624,
-0.1821885108947754,
-0.08620564639568329,
0.5275745391845703,
0.21282418072223663,
0.1749238222837448,
-0.13449667394161224,
-0.5934218168258667,
0.8740691542625427,
0.11962278932332993,
-0.5617417097091675,
0.37180253863334656,
0.2553376257419586,
-0.275526225566864,
0.5323536992073059,
-0.9591435194015503,
0.00009246951958630234,
0.32831382751464844,
-0.5359052419662476,
0.7665289640426636,
-0.35540571808815,
-0.5175460577011108,
0.10311366617679596,
-0.014889352023601532,
-0.06306689977645874,
0.46585261821746826,
0.6822896599769592,
-0.027433112263679504,
0.7365168333053589,
0.17238809168338776,
-0.636000394821167,
0.982540488243103,
0.664929986000061,
0.5093539953231812,
0.07492687553167343,
-0.028458086773753166,
-0.4640759825706482,
0.003794778836891055,
-0.3697255849838257,
0.09894400089979172,
0.3507164716720581,
-0.33258509635925293,
0.8700641393661499,
0.5486912727355957,
-0.2602119743824005,
-0.10965712368488312,
0.5145984888076782,
-0.4542326033115387,
0.22071675956249237,
0.23880265653133392,
-0.2710407078266144,
0.025962073355913162,
0.45360538363456726,
0.0880335196852684,
0.2746652066707611,
0.711162805557251,
-0.535247802734375,
-0.539439857006073,
-0.09976570308208466,
0.24221941828727722,
0.15370771288871765,
-0.005492209456861019,
-0.26929470896720886,
0.9102981686592102,
-0.6267752647399902,
-0.26884669065475464,
-0.25646352767944336,
-0.8832119703292847,
-0.3199877142906189,
0.33887386322021484,
0.7468313574790955,
0.7697806358337402,
-0.23812167346477509,
0.3364560008049011,
-0.37110480666160583,
0.0390290804207325,
0.08595552295446396,
-0.24579931795597076,
-0.23755541443824768,
-0.0003370510821696371,
0.305143266916275,
-0.2634480893611908,
0.29880693554878235,
0.018664374947547913,
0.16909363865852356,
0.32700708508491516,
-0.005782280582934618,
0.1609809398651123,
-0.5791099667549133,
0.31480860710144043,
-0.15737812221050262,
1.2927542924880981,
0.6905922889709473,
-0.1080385372042656,
-0.3991260230541229,
-0.17086027562618256,
0.7439585328102112,
-0.42904168367385864,
0.40267011523246765,
0.2780129313468933,
0.15243174135684967,
0.6060598492622375,
0.16816304624080658,
-0.4323005974292755,
0.28259697556495667,
0.25630030035972595,
0.3920491933822632,
0.6841928958892822,
0.3197648227214813,
-0.35184651613235474,
0.034945156425237656,
-0.6681755781173706,
-0.38915950059890747,
-0.06098085269331932,
0.36288726329803467,
-0.8186906576156616,
-0.42974674701690674,
0.2973572611808777,
-0.8311145901679993,
-0.05726027488708496,
0.0015693164896219969,
-0.5483217239379883,
-0.11513257026672363,
0.033857885748147964,
-0.3805929124355316,
-0.3565880358219147,
0.14431241154670715,
0.37991371750831604,
0.08858519047498703,
-0.36254289746284485,
0.21359358727931976,
0.09859956800937653,
-0.30508145689964294,
0.42054283618927,
-0.2023354172706604,
0.4485000967979431,
-0.19646552205085754,
0.18030162155628204,
-0.7530474066734314,
0.4696561396121979,
0.8317775130271912,
0.10296179354190826,
0.06492932140827179,
0.7530899047851562,
0.004142974968999624,
0.5795010924339294,
0.5732684135437012,
0.1529323309659958,
-0.417453795671463,
0.0968678742647171,
0.13364243507385254,
0.23548397421836853,
0.12065418809652328,
0.4925585985183716,
0.12819679081439972,
-0.06728985905647278,
-0.15837812423706055,
0.31082624197006226,
-0.8317418098449707,
0.5862175226211548,
0.06084408983588219,
0.1382920742034912,
-0.41541802883148193,
0.4533279240131378,
-0.2923612594604492,
0.23082706332206726,
0.29182153940200806,
1.1135187149047852,
0.07661837339401245,
-0.5569989681243896,
-0.5216129422187805,
0.3038669526576996,
0.16428504884243011,
0.12546566128730774,
0.3333609998226166,
0.02627984806895256,
-0.394124299287796,
-0.246931254863739,
-0.7091041207313538,
0.2634725272655487,
0.4443483352661133,
-0.18563400208950043,
0.33770933747291565,
-0.27465155720710754,
-0.018534228205680847,
-0.7826322913169861,
0.10928457975387573,
0.08565865457057953,
0.38350582122802734,
0.2936718761920929
]
|
128332 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wake%20Forest%2C%20North%20Carolina | Wake Forest, North Carolina | Wake Forest is a town in Franklin, Granville and Wake counties in the U.S. state of North Carolina; located almost entirely in Wake County, it lies just north of the state capital, Raleigh. The population was 30,117 at the 2010 census, up from 12,588 in 2000. The U.S. Census Bureau estimates the city's population to be 47,601 as of April 1, 2020. In 2007, the town was listed by Forbes magazine as the 20th fastest growing suburb in America, with a 73.2 percent increase in population between 2000 and 2006. Wake Forest was the original home of Wake Forest University for 122 years before it moved to Winston-Salem in 1956.
The U.S. Office of Management and Budget also includes Wake Forest as a part of the Raleigh-Durham-Cary Combined Statistical Area, which has a population of 2,106,463 as of U.S. Census 2020 Population Estimates. The Office of Management and Budget redefined the Federal Statistical Areas and dismantled what had been for decades the Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill Metropolitan Statistical Area. They have now been split them into two separate Micropolitan areas labeled Raleigh-Cary and Durham-Chapel Hill. However they still function as one Research Triangle (or colloquially The Triangle) metropolitan area.
History
In 1832, Dr. Calvin Jones, originally from New England, bought of forested land in Wake County, North Carolina. The sparsely populated area became known as the Forest of Wake, or Wake Forest. Jones sold his farm to the North Carolina Baptist Convention for $2,000, who opened the Wake Forest Manual Labor Institute, later Wake Forest College, on the site. The Raleigh & Gaston Railroad, completed in 1840, established a depot in nearby Forestville that stimulated the school and surrounding village. College leaders convinced the railroad to move the depot even closer to the college in 1874, leading to more economic development. This community was incorporated as the "Town of Wake Forest College" in 1880. In 1909, the word "College" was removed from the name of the town. The college moved to the much larger city of Winston-Salem in 1956. Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary began offering classes on the original campus of Wake Forest University in 1950, and occupied the entire campus when the university completed its move.
Government
Wake Forest operates under the councilβmanager form of government. The citizens elect a mayor and board of commissioners as the town's governing body. The town manager is appointed by the board to serve as the chief operating officer administering all municipal affairs. The current mayor is Vivian A. Jones (R, term expires 2021) and the board of commissioners are James E. "Jim" Dyer (R, 2023), Elizabeth A. "Liz" Simpers (I, 2021), Chad D. Sary (R, 2023), Bridget L. Wall-Lennon (D, 2021), and Adam B. Wright (D, 2023).
A new town hall facility opened in downtown Wake Forest in September 2010, and was LEED Platinum certified in November 2011. All town departments are housed in the facility, except police (which has its own building nearby) and public works.
Geography
Wake Forest is located at (35.973289, -78.518789).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which is land and (0.80%) is water.
Wake Forest is located in the northeast-central region of North Carolina, where the North American Piedmont and Atlantic Coastal Plain regions meet. This area is known as the "Fall Line" because it marks the elevation inland at which waterfalls begin to appear in creeks and rivers. Its central Piedmont location situates Wake Forest approximately three hours by car west of Atlantic Beach, and four hours east of the Great Smoky Mountains.
Climate
Wake Forest enjoys a moderate subtropical climate, with moderate temperatures in the spring, fall, and winter. Summers are typically hot with high humidity. Winter highs generally range in the low 50s Β°F (10 to 13 Β°C) with lows in the low-to-mid 30s Β°F (-2 to 2Β Β°C), although an occasional 60Β Β°F (15Β Β°C) or warmer winter day is not uncommon. Spring and fall days usually reach the low-to-mid 70s Β°F (low 20s Β°C), with lows at night in the lower 50s Β°F (10 to 14Β Β°C). Summer daytime highs often reach the upper 80s to low 90s Β°F (29 to 35Β Β°C). The rainiest months are July and August.
Demographics
2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 47,601 people, 14,732 households, and 11,104 families residing in the town.
2019
As of the 2019 census, there were 47,602 people and 11,059 households in Wake Forest. Wake Forest had a 232% population increase from 2000 to 2019. The population density was 1,614.4 inhabitants per square mile (623.1/km2). There were 5,091 housing units at an average density of 652.9 per square mile (252.0/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 77.1% White, 14.7% African American, 0.1% Native American, 1.5% Asian, 1.6% from other races, and 4.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.8% of the population.
There were 4,617 households, out of which 41.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.3% were married couples living together, 10.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.2% were non-families. 20.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.66 and the average family size was 3.11.
As of the 2000 census, the population was spread out, with 29.7% under the age of 18, 7.4% from 18 to 24, 39.3% from 25 to 44, 15.8% from 45 to 64, and 7.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.0 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $80,215. Males had a median income of $63,585 versus $47,862 for females. The per capita income for the town was $22,746. About 5.3% of the population were below the poverty line.
Education
Primary and secondary education
The town is served by twelve public schools which are administered by the Wake County Public School System and Granville County Public School System. Public schools include:
Heritage Elementary School
Jones Dairy Elementary School
Mount Energy Elementary
Wake Forest Elementary School
Richland Creek Elementary School (opened August 2012)
G C Hawley Middle
Heritage Middle School
Granville Early College High
Wake Forest Middle School
Heritage High School (Wake Forest, North Carolina) (opened August 2010)
Wake Forest High School
Charter schools include Franklin Academy (K-12),Wake Forest Charter Academy (K-8), Endeavor Charter School (K-8), and Envision Science Academy (K-8). Private schools include Thales Academy, All Saints Academy, and St. Catherine of Siena Catholic School, serving grades K-8. Wake Forest is also home to two Montessori schools, Wake Forest Montessori and Children's House of Wake Forest.
Higher learning
Wake Technical Community College is an area two-year college with a north campus on Louisburg Road in Raleigh. Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary is a seminary of the Southern Baptist Convention. It began offering classes in 1950 on the original campus of Wake Forest University and is commonly known by its acronym, SEBTS.
Culture
Performing arts
Wake Forest hosts the annual Wake Forest Dance Festival every fall at E. Carroll Joyner Park.
Historical locations
The DuBois Center is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The W. E. B. DuBois School opened in 1926 for the African-American community in Wake Forest before racial segregation ceased in 1971. After the school outgrew the facility and moved to a new location, the building was vacant for a decade until the DuBois Alumni Association purchased the building and made it into a community center.
Other listings in or near Wake Forest on the National Register of Historic Places are the Bailey-Estes House, Downtown Wake Forest Historic District, Glen Royall Mill Village Historic District, Lea Laboratory, Oakforest, Powell House, Purefoy-Chappell House and Outbuildings, Purefoy-Dunn Plantation, Rock Cliff Farm, Royall Cotton Mill Commissary, South Brick House, Thompson House, Wake Forest Historic District, Wakefield Dairy Complex, and Wakefields.
Wake Forest Historical Museum, also known as the Calvin Jones Historical House, was built in 1820 and was the residence of the first president of Wake Forest College and the center of activities that took place at the school. The museum displays the history of the town of Wake Forest as well as Wake Forest University. The house contains collections of photos, books, college publications, furniture, documents, professorsβ writings, and medical, law and sports memorabilia.
Library
The Wake County Public Library System operates a branch in Wake Forest.
Parks and recreation
Wake Forest is home to the Falls Lake State Recreation Area. Falls Lake Park contains the Falls Lake and of woodlands.
Wake Forest is served by ten parks and community centers. They include the following:
Plummer Park
Joyner Park
Tyler Run Park
Holding Park and Wake Forest Community House
J.B. Flaherty Park
Taylor Street Park and Alston Massenburg Center
Ailey Young Park
H.L. Miller Park
Kiwanis Park
Smith Creek Soccer Center
Transportation
Passenger
Air: Wake Forest is served by Raleigh-Durham International Airport, which is located southwest of the town in northwestern Wake County.
Interstate Highway: Wake Forest can be accessed by I-85 and I-40. The town is located to the east of I-85 and north of I-40.
Wake Forest is not served directly by passenger trains. Amtrak serves nearby Raleigh.
Local bus: The Triangle Transit Authority operates buses that serve the region and connect to municipal bus systems in Raleigh, Durham, and Chapel Hill.
Roads
Wake Forest is located off US 1 (also known as Capital Boulevard in northern Wake County), a major northβsouth U.S. Highway that serves the East Coast of the United States.
Other highways that run through the area include NC 96 and NC 98.
Media
On air
WCPE-FM, located in Wake Forest, is a classical music station that provides its programming over the air, via the Internet, and via C-band and Ku-band satellite.
Newspaper
The town's independently owned community newspaper, The Wake Weekly, has an average circulation of more than 8,400 copies per week.
Online only
Wake Forest News is a humor publication with the motto, "Half our news is fit to print".
Wake Forest Today is the town's first digital daily news portal. It is an online news source that covers local news and events regarding Wake Forest and the surrounding area.
Notable people
References
External links
1820 establishments in North Carolina
Populated places established in 1820 | [
-0.17166902124881744,
0.21813379228115082,
0.5371085405349731,
-0.27748727798461914,
0.3300586938858032,
-0.09222573786973953,
0.2572295367717743,
0.5095667839050293,
-1.298066258430481,
-0.15179549157619476,
-0.5753248333930969,
0.058514829725027084,
-0.6921004056930542,
0.8463149666786194,
-0.6783613562583923,
0.9505324959754944,
0.10391023010015488,
0.6164868474006653,
0.11864394694566727,
-0.814540445804596,
0.0802048072218895,
-0.457096666097641,
0.06979500502347946,
0.5049936771392822,
0.4183509349822998,
0.15195636451244354,
0.29147863388061523,
-0.16006232798099518,
0.30978089570999146,
0.45733124017715454,
-0.1829831451177597,
0.4877983033657074,
-0.30290094017982483,
0.03979504108428955,
0.6294960379600525,
-0.08683095127344131,
-0.13681066036224365,
0.007165269460529089,
0.21340996026992798,
-0.004571094643324614,
-0.6389321088790894,
0.13309012353420258,
-0.008621553890407085,
0.20671311020851135,
0.5233331322669983,
-0.3672808110713959,
-1.260722041130066,
0.2697489261627197,
-0.8154887557029724,
-0.48321616649627686,
-0.540859043598175,
0.3171488046646118,
-0.1554896980524063,
0.8836926221847534,
0.24784302711486816,
0.05498204752802849,
-0.3131695091724396,
0.23660066723823547,
0.940138578414917,
0.6282913684844971,
-0.24246622622013092,
0.3690308630466461,
-0.4118724763393402,
0.07736629247665405,
-0.05521512031555176,
0.026345528662204742,
-0.17119070887565613,
1.0305914878845215,
-0.1862487494945526,
-0.064915232360363,
-0.19466513395309448,
0.0252806656062603,
0.14698255062103271,
-0.07575787603855133,
0.1735764890909195,
0.5903115272521973,
0.14421068131923676,
-0.2575191855430603,
0.23068416118621826,
0.17911262810230255,
0.12578295171260834,
-0.08505583554506302,
0.7012994885444641,
0.22776587307453156,
0.6415836811065674,
0.7496203780174255,
-0.9560758471488953,
0.4776836931705475,
0.48158884048461914,
0.6517481207847595,
-0.1876136213541031,
0.3717446029186249,
-0.040823981165885925,
-0.02382366918027401,
-0.014728463254868984,
0.03538224473595619,
-0.18686221539974213,
0.05889136344194412,
-0.09825242310762405,
0.6410485506057739,
-0.5449188351631165,
0.7291008830070496,
1.064209222793579,
0.005850695539265871,
-0.2752174139022827,
-0.19164706766605377,
-0.5184327960014343,
-0.3900283873081207,
0.578139066696167,
-0.41835495829582214,
-0.5592536330223083,
0.3359352648258209,
-0.16446936130523682,
-0.9697356820106506,
-0.5237566828727722,
0.8045019507408142,
0.32866227626800537,
-0.6259043216705322,
-0.0742596685886383,
0.20796248316764832,
-0.08238190412521362,
0.6737462878227234,
-0.18208874762058258,
0.1444961577653885,
0.12106452137231827,
0.5076202154159546,
0.5464999079704285,
-0.15600420534610748,
0.10583368688821793,
0.2513212263584137,
-0.505097508430481,
0.31186196208000183,
-0.08837264776229858,
0.8104815483093262,
0.019810032099485397,
-0.031492095440626144,
0.28355661034584045,
0.7097015976905823,
0.7356580495834351,
-0.06322745978832245,
-1.0483691692352295,
-0.05744476616382599,
-0.8776885271072388,
-0.32694119215011597,
0.27747204899787903,
-0.4630547761917114,
-0.7404987812042236,
-0.23177599906921387,
0.24405866861343384,
0.28433775901794434,
0.27901768684387207,
0.5075640678405762,
0.22913871705532074,
-0.12992219626903534,
-0.48648521304130554,
0.035063449293375015,
0.5241435766220093,
0.14812861382961273,
0.4361322522163391,
0.3481041491031647,
-0.18010155856609344,
0.4704044759273529,
0.7522233128547668,
0.25591525435447693,
0.17153429985046387,
0.21028615534305573,
0.7538304328918457,
-0.7329707741737366,
0.19471894204616547,
0.2969151437282562,
-0.8088934421539307,
0.3343994915485382,
0.3696547746658325,
-0.7918103337287903,
0.3707191050052643,
-0.22674742341041565,
0.7243112325668335,
0.1791142076253891,
0.2954379916191101,
-0.5538193583488464,
-0.5889558792114258,
0.32580891251564026,
0.22374694049358368,
-0.3629840016365051,
-0.506438136100769,
0.33891022205352783,
0.36713746190071106,
0.1888720691204071,
-0.5236964225769043,
-0.016620635986328125,
0.3285054564476013,
-0.055754829198122025,
0.27150192856788635,
0.22285839915275574,
0.8902956247329712,
0.3850274980068207,
-0.22980256378650665,
0.4737265110015869,
-0.4238862693309784,
0.2898861765861511,
0.31865447759628296,
-0.1081138327717781,
0.2703165113925934,
-0.1462385058403015,
-0.6462464332580566,
0.6219965815544128,
0.009097588248550892,
-0.09925412386655807,
0.12709768116474152,
-0.12396670877933502,
0.004598128609359264,
-0.9074015021324158,
-0.08113235235214233,
0.36388978362083435,
-0.06545467674732208,
-0.4519639313220978,
-0.26932623982429504,
0.037661124020814896,
0.601590096950531,
-0.4947679340839386,
0.343659907579422,
-0.014324481599032879,
-0.1423317790031433,
-0.27883628010749817,
-0.06732866168022156,
1.033483624458313,
-0.23209989070892334,
0.265154629945755,
-0.4653439223766327,
0.3103276491165161,
-0.04402262344956398,
-0.03596322610974312,
-0.49389365315437317,
-0.3001765310764313,
-0.028652368113398552,
-0.4561416506767273,
-0.24323588609695435,
-1.006884217262268,
0.2552173137664795,
-0.27519339323043823,
0.0775514617562294,
0.10796037316322327,
-1.0368943214416504,
-0.08924707025289536,
0.14725768566131592,
-0.20798298716545105,
-0.2358379065990448,
-0.11804340779781342,
0.07018731534481049,
-0.03191078454256058,
-0.13109472393989563,
0.01662089303135872,
0.41653957962989807,
-0.0469534695148468,
0.09597356617450714,
0.2011985033750534,
-0.20046469569206238,
0.6025059819221497,
0.4432739019393921,
-0.06082624942064285,
-0.5946781635284424,
0.32468006014823914,
-0.4786056876182556,
0.028409654274582863,
0.014984249137341976,
-0.7069637179374695,
-0.31880244612693787,
-0.29483628273010254,
0.11639449000358582,
0.40166613459587097,
0.4613626003265381,
-0.9892433881759644,
0.28174227476119995,
-1.006565809249878,
0.08539733290672302,
-0.06424684077501297,
0.46102696657180786,
0.044221293181180954,
-0.809952974319458,
0.025666754692792892,
0.01257647480815649,
0.9208284020423889,
-0.1290324479341507,
-0.4041431248188019,
0.030581219121813774,
-0.5828560590744019,
0.9261330962181091,
-0.14659644663333893,
-0.4306134581565857,
0.07573333382606506,
-0.20790411531925201,
-0.24033808708190918,
-0.05653445050120354,
0.9615204930305481,
-0.07626906037330627,
0.5603042840957642,
-0.12325692921876907,
0.04906417429447174,
0.200629323720932,
-0.32535362243652344,
-0.7590892910957336,
0.2700534462928772,
-0.3598354458808899,
0.07914479821920395,
0.31150177121162415,
-0.8579534292221069,
0.09497269988059998,
-0.048482123762369156,
-5.119294166564941,
0.08299922943115234,
-0.1678975522518158,
-0.11558280140161514,
0.3005397617816925,
-0.24935705959796906,
0.6333886384963989,
-0.28763654828071594,
-0.060756273567676544,
0.6367751359939575,
0.22658491134643555,
-0.046102117747068405,
-0.09541668742895126,
0.552405059337616,
0.39082613587379456,
0.6710649132728577,
0.7163211107254028,
-0.30101287364959717,
0.6983285546302795,
0.25880521535873413,
-0.4160132110118866,
-0.06541275233030319,
-0.2607128620147705,
-0.5561253428459167,
0.6201229691505432,
0.8132365345954895,
-0.11112973839044571,
-0.3870367407798767,
-0.42509689927101135,
0.03198566287755966,
0.2613036036491394,
-0.4853104054927826,
-0.14646340906620026,
-0.43878301978111267,
0.19716663658618927,
-0.5890425443649292,
-0.08272907882928848,
0.24245087802410126,
-0.1310734748840332,
-0.33440694212913513,
0.1546258181333542,
0.3258877992630005,
-0.4623524248600006,
-0.16387036442756653,
0.9752447009086609,
-0.21165886521339417,
-0.3096233308315277,
-0.16095563769340515,
0.4197250008583069,
0.40862542390823364,
0.20572060346603394,
-0.473670095205307,
1.0062981843948364,
0.14106768369674683,
0.20598630607128143,
0.07735051959753036,
0.7933604717254639,
-0.03402527794241905,
-0.2605443000793457,
0.5860224366188049,
0.6185280680656433,
-0.43076613545417786,
-0.3304179310798645,
-0.06791303306818008,
-0.16704881191253662,
-0.22232018411159515,
-0.009638210758566856,
0.014560652896761894,
0.39696767926216125,
0.10603737831115723,
-0.022483114153146744,
0.002850940451025963,
0.11096497625112534,
-0.615524172782898,
0.10262696444988251,
-0.3658023178577423,
-1.0728422403335571,
-0.24268193542957306,
-0.4421231746673584,
-0.2520293593406677,
-0.4944670498371124,
0.4375724494457245,
0.4016163647174835,
0.6544457077980042,
0.11403702199459076,
-0.6176705956459045,
-0.5043587684631348,
0.2176663726568222,
-0.3395594656467438,
-0.45406925678253174,
0.1511533260345459,
-0.15636174380779266,
0.3722021281719208,
0.2180885672569275,
-0.07203183323144913,
0.42816758155822754,
0.42571109533309937,
0.12533457577228546,
0.10353267192840576,
-0.6065375208854675,
0.6018325686454773,
-0.56074458360672,
0.21821068227291107,
-0.08652951568365097,
-0.30704638361930847,
0.08059130609035492,
0.2983531355857849,
0.2582119107246399,
0.44834426045417786,
-0.24791677296161652,
-0.1686255782842636,
-0.3283754885196686,
-0.09600184112787247,
-0.266080766916275,
0.7555178999900818,
-0.7261577248573303,
0.06056230142712593,
0.4610089063644409,
0.07392778247594833,
-0.33184364438056946,
0.2827918827533722,
0.598504364490509,
-0.19430410861968994,
-0.1729983687400818,
-0.10958857089281082,
-0.33687788248062134,
0.6821426153182983,
0.12315480411052704,
-0.9906377792358398,
0.18069297075271606,
-0.1038229838013649,
-0.47550493478775024,
-0.08717770874500275,
-0.1880474090576172,
-0.2906259596347809,
-0.29197224974632263,
-0.35673898458480835,
-0.7654842734336853,
0.18645963072776794,
0.6891090869903564,
0.5586174130439758,
0.05029008165001869,
-0.2988480031490326,
0.4478822946548462,
0.012074524536728859,
0.26503175497055054,
0.29529324173927307,
0.0807485282421112,
-0.8370657563209534,
-0.03213847428560257,
-0.41098934412002563,
-0.7754771113395691,
-0.43042612075805664,
-0.8371647000312805,
-0.05012398585677147,
-0.4069596529006958,
0.452742338180542,
0.37428998947143555,
0.29172298312187195,
-0.4651757776737213,
0.2355537861585617,
-0.09775347262620926,
-0.8681225776672363,
0.48190420866012573,
0.04537825286388397,
-0.0353931300342083,
-0.3193085789680481,
0.038631100207567215,
-0.33590468764305115,
-0.009570958092808723,
0.440346360206604,
-0.4907796382904053,
-0.43803003430366516,
-0.15647704899311066,
0.49297335743904114,
-0.20882342755794525,
0.21490070223808289,
0.692823052406311,
-0.45232734084129333,
-0.19010570645332336,
-0.07848566770553589,
-0.13805218040943146,
-0.6100330352783203,
-0.216558575630188,
-0.08095279335975647,
-0.6434348821640015,
-0.16977697610855103,
-0.09533831477165222,
-0.16559648513793945,
-0.20880699157714844,
0.05625845864415169,
-0.42265525460243225,
0.2594190239906311,
0.35348743200302124,
-0.06600312888622284,
-0.35903191566467285,
0.686401903629303,
-0.7209625244140625,
-0.07328590750694275,
-0.4939880669116974,
0.11116454750299454,
0.5176784992218018,
-0.4225405156612396,
0.8657585382461548,
-0.12905655801296234,
-0.8999711871147156,
0.2079434096813202,
0.5533263087272644,
-0.7498725652694702,
0.974224328994751,
-0.2425743192434311,
-0.5059493780136108,
0.9150965809822083,
0.38578397035598755,
-0.6475630402565002,
-0.11673178523778915,
0.2624930441379547,
-0.18363799154758453,
0.12147609144449234,
0.11284858733415604,
-0.45440244674682617,
0.1824461668729782,
0.054750848561525345,
-0.43686333298683167,
-0.33668190240859985,
1.0400320291519165,
0.39831361174583435,
-0.5166048407554626,
1.0636237859725952,
-1.0106269121170044,
-0.26119592785835266,
0.1852867752313614,
-0.0006822299910709262,
0.2895439565181732,
-0.27128130197525024,
-0.13153588771820068,
0.10599575191736221,
-0.5065931677818298,
0.18575993180274963,
0.3151937425136566,
0.2984767556190491,
0.5220159888267517,
-0.26769202947616577,
-0.6110532879829407,
-0.22799135744571686,
0.1454179733991623,
0.877851665019989,
0.22762644290924072,
-0.661914050579071,
0.236725315451622,
0.30095425248146057,
-0.4560989439487457,
-0.8130388259887695,
0.19713890552520752,
0.8446894884109497,
-0.0656830295920372,
-0.4709950089454651,
0.3599035441875458,
0.01703469268977642,
-0.47713398933410645,
0.15740244090557098,
0.26157286763191223,
-0.18857526779174805,
0.04880467802286148,
0.6566086411476135,
-0.7813199758529663,
-0.2431507259607315,
0.04620535671710968,
0.45307302474975586,
-0.08671822398900986,
-0.5503528714179993,
0.14929474890232086,
0.1266086846590042,
0.5249722003936768,
-0.3267230689525604,
0.29033714532852173,
-0.21104256808757782,
-1.018933892250061,
0.49577224254608154,
0.4302576780319214,
-0.3446404039859772,
-0.5215703248977661,
-0.31012991070747375,
-0.2986229956150055,
0.3126095235347748,
-0.5513015389442444,
0.13705401122570038,
0.19437435269355774,
-0.49392879009246826,
-0.04972803220152855,
-0.37172141671180725,
0.0198843851685524,
0.22326503694057465,
-0.9086534380912781,
-0.7991364598274231,
0.39438486099243164,
-0.05722147598862648,
0.246919184923172,
0.21476323902606964,
0.022517411038279533,
-1.6021050214767456,
0.8877823948860168,
-0.6093722581863403,
-0.7661667466163635,
1.0296498537063599,
-0.3617894649505615,
-0.425781786441803,
-0.6988516449928284,
0.40816450119018555,
-0.2535507082939148,
0.21909300982952118,
-0.14515672624111176,
0.26279962062835693,
1.2170262336730957,
-0.3915739059448242,
0.4704977869987488,
0.8467075824737549,
-0.652854323387146,
-0.23968134820461273,
0.41545626521110535,
-0.032056331634521484,
0.22291487455368042,
0.5480396747589111,
0.9058950543403625,
0.13857708871364594,
0.7896255850791931,
0.07140309363603592,
0.10244330763816833,
0.010952656157314777,
-0.18477486073970795,
0.1847463846206665,
-0.9154718518257141,
-0.8530561327934265,
0.4079427421092987,
-0.32696768641471863,
-0.2871851623058319,
-0.17750036716461182,
-0.4422745108604431,
-1.2791279554367065,
0.7287245988845825,
0.41190096735954285,
0.32086995244026184,
0.5720924735069275,
0.028421321883797646,
-0.12455110996961594,
-0.5132381916046143,
0.14083784818649292,
0.33918648958206177,
0.3894759714603424,
-0.787533164024353,
0.2577856481075287,
0.1275869458913803,
-0.04667209833860397,
-0.5214411020278931,
-0.47631216049194336,
0.25952526926994324,
0.559215247631073,
-0.3622758090496063,
-0.9460976719856262,
-0.6912748217582703,
-0.23173938691616058,
-0.2297545224428177,
0.5390140414237976,
0.41427645087242126,
-0.07278002053499222,
-0.08913719654083252,
0.47301390767097473,
0.339548259973526,
-0.5956616401672363,
0.799161970615387,
0.1830659955739975,
-0.02669711410999298,
0.3891916573047638,
0.09894641488790512,
0.35121095180511475,
0.36467045545578003,
-0.6815191507339478,
0.6715392470359802,
-0.2978872060775757,
-0.03490584343671799,
0.303322434425354,
-0.26146161556243896,
-0.255900114774704,
-0.6910582780838013,
0.4162689745426178,
-0.15364348888397217,
-0.3801822364330292,
-0.15336750447750092,
0.4418887794017792,
0.06103121489286423,
-0.4249130189418793,
0.2486596703529358,
0.04787323251366615,
0.49339205026626587,
-0.12442891299724579,
0.16865625977516174,
0.32560205459594727,
0.8875790238380432,
0.3474540710449219,
0.25404679775238037,
0.8256773352622986,
0.28880059719085693,
-0.4861530065536499,
-0.15808184444904327,
-0.24426084756851196,
0.3792855143547058,
-0.5617035627365112,
0.44268599152565,
-0.7247740626335144,
0.6366614699363708,
-0.10162700712680817,
0.47824543714523315,
-0.3518497049808502,
0.632908284664154,
-0.14877945184707642,
0.3508584797382355,
0.44869041442871094,
-0.32052603363990784,
-0.7367522120475769,
-0.12541471421718597,
-0.03222300484776497,
0.198151633143425,
0.13582681119441986,
0.7314315438270569,
0.1880059838294983,
-0.4407254755496979,
0.33133700489997864,
-0.4108726680278778,
-0.8280746340751648,
0.11822618544101715,
0.15076860785484314,
-0.8246491551399231,
-0.5170207023620605,
-0.2508794963359833,
-0.012114142999053001,
0.026508808135986328,
-0.05299733579158783,
1.1570972204208374,
0.6442890167236328,
-0.8494194149971008,
-0.5089149475097656,
-0.4026670753955841,
0.10750468820333481,
-0.1484232097864151,
-1.329335331916809,
-0.43476438522338867,
-0.2966850996017456,
-0.7326629161834717,
-0.15438850224018097,
0.650158703327179,
-0.1289575845003128,
-0.9539939165115356,
0.08927994221448898,
0.15934151411056519,
0.10576292872428894,
0.1688389927148819,
0.0009629653068259358,
0.016216298565268517,
0.24798187613487244,
0.14604496955871582
]
|
128333 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wendell%2C%20North%20Carolina | Wendell, North Carolina | Wendell is a town in Wake County, North Carolina, United States. It is a satellite town of Raleigh, the state capital. The population was 5,845 at the 2010 census.
History
Incorporated in 1903, Wendell was settled in the 1850s, when farmers in Granville County were victims of a blight that came to be known as the Granville County Wilt. Their tobacco crops failed, and they chose to move to a new location with more fertile land for their crops.
As settlement increased, a small village took form. The villagers asked the local schoolteacher, M.A. Griffin, to choose a name. Griffin suggested they call it Wendell, in honor of his favorite poet, Oliver Wendell Holmes. However, the townspeople pronounce each syllable with equal emphasis, not as the poet's middle name is said. The Town seal was adopted on April 4, 1963.
The first post office was built in 1891, and has been restored by the Wendell Historical Society. The oldest institution in Wendell is Hephzibah Baptist Church, founded in 1809. The first newspaper was the Wendell Clarion, founded in 1911, which was succeeded by the Gold Leaf Farmer and currently the Eastern Wake News.
Wendell has four buildings and two districts that are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. These are the Dr. Thomas H. Avera House, Harmony Plantation, Riley Hill School, Sunnyside, Wendell Boulevard Historic District, and the Wendell Commercial Historic District:.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , all land.
Wendell is located in the northeast-central region of North Carolina, where the Piedmont and Atlantic Coastal Plain regions meet. This area is known as the "Fall Line" because it marks the elevation inland at which rapids and small waterfalls begin to appear in creeks and rivers. Its central Piedmont location situates Wendell approximately two and a half hours (via car) west of Atlantic Beach, and four hours east of the Great Smoky Mountains.
Climate
Wendell enjoys a moderate subtropical climate, with moderate temperatures in the spring, fall, and winter. Summers are typically hot with high humidity. Winter highs generally range in the low 50sΒ°F (10 to 13 Β°C) with lows in the low-to-mid 30sΒ°F (-2 to 2Β Β°C), although an occasional 60Β Β°F (15Β Β°C) or warmer winter day is not uncommon. Spring and fall days usually reach the low-to-mid 70sΒ°F (low 20sΒ°C), with lows at night in the lower 50sΒ°F (10 to 14Β Β°C). Summer daytime highs often reach the upper 80s to low 90sΒ°F (29 to 35Β Β°C). The rainiest months are July and August.
Government
Wendell's current mayor is Virginia Gray. She conducts Town Board of Commissioners meetings and only has a vote in the event of a tie. The administration of the town is conducted by the town manager. The board of commissioners includes Jason Joyner (Mayor Pro-tem), Joe DeLoach, Deans Eatman, Phil Tarnaski, and Jonathan M. Lutz.
Demographics
2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 9,793 people, 2,686 households, and 1,941 families residing in the town.
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 5,845 people and 2,430 housing units. The population density was 1123.2 people per square mile. The racial makeup of the town was 58.1% White, 30.2% African American, 0.8% Native American, 0.9% Japanese, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 3.20% from other races, and 1.34% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 11.5% of the population.
As of the 2010 census, there were 2430 housing units, with 40% of units built before 1980. Of the 2010 population, 55% were married. 29.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 11.6% were persons 65 years or older, 29% were between the ages of 25-44, and 30% were between the ages of 0-19. The median age in 2010 was 35. The average household size was 2.12.
The median family income for a household in the town was $47,908, The per capita income for the town was $26,556. About 17.3% of the population was below the poverty line.
Education
The town is served by five public schools, which are administered by the Wake County Public School System. They include Lake Myra Elementary, Carver Elementary School, Wendell Elementary School, Wendell Middle School and East Wake High School.
The town is home to one institution of higher learning, Southeastern Free Will Baptist College.
Economy
Daedong-USA, the maker of Kioti tractors, is based in Wendell.
Transportation
Passenger
Air: Wendell is served by Raleigh-Durham International Airport, which is located in northwestern Wake County on I-40.
Interstate highway: I-87 is the closest Interstate to Wendell and is located west of the town.
Wendell was served by a passenger line between Raleigh and Wilson with stops in Knightdale, Zebulon, and Wendell, but was terminated in 1943. Wendell is not served directly by passenger trains. The nearest Amtrak stations are in Raleigh and Selma.
Local bus: The Triangle Transit Authority operates buses that serve the region and connect to municipal bus systems in Raleigh, Durham, and Chapel Hill.
Roads
The main highway in Wendell is US 64 which allows access to Raleigh and the North Carolina coast.
Other highways in the area include US 264, NC 97, and NC 231.
Parks and recreation
The town is served by three recreational parks and facilities. They include Wendell Park, Wendell Community Center, and J. Ashley Wall Town Square.
Notable people
Greg Ellis (born 1975), NFL defensive end and 2007 Pro Bowl selection
George J. Laurer (1925β2019), inventor of the Universal Product Code
Ron and Amy Shirley, reality television stars of Lizard Lick Towing
Gregory Walcott (1928β2015), actor
Notable annual town events
Harvest Festival: takes place annually in October
International Food and Music Festival: held annually in September
References
External links
Town of Wendell official website
Wendell Chamber of Commerce
Eastern Wake News, local newspaper
The Grey Area newspaper, local newspaper
Towns in Wake County, North Carolina
Towns in North Carolina
Populated places established in the 1850s | [
-0.5610415935516357,
0.6383655071258545,
0.12222594022750854,
-0.0881950780749321,
0.3401064872741699,
-0.008724001236259937,
0.433310866355896,
0.44241586327552795,
-0.9690220355987549,
0.1521940976381302,
-0.3201553523540497,
0.37286582589149475,
-0.6327755451202393,
0.5343920588493347,
-0.7190096378326416,
0.8397411108016968,
0.15171043574810028,
0.4942551851272583,
0.2059512734413147,
-0.7529268860816956,
0.18013450503349304,
-0.6044414639472961,
0.21246707439422607,
0.4836418628692627,
0.24961943924427032,
0.18980546295642853,
0.5044769048690796,
-0.03263941779732704,
-0.30264875292778015,
0.17397837340831757,
-0.2782844603061676,
0.5902702808380127,
-0.2717563211917877,
0.1338476836681366,
0.4634408950805664,
0.16960930824279785,
-0.0075950599275529385,
0.0546967089176178,
0.4957880675792694,
-0.24559523165225983,
-0.4623976945877075,
0.27619317173957825,
-0.040696900337934494,
0.1224667951464653,
0.5339586734771729,
-0.38650956749916077,
-1.221017599105835,
0.17990003526210785,
-1.0299253463745117,
-0.8604493737220764,
-0.5356773138046265,
0.24232536554336548,
-0.25930002331733704,
0.5137959122657776,
0.4905586838722229,
-0.1050204336643219,
-0.38720691204071045,
0.6433842182159424,
0.9270753860473633,
0.43775081634521484,
-0.16541337966918945,
0.3731165826320648,
-0.21479856967926025,
0.14957855641841888,
0.39761295914649963,
-0.027364710345864296,
-0.4883319139480591,
0.6218152046203613,
-0.18080461025238037,
-0.2703966498374939,
-0.4557178020477295,
-0.23087473213672638,
0.1524709016084671,
-0.04392015188932419,
0.08032045513391495,
0.724708616733551,
-0.04148693382740021,
-0.01155859138816595,
-0.4985843300819397,
0.04532056301832199,
0.31393787264823914,
-0.2423596829175949,
0.850163459777832,
0.10920242965221405,
0.5386037230491638,
0.6924906969070435,
-1.1529405117034912,
0.5947793126106262,
0.26231518387794495,
0.3412206172943115,
-0.5783364176750183,
0.37004801630973816,
-0.4961041212081909,
0.1849099099636078,
0.009120135568082333,
0.09725288301706314,
-0.22961202263832092,
0.21623896062374115,
0.10163695365190506,
0.5449389815330505,
-0.14423204958438873,
0.6451147198677063,
1.8218439817428589,
-0.41985195875167847,
-0.3229697048664093,
-0.08779716491699219,
-0.5685355067253113,
0.013283356092870235,
0.527930736541748,
-0.5639790296554565,
-0.4809304177761078,
0.44681116938591003,
-0.2829473912715912,
-0.496859610080719,
-0.27739739418029785,
0.974455714225769,
0.1581406146287918,
-0.6076321601867676,
0.35272687673568726,
0.27677956223487854,
-0.08017055690288544,
0.7167392373085022,
-0.5797105431556702,
0.5259866714477539,
-0.07459311187267303,
0.49781349301338196,
-0.0746326595544815,
0.11367618292570114,
0.31500548124313354,
0.7129718065261841,
-0.7925196290016174,
0.35184621810913086,
0.1101871058344841,
0.3758547306060791,
-0.31046822667121887,
0.05827623978257179,
0.12383871525526047,
0.10120370239019394,
0.5843778252601624,
0.6025002598762512,
-0.9256850481033325,
-0.3034406900405884,
-0.8662975430488586,
-0.46811753511428833,
0.329926997423172,
-0.4348381459712982,
-0.08398383110761642,
-0.2046682983636856,
0.21571920812129974,
0.39016371965408325,
0.3082650601863861,
0.28757795691490173,
0.5117565989494324,
0.04964638873934746,
-0.608866810798645,
-0.24840298295021057,
0.7283747792243958,
0.2738126516342163,
0.08252877742052078,
0.538162887096405,
-0.28515446186065674,
0.43312379717826843,
0.6026011109352112,
0.0003764046123251319,
0.5962048172950745,
0.050207898020744324,
0.9009114503860474,
-0.5017507076263428,
0.4484836161136627,
0.19817058742046356,
-0.5308260917663574,
0.3848293721675873,
0.5019310712814331,
-0.3699171245098114,
0.5563164949417114,
-0.2165617197751999,
1.3196704387664795,
0.09353353083133698,
0.25116708874702454,
-0.3788815438747406,
-0.9197561144828796,
0.3560682535171509,
0.5864256024360657,
0.1388648897409439,
-0.3809804916381836,
0.4696572721004486,
0.11471928656101227,
-0.2863942086696625,
-0.4891539514064789,
0.1978732794523239,
0.43270933628082275,
-0.3563602864742279,
0.3893474340438843,
-0.4324648082256317,
0.7668614983558655,
0.39513784646987915,
-0.11415274441242218,
0.02876969240605831,
-0.7615387439727783,
0.5195482969284058,
0.14982593059539795,
-0.11762171238660812,
0.13518884778022766,
-0.28332963585853577,
-0.4657348692417145,
0.9194125533103943,
0.29035311937332153,
-0.20509383082389832,
0.17974820733070374,
0.20304469764232635,
-0.44381260871887207,
-1.2837692499160767,
-0.18407808244228363,
0.9412558078765869,
-0.4852873682975769,
-0.7961658835411072,
-0.1775507777929306,
0.15020306408405304,
0.3329493999481201,
-0.3358834981918335,
0.33502066135406494,
0.04301544278860092,
-0.041976701468229294,
-0.28852418065071106,
-0.07138482481241226,
0.8950942158699036,
-0.14384686946868896,
0.28756433725357056,
-0.5166366100311279,
-0.04516463354229927,
0.6641014814376831,
0.5661380290985107,
0.08280181884765625,
-0.6833380460739136,
-0.16952720284461975,
-0.13738581538200378,
-0.28209853172302246,
-0.8753111362457275,
0.19008973240852356,
-0.5494676232337952,
-0.6660492420196533,
0.7260022163391113,
-1.0624299049377441,
0.3631162941455841,
0.0313454195857048,
0.18464839458465576,
-0.3513237535953522,
-0.15700873732566833,
0.3551201820373535,
-0.522283673286438,
0.10154705494642258,
0.07125908881425858,
0.13497626781463623,
-0.07396163791418076,
-0.17425388097763062,
-0.07077568769454956,
-0.43638280034065247,
0.8162137269973755,
0.5793507695198059,
-0.04903477802872658,
-0.41664087772369385,
0.3033873736858368,
-0.1573573797941208,
0.10724980384111404,
-0.08603311330080032,
-0.551740288734436,
-0.5046208500862122,
0.09888669103384018,
-0.2643600404262543,
0.4470951557159424,
-0.21148332953453064,
-0.5775606632232666,
0.26360276341438293,
-1.2385234832763672,
0.4630579352378845,
0.11510904878377914,
-0.2576099932193756,
-0.09714232385158539,
-0.7320346832275391,
0.3267214298248291,
0.22360192239284515,
1.190022349357605,
-0.31278195977211,
-0.3282507061958313,
0.47093483805656433,
-0.500847578048706,
1.2129684686660767,
-0.5028581619262695,
0.005036131478846073,
-0.25430384278297424,
-0.3204207122325897,
0.16798563301563263,
-0.47994694113731384,
1.0054306983947754,
0.15934421122074127,
0.3310893476009369,
0.008550349622964859,
-0.16913674771785736,
0.012852624990046024,
-0.17833323776721954,
-0.3891400694847107,
0.3463609218597412,
-0.5525861382484436,
0.32672494649887085,
0.17776964604854584,
-0.4546092450618744,
0.020979326218366623,
-0.5805401802062988,
-4.412688732147217,
0.781548023223877,
-0.05392862856388092,
0.031043093651533127,
0.3522305488586426,
-0.3700639009475708,
0.23078760504722595,
-0.5001052618026733,
0.2142839878797531,
0.5989980101585388,
-0.2533856928348541,
-0.24261018633842468,
-0.5667501091957092,
0.8914114832878113,
0.7061243653297424,
0.6999218463897705,
1.1122909784317017,
-0.8648134469985962,
0.45922407507896423,
0.011702189221978188,
-0.5191009044647217,
0.026914218440651894,
-0.14323002099990845,
-0.16589419543743134,
0.695556640625,
1.0225353240966797,
0.11165071278810501,
-0.2701224684715271,
-0.21959595382213593,
-0.0633297711610794,
-0.07163044810295105,
0.03964057192206383,
-0.689092218875885,
-0.7833757996559143,
0.11929118633270264,
-0.3341000974178314,
0.13040395081043243,
0.19256903231143951,
-0.06790950894355774,
-0.24023902416229248,
0.6775786876678467,
0.7454400658607483,
-0.8157373666763306,
-0.35631638765335083,
0.947821855545044,
-0.28551262617111206,
-0.6661256551742554,
-0.20871992409229279,
0.13387995958328247,
0.7345486283302307,
0.22905081510543823,
-0.6020360589027405,
1.0144612789154053,
-0.39226067066192627,
0.3180750608444214,
-0.12270240485668182,
0.9600871205329895,
-0.38011547923088074,
-0.31970739364624023,
0.6443963646888733,
-0.030270958319306374,
-0.9901347160339355,
-0.022367333993315697,
0.39544641971588135,
0.012330851517617702,
-0.32189929485321045,
0.27667179703712463,
0.394103080034256,
0.5973543524742126,
-0.23219802975654602,
-0.055197469890117645,
0.6565203666687012,
-0.09715437889099121,
-0.5032573342323303,
0.15002471208572388,
-0.3447890281677246,
-0.8500925302505493,
0.097458116710186,
-0.6622610092163086,
-0.4441017210483551,
0.3143504559993744,
0.25322431325912476,
0.7281063199043274,
0.6515071988105774,
0.2953086197376251,
-0.25838857889175415,
-0.4401477575302124,
0.7478471398353577,
-0.6848539710044861,
0.04629889503121376,
0.25420573353767395,
0.15129275619983673,
0.5766106247901917,
-0.12703387439250946,
0.3189701437950134,
0.45617762207984924,
0.23867307603359222,
-0.24570691585540771,
-0.39234012365341187,
-0.6884014010429382,
0.4078456163406372,
-0.5032053589820862,
0.01582956686615944,
-0.5608683228492737,
-0.5745847225189209,
0.25059306621551514,
-0.09764757752418518,
0.4799709618091583,
0.2294864058494568,
-0.09356188029050827,
-0.6201881766319275,
-0.13740967214107513,
-0.31353455781936646,
-0.025084007531404495,
0.9680403470993042,
-0.3731117248535156,
-0.04905758798122406,
0.9502876996994019,
0.22153303027153015,
0.19228050112724304,
-0.04902425780892372,
0.28891128301620483,
-0.5373277068138123,
-0.5028966665267944,
-0.5956414937973022,
-0.8192741274833679,
0.6774542331695557,
0.11114279180765152,
-0.5395092964172363,
0.5560038685798645,
-0.524395763874054,
-0.1308070719242096,
-0.8244844675064087,
-0.14221805334091187,
-0.34698110818862915,
-0.26496055722236633,
-0.5743472576141357,
-1.0194934606552124,
-0.36284008622169495,
0.7284343838691711,
0.5951658487319946,
-0.19201810657978058,
-0.3179675340652466,
0.41142138838768005,
-0.2893308401107788,
-0.01860906556248665,
0.6703635454177856,
0.39818188548088074,
-0.9383848905563354,
0.3409987986087799,
-0.37521296739578247,
-0.6294993162155151,
-0.620250940322876,
-1.036232352256775,
0.3014101982116699,
-0.14990343153476715,
0.6597657203674316,
0.35731175541877747,
0.9831706285476685,
-0.5572863817214966,
0.4443475306034088,
0.45690712332725525,
-0.5156944394111633,
0.6527015566825867,
0.060208432376384735,
-0.44684553146362305,
-0.13884200155735016,
0.2844345271587372,
-1.058093547821045,
0.23029983043670654,
0.6852157115936279,
-0.6521362066268921,
-0.36709925532341003,
-0.4165939688682556,
0.37405043840408325,
-0.6420212984085083,
0.2921493649482727,
0.3714063763618469,
0.06921985745429993,
-0.20120766758918762,
-0.28648248314857483,
-0.22414039075374603,
-0.9384672045707703,
-0.23063679039478302,
0.38592493534088135,
-0.7416979670524597,
0.0976095125079155,
-0.5573296546936035,
-0.03324885293841362,
-0.2359198033809662,
0.010445094667375088,
-0.411162793636322,
0.44422757625579834,
0.22589567303657532,
-0.11736027896404266,
-0.5880242586135864,
0.4813370704650879,
-0.3841831684112549,
-0.357697069644928,
-0.7339062094688416,
0.35729846358299255,
0.6667026877403259,
-0.15051378309726715,
0.7832885980606079,
-0.044121429324150085,
-1.0890254974365234,
0.4241374731063843,
0.4697737693786621,
-1.0859390497207642,
1.487100601196289,
-0.3249635696411133,
-0.6580479145050049,
0.8211058378219604,
0.3821204900741577,
-0.5463992953300476,
-0.06117274612188339,
0.383013516664505,
0.002707092324271798,
-0.5138224959373474,
0.10545558482408524,
-0.7061513066291809,
-0.008409546688199043,
-0.07752436399459839,
-0.5599798560142517,
-0.5838742256164551,
0.41336584091186523,
0.6383830904960632,
-0.3745640814304352,
1.1020231246948242,
-1.070691466331482,
-0.13573242723941803,
-0.1904105842113495,
-0.023737259209156036,
0.29186347126960754,
0.09836990386247635,
-0.25080031156539917,
-0.23655082285404205,
-0.46998316049575806,
0.7053236365318298,
-0.027764342725276947,
0.21458075940608978,
0.7020149827003479,
0.3892819881439209,
-0.25440722703933716,
-0.23681442439556122,
-0.3963061571121216,
0.8964982032775879,
0.07446117699146271,
-1.08592689037323,
0.522764265537262,
0.5162795186042786,
-0.1993488371372223,
-0.9175422787666321,
0.2389032393693924,
1.2481635808944702,
-0.23304302990436554,
0.07824332267045975,
0.5980740189552307,
-0.11711422353982925,
-0.2009018212556839,
0.141914963722229,
0.27392831444740295,
0.030253620818257332,
-0.20719817280769348,
0.47561290860176086,
-0.2425384670495987,
-0.3083144426345825,
-0.2708691358566284,
0.5926745533943176,
-0.18414972722530365,
-0.5824533700942993,
0.042317233979701996,
-0.1117672547698021,
0.09226778149604797,
-0.4959564805030823,
-0.009580722078680992,
-0.024954069405794144,
-0.7185851335525513,
0.14329583942890167,
0.37604260444641113,
-0.5884621739387512,
-0.4803955554962158,
0.05396855250000954,
-0.5084733366966248,
0.29679811000823975,
-1.0953739881515503,
0.1608152836561203,
0.1998942792415619,
-0.13138459622859955,
0.3561129570007324,
-0.43757787346839905,
0.1612086445093155,
-0.06642648577690125,
-0.8901709914207458,
-0.2692478895187378,
0.6007667779922485,
-0.09530403465032578,
0.18619665503501892,
-0.2566419541835785,
0.002636438701301813,
-1.7958003282546997,
0.3718128502368927,
-0.42509323358535767,
-0.6542845964431763,
0.5514390468597412,
-0.14910456538200378,
-0.39676806330680847,
-0.43586304783821106,
0.0009933160617947578,
0.47818681597709656,
-0.28902319073677063,
-0.2465236783027649,
0.45948487520217896,
1.204835295677185,
-0.49628499150276184,
0.3491068184375763,
0.712757408618927,
-0.6668400168418884,
-0.27570998668670654,
0.4789552092552185,
-0.24611714482307434,
0.0047544860281050205,
0.6894791126251221,
0.9422653913497925,
-0.1017160713672638,
1.0041824579238892,
0.28218743205070496,
0.30587315559387207,
-0.701461672782898,
-0.34610918164253235,
-0.09770972281694412,
-0.9127990007400513,
-0.4786536991596222,
0.2800550162792206,
-0.4777964949607849,
-0.33421435952186584,
-0.2595899701118469,
-0.5662240982055664,
-0.751447856426239,
0.9418237209320068,
0.02428009919822216,
0.3990919291973114,
0.08126123249530792,
-0.19836938381195068,
0.07159913331270218,
-0.4997406303882599,
0.006312376819550991,
0.09429547935724258,
0.4417146146297455,
-0.8973128795623779,
0.2890637218952179,
0.19969391822814941,
-0.3258908689022064,
-0.559219241142273,
-0.14255990087985992,
-0.552821934223175,
0.5993442535400391,
-0.46577972173690796,
-0.844825804233551,
-1.1155883073806763,
-0.1521306335926056,
-0.2739453911781311,
0.4622392952442169,
0.5938273072242737,
0.013129634782671928,
-0.08228742331266403,
0.8079116940498352,
0.7459584474563599,
-0.26445120573043823,
0.839066207408905,
0.25480419397354126,
-0.3283824622631073,
0.3051435947418213,
0.19030992686748505,
-0.029505636543035507,
0.22737333178520203,
-0.20024698972702026,
0.4203513264656067,
-0.2461365908384323,
-0.08127916604280472,
-0.04357384517788887,
0.15342000126838684,
-0.5084459781646729,
-0.5286282896995544,
0.4700281620025635,
-0.20600834488868713,
-0.3950388431549072,
-0.005043341312557459,
0.23044168949127197,
-0.0959392562508583,
-0.21763616800308228,
0.43757718801498413,
-0.3616736829280853,
0.45797741413116455,
-0.14739273488521576,
-0.07611995935440063,
0.1697794795036316,
1.0258090496063232,
0.6771129965782166,
0.47554200887680054,
0.4862125515937805,
0.15937578678131104,
-0.5413938164710999,
0.23257911205291748,
-0.07509201765060425,
0.22610141336917877,
-1.3343119621276855,
0.6775140762329102,
-0.8415701389312744,
0.7245998382568359,
-0.0517282709479332,
0.9605355858802795,
-0.2136014699935913,
0.6686506271362305,
-0.3390379846096039,
0.11476276814937592,
0.5578112602233887,
-0.2224271595478058,
-0.8273131847381592,
0.0979936271905899,
0.015529599972069263,
-0.00526265986263752,
0.1734793335199356,
0.7666666507720947,
0.08853276818990707,
-0.22004233300685883,
0.007004627026617527,
-0.5058382749557495,
-0.8487914800643921,
-0.172350212931633,
0.05463395640254021,
-0.9108755588531494,
0.014337561093270779,
-0.5445123314857483,
-0.09103719890117645,
-0.48564258217811584,
0.10551857948303223,
1.1181212663650513,
0.5150442719459534,
-0.4936128258705139,
-0.36471909284591675,
-0.16866666078567505,
0.19495387375354767,
-0.000805928313639015,
-1.3307280540466309,
-0.21552850306034088,
-0.40425920486450195,
-0.47873151302337646,
0.0747901052236557,
0.531000018119812,
-0.9790288805961609,
-0.599906325340271,
0.6819416284561157,
0.030657706782221794,
0.2551107108592987,
0.06343493610620499,
-0.19102419912815094,
-0.17740170657634735,
0.372233510017395,
0.01977870985865593
]
|
128334 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macon%2C%20North%20Carolina | Macon, North Carolina | Macon is a town located in Warren County, North Carolina, United States. As of the 2010 census, the town had a total population of 119. It is named for Nathaniel Macon, long-time Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives.
Geography
Macon is located at 36Β°26'18" North, 78Β°4'59" West (36.438269, -78.082971).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , all land.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 115 people, 45 households, and 34 families residing in the town. The population density was 252.8 people per square mile (98.7/km2). There were 63 housing units at an average density of 138.5 per square mile (54.1/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 81.74% White, 13.04% African American, 1.74% Native American, 0.87% Asian, 0.00% Pacific Islander, 0.00% from other races, and 2.61% from two or more races. 1.74% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There were 45 households, out of which 26.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.8% were married couples living together, 13.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.4% were non-families. 20.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.56 and the average family size was 2.94.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 19.1% under the age of 18, 7.0% from 18 to 24, 25.2% from 25 to 44, 30.4% from 45 to 64, and 18.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.9 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $40,521 and the median income for a family was $55,625. Males had a median income of $26,667 versus $22,917 for females. The per capita income for the town was $17,642. 5.7% of the population and 6.5% of families were below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, none were under the age of 18 and 14.8% were 65 or older.
Notable people
Macon is the birthplace of writer and professor at Duke University, Reynolds Price, and the setting of his 1986 novel, Kate Vaiden. Fannie Pennington, an activist, was also born and raised here.
References
Towns in North Carolina
Towns in Warren County, North Carolina | [
-0.04322899878025055,
0.0816795751452446,
-0.16307109594345093,
-0.46840932965278625,
0.7517662644386292,
0.09116967767477036,
0.7543403506278992,
0.6138671040534973,
-1.017385482788086,
-0.0938655436038971,
-0.16909551620483398,
0.4782475233078003,
-1.0039267539978027,
0.8032677173614502,
-0.6587306261062622,
0.8493701219558716,
0.537386417388916,
0.3611747920513153,
-0.05323101952672005,
-0.7509543895721436,
0.02947944588959217,
-0.18632613122463226,
0.4040251672267914,
0.6439031958580017,
0.13573797047138214,
0.10098662227392197,
0.39564186334609985,
-0.11510439217090607,
-0.025585060939192772,
0.1411941647529602,
-0.32014766335487366,
0.36385297775268555,
-0.44337913393974304,
0.09919875115156174,
0.3680872321128845,
-0.1876111626625061,
-0.11258541792631149,
0.046824146062135696,
0.3771084249019623,
0.0030861557461321354,
-0.5257567763328552,
0.1930149793624878,
-0.10877490788698196,
0.49567410349845886,
0.30339840054512024,
-0.4103545844554901,
-1.1224724054336548,
0.5514547228813171,
-0.7923622727394104,
-1.1536000967025757,
-0.42479538917541504,
0.5031690001487732,
-0.27961403131484985,
0.8750301599502563,
0.292264848947525,
0.3263353705406189,
-0.2375698685646057,
0.07736043632030487,
0.49875351786613464,
0.6175771355628967,
-0.06123790517449379,
0.48040661215782166,
0.21369384229183197,
0.5230671167373657,
-0.17813332378864288,
-0.01955132931470871,
-0.09493250399827957,
0.8146443367004395,
-0.027894586324691772,
0.0741303339600563,
-0.40268704295158386,
0.3144553601741791,
-0.1620878130197525,
-0.32459017634391785,
0.0687222108244896,
0.7382222414016724,
-0.17742305994033813,
-0.39743950963020325,
0.09636116772890091,
-0.07293829321861267,
0.316886842250824,
0.07576504349708557,
0.6118777394294739,
0.10758677124977112,
0.6767498254776001,
0.770938515663147,
-1.2301990985870361,
0.37631237506866455,
0.27614307403564453,
0.2732369601726532,
-0.22132259607315063,
0.3021354675292969,
-0.46936872601509094,
0.028572790324687958,
-0.10400726646184921,
0.07125629484653473,
-0.27644625306129456,
0.21268397569656372,
-0.1259867399930954,
0.3956098258495331,
-0.5096555948257446,
0.20740345120429993,
0.9206525683403015,
-0.1922461986541748,
-0.5596981644630432,
-0.2041550576686859,
-0.667518675327301,
-0.21329709887504578,
0.3498205244541168,
-0.28430721163749695,
-0.5833387970924377,
0.3793148696422577,
-0.3519414961338043,
-1.076483964920044,
-0.5217838883399963,
0.19124844670295715,
0.39701467752456665,
-0.5242620706558228,
0.08488713949918747,
0.3247210681438446,
-0.09692761301994324,
0.697509765625,
-0.5940595269203186,
0.35828447341918945,
-0.06367134302854538,
0.14841799437999725,
0.17473269999027252,
0.09424969553947449,
0.21832558512687683,
0.1417533904314041,
-0.5442160964012146,
0.7609901428222656,
-0.32871460914611816,
0.3458547592163086,
-0.14284473657608032,
-0.13035964965820312,
-0.007389077916741371,
0.2756541669368744,
0.3833997845649719,
0.33388587832450867,
-0.9437322020530701,
-0.16729019582271576,
-1.0169460773468018,
0.03481221944093704,
-0.3325791358947754,
-0.280044823884964,
-0.4886254370212555,
-0.2574388384819031,
0.30904310941696167,
0.33883365988731384,
0.11616310477256775,
0.5089006423950195,
0.23795172572135925,
0.6080936789512634,
-0.6402698755264282,
-0.17847894132137299,
0.45164182782173157,
-0.005225293803960085,
0.044445112347602844,
0.040508292615413666,
0.11083168536424637,
0.5469365119934082,
0.6922767162322998,
0.047494955360889435,
0.27204254269599915,
0.14738009870052338,
0.8659341335296631,
-0.3295382261276245,
0.3226117789745331,
0.01869134232401848,
-0.5498934388160706,
0.4642943739891052,
0.3805306553840637,
-0.36006420850753784,
0.3302251398563385,
-0.38339442014694214,
0.6091183423995972,
0.08582643419504166,
0.07919390499591827,
-0.22641107439994812,
-0.775296151638031,
-0.14653053879737854,
0.5939687490463257,
-0.27885809540748596,
0.15724782645702362,
0.4797784686088562,
0.0039621563628315926,
-0.3003538250923157,
-0.7220193147659302,
-0.4330040216445923,
0.20424221456050873,
-0.4341617822647095,
0.14515896141529083,
0.15367795526981354,
0.6332882046699524,
0.14692552387714386,
-0.17796461284160614,
0.4413580596446991,
-0.34904831647872925,
-0.03424853831529617,
0.11435148864984512,
-0.20730875432491302,
0.3876018822193146,
-0.19765907526016235,
-0.31586694717407227,
0.7751734852790833,
0.17022307217121124,
0.05219264701008797,
-0.03205990418791771,
0.4748380184173584,
-0.06523431092500687,
-1.0928934812545776,
0.07387740164995193,
0.5847400426864624,
-0.42955461144447327,
-0.40875470638275146,
-0.12823696434497833,
0.0872291550040245,
0.44121983647346497,
-0.230251282453537,
0.5737636089324951,
0.14289475977420807,
0.013250276446342468,
-0.3339807987213135,
-0.40574905276298523,
0.966916561126709,
-0.1363520622253418,
0.06063038110733032,
-0.4878818988800049,
-0.5156129598617554,
-0.15892121195793152,
-0.04559527337551117,
0.07194668799638748,
-0.5014203786849976,
0.05985792726278305,
-0.09684357047080994,
-0.3478340804576874,
-0.40775948762893677,
-0.1095842570066452,
-0.47828489542007446,
-0.030741091817617416,
0.432229608297348,
-0.9200754165649414,
0.450281023979187,
0.16595906019210815,
-0.015653008595108986,
-0.18548916280269623,
0.271875262260437,
0.26968222856521606,
-0.3165947198867798,
0.29184263944625854,
-0.020327609032392502,
0.8886584043502808,
0.2525290250778198,
-0.3016482889652252,
-0.17637722194194794,
-0.249690979719162,
0.23618027567863464,
0.7007855176925659,
0.07444868236780167,
-0.4802404046058655,
0.29913070797920227,
-0.5647878050804138,
-0.19377437233924866,
-0.016949929296970367,
-0.5752782821655273,
-0.4182327389717102,
-0.3519192636013031,
0.03263969346880913,
0.5465051531791687,
0.4884037673473358,
-0.546895444393158,
-0.031048990786075592,
-0.847710907459259,
0.7631349563598633,
0.4192869961261749,
0.052897583693265915,
-0.08755695819854736,
-0.8012747764587402,
0.24883149564266205,
-0.09288708120584488,
0.8484064936637878,
-0.034155476838350296,
-0.2765001058578491,
0.21718212962150574,
-0.5917168855667114,
1.0271037817001343,
-0.4536032974720001,
0.06656010448932648,
0.04122713953256607,
-0.1158289983868599,
0.02163631096482277,
-0.29417550563812256,
1.1180787086486816,
-0.23174306750297546,
0.31736940145492554,
-0.0011081959819421172,
0.1276804655790329,
-0.08727339655160904,
-0.4228977859020233,
-0.45723217725753784,
0.6881235837936401,
-0.2551795244216919,
0.1336459219455719,
0.6101787090301514,
-0.6097974181175232,
0.19293253123760223,
-0.08615438640117645,
-5.0015645027160645,
0.5243365168571472,
0.00390812661498785,
-0.3981669545173645,
0.2955946624279022,
-0.5007349252700806,
0.35883644223213196,
-0.40850451588630676,
-0.328466534614563,
0.7274779677391052,
-0.06524387001991272,
-0.09959724545478821,
-0.5131360292434692,
0.7885541319847107,
0.38993775844573975,
0.8254427313804626,
0.7755199670791626,
-0.6403440237045288,
0.49840256571769714,
0.5429244637489319,
-0.29332226514816284,
0.24400565028190613,
-0.11056630313396454,
-0.46577543020248413,
0.44365790486335754,
0.7071247696876526,
-0.31052112579345703,
-0.7905280590057373,
0.046445153653621674,
0.09189800918102264,
-0.2822142541408539,
-0.19098278880119324,
-0.4064294695854187,
-0.2064731866121292,
0.2625415027141571,
-0.41609761118888855,
-0.1387481838464737,
0.12680794298648834,
-0.15575310587882996,
-0.4373522698879242,
0.385430246591568,
0.8036390542984009,
-0.9811622500419617,
-0.28247907757759094,
0.74488765001297,
-0.5482645630836487,
-0.6371462941169739,
-0.2681092321872711,
0.09586740285158157,
0.7591625452041626,
0.09612958133220673,
-0.3799857497215271,
0.9413092732429504,
-0.01156106311827898,
0.18611423671245575,
-0.07737244665622711,
0.6135579347610474,
-0.13307568430900574,
-0.49103912711143494,
0.9302676320075989,
-0.04294008016586304,
-0.7150100469589233,
-0.16950412094593048,
0.49607911705970764,
0.2412157654762268,
-0.13402412831783295,
0.017029276117682457,
-0.020900888368487358,
0.2600555419921875,
0.2622958719730377,
0.30357396602630615,
0.2515966594219208,
0.03668767958879471,
-0.5697805881500244,
0.21727922558784485,
0.02940678410232067,
-0.8247261047363281,
-0.6309858560562134,
-0.30601975321769714,
-0.3467257618904114,
0.010104577988386154,
0.3506929278373718,
0.6090131402015686,
0.5197506546974182,
0.03752842918038368,
-0.5168944597244263,
-0.044363200664520264,
0.5569217801094055,
-0.9154829382896423,
-0.48612597584724426,
0.227263405919075,
0.03775418922305107,
0.5355815887451172,
-0.12428418546915054,
-0.16843828558921814,
0.3575018644332886,
0.09600132703781128,
0.17388267815113068,
-0.04945351928472519,
-0.4122384488582611,
0.3505432605743408,
-0.47725358605384827,
-0.0385182648897171,
-0.1405327171087265,
-0.4531717002391815,
0.08257546275854111,
0.4352179765701294,
0.28465917706489563,
0.6866177320480347,
-0.05725304037332535,
-0.431511253118515,
-0.0069483136758208275,
-0.22146275639533997,
-0.15163308382034302,
0.7159328460693359,
-0.7870049476623535,
0.35434690117836,
0.3782353401184082,
0.41689324378967285,
-0.016281459480524063,
0.14599451422691345,
0.514651894569397,
-0.5390601754188538,
-0.19677017629146576,
-0.44112375378608704,
-0.3041974902153015,
0.7666469812393188,
-0.14365562796592712,
-0.4853571653366089,
0.5312650799751282,
-0.22517691552639008,
-0.052709098905324936,
-0.5093175768852234,
-0.3678508400917053,
-0.3075667917728424,
-0.21662256121635437,
-0.23147475719451904,
-0.8948045969009399,
0.0008160250727087259,
0.4171694815158844,
0.22332526743412018,
0.0029834674205631018,
-0.5750084519386292,
0.38609516620635986,
-0.34960299730300903,
-0.09238652139902115,
0.33615392446517944,
0.409067302942276,
-0.7926702499389648,
0.12087467312812805,
-0.5823761820793152,
-0.9084169864654541,
-0.2574062943458557,
-0.864213228225708,
0.11930276453495026,
0.11204899847507477,
0.7813127040863037,
0.03941300883889198,
0.7128096222877502,
-0.5526636838912964,
0.5840408205986023,
-0.1148078590631485,
-0.780139684677124,
0.7126162052154541,
0.1585550159215927,
-0.18735891580581665,
-0.29077884554862976,
0.021496744826436043,
-0.423396497964859,
0.17813807725906372,
0.6118373870849609,
-0.3523590564727783,
-0.21342790126800537,
-0.36801010370254517,
0.25017881393432617,
0.014725059270858765,
0.07732715457677841,
0.51851487159729,
-0.5261192917823792,
0.20900507271289825,
0.06701815128326416,
-0.3544171452522278,
-0.8843305110931396,
-0.007010983303189278,
-0.061153873801231384,
-0.636710524559021,
-0.04778026044368744,
-0.3015831410884857,
0.07880424708127975,
0.08239082247018814,
0.016117407009005547,
-0.525644063949585,
0.29523444175720215,
0.0908939465880394,
0.2334393858909607,
-0.4663451910018921,
0.5214574933052063,
-0.5119659304618835,
-0.06611201167106628,
-0.31108585000038147,
0.16177931427955627,
0.5840204358100891,
-0.05050181970000267,
0.559019923210144,
-0.03772713243961334,
-0.7894898653030396,
0.17497538030147552,
0.1557498574256897,
-0.5350101590156555,
1.254817008972168,
-0.4265628755092621,
-0.2837328016757965,
0.5443319082260132,
0.12638233602046967,
-0.5732611417770386,
-0.0483405739068985,
0.37403297424316406,
0.027088588103652,
-0.504356324672699,
0.2979108691215515,
-0.8121560215950012,
0.15282852947711945,
-0.13390445709228516,
-0.4782409369945526,
-0.4024205803871155,
0.5247188210487366,
0.26800256967544556,
-0.3794342875480652,
1.234926700592041,
-0.7897515296936035,
-0.5896692276000977,
0.23285141587257385,
0.04368986934423447,
0.19728410243988037,
-0.40531042218208313,
-0.5806764960289001,
0.20938526093959808,
-0.009231416508555412,
0.4808840751647949,
-0.19033122062683105,
0.44122055172920227,
0.699550211429596,
-0.04326752573251724,
-0.2149909883737564,
-0.2985832095146179,
-0.3157695233821869,
0.8903184533119202,
0.34791308641433716,
-1.055510401725769,
0.2199745774269104,
0.39683058857917786,
-0.33093535900115967,
-1.0281484127044678,
0.2134248912334442,
0.9215410351753235,
-0.03480818495154381,
0.2360394150018692,
0.8419792056083679,
-0.09117156267166138,
-0.1693120151758194,
0.39226195216178894,
-0.028681259602308273,
0.13176210224628448,
-0.30388230085372925,
0.5777998566627502,
-0.5299013257026672,
-0.23487749695777893,
-0.4183228611946106,
0.40644899010658264,
-0.05972163379192352,
-0.4074691832065582,
0.15721158683300018,
0.2287648320198059,
0.4889202415943146,
-0.45842835307121277,
0.2028551548719406,
-0.3952483534812927,
-0.8274986743927002,
0.20150627195835114,
0.7671478986740112,
-0.1690056473016739,
-0.5057199001312256,
-0.29106003046035767,
-0.0903303474187851,
0.06870181113481522,
-0.8303807377815247,
0.09016083925962448,
0.17558622360229492,
-0.5972522497177124,
-0.09230489283800125,
-0.18950001895427704,
-0.12547904253005981,
-0.00831211730837822,
-0.9437886476516724,
-0.2210758477449417,
0.6621596813201904,
-0.15443260967731476,
0.39610475301742554,
0.20265480875968933,
0.4882606565952301,
-1.4305713176727295,
0.4414443075656891,
-0.42382803559303284,
-0.38367870450019836,
0.38982731103897095,
-0.4024409353733063,
-0.4646890163421631,
-0.46144720911979675,
0.2691729664802551,
0.41756170988082886,
-0.3301362693309784,
-0.34466981887817383,
0.49854353070259094,
1.1234476566314697,
-0.7289875745773315,
0.44656845927238464,
0.7461263537406921,
-0.7365749478340149,
-0.195976123213768,
-0.07945015281438828,
-0.21856428682804108,
0.5912367701530457,
0.765264630317688,
0.9999955296516418,
-0.17859037220478058,
1.2883487939834595,
-0.31460800766944885,
0.5391772389411926,
-0.49336203932762146,
-0.2119148224592209,
0.1620689332485199,
-0.6613014340400696,
-0.7315949201583862,
0.6245707869529724,
-0.28706422448158264,
-0.5784205198287964,
-0.00005348785998648964,
-0.6205341219902039,
-0.815622866153717,
0.5283143520355225,
0.027671679854393005,
0.4280756711959839,
0.33440104126930237,
0.058347202837467194,
-0.3487452268600464,
-0.337230920791626,
0.07241830229759216,
0.09388423711061478,
-0.014038927853107452,
-0.7346410751342773,
0.32832959294319153,
0.1230882927775383,
-0.2883533835411072,
-0.10501920431852341,
-0.3537730276584625,
-0.04889209568500519,
0.9444476962089539,
-0.35536178946495056,
-0.9676408767700195,
-0.7668587565422058,
0.3034796416759491,
-0.05880293995141983,
0.7411227822303772,
0.19670957326889038,
-0.09886489063501358,
0.24836768209934235,
0.346142441034317,
0.5661356449127197,
-0.4291686713695526,
0.8418499231338501,
0.4275450110435486,
0.025268174707889557,
0.5393413305282593,
0.2910895049571991,
0.22071479260921478,
0.3324948251247406,
-0.2718140780925751,
0.7351076006889343,
-0.19261115789413452,
-0.03205828368663788,
0.23662671446800232,
0.0444253571331501,
-0.626952588558197,
-0.44900643825531006,
0.026803918182849884,
-0.2273736298084259,
-0.6093683242797852,
-0.15565693378448486,
0.38531896471977234,
-0.18120840191841125,
-0.10307624936103821,
0.0286228246986866,
-0.46315720677375793,
0.006001665256917477,
0.07994837313890457,
-0.0374431312084198,
0.4214405417442322,
0.8538986444473267,
0.4110505282878876,
0.5764942765235901,
0.7518855333328247,
-0.23190221190452576,
-0.36898279190063477,
-0.2773406505584717,
0.01642591506242752,
0.2258744090795517,
-0.48728519678115845,
0.854110836982727,
-0.8796802759170532,
0.46209248900413513,
-0.04129496589303017,
0.4210871756076813,
-0.2154216468334198,
0.851769745349884,
0.31045961380004883,
0.12215079367160797,
0.48738226294517517,
-0.5771786570549011,
-0.8816432952880859,
0.015593236312270164,
0.20281986892223358,
-0.20397412776947021,
0.29059574007987976,
0.7145810127258301,
0.06739334762096405,
-0.22751855850219727,
0.2446548044681549,
-0.540585994720459,
-0.5621274709701538,
-0.05805351585149765,
0.4873775243759155,
-1.3741464614868164,
-0.13488389551639557,
-0.31815123558044434,
-0.3940282464027405,
-0.0942726582288742,
0.1620107740163803,
1.4412428140640259,
0.6129581928253174,
-0.47525155544281006,
-0.2381579577922821,
-0.34018510580062866,
0.0570664182305336,
0.09142453968524933,
-1.4313154220581055,
0.2417086362838745,
-0.8413166403770447,
-0.7083204388618469,
-0.03723632171750069,
0.5669471025466919,
-0.6313115358352661,
-0.5032063126564026,
0.1796422302722931,
0.035296257585287094,
0.14935050904750824,
0.23764659464359283,
0.0016184441046789289,
-0.45519548654556274,
0.275269091129303,
-0.19682830572128296
]
|
128335 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norlina%2C%20North%20Carolina | Norlina, North Carolina | Norlina is a town in Warren County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 1,118 at the 2010 census.
Geography
Norlina is located at (36.444690, -78.194059).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , all land.
Demographics
2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 920 people, 537 households, and 266 families residing in the town.
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,107 people, 482 households, and 300 families residing in the town. The population density was 986.0 people per square mile (381.6/km). There were 534 housing units at an average density of 475.6 per square mile (184.1/km). The racial makeup of the town was 57.36% White, 41.46% African American, 0.09% Native American, 0.72% from other races, and 0.36% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.36% of the population.
There were 482 households, out of which 28.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 38.2% were married couples living together, 21.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.6% were non-families. 34.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.30 and the average family size was 2.96.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 24.4% under the age of 18, 9.4% from 18 to 24, 25.1% from 25 to 44, 21.7% from 45 to 64, and 19.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 83.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 77.0 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $25,300, and the median income for a family was $28,125. Males had a median income of $23,182 versus $21,354 for females. The per capita income for the town was $12,355. About 12.9% of families and 18.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 27.9% of those under age 18 and 23.4% of those age 65 or over.
History
Norlina was first called the "Ridgeway Junction" in 1837. As a railroad passed through this area, many citizens started to sell wood and water to the railroad. Eventually this began to expand, and in the 1860s the name changed to the "Woodyard". By the 1870s, the area had grown in business, and was referred to as the "Junction". The Seaboard & Raleigh Railroad had just been formed, and the "Junction" was now thriving with its business. A small community was formed, including two hardware stores, a horse drawn taxi service, and smithing shops. By 1900, John Williams established the Seaboard Air Line Railway and it grew to over 4,680 miles. This small group of people had turned the railway stop into a real town. In 1913 the name Norlina was coined, being a portmanteau of the beginning of "North" and the ending of "Carolina".
See also
Soul City, North Carolina
References
External links
Official website of Norlina, NC
Towns in North Carolina
Towns in Warren County, North Carolina | [
-0.824363648891449,
0.07751227170228958,
0.272926926612854,
-0.4907641112804413,
0.5126145482063293,
-0.07348071783781052,
0.8682215809822083,
0.5157179236412048,
-0.7019197344779968,
-0.21149712800979614,
-0.24593926966190338,
0.11400040239095688,
-0.5778895616531372,
0.9231070876121521,
-1.0051480531692505,
0.27659180760383606,
0.4378848075866699,
1.1466139554977417,
0.6146305799484253,
-0.6887226104736328,
-0.3343571126461029,
-0.36520206928253174,
0.056298449635505676,
0.384680837392807,
0.40612006187438965,
0.39926642179489136,
0.4712549149990082,
-0.2775355279445648,
-0.2692296504974365,
0.2743038535118103,
0.013608556240797043,
0.9196963906288147,
-0.4144778847694397,
-0.008772186003625393,
0.20192238688468933,
0.21745747327804565,
-0.2371765375137329,
0.05962400883436203,
-0.24704156816005707,
-0.15449406206607819,
-0.7831111550331116,
0.168715238571167,
-0.07124637067317963,
0.11610420048236847,
0.28726881742477417,
-0.6366872191429138,
-1.4818830490112305,
0.6288500428199768,
-0.9525427222251892,
-0.4923989176750183,
-0.8600497841835022,
-0.4048842787742615,
-0.022891633212566376,
0.46241724491119385,
0.2574348449707031,
0.3108139634132385,
-0.13768699765205383,
0.47544533014297485,
0.7455423474311829,
0.2395591139793396,
0.05969889461994171,
0.44035741686820984,
0.11535779386758804,
-0.23339712619781494,
0.38901573419570923,
-0.11691543459892273,
0.06345058232545853,
0.9003593921661377,
-0.03989282622933388,
-0.3231831192970276,
0.3339347541332245,
0.42372941970825195,
0.024145077913999557,
0.048174697905778885,
0.0656258761882782,
0.4330551028251648,
-0.031556226313114166,
-0.3014795184135437,
-0.06797267496585846,
0.0855637639760971,
0.2528362274169922,
-0.025483321398496628,
1.031854510307312,
-0.11494870483875275,
0.531446099281311,
-0.020311709493398666,
-1.2921966314315796,
0.5460739731788635,
0.10594235360622406,
0.38845035433769226,
-0.6951723694801331,
0.02663094364106655,
-0.2883531451225281,
-0.23458349704742432,
-0.1621406525373459,
0.08213339745998383,
0.12755443155765533,
0.28031468391418457,
-0.18801556527614594,
0.4667908251285553,
-0.6688857078552246,
0.5964392423629761,
1.1245592832565308,
-0.3749139606952667,
-0.1203361377120018,
-0.3308650851249695,
-0.6829811930656433,
-0.28968894481658936,
0.12273097783327103,
-0.17774997651576996,
-0.6588676571846008,
0.3371061086654663,
-0.28204619884490967,
-0.7067015767097473,
-0.513818085193634,
0.9775866866111755,
0.45706504583358765,
-0.1570356786251068,
-0.010049941949546337,
-0.3950773775577545,
0.3260124623775482,
0.7091079950332642,
-0.5562993884086609,
0.34773480892181396,
0.11808502674102783,
0.3630100190639496,
-0.11403787136077881,
-0.10047683119773865,
0.10879756510257721,
0.6134400367736816,
-0.35095247626304626,
0.7196977138519287,
-0.3608644902706146,
0.5523045659065247,
-0.21794582903385162,
-0.10251668840646744,
-0.15305498242378235,
0.4266805946826935,
0.9223082661628723,
-0.03269282728433609,
-0.9192176461219788,
0.20915333926677704,
-0.5768226981163025,
-0.08633048087358475,
0.1006188690662384,
-0.2437293827533722,
-0.19319945573806763,
-0.19420108199119568,
-0.4000502824783325,
-0.2591884732246399,
-0.03185074403882027,
0.29445892572402954,
0.27010512351989746,
0.3482118844985962,
-0.08576484769582748,
0.4848596751689911,
0.44633543491363525,
0.026891326531767845,
0.5314943194389343,
0.39580339193344116,
0.34279629588127136,
0.8270900249481201,
0.7554850578308105,
0.339375376701355,
0.689478874206543,
0.13805410265922546,
0.8337662220001221,
-0.007251142058521509,
0.8572023510932922,
0.06911993771791458,
-0.3125341534614563,
0.1474222093820572,
0.7085937857627869,
-0.5856320261955261,
0.5482131242752075,
-0.347262978553772,
0.6697834134101868,
-0.050200968980789185,
-0.22315242886543274,
-0.23552864789962769,
-0.907986044883728,
0.4830058813095093,
0.2804648280143738,
-0.01752079464495182,
-0.09813413769006729,
0.6132352948188782,
0.3484344780445099,
-0.37043413519859314,
-0.6902796030044556,
-0.8242548704147339,
-0.05294547602534294,
-0.6441807746887207,
0.8285313248634338,
0.07849198579788208,
0.39825135469436646,
0.6251115202903748,
-0.12741176784038544,
0.6695248484611511,
-0.4033720791339874,
0.07886948436498642,
0.043729398399591446,
-0.07865045219659805,
0.6939153671264648,
-0.21919530630111694,
0.3399384021759033,
0.6387171745300293,
0.4338393211364746,
-0.1722453534603119,
0.19147911667823792,
0.5284405946731567,
-0.05120272561907768,
-1.1206469535827637,
-0.17110201716423035,
0.8719627857208252,
-0.7009947896003723,
-0.7201932072639465,
-0.08179282397031784,
-0.09856005012989044,
0.6052480936050415,
-0.04947113245725632,
0.3962651789188385,
0.31019678711891174,
0.1798771321773529,
-0.32508713006973267,
-0.0003174841986037791,
0.6892051696777344,
0.1849219799041748,
0.13398274779319763,
-0.2471005767583847,
0.3045129179954529,
0.1439017504453659,
0.18368597328662872,
0.15620577335357666,
-0.6089714765548706,
-0.031172867864370346,
-0.5206859111785889,
0.20574186742305756,
-0.5324594378471375,
0.38361576199531555,
-0.371163010597229,
-0.32565367221832275,
0.3958418071269989,
-0.7438351511955261,
0.7948759198188782,
0.04075676575303078,
0.5211681723594666,
0.07738611102104187,
-0.0699194148182869,
0.7932747006416321,
-0.5704542994499207,
0.14871834218502045,
0.5874088406562805,
0.519554853439331,
-0.35649797320365906,
0.15529175102710724,
0.04230359196662903,
-0.3694024085998535,
0.39360901713371277,
0.779000997543335,
0.04465528577566147,
-0.286079466342926,
0.34626102447509766,
-0.402359277009964,
-0.1811717450618744,
0.18054600059986115,
-0.7928032875061035,
-0.7386366128921509,
-0.37583956122398376,
0.2588837444782257,
0.46340590715408325,
0.5442191958427429,
-0.5029302835464478,
-0.025437520816922188,
-0.5627060532569885,
0.5429191589355469,
0.47376149892807007,
-0.1116449311375618,
-0.58308345079422,
-0.8662265539169312,
-0.49700817465782166,
0.11711368709802628,
1.350038766860962,
-0.22556771337985992,
-0.48450297117233276,
-0.1389806866645813,
-0.5891462564468384,
1.2916796207427979,
-0.5189118981361389,
0.03424607217311859,
-0.43125227093696594,
-0.6560379862785339,
0.0270273108035326,
0.02873770147562027,
1.2579346895217896,
-0.46601513028144836,
0.030869467183947563,
0.16443616151809692,
0.22809170186519623,
0.05941645801067352,
-0.5702103972434998,
-0.885108470916748,
0.18651077151298523,
-0.4498652517795563,
0.5085803866386414,
0.18009346723556519,
-0.2415599226951599,
0.09968676418066025,
0.1019352525472641,
-4.7121405601501465,
0.031143343076109886,
-0.37727829813957214,
-0.24741694331169128,
0.17380714416503906,
-0.6179174780845642,
0.2281407117843628,
-0.2031247764825821,
-0.20635662972927094,
0.6497473120689392,
0.07943349331617355,
0.035519279539585114,
-0.338543176651001,
0.8829668164253235,
0.5631998777389526,
0.10351955145597458,
0.48010489344596863,
-0.4146694540977478,
0.5650228261947632,
0.46027007699012756,
-0.8499429225921631,
0.08577368408441544,
0.07582186162471771,
-0.39462095499038696,
0.4606286883354187,
0.8294562101364136,
0.01913856342434883,
-0.6848481297492981,
-0.6059753894805908,
-0.12162211537361145,
0.34581929445266724,
0.12733817100524902,
-0.8172488808631897,
-0.0961572527885437,
-0.08882316201925278,
-0.4128693640232086,
-0.007192248944193125,
-0.2892189919948578,
0.1907077133655548,
-0.33335384726524353,
0.49818891286849976,
0.7133253812789917,
-0.6293019652366638,
-0.0075654867105185986,
0.7823609709739685,
-0.2770535945892334,
-0.587800145149231,
-0.28461191058158875,
0.21136534214019775,
1.038934350013733,
0.36576443910598755,
-0.25695985555648804,
0.8962100148200989,
-0.27180638909339905,
0.5017391443252563,
-0.24491539597511292,
0.581063449382782,
-0.5158683061599731,
-0.41458624601364136,
0.8055111765861511,
0.13796287775039673,
-0.9663174748420715,
-0.17477697134017944,
0.06873319298028946,
-0.19155600666999817,
-0.16691617667675018,
0.3950957655906677,
-0.2267082780599594,
0.35394906997680664,
-0.21187300980091095,
0.48970866203308105,
0.6351768970489502,
-0.5727056860923767,
-0.6864446401596069,
-0.0019702326972037554,
-0.5676581263542175,
-0.5734530091285706,
-0.3964310586452484,
-0.6450638771057129,
-0.5018236041069031,
0.18900750577449799,
0.33709779381752014,
0.2727949321269989,
0.4378807842731476,
0.18238887190818787,
-0.29180896282196045,
0.47857430577278137,
0.11780580133199692,
-0.89217209815979,
-0.5385634303092957,
0.3924325108528137,
0.1696561872959137,
0.5081942081451416,
-0.16547636687755585,
-0.17247645556926727,
0.6707445979118347,
0.207500159740448,
0.4378330707550049,
-0.2685393989086151,
-0.5649921298027039,
0.41693827509880066,
-0.41197070479393005,
0.029846642166376114,
-0.1776171177625656,
-0.5928298234939575,
0.11785145848989487,
-0.08419669419527054,
0.18424412608146667,
0.28439438343048096,
-0.6478257775306702,
-0.29496005177497864,
-0.12130356580018997,
-0.18704646825790405,
0.22919635474681854,
0.6741071939468384,
-0.18102099001407623,
0.11549199372529984,
0.8831755518913269,
0.17797327041625977,
-0.06071840226650238,
0.6775229573249817,
0.05152324587106705,
-0.5093011260032654,
0.06311463564634323,
-0.16323240101337433,
-0.4563978910446167,
0.7391736507415771,
0.1980363130569458,
-0.5546918511390686,
0.5881351232528687,
-0.20239616930484772,
-0.10576871782541275,
-0.5407624244689941,
-0.4865648150444031,
-0.29188230633735657,
-0.2579166889190674,
-1.2054129838943481,
-0.905405580997467,
0.003369837999343872,
0.5570226907730103,
0.6205435395240784,
-0.10286916792392731,
-0.6994308233261108,
0.3826415240764618,
-0.6054213643074036,
-0.12137042731046677,
0.4815083146095276,
-0.1428782045841217,
-1.0326966047286987,
0.5039151310920715,
-0.46532467007637024,
-0.8847132921218872,
-0.5304490923881531,
-1.0882344245910645,
0.07287314534187317,
-0.30554822087287903,
0.8478811979293823,
0.23704956471920013,
0.5656824111938477,
-0.26799285411834717,
-0.18092404305934906,
0.0023476602509617805,
-0.16110193729400635,
1.000625491142273,
-0.11992834508419037,
-0.2293369621038437,
-0.4587634205818176,
0.03466159477829933,
-0.9327661395072937,
-0.02878500521183014,
0.31607940793037415,
-0.5116141438484192,
-0.1481359899044037,
-0.23861946165561676,
0.4446415603160858,
-0.29544442892074585,
0.1685589998960495,
0.46250638365745544,
-0.33281049132347107,
-0.3036034405231476,
-0.18826435506343842,
-0.1643165796995163,
-1.1988401412963867,
0.04669123515486717,
0.27642688155174255,
-0.49325260519981384,
-0.1424555629491806,
-0.39633968472480774,
0.30733028054237366,
0.18156316876411438,
0.18237845599651337,
-0.2932751476764679,
0.10607306659221649,
-0.291462779045105,
-0.3680647611618042,
-0.5767434239387512,
0.3329509496688843,
-0.5283896327018738,
-0.1622680425643921,
-0.36295509338378906,
0.6532161235809326,
0.2859085500240326,
-0.2285025417804718,
0.2677886486053467,
-0.3841809630393982,
-1.2989859580993652,
0.3875735104084015,
0.7663387656211853,
-1.2671175003051758,
1.1347448825836182,
0.16597609221935272,
-0.5309068560600281,
0.658264696598053,
0.3475770354270935,
-0.4173487722873688,
0.2881624400615692,
0.4070222079753876,
0.09739436954259872,
-0.7225375771522522,
0.10175982117652893,
-0.7491358518600464,
-0.06485958397388458,
0.24611780047416687,
-0.731347382068634,
-0.5232015252113342,
0.38132554292678833,
0.11768920719623566,
-0.5781146287918091,
1.5112875699996948,
-0.7643272280693054,
-0.3226528465747833,
0.08757320791482925,
0.218742236495018,
0.16491948068141937,
0.1849386841058731,
-0.09151583164930344,
-0.2653525471687317,
-0.5044462084770203,
0.15433920919895172,
0.029328320175409317,
0.4933813810348511,
0.8330070972442627,
0.23725014925003052,
-0.4447997510433197,
-0.8528674840927124,
-0.3432423174381256,
0.6496078372001648,
0.004826445132493973,
-1.2087444067001343,
0.5996162295341492,
0.9954566955566406,
-0.08664839714765549,
-0.930651843547821,
0.4201729893684387,
1.4095767736434937,
-0.22773852944374084,
0.5116353631019592,
0.42055433988571167,
-0.3405993580818176,
0.08351041376590729,
0.15214990079402924,
0.14809411764144897,
0.13652893900871277,
0.12217343598604202,
0.720998227596283,
-0.31581610441207886,
-0.28914421796798706,
-0.5913474559783936,
0.4655999541282654,
-0.12068735063076019,
-0.4843389391899109,
0.05311090871691704,
0.3464903235435486,
0.08490772545337677,
-0.7393102049827576,
0.5631405711174011,
0.017671804875135422,
-0.6916601657867432,
0.09512762725353241,
0.16990116238594055,
-0.19328266382217407,
-0.26972588896751404,
-0.3529050350189209,
-0.27221786975860596,
-0.024645671248435974,
-0.6896591782569885,
-0.17204290628433228,
0.11240992695093155,
-0.4427804946899414,
-0.12057723104953766,
-0.22627080976963043,
0.16345980763435364,
0.2701735496520996,
-0.5950435400009155,
-0.37271448969841003,
0.4004431664943695,
0.005842441227287054,
0.4306580722332001,
-0.43006187677383423,
0.08849569410085678,
-1.2341543436050415,
0.38942259550094604,
-0.4900968074798584,
-0.6269123554229736,
0.5422863364219666,
-0.06628909707069397,
-0.4242745041847229,
-0.6895148754119873,
0.08942635357379913,
0.055992864072322845,
0.18822655081748962,
-0.04223619028925896,
0.15241459012031555,
0.9365561008453369,
-0.6293187141418457,
0.6356474757194519,
0.5727824568748474,
-0.4176870584487915,
-0.08552533388137817,
0.2859010696411133,
-0.2820616662502289,
0.12550576031208038,
0.4133090078830719,
0.7603316307067871,
0.006295767147094011,
1.0859065055847168,
0.0003575828450266272,
0.46704980731010437,
-0.31734955310821533,
0.1760709434747696,
-0.052335478365421295,
-0.6156697273254395,
-0.44610396027565,
0.4712856113910675,
-0.6688047051429749,
-0.553729772567749,
-0.0680808275938034,
-0.558878481388092,
-1.0111485719680786,
0.47851091623306274,
-0.4723198115825653,
0.13982146978378296,
0.13217292726039886,
-0.05204948037862778,
0.02750728465616703,
-0.3266559839248657,
-0.023523326963186264,
0.21728673577308655,
-0.00568784074857831,
-0.8393018245697021,
-0.005602943245321512,
-0.238641619682312,
-0.1901528537273407,
-0.07482971251010895,
-0.5264406800270081,
-0.34422287344932556,
0.5268033146858215,
-0.5825590491294861,
-0.964727520942688,
-0.42769888043403625,
-0.09073295444250107,
-0.17310068011283875,
1.1049989461898804,
0.5116742849349976,
0.12134155631065369,
-0.4883476197719574,
0.3769073188304901,
0.560802698135376,
-0.6291685700416565,
1.0852503776550293,
0.3468259274959564,
-0.2037641406059265,
0.17935991287231445,
0.7479583621025085,
0.369710236787796,
0.6317597031593323,
-0.32881826162338257,
0.4973607659339905,
-0.014285219833254814,
-0.13699187338352203,
-0.6088219285011292,
0.3798289895057678,
-0.07960285991430283,
-0.2696639895439148,
0.1252024620771408,
-0.5712445974349976,
-0.4339432120323181,
-0.08318901807069778,
0.1964178830385208,
-0.42625391483306885,
-0.33195987343788147,
-0.006536267232149839,
-0.5712572932243347,
0.3121505379676819,
-0.0005653844564221799,
0.10103269666433334,
0.21217744052410126,
0.6506059765815735,
0.5992572903633118,
0.015982504934072495,
0.7706936597824097,
0.3838949501514435,
-0.0468662790954113,
-0.24083660542964935,
0.1163468137383461,
0.6349740624427795,
-0.6673639416694641,
0.9911929368972778,
-0.6470680236816406,
0.43197911977767944,
-0.5221128463745117,
0.8607668876647949,
-0.11467058956623077,
1.2278133630752563,
0.1297813355922699,
0.08538705855607986,
0.3947935700416565,
0.023477604612708092,
-0.3357662260532379,
0.2160293310880661,
-0.0809130072593689,
0.042971156537532806,
0.27296650409698486,
0.2564087212085724,
-0.17932695150375366,
-0.22789226472377777,
-0.530401885509491,
-0.10960452258586884,
-0.508175790309906,
0.07070143520832062,
0.2803441286087036,
-1.056199073791504,
-0.03434912860393524,
-0.23309767246246338,
-0.2933448553085327,
-0.32851600646972656,
-0.4435083866119385,
0.7767937183380127,
0.862152099609375,
-0.41807955503463745,
-0.10970879346132278,
0.0319426953792572,
0.1257307380437851,
-0.08666727691888809,
-0.5732366442680359,
0.007836067117750645,
-0.9700379371643066,
-0.6903396844863892,
-0.2720949351787567,
0.28820765018463135,
-0.3612583875656128,
-0.21119235455989838,
0.0729009211063385,
-0.14144910871982574,
0.1410731077194214,
-0.02644423395395279,
-0.13675794005393982,
-0.230091854929924,
0.4489453434944153,
0.11343897134065628
]
|
128337 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creswell%2C%20North%20Carolina | Creswell, North Carolina | Creswell is a town in Washington County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 276 at the 2010 census.
Geography
Creswell is located at (35.870190, -76.393791).
The town is located in the North Carolina Inner Banks on the north-central portion of the Albemarle-Pamlico Peninsula, and along the western edge of the southern portions of the Scuppernong River.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , all land.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 278 people, 118 households, and 86 families residing in the town. The population density was 666.0 people per square mile (255.6/km2). There were 141 housing units at an average density of 337.8 per square mile (129.6/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 50.00% White, 39.93% African American, 0.36% Native American, 0.36% Asian, 1.80% Pacific Islander, 4.68% from other races, and 2.88% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.83% of the population.
There were 118 households, out of which 28.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.7% were married couples living together, 27.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.1% were non-families. 24.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.36 and the average family size was 2.77.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 22.3% under the age of 18, 10.4% from 18 to 24, 19.1% from 25 to 44, 24.1% from 45 to 64, and 24.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 78.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 77.0 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $20,833, and the median income for a family was $23,750. Males had a median income of $25,000 versus $16,500 for females. The per capita income for the town was $11,769. About 18.3% of families and 26.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 41.1% of those under the age of eighteen and 20.3% of those 65 or over.
History
Creswell was incorporated in 1874, and named for John Angel James Creswell, the United States Postmaster General at that time. The structures in downtown Creswell are some of North Carolina's best remaining examples of downtown architecture from the late 19th century.
The Belgrade and St. David's Church, Creswell Historic District, Davenport House, and Somerset Place State Historic Site are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Transportation
Highways and roads
The town can be accessed from the east or west by U.S. Highway 64, and from the north or south by North Carolina Highway 94.
Creswell is within of these destinations:
- Columbia
- Edenton
- Plymouth
- Williamston
- Elizabeth City
- Manteo
- Nags Head
- Washington
- Greenville
- Norfolk, Virginia
- Virginia Beach, Virginia
- Raleigh
- Richmond, Virginia
- Durham
- Wilmington
- Greensboro
- Winston-Salem
- Myrtle Beach, South Carolina
- Washington, D.C.
- Roanoke, Virginia
- Dover, Delaware
- Charlotte
- Baltimore, Maryland
- Atlantic City, New Jersey
Airports
Air travel is best served through the Norfolk International Airport (ORF) in Norfolk, Virginia or the Pitt-Greenville Airport (PGV) in Greenville, North Carolina
Politics
Town government
The Mayor of Creswell is Edwin Ray Blount.
Elected members to the Town Council:
Syble J. Spruill
Gerald Woodley
Ron Ambrose
J. D. Melton
State government
Creswell is served in the North Carolina General Assembly by State Senator Stan White (Democrat) and State Representative Tim Spear (Democrat).
Federal government
The town is also served in the United States Congress by U.S. Senator Richard Burr (Republican), U.S. Senator Kay Hagan (Democrat) and U.S. Representative G. K. Butterfield (Democrat).
Recent issues
The Town of Creswell is aligned with a group called North Carolinians Opposed to the Outlying Landing Field. This group opposes a United States Navy proposal to construct an outlying landing field near the Pocosin Lakes National Wildlife Refuge in Washington County.
Attractions
Gravesite of J. Johnston Pettigrew - famous Civil War general who lived in the area
Somerset Place - former plantation home that now operates as a state historic site
Pettigrew State Park
Lake Phelps
Albemarle Sound
Pocosin Lakes National Wildlife Refuge
Davenport Homestead
The town symbol, an artesian well hand-pump, can be found on Main Street in heart of downtown.
Notable people
Ebenezer Pettigrew - US House of Representatives to the 24th Congress
Elmo Langley - race car driver and owner, NASCAR pace car driver
J. Johnston Pettigrew - Confederate general, author and representative to the South Carolina legislature
Education
Creswell Elementary School
Creswell High School
Pocosin Innovative Charter
Media
Newspaper
Creswell is served by the weekly Roanoke Beacon newspaper from Plymouth,, North Carolina, and the daily Washington Daily News from Washington, North Carolina.
Television
Creswell is part of the GreenvilleβWashingtonβNew BernβMorehead City market, which is the 107th largest in 2006, according to Nielsen Media Research. Broadcast television stations serving the market include:
WUND-TV the (2) Columbia PBS affiliate, (part of the UNC-TV Network)
WITN-TV the (7) Washington/Greenville/New Bern NBC affiliate
WFXI-TV the (8) Morehead City Fox affiliate
WNCT-TV the (9) Greenville CBS affiliate
WCTI-TV the (12) New Bern ABC affiliate
References
Towns in North Carolina
Towns in Washington County, North Carolina
Populated places established in 1874
1874 establishments in North Carolina | [
-0.6485719084739685,
0.6583938598632812,
0.3813331425189972,
-0.4191775619983673,
0.5248991250991821,
0.4011008143424988,
0.8582536578178406,
0.8467615246772766,
-0.9203380346298218,
-0.02631993591785431,
-0.23522767424583435,
0.34659886360168457,
-0.7075117230415344,
1.075423240661621,
-0.6518387198448181,
0.427548885345459,
0.152419313788414,
0.7703686356544495,
0.3987976312637329,
-0.7997480630874634,
0.13152313232421875,
-0.4324881434440613,
0.5221206545829773,
0.4891901910305023,
0.11857309937477112,
0.08121272176504135,
0.41411063075065613,
-0.258783221244812,
0.05203093960881233,
-0.018967973068356514,
-0.08171053230762482,
0.9391831159591675,
-0.4461389183998108,
0.04177192971110344,
0.3255867660045624,
-0.0887962281703949,
0.016706300899386406,
0.2912704646587372,
0.4934665262699127,
-0.0638149082660675,
-0.5424244403839111,
0.13389122486114502,
-0.20898562669754028,
0.1656782329082489,
0.5221691727638245,
-0.7424975633621216,
-1.2143596410751343,
0.19677700102329254,
-0.8427974581718445,
-1.1387293338775635,
-0.850357711315155,
0.5237652063369751,
0.09625916928052902,
0.5786572098731995,
0.2969381809234619,
0.09294219315052032,
-0.28931674361228943,
0.37773871421813965,
1.3326361179351807,
0.4780314266681671,
0.004409070126712322,
0.50711989402771,
0.19797863066196442,
0.23204782605171204,
-0.14360572397708893,
-0.03215714916586876,
-0.13012945652008057,
0.8856581449508667,
-0.2135990560054779,
-0.02945997565984726,
-0.39911988377571106,
0.12656590342521667,
0.020230595022439957,
0.06604558229446411,
0.19091668725013733,
0.9000645279884338,
-0.18068182468414307,
-0.012611249461770058,
-0.14059193432331085,
-0.11295436322689056,
0.5740154981613159,
-0.07018468528985977,
0.7059649229049683,
0.15191474556922913,
0.3954170048236847,
0.6109560132026672,
-0.9648114442825317,
0.27558401226997375,
0.29685845971107483,
0.5316886305809021,
-0.7256922721862793,
0.2820877432823181,
-0.3738928437232971,
-0.2587722837924957,
-0.17038697004318237,
0.18047337234020233,
-0.044589538127183914,
0.2659273147583008,
-0.206421360373497,
0.5987486243247986,
-0.3911718726158142,
0.3276479244232178,
1.1240925788879395,
-0.22417263686656952,
-0.2220088541507721,
0.02677265740931034,
-0.7329867482185364,
0.003744744695723057,
0.35621941089630127,
-0.7050232887268066,
-0.8242925405502319,
0.36897122859954834,
-0.4313887357711792,
-0.6820253133773804,
-0.47208020091056824,
0.5128793120384216,
0.3915616571903229,
-0.6815319061279297,
-0.015914443880319595,
0.02706119790673256,
-0.1085735335946083,
0.6355331540107727,
-0.4994116723537445,
0.5852533578872681,
-0.09056480973958969,
0.3939075767993927,
0.3586907684803009,
-0.24013227224349976,
0.031417373567819595,
1.0911705493927002,
-0.49946877360343933,
0.6582685708999634,
0.0038981677498668432,
0.17913973331451416,
-0.4182162880897522,
-0.12811818718910217,
0.06518823653459549,
0.14200671017169952,
0.7159426212310791,
0.5559180974960327,
-0.34420061111450195,
-0.23817485570907593,
-0.8711693286895752,
-0.0496290884912014,
-0.11148388683795929,
-0.16211946308612823,
-0.08281790465116501,
-0.346801221370697,
0.1015942320227623,
0.3816989064216614,
0.22513814270496368,
0.4826667010784149,
0.3807273209095001,
0.34199345111846924,
-0.4660658836364746,
0.15506528317928314,
0.399832159280777,
0.15660594403743744,
0.28362739086151123,
0.3217560648918152,
-0.21523088216781616,
0.6437625288963318,
0.7289541959762573,
0.46619147062301636,
0.24984291195869446,
0.33583834767341614,
0.9058806896209717,
-0.5332297682762146,
0.31971943378448486,
0.3440549373626709,
-0.5302047729492188,
0.47306910157203674,
0.5915685296058655,
-0.5835294723510742,
0.2516251504421234,
-0.5078825354576111,
1.3123960494995117,
-0.01581582985818386,
0.03433667868375778,
-0.16043485701084137,
-0.8530049324035645,
0.3242464065551758,
0.41311976313591003,
0.0016107327537611127,
-0.5520634055137634,
0.4666823446750641,
0.5901315212249756,
-0.4862971007823944,
-0.5719894170761108,
-0.3891269266605377,
0.18739952147006989,
-0.5016908049583435,
0.5747585892677307,
-0.18774551153182983,
0.9957180619239807,
0.3059384822845459,
-0.29173585772514343,
0.15363608300685883,
-0.6473461985588074,
-0.10748383402824402,
0.29183870553970337,
-0.44047442078590393,
0.26853978633880615,
-0.2486868053674698,
-0.3134671747684479,
0.6583500504493713,
0.04418085142970085,
-0.23684284090995789,
0.04408557713031769,
-0.018623923882842064,
0.08928754180669785,
-0.9080606698989868,
-0.5387348532676697,
0.3701382577419281,
-0.4844581186771393,
-0.7664723992347717,
-0.02684553526341915,
-0.1424345225095749,
0.10625352710485458,
-0.3359123170375824,
0.5951459407806396,
-0.24671630561351776,
-0.08274892717599869,
-0.2993055284023285,
-0.2982484698295593,
0.7600295543670654,
-0.09914177656173706,
0.19061881303787231,
-0.8243654370307922,
-0.3548007905483246,
0.3498573899269104,
0.15816357731819153,
0.32421499490737915,
-0.5736421346664429,
-0.08077117055654526,
-0.041075244545936584,
-0.4070196747779846,
-0.6818070411682129,
-0.0009481688612140715,
-0.63974529504776,
-0.42568278312683105,
0.6756329536437988,
-0.8770692944526672,
0.3527972996234894,
0.12273147702217102,
0.05365576967597008,
-0.22684930264949799,
0.08786310255527496,
0.14555814862251282,
-0.7313199639320374,
-0.21286360919475555,
0.21401821076869965,
0.4916297197341919,
0.26358580589294434,
0.012882697395980358,
0.030315076932311058,
0.04161164164543152,
0.6294807195663452,
0.3931870758533478,
0.3658101260662079,
-0.19918005168437958,
0.16136255860328674,
-0.4270087778568268,
0.22343607246875763,
-0.08417168259620667,
-0.6065294742584229,
-0.330909788608551,
-0.4822029769420624,
-0.06288420408964157,
0.4740842878818512,
0.35795652866363525,
-0.929451048374176,
0.3192688822746277,
-0.667612612247467,
0.8881078362464905,
0.43211808800697327,
0.13406270742416382,
-0.2097475826740265,
-1.080964207649231,
0.358165979385376,
-0.07223367691040039,
1.2546708583831787,
-0.36261311173439026,
0.10907749086618423,
0.3826214373111725,
-0.8202350735664368,
0.9403565526008606,
-0.47707852721214294,
-0.11254162341356277,
-0.10118696093559265,
-0.10559592396020889,
0.5605059266090393,
-0.29660460352897644,
0.8627036809921265,
-0.45267412066459656,
0.4572141766548157,
-0.04263540357351303,
0.1264866143465042,
0.1991051435470581,
-0.171835258603096,
-0.7651039958000183,
0.46407440304756165,
-0.5305061340332031,
0.6390239000320435,
0.1992788314819336,
-0.6448618173599243,
-0.04030608758330345,
-0.05107426270842552,
-4.445830345153809,
0.3810046315193176,
-0.2882252335548401,
-0.39546042680740356,
0.5442896485328674,
-0.3215728998184204,
0.4144669473171234,
-0.2352842092514038,
-0.3008475601673126,
0.9859920144081116,
0.18772922456264496,
-0.1773725152015686,
-0.3875869810581207,
0.889057457447052,
0.7020730376243591,
0.5739590525627136,
0.653732180595398,
-0.2481154352426529,
0.6242920160293579,
0.2372046560049057,
-0.6664367914199829,
0.106040820479393,
-0.013201904483139515,
-0.3444065749645233,
0.6931252479553223,
0.8216810822486877,
-0.29932641983032227,
-0.60452800989151,
-0.19778405129909515,
0.2068328708410263,
0.18123647570610046,
-0.17081871628761292,
-0.7878174781799316,
-0.3678155541419983,
-0.12549768388271332,
-0.5156444907188416,
-0.07103917747735977,
0.041524503380060196,
-0.011871382594108582,
-0.5215474367141724,
0.36006098985671997,
0.7423245906829834,
-1.4113284349441528,
-0.28261691331863403,
0.9949179291725159,
-0.2292359471321106,
-0.5779021382331848,
0.09951791167259216,
-0.10520903766155243,
1.1628801822662354,
-0.07580544799566269,
-0.4948282539844513,
1.0689289569854736,
-0.3018394410610199,
0.8153334259986877,
0.09233974665403366,
0.7113492488861084,
-0.028055189177393913,
-0.46735236048698425,
0.8185231685638428,
-0.0874522402882576,
-0.9430129528045654,
-0.3131336271762848,
0.1595759093761444,
-0.15906807780265808,
-0.6451375484466553,
0.06426942348480225,
-0.006260688882321119,
0.08525487035512924,
-0.3207007050514221,
0.3327886760234833,
0.33485352993011475,
0.049084823578596115,
-0.5098662972450256,
0.22101172804832458,
-0.5661717653274536,
-0.3307984471321106,
-0.09749507904052734,
-0.539013147354126,
-0.06202055886387825,
0.022545229643583298,
0.49948084354400635,
0.3526496887207031,
0.5064253807067871,
0.1676466166973114,
-0.08774153888225555,
-0.3738026022911072,
0.16002826392650604,
-0.7816951274871826,
-0.8137598633766174,
0.32903674244880676,
-0.09936206787824631,
0.4812309443950653,
-0.08614760637283325,
0.3476404547691345,
0.39044326543807983,
0.4731887876987457,
-0.08076206594705582,
-0.559878945350647,
-0.8578158617019653,
0.278497576713562,
-0.5140647888183594,
-0.11224539577960968,
-0.39956581592559814,
-0.5095321536064148,
0.09587717056274414,
0.2294391691684723,
0.49001991748809814,
0.5616971254348755,
-0.3049251437187195,
-0.6159399747848511,
0.09581508487462997,
-0.31306537985801697,
-0.37522804737091064,
0.33050820231437683,
-0.5516726970672607,
0.2378065586090088,
0.4709441065788269,
0.3498135209083557,
0.377048522233963,
0.10838141292333603,
0.2361598163843155,
-0.0771947056055069,
-0.8968109488487244,
-0.6783703565597534,
-0.3149600923061371,
1.1354689598083496,
-0.06989395618438721,
-0.7618170976638794,
0.2654314637184143,
-0.6063727140426636,
-0.07972140610218048,
-0.9095693230628967,
-0.38270556926727295,
0.004827331285923719,
-0.24563194811344147,
-0.22657981514930725,
-0.859556257724762,
0.060838330537080765,
0.7003992795944214,
0.5666742920875549,
-0.015761276707053185,
-0.8965789675712585,
0.31267669796943665,
-0.08420789241790771,
-0.05167911574244499,
0.5842136740684509,
0.46252673864364624,
-0.9397709369659424,
0.3862636089324951,
-0.5248816013336182,
-0.7037187218666077,
-0.7899362444877625,
-1.0127952098846436,
0.40214723348617554,
-0.29438430070877075,
0.7375430464744568,
0.4419923424720764,
0.45834699273109436,
-0.8536108732223511,
0.39953842759132385,
0.35434114933013916,
-0.9557009935379028,
0.8270681500434875,
0.009807795286178589,
-0.5041132569313049,
-0.4401678144931793,
0.3448852002620697,
-0.7048149108886719,
0.20982424914836884,
0.5940354466438293,
-0.5046454668045044,
-0.28337207436561584,
-0.3365901708602905,
0.12922291457653046,
-0.17522688210010529,
-0.0272735133767128,
0.4960697293281555,
0.13201172649860382,
0.0760604739189148,
-0.23084492981433868,
0.08870412409305573,
-1.0526304244995117,
-0.5842183232307434,
0.1908043473958969,
-0.4119269549846649,
-0.2181408405303955,
-0.3180680274963379,
0.40350010991096497,
-0.1214386373758316,
0.31297212839126587,
-0.6788360476493835,
0.30629900097846985,
0.06582088023424149,
0.18482759594917297,
-0.6187335252761841,
0.3600049614906311,
-0.608443021774292,
-0.07614945620298386,
-0.5948255062103271,
0.3648435175418854,
0.5286956429481506,
-0.333411306142807,
0.46099764108657837,
-0.005820546764880419,
-1.1544404029846191,
0.29679813981056213,
0.5942409038543701,
-0.8097267150878906,
1.6250039339065552,
-0.3376788794994354,
-0.7775460481643677,
0.6804513931274414,
0.7318769097328186,
-0.40871989727020264,
0.026059772819280624,
0.3440465033054352,
0.2726615071296692,
-0.4960802495479584,
0.031104885041713715,
-0.5406776666641235,
-0.05462758615612984,
-0.21387067437171936,
-0.4661902189254761,
-0.5746715664863586,
0.48975491523742676,
0.27494457364082336,
-0.3988211750984192,
1.2035868167877197,
-0.8841493129730225,
-0.19493699073791504,
0.14037558436393738,
0.3861387073993683,
0.34639227390289307,
-0.02960079349577427,
-0.055482570081949234,
-0.15300323069095612,
-0.6580709218978882,
0.303785502910614,
-0.1480357050895691,
0.10247994214296341,
0.575643002986908,
0.3884285092353821,
-0.48748981952667236,
-0.4773431122303009,
0.07057549804449081,
1.082085132598877,
0.3708513081073761,
-1.019851565361023,
0.4734141230583191,
0.6896401643753052,
-0.2907613217830658,
-1.196228265762329,
0.33436843752861023,
1.078778862953186,
0.2787274718284607,
0.18252544105052948,
0.7417989373207092,
0.18421825766563416,
-0.21797005832195282,
0.11159839481115341,
-0.1741228550672531,
0.013922247104346752,
-0.2230996936559677,
0.4334897994995117,
-0.3148643672466278,
-0.0043687764555215836,
-0.15112926065921783,
0.4311683475971222,
-0.18502698838710785,
-0.6556383371353149,
-0.11705806106328964,
0.03249432519078255,
0.3955037295818329,
-1.0073219537734985,
0.41977766156196594,
-0.2260362058877945,
-1.1152431964874268,
-0.012231874279677868,
0.5263570547103882,
-0.3394905924797058,
-0.4877375066280365,
-0.28127673268318176,
0.0902385488152504,
0.3557230830192566,
-1.017168641090393,
0.1612703651189804,
0.17863644659519196,
-0.20648141205310822,
0.05806727334856987,
-0.44873183965682983,
0.3633440434932709,
-0.08630547672510147,
-0.8447203636169434,
-0.1758514791727066,
0.458726704120636,
-0.14083676040172577,
0.35760703682899475,
-0.1783422976732254,
0.3247576653957367,
-1.520599365234375,
0.7098818421363831,
-0.3109646439552307,
-0.3862498104572296,
0.8276053667068481,
-0.4942467212677002,
-0.7466028928756714,
-0.5536424517631531,
0.5245338678359985,
0.4320046603679657,
-0.33567774295806885,
-0.5487446188926697,
0.5273866057395935,
0.9745782017707825,
-0.3307218551635742,
0.08826355636119843,
0.5100054740905762,
-1.0069209337234497,
-0.44343671202659607,
0.270962119102478,
-0.32356712222099304,
0.5144177675247192,
0.8486219644546509,
0.7793338298797607,
0.0540471151471138,
1.420620083808899,
-0.24213437736034393,
0.524559497833252,
-0.5392469763755798,
-0.15992265939712524,
0.135221466422081,
-0.9886863231658936,
-0.764659583568573,
0.2609194815158844,
-0.2578586935997009,
-0.4656918942928314,
-0.20559538900852203,
-0.2998204529285431,
-0.7270559668540955,
0.644848108291626,
-0.08988393843173981,
0.14711430668830872,
0.4614850878715515,
-0.13145537674427032,
-0.19619308412075043,
-0.46811234951019287,
-0.24589161574840546,
0.49551495909690857,
0.26904311776161194,
-0.9979715347290039,
0.1755208522081375,
0.07894424349069595,
-0.2762719690799713,
-0.481313019990921,
-0.4788992404937744,
-0.02877689339220524,
0.8316547274589539,
-0.24214719235897064,
-0.9845201969146729,
-0.6316338181495667,
0.19272474944591522,
-0.27936896681785583,
1.0087286233901978,
0.26461657881736755,
0.13257677853107452,
0.34498170018196106,
0.3333105444908142,
0.42345309257507324,
-0.5070546269416809,
1.1256089210510254,
0.2824668288230896,
0.21095015108585358,
0.5637500882148743,
0.6598894596099854,
-0.040520284324884415,
0.26008227467536926,
-0.2765749990940094,
0.6982822418212891,
-0.09694240242242813,
0.01521884836256504,
0.07694326341152191,
-0.3136500418186188,
-0.2674601972103119,
-0.381094366312027,
0.2515956461429596,
-0.19335168600082397,
-0.2876044809818268,
-0.17960944771766663,
0.332170307636261,
-0.4202493131160736,
-0.2036968171596527,
0.08847515285015106,
-0.10918494313955307,
0.3049856424331665,
-0.16664662957191467,
0.0328083373606205,
0.3448338210582733,
0.7115742564201355,
0.6070963740348816,
0.631043553352356,
0.7419821619987488,
-0.0881696343421936,
-0.513305127620697,
-0.316308856010437,
-0.2883490324020386,
0.2258916199207306,
-0.8385266661643982,
0.7030167579650879,
-0.7286654114723206,
0.3759652078151703,
-0.014949643984436989,
0.6110548973083496,
-0.10728580504655838,
0.7367703914642334,
-0.2029554545879364,
0.07146035134792328,
0.2998485267162323,
-0.248463973402977,
-0.5677124857902527,
0.10353776812553406,
-0.10841915756464005,
0.011986778117716312,
0.45251771807670593,
0.4944554567337036,
0.25348031520843506,
-0.3456496298313141,
-0.008536412380635738,
-0.4579930007457733,
-0.45820507407188416,
-0.21724283695220947,
-0.027633124962449074,
-1.1946090459823608,
0.027092942968010902,
-0.07621632516384125,
-0.31663376092910767,
-0.10047142952680588,
-0.07846695184707642,
1.0533045530319214,
0.5156448483467102,
-0.5717241764068604,
-0.25913408398628235,
-0.317241907119751,
0.09373252093791962,
0.1470673382282257,
-0.9860826134681702,
0.10980020463466644,
-0.8864822387695312,
-0.8768782019615173,
-0.0624241940677166,
0.4262222349643707,
-0.37060999870300293,
-0.9091474413871765,
0.44123613834381104,
-0.20917116105556488,
0.3018192946910858,
0.20806024968624115,
-0.3589875400066376,
-0.42339619994163513,
0.42929425835609436,
-0.12483979761600494
]
|
128338 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plymouth%2C%20North%20Carolina | Plymouth, North Carolina | Plymouth is the largest town in Washington County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 3,878 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Washington County. Plymouth is located on the Roanoke River about seven miles (11Β km) upriver from its mouth into the Albemarle Sound in North Carolina's Inner Banks region.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town of Plymouth has a total area of , of which is land and 0.26% is water.
Climate
Demographics
2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 3,320 people, 1,522 households, and 678 families residing in the town.
2010 census
As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 3,878 people living in the town. The racial makeup of the town was 68.3% Black, 28.9% White, 0.4% Native American, 0.4% Asian, 0.1% from some other race and 0.9% of two or more races. 1.2% were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 4,107 people, 1,623 households, and 1,119 families living in the town. The population density was 1,061.7 people per square mile (409.7/km). There were 1,829 housing units at an average density of 472.8/sqΒ mi (182.5/km). The racial makeup of the town was 35.04% White, 63.09% African American, 0.02% Native American, 0.61% Asian, 0.73% from other races, and 0.51% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.31% of the population.
There were 1,623 households, out of which 33.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.1% were married couples living together, 27.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.0% were non-families. 28.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.43 and the average family size was 2.99.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 28.6% under the age of 18, 7.5% from 18 to 24, 23.0% from 25 to 44, 23.1% from 45 to 64, and 17.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 77.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 71.0 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $17,281, and the median income for a family was $26,800. Males had a median income of $26,352 versus $17,350 for females. The per capita income for the town was $12,067. About 30.8% of families and 37.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 54.3% of those under age 18 and 28.8% of those age 65 or over.
History
The Moratuc tribe of American Indians was living in a large settlement on Welch Creek near the current Domtar pulp mill site in 1585 when the area was explored by English settlers. Moratuc was an Indian name for the Roanoke River. The Moratuc were probably an Algonquian tribe, but there is debate that they may have been Iroquois.
Plymouth was established in 1787 by Arthur Rhodes on of his Brick House plantation he subdivided into 172 lots. Note that "Brickhouse" is a common local patronym. In 1790, the North Carolina General Assembly named Plymouth a "port of delivery" and in 1808 it was named a "port of entry". The county seat of Washington County was moved to Plymouth from Lee's Mill, as Roper, North Carolina, was then known, by special act of the General Assembly on January 31, 1823. A new courthouse was completed by November 1824 on the same site where the present courthouse stands. It stood until 1862 when it caught fire and burned to the ground from a shell fired by a Union gunboat during bombardment of Plymouth.
Plymouth has the historical distinction of being the site of the second-largest battle in North Carolina and its last Confederate victory, the Battle of Plymouth (1864), during the American Civil War. The Confederate ironclad warship CSS Albemarle β and its eventual sinking on October 27, 1864 while moored at a dock in Plymouth β are the centerpieces of this history.
Beginning early in the war and for its remainder, the Union controlled the Albemarle and Pamlico Sounds. The geographical importance for the Northern forces of Plymouth's location at the mouth of the Roanoke River was the Union desire to push upriver and capture the vital Wilmington and Weldon Railroad line passing through Weldon, North Carolina, which would completely cut off the major supply line for General Robert E. Lee's army in Virginia from more southerly ports. This would essentially end all support for Lee's forces and force his defeat or retreat from Virginia.
Fort Branch, located upriver at Hamilton, successfully blocked the Union gunboats and troops sailing upstream from Plymouth at the river bend called Rainbow Branch. The fort held until April 10, 1865, one day after General Lee surrendered at Appomattox Courthouse, Virginia, at which point it was abandoned and its cannons were hurled into the Roanoke River. Thus, the war histories of Fort Branch and Plymouth are intimately connected.
The Port O'Plymouth History Museum, located in the circa 1923 former Atlantic Coast Line Railroad station in downtown Plymouth, has an excellent, nationally recognized collection of Civil War artifacts, including one of the most complete belt-buckle and button collections in the U.S. and a model of the ironclad ram CSS Albemarle.
The Garrett's Island House, Latham House, Perry-Spruill House, Plymouth Historic District, and Washington County Courthouse are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Economy
The primary industry for the area is Domtar Paper Company, LLC., a paper manufacturer. The paper mill and its related facilities have been the largest employer since 1937. It was owned by Kieckhefer Container Company (John W. Kieckhefer) which was merged into Weyerhauser in 1957. In March 2007, Weyerhauser sold its paper interests to Domtar. The paper mill is now a Domtar papermill, while the onsite sawmill is still owned by Weyerhauser. In October 2009, Domtar announced the end of paper machine operations, and the mill will be converted to produce fluff pulp alone, with a 33% workforce reduction to about 360 employees.
The town is re-branding itself as a tourist destination to offset the reduction in paper-making employment, taking advantage of its natural environment, being surrounded by tracts of forests and swamplands. A riverfront boardwalk has been built, with views of the Roanoke River. Plymouth is home to the North Carolina Black Bear Festival, an annual three-day event at the beginning of June centered around bears.
Education
Pines Elementary School
Plymouth High School
Pocosin Innovative Charter
Washington County Middle School
Washington County Early College High School
Notable people
Aaron Anderson (1811β1886), sailor
Charles Bowser (born 1959), former NFL player
Don Brown (born 1960), author, attorney, former naval officer
Augustin Daly (1838β1899), Playwright, drama critic, theatrical owner and manager
Louis C. Latham (1840β1895), member of the United States House of Representatives
Jacklyn H. Lucas (1928β2008), marine and Medal of Honor recipient
Lowes Moore (born 1957), basketball player
Rodney Purvis (born 1994), basketball player
Reddy Rowe (1887β1966), football and baseball player and coach
J. B. Smoove (born 1965), actor and comedian
Frederick W. Wurster (1850β1917), Mayor of Brooklyn (1896β1897)
References
External links
Towns in Washington County, North Carolina
Towns in North Carolina
County seats in North Carolina
Populated places established in 1787
Historic Albemarle Tour
1787 establishments in North Carolina | [
-0.4671176075935364,
0.5388098955154419,
0.014583523385226727,
-0.13901051878929138,
0.3598804771900177,
0.47660741209983826,
0.1517477184534073,
0.7814406752586365,
-0.7134371995925903,
-0.28405117988586426,
-0.4289509654045105,
0.3480169475078583,
-0.04385516420006752,
1.1728724241256714,
-0.7513424158096313,
1.0272326469421387,
0.09609732031822205,
0.415181964635849,
-0.18825092911720276,
-0.22124651074409485,
0.12879154086112976,
-0.010222365148365498,
0.22873961925506592,
0.4323301911354065,
0.2746228575706482,
0.2560853362083435,
0.8718372583389282,
-0.06511493772268295,
-0.1919279247522354,
0.022655462846159935,
-0.4173164963722229,
0.2049708217382431,
-0.44708195328712463,
0.1549864262342453,
0.39730867743492126,
-0.35492652654647827,
0.06921258568763733,
-0.050667040050029755,
-0.1478429138660431,
-0.3826577663421631,
-0.20605257153511047,
-0.3353264033794403,
0.12599609792232513,
-0.07851085066795349,
-0.12699617445468903,
-0.1392175555229187,
-1.3699675798416138,
0.06742548197507858,
-0.8925662040710449,
-1.0159491300582886,
-0.4500044882297516,
0.49961820244789124,
-0.07940748333930969,
0.827664852142334,
0.8031957149505615,
-0.0691908597946167,
-0.6829248070716858,
-0.29018843173980713,
1.0887967348098755,
0.8298816680908203,
0.10282134264707565,
0.8949115872383118,
-0.4757362902164459,
0.49721747636795044,
-0.149518221616745,
-0.13400258123874664,
0.07827003300189972,
0.704682469367981,
-0.4749874472618103,
-0.7106478214263916,
-0.5547937750816345,
-0.47993892431259155,
-0.1266547441482544,
-0.12064311653375626,
0.06643383204936981,
0.5618962645530701,
-0.2845163345336914,
-0.4005039930343628,
0.20182983577251434,
-0.1835700273513794,
0.20474164187908173,
0.16176865994930267,
0.870827317237854,
-0.2709295451641083,
0.688454806804657,
0.6152703166007996,
-0.522484302520752,
0.39913472533226013,
0.057417310774326324,
1.24395751953125,
-0.26238900423049927,
-0.05443643033504486,
-0.041976746171712875,
0.2547655403614044,
0.006700834725052118,
-0.4608882963657379,
-0.32807984948158264,
0.6303575038909912,
-0.2678905427455902,
0.639815092086792,
-0.4565878212451935,
0.5663460493087769,
0.8056741952896118,
0.008089295588433743,
-0.10831327736377716,
0.1585121601819992,
-0.3167780339717865,
-0.09131041169166565,
0.09157446771860123,
-0.029238877817988396,
-0.1427362710237503,
0.12808635830879211,
0.2391267567873001,
-0.37936004996299744,
-0.45619186758995056,
0.17111298441886902,
0.18924963474273682,
-0.689129114151001,
-0.2342238873243332,
-0.14622189104557037,
0.4059470295906067,
0.7328414916992188,
-0.1493103802204132,
-0.1310398131608963,
0.07472800463438034,
0.22488293051719666,
0.20963868498802185,
0.17163576185703278,
-0.016193846240639687,
0.06905297935009003,
-0.30848056077957153,
0.4619555175304413,
-0.05001154541969299,
0.22618985176086426,
0.0321115143597126,
-0.21450397372245789,
-0.06651095300912857,
0.08161738514900208,
0.5887080430984497,
0.16156010329723358,
-0.8096601963043213,
0.07190509885549545,
-0.60355544090271,
0.008584211580455303,
0.026181088760495186,
-0.5369949340820312,
-0.4600526988506317,
-0.11769434809684753,
-0.10539300739765167,
0.5750461220741272,
-0.05425114184617996,
0.5041092038154602,
0.13758951425552368,
-0.056212667375802994,
-0.12717023491859436,
-0.28989195823669434,
0.7817466259002686,
0.20604658126831055,
0.2191256582736969,
0.39231163263320923,
-0.8391269445419312,
0.5723797678947449,
0.9065428972244263,
0.19015339016914368,
0.30546364188194275,
0.3333776593208313,
1.1364357471466064,
-0.6807671189308167,
0.27661827206611633,
0.14019633829593658,
-0.7484371066093445,
0.6767538785934448,
0.8535262942314148,
-0.21512900292873383,
-0.1988307386636734,
-0.30649641156196594,
1.4295774698257446,
0.17328564822673798,
0.1546040177345276,
-0.1209767758846283,
-0.616067111492157,
0.14907124638557434,
0.5271167755126953,
-0.19892896711826324,
-0.37761184573173523,
-0.0800807997584343,
0.22849613428115845,
-0.02288849838078022,
-0.447472482919693,
-0.26197516918182373,
0.43819400668144226,
-0.13825179636478424,
0.058737579733133316,
-0.09258989244699478,
0.7036677598953247,
0.16170640289783478,
-0.7422088384628296,
0.44127172231674194,
-0.052197378128767014,
0.5368934273719788,
-0.021777665242552757,
-0.26799291372299194,
0.3527829945087433,
-0.26687178015708923,
-0.27735504508018494,
0.4560829699039459,
0.12416110187768936,
0.08218810707330704,
0.26752859354019165,
0.5531373023986816,
-0.12552250921726227,
-0.9708293080329895,
0.1691664159297943,
0.49064743518829346,
-0.4991017282009125,
-0.6954403519630432,
0.08308491855859756,
-0.4702995717525482,
0.28231313824653625,
-0.34816524386405945,
0.33335691690444946,
0.04292795807123184,
-0.00022639492817688733,
-0.1762828677892685,
-0.030901137739419937,
0.5520387887954712,
-0.5285378694534302,
-0.12033165991306305,
-0.6227098107337952,
0.2797178328037262,
-0.04650169983506203,
-0.13932497799396515,
-0.035392068326473236,
-0.7096658945083618,
-0.21669858694076538,
-0.013203952461481094,
-0.41010522842407227,
-0.6492494344711304,
0.4122339189052582,
-0.23821182548999786,
-0.19380199909210205,
0.3811057507991791,
-0.6875935196876526,
0.1943735033273697,
0.16804181039333344,
0.09843850880861282,
-0.24860714375972748,
0.15116968750953674,
-0.2663107216358185,
-0.2512708008289337,
-0.18048124015331268,
-0.32765889167785645,
0.34255659580230713,
0.5396292805671692,
0.17197959125041962,
-0.4162132441997528,
-0.426297128200531,
0.34955114126205444,
0.4610237181186676,
0.39238032698631287,
-0.5341902375221252,
-0.19543145596981049,
-0.23629914224147797,
-0.20185694098472595,
-0.03073093667626381,
-0.3368075489997864,
-0.4436318874359131,
-0.07073917984962463,
-0.157244011759758,
0.522977888584137,
-0.04761403799057007,
-0.45273682475090027,
0.37473204731941223,
-0.2566308081150055,
0.5276947617530823,
0.4795495569705963,
0.04202602803707123,
-0.07929961383342743,
-0.8023807406425476,
0.24099431931972504,
0.22707277536392212,
0.7352898120880127,
-0.2487829476594925,
-0.7074885368347168,
0.29952502250671387,
-1.1394155025482178,
1.104952335357666,
-0.790600597858429,
-0.46732306480407715,
0.15127357840538025,
-0.3398944139480591,
-0.25654980540275574,
-0.09446948766708374,
0.6341838240623474,
-0.08191318809986115,
0.43275028467178345,
0.28885510563850403,
-0.29191407561302185,
-0.18496651947498322,
-0.2626931965351105,
-0.575782299041748,
0.3511694073677063,
-0.39093679189682007,
0.1366041600704193,
0.5309654474258423,
-0.9992405772209167,
0.28635936975479126,
-0.6577219367027283,
-5.040616512298584,
0.6224110126495361,
-0.26795583963394165,
-0.09759358316659927,
0.5710233449935913,
-0.25341880321502686,
0.40756893157958984,
-0.16629759967327118,
-0.1628832072019577,
0.5798361301422119,
0.3696553111076355,
-0.21931970119476318,
-0.5071489214897156,
0.6476194858551025,
0.5673222541809082,
0.7482969760894775,
1.1700711250305176,
-0.29288366436958313,
0.5825616121292114,
0.19176961481571198,
-0.03806447982788086,
-0.0228984784334898,
-0.28215089440345764,
0.010270608589053154,
0.6849310398101807,
0.8530654311180115,
0.16011349856853485,
-0.21777531504631042,
-0.13410739600658417,
0.5165983438491821,
-0.04747461527585983,
0.05351512134075165,
-0.7915854454040527,
-0.2562784254550934,
0.4060573875904083,
-0.1930064558982849,
0.08709660917520523,
-0.2943054735660553,
0.5147829651832581,
-0.7382565140724182,
0.6976275444030762,
0.7024810314178467,
-0.3469291925430298,
-0.5333137512207031,
0.6350551843643188,
-0.6453837156295776,
-0.23143018782138824,
0.4002295732498169,
-0.32995060086250305,
0.5586196184158325,
0.28991082310676575,
-0.4620325565338135,
0.6174907684326172,
0.32235339283943176,
0.7005831003189087,
-0.5340925455093384,
0.5908527970314026,
-0.08987712860107422,
-0.5178303122520447,
0.7598295211791992,
-0.30398276448249817,
-0.5686836838722229,
-0.665635883808136,
0.3831343948841095,
-0.1310742348432541,
-0.45520952343940735,
-0.057358402758836746,
0.3294227123260498,
0.39302894473075867,
0.22042037546634674,
-0.2772679626941681,
-0.17823262512683868,
-0.21531745791435242,
-0.4424911439418793,
0.0690903291106224,
-0.4525333046913147,
-0.819595217704773,
0.08726339042186737,
-0.748780369758606,
0.20513372123241425,
-0.32271823287010193,
0.1514517068862915,
0.5374438762664795,
0.7687227129936218,
-0.08253809809684753,
-0.3225312829017639,
-0.484110027551651,
0.6211878657341003,
-0.3953602910041809,
-0.3532690107822418,
0.17134737968444824,
0.16985726356506348,
0.2900027930736542,
-0.19283677637577057,
-0.47106143832206726,
-0.11931226402521133,
0.19669143855571747,
0.21906569600105286,
-0.1319153606891632,
-0.35825100541114807,
1.0427846908569336,
-0.29796475172042847,
0.3036653399467468,
-0.08405141532421112,
-0.30616262555122375,
-0.1212635263800621,
0.11384598165750504,
0.3875160813331604,
1.1083766222000122,
-0.10057198256254196,
-0.4400440752506256,
-0.008063788525760174,
-0.11590809375047684,
-0.030094893649220467,
0.3654567003250122,
-0.4937150478363037,
-0.16671159863471985,
0.6279931664466858,
-0.04973309114575386,
0.03085063025355339,
0.052557531744241714,
0.011735633946955204,
-0.7747546434402466,
-0.47990670800209045,
-0.3792985677719116,
-0.2901327311992645,
0.41002920269966125,
0.12109781801700592,
-0.6383780837059021,
0.7497428059577942,
-0.30435407161712646,
-0.3189951777458191,
-0.5305432081222534,
0.15142576396465302,
-0.4585641324520111,
-0.1296108514070511,
-0.469123512506485,
-0.8772364854812622,
-0.2959878444671631,
0.4973486065864563,
0.39488285779953003,
0.10959785431623459,
0.11745260655879974,
0.041676297783851624,
0.032063812017440796,
-0.25095751881599426,
0.5800748467445374,
0.25144097208976746,
-0.9030515551567078,
0.2037905603647232,
-0.20972058176994324,
-0.19826878607273102,
-0.5355849266052246,
-0.42108291387557983,
0.4271931052207947,
0.16825810074806213,
-0.012318549677729607,
0.3728463649749756,
0.5014005303382874,
-0.23087047040462494,
0.18550510704517365,
0.2891634702682495,
-0.6165596842765808,
0.31349602341651917,
0.5654184222221375,
-0.549496591091156,
-0.4744783043861389,
0.328176349401474,
-0.24972616136074066,
0.20369917154312134,
0.7097920179367065,
-0.45655855536460876,
-0.5755940079689026,
-0.5168973207473755,
0.5424919724464417,
0.07189857959747314,
0.14142756164073944,
0.3154934048652649,
-0.25908681750297546,
-0.2311905324459076,
-0.11642733216285706,
-0.2580386996269226,
-0.4440058171749115,
-0.16574612259864807,
-0.021663276478648186,
-0.6110532879829407,
-0.1866239756345749,
-0.15416185557842255,
0.16541817784309387,
-0.43563804030418396,
-0.18677794933319092,
-0.5656930208206177,
0.2970103323459625,
0.2564568817615509,
-0.12917080521583557,
-0.2969035804271698,
0.9785699844360352,
-0.14945289492607117,
-0.3584667146205902,
-0.365617960691452,
-0.0619979165494442,
0.7222650647163391,
-0.6638001203536987,
0.4051024913787842,
0.11682751029729843,
-0.9632371068000793,
0.7855545878410339,
0.19334442913532257,
-0.5320988893508911,
1.2455089092254639,
-0.5023953318595886,
-0.4130322337150574,
0.729934811592102,
0.4595080614089966,
-0.014113756828010082,
-0.23850810527801514,
0.46236589550971985,
-0.3810271620750427,
-0.15934103727340698,
-0.28352490067481995,
-0.520512580871582,
-0.09651130437850952,
0.11842622607946396,
-0.561116099357605,
-0.21104341745376587,
0.10763730108737946,
0.3859323263168335,
-0.6264671087265015,
0.8223689794540405,
-0.8346126079559326,
0.0016533106099814177,
-0.43280839920043945,
-0.2535078823566437,
0.11594808846712112,
0.382377952337265,
-0.011047713458538055,
-0.12426463514566422,
-0.7768499851226807,
0.07840864360332489,
-0.2211359590291977,
0.46106481552124023,
0.6291659474372864,
0.11018919199705124,
-0.323248952627182,
-0.4621041417121887,
0.014285117387771606,
0.991550862789154,
-0.1472204476594925,
-1.1689667701721191,
0.8763991594314575,
-0.03676660731434822,
-0.7320817708969116,
-1.2526684999465942,
0.10477503389120102,
0.9544708132743835,
-0.8510577082633972,
-0.2885667085647583,
0.6779220104217529,
-0.11096297204494476,
0.01270231045782566,
0.42580270767211914,
-0.11939459294080734,
0.16426539421081543,
-0.1744728684425354,
0.19995291531085968,
-0.6529455780982971,
-0.43221864104270935,
-0.4264450669288635,
0.46198171377182007,
-0.38025638461112976,
-0.05643058940768242,
0.07243990898132324,
0.09570387750864029,
0.14224334061145782,
-0.449546217918396,
0.023447111248970032,
-0.159824937582016,
-0.8402279615402222,
0.3037711977958679,
0.4003584384918213,
-0.08982060104608536,
-0.062024105340242386,
-0.18204447627067566,
-0.31989794969558716,
0.4610464870929718,
-0.7973061800003052,
-0.2772822976112366,
-0.1727222055196762,
-0.23239967226982117,
0.2365119457244873,
-0.24885205924510956,
-0.10026172548532486,
-0.2958974540233612,
-0.8428411483764648,
-0.5880649089813232,
0.7178481221199036,
0.18331706523895264,
0.6571637392044067,
0.186065673828125,
0.5383229851722717,
-1.3485766649246216,
1.273380994796753,
-0.3005210757255554,
-1.0983927249908447,
0.3765954077243805,
-0.3117668330669403,
-0.6529222726821899,
-0.15908890962600708,
0.4826716482639313,
-0.12351679056882858,
0.015887219458818436,
-0.03592602536082268,
0.3434712588787079,
1.2497113943099976,
-0.2339848279953003,
-0.036369118839502335,
0.9377334117889404,
-0.5074673295021057,
-0.47910863161087036,
0.42805856466293335,
-0.6458233594894409,
0.07379547506570816,
0.5156446695327759,
0.6076476573944092,
0.048093996942043304,
1.1615010499954224,
-0.3069864809513092,
0.06478241086006165,
-0.6670177578926086,
0.016899192705750465,
0.3013252913951874,
-1.0455515384674072,
-0.9103319644927979,
0.1390542834997177,
0.01652095653116703,
-0.38220030069351196,
0.06890678405761719,
-0.6293522119522095,
-0.851207971572876,
0.4035260081291199,
0.1290920525789261,
0.0409463495016098,
0.18322116136550903,
0.20883376896381378,
-0.06548310816287994,
-0.5042586326599121,
0.39815855026245117,
-0.02106880024075508,
0.09718120098114014,
-0.33753180503845215,
0.5383907556533813,
-0.4049430191516876,
0.08234082907438278,
-0.28355395793914795,
-0.1732761263847351,
-0.45496222376823425,
0.5731876492500305,
-0.2622310221195221,
-0.8166856169700623,
-0.02836834080517292,
-0.02973209321498871,
0.24445493519306183,
0.6923673748970032,
-0.004255511332303286,
-0.27157875895500183,
0.015943631529808044,
1.2095756530761719,
0.39121177792549133,
-0.31323176622390747,
1.0328770875930786,
0.5120360851287842,
0.5436481237411499,
0.32861825823783875,
0.28660160303115845,
0.3108726441860199,
0.42039763927459717,
-0.07764604687690735,
0.4726065993309021,
-0.2599799335002899,
0.21976669132709503,
-0.165646031498909,
-0.7863458395004272,
-0.28109949827194214,
-0.27314484119415283,
0.02244662679731846,
0.11614566296339035,
0.07307155430316925,
0.07632224261760712,
-0.4296899437904358,
0.01462605595588684,
0.07890935242176056,
0.07597298920154572,
-0.5662618279457092,
0.4066433310508728,
-0.46042320132255554,
-0.2737727165222168,
0.151732936501503,
0.6268211603164673,
0.17338280379772186,
0.6382805705070496,
0.6493443250656128,
0.47270217537879944,
-0.322085440158844,
0.005493067670613527,
-0.08689279854297638,
0.17195816338062286,
-0.460970938205719,
0.5668379068374634,
-1.0920848846435547,
0.2995283007621765,
0.4096911549568176,
0.8480142951011658,
-0.22420121729373932,
0.5327595472335815,
-0.6898486018180847,
-0.4987186789512634,
1.0476598739624023,
0.1446930319070816,
-0.40345820784568787,
-0.3778071999549866,
0.4577837288379669,
-0.19809740781784058,
-0.02876169979572296,
0.6914522647857666,
0.07849642634391785,
-0.6168585419654846,
0.39645907282829285,
-0.2509220242500305,
-0.7791589498519897,
0.18626169860363007,
-0.23309369385242462,
-0.9490929841995239,
-0.01419579517096281,
0.2361968457698822,
-0.37516987323760986,
-0.5031641125679016,
-0.375638872385025,
0.8208064436912537,
0.5309454202651978,
-0.578792154788971,
-0.3493328392505646,
-0.2801995873451233,
-0.3972598910331726,
0.05646685138344765,
-0.13410937786102295,
0.09543320536613464,
-0.7404571175575256,
-0.38016393780708313,
-0.0009116515866480768,
0.7867103815078735,
-0.2957746982574463,
-0.46105125546455383,
0.19795353710651398,
0.44400691986083984,
0.5359551906585693,
-0.13338911533355713,
0.03127511590719223,
-0.606400728225708,
0.44361862540245056,
0.027377070859074593
]
|
128339 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roper%2C%20North%20Carolina | Roper, North Carolina | Roper is a town in Washington County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 611 at the 2010 census. It was known as Lee's Mill (named for Thomas Lee) until 1890, when the John L. Roper Lumber Company was established in the town and its name changed to Roper.
Geography
Roper is located at (35.875877, -76.614905).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , all land.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 613 people, 238 households, and 165 families residing in the town. The population density was 706.9 people per square mile (272.0/km). There were 268 housing units at an average density of 309.0 per square mile (118.9/km). The racial makeup of the town was 20.55% White, 75.20% African American, 3.43% from other races, and 0.82% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.06% of the population.
There were 238 households, of which 31.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.0% were married couples living together, 28.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.3% were not families. About 29.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.58 and the average family size was 3.16.
In the town, the population was distributed as 29.2% under the age of 18, 7.8% from 18 to 24, 23.2% from 25 to 44, 23.3% from 45 to 64, and 16.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 75.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 66.9 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $20,694, and the median income for a family was $25,938. Males had a median income of $19,821 versus $18,846 for females. The per capita income for the town was $14,736. About 26.1% of families and 27.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 31.5% of those under age 18 and 29.8% of those age 65 or over.
References
Modlin, Betsy Burgess Lucas et al. "My Home is Washington County, North Carolina"
Towns in Washington County, North Carolina
Towns in North Carolina | [
-0.9538173675537109,
0.42847105860710144,
0.1500900834798813,
-0.6671112775802612,
0.3476611375808716,
0.18267470598220825,
1.2250314950942993,
0.1032903790473938,
-0.7376134395599365,
0.32931143045425415,
-0.10562193393707275,
0.2734610140323639,
-0.6194168329238892,
0.6600276827812195,
-1.0818692445755005,
0.20596927404403687,
0.16411176323890686,
0.3723510205745697,
0.2712368667125702,
-0.8977090716362,
-0.21817347407341003,
-0.5999161601066589,
0.12124530225992203,
0.35733935236930847,
0.3131428062915802,
0.2564204931259155,
-0.1553637981414795,
-0.14510303735733032,
0.13915903866291046,
0.114339180290699,
-0.02753046154975891,
0.5877310037612915,
-0.24634955823421478,
-0.1585085541009903,
0.23944541811943054,
-0.06290674954652786,
0.047996245324611664,
0.5314515233039856,
0.6867568492889404,
-0.21275532245635986,
-0.2463442087173462,
-0.08226021379232407,
-0.10020650923252106,
0.03966983035206795,
0.34930142760276794,
-0.8355783820152283,
-1.3092962503433228,
0.41906577348709106,
-0.5426565408706665,
-0.6117826700210571,
-1.0962928533554077,
0.13908354938030243,
0.06439084559679031,
0.318612277507782,
0.3478992283344269,
-0.0708455815911293,
-0.10324303805828094,
0.14906644821166992,
1.0657496452331543,
-0.04266619682312012,
-0.6646902561187744,
0.38045161962509155,
0.1902870535850525,
0.008837122470140457,
-0.22082416713237762,
0.37396180629730225,
0.17672234773635864,
0.7332977652549744,
-0.12737475335597992,
-0.46639692783355713,
0.21791160106658936,
-0.12071859836578369,
0.16620640456676483,
0.32666683197021484,
0.27869296073913574,
0.30367085337638855,
-0.42328783869743347,
-0.09240958094596863,
-0.039090707898139954,
0.2629084587097168,
0.25001734495162964,
0.6052830815315247,
0.6564658284187317,
-0.35435950756073,
0.39097344875335693,
0.6230157613754272,
-0.6709698438644409,
0.6476666927337646,
-0.07374592125415802,
0.8922805786132812,
-0.37580567598342896,
0.1684218794107437,
-0.24769118428230286,
-0.1091509461402893,
-0.3088167905807495,
0.22834108769893646,
0.15267832577228546,
0.28978726267814636,
-0.10671725124120712,
0.41943344473838806,
-0.22676309943199158,
0.3176862597465515,
1.5404921770095825,
-0.4629470109939575,
-0.2527509033679962,
0.2318812906742096,
-0.6496652960777283,
-0.048492126166820526,
0.07165545970201492,
-0.16444562375545502,
-0.8037459850311279,
0.37982261180877686,
-0.21821990609169006,
-0.7419887781143188,
-0.2104766070842743,
0.8567046523094177,
0.2524417042732239,
-0.3019024729728699,
-0.08074452728033066,
0.3743358254432678,
-0.15497459471225739,
0.3860909640789032,
-0.7818527221679688,
1.1056134700775146,
0.11211412400007248,
0.5427417159080505,
0.09477724134922028,
0.018889490514993668,
0.01583719626069069,
0.8361029028892517,
-0.44685789942741394,
0.711901068687439,
0.09015873074531555,
0.4372597336769104,
-0.2274431735277176,
0.16928763687610626,
-0.029502296820282936,
0.3340512812137604,
0.3744468688964844,
-0.019043363630771637,
-1.0227118730545044,
0.11534634232521057,
-0.1704128533601761,
0.015033513307571411,
-0.23435328900814056,
-0.09884397685527802,
-0.3823068141937256,
-0.47913578152656555,
0.20587247610092163,
0.28698548674583435,
0.04844485968351364,
0.2747751474380493,
0.038025278598070145,
0.3729264438152313,
-0.03022720105946064,
0.05873492360115051,
0.35507145524024963,
0.17995968461036682,
0.4682902991771698,
0.16697530448436737,
-0.08973398059606552,
0.7813510298728943,
0.56976717710495,
0.7201546430587769,
0.19564279913902283,
0.07315925508737564,
1.0062536001205444,
-0.44533103704452515,
0.17943477630615234,
0.1342451423406601,
-0.20151548087596893,
0.5576752424240112,
0.5397416949272156,
-0.6003985404968262,
0.37263238430023193,
-0.2652139961719513,
0.4087051451206207,
0.3588480055332184,
-0.2081073373556137,
-0.1986166089773178,
-0.809531033039093,
0.6650878190994263,
0.5671343207359314,
0.08178452402353287,
-0.36531713604927063,
0.24802355468273163,
0.7154585123062134,
-0.194759339094162,
-0.7926954030990601,
-0.5028221607208252,
-0.4669610559940338,
-0.07943198829889297,
0.5945153832435608,
0.02882886491715908,
0.8340347409248352,
0.44651371240615845,
-0.2691100537776947,
0.8515953421592712,
-0.13326428830623627,
0.36543047428131104,
0.41469669342041016,
-0.5176501274108887,
0.5624394416809082,
-0.49330782890319824,
-0.0229424387216568,
0.3102397918701172,
0.19420850276947021,
0.030962634831666946,
0.09803954511880875,
0.0585288442671299,
-0.044941335916519165,
-1.0026220083236694,
-0.3557734787464142,
0.43296828866004944,
-0.8175632953643799,
-0.5050860643386841,
-0.1597587913274765,
0.009489882737398148,
0.5364390015602112,
-0.0881800651550293,
0.9536706209182739,
-0.18644526600837708,
0.13446909189224243,
-0.28710708022117615,
-0.27735790610313416,
1.21312415599823,
0.24516645073890686,
0.35838159918785095,
-0.2890203297138214,
0.17713023722171783,
0.2303244173526764,
0.029284657910466194,
-0.033839087933301926,
-0.39762869477272034,
-0.001353322179056704,
0.03827742859721184,
-0.20623046159744263,
-0.8487657308578491,
0.2821650207042694,
-0.9408959150314331,
0.12648215889930725,
0.7363503575325012,
-0.9051118493080139,
0.4847510755062103,
0.055163588374853134,
0.23116517066955566,
-0.05663968622684479,
-0.1024828851222992,
0.06488596647977829,
-0.2683519423007965,
-0.2512040436267853,
0.11604830622673035,
0.24770353734493256,
0.6160491108894348,
0.11298611015081406,
0.2323904037475586,
-0.22543904185295105,
0.43980613350868225,
0.2206631600856781,
0.2757965624332428,
0.26686763763427734,
0.19644401967525482,
-0.45505931973457336,
0.31518787145614624,
0.12818866968154907,
-0.2856695353984833,
-0.5311866402626038,
-0.4860156774520874,
0.38118696212768555,
0.33794745802879333,
0.6932339072227478,
-0.8802487254142761,
0.15600566565990448,
-0.12579979002475739,
0.6533240079879761,
0.09886610507965088,
0.26921021938323975,
-0.48904794454574585,
-1.041313648223877,
-0.22971020638942719,
0.13868625462055206,
0.4803258180618286,
-0.5449973940849304,
-0.2009173184633255,
0.7756476402282715,
-0.8210222125053406,
0.9521550536155701,
0.12412089109420776,
-0.548872172832489,
-0.23273876309394836,
-0.20762725174427032,
-0.17555612325668335,
-0.254533588886261,
0.7327480316162109,
-0.3601197302341461,
0.3999727666378021,
0.3270789384841919,
0.09416794776916504,
0.3970082104206085,
0.06234849989414215,
-0.6115879416465759,
0.2626831829547882,
-0.5929306745529175,
0.04936123639345169,
-0.07747627794742584,
-0.5549125671386719,
0.48333895206451416,
-0.35786548256874084,
-4.831381320953369,
0.25477707386016846,
-0.5420519709587097,
-0.7512196898460388,
0.1859595626592636,
-0.5784093141555786,
0.48054686188697815,
-0.3637163043022156,
-0.22571559250354767,
0.5813483595848083,
0.1908193826675415,
-0.20306240022182465,
0.28805074095726013,
0.3697613477706909,
0.5317506790161133,
0.4480266571044922,
0.7754255533218384,
0.06251080334186554,
0.5794883370399475,
0.06610671430826187,
-0.6546383500099182,
0.16101498901844025,
-0.12959915399551392,
-0.5932124257087708,
0.27205464243888855,
0.6303930282592773,
-0.04238835722208023,
-0.36248666048049927,
-0.8372059464454651,
0.012926872819662094,
0.009462570771574974,
-0.3110286295413971,
-0.2951439321041107,
-0.3295019865036011,
-0.1658911257982254,
-0.6951308250427246,
0.2338677942752838,
0.039243362843990326,
0.3221525549888611,
-0.6952215433120728,
-0.025994401425123215,
0.300904244184494,
-0.5541897416114807,
-0.12613488733768463,
1.275957703590393,
-0.3747648596763611,
-0.2080489695072174,
-0.3539535403251648,
-0.025125520303845406,
0.8375310301780701,
-0.16514773666858673,
-0.1902446150779724,
1.4539841413497925,
-0.07637640833854675,
0.26600146293640137,
-0.11016799509525299,
0.1887238621711731,
-0.13182614743709564,
-0.45207279920578003,
1.0305955410003662,
0.13488537073135376,
-1.1691054105758667,
0.004226029850542545,
-0.25866955518722534,
-0.06466727703809738,
-0.7407222390174866,
0.1781020313501358,
0.09294164180755615,
0.4867524206638336,
-0.503829300403595,
0.6387050747871399,
0.17087191343307495,
0.07878879457712173,
-0.33789876103401184,
0.5115265846252441,
-0.7701113224029541,
-0.15403907001018524,
-0.16446557641029358,
-0.3576868176460266,
-0.0426144003868103,
-0.15775750577449799,
-0.07995247840881348,
0.399148166179657,
0.2593807280063629,
0.16333530843257904,
0.10966454446315765,
-0.294498473405838,
-0.19105538725852966,
-0.5575345754623413,
-0.48999887704849243,
0.36662957072257996,
-0.08992791175842285,
0.3566834628582001,
-0.018954984843730927,
0.09095915406942368,
0.32540494203567505,
0.2896030843257904,
0.3280518352985382,
-0.16266655921936035,
-0.8746689558029175,
0.45104604959487915,
-0.9013542532920837,
0.0895959883928299,
-0.3554838001728058,
-0.2134878933429718,
-0.22490990161895752,
0.3409625291824341,
0.6360052227973938,
0.7065433859825134,
-0.3197965621948242,
-0.4432579278945923,
0.16990777850151062,
-0.20544055104255676,
-0.08562032878398895,
0.312194287776947,
-0.7801867723464966,
-0.11089327186346054,
0.7263449430465698,
0.2592187225818634,
0.15948067605495453,
0.08733370900154114,
0.1861831247806549,
0.5296292901039124,
-0.34449154138565063,
-0.37746870517730713,
-0.6005124449729919,
0.7622492909431458,
-0.08742927014827728,
-0.8234458565711975,
0.1632692515850067,
-0.3542574942111969,
0.024769466370344162,
-0.5955696105957031,
-0.03096129558980465,
-0.5748014450073242,
-0.2857697904109955,
-0.6740494966506958,
-1.072493553161621,
0.20722374320030212,
0.3666280508041382,
0.5434160232543945,
0.03940237686038017,
-0.7197118401527405,
0.29069697856903076,
-0.3597281575202942,
0.23953378200531006,
0.20335336029529572,
-0.062476370483636856,
-1.2598620653152466,
0.33507147431373596,
-0.36211633682250977,
-0.9467788934707642,
-0.6490196585655212,
-0.9949547052383423,
0.2614472806453705,
0.05866580456495285,
0.42705872654914856,
0.37907499074935913,
0.47631967067718506,
-0.2514418959617615,
0.23628197610378265,
0.4954581558704376,
-0.7505374550819397,
0.7889876961708069,
-0.034818414598703384,
-0.2621840834617615,
-0.4065455198287964,
-0.12912417948246002,
-0.46648991107940674,
-0.022188503295183182,
0.6210695505142212,
-0.33133143186569214,
-0.23719796538352966,
-0.4966241717338562,
0.191006600856781,
0.008815568871796131,
-0.07603490352630615,
0.3228438198566437,
-0.18131399154663086,
-0.19792057573795319,
0.07143805921077728,
-0.07250462472438812,
-0.9105204939842224,
0.07742258161306381,
0.2786020338535309,
-0.4155815839767456,
0.0826287493109703,
-0.43042534589767456,
0.26478201150894165,
0.2768803536891937,
0.2819630801677704,
-0.3859682083129883,
0.1362532079219818,
0.01862422376871109,
-0.40980851650238037,
-0.6953993439674377,
0.3798975646495819,
-0.34125009179115295,
-0.09653011709451675,
-0.5946370363235474,
0.0904836654663086,
0.6415460109710693,
-0.025025557726621628,
0.6773341298103333,
-0.2064535915851593,
-1.2597229480743408,
0.2592776119709015,
0.6392567157745361,
-1.0126200914382935,
0.962507963180542,
-0.027192451059818268,
-0.7627437114715576,
0.3312404751777649,
0.5506917238235474,
-0.16136473417282104,
-0.06923278421163559,
0.27182433009147644,
-0.5129446983337402,
-0.767078161239624,
0.011343410238623619,
-0.13976919651031494,
0.09415940195322037,
-0.43263307213783264,
-0.4969709813594818,
-0.4095945358276367,
0.4298361539840698,
-0.33058005571365356,
-0.5593060255050659,
1.3681750297546387,
-0.8519579768180847,
-0.41229671239852905,
0.20692138373851776,
0.4694485664367676,
0.5927666425704956,
-0.2831379175186157,
0.3490382730960846,
-0.33833056688308716,
-0.26481902599334717,
0.13199642300605774,
-0.20527613162994385,
0.6803150773048401,
1.115587592124939,
0.30041322112083435,
-0.7196024060249329,
-0.35559016466140747,
-0.10508328676223755,
0.39152970910072327,
0.14031706750392914,
-0.7922447323799133,
0.8605858683586121,
0.6848184466362,
-0.07002221047878265,
-1.015622615814209,
0.24780075252056122,
1.541902780532837,
0.17946533858776093,
0.28255099058151245,
0.31708937883377075,
0.07753682881593704,
-0.4599645435810089,
0.2173984795808792,
-0.004966766107827425,
-0.06756483763456345,
-0.22817693650722504,
0.513415515422821,
-0.30979639291763306,
-0.21916666626930237,
-0.4217846691608429,
0.7391355633735657,
-0.3617761731147766,
-0.7080942392349243,
-0.22656074166297913,
-0.028011498972773552,
0.1260225623846054,
-0.9200783967971802,
0.5266550183296204,
0.3250606954097748,
-0.8734176158905029,
-0.11660856008529663,
0.21560338139533997,
-0.790540874004364,
-0.39602214097976685,
-0.6626877784729004,
-0.28154224157333374,
0.06655331701040268,
-0.5570435523986816,
0.4460473954677582,
0.08686346560716629,
-0.590295135974884,
-0.0033679374027997255,
-0.48710644245147705,
0.201270192861557,
-0.08081028610467911,
-0.42979541420936584,
-0.2858021855354309,
0.5163172483444214,
0.18499310314655304,
0.5667227506637573,
-0.14751209318637848,
0.2911800444126129,
-1.5252420902252197,
0.528564453125,
-0.3566931188106537,
-0.7319802641868591,
0.3172449469566345,
-0.19913624227046967,
-0.4684031307697296,
-0.5519152879714966,
0.525481104850769,
0.22816413640975952,
-0.1936696171760559,
-0.01751171424984932,
0.1373741179704666,
0.8898773193359375,
-0.40628987550735474,
0.16557419300079346,
0.8415917158126831,
-0.4780910909175873,
-0.28283873200416565,
0.41509944200515747,
0.012731057591736317,
-0.18936292827129364,
0.6909112334251404,
0.6761234998703003,
0.5610526204109192,
0.9916791319847107,
-0.24067899584770203,
0.4540746212005615,
-0.5383532643318176,
0.28990280628204346,
-0.0015202497597783804,
-0.9327103495597839,
-0.6598653793334961,
0.19945766031742096,
-0.3192281126976013,
-0.5974164605140686,
0.25838616490364075,
-0.25765201449394226,
-0.6000906825065613,
0.32063019275665283,
-0.06298325955867767,
0.4218270480632782,
0.28677788376808167,
0.035282060503959656,
0.00863549206405878,
-0.7063639163970947,
0.020921358838677406,
0.5537202954292297,
0.18321359157562256,
-0.6691334843635559,
0.23852257430553436,
-0.03223540633916855,
0.17600210011005402,
-1.0783331394195557,
-0.30163899064064026,
0.08458378165960312,
0.7121648192405701,
-0.1545216143131256,
-0.9451937675476074,
-0.12905338406562805,
0.20601092278957367,
-0.767467200756073,
0.7424911260604858,
0.2413054257631302,
0.006746907252818346,
-0.2849010229110718,
0.26611995697021484,
0.11746955662965775,
-0.7488803267478943,
1.0529608726501465,
0.22068391740322113,
-0.07049787044525146,
0.2603290379047394,
0.38655540347099304,
-0.04852753505110741,
0.3903200626373291,
-0.15725944936275482,
0.6582427620887756,
-0.16445818543434143,
0.0813671424984932,
-0.02648596093058586,
0.16353096067905426,
-0.04070138558745384,
-0.5132300853729248,
-0.1722337305545807,
-0.5732402801513672,
-0.22096426784992218,
0.03693559393286705,
0.04727762192487717,
-0.3516954779624939,
-0.12787982821464539,
-0.17005059123039246,
-0.4118335247039795,
0.2880704402923584,
0.11112912744283676,
0.29256901144981384,
0.263258695602417,
0.6786995530128479,
0.4720609188079834,
0.8774079084396362,
0.13770365715026855,
0.47485387325286865,
-0.2370142936706543,
-0.3949471116065979,
0.13979415595531464,
0.3012264668941498,
-0.9419891834259033,
0.38636693358421326,
-0.5120371580123901,
0.33728015422821045,
-0.03569284453988075,
0.5613895654678345,
-0.10852567851543427,
0.728767991065979,
-0.21125666797161102,
0.21822193264961243,
0.4615148901939392,
-0.267713338136673,
-0.3983268737792969,
0.13105660676956177,
-0.28439265489578247,
0.044342976063489914,
0.3726169168949127,
0.5120455026626587,
0.057451214641332626,
-0.26079490780830383,
0.06897259503602982,
-0.363530695438385,
-1.0820602178573608,
0.052615392953157425,
-0.01757836528122425,
-0.991595447063446,
0.19074860215187073,
-0.40679770708084106,
-0.34667345881462097,
-0.15782172977924347,
-0.4216914176940918,
1.1757533550262451,
0.4995364546775818,
-0.3766578435897827,
-0.09237741678953171,
-0.38440051674842834,
-0.12201108038425446,
0.28339049220085144,
0.5965114831924438,
0.3959585726261139,
-0.9753825068473816,
-0.900879979133606,
-0.22775991261005402,
0.45384618639945984,
-0.22855839133262634,
-1.1026942729949951,
0.06582921743392944,
-0.5525124669075012,
0.2631586790084839,
0.33009520173072815,
0.10367114841938019,
-0.7622613906860352,
0.2895953357219696,
-0.059554580599069595
]
|
128342 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greyfriars%2C%20Oxford | Greyfriars, Oxford | Greyfriars is a Roman Catholic friary and parish located in East Oxford, which until 2008 was also a Permanent Private Hall of the University of Oxford. Situated on the Iffley Road in East Oxford, it was one of the smallest constituent halls of the university. Its status as a Permanent Private Hall (PPH) referred to the fact that it was governed by an outside institution (the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin, a Franciscan Order), rather than by its fellows as is a College.
In 2007 the decision was made to close the hall, with students transferred to Regent's Park College. The buildings continue to host the friary which formerly co-existed with the hall.
Greyfriars has one of the most distinctive buildings in Oxford; it is the only flint-stone Norman-style building in the city, and its green spire is prominently visible along the Iffley Road and from the University's Roger Bannister running track.
History
The original Greyfriars church and friary was founded by the Franciscans in 1224. The Friars had a long and esteemed history in Oxford, listing many famous alumni, including the English statesman, Robert Grosseteste, also a theologian and Bishop of Lincoln, who became head of Greyfriars, Master of the School of Oxford from 1208, and the first Chancellor of the University of Oxford. In 1517, the order divided into two branches. The friars who had been living in city-convents, ministering there and teaching in universities became known as "Conventuals"; while the friars who preferred a more eremitical life became known as "Observants". (The Capuchins developed in 1528.) The friaries were suppressed during the Reformation in the 16th century.
Some time later, the Capuchin branch of the Order established a friary, known as St Anselm's, which was recognised by the University as a House of Studies in 1910. The Church of St Edmund and St Frideswide on Iffley Road was established in 1911 as a chapel of ease to the Jesuit church of St Aloysius. In 1928, the Jesuits handed it over to the Capuchins, who then built the friary.
In 1919, the Friars moved to the current site on the Iffley Roadβfirst naming it Grosseteste House after the first Head of the original Greyfriarsβand on completion of the present building in 1930, the name of Greyfriars was adopted once more. The status of Permanent Private Hall was conferred upon Greyfriars by the University in 1957 and surrendered in 2008.
In 2007, Greyfriars celebrated 50 years of its PPH status, with considerable flourish, and an unusually high number of first-class undergraduate grades marked the year.
Closure of the Hall
In October 2007, the Order announced its intention to withdraw from its ministry as a Permanent Private Hall of the University, for financial and personnel reasons. Given the age of the building and the reduced number of friars, the cost of maintenance, rehabilitation, and staffing would be unsustainable for the Province, and negatively impact other ministries elsewhere. Arrangement were made to transfer all students and prospective applicants so interested to Regent's Park College. The decision aroused considerable controversy; substantial proposals by the Fellows for the continuation of Greyfriars were considered by the Governing Body. The University eventually indicated that the Friars' licence to run Greyfriars as a PPH would not be transferred to any other body, and the Hall closed in June 2008, despite a last-minute attempt to save the Hall by the Holy See.
It may seem strange that the Greyfriars students did not migrate to St. Benet's Hall (the Benedictine PPH) or Blackfriars (the Dominican PPH). However, Greyfriars had some years earlier admitted female students, and at that time neither of these other Catholic PPHs had done so. Regent's Park welcomed the Greyfriars students warmly, and the migration is commemorated by a plaque at Regent's Park. The latter announced in 2018 that it would be seeking donations to fund a Greyfriars Scholarship at Regent's Park.
The Capuchin Order has stated that it will continue to exist at Greyfriars in Oxford and the premises will continue to operate as a friary; the order will maintain responsibility for the parish.
At the time of Greyfriars' closure, the Visitor was Mauro JΓΆhri, Minister General, the Warden was Mark Elvins, and the fellows included Aidan Nichols, John Paul II Lecturer in Roman Catholic Theology. The immediate previous Warden was Nicholas Richardson (2004-2007). Honorary Fellows included Thomas G. Weinandy (Warden 1993β2004), and Vincent Nichols, RC Archbishop of Birmingham. Among earlier Wardens who were members of the Capuchin order, the highly respected musical scholar Peter Peacock (an Oxford D.Mus. who then became Professor of Music at Loyola University New Orleans) and then Cassian Reel served for long periods with distinction.
Friary and tuition
Greyfriars occupied an uncommon position in Oxford, in that its University Hall and Franciscan friary were part of the same institution and coexisted on the same siteβhowever, the friars were not usually members of the academic hall (though this was not without exception), nor were the students actually affiliated to the friaryβthe two groups did, however, mingle, most notably at mealtimes. (A similar system continues to operate with great success at Blackfriars, Oxford.) Furthermore, no religious restrictions were placed on applicants; and, while the Hall had a tradition of noted Theology academics, a wide range of disciplines were studied by studentsβthe most common being English, History, Theology, Geography and Law. While the Hall employed tutors specialising in certain areas of some of these subjects, students generally went to other colleges for the majority of their tutorials. The College most closely linked with Greyfriars was Balliol College, owing to a long-standing tradition of sporting links, but Greyfriars students were tutored at a wide number of the University's Colleges at some point or another.
Student life
While Greyfriars was small in terms of grounds and numbers, it had a close-knit community and a lively academic life. Throughout the late 1990s and early 2000s, undergraduate numbers tended to be around the 30 mark, with an average of between nine and eleven students per year in addition to a handful of visiting and postgraduate students. From around 2003, numbers increased, and the student population of the Hall when it closed numbered closer to 50.
The Hall annually held a popular summer garden party, and a "bop" that was dubbed 'The Monastery of Sound' in tongue-in-cheek acknowledgement of the friars. Greyfriars was also influential in the Oxford Law Society, the Conservative Association, the Dramatic Society, and the Indie Music Society, as well as rowing, hockey, rugby, tennis and table tennis. Its increasing prominence was very much disproportionate to student numbers, which was testament to their eagerness to get involved in University life.
As with all Oxford colleges, Greyfriars' student community was a JCR, run by an annually elected committee usually consisting of a President, Secretary, Treasurer and various other Officers as necessary.
Notable former members of the First Foundation
Hamo of Faversham (d. 1244)
Alexander of Hales, Doctor Irrefragabilis (c. 1170β1245)
Adam Marsh, MA (d. 1258)
Robert Grosseteste (c. 1175β1253)
Roger Bacon, DD, Doctor Mirabilis (c. 1214β1292)
John of Peckham, DD, (c. 1225/30β1292)
Thomas Docking (died 1270)
John Duns Scotus, BD, DD, Doctor Subtilis (c. 1264β1309)
William of Occam, DD, Doctor Invincibilis (c. 1300β1394)
Antipope Alexander V (c. 1339 β May 3, 1410)
Among the early Wardens was:
Richard Roderham, medieval churchman (1433β1440)
Burials
Beatrice of Falkenburg, Queen of Germany
Sir John Golafre
Greyfriars Society
The Greyfriars Society was established in 1999 and is the official alumni organisation of Greyfriars. The main objectives of the society are to maintain and build relationships with the Hall's alumni and were also to raise money to enable Greyfriars to provide the best possible education for the growing student body. The first Patron was the late Cormac Murphy-O'Connor, Cardinal-Archbishop emeritus of Westminster, and the President is David Alton.
References
External links
Greyfriars Society website
1910 establishments in England
2008 disestablishments in England
Permanent Private Halls of the University of Oxford
Regent's Park College
Former colleges and halls of the University of Oxford | [
0.1450207680463791,
0.6245377659797668,
0.3275298476219177,
-0.9790840744972229,
0.07584505528211594,
0.7387500405311584,
0.49437078833580017,
0.8194234371185303,
-0.5237799286842346,
-0.39949342608451843,
-0.6777796149253845,
0.14734381437301636,
0.17254304885864258,
0.2910963296890259,
-0.15566326677799225,
0.2382465898990631,
0.3718174993991852,
0.2827974259853363,
0.5218300819396973,
-0.681455671787262,
-0.011215822771191597,
-0.2594197690486908,
-0.8679597973823547,
0.47254249453544617,
0.19832070171833038,
-0.3816419243812561,
0.4942229390144348,
-0.5114251375198364,
-0.056140732020139694,
0.1713576465845108,
0.7251123189926147,
0.6110650300979614,
0.2604513168334961,
-0.5742722153663635,
0.3621857166290283,
-0.47820383310317993,
0.6648300886154175,
-0.3758672773838043,
-0.05977106839418411,
0.1135256215929985,
-0.06522560119628906,
-0.25907766819000244,
0.09981439262628555,
-0.00790204294025898,
-0.3048385679721832,
-0.3057610094547272,
-0.7172536849975586,
0.02333078347146511,
-0.8561272621154785,
0.2487461268901825,
-0.41024842858314514,
-0.0750536248087883,
0.6681990623474121,
-0.262172132730484,
0.590282142162323,
0.20487679541110992,
-0.8616234660148621,
0.24691984057426453,
0.9237855076789856,
0.1410854160785675,
0.05687037482857704,
0.7047508358955383,
-0.16334785521030426,
0.09867005050182343,
-0.5381656885147095,
-0.006759529933333397,
0.03156787157058716,
0.07676870375871658,
-0.4937290847301483,
-0.21421317756175995,
-0.31774041056632996,
-0.2696393132209778,
0.05818374454975128,
0.3629695177078247,
-0.6454501152038574,
-0.20943911373615265,
-0.1526014357805252,
0.36422449350357056,
0.6497868895530701,
-0.0027984415646642447,
0.6844650506973267,
0.1281743198633194,
0.5204294323921204,
0.22852325439453125,
0.27394723892211914,
0.5857006907463074,
-0.8154776692390442,
-0.1007847785949707,
-0.2740066349506378,
0.6025581955909729,
-0.6024938225746155,
-0.1728772670030594,
-0.2499227523803711,
0.299698144197464,
-0.11531267315149307,
-0.22403232753276825,
0.31367227435112,
-0.04325351491570473,
0.13847890496253967,
0.3232084810733795,
-0.3737931251525879,
0.2867375314235687,
-0.013469699770212173,
-0.1571730375289917,
-0.5037232637405396,
0.10926536470651627,
-1.0044291019439697,
-0.20890577137470245,
0.1809428185224533,
0.22002728283405304,
-0.7124744057655334,
0.23797640204429626,
-0.6637041568756104,
-0.212727889418602,
-0.2806726098060608,
0.4145825505256653,
0.37421801686286926,
-0.5120280385017395,
-0.25297996401786804,
0.11697527021169662,
-0.2256552278995514,
0.5066620707511902,
0.32433614134788513,
0.3211194574832916,
-0.48030832409858704,
-0.14446011185646057,
0.18173766136169434,
0.34135517477989197,
-0.17040613293647766,
0.022853592410683632,
0.09676510095596313,
0.8274828195571899,
0.18600323796272278,
-0.24181842803955078,
0.17182207107543945,
-0.2027183324098587,
0.10179076343774796,
-0.017365360632538795,
0.6063233613967896,
0.9517471194267273,
-0.5471169352531433,
-0.10506901144981384,
-0.0937727764248848,
-0.20426428318023682,
0.5799463987350464,
-0.5232965350151062,
-0.3717878460884094,
-0.6994995474815369,
-0.32228291034698486,
-0.529111921787262,
0.5130290389060974,
0.36972469091415405,
-0.3226557970046997,
-0.6180655360221863,
-0.1011873409152031,
-0.08407720923423767,
0.3663695156574249,
0.21273472905158997,
-0.2691447138786316,
0.2810058891773224,
-0.36670753359794617,
0.03242664411664009,
0.3770996034145355,
0.008420690894126892,
0.3809964656829834,
0.1897684931755066,
0.5654643774032593,
-0.4937479496002197,
-0.3360421657562256,
0.3257390856742859,
-0.8574700951576233,
0.12090913951396942,
0.7726861238479614,
0.06858046352863312,
0.09821341931819916,
-0.03296287730336189,
0.8727948665618896,
0.2098044902086258,
0.3210675120353699,
-0.49496838450431824,
-0.6192866563796997,
-0.006426816340535879,
0.24982334673404694,
-0.0332837738096714,
0.24459706246852875,
0.10250509530305862,
-0.13976186513900757,
0.34585538506507874,
0.027134930714964867,
0.027890536934137344,
-0.5721518397331238,
-0.22798971831798553,
0.6928669810295105,
-0.008294275030493736,
1.1512013673782349,
0.2023102045059204,
-0.48014146089553833,
0.5292004346847534,
-0.4289860725402832,
0.7425809502601624,
0.058249782770872116,
-0.2139238566160202,
0.0032636590767651796,
-0.1288561224937439,
-0.44011613726615906,
-0.03088974393904209,
0.42418599128723145,
0.07759251445531845,
0.17313936352729797,
0.04661059379577637,
0.037857308983802795,
-0.4136248528957367,
-0.11669505387544632,
0.7789162397384644,
0.17448794841766357,
-0.5195373296737671,
-0.5086016058921814,
-0.41943615674972534,
0.03302847594022751,
-1.2210749387741089,
0.7314262390136719,
0.15985748171806335,
0.6007181406021118,
-0.0533951073884964,
-0.8392753601074219,
0.08372603356838226,
0.01358950324356556,
0.14771272242069244,
0.2942744195461273,
-0.25837042927742004,
0.09904999285936356,
0.7194611430168152,
-0.11505592614412308,
-0.39887672662734985,
0.03688009828329086,
-0.07516488432884216,
-0.27317771315574646,
-0.7452566027641296,
0.7497269511222839,
-0.12055229395627975,
0.3103460669517517,
-0.5986300110816956,
-0.8573215007781982,
0.5180631279945374,
0.161617711186409,
0.2262095957994461,
0.09637672454118729,
0.8567724823951721,
-0.4914994537830353,
-0.22768060863018036,
0.18353115022182465,
0.21382111310958862,
0.29745960235595703,
0.32234227657318115,
0.34773239493370056,
0.21134121716022491,
-0.28338009119033813,
0.7355440258979797,
-0.14786796271800995,
0.4336515963077545,
-0.24521104991436005,
0.1732790619134903,
0.31977811455726624,
0.49279963970184326,
-0.1103157177567482,
-0.3080909550189972,
0.04701448976993561,
-0.5373599529266357,
0.8099803924560547,
0.0024530135560780764,
-0.09740737825632095,
-0.30098044872283936,
-0.5714834332466125,
0.6204391717910767,
-0.1264479011297226,
0.03775789588689804,
0.11985885351896286,
-0.10242993384599686,
-0.27677983045578003,
-0.025898991152644157,
0.36490681767463684,
0.36334800720214844,
0.2802788019180298,
-0.11061062663793564,
-0.37339651584625244,
0.08186570554971695,
0.201447531580925,
-0.2272297739982605,
-0.23566561937332153,
-0.038590043783187866,
-0.12850338220596313,
0.8338357210159302,
0.0824277400970459,
0.08849555999040604,
-0.2415698766708374,
0.7845683097839355,
0.147053524851799,
-0.6219448447227478,
0.44125762581825256,
0.01867547631263733,
0.1609102189540863,
0.6975963115692139,
0.07026636600494385,
0.5191742777824402,
0.24864041805267334,
-0.20058245956897736,
-0.17503133416175842,
-0.26988208293914795,
-5.693610191345215,
0.29124826192855835,
-0.42330512404441833,
-0.1569749265909195,
0.6267182230949402,
-0.000792026286944747,
0.33835548162460327,
-0.6872777938842773,
-0.5155157446861267,
-0.5079778432846069,
-0.10913456231355667,
-0.09557310491800308,
-0.25239893794059753,
0.31498098373413086,
0.6227140426635742,
0.8371766805648804,
0.6132338643074036,
0.08395648002624512,
0.2590479850769043,
0.05160108581185341,
-0.6808652281761169,
0.45847824215888977,
0.25552794337272644,
-0.20450377464294434,
0.17929498851299286,
0.52094566822052,
-0.8415548801422119,
-0.1198456883430481,
-0.6939605474472046,
-0.16769780218601227,
0.4513978362083435,
-0.2732867896556854,
-0.1483430564403534,
-0.23540279269218445,
-0.2535613179206848,
0.7914635539054871,
0.010194335132837296,
-0.21426793932914734,
0.07546710222959518,
-0.26590150594711304,
0.3531409800052643,
0.1357068419456482,
-0.1379438191652298,
-0.10748082399368286,
0.4782429039478302,
-0.28373944759368896,
-0.5578132271766663,
-0.03354977071285248,
-0.27784860134124756,
0.5759315490722656,
-0.6720161437988281,
0.3823598623275757,
0.41967740654945374,
0.16770786046981812,
-0.11243835091590881,
-0.11178673058748245,
0.33694982528686523,
-0.06370887160301208,
-0.018627915531396866,
0.009398375637829304,
0.6724329590797424,
-0.5216677188873291,
-0.33612799644470215,
-0.23441028594970703,
-0.2806990146636963,
-0.561879575252533,
-0.3481156527996063,
0.5622424483299255,
0.25203943252563477,
0.12309104949235916,
0.06256432086229324,
-0.2337312251329422,
0.04381556063890457,
-1.0375394821166992,
-0.07505324482917786,
-0.8778820633888245,
-0.5478858947753906,
-0.4128638803958893,
-0.018408237025141716,
0.16893824934959412,
0.3113224506378174,
-0.3043570816516876,
-0.44787517189979553,
0.17936038970947266,
-0.07533251494169235,
-0.6370487213134766,
-0.5870679020881653,
-0.05923685431480408,
-0.7382369637489319,
-0.7601813673973083,
0.007100528571754694,
-0.7106863856315613,
-0.4701884686946869,
-0.01124799158424139,
0.17070138454437256,
0.13681618869304657,
0.40734967589378357,
0.18929891288280487,
-0.05123186856508255,
0.2875523865222931,
0.3412454128265381,
-0.5262585878372192,
0.10565798729658127,
0.01429460197687149,
0.014656368643045425,
-0.3261036276817322,
0.028343791142106056,
0.5036359429359436,
0.5440303087234497,
-0.3732793629169464,
0.3108093738555908,
-0.2032632678747177,
-0.47435319423675537,
-0.287671834230423,
-0.10339870303869247,
-0.4066838324069977,
-0.3121226131916046,
0.3737897574901581,
-0.27419528365135193,
-0.14098338782787323,
0.16776785254478455,
-0.09977171570062637,
0.23508787155151367,
-0.015295842662453651,
-1.0180209875106812,
0.18136322498321533,
0.6582052111625671,
-0.13033534586429596,
-0.6828749775886536,
-0.11082203686237335,
-0.06364443898200989,
-0.06360520422458649,
-0.08911140263080597,
0.03970437869429588,
-0.6424047946929932,
-0.12586010992527008,
-0.32345351576805115,
-0.7438179850578308,
0.09872692078351974,
0.5268813967704773,
0.4849870204925537,
0.08066675066947937,
0.07664228230714798,
0.4105529487133026,
0.5311007499694824,
0.8016249537467957,
0.2393709421157837,
0.23864009976387024,
-0.8048805594444275,
0.35408127307891846,
-0.23112598061561584,
0.14343081414699554,
0.0049646589905023575,
-0.626171350479126,
0.0299757719039917,
0.016655221581459045,
-0.09412974119186401,
0.6116348505020142,
-0.4610668420791626,
0.05702840909361839,
-0.08985380083322525,
-0.17268212139606476,
-0.5120712518692017,
-0.40446385741233826,
0.33741798996925354,
-0.1793019026517868,
-0.07936128228902817,
-0.0915631502866745,
-0.8294131755828857,
0.09870531409978867,
0.14671820402145386,
-0.16392186284065247,
-0.7324014902114868,
0.11189836263656616,
0.28662002086639404,
0.2051839530467987,
-0.11425765603780746,
0.216777041554451,
-0.11678808182477951,
0.12137304991483688,
-0.18587183952331543,
0.04629877582192421,
0.13790270686149597,
0.0032399401534348726,
0.6999852061271667,
-0.16647346317768097,
-0.4873422086238861,
-0.376816064119339,
0.2810651659965515,
-0.5516991019248962,
0.21250951290130615,
-0.4313502013683319,
0.11537512391805649,
0.2852107286453247,
-0.17054422199726105,
-0.9883967638015747,
0.1997063010931015,
-0.32515838742256165,
-0.14644211530685425,
-0.3555413484573364,
-0.28609851002693176,
0.5496761798858643,
-0.66810542345047,
0.9520840644836426,
0.4048886299133301,
-0.6167229413986206,
0.5607284307479858,
-0.24914561212062836,
-0.1543072760105133,
0.7079919576644897,
0.03965495526790619,
-0.9217965006828308,
0.32978060841560364,
0.3546923100948334,
-0.6968957185745239,
-0.3227333426475525,
-0.25553175806999207,
-0.47320300340652466,
-0.39954543113708496,
-0.04538793861865997,
-0.33696797490119934,
-0.4014674127101898,
-0.09498371928930283,
0.1921747773885727,
-0.8676561117172241,
0.26348787546157837,
0.3150467872619629,
-0.7292883992195129,
0.5661662817001343,
-0.31536582112312317,
0.21781209111213684,
0.2984888255596161,
0.18140771985054016,
0.29289665818214417,
0.010900165885686874,
0.07489951699972153,
-0.4090656638145447,
-0.28674009442329407,
0.24402670562267303,
0.6616158485412598,
0.4459272623062134,
0.9715580344200134,
-0.2017318606376648,
-1.116482138633728,
-0.3610747754573822,
0.1606116145849228,
-0.047322601079940796,
0.3761489987373352,
-0.48995718359947205,
0.286010205745697,
0.14659512042999268,
-0.16135989129543304,
0.5170559287071228,
-0.21073952317237854,
-0.045813657343387604,
0.05580202117562294,
0.1429569274187088,
0.10387221723794937,
0.009531348012387753,
-0.2066069096326828,
0.45190927386283875,
0.0016398364678025246,
-0.16354840993881226,
0.2463371753692627,
-0.019464008510112762,
-0.3039942979812622,
0.010505268350243568,
-0.469124436378479,
0.06298810243606567,
-0.4452131986618042,
-0.325822651386261,
-0.14023719727993011,
-0.16537240147590637,
0.15119419991970062,
-0.1788107007741928,
0.0026160695124417543,
-0.2685088515281677,
-0.551297128200531,
0.5446004271507263,
-0.1611011028289795,
-0.5558514595031738,
0.045204680413007736,
0.029511434957385063,
-0.32153305411338806,
0.3210034966468811,
-0.4230934679508209,
0.3575379252433777,
0.27502527832984924,
-0.08845444768667221,
0.0473010390996933,
-0.4666925370693207,
-0.6531878113746643,
0.015927458181977272,
0.2724822461605072,
0.014812958426773548,
0.4092535078525543,
0.2111371010541916,
-0.13836528360843658,
0.14240074157714844,
0.004400824662297964,
-0.5364984273910522,
0.7170911431312561,
0.23210465908050537,
-0.14745797216892242,
0.40507981181144714,
-0.013373040594160557,
-0.546478807926178,
-0.41016846895217896,
-0.26772624254226685,
-0.12527568638324738,
0.34069642424583435,
0.05169956386089325,
0.2403874397277832,
0.7658678293228149,
-0.5883281230926514,
-0.03528826683759689,
0.2769802510738373,
-0.4192183315753937,
0.23356997966766357,
0.6091748476028442,
-0.33934664726257324,
-0.020062146708369255,
0.5862094759941101,
0.3887841999530792,
-0.43854373693466187,
0.5455357432365417,
-0.37557685375213623,
-0.221798837184906,
-0.05502902343869209,
0.49518388509750366,
0.16721859574317932,
-0.12767340242862701,
-0.4073633849620819,
0.7042474150657654,
-0.2844202220439911,
-0.21312370896339417,
0.3201689124107361,
-0.3834851086139679,
-0.23301054537296295,
0.08956020325422287,
0.7857156991958618,
0.448933482170105,
-0.36479514837265015,
-0.03683685138821602,
-0.4452441334724426,
-0.12520286440849304,
0.20249776542186737,
0.34790927171707153,
0.1787576973438263,
0.1027902141213417,
0.02547139674425125,
-0.3345497250556946,
0.35099533200263977,
0.06930359452962875,
-0.27749648690223694,
0.397987425327301,
0.11554571241140366,
-0.27674025297164917,
-0.8175911903381348,
0.4188762605190277,
-0.27855417132377625,
0.3425326645374298,
0.2721046507358551,
-0.0898820087313652,
-0.16241209208965302,
0.24309661984443665,
0.28770244121551514,
-0.09490284323692322,
-0.14459578692913055,
0.150731161236763,
-0.06030954420566559,
0.2970030903816223,
0.3640076816082001,
-0.5732658505439758,
0.13421790301799774,
-0.31836968660354614,
0.16251127421855927,
0.43662744760513306,
0.32020074129104614,
-0.44558143615722656,
0.0324862003326416,
-0.2430853247642517,
0.12241378426551819,
-0.2168317288160324,
0.8569087982177734,
-0.3367080092430115,
-0.5417200922966003,
0.5101106762886047,
-0.674335241317749,
-0.24042679369449615,
-0.08194214105606079,
-0.5599740147590637,
0.13752588629722595,
-0.10146595537662506,
-0.5520585179328918,
-0.055662449449300766,
0.2782251834869385,
0.9273590445518494,
0.28977730870246887,
0.0064551751129329205,
-0.06170545518398285,
0.3157305419445038,
-0.5836539268493652,
0.055517494678497314,
-0.1242576315999031,
0.1571834534406662,
-0.3868277966976166,
0.16941668093204498,
-0.5425490736961365,
0.20441047847270966,
0.01610438898205757,
0.2801622152328491,
-0.08582499623298645,
0.3480350375175476,
-0.6091566681861877,
0.8750947117805481,
0.29413115978240967,
0.5839370489120483,
-0.4033949077129364,
0.16336999833583832,
-0.23504696786403656,
0.5610687732696533,
0.2823461592197418,
0.46698957681655884,
0.2459842711687088,
-0.42742684483528137,
0.25943997502326965,
0.1733544021844864,
-0.6157616376876831,
0.2408967763185501,
0.006335219368338585,
-0.11040002107620239,
-0.45168617367744446,
0.5264898538589478,
-0.27271682024002075,
0.5386455655097961,
0.36185476183891296,
1.0858017206192017,
-0.07598228007555008,
-0.061459731310606,
-0.4207937717437744,
-0.1688527911901474,
0.8228354454040527,
0.3600251376628876,
0.6253964900970459,
0.4705715477466583,
-0.3705960512161255,
-0.38509613275527954,
-0.5364072322845459,
0.33825504779815674,
0.5058499574661255,
-0.5121315717697144,
0.23309795558452606,
-0.4002642035484314,
0.3004361689090729,
-0.25829580426216125,
-0.17586438357830048,
0.0009693356114439666,
0.0707903504371643,
0.3288033604621887
]
|
128343 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salem%20Municipality | Salem Municipality | Salem Municipality (Salems kommun) is a municipality in Stockholm County in east central Sweden. The name traces its origins from Slæm in the 13th century, but was changed to Salem in the 17th century, inspired by the Biblical name of Jerusalem. Its seat is located in Salem.
History
Like the rest of the areas around Lake MΓ€laren, Salem has a significant amount of ancient remains, as far back as the Stone Age. The church of Salem traces its foundation to the 12th century.
Just like its eastern municipal neighbour Botkyrka, Salem traces its history back to the legendary Saint Botvid, who lived in the area sometime between 1050-1120. In the medieval tradition, a spring would always be found in connection to the death of a saint. According to legend, when the remains of Saint Botvid were transported to the church in today's Botkyrka, the casket was temporarily put down near the shore of Lake BornsjΓΆn, where a spring poured up. It continues to provide clear water to this day.
Today
Salem was united with the municipality of Botkyrka during the Swedish municipal reform between 1971-1974. However, in 1983, after energetic protests, they were split apart, and Salem became the 14th smallest municipality by area in the country.
Salem is served by one station, RΓΆnninge, on the commuter train line between SΓΆdertΓ€lje and MΓ€rsta via Stockholm. There are also a good network of bus lines.
The number of people in Salem is about 30% less during day time due to that it has the biggest percentage of people in Stockholm county that work outside own municipal.
Demography
Population development
Residents with a foreign background
On the 31st of December 2017 the number of people with a foreign background (persons born outside of Sweden or with two parents born outside of Sweden) was 4Β 643, or 27.86% of the population (16Β 665 on the 31st of December 2017). On the 31st of December 2002 the number of residents with a foreign background was (per the same definition) 2Β 468, or 17.79% of the population (13Β 875 on the 31st of December 2002). On 31 December 2017 there were 16Β 665 residents in Salem, of which 3Β 270 people (19.62%) were born in a country other than Sweden. Divided by country in the table below - the Nordic countries as well as the 12 most common countries of birth outside of Sweden for Swedish residents have been included, with other countries of birth bundled together by continent by Statistics Sweden.
References
External links
Salem Municipality - Official site
Municipalities of Stockholm County
Metropolitan Stockholm | [
0.18772783875465393,
0.38059118390083313,
0.20246849954128265,
0.4278695285320282,
-0.5067618489265442,
-0.21051445603370667,
1.15127694606781,
-0.8365994691848755,
-0.45627591013908386,
-0.23338583111763,
0.21087902784347534,
-0.4953191876411438,
-0.41792240738868713,
0.43226757645606995,
-1.0287920236587524,
0.6188589334487915,
-0.011680436320602894,
0.5869989991188049,
0.06435496360063553,
-0.41357308626174927,
-0.029420919716358185,
-0.3947873115539551,
0.6228103637695312,
0.31932544708251953,
0.1320280134677887,
0.3584659993648529,
0.6691482067108154,
0.9711068868637085,
-0.20357760787010193,
-0.04451432079076767,
-0.6443520188331604,
0.6874398589134216,
-0.329566091299057,
0.004673557355999947,
0.5905879735946655,
0.1705196499824524,
-0.13681328296661377,
-0.5917428135871887,
-0.06093898415565491,
-0.3467957377433777,
-0.3884165585041046,
0.1618250459432602,
-0.47773733735084534,
-0.1633325070142746,
0.5068672895431519,
-1.5296146869659424,
-0.7160935401916504,
0.41464298963546753,
-1.3430389165878296,
0.3256968557834625,
-0.784375786781311,
0.11149947345256805,
-0.6934539079666138,
0.7953701019287109,
0.5517650246620178,
-0.38116270303726196,
-0.8110489249229431,
0.27637216448783875,
-0.13833492994308472,
0.5014181137084961,
0.17765499651432037,
0.38425785303115845,
-0.3204353451728821,
-0.1302706003189087,
0.9692732691764832,
0.20715798437595367,
0.12626415491104126,
0.1980004757642746,
-0.17042772471904755,
-0.9570265412330627,
-0.5670316815376282,
0.18566344678401947,
-0.45019784569740295,
0.012092693708837032,
0.6797768473625183,
-0.37035202980041504,
0.12283365428447723,
-0.1795250028371811,
0.20642243325710297,
-0.24730078876018524,
-0.22169382870197296,
-0.2534637749195099,
0.9429157376289368,
0.25503772497177124,
0.07658567279577255,
0.04424469918012619,
-0.426476389169693,
-0.15199832618236542,
-0.3380478322505951,
0.2644073963165283,
0.23483939468860626,
0.48045065999031067,
0.3735353946685791,
-0.0131157748401165,
0.35392871499061584,
-0.33652928471565247,
-0.14134544134140015,
0.3895604908466339,
0.10200030356645584,
0.7843645215034485,
0.15996740758419037,
0.44830575585365295,
0.5437524318695068,
0.15500406920909882,
-0.16612692177295685,
-0.025403650477528572,
-0.13432258367538452,
-0.014567605219781399,
-0.5430863499641418,
0.0965089350938797,
-0.8089784383773804,
0.5067564249038696,
-0.15232998132705688,
-0.3225204646587372,
-0.12550486624240875,
0.37756165862083435,
0.5480679273605347,
-0.04546791687607765,
-0.1166125163435936,
0.12692289054393768,
-0.024973828345537186,
1.0291309356689453,
0.37199902534484863,
-0.1898098886013031,
0.4531058967113495,
-0.33176717162132263,
0.03846744820475578,
0.759692907333374,
-0.05633355677127838,
0.46243178844451904,
0.43127521872520447,
0.5986911654472351,
-0.46353113651275635,
0.4810008704662323,
-0.0029078545048832893,
-0.46586304903030396,
-0.10649612545967102,
0.5220388174057007,
0.4312671422958374,
0.0039535267278552055,
-1.3045309782028198,
0.22363804280757904,
-0.6348425149917603,
-0.5076468586921692,
0.06959634274244308,
-0.5474377870559692,
-0.2454339563846588,
-0.5310978889465332,
-0.40941399335861206,
-0.1718171089887619,
0.6668060421943665,
0.4256683886051178,
0.16678480803966522,
0.4163492023944855,
0.19980378448963165,
-0.17336736619472504,
0.4610816240310669,
0.18475313484668732,
0.1324155479669571,
0.336615651845932,
0.5123902559280396,
-0.30500972270965576,
0.17879508435726166,
-0.6212401390075684,
0.4513006806373596,
-0.16933274269104004,
-0.0593453086912632,
0.20008540153503418,
1.1589922904968262,
-0.8111844658851624,
-0.9113447070121765,
-0.6889420747756958,
0.42643213272094727,
-0.4749629497528076,
0.0890352725982666,
-0.47789180278778076,
0.4731252193450928,
0.3245622515678406,
0.07940516620874405,
-0.16899138689041138,
-0.681365430355072,
-0.23228749632835388,
-0.04507920891046524,
-0.16171206533908844,
-0.28063011169433594,
0.8775946497917175,
0.0068464805372059345,
0.4490411579608917,
-0.3911537230014801,
-0.0511217825114727,
0.533491849899292,
0.010554340668022633,
0.796363115310669,
0.4839898347854614,
0.7938997149467468,
0.28539133071899414,
-0.5386143326759338,
0.3344501554965973,
-0.7187816500663757,
0.06702768802642822,
-0.298994779586792,
-0.6474792957305908,
0.5148201584815979,
0.07704340666532516,
-0.37714192271232605,
0.5748374462127686,
0.4704380929470062,
0.12801460921764374,
-0.547620415687561,
1.1618963479995728,
-0.6198898553848267,
-0.7803288102149963,
-0.1919468194246292,
0.7547042965888977,
-0.24913132190704346,
-0.45538052916526794,
-0.4241977334022522,
-0.02837374620139599,
0.45287516713142395,
-0.3155750334262848,
0.42849791049957275,
-0.17433100938796997,
-0.4802418053150177,
0.14258532226085663,
0.14576753973960876,
0.41988807916641235,
0.11786115914583206,
1.0167560577392578,
-0.24775689840316772,
-0.0655709058046341,
0.5750049948692322,
0.16985011100769043,
1.3519208431243896,
-0.2479209303855896,
0.029755571857094765,
-0.2101726531982422,
-0.19693885743618011,
0.057880718261003494,
0.2255905717611313,
-0.40084147453308105,
0.3310360908508301,
0.09821882098913193,
-0.0727848932147026,
-0.13187013566493988,
0.9746494293212891,
1.0512888431549072,
-0.7384123802185059,
-0.22527818381786346,
-0.04499906301498413,
-0.6974233388900757,
-0.136802077293396,
-0.06737606227397919,
0.2959669828414917,
-0.43081119656562805,
0.18725767731666565,
-0.3122400939464569,
0.03798652067780495,
0.18453674018383026,
0.481737345457077,
0.5235006213188171,
-0.6281341910362244,
0.30619940161705017,
0.28046226501464844,
-0.10531046241521835,
-0.8090489506721497,
-0.13045445084571838,
-0.14201828837394714,
-0.8007071614265442,
-0.01944657415151596,
0.1854218989610672,
0.32402321696281433,
-0.2934647500514984,
-0.3779657185077667,
-0.18580612540245056,
0.37271925806999207,
-0.3780386745929718,
-0.3944411873817444,
-0.19345134496688843,
-0.5301586389541626,
0.09870783984661102,
0.46914058923721313,
0.5275218486785889,
0.23801353573799133,
-1.3613054752349854,
-0.30729666352272034,
-0.651183545589447,
0.385517418384552,
-0.015949297696352005,
0.10299386829137802,
-0.24501942098140717,
-0.4663567543029785,
0.6387802958488464,
-0.6989694833755493,
0.1041693165898323,
-0.14826653897762299,
-0.49495163559913635,
-0.15572582185268402,
-0.06573092192411423,
0.4572654068470001,
-0.37852174043655396,
-0.8587037324905396,
0.5399791598320007,
-0.26773563027381897,
0.6344922780990601,
-0.25826364755630493,
-0.48147469758987427,
0.047942209988832474,
-0.41686028242111206,
-4.623415470123291,
-0.29838722944259644,
-0.10885477811098099,
-0.15589462220668793,
-0.13577879965305328,
0.40968844294548035,
0.2013305127620697,
-0.9766829609870911,
0.04929178208112717,
0.19701702892780304,
0.4661635160446167,
0.023088527843356133,
0.5503919720649719,
0.751022219657898,
0.9187576174736023,
0.6479107141494751,
0.4739793837070465,
-0.15576602518558502,
0.5516441464424133,
-0.3087979853153229,
0.3053211271762848,
-0.08897406607866287,
-0.5032789707183838,
0.28217649459838867,
0.4352450966835022,
0.10331287235021591,
0.3968670070171356,
-0.06593408435583115,
-0.40303492546081543,
-0.8735469579696655,
0.1361132562160492,
-0.07606237381696701,
0.11151012778282166,
-0.05742428079247475,
-0.5554501414299011,
0.1473788470029831,
0.8193132281303406,
0.8032110929489136,
0.322913259267807,
-0.7743704915046692,
0.05863106623291969,
0.9796431064605713,
0.134821355342865,
-0.4945468306541443,
0.10011482238769531,
-0.06153744459152222,
-0.9092629551887512,
0.2598799169063568,
-0.8336814045906067,
1.0205961465835571,
0.6882654428482056,
-0.6932021379470825,
0.8440085053443909,
-0.09931343048810959,
-0.5302322506904602,
-0.3858138620853424,
0.2129519134759903,
-0.4438211917877197,
-0.9358018636703491,
1.108467698097229,
0.2306884527206421,
0.29294395446777344,
-0.8729203343391418,
-0.6188498139381409,
-0.31637758016586304,
0.4523787200450897,
0.5433617830276489,
0.5336509346961975,
0.6339557766914368,
0.20575949549674988,
-0.09856415539979935,
0.05059276148676872,
-0.20316800475120544,
-0.8858715295791626,
-0.1515880674123764,
-0.5957323908805847,
-0.5629180073738098,
0.07663043588399887,
-0.2866416275501251,
-0.257052481174469,
-0.29542773962020874,
0.10095717012882233,
0.4976690113544464,
0.4717687964439392,
0.14106501638889313,
-0.3184155225753784,
-0.47769683599472046,
-0.06910554319620132,
0.33358338475227356,
-0.7895233035087585,
0.43869370222091675,
0.09504632651805878,
0.631270170211792,
0.028510544449090958,
-0.3088591396808624,
0.6276341676712036,
0.24084413051605225,
-0.0822012647986412,
-0.010712366551160812,
-1.0013269186019897,
0.8920102715492249,
0.4627874195575714,
0.44708824157714844,
-0.1735621839761734,
-0.6714789271354675,
-0.0926874577999115,
0.27534767985343933,
0.05518098548054695,
0.0743645653128624,
-0.4713515341281891,
-0.017659621313214302,
0.2949669063091278,
-0.7032095789909363,
-0.7345533967018127,
0.7563113570213318,
-0.594685435295105,
-0.8240132927894592,
1.486082911491394,
0.08528606593608856,
-0.07802394032478333,
0.04732601344585419,
0.38865602016448975,
0.5685713887214661,
0.12995703518390656,
-0.39526650309562683,
0.07812987267971039,
-0.33255186676979065,
0.5356425046920776,
0.11319786310195923,
0.8177289962768555,
0.1774875819683075,
0.30977916717529297,
-0.5550450086593628,
-0.8377285599708557,
-0.36628827452659607,
-0.18421444296836853,
-0.46024090051651,
0.07292535901069641,
-0.15234649181365967,
0.20770682394504547,
1.066383957862854,
-0.3120330572128296,
0.3400171995162964,
0.8187520503997803,
-0.3068613111972809,
0.26828762888908386,
0.3497757017612457,
0.5611199736595154,
-1.0100550651550293,
-0.19678086042404175,
-1.11158287525177,
-0.16079623997211456,
0.9873559474945068,
-0.5618264079093933,
0.4127967655658722,
0.06163087859749794,
0.7526776194572449,
0.22766657173633575,
0.1820327788591385,
-0.49395230412483215,
-0.04754895716905594,
-0.3052486777305603,
-0.7926331162452698,
0.5951513648033142,
0.1042114868760109,
0.27300575375556946,
-0.8298358917236328,
0.6052221059799194,
-0.5658848285675049,
0.4882879853248596,
-0.07128577679395676,
-0.9200303554534912,
-0.6575577855110168,
-0.4361136257648468,
-0.23207519948482513,
-0.2622112035751343,
-0.22304080426692963,
0.02657954953610897,
-1.0060312747955322,
-0.09375682473182678,
-0.17307807505130768,
-0.1123829111456871,
-0.0774243026971817,
0.45247891545295715,
0.7196772694587708,
-0.8844602704048157,
-0.5905119776725769,
-0.7204834222793579,
-0.592410683631897,
-0.7925779223442078,
0.44565507769584656,
-0.13163064420223236,
0.7403455972671509,
0.08940228819847107,
0.5067522525787354,
-1.3015567064285278,
0.32205161452293396,
-0.6343442797660828,
-0.0937882587313652,
-0.9683493971824646,
0.3313981592655182,
0.49770891666412354,
0.3123354911804199,
0.9020045399665833,
-0.03594803065061569,
-0.6136813759803772,
0.2304283231496811,
0.5988947153091431,
-0.2883336842060089,
0.38893991708755493,
-0.7545400261878967,
-0.06738128513097763,
0.30297043919563293,
0.4097403287887573,
-0.10319634526968002,
-0.10428805649280548,
0.45178985595703125,
-0.15112949907779694,
-0.7142926454544067,
-0.20916198194026947,
-0.4717361032962799,
-0.41084080934524536,
-0.19146211445331573,
-0.7895128726959229,
-0.5285438299179077,
0.4146471917629242,
0.1596238613128662,
-0.683295726776123,
1.019330620765686,
-0.49559804797172546,
0.7270008325576782,
-0.23830625414848328,
0.2998078167438507,
-0.3361971974372864,
-0.41064316034317017,
-0.24608702957630157,
-0.2930193543434143,
0.5926473140716553,
0.5778158903121948,
0.22569392621517181,
0.15738612413406372,
0.558373212814331,
-0.343492716550827,
-0.16372665762901306,
0.38035106658935547,
-0.3160519301891327,
0.7821873426437378,
-0.4053115248680115,
-1.0349326133728027,
0.7550985217094421,
-0.48354610800743103,
-0.38338902592658997,
-0.09976504743099213,
0.13731904327869415,
1.687796711921692,
0.0425085611641407,
-0.12097897380590439,
0.9477960467338562,
0.3769291937351227,
-0.004215687979012728,
-0.02978505752980709,
0.1883501261472702,
-0.3432687819004059,
0.09726754575967789,
-0.19014646112918854,
0.20717382431030273,
-0.015076507814228535,
-0.17850275337696075,
0.9803173542022705,
0.005329824518412352,
-0.5736600756645203,
-0.4141024947166443,
0.42017966508865356,
-0.016853999346494675,
-0.28601783514022827,
0.10895080864429474,
-0.47399044036865234,
-0.3277019262313843,
0.3682331144809723,
0.28615379333496094,
-0.24634698033332825,
0.37326860427856445,
0.13618794083595276,
0.2080141305923462,
0.4371708333492279,
-0.3722553253173828,
-0.5169512629508972,
0.16647954285144806,
-0.6523985862731934,
0.4293398857116699,
0.14047670364379883,
-0.7370355129241943,
0.04753435403108597,
0.0019381401361897588,
0.3110901713371277,
0.8314892053604126,
-0.2086409628391266,
0.46039560437202454,
-0.672957181930542,
-0.3629908263683319,
-0.435179203748703,
0.19913937151432037,
-0.30403903126716614,
-0.5431732535362244,
-0.5065927505493164,
-0.11862259358167648,
-0.3515280485153198,
-0.22289717197418213,
-0.5922040343284607,
-0.11860989779233932,
0.3193773329257965,
0.1649934947490692,
0.1552862823009491,
0.9105160236358643,
-0.5883281230926514,
0.48053064942359924,
0.5213013887405396,
-0.31201422214508057,
-0.39155837893486023,
0.5663222670555115,
0.20387908816337585,
0.7775454521179199,
0.344053715467453,
-0.05771590396761894,
-0.07017983496189117,
0.872668445110321,
0.7801072001457214,
-0.010610485449433327,
-0.36571404337882996,
-0.5507692694664001,
0.07233728468418121,
-0.6535834074020386,
-0.7761068940162659,
0.8424234986305237,
-0.6015039086341858,
0.12104551494121552,
0.16351819038391113,
-0.4096040427684784,
-0.4655423164367676,
0.5521952509880066,
-0.015071648173034191,
0.9866665005683899,
-0.28802308440208435,
0.26417624950408936,
0.8963104486465454,
-0.5012219548225403,
0.29115986824035645,
0.048826005309820175,
0.1856924593448639,
-0.6528849005699158,
0.1179107055068016,
-0.31640422344207764,
0.4007720947265625,
-0.5351031422615051,
-0.27826452255249023,
-0.006909904535859823,
-0.4496324956417084,
-0.06617584824562073,
-0.15407894551753998,
0.19914661347866058,
-0.27379149198532104,
-0.9511911869049072,
-0.01978818140923977,
0.39391493797302246,
-0.1587027907371521,
-0.7262816429138184,
0.19496561586856842,
-0.2306828796863556,
-0.21088992059230804,
0.9094207286834717,
-0.3220638632774353,
-0.58383709192276,
0.1554022580385208,
-0.17580093443393707,
-0.4732154309749603,
0.19029219448566437,
-0.19872456789016724,
0.44367146492004395,
-0.44474077224731445,
0.7154743075370789,
0.303133100271225,
0.3246135413646698,
-0.004199909511953592,
-1.078950047492981,
-0.2501436471939087,
-0.2846878170967102,
-0.0715685486793518,
-0.0641254335641861,
0.07520407438278198,
-0.08317553997039795,
0.8486766815185547,
0.16573818027973175,
0.23076480627059937,
0.25455382466316223,
-0.854574978351593,
-0.28398051857948303,
-0.00339938560500741,
0.3824326694011688,
0.6421688795089722,
-0.6541813015937805,
0.1266670972108841,
0.23492538928985596,
0.13764691352844238,
0.10839119553565979,
-0.021146802231669426,
0.3588019609451294,
-0.09244956076145172,
0.25334423780441284,
-0.4631870985031128,
0.8298620581626892,
0.40884193778038025,
0.5403380990028381,
0.2506850063800812,
0.45918726921081543,
-0.7208946347236633,
0.18072785437107086,
0.39613834023475647,
-0.751838207244873,
0.04528088867664337,
0.35225623846054077,
-0.12192946672439575,
-0.6755322813987732,
0.6034820675849915,
0.5377459526062012,
0.05534131079912186,
-0.09319797903299332,
-0.18405379354953766,
-0.29331132769584656,
-0.10849390923976898,
-0.12214473634958267,
0.19122497737407684,
-0.7271280288696289,
-0.005726088769733906,
-0.11178746074438095,
-0.12736889719963074,
0.18619872629642487,
-0.10077527165412903,
0.4868110120296478,
0.5976230502128601,
0.13131514191627502,
-0.3574008345603943,
-0.42633742094039917,
-0.7534979581832886,
0.10286828875541687,
-0.8124250173568726,
0.7093944549560547,
-0.8807089924812317,
-0.42447003722190857,
-0.553098201751709,
0.2557865083217621,
-0.38667577505111694,
-0.7589422464370728,
0.58902907371521,
-0.41602906584739685,
0.22984112799167633,
0.4636886715888977,
0.5437018871307373,
-0.28884148597717285,
0.19998428225517273,
-0.27508193254470825
]
|
128344 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hertford%20College%2C%20Oxford | Hertford College, Oxford | Hertford College ( ) is a constituent college of the University of Oxford in England. It is located on Catte Street in the centre of Oxford, directly opposite the main gate to the Bodleian Library. The college is known for its iconic bridge, the Bridge of Sighs. There are around 600 students at the college at any one time, comprising undergraduates, graduates and visiting students from overseas.
The first Hertford College began in the 1280s as Hart Hall and became a college in 1740 but was dissolved in 1816. In 1820, the site was taken over by Magdalen Hall, which had emerged around 1490 on a site adjacent to Magdalen College. In 1874, Magdalen Hall was incorporated as a college, reviving the name Hertford College. In 1974, Hertford was part of the first group of all-male Oxford colleges to admit women.
Alumni of the college's predecessor institutions include William Tyndale, John Donne, Thomas Hobbes and Jonathan Swift. More recently, former students have included author Evelyn Waugh, the first female Home Secretary Jacqui Smith, the civil servants Jeremy Heywood and Olly Robbins, and the newsreaders and reporters Fiona Bruce, Carrie Gracie, Krishnan Guru-Murthy and Natasha Kaplinsky.
Hart Hall and the first Hertford College
Hart Hall
The first Hertford College began life as Hart Hall (Aula Cervina) in the 1280s, a small tenement built roughly where the college's Old Hall is today, a few paces along New College Lane on the southern side. In mediaeval Oxford, academic halls were primarily lodging houses for students and resident tutors.
The original tenement, mentioned in the deed of 1283, which was bought by Elias de Hertford from Walter de Grendon, mercer, lay between a tenement of the university (Blackhall) on the west, and a tenement of the Prioress of Studley on the east. In the deed by which Elias de Hertford sells it to John de Dokelynton in 1301, this last tenement is called Micheldhall. The deed was made over to his son, also Elias, in 1301. The name of the hall was likely a humorous reduction of the name of its founder's home town, and allowed for the use of the symbol of a hart to be used for identification.
At that time, New College Lane was known as Hammer Hall Lane (named after a hall to the east, as New College had not then been founded), and its northern side was the old town wall. The corner of Hammer Hall Lane and Catte Street (which had a postern in the wall called Smithgate) was taken by Black Hall, which was the place of John Wycliffe's imprisonment by the Vice-Chancellor around 1378. On the other side of Hart Hall along the lane was Shield Hall. On Catte Street itself was the entrance to Arthur Hall, which lay down a narrow passage behind Hart Hall, and Cat Hall (Aula Murilegorum), which stood further south, roughly where the Principal's Lodgings now stand.
The younger Elias sold on Hart Hall (named in this deed as 'le Herthalle') after a month to a wealthy local fishmonger John of Ducklington, who, seven years later, bought Arthur Hall and annexed it to Hart Hall. In 1312, John sold the two halls to Walter de Stapledon, Bishop of Exeter, who desired to found a college. After just over a year, Stapledon moved his scholars to a larger site that he had purchased on Turl Street, which became Stapledon Hall, later Exeter College. However, Exeter College retained certain rights over Hart Hall, with which it plagued the hall's development for centuries.
In 1379, Hart Hall and Black Hall were rented by William of Wykeham as a temporary home for his scholars as his New College, to the east along what became New College Lane, was being built. The first two Wardens of New College also appear as Principals of Hart Hall. Until the 17th century, there is evidence of scholars (including Thomas Ken) matriculating at Hart Hall while waiting for a vacancy at New College. By this time, it appears that Shield Hall had been partly taken over by Hart Hall and partly demolished to make way for New College's cloister. Although Black Hall continued a separate existence, its principal was often the same as Hart Hall's. In 1490, Hart Hall is described as having a library, which was unusual for a hall. In 1530, Hart Hall annexed Black Hall also. For some time, Cat Hall was leased by All Souls College, and then by Exeter College, until it also was subsumed into the growing Hart Hall early in the 16th century, giving the hall most of the land around what is today its Old Quadrangle.
In the latter half of the 16th century, Hart Hall became known as a refuge for Catholic recusants, particularly under Philip Randell as principal (1548β1599). Because of its connection with Exeter College and that college's increasing puritanism, a number of Exeter's tutors and scholars migrated to Hart Hall. The hall attracted an increasing number of Catholics from further afield, including the Jesuit tutor Richard Holtby in 1574, who was instrumental in the conversion of his student, and later Jesuit martyr and saint, Alexander Briant to Catholicism. Coming from a Catholic family, the English poet John Donne came up to Hart Hall in 1584.
Hart Hall expanded and new buildings were put up. In the early 17th century, the current Senior Common Room was built as lodgings for the principal. From this period also, the main entrance of the hall moved from being a narrow passage off New College Lane to a gate on Catte Street. By the late 17th century, Cat Hall is described as being used as 'the ball-court of Hart Hall'. In the latter part of the 17th century, the principal, Dr William Thornton, provided a proper gate for the Catte Street entrance of the hall, and decorated with a device of a drinking hart with the motto ('As the hart panteth after the water brooks', taken from Psalm 42, verse 1, but in a peculiar translation). Although the current gatehouse is not Thornton's original, it retains the design and motto, and houses the original decorated gates. It has been suggested that this frieze with its Latin motto is the real counterpart of the one translated for the waiting crowd by the title character of Thomas Hardy's Jude the Obscure.
In 1692, the political satirist Jonathan Swift was incorporated from Trinity College, Dublin, on the books of Hart Hall to receive his MA.
Richard Newton's Hertford College
On 28 July 1710, the Rev Dr Richard Newton was admitted principal of Hart Hall. Newton was a well-connected, energetic, educational reformer. He was appointed principal from 'a very peaceful retirement' as Rector of Sudborough, where he was personal tutor to two brothers, who were both destined to be prime minister β Thomas Pelham-Holles and Henry Pelham β bringing the younger with him to Hart Hall. He dedicated himself to raising the hall from debt and securing a firmer financial endowment. Newton planned to redesign the hall around a proper quadrangle, with a tutor, or angler, and students living in each angle, and common buildings along the sides. However, only two buildings in his design were ever built: one angle in the south-east corner of the Old Quadrangle (nowadays known as the Cottage), and his simple stone Chapel on the south side (consecrated 25 November 1716), which now serves as the college's Library. These buildings were financed entirely from Newton's pocket, to the sum of around Β£2000 (around Β£ adjusted for inflation).
In 1720, Newton published his Scheme of Disciplines laying out his scheme of education with a view to obtaining a charter of incorporation, and, on 18 May 1723, he presented his petition for a charter. The proposal met immediate opposition, especially from Exeter College, exercising its old rights, and All Souls, desiring to expand northward onto the hall's land. In addition, the appointments of principals for the various halls had established itself in a game of promotion, and a few would-be principals opposed the plan. John Conybeare, then a Fellow of Exeter, and later Bishop of Bristol, was Newton's most ardent opponent, penning the book Calumny Refuted against Newton's reforms. After years of struggle, Richard Newton's statutes were accepted on 3 November 1739, and the charter incorporating 'the Principal and Fellows of Hertford College' (Principalis et Socii Collegii Hertfordiensis) was received on 8 September 1740.
Newton's Hertford was a relatively spartan college, having received no real endowment. Meals were simple and cheap, and the principal insisted on eating the same as everyone else. Students were expected to work hard, and, where Newton found the university's education lacking, he supplemented it with disputations within the college. Newton allowed gentlemen-commoners to matriculate at the college, but they paid double fees for the same accommodation and food as the others. They were originally allowed to wear their coloured gowns and tufted caps, but Newton eventually made them wear the ordinary black gown. Thus, many a well-to-do family sent their sons to Hertford College to instil in them some disciplined education, unlike the privileged wining and dining had by gentlemen-commoners in other colleges.
Decline and dissolution
After Richard Newton's death in 1753, the principalship of the college fell to a succession of men mostly lacking the desire or energy to continue their predecessor's plan. One exception to this succession was David Durell, who built up the reputation and academic success of the college. Under Durell, the future statesman Charles James Fox matriculated in 1764 (Hertford, unusually for Oxford, was a Whig college). However, the scheme of four tutors in their respective angles was reduced to two, and cheaper junior fellows took over some of the burden of tutoring. It was at Hertford that the tutor Benjamin Blayney prepared his 1769 Standard Edition of the Authorized King James Version of the Bible. Apart from Durell's principalship, the college went into decline due to the mismanagement of uninterested principals and the lack of decent endowments. In May 1805, Bernard Hodgson, last principal of Hertford College died, and no suitable successor could be found and agreed upon. By 1810, matriculation had ceased, and the last students were awarded their degrees. The last tutor and vice-principal, Richard Hewitt, continued to live in his rooms without students until May 1816, when a commission declared Hertford College dissolved.
Magdalen Hall and the second Hertford College
Magdalen Hall
Magdalen Hall was founded around 1490 on a site to the west of Magdalen College and next to Magdalen's grammar school. The site is now Magdalen's St Swithun's quadrangle. It took the name of an earlier Magdalen Hall in the High Street, which was founded by William Waynflete in 1448 and then closed on the opening of Magdalen College in 1458. The first master of the grammar school was appointed in 1480, and its original school building was erected in 1486. However, as the hall took independent students as well as those belonging to the college, it quickly became an independent institution under its own principal.
The hall was known for its adherence to the teachings of John Wycliffe, and William Tyndale, translator of the English Bible and martyr, studied there. Another famous student of the hall was the political philosopher Thomas Hobbes, who came up in either 1601 or 1602. At the English Civil War, Magdalen Hall was known as a Puritan hall under the principalship of Henry Wilkinson. Famous Puritan graduates include Philip Nye, key adviser to Oliver Cromwell on matters of religion and regulation of the Church. The hall rarely used a badge of arms, but, when it did, it used the same arms as the college.
At the time of the demise of the first Hertford College, Magdalen College had long been searching for a way of expelling Magdalen Hall in order to expand into its buildings. Before the demise of Hertford, Magdalen College conspired to make its site ready to receive a transplanted Magdalen Hall. The current Lodge of Hertford College thus still bears the arms of Magdalen Hall (and so also of Magdalen College) beside those of Hertford College (and Hart Hall) and the university.
Move to Catte Street
John Macbride became both principal of Magdalen Hall and Lord Almoner's Professor of Arabic in 1813, and plans to move the hall to the site of Hertford College were already afoot. On 15 March 1815, Magdalen College submitted a proposal for the move to Convocation. Magdalen College proposed to repair the Hertford buildings and defray the expense of Magdalen Hall's move to the site, while the hall were to relinquish claim to their own buildings to Magdalen College. An Act of Parliament was passed supporting the plan, but no move was made until a fire accidentally started by an undergraduate on 9 January 1820 destroyed almost half of Magdalen Hall's buildings. Not long after this, one of Hertford College's buildings on Catte Street, so flimsy that it was known as the 'paper building', collapsed. With this motivation, the new foundation stone of Magdalen Hall was laid at the new site on 3 May 1820, and the hall's migration was complete by 1822. The Catte Street frontage was pulled down and rebuilt, and several buildings had an extra storey added to them. Magdalen Hall expanded to fill the space, and became the largest hall by far, numbering 214 members in 1846. Macbride and his vice-principals were active in building up the refounded Magdalen Hall. To distance the hall from its namesake college, Macbride attempted to change the name to 'Magdalene Hall', but this change was never accepted. Macbride served as principal for 54 years, until his death in 1868. The Macbride Sermon, one of the University Sermons, is preached each Hilary term in the Chapel of Hertford College in his memory.
Refounding of Hertford College
During John Macbride's principalship it became clear that the growing, energetic Magdalen Hall should be incorporated as a college to match its academic standing in the university. Since the name 'Magdalen College' was already taken, the favoured option was the revival of 'Hertford College'. Macbride was succeeded as principal by his vice-principal, Richard Michell, in 1868. He brought a bill before Parliament in 1873 for the incorporation of Magdalen Hall as Hertford College. The bill received significant financial support from Thomas Baring, then newly elected MP for South Essex. Baring had been a Fellow of Brasenose College, and had offered a substantial endowment of fellowships and scholarships to that college, but it had been refused, as Brasenose rejected his conditions of restricting the funds to members of the Church of England. However, to ease the passage of the bill, Baring removed his condition to the first instalment of the endowment (subsequent instalments were restricted), and Magdalen Hall was incorporated as 'the Principal, Fellows, and Scholars of Hertford College' (Principalis, Socii, et Scholastici Collegii Hertfordiensis) on 7 August 1874. Thus, Michell became the last principal of Magdalen Hall and the first principal of the refounded Hertford College.
Baring bought a house across New College Lane from the college to serve as fellows' lodgings (at some point this house was named Clarendon House), which was the first move of the college onto the northern side of New College Lane. This was soon followed by the purchase of other houses on that side of the road, which were collectively known as Γdes, and the old Chapel of Our Lady at Smithgate (which is now the Octagon, housing the Middle Common Room). Also during this period, a gatehouse was built on the Catte Street frontage and the old doors were reinstalled there. A new dining hall was built above the gatehouse, and much of the northern side of the Old Quadrangle, apart from Old Hall, was rebuilt.
In 1877, Henry Boyd succeeded Michell, becoming the second principal of the refounded Hertford College. His energy, good connections and longevity created the modern college as it is today. Boyd's name appears carved on the landmark Bridge of Sighs, and he is commemorated by a memorial in the Chapel (to the left of the chancel) and a portrait in the Hall (at the west end of High Table). Boyd's partnership with the architect Thomas Graham Jackson brought about the expansion of the college and its endowment with its iconic 'Anglo-Jackson' buildings. In 1887, Jackson began work on the Gatehouse, the Hall and its spiral staircase, and the north range of the Old Quad. In 1901, Jackson started building the college's site on the northern side of New College Lane. By 1908, he had completed a new Chapel, which he declared to be his favourite work. Eventually, after much opposition, he built the Bridge of Sighs, linking the Old and New Quads across New College Lane, in 1913.
In the two world wars, a total of 171 members of Hertford College died (those of World War I are commemorated by a memorial on the south wall of the chancel in the Chapel, while those of World War II are remembered in a memorial in the portico, to the right of the Chapel door). Notable among them is Major Percy Nugent FitzPatrick, son of James Percy FitzPatrick, who was killed near Cambrai on 14 December 1917. It was with the death of his son that James Percy FitzPatrick made the suggestion after the war's end to keep a two-minute silence each year on Armistice Day.
In 1922, the novelist Evelyn Waugh came up to Hertford, famously feuding with his history tutor C. R. M. F. Cruttwell (who was to become the fourth principal of the refounded college, 1930β1939), and later naming a number of odious characters after him. Waugh wrote of his time at Hertford, 'I do no work here and never go to Chapel'. He novelised his time at Oxford in Brideshead Revisited, having his protagonist Charles Ryder at Hertford.
Starting from 1965, Hertford made a special effort to encourage applicants from state schools through the Hertford Scheme established by Physics Fellow Neil Tanner, in which candidates were interviewed early, outside the standard application process, and could be offered a place at the college without having to sit the university entrance exam. This had the effect of dramatically raising academic standards within the college, and other colleges introduced similar initiatives. Today, around 70% of undergraduate students at the college come from UK state schools. This percentage of individuals from state schools (out of all UK applicants/students) is higher than at most Oxford colleges. This commitment to diversity is in keeping with Hertford's earlier history of openness: in 1907 Hertford admitted the first African-American Rhodes Scholar, Alain Leroy Locke, after he had been refused by several other colleges.
Geoffrey Warnock served as the 9th Principal of the refounded college from 1971 until 1988, and presided over the latest period of growth, and established the college's leftist credentials. In 1974, Hertford became one of the first five co-educational colleges in the university (the others being Brasenose, Jesus College, St Catherine's, and Wadham). The college now has an almost equal gender balance, with slight variations from year to year. In memory of Warnock, the college has a student-accommodation building near Folly Bridge named after him. He also has a memorial in the Chapel, and a portrait behind High Table in the Hall.
Buildings
Hertford College's main site is situated on Catte Street, New College Lane and Holywell Street. The site consists of three quadrangles: Old Quadrangle, New Quadrangle, and Holywell Quadrangle. The college also has three large groups of buildings for student accommodation near Folly Bridge: Warnock House, the Graduate Centre and Abingdon House. In addition to these, the college owns a number of houses around Oxford.
Old Quadrangle
The Old Quadrangle (known as Old Quad or OB Quad, for Old Buildings) is, as the name suggests, the oldest and the original quadrangle. Its entrance is the through the Gatehouse on Catte Street, directly opposite the main gates of the Bodleian Library. The Gatehouse is a late 19th-century building by Thomas Graham Jackson, bearing the image of a drinking hart above the archway. However, the wooden doors with their colourful floral decoration are the original gates of Hart Hall from the 17th century. The Gatehouse houses the Lodge.
Through the Gatehouse, the quadrangle is laid out around a pleasant lawn with a few decorative trees. The lawn is off-limits during Michaelmas and Hilary terms but is accessible during Trinity term for sitting on (at any time) and croquet (on Fridays and Sundays only).
In the north-east corner of the quad is the Old Hall, the oldest remaining buildings of Hart Hall, dating from the 1570s. The Old Hall and its adjoining Buttery are now in regular use for dining, especially by the Fellows. Running southwards, along the eastern side of the quad, is a 17th-century building, with oriel windows tucked away on its southern end. Originally, the portion closest to the Old Hall was student accommodation, and the southern portion was the principal's lodgings. Today the building is mostly taken over by the Senior Common Room, with the northern ground-floor room being the Old Library. In the south-east corner is the 18th-century Cottage, the only one of the planned four 'angles' of Dr Newton that was ever built. Originally, this occupied the entire corner, around to what was the chapel (and is now the library). Its southern side was demolished to make way for Jackson's Chapel.
The southern side of the quad consists of the Chapel, built in 1908 by Jackson, which has a particularly good acoustic. Its ante-chapel houses a stained-glass window depicting William Tyndale, made in 1911 for the British and Foreign Bible Society, and installed at Hertford in 1994. West of the Chapel is the Library, which was the previous chapel built in the 18th century by Newton. The Library possesses many fine, antique books, most of which belonged to the library of Magdalen Hall. Among these are many rare 17th-century manuscripts and an original edition of Thomas Hobbes's Leviathan given as a personal gift to the college: Hobbes prepared this work while at Magdalen Hall.
The western side of the quad has the Gatehouse, with the Lodge, in its centre. On either side of this are slightly earlier buildings, the southern of which is the Principal's Lodgings, and the northern mostly houses the college's offices. In addition, the north-west building has access onto the Bridge of Sighs. Above the Gatehouse is the dining Hall, which is wood-panelled and hung with a number of college portraits. The hall is reached from the quad by a distinctive stone spiral staircase designed by Jackson, and inspired by the spiral staircase at the ChΓ’teau de Blois.
The northern side of the quad consists of a building by Jackson, much of which now houses the Bursary. The building is infamous as the site of the incident novelised in Evelyn Waugh's Brideshead Revisited in which Sebastian Flyte, returning from a Bullingdon Club bender vomits through a window into a ground-floor room.
New Quadrangle
The New Quadrangle (known as New Quad or NB Quad, for New Buildings) is connected to the Old Quadrangle, across New College Lane, by the Bridge of Sighs, which was designed by Thomas Graham Jackson. The north-western corner of New Quad is taken up by the Indian Institute building, which is not part of Hertford College. Most of the New Buildings are early 20th-century designs by Jackson, except the slightly later frontage onto Holywell Street by T.H. Hughes, on the northern side of the quad. The quad is entered through a gate onto Catte Street, just opposite the Clarendon Building. New Quad is mostly used for undergraduate accommodation.
The most significant building in the quad is the Octagon, just north of the gate on Catte Street, which houses the Middle Common Room. It is the 16th-century Chapel of St Mary the Virgin at Smithgate, which formed a bastion in the town walls. An original carving of the scene of the Annunciation can be seen from Catte Street, just beside the gate.
Holywell Quadrangle
Holywell Quadrangle backs directly onto New Quad, and the two are connected by an arched corridor that also contains the steps down to Hertford's subterranean bar. Holywell Quad was built in 1975, and is almost exclusively for first-year undergraduate housing. Its main features are a gate onto Holywell Street, the Junior Common Room in the south-east corner, and the Baring Room (named after Thomas Baring, the college's major benefactor) which is a multi-purpose hall at the top of the southern staircase.
Student life
Undergraduate students are accommodated for the full three or four years of their study, either on the main site or on college-owned property primarily in North Oxford and the Folly Bridge area. A new Hertford Graduate Centre fronting the Isis was built near Folly Bridge and was opened in 2000.
Hertford is home to a college cat named Simpkin, who lives in the College Lodge and is the fourth of his lineage, collectively Simpkins, the collective noun for Hertford College cats; the original was called Simpkin and was introduced by the former college principal Geoffrey Warnock, named after the cat in the Beatrix Potter novel The Tailor of Gloucester. He is provided with a bursary by alumni to cover his food and veterinary treatment.
Academic achievement
Hertford's exam results are slightly above average. In the Norrington Table of results over the period 2006β2012 it has come 17th, 9th, 18th, 6th, 12th, 5th and 23rd.
Sport
Hertford College Boat Club is among the leading Oxford college boat clubs: both its women's and men's first boats are in the first division of Torpids and Eights Week, with both M1 and W1 winning "blades" in the 2015 edition of Torpids. The boats and club room are in the Longbridges boathouse on the Isis. With the transition of Magdalen Hall to Hertford College in 1874, the old blue-black of the hall stopped racing in 1873, and the new red-white of the college took to the river in 1875. Within only seven years of its refoundation, the college came Head of the River in the annual college boat races, in 1881. On achieving that victory, the crew carried their boat all the way back to the college and burnt it just inside the gates. The college archives possess a letter detailing the club's celebrations from the sub-librarian of the Bodleian Library, who spent the night on the scaffolding surrounding the work on the Old Schools Tower, directly opposite the Hertford gate, in case the fire spread to the library. In 2005, the boathouse was gutted by an arson attack carried out by the Animal Liberation Front, in protest against animal testing at the university. The new boathouse was rebuilt on the same site.
The college was endowed with a new gym in 2011 and has playing fields in New Marston, which include a pavilion with facilities for most major team sports. In August 2013 Hertford College Rugby Club became the first team from the UK to tour Mongolia in official partnership with the Mongolian Rugby Football Union. They played matches against The Mongolia Defense University and the Ulaan Baatar Warriors. Both matches were played in the national stadium and broadcast live on Mongolian national television. In 2017, the team returned to Mongolia, this time playing two matches against the Ulaanbaatar Warriors.
Music
Hertford College has the largest and most active music society of any Oxford college, drawing in musicians from around the university, with ensembles including the Hertford College Orchestra, the Hertford College Chapel Choir, the Hertford College Wind Band, the Hertford College Jazz Band and the Hertford College Bruckner Orchestra.
There are two competitive organ scholarships. The Chapel's fine acoustic lends itself to concerts and recitals, and it is frequently used for recording.
People associated with the college
Principals
The current Principal of the college, from 2020, is former UK Ambassador to Lebanon and policy advisor Tom Fletcher.
Selected current Professorial and Tutorial Fellows
The college has over 30 Tutorial Fellows in the subjects it offers at undergraduate level.
Hagan Bayley, Professor of Chemical Biology
Charlotte Brewer, Professor of English Language and Literature, Tutor in English
Dame Kay Davies, FRS, Dr Lee's Professor of Anatomy
Martin C.J. Maiden, Professor of Molecular Epidemiology, Tutor in Biology
Ian McBride, Foster Professor of Irish History
Peter Millican, Gilbert Ryle Fellow, Professor and Tutor in Philosophy
Christopher J. Schofield, Professor of Organic Chemistry
Emma J. Smith, Professor of Shakespeare Studies, Tutor in English
David Ian Stuart, Professor of Structural Biology
David Thomas, Professor of Geography
Claire Vallance, Professor of Physical Chemistry, Tutor in Chemistry
Michael Wooldridge, Professor of Computer Science
Alison Woollard, Associate Professor in Genetics, Tutor in Biochemistry
Emeritus Fellows
The college has a number of Emeritus Fellows, including:
Toby Barnard, historian
Martin Biddle, archaeologist
Robin Devenish, former professor and Tutor in Physics
Bill Macmillan
Tom Paulin, former G M Young Lecturer and Tutor in English
Christopher Tyerman, former Professor of History of the Crusades and Tutor in History
Alison Young, former Professor of Public Law
Honorary Fellows
John Baring, 7th Baron Ashburton
Walter Bodmer, former principal
Martin Bridson, mathematician
Nancee Oku Bright, documentary filmmaker, director and producer
Sherard Cowper-Coles
John Dewar, former Tutor in Law
Richard W. Fisher, ambassador
Roy Foster, historian
Andrew Goudie, Master of St Cross College
Charlotte Hogg, economist
Will Hutton, economist and former Principal
The Very Reverend Jeffrey John, Dean of St Albans
Sir Jeffrey Jowell QC, barrister
Sowetto Kinch, jazz musician and rapper
John Landers, former principal
Paul Manduca, chairman of Prudential plc (2012-2020)
The Rt. Rev. Thomas McMahon, Catholic Bishop of Brentwood
Paul Muldoon, President of the Poetry Society
David Pannick, Baron Pannick
Mary Robinson, former President of Ireland
Jacqui Smith, former Home Secretary
Stephanie West, classical scholar
General Roger Wheeler, former Chief of the General Staff
Tobias Wolff, author
Notable former students
Hart Hall and the first Hertford College (1282β1816)
Magdalen Hall (1480β1874)
The second Hertford College (1874βpresent)
References
Sources
also at Internet archive
'Hertford history'. Hertford history
External links
Hertford College website
Hertford College Boat Club
Hertford College MCR
Hertford College International Programmes
Colleges of the University of Oxford
Educational institutions established in the 13th century
1282 establishments in England
Buildings and structures of the University of Oxford | [
-0.20287452638149261,
0.4278433322906494,
0.2239915281534195,
-0.8157689571380615,
-0.08476120978593826,
0.8320014476776123,
0.7177773714065552,
0.8525334000587463,
-0.8228765726089478,
-0.10817458480596542,
-0.688875138759613,
-0.16825731098651886,
0.2217412143945694,
-0.003018210642039776,
0.32385075092315674,
-0.5711381435394287,
0.5650142431259155,
0.35752901434898376,
0.38036465644836426,
-1.0744589567184448,
-0.01469163503497839,
0.2474852204322815,
-0.41169095039367676,
0.2840127646923065,
0.25758880376815796,
-0.004811749793589115,
0.21808241307735443,
-0.4014425277709961,
-0.20597274601459503,
-0.5721393823623657,
0.3991037905216217,
0.4246571660041809,
-0.2185131311416626,
-0.5149341225624084,
0.5257498621940613,
-0.4772968590259552,
0.09271137416362762,
-0.4469534754753113,
-0.027495669201016426,
-0.1341618001461029,
0.008682417683303356,
-0.09313732385635376,
0.2266724407672882,
0.12221553176641464,
-0.49739325046539307,
-0.7745258808135986,
-0.8365499377250671,
0.33447080850601196,
-0.6386579275131226,
0.0020641142036765814,
0.36122629046440125,
0.5016812086105347,
0.5964613556861877,
-0.05672602728009224,
0.2533814013004303,
0.2821989953517914,
-1.0012600421905518,
0.12132218480110168,
0.4342125952243805,
0.10462155938148499,
0.014551561325788498,
0.7493716478347778,
-0.4156303405761719,
0.6885928511619568,
-0.13013139367103577,
0.1278468668460846,
0.08979348093271255,
0.11990957707166672,
-1.144264817237854,
-0.15175406634807587,
-0.4787138104438782,
-0.2810584604740143,
0.018727513030171394,
0.7065510749816895,
-0.567474901676178,
-0.8123282790184021,
0.2507263422012329,
0.3797462284564972,
0.4673977792263031,
0.135109081864357,
0.7475628852844238,
0.4722822606563568,
0.6008080244064331,
0.5640959739685059,
0.7883182168006897,
0.9875984191894531,
-1.0717060565948486,
-0.4602195620536804,
-0.29067516326904297,
0.46384644508361816,
-0.21010719239711761,
0.058951396495103836,
-0.12739580869674683,
0.3154788911342621,
0.17909862101078033,
-0.2730852961540222,
-0.20531179010868073,
0.14396561682224274,
0.21841135621070862,
-0.07764973491430283,
-0.3843269646167755,
0.4695213735103607,
0.6300280094146729,
-0.060979049652814865,
-0.38746482133865356,
-0.04589457809925079,
-1.0569616556167603,
-0.6298459768295288,
0.028217358514666557,
-0.1858227550983429,
-0.7394862771034241,
0.2747500240802765,
-0.6969152092933655,
-0.0898439958691597,
-0.19416317343711853,
0.17558903992176056,
0.3738725483417511,
-0.5196352005004883,
-0.6198890209197998,
0.10461526364088058,
-0.21995742619037628,
0.6727731227874756,
0.4218077063560486,
0.23894841969013214,
-0.23096667230129242,
0.13575111329555511,
0.14316987991333008,
0.3231279253959656,
-0.28895482420921326,
0.042893122881650925,
0.022586273029446602,
0.8076171875,
0.26288846135139465,
-0.16443975269794464,
0.03589249774813652,
-0.23698750138282776,
0.028831010684370995,
0.2042933702468872,
0.42313385009765625,
0.7064505219459534,
-0.7474432587623596,
-0.35467493534088135,
-0.82668536901474,
-0.1291329264640808,
0.5917479395866394,
-0.22371719777584076,
-0.6026468873023987,
0.058188699185848236,
-0.06679320335388184,
0.06929469108581543,
0.45404326915740967,
0.3995605409145355,
-0.42777130007743835,
-0.42231813073158264,
-0.3685150444507599,
0.25804558396339417,
0.24700002372264862,
0.43808579444885254,
0.28642264008522034,
-0.17903515696525574,
-0.2938685715198517,
-0.1906304955482483,
0.5864874124526978,
-0.12514933943748474,
-0.08739131689071655,
-0.21642504632472992,
0.7651519775390625,
-0.37993234395980835,
-0.4843888580799103,
0.1395973563194275,
-1.0577651262283325,
-0.13787415623664856,
0.8053056001663208,
-0.39941030740737915,
-0.0569959357380867,
-0.12769731879234314,
0.9093819260597229,
0.12505391240119934,
0.6041774749755859,
-0.3485655188560486,
-0.6175366044044495,
0.5054866671562195,
0.01688859611749649,
-0.2294227033853531,
-0.22039566934108734,
0.06420116126537323,
0.09383656829595566,
0.06817294657230377,
-0.3145191967487335,
0.2721322774887085,
-0.41398218274116516,
-0.16879089176654816,
-0.15561266243457794,
0.13398724794387817,
1.1229852437973022,
0.22253817319869995,
-0.6883266568183899,
0.6783069372177124,
-0.639199435710907,
0.7993485927581787,
-0.04996047541499138,
-0.20935583114624023,
-0.3752744197845459,
-0.49133574962615967,
-0.6429116725921631,
0.36820632219314575,
0.2787134647369385,
0.15054702758789062,
0.7502155900001526,
0.33953139185905457,
0.16844166815280914,
-0.5413646697998047,
0.13389652967453003,
0.34314411878585815,
0.21097372472286224,
-0.31794092059135437,
-0.34039220213890076,
-0.4888044595718384,
0.2491065114736557,
-0.8235766291618347,
0.7604197263717651,
-0.28072458505630493,
0.8769159317016602,
0.3731119632720947,
-0.437026709318161,
0.15083450078964233,
-0.08773605525493622,
0.5783575177192688,
-0.3182078003883362,
-0.5163902640342712,
0.7334363460540771,
0.3714350163936615,
-0.39880630373954773,
-0.0333394929766655,
-0.09197307378053665,
-0.723514199256897,
-0.32323983311653137,
-0.6287916302680969,
0.7309024930000305,
-0.001181555911898613,
0.2470395714044571,
-0.35113725066185,
-0.8509320020675659,
0.7297512888908386,
0.19949723780155182,
-0.109784796833992,
0.19202496111392975,
0.3401426076889038,
-0.34344279766082764,
-0.23718048632144928,
0.1053798496723175,
-0.3210911750793457,
0.32611745595932007,
0.06917236745357513,
-0.001668000826612115,
-0.022311070933938026,
0.03928298130631447,
0.6134072542190552,
0.4461323916912079,
0.43207067251205444,
-0.31247761845588684,
0.1803024858236313,
0.5067007541656494,
0.3964073956012726,
-0.5350071787834167,
-0.44438719749450684,
-0.46267178654670715,
-0.9665862321853638,
0.15771298110485077,
-0.17936789989471436,
0.17248444259166718,
-0.6566999554634094,
0.011519618332386017,
-0.46390146017074585,
-0.5651004910469055,
0.15809358656406403,
0.2694369852542877,
0.11968492716550827,
-0.8047499060630798,
-0.08891645073890686,
0.23032382130622864,
0.6647697687149048,
-0.693013608455658,
-0.4402049779891968,
-0.07811092585325241,
0.232661634683609,
-0.0025911915581673384,
-0.32051360607147217,
0.20140092074871063,
0.07104694098234177,
-0.10210014879703522,
0.6048829555511475,
-0.10503740608692169,
0.27337855100631714,
0.3007723391056061,
0.28097963333129883,
0.31954023241996765,
-0.25125718116760254,
-0.15869295597076416,
-0.21326595544815063,
0.03335294872522354,
0.8422572016716003,
0.13575036823749542,
0.8267000913619995,
0.5977752208709717,
-0.594297468662262,
-0.23437201976776123,
0.08896052837371826,
-5.382362365722656,
-0.024288583546876907,
-0.3201548159122467,
0.28706637024879456,
1.2622588872909546,
-0.2737618386745453,
0.47126057744026184,
-0.64243084192276,
-0.33966174721717834,
-0.26996421813964844,
-0.2627943754196167,
-0.30678269267082214,
-0.27392616868019104,
0.5505741834640503,
0.49168235063552856,
0.8090062737464905,
0.5314139723777771,
-0.1922549605369568,
0.08818025141954422,
0.4573304057121277,
-0.48260852694511414,
0.3869243562221527,
0.2142009139060974,
0.30481910705566406,
0.39783960580825806,
0.3965347111225128,
-0.012165884487330914,
0.13014474511146545,
-0.5528472065925598,
-0.4128025770187378,
0.1776895821094513,
-0.28564420342445374,
0.07505274564027786,
-0.5658056139945984,
-0.6174965500831604,
0.0807325541973114,
0.519681990146637,
0.67361980676651,
0.1364694982767105,
0.12885171175003052,
0.46782612800598145,
0.36709195375442505,
0.2936028838157654,
0.13271240890026093,
0.5898299217224121,
-0.3225342929363251,
-0.5950497984886169,
-0.10910703986883163,
-0.25204628705978394,
0.2600844204425812,
-0.5698503255844116,
0.51840740442276,
0.5661134123802185,
0.36137616634368896,
-0.2738707363605499,
-0.4190545380115509,
0.19725053012371063,
-0.01978384144604206,
-0.09021327644586563,
-0.05741923302412033,
0.3522845208644867,
-0.5704479217529297,
-0.08466613292694092,
-0.5196354985237122,
-0.5820636749267578,
-0.5495855212211609,
-0.006630648393183947,
0.6379148364067078,
0.23284560441970825,
0.490356981754303,
0.0009102323674596846,
-0.005372467916458845,
-0.08289284259080887,
-0.8355849981307983,
-0.3988494277000427,
-0.54105544090271,
-0.08481746912002563,
-0.03609598055481911,
0.3970949351787567,
0.11401664465665817,
-0.2055809646844864,
-0.021668488159775734,
-0.27908259630203247,
0.6406079530715942,
0.22374138236045837,
-0.8343091607093811,
-0.502718448638916,
0.0850515142083168,
-0.7786375880241394,
-0.38793304562568665,
-0.3244319260120392,
-0.2622982859611511,
-0.3619083762168884,
0.8035995364189148,
0.42029979825019836,
-0.12793274223804474,
-0.039595019072294235,
-0.0006733512855134904,
-0.03841376677155495,
-0.043655410408973694,
0.2760275900363922,
-0.275256484746933,
-0.008077530190348625,
0.11126206815242767,
-0.23212561011314392,
-0.333844929933548,
-0.05823488533496857,
0.39609408378601074,
0.3549489378929138,
0.1433216780424118,
0.2226918637752533,
-0.3130205571651459,
-0.37314268946647644,
-0.04510010778903961,
-0.2108803391456604,
-0.06777965277433395,
-0.45116370916366577,
0.18148185312747955,
-0.3462004065513611,
0.2859121263027191,
-0.0628417506814003,
0.26222363114356995,
0.21246467530727386,
-0.20095840096473694,
-0.2554627060890198,
-0.3004503846168518,
0.28786081075668335,
-0.23439474403858185,
-0.6582803726196289,
-0.40296849608421326,
-0.03692315146327019,
-0.43563297390937805,
0.1683167815208435,
0.1083248034119606,
-0.22916188836097717,
-0.4530518352985382,
-0.37157779932022095,
0.19457104802131653,
0.06274806708097458,
0.343414306640625,
0.10298570990562439,
-0.24190039932727814,
0.0037522653583437204,
0.16976971924304962,
0.6802361607551575,
0.5675652027130127,
0.00044726525084115565,
0.32487791776657104,
-0.9484370946884155,
0.49541983008384705,
-0.2493501752614975,
-0.5897253155708313,
0.551338791847229,
0.012221716344356537,
0.4014536738395691,
-0.23187601566314697,
-0.424996942281723,
0.6868259906768799,
0.07667195051908493,
0.048263758420944214,
-0.24163806438446045,
-0.15982095897197723,
-0.4255795478820801,
-0.3594706952571869,
0.5492308735847473,
0.1002819687128067,
0.099888376891613,
-0.43442824482917786,
-0.9297793507575989,
0.38431796431541443,
0.006582960020750761,
-0.3253381848335266,
-0.46495944261550903,
0.1263236552476883,
0.5419401526451111,
-0.12394393235445023,
0.24838952720165253,
-0.03951382264494896,
-0.3232184648513794,
-0.1550309658050537,
0.27631309628486633,
-0.557156503200531,
0.2641148865222931,
0.2223985195159912,
0.6538050174713135,
-0.23357509076595306,
-0.2418602555990219,
-0.7896482944488525,
0.08423209935426712,
-0.551143229007721,
0.20172181725502014,
-0.1968434453010559,
0.26150062680244446,
0.09156215935945511,
-0.38219791650772095,
-0.5972092151641846,
-0.020219789817929268,
-0.33802953362464905,
-0.50594162940979,
-0.05833283066749573,
0.3401823043823242,
0.7174750566482544,
-0.29896342754364014,
0.6910098791122437,
0.29959097504615784,
-0.5374079346656799,
0.42349767684936523,
0.24195651710033417,
-0.18499784171581268,
0.5859009623527527,
-0.17161206901073456,
-0.868742048740387,
0.3923090398311615,
0.5077916383743286,
-0.9836889505386353,
-0.39322182536125183,
-0.01692279241979122,
-0.22975090146064758,
-0.2303469032049179,
-0.09036078304052353,
-0.3901151120662689,
-0.16678176820278168,
-0.33896952867507935,
-0.21944305300712585,
-0.7431927919387817,
0.4847513735294342,
0.2949921488761902,
-0.6564456224441528,
1.0196961164474487,
-0.4626660943031311,
0.034257881343364716,
-0.20771706104278564,
-0.3816729485988617,
-0.044008079916238785,
0.6200394630432129,
-0.34665560722351074,
0.11054974794387817,
-0.0601784884929657,
-0.20386652648448944,
0.31739622354507446,
0.25145867466926575,
0.9545770287513733,
-0.16094127297401428,
-0.5599225163459778,
-0.5803524851799011,
0.7679668068885803,
0.30287250876426697,
0.2518760561943054,
-0.7901049852371216,
0.13130512833595276,
0.5829087495803833,
-0.34338614344596863,
-0.388190358877182,
-0.4316929876804352,
0.17537365853786469,
-0.2995368540287018,
-0.03081454336643219,
0.46451535820961,
-0.008816665969789028,
-0.28410258889198303,
0.054729994386434555,
0.02952605113387108,
-0.9156048893928528,
0.14576418697834015,
-0.12245821952819824,
-0.09684815257787704,
-0.28915801644325256,
-0.2751130759716034,
0.4971579611301422,
-0.23884928226470947,
-0.21519669890403748,
-0.47072526812553406,
-0.37343552708625793,
0.36068692803382874,
0.026515763252973557,
0.338759183883667,
-0.41364508867263794,
-0.9091832041740417,
0.9753566384315491,
-0.38028374314308167,
-0.401854932308197,
0.46322739124298096,
0.33093613386154175,
-0.4480592906475067,
0.8040115833282471,
-0.49715152382850647,
0.08726038038730621,
0.6691935658454895,
-0.05916326493024826,
0.64753657579422,
-0.44472479820251465,
-0.5874302387237549,
0.12792351841926575,
0.13976934552192688,
-0.03678107634186745,
0.35690149664878845,
0.31849750876426697,
-0.06329411268234253,
0.9071593880653381,
-0.18632769584655762,
-0.8934184908866882,
0.8268830180168152,
0.5524733662605286,
0.14738377928733826,
0.28373461961746216,
0.08586928993463516,
-0.571556568145752,
-0.09636735171079636,
-0.23462268710136414,
0.06433816999197006,
0.29568758606910706,
-0.22211161255836487,
0.708767831325531,
0.6352709531784058,
-0.3425173759460449,
-0.03920147940516472,
0.6049429178237915,
-1.0024067163467407,
0.3153125047683716,
0.379881888628006,
-0.29370588064193726,
0.12075062841176987,
0.18811383843421936,
0.10835098475217819,
-0.02178182639181614,
0.8278681635856628,
-0.5730214715003967,
-0.35736751556396484,
-0.04736025258898735,
0.09477684646844864,
0.21175174415111542,
-0.1935010403394699,
-0.592496931552887,
0.8342141509056091,
-0.39340490102767944,
-0.32904472947120667,
-0.15029369294643402,
-0.9155857563018799,
-0.30179890990257263,
0.33968281745910645,
0.8509690165519714,
0.8735135793685913,
-0.4833056628704071,
0.3607741892337799,
-0.8428813219070435,
0.03500128164887428,
0.32014909386634827,
0.40958449244499207,
-0.40355968475341797,
-0.009128185920417309,
0.13682600855827332,
0.31967413425445557,
0.34349507093429565,
-0.06669926643371582,
0.16198165714740753,
0.48800942301750183,
-0.004298337735235691,
-0.07275775820016861,
-0.5094711184501648,
-0.46863698959350586,
-0.2421281784772873,
0.7328105568885803,
0.5469127893447876,
-0.0685894712805748,
0.03958829492330551,
-0.10248148441314697,
0.7568949460983276,
-0.17995893955230713,
0.11358599364757538,
0.2009429782629013,
0.016445599496364594,
0.4389103949069977,
0.43349531292915344,
-0.8475762009620667,
0.28400421142578125,
0.26175716519355774,
-0.12170615047216415,
0.5660258531570435,
0.050064630806446075,
-0.4412337839603424,
-0.06317182630300522,
-0.5281386375427246,
-0.06393598765134811,
0.04903636500239372,
0.23982295393943787,
-0.5106068849563599,
-0.5936353206634521,
0.47398117184638977,
-0.6972538232803345,
-0.09868332743644714,
0.09662475436925888,
-0.11699596792459488,
0.00952408742159605,
0.22336962819099426,
-0.6300555467605591,
-0.1765356957912445,
-0.09568025916814804,
0.6748645901679993,
0.22137735784053802,
-0.27140945196151733,
0.12459996342658997,
0.11192914098501205,
-0.8054118752479553,
0.1501159816980362,
-0.0917918011546135,
0.3776405453681946,
-0.3982541561126709,
0.37972620129585266,
-0.7106284499168396,
0.19855356216430664,
0.14317059516906738,
0.47000381350517273,
-0.11546305567026138,
0.35713014006614685,
0.18085119128227234,
0.9492448568344116,
0.6944606304168701,
0.03959531709551811,
-0.46044081449508667,
0.2653357684612274,
-0.3367621898651123,
0.3348948359489441,
-0.149984672665596,
0.6074894070625305,
0.27232328057289124,
-0.13135743141174316,
-0.03892527148127556,
0.22966116666793823,
-0.6067219376564026,
0.48983123898506165,
-0.2654950022697449,
0.22014014422893524,
-0.7836430072784424,
0.24953682720661163,
0.08324543386697769,
0.5957658886909485,
0.5283747911453247,
1.328041911125183,
0.5540310740470886,
-0.42541125416755676,
-0.606170117855072,
0.10971749573945999,
0.4513695240020752,
0.3560710549354553,
-0.7404065132141113,
-0.12798482179641724,
-0.593575119972229,
-0.5180014371871948,
-0.46204912662506104,
0.5056724548339844,
0.6681832671165466,
-0.2713516652584076,
0.3782883882522583,
-0.31076136231422424,
-0.13987673819065094,
-0.18452560901641846,
-0.21944904327392578,
0.014797667041420937,
0.4523082971572876,
0.3302941620349884
]
|
128345 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesus%20College%2C%20Oxford | Jesus College, Oxford | Jesus College (in full: Jesus College in the University of Oxford of Queen Elizabeth's Foundation) is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England. It is in the centre of the city, on a site between Turl Street, Ship Street, Cornmarket Street and Market Street. The college was founded by Elizabeth I on 27 June 1571 for the education of clergy, though students now study a broad range of secular subjects. A major driving force behind the establishment of the college was Hugh Price (or Ap Rhys), a churchman from Brecon in Wales. The oldest buildings, in the first quadrangle, date from the 16th and early 17th centuries; a second quadrangle was added between about 1640 and about 1713, and a third quadrangle was built in about 1906. Further accommodation was built on the main site to mark the 400th anniversary of the college, in 1971, and student flats have been constructed at sites in north and east Oxford.
The life of the college was disrupted by the English Civil War. Leoline Jenkins, who became principal after the war in 1661, put the college on a more stable financial footing. Little happened at the college during the 18th century, and the 19th century saw a decline in numbers and academic standards. Reforms of Oxford University after two Royal Commissions in the latter half of the 19th century led to removal of many of the restrictions placed on the college's fellowships and scholarships, such that the college ceased to be predominantly full of Welsh students and academics. Students' academic achievements rose in the early 20th century as fellows were appointed to teach in new subjects. Women were first admitted in 1974 and now form a large part of the undergraduate population.
There are about 475 students at any one time; the Principal of the college is Sir Nigel Shadbolt. Former students include Harold Wilson (who was twice British Prime Minister), Norman Washington Manley (Chief Minister of Jamaica), T. E. Lawrence ("Lawrence of Arabia"), Angus Buchanan (winner of the Victoria Cross), and Viscount Sankey (Lord Chancellor). The university's professorship of Celtic is attached to the college, a post held by scholars such as Sir John Rhys, Ellis Evans and Thomas Charles-Edwards. Past or present fellows of the college include the historians Sir Goronwy Edwards and Niall Ferguson, the philosopher Galen Strawson, and the political philosopher John Gray.
History
Foundation
Jesus College was founded on 27 June 1571, when Elizabeth I issued a royal charter. It was the first Protestant college to be founded at the university, and it is the only Oxford college to date from Elizabeth's reign. It was the first new Oxford college since 1555, in the reign of Queen Mary, when Trinity College and St John's College were founded as Roman Catholic colleges. The foundation charter named a principal (David Lewis), eight fellows, eight scholars, and eight commissioners to draw up the statutes for the college. The commissioners included Hugh Price, who had petitioned the queen to found a college at Oxford "that he might bestow his estate of the maintenance of certain scholars of Wales to be trained up in good letters." The college was originally intended primarily for the education of clergy. The particular intention was to satisfy a need for dedicated, learned clergy to promote the Elizabethan Religious Settlement in the parishes of England, Ireland and Wales. The college has since broadened the range of subjects offered, beginning with the inclusion of medicine and law, and now offers almost the full range of subjects taught at the university. The letters patent issued by Elizabeth I made it clear that the education of a priest in the 16th century included more than just theology, however:
Price continued to be closely involved with the college after its foundation. On the strength of a promised legacy, worth Β£60 a year on his death (approximately Β£ in present-day terms), he requested and received the authority to appoint the new college's principal, fellows and scholars. He financed early building work in the college's front quadrangle, but on his death in 1574 it transpired that the college received only a lump sum of around Β£600 (approximately Β£ in present-day terms). Problems with his bequest meant that it was not received in full for about 25 years. As the college had no other donors at this time, "for many years the college had buildings but no revenue".
17th century
The main benefactor, other than the King, was Eubule Thelwall, from Ruthin, North Wales, who became Principal in 1621; he succeeded in securing a new charter and statutes for the college from James I, having spent Β£5,000 of his own money on the hall and chapel, which earned him the title of its second founder. Thelwall died on 8 October 1630, aged 68 and was buried in Jesus College Chapel where a monument was erected to his memory by his brother Sir Bevis Thelwall (Page of the King's Bedchamber and Clerk of the Great Wardrobe).
Other benefactions in the 17th century include Herbert Westfaling, the Bishop of Hereford, who left enough property to support two fellowships and scholarships (with the significant proviso that "my kindred shallbe always preferred before anie others"). Sir Eubule Thelwall (principal 1621β1630) spent much of his own money on the construction of a chapel, hall and library for the college. The library, constructed above an over-weak colonnade, was pulled down under the principalship of Francis Mansell (1630β1649), who also built two staircases of residential accommodation to attract the sons of Welsh gentry families to the college.
The English Civil War "all but destroyed the corporate life of the college." Mansell was removed from his position as principal and Michael Roberts was installed. After the Restoration, Mansell was briefly reinstated as principal, before resigning in favour of Leoline Jenkins. It was Jenkins (principal 1661β1673) who secured the long-term viability of the college. On his death, in 1685, he bequeathed a large complex of estates, acquired largely by lawyer friends from the over-mortgaged landowners of the Restoration period. These estates allowed the college's sixteen fellowships and scholarships to be filled for the first timeΒ β officially, sixteen of each had been supported since 1622, but the college's income was too small to keep all occupied simultaneously. In 1713, the bequest of Welsh clergyman and former student Edmund Meyricke established a number of scholarships for students from north Wales, although these are now available to all Welsh students.
18th and 19th centuries
The 18th century, in contrast to the disruption of the 17th century, was a comparatively quiet time for the college. A historian of the college, J. N. L. Baker, wrote that the college records for this time "tell of little but routine entries and departures of fellows and scholars". The Napoleonic Wars saw a reduction in the numbers of students and entries in the records for the purchase of muskets and other items for college members serving in the university corps. After the war, numbers rose, to an average of twenty new students per year between 1821 and 1830. However, debts owed to the college had increased, perhaps due to the economic effects of the warΒ β by 1832, the college was owed Β£986 10s 5d (approximately Β£ in present-day terms). During the first half of the 19th century, the academic strength of the college diminished: scholarships were sometimes not awarded because of a lack of suitable candidates, and numbers fell: there were only seven new entrants in 1842. Ernest Hardy wrote in his history of the college in 1899 that it had been becoming "increasingly evident for years... that the exclusive connection with Wales was ruining the college as a place of education."
A Royal Commission was appointed in 1852 to investigate the university. The college wished to retain its links with Wales, and initial reforms were limited despite the wishes of the commissioners: those scholarships that were limited to particular parts of Wales were opened to the whole of Wales, and half of the fellowships awarded were to remain open only to Welshmen if and so long as the Principal and Fellows shall deem it expedient for the interests of education in connection with the Principality of Wales. All the scholarships at the college, except for two, and all the exhibitions were still restricted to students from Wales. The numbers of students at the college still fell, despite prizes being awarded for success in university examinations. Daniel Harper, principal from 1877 to 1895, noted the continuing academic decline. Speaking in 1879, he noted that fewer students from the college were reaching high standards in examinations, and that more Welsh students were choosing to study at other Oxford colleges in preference to Jesus. A further Royal Commission was appointed. This led to further changes at the college: in 1882, the fellowships reserved to Welshmen were made open to all, and only half (instead of all) of the 24 scholarships were to be reserved for Welsh candidates. Thereafter, numbers gradually rose and the non-Welsh element at the college increased, so that by 1914 only about half of the students were Welsh.
20th century
During the First World War, "the college in the ordinary sense almost ceased to exist". From 129 students in the summer of 1914, numbers dropped to 36 in the spring of 1916. Some refugee students from Belgium and Serbia lodged in empty rooms in the college during 1916, and officers of the Royal Flying Corps resided from August 1916 to December 1918. After the war, numbers rose and fellowships were added in new subjects: history (1919 and 1933); theology (1927); physics (1934); a second fellowship in chemistry (1924); and modern languages (lectureship 1921, fellowship 1944). The improved teaching led to greater success in university examinations and prizes.
In the inter-war years (1918β1939) Jesus was seen by some as a small college and something of a backwater; it attracted relatively few pupils from the public schools traditionally seen as the most prestigious. The college did, however, attract many academically able entrants from the grammar schools (particularly those in northern England and Scotland). Among these grammar-school boys was Harold Wilson, who would later become Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. During the Second World War, many of the fellows served in the armed forces or carried out war work in Oxford. The college remained full of students, though, as it provided lodgings for students from other colleges whose buildings had been requisitioned, and also housed officers on military courses.
The college had its own science laboratories from 1907 to 1947, which were overseen (for all but the last three years) by the physical chemist David Chapman, a fellow of the college from 1907 to 1944. At the time of their closure, they were the last college-based science laboratories at the university. They were named the Sir Leoline Jenkins laboratories, after a former principal of the college. The laboratories led to scientific research and tuition (particularly in chemistry) becoming an important part of the college's academic life. The brochure produced for the opening ceremony noted that the number of science students at the college had increased rapidly in recent years, and that provision of college laboratories would assist the tuition of undergraduates, as well as attracting to Jesus College graduates of the University of Wales who wished to continue their research at Oxford. A link between one of the college science lecturers and Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI) led to 17 students joining ICI between the two World Wars, some, such as John Rose, reaching senior levels in the company. The laboratories became unnecessary when the university began to provide centralised facilities for students; they were closed in 1947.
The quatercentenary of the college, in 1971, saw the opening of the Old Members' Buildings in the third quadrangle. Further student accommodation has been built at the sports ground and at a site in north Oxford. In 1974, Jesus was among the first group of five men's colleges to admit women as members, the others being Brasenose, Wadham, Hertford and St Catherine's; between one-third and one-half of the undergraduates are women. A long-standing rivalry with nearby Exeter College reached a peak in 1979, with seven police vehicles and three fire engines involved in dealing with trouble in Turl Street. Sir John Habakkuk (principal 1967β1984) and Sir Peter North (principal 1984β2005) both served terms as Vice-Chancellor of the university, from 1973 to 1977 and from 1993 to 1997 respectively.
Location and buildings
The main buildings are located in the centre of Oxford, between Turl Street, Ship Street, Cornmarket Street and Market Street. The main entrance is on Turl Street. The buildings are arranged in three quadrangles, the first quadrangle containing the oldest college buildings and the third quadrangle the newest. The foundation charter gave to the college a site between Market Street and Ship Street (which is still occupied by the college) as well as the buildings of a defunct university academic hall on the site, called White Hall. The buildings that now surround the first quadrangle were erected in stages between 1571 and the 1620s; the principal's lodgings were the last to be built. Progress was slow because the new college lacked the "generous endowments" that earlier colleges enjoyed. Before new buildings were completed, the students lived in the old buildings of White Hall.
First quadrangle
The chapel was dedicated on 28 May 1621, and extended in 1636. The architectural historian Giles Worsley has described the chapel's east window (added in 1636) as an instance of Gothic Revival architecture, rather than Gothic Survival, since a choice was made to use an outdated styleΒ β classical architecture had become accepted as "the only style in which it was respectable to build". Jonathan Edwards (principal from 1686 to 1712) is reported to have spent Β£1,000 (approximately Β£ in present-day terms) during his lifetime on the interior of the chapel, including the addition of a screen separating the main part of the chapel from the ante-chapel (at the west end) in 1693. In 1853, stained glass by George Hedgeland was added to the east window. In 1863, the architect George Edmund Street was appointed to renovate the chapel. The arch of the chancel was widened, the original Jacobean woodwork was removed (save for the screen donated by Edwards and the pulpit), new seats were installed, new paving was placed in the main part of the chapel and a stone reredos was added behind the altar. Views of the changes have differed. On 21 October 1864, Building News reported that the restoration was nearing completion and was of "a very spirited character". It said that the new "handsome" arch showed the east window "to great advantage", with "other improvements" including a "handsome reredos". Ernest Hardy, principal from 1921 to 1925, said that the work was "ill-considered", described the reredos as "somewhat tawdry" and said that the Jacobean woodwork had been sold off too cheaply. In contrast, the architectural historian Nikolaus Pevsner called the reredos "heavily gorgeous".
The principal of the college resides in the lodgings, a Grade I listed building, on the north side of the first quadrangle between the chapel (to the east) and the hall (to the west). They were the last part of the first quadrangle to be built. Sir Eubule Thelwall, principal from 1621 to 1630, built the lodgings at his own expense, to include (in the words of the antiquarian Anthony Wood) "a very fair dining-room adorned with wainscot curiously engraven". The shell-hood over the doorway (which Pevsner called "beautiful") was added at some point between 1670 and 1740; Pevsner dates it to about 1700.
The hall has been said to be "among the most impressive of all the Oxford college halls", with its "fine panelling, austere ceiling, and its notable paintings". Like the chapel, it was largely built by Griffith Powell between 1613 and 1620, and was finally completed soon after his death in 1620. Pevsner noted the "elaborately decorated columns" of the screen (installed in 1634) and the dragons along the frieze, and said that it was one of the earliest examples in Oxford of panelling using four "L" shapes around a centre. In 1741 and 1742, the oak-beamed roof was covered with plaster to make rooms in the roof space. Pevsner described the 1741 cartouche on the north wall, which contains the college crest, as "large [and] rich". The hall contains a portrait of Elizabeth I, as well as portraits of former principals and benefactors. There are also portraits by court artists of two other monarchs who were college benefactors: Charles I (by Anthony van Dyck) and Charles II (by Sir Peter Lely).
Second quadrangle
In 1640, Francis Mansell (appointed principal in 1630) began construction of a second quadrangle with buildings along the north and south sides; further work was interrupted by the English Civil War. Work began again in 1676, and the library (now the Fellows' Library) was completed by 1679. Under Jonathan Edwards (principal from 1688 to 1712), further rooms were built to complete the quadrangle; the project was completed just after his death in 1712. Pevsner described the second quadrangle as "a uniform composition", noting the "regular fenestration by windows with round-arched lights, their hood-moulds forming a continuous frieze". The Dutch gables have ogee sides and semi-circular pediments. The writer Simon Jenkins said that the quadrangle has "the familiar Oxford Tudor windows and decorative Dutch gables, crowding the skyline like Welsh dragons' teeth and lightened by exuberant flower boxes".
The Fellows' Library contains bookcases decorated with strapwork dating from about 1628, which were used in an earlier library in the college. Hardy's opinion was that, "if only it had an open timber roof instead of the plain ceiling, it would be one of the most picturesque College Libraries". Another author said (in 1914, after the provision of a library for undergraduates elsewhere in the quadrangle) that it was "one of the most charming of Oxford libraries, and one of the least frequented". It holds 11,000 antiquarian printed books and houses many of the college's rare texts, including a Greek bible dating from 1545 and signed by Philipp Melanchthon and others, much of the library of the scholar and philosopher Lord Herbert of Cherbury and 17th-century volumes by Robert Boyle and Sir Isaac Newton.
Third quadrangle
The long but narrow third quadrangle adjoins Ship Street, on the north of the site and to the west of the garden of the principal's lodgings, where the college has owned some land since its foundation. In the 18th century, this was home to the college stables. A fire in 1904 led to the demolition of the stables and the gateway to Ship Street. Replacement buildings adjoining Ship Street, effectively creating a third quadrangle for the college, were constructed between 1906 and 1908. It contained the college's science laboratories (now closed) and a new gate-tower, as well as further living accommodation and a library for students, known as the Meyricke Library, after a major donorΒ β there had been an undergraduate library in the second quadrangle since 1865, known as the Meyricke Library from 1882 onwards.
The Old Members' Building, which contains a music room, 24 study-bedrooms and some lecture rooms, was built between 1969 and 1971. It was built after a fundraising appeal to Old Members to mark the college's quatercentenary, and was opened by the Prince of Wales in 1971. The Fellows' Garden is between the Old Members' Building and the rear of the rooms on the west side of the second quadrangle. In 2002, a two-year project to rebuild the property above the college-owned shops on Ship Street was completed. As part of the work, the bottom floor was converted from rooms occupied by students and fellows into a new Junior Common Room (JCR), to replace the common room in the second quadrangle, which was by then too small to cope with the increased numbers of students.
Fourth quadrangle
In 2019 work began on redevelopment of a commercial property, Northgate House, owned by the college on the corner of Cornmarket and Market Streets, to provide new student accommodation above retail facilities with a new quad and other teaching facilities behind, projected for completion to mark the college's 450th anniversary in 2021.
Other buildings
The college purchased of land in east Oxford (near the Cowley Road) in 1903 for use as a sports ground. Residential accommodation was first built at the sports ground in 1967 (Thelwall House, rebuilt in 1998), with additions between 1988 and 1990 (Hugh Price House and Leoline Jenkins House). A further development, known as Hazel Court (after Alfred Hazel, principal 1925β1944), was built in 2000, bringing the total number of students who can be housed at the sports ground to 135.
Donations from Edwin Stevens, an Old Member of the college, enabled the construction in 1974 of student flats at a site in north Oxford on the Woodstock Road, named "Stevens Close" in his honour.
The college also owns a number of houses on Ship Street, which are used for student accommodation. It purchased a further site in Ship Street at a cost of Β£1.8M, which was converted at a projected cost of Β£5.5M to provide 31Β student rooms with en-suite facilities, a 100-seat lecture theatre and other teaching rooms. The Ship Street Centre was officially opened by the Chancellor of the University of Oxford, Lord Patten of Barnes, on 25 September 2010.
People associated with the college
Principals and Fellows
The college is run by the Principal and Fellows. The Principal must be "a person distinguished for literary or scientific attainments, or for services in the work of education in the University or elsewhere". The Principal has "pre-eminence and authority over all members of the College and all persons connected therewith" and exercises "a general superintendence in all matters relating to education and discipline". The current Principal, Sir Nigel Shadbolt, was appointed in 2015. Fourteen Principals have been former students of the college: Griffith Powell (elected in 1613) was the first and Alfred Hazel (elected in 1925) was the most recent. The longest-serving principal was Henry Foulkes, from 1817 to 1857.
When the college was founded in 1571, the first charter installed David Lewis as Principal and named eight others as the first Fellows of the college. The statutes of 1622 allowed for 16 Fellows. There is now no limit on the number of Fellowships that the Governing Body can create. The college statutes provide for various categories of Fellows. Professorial Fellows are those Professors and Readers of the university who are allocated to the college by the university. One of these professorships is the Jesus Professor of Celtic, which is the only chair in Celtic Studies at an English university. Celtic scholars such as Sir John Rhys and Ellis Evans have held the position since its creation in 1877. The chair is currently vacant, having been held by Thomas Charles-Edwards until his retirement in 2011. The zoologists Charles Godfray and Paul Harvey are both Professorial Fellows. Official Fellows are those who hold tutorial or administrative appointments in the college. Past Official Fellows include the composer and musicologist John Caldwell, the historians Sir Goronwy Edwards and Niall Ferguson, the philosopher Galen Strawson and the political philosopher John Gray. There are also Senior and Junior Research Fellows. Principals and Fellows who retire can be elected as Emeritus Fellows.
A further category is that of Welsh Supernumerary Fellows, who are, in rotation, the Vice-Chancellors of Cardiff University, Swansea University, Lampeter University, Aberystwyth University, Bangor University and the University of Wales College of Medicine. There is one Welsh Supernumerary Fellow at a time, holding the position for not longer than three years. The first of these was John Viriamu Jones in 1897.
The college formerly had a category of missionary Fellows, known as Leoline Fellows after their founder, Leoline Jenkins (a former principal). In his will in 1685, he stated that "It is but too obvious that the persons in Holy Orders employed in his Majesty's fleet at sea and foreign plantations are too few." To address this, he established two Fellowships at Jesus College, whose holders should serve as clergy "in any of his Majesty's fleets or in his Majesty's plantations" under the direction of the Lord High Admiral and the Bishop of London respectively. The last of these, Frederick de Winton, was appointed in 1876 and held his Fellowship until his death in 1932. This category was abolished in 1877 by the Oxford and Cambridge Universities Commission, without prejudice to the rights of existing holders such as de Winton. Another category of Fellowship that was abolished in the 19th century was that of the King Charles I Fellows, founded by King Charles in 1636 and tenable by natives of the Channel Islands in an attempt by him to "reclaim the Channel Islands from the extreme Calvinism which characterised them." The first such Fellow was Daniel Brevint.
Honorary Fellows
The Governing Body has the ability to elect "distinguished persons" to Honorary Fellowships. Under the current statutes of the college, Honorary Fellows cannot vote at meetings of the Governing Body and do not receive financial reward. They can be called upon, however, to help decide whether to dismiss or discipline members of academic staff (including the Principal).
Three former principals of the college (John Christie, Sir John Habakkuk and Sir Peter North) have been elected Honorary Fellows on retirement. Some Honorary Fellows were formerly Fellows of the college, others were Old Members of the college, and some were in both categories. Others had no previous academic connection with the college before their election. Some of these were distinguished WelshmenΒ β for example, the Welsh businessman Sir Alfred Jones was elected in 1902 and the Welsh judge Sir Samuel Evans, President of the Probate, Divorce and Admiralty Division of the High Court, was elected in 1918. The Welsh politician David Lloyd George was elected to an Honorary Fellowship in 1910 when he was Chancellor of the Exchequer. He wrote to Sir John Rhys, the Principal at the time, to thank the college for the honour, saying:
The first three Honorary Fellows, all former students of the college, were elected in October 1877: John Rhys, the first Jesus Professor of Celtic (later an Official Fellow (1881β1895) and Principal (1895β1915)); the historian John Richard Green; and the poet Lewis Morris. The college noted in 1998 that the number of Honorary Fellows of the college was markedly below the average of other Oxford colleges and it adopted a more methodical approach to increase numbers. Seven Honorary Fellows were elected that year, followed by another five in 1999. The college's Honorary Fellows have included two Old Members who later became Prime Minister of their respective countries: Norman Washington Manley, who studied at Jesus College as a Rhodes Scholar and who was Chief Minister of Jamaica from 1955 to 1962, and Harold Wilson, who was twice British Prime Minister (1964β1970 and 1974β1976). The first female honorary fellow was the journalist and broadcaster Francine Stock.
Alumni
Notable former students of the college have included politicians, scientists, writers, entertainers and academics. T. E. Lawrence ("Lawrence of Arabia"), known for his part in the Arab Revolt of 1916β1918 and for his writings including Seven Pillars of Wisdom, studied history at the college. His thesis on Crusader castles (the fieldwork for which marked the beginning of his fascination with the Middle East) is held in the Fellows' Library. Other former students include Harold Wilson, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1964 to 1970 and 1974β1976, Pixley ka Isaka Seme (a founder and president of the African National Congress), Sir William Williams (Speaker of the House of Commons 1680β1685), and Lord Sankey (Lord Chancellor 1929β1935). Members of Parliament from the three main political parties in the United Kingdom have attended the college, as have politicians from Australia (Neal Blewett), New Zealand (Harold Rushworth), Sri Lanka (Lalith Athulathmudali) and the United States (Heather Wilson).
The founders' hopes that their college would produce prominent Welsh clergy were fulfilled in no small measure when a former student, A. G. Edwards, was elected the first Archbishop of Wales when the Church in Wales was disestablished in 1920. Two later Archbishops of Wales, Glyn Simon (Archbishop from 1968 to 1971) and Gwilym Owen Williams (Archbishop 1971β1982) were also educated at the college. Celticists associated with the college include Sir John Rhys, Sir John Morris-Jones, and Sir Thomas (T. H.) Parry-Williams, whilst the list of historians includes the college's first graduate, David Powel, who published the first printed history of Wales in 1584, the Victorian historian J. R. Green, and the historian Richard J. Evans. Angus Buchanan won the Victoria Cross during the First World War. Record-breaking quadriplegic solo sailor Hilary Lister was also a student here, whilst from the field of arts and entertainment there are names such as Magnus Magnusson, presenter of Mastermind, the National Poet of Wales Gwyn Thomas, and television weather presenters Kirsty McCabe and SiΓ’n Lloyd. Nigel Hitchin, the Savilian Professor of Geometry at Oxford since 1997, studied at the college, as did Edward Hinds (a physicist who won the Rumford Medal in 2008), Chris Rapley (director of the Science Museum), and the zoologists Edward Bagnall Poulton and James BrontΓ« Gatenby.
Student life
There are about 325 undergraduates and 150 postgraduates. About half of the undergraduates studied at state schools before coming to Oxford, and about 10% are from overseas. Students from the college participate in a variety of extracurricular activities. Some contribute to student journalism for Cherwell or The Oxford Student. The Turl Street Arts Festival (a week-long student-organised event) is held annually in conjunction with the two other colleges on Turl Street, Exeter and Lincoln colleges. The festival, which takes place in Fifth Week of Hilary term, includes exhibitions, plays and concerts. Although the college does not award choral scholarships, the chapel choir is well-attended by college members and others. The choir is non-auditioning for college members, and is run by one or more undergraduate organ scholars.
Every three years, the college co-organises the Somerville-Jesus Ball on the grounds of Somerville College. The next ball will be held in 2019, with a capacity of 1500 people. The College has generally been referred to as Oxfordβs βfootballing collegeβ, having won over half of the universityβs annual Hassanβs Cup competitions, as well as reaching the Cuppers Final in 1998 and 2022.
Library and archives
The main library at Jesus College is the Meyricke Library; older printed books are housed in the historic Fellowsβ Library. The medieval manuscripts should be directed to re held at the Bodleian Libraries, where they are on deposit. The archives hold the administrative documents of the college since its foundation, as well as a large collection of documents, photographs, and printed papers. There is also an extensive Celtic Library. In 2021, the College Librarian was Owen McKnight.
Medieval and early modern manuscripts owned at Jesus College date back to the 11th century and since 1886 have been deposited at the Bodleian Libraries. Some of the most important Welsh language manuscripts are at Jesus College, including the Red Book of Hergest (1285-1320). Modern manuscripts include T.E. Lawrenceβs undergraduate thesis (MS. 181).
Sports
In common with many Oxford colleges, Jesus provides sporting facilities for students, including playing fields at a site in east Oxford off the Cowley Road known as Bartlemas (for its proximity to St Bartholomew's Chapel). Football, rugby, netball, field hockey, cricket, and tennis can be played there. Squash courts are at a separate city-centre site on St Cross Road. The college also provides students with membership of the university's gym and swimming pool on Iffley Road.
Jesus College Boat Club (commonly abbreviated to JCBC) is the rowing club for members of the college. The club was formed in 1835, but rowing at the college predates the foundation of the club: a boat from the college was involved in the earliest recorded races between college crews at Oxford in 1815, when it competed against a crew from Brasenose College. These may have been the only two colleges who had boats racing at that time, and the Brasenose boat was usually victorious. Neither the men's nor the women's 1st VIIIs have been "Head of the River" during Eights Week, the main college races, but the women's 1st VIII was Head of the River in the spring races, Torpids, between 1980 and 1983. Jesus boats have also had other successful seasons: the 1896 Jesus College boat had a reputation of being one of the faster boats in the university, and the women's 1st VIII of 1993 won their "blades" in the first divisions of both Torpids and Eights Week, an achievement that led to the crew being described in the Jesus College Record as vying "not just for the College team of the decade, but perhaps for the team of the last three decades", in any sport.
A number of college members have rowed for the university against Cambridge University in the Boat Race and the Women's Boat Race. Barney Williams, a Canadian rower who studied at the college, won a silver medal in rowing at the 2004 Summer Olympics, and participated in the Boat Race in 2005 and 2006. Other students who rowed while at the college have achieved success in other fields, including John Sankey, who became Lord Chancellor, Alwyn Williams, who became Bishop of Durham, and Maurice Jones, who became Principal of St David's College, Lampeter. Another college rower, James Page, was appointed Secretary of the Amateur Rowing Association and coached both the Oxford and Cambridge University boat clubs.
The college boathouse, which is shared with the boat club of Keble College, is in Christ Church Meadow, on the Isis (as the River Thames is called in Oxford). It dates from 1964 and replaced a moored barge used by spectators and crew-members. The last college barge had been purchased from one of the Livery Companies of the City of London in 1911. It is now a floating restaurant further down the Thames at Richmond, and for some years was painted in the college scarf of green and white.
Welsh connection
Education in Wales had been stimulated by the foundation of schools during the reigns of Henry VIII and Edward VI: King Henry VIII Grammar School in Abergavenny 1542 and Christ College, Brecon 1541 were established in the 1540s, and Friars School, Bangor dates from 1557. However, despite the numbers of Welsh students coming to Oxford University as a result, there was no special provision for Welshmen before 1571. Despite the links with Wales that Hugh Price and many of the founding Fellows had, neither the 1571 charter nor any of the later charters limited entry to the college to Welshmen. Nevertheless, the college students were predominantly Welsh from the outset, and the college became "the pinnacle of the academic ambition of the young men of Wales". Many of the fellows in the past were Welsh, since when new fellowships were created by benefactions (often by people of Welsh descent) there was frequently a stipulation that the recipients would be related to the donor or come from a specified part of Wales. These specific limitations were removed as part of reforms of Oxford University during the 19th century. Between 1571 and 1915, only one Principal (Francis Howell, 1657β1660) was not from Wales or of Welsh descent.
Jesus still has a particular association with Wales and is often referred to as "the Welsh college". The college is home to the university's Professor of Celtic, and a specialist Celtic library in addition to the college's normal library. Meyrick scholarships, from the bequest of Edmund Meyrick in 1713, are awarded for academic merit where the student is a native of Wales (or the child of a native of Wales), able to speak Welsh or was educated for the last three years of secondary school in Wales.
The college's undergraduate gossip sheet is entitled The Sheepshagger in allusion to an offensive joke about Welsh people's supposed penchant for sheep. Furthermore, the Welshness of the college is self-perpetuating, as Welsh students will often apply to Jesus because it is seen as the Welsh college. Old members recall the college having a majority of Welsh members until well into the 20th century; today, however, around 15% of undergraduates come from Wales. For comparison, residents of Wales comprise just under 5% of the United Kingdom population (2.9Β million out of a total of 58.8Β million at the time of the 2001 Census).
In modern times, the Welsh roots of the college come to the fore most prominently on Saint David's Day. The feast is marked by a choral Evensong in the chapel, decorated for the occasion with daffodils. The service, including music, is conducted entirely in Welsh (despite only a small minority of the choir usually being native speakers of the language). It is generally well attended by members of the Welsh community in Oxford. The college's annual St. David's Day Dinner traditionally culminates with the serving of Sir Watkin Williams-Wynn's Pudding. The name recalls the Welsh politician and prominent Jacobite who attended the college early in the 18th century.
The Welsh connection is also evident in the college's outreach activities, such as organising a summer school for Welsh students in partnership with the Welsh Government's Seren Network.
Silverware
The college's collection of silverware includes a silver-gilt punch bowl, presented by Sir Watkin Williams-Wynn in 1732. The bowl, which weighs more than and holds , was used at a dinner held in the Radcliffe Camera in 1814, to celebrate what was supposed to be the final defeat of Napoleon. Those present at the dinner included the Tsar, the King of Prussia, BlΓΌcher, Metternich, the Prince Regent, the Duke of York and the Duke of Wellington. There is a college tradition that the bowl will be presented to anyone who can meet two challenges. The first is to put arms around the bowl at its widest point; the second is to drain the bowl of strong punch. The bowl measures at its widest point, and so the first challenge has only been accomplished rarely; the second challenge has not been met.
Coat of arms
The college's coat of arms, in heraldic terminology, is Vert, three stags trippant argent attired or. The arms are not those of Hugh Price. His arms, according to their depiction in the margins of his will, were gules (red) a chevron ermine between three fleurs-des-lis. The arms were not granted or authorised by the College of Arms, but the length of time for which they have been used has given them a prescriptive authority.
The earliest depiction of the arms was thought to be about 1590, in a document held by the College of Arms, which refers to the stags appearing on a blue (in heraldic terms, azure) background but subsequent examination of this document by Peter Donoghue, Bluemantle Pursuivant shows that the arms were added c.1680 . The first known appearance of the arms is therefore on John Speed's Map of Oxfordshire in 1605 with a blue field. The green field made its appearance by 1619 in an armorial quarry painted by one of the Van Linge brothers. The green background became generally (but not universally) used by the 1730s, still appearing as horizontal hatchings indicating azure were in use on bookplates for the college library as late as 1761.
There are similarities with the arms of Lincoln College, Oxford, where one of the elements consists of three golden stags statant (standing still); this was derived from the coat of arms of Lincoln's so-called "second founder", Thomas Rotherham. It was once claimed that Jesus had stolen the stags from Lincoln, but the counter-argument (from an antiquarian with close Lincoln connections) was that the origins of each were distinct. One suggestion (by Paul Langford, the Rector of Lincoln College) is that Jesus College continued the arms adopted by a theological college founded by Rotherham in his home townΒ β Jesus College, RotherhamΒ β which had been suppressed in the time of Edward VI.
The arms of Maud Green, Lady Parr, mother of Catherine Parr (the last of the six wives of Henry VIII and stepmother to Elizabeth I), were of three stags on an azure background, and this became one of the elements of the arms of Catherine Parr on her marriage. Her sister, Anne Parr, married William, 1st Earl of Pembroke, whose grandson (the 3rd Earl, also called William) became the first Visitor of the college in 1622. Maud Green's arms are depicted in plasterwork from about 1592 at Powis Castle, owned by a kinsman of the earls. One writer has suggested that the college may have adopted the arms in order to be associated with one of the leading Welsh families of the day.
This latter theory is not heraldically tenable as the quarters in an achievement after the first and pronominal quarter brought into the family by marriage to heraldic heiresses cannot meaningfully exist on their own to represent the person who now quarters them. It is more probable then that the arms of the college really are those of Archbishop Rotherham and were assumed to be those of the college by John Speed who saw them on one of its buildings in 1605 when preparing his map. Lawrence Hall in Ship Street was given to Rotherham in 1476 and leased to Jesus in 1572. It may well have displayed the Archbishop's arms in its structure as did the building on the south side of the front quad of Lincoln which he completed. These arms for Jesus College could not be confused with those of Lincoln as that college, since 1574, already had a complex tripartite coat granted to it by Richard Lee, Portcullis Pursuivant, in which the colour of the stags in the centre section had been changed to Or (gold) and their attitude to statant.
Graces
Grace is said by a scholar of the college at Formal Hall (the second, more elaborate sitting of dinner).
Before dinner
Translation:
We wretched and needy men reverently give thee thanks, almighty God, heavenly Father, for the food which thou hast sanctified and bestowed for the sustenance of the body, so that we may use it thankfully; at the same time we beseech thee that thou wouldst impart to us the food of angels, the true bread of heaven, the eternal word of God, Jesus Christ our Lord, so that our mind may feed on him and that through his flesh and blood we may be nourished, sustained and strengthened.
After dinner
Quandoquidem nos, Domine, donis tuis, omnipotens et misericors Deus, exsatiasti, effice ut posthac quid per nos fieri aut secus velis diligenter observemus, atque illud animo sincero effectum praestemus, per Iesum Christum Dominum nostrum.
VersicleΒ β Domine, salvam fac Reginam.
ResponseΒ β Et exaudi nos in die qua invocaverimus te.
Translation:
Since, O Lord, almighty and most merciful God, thou hast satisfied us with thy gifts, ensure from henceforth that we may diligently regard what thou wishest to be done or left undone by us and cause this to be effected with sincere heart, through Jesus Christ our Lord.
Versicle:Β β O Lord, keep the Queen safe.
Response:Β β And hear us in the day in which we call on thee.
God in whose hands are the hearts of Kings, who art the consoler of the humble and the protector of all who hope in thee, grant to our Queen Elizabeth and to the Christian people to celebrate wisely the triumph of thy goodness so that they may be always renewed to glory through thee, through Jesus Christ our Lord.
Modern Grace
Benedictus Benedicat.
References
Citations
Sources
Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (). Oxford University Press. Cited in references as: ODNB
External links
MCR (postgraduates) website
JCR (undergraduates) website
Virtual Tour of Jesus College
1571 establishments in England
Colleges of the University of Oxford
Educational institutions established in the 1570s
Welsh culture | [
0.102808378636837,
0.6154204607009888,
0.22169548273086548,
-0.6266829967498779,
0.14195021986961365,
0.9435029625892639,
0.5721832513809204,
1.2485729455947876,
-0.5864642262458801,
-0.3913334012031555,
-0.4434252679347992,
-0.2058970034122467,
0.23719251155853271,
0.03888292238116264,
-0.0024462188594043255,
-0.5300842523574829,
0.7084877490997314,
0.3593903183937073,
0.024088241159915924,
-0.8738079071044922,
-0.2603849470615387,
0.3743942677974701,
-0.5527857542037964,
0.5442466139793396,
-0.13536390662193298,
0.17792408168315887,
0.3568100333213806,
-0.2823132872581482,
-0.22855941951274872,
-0.47928106784820557,
0.5879217982292175,
0.18168869614601135,
0.1454106867313385,
-0.38743969798088074,
0.012133955024182796,
-0.45840615034103394,
0.1239205002784729,
-0.45389312505722046,
-0.024958133697509766,
-0.019506948068737984,
0.24077123403549194,
-0.3427715301513672,
0.41236239671707153,
0.24038667976856232,
-0.32639890909194946,
-0.7390073537826538,
-0.7091874480247498,
0.5098281502723694,
-0.7278462052345276,
0.6125701069831848,
0.38861778378486633,
0.4207606613636017,
0.42455363273620605,
-0.366578608751297,
0.1973308026790619,
0.3730013966560364,
-0.6953005790710449,
0.15411008894443512,
0.36405688524246216,
-0.2500286102294922,
-0.08199411630630493,
0.7340937852859497,
-0.021608876064419746,
0.5687931180000305,
-0.5332302451133728,
-0.18465277552604675,
0.1654321551322937,
0.1591978371143341,
-0.7370803952217102,
-0.4684714078903198,
-0.026799287647008896,
-0.3528699278831482,
-0.16485799849033356,
0.6076964139938354,
-0.571336567401886,
-0.8525052070617676,
-0.09966091066598892,
0.25070658326148987,
0.24846358597278595,
0.08761260658502579,
0.27314361929893494,
0.32751724123954773,
0.36115482449531555,
0.6984735131263733,
0.6538099646568298,
0.8997631072998047,
-0.8084080815315247,
-0.40838682651519775,
-0.45017385482788086,
0.5596215128898621,
-0.48604127764701843,
0.3309588134288788,
-0.08286426216363907,
0.08394785970449448,
-0.007785751949995756,
-0.21317137777805328,
-0.2011827528476715,
0.15375477075576782,
0.30197131633758545,
-0.26600292325019836,
-0.7915053963661194,
0.35565823316574097,
0.29973211884498596,
0.003380161477252841,
-0.47986936569213867,
0.20708665251731873,
-0.9488787055015564,
-0.5262147188186646,
-0.27130064368247986,
0.18392930924892426,
-0.7766516804695129,
0.07047761976718903,
-0.48341506719589233,
0.4271557033061981,
-0.1867636889219284,
-0.4813236594200134,
-0.4298588037490845,
-0.6176687479019165,
-0.9609736204147339,
-0.3888843357563019,
-0.7467274069786072,
0.5481874942779541,
0.33541339635849,
0.5583819150924683,
0.061898574233055115,
0.3693883419036865,
0.33295971155166626,
0.43205204606056213,
-0.36098015308380127,
-0.19077494740486145,
0.5553168654441833,
1.030935287475586,
0.2361546754837036,
-0.28652307391166687,
0.045644279569387436,
0.1962345987558365,
0.12407165765762329,
-0.04690467193722725,
0.18190594017505646,
0.5666047930717468,
-0.7629518508911133,
-0.5646681189537048,
0.02836795523762703,
0.17726261913776398,
0.05125043913722038,
-0.15623003244400024,
-0.4306144416332245,
0.05581505224108696,
-0.44001540541648865,
-0.19778598845005035,
0.4701010286808014,
0.4188132584095001,
-0.4510044753551483,
-0.6413500905036926,
0.1554190069437027,
0.46220865845680237,
0.12768350541591644,
0.3278807997703552,
-0.01813194714486599,
0.08901290595531464,
-0.7199532985687256,
-0.20036602020263672,
0.5559142231941223,
-0.5135575532913208,
-0.07207278162240982,
0.11801426857709885,
0.6121116876602173,
-0.6096059679985046,
-0.6634819507598877,
0.27131399512290955,
-0.7945743203163147,
-0.3123761713504791,
0.3889128267765045,
-0.2873154878616333,
-0.20407728850841522,
-0.52215176820755,
1.0077333450317383,
0.19484925270080566,
0.7599483728408813,
-0.33661091327667236,
-0.6680884957313538,
0.19477345049381256,
-0.061729613691568375,
-0.12333773076534271,
-0.3145398199558258,
-0.05232169106602669,
-0.2304016649723053,
0.14932772517204285,
-0.35164573788642883,
0.023444896563887596,
-0.7205454111099243,
-0.42672595381736755,
-0.29065966606140137,
0.020078586414456367,
1.110628366470337,
-0.33012688159942627,
-0.7387306094169617,
0.5039652585983276,
-0.5321407318115234,
0.6646436452865601,
-0.04588150978088379,
-0.004812909755855799,
-0.43990132212638855,
-0.7426289319992065,
-0.3230184018611908,
-0.018894707784056664,
0.42165273427963257,
0.0849977433681488,
0.6333656907081604,
0.14140431582927704,
0.12219131737947464,
-0.29805463552474976,
-0.017272934317588806,
0.33495423197746277,
0.047554269433021545,
-0.4116651117801666,
-0.2148691713809967,
-0.392497181892395,
0.35015448927879333,
-0.8251409530639648,
0.911795973777771,
-0.40628811717033386,
0.8371157646179199,
0.15706512331962585,
-0.3554610013961792,
0.21872146427631378,
-0.29611513018608093,
0.671870231628418,
0.2871677577495575,
-0.631824254989624,
0.40312162041664124,
0.26791051030158997,
-0.17606422305107117,
0.20152930915355682,
0.01759234257042408,
-0.6378333568572998,
-0.26439550518989563,
-0.564180314540863,
0.4890805184841156,
0.008320288732647896,
0.33300310373306274,
-0.42200806736946106,
-0.9344974160194397,
0.36305269598960876,
0.1337585598230362,
-0.3395290970802307,
-0.15358731150627136,
0.09577418863773346,
-0.7174190878868103,
-0.10124607384204865,
0.079938143491745,
-0.19250819087028503,
0.4034339189529419,
-0.012822795659303665,
-0.10893189907073975,
0.024799402803182602,
-0.20414963364601135,
0.30881720781326294,
0.10894538462162018,
0.4134596884250641,
-0.3694453239440918,
0.023327043280005455,
0.19115208089351654,
0.5594940781593323,
-0.2928081452846527,
-0.3040371537208557,
-0.2459365874528885,
-0.6475067734718323,
0.060263197869062424,
0.138754740357399,
0.07853615283966064,
-0.5326781272888184,
-0.3235388398170471,
0.2750542461872101,
-0.27517250180244446,
0.09744322299957275,
0.022777464240789413,
0.26001787185668945,
-0.6200537085533142,
-0.41345539689064026,
0.07112771272659302,
0.3096165657043457,
-0.36045846343040466,
-0.39103591442108154,
-0.06594133377075195,
0.22304797172546387,
-0.17354092001914978,
-0.4638192057609558,
-0.41274935007095337,
-0.032110076397657394,
-0.23643623292446136,
0.688783586025238,
0.21155376732349396,
-0.10457397997379303,
0.6665439605712891,
0.24449816346168518,
0.2945547103881836,
-0.34417644143104553,
-0.011415787972509861,
-0.2635299861431122,
-0.11961010098457336,
0.8057854175567627,
0.623314380645752,
0.6060292720794678,
0.6194208264350891,
-0.1400059461593628,
-0.040268443524837494,
0.5218655467033386,
-5.519686698913574,
-0.0581018440425396,
-0.5924451947212219,
0.20687080919742584,
1.1815943717956543,
-0.38827112317085266,
0.41254520416259766,
-0.6576788425445557,
-0.11499480903148651,
-0.40991395711898804,
-0.4178638458251953,
0.2913472056388855,
-0.11040455102920532,
0.3529438078403473,
0.5930512547492981,
0.6491906046867371,
0.4289873540401459,
0.13735152781009674,
0.06643380969762802,
0.6367551684379578,
-0.47282874584198,
0.3999997079372406,
0.060062408447265625,
0.5440030097961426,
-0.24941278994083405,
0.4472295343875885,
-0.2733088433742523,
0.3166503608226776,
-0.5118111371994019,
-0.4125756621360779,
0.2561568319797516,
-0.17935718595981598,
0.2723982334136963,
-0.5483977794647217,
-0.4435853958129883,
0.28052765130996704,
0.3978811502456665,
0.25092220306396484,
-0.03664376214146614,
-0.16304439306259155,
0.4190087914466858,
0.20362834632396698,
0.043909862637519836,
-0.37612414360046387,
0.47215747833251953,
-0.4878772497177124,
-0.7060595750808716,
0.09746096283197403,
-0.4217599928379059,
0.3891235291957855,
-0.5893663763999939,
0.31122252345085144,
0.39450931549072266,
0.2571512460708618,
-0.10751848667860031,
-0.4954245388507843,
0.09488438069820404,
-0.026116730645298958,
0.13549178838729858,
-0.35250887274742126,
0.3121691644191742,
-0.6839825510978699,
-0.3582943081855774,
-0.5764651298522949,
-0.30039504170417786,
-0.4628172814846039,
-0.1408698558807373,
0.6369680762290955,
0.40936896204948425,
0.42360395193099976,
0.03950360044836998,
-0.13166138529777527,
0.08255337178707123,
-0.7387052178382874,
-0.5705879926681519,
-0.5808316469192505,
-0.08297023177146912,
-0.13163813948631287,
-0.12550394237041473,
0.32729125022888184,
-0.06651497632265091,
-0.01509756501764059,
-0.05065533146262169,
0.2712360918521881,
0.2872144281864166,
-0.794025719165802,
-0.20562417805194855,
0.0675608441233635,
-0.5701398253440857,
-0.2795688211917877,
-0.03513721749186516,
-0.16863465309143066,
-0.35000455379486084,
0.8295878171920776,
0.640487551689148,
-0.14204595983028412,
-0.0782388374209404,
0.7296966910362244,
-0.1860794723033905,
0.07382731139659882,
0.5252516269683838,
-0.43837833404541016,
0.30239424109458923,
0.08215080946683884,
-0.13699142634868622,
-0.42938733100891113,
0.14488554000854492,
0.3700579106807709,
0.29183369874954224,
0.13430161774158478,
0.3896419405937195,
-0.5661279559135437,
-0.6279568076133728,
0.14566917717456818,
-0.39833617210388184,
-0.1543276160955429,
0.04659096524119377,
-0.2123570591211319,
-0.4459682106971741,
0.22507615387439728,
0.07504809647798538,
0.07308592647314072,
0.021229784935712814,
0.12251909077167511,
-0.3050693869590759,
-0.31363850831985474,
0.24976710975170135,
-0.09631571918725967,
-0.20952942967414856,
-0.2978481650352478,
0.026638036593794823,
-0.29289767146110535,
0.3302944004535675,
0.5021982789039612,
-0.31108731031417847,
0.1264021247625351,
-0.4782756268978119,
-0.09748571366071701,
0.03917438164353371,
0.5796574354171753,
-0.0057833753526210785,
-0.0008232195395976305,
-0.008629701100289822,
-0.05174877867102623,
0.854071855545044,
0.4808085858821869,
-0.3002445101737976,
0.3330897092819214,
-0.7046161890029907,
0.6550650000572205,
-0.3187545835971832,
-0.42363300919532776,
0.2677951455116272,
0.24371978640556335,
0.2156490981578827,
0.03357512131333351,
-0.6398082375526428,
0.5550585985183716,
-0.13883817195892334,
0.232198566198349,
-0.2536476254463196,
-0.13518822193145752,
-0.4909226894378662,
-0.23562827706336975,
0.5386360883712769,
0.3501583933830261,
0.08006788045167923,
-0.43207451701164246,
-0.7656360268592834,
0.2532586455345154,
0.08719435334205627,
-0.10546412318944931,
-0.6673043966293335,
0.002769632264971733,
0.552068293094635,
-0.019862836226820946,
-0.2553405463695526,
0.09270597994327545,
-0.014441638253629208,
0.027940908446907997,
0.305986225605011,
-0.34385496377944946,
0.20584087073802948,
-0.26755279302597046,
0.8390612006187439,
-0.10357984900474548,
-0.5362665057182312,
-0.6330184936523438,
0.5183758735656738,
-0.2602296471595764,
0.28542548418045044,
-0.35817912220954895,
0.29183638095855713,
0.37173211574554443,
-0.24320092797279358,
-0.6069663763046265,
-0.07913875579833984,
-0.31952357292175293,
-0.214291051030159,
-0.1271606683731079,
0.026354720816016197,
0.6851198077201843,
-0.6077460646629333,
0.6966869831085205,
0.24361096322536469,
-0.3681437373161316,
0.49467596411705017,
-0.2240753024816513,
0.050009749829769135,
0.30796220898628235,
-0.15204103291034698,
-0.9768530130386353,
0.3423159718513489,
0.6043339967727661,
-1.0088175535202026,
-0.28504741191864014,
-0.20044663548469543,
-0.4628547132015228,
-0.23145367205142975,
-0.20448796451091766,
-0.12052039802074432,
-0.06781827658414841,
-0.41946834325790405,
0.14733412861824036,
-0.3924495577812195,
0.5347420573234558,
0.2285977452993393,
-0.3810964822769165,
0.530044674873352,
-0.3082057535648346,
0.41710084676742554,
-0.0836031436920166,
-0.07832113653421402,
0.011361093260347843,
0.8346699476242065,
-0.25794875621795654,
0.43902087211608887,
0.035856716334819794,
-0.18209077417850494,
0.3054993450641632,
0.2735426127910614,
1.102008581161499,
-0.07925814390182495,
-0.7105847597122192,
-0.2791447341442108,
0.7517879009246826,
0.1493864357471466,
0.5716317892074585,
-0.4883062243461609,
0.23789019882678986,
0.7988425493240356,
-0.321641206741333,
-0.11657597124576569,
-0.5463848114013672,
0.07183665037155151,
-0.44494062662124634,
0.036874182522296906,
-0.06750994175672531,
-0.13799917697906494,
-0.09003305435180664,
0.6775006055831909,
-0.3700365722179413,
-0.5239725708961487,
0.030648870393633842,
-0.051217157393693924,
0.020308682695031166,
-0.38821372389793396,
-0.34543079137802124,
0.27861425280570984,
-0.5846507549285889,
0.2429511398077011,
-0.14628899097442627,
-0.2601991295814514,
0.3922888934612274,
0.10846664011478424,
0.2860790193080902,
-0.6292897462844849,
-0.6825538277626038,
0.9095858931541443,
-0.13358701765537262,
-0.5288223624229431,
0.43821048736572266,
-0.004140135366469622,
-0.07229845970869064,
0.491024374961853,
-0.6343482136726379,
0.045089177787303925,
0.4806097745895386,
0.161759614944458,
0.5171655416488647,
-0.43359094858169556,
-0.3362587094306946,
0.20116682350635529,
0.41341349482536316,
0.10367489606142044,
0.39592018723487854,
0.36549174785614014,
-0.18511533737182617,
1.064827561378479,
-0.09545541554689407,
-0.59568852186203,
0.8356950283050537,
0.6503953337669373,
0.42459118366241455,
0.3616681694984436,
0.09513790905475616,
-0.6817741394042969,
-0.2053593248128891,
-0.3333706557750702,
0.1344950795173645,
0.6583001017570496,
-0.12431135773658752,
0.6212210655212402,
0.3482586443424225,
-0.3091732859611511,
-0.08516424894332886,
0.6101715564727783,
-0.7602003812789917,
0.08737450838088989,
0.31845948100090027,
-0.12041465938091278,
0.8238722681999207,
0.34432491660118103,
-0.06101924180984497,
-0.05124511942267418,
0.6232385635375977,
-0.6497257947921753,
-0.524979293346405,
-0.13260239362716675,
0.34546977281570435,
0.1781492382287979,
-0.2869258522987366,
-0.36898475885391235,
0.9167659878730774,
-0.502856969833374,
-0.23666992783546448,
-0.07655268162488937,
-1.0371763706207275,
-0.32168641686439514,
-0.030779285356402397,
0.6260911822319031,
0.46417075395584106,
-0.5045566558837891,
0.3892456293106079,
-0.5651518106460571,
0.16045387089252472,
0.09222213923931122,
-0.0359768308699131,
-0.36836880445480347,
0.1296519786119461,
0.06980038434267044,
-0.07349016517400742,
0.35237035155296326,
-0.09118860960006714,
-0.10056272894144058,
0.5344217419624329,
-0.08114615082740784,
0.05277319625020027,
-0.6206135153770447,
0.16058839857578278,
-0.10296519845724106,
0.7136988639831543,
0.7913979291915894,
-0.2834569215774536,
0.18549901247024536,
0.07508692890405655,
0.5024423003196716,
-0.4712771773338318,
-0.10312470048666,
0.5202953219413757,
-0.22196894884109497,
0.5260968804359436,
0.18186551332473755,
-0.43411192297935486,
0.09720902889966965,
0.0015359553508460522,
0.1114794984459877,
0.9284552931785583,
0.2570520341396332,
-0.6397351026535034,
-0.17765647172927856,
-0.6358068585395813,
0.15839211642742157,
-0.17660367488861084,
-0.05766745284199715,
-0.4522605538368225,
-0.6380705833435059,
0.4934569001197815,
-0.9264346957206726,
-0.0757763609290123,
0.14983496069908142,
-0.5147980451583862,
0.28978267312049866,
-0.001985598588362336,
-0.6425295472145081,
-0.4460825026035309,
0.23658601939678192,
0.7639340162277222,
0.5129194855690002,
0.01196900475770235,
-0.03362824022769928,
-0.22114577889442444,
-0.57858806848526,
0.11621260643005371,
-0.20733608305454254,
0.3139581084251404,
-0.46634528040885925,
0.19984956085681915,
-0.32369208335876465,
0.18857066333293915,
0.09470823407173157,
0.33163216710090637,
-0.27262553572654724,
0.270270973443985,
-0.4438876211643219,
1.103990077972412,
0.6110245585441589,
-0.012641789391636848,
-0.17917656898498535,
0.2317049652338028,
-0.3890736401081085,
0.5160315632820129,
0.10025030374526978,
0.4431571364402771,
0.37914901971817017,
0.14312022924423218,
0.14139816164970398,
0.49499478936195374,
-0.6501455307006836,
0.5753771662712097,
0.009885216131806374,
0.3316454291343689,
-0.6279558539390564,
0.4983222484588623,
-0.024446355178952217,
0.3013554811477661,
0.5369749665260315,
1.135061264038086,
0.14943809807300568,
-0.5236438512802124,
-0.7939697504043579,
-0.08302727341651917,
0.561998188495636,
0.08699312806129456,
0.3569958508014679,
-0.1588994562625885,
-0.2777897119522095,
-0.0956389456987381,
-0.6642751097679138,
0.3829704821109772,
0.4167291224002838,
-0.266751766204834,
0.2685225307941437,
-0.3853490650653839,
0.18833039700984955,
-0.249423086643219,
0.19749876856803894,
-0.37061649560928345,
0.4045969545841217,
0.3306466341018677
]
|
128346 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keble%20College%2C%20Oxford | Keble College, Oxford | Keble College () is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England. Its main buildings are on Parks Road, opposite the University Museum and the University Parks. The college is bordered to the north by Keble Road, to the south by Museum Road, and to the west by Blackhall Road.
Keble was established in 1870, having been built as a monument to John Keble, who had been a leading member of the Oxford Movement which sought to stress the Catholic nature of the Church of England. Consequently, the college's original teaching focus was primarily theological, although the college now offers a broad range of subjects, reflecting the diversity of degrees offered across the wider university. In the period after the Second World War, the trends were towards scientific courses (proximity to the university science area east of the University Museum influenced this). As originally constituted, it was for men only and the fellows were mostly bachelors resident in the college. Like many of Oxford's men's colleges, Keble admitted its first mixed-sex cohort in 1979.
It remains distinctive for its once-controversial neo-gothic red-brick buildings designed by William Butterfield. The buildings are also notable for breaking from Oxbridge tradition by arranging rooms along corridors rather than around staircases, in order that the scouts could supervise the comings and goings of visitors (Girton College, Cambridge, similarly breaks this tradition).
Keble is one of the larger colleges of the University of Oxford, with 433 undergraduates and 245 graduate students in 2011/12. Keble's sister college at the University of Cambridge is Selwyn College.
History
The best-known of Keble's Victorian founders was Edward Pusey, after whom the Pusey quad and Pusey room are named. The college itself is named after John Keble, one of Pusey's colleagues in the Oxford Movement, who died four years before the college's foundation in 1870. It was decided immediately after Keble's funeral that his memorial would be a new Oxford college bearing his name. The chosen architect was William Butterfield. Two years later, in 1868, the foundation stone was laid by the Archbishop of Canterbury on St Mark's Day (25 April, John Keble's birthday). The college first opened in 1870, taking in thirty students, whilst the chapel was opened on St Mark's Day 1876. Accordingly, the college continues to celebrate St Mark's Day each year.
Butterfield produced a notable example of Victorian Gothic architecture, among his few secular buildings, which Pevsner characterised as "actively ugly", and which, according to Charles Eastlake, defied criticism. The social historian G.Β M. Trevelyan expressed the then commonly held, and highly dismissive, view; "the monstrosities of architecture erected by order of the dons of Oxford and Cambridge colleges in the days of William Butterfield and Alfred Waterhouse give daily pain to posterity." Sir Kenneth Clark recalled that during his Oxford years it was generally believed in Oxford not only that Keble College was "the ugliest building in the world" but that its architect was John Ruskin, author of The Stones of Venice. The college is built of red, blue, and white bricks; the main structure is of red brick, with white and blue patterned banding. The builders were Parnell & Son of Rugby.
On its construction, Keble was not always admired within the university. Undergraduates at St John's College started the Destroy Keble Society, which aimed to dismantle the college brick by brick.
An apocryphal story claims that a French visitor, on first sight of the college exclaimed C'est magnifique mais ce n'est pas la gare? ("It is magnificent but is it not the railway station?"). This is a play on Field Marshal Pierre Bosquet's memorable line, referring to the Charge of the Light Brigade, C'est magnifique, mais ce n'est pas la guerre ("It is magnificent, but it is not war"). This story may have been borrowed from Arthur Wing Pinero's identical quip said to have been made at the opening ceremony for the Royal Courts of Justice in London.
Keble is mentioned in John Betjeman's poem "Myfanwy at Oxford", as well as in the writings of John Ruskin and in Monty Python's "Travel Agent" sketch. Horace Rumpole, the barrister in John Mortimer's books, was a Law graduate of Keble.
In 2005, Keble College featured in the national UK press when its bursar, Roger Boden, was found guilty of racial discrimination by an employment tribunal. An appeal was launched by the college and Boden against the tribunal's judgement, resulting in a financial out-of-court settlement with the aggrieved employee.
In Christmas of 2017, a team of alumni from Keble College won the University Challenge Alumni Christmas Special, a seasonal programme on BBC2. They beat the University of Reading by 240 points to 0 in the final.
Buildings
The main site of Keble contains five quads: Liddon (the largest, named after Henry Parry Liddon), Pusey (named after Edward Bouverie Pusey), Hayward (named after Charles Hayward), De Breyne (named after Andre de Breyne) and Newman (named after John Henry Newman).
Original buildings
The best-known portion of Keble's buildings is the distinctive main brick complex, designed by Butterfield. The design remained incomplete due to shortage of funds. The Chapel and Hall were built later than the accommodation blocks to the east and west of the two original quadrangles and the warden's house at the south-east corner. The Chapel and Hall were both fully funded by William Gibbs and were also designed by Butterfield.
Modern buildings
A section west of the chapel was built in a different style in the 1950s with funds from Antonin Besse. Later still further significant additions have been added, most notably the modern, brick Hayward and de Breyne extensions by Ahrends, Burton and Koralek (ABK). The extensions were made possible by a generous response from the businessmen Charles Hayward and AndrΓ© de Breyne and other fund-raising efforts. The ABK buildings included the college's memorable, futuristic "goldfish bowl" bar, opened on 3 May 1977 and recently refurbished and expanded. In 1995, work was completed on the ARCO building by the US-born architect Rick Mather. This was followed in 2002 by another similarly styled building also designed by Mather, the Sloane-Robinson building. Along with a number of additional student bedrooms the Sloane Robinson building also provided the college with the O'Reilly Theatre (a large multipurpose lecture theatre), a dedicated room for musical practice, a number of seminar rooms and a large open plan space which during term time is used as a cafΓ© and social space for all members of the college. The original fellows' garden was lost in the programme of extension, as were a range of houses on Blackhall Road.
H B Allen Centre
In July 2004 Keble announced the purchase of the former Acland Hospital for Β£10.75 million. This site, situated a couple of minutes walk from the main college buildings, housed an estimated 100 graduate students. In October 2015 it was confirmed that Keble College had received funding from The H B Allen Charitable Trust to redevelop the Acland Site in order to provide double the number of graduate rooms. This was the largest single donation in the college's history. Work on construction of the H B Allen Centre, designed by Rick Mather, began in 2016, with the first graduate students moving in in October 2018. Keble previously owned a number of houses across Oxford which were used as additional student accommodation, but these were sold following the purchase of the Acland site.
The H B Allen Centre was officially opened by Prince William, Duke of Cambridge on 3 October 2019.
Student life
The college publishes a termly magazine called The Brick which is sent to Keble alumni to update them on college life. Students used to publish an irreverent spoof version on the last Friday of each term, also named The Brick, recording college gossip but this version has not been published since Hilary 2006. The college has since seen the release of a student publication calling itself The Breezeblock, containing both college gossip and a satirical take on college life.
Each graduate is given a red brick along with their degree certificates.
Keble were champions of the television quiz show University Challenge in 1975 and 1987.
Each year the Advanced Studies Centre invites distinguished speakers for their Creativity Lecture Series. In 2011 the list included Nicholas Humphrey, Tim Ingold and Steve Rayner; in 2012 Robin Dunbar, Kevin Warwick and Margaret Boden were featured.
The Keble Ball is planned by the student committee to coincide with the day-long graduation ceremony in Trinity term week 2, although in 2020 the 150 year commemoration ball will be held in week 9 outside of term.
Sport
Keble fields a number of sports teams. Its rugby teams have been successful in winning the intercollegiate league for five seasons in a row and triumphing in the 2007, 2009, 2011, 2015 and 2017 rugby Cuppers, having also been finalists in 2008 and 2010. Keble College Boat Club, the college rowing club compete annually in Torpids and Summer Eights.
Keble College Sports Ground is located on Woodstock Road, and as well as hosting intercollegiate ("Cuppers") matches, also lays the stage for annual fixtures between current undergraduates and Old Members ("Ghosts"), particularly in football and cricket. Commemorative photographs of important matches adorn the walls of the Keble Cricket Pavilion inside the ground.
The Light of the World
Keble owns the original of William Holman Hunt's painting The Light of the World, which is hung in the side chapel (accessed through the chapel). The picture was completed in 1853 after eight years of work, and originally hung in the Royal Academy. It was then given as a gift to the college. Hunt originally wanted the painting to be hung in the main chapel but the architect rejected this idea, as a result he painted another version of the painting which is in St Paul's Cathedral, London. This copy was painted by Hunt when he was nearly 70.
College stamps
Keble College has the distinction of being the first college to issue stamps for the prepayment of a porter/messenger delivery service in 1871 only one year after it was founded, and it set the pace for other Oxford colleges to issue their own stamps. This service was successfully challenged by the post office in 1886. Keble also issued a college stamp in 1970 to mark its 100th anniversary.
Notable conferences at Keble
The Declaration of Clergy on Ritual Conference (January, 1904)
The Conference on New Ideals in Education (31 March β 7 April 1923)
The Oxford Movement Conference (July, 1983)
The J. R. R. Tolkien Centenary Conference (17β24 August 1992)
The 12th International Conference on Brain Tumour Research and Therapy (September, 1997)
The 19th International Radiocarbon Conference (April, 2006)
In popular culture
Keble, under snow, appears as Baidley College in an episode of the television detective show Endeavour, with the young Morse investigating the murder of a don.
Notable members of Keble
References
Sources
Further reading
Parkes, M.Β B., comp. (1979) The Medieval Manuscripts of Keble College Oxford: a descriptive catalogue, with summary descriptions of the Greek and oriental manuscripts. xxi, 365 pp.; facsimiles. London: Scolar Press
External links
Gallery of photographs of Keble College
Great Buildings online β Keble College
Virtual Tour of Keble College
Keble College JCR
Keble College MCR
1870 establishments in England
Anglo-Catholic educational establishments
Buildings and structures of the University of Oxford
Colleges of the University of Oxford
Educational institutions established in 1870
Grade I listed buildings in Oxford
Grade I listed educational buildings
William Butterfield buildings | [
-0.10613960027694702,
0.7194172143936157,
0.22248056530952454,
-0.8774592876434326,
-0.06531566381454468,
0.7393088936805725,
0.6301865577697754,
0.8736296892166138,
-0.5502827763557434,
-0.2818506360054016,
-0.844590961933136,
-0.33186689019203186,
0.46391671895980835,
0.2808569371700287,
0.07134402543306351,
-0.2441316395998001,
0.5050577521324158,
0.4942081868648529,
0.28550973534584045,
-0.8948582410812378,
-0.05617918074131012,
0.21432483196258545,
-0.43726131319999695,
0.52931809425354,
0.10482154041528702,
-0.08723262697458267,
0.5033901929855347,
-0.4122980833053589,
-0.05268179625272751,
-0.5075304508209229,
0.5656800866127014,
0.49594515562057495,
-0.28880104422569275,
-0.3571356534957886,
0.35142087936401367,
-0.25713440775871277,
0.34054669737815857,
-0.6388964056968689,
0.3760705590248108,
-0.1889474242925644,
0.19458948075771332,
0.06905433535575867,
0.4545445144176483,
0.24563315510749817,
-0.4308807849884033,
-0.6855654716491699,
-0.999257504940033,
0.035210274159908295,
-1.0291823148727417,
0.15629339218139648,
0.013561803847551346,
0.24772749841213226,
0.5128298401832581,
-0.13491633534431458,
0.33186283707618713,
0.44178715348243713,
-0.7840769290924072,
-0.02319011092185974,
0.9666875004768372,
0.38807451725006104,
0.30130213499069214,
0.625296950340271,
-0.5188063383102417,
0.5638459324836731,
-0.3067993223667145,
-0.17839232087135315,
0.0837491899728775,
0.3428877890110016,
-0.8740839958190918,
-0.2530316710472107,
-0.17716872692108154,
-0.4064357280731201,
-0.1820387840270996,
0.5839110016822815,
-0.5178279876708984,
-0.6053028702735901,
0.2983253002166748,
0.3737759292125702,
0.5048062205314636,
0.18572653830051422,
0.3481350839138031,
0.2747902572154999,
0.6118624210357666,
0.45107361674308777,
0.753454327583313,
0.8236477971076965,
-0.7506446242332458,
-0.2296561449766159,
-0.5256104469299316,
0.9782907366752625,
-0.3362037241458893,
0.01204824447631836,
-0.10368869453668594,
0.2946498990058899,
0.15183298289775848,
-0.1701527088880539,
-0.1252177506685257,
0.39368629455566406,
0.4668806791305542,
0.11215073615312576,
-0.23996484279632568,
0.371361643075943,
0.47588038444519043,
0.11432109773159027,
-0.31730782985687256,
-0.050070952624082565,
-1.1702187061309814,
-0.7202849984169006,
-0.14817823469638824,
-0.08140459656715393,
-0.8325513601303101,
0.26321345567703247,
-0.7087979912757874,
-0.023217326030135155,
-0.3794110417366028,
-0.08447546511888504,
0.33155161142349243,
-0.3053224980831146,
-1.128475308418274,
-0.125766783952713,
-0.6801666617393494,
0.7381422519683838,
0.4339442551136017,
0.19913436472415924,
-0.2498915046453476,
0.3976077437400818,
0.21269145607948303,
0.3656584322452545,
-0.5076839327812195,
0.07222698628902435,
0.5453979969024658,
0.8002362251281738,
0.26305684447288513,
-0.33695271611213684,
-0.09217023849487305,
-0.22990359365940094,
-0.0408879891037941,
0.020332690328359604,
0.14029169082641602,
0.5505411028862,
-0.6699727773666382,
-0.34828537702560425,
-0.6743841767311096,
0.15514090657234192,
0.5941146016120911,
0.12400133907794952,
-0.8936462998390198,
0.1435718983411789,
-0.053255245089530945,
-0.1832607537508011,
0.6118329167366028,
0.4198245406150818,
-0.3811246156692505,
-0.2364943027496338,
-0.44454723596572876,
0.7013893723487854,
0.1323268562555313,
0.30427229404449463,
0.10523590445518494,
0.006901272106915712,
-0.6348289847373962,
-0.42184978723526,
0.6207652688026428,
-0.38150137662887573,
-0.0932207778096199,
0.15574321150779724,
0.8590623140335083,
-0.656610369682312,
-0.31518253684043884,
0.1450316309928894,
-0.9540146589279175,
-0.3532322943210602,
0.7704487442970276,
-0.6933795809745789,
-0.2548268139362335,
-0.5331507325172424,
0.6581260561943054,
0.3162919878959656,
0.5109828114509583,
-0.24467040598392487,
-0.7939300537109375,
0.24485155940055847,
0.1718277931213379,
-0.21133577823638916,
-0.5354254841804504,
-0.16895221173763275,
-0.08376260846853256,
-0.0017084683058783412,
-0.3246020972728729,
-0.10625945031642914,
-0.3786580562591553,
-0.6159687638282776,
0.2990061640739441,
-0.10900778323411942,
1.2838363647460938,
0.25554341077804565,
-0.6036479473114014,
0.1918390840291977,
-0.6569976210594177,
0.42939358949661255,
0.1959967315196991,
-0.08271386474370956,
-0.293433278799057,
-0.6449952721595764,
-0.5374804139137268,
0.10950328409671783,
0.3907657563686371,
-0.0660267323255539,
0.4302324950695038,
0.38349610567092896,
0.10784691572189331,
-0.41375261545181274,
0.12329178303480148,
0.2910899519920349,
0.3994724452495575,
-0.3028046190738678,
-0.1284545660018921,
-0.5561575889587402,
0.23415984213352203,
-1.1236189603805542,
0.7068688273429871,
-0.12150013446807861,
0.6348214745521545,
0.24180132150650024,
-0.2027394026517868,
0.20487578213214874,
0.003243538551032543,
0.33276888728141785,
-0.03946322202682495,
-0.036986712366342545,
0.6252003908157349,
0.4985678493976593,
-0.1233474388718605,
-0.26067179441452026,
-0.11215504258871078,
-1.201622724533081,
-0.519172728061676,
-0.6840106844902039,
0.6517738103866577,
-0.38552427291870117,
0.2699292302131653,
-0.3980816602706909,
-0.8365082144737244,
0.1562943160533905,
0.5738532543182373,
-0.1284208744764328,
0.2990412712097168,
0.15548983216285706,
-0.623807966709137,
-0.5722043514251709,
0.007982766255736351,
-0.21872290968894958,
0.5161545872688293,
-0.015364709310233593,
0.26588842272758484,
-0.19055232405662537,
-0.13706520199775696,
0.46697530150413513,
0.5247962474822998,
0.2129337638616562,
-0.4287291467189789,
0.05287972465157509,
0.525708794593811,
0.3476240336894989,
-0.4533340036869049,
-0.45365646481513977,
-0.10497676581144333,
-0.8738824129104614,
0.026062481105327606,
-0.07720298320055008,
0.22056439518928528,
-0.6377680897712708,
0.2383754998445511,
-0.11208606511354446,
-0.47168511152267456,
0.22175097465515137,
0.31401777267456055,
0.13344056904315948,
-0.8236001133918762,
-0.21801312267780304,
0.45992833375930786,
0.46413782238960266,
-0.5059884786605835,
-0.5027300715446472,
-0.08210615813732147,
0.18215544521808624,
0.05537784472107887,
-0.12257124483585358,
-0.12672452628612518,
-0.01750640943646431,
-0.1768759936094284,
0.6297609210014343,
-0.2020489126443863,
0.12638762593269348,
0.38725343346595764,
0.20349958539009094,
0.24058689177036285,
-0.2798035442829132,
0.10674893110990524,
-0.37197381258010864,
0.04586844891309738,
0.9359855651855469,
0.23219077289104462,
0.3916930854320526,
0.29137468338012695,
-0.3394124209880829,
-0.378339022397995,
0.00013128180580679327,
-5.2285051345825195,
0.17021986842155457,
-0.506767749786377,
0.45454543828964233,
1.27252197265625,
-0.49030330777168274,
0.35701313614845276,
-0.5679876208305359,
-0.43120846152305603,
-0.5651779174804688,
-0.36343976855278015,
-0.31694209575653076,
-0.3522093594074249,
0.6643312573432922,
0.5988196134567261,
0.806118905544281,
0.7012041807174683,
0.17833517491817474,
0.19710391759872437,
0.6522176861763,
-0.3228558897972107,
0.2875814735889435,
0.08433506637811661,
0.21551762521266937,
-0.059858329594135284,
0.2928304374217987,
-0.025731494650244713,
0.215962752699852,
-0.7131069898605347,
-0.6561315059661865,
0.31216493248939514,
-0.1053418517112732,
0.00015045586042106152,
-0.33455178141593933,
-0.359237939119339,
0.601395845413208,
0.5042800307273865,
0.42306602001190186,
0.06155756115913391,
-0.18115346133708954,
0.42635926604270935,
0.3971432149410248,
0.30441272258758545,
-0.12547194957733154,
0.8470303416252136,
-0.3937080502510071,
-0.7486450672149658,
0.0716036856174469,
-0.1360919326543808,
0.36705559492111206,
-0.39972877502441406,
0.40947818756103516,
0.6453356146812439,
0.6890453696250916,
-0.042758796364068985,
-0.4710250198841095,
0.59796541929245,
0.029990186914801598,
0.2573201358318329,
-0.04522613435983658,
0.46991801261901855,
-0.6656712889671326,
-0.16796885430812836,
-0.9817451238632202,
-0.668671727180481,
-0.4055083096027374,
-0.024901360273361206,
0.5438882112503052,
0.0754256397485733,
0.20893195271492004,
-0.26962071657180786,
-0.09997096657752991,
0.14181295037269592,
-0.5780161023139954,
-0.4885602295398712,
-0.7403593063354492,
-0.4452982246875763,
0.14580006897449493,
-0.012719744816422462,
0.5005062222480774,
-0.22272314131259918,
-0.30749276280403137,
-0.4036921560764313,
0.5673524141311646,
0.18681617081165314,
-0.9382888674736023,
-0.6251821517944336,
0.12246370315551758,
-0.4108034372329712,
-0.5600562691688538,
-0.2653510868549347,
-0.3156736493110657,
-0.3810393810272217,
0.9302279353141785,
0.3384521007537842,
-0.13716009259223938,
0.12921443581581116,
0.3539697825908661,
0.06456588953733444,
-0.34262633323669434,
0.2520350515842438,
-0.23793983459472656,
0.12835489213466644,
0.4001070261001587,
-0.09196943789720535,
-0.43101000785827637,
0.1357792764902115,
0.3915364742279053,
0.6714275479316711,
0.06213797628879547,
0.672389805316925,
-0.4968559741973877,
-0.9936882257461548,
0.0912548303604126,
-0.37998053431510925,
-0.1334906667470932,
-0.2565166652202606,
0.4132259786128998,
-0.395003080368042,
0.2798716425895691,
0.09825170040130615,
0.27049604058265686,
0.19160620868206024,
-0.4766031503677368,
-0.6556347012519836,
-0.22620300948619843,
0.13515602052211761,
-0.15984024107456207,
-0.5092298984527588,
-0.347451388835907,
-0.08089664578437805,
-0.14167720079421997,
0.0577605776488781,
0.44084876775741577,
-0.21053680777549744,
-0.15700066089630127,
-0.2640467882156372,
-0.20270909368991852,
0.10534396767616272,
0.35932454466819763,
0.503352165222168,
-0.21747340261936188,
0.1839285045862198,
-0.09052727371454239,
0.9103400111198425,
0.2706737220287323,
-0.23618143796920776,
0.2179853618144989,
-1.2014859914779663,
0.5327075719833374,
-0.32772165536880493,
-0.2411590963602066,
0.05879516527056694,
-0.11460024118423462,
0.06433597952127457,
0.10750279575586319,
-0.338439404964447,
0.6319681406021118,
-0.19064027070999146,
0.036518413573503494,
-0.07428101450204849,
0.10170293599367142,
-0.5036935210227966,
-0.2235005497932434,
0.5157632231712341,
-0.05857289582490921,
0.0024840286932885647,
0.05839042738080025,
-0.7290141582489014,
0.2669011354446411,
-0.1280539482831955,
-0.16439229249954224,
-1.1270760297775269,
0.14515206217765808,
0.47022855281829834,
0.03963395953178406,
-0.022175569087266922,
0.238538920879364,
-0.2919768989086151,
-0.03555595129728317,
0.05737430229783058,
-0.5284205675125122,
0.312661349773407,
-0.09977421909570694,
0.5121949911117554,
-0.433656245470047,
-0.7611158490180969,
-0.4756583273410797,
0.2780577540397644,
-1.0535826683044434,
0.2763470411300659,
-0.26330193877220154,
0.23046185076236725,
0.5216025710105896,
-0.034344978630542755,
-0.8464347124099731,
0.17211000621318817,
-0.28381532430648804,
-0.019511649385094643,
-0.14715638756752014,
0.3480687141418457,
0.7388889789581299,
-0.35731127858161926,
0.9788598418235779,
0.6180874109268188,
-0.6883546710014343,
0.23413245379924774,
0.20001569390296936,
-0.2528741657733917,
0.5962503552436829,
-0.2892286777496338,
-1.2544704675674438,
0.39843660593032837,
0.5387098789215088,
-0.9327300190925598,
-0.6316694617271423,
0.2503911554813385,
-0.08127930760383606,
-0.09170547872781754,
0.17089912295341492,
-0.3069310784339905,
-0.08633403480052948,
-0.2506599724292755,
-0.4148208498954773,
-0.9310476779937744,
0.16418804228305817,
0.1518012285232544,
-0.2907944917678833,
0.6518105864524841,
-0.3748801648616791,
0.23427945375442505,
-0.2425260841846466,
-0.016114616766572,
0.40800198912620544,
0.9433008432388306,
0.023546036332845688,
-0.10503789037466049,
0.007766209542751312,
-0.3270081877708435,
0.3618506193161011,
0.45321008563041687,
0.9661447405815125,
-0.04094499722123146,
-0.5836065411567688,
-0.7343050837516785,
0.7013127207756042,
0.3327651917934418,
0.3902336657047272,
-0.8718652725219727,
0.4720865488052368,
0.3485269844532013,
-0.38186609745025635,
-0.5110728144645691,
-0.10638871043920517,
0.16412541270256042,
-0.25168609619140625,
-0.2858147621154785,
0.2659207582473755,
-0.03297228738665581,
-0.1854681372642517,
0.4189397990703583,
0.019993765279650688,
-0.5696212649345398,
0.21874183416366577,
-0.11431413888931274,
-0.27749916911125183,
-0.30636489391326904,
-0.23224355280399323,
0.548015832901001,
-0.29865777492523193,
-0.2317897230386734,
-0.4438367187976837,
-0.5578785538673401,
0.4551744759082794,
0.09991688281297684,
0.20664089918136597,
-0.5636975169181824,
-0.942290186882019,
0.7597749829292297,
-0.3079521059989929,
-0.1937517672777176,
0.2759717106819153,
0.45739707350730896,
-0.18831107020378113,
0.6398165225982666,
-0.6135743260383606,
-0.14960598945617676,
0.2712206244468689,
-0.20022892951965332,
0.36553266644477844,
-0.4302706718444824,
-0.47187700867652893,
-0.11872966587543488,
0.4310576915740967,
-0.005760500207543373,
0.4781442880630493,
0.46628206968307495,
0.19280941784381866,
0.6469343304634094,
-0.17715050280094147,
-0.7003835439682007,
1.1899170875549316,
0.27927130460739136,
-0.0023223499301820993,
0.3326303958892822,
0.22717659175395966,
-0.711350679397583,
-0.18194591999053955,
-0.16157767176628113,
-0.26718631386756897,
0.3108285963535309,
-0.12691305577754974,
0.8711543679237366,
0.8088155388832092,
-0.3199102580547333,
0.03485174849629402,
0.47175729274749756,
-0.8482096791267395,
0.3856361508369446,
0.5210272073745728,
-0.09570392966270447,
-0.28448376059532166,
0.5291731357574463,
0.21581603586673737,
-0.28361836075782776,
0.8471621870994568,
-0.6152361631393433,
-0.5124163627624512,
0.2541171610355377,
0.4004039764404297,
0.3005436956882477,
-0.4145277440547943,
-0.3932553827762604,
0.6576886177062988,
-0.337854266166687,
-0.0828363299369812,
-0.2631848454475403,
-0.4149966835975647,
-0.3856600224971771,
0.32780835032463074,
0.4967420697212219,
0.5797853469848633,
-0.46269235014915466,
0.25555869936943054,
-0.3989143967628479,
-0.26558369398117065,
0.202190563082695,
0.2235090583562851,
-0.08309625834226608,
0.19700537621974945,
0.17710120975971222,
0.018953152000904083,
0.36410456895828247,
-0.17643645405769348,
0.030855979770421982,
0.2887720763683319,
0.09535644203424454,
-0.16334490478038788,
-0.6505681276321411,
0.2473173290491104,
0.06586746871471405,
0.5801008343696594,
0.7089163064956665,
-0.18859322369098663,
-0.16284531354904175,
-0.3107795715332031,
0.3744097054004669,
-0.48907941579818726,
0.017663700506091118,
0.42987963557243347,
-0.16427025198936462,
0.6172531843185425,
0.4573703408241272,
-0.4956008493900299,
0.3877718150615692,
0.11185616254806519,
-0.36117812991142273,
0.32469284534454346,
0.17870472371578217,
-0.4216301739215851,
0.010132418014109135,
-0.7322330474853516,
-0.018820276483893394,
-0.16806191205978394,
0.18669183552265167,
-0.5704660415649414,
-0.44784173369407654,
0.6295121908187866,
-0.8648287057876587,
-0.041585925966501236,
0.209229975938797,
-0.3289565145969391,
0.15014535188674927,
0.1807929426431656,
-0.8741263747215271,
-0.04048731550574303,
-0.018378693610429764,
0.6793310642242432,
0.3229418396949768,
-0.4653443396091461,
0.10336534678936005,
0.3080460727214813,
-0.7132506966590881,
0.35733655095100403,
-0.327462762594223,
0.4050012230873108,
-0.45827800035476685,
0.35823139548301697,
-0.6866435408592224,
0.27728232741355896,
0.38501203060150146,
0.4381667971611023,
-0.23671066761016846,
0.4426552355289459,
-0.0627145916223526,
1.1881954669952393,
0.3301713168621063,
0.29305407404899597,
-0.2491384744644165,
0.3808650076389313,
-0.043568264693021774,
0.5078585147857666,
-0.10091912746429443,
0.2777497470378876,
0.4804118871688843,
0.23013103008270264,
0.06586248427629471,
0.10367686301469803,
-0.3429872989654541,
0.3587033450603485,
-0.11756573617458344,
0.4617350697517395,
-0.49813172221183777,
0.3145497143268585,
-0.42399996519088745,
0.25533628463745117,
0.2847853899002075,
1.310288429260254,
0.34822577238082886,
-0.1981458067893982,
-0.8389514684677124,
-0.31609880924224854,
0.6853541135787964,
0.5267205238342285,
-0.31225353479385376,
-0.01955799199640751,
-0.43082430958747864,
-0.37361401319503784,
-0.5489717721939087,
0.45406022667884827,
0.7414692044258118,
-0.46035274863243103,
0.316905677318573,
-0.52900630235672,
-0.01248188316822052,
-0.24123656749725342,
-0.15722426772117615,
-0.21882516145706177,
0.5380219221115112,
0.15591880679130554
]
|
128347 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lady%20Margaret%20Hall%2C%20Oxford | Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford | Lady Margaret Hall (LMH) is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England, located on the banks of the River Cherwell at Norham Gardens in north Oxford and adjacent to the University Parks. The college is more formally known under its current royal charter as "The Principal and Fellows of the College of the Lady Margaret in the University of Oxford".
The college was founded in 1878, closely collaborating with Somerville College. Both colleges opened their doors in 1879 as the first two women's colleges of Oxford. The college began admitting men in 1979. The college has just under 400 undergraduate students, around 200 postgraduate students and 24 visiting students. In 2016, the college became the only college in Oxford or Cambridge to offer a Foundation Year for students from disadvantaged backgrounds.
In 2018, Lady Margaret Hall ranked 21st out of 30 in Oxford's Norrington Table, a measurement of the performance of students in finals.
The college's colours are blue, yellow and white. The college uses a coat of arms which accompanies the college's motto "Souvent me Souviens", an Old French phrase meaning "I often remember" or "Think of me often", the motto of Lady Margaret Beaufort, who founded Christ's College and St John's College at Cambridge, and after whom the college is named.
The interim principal of the college for the period from October 2021 to September 2022 is Christine Gerrard. Notable alumni of Lady Margaret Hall include Benazir Bhutto, Michael Gove, Nigella Lawson, Josie Long, Ann Widdecombe and Malala Yousafzai.
History
Founding
In June 1878, the Association for the Higher Education of Women was formed, aiming for the eventual creation of a college for women in Oxford. Some of the more prominent members of the association were George Granville Bradley, Master of University College, T. H. Green, a prominent liberal philosopher and Fellow of Balliol College, and Edward Stuart Talbot, Warden of Keble College. Talbot insisted on a specifically Anglican institution, which was unacceptable to most of the other members. Some of the Anglican members of the association had specifically wanted to endow an Anglican college after the Moncure Conway from the humanist South Place Religious Society in London offered a large sum of money towards a secular women's college; the established church was already concerned that University College London, which had recently become the first university to admit women, would lead "advanced women" away from Christianity.
The two parties eventually split, and Talbot's group founded Lady Margaret Hall, while T. H. Green founded Somerville College. Lady Margaret Hall opened its doors to its first nine students in 1879. The first 21 students from Somerville and Lady Margaret Hall attended lectures in rooms above a baker's shop on Little Clarendon Street. Despite the college's High Anglican origins, not all students were devout Christians.
The college was named after Lady Margaret Beaufort, mother of King Henry VII, patron of scholarship and learning. The first principal was Elizabeth Wordsworth, the great-niece of the poet William Wordsworth and daughter of Christopher Wordsworth, Bishop of Lincoln.
Growth and development
With a new building opening in 1894 the college expanded to 25 students.
The land on which the college is built was formerly part of the manor of Norham which belonged to St John's College. The college bought the land from St John's in 1894, the other institution driving a hard bargain and requiring a development price not only on the practical building land but also on the undevelopable water meadows. However, this land purchase marked a change in ambition from occupying residential buildings for teaching purposes to erecting buildings befitting an educational institution.
In 1897, members of Lady Margaret Hall founded the Lady Margaret Hall Settlement, as part of the settlement movement. It was a charitable initiative, originally a place for graduates from the college to live in North Lambeth where they would work with and help develop opportunities for the poor. Members of the college also helped found the Women's University Settlement, which continues to operate to this day, as the Blackfriars Settlement in south London.
Before 1920, the university refused to give academic degrees to women and would not acknowledge them as full members of the university. (Some of these women, nicknamed the steamboat ladies, were awarded ad eundem degrees by Trinity College Dublin, between 1904 and 1907.) In 1920 the first women graduated from the college at the Sheldonian Theatre and the principal at the time, Henrietta Jex-Blake, was given an honorary degree.
During the Second World War women were not permitted to fight on the front line, and thus many of the students and fellows took up other roles to aid in the war effort, becoming nurses, firefighters and ambulance drivers. The Fellows' Lawn was dug up and the students grew vegetables as part of the Dig for Victory campaign.
In 1979, one hundred years after its foundation, the college began admitting men as well as women; it was the first of the women's colleges to do so, along with St. Anne's.
Members of the college
In 1919 J. R.R. Tolkien started to give private tuition to students at Oxford, including members of LMH where his tuition was much needed given the limited resources and tutors the college had in its early years. Later his daughter, Priscilla Tolkien, attended the college, graduating in 1951.
In 1948 Harper Lee, the future author of To Kill a Mockingbird, was a visiting student at LMH.
In 2017 Malala Yousafzai, the youngest-ever Nobel Prize Peace laureate and Pakistani campaigner for girls' education, became a student of the college; she described the interview as "the hardest interview of [her] life", and received an offer of AAA in her A Levels. She graduated in 2020. Also in 2017, prospective Chemistry student Brian White faced deportation at the hands of the Home Office, but was able to take up his place at the college.
Foundation year
Lady Margaret Hall is the only Oxford college to offer a foundation year; the scheme recruits students from minority and underrepresented backgrounds, and offers successful applicants lower grade requirements than the standard Oxford entry grades. Students choose a subject to specialise in, and also take courses in study skills and other general subject areas, with the aim that they progress to an undergraduate degree at the college after a year of study. Pupils live in the college and have access to the same university facilities, both academic and social, as other students.
Modelled after a programme at Trinity College, Dublin, the four-year pilot scheme began in 2016 with ten students, seven of whom went on to study at Oxford, with the other three receiving offers from different Russell Group universities. It was praised by David Lammy, a Labour MP who said the foundation year is "exactly the sort of thing that needs to be done", and by Les Ebdon, director of Office for Fair Access, who described the programme as "innovative and important".
Buildings and grounds
The development of the college's buildings is perhaps best thought of as a zigzag, beginning in the 1870s at the end of Norham Gardens and making its way down towards the River Cherwell, and then running back towards Norham Gardens forming quadrangles on the return journey. The following account of the buildings moves through the college as these spaces emerge for a visitor entering the college at the Porters' Lodge and walking to the river. Because of the way the college developed, the dates and styles of the buildings enclosing the quadrangles are not all of a piece.
Leatare Quadrangle
The Leatare quadrangle was completed in March 2017 and includes both the college's newest and oldest buildings. The main entrance consists of the front gates flanked by classical columns along with the porters' lodge (2017). On the North West side the Donald Fothergill Building (2017) contains student accommodation while the Clore Graduate Centre (2017) extends further out to the South East towards the University Parks.
The college's oldest buildings are along the South East side of the Leatare Quadrangle. The college's original house, a white brick gothic villa, is now known as Old Old Hall, while the adjoining red brick extension designed by Basil Champneys is known as New Old Hall (1884). Old Old Hall originally housed the college chapel until the construction of the Deneke building. Opposite the entrance is the Wolfson West (1964) which was previously the entrance to the college.
Old Old Hall, which had been built as a speculative development on land leased from St John's College, was described as an "ugly little white villa" by the college's founder, Bishop Talbot in his 1923 history of the college. On several occasions in the twentieth century consideration was given to demolishing the earliest buildings of the college, but the temptation was resisted.
The only remaining visible evidence of the road which used to run alongside Old Old Hall and past the steps of Talbot Hall are the two large linden trees, which used to line the pavement before the road was removed to allow expansion of the college. The two smaller trees were planted during construction of the quadrangle. The recent expansion designed by John Simpson Architects was modelled after the Porta Maggiore in Rome, in conjunction with the simple façade of the Wolfson West building.
The MCR, located in the Clore Graduate Centre, is named after the first female Prime Minister of Pakistan, Benazir Bhutto, who studied at the college from 1973 to 1977.
Wolfson Quadrangle
The architect of the main early college buildings, including Lodge, Talbot and Wordsworth, was Sir Reginald Blomfield, who had earlier worked on other educational commissions such as Shrewsbury School, and Exeter College, Oxford. He used the French Renaissance style of the 17th century for the buildings and chose red brick with white stone facings, setting a tone the college was to continue to follow in later work.
These buildings describe the south and east of the Wolfson Quadrangle and run out into the gardens to the east. Blomfield was also involved in establishing and planning the gardens.
The central block, the Talbot Building (1910) on the North East of the main quad houses Talbot Hall and the Old Library (currently a reception and lecture room), while the accommodation for students and tutors is divided between three wings, the Wordsworth Building (1896), the Toynbee Building (1915) and the Lodge Building (1926).
Talbot Hall contains some fine oak panelling donated by former students to honour Elizabeth Wordsworth and, prior to the Deneke building, was used as a dining hall for the students. In recent years, it is used to house termly live music nights among other college events. The portraits in the Hall include the work of notable artists; among the portraits of principals are:
Sir J. J. Shannon's portrait of Dame Elizabeth
Philip de Laszlo's of Miss Jex-Blake
Sir Rodrigo Moynihan's of Dr Grier
Maud Sumner's of Miss Sutherland
In the old Library is a marble statue by Edith Bateson.
On the North West is the Lynda Grier building (1962) housing the college library; this was officially opened by Queen Elizabeth II in 1961. The ground floor of Lynda Grier was originally student accommodation but in 2006 it was converted into a law library, which was opened that year by Cherie Blair. The library was of great importance when founded as women (remarkably) were not permitted to use the Bodleian Library, and thus is relatively large for an Oxford college. The Briggs room originally contained the entire archive of rare and antiquarian books donated to the college over the years. However, due to its size of around 2,000 books, the archive is now stored in the Lawrence Lacerte Rare Books Room in the new Law Library extension on the ground floor. The collection includes a Quran created circa 1600 and a Latin translation of Galileo's Dialogo from 1663.
Lynda Grier and Wolfson West were designed by Raymond Erith. In recent years the Wolfson Quadrangle, in contrast to many Oxbridge quadrangles, has been planted with wild flowers instead of an intensively managed, striped quadrangle lawn.
Lannon Quadrangle
Named after former principal, Dame Frances Lannon, the quadrangle consists of the Sutherland Building (1971) and the Pipe Partridge Building (2010). Behind this is Sutherland's sister building, Kathleen Lee (1972) which houses the JCR.
The first phase of the recent plan to expand the college, the Pipe Partridge Building, was completed in early 2010 and was opened by the Chancellor of the University of Oxford, Lord Patten of Barnes, in April 2010.
The Pipe Partridge Building includes the 136-seat Simpkins Lee theatre, a dining hall, seminar rooms and 64 new undergraduate study bedrooms.
It won the Georgian Group award for the best new building in the classical tradition.
Chapel and Deneke
To the north-east extends the large Deneke block (1932) along with the hall and the college's Byzantine-style chapel where the choir practises and carol services are held in Michaelmas term. These were designed by Giles Gilbert Scott. The chapel has simple decoration with several paintings on the walls, and a statue of Margaret Beaufort which lies in the central section of the chapel. The passageway which leads to the chapel is referred to within the college as "Hell's Passage". The name was derived from the 19th century illustrations of Dante's Inferno, by John D. Batten, which used to decorate its walls.
The chapel is in the form of a Greek cross was dedicated by the college's founder Edward Stuart Talbot, in January 1933.
In autumn 2019, Andrew Foreshew-Cain became Chaplain.
In April 2019, he and other LGBT clergy in the Church of England started the Campaign for Equal Marriage in the Church of England, calling on the church to allow same-sex couples to be married in Church of England parishes, and to stop discriminating against people in such marriages.
Gardens and grounds
Lady Margaret Hall is one of the few Oxford colleges which backs onto the River Cherwell. It is set in spacious grounds (about ). The grounds include a set of playing fields, netball and tennis courts, a punt house, topiary, and large herbaceous planting schemes along with vegetable borders. There is a Fellows' Garden β hidden from view by tall hedgerows β and a Fellows' Lawn, on which walking is forbidden.
Student life
The Junior Common Room (JCR) is a physical room as well as being the association of the undergraduate members of the college. It represents its members to the college authorities and facilitates activities and budgets as well as clubs and societies. Officers are elected by the student body to communicate internally and externally on matters regarding student life.
Graduate students have similar support from that for the JCR in the Middle Common Room (MCR). The Senior Common Room (SCR) performs similar functions for the dons.
Accommodation
Accommodation is always provided for undergraduates for 3 years of their study, and provided for some graduates. The accommodation is found throughout college with a ballot system giving first choice of room to the students of higher years. The Deneke building contains exclusively accommodation for first year undergraduates and students visiting from other universities.
Facilities
As well as rooms for accommodation, the buildings of Lady Margaret Hall include a chapel, a hall, a library, a bar, a lecture theatre, a gym and common rooms. Most undergraduate tutorials are carried out in the college, though for some specialist subjects undergraduates may be sent to tutors in other colleges.
Boating
Given the River Cherwell running past the bottom of LMH's grounds, the students have always had a strong history of spending time by or on the river with the first boat, Lady Maggie, purchased in 1885. The punt house, by tradition, opens on May Day.
Sports
In addition to university-wide societies, students at Lady Margaret Hall can also join societies specific to the college The college has a gym, found near the entrance by Pipe Partridge.
The college is affiliated with the pub -The Rose and Crown. The rugby and football teams are both sponsored by the Rose and Crown and photos of the teams are found on the walls of the back room.
Rowing
LMH's rowing club, Lady Margaret Hall Boat Club (LMHBC) is the largest sports club within the college. In recent years, the club has won blades in OURCs events multiple times. The club has a boat house shared with Trinity College on Boat House Island by Christ Church Meadows, along with a purpose built erg shed, constructed to aid in training.
The Men's 1st VIII have raced in the Temple Challenge Cup at Henley Royal Regatta on several occasions. On multiple years including 2018 and 2019, members of the club have rowed in The Boat Race, an annual competition between Oxford and Cambridge.
The college's boat club has, like other UK Rowing Clubs, distinctive blazers which can be awarded by the club to members who attain membership of certain VIIIs or race with distinction in Summer Eights or Torpids. These blazers have blue and yellow trim and a blue Beaufort portcullis on them, which is the emblem of the boat club and increasingly other sports clubs.
Rowing blades commemorating success in the intercollegiate rowing competitions decorate the walls of the bar.
Football
The college football ground is situated adjacent to Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies and is shared with St Catherine's College and Trinity College. There are three men's football teams as well as a joint LMH-Trinity women's team.
Other sports
The other sports the college has teams for, which represent the institution in internal Oxford University competitions, often called 'Cuppers' are:
Badminton
Cricket
Tennis
Croquet
Rugby
Hockey
Pool
Netball
Squash
Art collection
In light of its history, the hall has a collection of portraits of early/distinguished women academics. Early Principals Lynda Grier, Dame Lucy Sutherland and Sally Chilver, along with other members of the college, were keen collectors of contemporary art and bequeathed many of these works to the College.
A Fellow in Fine Art, Elizabeth Price, was shortlisted for the Turner Prize in 2012.
The college's art collection includes works by:
Maggi Hambling
John Singer Sargent
Sir Stanley Spencer
Philip de LΓ‘szlΓ³
Coat of arms
The college's coat of arms features devices that recall those associated with its foundation:
The portcullis is from the arms of Lady Margaret Beaufort
The bell is a symbol of the Wordsworth family.
The Talbot dogs represent Edward Talbot
The original coat of arms consisted of three daisies intertwined and bore the motto - "Ex solo ad solem" meaning "From the earth to the sun" and can be seen to adorn Talbot hall, and the Wordsworth and Toynbee buildings. The previous crest gave its name to one of the early college student publications from the 1890s - The Daisy.
After the 50th anniversary of the college, the crest was replaced, now encompassing features which represent the history and founding of the college.
College talks
In the 20th century, the yearly Deneke talks were held in memory of Philip Maurice Deneke who died in 1924. Lectures in this series included "Goethe on nature and science" in 1942 by Nobel laureate Charles Scott Sherrington and in 1933, Albert Einstein who gave the talk "Einiges zur atomistic", concluding the address as follows: "The deeper we search, the more we find there is to know, and as long as humanity exists I believe it will always be so." Margaret Deneke, daughter of Philip, wrote of the talk in her memoirs:
In recent years, the series "In Conversation with Alan Rusbridger", holding interviews in the Simpkins Lee theatre with figures such as:
Philip Pullman
Gary Lineker
Benedict Cumberbatch
Joseph Stiglitz
Lady Hale
John Simpson
Lord Sumption
Sir Brian Leveson
George Monbiot
Carol Cadwalladr
Edward Snowden (via video link)
Anthony Gormley
Culture and traditions
Literature
In Phillip Pullman's The Secret Commonwealth, the character Lyra Belacqua attends an Oxford college, St Sophia's, which bears many similarities to Lady Margaret Hall: from its location on the map seen in 'Lyra's Oxford' to being one of the first colleges to offer women an education.
A thinly disguised version of the college appeared as "Lady Matilda's College" in an episode of Lewis; portions of the episode were filmed within the hall.
The grounds, along with those of Trinity College, Oxford, were the basis for Fleet College in the American author Charles Finch's novel set in Oxford University, The Last Enchantments.
Death on the Cherwell by Mavis Doriel Hay includes a St Simeon's College, located approximately on the site of Lady Margaret Hall.
Fire and Hemlock by Diana Wynne Jones had a St Margaret's College, which is based on Lady Margaret Hall.
Royal visits
Queen Elizabeth II visited the hall in 1961.
Charles, Prince of Wales visited the college in 2006.
Anne, Princess Royal visited the college in 2014.
Steam locomotive
A Great Western Railway 6959 Class locomotive named Lady Margaret Hall, number 7911, was built in 1950.
It was one of the 'Modified Hall' class and it was in service in the South East until December 1963.
Gardens
Students may not walk on the quadrangles or Fellows' lawn, however there is a custom of permitting them to do so on completion of their final examinations. There is a circular wooden bench dedicated to Iris Murdoch in the college gardens where she used to go walking.
Formal Hall
The college's candlelit Formal Hall is held every Friday of term.
Lady Margaret Hall is one of nine Oxford colleges to use the 'two-word' Latin grace; this grace is also used by five colleges at the University of Cambridge. The person presiding at High Table says the grace in two parts at formal meals. The first half of the grace, the ante cibum, is said before the meal starts and the second, the post cibum, once the meal's conclusion. It is as follows:
Benedictus benedicat - "May the Blessed One give a blessing"
Benedicto benedicatur - "Let praise be given to the Blessed One" or "Let a blessing be given by the Blessed One"
In contrast to some other colleges, gowns are not worn to formal hall, though they are still required at special occasions such as the Scholars' dinner and the Founders' and Benefactors' dinner.
Poet in Residence
The college has a poet in residence.
Notable people
Notable members
Alumni of the college (who are termed Senior Members) include:
Gertrude Bell, writer and diplomat
Benazir Bhutto, former prime minister of Pakistan
Neil Ferguson, epidemiologist
Michael Gove, politician
Nigella Lawson, journalist and celebrity television cooking show presenter
Eliza Manningham-Buller, former director general of MI5
Barbara Mills, former Director of Public Prosecutions
Diana Quick, actress
Dominic Raab, politician
Marina Warner, writer
Baroness Warnock, philosopher
C. V. Wedgwood, historian
Ann Widdecombe, politician
Malala Yousafzai, youngest-ever Nobel Prize laureate, female education activist
Notable fellows and academics
Notable fellows of the college include:
Alan Rusbridger
Dame Elizabeth Wordsworth
Dame Francis Lannon
Baroness Manningham-Buller
Principals
References
External links
Lady Margaret Hall Home Page β Official Site
Lady Margaret Hall MCR
Lady Margaret Hall JCR
Lady Margaret Hall Boat Club
Colleges of the University of Oxford
Educational institutions established in 1878
Former women's universities and colleges in the United Kingdom
Buildings and structures of the University of Oxford
1878 establishments in England | [
-0.20242495834827423,
0.12939578294754028,
0.5230419635772705,
-0.9283051490783691,
0.3558204472064972,
1.1879236698150635,
0.5283850431442261,
0.4075562655925751,
-0.8521594405174255,
-0.23356203734874725,
-0.7178153395652771,
-0.2552625238895416,
0.4186665117740631,
0.5764712691307068,
-0.10932670533657074,
-0.14485010504722595,
0.6377348303794861,
0.47729772329330444,
0.2522071301937103,
-0.5682176947593689,
0.11318686604499817,
0.04562624543905258,
-0.1912139654159546,
0.3966001570224762,
0.4532797336578369,
-0.2605664134025574,
0.6534631848335266,
-0.33888328075408936,
0.18988123536109924,
0.06778659671545029,
0.651715099811554,
-0.04877268895506859,
0.047670379281044006,
-0.5858746767044067,
0.5948771834373474,
-0.08959563821554184,
0.11074953526258469,
-0.03003723733127117,
-0.06408331543207169,
0.21076616644859314,
-0.3415253162384033,
-0.25829410552978516,
0.21195490658283234,
0.5634759068489075,
-0.7437326908111572,
-0.6204093098640442,
-1.1827017068862915,
0.4550101161003113,
-0.8227014541625977,
0.22943340241909027,
-0.5207495093345642,
0.4474518597126007,
0.772802472114563,
0.09385248273611069,
0.1378941684961319,
0.3122113049030304,
-1.1067215204238892,
0.23871737718582153,
0.20858675241470337,
-0.38924744725227356,
0.183811753988266,
0.688667893409729,
-0.13606825470924377,
0.5376675128936768,
-0.10758853703737259,
-0.044821031391620636,
0.24657189846038818,
-0.1303328573703766,
-1.1202881336212158,
0.06084783375263214,
-0.16289736330509186,
0.16333456337451935,
-0.17266038060188293,
0.30687087774276733,
-0.8776488900184631,
-0.4498805105686188,
0.22840552031993866,
0.14257889986038208,
0.728619396686554,
0.04654394090175629,
0.4322190284729004,
-0.10979584604501724,
0.25467759370803833,
0.48546212911605835,
0.6635798811912537,
0.6337488293647766,
-0.7847877144813538,
-0.11745602637529373,
-0.5871551036834717,
0.5143781304359436,
-0.47751590609550476,
0.17894437909126282,
-0.21691733598709106,
0.03851056843996048,
0.44296568632125854,
-0.19713151454925537,
0.2617794871330261,
0.07667943835258484,
0.06763586401939392,
-0.2217487394809723,
-0.6803305745124817,
0.39266014099121094,
0.34461987018585205,
-0.4008677005767822,
-0.47104412317276,
-0.08996395766735077,
-1.1004246473312378,
-0.6825546026229858,
0.03195420652627945,
0.19420185685157776,
-1.105483055114746,
0.0017371276626363397,
-0.561852753162384,
-0.06640060245990753,
-0.4096956253051758,
0.24147306382656097,
0.14540478587150574,
-0.2811526358127594,
-0.6222420930862427,
-0.10432828217744827,
-0.29671576619148254,
0.23269996047019958,
0.12268981337547302,
0.4984705150127411,
0.15139909088611603,
0.07930397242307663,
-0.03588079661130905,
0.4998157322406769,
-0.7153028845787048,
-0.3782951235771179,
0.3401036858558655,
0.6897331476211548,
0.25604045391082764,
-0.21127453446388245,
0.330710232257843,
-0.046845659613609314,
-0.16916097700595856,
0.049991242587566376,
0.7965741157531738,
0.4086401164531708,
-0.5640975832939148,
-0.021568436175584793,
-0.17148038744926453,
-0.2324373722076416,
0.6175863146781921,
-0.26940712332725525,
-0.6526892781257629,
-0.20263035595417023,
-0.31805557012557983,
-0.48056212067604065,
0.2747286856174469,
0.4108680784702301,
-0.3689655661582947,
-0.8193758726119995,
-0.2284819334745407,
0.5240837335586548,
0.24176084995269775,
0.3218635022640228,
-0.18773363530635834,
0.06661585718393326,
-0.21837304532527924,
0.03567786514759064,
0.2600427567958832,
0.1460985243320465,
0.24363093078136444,
0.16000187397003174,
0.3893059492111206,
-0.20862342417240143,
-0.512493908405304,
-0.003555778181180358,
-0.9043146967887878,
-0.2821095883846283,
0.892692506313324,
0.008607761934399605,
-0.2269403040409088,
0.06922941654920578,
0.5468457341194153,
0.22969813644886017,
0.31743964552879333,
-0.2988739609718323,
-0.6361664533615112,
0.21726693212985992,
0.029546186327934265,
-0.205622598528862,
0.13523732125759125,
0.17768238484859467,
0.021766452118754387,
0.24389396607875824,
-0.49875590205192566,
-0.09976357221603394,
-0.7270861864089966,
-0.2637695074081421,
0.10703466087579727,
0.37109440565109253,
1.4000132083892822,
0.3709969222545624,
-0.8357937932014465,
1.4237912893295288,
-0.663301408290863,
1.0245866775512695,
0.1007843092083931,
-0.0076120588928461075,
-0.19392627477645874,
-0.47607728838920593,
-0.23879972100257874,
-0.42531466484069824,
0.154387965798378,
0.26106134057044983,
0.5010337829589844,
0.5209105610847473,
-0.23771509528160095,
-0.7238979935646057,
0.21918915212154388,
0.7648921608924866,
0.18237516283988953,
-0.5015522241592407,
-0.2954784333705902,
-0.4634440839290619,
0.36081263422966003,
-0.7630078196525574,
1.096858263015747,
0.09279769659042358,
0.523586094379425,
0.10708541423082352,
-0.7044513821601868,
-0.06764128059148788,
-0.360774964094162,
0.47446057200431824,
0.10087025165557861,
0.16543233394622803,
0.4997749626636505,
0.3642576038837433,
-0.07769794017076492,
0.050104476511478424,
-0.0038598603568971157,
-0.5578092336654663,
-0.049194734543561935,
-0.15417851507663727,
0.6753640174865723,
-0.395962655544281,
0.03595883399248123,
-0.04065666347742081,
-0.7950775027275085,
0.8670700192451477,
-0.16860614717006683,
-0.3887096643447876,
-0.13192260265350342,
0.4898734986782074,
-0.34736207127571106,
-0.4934592545032501,
0.1959018111228943,
0.005874879192560911,
0.6609140038490295,
0.33201614022254944,
-0.01314925029873848,
-0.13223665952682495,
-0.01213225070387125,
0.6764481067657471,
0.4008266031742096,
0.6634032130241394,
-0.34218308329582214,
0.1906793862581253,
0.043439365923404694,
0.30860593914985657,
-0.4394392967224121,
-0.4052986204624176,
0.3438562750816345,
-1.167273759841919,
0.7396701574325562,
0.07410357892513275,
-0.13871027529239655,
-0.5690264105796814,
-0.12237884104251862,
0.233134925365448,
-0.24906384944915771,
0.08437406271696091,
0.212960883975029,
-0.11148983985185623,
-0.9469743371009827,
-0.5971089601516724,
0.7046806812286377,
0.40119150280952454,
-0.1181921660900116,
-0.4701690375804901,
-0.017069365829229355,
0.248620867729187,
0.07212381064891815,
-0.07969148457050323,
-0.20582783222198486,
0.6566997766494751,
-0.18495559692382812,
0.3709888160228729,
0.16339972615242004,
-0.4017474055290222,
0.3011731803417206,
0.6183530688285828,
0.36776089668273926,
-0.13198140263557434,
0.06382816284894943,
0.17327728867530823,
-0.22773659229278564,
0.5796492099761963,
0.2615392208099365,
0.48032936453819275,
0.46171462535858154,
-0.2347811758518219,
0.2154112160205841,
0.26144957542419434,
-5.377319812774658,
0.12524883449077606,
-0.4867194592952728,
0.021408211439847946,
0.905852735042572,
-0.33865198493003845,
0.3293458819389343,
-0.6270276308059692,
-0.41782480478286743,
-0.35384246706962585,
-0.16714458167552948,
-0.2441069781780243,
-0.311067134141922,
0.34422463178634644,
0.36495399475097656,
0.5317842960357666,
0.18903149664402008,
-0.22494810819625854,
0.2713985741138458,
0.31767770648002625,
0.015536481514573097,
0.3374651074409485,
-0.12682659924030304,
0.28163760900497437,
0.15227937698364258,
0.4619467854499817,
-0.010988847352564335,
-0.4524472951889038,
-0.9686811566352844,
-0.7198320627212524,
0.2987327575683594,
-0.31047680974006653,
-0.1596890389919281,
-0.11281011998653412,
-0.2760722041130066,
0.39610594511032104,
0.42104291915893555,
-0.008149533532559872,
-0.09886759519577026,
-0.2871118485927582,
0.7793498635292053,
0.2727550268173218,
0.5720528960227966,
-0.10688547044992447,
0.3064816892147064,
-0.5504869818687439,
-0.6095966696739197,
-0.13526323437690735,
0.16793285310268402,
0.18993647396564484,
-0.8184086084365845,
0.7453551292419434,
0.8621179461479187,
-0.061090752482414246,
-0.4041070342063904,
0.05312811955809593,
0.1625879406929016,
0.24402818083763123,
-0.04488173499703407,
-0.41615626215934753,
0.11615653336048126,
-0.639446496963501,
0.000011392688975320198,
-0.5641756057739258,
-0.41517889499664307,
-0.6728593707084656,
0.04246195778250694,
0.689602792263031,
-0.006550926715135574,
0.48643916845321655,
0.5833002328872681,
-0.029259704053401947,
-0.5481464862823486,
-0.9727962017059326,
-0.4679403603076935,
-1.0540671348571777,
-0.4740181863307953,
-0.33436334133148193,
0.007762695197016001,
-0.27799323201179504,
0.19625221192836761,
-0.22288258373737335,
-0.31426936388015747,
0.4814035892486572,
-0.073073610663414,
-1.106032371520996,
-0.24545416235923767,
-0.37734612822532654,
-0.5457245111465454,
-0.43399497866630554,
-0.4585190415382385,
-0.4101209044456482,
-0.1467188596725464,
0.42144420742988586,
0.23437081277370453,
-0.2946614921092987,
0.3096717894077301,
0.1765526384115219,
0.20738458633422852,
0.11378742754459381,
-0.13460500538349152,
-0.1872299760580063,
0.3926875591278076,
0.2205473929643631,
-0.02758369781076908,
-0.5097763538360596,
0.03272757679224014,
0.19154196977615356,
0.5133702158927917,
-0.12973552942276,
0.24479179084300995,
-0.49937114119529724,
0.08647893369197845,
-0.5273903012275696,
-0.26281797885894775,
-0.14221873879432678,
-0.2114623636007309,
0.4142567217350006,
-0.4712373912334442,
-0.2716880142688751,
-0.2778224050998688,
0.03952527046203613,
-0.00809431355446577,
0.11738091707229614,
-0.10401884466409683,
-0.12518298625946045,
0.4994101822376251,
-0.3513360321521759,
-0.4218865633010864,
-0.10487210750579834,
-0.009444058872759342,
-0.3767854869365692,
0.083340585231781,
0.18610690534114838,
-0.05687010660767555,
-0.18229635059833527,
0.04637414216995239,
-0.017762288451194763,
-0.3091799318790436,
0.5414989590644836,
-0.05887589603662491,
-0.015433166176080704,
-0.5835827589035034,
0.38480842113494873,
0.5955368280410767,
0.5860173106193542,
-0.16241049766540527,
0.3466581106185913,
-0.7099869847297668,
0.33880534768104553,
-0.6443995833396912,
-0.521497905254364,
-0.09829593449831009,
-0.4354681670665741,
0.12085478007793427,
-0.21745821833610535,
-0.3598647117614746,
0.7469012141227722,
-0.18783946335315704,
0.29012712836265564,
-0.6472216844558716,
-0.19558915495872498,
-0.6727586984634399,
-0.5720570087432861,
-0.05352411046624184,
0.06142378970980644,
0.14104248583316803,
-0.3184686303138733,
-0.8015007376670837,
0.39231163263320923,
0.18863850831985474,
-0.10790471732616425,
-0.5042353868484497,
-0.05145035311579704,
0.3339412212371826,
0.07005934417247772,
0.11185137927532196,
0.38497573137283325,
0.0921429991722107,
0.5067360997200012,
-0.03213886544108391,
-0.46597450971603394,
0.46561744809150696,
0.4330117404460907,
0.9308333992958069,
0.015098972246050835,
-0.5162960290908813,
-0.2600574195384979,
0.5067710876464844,
-0.4767440855503082,
0.2268652319908142,
-0.45911818742752075,
0.012602709233760834,
0.03720809519290924,
-0.37189069390296936,
-0.1927368938922882,
0.19927845895290375,
-0.1398036926984787,
-0.390591025352478,
-0.05082337558269501,
-0.1583181768655777,
1.0408855676651,
-0.5185215473175049,
0.9873620867729187,
0.24279630184173584,
-0.6765686273574829,
0.3779541552066803,
-0.021023474633693695,
0.006893041078001261,
0.6087864637374878,
-0.37702998518943787,
-0.24957294762134552,
0.9389209151268005,
0.770548403263092,
-0.7554014921188354,
0.05216238647699356,
-0.0033989811781793833,
-0.33448195457458496,
-0.08886339515447617,
0.043807320296764374,
-0.7361003160476685,
-0.6450579762458801,
-0.38803017139434814,
-0.10392455756664276,
-0.6831921339035034,
0.4984482228755951,
0.1122075617313385,
-0.7002606987953186,
0.7246723771095276,
-0.6020155549049377,
0.4777890145778656,
0.17581045627593994,
0.13781753182411194,
0.10881876200437546,
0.8236474990844727,
-0.380060613155365,
0.1524287760257721,
-0.06778686493635178,
-0.1625664383172989,
0.7865038514137268,
0.4253905713558197,
0.7097069621086121,
-0.046536706387996674,
-0.8049160838127136,
-0.4926268756389618,
0.5018460154533386,
0.019019976258277893,
0.19588834047317505,
-0.6627959609031677,
0.08340052515268326,
0.45104697346687317,
-0.2505372166633606,
-0.1156533807516098,
-0.4011705815792084,
-0.03851182386279106,
-0.2130368947982788,
0.3585652709007263,
-0.28440341353416443,
-0.13318882882595062,
0.007676135748624802,
0.3825620710849762,
0.2142917811870575,
-0.8263099789619446,
0.12222824990749359,
0.08444227278232574,
0.14864203333854675,
-0.19059160351753235,
-0.6203869581222534,
0.3923899233341217,
-0.2593792974948883,
0.2964521050453186,
-0.0927252396941185,
-0.28280410170555115,
0.007534990087151527,
-0.16777373850345612,
0.28487884998321533,
-0.46565836668014526,
-0.8762112259864807,
0.7149203419685364,
-0.6478241086006165,
-0.3625676929950714,
0.1092715859413147,
0.1262655258178711,
-0.1377798467874527,
0.7712036967277527,
-0.5243189930915833,
0.2006627768278122,
0.2207503616809845,
0.0073519134894013405,
0.3719874620437622,
-0.29133501648902893,
-0.34252265095710754,
0.3640470504760742,
0.14153321087360382,
-0.15946662425994873,
0.6650980710983276,
0.3139588236808777,
0.15698793530464172,
0.30517494678497314,
-0.12329842150211334,
-0.9897773265838623,
0.290969580411911,
0.5405622124671936,
0.3453523516654968,
0.21331541240215302,
-0.10472114384174347,
-0.19613192975521088,
-0.5310719609260559,
-0.175712451338768,
0.19324782490730286,
0.2108689546585083,
-0.24995560944080353,
0.9869459867477417,
0.5272256731987,
-0.21089696884155273,
0.019033282995224,
0.08780320733785629,
-0.707578182220459,
0.3270380198955536,
0.36682364344596863,
-0.42783594131469727,
0.24228321015834808,
0.2672216594219208,
0.1484735906124115,
-0.06955346465110779,
0.8008685111999512,
-0.5511482357978821,
-0.35678040981292725,
-0.12754428386688232,
0.4888404309749603,
0.01428108848631382,
-0.4064669907093048,
-0.12905725836753845,
0.7245995402336121,
-0.3064104914665222,
-0.6111339926719666,
-0.10351202636957169,
-0.8164804577827454,
-0.16991131007671356,
0.2851584255695343,
0.8692907094955444,
0.49419841170310974,
-0.45804810523986816,
0.08972550928592682,
-0.409729540348053,
0.15771831572055817,
0.199020117521286,
0.7616063356399536,
-0.006876830942928791,
0.0867922231554985,
0.2835424840450287,
-0.006843210197985172,
0.2020900398492813,
-0.1332937628030777,
0.2100284993648529,
0.690930187702179,
0.4170137345790863,
-0.2550143301486969,
-0.7025613784790039,
0.4732491672039032,
-0.3947591781616211,
0.6655266880989075,
0.44335758686065674,
-0.22463729977607727,
-0.48564258217811584,
-0.3014768064022064,
0.4115762412548065,
0.07122324407100677,
0.12446945905685425,
0.1312856674194336,
-0.005013181362301111,
0.7350776791572571,
0.015666566789150238,
-0.7223843336105347,
0.23887917399406433,
0.17281441390514374,
-0.02413378655910492,
0.49716469645500183,
0.07993748039007187,
-0.7345560193061829,
-0.0840253084897995,
-0.491828590631485,
0.2457912117242813,
-0.009408318437635899,
-0.027124032378196716,
-0.7073733806610107,
-0.3046548664569855,
0.1609889417886734,
-0.4867999255657196,
0.008461969904601574,
0.48944973945617676,
-0.3367355465888977,
0.23703736066818237,
0.2769946753978729,
-0.17280720174312592,
-0.12088868021965027,
0.2218092679977417,
0.58902907371521,
0.42546600103378296,
-0.13935457170009613,
-0.13190846145153046,
0.5210765600204468,
-0.38905155658721924,
0.44127973914146423,
-0.09357773512601852,
0.5941020250320435,
-0.22480350732803345,
-0.05506131425499916,
-0.5549448728561401,
-0.3297269642353058,
-0.05889732390642166,
-0.0034701069816946983,
-0.19897067546844482,
0.4868176579475403,
-0.25334692001342773,
0.9711782336235046,
0.2674291729927063,
0.37495937943458557,
-0.36674022674560547,
0.13812676072120667,
-0.07409564405679703,
0.06838072836399078,
0.35555243492126465,
0.4549621045589447,
0.0070980144664645195,
-0.37364378571510315,
-0.12714901566505432,
-0.07228241860866547,
-0.3475049138069153,
0.08563869446516037,
0.23787616193294525,
0.7848465442657471,
-0.61309415102005,
0.5164275169372559,
-0.3238614797592163,
0.876637876033783,
0.21658478677272797,
1.1184186935424805,
-0.026290468871593475,
-0.4281386435031891,
-0.8140790462493896,
-0.012821661308407784,
0.35567063093185425,
0.06084253638982773,
0.40313804149627686,
0.08876453340053558,
-0.41905927658081055,
-0.5777127146720886,
-0.6280271410942078,
0.1285012662410736,
0.09898175299167633,
-0.44419553875923157,
0.27911943197250366,
-0.3693937659263611,
-0.069768525660038,
-0.5477368235588074,
-0.3005063533782959,
-0.17404302954673767,
0.029945146292448044,
0.7677730917930603
]
|
128348 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linacre%20College%2C%20Oxford | Linacre College, Oxford | Linacre College is a constituent college of the University of Oxford in the UK whose members comprise approximately 50 fellows and 550 postgraduate students.
Linacre is a diverse college in terms of both the international composition of its members (the majority of whom are from outside the UK and represent 133 different countries), as well as the disciplines studied. Linacre was the first graduate college in the UK for both sexes and all subjects. Unlike most colleges, students and fellows share the same common room and there is no high table.
The college is named after Thomas Linacre (1460β1524), founder of the Royal College of Physicians as well as a distinguished renaissance humanist β multidisciplinary interests that the college aims to reflect.
The college is located on St Cross Road at its junction with South Parks Road, bordering University Parks to the north and the University Science Area to the west.
History
Linacre College (called Linacre House for its first three years) was the UK's first graduate society for both sexes and all subjects.
Founding Principal John Bamborough described it as "a deliberate experiment by the University to see whether the needs of graduate students could be met by a new type of society."
It was founded on 1 August 1962, in premises on St Aldate's formerly occupied by St Catherine's Society (now St Catherine's College) and currently home to the university's Music Department. Initially there were 115 members of whom only 30 were British. The first senior members included Isaiah Berlin, Dorothy Hodgkin and John Hicks.
In 1977, Linacre moved to its present site at Cherwell Edge, a Queen Anne building designed in part by Basil Champneys, which was formerly a private home, a convent of the Society of the Holy Child Jesus, and a residence for students of other colleges. In November 1964 Linacre became a self-governing society and then on 1 August 1986 Linacre became an independent college of Oxford University by Royal Charter. Since 2010 the principal has been Nick Brown.
On 31 October 2021 the college signed a memorandum of understanding with SOVICO Group, represented by their chairwoman Nguyen Thi Phuong Thao to receive a donation of Β£155 million. The MoU sets out the intention to create a new graduate centre and endow graduate access scholarships. After receipt of the first Β£50 million, the College will approach the Privy Council to ask for permission to change the name from Linacre College to Thao College. The donation and proposed name change has been a source of controversy for some university staff and students due to SOVICO's interests in fossil fuel industries.
Coat of arms and motto
In 1988 Linacre College was granted a coat of arms blazoned:
Sable an open Book proper edged Or bound Gules the dexter page charged with the Greek Letter Alpha the sinister page charged with the Greek Letter Omega both Sable the whole between three Escallops Argent.
The college motto beneath the escutcheon is No End To Learning. College colours are grey, yellow and black (or silver, gold and sable) but only the latter two colours are used for rowing blades and most sports clothing.
Both scallop shells and the alpha and omega are common symbols in heraldry and can have religious significance. Scallop shells are traditionally a symbol of the Way of St. James (pilgrimage route to the Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela) and alpha and omega often a Christian reference to God. A secular interpretation is as reference to the completeness of study (alpha being the first letter of the Greek alphabet and omega the last) and the process of scholarship akin to a pilgrimage/journey.
College grace
The college grace is said in Latin by the Principal (or a designated fellow) at formal dinners in Hall.
Before commencement of the meal the words "Benedictus benedicat" ('May the Blessed One give a blessing') are said, all standing.
After the completion of the meal the words "Benedicto benedicatur" ('May the Blessed One be blessed') are said, all standing.
Buildings and facilities
Linacre's main site is on the corner of South Parks Road and St Cross Road. In addition to the original building of 1886 (now known as the OC Tanner Building) there are three much newer accommodation blocks on the main site, all built of "Linacre College Special Blend Brick" with matching Queen Anne style architecture. The Bamborough, Abraham, and Griffiths buildings were completed in 1986, 1995, and 2008 respectively, raising the total number of student rooms on the main college site to 92.
OC Tanner Building
The oldest part of the college, known as the OC Tanner Building, contains most of the central facilities, all staff offices and some student accommodation. The heart of the building is the large common room, which has a bar and other leisure facilities. The college library, formerly a chapel, includes shared computing facilities for college members.
Gilbert Ryle Collection
As well as the main library there is also Gilbert Ryle's personal library, part of which he donated in 1968, and the remainder after his death in 1976. Ryle was involved in the creation of Linacre House in 1962, when the institution had no library. When Ryle retired in 1968, he donated many of his books to Linacre College, and the remainder of the collection after he died in 1976. The books are stored in the Linacre Bookcase and are available for use in the Linacre Library.
Bamborough Building
The first major addition to the main college site was the Bamborough Building, which opened in 1985 and was officially named in 1986. It is located beside the OC Tanner Building to form a quad featuring an ornamental fountain. A plaque on the Bamborough Building commemorates it winning an Oxford Preservation Trust award in 1987.
Abraham Building
The Edward & AsbjΓΆrg Abraham Building, completed in 1995, is primarily a residential building offering single bedrooms for students. It was designed and built as part of a movement within Linacre to raise environmental awareness and promote sustainable development. The building was named UK Green Building of the Year 1996 and won the BCE Environmental Leadership Award as well as the Oxfordshire special conservation award of 1995. A photovoltaic system was installed on the roofs of Abraham and Griffiths Buildings in 2011. The quad enclosed by the Tanner, Abraham and Griffiths buildings was named in 2012 after Jaki Leverson a former student, and contains a sculpture entitled 'The Dancing Phoenix' by Hugo Powell.
The basement of the Abraham Building houses a music practice room and the college gym, which has four ergometers, a good range of weights, various other gym equipment and space for several classes.
Griffiths Building
The newest residence on the main site is the Griffiths Building, named after former student and Honorary Fellow Rodney Griffiths. Completed in 2008, the building has 28 en suite single rooms and 4 en suite double rooms with shared kitchens. It was a finalist for two awards of The Brick Development Association.
Dining Hall
Between the OC Tanner and Abraham Buildings is Linacre's large dining hall, added in 1977, which operates a canteen service most weekdays for lunch and evening meal.
The Rom HarrΓ© Garden
The most recent major development at Linacre has been the completion of a garden extension on the main site of the college in 2010. This is a quiet spot with flowers and outdoor seating. Rom HarrΓ© is a former Vice-Principal and Emeritus Fellow.
Off site accommodation
Linacre also owns or leases a number of buildings off the main site, including properties on Banbury Road, Bradmore Road, Divinity Road, Iffley Road, Stanley Road and Walton Street, which provide a further 102 rooms (including rooms for couples). The college generally offers accommodation to all first-year students (freshers) and the percentage of graduate students housed within college accommodation exceeds the university average. Students typically move into private shared housing in and around Oxford after their first year.
Photograph gallery
Student life
Common Room
Much of the college's social and sporting life is coordinated through the Common Room, of which all students, fellows and staff are members. The Common Room's elected executive committee oversees activities and works closely with college officials to represent its members' interests.
The Common Room organises numerous events during term time. Particular highlights include termly bops, which are among the largest student-run parties in Oxford. Operating across two floors and outside areas, the bops are themed parties open to members of other colleges. The biggest bop of the year is usually the matriculation bop ("sexy sub-fuscβ theme) which usually attracts a queue far in excess of the 450 person capacity. In 2015, 750 people enjoyed the event at any given time, and more than 950 people attended it throughout the night. Other social events include smaller college parties, movie nights, cake baking, cheese and wine tasting and lectures.
Clubs and societies
Like all colleges, Linacre has many active sports teams and its members also represent the university in various sports. Active societies and clubs include the Linacre Music Society, Linacre College Boat Club, Linacre Recreational Football Society, Linacre Ladies that Lift weightlifting society, Linacre Yoga Society, Linacre Green Society, and Linacre Intercultural Society and Linacre Photo Society, among others.
Sustainability and ethics
The college has a strong environmental ethos and has gained a reputation as the 'green' college of Oxford through a number of environmental initiatives over the years including an official sustainability policy. Linacre has been ranked greenest college by OUSU in a number of years. The common room executive hosts an environment officer and there is an active green society since 2007 as well as an allotment society. Linacre's Abraham building won Green Building of the Year 1996 and as well as the BCE Environmental Leadership Award. In 2006 Linacre became the first carbon neutral college in Oxford by offsetting carbon emissions with a three-year contract with ClimateCare but stopped being carbon neutral in 2008.
In 2010 Linacre committed to the 10:10 campaign to reduce carbon emissions 10% that year. It has more recently set a target of 40% reduction over ten years until 2020. A photovoltaic system was installed on the roofs of Abraham and Griffiths Buildings in 2011. In 2016 Linacre invested Β£100,000 into the Low Carbon Hub, a renewable energy social enterprise. Linacre was the first Oxford college to achieve fairtrade status in September 2006. In 2016 Linacre also hosted a seminar series on the sustainability and ethics of banking.
Linacre runs two major public lectures each year:
Linacre Lectures on the Environment
Throughout its history the college has run an annual series of Linacre Lectures open to non-members, the first of which were given by Brian Aldiss, Robert Graves and Isaiah Berlin. Since 1991 these public lectures have focused on environmental challenges.
2017: John Knox, "Global Threats to Environmental Human Rights Defenders".
2014: Michael Oppenheimer, "Migration, Interconnection, Conflict: Emergent Issues and Indirect Impacts in IPCCβs Fifth Assessment"
2013: Mike Gidney, David Heath, and Gordon McGranahan on "Food Security and Sustainability"
2012: Carl Folke, Robert Costanza, and others on "Environmental Governance and Resilience"
2011: Lester R. Brown, Paul Ekins, and others on "Riding the Perfect Storm"
Tanner Lectures on Human Values
2019: Strobe Talbott, "A President for Dark Times: the Age of Reason Meets the Age of Trump".
2018: Abhijit Banerjee and Esther Duflo, "Economics for the Human Race".
2017: George F. R. Ellis, "On the Origin and Nature of Values".
2016: Shirley Williams, "The Value of Europe and European Values".
2015: Peter Singer, "From Moral Neutrality to Effective Altruism: The Changing Scope and Significance of Moral Philosophy".
2014: Shami Chakrabarti, "Human Rights as Human Values".
2013: Michael Ignatieff, "Representation and Responsibility: Ethics and Public Office".
People associated with the college
Notable alumni
Juan Ossio AcuΓ±a, anthropologist and historian, and the first Peruvian Minister of Culture
Yasmin Alibhai-Brown, journalist
Carolyn Browne, diplomat, British Ambassador to Kazakhstan, former British Ambassador to Azerbaijan
Deborah Cadbury, author and television producer
Edward Chen, CBE, GBS, Professor and Fellow of the Centre of Asian Studies at the University of Hong Kong
Nigel A. L. Clarke, Minister of Finance and the Public Service of Jamaica and Jamaican Member of Parliament
Heather Couper, astronomer, television and radio presenter, writer, and film producer; served as commissioner for the Millennium Commission
Gianni De Fraja, Professor of Economics at the University of Nottingham
Flavio Delbono, Italian economist and politician
Satsuki Eda, served as President of the House of Councillors of Japan
Neil Ferguson, , epidemiologist, Professor of Mathematical Biology and head of the Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology at Imperial College London
Raymond Flood, former Gresham Professor of Geometry at Gresham College
Philip A. Gale, Professor of Chemistry and Head of School, University of Sydney
Elspeth Garman, Professor of Molecular Biophysics at Oxford
David Gavaghan, Professor of Computational Biology at Oxford
Frene Ginwala, South African politician and former journalist
Carolyn Tanner Irish, Bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Utah
Dafydd Glyn Jones, Welsh scholar and lexicographer
Joanna Kavenna, novelist, essayist and travel writer, Granta Best of Young British Novelists 2013
David Kelly, biological weapons expert
John Keown, Rose F. Kennedy Professor of Christian Ethics at Georgetown University
Guy Lloyd-Jones, , Forbes Professor of Organic Chemistry at the University of Edinburgh
Jef McAllister, American journalist, author and lawyer, former White House Correspondent and London Bureau Chief of Time magazine
Alister McGrath, Andreas Idreos Professor of Science and Religion at Oxford
P. Michael McKinley, United States Ambassador to Brazil, former United States Ambassador to Afghanistan, Colombia, and Peru
Urjit Patel, 24th Governor of the Reserve Bank of India
Anthony Pierce, former Bishop of Swansea and Brecon
Kenneth Joseph Riley, former Canon Precentor at Liverpool Cathedral
Ian Stanes, former Archdeacon of Loughborough
Brian Tanner, Professor of Physics and Dean of Knowledge Transfer at Durham University
Paul Tellier, former Clerk of the Privy Council (Canada)
Stephen Venner, Bishop to the Forces and Bishop for the Falkland Islands
Keith Ward, British cleric, philosopher and theologian
Jake Wetzel, Olympic gold medallist rower
Martin Wharton, Bishop of Newcastle
The Lady Gabriella Windsor, anthropologist and freelance journalist
Fellows
Silke Ackermann, Director of the History of Science Museum, Oxford, and the first woman to direct a museum at the university
Martin Aitken, , Oxford professor of archaeometry
Hazel Assender, Associate Professor in Materials at Oxford
James Bennett, Professor of the History of Science at Oxford, former Director of the History of Science Museum, Oxford
Hermann Blaschko, Reader in Biochemical Pharmacology at Oxford
Brian Catling, Professor of Fine Art at the Ruskin School of Art
Rupert Cecil, World War II bomber pilot (DFC and Bar), scientific intelligence officer, and first Dean and Vice Principal of Linacre College
Chris Dobson, chemist and structural biologist, and Master of St John's College, Cambridge
Ursula Dronke, former VigfΓΊsson Reader in Old Norse at Oxford
Terry Eagleton, literary critic and theorist, Distinguished Professor of English Literature at Lancaster University
Margaret Gowing, , holder of the first chair in the History of Science at Oxford
Rom HarrΓ©, former Director of the Centre for Philosophy of Natural and Social Science at the London School of Economics
Sir John Hicks, winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics
Ursula Hicks, economist and founder of The Review of Economic Studies
Sir Paul Nurse, Nobel Prizeβwinning biochemist, former President of the Royal Society, Chancellor of the University of Bristol
Michael Stumpf, Professor of Theoretical Systems Biology at Imperial College
Henri Tajfel, former Chair of Social Psychology at the University of Bristol
Michael J. Whelan, Professor in the Department of Materials at Oxford, and recipient of multiple awards for work in crystallography and microscopy including the Hughes Medal, the C.V. Boys Prize, and the GjΓΈnnes Medal
Honorary fellows
David Hope, Baron Hope of Thornes
Obert C. Tanner
Geoffrey Thomas
Principals
1962β1988: John Bamborough, founding principal
1988β1996: Sir Bryan Cartledge
1996β2010: Paul Slack
2010βpresent: Nick Brown
References
External links
Official website
Common room website
Virtual Tour of Linacre College (slightly out of date due to new building)
Colleges of the University of Oxford
Educational institutions established in 1962
1962 establishments in England
Buildings and structures of the University of Oxford
Postgraduate schools in the United Kingdom | [
0.09104461967945099,
0.3239794969558716,
0.04380519315600395,
-0.8421260714530945,
0.0022642449475824833,
0.8657307624816895,
0.6743931174278259,
0.6002404093742371,
-0.5528642535209656,
-0.139107808470726,
-0.8936094045639038,
0.07387880235910416,
0.3122537136077881,
0.022558286786079407,
0.29203641414642334,
-0.2509063482284546,
0.7406936287879944,
0.5933600068092346,
0.3253503143787384,
-0.925180196762085,
0.15946149826049805,
0.5060698390007019,
-0.13478676974773407,
0.2658281922340393,
-0.041371382772922516,
-0.01269751787185669,
0.3350520431995392,
-0.33736154437065125,
-0.03850443288683891,
-0.290591835975647,
0.37572017312049866,
0.4600120186805725,
-0.09502602368593216,
-0.6444355249404907,
0.6155825853347778,
-0.06997165828943253,
0.3546271026134491,
-0.4306621551513672,
-0.010732910595834255,
0.008139501325786114,
0.16917720437049866,
-0.015289503149688244,
0.16281044483184814,
0.2595561146736145,
-0.6468557119369507,
-0.22742240130901337,
-0.9308300018310547,
0.3634890913963318,
-0.5758113265037537,
0.1508036106824875,
-0.05031675845384598,
0.4500913619995117,
0.6209787130355835,
-0.35271748900413513,
0.49293053150177,
0.6506187319755554,
-1.157373070716858,
0.019874799996614456,
0.6672441959381104,
0.20575016736984253,
0.37959015369415283,
1.0887401103973389,
-0.22622254490852356,
0.28048962354660034,
-0.35309484601020813,
-0.15877151489257812,
0.17992554605007172,
0.13549312949180603,
-0.8909528851509094,
-0.4684717059135437,
0.032420527189970016,
-0.07856734097003937,
0.1385776698589325,
0.6218641996383667,
-0.7984741926193237,
-0.9799056053161621,
0.02748621068894863,
0.39536839723587036,
0.39817312359809875,
0.004636258352547884,
0.5576054453849792,
0.37542206048965454,
0.8789921998977661,
0.5094490647315979,
0.9249572157859802,
0.6671234965324402,
-1.147914171218872,
-0.04005388915538788,
-0.3962060511112213,
0.592130184173584,
-0.5117253065109253,
0.002969965571537614,
0.2221752107143402,
0.2740669548511505,
0.31838127970695496,
0.12193186581134796,
-0.10407621413469315,
0.3641704320907593,
-0.04328630492091179,
0.0210040844976902,
-0.2807975113391876,
0.7518661618232727,
0.2935720682144165,
-0.122083380818367,
-0.6296655535697937,
-0.05825848504900932,
-0.9785518050193787,
-0.916387140750885,
0.047108858823776245,
-0.057007115334272385,
-0.39333534240722656,
-0.05381883308291435,
-0.660448431968689,
-0.04941876605153084,
-0.027334673330187798,
0.05520450323820114,
0.05579280108213425,
-0.23116350173950195,
-0.5962531566619873,
-0.1314246952533722,
-0.1928902417421341,
0.6428473591804504,
0.17671914398670197,
0.1446049064397812,
-0.3565696179866791,
0.23318198323249817,
0.3302091360092163,
0.14818064868450165,
-0.12415722012519836,
0.16715525090694427,
0.43873411417007446,
0.6968327164649963,
-0.20571555197238922,
-0.07996971905231476,
0.00523038487881422,
-0.32408416271209717,
-0.06764207035303116,
0.11530066281557083,
0.7356323003768921,
0.676913857460022,
-1.0281240940093994,
-0.00478780921548605,
-0.5155797004699707,
-0.10864880681037903,
0.6337800025939941,
-0.28687939047813416,
-0.4940904378890991,
0.14028888940811157,
-0.12532272934913635,
-0.6883264780044556,
0.20094294846057892,
-0.055791225284338,
-0.4782296419143677,
-0.6621501445770264,
-0.18892338871955872,
0.22252510488033295,
0.2417190819978714,
0.12963555753231049,
-0.09996230155229568,
0.11599230021238327,
-0.1964978128671646,
-0.45393356680870056,
0.43249374628067017,
0.08674047887325287,
0.05513690039515495,
0.21986408531665802,
0.7711613178253174,
-0.4342021048069,
-0.3419726490974426,
0.39678797125816345,
-1.1658730506896973,
-0.3591236472129822,
0.7495274543762207,
-0.3261142671108246,
-0.11411499977111816,
-0.30510032176971436,
1.037918210029602,
0.4989071190357208,
0.11584246903657913,
-0.4938170611858368,
-0.6774935126304626,
0.005453107878565788,
0.19782710075378418,
0.13233958184719086,
0.33015161752700806,
-0.132637158036232,
0.26763826608657837,
0.00313841481693089,
-0.41870173811912537,
0.2628207802772522,
-0.6317041516304016,
-0.45510920882225037,
0.2722764015197754,
0.033021729439496994,
1.0641238689422607,
0.20242507755756378,
-0.7891961932182312,
0.5116374492645264,
-0.12259422242641449,
0.8924064636230469,
-0.16511918604373932,
0.10594282299280167,
-0.09797162562608719,
-0.5168647170066833,
-0.6483596563339233,
-0.1472150981426239,
0.5809131860733032,
0.17170420289039612,
0.4944104552268982,
0.25502488017082214,
0.24735000729560852,
-0.8940768241882324,
0.157986581325531,
0.11546872556209564,
-0.19730201363563538,
-0.5688493847846985,
-0.2172650247812271,
-0.23626212775707245,
0.5275263786315918,
-0.7937353253364563,
0.9515149593353271,
0.02320452593266964,
0.7578192353248596,
0.12428237497806549,
-0.3333386778831482,
0.03985167667269707,
-0.03527168184518814,
0.3935004472732544,
0.2443021833896637,
-0.32548418641090393,
0.68080735206604,
0.014928613789379597,
-0.5078410506248474,
-0.19638609886169434,
-0.030520327389240265,
-0.4212965667247772,
-0.3683294653892517,
-0.5558558702468872,
0.597744882106781,
0.022221209481358528,
0.09394025057554245,
-0.15168017148971558,
-1.0547192096710205,
0.21703581511974335,
0.3453035056591034,
-0.09552373737096786,
0.30600279569625854,
0.44898131489753723,
0.3630898892879486,
-0.12931789457798004,
0.41469788551330566,
-0.11073960363864899,
0.0235355943441391,
-0.38791370391845703,
0.13747763633728027,
-0.1619414985179901,
-0.18049520254135132,
0.44503113627433777,
0.6957019567489624,
0.11214624345302582,
-0.620621383190155,
-0.09553144127130508,
0.18671321868896484,
0.49641621112823486,
-0.20348913967609406,
-0.6777716279029846,
-0.21359406411647797,
-0.7793760895729065,
0.5153897404670715,
-0.20695778727531433,
0.7213200330734253,
-0.6704723834991455,
-0.058010611683130264,
0.2108640819787979,
-0.6372491121292114,
0.47011396288871765,
0.18209421634674072,
-0.3265745937824249,
-0.8110105395317078,
-0.1940976232290268,
0.43317002058029175,
0.26755958795547485,
-0.19850414991378784,
-0.2296960949897766,
-0.6237895488739014,
0.4760773181915283,
0.2363748550415039,
-0.10143652558326721,
-0.2893112301826477,
-0.022315535694360733,
-0.21342144906520844,
0.26738715171813965,
-0.06223994493484497,
0.6100677251815796,
0.23959866166114807,
-0.03351697698235512,
-0.007843555882573128,
-0.3623754382133484,
-0.14617057144641876,
-0.15615856647491455,
0.008432270959019661,
0.9130933284759521,
-0.42743995785713196,
0.49525323510169983,
0.8612684011459351,
-0.11874020099639893,
-0.2327723354101181,
0.1011028066277504,
-5.392100811004639,
0.3949662148952484,
-0.7070223689079285,
0.38866230845451355,
0.8593230247497559,
-0.45757216215133667,
0.31362593173980713,
-0.4250512719154358,
-0.418232798576355,
-0.31719911098480225,
-0.5936737060546875,
-0.10328517854213715,
-0.2068723887205124,
0.8842962384223938,
0.5922191739082336,
0.888977587223053,
0.28293007612228394,
-0.1770687848329544,
0.31374186277389526,
0.5914150476455688,
-0.1871916800737381,
-0.024574317038059235,
-0.12140485644340515,
0.7831146717071533,
0.180341437458992,
0.24777232110500336,
-0.00942398700863123,
0.02129347249865532,
-0.7632938623428345,
-0.4537319839000702,
0.18060030043125153,
-0.1410834640264511,
0.12006139010190964,
-0.30064404010772705,
-0.3797524571418762,
0.36235177516937256,
0.31477290391921997,
0.2244846075773239,
0.13305437564849854,
-0.3774978220462799,
0.2055993676185608,
0.23382097482681274,
0.2610222399234772,
-0.14726227521896362,
0.5701847076416016,
-0.32003775238990784,
-0.9916929602622986,
-0.017281465232372284,
-0.20065611600875854,
0.33825355768203735,
-0.2560902535915375,
0.21193775534629822,
0.33122992515563965,
0.24731379747390747,
-0.4691864848136902,
-0.3124803900718689,
0.12932448089122772,
-0.3446217179298401,
0.12994667887687683,
-0.059959180653095245,
-0.006341453641653061,
-0.7630616426467896,
0.13836278021335602,
0.07220979034900665,
-0.4042246639728546,
-0.10477717965841293,
-0.30312198400497437,
0.4355566203594208,
-0.08334241062402725,
0.3610600233078003,
0.02243129350244999,
0.4920676648616791,
-0.4692177474498749,
-1.0916534662246704,
-0.41713401675224304,
-0.4469122588634491,
-0.29769542813301086,
-0.10588283091783524,
-0.05105288699269295,
0.5121052265167236,
0.1702623963356018,
0.09678889065980911,
-0.5103632807731628,
0.7994030117988586,
-0.19440783560276031,
-1.067732572555542,
-0.27051958441734314,
0.3355526030063629,
-0.5729172825813293,
-0.5234931707382202,
0.10683505982160568,
-0.327252596616745,
-0.3252830505371094,
0.5119297504425049,
0.5367968082427979,
0.055464278906583786,
-0.23491151630878448,
0.606946587562561,
0.006995366886258125,
-0.14903384447097778,
0.23502595722675323,
-0.5623107552528381,
0.13503889739513397,
-0.05452559515833855,
0.049148716032505035,
-0.19418087601661682,
-0.25163549184799194,
0.23898945748806,
0.35416465997695923,
0.22557006776332855,
0.4159608483314514,
-0.20588544011116028,
-0.37311768531799316,
0.2879750728607178,
0.11222122609615326,
-0.17312049865722656,
-0.03320213407278061,
0.6524847745895386,
-0.2581745684146881,
-0.00975580420345068,
-0.47452133893966675,
0.12903258204460144,
0.12128297239542007,
-0.13649994134902954,
-0.40060746669769287,
-0.4632258713245392,
0.46484240889549255,
-0.08415951579809189,
-0.35426273941993713,
-0.05317951366305351,
-0.19251057505607605,
-0.16785672307014465,
-0.2639429271221161,
0.3380051851272583,
-0.477455735206604,
-0.7468053102493286,
-0.5727024078369141,
0.11667118221521378,
0.2571159303188324,
0.7346257567405701,
0.6498755812644958,
0.08432359993457794,
0.09790991991758347,
0.05720296874642372,
0.8527321219444275,
0.8787604570388794,
-0.09680523723363876,
0.07773516327142715,
-0.939028263092041,
0.4348164200782776,
-0.16168047487735748,
-0.44944116473197937,
-0.11590053141117096,
-0.5241963267326355,
0.35718029737472534,
-0.10592225939035416,
-0.38342201709747314,
0.9452593922615051,
0.04128081724047661,
0.2666725218296051,
-0.14629027247428894,
-0.26672878861427307,
-0.5834605693817139,
-0.24402280151844025,
0.29300981760025024,
-0.05851465463638306,
0.17288774251937866,
-0.5627923011779785,
-0.8226273059844971,
0.2859775722026825,
-0.16950689256191254,
-0.27852052450180054,
-0.2947205901145935,
-0.2866445779800415,
0.5304352045059204,
0.04682740196585655,
-0.13663312792778015,
-0.09504358470439911,
-0.5654400587081909,
-0.17173096537590027,
-0.35517796874046326,
-0.1560715138912201,
0.29404786229133606,
0.2801510989665985,
0.680390477180481,
-0.180032417178154,
-0.4596893787384033,
-0.5112094283103943,
0.25226953625679016,
-0.6137396693229675,
-0.11375433951616287,
-0.03308567777276039,
-0.0843217596411705,
0.04557240009307861,
-0.4032602906227112,
-0.5528068542480469,
0.28672391176223755,
0.2289847433567047,
-0.3868148922920227,
-0.47003498673439026,
0.2427547425031662,
0.6637400984764099,
-0.45535776019096375,
1.062706708908081,
0.3481875956058502,
-0.7272359728813171,
0.08479414880275726,
0.3448900580406189,
-0.3772754669189453,
0.6191485524177551,
-0.32274892926216125,
-0.6070296168327332,
0.5811134576797485,
0.36021968722343445,
-1.1544744968414307,
0.048945456743240356,
-0.0427975095808506,
-0.17670953273773193,
-0.3824700713157654,
-0.2937479615211487,
-0.6555435657501221,
-0.5034331679344177,
-0.1666433960199356,
-0.17740537226200104,
-0.728300929069519,
0.41300228238105774,
0.3380083441734314,
-0.751136302947998,
0.8253938555717468,
-0.33045610785484314,
0.3588590621948242,
0.36065030097961426,
-0.3709413707256317,
-0.16292411088943481,
0.8221007585525513,
-0.19540968537330627,
-0.3574984669685364,
-0.04490303248167038,
-0.27140310406684875,
0.5721137523651123,
0.006336060352623463,
0.6497545838356018,
-0.03018265590071678,
-0.6490455865859985,
-0.5738785266876221,
0.5583195686340332,
0.0027049726340919733,
0.05300850048661232,
-0.7313265800476074,
-0.1649015098810196,
0.3848985731601715,
-0.23107364773750305,
-0.16425205767154694,
-0.27889806032180786,
0.31481581926345825,
-0.5212367177009583,
0.3509220480918884,
0.18792195618152618,
0.01941380463540554,
-0.0627303197979927,
0.40815305709838867,
0.2713157534599304,
-0.4971112906932831,
0.24435926973819733,
0.17168569564819336,
-0.09531708806753159,
-0.1195329874753952,
-1.1062161922454834,
0.7685062885284424,
-0.3095094561576843,
0.38995975255966187,
-0.21530216932296753,
0.08147189766168594,
0.4698989987373352,
0.0324658565223217,
0.0224927831441164,
0.011359365656971931,
-0.9403414130210876,
1.161887288093567,
-0.2971075177192688,
-0.5383334755897522,
0.5017143487930298,
0.4430994987487793,
-0.21228760480880737,
0.886183500289917,
-0.690075695514679,
-0.024937201291322708,
0.2360994666814804,
-0.16060711443424225,
0.699272871017456,
-0.2699682116508484,
-0.6186004877090454,
0.2720981538295746,
0.2208016961812973,
-0.09516032785177231,
0.4060671627521515,
0.19986571371555328,
-0.36960679292678833,
0.3922579288482666,
-0.35487762093544006,
-0.9608703851699829,
0.6731094121932983,
0.008824783377349377,
0.0523834154009819,
0.008305353112518787,
0.0019122513476759195,
-0.25754714012145996,
-0.1889619380235672,
-0.5390522480010986,
-0.29320865869522095,
0.4213336408138275,
-0.4075585603713989,
0.7760440707206726,
0.43154871463775635,
-0.12615197896957397,
0.031462039798498154,
0.1874387562274933,
-0.6051913499832153,
-0.08640477061271667,
0.6237562298774719,
-0.22628799080848694,
0.13559286296367645,
0.2553443908691406,
0.2983510494232178,
-0.03362152725458145,
0.7688779234886169,
-0.5265167355537415,
-0.34626108407974243,
0.21923068165779114,
0.6016621589660645,
-0.136428564786911,
-0.46440374851226807,
-0.17404063045978546,
1.305084466934204,
0.07273343950510025,
-0.3138446509838104,
-0.3053717017173767,
-1.1063646078109741,
-0.4106438159942627,
0.31916874647140503,
0.5287101864814758,
0.8396892547607422,
-0.4041515588760376,
-0.06426233053207397,
-0.2215234935283661,
0.06887786090373993,
0.16483484208583832,
0.4640076160430908,
-0.07571285963058472,
0.5351043343544006,
0.12164155393838882,
0.1038028821349144,
0.44015756249427795,
-0.15014562010765076,
0.10496880114078522,
0.24841001629829407,
-0.16425544023513794,
-0.3134523630142212,
-1.000820279121399,
0.07385193556547165,
-0.2985702455043793,
0.7494543194770813,
0.39689570665359497,
-0.18545767664909363,
-0.2368175983428955,
-0.14751316606998444,
0.4597857892513275,
-0.11351735144853592,
0.32433292269706726,
0.3815252482891083,
0.2766745388507843,
0.39221662282943726,
0.19968605041503906,
-0.4610016942024231,
0.6314396262168884,
-0.10592908412218094,
0.03341112285852432,
0.28839385509490967,
0.11324211210012436,
-0.6034217476844788,
-0.1523977369070053,
-0.09962013363838196,
-0.15598437190055847,
-0.2352561503648758,
0.3263224959373474,
-0.7413591146469116,
-0.43568184971809387,
0.14611031115055084,
-0.6254115700721741,
-0.22694839537143707,
0.036807768046855927,
-0.3485693633556366,
-0.34584638476371765,
0.03433660417795181,
-0.6299517154693604,
-0.3753219544887543,
0.22327503561973572,
0.502419114112854,
0.18644574284553528,
-0.4056035876274109,
0.2667348384857178,
0.014176947064697742,
-0.1757465898990631,
0.20551441609859467,
-0.05431657284498215,
0.37914732098579407,
-0.4563067853450775,
-0.06763721257448196,
-0.6112787127494812,
-0.060175228863954544,
0.40627726912498474,
0.25197306275367737,
-0.0022086689714342356,
0.8337452411651611,
0.26406988501548767,
0.8643176555633545,
0.6067163348197937,
0.04829607531428337,
-0.28392279148101807,
-0.04584568366408348,
-0.09905314445495605,
0.19004638493061066,
0.14252497255802155,
0.625318169593811,
0.1718599498271942,
0.008239513263106346,
-0.2546124756336212,
-0.111207015812397,
-0.4173697233200073,
0.5871049761772156,
-0.135613813996315,
0.377702921628952,
-0.5855159163475037,
0.10254546254873276,
-0.07967488467693329,
0.2016962319612503,
0.3756192624568939,
1.3520859479904175,
0.21920910477638245,
-0.16723273694515228,
-0.4607584774494171,
-0.26973602175712585,
0.2598390579223633,
0.2253207117319107,
0.21392138302326202,
0.07286597788333893,
-0.2857799530029297,
-0.6553372740745544,
-0.1361100971698761,
0.3348948657512665,
0.5444445013999939,
-0.09311679005622864,
0.048127371817827225,
-0.3223746716976166,
-0.12814339995384216,
-0.2299627810716629,
-0.1715293973684311,
-0.401176780462265,
-0.0022261326666921377,
0.19554664194583893
]
|
128349 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mansfield%20College%2C%20Oxford | Mansfield College, Oxford | Mansfield College, Oxford is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in Oxford, England. The college was founded in Birmingham in 1838 as a college for Nonconformist students. It moved to Oxford in 1886 and was renamed Mansfield College after George Mansfield and his sister Elizabeth. In 1995 a royal charter was awarded giving the institution full college status. The college grounds are located on Mansfield Road, near the centre of Oxford.
As of February 2018, the college comprises 231 undergraduates, 158 graduates, 34 visiting students and 67 fellows and academics.
The principal of the college since 2018 is Helen Mountfield, a barrister and legal scholar.
History
The college was founded in 1838, under the patronage of George Storer Mansfield (1764β1837) and his two sisters Sarah (1767β1853) and Elizabeth (1772β1847), as Spring Hill College, Birmingham, a college for Nonconformist students. In the nineteenth century, although students from all religious denominations were legally entitled to attend universities, they were forbidden by statute from taking degrees unless they conformed to the Church of England.
In 1871, the Universities Tests Act abolished all religious tests for non-theological degrees at Oxford, Cambridge and Durham Universities. For the first time the educational and social opportunities offered by Britain's premier institutions were open to some Nonconformists. The Prime Minister who enacted these reforms, William Ewart Gladstone, encouraged the creation of a Nonconformist college at Oxford.
Spring Hill College moved to Oxford in 1886 and was renamed Mansfield College after George Mansfield and his sister Elizabeth. The Victorian buildings, designed by Basil Champneys on a site bought from Merton College, were formally opened in October 1889.
Mansfield was the first Nonconformist college to open in Oxford. Initially the college accepted men only, the first woman (Constance Coltman) being admitted to read for an external degree in 1913.
During World War II, over forty members of staff from the Government Code & Cypher School moved to the college to work on British codes and cyphers.
Like many of Oxford's colleges, Mansfield admitted its first mixed-sex cohort in 1979, having previously not accepted women to read for Oxford degrees.
In 1955 the college was granted the status of Permanent Private Hall within the University of Oxford and in 1995 a Royal Charter was awarded giving the institution full college status.
Nonconformist roots
Since the college was first formally integrated into the University structure in 1955, its Nonconformist aspects have gradually diminished. Until 2007 Mansfield trained United Reformed Church (URC) ordinands, who became fully matriculated members of the university and received degrees.
The Nonconformist history of the college is however still apparent in a few of its features. A portrait of Oliver Cromwell hangs in the Senior Common Room and portraits of the dissenters of 1662 hang in the library and the corridors of the main college building, together with portraits of Viscount Saye and Sele, John Hampden, Thomas Jollie and Hugh Peters.
The college chapel is unconsecrated, and contains stained glass windows and statues depicting leading figures from Nonconformist movements, including Cromwell, Sir Henry Vane and William Penn. Chapel services are still conducted in a Nonconformist tradition. Over the years attendance at chapel services has declined and the make-up of the general student body no longer reflects the Nonconformist religious origins of the college.
Because of its Nonconformist roots, the college still has strong links with American schools. It has a long established tradition of accepting around thirty "Junior Year Abroad" students from the US every year. These students come to study in Oxford for one academic year.
Grounds
The grounds of Mansfield College are located on Mansfield Road, near the centre of Oxford, and to the south of the Science Area. The grounds are near the University Parks and the River Cherwell. The college shares a boundary wall with Wadham College.
Buildings
The main building was designed by architect Basil Champneys, and built between 1887 and 1889. It houses the main college library, the law library and the theology library. It is also home to the college's Junior Common Room, Middle Common Room, and Senior Common Room. The main college building encloses three sides of the large quadrangle, which has a circular lawn. The college also has several other buildings, primarily used for student accommodation, which are opposite the main building.
Unusually, Mansfield College is not accessed via the porter's lodge, the college staff maintaining that this is representative of its open and non-conformist ethos. However, early outlines of schematics for the college show an enclosed second quadrangle behind the main building, with the front tower serving as a gatehouse into this area. However, the college's constituent poverty and lack of funds owing to its non-conformist history prevented these plans from being executed. What was planned to be a traditional style porter's lodge can still be found in the main building: on 1902 plans, the tiny room opening directly on to the entrance hall is labelled 'Porter'.
The latest addition to the college's facilities, the Hands Building, was designed by Rick Mather Architects and uses renewable energy sources. It incorporates 74 en-suite study bedrooms, seminar rooms and a 160-seat auditorium that will be used for lectures, as a cinema, moot court and performing arts space. It was nominated for the Royal Institute of British Architects South Regional Awards 2019.
Academic performance
The Norrington Table is an annual ranking of the colleges of the University of Oxford by number and class of degrees awarded. In 2019 Mansfield ranked 5th out of 30 Colleges in the table. The university advises that due to the small number of degrees awarded the rankings should be treated with caution. Mansfield's academic performance, as reflected in the Norrington Table, is currently within the same 10% range as most of the other colleges.
Student life
Mansfield College Boat Club and a number of other college organisations are popular amongst the students, achieving results competitive with the larger colleges. Many of the sports teams are "combined" in partnership with Merton College.
Like many of the constituent colleges of Oxford University, Mansfield holds a ball once every three years.
In Oxford tradition, Mansfield College holds regular formal dinners. These take place every Wednesday and Friday in the Chapel Hall.
Mansfield is known for placing emphasis on access, welfare and equality, with over 90% of students coming from a state school background. The college is recognized as a University College of Sanctuary by the UK charity City of Sanctuary, and has launched a fully-funded Sanctuary Scholarship.
College grace
In 2011, Mansfield College adopted two distinct pre-supper graces, one religious and one non-religious, in an effort to be inclusive to persons of different faiths, or none.
Prior to 2011, the college used the following, specifically Christian grace, adopted in 1953:
Translated: Almighty God, Father of mercies and fount of every good, in the enjoyment of thy gifts we bless thy name, through Jesus Christ our Lord.
People associated with Mansfield College
Principals
1886 to 1909: Andrew Martin Fairbairn; first principal of Mansfield College
1909 to 1932: William Boothby Selbie
1932 to 1953: Nathaniel Micklem
1953 to 1970: John Marsh
1970 to 1977: George Bradford Caird
1977 to 1986: Donald Armstrong Sykes
1989 to 1996: Dennis John Trevelyan
1996 to 2002: David Marquand
2002 to 2011: Diana Walford
2011 to 2018: Helena Kennedy, Baroness Kennedy of The Shaws
2018 to date: Helen Mountfield
Staff and fellows
The theologian Albert Schweitzer was a special lecturer at the college and often performed on the chapel organ. Rev. John Muddiman, G. B. Caird Fellow in New Testament Theology, and Michael Freeden, director of the Centre for Political Ideologies and founding editor of the Journal of Political Ideologies are two recently retired (now emeritus) fellows of the college. Dame Jocelyn Bell Burnell, the British astrophysicist known for first discovering radio pulsars, is currently a visiting professor.
Honorary fellows of the college include Jimmy Carter, 39th President of the US, Shami Chakrabarti, former director of the civil rights group Liberty and Chancellor of Oxford Brookes University, journalist and economist Will Hutton, politician Paddy Ashdown, actress Dame Maggie Smith, US senator Hillary Clinton and barrister Baroness Helena Kennedy.
Notable alumni
Robert Merrihew Adams, philosopher of religion
Pamela Sue Anderson, philosopher
Marcus Borg, US academic and theologian
Chris Bryant, MP
G. B. Caird, biblical scholar, Senior Tutor, and Principal; later Dean Ireland's Professor of Exegesis of Holy Scripture at the University of Oxford.
Constance Coltman, one of the first women ordained to Christian ministry in Britain
Paul Crossley, pianist
Adam Curtis, BAFTA award-winning filmmaker, producer and writer
Kwesi Dickson, academic, theologian, author and former President of Methodist Church Ghana
James Dingemans, constitutional lawyer and prosecutor during the Hutton Inquiry
C. H. Dodd, theologian, chairman of New English Bible translators
John Glen, politician
Uri Gordon, anarchist writer and activist
Colin Gunton, theologian
Guy Hands, private equity investor, founder of Terra Firma Capital Partners
Peter Hessler, US writer and journalist
Charles Silvester Horne, MP, Nonconformist author, hymn writer and preacher
Lincoln Hurst, biblical scholar and film historian
Sir Philip Jones, Royal Navy Officer, an Admiral, First Sea Lord - Head of the Royal Navy.
R. Tudur Jones, Welsh nationalist and theologian
Munira Mirza, former Head of the Policy Unit, 10 Downing Street
Michael Pollan, US author, journalist and activist
Stephen Pollard, British author and journalist
Cecil Pugh, GC, Royal Air Force chaplain and George Cross recipient
H. Wheeler Robinson, Principal of Regent's Park College, Oxford and Old Testament scholar
Erik Routley, composer and musicologist
Justin Rowlatt, TV journalist
Adam von Trott, member of the German resistance in World War II
Amos Wilder, US poet and theologian
Gallery
References
External links
Colleges of the University of Oxford
Educational institutions established in 1886
Former theological colleges in England
Buildings and structures of the University of Oxford
1886 establishments in England | [
-0.4660729467868805,
0.35586991906166077,
0.2435440868139267,
-0.8030146360397339,
0.0998530164361,
0.8917784690856934,
0.8500192761421204,
0.9596756100654602,
-0.6040936708450317,
-0.12371684610843658,
-0.7872806191444397,
-0.15511232614517212,
0.13865914940834045,
0.2435038983821869,
0.2461293339729309,
-0.16835542023181915,
0.7296739816665649,
0.2700533866882324,
0.08731480687856674,
-0.7564680576324463,
-0.06767755001783371,
0.08265740424394608,
-0.0627247616648674,
0.6146609783172607,
0.044534023851156235,
0.26351678371429443,
0.7034115791320801,
0.09357021749019623,
-0.1662546694278717,
-0.573112964630127,
0.199164018034935,
0.20117387175559998,
-0.13686881959438324,
-0.6490144729614258,
0.04889123514294624,
-0.37858638167381287,
0.19294145703315735,
-0.5161904096603394,
0.09178128838539124,
0.053291015326976776,
-0.0016609092708677053,
0.22033639252185822,
0.0897541418671608,
0.20512709021568298,
-0.12865065038204193,
-1.0115009546279907,
-1.4032636880874634,
0.13551844656467438,
-0.8577039241790771,
0.005634218454360962,
0.33108723163604736,
0.6308099031448364,
0.7350853085517883,
-0.11754103004932404,
0.17421972751617432,
0.3245653510093689,
-0.9554756283760071,
0.19283409416675568,
0.4601134955883026,
0.10895560681819916,
0.026770558208227158,
0.7255839705467224,
-0.0947263091802597,
0.8631477355957031,
-0.4145154654979706,
0.14755147695541382,
-0.10692384839057922,
0.21720729768276215,
-0.8222763538360596,
-0.23624923825263977,
-0.32769545912742615,
-0.4435804784297943,
-0.15765292942523956,
0.8086761236190796,
-0.5139029622077942,
-0.5710247755050659,
0.2669871151447296,
0.3547954261302948,
0.18208052217960358,
0.10728579014539719,
0.4671834409236908,
0.08864329010248184,
0.4976881742477417,
0.51469886302948,
0.9508263468742371,
0.5450966954231262,
-0.8321983218193054,
-0.09921098500490189,
-0.20138829946517944,
0.6696462631225586,
-0.3240191340446472,
0.3130175769329071,
-0.28459760546684265,
0.35769927501678467,
0.1628922075033188,
-0.300616979598999,
-0.27470239996910095,
0.04477434977889061,
0.2132452130317688,
-0.0827736184000969,
-0.2927819490432739,
0.3666819632053375,
0.3170086741447449,
-0.23674078285694122,
-0.3550621271133423,
-0.16707518696784973,
-0.8353978991508484,
-0.6409724950790405,
-0.2346663922071457,
0.10965722799301147,
-1.3482260704040527,
0.2416270524263382,
-0.49104493856430054,
-0.252215713262558,
-0.22486698627471924,
0.048906609416007996,
0.16062131524085999,
-0.5194719433784485,
-0.7950606942176819,
-0.16017945110797882,
-0.15136314928531647,
0.5368266701698303,
0.023458892479538918,
0.27953794598579407,
-0.10870335251092911,
0.3115205764770508,
0.22892802953720093,
0.2811189293861389,
-0.23670831322669983,
0.12005838751792908,
0.47238945960998535,
0.6202338337898254,
0.28079551458358765,
-0.2060980200767517,
0.15434585511684418,
-0.4127219319343567,
-0.06955794990062714,
0.1491265743970871,
0.6892070770263672,
0.19251036643981934,
-0.7074646353721619,
-0.14518055319786072,
-0.49528735876083374,
-0.2566744387149811,
0.7702614665031433,
-0.26765087246894836,
-0.6314448118209839,
0.10903424024581909,
-0.37492361664772034,
-0.4199088513851166,
0.6066741347312927,
0.4506600499153137,
-0.8396744728088379,
-0.4717554748058319,
-0.3085577189922333,
0.5365182757377625,
0.29510655999183655,
0.16208799183368683,
0.30274271965026855,
0.2079426646232605,
-0.19006165862083435,
-0.540420413017273,
0.14454251527786255,
-0.11672185361385345,
0.15159010887145996,
-0.14761216938495636,
0.5455487370491028,
-0.5880670547485352,
-0.25988271832466125,
0.11118004471063614,
-1.1130753755569458,
-0.09556416422128677,
0.9003024697303772,
-0.4912201464176178,
-0.027635952457785606,
-0.21296904981136322,
1.0370333194732666,
0.23704755306243896,
0.5565715432167053,
-0.45649540424346924,
-0.6185423731803894,
0.1876983344554901,
0.22421495616436005,
-0.3815234303474426,
0.08259302377700806,
0.032737553119659424,
-0.12671926617622375,
0.041334182024002075,
0.032688386738300323,
0.45522281527519226,
-0.7968641519546509,
-0.3042074143886566,
-0.017565257847309113,
0.010900280438363552,
1.2184622287750244,
0.06822264939546585,
-0.8404112458229065,
0.6341536045074463,
-0.6129860877990723,
0.5256381034851074,
0.0018627031240612268,
0.08986793458461761,
-0.4297596514225006,
-0.3893405497074127,
-0.6901467442512512,
-0.00050722761079669,
0.21453559398651123,
0.19244582951068878,
0.5245954990386963,
0.7693207263946533,
0.2298693209886551,
-0.7615005970001221,
0.1291498839855194,
0.2474726438522339,
0.2932037115097046,
-0.49040451645851135,
-0.32485231757164,
-0.5292676687240601,
0.4741751551628113,
-0.7729445695877075,
0.9358865022659302,
-0.1840299516916275,
0.7026139497756958,
0.24150492250919342,
-0.3286465108394623,
0.2046431601047516,
-0.16115643084049225,
0.652766764163971,
-0.09963855147361755,
-0.2731015980243683,
0.6068505644798279,
0.8074781894683838,
0.07180667668581009,
0.052367642521858215,
0.07067321985960007,
-0.710688591003418,
-0.37811151146888733,
-0.6415800452232361,
0.42637863755226135,
-0.19615353643894196,
-0.04981236532330513,
-0.3543972373008728,
-1.1321004629135132,
0.49230366945266724,
0.11431392282247543,
-0.11092892289161682,
-0.03718605265021324,
0.07608477771282196,
-0.47947436571121216,
-0.235062375664711,
0.12044151872396469,
-0.20773716270923615,
0.5611647367477417,
0.032981954514980316,
-0.013990012928843498,
-0.18012849986553192,
-0.16821880638599396,
0.8022064566612244,
0.180359348654747,
0.5291807651519775,
-0.552527666091919,
0.2745872735977173,
0.27076640725135803,
0.3409859836101532,
-0.6132888197898865,
0.05201905593276024,
-0.3907777667045593,
-0.7338125705718994,
0.0803476944565773,
-0.08402511477470398,
0.10223449766635895,
-0.557601273059845,
-0.14609913527965546,
-0.17453402280807495,
-0.5548141598701477,
0.026339218020439148,
0.2218715399503708,
0.29648643732070923,
-0.8785271048545837,
-0.26950016617774963,
0.16667242348194122,
0.44299352169036865,
-0.28754374384880066,
-0.5708425045013428,
-0.11154169589281082,
0.4539613127708435,
0.10629550367593765,
-0.011360417120158672,
-0.32820388674736023,
0.25283047556877136,
-0.25966891646385193,
0.5388623476028442,
0.07548371702432632,
0.322757750749588,
0.19127292931079865,
0.1724262684583664,
0.1912267506122589,
-0.021294156089425087,
0.11167965084314346,
-0.3244204819202423,
0.06026628613471985,
0.8310623168945312,
0.25446027517318726,
0.5293774604797363,
0.42534998059272766,
-0.6040084958076477,
-0.04030245915055275,
-0.07067400217056274,
-5.280256748199463,
-0.032406941056251526,
-0.49879685044288635,
0.1663922369480133,
1.2833925485610962,
-0.4380125105381012,
0.21194374561309814,
-0.6652390956878662,
-0.3477238416671753,
0.003532230854034424,
-0.5760834813117981,
-0.2579376697540283,
-0.05345433950424194,
0.17317532002925873,
0.4406997561454773,
0.7483065724372864,
0.6422735452651978,
0.09388261288404465,
0.015255508944392204,
0.40918153524398804,
0.03480392321944237,
0.2538052797317505,
0.062411949038505554,
0.4470897912979126,
0.01974892057478428,
0.9462580680847168,
0.1835044026374817,
0.015687599778175354,
-0.6590745449066162,
-0.7143025398254395,
0.16040703654289246,
-0.02614649198949337,
-0.012096590362489223,
-0.22815440595149994,
-0.7167650461196899,
0.04024038091301918,
0.24878181517124176,
0.28041398525238037,
0.2596685290336609,
0.11203546822071075,
0.5142101645469666,
0.2660278379917145,
0.4597999155521393,
0.011817454360425472,
0.5330644845962524,
-0.7361032366752625,
-0.6763439178466797,
-0.23828765749931335,
-0.39644402265548706,
0.27815932035446167,
-0.32961979508399963,
0.24875450134277344,
0.8970164060592651,
0.4434308111667633,
-0.3551194369792938,
-0.517406165599823,
0.12250733375549316,
0.10240232944488525,
0.20349302887916565,
0.055748630315065384,
0.5560100674629211,
-0.4680529236793518,
-0.36782562732696533,
-0.6711350083351135,
-0.7594302892684937,
-0.1606462001800537,
0.0748966634273529,
0.43063509464263916,
-0.137894406914711,
0.621801495552063,
-0.3026994466781616,
0.09181439131498337,
-0.07335054874420166,
-0.845077395439148,
-0.32707077264785767,
-0.44095468521118164,
-0.3590281009674072,
0.11102104932069778,
0.011007597669959068,
-0.30258122086524963,
-0.03279313072562218,
-0.24820192158222198,
-0.028845174238085747,
0.7974202036857605,
0.2968837320804596,
-0.8989131450653076,
-0.7266874313354492,
-0.11997717618942261,
-0.5700782537460327,
-0.42633453011512756,
-0.23194767534732819,
-0.3436008095741272,
-0.1292552947998047,
0.5976157188415527,
0.40567895770072937,
0.26039016246795654,
-0.02593301050364971,
0.18498855829238892,
-0.03846178203821182,
-0.012332404032349586,
0.11082581430673599,
-0.3679893910884857,
0.11491303145885468,
0.44833579659461975,
-0.16353844106197357,
-0.48833802342414856,
0.0481124222278595,
0.3603135943412781,
0.5920390486717224,
-0.01645289920270443,
0.42584025859832764,
-0.5866648554801941,
-0.724330723285675,
-0.0738808661699295,
-0.21747229993343353,
-0.08518380671739578,
-0.16437382996082306,
0.047112442553043365,
-0.5705015659332275,
0.14649739861488342,
-0.03728334605693817,
0.23784424364566803,
0.4011823534965515,
0.15539053082466125,
-0.42066264152526855,
-0.2518731653690338,
0.329327255487442,
-0.13907784223556519,
-0.29753628373146057,
-0.2882382273674011,
-0.15633243322372437,
-0.3116879165172577,
0.15922251343727112,
0.0064999619498848915,
-0.3033957779407501,
-0.4287421703338623,
-0.1776808351278305,
-0.1541099101305008,
-0.12845562398433685,
0.4224262535572052,
0.14257851243019104,
0.03458211198449135,
-0.12085357308387756,
-0.02320328913629055,
0.47949472069740295,
0.3796263039112091,
0.18720319867134094,
0.09254796802997589,
-0.8969355821609497,
0.43636971712112427,
-0.6563067436218262,
-0.6621688604354858,
0.5493223667144775,
0.11378157138824463,
0.022378496825695038,
-0.37765267491340637,
-0.6215053200721741,
0.5629094243049622,
-0.1367218941450119,
0.24389593303203583,
-0.2143784612417221,
-0.4517940878868103,
-0.5160296559333801,
-0.34431955218315125,
0.4340171217918396,
0.16803613305091858,
0.14066137373447418,
-0.7159218192100525,
-1.008826732635498,
0.6790871620178223,
0.07251843810081482,
-0.055606693029403687,
-0.5419740676879883,
0.0010906491661444306,
0.4729406535625458,
-0.3250623047351837,
0.15446555614471436,
-0.09628773480653763,
-0.12018482387065887,
-0.05725913122296333,
0.2653726041316986,
-0.5428864359855652,
0.07040359079837799,
0.2307899296283722,
0.9759072661399841,
-0.5376454591751099,
-0.7909454107284546,
-0.6601541042327881,
0.18687298893928528,
-0.9466252326965332,
0.03736049309372902,
-0.30077236890792847,
0.24478106200695038,
0.005133355967700481,
-0.17643089592456818,
-0.6629911661148071,
0.10899148881435394,
-0.6093844175338745,
-0.3881186544895172,
-0.06524353474378586,
0.1893327832221985,
0.655780553817749,
-0.6034029126167297,
0.879065215587616,
0.1660650670528412,
-0.7475079298019409,
0.517110288143158,
0.23263274133205414,
0.01388844009488821,
0.5847896933555603,
-0.0015709790168330073,
-0.7926813364028931,
0.6045073866844177,
0.29037928581237793,
-1.0682436227798462,
-0.3460370600223541,
0.18062269687652588,
-0.2745532989501953,
-0.42573535442352295,
0.04704950749874115,
-0.4333915412425995,
-0.5159636735916138,
-0.17868810892105103,
0.17716942727565765,
-0.9114294648170471,
0.34105175733566284,
0.5625688433647156,
-0.582524836063385,
0.6982104182243347,
-0.4849379360675812,
-0.01260583009570837,
-0.2673455774784088,
0.005302742123603821,
0.2145872414112091,
1.0013086795806885,
-0.33019664883613586,
0.11947087943553925,
0.14982987940311432,
-0.029814625158905983,
0.4610479474067688,
-0.014414477162063122,
1.0735663175582886,
0.1741514801979065,
-0.5043173432350159,
-0.159407839179039,
0.2888486087322235,
0.45450547337532043,
-0.06165865436196327,
-0.8054493069648743,
0.217818021774292,
0.7188678979873657,
-0.32116779685020447,
-0.5205644965171814,
-0.284084677696228,
-0.1296454668045044,
-0.4530315697193146,
-0.19805310666561127,
-0.05480792373418808,
0.04499572515487671,
0.23161134123802185,
0.3622407019138336,
0.3750317394733429,
-0.5442445874214172,
0.30290356278419495,
0.1475086361169815,
0.14928358793258667,
-0.3170769512653351,
-0.46156179904937744,
0.6641401052474976,
-0.4292214512825012,
-0.12264426797628403,
-0.21901635825634003,
-0.2836824059486389,
0.0734904408454895,
-0.03737797960639,
0.3762626647949219,
-0.5871832966804504,
-0.8622922897338867,
1.2683219909667969,
-0.19720979034900665,
-0.3136845827102661,
0.24462755024433136,
0.4056859314441681,
-0.39816468954086304,
0.6569738388061523,
-0.5473987460136414,
0.042286332696676254,
0.4865832030773163,
-0.14708898961544037,
0.9041456580162048,
-0.6673880219459534,
-0.49952825903892517,
0.1577061265707016,
0.03208428621292114,
-0.18361571431159973,
0.4260033369064331,
0.41054391860961914,
-0.0035777310840785503,
0.5159605145454407,
-0.556191623210907,
-0.791028618812561,
1.064302921295166,
0.4786556363105774,
-0.03007747419178486,
0.3514287769794464,
0.05281432718038559,
-0.5406644344329834,
-0.5422691106796265,
-0.3327174782752991,
-0.008223001845180988,
0.37297338247299194,
-0.21014443039894104,
0.8843851685523987,
0.6518574953079224,
-0.41456955671310425,
0.24274933338165283,
0.5140591859817505,
-0.6405378580093384,
-0.009676431305706501,
0.31693053245544434,
-0.6452502608299255,
0.6165984272956848,
0.14418888092041016,
0.38950401544570923,
-0.2874857187271118,
0.8529373407363892,
-0.6244245171546936,
-0.3896172344684601,
0.0793212428689003,
0.5369210243225098,
0.1060783714056015,
-0.19446751475334167,
-0.13399431109428406,
0.7810661792755127,
-0.4963539242744446,
-0.46758487820625305,
-0.0027608671225607395,
-1.217237114906311,
-0.2943941354751587,
0.3461725413799286,
0.6063322424888611,
0.7057585120201111,
-0.6246410012245178,
0.4402977228164673,
-0.6851218342781067,
0.20167134702205658,
0.5937175750732422,
0.2526456117630005,
-0.18412505090236664,
0.12275412678718567,
0.1679285615682602,
0.211617112159729,
0.35800328850746155,
-0.12843376398086548,
-0.2534545361995697,
0.5678895711898804,
0.2408994436264038,
-0.10317134857177734,
-0.6808422207832336,
0.03098062239587307,
0.035833679139614105,
0.926260769367218,
0.8205128908157349,
-0.1642911285161972,
0.055760275572538376,
-0.3864634931087494,
0.5953896641731262,
-0.11063188314437866,
0.006215272471308708,
0.29879525303840637,
-0.20638354122638702,
0.6563144326210022,
0.3463549017906189,
-0.7993674874305725,
0.1957450658082962,
-0.022269530221819878,
0.03271772339940071,
0.7724025845527649,
0.3816927671432495,
-0.19373798370361328,
0.07189986854791641,
-0.4964931309223175,
0.15483637154102325,
0.1834934651851654,
0.4301065504550934,
-0.5293914675712585,
-0.6861133575439453,
0.5881911516189575,
-0.4857177436351776,
0.08126143366098404,
0.20877011120319366,
-0.19115978479385376,
-0.08951868116855621,
0.31444770097732544,
-0.3540785610675812,
-0.3081483840942383,
-0.07064581662416458,
0.7739032506942749,
0.5719708204269409,
-0.10132160037755966,
0.1301112323999405,
0.07099541276693344,
-0.7161201238632202,
0.6184017658233643,
-0.2646579444408417,
0.4745042026042938,
-0.2762187421321869,
0.36184585094451904,
-0.852353036403656,
0.17503389716148376,
0.2277679294347763,
0.6774835586547852,
-0.18624715507030487,
0.305159330368042,
-0.07217741012573242,
0.7182760238647461,
0.3319200873374939,
0.11262145638465881,
-0.15286801755428314,
0.13342061638832092,
-0.10851622372865677,
0.0791468471288681,
0.018027491867542267,
0.300173819065094,
0.18654535710811615,
-0.10652153193950653,
-0.10681862384080887,
0.10180719941854477,
-0.5993788242340088,
0.4622530937194824,
0.337538480758667,
0.5281835198402405,
-0.4264335036277771,
0.32121288776397705,
0.09903701394796371,
0.8816658854484558,
0.4464777112007141,
1.1059167385101318,
0.32333993911743164,
-0.5507431030273438,
-0.9591376185417175,
-0.05166250467300415,
0.4018012285232544,
0.5004149675369263,
-0.19404849410057068,
-0.05669410154223442,
-0.4543580114841461,
-0.3344365954399109,
-0.46650364995002747,
0.4502778947353363,
0.49089449644088745,
-0.1312633752822876,
0.3046913146972656,
-0.4009968340396881,
-0.0395473949611187,
-0.5260145664215088,
-0.08814731240272522,
-0.278632253408432,
0.4842260181903839,
0.27739566564559937
]
|
128350 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brogden%2C%20North%20Carolina | Brogden, North Carolina | Brogden is a census-designated place (CDP) in Wayne County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 2,914 in 2007. It is included in the Goldsboro, North Carolina Metropolitan Statistical Area.
History
The community takes its name from the Brogden family, Quakers of English descent who settled in the area during the colonial period.
Shiloh Primitive Baptist Church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.
Geography
Brogden is located at (35.297594, -78.027817).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , of which, of it is land and of it (1.82%) is water.
Brogden's elevations are on average 175 feet above sea level. The area is underlain by unconsolidated beds of sand, clay and gravel. Most of these beds were deposited in seawater as the sea advanced and retreated during the geologic development of the Atlantic Coastal Plain. To a much lesser extent, streams deposited layers of sediment which mixed with that deposited on the sea floor.
The climate in Brogden is characterized by warm summers and moderate winters. The average temperature is about 62 degrees. Annual precipitation is about 50Β inches of rainfall per year, with the major portion occurring in the late spring and summer.
Brogden also is the name of a farming community in neighboring Johnston County where Hollywood actress Ava Gardner lived as a child.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,907 people, 1,030 households, and 784 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 1,346.1 people per square mile (519.6/km2). There were 1,157 housing units at an average density of 535.8 per square mile (206.8/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 36.29% White, 56.90% African American, 0.52% Native American, 0.34% Asian, 4.27% from other races, and 1.69% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.67% of the population.
There were 1,030 households, out of which 35.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.6% were married couples living together, 21.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.8% were non-families. 18.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.82 and the average family size was 3.17.
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 28.1% under the age of 18, 9.7% from 18 to 24, 28.8% from 25 to 44, 25.2% from 45 to 64, and 8.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.5 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $32,875, and the median income for a family was $35,804. Males had a median income of $25,545 versus $19,828 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $15,293. About 13.6% of families and 15.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 23.5% of those under age 18 and 29.4% of those age 65 or over.
Education
Education in Brogden is administered by the Wayne County Public School system with children attending schools in nearby townships. Higher education is offered through Wayne Community College in Goldsboro and Mount Olive College in Mount Olive.
Transportation
Passenger
Air: Brogden is served through nearby Kinston Regional Jetport with service to Orlando, Florida. Raleigh-Durham International Airport is the closest major airport with service to more than 45 domestic and international destinations. Goldsboro-Wayne Municipal Airport is an airport located nearby, but is only used for general aviation.
Interstate Highway: I-795 is the closest Interstate to Brogden, which is located 7 miles north in Goldsboro.
Brogden is not served directly by passenger trains. The closest Amtrak station is located in Selma.
Bus: The area is served by Greyhound with a location in nearby Goldsboro.
Roads
The main highway in Brogden is US 117.
Notes
Census-designated places in North Carolina
Census-designated places in Wayne County, North Carolina | [
-0.5417022109031677,
0.8189035654067993,
0.29591745138168335,
-0.5247069597244263,
0.6116752028465271,
-0.025904687121510506,
0.6141607165336609,
0.3982652425765991,
-0.6276410222053528,
-0.2014959752559662,
-0.61629718542099,
0.650254487991333,
-0.4213947355747223,
0.587302565574646,
-0.6890217661857605,
0.4749387204647064,
0.5580179691314697,
0.4617863595485687,
0.3510478138923645,
-0.6181316375732422,
-0.08143185079097748,
-0.5860099792480469,
0.15457864105701447,
0.5021289587020874,
0.16540735960006714,
0.1642240285873413,
0.22384750843048096,
-0.029285253956913948,
-0.15566757321357727,
0.2366439551115036,
0.02358238212764263,
0.6976933479309082,
-0.6412872076034546,
0.15490661561489105,
0.43676918745040894,
0.005802859552204609,
0.2806587517261505,
-0.19280463457107544,
-0.04977819323539734,
-0.33114057779312134,
-0.22142165899276733,
0.15310470759868622,
-0.14982657134532928,
0.2817073166370392,
0.13754327595233917,
-0.27049216628074646,
-1.097973108291626,
0.3531668186187744,
-0.7886093258857727,
-1.0038683414459229,
-0.9882712960243225,
0.3794350326061249,
-0.32745522260665894,
0.09050185978412628,
0.4430150091648102,
-0.25792697072029114,
-0.32164016366004944,
0.1101100817322731,
1.2893208265304565,
0.33081111311912537,
-0.11503896862268448,
0.5621122717857361,
0.2241651862859726,
0.0899432897567749,
0.01859937608242035,
-0.015591247007250786,
-0.5172148942947388,
0.48339220881462097,
-0.23865175247192383,
-0.09845425933599472,
-0.45685145258903503,
0.025601809844374657,
-0.08583326637744904,
0.06262777000665665,
0.004419186618179083,
0.7264561653137207,
-0.06382222473621368,
-0.26449018716812134,
0.3138718008995056,
0.19261424243450165,
0.45138993859291077,
-0.06094531714916229,
0.9593555331230164,
-0.15228602290153503,
0.38729533553123474,
0.9448012113571167,
-0.8278772830963135,
0.4996962249279022,
0.3046873211860657,
0.6441546678543091,
-0.27721238136291504,
-0.2539585828781128,
-0.20831839740276337,
0.07376937568187714,
-0.11352398246526718,
-0.2861841022968292,
0.09135603159666061,
0.18641841411590576,
-0.3751291334629059,
0.4361824691295624,
-0.19794628024101257,
0.6893258690834045,
1.0959868431091309,
-0.14578135311603546,
-0.3895510137081146,
-0.21846915781497955,
-0.7563712000846863,
0.14526255428791046,
0.1001913845539093,
-0.44625794887542725,
-0.6158198118209839,
0.21501439809799194,
-0.47130218148231506,
-0.6041615605354309,
-0.2674347758293152,
0.6002481579780579,
0.18059509992599487,
-0.12776988744735718,
0.08937573432922363,
0.0884850025177002,
0.5765889883041382,
1.0146971940994263,
-0.5319862961769104,
0.3548329770565033,
-0.10914371907711029,
0.2494388222694397,
-0.16390080749988556,
-0.035539235919713974,
0.26104024052619934,
0.790851891040802,
-0.8637534379959106,
0.44166386127471924,
0.12622912228107452,
0.2975708544254303,
-0.15026673674583435,
-0.12913842499256134,
0.17748264968395233,
0.2178334891796112,
0.6503985524177551,
0.2831389009952545,
-0.9512653946876526,
-0.5236262083053589,
-0.7456258535385132,
-0.0870843306183815,
0.360194593667984,
-0.31432420015335083,
-0.29531410336494446,
-0.2467907816171646,
0.4654538929462433,
0.5073500275611877,
0.32056981325149536,
0.054572172462940216,
0.3942627012729645,
0.31515970826148987,
-0.8880527019500732,
0.3344706594944,
0.49627652764320374,
0.08530434221029282,
0.664810299873352,
0.2251417189836502,
-0.10053122788667679,
0.6458479166030884,
0.6326784491539001,
0.2829354703426361,
0.8377627730369568,
0.22781428694725037,
0.9829773902893066,
-0.4962610900402069,
0.38912975788116455,
0.21763184666633606,
-0.7190698981285095,
0.15550632774829865,
0.7052642703056335,
-0.5540450811386108,
0.32649242877960205,
-0.211634561419487,
0.8777973651885986,
0.1761171519756317,
0.004821362439543009,
-0.39246198534965515,
-0.8699831366539001,
-0.15526412427425385,
0.8238741159439087,
-0.05499031022191048,
-0.2150941789150238,
0.23162102699279785,
0.3307405710220337,
-0.4616369903087616,
-0.5941564440727234,
0.09236437827348709,
-0.12652981281280518,
-0.6513177156448364,
0.8621203899383545,
-0.03805101290345192,
0.9281678795814514,
0.28446924686431885,
-0.010729260742664337,
0.3342435956001282,
-0.4431874752044678,
0.30354392528533936,
-0.016985472291707993,
-0.7294301986694336,
0.13085034489631653,
-0.019866343587636948,
-0.25527966022491455,
0.6717942357063293,
0.0932171493768692,
0.22651353478431702,
-0.0009113255073316395,
0.07035629451274872,
0.3680365979671478,
-0.6420758962631226,
0.1196293830871582,
0.6494800448417664,
-0.057924967259168625,
-0.47348541021347046,
-0.08363219350576401,
-0.19841217994689941,
0.5942237973213196,
-0.5332245230674744,
0.3143240213394165,
-0.19458435475826263,
0.04958408325910568,
-0.38948872685432434,
-0.20544855296611786,
0.4796163737773895,
0.11616548150777817,
0.07241053879261017,
-0.20370514690876007,
-0.17245955765247345,
0.5203655958175659,
0.07136277109384537,
-0.31603115797042847,
-0.6007471084594727,
0.017889197915792465,
-0.12338786572217941,
-0.5093858242034912,
-0.5059957504272461,
0.6217848658561707,
-0.8572579026222229,
-0.22944539785385132,
0.17528951168060303,
-0.6907492280006409,
0.5303213596343994,
0.17974422872066498,
0.10273634642362595,
0.3476562798023224,
0.1778699904680252,
0.044911835342645645,
-0.3033926784992218,
0.014994055032730103,
0.017349345609545708,
0.5320478081703186,
-0.06210232898592949,
0.23432211577892303,
0.016042435541749,
-0.08125714957714081,
0.4367325007915497,
-0.021785544231534004,
0.08815860003232956,
0.05775656923651695,
0.2728574872016907,
-0.6805076599121094,
0.4015268385410309,
-0.1746232807636261,
-0.6420337557792664,
-0.5405832529067993,
-0.32499948143959045,
-0.18200808763504028,
-0.05743257328867912,
0.22890476882457733,
-0.767496645450592,
0.0527539923787117,
-0.03728989511728287,
0.738323450088501,
0.3098851442337036,
-0.13557538390159607,
-0.29498091340065,
-0.8322025537490845,
0.18630757927894592,
0.08050177246332169,
1.2448798418045044,
-0.013749965466558933,
-0.3671157658100128,
-0.12147942185401917,
-0.6909194588661194,
1.1125013828277588,
-0.2757779061794281,
-0.16096223890781403,
-0.22316572070121765,
-0.0451250895857811,
-0.03143961355090141,
0.2553236484527588,
1.6479634046554565,
-0.5593131184577942,
0.11977920681238174,
0.09336002171039581,
0.06923440098762512,
-0.007800254039466381,
0.024864040315151215,
-0.596631646156311,
0.3373112976551056,
-0.7016688585281372,
0.017709746956825256,
-0.0061976611614227295,
-0.520527184009552,
0.16764137148857117,
-0.08871365338563919,
-4.809928894042969,
0.5913556218147278,
-0.26851287484169006,
-0.6224480271339417,
0.305958092212677,
-0.07390549778938293,
0.3321110010147095,
-0.3919205069541931,
-0.15239593386650085,
0.9051018357276917,
-0.058076586574316025,
-0.5766938924789429,
-0.07899932563304901,
0.4360085725784302,
0.6261584758758545,
0.339747816324234,
0.6450021862983704,
-0.20236778259277344,
0.2820136547088623,
0.043699201196432114,
-0.29819124937057495,
-0.07907292991876602,
-0.08263709396123886,
-0.36773818731307983,
0.5370259881019592,
0.73760986328125,
0.2386818826198578,
-0.3249555230140686,
-0.32128480076789856,
0.21935822069644928,
0.6545365452766418,
0.1531127542257309,
-0.09872334450483322,
-0.36400026082992554,
0.09019356220960617,
-0.2900131642818451,
0.05803338810801506,
-0.06765057146549225,
0.044029541313648224,
-0.32990479469299316,
0.32866373658180237,
0.5700104236602783,
-1.1409896612167358,
-0.40919941663742065,
0.9191059470176697,
-0.1335137039422989,
-0.21247947216033936,
-0.031427737325429916,
0.03626636788249016,
0.8068383932113647,
0.2619037330150604,
-0.1765197515487671,
0.7049320340156555,
0.07955045998096466,
0.516768753528595,
-0.13897182047367096,
0.7751129269599915,
-0.20506620407104492,
-0.44601699709892273,
0.48252376914024353,
0.3511677384376526,
-0.43222564458847046,
0.011276290751993656,
-0.09210728853940964,
0.5084772109985352,
-0.626072108745575,
0.1950943022966385,
0.2666168510913849,
0.39066359400749207,
-0.23558063805103302,
0.3572668731212616,
0.881277859210968,
0.12316837906837463,
-0.5286341905593872,
0.13935819268226624,
-0.4892018735408783,
-0.38103625178337097,
0.056766290217638016,
-0.150091752409935,
-0.3325352072715759,
-0.11308172345161438,
0.021359611302614212,
0.30064427852630615,
0.6436751484870911,
0.025426551699638367,
-0.31539326906204224,
0.04296097904443741,
0.1490813046693802,
-0.13779301941394806,
-0.6186774969100952,
0.7592822313308716,
0.14449065923690796,
0.09332002699375153,
-0.1582714468240738,
-0.318624347448349,
0.4523364007472992,
0.3542465567588806,
0.09691336750984192,
0.33913466334342957,
-0.6372796297073364,
0.7420995831489563,
-0.46119260787963867,
-0.2016315907239914,
-0.3939354419708252,
-0.20149055123329163,
-0.26188692450523376,
0.2544286549091339,
0.16507945954799652,
0.6661962270736694,
-0.6822701692581177,
-0.5941339135169983,
0.30710577964782715,
-0.3032262623310089,
-0.04093630611896515,
0.7446091771125793,
-0.45888397097587585,
-0.1899460256099701,
0.8693685531616211,
0.7000612616539001,
-0.09501154720783234,
0.11003436893224716,
0.19271796941757202,
0.2075963169336319,
0.0796322375535965,
-0.2575894892215729,
-0.2900131940841675,
0.7877264618873596,
-0.18963007628917694,
-1.226365327835083,
0.4144415855407715,
-0.14108675718307495,
-0.375871866941452,
-0.6828110218048096,
-0.3480662703514099,
-0.6454983353614807,
-0.2986588180065155,
-0.6486302614212036,
-0.6793088316917419,
-0.050339046865701675,
0.5072270631790161,
0.314855694770813,
-0.0323377288877964,
-0.374936044216156,
0.3098364472389221,
-0.5179222226142883,
0.06620693951845169,
0.28838497400283813,
0.5552790760993958,
-1.2798643112182617,
0.23969705402851105,
0.014293397776782513,
-0.5541512370109558,
-0.3241634964942932,
-0.84865403175354,
0.38345471024513245,
0.018650755286216736,
0.32137638330459595,
0.4881150722503662,
0.5142595171928406,
-0.35425519943237305,
0.06997938454151154,
0.21783095598220825,
-0.853631854057312,
0.4015740752220154,
0.025453276932239532,
-0.3989523947238922,
-0.8918696641921997,
-0.09556867927312851,
-0.6304455995559692,
0.055299628525972366,
0.5309371948242188,
-0.6540332436561584,
-0.7087516188621521,
-0.4191373586654663,
0.22016313672065735,
-0.020282121375203133,
-0.31855618953704834,
0.06035055220127106,
0.15757644176483154,
-0.30659160017967224,
-0.211736261844635,
0.022338178008794785,
-0.6338047981262207,
0.16731607913970947,
0.309468150138855,
-0.49213534593582153,
-0.3243192434310913,
-0.39763644337654114,
-0.06383053958415985,
0.009915659204125404,
0.23079928755760193,
-0.5825587511062622,
0.2512637674808502,
-0.027049647644162178,
0.0565134696662426,
-0.7510396242141724,
0.1745188683271408,
-0.4051280915737152,
-0.5013812184333801,
-0.7803295254707336,
-0.07662404328584671,
0.3467082381248474,
-0.5147597789764404,
0.27552857995033264,
-0.09935770183801651,
-1.15143883228302,
0.6944424510002136,
0.9504947066307068,
-1.1067595481872559,
1.4409105777740479,
-0.12122984230518341,
-0.9434462785720825,
0.439848393201828,
0.2785724401473999,
-0.2053079456090927,
-0.17890992760658264,
0.18539556860923767,
-0.49157774448394775,
-0.5087427496910095,
0.006285452749580145,
-0.609178900718689,
-0.1597716212272644,
0.11992838978767395,
-0.4892171323299408,
-0.7808240652084351,
0.46029233932495117,
0.18959885835647583,
-0.26067134737968445,
1.360405445098877,
-0.8703569173812866,
-0.17993687093257904,
0.1285291612148285,
0.3586399257183075,
0.28986603021621704,
0.09416463971138,
0.10133090615272522,
-0.6870806813240051,
-0.37183013558387756,
0.5534396767616272,
-0.0682554766535759,
0.4506586492061615,
0.7225536108016968,
-0.0330657958984375,
-0.3681633770465851,
-0.3812099099159241,
-0.39048898220062256,
0.7750941514968872,
-0.05362921953201294,
-0.9332104325294495,
0.43208879232406616,
0.8735581040382385,
-0.2751874625682831,
-0.8841641545295715,
-0.09697610139846802,
1.1980873346328735,
-0.42001262307167053,
0.10744724422693253,
0.7873385548591614,
0.11027742922306061,
-0.08784731477499008,
0.07598106563091278,
0.196895033121109,
0.05191490054130554,
0.23425233364105225,
0.6051901578903198,
-0.39606475830078125,
-0.05066516622900963,
-0.37596675753593445,
0.21110239624977112,
-0.10645703226327896,
-0.6406785845756531,
-0.3859182596206665,
0.8976169228553772,
0.41835856437683105,
-0.7506395578384399,
-0.10341187566518784,
0.019897455349564552,
-0.9148643612861633,
0.06540632247924805,
0.24253898859024048,
-0.589436411857605,
-0.28725945949554443,
-0.2466229945421219,
-0.46649304032325745,
0.47992226481437683,
-1.1526247262954712,
0.1675284206867218,
-0.3610224425792694,
-0.6250541806221008,
0.28062018752098083,
0.013191735371947289,
0.1734703779220581,
-0.6254988312721252,
-0.8841888308525085,
-0.07695135474205017,
0.38412877917289734,
0.051217690110206604,
0.2564455270767212,
-0.18568912148475647,
0.4598584771156311,
-1.3092854022979736,
0.9609066247940063,
-0.5737502574920654,
-0.7866084575653076,
0.7617154121398926,
-0.31168362498283386,
-0.35956868529319763,
-0.2541417181491852,
0.1494607776403427,
0.12613843381404877,
-0.3748409152030945,
0.036233946681022644,
0.13397493958473206,
1.3830554485321045,
-0.4323383569717407,
0.2010379433631897,
0.6409971714019775,
-0.6055696606636047,
0.07887639850378036,
0.24355439841747284,
-0.2292371392250061,
0.4388407766819,
0.9028394222259521,
0.7759847640991211,
-0.06638617813587189,
1.5333516597747803,
-0.3675338923931122,
0.45697033405303955,
-0.3255334496498108,
0.22295859456062317,
-0.21438956260681152,
-0.5663825869560242,
-0.688892126083374,
0.32123908400535583,
-0.6079097986221313,
-0.5957053303718567,
-0.16595913469791412,
-0.6070113778114319,
-0.8612154126167297,
0.6407752633094788,
-0.32570692896842957,
0.491168349981308,
0.3287346661090851,
-0.1954619139432907,
-0.29950830340385437,
-0.3006674349308014,
-0.023797960951924324,
0.6253515481948853,
0.2373260259628296,
-0.4922751486301422,
-0.19378194212913513,
-0.21584847569465637,
-0.05709478631615639,
-0.8674150705337524,
-0.7338442206382751,
0.1185712143778801,
0.26760217547416687,
-0.38340386748313904,
-1.0423457622528076,
-0.23171840608119965,
-0.09880892187356949,
-0.2794887125492096,
0.8579022884368896,
0.18682299554347992,
0.21867962181568146,
-0.3847329914569855,
0.7336586713790894,
0.17543134093284607,
-0.15942171216011047,
0.826058030128479,
0.6817348599433899,
0.13530293107032776,
0.4438350796699524,
0.025123324245214462,
-0.1190832331776619,
0.41938915848731995,
0.1493954211473465,
0.5703670382499695,
-0.15673722326755524,
0.060503039509058,
-0.45603615045547485,
0.12893584370613098,
-0.5247333645820618,
-0.6150811314582825,
0.5066329836845398,
-0.33382466435432434,
-0.7662239074707031,
0.21236871182918549,
0.33657726645469666,
-0.19955289363861084,
-0.028514603152871132,
-0.2888334393501282,
-0.8842621445655823,
0.2720803916454315,
-0.18255463242530823,
-0.4072222411632538,
0.5962828993797302,
0.23604758083820343,
0.42828884720802307,
0.4251817464828491,
0.5429877042770386,
0.2842015027999878,
-0.33408087491989136,
-0.25926196575164795,
0.11614880710840225,
0.42258402705192566,
-0.49440476298332214,
0.9616212844848633,
-0.84064120054245,
0.8493406772613525,
0.08751963824033737,
0.7627257108688354,
-0.07226617634296417,
0.8935716152191162,
-0.2975844442844391,
-0.2836487591266632,
0.5353792905807495,
-0.1516454815864563,
-0.5390380620956421,
-0.5022397637367249,
-0.016842303797602654,
-0.15097610652446747,
0.18661713600158691,
0.6236369013786316,
0.18775124847888947,
-0.5575006008148193,
-0.22364367544651031,
-0.36863499879837036,
-0.7184978723526001,
0.1558515429496765,
0.08801865577697754,
-1.3685308694839478,
-0.15691958367824554,
-0.5915876030921936,
-0.34596750140190125,
-0.3800247013568878,
-0.11141855269670486,
1.2644336223602295,
0.41679099202156067,
-0.5613927841186523,
0.16413702070713043,
-0.2692137658596039,
0.18182654678821564,
0.4066879451274872,
-0.04947933554649353,
0.34265291690826416,
-0.9798620939254761,
-0.641541600227356,
-0.3180873394012451,
0.3981742858886719,
0.0062936763279139996,
-0.9706296324729919,
0.15311188995838165,
-0.23541580140590668,
0.3247126042842865,
-0.1325661689043045,
-0.22903890907764435,
-0.23596975207328796,
0.7526471614837646,
0.4937981069087982
]
|
128351 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merton%20College%2C%20Oxford | Merton College, Oxford | Merton College (in full: The House or College of Scholars of Merton in the University of Oxford) is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England. Its foundation can be traced back to the 1260s when Walter de Merton, chancellor to Henry III and later to Edward I, first drew up statutes for an independent academic community and established endowments to support it. An important feature of Walter's foundation was that this "college" was to be self-governing and the endowments were directly vested in the Warden and Fellows.
By 1274, when Walter retired from royal service and made his final revisions to the college statutes, the community was consolidated at its present site in the south east corner of the city of Oxford, and a rapid programme of building commenced. The hall and the chapel and the rest of the front quad were complete before the end of the 13th century. Mob Quad, one of Merton's quadrangles, was constructed between 1288 and 1378, and is claimed to be the oldest quadrangle in Oxford, while Merton College Library, located in Mob Quad and dating from 1373, is the oldest continuously functioning library for university academics and students in the world.
Like many of Oxford's colleges, Merton admitted its first mixed-sex cohort in 1979, after over seven centuries as an institution for men only. Merton's current warden, Irene Tracey, was appointed in 2019 and is Merton's second female warden.
Notable alumni and academics past and present include four Nobel laureates and writer J.Β R.Β R. Tolkien, who was Merton Professor of English Language and Literature from 1945 to 1959. Merton is one of the wealthiest colleges in Oxford and held funds totalling Β£298 million as of July 2020. Merton has a strong reputation for academic success, having regularly ranked first in the Norrington Table in recent years.
History
Foundation and origins
Merton College was founded in 1264 by Walter de Merton, Lord Chancellor and Bishop of Rochester. It has a claim to be the oldest college in Oxford, a claim which is disputed between Merton College, Balliol College and University College. One argument for Merton's claim is that it was the first college to be provided with statutes, a constitution governing the college set out at its founding. Merton's statutes date back to 1264, whereas neither Balliol nor University College had statutes until the 1280s.
Merton has an unbroken line of wardens dating back to 1264. Of these, many had great influence over the development of the college. Henry Savile was one notable leader who led the college to flourish in the early 17th century by extending its buildings and recruiting new fellows.
In 1333, masters from Merton were among those who left Oxford in an attempt to found a new university at Stamford. The leader of the rebels was reported to be one William de Barnby, a Yorkshireman who had been fellow and bursar of Merton College.
St Alban Hall
St Alban Hall was an independent academic hall owned by the convent of Littlemore until it was purchased by Merton College in 1548 following the dissolution of the convent. It continued as a separate institution until it was finally annexed by the college in 1881, on the resignation of its last Principal, William Charles Salter.
Parliamentarian sympathies in the Civil War
During the English Civil War, Merton was the only Oxford college to side with Parliament. This was due to an earlier dispute between the Warden, Nathaniel Brent, and the Visitor of Merton and Archbishop of Canterbury, William Laud. Brent had been Vicar-General to Laud, who had held a visitation of Merton College in 1638, and insisted on many radical reforms: his letters to Brent were couched in haughty and decisive language.
Brent, a parliamentarian, moved to London at the start of the Civil War: the college's buildings were commandeered by the Royalists and used to house much of Charles I's court when Oxford was the Royalists' capital. This included the King's French wife, Queen Henrietta Maria, who was housed in or near what is now the Queen's Room, the room above the arch between Front and Fellows' Quads. A portrait of Charles I hangs near the Queen's Room as a reminder of the role it played in his court.
Brent gave evidence against Laud in his trial in 1644. After Laud was executed on 10 January 1645, John Greaves, one of the subwardens of Merton and Savilian Professor of Astronomy, drew up a petition for Brent's removal from office; Brent was deposed by Charles I on 27 January 1646 and replaced by William Harvey.
Thomas Fairfax captured Oxford for the Parliamentarians after its third siege in 1646 and Brent returned from London. However, in 1647, a parliamentary commission (visitation) was set up by Parliament "for the correction of offences, abuses, and disorders" in the University of Oxford. Nathaniel Brent was the president of the visitors. Greaves was accused of sequestrating the college's plate and funds for king Charles. Despite a deposition from his brother Thomas, Greaves had lost both his Merton fellowship and his Savilian chair by 9 November 1648.
Buildings and grounds
The "House of Scholars of Merton" originally had properties in Surrey (in present-day Old Malden) as well as in Oxford, but it was not until the mid-1260s that Walter de Merton acquired the core of the present site in Oxford, along the south side of what was then St John's Street (now Merton Street). The college was consolidated on this site by 1274, when Walter made his final revisions to the college statutes.
The initial acquisition included the parish church of St John (which was superseded by the chapel) and three houses to the east of the church which now form the north range of Front Quad. Walter also obtained permission from the king to extend from these properties south to the old city wall to form an approximately square site. The college continued to acquire other properties as they became available on both sides of Merton Street. At one time, the college owned all the land from the site that is now Christ Church to the south-eastern corner of the city. The land to the east eventually became the current Fellows' garden, while the western end was leased by Warden Richard Rawlins in 1515 for the foundation of Corpus Christi (at an annual rent of just over Β£4).
Chapel
By the late 1280s the old church of St John the Baptist had fallen into "a ruinous condition", and the college accounts show that work on a new church began in about 1290. The present choir, with its enormous east window, was complete by 1294. The window is an important example (because it is so well dated) of how the strict geometrical conventions of the Early English Period of architecture were beginning to be relaxed at the end of the 13th century. The south transept was built in the 14th century, the north transept in the early years of the 15th. The great tower was complete by 1450. The chapel replaced the parish church of St. John and continued to serve as the parish church as well as the chapel until 1891. It is for this reason that it is generally referred to as Merton Church in older documents, and that there is a north door into the street as well as doors into the college. This dual role also probably explains the enormous scale of the chapel, which in its original design was to have a nave and two aisles extending to the west.
A new choral foundation was established in 2007, providing for a choir of sixteen undergraduate and graduate choral scholars singing from October 2008. The choir was formerly directed by Peter Phillips, director of the Tallis Scholars, and is now directed by Benjamin Nicholas, a former director of music at Tewkesbury Abbey. In 2013, the installation of a new organ, designed and built by Dobson Pipe Organ Builders, was completed. The chapel is famous for its acoustics.
A spire from the chapel has resided in Pavilion Garden VI of the University of Virginia since 1928, when "it was given to the University to honor Jefferson's educational ideals."
Front quad and the hall
The hall is the oldest surviving college building, but apart from the door which has medieval ironwork almost no trace of the ancient structure has survived the successive reconstruction efforts, first by James Wyatt in the 1790s and then again by Gilbert Scott in 1874. The hall is still used daily for meals and houses a number of portraits. It is not usually open to visitors.
Front quad itself is probably the earliest collegiate quadrangle, but its informal, almost haphazard, pattern cannot be said to have influenced designers elsewhere. A reminder of its original domestic nature can be seen in the north east corner where one of the flagstones is marked "Well". The quad is formed of what would have been the back gardens of the three original houses that Walter acquired in the 1260s.
Mob Quad and library
Visitors to Merton are often told Mob Quad, built in the 14th century, is the oldest quadrangle of any Oxford or Cambridge college and set the pattern for future collegiate architecture, but Front Quad was enclosed earlier (albeit with a less unified design) and other colleges, for example Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, can point to their own older examples.
Fellows' Quad
The grandest quadrangle in Merton is the Fellows' Quadrangle, immediately south of the hall. The quad was the culmination of the work undertaken by Sir Henry Savile at the beginning of the 17th century. The foundation stone was laid shortly after breakfast on 13 September 1608 (as recorded in the college Register), and work was complete by September 1610 (although the battlements were added later). The southern gateway is surmounted by a tower of the four Orders, probably inspired by Italian examples that Warden Savile would have seen on his European travels. The main contractors were from Yorkshire (as was Savile); John Ackroyd and John Bentley of Halifax supervised the stonework, and Thomas Holt the timber. This group were also later employed to work on the Bodleian Library and Wadham College.
Other buildings
Most of the other buildings are Victorian or later and include: St. Alban's Quad (or "Stubbins"), designed by Basil Champneys, built on the site of the medieval St Alban Hall (elements of the older façade are incorporated into the part that faces onto Merton Street); the Grove building, built in 1864 by William Butterfield but "chastened" in the 1930s by T.H. Hughes; the buildings beyond the Fellows' Garden called "Rose Lane"; several buildings north of Merton Street, including a real tennis court, and the Old Warden's Lodgings (designed by Champneys in 1903); and a new quadrangle in Holywell Street, some distance away from the college.
TS Eliot lecture theatre
TS Eliot Lecture Theatre is a new lecture theatre named after T. S. Eliot, a former member of the college, opened in 2010. It has a bust of the writer by Jacob Epstein, presented by Frank Brenchley, a former member and Fellow of the college. Brenchley presented his collection of Eliot first editions and ephemera to the college, which is believed to be the second largest collection of such material worldwide. The foyer is illuminated by a lighting display representing three constellations that were visible on the night of 14 September 1264, the day the college was founded.
Gardens
The garden fills the southeastern corner of the old walled city of Oxford. The walls may be seen from Christ Church Meadows and Merton Field (now used by Magdalen College School, Oxford as a playing field for cricket, rugby, and football). The gardens are notable for a mulberry tree planted in the early 17th century, an armillary sundial, an extensive lawn, a Herma statue, and the old Fellows' Summer House (now used as a music room and rehearsal space).
Gallery
Student life
Merton admits both undergraduate and graduate students. It admitted its first female students in 1980 and was the second former male college to elect a female head of house (in 1994). Merton has traditionally had single-sex accommodation for first-year undergraduates, with female students going into the Rose Lane buildings and most male students going into three houses on Merton Street. This policy was abandoned in 2007, with all accommodation now mixed by gender and course.
Undergraduate admission to the college, like other Oxford colleges, is based solely on academic potential. In 2010, it was (incorrectly) reported that Merton had not admitted a black student in the previous five years. A university spokeswoman commented that black students were more likely to apply for particularly oversubscribed subjects. The university also reported that Merton had admitted at least one black undergraduate since 2005.
Reputation
Since the introduction of an official Norrington Table published by the university in 2004, Merton occupied one of the top three positions every year (often coming in 1st), until 2012 when it dropped to 14th. In 2014, it regained the first position, preserving its status as one of the most academically successful colleges of the last twenty years.
Traditions
At the 'Time Ceremony', students dressed in formal academic dress walk backwards around the Fellows' Quad drinking port. Traditionally participants also held candles, but this practice has been abandoned in recent years. Many students have now adopted the habit of linking arms and twirling around at each corner of the quad. The alleged purpose of this tradition is to maintain the integrity of the spaceβtime continuum during the transition from British Summer Time to Greenwich Mean Time, which occurs in the early hours of the last Sunday in October. However, the ceremony (invented by two undergraduates in 1971) mostly serves as a spoof of other Oxford ceremonies, and historically as a celebration of the end of the experimental period of British Standard Time from 1968 to 1971 when the UK stayed one hour ahead of GMT all year round. There are three toasts associated with the ceremony. The first is "to a good old time!"; the second, a joint toast to the sundial and the nearby mulberry tree (morus nigra), "o tempora, o more"; and the third, "long live the counter-revolution!".
Merton is the only college in Oxford to hold a triennial winter ball, instead of the more common Commemoration ball. The most recent of these was held on 30 November 2019.
Societies
Merton has a number of drinking and dining societies, along the lines of other colleges. These include the all-male Myrmidons, the female-equivalent Myrmaids and L'Ancien RΓ©gime.
Merton is host to a number of subject-specific societies, the most notable being the Halsbury Society (Law) and the Chalcenterics (Classics). Other academic societies include the Neave Society, which aims to discuss and debate political issues, and the Bodley Club, founded in 1894 as a forum for undergraduate papers on literature but now a speaker society.
The Bodley Club
The Bodley Club is a speaker society at Merton College, Oxford. Founded in 1894 as a forum in which undergraduates delivered academic papers on literature, the Club has changed form over the years, and was reformed in the 1980s as a speaker society. All members of the College, and usually members of the university as a whole, are invited to their events.
The Club began on 19 May 1894 (though it was not christened 'The Bodley Club' until June). The initial constitution contained a rule (Rule 7) which stated that 'a written paper is preferred, but any member may speak on any literary subject instead or may propose that any literary work be read at the meeting.' It was not long before this provision was required, as the minute-book reveals in its entry for 19 October 1894: 'Owing to unpardonable slackness on the part of members, the four months of vacation proved insufficient to collect coherent ideas on any particular subject...However an agreeable and instructive evening was passed in reading Tennyson's 'Maud'.' From early years the Club has maintained a troubled existence, and the Secretary noted on 1 November 1900 a motion of censure 'against a person or persons unknown who were responsible for the undoubted blackness which is creeping over the Bodley Club.' Nevertheless, the Club has continued in one form or another to the present day.
Among the notable papers delivered to the Bodley Club are those by Frederic Harrison, Harold Henry Joachim, Henry Hamilton Fyfe (brother of the Secretary, William), Northrop Frye, Sir Alister Clavering Hardy, and Ronald Knox. Several of the Club's first members went on to become significant figures, including Herbert George Flaxman Spurrell and William Hamilton Fyfe.
Sports
Merton has a long-standing sporting relationship with Mansfield College, with the colleges fielding amalgamated sports teams for many major sports. In rowing, Merton College Boat Club has been Head of the River in Summer Eights once; its men's 1st VIII held the headship in 1951. Merton's women have done better in recent years, gaining the headship in Torpids in 2003 and rowing over to defend the title in 2004.
Grace
The college preprandial grace is amongst the longest in Oxford, and is always recited before formal dinners in Hall, usually by the senior postmaster present. The first two lines of the Latin text are based on verses 15 and 16 of Psalm 145.
Roughly translated it means:The eyes of the world look up to thee, O Lord. Thou givest them food in due season.
Thou openest thy hand and fillest every creature with thy blessing.
Bless us, O God, with all the gifts which by thy good works we are about to receive.
Through Jesus Christ, Our Lord, Amen.
For the relevant verses of the Psalm, the Authorized Version has:
15. The eyes of all wait upon thee; and thou givest them their meat in due season.
16. Thou openst thine hand, and satisfiest the desire of every living thing.
In contrast, Merton's post-prandial grace is brief: Benedictus benedicat ("Let him who has been blessed, give blessing"). The latter grace is spoken by the senior Fellow present at the end of dinner on High Table.
At the University of Cambridge, a slightly different version of the Latin text of these verses is painted around Old Hall in Queens' College, Cambridge, and is "commonly in use at other Cambridge colleges".
People associated with Merton
Merton alumni (Mertonians) and fellows have pursued careers in a variety of disciplines.
1264 to 1900
Among the earliest people that have been claimed as Merton fellows are William of Ockham and Duns Scotus, outstanding academic figures from the early 14th century (however, these claims are disputed). Other early fellows include the Oxford Calculators, a group of 14th-century thinkers associated with Merton who took a logico-mathematical approach to philosophical problems. Theologian and philosopher John Wycliffe was another early fellow of the college.
Founder of the Bodleian Library, Thomas Bodley, was admitted as fellow in 1564. Another significant figure, Henry Savile, was appointed Warden some years later in 1585 (held the position until 1621) and had great influence of the development of the college. William Harvey, who was the first to describe in detail the systemic circulation, was warden from 1645 to 1646. Lord Randolph Churchill, Chancellor of the Exchequer and Leader of the House of Commons (and father of Winston Churchill), matriculated in October 1867, while Max Beerbohm, an English essayist, parodist, and caricaturist studied at Merton in the 1890s and was Secretary of the Myrmidon Club.
1900 to today
Merton has also produced notable alumni in more recent times. In science, Merton is associated with three Nobel prize winners: chemist Frederick Soddy (1921), zoologist Nikolaas Tinbergen (1973) and physicist Sir Anthony Leggett (2003). Other Mertonians in science include Canadian neurosurgeon Wilder Penfield, mathematician Sir Andrew Wiles who proved Fermat's Last Theorem, computer scientist Tony Hoare, chemist Sir George Radda, economist Catherine Tucker, geneticist Alec Jeffreys and cryptographer Artur Ekert.
Notable Mertonians within the field of literature include poet T. S. Eliot, who won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1948, and author J. R. R. Tolkien who was Merton Professor of English Language and Literature and Fellow of Merton from 1945 to 1959.
Former students with careers as politicians include British politicians Reginald Maudling, Airey Neave, Jesse Norman, Ed Vaizey, Denis MacShane, Elizabeth Truss and Sir Peter Tapsell, while international alumni include Bob Krueger, former U.S. Senator from Texas, and Arthur Mutambara, former Deputy Prime Minister of Zimbabwe.
In business, former Director-General of the BBC and current CEO of the New York Times Company Mark Thompson, CEO of Stonewall Ben Summerskill and former CEO of Sony Sir Howard Stringer are alumni. In law, Henry Litton served as one of the first Permanent Judges of the Court of Final Appeal of Hong Kong (Hong Kong's court of last resort), while Brian Leveson is currently both President of the Queen's Bench Division and Head of Criminal Justice.
Other alumni include the composer Lennox Berkeley, actor and singer-songwriter Kris Kristofferson, mountaineer Andrew Irvine, RAF pilot Leonard Cheshire, former athlete Roger Bannister, journalist Tanya Gold and Naruhito, Emperor of Japan.
The current Warden of the college is Irene Tracey, who was elected in succession to Sir Martin J. Taylor, former Professor of pure mathematics at the University of Manchester on his retirement in 2018.
Women at Merton
Just like the other ancient colleges of Oxford, Merton was originally an all-male college. It admitted its first female students in 1980 and became the second former all-male college to elect a female head of house when Jessica Rawson was appointed as Warden in 1994. Professor Irene Tracey was appointed as Merton's second female warden in 2019.
Alumnae of Merton include British Conservative Party politician Liz Truss and Princess Akiko of Mikasa.
References
Bibliography
Bott, A. (1993). Merton College: A Short History of the Buildings. Oxford: Merton College. .
Martin, G.H. & Highfield, J.R.L. (1997). A History of Merton College. Oxford: Oxford University Press. .
External links
Merton College website
Merton JCR website
Merton MCR website
Virtual tour of Merton
1264 establishments in England
Educational institutions established in the 13th century
Colleges of the University of Oxford
Buildings and structures of the University of Oxford
Grade I listed buildings in Oxford
Grade I listed educational buildings
Edward Blore buildings
Former collegiate churches | [
-0.2732478678226471,
0.28754371404647827,
0.17891350388526917,
-0.684912919998169,
-0.01580033078789711,
0.8758383393287659,
0.7205218076705933,
0.6070521473884583,
-0.7436299324035645,
-0.16878342628479004,
-0.6774930357933044,
-0.12663966417312622,
0.18315279483795166,
0.11639393121004105,
0.2679489552974701,
-0.436576247215271,
0.6990112066268921,
-0.0744096115231514,
0.34922510385513306,
-0.7737250924110413,
-0.16002574563026428,
0.4785279631614685,
-0.4264722466468811,
0.03988410905003548,
0.3169877529144287,
-0.08886034786701202,
0.29791828989982605,
0.22978901863098145,
-0.25372859835624695,
-0.5816333293914795,
0.5480458736419678,
0.039068955928087234,
0.18596753478050232,
-0.16162288188934326,
0.32181867957115173,
-0.44083842635154724,
0.17592202126979828,
-0.5934574007987976,
0.04731018841266632,
-0.16945761442184448,
0.09528171271085739,
-0.3419148027896881,
-0.030087852850556374,
0.09171314537525177,
-0.5651406049728394,
-0.7513123154640198,
-0.814306914806366,
0.3354252874851227,
-0.8813203573226929,
0.5258411169052124,
0.2006606012582779,
0.5132360458374023,
0.32863500714302063,
-0.2733066976070404,
0.2833767533302307,
0.2912875711917877,
-0.6587731838226318,
0.15130068361759186,
0.4073925018310547,
-0.08319304883480072,
-0.34600013494491577,
0.2795916497707367,
-0.2634580731391907,
0.7225887179374695,
-0.35090407729148865,
0.15563201904296875,
0.243233323097229,
-0.43106919527053833,
-0.9819837808609009,
-0.22026579082012177,
-0.42631590366363525,
-0.46396172046661377,
-0.054902348667383194,
0.7931066155433655,
-0.511417806148529,
-0.6730780601501465,
0.04713486135005951,
0.3228299617767334,
0.3218870460987091,
0.1533595770597458,
0.29044318199157715,
0.28464511036872864,
0.06014934554696083,
0.7342588305473328,
0.5215752124786377,
0.6503950953483582,
-0.9545503258705139,
-0.1740376502275467,
-0.4771535098552704,
0.7306312322616577,
-0.435921847820282,
0.04887739568948746,
0.0886843353509903,
0.07782115787267685,
0.17810332775115967,
-0.08461650460958481,
0.1564009040594101,
-0.061289362609386444,
0.3079724609851837,
-0.08331979811191559,
-0.7625311613082886,
0.5035791993141174,
0.643356442451477,
-0.0009256476769223809,
-0.34505635499954224,
-0.083969347178936,
-0.8785588145256042,
-0.8385760188102722,
-0.3351277709007263,
0.0033456794917583466,
-0.9202275276184082,
0.08563780039548874,
-0.36378419399261475,
0.23067393898963928,
-0.13524504005908966,
0.306810587644577,
0.06391331553459167,
-0.4587954580783844,
-0.7360420227050781,
0.08454108983278275,
-0.4683510363101959,
0.4424870014190674,
0.43020379543304443,
0.41782036423683167,
-0.10271591693162918,
-0.2350214272737503,
0.3257756233215332,
0.23169468343257904,
-0.4724069833755493,
-0.14042256772518158,
0.008255647495388985,
0.7800635695457458,
0.3812716603279114,
-0.24327264726161957,
-0.20657114684581757,
-0.011160054244101048,
-0.0680798813700676,
-0.10933999717235565,
0.2502667009830475,
0.7286732196807861,
-0.5099233388900757,
-0.25921931862831116,
-0.32749828696250916,
-0.06253416836261749,
0.36593255400657654,
-0.1292765587568283,
-0.46974942088127136,
-0.1400769203901291,
-0.3840430676937103,
-0.38934165239334106,
0.21341653168201447,
0.3638959228992462,
-0.29024237394332886,
-0.38730588555336,
-0.12760987877845764,
0.5336977243423462,
0.4428423047065735,
0.41297268867492676,
0.24344207346439362,
0.09021315723657608,
-0.5687597393989563,
-0.22822831571102142,
0.460342139005661,
-0.3576550781726837,
-0.029778843745589256,
-0.12054898589849472,
0.1658288687467575,
-0.5020459890365601,
-0.6256324648857117,
0.18790020048618317,
-0.7397730350494385,
-0.3611515462398529,
0.943545401096344,
-0.4316939413547516,
-0.060016222298145294,
-0.35356971621513367,
0.9178578853607178,
0.12640811502933502,
0.6405237913131714,
-0.16757962107658386,
-0.4921729564666748,
0.049885768443346024,
-0.22926321625709534,
-0.20051437616348267,
-0.18421809375286102,
-0.09303787350654602,
-0.3273419439792633,
0.007091541308909655,
-0.23607781529426575,
0.301426500082016,
-0.6189735531806946,
-0.2558343708515167,
-0.35509511828422546,
-0.13530698418617249,
1.2153795957565308,
-0.15577785670757294,
-0.4872010350227356,
0.44544219970703125,
-0.43053269386291504,
0.7851006984710693,
-0.15376614034175873,
0.2572630047798157,
-0.24387598037719727,
-0.5786623358726501,
-0.3299899995326996,
0.09203097969293594,
0.15730908513069153,
0.23403136432170868,
0.6644837260246277,
0.36228981614112854,
-0.03177080303430557,
-0.2956169843673706,
0.21417181193828583,
0.008899915032088757,
0.44914305210113525,
-0.4604507088661194,
-0.46075114607810974,
-0.41798511147499084,
0.15241500735282898,
-0.6626645922660828,
1.059732437133789,
-0.32951924204826355,
1.1799571514129639,
0.4374493658542633,
-0.4910527467727661,
0.04114415869116783,
0.32070353627204895,
0.6731147766113281,
0.08145392686128616,
-0.25135043263435364,
0.4621197581291199,
0.2910110056400299,
0.006766578648239374,
-0.12792767584323883,
-0.306985080242157,
-0.7890076637268066,
-0.1896609663963318,
-0.5015589594841003,
0.560554027557373,
-0.06537520885467529,
0.16155754029750824,
-0.3571747839450836,
-0.778544008731842,
0.5595600605010986,
0.07878607511520386,
-0.36310359835624695,
0.17694024741649628,
0.33300402760505676,
-0.4986988604068756,
-0.1707228571176529,
-0.08580095320940018,
-0.01390406209975481,
0.3891284167766571,
-0.08281555771827698,
0.19420233368873596,
0.02241726964712143,
0.08730463683605194,
0.5550068020820618,
0.09696104377508163,
0.26894325017929077,
-0.43226027488708496,
0.2927698791027069,
0.4247114658355713,
0.1729421466588974,
-0.3791232109069824,
0.11541672796010971,
-0.006041301880031824,
-0.8112095594406128,
-0.0624430775642395,
0.07321199029684067,
-0.07324673235416412,
-0.35458627343177795,
-0.21007511019706726,
-0.09234655648469925,
-0.5279275178909302,
-0.08959531784057617,
0.26812079548835754,
-0.13338862359523773,
-0.6475475430488586,
-0.3700024485588074,
0.1394343376159668,
0.3922353684902191,
-0.20663276314735413,
-0.4445459544658661,
0.2736623287200928,
0.2572934329509735,
-0.2566673457622528,
-0.12848134338855743,
0.16489319503307343,
-0.009665210731327534,
-0.20292562246322632,
0.6124838590621948,
0.07058416306972504,
0.09519682079553604,
0.4401651918888092,
0.15689560770988464,
0.2772381603717804,
-0.222300186753273,
-0.07841015607118607,
-0.017279641702771187,
-0.06498540937900543,
0.7694767713546753,
0.13916850090026855,
0.6539717316627502,
0.7645416855812073,
-0.18669287860393524,
-0.06639575958251953,
0.3981386423110962,
-5.523471832275391,
-0.09607197344303131,
-0.34322911500930786,
0.5081757307052612,
1.0131380558013916,
-0.3191758096218109,
0.303522527217865,
-0.792244553565979,
-0.14613240957260132,
-0.690956175327301,
-0.5035345554351807,
0.0017483487026765943,
-0.1719125658273697,
0.6059480309486389,
0.2959975600242615,
0.4157983064651489,
0.5671312212944031,
0.3635672330856323,
-0.18074215948581696,
0.5591372847557068,
-0.2450288087129593,
0.4474374055862427,
-0.13433310389518738,
0.323394238948822,
-0.030644454061985016,
0.3458330035209656,
-0.08622556179761887,
0.24267396330833435,
-0.761650562286377,
-0.44534432888031006,
0.0728430449962616,
0.03939514234662056,
-0.11252368986606598,
-0.4922415614128113,
-0.319303035736084,
0.49361932277679443,
0.5845848917961121,
0.27986443042755127,
0.08208201825618744,
0.23294033110141754,
0.8244920969009399,
0.1860329657793045,
0.4184785783290863,
-0.017165137454867363,
0.17597520351409912,
-0.24699285626411438,
-0.8514251708984375,
0.1468055248260498,
-0.5605143904685974,
0.3473535478115082,
-0.4782392680644989,
0.7564588785171509,
0.8947760462760925,
0.28034186363220215,
-0.29237252473831177,
-0.1626449078321457,
0.13523951172828674,
-0.03861395642161369,
0.07466418296098709,
-0.2295418083667755,
0.4553144872188568,
-0.5419139862060547,
-0.08678171783685684,
-0.6279807686805725,
-0.535944938659668,
-0.6435146927833557,
-0.06752162426710129,
0.9149637222290039,
0.45951735973358154,
0.19900092482566833,
-0.384458988904953,
0.19623537361621857,
-0.03939233720302582,
-0.9336568117141724,
-0.4577471613883972,
-0.2172534167766571,
0.009035363793373108,
-0.23708409070968628,
0.1099982038140297,
0.13015024363994598,
-0.26791146397590637,
-0.220596581697464,
-0.4041846692562103,
0.20334333181381226,
0.21733514964580536,
-1.3344756364822388,
-0.6672318577766418,
0.2479802817106247,
-0.5467450618743896,
-0.574280321598053,
-0.4234007000923157,
-0.36609724164009094,
-0.3037528395652771,
0.48493918776512146,
0.7146144509315491,
0.046422265470027924,
-0.20109595358371735,
0.16396863758563995,
0.05996173247694969,
0.12571324408054352,
0.18422217667102814,
-0.10263798385858536,
0.09481547772884369,
0.15418869256973267,
-0.4371005892753601,
-0.46493253111839294,
-0.37064000964164734,
0.4804355502128601,
0.3608153164386749,
0.13672174513339996,
0.5047096014022827,
-0.43702632188796997,
-0.5044808387756348,
-0.08546925336122513,
0.27840742468833923,
0.05144932493567467,
-0.3311820924282074,
0.15317082405090332,
-0.4806379973888397,
0.39060017466545105,
0.0721101313829422,
0.18066416680812836,
-0.09623952209949493,
0.07952217757701874,
-0.5330397486686707,
-0.12602028250694275,
0.22896641492843628,
-0.47027379274368286,
-0.30428221821784973,
-0.30739670991897583,
0.09123458713293076,
-0.2663336992263794,
0.08530019223690033,
0.32720276713371277,
-0.06622486561536789,
-0.083450548350811,
-0.09317699074745178,
0.03242391347885132,
-0.06585532426834106,
0.34786370396614075,
0.21656052768230438,
-0.3641599416732788,
0.14516742527484894,
0.25582408905029297,
0.4433234930038452,
0.2327461838722229,
-0.02281232923269272,
0.3124468922615051,
-0.5649136900901794,
0.5676238536834717,
-0.4777415990829468,
-0.28856977820396423,
0.511040210723877,
0.011159787885844707,
-0.07890353351831436,
-0.37266579270362854,
-0.6141791343688965,
0.7136583924293518,
0.08442797511816025,
0.21604427695274353,
-0.33984890580177307,
-0.17709137499332428,
-0.6425695419311523,
-0.8213281631469727,
0.5228854417800903,
0.1917155534029007,
-0.02940809540450573,
-0.27440667152404785,
-0.6088742017745972,
0.30145463347435,
-0.20943324267864227,
-0.0782383382320404,
-0.5377416610717773,
-0.2695637047290802,
0.46840357780456543,
0.0018504782347008586,
0.07310117781162262,
-0.06163235753774643,
-0.2781725227832794,
0.18872825801372528,
0.22131019830703735,
-0.34570547938346863,
0.2549229860305786,
0.3051891326904297,
0.8992737531661987,
-0.7036342620849609,
-0.3280862867832184,
-0.5001272559165955,
0.37165266275405884,
-0.6525816917419434,
0.10309291630983353,
-0.22804170846939087,
0.391895055770874,
0.24429158866405487,
-0.4098413288593292,
-0.7514598965644836,
-0.16077041625976562,
-0.26473477482795715,
-0.7427670955657959,
-0.14380885660648346,
0.44448938965797424,
0.5326778292655945,
-0.590233325958252,
0.7044585347175598,
0.6188356280326843,
-0.6505088806152344,
0.500746488571167,
-0.1495908498764038,
0.18879999220371246,
0.5506286025047302,
-0.23787447810173035,
-0.8131853342056274,
0.16939467191696167,
0.4454963207244873,
-0.9013790488243103,
-0.3252517879009247,
-0.1897096037864685,
-0.3695443868637085,
-0.30976706743240356,
-0.156938835978508,
-0.25031381845474243,
-0.35069942474365234,
-0.46842655539512634,
-0.1384177953004837,
-0.7894831299781799,
0.4530385434627533,
0.47461411356925964,
-0.4350273907184601,
0.5066707134246826,
-0.39822086691856384,
0.45409518480300903,
-0.20256757736206055,
-0.13478097319602966,
-0.2067941278219223,
0.4610433578491211,
-0.4805290400981903,
0.23207561671733856,
0.12555895745754242,
-0.4295860826969147,
0.46381476521492004,
0.2821754515171051,
1.281907081604004,
0.10280787199735641,
-0.9447795748710632,
-0.574760377407074,
0.36339259147644043,
0.6346980929374695,
0.239956334233284,
-0.32902991771698,
0.3883962631225586,
0.6487133502960205,
-0.33720168471336365,
-0.10637686401605606,
-0.2177523374557495,
0.09306644648313522,
-0.05597899481654167,
-0.12917833030223846,
-0.01906788907945156,
0.10097518563270569,
-0.15031251311302185,
0.6446659564971924,
-0.2439693957567215,
-0.9239147305488586,
0.02610301971435547,
-0.14068835973739624,
-0.06579248607158661,
-0.2981364130973816,
-0.1828155517578125,
0.4906240403652191,
-0.7904265522956848,
-0.06423502415418625,
-0.3688163757324219,
-0.33924639225006104,
0.3018699288368225,
0.0150918485596776,
0.30344346165657043,
-0.24041847884655,
-0.9070696234703064,
0.8683294057846069,
-0.34882670640945435,
-0.3358592987060547,
0.42383918166160583,
0.3515065908432007,
-0.193088099360466,
0.7258886694908142,
-0.663059413433075,
-0.06597581505775452,
0.23149286210536957,
-0.10824807733297348,
0.7788764834403992,
-0.3566661775112152,
-0.43396514654159546,
0.19926941394805908,
0.6456241607666016,
0.05950341373682022,
0.16180942952632904,
0.465323269367218,
-0.06895968317985535,
0.7615155577659607,
-0.10399045050144196,
-0.46268150210380554,
0.5294893383979797,
0.6539686322212219,
0.11295723915100098,
0.5553428530693054,
-0.010047927498817444,
-0.6884900331497192,
-0.19037187099456787,
-0.12462571263313293,
0.14429159462451935,
0.34226322174072266,
-0.11521267890930176,
0.8810988068580627,
0.48987674713134766,
-0.48124393820762634,
-0.04889725148677826,
0.5945562124252319,
-0.709165096282959,
0.23665013909339905,
0.22022557258605957,
-0.08872320502996445,
0.6525581479072571,
0.12875056266784668,
-0.022950347512960434,
-0.24449245631694794,
0.5961024761199951,
-0.6401603817939758,
-0.30893710255622864,
0.31475767493247986,
0.40671345591545105,
0.5099273324012756,
-0.048297151923179626,
-0.3625548183917999,
0.43901926279067993,
-0.5236530303955078,
-0.4476286768913269,
-0.14641772210597992,
-0.6937914490699768,
-0.34993308782577515,
0.23770073056221008,
0.6845866441726685,
0.2049621343612671,
-0.6038137674331665,
0.653287947177887,
-0.6347687840461731,
0.1306399703025818,
0.45668232440948486,
-0.1514185667037964,
-0.13034778833389282,
0.49429720640182495,
0.19950716197490692,
0.2662947475910187,
0.6223824620246887,
-0.008370094001293182,
-0.005131764803081751,
0.1280333548784256,
0.14679579436779022,
-0.10907002538442612,
-0.6156085133552551,
-0.22593486309051514,
-0.08429184556007385,
0.7614306211471558,
0.2387736737728119,
0.05871549993753433,
0.0775817409157753,
-0.04746538773179054,
0.6308563947677612,
-0.18796145915985107,
0.3946765959262848,
0.1109616607427597,
-0.16627296805381775,
0.6499651074409485,
-0.002239963738247752,
-0.7053017020225525,
-0.0019387643551453948,
0.09457042813301086,
0.23217295110225677,
0.48511382937431335,
0.278017520904541,
-0.32165947556495667,
0.34966737031936646,
-0.5412366986274719,
-0.18940840661525726,
0.281211793422699,
0.08996709436178207,
-0.4921375513076782,
-0.2850480377674103,
0.6264563202857971,
-0.8738035559654236,
-0.12902626395225525,
0.3528812825679779,
-0.2227642983198166,
0.09546688199043274,
0.15617290139198303,
-0.5772309899330139,
0.16699765622615814,
0.20926488935947418,
0.7538126111030579,
0.5182347893714905,
-0.2127707302570343,
0.003124840557575226,
-0.02733885496854782,
-0.629580020904541,
0.28184500336647034,
-0.210564523935318,
0.5536372065544128,
-0.5147331357002258,
-0.06894325464963913,
-0.7847734689712524,
0.30539417266845703,
0.4459150731563568,
0.4336754381656647,
-0.07429366558790207,
0.8447113633155823,
-0.08513130247592926,
1.2195309400558472,
0.44604364037513733,
0.17209497094154358,
-0.10128989815711975,
0.04470791295170784,
-0.07052075117826462,
0.20848898589611053,
0.07026205956935883,
0.3821973502635956,
0.1978650540113449,
-0.31254416704177856,
-0.002597988350316882,
0.21632196009159088,
-0.9661411046981812,
0.3601626753807068,
-0.0755646675825119,
0.47747015953063965,
-0.8295499086380005,
0.4746900200843811,
0.030751243233680725,
0.3940786123275757,
0.45569440722465515,
1.2128151655197144,
0.12190581858158112,
-0.32828378677368164,
-0.46848341822624207,
0.20838679373264313,
0.4180905520915985,
0.24570447206497192,
-0.0748622864484787,
0.16527394950389862,
-0.36830973625183105,
-0.46793341636657715,
-0.6757290959358215,
0.2154041826725006,
0.7684456706047058,
-0.3676031529903412,
0.44498103857040405,
-0.5122824311256409,
0.14020082354545593,
-0.5206001400947571,
-0.06846218556165695,
0.08652307093143463,
0.6254344582557678,
0.35281291604042053
]
|
128353 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln%20College%2C%20Oxford | Lincoln College, Oxford | Lincoln College (formally, The College of the Blessed Mary and All Saints, Lincoln) is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford, situated on Turl Street in central Oxford. Lincoln was founded in 1427 by Richard Fleming, the then Bishop of Lincoln.
Notable alumni include John Radcliffe, John Wesley, antibiotics scientists Howard Florey, Edward Abraham, and Norman Heatley, Theodor Seuss Geisel (Dr. Seuss), David John Moore Cornwell (John le CarrΓ©), Rachel Maddow, and current UK Chancellor Rishi Sunak. Mensa was founded at Lincoln College in 1946. Lincoln College has one of the oldest working medieval kitchens in the UK.
History
Founding
Richard Fleming, the then Bishop of Lincoln, founded the College in order to combat the Lollard teachings of John Wyclif. He intended it to be "a little college of true students of theology who would defend the mysteries of Scripture against those ignorant laymen who profaned with swinish snouts its most holy pearls".. To this end, he obtained a charter for the College from King Henry VI, which combined the parishes of All Saints, St Michael at the North Gate, and St Mildred's within the College under a rector. The College now uses All Saints Church as its library and has strong ties with St Michael's Church at the North Gate, having used it as a stand-in for the College chapel when necessary.
Despite insufficient endowment and trouble from the Wars of the Roses (for their charter was from the deposed Lancastrian), the College has survived and flourished thanks to the efforts of its fellows and the munificence of a second Bishop of Lincoln, Thomas Rotherham. Richard Fleming died in 1431, and the first rector, William Chamberleyn, in 1434, leaving the College with few buildings and little money. The second rector, John Beke, secured the College's safety by attracting donors. By 1436, the College had seven fellows. John Forest, Dean of Wells and a close friend of Beke's, donated such an amount that the College promised to recognise him as a co-founder; it did not keep this promise. His gifts saw the construction of a chapel, a library, hall and kitchen. After a pointed sermon from the incumbent rector, Thomas Rotherham was compelled to give his support and effectively re-founded it in 1478, with a new charter from King Edward IV.
18th century
In the 18th century, Lincoln became the cradle of Methodism when John Wesley, a fellow there from 1726, held religious meetings with his brother Charles and the rest of Wesley's 'Holy Club', whom the rest of the university took to calling 'Bible-moths'. His appearances at College became less frequent after he departed for Georgia as a missionary chaplain in 1735. Indeed, he took to signing his publications as "John Wesley, Sometime Fellow of Lincoln College". A portrait of him hangs in the Hall, and a bust overlooks the front quad. The room where he is believed to have worked is also named after him, and was renovated by American Methodists at the beginning of the 20th century.
Rivalry
As is common with Oxford colleges, the College has a long-standing rivalry with neighbour Brasenose College (which was founded by a later Bishop of Lincoln, William Smyth). The two colleges share a tradition revived annually on Ascension Day. The story goes that, centuries ago, as a mob chased students at the University through the town, the Lincoln porter allowed in the Lincoln students but refused entry to the Brasenose member, leaving him to the mercy of the mob. An alternative is that a Lincoln man bested a Brasenose man in a duel. Either episode resulted in the Brasenose student's death, and ever since, on Ascension Day, Lincoln College has invited in members of Brasenose College every year through the one door connecting the two colleges, for free beer as penance. Since the nineteenth century, the beer has been flavoured with ivy so as to discourage excessive consumption.
Modern day
Academically, Lincoln was one of the top ten in the Norrington Table each year from 2006 to 2015 (excluding 2010 and 2011).
The College is associated with the Goblin Club, an exclusive all-male dining society founded in 1902. In May 2019 the JCR voted to extend a ban on the society on the grounds that it was perceived to be both elitist and racist.
In 1958, the College was the first in Oxford or Cambridge to provide a Middle Common Room exclusively for the use of graduate students. Like many of Oxford's colleges, Lincoln admitted its first mixed-sex cohort in 1979, after more than half a millennium as a men-only institution. The MCR is now located in the Berrow Foundation Building, which was inaugurated in 2014.
In 2007, the College took the rare step of unveiling a commissioned portrait of two members of staff who were not fellows or benefactors of the College, in commemoration of their work. Chef Jim Murden and Butler Kevin Egleston have worked in the College's Kitchen and Buttery for 33 and 28 years respectively, as of 2010. Noted artist Daphne Todd was commissioned for the painting, who has had such notable sitters as the Grand Duke of Luxembourg and Spike Milligan.
Architecture
According to Nikolaus Pevsner, Lincoln College preserves "more of the character of a 15th century college than any other in Oxford". This is mainly because both the façade to Turl Street and the front quad are still of only two storeys (although the parapets and battlements are of the 19th century). The College also owns most of the buildings across Turl Street from the college proper, in whole or in part, which chiefly contain student accommodation. The creeper that covers the College's front quad walls is Virginia creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefolia), dark green in the summer, through to scarlet in autumn, whilst being bare in winter.
There are three quads: the Front Quad (15th century), the Chapel Quad (1608β1631) and The Grove (19th century), as well as a number of irregular spaces. Unlike many other colleges, all of the architecture of the college proper is stone and there is no modern accommodation annexe. To quote the Lincoln College Freshers' Handbook, "Unlike most colleges, we have no grotty sixties annexe to spoil all the pretty bits". The college bar, Deep Hall (or Deepers), is immediately below the great hall and used to be the college beer cellar. It is one of the oldest parts of the college, and the pillars inside it are perhaps the oldest feature of the college. The wine cellar is accessed through Deep Hall, and extends completely beneath the Grove.
The Rector's lodgings in Turl Street are neo-Georgian and were built in 1929β1930; they are reached from within college through a gate in Chapel Quad, but have a main door on Turl Street.
The College is known as being the setting for many literary works. C. P. Snow was inspired for his novel The Masters by the story of Mark Pattison, a fellow at Lincoln, whose enthusiastic hopes for Lincoln were frustrated by older, more conservative fellows of the college; Snow's story transposes the story to a Cambridge College. It has also been the setting for three episodes of Inspector Morse. Recently, Lewis has used Turl Street in front of the College for filming. Lincoln College is the setting for much of the action in Heresy by S. J. Parris, a historical crime novel.
Chapel
The college chapel was built in late perpendicular style between 1629 and 1631; its windows are enamelled rather than stained, which is a process of painting the windows then firing them, a complicated procedure. They are the work of Abraham van Linge, who was an expert in this technique. The east window of the chapel depicts twelve biblical scenes: the top six depict scenes from Jesus' life (including the Last Supper), whilst the six below depict corresponding scenes from the Old Testament (including Adam and Eve at Creation and the whale spitting out Jonah). The north windows show the Twelve Prophets, and the south windows the Twelve Apostles. The screen separating the ante-chapel (containing the organ) from the chapel proper is made of cedar, and reportedly filled the chapel with the strong scent of cedar for around the first one hundred years of its existence.
Much of the chapel was restored in a project beginning in 1999, having been deemed to be in unacceptable disrepair in the early 1990s, when a drive for funds to this end began. The black slate and white marble tiles were repaired, cleaned and replaced where necessary, whilst most of the age damage was to be found in the woodwork, which was suffering greatly from poor ventilation and having been laid directly on to earth, resulting in worm and wet rot. Cracks in the enamel of the windows were also repaired where most obvious and disfiguring. The renovations were done in the hope of preserving the chapel's 17th-century character as much as possible, and indeed, the chapel has remained much unchanged since the wooden figurines (of Saint Peter, Saint Paul, Moses and Aaron) were placed on the front pews and the carved ceiling was installed in the 1680s.
Library
Perhaps the college's most striking feature, its library, is located in the converted 18th-century All Saints Church handed over to the college in 1971. All Saints church tower is a notable feature of Oxford's skyline, one of the city's "dreaming spires". After the church spire collapsed in 1700, amateur architect and Dean of Christ Church Henry Aldrich designed a new church; it is thought, however, that on some of the later features of the church, the work of Nicholas Hawksmoor, one of Britain's great Baroque architects, is to be found, namely on the tower and spire. The tower has a full peal of eight bells, which are regularly rung.
Its library holds some 60,000 books and is a popular place for graduates and undergraduates alike to work, especially given that it is open until 2.00 a.m. most nights compared to the earlier closing time of the Bodleian and faculty libraries. It is kept up-to-date by regular purchases, and welcomes suggestions for books pertinent to studies. The upper reading room, or Cohen Room, has an elaborate plastered ceiling and the Senior Library (downstairs) holds some of the college's older books, including pamphlets from the English Civil War period, Wesleyana, and plays dating from the late 17th and early 18th centuries, as well as a small collection of manuscripts. The science library is also to be found downstairs. Access to the library is generally restricted to current students and staff at the college, although alumni may use the library if acceptable justification is provided.
Academic links
Lincoln College has visiting undergraduate student arrangements with Middlebury College, Simon's Rock College of Bard, Drew University, and National Taiwan University. The College also has ties to Middlebury College's Bread Loaf School of English, which runs a summer graduate course using Lincoln's facilities during the University of Oxford's long summer vacation. A clock donated by Middlebury stands in the Porters' Lodge.
Grace
The College grace is read aloud at every formal hall, usually by a student. To encourage readers, students who read the grace twice in a term receive a bottle of wine. The College grace is in Latin:
Translated, this is rendered:
"Most gracious Father, who by thy providence rulest, in thy generosity feedest, and by thy blessing preservest all that thou hast created; bless us, we beseech thee, and these creatures for our use, so that they may be hallowed and of benefit to us, and we, strengthened thereby, may be rendered fitter for all good works; to the praise of thy eternal name, through Jesus Christ our Lord, Amen."
Coat of arms
The College arms incorporate (1) the arms of Bishop Richard Fleming, the founder; (2) the arms of the See of Lincoln; (3) the arms of Bishop Thomas Rotherham, the second founder.
The blazon is:
Tierced per pale, Barry of six argent and azure, in chief three lozenges gules, on the second bar of an argent a mullet pierced sable; Argent, thereon an escutcheon of Gules two lions passant guardant or, on a chief azure the Blessed Virgin Mary ducally crowned seated on a throne issuant from the chief, on her dexter arm the infant Jesus and holding in her sinister hand a sceptre, all gold: the escutcheon ensigned with a mitre azure garnished and stringed or; Vert, three stags statant two and one or.
Student life
Accommodation
The college guarantees all undergraduates three years of college-owned accommodation. Similarly, virtually all graduate students are provided housing for the duration of their studies. The college's housing stock is extensive and centrally located. About 80 students live on the three quads described above, with over 100 more living in rooms above the shops on the other side of Turl Street. These include the Mitre rooms, formerly guest rooms of the Mitre Inn, which has been owned by the college since the 15th century. The accommodation was incorporated into the college in 1969, but the restaurants were left to the inn. Lincoln House, directly across from the college, was constructed in 1939 as an annexe. There were at one point vague plans for a bridge over Turl Street connecting the annexe to the college proper; these never materialised. Further accommodation is provided at Bear Lane (across High Street). Donors Emily and John Carr gave to the college numbers 113 and 114 on the High Street, with land extending back to Bear Lane, which the college still owns and constitutes the Bear Lane accommodation.
On Museum Road near Keble College is a further accommodation complex. 12 terraced houses are officially called Lincoln Hall, but most commonly referred to as simply 'Mus Road'. The EPA Science Centre, named after Edward Abraham, was constructed behind them in the early 21st century and contains apartment-style accommodation, teaching facilities and the college's archives. A number of outlying houses make up the remainder of the housing stock.
Junior Common Room
Due to Lincoln's small numbers and tight-knit community, its Junior Common Room (JCR) plays a greater role in student life than do the JCRs of most other colleges. JCR elections, held in Trinity and Michaelmas Terms, attract one of the highest turnouts of any Oxford college. The JCR, like all JCRs in Oxford, is both a communal room for undergraduates (with a television, kitchen, vending machine, daily newspapers, a DVD library and sofas) as well as the name of the body that represents said undergraduates to the senior members of College and on a university-wide basis. All undergraduate members of the College are automatically members of the JCR, unless they specifically express a desire not to be a part of it. Honorary membership to others is sometimes extended, but have limited rights compared to other members. Every year, Lincoln JCR collaborates with the JCRs of the other Turl Street Colleges (Exeter and Jesus) in holding the Turl Street Arts Festival, a week-long event consisting of music, plays, comedy nights, hall-swaps, and talks.
The JCR is run by an Executive of seven officers, headed by the President, which is ultimately responsible for the JCR, whilst the JCR Committee comprises thirty-four members and fulfils a wide range of duties, all aimed at the general improvement of the lives of and facilities available to the undergraduate body of the College. Members of the JCR Committee are elected by popular vote. Shabana Mahmood, the MP for Birmingham Ladywood, served as JCR president in 2000β2001. JCR meetings are held three times a term, in 2nd week, 5th week and 8th week of each.
The JCR was founded in 1854 as the Lincoln College Debating Society but was renamed in 1919 (although it continued to be referred to by its former name for some time after). From 1886, the society provided members of the Common Room with tobacco and cigarettes from its funds, as well as tea and coffee; however, "The President shall have the power to stop smoking while the Torpid [a rowing eight entering a regatta in Hilary Term] and the Eight [an eight entering a regatta in Trinity Term] are in training." Tobacco and cigarettes are no longer available from the JCR, but tea and coffee are to be found in the JCR kitchen, along with a vending machine.
Middle Common Room
The Lincoln MCR is the oldest (founded in 1960) of the Oxford MCRs. With around 350 graduate students in residence each year, the MCR organises a full and varied programme of meetings, social events and sporting activities during term time and vacations. The MCR is located in the Berrow Foundation Building.
People associated with Lincoln
Notable former students of the college have progressed to careers in academia, business, politics and sports. Alumni include; John Radcliffe (renowned physician after whom the Radcliffe Camera, Radcliffe Infirmary, Radcliffe Observatory and John Radcliffe Hospital are named), Howard Florey (who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1945 for his role in large scale production of penicillin), Edward Abraham and Norman Heatley (biochemists also instrumental in the development of penicillin), Steph Cook (Olympic gold medalist), William Davenant (poet), John Hobson (economist and influential theorist of imperialism), John le CarrΓ© (author), Rachel Maddow (political commentator and author), Dr. Seuss (author and illustrator), Nevil Sidgwick (chemist), Rishi Sunak (politician), Adebayo Ogunlesi (lawyer and investment banker), Deborah Bowman (medical ethicist), Edward Thomas (poet) and John Wesley (theologian).
From 1954 to 1972, the Rector of the college was Walter Fraser Oakeshott, most famous for discovering the Winchester Manuscript of Sir Thomas Malory's Le Morte d'Arthur in 1934 while an Assistant Master at Winchester College, and after whom Lincoln College's largest performance space is named.
The academic Mark Pattison, elected as Rector of the College in 1861, is thought to have been the inspiration for the character of Dr. Casaubon in George Eliot's novel Middlemarch.
The current Rector of Lincoln College is Henry Woudhuysen.
Lincoln was the first college in Oxford (or Cambridge) to admit a Jewish Fellow, the Australian-born philosopher Samuel Alexander (appointed 1882).
Years after the success of his Cold War spy novels, novelist and Lincoln graduate John le CarrΓ©, himself a one-time spy, revealed that fictional spymaster George Smiley was partly modelled on former Lincoln rector Vivian H. H. Green. At least one other recent Lincoln Rector, Sir Maurice Shock, enjoyed a prior career in British intelligence, although there is little evidence to substantiate the college's reputation as a recruiting ground for spies.
In 1955, Paul Shuffrey, the civil servant and editor, and a former Lincoln student, endowed a fellowship in memory of his father, the leading architect and architectural designer, Leonard Shuffrey.
Princess Elisabeth of Belgium, daughter of and heir apparent to King Philippe, began classes in the three-year program of history and politics in the fall of 2021. The Belgian Royal Household had made the announcement in August of that year.
Gallery
References
External links
Lincoln College Website
Junior Common Room Website
Middle Common Room Website
1427 establishments in England
Educational institutions established in the 15th century
Colleges of the University of Oxford
Grade I listed buildings in Oxford
Grade I listed educational buildings
Buildings and structures of the University of Oxford | [
-0.14488616585731506,
0.4064180254936218,
0.3293573558330536,
-0.9138238430023193,
-0.1416778415441513,
1.2018953561782837,
0.7720654010772705,
0.7938923239707947,
-0.26928019523620605,
-0.7584918737411499,
-0.7936802506446838,
-0.21646098792552948,
0.26109158992767334,
0.28846701979637146,
0.4513930678367615,
-0.45904573798179626,
0.7112459540367126,
0.2485910803079605,
-0.0808972641825676,
-0.6501296162605286,
-0.22727617621421814,
0.09131502360105515,
-0.5246112942695618,
0.3120259940624237,
0.28720980882644653,
-0.16883938014507294,
0.5270828604698181,
-0.3366128206253052,
-0.10184026509523392,
-0.28789111971855164,
0.507314145565033,
0.14935088157653809,
-0.058498721569776535,
-0.5380808115005493,
0.048551179468631744,
-0.5050127506256104,
0.16161943972110748,
-0.40828394889831543,
-0.10968717187643051,
0.12559938430786133,
0.023219648748636246,
-0.4067409634590149,
0.33362483978271484,
0.18482133746147156,
-0.3014931082725525,
-0.7495442628860474,
-0.7640107870101929,
0.43967679142951965,
-0.8602778315544128,
0.07151873409748077,
0.26808637380599976,
0.30971553921699524,
0.25258031487464905,
0.1815311312675476,
0.2913148105144501,
0.19521768391132355,
-0.6555947065353394,
0.3367343842983246,
0.347084641456604,
-0.33597639203071594,
-0.04427724704146385,
0.7649205327033997,
-0.2273794710636139,
0.8829033374786377,
-0.724620521068573,
-0.1821925789117813,
0.43037861585617065,
-0.13147643208503723,
-0.9197550415992737,
-0.285732239484787,
-0.5161175727844238,
-0.3173525035381317,
-0.20006397366523743,
0.40090397000312805,
-0.5000690817832947,
-0.6698488593101501,
0.22915557026863098,
0.44726815819740295,
0.31671032309532166,
0.22950510680675507,
0.44420599937438965,
0.19787786900997162,
0.267520546913147,
0.8253399133682251,
0.7956168055534363,
0.35031482577323914,
-0.6984338760375977,
-0.08652026951313019,
-0.11285801231861115,
0.5637288093566895,
-0.3932342827320099,
0.0839354544878006,
-0.23095524311065674,
0.018729019910097122,
0.1861586570739746,
-0.15845675766468048,
-0.23034363985061646,
-0.01946968026459217,
0.2936418354511261,
-0.45545703172683716,
-0.661108136177063,
0.24944902956485748,
0.46456941962242126,
0.20717550814151764,
-0.5695942640304565,
0.0038777231238782406,
-0.9855697751045227,
-0.8189027309417725,
0.07765509933233261,
0.3270886242389679,
-1.0236711502075195,
0.04654916003346443,
-0.3846389055252075,
0.06650321930646896,
-0.3526177704334259,
-0.33470281958580017,
-0.08384174108505249,
-0.38141149282455444,
-0.6601772904396057,
-0.1567627191543579,
-0.6886294484138489,
0.499274879693985,
0.14916576445102692,
0.609086275100708,
-0.18912728130817413,
0.3035939335823059,
0.25082680583000183,
0.36109939217567444,
-0.8157806396484375,
-0.11522821336984634,
0.22623836994171143,
0.7803130149841309,
0.26788023114204407,
-0.09776311367750168,
0.08411933481693268,
-0.3356626331806183,
-0.31504008173942566,
0.037104614078998566,
0.23864373564720154,
0.5605905652046204,
-0.9030978679656982,
-0.3108106851577759,
0.0014797268668189645,
0.08905433863401413,
0.47695842385292053,
-0.207436665892601,
-0.32043683528900146,
-0.13248366117477417,
-0.21547304093837738,
-0.15212279558181763,
0.5052742958068848,
0.3402465581893921,
-0.3265996277332306,
-0.2749234139919281,
-0.24988295137882233,
0.5204825401306152,
0.47149035334587097,
0.43970468640327454,
0.21552518010139465,
0.1437920182943344,
-0.18613725900650024,
-0.04227073863148689,
0.16236156225204468,
-0.2403811514377594,
-0.15780435502529144,
0.15544302761554718,
0.26076391339302063,
-0.38980138301849365,
-0.3358481526374817,
0.14010366797447205,
-0.5546244382858276,
-0.3437233567237854,
0.8408112525939941,
-0.11806114763021469,
-0.17336627840995789,
-0.3049345016479492,
0.9747361540794373,
0.15066882967948914,
0.4052852392196655,
-0.18932628631591797,
-0.5682789087295532,
0.25715893507003784,
-0.0295022614300251,
0.1639312356710434,
-0.15859253704547882,
-0.028534721583127975,
-0.24397657811641693,
-0.05472404509782791,
-0.3091358244419098,
0.015526915900409222,
-0.5914767980575562,
-0.5143089294433594,
-0.4270123541355133,
-0.19707800447940826,
1.3494786024093628,
-0.02269059419631958,
-0.6229304075241089,
0.7800558805465698,
-0.6978777647018433,
0.7253493666648865,
0.18323498964309692,
-0.22897981107234955,
-0.04022875428199768,
-0.6101184487342834,
-0.3055430054664612,
-0.11979983001947403,
0.5052937269210815,
0.10813464224338531,
0.45923808217048645,
0.10666704177856445,
0.10026136040687561,
-0.3243877589702606,
-0.015929413959383965,
0.6101555228233337,
0.28265810012817383,
-0.44358760118484497,
-0.31423625349998474,
-0.6150780916213989,
0.17045879364013672,
-0.8061708807945251,
0.9283159375190735,
-0.19477128982543945,
0.7940517663955688,
0.1612691730260849,
-0.20302033424377441,
0.23672473430633545,
-0.04937320202589035,
0.4283668100833893,
-0.07955048978328705,
-0.07056505233049393,
0.4785235822200775,
0.8837958574295044,
-0.12392318993806839,
0.14214961230754852,
0.1333586871623993,
-1.2337168455123901,
0.2510681450366974,
-0.3621545732021332,
0.30507147312164307,
-0.09745645523071289,
0.3574048578739166,
-0.27165523171424866,
-0.7265629768371582,
0.5483638048171997,
-0.03941182792186737,
-0.45777714252471924,
0.2689109742641449,
0.2877875864505768,
0.011296662501990795,
-0.09100450575351715,
-0.045845434069633484,
-0.379960834980011,
0.66108238697052,
0.24511267244815826,
-0.12475482374429703,
0.00872424803674221,
-0.05265221372246742,
0.39877352118492126,
0.40024036169052124,
0.40852946043014526,
-0.3556362986564636,
0.019887275993824005,
0.21323136985301971,
0.28406038880348206,
-0.20340344309806824,
-0.294578492641449,
-0.13335900008678436,
-0.6578980684280396,
0.18918639421463013,
0.01493639126420021,
0.18571312725543976,
-0.238233283162117,
-0.337046355009079,
0.19365699589252472,
-0.5494855046272278,
0.20276786386966705,
-0.040281377732753754,
0.010774407535791397,
-0.7029383182525635,
-0.43238529562950134,
0.3260934054851532,
0.5166454315185547,
-0.5867962837219238,
-0.469189316034317,
-0.10744985193014145,
0.22835873067378998,
-0.21866008639335632,
-0.4425727427005768,
-0.20449542999267578,
0.1319693624973297,
-0.40602853894233704,
0.9138332009315491,
0.21603000164031982,
-0.03307904675602913,
0.43394213914871216,
0.3273535668849945,
0.36648258566856384,
-0.31122395396232605,
0.10392220318317413,
-0.20416583120822906,
0.14464525878429413,
0.6137425899505615,
0.4940451979637146,
0.6423503756523132,
0.8313440084457397,
-0.6136754751205444,
-0.046143755316734314,
0.17106471955776215,
-5.490025997161865,
0.08107470721006393,
-0.44837382435798645,
0.5635004043579102,
1.2064735889434814,
-0.38076677918434143,
0.23463112115859985,
-0.6280412077903748,
0.0031555844470858574,
-0.8034598231315613,
-0.3845950663089752,
-0.12263024598360062,
-0.42891421914100647,
0.5229909420013428,
0.41660356521606445,
0.6013965606689453,
0.24835984408855438,
-0.07995490729808807,
0.18323460221290588,
0.38560181856155396,
-0.1668778359889984,
0.3163263499736786,
-0.010705003514885902,
0.5756534337997437,
0.12025006115436554,
0.2309236377477646,
-0.5052286386489868,
0.21155034005641937,
-0.6138426065444946,
-0.45931243896484375,
0.43518930673599243,
-0.3082534074783325,
-0.07288791984319687,
-0.29300418496131897,
-0.3694700598716736,
0.3520505726337433,
0.6474469900131226,
0.16198930144309998,
-0.22684666514396667,
0.03874773159623146,
0.7970278263092041,
0.21148273348808289,
0.21436411142349243,
-0.31944090127944946,
0.5167210698127747,
-0.2940877079963684,
-0.9332419037818909,
-0.03676779568195343,
-0.011725177057087421,
0.15216116607189178,
-0.7399303913116455,
0.9093916416168213,
0.39830273389816284,
0.3598352074623108,
-0.441061407327652,
-0.28646618127822876,
0.0600312240421772,
-0.003596936585381627,
-0.022725097835063934,
-0.10759581625461578,
0.13515694439411163,
-0.819655179977417,
0.03696451708674431,
-0.3684479296207428,
-0.6460143327713013,
-0.5123857855796814,
-0.005783877335488796,
0.7689696550369263,
0.2190590798854828,
0.350772500038147,
-0.0685778558254242,
0.06459295004606247,
0.07061856985092163,
-0.7542927861213684,
-0.2030966430902481,
-0.7913247346878052,
-0.03184755891561508,
-0.1622852236032486,
-0.10384563356637955,
0.05317588150501251,
-0.38560575246810913,
-0.4141477346420288,
-0.06361011415719986,
0.14421844482421875,
0.2677364945411682,
-0.7981459498405457,
-0.23208364844322205,
-0.035162560641765594,
-0.40056270360946655,
-0.49110478162765503,
-0.08169807493686676,
-0.452791303396225,
-0.08096197247505188,
0.322433739900589,
0.7037339210510254,
-0.024312708526849747,
-0.15904037654399872,
0.7894902229309082,
0.03896718472242355,
0.42743831872940063,
-0.00519031286239624,
-0.34912818670272827,
-0.1613948792219162,
0.21628685295581818,
-0.28613048791885376,
-0.3848285675048828,
0.1837926059961319,
0.29572615027427673,
0.35710272192955017,
-0.08886384963989258,
0.5551323890686035,
-0.47766202688217163,
-0.7377690672874451,
0.1584159880876541,
-0.2670491933822632,
0.0765780508518219,
-0.1020704060792923,
0.09162928909063339,
-0.36791595816612244,
0.3680785298347473,
0.05566150322556496,
0.2595122754573822,
0.1302669793367386,
-0.2987121045589447,
-0.3985596299171448,
-0.2461300641298294,
0.011654315516352654,
-0.2909200191497803,
-0.15614552795886993,
-0.3230951130390167,
-0.048658184707164764,
-0.34063521027565,
-0.1227925643324852,
0.18978261947631836,
-0.31046172976493835,
-0.021281061694025993,
-0.18013571202754974,
0.11791342496871948,
-0.1674177497625351,
0.46663638949394226,
0.11385297775268555,
-0.14514034986495972,
-0.08353457599878311,
0.04956880211830139,
0.6527230739593506,
0.21126756072044373,
-0.5541372895240784,
0.3764148950576782,
-0.7946779727935791,
0.15696576237678528,
-0.4436664879322052,
-0.49501511454582214,
0.26449018716812134,
0.05338991805911064,
-0.12568040192127228,
-0.15973737835884094,
-0.4322117865085602,
0.8835742473602295,
-0.22745338082313538,
0.12989933788776398,
-0.3662455677986145,
-0.41205301880836487,
-0.4337216913700104,
-0.3037216365337372,
0.2471475899219513,
0.18366532027721405,
0.021394023671746254,
-0.562825083732605,
-0.9603579640388489,
0.4403710961341858,
0.18698738515377045,
0.22304822504520416,
-0.49514660239219666,
-0.08612298220396042,
0.32164424657821655,
0.14714404940605164,
-0.07828538119792938,
-0.05270489305257797,
-0.04340672120451927,
0.15017768740653992,
0.023840121924877167,
-0.2884235978126526,
0.25752049684524536,
-0.09290783852338791,
0.9405239820480347,
-0.2528536915779114,
-0.8547739386558533,
-0.49494820833206177,
0.43545129895210266,
-0.791886031627655,
0.17777937650680542,
-0.5085684061050415,
0.061398159712553024,
-0.15897183120250702,
0.01641758158802986,
-0.48162567615509033,
-0.06957685202360153,
-0.31003206968307495,
-0.5235881209373474,
-0.09375359117984772,
-0.0859622061252594,
0.6628097295761108,
-0.6963217258453369,
0.6419368386268616,
0.039663899689912796,
-0.647759199142456,
0.35236525535583496,
-0.1251523196697235,
0.01682184636592865,
0.4828825294971466,
-0.15160752832889557,
-0.7315138578414917,
0.21507303416728973,
0.6073063015937805,
-0.9427700638771057,
-0.4192463159561157,
-0.22370176017284393,
0.04147549718618393,
-0.13148793578147888,
-0.1260177195072174,
-0.4056229889392853,
-0.46758317947387695,
-0.3605942726135254,
0.1005241721868515,
-0.7410175800323486,
0.4700694978237152,
0.3089899718761444,
-0.7319455146789551,
0.5802663564682007,
-0.49248260259628296,
0.7023565173149109,
0.11934227496385574,
-0.31948980689048767,
0.4033912420272827,
1.3325625658035278,
-0.3391532003879547,
0.08464683592319489,
-0.027085738256573677,
-0.45718905329704285,
0.4730890989303589,
0.37536993622779846,
0.9343825578689575,
0.0947657972574234,
-0.7557260394096375,
-0.3907494843006134,
0.5752537250518799,
0.2709236145019531,
0.3643181622028351,
-0.7691488862037659,
0.1047137901186943,
0.7083204984664917,
-0.31234243512153625,
-0.21060439944267273,
-0.04725507274270058,
0.00036384531995281577,
-0.38552096486091614,
-0.09208586812019348,
-0.002389461500570178,
-0.07489882409572601,
0.2651987671852112,
0.6220681667327881,
-0.23349350690841675,
-0.7176403403282166,
0.1687145084142685,
-0.042659226804971695,
-0.03620840609073639,
-0.22268836200237274,
-0.32787859439849854,
0.05583151429891586,
-0.3249368667602539,
-0.05514388903975487,
-0.22215981781482697,
-0.12171576172113419,
0.4242774546146393,
-0.19867931306362152,
0.2008211612701416,
-0.3044856786727905,
-0.510769784450531,
0.8754932880401611,
-0.23413661122322083,
-0.40971192717552185,
-0.026473836973309517,
0.38620525598526,
-0.23315082490444183,
0.6340134143829346,
-0.6431285738945007,
0.23336383700370789,
0.4856736660003662,
-0.18372315168380737,
0.6430575847625732,
-0.3438754677772522,
-0.2995518147945404,
0.029071027413010597,
0.15914078056812286,
0.15828664600849152,
0.3007911145687103,
0.655930757522583,
0.15293747186660767,
0.8373627066612244,
-0.13024041056632996,
-0.37163400650024414,
0.7950414419174194,
0.5145449638366699,
0.04822476580739021,
0.38522300124168396,
0.19905036687850952,
-0.4962034821510315,
-0.12058252096176147,
-0.4924389719963074,
0.02193884551525116,
0.41803237795829773,
-0.2766200304031372,
0.7944276928901672,
0.4972198009490967,
-0.4153691232204437,
0.13626828789710999,
0.5302380919456482,
-0.7180385589599609,
-0.0379929281771183,
0.24571269750595093,
-0.17259156703948975,
0.6948574781417847,
0.040618736296892166,
-0.042244378477334976,
-0.025748593732714653,
0.627147376537323,
-0.37702107429504395,
-0.4658661186695099,
-0.15209664404392242,
0.3656015992164612,
-0.018835589289665222,
-0.43893006443977356,
-0.3692797124385834,
0.6656477451324463,
-0.31723424792289734,
-0.7373371720314026,
-0.26493585109710693,
-0.9035689234733582,
-0.279697984457016,
0.27817651629447937,
0.6648873686790466,
0.6639988422393799,
-0.5979963541030884,
0.5947765707969666,
-0.661325216293335,
-0.025318969041109085,
0.016600826755166054,
0.28235599398612976,
-0.21253468096256256,
0.4352748692035675,
0.035991184413433075,
-0.00028808170463889837,
0.26736143231391907,
0.10814516246318817,
-0.13068656623363495,
0.12927842140197754,
0.13000255823135376,
0.3317015469074249,
-0.4503602981567383,
0.2027418464422226,
0.14304225146770477,
0.9272494316101074,
0.32488876581192017,
-0.2956346571445465,
0.03167272359132767,
0.056644123047590256,
0.6776241064071655,
-0.2254675328731537,
0.0769912376999855,
0.03437454625964165,
-0.19419991970062256,
0.752352237701416,
0.04743902385234833,
-0.5850130319595337,
-0.14893563091754913,
0.35398346185684204,
0.10151034593582153,
0.5484374165534973,
0.25544989109039307,
-0.38374578952789307,
-0.0793854221701622,
-0.4508790373802185,
-0.16849324107170105,
0.1480003446340561,
0.1342187076807022,
-0.8526044487953186,
-0.5530133843421936,
0.5766665935516357,
-0.9906829595565796,
-0.01543942466378212,
0.27987635135650635,
-0.38837796449661255,
0.04939839616417885,
0.10357587784528732,
-0.31430894136428833,
-0.2274203598499298,
0.4600551426410675,
0.789382815361023,
0.4746471047401428,
-0.07557907700538635,
0.28354209661483765,
0.07925836741924286,
-0.30495506525039673,
0.06846977770328522,
-0.10126221179962158,
0.2518485188484192,
-0.13054634630680084,
-0.00995615217834711,
-0.7448285222053528,
0.06639204174280167,
0.3198167383670807,
0.15869349241256714,
-0.20788252353668213,
0.26542162895202637,
-0.13642045855522156,
1.1206411123275757,
0.4394794702529907,
0.4009016752243042,
-0.27858027815818787,
0.1497393548488617,
0.05728812888264656,
0.23274804651737213,
-0.04779207333922386,
0.45703524351119995,
0.43683406710624695,
0.0668523758649826,
0.31660768389701843,
0.234913170337677,
-0.5548127889633179,
0.6888576745986938,
0.15069064497947693,
0.34701216220855713,
-0.6554268002510071,
0.33180055022239685,
0.09331869333982468,
0.6950576901435852,
0.641542911529541,
1.1793280839920044,
0.13770046830177307,
-0.3894725441932678,
-0.7362241744995117,
-0.36056023836135864,
0.5430174469947815,
-0.12308245897293091,
0.23043155670166016,
0.17951545119285583,
-0.4128645658493042,
-0.4492991268634796,
-0.9380341172218323,
0.7252249121665955,
0.7053914666175842,
0.09903731197118759,
0.43358734250068665,
-0.5566556453704834,
0.17964398860931396,
-0.6085692048072815,
-0.10069117695093155,
-0.023222845047712326,
0.6006870865821838,
0.4864872097969055
]
|
128354 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20College%2C%20Oxford | New College, Oxford | New College is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in the United Kingdom. Founded in 1379 by William of Wykeham, the full name of the college is The College of St Mary of Winchester in Oxford. The name "New College", however, soon came to be used following its completion in 1386 to distinguish it from the older existing college of St Mary, now known as Oriel College.
In 2017 and 2020, the college ranked first in the Norrington Table, a table assessing the relative performance of Oxford's undergraduates in final examinations. Historically, it has been ranked highly. It has the 3rd-highest average Norrington Table ranking over the previous decade. The college is located in the centre of Oxford, between Holywell Street and New College Lane (known for Oxford's Bridge of Sighs), next to All Souls College, Harris Manchester College, Hertford College, The Queen's College and St Edmund Hall. The college's sister college is King's College, Cambridge.
Its striking architecture has made the college a popular location for film and television, featuring in Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, Mamma Mia 2: Here We Go Again, and His Dark Materials among others.
The college is one of the main choral foundations of the University of Oxford. The college choir is regarded as one of the leading choirs of the world, and has recorded over one hundred albums; it has been awarded two Gramophone Awards.
Like many of Oxford's colleges, New College admitted its first mixed-sex cohort in 1979, after six centuries as an institution for men only.
History
Despite its name, New College is one of the oldest of the Oxford colleges; it was founded in 1379 by William of Wykeham, Bishop of Winchester, as "Saint Mary College of Winchester in Oxenford", the second college in Oxford to be dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary.
Founding
In 1379 William of Wykeham had purchased land in Oxford and was able to apply to King Richard II for a charter to allow the foundation of a college de novo. In his own charter of foundation, Wykeham declared the college to consist of a warden and seventy scholars. The site on which the college would be built was acquired from several sources, including the City of Oxford, Merton College and Queen's College. This land had been the City Ditch, a haunt of thieves, and had been used for burials during the Black Death.
New College was founded in conjunction with Winchester College (opened 1394), which was envisaged as a feeder to the Oxford college, and the two institutions have striking architectural similarities: both were the work of master mason William Wynford. On 5 March 1380, the first stone of New College was laid. By 14 April 1386, the college entered formal possession of the buildings. Wykeham set to drawing up the statutes of the college, with a first draft presented in 1390. The statutes were not completed until the year before Wykeham died (1404).
The coat of arms of the college is one adopted by William Wykeham. It features two black chevrons, one said to have been added when he became a bishop and the other representing his skill with architecture (the chevron was a device used by masons). Winchester College uses the same arms.
The grand collection of buildings is a testament to William's experience in administering both ecclesiastical and civil institutions as the Bishop of Winchester and High Chancellor of England.
Both Winchester College and New College were originally established for the education of priests, there being a shortage of properly educated clergy after the Black Death. William of Wykeham ordained that there were to be ten chaplains, three clerks and 16 choristers on the foundation of the college.
The original choristers were accommodated within the walls of the college under one schoolmaster. Since then the school has expanded and in 1903 moved to New College School in Savile Road.
As well as being the first Oxford college for undergraduates and the first to have senior members of the college give tutorials, New College was the first college in Oxford to be deliberately designed around a main quadrangle, a format which has since become synonymous with Oxford and Cambridge colleges.
Students at New College were until 1834 exempt from taking the university's examinations for the BA and (in earlier times) the MA degrees, and were also ineligible for honours, though they still had to take the college's own tests. This contributed to the college's old reputation for "Golden scholars, silver bachelors, leaden masters and wooden doctors."
Civil war
In August 1651, New College was fortified by the Parliamentarian forces and the cloisters and Bell Tower were used for musketry training and munitions storage. In 1685, Monmouth's rebellion involved Robert Sewster, a fellow of the college, who commanded a company of university volunteers. These volunteers were mostly of New College and exercised in the Bowling Green.
Motto
The college's motto, created by William of Wykeham, is "Manners Makyth Man". The motto was in many respects fairly revolutionary. First, it was written in English, rather than Latin, which makes it very unusual in Oxford, and is especially revolutionary considering the college's age; even St Catherine's College, founded in 1965, has a Latin motto ("Nova et Vetera": "the new and the old"). Secondly, the motto makes a social statement; it is not by birth, money, or property that an individual is defined, but by how he or she behaves towards other people. Wykeham's motto is reminiscent of the insight found in Aristotle's Ethics: that a man or a woman is what he or she does, and what we do is what we are.
College links
Admiring William of Wykeham's achievements in creating his twinned institutions, King Henry VI modelled the establishment of his own new colleges, King's College, Cambridge, and Eton College, upon Wykeham's foundations of New College and Winchester College.
Indeed, the link that King's College, Cambridge, and Eton College share is a direct copy of William of Wykeham's link between New College and Winchester College.
New College has an informal link with Winchester College, Eton College, and King's College, Cambridge, dating back to 1444, a four-way relationship known as the Amicabilis Concordia, which now expresses itself in periodic choral music events.
King's College remains New College's official sister college in Cambridge. There exist, however, few continued links between New College and Winchester, excepting the presence of some of its fellows on the school's similarly constituted governing body of a Warden and Fellows. Until the late 20th century, but no longer, New College offered some scholarships only available to people who had their previous education at Winchester College: these were called "closed scholarships" to distinguish them from the "open scholarships" which could be held by anyone. This distinction no longer exists and no New College scholarships are currently reserved for former pupils of Winchester College.
Buildings and gardens
At the time of its founding, the college was a grand example of the "perpendicular style". and was larger than all of the (six) existing Oxford colleges combined.
With the evolution of the college over the centuries, it has regularly added to its original quadrangle. The upper storey of the quad was added in the sixteenth century as attics which, in 1674, were replaced by a third storey proper as seen today. The oval turf at the centre of the quad is an eighteenth-century addition.
Many of its buildings are listed as being of special architectural or historical importance and, today, the college is one of Oxford's most widely visited. The college's grounds are among the largest of the Oxford University colleges.
The three-sided, βopenβ Garden Quadrangle, said to be modelled on the Palace of Versailles, was built in the 17th century, and further college expansion led to the formation of Holywell Quad in the 19th century, with a range known as βNew Buildingsβ built along Holywell Street.
New College is currently building a new development on its Savile Road site, next to New College School. The Gradel Quadrangles, as this will be known, were designed by David Kohn Architects and received planning permission in June 2018. They will provide an additional 70 student rooms, a flexible learning hub and a performance base.
Hall
The hall is the dining room of the college and its dimensions are eighty feet by forty feet (24 m Γ 12 m). In his charter, Wykeham forbade wrestling, dancing and all noisy games in the hall due to the close proximity of the college chapel, and prescribed the use of Latin in conversation.
The panelling was added when Archbishop Warham was bursar of the college. The marble flooring replaced the original flooring in 1722. The open oak roof had been replaced by a ceiling at the end of the 18th century, and little is known of it. It was not until the Junior Common Room offered Β£1000 to restore the hall roof that work began on the roof seen today; this was in 1865 under the architect Sir Gilbert Scott. The windows were replaced at the time with painted glass and the portraits moved to a higher level. The hall underwent a major restoration project and reopened in January 2015.
Chapel
The cloisters and the chapel are of particular note; much of the medieval stained glass in the ante-chapel was restored in a 20-year project which was commended in the 2007 Oxford Preservation Trust Environmental Awards. Renowned for its grand interior, the chapel contains works by Sir Jacob Epstein and El Greco and some of the stained glass windows were designed by the 18th-century portraitist Sir Joshua Reynolds. For example, the Great West window shows a design by Sir Joshua Reynolds.
The organ was built by the firm of Grant, Degens, and Bradbeer in 1969, in a case designed by George Pace; somewhat revolutionary at the time, the instrument remains no less remarkable and idiosyncratic today. The choir stalls contain 62 14th-century misericords which are of outstanding beauty β several of New College's misericords were copied during the Victorian era, for use at Canterbury Cathedral. The niches of the reredos were provided by Sir Gilbert Scott and were fitted with statues in the 19th century. Near the east end of the chapel is the Founder's Crosier, a relic overlaid with silver gilt and enamel that resembles a pastoral staff. This was exhibited at South Kensington in 1862.
The cloisters, containing a large holm oak tree, sit by the western wall of the Chapel, and were made famous by Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire β featuring in a memorable scene in which Draco Malfoy is turned into a white ferret. The bell tower contains one of the oldest rings of ten bells, which is rung by the Oxford Society of Change Ringers and the Oxford University Society of Change Ringers.
City wall
The medieval Oxford City Wall, belonging to New College, is often noted. When William of Wykeham acquired the land on which to build the college, he agreed to maintain the city wall. Every three years the Lord Mayor and Corporation of the City of Oxford take a walk along the wall to make sure that the obligation is being fulfilled, a tradition dating back to the college's foundation in 1379.
Savile Road site
The Gradel Quadrangles were designed by David Kohn Architects
and received planning permission in June 2018. They will provide an additional 70 student rooms, a flexible learning hub and a performance base on a site on the corner of Mansfield Road and Savile Road.
Gardens
The Middle Gateway opens to the Garden Quadrangle, said to be modelled on the Palace of Versailles. The gardens of New College include a mound that was arranged in the sixteenth century (which originally had steps, but is now smooth with one set of stairs). In a 1761 edition of Pocket Companion for Oxford the mound is described:
"In the middle of the Garden is a beautiful Mount with an easy ascent to the top of it, and the Walks around it, as well as the Summit of it, guarded with Yew Hedges. The Area before the Mount being divided into four Quarters, [..] the King's Arms, [..] opposite to it the Founder's; in the third a Sun Dial; and the Fourth, a Garden-Knot, all planted in Box, and neatly cut."
New College has a large herbaceous border running alongside the medieval City Wall. Despite tour guides regularly claiming that this is the largest herbaceous border in the UK, Dirleton Castle in Scotland holds the accolade.
Notable possessions
The college is also in possession of a large collection of silver (including the medieval silver gilt Founder's Crosier, housed in a display case in the chapel), the Oxford Chest which is currently in the Ashmolean Museum and two "unicorn horns" (which are in fact narwhal tusks). According to A. J. Prickard (writing in 1909) the library once contained a copy of the editio princeps (first printed edition) of Aristotle.
Choir
As part of the original college statutes, William of Wykeham provided for a choral foundation of lay and academical clerks, with boy choristers to sing mass and the daily offices. It is a tradition that continues today with the choral services of evensong and Eucharist during term. In the Middle Ages choristers not only sang, but waited in hall, fetching beer for the students.
In addition to its choral duties in the chapel, the New College Choir has established a reputation as one of the finest Anglican choirs in the world and is known particularly for its performances of Renaissance and Baroque music. Some seventy recordings of the choir are still in the catalogue and as well as appearing a number of times at the BBC Proms, the choir make numerous concert tours.
In 1997, the choir won a Gramophone Award in the best-selling disc category for their album Agnus Dei, and in 2008, they won a Gramophone Award in the early music category for their recording of Nicholas Ludford's Missa Benedicta.
Edward Higginbottom, organist and tutor in music at New College until the end of the 2013β14 academic year, has been made Oxford University's first choral professor. The choristers are educated at New College School on Savile Road, a short distance from New College itself.
On Thursday 21 May 2009, the choir revived an ancient custom of processing to Bartlemas Chapel for a ceremony and then on to the location of an ancient spring. The ceremony had not been observed for the past 400Β years.
On 29 June 2015 and 2016, at the invitation of the Holy See and the Cappella Musicale Pontificia Sistina, the choir sang at the Papal Pallium mass for the Solemnity of Saints Peter and Paul in St. Peter's Basilica.
Organ
The original organ was given by William Porte (1420β3). Records note that an organ was removed in 1547 under Edward VI, and likewise in 1572. A Willis organ installed in 1874 contained parts from organs by Samuel Green in 1776, James Chapman Bishop, and Dallam in 1663.
The present instrument was constructed by Grant, Degens and Bradbeer in 1969. Tuning is regulated by Bishop and Son of London and Ipswich. In the summer of 2014 the organ was restored, with the key actions and other mechanisms being completely renewed by Goetze and Gwynn, and minor registration changes also made, including the 32Β ft Fagot receiving a full-length bass (previously half-length).
Organists and directors of music
Student life
Middle Common Room
The Middle Common Room (MCR i.e. the graduate member of the college) is very active. The common room itself and the MCR bar are located in the Weston Buildings by the New College sports grounds and some of the graduate accommodation. Alongside a variety of social events, the MCR also holds graduate colloquia and produces its own journal (the New Collection) to share the wide range of research of its members.
In 2019/20, 38% of New College graduate students identified themselves as BAME (Black, Asian, or Minority Ethnic).
Junior Common Room
The Junior Common Room (JCR) refers to the body of undergraduates at the college. It has a committee of elected and appointed members, which plays a central part in the life of the undergraduate community. Offering social, recreational and welfare support to the students, the elected committee addresses many aspects of student life and liaises with the governing body and graduate student representatives.
Positions which are held include the President, Vice President, welfare representatives (reps) for male, female and non-binary genders, LGBTQ and BME students, a women's officer, charities rep, MADD rep, access rep, international rep, food and bar rep, housing rep, treasurer, environment and ethics rep, academic affairs rep and entz reps. There are also several non-committee roles such as officers for board games, bicycles, IT, band room and wine steward. An unusual appointed position in the JCR is that of Mint Julep Quarterperson, who is tasked with providing free mint julep cocktails to all members on 1 June to commemorate the anniversary of the visit of William Trapier to the college in 1845. He was shocked that the college butler had never heard of the drink, and so made one himself from ingredients which he found, and then left a fund so that every year, members of the college could enjoy a mint julep on the anniversary of his visit from America. The quarterperson is tasked with organising the continuation of this tradition each year.
Between the years 2017 and 2019, 45.2% of UK undergraduates admitted to New College were women and 19.3% identified themselves as BAME (Black, Asian, or Minority Ethnic).
Outreach
New College has been running outreach initiatives for years, seeking to help and attract students from under-represented groups to apply to the University of Oxford. In 2017, it launched Step Up, a sustained contact outreach initiative which seeks to inspire students from partner schools in England and Wales to apply to Oxford and supports them to make a competitive application.
In 2020, the college also founded the Oxford for Wales consortium, Oxford Cymru, along with Jesus College and St Catherineβs College, offering support to students from state schools in Wales.
Field sports
New College has a tradition in field sports, with the two main ones being Rugby and Football. Both clubs compete in the top division of the college league system, thereby placing them in the top 5 colleges at the university in their respective sports. In 2019 NCAFC won cuppers, the inter-collegiate knockout competition, whilst NCRFC won the division 1 trophy in back to back seasons in 2015/16 and 2019/20.
Rowing
New College is one of only a few Oxford or Cambridge colleges to have won an Olympic medal; the New College Boat Club represented Great Britain at the Summer Olympics in Stockholm, Sweden, in 1912, and earned a silver medal. In 1912, Great Britain sent two men's crews to the Olympics in Stockholm, Sweden. One was a Leander crew, composed mostly of Magdalen College (Oxford) rowers, and captained by the Magdalen captain. The second was the New College 1st VIII. The two British crews were favourites for gold, and so started at opposite ends of the draw, and progressed through the competition to make the final. The course in Stockholm was not straight, and one of the two lanes was clearly favoured, the other requiring the cox to steer around a protruding boathouse and then back under a bridge. Before the final, the two British captains met to toss for lanes. New College won the toss and following gentlemanly tradition offered the choice of lanes to their opponents, who would β in a gentlemanly fashion β refuse this offer. However the Leander/Magdalen captain accepted this offer and chose the better lane. Leander went on to win the gold medal, leaving New College with the silver. King Gustav V of Sweden was so disheartened by this display of ungentlemanly conduct that, as a consolation, he presented his colours to New College. Ever since then, New College have raced in purple and gold, the colours of the royal house of Sweden. A further tradition has been the adoption of the toast: "God damn bloody Magdalen!", the supposed words of the New College stroke Robert Bourne as they crossed the line. The abbreviation "GDBM" is still used commonly, and appears to this day on the bottom of the NCBC letterhead. Today, the New College Olympic blade is on display at the Olympic Museum in Lausanne, Switzerland.
New College Boat Club is also one of the few Oxford boat clubs to have held both headships at Summer Eights (though not in the same year), and one of only 11 Oxford or Cambridge colleges to have won the Grand Challenge Cup at Henley Royal Regatta, having also won the Visitor Challenge Cup twice, the Ladies Challenge Plate twice, and the Stewards' Challenge Cup twice.
People associated with the college
Alumni and fellows
New College has a legacy of notable individuals who have studied and worked at the college. Among them are Nobel Prize winners, churchmen, statesmen, leading scientists and literary figures.
The Simonyi Professorship of the Public Understanding of Science was held by Richard Dawkins and is now held by Marcus du Sautoy, both of whom are fellows of New College.
Wardens
The warden is the college's principal, responsible for its academic leadership, chairing its governing body and representing the college internationally.
Gallery
Notes
References
Bibliography
Buxton, John, and Penry Williams (1979). New College, Oxford, 1379β1979. Oxford: Warden and Fellows of New College. .
Halford Smith, Alic (1952). New College, Oxford, and its Buildings. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Jenkinson, Matthew (2013). New College School, Oxford: A History. Oxford: Shire. .
Tyerman, Christopher (2010). New College. London: Third Millennium. .
External links
New College JCR, Oxford
New College MCR, Oxford
College choir
New College School
1379 establishments in England
Educational institutions established in the 14th century
Colleges of the University of Oxford
Grade I listed buildings in Oxford
Grade I listed educational buildings
Organisations based in Oxford with royal patronage
Buildings and structures of the University of Oxford | [
-0.08904711157083511,
0.2809363007545471,
0.3577064573764801,
-0.8663380146026611,
0.13390706479549408,
0.6504299640655518,
0.6738510727882385,
0.6381797194480896,
-0.6574476957321167,
-0.6022741794586182,
-0.49181944131851196,
-0.13384376466274261,
0.5574689507484436,
0.27580660581588745,
0.22962844371795654,
-0.5156229734420776,
0.6380425691604614,
0.030693335458636284,
0.11686871945858002,
-0.7738572955131531,
-0.2286233901977539,
0.1459554135799408,
-0.18644869327545166,
0.4407408833503723,
-0.13163307309150696,
-0.219358891248703,
0.5360947847366333,
-0.3778698742389679,
-0.3150677978992462,
-0.32915830612182617,
0.4034425616264343,
-0.015546249225735664,
-0.10666707903146744,
-0.4517764747142792,
0.3457161486148834,
-0.42960813641548157,
-0.0042848433367908,
-0.3408123254776001,
0.19026511907577515,
-0.07558294385671616,
-0.21379441022872925,
-0.36342719197273254,
0.19547095894813538,
0.4525718688964844,
-0.4594776928424835,
-0.8527806997299194,
-0.8174049854278564,
0.49622493982315063,
-1.1724287271499634,
0.15803661942481995,
0.32176098227500916,
0.5026797652244568,
0.5777904391288757,
-0.2755900025367737,
0.21332524716854095,
0.05557115003466606,
-0.865427553653717,
0.06630092114210129,
0.504950225353241,
0.06415745615959167,
0.028564007952809334,
0.7094777822494507,
-0.2776825726032257,
0.6760202646255493,
-0.22100533545017242,
-0.10962001234292984,
0.1701294630765915,
0.26353389024734497,
-1.0831974744796753,
-0.07921295613050461,
-0.4938308000564575,
-0.42679741978645325,
-0.1246919259428978,
0.40084272623062134,
-0.4460847079753876,
-0.7735607028007507,
0.07822087407112122,
0.3237415850162506,
0.39445582032203674,
0.09655625373125076,
0.37150678038597107,
0.21156568825244904,
0.08347640931606293,
0.4583475589752197,
0.7947338819503784,
0.4315761923789978,
-0.8117408156394958,
-0.22494658827781677,
-0.4801802337169647,
0.46783867478370667,
-0.3974311947822571,
0.10717648267745972,
-0.028655141592025757,
0.24794043600559235,
0.107941173017025,
-0.06476011127233505,
-0.4164122939109802,
0.20902489125728607,
0.48839637637138367,
-0.11867749691009521,
-0.14694540202617645,
0.10116730630397797,
0.5755967497825623,
-0.14880743622779846,
-0.4443355202674866,
-0.2962823510169983,
-0.7961395978927612,
-0.9245376586914062,
-0.21327950060367584,
-0.23754341900348663,
-1.0833853483200073,
0.26012223958969116,
-0.5509933829307556,
0.05895153433084488,
-0.2691672444343567,
0.06996611505746841,
-0.03307506814599037,
-0.5085731148719788,
-0.9211862087249756,
-0.34819960594177246,
-0.6038397550582886,
0.649666428565979,
0.1740371733903885,
0.6277321577072144,
-0.09342072159051895,
0.37707147002220154,
0.30815085768699646,
0.448547899723053,
-0.40643373131752014,
-0.16122202575206757,
0.43451401591300964,
1.009220004081726,
-0.00914093479514122,
-0.08918984979391098,
0.13552148640155792,
-0.08332126587629318,
-0.2158995121717453,
0.013133582659065723,
0.343260258436203,
0.4461689293384552,
-0.684930682182312,
0.031221384182572365,
0.09115123003721237,
0.2544190287590027,
0.6392807960510254,
0.03201564401388168,
-0.3011239469051361,
-0.27727100253105164,
-0.24354852735996246,
-0.3942435681819916,
0.7524875402450562,
0.21622273325920105,
-0.3581884205341339,
-0.1384156346321106,
-0.16650767624378204,
0.5107554197311401,
0.17683357000350952,
0.29173389077186584,
0.18693038821220398,
0.10021842271089554,
-0.3023279309272766,
-0.269248366355896,
0.42137500643730164,
-0.011078888550400734,
0.051986388862133026,
-0.09875264018774033,
0.33466315269470215,
-0.5730388164520264,
-0.13059720396995544,
0.511783242225647,
-0.9741069078445435,
-0.19442413747310638,
0.9042631387710571,
-0.46068453788757324,
0.07249481976032257,
-0.24475231766700745,
0.7369861006736755,
0.005596424452960491,
0.23986415565013885,
-0.22211895883083344,
-0.6424910426139832,
0.4275038540363312,
0.12708643078804016,
-0.10226760804653168,
-0.08152887225151062,
-0.1936323642730713,
-0.036075662821531296,
0.08924226462841034,
-0.10770216584205627,
0.4912276566028595,
-0.502291202545166,
0.048484645783901215,
0.038627989590168,
-0.03580304607748985,
1.201338291168213,
0.10216666013002396,
-0.6225032210350037,
1.1091322898864746,
-0.739519476890564,
0.8165529370307922,
0.014004217460751534,
-0.22772279381752014,
-0.07757618278265,
-0.38582125306129456,
-0.19702167809009552,
0.014948858879506588,
0.5488651394844055,
-0.04761377349495888,
0.7003915309906006,
0.25440195202827454,
0.1865466684103012,
-0.5130274891853333,
0.08308247476816177,
0.27772656083106995,
0.43714120984077454,
-0.3945564031600952,
-0.19721758365631104,
-0.3712199628353119,
0.06699703633785248,
-0.6972055435180664,
1.009722113609314,
-0.2142067551612854,
0.8795706033706665,
0.039477813988924026,
-0.1679535210132599,
0.25347426533699036,
-0.205222025513649,
0.07786980271339417,
0.03771151974797249,
-0.5505052804946899,
0.610332727432251,
0.7282143235206604,
-0.02485055848956108,
0.05354098603129387,
0.10608398169279099,
-0.9429861307144165,
-0.0651363953948021,
-0.6133518815040588,
0.588386595249176,
-0.2257489413022995,
0.4438319504261017,
-0.44818589091300964,
-1.0005260705947876,
0.6105866432189941,
0.2794727087020874,
-0.08212396502494812,
0.12454471737146378,
0.4279785454273224,
-0.4021776020526886,
-0.2539931535720825,
0.32122236490249634,
-0.206581711769104,
0.5099353194236755,
0.23488667607307434,
0.13998062908649445,
-0.20141644775867462,
-0.34306207299232483,
0.7368993759155273,
0.7032070755958557,
0.37255755066871643,
-0.39735597372055054,
0.15940739214420319,
0.2922828495502472,
0.27465689182281494,
-0.685676634311676,
-0.3945397734642029,
-0.6050723791122437,
-0.7647702693939209,
0.12159222364425659,
-0.35068389773368835,
0.19397088885307312,
-0.2202528417110443,
-0.4589352607727051,
-0.16963720321655273,
-0.457754909992218,
0.04178498312830925,
0.14492559432983398,
-0.04966481029987335,
-0.5687879323959351,
-0.4357096552848816,
0.3021233379840851,
0.9050438404083252,
-0.27735939621925354,
-0.7242199778556824,
-0.07387855648994446,
0.21053746342658997,
-0.2286001592874527,
-0.04816591367125511,
-0.06880387663841248,
-0.1258065104484558,
-0.3301469087600708,
0.7401442527770996,
-0.13891442120075226,
0.43791699409484863,
0.270285964012146,
0.2036731243133545,
0.5793540477752686,
-0.36170417070388794,
0.015324442647397518,
-0.023389073088765144,
0.5699827075004578,
0.6361744999885559,
0.14541712403297424,
0.3933284282684326,
0.5374882221221924,
-0.4706593155860901,
-0.0006331171607598662,
0.16045328974723816,
-5.41530704498291,
0.025390591472387314,
-0.2919645607471466,
0.5397139191627502,
0.9981458187103271,
-0.7248143553733826,
0.5504592061042786,
-0.441510945558548,
-0.4233058989048004,
-0.7237311601638794,
-0.7410443425178528,
-0.26676061749458313,
-0.1452053338289261,
0.2853018641471863,
0.08248879015445709,
0.7917460203170776,
0.4041348993778229,
0.19542261958122253,
-0.0704253762960434,
0.9416536092758179,
0.0515715666115284,
0.36728784441947937,
-0.12274067103862762,
0.11084708571434021,
0.2535732090473175,
0.1598723828792572,
-0.172100231051445,
0.22765111923217773,
-0.8622555732727051,
-0.6234091520309448,
0.3205341398715973,
-0.22999948263168335,
0.15226046741008759,
-0.5513244867324829,
-0.4883697032928467,
0.09935733675956726,
0.5440605878829956,
0.15721485018730164,
-0.025356002151966095,
-0.03529343381524086,
0.544871985912323,
0.5671538710594177,
0.44250422716140747,
-0.19945071637630463,
0.692444920539856,
-0.5444278120994568,
-0.6285645961761475,
0.15254977345466614,
-0.3904625177383423,
0.23333582282066345,
-0.5318999290466309,
0.7374264001846313,
0.6674671769142151,
0.3826020061969757,
-0.39417967200279236,
-0.33235299587249756,
0.08522780239582062,
0.14011608064174652,
-0.014322693459689617,
-0.054347358644008636,
0.21946752071380615,
-0.717727541923523,
-0.171073317527771,
-0.509646475315094,
-0.7289401292800903,
-0.6008498668670654,
-0.1848440021276474,
0.46356290578842163,
0.12556372582912445,
0.3227945864200592,
-0.1802007555961609,
0.015373681671917439,
0.09545672684907913,
-0.6855251789093018,
-0.435884565114975,
-0.8776711821556091,
-0.19939157366752625,
-0.3249703645706177,
-0.1732233762741089,
-0.08060027658939362,
0.0007957126363180578,
-0.30419740080833435,
-0.4483698010444641,
0.38190487027168274,
0.22582857310771942,
-0.8049291968345642,
-0.6002318263053894,
0.2505109906196594,
-0.9646080732345581,
-0.41355326771736145,
-0.13749568164348602,
-0.043262213468551636,
-0.16259001195430756,
0.35344618558883667,
0.4217536747455597,
0.11847742646932602,
-0.12105116993188858,
0.3036161959171295,
-0.206638365983963,
0.1823560744524002,
0.03959275782108307,
-0.29284027218818665,
0.14925463497638702,
0.28101810812950134,
-0.34168514609336853,
-0.5854560136795044,
0.296497642993927,
0.704400360584259,
0.2874748706817627,
0.046741995960474014,
0.13275913894176483,
-0.4055716097354889,
-0.8662184476852417,
0.21384459733963013,
-0.14899316430091858,
0.22284342348575592,
-0.2387828230857849,
0.19507138431072235,
-0.5897126197814941,
0.24036374688148499,
-0.2292042225599289,
0.3771476149559021,
0.04407953470945358,
-0.5584773421287537,
-0.5683164596557617,
-0.6118476986885071,
-0.021737441420555115,
-0.24338257312774658,
-0.22430677711963654,
-0.3371618986129761,
-0.08675772696733475,
-0.3169659376144409,
-0.0372089147567749,
0.03145841509103775,
-0.1893831193447113,
0.07943914085626602,
-0.22333857417106628,
0.07656349986791611,
-0.07214581966400146,
0.6176992058753967,
0.11697028577327728,
-0.22340337932109833,
0.44724008440971375,
0.03788329288363457,
0.7458694577217102,
0.6949622631072998,
-0.11932363361120224,
0.059264279901981354,
-0.859419584274292,
0.35212185978889465,
-0.3526875972747803,
-0.4467136263847351,
0.15579287707805634,
0.017521720379590988,
0.0900777205824852,
0.0503184050321579,
-0.4457302987575531,
0.6506249904632568,
0.2791628837585449,
0.3383868932723999,
-0.42382028698921204,
-0.4393618404865265,
-0.24674488604068756,
-0.28078144788742065,
0.5496540665626526,
0.518531858921051,
0.16984906792640686,
-0.614037811756134,
-0.9390643835067749,
0.2503008246421814,
-0.11774333566427231,
0.09945973753929138,
-1.1262805461883545,
-0.5080700516700745,
0.3158198595046997,
0.2428380697965622,
0.02253924496471882,
-0.19782309234142303,
-0.2068304866552353,
0.07074640691280365,
0.29978978633880615,
-0.24265609681606293,
0.3390023112297058,
0.33957231044769287,
0.9297727346420288,
-0.5642145276069641,
-0.6175362467765808,
-0.33272162079811096,
-0.02508394420146942,
-0.9434823989868164,
0.2805034816265106,
-0.4681798219680786,
0.10918810963630676,
0.2502579689025879,
-0.5238775014877319,
-0.6737829446792603,
-0.30135178565979004,
-0.4328016936779022,
-0.6334672570228577,
0.03497118502855301,
-0.13038983941078186,
0.6031891107559204,
-0.2824082374572754,
0.946031928062439,
0.28792130947113037,
-0.4760858416557312,
0.36769965291023254,
-0.03600926324725151,
-0.0781111940741539,
0.5040478706359863,
-0.029517360031604767,
-1.0028644800186157,
0.3270883560180664,
0.2228357493877411,
-0.8699591755867004,
-0.29194778203964233,
-0.015207882970571518,
-0.2932935059070587,
-0.5817992091178894,
0.02475099079310894,
-0.18922573328018188,
-0.2414976805448532,
-0.16327719390392303,
-0.2440161108970642,
-0.5556663274765015,
0.465839684009552,
0.157523512840271,
-0.45175886154174805,
0.4191654324531555,
-0.25714167952537537,
0.4399271011352539,
-0.1003832221031189,
-0.41322579979896545,
0.1122419536113739,
0.7011112570762634,
-0.1388251781463623,
-0.016775427386164665,
0.06888960301876068,
-0.3206331133842468,
0.4644554853439331,
0.31282055377960205,
0.9281178712844849,
-0.13261611759662628,
-0.7026083469390869,
-0.5888213515281677,
0.5904565453529358,
0.41662853956222534,
0.5407827496528625,
-0.69931960105896,
0.028830017894506454,
0.4106156527996063,
-0.5082939267158508,
-0.35959944128990173,
-0.08734477311372757,
0.1313127875328064,
-0.2766335606575012,
-0.05809387192130089,
-0.26311707496643066,
-0.07082735002040863,
-0.19791147112846375,
0.571129560470581,
0.2474382221698761,
-0.518133282661438,
0.24293272197246552,
0.12725776433944702,
-0.20845258235931396,
-0.2997974753379822,
-0.2805076539516449,
0.4658544063568115,
-0.5600442290306091,
-0.348430871963501,
-0.3063758313655853,
-0.5117502808570862,
0.4003363847732544,
-0.07219143956899643,
0.36816322803497314,
-0.38681623339653015,
-0.7844706177711487,
1.0638867616653442,
-0.3115399479866028,
-0.04988625645637512,
0.36775636672973633,
0.06099213287234306,
0.07314928621053696,
0.42407742142677307,
-0.3441866338253021,
0.19506360590457916,
0.33149227499961853,
-0.2333405464887619,
0.5683205723762512,
-0.465647429227829,
-0.5297519564628601,
-0.08895736187696457,
0.37686020135879517,
0.1631106287240982,
0.3368190824985504,
0.4017164707183838,
-0.048753101378679276,
0.7736185789108276,
-0.2910589277744293,
-0.5166521072387695,
0.9888290166854858,
0.6374251246452332,
0.2984827756881714,
0.2640440762042999,
0.35673218965530396,
-0.2977031469345093,
-0.26900261640548706,
0.03268733620643616,
0.10915770381689072,
0.06622406840324402,
-0.2103164941072464,
0.6011193990707397,
0.6786668300628662,
-0.1251450479030609,
0.23659594357013702,
0.5019375085830688,
-0.4631648659706116,
-0.08777853101491928,
0.10094892978668213,
-0.04627760872244835,
0.6467567682266235,
0.1662440150976181,
0.045616284012794495,
-0.04490400850772858,
0.7212732434272766,
-0.5771967172622681,
-0.7380115389823914,
-0.029139915481209755,
0.476522833108902,
0.11513135582208633,
0.07448848336935043,
-0.3967919945716858,
0.674790620803833,
-0.39992690086364746,
-0.3899592161178589,
0.14220160245895386,
-0.6288933157920837,
-0.28414708375930786,
0.3015914261341095,
0.7601255178451538,
0.5545863509178162,
-0.31011953949928284,
0.7921544313430786,
-0.3491002917289734,
-0.24580971896648407,
0.3027186691761017,
0.1610950380563736,
0.05185331404209137,
0.4819592535495758,
0.2221904695034027,
0.08016817271709442,
0.022414004430174828,
-0.2934662103652954,
-0.23145291209220886,
-0.09472208470106125,
0.17447632551193237,
-0.1426488608121872,
-0.5367716550827026,
-0.03226828947663307,
-0.184712752699852,
1.1570464372634888,
0.645327091217041,
-0.16058699786663055,
-0.2591753602027893,
-0.023056816309690475,
0.8225854635238647,
0.06254082173109055,
-0.042884230613708496,
0.5532196164131165,
0.09199502319097519,
0.5939478278160095,
0.06409750133752823,
-0.7733539938926697,
0.05563826486468315,
0.2110540121793747,
-0.05216698348522186,
0.577043890953064,
-0.09721174836158752,
-0.21001537144184113,
0.41447436809539795,
-0.5028605461120605,
-0.24167348444461823,
0.24009837210178375,
0.018934166058897972,
-0.8107275366783142,
-0.7571849822998047,
0.637743353843689,
-1.0579386949539185,
0.03721187263727188,
0.182926744222641,
-0.5611571669578552,
0.060820478945970535,
0.40780267119407654,
-0.6341032385826111,
-0.04444499313831329,
0.08395813405513763,
0.8848060369491577,
0.36111098527908325,
-0.0007587262080051005,
0.19981741905212402,
-0.04602116346359253,
-0.6210849285125732,
0.44995611906051636,
-0.09663258492946625,
0.6043061017990112,
-0.3581695258617401,
0.3049595057964325,
-0.560440182685852,
0.32582318782806396,
0.6083347201347351,
0.7235292792320251,
-0.23192885518074036,
0.5174438953399658,
-0.1929568350315094,
1.0594110488891602,
0.5086135864257812,
0.34929293394088745,
-0.3123995363712311,
0.2996896803379059,
-0.2774060070514679,
0.3322794735431671,
0.16848938167095184,
0.4318200349807739,
-0.03973473981022835,
0.05925983190536499,
-0.18270349502563477,
0.4861401617527008,
-0.2445540428161621,
0.28601840138435364,
0.1973777711391449,
0.2262936532497406,
-0.38959693908691406,
0.3039619028568268,
-0.40055620670318604,
0.6644873023033142,
0.5288209319114685,
0.9594839811325073,
-0.082307830452919,
-0.27000075578689575,
-0.730440080165863,
-0.15107625722885132,
0.7050062417984009,
0.4798622727394104,
-0.24768154323101044,
0.20668761432170868,
-0.3309835195541382,
-0.3990032374858856,
-0.5373778343200684,
0.22255893051624298,
0.6032487154006958,
-0.06122975796461105,
0.6023380756378174,
-0.622586727142334,
-0.16986826062202454,
-0.3202314078807831,
-0.36564901471138,
-0.1504620462656021,
0.6680462956428528,
0.3496607542037964
]
|
128355 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elroy%2C%20North%20Carolina | Elroy, North Carolina | Elroy is a census-designated place (CDP) in Wayne County, North Carolina, United States. In 2007, the estimated population was 3,905. It is included in the Goldsboro, North Carolina Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Geography
Elroy is located at (35.334512, -77.926014).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , all of it land.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 3,896 people, 1,534 households, and 1,087 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 606.4 people per square mile (234.3/km2). There were 1,718 housing units at an average density of 267.4 per square mile (103.3/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 70.87% White, 21.20% African American, 0.21% Native American, 1.93% Asian, 4.03% from other races, and 1.77% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.88% of the population.
There were 1,534 households, out of which 33.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.8% were married couples living together, 12.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.1% were non-families. 23.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.54 and the average family size was 2.99.
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 24.9% under the age of 18, 10.5% from 18 to 24, 32.0% from 25 to 44, 23.1% from 45 to 64, and 9.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 104.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.6 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $35,286, and the median income for a family was $37,853. Males had a median income of $25,943 versus $21,776 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $17,197. About 10.1% of families and 11.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.4% of those under age 18 and 14.5% of those age 65 or over.
Education
Education in Elroy is administered by the Wayne County Public School system with children attending schools in nearby townships. Higher education is offered through Wayne Community College in Goldsboro.
Transportation
Passenger
Air: Elroy is served through nearby Kinston Regional Jetport with service to Orlando, Florida. Raleigh-Durham International Airport is the closest major airport with service to more than 45 domestic and international destinations. Goldsboro-Wayne Municipal Airport is an airport located nearby, but is only used for general aviation.
Interstate Highway: I-795 is the closest Interstate to Elroy, which is located 6.5 miles west in Goldsboro.
Elroy is not served directly by passenger trains. The closest Amtrak station is located in Selma.
Bus: The area is served by Greyhound with a location in nearby Goldsboro.
Roads
The main highway in Elroy is US 70. NC 111 also that runs through the area.
References
Census-designated places in North Carolina
Census-designated places in Wayne County, North Carolina | [
-0.9383130669593811,
0.5902317762374878,
0.3849909007549286,
-0.46217918395996094,
0.6396490335464478,
0.23104171454906464,
0.3668862581253052,
0.4147353172302246,
-0.6173104047775269,
0.060260966420173645,
-0.44975295662879944,
0.6225696206092834,
-0.4549427926540375,
0.5972853899002075,
-0.7138121128082275,
1.0823627710342407,
0.4110161364078522,
0.8317129611968994,
0.3780185878276825,
-0.6889606714248657,
-0.08272391557693481,
-0.6079419255256653,
-0.07627231627702713,
0.7149224877357483,
0.3162643313407898,
0.42223799228668213,
0.3822193443775177,
-0.1405205875635147,
0.035497959703207016,
0.39603835344314575,
-0.0754343569278717,
0.7733697891235352,
-0.5670995712280273,
-0.20590724050998688,
0.10993613302707672,
-0.16443586349487305,
-0.3576868176460266,
-0.3120233416557312,
-0.017296459525823593,
-0.1030275821685791,
-0.569290816783905,
-0.06795370578765869,
-0.12875957787036896,
0.28699418902397156,
0.07395591586828232,
-0.39510905742645264,
-1.633608102798462,
0.23170818388462067,
-0.6851056218147278,
-0.43804681301116943,
-0.7927151918411255,
0.17390163242816925,
-0.2929496169090271,
0.28534799814224243,
0.4838934540748596,
0.25622525811195374,
-0.5599345564842224,
0.16317717730998993,
1.0199528932571411,
0.20229564607143402,
0.02447340078651905,
0.3117861747741699,
0.2481270134449005,
0.37477314472198486,
0.1015215516090393,
0.25342804193496704,
-0.023939797654747963,
0.7435566782951355,
-0.13132764399051666,
-0.20799198746681213,
-0.10446298867464066,
0.320959210395813,
-0.1657613217830658,
-0.0544390007853508,
0.05667279660701752,
0.5765690207481384,
-0.18671703338623047,
-0.22271688282489777,
0.12253248691558838,
0.3525542914867401,
0.7426038980484009,
0.030690539628267288,
1.196727991104126,
0.16827043890953064,
0.3567221760749817,
0.5698398947715759,
-0.9143057465553284,
0.8948166370391846,
0.42636507749557495,
-0.008728397078812122,
-0.6670455932617188,
0.026302523910999298,
-0.35794705152511597,
0.1688222736120224,
-0.20814459025859833,
-0.13418032228946686,
-0.23472420871257782,
0.3371995687484741,
-0.28744450211524963,
0.9305920004844666,
0.06133177876472473,
0.573943555355072,
0.8840442895889282,
-0.3520539700984955,
-0.354326069355011,
0.07410740107297897,
-0.40103453397750854,
-0.3717377781867981,
0.21488907933235168,
-0.12792280316352844,
-0.7645558714866638,
0.41221895813941956,
-0.21205592155456543,
-0.63796067237854,
-0.09129376709461212,
0.5090397596359253,
0.21347415447235107,
-0.3503156304359436,
0.10936480760574341,
-0.23902831971645355,
0.5621960759162903,
0.7792982459068298,
-0.4145328104496002,
0.5462391972541809,
0.09745683521032333,
0.36190393567085266,
0.021627727895975113,
0.3703206181526184,
0.08005289733409882,
0.5799514055252075,
-0.28933191299438477,
0.3265380263328552,
-0.012638142332434654,
0.5283495783805847,
-0.34378504753112793,
-0.2375081181526184,
-0.1035572737455368,
0.5313194394111633,
0.8403727412223816,
0.14758217334747314,
-1.351995825767517,
-0.3685201406478882,
-0.30807769298553467,
-0.6049507260322571,
-0.14664801955223083,
-0.3591112792491913,
0.0298948772251606,
-0.3824682831764221,
0.18778400123119354,
0.27974438667297363,
0.34000375866889954,
-0.05655505508184433,
0.07018393278121948,
-0.10140353441238403,
-0.25783851742744446,
0.16499479115009308,
0.31717732548713684,
-0.012333372607827187,
0.5429121255874634,
0.17933380603790283,
-0.06146099045872688,
0.8300818800926208,
0.36861199140548706,
0.2617039382457733,
0.5939838886260986,
0.22325126826763153,
0.6164397597312927,
-0.8214148283004761,
0.989633321762085,
0.4805632531642914,
-0.5215861797332764,
0.29586291313171387,
0.8020823001861572,
-0.11051534861326218,
0.30801868438720703,
-0.42757704854011536,
0.8912278413772583,
0.3338578939437866,
-0.01448645256459713,
-0.13799633085727692,
-0.9696735143661499,
0.04796510934829712,
0.7206413149833679,
-0.21753351390361786,
-0.17677965760231018,
0.5147594213485718,
0.15558038651943207,
-0.29760003089904785,
-0.3927837908267975,
-0.11054717004299164,
0.0893198773264885,
-0.4042428731918335,
0.5234820246696472,
-0.4350414276123047,
0.9671037197113037,
0.13321979343891144,
-0.42560142278671265,
0.6116306185722351,
-0.6474775671958923,
0.4759525954723358,
-0.04432772472500801,
-0.6256464719772339,
0.47991734743118286,
-0.11363781243562698,
0.07175073772668839,
0.1614854633808136,
0.23844562470912933,
0.23712396621704102,
-0.06339117139577866,
0.607194185256958,
-0.09595397114753723,
-0.8081377744674683,
0.20999912917613983,
0.6216384172439575,
-0.698064386844635,
-0.4887372851371765,
-0.004423466511070728,
-0.004442985635250807,
0.39737647771835327,
-0.10222803056240082,
0.38637861609458923,
-0.12654051184654236,
0.2524617910385132,
-0.22375896573066711,
-0.29324695467948914,
0.7043532133102417,
0.2506316006183624,
0.08410932123661041,
-0.21224719285964966,
0.10480702668428421,
0.4332951605319977,
0.3710954487323761,
0.056247152388095856,
-0.9112961292266846,
0.10826928913593292,
-0.43632951378822327,
-0.18760330975055695,
-0.6222444772720337,
0.4798802435398102,
-0.32374176383018494,
-0.03642849251627922,
0.3233945965766907,
-0.9257587194442749,
0.4251664876937866,
0.6225056648254395,
0.11131854355335236,
-0.08719076216220856,
0.09292547404766083,
0.1933484971523285,
-0.5882935523986816,
-0.36037418246269226,
-0.042439259588718414,
0.4174751341342926,
-0.07281190156936646,
0.16418084502220154,
0.08717688173055649,
-0.38291358947753906,
0.5579782128334045,
0.33588552474975586,
0.10270482301712036,
-0.2350527048110962,
0.21853215992450714,
-0.4714951515197754,
-0.08375229686498642,
0.37683919072151184,
-0.3190923035144806,
-0.4606703221797943,
-0.6253849267959595,
0.18579412996768951,
0.41486451029777527,
0.32569223642349243,
-0.0921432226896286,
-0.20282499492168427,
-0.04623156413435936,
0.6462692618370056,
0.695509135723114,
-0.018587397411465645,
-0.4591529667377472,
-0.7573599219322205,
-0.05089934170246124,
0.14412303268909454,
1.145982027053833,
-0.5846537351608276,
-0.6260639429092407,
0.0623299814760685,
-0.7967276573181152,
0.6783210635185242,
-0.3009277880191803,
-0.5473751425743103,
-0.6243897676467896,
-0.2633139193058014,
-0.10865671187639236,
-0.05886836722493172,
1.2991381883621216,
-0.43115830421447754,
0.1928388774394989,
0.0802331417798996,
0.2958269417285919,
0.12182661145925522,
-0.4713887572288513,
-0.34397196769714355,
-0.19299821555614471,
-0.4068530797958374,
0.2273366004228592,
0.2839773893356323,
-0.7699928879737854,
0.3872530162334442,
-0.013186442665755749,
-4.748920917510986,
0.4529884159564972,
-0.5268160104751587,
0.16250114142894745,
0.08270853012800217,
-0.25126874446868896,
0.45460838079452515,
-0.12389250844717026,
0.2320639044046402,
0.8853319883346558,
-0.44157037138938904,
-0.6486440896987915,
-0.043532948940992355,
0.6776807308197021,
0.8226305842399597,
0.808772087097168,
1.043420672416687,
-0.3471175730228424,
0.6623353362083435,
0.1928231567144394,
-0.42924949526786804,
0.13648168742656708,
-0.5275055170059204,
-0.09900615364313126,
0.8058986663818359,
0.6145948171615601,
0.006910049356520176,
-0.6869903802871704,
-0.5480551719665527,
0.11687774956226349,
0.34804466366767883,
0.04969135671854019,
-0.5005015134811401,
-0.3693723678588867,
0.2122524529695511,
-0.2889644205570221,
0.48789864778518677,
-0.20153677463531494,
-0.11791326850652695,
-0.5385807156562805,
0.22130705416202545,
0.8094511032104492,
-0.8955751061439514,
-0.5505594611167908,
0.8876768946647644,
-0.3441520035266876,
-0.4667111337184906,
-0.2660355865955353,
0.16225354373455048,
0.3924655616283417,
-0.25128838419914246,
-0.28307774662971497,
0.8087738752365112,
0.1191474050283432,
0.5708873867988586,
-0.30292031168937683,
0.4493265151977539,
-0.12361794710159302,
-0.4308125078678131,
0.7193223237991333,
0.43743792176246643,
-0.8117973804473877,
-0.23450525104999542,
0.005053148604929447,
0.017171353101730347,
-0.23813028633594513,
0.46323609352111816,
-0.3373074233531952,
0.536372721195221,
-0.09978172928094864,
-0.17797580361366272,
0.5177234411239624,
-0.29548409581184387,
-0.6593246459960938,
0.49046793580055237,
-0.3976139724254608,
-0.4537237286567688,
0.061044082045555115,
-0.7179546356201172,
-0.4580118656158447,
-0.3129664361476898,
0.020163558423519135,
0.12474421411752701,
0.6957608461380005,
0.019302526488900185,
-0.2775613069534302,
-0.15301430225372314,
0.07576050609350204,
-0.4575594961643219,
-0.30412375926971436,
0.7617480158805847,
0.41869235038757324,
0.6742499470710754,
0.10500957071781158,
-0.17479005455970764,
0.40142372250556946,
0.4947039783000946,
0.11160150170326233,
0.021989623084664345,
-0.5160804390907288,
0.5541078448295593,
-0.4303499460220337,
0.08217381685972214,
-0.030606690794229507,
-0.1543317288160324,
-0.532645583152771,
0.3120661675930023,
-0.05450553074479103,
0.5277354717254639,
-0.6043758988380432,
-0.41549035906791687,
-0.16706745326519012,
-0.18154942989349365,
0.39868783950805664,
0.7020950317382812,
0.016590412706136703,
-0.03297995775938034,
0.8172792196273804,
0.415270060300827,
0.04450079798698425,
0.18098919093608856,
0.14176344871520996,
-0.2701648771762848,
-0.235041543841362,
-0.3886471390724182,
-0.7823365330696106,
0.719004213809967,
-0.013574226759374142,
-0.993206262588501,
0.6499434113502502,
-0.10413005948066711,
-0.09727378934621811,
-0.8026877641677856,
-0.374198853969574,
-0.6117154359817505,
-0.12160350382328033,
-0.508444607257843,
-1.230639934539795,
0.3130894601345062,
0.660280704498291,
0.5216701626777649,
-0.24154417216777802,
-0.48684966564178467,
0.2349245399236679,
-0.31183871626853943,
-0.1129225566983223,
0.4515668749809265,
0.10214325785636902,
-1.0575612783432007,
0.43285712599754333,
-0.35320788621902466,
-0.2627391517162323,
-0.5359093546867371,
-0.5491942763328552,
0.3258935809135437,
-0.49457237124443054,
0.26550403237342834,
0.09176458418369293,
0.40741077065467834,
-0.5353813767433167,
0.22118395566940308,
0.31756582856178284,
-0.6623580455780029,
0.6998136043548584,
0.19199983775615692,
-0.28802505135536194,
-1.0926686525344849,
-0.19229517877101898,
-0.1719699203968048,
0.44787558913230896,
0.4465363621711731,
-0.4721289873123169,
-0.23109795153141022,
-0.5355859398841858,
0.35393989086151123,
-0.6831982135772705,
-0.23864206671714783,
0.061581045389175415,
-0.04297424107789993,
-0.5701901912689209,
-0.0945097804069519,
-0.032382916659116745,
-0.8506090641021729,
0.0006762396078556776,
0.522104024887085,
-0.6951324939727783,
-0.15751060843467712,
-0.16650038957595825,
0.09995701164007187,
0.14911821484565735,
0.0015022578882053494,
-0.4670272171497345,
0.13228702545166016,
-0.33361953496932983,
-0.3170715570449829,
-0.5326898694038391,
0.4324771761894226,
-0.6617895364761353,
-0.26996326446533203,
-0.7057307362556458,
0.04094667732715607,
0.5838560461997986,
-0.33691033720970154,
0.3414590060710907,
-0.7976979613304138,
-1.309683918952942,
0.2658381760120392,
0.561519980430603,
-1.4393702745437622,
1.2279052734375,
-0.1843048334121704,
-0.5207438468933105,
0.5376613140106201,
0.2812892496585846,
-0.1323416382074356,
0.25471585988998413,
0.04893152788281441,
-0.16313959658145905,
-0.5981489419937134,
0.055480923503637314,
-0.523218035697937,
-0.02210504561662674,
0.029945334419608116,
-0.5980181097984314,
-0.4631666839122772,
0.31161585450172424,
0.6263370513916016,
-0.3578309416770935,
1.0360645055770874,
-0.39693763852119446,
-0.08931101113557816,
0.30342957377433777,
0.10516040027141571,
0.24477127194404602,
0.11822081357240677,
0.27276086807250977,
-0.6434624791145325,
-0.49920719861984253,
0.7154069542884827,
0.09474650770425797,
0.3563530147075653,
0.5717127919197083,
0.24740779399871826,
-0.7553886771202087,
-0.2234518975019455,
-0.2614356279373169,
0.8440236449241638,
-0.5815432071685791,
-1.030666470527649,
0.7318958640098572,
0.8721562623977661,
-0.6400191783905029,
-0.7278346419334412,
-0.05114222690463066,
1.1565065383911133,
-0.41184282302856445,
0.10735195875167847,
0.629874587059021,
-0.3185501992702484,
0.2350618541240692,
0.2846783995628357,
-0.07060543447732925,
-0.36015260219573975,
-0.1564115732908249,
0.6253799796104431,
-0.3531970679759979,
-0.2046915888786316,
-0.502051055431366,
0.6267637610435486,
-0.3362843692302704,
-0.4147600829601288,
-0.33411726355552673,
0.368985116481781,
0.588575005531311,
-0.7925950884819031,
0.10042747110128403,
0.015971705317497253,
-0.9242082834243774,
0.20919999480247498,
0.08498840034008026,
-0.5491933822631836,
-0.23168739676475525,
-0.07427481561899185,
-0.08593050390481949,
-0.059897530823946,
-0.7412329912185669,
-0.3196435868740082,
-0.43322858214378357,
-0.7579349875450134,
0.19687026739120483,
0.10360855609178543,
0.5376657843589783,
-0.09488995373249054,
-0.9081072807312012,
-0.06842835247516632,
0.6898013949394226,
0.20456013083457947,
0.1590023785829544,
-0.47532787919044495,
0.21845681965351105,
-1.291340708732605,
1.327332615852356,
-0.6035496592521667,
-0.884788453578949,
0.3696304261684418,
-0.14898784458637238,
-0.007915664464235306,
-0.41574516892433167,
0.2792615592479706,
0.09820757806301117,
0.14469902217388153,
-0.07061639428138733,
0.012206440791487694,
1.1865062713623047,
-0.48752808570861816,
0.5308275818824768,
0.7280395030975342,
-0.6466464400291443,
-0.13481298089027405,
0.22719721496105194,
-0.07504789531230927,
0.5021104216575623,
0.43928876519203186,
0.8027446866035461,
0.011837017722427845,
1.3593616485595703,
0.05646883696317673,
0.654271125793457,
-0.3979334235191345,
0.3414073884487152,
-0.08022905886173248,
-0.9748355150222778,
-1.0013058185577393,
0.11202085018157959,
-0.8078042268753052,
-0.459137499332428,
-0.052233897149562836,
-0.328268826007843,
-0.732004702091217,
0.8978026509284973,
-0.1213819608092308,
0.4949709475040436,
0.1783142238855362,
-0.23930029571056366,
-0.07748695462942123,
-0.22375711798667908,
-0.2375938594341278,
0.15008363127708435,
0.018344102427363396,
-0.6229825615882874,
-0.14096257090568542,
-0.24413250386714935,
-0.20904844999313354,
-1.2447099685668945,
-0.844277560710907,
0.04126716032624245,
-0.008205601014196873,
-0.34805193543434143,
-0.8596290946006775,
0.3048732280731201,
-0.14550575613975525,
-0.007431497797369957,
0.8563806414604187,
0.13823425769805908,
-0.39390337467193604,
-0.388423353433609,
0.8473540544509888,
0.32165762782096863,
-0.31380292773246765,
1.1475787162780762,
0.5030671954154968,
0.07156555354595184,
0.2381017506122589,
0.2902827262878418,
0.1486353874206543,
0.761874794960022,
0.2872835099697113,
0.446323424577713,
-0.16170595586299896,
0.32527342438697815,
-0.30642202496528625,
0.2125491499900818,
-0.6272813081741333,
-0.4290095567703247,
0.21222156286239624,
-0.31903254985809326,
-0.6676713824272156,
0.32932087779045105,
0.07562974095344543,
-0.19878371059894562,
0.1377038210630417,
-0.14883042871952057,
-0.16432172060012817,
0.3162527084350586,
-0.31247350573539734,
-0.22725610435009003,
0.3282258212566376,
0.722930908203125,
0.7936105728149414,
0.010871469974517822,
0.577883243560791,
0.4282023310661316,
0.012090076692402363,
-0.30837804079055786,
-0.10925785452127457,
0.5878005623817444,
-0.7914097309112549,
0.6368731260299683,
-0.5259283781051636,
0.48144277930259705,
0.009243502281606197,
0.5608093738555908,
-0.1322060078382492,
0.6778292655944824,
-0.18527176976203918,
-0.2846907377243042,
0.6068507432937622,
-0.026957957074046135,
-0.5394657254219055,
-0.1834551990032196,
0.037012968212366104,
0.10883583873510361,
0.3001091480255127,
0.6221368312835693,
0.1515072137117386,
-0.37029460072517395,
-0.19709132611751556,
-0.16541366279125214,
-0.6056570410728455,
0.18024829030036926,
0.46405643224716187,
-1.3264362812042236,
-0.20891223847866058,
0.043804872781038284,
-0.1132005825638771,
-0.39967456459999084,
-0.2850227952003479,
0.9214197993278503,
0.8329448103904724,
-0.42151737213134766,
0.21989990770816803,
-0.4198169410228729,
0.10927283018827438,
-0.128459170460701,
-0.08969764411449432,
0.29528534412384033,
-1.1757068634033203,
-0.8325791954994202,
-0.22376933693885803,
0.3630300760269165,
-0.2578277885913849,
-0.9305710792541504,
-0.1557290107011795,
0.1034766361117363,
0.17489738762378693,
-0.13455449044704437,
-0.04793337732553482,
-0.5367663502693176,
0.36304569244384766,
-0.33653759956359863
]
|
128356 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eureka%2C%20North%20Carolina | Eureka, North Carolina | Eureka is a town in Wayne County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 197 at the 2010 census. It is included in the Goldsboro, North Carolina Metropolitan Statistical Area.
History
The Eureka United Methodist Church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.
Geography
Eureka is located at (35.541699, -77.879121).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , all of it land.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 244 people, 108 households, and 72 families residing in the town. The population density was 683.5 people per square mile (261.7/km2). There were 124 housing units at an average density of 347.3 per square mile (133.0/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 76.23% White and 23.77% African American. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.69% of the population.
There were 108 households, out of which 21.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.9% were married couples living together, 12.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.3% were non-families. 32.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.24 and the average family size was 2.79.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 19.3% under the age of 18, 7.0% from 18 to 24, 23.4% from 25 to 44, 26.2% from 45 to 64, and 24.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 45 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 80.7 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $29,545, and the median income for a family was $36,250. Males had a median income of $26,500 versus $31,875 for females. The per capita income for the town was $14,396. About 9.1% of families and 11.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.8% of those under the age of eighteen and 13.0% of those 65 or over.
Education
Education in Eureka is administered by the Wayne County Public School system with children attending schools in nearby townships. Higher education is offered through Wayne Community College in Goldsboro.
Transportation
Passenger
Air: Eureka is served through nearby Kinston Regional Jetport with service to Orlando, Florida. Raleigh-Durham International Airport is the closest major airport with service to more than 45 domestic and international destinations. Goldsboro-Wayne Municipal Airport is an airport located nearby, but is only used for general aviation.
Interstate Highway: I-795 is the closest Interstate to Eureka, which is located 6.5 miles west in Fremont.
Eureka is not served directly by passenger trains. The closest Amtrak station is located in Wilson.
Bus: The area is served by Greyhound with a location in nearby Goldsboro.
Roads
The main highways in Eureka are NC 111 and NC 222.
References
Towns in North Carolina
Towns in Wayne County, North Carolina | [
-0.26883476972579956,
0.4269842207431793,
0.1443489044904709,
-0.3309064507484436,
0.4145183563232422,
0.3722792863845825,
0.9172333478927612,
0.5745759606361389,
-0.8516135811805725,
0.16266648471355438,
-0.2564082443714142,
0.18126536905765533,
-0.7532821893692017,
1.2254698276519775,
-0.9072785377502441,
0.5075567960739136,
0.27439427375793457,
0.7066861391067505,
0.14996328949928284,
-0.5297319889068604,
0.0525040328502655,
-0.4405233561992645,
0.29640012979507446,
0.47687506675720215,
0.30792370438575745,
-0.11195535212755203,
0.2968153953552246,
0.08068694174289703,
0.18983225524425507,
0.03560299426317215,
-0.584998369216919,
0.3509920537471771,
-0.15733081102371216,
0.10327425599098206,
0.09463980048894882,
-0.1647365391254425,
-0.14816461503505707,
0.1649622917175293,
0.16252440214157104,
-0.26114216446876526,
-0.44132038950920105,
-0.3767295777797699,
0.03480174392461777,
-0.4660612642765045,
0.23587381839752197,
-0.6407580971717834,
-1.4751019477844238,
0.29086610674858093,
-0.8104311227798462,
-0.9545361399650574,
-0.4990149736404419,
0.30755189061164856,
-0.0955253317952156,
0.4954506754875183,
0.5659929513931274,
0.49311962723731995,
-0.23925307393074036,
0.2776096761226654,
0.6491761803627014,
0.5474542379379272,
-0.4768666923046112,
-0.02550715208053589,
0.576496958732605,
0.4382036328315735,
-0.10965577512979507,
-0.12178509682416916,
-0.3692588806152344,
0.6429274678230286,
0.1277688443660736,
-0.6714910268783569,
-0.2941029667854309,
-0.05559596046805382,
-0.10208586603403091,
0.05715102329850197,
0.14835934340953827,
0.7556400895118713,
-0.4516863524913788,
-0.5226978659629822,
0.09551416337490082,
-0.007499652449041605,
0.4372389614582062,
0.16792339086532593,
0.8061816692352295,
-0.1286230981349945,
0.7046608328819275,
0.40843769907951355,
-1.0659066438674927,
0.39345160126686096,
0.5914373993873596,
0.6923589110374451,
-0.8240814805030823,
0.09304601699113846,
-0.3040418326854706,
-0.24943815171718597,
-0.11217290163040161,
0.04505172744393349,
0.03987378254532814,
0.15773895382881165,
-0.5493856072425842,
0.3044443726539612,
-0.5268484354019165,
0.18354034423828125,
1.3824015855789185,
-0.049342263489961624,
0.0746411681175232,
-0.27938103675842285,
-0.5150038003921509,
-0.18363742530345917,
-0.15054184198379517,
-0.17527137696743011,
-0.8140252828598022,
0.27736881375312805,
0.06724391877651215,
-0.5183694362640381,
-0.580007016658783,
0.3767051100730896,
0.3512527048587799,
-0.633290708065033,
0.42967405915260315,
0.0024209925904870033,
0.480767160654068,
0.3925383985042572,
-0.305346816778183,
0.46700558066368103,
-0.1440930962562561,
0.2873368561267853,
-0.18974290788173676,
-0.2116640955209732,
0.2209339439868927,
0.4122335612773895,
-0.4721132516860962,
0.3872967064380646,
0.061854466795921326,
0.25888773798942566,
-0.04062430188059807,
-0.05602561682462692,
0.021199913695454597,
-0.2253728061914444,
0.3340817987918854,
0.3717154264450073,
-0.7519773840904236,
0.09837458282709122,
-0.24299921095371246,
0.12262003123760223,
-0.30813002586364746,
0.01566453091800213,
-0.39720696210861206,
0.02159232646226883,
-0.052406489849090576,
0.07012135535478592,
-0.3778097927570343,
-0.07501281052827835,
0.2930375933647156,
0.40444621443748474,
-0.3932444155216217,
0.012203022837638855,
0.788784384727478,
0.2916494905948639,
0.4001987874507904,
0.33810076117515564,
0.09317567944526672,
1.076210856437683,
1.003629446029663,
0.27603331208229065,
0.3678882122039795,
0.0986752137541771,
0.8281037211418152,
-0.13387586176395416,
-0.03573739528656006,
0.21881400048732758,
-0.45193228125572205,
0.4546250104904175,
0.6093621253967285,
-0.11863984912633896,
0.3156079351902008,
-0.756622314453125,
0.7361618876457214,
0.09434431046247482,
-0.23774610459804535,
-0.031188977882266045,
-0.8516077399253845,
0.23576948046684265,
0.28301116824150085,
0.23608288168907166,
-0.43826884031295776,
0.13039347529411316,
0.3199640214443207,
-0.43457940220832825,
-0.40590131282806396,
-0.6581081748008728,
-0.14607840776443481,
-0.2064635306596756,
0.20537413656711578,
0.031718168407678604,
0.18426400423049927,
0.11096996068954468,
-0.45641714334487915,
0.28767845034599304,
-0.25506606698036194,
0.024102700874209404,
0.3922116756439209,
-0.34460175037384033,
0.3529113233089447,
-0.4569069445133209,
-0.018308838829398155,
0.36252641677856445,
0.3664380609989166,
0.11513880640268326,
0.019765859469771385,
0.6738269925117493,
-0.2029309868812561,
-1.0513869524002075,
-0.14385148882865906,
0.7450438141822815,
-0.7282819151878357,
-0.49173349142074585,
-0.13880816102027893,
-0.3143391013145447,
0.3800375759601593,
0.10480241477489471,
0.47294577956199646,
0.02675783820450306,
-0.0013429973041638732,
-0.4787660539150238,
-0.11456727981567383,
0.907839298248291,
0.4275113344192505,
-0.007118705660104752,
-0.2964143455028534,
0.23583659529685974,
-0.10907787829637527,
0.2279575616121292,
0.12769122421741486,
-0.6594043970108032,
0.12194710224866867,
-0.2235097736120224,
-0.3969530165195465,
-0.4522317349910736,
0.12610119581222534,
-0.7111000418663025,
-0.052243128418922424,
0.4035460948944092,
-0.695793092250824,
0.5254094004631042,
0.13747642934322357,
0.15811745822429657,
-0.2945777475833893,
-0.06106535717844963,
0.00304781855084002,
-0.28232717514038086,
0.027650918811559677,
0.21424801647663116,
0.26246514916419983,
0.3717572093009949,
-0.28082603216171265,
-0.29006946086883545,
-0.38465195894241333,
0.19583994150161743,
0.7315208911895752,
0.337573766708374,
0.09667183458805084,
0.29866915941238403,
-0.1369139403104782,
-0.24059545993804932,
0.3842509686946869,
-0.6774414777755737,
-0.8121646642684937,
-0.11470911651849747,
-0.1729746013879776,
0.5648722052574158,
0.6006618142127991,
-0.3811284899711609,
0.2778986096382141,
-0.2555312216281891,
0.9872432947158813,
0.21748419106006622,
-0.1728367954492569,
-0.35402604937553406,
-1.0209674835205078,
0.12842661142349243,
0.006956369616091251,
0.5225310921669006,
-0.2778301537036896,
-0.12831871211528778,
0.35850515961647034,
-0.914073646068573,
1.2701157331466675,
-0.5017952919006348,
-0.32560256123542786,
-0.4188624918460846,
-0.4119732975959778,
-0.2745250165462494,
-0.16192983090877533,
0.5786293745040894,
-0.3335754871368408,
0.08747120201587677,
0.4584823548793793,
0.06786227226257324,
0.15032972395420074,
-0.4534042179584503,
-0.6192111372947693,
0.6850241422653198,
-0.1789119690656662,
0.11823638528585434,
0.3642565608024597,
-0.42455896735191345,
0.5708480477333069,
-0.2807826101779938,
-4.7187042236328125,
0.4036709666252136,
-0.3337172567844391,
-0.34903913736343384,
0.28406041860580444,
-0.500800609588623,
0.3431388735771179,
-0.11542099714279175,
-0.19939139485359192,
0.47014063596725464,
-0.06228680536150932,
-0.3706793189048767,
-0.5264962911605835,
0.834618330001831,
0.5052093267440796,
0.4284490942955017,
0.677173376083374,
-0.15585418045520782,
0.9413184523582458,
0.5114201307296753,
-0.6901844143867493,
-0.09262985736131668,
-0.18506059050559998,
-0.2956587076187134,
0.4453234374523163,
0.6289489269256592,
-0.18199291825294495,
-0.618575930595398,
-0.5044068694114685,
0.30137351155281067,
-0.18993481993675232,
0.039837948977947235,
-1.258931040763855,
-0.06527229398488998,
0.4084796607494354,
-0.23700189590454102,
0.36636868119239807,
-0.5851990580558777,
0.5441276431083679,
-0.15790072083473206,
0.6719133257865906,
0.4897196292877197,
-1.1361088752746582,
-0.10279792547225952,
0.3790687620639801,
-0.3787400722503662,
-0.5511310696601868,
0.02251151204109192,
-0.2155069261789322,
0.9213322997093201,
0.08175771683454514,
0.007455685641616583,
1.146645426750183,
-0.38075944781303406,
0.5028480291366577,
0.1470557600259781,
0.2670336067676544,
-0.004197589587420225,
-0.406504362821579,
1.1229408979415894,
-0.012356440536677837,
-0.8056445121765137,
0.07082591205835342,
0.2517271041870117,
-0.32619327306747437,
-0.44650864601135254,
-0.01850985549390316,
-0.14934347569942474,
0.774169921875,
-0.2994508743286133,
0.12968622148036957,
0.27891477942466736,
-0.47973549365997314,
-0.6254976987838745,
0.019153179600834846,
-0.5435073971748352,
-0.5604544878005981,
-0.28642538189888,
-0.5243176817893982,
-0.14828531444072723,
0.18616633117198944,
-0.09896495938301086,
1.074705958366394,
0.5730763673782349,
0.15974833071231842,
-0.40510818362236023,
-0.4010452330112457,
0.35224035382270813,
-0.3264608681201935,
-0.24603509902954102,
0.3726704716682434,
0.055509909987449646,
0.6014569997787476,
-0.3896165192127228,
-0.06424859911203384,
0.5275291800498962,
0.5140542984008789,
-0.08267241716384888,
-0.5897025465965271,
-0.29678329825401306,
0.18389998376369476,
-0.5765045881271362,
-0.027583720162510872,
-0.1315293163061142,
-0.8470269441604614,
-0.24959909915924072,
-0.19056318700313568,
0.4908301532268524,
0.5293278098106384,
-0.4245206415653229,
-0.42736855149269104,
-0.13784100115299225,
0.12340976297855377,
-0.1957833468914032,
0.8806236982345581,
-0.5686584711074829,
0.37886372208595276,
0.8892256617546082,
0.09291841089725494,
0.09372608363628387,
0.21520428359508514,
-0.05047106370329857,
-0.717008650302887,
-0.6125666499137878,
-0.3175649046897888,
-0.35943055152893066,
0.8053950071334839,
0.06097673624753952,
-0.2567460536956787,
0.6766822338104248,
-0.935352087020874,
-0.40103477239608765,
-0.4980097711086273,
-0.0843462273478508,
-0.6837377548217773,
-0.05843900516629219,
-0.4837466776371002,
-1.1875370740890503,
-0.06774286925792694,
0.639668345451355,
0.2345839887857437,
0.44479072093963623,
-0.8157088160514832,
0.48122766613960266,
-0.2546186149120331,
-0.3553299605846405,
0.670988917350769,
0.3587769865989685,
-0.9169446229934692,
0.1902294009923935,
-0.5397732853889465,
-0.6306750774383545,
-0.37417322397232056,
-0.7766641974449158,
0.13898111879825592,
0.1672947108745575,
0.532293975353241,
0.21593953669071198,
0.5871385335922241,
-0.23167908191680908,
0.37893640995025635,
0.11650936305522919,
-0.8073430061340332,
0.5916799902915955,
0.16491854190826416,
-0.23721608519554138,
-0.3316093981266022,
0.3210768699645996,
-0.327648401260376,
-0.05343686789274216,
0.49708518385887146,
-0.6053930521011353,
0.1342126429080963,
-0.3467898964881897,
0.28900426626205444,
-0.018739935010671616,
0.18234975636005402,
0.13160060346126556,
-0.1126830130815506,
-0.21263934671878815,
-0.3157394528388977,
-0.3710770606994629,
-1.4056134223937988,
-0.17565873265266418,
-0.17151054739952087,
-0.43609514832496643,
-0.009118210524320602,
-0.38300248980522156,
0.15588244795799255,
0.11592260748147964,
0.04018712043762207,
-0.2108093947172165,
0.41066867113113403,
0.3674391806125641,
-0.128963902592659,
-0.39433637261390686,
0.36723586916923523,
-0.7631754279136658,
-0.08994279056787491,
-0.5197811126708984,
0.23333387076854706,
0.5495424270629883,
-0.5149981379508972,
0.08953739702701569,
-0.13194644451141357,
-0.9302018880844116,
0.764630138874054,
0.47263696789741516,
-0.5299699306488037,
1.1913193464279175,
0.018664801493287086,
-0.5435124635696411,
0.48748669028282166,
0.8923153877258301,
-0.17480993270874023,
0.1515832245349884,
0.5894667506217957,
0.0999155044555664,
-0.6014770269393921,
0.04859287664294243,
-0.5300629734992981,
0.13752961158752441,
-0.2912272810935974,
-0.8797143697738647,
-0.4032393991947174,
0.3137311339378357,
0.1779513955116272,
-0.1850072592496872,
1.0859957933425903,
-0.4380968511104584,
-0.2779276669025421,
0.12093106657266617,
0.13244257867336273,
0.3642103672027588,
-0.2338554561138153,
-0.2266732156276703,
-0.15437276661396027,
-0.44614505767822266,
-0.004232690669596195,
-0.6923710703849792,
0.43711763620376587,
0.7572582364082336,
0.3156808614730835,
-0.5133888125419617,
-0.5237833857536316,
-0.5874820947647095,
1.1571441888809204,
-0.03820262849330902,
-1.1875766515731812,
0.5162909626960754,
1.0586658716201782,
-0.4893999397754669,
-1.117956519126892,
0.26540666818618774,
0.7142332196235657,
-0.2025824338197708,
0.26088768243789673,
0.8347923159599304,
-0.009084876626729965,
-0.09416463226079941,
0.5223314762115479,
-0.25335493683815,
0.17188763618469238,
-0.29414424300193787,
0.42341864109039307,
-0.2015105038881302,
-0.3506730794906616,
-0.44101443886756897,
0.4854316711425781,
-0.43309733271598816,
-0.39886951446533203,
-0.053391195833683014,
0.13318952918052673,
0.43129763007164,
-0.40212321281433105,
0.3673468828201294,
0.034836545586586,
-0.7109273076057434,
-0.15267226099967957,
0.5842172503471375,
-0.39796915650367737,
-0.5594960451126099,
-0.2555386424064636,
-0.033118218183517456,
0.04258556663990021,
-0.7454915642738342,
-0.07691165804862976,
0.012174081988632679,
-0.6280471086502075,
0.20655573904514313,
-0.2857735753059387,
0.2171327769756317,
0.42112457752227783,
-1.1057417392730713,
-0.23430337011814117,
0.5575836896896362,
0.4073934853076935,
0.8342180848121643,
0.27341586351394653,
0.35044288635253906,
-1.336814284324646,
0.874174177646637,
-0.1319214254617691,
-0.47740688920021057,
0.6038662791252136,
-0.2828287184238434,
-1.1478341817855835,
-0.5299848318099976,
0.5530532002449036,
0.18497177958488464,
-0.5437026023864746,
0.1586591899394989,
0.3057025074958801,
0.9171774983406067,
-0.3861628472805023,
0.27586790919303894,
0.5371792912483215,
-0.5013390779495239,
-0.4477125406265259,
0.4233289062976837,
-0.1838950365781784,
0.5143204927444458,
0.7992374300956726,
0.5876523852348328,
-0.11004826426506042,
1.1317049264907837,
-0.008869429118931293,
0.905167281627655,
-0.1611449420452118,
-0.08998480439186096,
0.2038152664899826,
-0.9408495426177979,
-0.21427403390407562,
0.3353215456008911,
-0.337794691324234,
-0.44318118691444397,
-0.01548021286725998,
-0.4340584874153137,
-0.859361469745636,
0.3492823839187622,
-0.12240395694971085,
0.13657961785793304,
0.6171885132789612,
0.06736456602811813,
0.0841827243566513,
-0.619488000869751,
-0.012123229913413525,
0.05876120552420616,
0.04076765850186348,
-0.6898402571678162,
0.1959223598241806,
-0.041766006499528885,
-0.13393978774547577,
-0.5103093385696411,
-0.4603111445903778,
-0.3789467215538025,
0.9571524262428284,
-0.39044326543807983,
-0.957788348197937,
-0.213527649641037,
-0.23589865863323212,
-0.27863171696662903,
0.8740646243095398,
0.31150713562965393,
-0.05727563053369522,
0.16709093749523163,
0.9153223633766174,
0.19981138408184052,
-0.4669373035430908,
0.8165571093559265,
0.6582269072532654,
0.22472703456878662,
0.45264095067977905,
1.104062557220459,
0.3927789628505707,
0.7648045420646667,
0.15564051270484924,
0.6663912534713745,
-0.4703417718410492,
0.2813010513782501,
-0.1860581636428833,
-0.2168767899274826,
-0.42488712072372437,
0.019561635330319405,
-0.18743589520454407,
-0.5409330129623413,
-0.4419662356376648,
-0.20471535623073578,
-0.09969406574964523,
-0.13547073304653168,
-0.26029473543167114,
0.3145827054977417,
0.2612728178501129,
-0.16281676292419434,
0.440298467874527,
0.5133569240570068,
0.11810048669576645,
0.6673497557640076,
0.2826431393623352,
0.3839285969734192,
0.49621328711509705,
0.118759386241436,
0.04850191995501518,
-0.2925034165382385,
0.051417239010334015,
0.029050908982753754,
-0.5176196098327637,
0.8042309284210205,
-1.241422414779663,
0.3463209271430969,
-0.15573179721832275,
0.6493949294090271,
-0.14254680275917053,
1.0031399726867676,
-0.661758303642273,
0.06292914599180222,
1.05945885181427,
0.02089708484709263,
-0.5042461156845093,
0.07372885197401047,
0.09358298778533936,
-0.4939715266227722,
0.28725138306617737,
0.4705372154712677,
-0.057919569313526154,
-0.5154902338981628,
-0.0478200726211071,
-0.20106884837150574,
-0.9051238298416138,
-0.13428358733654022,
0.04267837107181549,
-1.3844550848007202,
0.16115835309028625,
-0.1612216830253601,
-0.9445275068283081,
-0.4793858528137207,
-0.28111422061920166,
1.69599449634552,
0.3776692748069763,
-0.7391383647918701,
-0.2126162350177765,
-0.49618643522262573,
0.014944394119083881,
0.0130858663469553,
0.3111986517906189,
0.22761069238185883,
-1.061371088027954,
-0.5615361332893372,
-0.20448465645313263,
0.17582441866397858,
-0.5060445666313171,
-0.38798028230667114,
0.188060462474823,
-0.12321731448173523,
0.4049864709377289,
0.2711118459701538,
0.1967233270406723,
-0.43797212839126587,
0.7885590195655823,
-0.08540703356266022
]
|
128357 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuffield%20College%2C%20Oxford | Nuffield College, Oxford | Nuffield College () is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England. It is a graduate college and specialises in the social sciences, particularly economics, politics and sociology. Nuffield is one of Oxford's newer colleges, having been founded in 1937, as well as one of the smallest, with around 75 postgraduate students and 60 academic fellows. It was also the first Oxford college to accept both men and women, having been coeducational since its foundation.
Its architecture is designed to conform to the traditional college layout and its modernist spire is a landmark for those approaching Oxford from the west.
As of 2018, the college had an estimated financial endowment of Β£233.6m. Due to its small intake, it was the wealthiest educational institution per student in the world as of 2013. Since 2017, Nuffield has committed to underwriting funding for all new students accepted to the college.
History
Nuffield College was founded in 1937 after a donation to the University of Oxford by Lord Nuffield, the industrialist and founder of Morris Motors. On 16 November 1937, the University entered a Deed of Covenant and Trust with Lord Nuffield. He donated land for the college on New Road, to the west of the city centre near the mound of Oxford Castle, on the site of the largely disused basin of the Oxford Canal. As well as the land, Nuffield gave Β£900,000 to build the college and to provide it with an endowment. For the creation of Nuffield College and for his other donations he was described in 1949 by an editorial in The Times as "the greatest benefactor of the University since the Middle Ages".
From its inception, Nuffield College initiated a number of trends at both Oxford and Cambridge. It was the first college to have both women and men housed together. It was also the first college to consist solely of graduate students. In addition, it was the first in modern times to have a defined subject focus, namely the social sciences.
Nuffield appointed its first fellows in 1939, but the outbreak of World War II meant that the college's construction did not begin until 1949. During the War, Nuffield hosted the Nuffield College Social Reconstruction Survey, which examined issues related to post-War reconstruction. Nuffield admitted its first students in 1945, and received its Royal Charter from the hands of the Duke of Edinburgh on 6 June 1958.
Buildings
Nuffield is located on the site of the basin of the Oxford Canal to the west of Oxford. The land on which the college stands was formerly the city's principal canal basin and coal wharfs.
The architect Austen Harrison, who had worked in Greece and Palestine, was appointed by the University to design the buildings. His initial design, heavily influenced by Mediterranean architecture, was rejected by Nuffield, who called it "un-English" and refused to allow his name to be associated with it. Harrison reworked the plans, aiming for "something on the lines of Cotswold domestic architecture", as Nuffield wanted. The plans were approved by Lord Nuffield in 1940. Construction of the college began after the war in 1949. Restrictions on construction after the Second World War meant that work on the college was not completed until 1960. The original plan for the college to occupy land on both sides of Worcester Street was scaled down as a result of budget and material shortages, and to this day the land to the west of the college is occupied by a "temporary" car park. In one change, the tower, which had been planned to be ornamental, was redesigned to hold the college's library. It was the first tower built in Oxford for 200 years and is about tall, including the flèche on top. The buildings are arranged around two quadrangles, with residential accommodation for students and fellows in one, and the hall, library and administrative offices in the other. The chapel has stained glass windows designed by John Piper.
The architectural aesthetic of the final design, particularly the tower and its fleche, has attracted some criticism; unlike the other "dreaming spires" of Oxford, Nuffield's tower is a masonry-clad steel-framed book-stack. The architectural historian Sir Howard Colvin said that Harrison's first design was Oxford's "most notable architectural casualty of the 1930s"; it has also been described as a "missed opportunity" to show that Oxford did not live "only in the past". Reaction to the architecture of the college has been largely unfavourable. In the 1960s, it was described as "Oxford's biggest monument to barren reaction". The tower has been described as "ungainly", and marred by repetitive windows. The travel writer Jan Morris wrote that the college was "a hodge-podge from the start". However, the architectural historian Sir Nikolaus Pevsner, although unimpressed with most of the college, thought that the tower helped the Oxford skyline and predicted it would "one day be loved". The writer Simon Jenkins doubted Pevsner's prediction, and claimed that "vegetation" was the "best hope" for the tower β as well as the rest of the college.
Research
Around a third of Nuffield's fellows hold appointments at the University of Oxford as lecturers, readers or professors. In addition, the college fully funds around a dozen "Official Fellowships", which the college views as tenured research professorships (although most also teach on the University's graduate programme), and about a dozen three-year Postdoctoral research fellows. The college also houses a number of young scholars who hold distinguished awards, such as British Academy post-doctoral fellowships, some senior research fellows and a group of research-active emeritus and honorary fellows. The college also produces works in the Nuffield Election Studies. The college is also home to the Centre for Social Investigation, an interdisciplinary research group examining inequalities and social progress in Britain.
The college was the birthplace of the "Oxford School" of Industrial Relations; it pioneered the development of cost-benefit analysis for developing countries; and it has made a major contribution to the methodology of econometrics.
Sport
Rowing at Nuffield is in association with the Linacre College Boat Club.
People associated with Nuffield
Notable students and fellows
Many prominent people have studied at Nuffield, including Mark Carney, former Governor of the Bank of England, Manmohan Singh, former Prime Minister of India, Geoff Gallop, former Premier of Western Australia and Nicholas Stern, former Chief Economist of the World Bank and President of the British Academy.
Notable fellows have included psephologist David Butler, political philosopher Michael Oakeshott, political theorist and economist G. D. H. Cole, researcher of inequality Tony Atkinson, and statistician David Cox, who served as Warden between 1988 and 1994. Among the college's fellows and former fellows are three Nobel Prize laureates, John Hicks, James Mirrlees, and Amartya Sen.
Visiting fellows include Stephanie Flanders, former BBC economics editor, Tim Harford, author and economist, and George Soros, investor and philanthropist.
In 2008, a third of all economists who were fellows of the British Academy had connections to Nuffield, as did a quarter of all political science, sociology and social statistics fellows.
Wardens
Sir Harold Butler, 1938β1945
Sir Henry Clay, 1945β1949
Alexander Loveday, 1949β1954
Sir Norman Chester, 1954β1978
Michael Brock, 1978β1988
Sir David Cox, 1988β1994
Sir Anthony Atkinson, 1994β2006
Sir Stephen Nickell, 2006β2012
Sir Andrew Dilnot, 2012βpresent
Visitors
The Visitor of Nuffield College is ex officio the Master of the Rolls, currently Sir Terence Etherton.
Gallery
References
Notes
References
Bibliography
External links
Virtual Tour of Nuffield College
Educational institutions established in 1937
Colleges of the University of Oxford
1937 establishments in England | [
-0.0982212945818901,
0.5398550033569336,
0.17861111462116241,
-0.9055034518241882,
-0.14916947484016418,
0.6288062334060669,
0.5781686902046204,
1.0459744930267334,
-0.5365214347839355,
-0.3890661299228668,
-0.6477707028388977,
-0.20160159468650818,
0.42913374304771423,
0.4216504991054535,
0.40873727202415466,
-0.5174290537834167,
0.5610246062278748,
0.22475145757198334,
0.21160176396369934,
-0.7891566157341003,
-0.07536648213863373,
0.22959862649440765,
-0.4655655026435852,
0.1756199300289154,
0.11310781538486481,
0.03403043746948242,
0.5812702775001526,
-0.2704481780529022,
-0.3588202893733978,
-0.4581459164619446,
0.34796303510665894,
0.2534976899623871,
-0.34643203020095825,
-0.5028917193412781,
0.24730175733566284,
-0.3838466703891754,
0.2569172978401184,
-0.5226619243621826,
0.08000394701957703,
-0.07324043661355972,
-0.006896231323480606,
-0.40964534878730774,
0.49106618762016296,
0.10114564746618271,
-0.5804818868637085,
-0.7596490979194641,
-0.8553684949874878,
0.5122824907302856,
-0.6536263227462769,
-0.06268683820962906,
0.07960236817598343,
0.517121434211731,
0.4152177572250366,
-0.13185130059719086,
0.35625967383384705,
0.03269689530134201,
-0.5901380777359009,
0.06447196006774902,
0.6480875015258789,
0.16626515984535217,
0.17074871063232422,
0.9535003900527954,
-0.3666312098503113,
0.5783363580703735,
-0.3256210684776306,
0.139299675822258,
-0.02947256900370121,
0.2762775123119354,
-1.198560118675232,
-0.09488032013177872,
-0.43285828828811646,
-0.2888479232788086,
-0.37189799547195435,
0.4297800064086914,
-0.5912465453147888,
-0.6656357049942017,
0.18713244795799255,
0.3144879937171936,
0.4276636242866516,
-0.03233743831515312,
0.4978903532028198,
0.269209623336792,
0.7385650277137756,
0.27491357922554016,
0.8830718994140625,
0.796440064907074,
-0.9673824310302734,
-0.43615663051605225,
-0.54023677110672,
0.44530096650123596,
-0.3789486587047577,
0.10821744054555893,
-0.17779166996479034,
0.0800572857260704,
0.08079639077186584,
-0.21242715418338776,
-0.11123837530612946,
0.09162095934152603,
0.2781984806060791,
-0.16731593012809753,
-0.2751999795436859,
0.12715789675712585,
0.4405311644077301,
0.006820643320679665,
-0.3832787573337555,
0.05030869320034981,
-1.0376695394515991,
-0.7099291086196899,
-0.27093130350112915,
0.10432375222444534,
-0.8674654960632324,
0.05281487852334976,
-0.48163825273513794,
0.05910089239478111,
-0.18909503519535065,
-0.15620486438274384,
0.19075147807598114,
-0.4497940242290497,
-0.6712450981140137,
-0.23166202008724213,
-0.5012246370315552,
0.39261189103126526,
0.17318245768547058,
0.03235980495810509,
-0.13656966388225555,
0.42691853642463684,
-0.07209650427103043,
0.3512322008609772,
-0.3832944929599762,
-0.10629362612962723,
0.37874168157577515,
0.8658478856086731,
0.2933906316757202,
-0.21044911444187164,
0.11644899845123291,
-0.28678223490715027,
-0.31522953510284424,
-0.12118037790060043,
0.24024082720279694,
0.4076802134513855,
-0.5379818677902222,
-0.0917476937174797,
-0.7379393577575684,
0.00444591511040926,
0.6549271941184998,
-0.21852898597717285,
-0.42585092782974243,
0.1782459020614624,
-0.21290366351604462,
-0.049365341663360596,
0.5168879628181458,
0.35539019107818604,
-0.4067420959472656,
-0.333020955324173,
-0.21290791034698486,
0.2682877480983734,
0.18026892840862274,
0.5643495917320251,
0.09466975182294846,
-0.005758220795542002,
-0.38403433561325073,
-0.12783128023147583,
0.5252116918563843,
-0.19512414932250977,
-0.009844666346907616,
-0.15296287834644318,
0.8914089798927307,
-0.42868930101394653,
-0.5151292681694031,
0.32364094257354736,
-1.0452855825424194,
-0.21535803377628326,
0.8613934516906738,
-0.3099113404750824,
-0.1546287089586258,
-0.24030174314975739,
0.8134362697601318,
0.08137413114309311,
0.6486592292785645,
-0.5126321911811829,
-0.6627479791641235,
0.10290158540010452,
0.12391053140163422,
0.21984320878982544,
-0.0819278433918953,
-0.09295610338449478,
-0.2132779359817505,
0.31465205550193787,
-0.20706257224082947,
0.3203943967819214,
-0.4805903136730194,
-0.26793938875198364,
-0.10647902637720108,
-0.082308329641819,
1.0983532667160034,
0.21979476511478424,
-0.8468872308731079,
0.8046964406967163,
-0.6195961833000183,
0.7261658906936646,
-0.033459633588790894,
-0.04993303120136261,
-0.48312506079673767,
-0.6411859393119812,
-0.30387961864471436,
0.45843398571014404,
0.4093821048736572,
0.04256406053900719,
0.8055859208106995,
0.09181742370128632,
0.2714511752128601,
-0.5268614292144775,
0.2904035747051239,
0.42719799280166626,
0.29314330220222473,
-0.45392975211143494,
-0.19175054132938385,
-0.4497809112071991,
0.28361961245536804,
-0.8151547312736511,
0.8597193956375122,
-0.017012091353535652,
0.7511026263237,
0.17437775433063507,
-0.25554215908050537,
0.08990410715341568,
-0.2514250576496124,
0.4547814130783081,
-0.07166377454996109,
-0.4062363803386688,
0.7053650617599487,
0.21639782190322876,
0.09128052741289139,
0.11834964156150818,
-0.01051334198564291,
-0.6738024353981018,
-0.3153371512889862,
-0.4816175699234009,
0.8315743803977966,
-0.023234017193317413,
0.22723720967769623,
-0.2129635214805603,
-1.028408408164978,
0.6766926646232605,
0.012917263433337212,
-0.007736993953585625,
0.3294574022293091,
0.2899895906448364,
-0.5853737592697144,
-0.25964149832725525,
0.27743154764175415,
-0.2823348641395569,
0.20719286799430847,
0.40953096747398376,
0.09935061633586884,
0.06752239912748337,
-0.03482384607195854,
0.6113311648368835,
0.4999045133590698,
0.22647586464881897,
-0.605552077293396,
-0.003053863998502493,
0.3737696409225464,
0.3817445635795593,
-0.7109479308128357,
-0.22948461771011353,
-0.5139138698577881,
-0.6494885683059692,
0.07958531379699707,
-0.18239934742450714,
0.1567516028881073,
-0.25206971168518066,
-0.17755746841430664,
0.13537858426570892,
-0.39295968413352966,
0.17808179557323456,
0.23757797479629517,
0.19872717559337616,
-1.0071338415145874,
-0.14992821216583252,
0.18843737244606018,
0.5626660585403442,
-0.35556697845458984,
-0.5617004036903381,
-0.2749963700771332,
0.11261820793151855,
0.1400928497314453,
-0.31908437609672546,
-0.12968719005584717,
-0.12398048490285873,
-0.24350254237651825,
0.741143524646759,
0.17867134511470795,
0.07217675447463989,
0.20503076910972595,
0.2705707848072052,
0.3632179796695709,
-0.3896884322166443,
0.001231142319738865,
-0.3124282956123352,
0.18631131947040558,
0.8565503358840942,
0.0980176031589508,
0.517245352268219,
0.61137455701828,
-0.2897225618362427,
-0.22425149381160736,
0.05915343388915062,
-5.413841724395752,
0.10170319676399231,
-0.36163684725761414,
0.33072933554649353,
1.3460533618927002,
-0.5665719509124756,
0.4300437271595001,
-0.4399433135986328,
-0.3824789226055145,
-0.7865363359451294,
-0.33666911721229553,
-0.3264472484588623,
-0.3079625964164734,
0.39798226952552795,
0.39394134283065796,
0.6710609793663025,
0.8443716168403625,
-0.09408452361822128,
-0.23379631340503693,
0.7141098976135254,
-0.14961214363574982,
0.2984398305416107,
0.33477669954299927,
0.43643462657928467,
0.28687945008277893,
0.46306777000427246,
-0.18024596571922302,
0.1354154497385025,
-0.44240882992744446,
-0.464091420173645,
0.6726354956626892,
-0.24112080037593842,
0.17047156393527985,
-0.4371490776538849,
-0.279152512550354,
0.46987441182136536,
0.6801953315734863,
0.3245850205421448,
0.425544410943985,
0.1927165389060974,
0.5420922636985779,
0.43249574303627014,
0.1408119946718216,
-0.004560560919344425,
0.5329095721244812,
-0.7744327783584595,
-0.6431877017021179,
0.016941547393798828,
-0.31058168411254883,
0.3507285714149475,
-0.6077048778533936,
0.5157384872436523,
0.30876514315605164,
0.22108563780784607,
-0.5076475739479065,
-0.3972703814506531,
-0.0647306963801384,
0.1555856466293335,
-0.291069358587265,
-0.13856405019760132,
0.3241893947124481,
-0.48969385027885437,
-0.00961973425000906,
-0.7178241610527039,
-0.5670387744903564,
-0.5278646349906921,
-0.19238363206386566,
0.7946900725364685,
0.18228992819786072,
0.31094467639923096,
-0.05118207633495331,
0.1006535142660141,
-0.11827260255813599,
-0.7460222244262695,
-0.37620681524276733,
-0.7737675309181213,
-0.23127730190753937,
-0.3522583842277527,
0.13410115242004395,
0.025009481236338615,
-0.02788591757416725,
-0.0431547686457634,
-0.28305700421333313,
0.910546064376831,
0.22998793423175812,
-0.7040899991989136,
-0.29351651668548584,
0.16134904325008392,
-0.8240764141082764,
-0.6837266683578491,
-0.17408046126365662,
-0.19473323225975037,
-0.17979854345321655,
0.5255939364433289,
0.20023496448993683,
-0.15897710621356964,
-0.18443898856639862,
0.38605040311813354,
-0.18899290263652802,
-0.11377166956663132,
0.6453006863594055,
-0.6344990730285645,
-0.09441399574279785,
0.0734088271856308,
-0.3675699830055237,
-0.30442941188812256,
0.1742054969072342,
0.570382833480835,
0.3684738278388977,
0.03999574854969978,
0.01690101996064186,
-0.1844908595085144,
-0.6368715167045593,
0.050640735775232315,
-0.012698668986558914,
-0.29734668135643005,
-0.3617330491542816,
0.4116942882537842,
-0.3647938072681427,
0.31048035621643066,
0.18635624647140503,
0.19389505684375763,
0.2512216567993164,
-0.34321004152297974,
-0.44656533002853394,
-0.13760845363140106,
0.16853997111320496,
-0.4131641983985901,
-0.4236198365688324,
-0.42727380990982056,
-0.027157099917531013,
-0.21283870935440063,
-0.08359523862600327,
0.20199786126613617,
-0.47209277749061584,
-0.11788728088140488,
-0.2491793930530548,
0.22576084733009338,
-0.12390822917222977,
0.6002089381217957,
0.3482436537742615,
-0.13901549577713013,
0.1836700439453125,
0.04873370751738548,
0.7089493870735168,
0.6038712859153748,
-0.09560924023389816,
0.4147169589996338,
-1.0221792459487915,
0.48932528495788574,
-0.09652730077505112,
-0.4285033345222473,
0.20438052713871002,
-0.14764942228794098,
0.02372184582054615,
0.150060772895813,
-0.45185962319374084,
0.7495419383049011,
0.1060049831867218,
0.18058034777641296,
-0.47519567608833313,
-0.3177398443222046,
-0.38429221510887146,
-0.16291041672229767,
0.4673411250114441,
0.27160724997520447,
-0.0006347293965518475,
-0.4294329881668091,
-1.0052406787872314,
0.3109438717365265,
-0.061256036162376404,
0.0016853362321853638,
-0.8772602081298828,
-0.19747211039066315,
0.2745533585548401,
0.13625295460224152,
-0.1469663679599762,
-0.030008725821971893,
-0.03921971842646599,
-0.22021682560443878,
0.2375320941209793,
-0.5521930456161499,
0.4339587688446045,
0.048798125237226486,
0.6704588532447815,
-0.43156901001930237,
-0.6639368534088135,
-0.32064002752304077,
0.18933100998401642,
-0.655458927154541,
0.12174229323863983,
-0.4977351427078247,
0.4126656949520111,
0.15454915165901184,
-0.3993694484233856,
-0.5074700713157654,
-0.07855050265789032,
-0.12352718412876129,
-0.5666390061378479,
0.028115319088101387,
-0.11467726528644562,
0.6004555821418762,
-0.6214742064476013,
0.8215938210487366,
0.1531408131122589,
-0.5737619400024414,
0.37670084834098816,
0.1393248736858368,
-0.05211818590760231,
0.49572572112083435,
-0.2063690423965454,
-0.8711828589439392,
0.48017624020576477,
0.27198028564453125,
-0.8916628956794739,
-0.47144827246665955,
0.04536708444356918,
-0.2766892611980438,
-0.416944682598114,
-0.22610202431678772,
-0.4303598701953888,
-0.3525252044200897,
0.10620914399623871,
0.012159531936049461,
-0.47996699810028076,
0.21013616025447845,
0.17638744413852692,
-0.5957854986190796,
0.840824544429779,
-0.2989751398563385,
0.4091235101222992,
-0.18163488805294037,
-0.40766945481300354,
0.06874164938926697,
0.6163384914398193,
-0.29003390669822693,
0.1562679260969162,
-0.06476547569036484,
-0.48277661204338074,
0.3041515648365021,
0.4150678813457489,
0.840007483959198,
-0.18418185412883759,
-0.5885142683982849,
-0.4817523658275604,
0.44316133856773376,
0.496288001537323,
0.4533686637878418,
-0.7494732141494751,
0.15480826795101166,
0.4208213686943054,
-0.3829881548881531,
-0.3921152353286743,
-0.15536697208881378,
-0.17499606311321259,
-0.24340441823005676,
0.09618309885263443,
0.16466625034809113,
-0.1127125695347786,
-0.2359141856431961,
0.5179112553596497,
0.31353631615638733,
-0.5818995237350464,
0.3267520070075989,
-0.12956097722053528,
-0.2756219804286957,
-0.34191346168518066,
-0.3970154821872711,
0.6754905581474304,
-0.3446139693260193,
-0.07203148305416107,
-0.2608840763568878,
-0.36408400535583496,
0.38320502638816833,
-0.07776975631713867,
0.2675420939922333,
-0.24434268474578857,
-0.5502623319625854,
1.1456961631774902,
-0.33671873807907104,
-0.3354840576648712,
0.2934178411960602,
0.35625964403152466,
-0.4104818105697632,
0.36458224058151245,
-0.6702489852905273,
-0.11335203051567078,
0.6365678906440735,
-0.3909764289855957,
0.6634377837181091,
-0.31548011302948,
-0.5918890237808228,
-0.1314452737569809,
0.19367992877960205,
0.04499424621462822,
0.33667510747909546,
0.37137478590011597,
-0.07471808791160583,
0.7303342223167419,
-0.01635943166911602,
-0.5557383298873901,
0.7378067970275879,
0.5570758581161499,
0.12031066417694092,
0.39716243743896484,
0.10483375191688538,
-0.6465439796447754,
0.1135852113366127,
-0.48829519748687744,
-0.13494396209716797,
0.33655035495758057,
-0.07126656919717789,
0.7576479911804199,
0.7621257305145264,
-0.45603740215301514,
-0.12951891124248505,
0.5190628170967102,
-0.7543632984161377,
0.1098192110657692,
0.5277668237686157,
-0.6274679899215698,
0.4539310336112976,
0.34691905975341797,
0.16586551070213318,
0.053630467504262924,
0.7014746069908142,
-0.3772767186164856,
-0.4803564250469208,
0.19458554685115814,
0.2315911203622818,
0.014246623031795025,
-0.3884837329387665,
-0.24934545159339905,
0.8611292839050293,
-0.29150035977363586,
-0.2703700661659241,
0.02780764363706112,
-0.9944549202919006,
-0.5188095569610596,
0.2242114543914795,
0.7104124426841736,
0.7910539507865906,
-0.47815418243408203,
0.2697969973087311,
-0.5779416561126709,
0.015606514178216457,
0.22185559570789337,
0.25194352865219116,
-0.19457095861434937,
0.17636537551879883,
0.23553353548049927,
-0.05022546276450157,
0.3766038417816162,
0.02312713861465454,
0.06467366218566895,
0.2775282859802246,
0.0944112241268158,
-0.01881488226354122,
-0.699172854423523,
-0.10555426776409149,
-0.31680727005004883,
0.8847689628601074,
1.0138553380966187,
-0.289440780878067,
-0.1511233150959015,
0.07732576131820679,
0.8368620872497559,
0.015820803120732307,
0.03923266753554344,
0.47140324115753174,
0.31020960211753845,
0.4220450520515442,
0.17375324666500092,
-0.7532504796981812,
0.2134256511926651,
0.18680845201015472,
-0.07973867654800415,
0.7381129860877991,
-0.02164464443922043,
-0.44620057940483093,
-0.07091201841831207,
-0.3896827697753906,
-0.20958459377288818,
-0.0071564242243766785,
0.20210827887058258,
-0.767041802406311,
-0.6019559502601624,
0.472257524728775,
-0.9230262637138367,
-0.15322913229465485,
0.12242194265127182,
-0.4396698772907257,
-0.20692600309848785,
0.26191556453704834,
-0.49326393008232117,
-0.36166805028915405,
0.07358192652463913,
0.7164125442504883,
0.2405027598142624,
-0.14169979095458984,
0.26552486419677734,
0.07793961465358734,
-0.6635274291038513,
0.1390642374753952,
-0.21693837642669678,
0.38790932297706604,
0.023153364658355713,
0.5759139060974121,
-0.7415101528167725,
0.1933106631040573,
0.28761938214302063,
0.4637853801250458,
-0.07897917926311493,
0.35019823908805847,
-0.1697073131799698,
0.966986894607544,
0.7278083562850952,
0.30713343620300293,
-0.5293154120445251,
0.2673642635345459,
-0.2613673806190491,
0.34276148676872253,
-0.1687443107366562,
0.5477824807167053,
0.193528950214386,
0.04268116503953934,
-0.1059817522764206,
0.5068272948265076,
-0.7384026050567627,
0.4840697944164276,
-0.09756907820701599,
0.008575615473091602,
-0.5429009199142456,
0.21976424753665924,
-0.39796674251556396,
0.719219982624054,
0.6664886474609375,
1.2459702491760254,
0.09372799843549728,
-0.3373386263847351,
-0.5960265398025513,
0.11155662685632706,
0.5674201250076294,
0.3741668462753296,
-0.2470381259918213,
0.01089093741029501,
-0.3859989643096924,
-0.24545806646347046,
-0.4246461093425751,
0.43750494718551636,
0.5534158945083618,
-0.05531113222241402,
0.49361151456832886,
-0.5197193026542664,
-0.04615619406104088,
-0.32597169280052185,
0.09756705164909363,
-0.09835232049226761,
0.6548121571540833,
0.7654069662094116
]
|
128358 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fremont%2C%20North%20Carolina | Fremont, North Carolina | Fremont is a town in Wayne County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 1,255 at the 2010 census. It is included in the Goldsboro, North Carolina Metropolitan Statistical Area.
History
Originally named Nahunta, it was renamed Fremont in 1869 after Col. Sewall Lawrence Fremont, a former U.S. Army artilleryman and chief engineer of the Wilmington and Wheldon Railroad from 1854 to 1871.
The Aycock Birthplace, Barnes-Hooks Farm, and Dred and Ellen Yelverton House are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Geography
Fremont is located at (35.543071, -77.974792).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , all of it land.
Demographics
2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 1,196 people, 426 households, and 212 families residing in the town.
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,463 people, 591 households, and 369 families residing in the town. The population density was 1,074.6 people per square mile (415.3/km2). There were 671 housing units at an average density of 492.9 per square mile (190.5/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 45.86% White, 50.72% African American, 0.21% Native American, 0.34% Asian, 2.32% from other races, and 0.55% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.67% of the population.
There were 591 households, out of which 27.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.1% were married couples living together, 19.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.4% were non-families. 35.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.39 and the average family size was 3.11.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 25.8% under the age of 18, 6.1% from 18 to 24, 24.0% from 25 to 44, 24.1% from 45 to 64, and 20.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 81.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 77.0 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $25,167, and the median income for a family was $34,375. Males had a median income of $31,250 versus $18,869 for females. The per capita income for the town was $16,892. About 15.6% of families and 21.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 34.6% of those under age 18 and 17.7% of those age 65 or over.
Education
Education in Fremont is administered by the Wayne County Public Schools system. Schools located in Fremont include Fremont STARS Elementary School, Norwayne Middle School and Charles B. Aycock High School. Higher education is offered through Wayne Community College in Goldsboro.
Transportation
Passenger
Air: Fremont is served through nearby Kinston Regional Jetport with service to Orlando, Florida. Raleigh-Durham International Airport is the closest major airport with service to more than 45 domestic and international destinations. Goldsboro-Wayne Municipal Airport is an airport located nearby, but is only used for general aviation.
I-795 is the closest Interstate Highway on the outskirts of Fremont intersecting with NC 222, while Interstate 95 is located 15 miles west in Kenly.
Fremont is not served directly by passenger trains. The closest Amtrak station is located in Wilson.
Bus: The area is served by Greyhound with a location in nearby Goldsboro.
Roads
The main highways in Fremont are US 117 and NC 222.
References
External links
Official website of Fremont, NC
Wayne-Wilson News Leader, a local newspaper
Towns in North Carolina
Towns in Wayne County, North Carolina | [
-0.8291311264038086,
0.8075690269470215,
-0.1990615874528885,
-0.2550923228263855,
0.38392534852027893,
0.46767526865005493,
0.8818098902702332,
0.5917548537254333,
-0.5813819766044617,
-0.13877952098846436,
-0.3043714761734009,
-0.0946381539106369,
-0.4461522698402405,
1.0473939180374146,
-0.829491913318634,
0.23356130719184875,
0.5918485522270203,
0.765165388584137,
0.163498193025589,
-0.39106622338294983,
0.08952762931585312,
-0.4466443657875061,
0.07506311684846878,
0.530433177947998,
0.20448680222034454,
-0.007656591013073921,
0.5064061284065247,
-0.22149208188056946,
-0.08139722794294357,
-0.34348008036613464,
-0.45420709252357483,
0.38245418667793274,
-0.42132359743118286,
0.12187570333480835,
-0.056513093411922455,
-0.6105533838272095,
-0.08345607668161392,
-0.2000497728586197,
0.6056460738182068,
-0.20689897239208221,
-0.6460039019584656,
-0.2013341337442398,
0.1597207933664322,
0.054865576326847076,
0.3522430658340454,
-0.7194564342498779,
-1.5394536256790161,
0.3327469825744629,
-0.8626984357833862,
-0.5126701593399048,
-0.5136743187904358,
-0.0696723684668541,
-0.0789169892668724,
0.31961074471473694,
0.3715817630290985,
-0.13946716487407684,
0.09351184964179993,
0.6504184603691101,
1.0129178762435913,
0.34573426842689514,
-0.13860902190208435,
0.6254848837852478,
0.2590084969997406,
-0.14117112755775452,
0.2137700617313385,
0.17835235595703125,
-0.2913435697555542,
0.9736064076423645,
0.07698170095682144,
-0.4967105984687805,
-0.447235107421875,
0.3130577504634857,
0.003339075716212392,
0.24799785017967224,
0.19519159197807312,
0.23787298798561096,
0.007521565072238445,
0.012430000118911266,
-0.22386939823627472,
-0.06351643800735474,
0.14558975398540497,
0.3649870455265045,
0.9465013742446899,
-0.39643174409866333,
0.6154869198799133,
0.6122977137565613,
-0.9586866497993469,
0.4794258773326874,
0.3036278486251831,
0.13202635943889618,
-0.8112396597862244,
0.16890376806259155,
-0.36258161067962646,
-0.1026853397488594,
-0.4285982847213745,
0.20585428178310394,
0.0655231773853302,
0.37197962403297424,
-0.10902475565671921,
0.30257248878479004,
-0.5975571274757385,
0.28266409039497375,
1.4171762466430664,
-0.3368639051914215,
-0.12584643065929413,
-0.08007711917161942,
-0.49195221066474915,
-0.36266836524009705,
0.3031861186027527,
-0.7418438196182251,
-0.9008710384368896,
0.15099570155143738,
-0.03128276765346527,
-0.7015780806541443,
-0.4936382472515106,
0.7549048066139221,
0.23492886126041412,
-0.6727193593978882,
-0.16477003693580627,
-0.5325464010238647,
-0.20246221125125885,
0.8933725357055664,
-0.3685721158981323,
0.6946905851364136,
0.14561517536640167,
0.1738210767507553,
-0.045112062245607376,
-0.10243920981884003,
0.44926759600639343,
0.9203607439994812,
-0.7337035536766052,
0.46752768754959106,
0.2548891007900238,
0.28550535440444946,
-0.06849003583192825,
-0.0777241662144661,
-0.18578097224235535,
0.27916914224624634,
0.542345404624939,
0.053845230489969254,
-0.9396032691001892,
0.274311900138855,
-0.7202920913696289,
0.3212265372276306,
-0.1400597244501114,
-0.16466888785362244,
-0.31815582513809204,
-0.07201094180345535,
-0.07398871332406998,
0.16449740529060364,
-0.04565751180052757,
0.09075690805912018,
0.06837155669927597,
0.7614969611167908,
-0.6359142661094666,
0.2424134463071823,
0.46848300099372864,
0.17285284399986267,
0.4933181703090668,
0.5193786025047302,
0.2931225299835205,
0.8647615313529968,
0.7099390029907227,
0.06875742226839066,
0.4262690842151642,
0.06187114119529724,
1.1182459592819214,
-0.4458576738834381,
0.5206248164176941,
0.14661173522472382,
-0.5568124651908875,
0.22937077283859253,
0.6478106379508972,
-0.34982386231422424,
0.6350811123847961,
-0.4957539439201355,
0.8560763001441956,
-0.24532237648963928,
-0.11547189205884933,
0.11264783143997192,
-0.9326942563056946,
0.14239361882209778,
0.5457563996315002,
0.03548716381192207,
-0.04296852648258209,
0.22582094371318817,
0.07559246569871902,
-0.6415274739265442,
-0.57283616065979,
-0.3681168258190155,
-0.26813599467277527,
-0.3070146143436432,
0.1861584633588791,
0.13681843876838684,
0.8501887321472168,
-0.0558306910097599,
-0.43346574902534485,
-0.07759439200162888,
-0.03307449817657471,
0.050857752561569214,
0.12513601779937744,
-0.4052516520023346,
0.33512309193611145,
-0.30490800738334656,
-0.08532000333070755,
1.242649793624878,
0.3500900864601135,
-0.19481779634952545,
0.4701625406742096,
0.26925548911094666,
-0.019561538472771645,
-0.9406809210777283,
0.16277407109737396,
0.652776837348938,
-0.8181589245796204,
-0.683201253414154,
-0.2903395891189575,
-0.10911791026592255,
0.3618978261947632,
-0.2095632404088974,
0.5510467290878296,
0.18800833821296692,
0.2951987385749817,
-0.25933781266212463,
-0.2802990674972534,
0.7212527394294739,
0.4052169620990753,
0.057635530829429626,
-0.6181125640869141,
0.28841686248779297,
0.057085759937763214,
0.47447821497917175,
0.049844890832901,
-0.8149502277374268,
-0.07771001011133194,
-0.19367451965808868,
-0.19786323606967926,
-0.5572628974914551,
0.5363165140151978,
-0.5375666618347168,
-0.28889450430870056,
0.8363898396492004,
-1.2286654710769653,
0.5683794021606445,
0.011642137542366982,
0.398995965719223,
0.0022155873011797667,
-0.24320530891418457,
-0.019722003489732742,
-0.6408451199531555,
-0.05480145290493965,
0.4321279227733612,
0.5258529782295227,
-0.1282024383544922,
-0.021049026399850845,
-0.2542842626571655,
-0.2290157973766327,
0.43947258591651917,
0.2684306800365448,
0.2861007750034332,
-0.21848900616168976,
0.22367645800113678,
-0.4558343291282654,
0.0268144141882658,
0.3005608320236206,
-0.3116186261177063,
-0.621493399143219,
-0.1257796585559845,
0.043454550206661224,
0.5062224864959717,
0.5598795413970947,
-0.4376319944858551,
-0.1343774050474167,
-0.946123480796814,
0.9076757431030273,
0.5072779655456543,
-0.30417072772979736,
-0.5552104115486145,
-0.913512647151947,
-0.09675416350364685,
-0.010912763886153698,
1.3069441318511963,
-0.1050114780664444,
-0.1740136593580246,
0.7166748642921448,
-0.6882503032684326,
1.4112749099731445,
-0.3666989803314209,
-0.29793500900268555,
-0.4365776777267456,
-0.08442050963640213,
-0.02009481191635132,
0.1821758896112442,
1.415860652923584,
-0.07917982339859009,
0.024530872702598572,
0.5373751521110535,
-0.2434595376253128,
-0.0007441100897267461,
-0.24005022644996643,
-0.8090981245040894,
0.41803255677223206,
-0.3466232419013977,
0.33973491191864014,
0.12645818293094635,
-0.5404500365257263,
0.3826161026954651,
-0.24207240343093872,
-4.398606777191162,
0.11137978732585907,
-0.36622142791748047,
-0.2180916965007782,
0.33351829648017883,
-0.3284813463687897,
0.2723037600517273,
-0.42222869396209717,
-0.1252278983592987,
0.9108099341392517,
-0.09504447877407074,
-0.11636734753847122,
-0.29701706767082214,
0.52294921875,
0.20989179611206055,
0.24073633551597595,
0.748670220375061,
-0.4218062162399292,
0.5867275595664978,
0.4677400290966034,
-0.814250648021698,
0.23448441922664642,
-0.3282317519187927,
-0.5771852731704712,
0.4454553425312042,
0.4072178304195404,
0.14890773594379425,
-0.33109545707702637,
-0.38597795367240906,
0.14628171920776367,
0.5364046096801758,
-0.1275048702955246,
-0.8056954145431519,
0.00977395474910736,
-0.11285851150751114,
-0.2226411998271942,
-0.18326745927333832,
-0.2903749346733093,
0.32843321561813354,
-0.24138778448104858,
0.43324369192123413,
0.5759610533714294,
-0.9426561594009399,
-0.5049939155578613,
0.7098943591117859,
-0.21304069459438324,
-0.7039247751235962,
-0.0061831166967749596,
0.19489605724811554,
0.8635779619216919,
0.20873910188674927,
-0.3167427182197571,
1.6246302127838135,
-0.15813055634498596,
0.5481441020965576,
-0.31452786922454834,
0.5119763016700745,
0.10150053352117538,
-0.3890778422355652,
1.0362792015075684,
-0.024373991414904594,
-0.860414445400238,
-0.06292460113763809,
0.09568095207214355,
-0.10234159231185913,
-0.6438519954681396,
0.5198706984519958,
0.4905904233455658,
0.16249606013298035,
-0.222802996635437,
0.5265882015228271,
0.5179134011268616,
0.08305469900369644,
-0.5763590335845947,
0.30679482221603394,
-0.6549731492996216,
-0.7112658023834229,
-0.1652289181947708,
-1.0207147598266602,
-0.35658255219459534,
0.29834961891174316,
-0.11547313630580902,
0.4833027720451355,
0.45406827330589294,
-0.18583889305591583,
-0.22503484785556793,
-0.21604609489440918,
0.2969902753829956,
-0.3233327567577362,
-0.40883132815361023,
0.5487704873085022,
0.18386296927928925,
0.4970715343952179,
-0.14407461881637573,
-0.08195793628692627,
0.5554879307746887,
0.4428056478500366,
0.04225718230009079,
-0.6412895321846008,
-0.590722382068634,
0.11606580018997192,
-0.5891759395599365,
-0.35398995876312256,
0.015273998491466045,
-0.8736670613288879,
-0.32736480236053467,
-0.20950785279273987,
0.410592645406723,
0.45690345764160156,
-0.3076675832271576,
-0.4432730972766876,
0.05635268613696098,
-0.4202394187450409,
-0.26868078112602234,
0.9490280151367188,
-0.18134433031082153,
0.24715670943260193,
0.5394230484962463,
0.540348470211029,
-0.019626552239060402,
0.47912517189979553,
0.11494129151105881,
-0.5244184136390686,
-0.2092437744140625,
-0.22257648408412933,
-0.2269969880580902,
0.7849363684654236,
-0.002169618848711252,
-0.5822008848190308,
0.5611934661865234,
-0.6578362584114075,
0.23060737550258636,
-0.9984726905822754,
-0.08694805204868317,
-0.6012059450149536,
-0.194767564535141,
-0.24082711338996887,
-1.1464953422546387,
-0.31187063455581665,
0.6710600852966309,
0.46375083923339844,
-0.012636796571314335,
-0.7950743436813354,
0.29601138830184937,
-0.6558948755264282,
-0.058136239647865295,
0.3580906093120575,
0.24249988794326782,
-1.1659516096115112,
0.5570246577262878,
-0.5867820978164673,
-1.0662157535552979,
-0.31771379709243774,
-0.5295093655586243,
0.03913792595267296,
0.06951884180307388,
0.3181941509246826,
0.3782579302787781,
0.5816919803619385,
-0.29532843828201294,
0.3596905767917633,
0.2064216285943985,
-0.06668144464492798,
0.7826261520385742,
0.19605863094329834,
-0.19790175557136536,
-0.2637629508972168,
-0.07582824677228928,
-0.7802474498748779,
0.2146385759115219,
0.7109485268592834,
-0.26275914907455444,
-0.23675131797790527,
-0.7834063172340393,
0.43423473834991455,
-0.0846012681722641,
0.1845673769712448,
0.5571107864379883,
-0.0777890682220459,
-0.4181537926197052,
-0.17373600602149963,
0.08569487929344177,
-0.9356557130813599,
-0.04417974501848221,
0.6222716569900513,
-0.5494621396064758,
-0.41916921734809875,
-0.3502167761325836,
0.315772145986557,
-0.033921726047992706,
0.13584214448928833,
-0.5222325921058655,
0.2243061661720276,
-0.0618446059525013,
-0.16980619728565216,
-0.6551150679588318,
0.6662207841873169,
-1.0509381294250488,
-0.37676143646240234,
-0.8901042342185974,
0.18193568289279938,
0.12123272567987442,
-0.4455989897251129,
0.3997327387332916,
-0.23041358590126038,
-1.3676893711090088,
0.8274169564247131,
0.24059554934501648,
-1.0634278059005737,
1.2683851718902588,
0.3208724856376648,
-0.923295259475708,
0.5256749987602234,
0.4256993234157562,
-0.2595955729484558,
0.10413514822721481,
0.3172592222690582,
-0.05187106132507324,
-0.6987807154655457,
0.138241708278656,
-0.6342418193817139,
-0.2007286697626114,
-0.036011043936014175,
-0.5604962706565857,
-0.3805854916572571,
-0.043131113052368164,
0.1434665322303772,
-0.3622446060180664,
1.3178883790969849,
-0.7419254779815674,
-0.15515351295471191,
0.2315174788236618,
0.2883222997188568,
0.3889657258987427,
0.19389207661151886,
-0.17364688217639923,
-0.4033374488353729,
-0.7045679092407227,
0.023874565958976746,
-0.4152556359767914,
0.3109671175479889,
0.6631944179534912,
0.30511581897735596,
-0.5214781165122986,
-0.8131231069564819,
-0.6067321300506592,
0.9692625999450684,
0.16239380836486816,
-1.1995760202407837,
0.8457047343254089,
0.840216338634491,
-0.5943117141723633,
-0.8952502012252808,
0.07038268446922302,
1.1159567832946777,
0.060689039528369904,
0.22597084939479828,
0.17184202373027802,
-0.15129239857196808,
-0.43318796157836914,
0.3407672345638275,
0.14745351672172546,
0.38570666313171387,
0.1861783117055893,
0.33098968863487244,
-0.306598037481308,
-0.04908306151628494,
-0.2920558452606201,
0.4943569600582123,
-0.419605016708374,
-0.7817317843437195,
-0.21667616069316864,
0.21341463923454285,
0.24667927622795105,
-0.8859198093414307,
0.2802993953227997,
-0.0298461876809597,
-0.8131440877914429,
0.10138127952814102,
0.29436081647872925,
0.2595932185649872,
-0.26500147581100464,
0.009183189831674099,
0.15872055292129517,
0.20013155043125153,
-0.5972141027450562,
0.3433837294578552,
0.04649284482002258,
-0.5943713188171387,
0.1234336793422699,
-0.31009697914123535,
0.3587469756603241,
0.35508033633232117,
-0.7298017144203186,
-0.00770311476662755,
0.6764187216758728,
0.0926620289683342,
0.4275912940502167,
-0.03457406908273697,
0.3868700861930847,
-1.55869722366333,
1.1935886144638062,
-0.3374823033809662,
-0.2888720631599426,
0.549358069896698,
-0.028820639476180077,
-0.6659290194511414,
-0.2858806550502777,
0.5172317028045654,
0.28321486711502075,
-0.22663648426532745,
-0.009038529358804226,
0.2373746782541275,
0.836432158946991,
-0.556547999382019,
0.4551849067211151,
0.7509075403213501,
-0.4915458858013153,
-0.6280246376991272,
0.2719578742980957,
-0.39350566267967224,
0.15574412047863007,
0.7346527576446533,
0.7725313901901245,
-0.006764156743884087,
1.144529104232788,
-0.003117269603535533,
0.4452556073665619,
-0.43309807777404785,
0.405952125787735,
-0.0517449751496315,
-0.7264739871025085,
-0.5600155591964722,
-0.02962050773203373,
-0.45120587944984436,
-0.3265991806983948,
-0.0922539010643959,
-0.24496646225452423,
-0.5133070945739746,
0.6476389765739441,
-0.4999160170555115,
0.004178906790912151,
0.27200430631637573,
0.11115904152393341,
0.18042781949043274,
-0.2892225980758667,
-0.3228696882724762,
0.20190994441509247,
0.2403469830751419,
-0.3110523521900177,
-0.04406742379069328,
-0.12333440035581589,
-0.2686721980571747,
-0.2796570360660553,
-0.885129988193512,
-0.17228296399116516,
0.8312028050422668,
0.0485062338411808,
-0.7866266965866089,
-0.6825588941574097,
0.3233480751514435,
-0.2288707047700882,
0.9757880568504333,
0.4074382483959198,
-0.08316788077354431,
-0.0008271443075500429,
0.5777456760406494,
0.29536402225494385,
-0.3980112075805664,
0.8256147503852844,
0.6615269780158997,
0.12512943148612976,
0.3838687241077423,
0.6008000373840332,
0.44730639457702637,
0.6064651012420654,
-0.08438456058502197,
0.7271543145179749,
-0.3403710126876831,
0.22545626759529114,
-0.09070700407028198,
-0.19120405614376068,
-0.524104654788971,
-0.19307033717632294,
0.2080746740102768,
-0.35603827238082886,
-0.45184534788131714,
0.35986441373825073,
-0.001468754024244845,
-0.5371533036231995,
-0.00119696871843189,
-0.21194708347320557,
-0.36449721455574036,
-0.017771737650036812,
-0.0497233085334301,
0.05266505107283592,
0.7361831068992615,
0.41996175050735474,
0.6890060901641846,
0.3165552020072937,
0.44926783442497253,
0.16558857262134552,
-0.20592887699604034,
-0.01275074016302824,
0.036049358546733856,
0.6767007112503052,
-0.9783859848976135,
0.6874824166297913,
-1.055809736251831,
0.3834868371486664,
-0.12483864277601242,
0.7210102677345276,
0.05977366119623184,
1.2811616659164429,
-0.507108211517334,
-0.06009729579091072,
0.399898499250412,
0.05793720856308937,
-0.7460824847221375,
0.08539267629384995,
-0.2525424361228943,
-0.49198511242866516,
0.30320048332214355,
0.5209883451461792,
0.027873778715729713,
-0.11117643117904663,
0.062156204134225845,
-0.05579535290598869,
-0.30739569664001465,
-0.0179477259516716,
-0.15393036603927612,
-1.4944591522216797,
0.09096620231866837,
0.06021571531891823,
-0.4516693949699402,
-0.01301315613090992,
-0.2932256758213043,
1.083074688911438,
0.4165973961353302,
-0.7508106827735901,
-0.17439903318881989,
-0.38439807295799255,
0.18422168493270874,
0.09052427113056183,
-1.7186647653579712,
0.4480302929878235,
-1.1681746244430542,
-0.8077812194824219,
-0.1929326206445694,
0.4204121232032776,
-0.4899064898490906,
-0.5722126960754395,
0.4353395700454712,
-0.7340748310089111,
0.32535216212272644,
0.199676051735878,
-0.11748571693897247,
-0.2028808444738388,
0.6164610385894775,
-0.02143588662147522
]
|
128359 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goldsboro%2C%20North%20Carolina | Goldsboro, North Carolina | Goldsboro, originally Goldsborough, is a city and the county seat of Wayne County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 36,437 at the 2010 Census. It is the principal city of and is included in the Goldsboro, North Carolina Metropolitan Statistical Area. The nearby town of Waynesboro was founded in 1787, and Goldsboro was incorporated in 1847. It is the county seat of Wayne County. The city is situated in North Carolina's Coastal Plain and is bordered on the south by the Neuse River and the west by the Little River, approximately southwest of Greenville, southeast of Raleigh, the state capital, and north of Wilmington in Southeastern North Carolina. Seymour Johnson Air Force Base is located in Goldsboro.
History
Around 1787, when Wayne County was formed, a town named Waynesborough grew around the county's courthouse. In 1787, William Whitfield III (son of William Whitfield II) and his son were appointed "Directors and Trustees"
for designing and building the town. Located on the east bank of the Neuse River, the town became the county seat. Population growth in Waynesborough continued through the 1830s. However, this changed once the Wilmington and Weldon Railroad was completed in the early 1840s. By then, a hotel had been built at the intersection of the railroad and New Bern Road, which grew into a community after the train started to transport passengers from there.
More and more citizens soon relocated from Waynesborough to this growing village, named eventually "Goldsborough's Junction" after Major Matthew T. Goldsborough, an Assistant Chief Engineer with the railroad line. Later this was shortened simply to Goldsborough. In 1847, the town was incorporated and became the new Wayne County seat following a vote of the citizens of Wayne County. Local legend has it the Goldsborough supporters put moonshine in the town's well to encourage people to vote for Goldsborough.
In the following decades, Goldsborough's growth continued in part by new railroad connections to Charlotte and Beaufort. By 1861, the town's population was estimated to be 1,500. It was the trading center of a rural area that started with yeoman farmers. By this time, it had been developed as large cotton plantations dependent on the labor of enslaved African Americans, as the invention of the cotton gin had enabled profitable cultivation of short-staple cotton in the upcounties.
Because of its importance as railroad junction, Goldsborough played a significant role in the Civil War, both for stationing Confederate troops and for transporting their supplies. The town also provided hospitals for soldiers wounded in nearby battles.
In December 1862, the Battle of Goldsborough Bridge was waged, in which both sides fought for possession of the strategically significant Wilmington and Weldon Railroad Bridge. Union General John Foster arrived with his troops on December 17, aiming to destroy this bridge in order to put an end to the vital supply chain from the port of Wilmington. He succeeded on that same day, his troops overpowering the small number of defending Confederate soldiers and burning down the bridge. On their way back to New Bern, Foster's men were attacked again by Confederate troops, but they survived with fewer casualties than the enemy. The important bridge at Goldsborough was rebuilt in a matter of weeks.
Goldsborough was the scene of another Union offensive in 1865, during Union General Sherman's Carolinas Campaign. After the battles of Bentonville and Wyse Fork, Sherman's forces met with the armies of Schofield, their troops taking over the city in March. During the following three weeks, Goldsborough was occupied by over 100,000 Union soldiers. After the war was over, some of these troops continued to stay in the city.
In 1869, the spelling of the city was officially changed to Goldsboro. Wayne County was part of North Carolina's 2nd congressional district following the Civil War, when it was known as the "Black Second", for its majority-black population. This district elected four Republican African Americans to Congress in the 19th century, three of them after the Reconstruction era. The attorney George Henry White was the last to serve, being elected in 1894 and serving two terms.
The Democrat-dominated legislature established legal racial segregation in public facilities. To further this, in the 1880s it authorized a facility to serve the black mentally ill, the State Hospital in Goldsboro. In 1899 the legislature authorized an addition but did not appropriate sufficient funds. This operated until after passage of civil rights legislation requiring integration of public facilities. In addition, the hospital was affected by the 1970s movement to de-institutionalize care for the mentally ill. Most states have failed to adequately support community programs to replace such facilities.
During World War II the North Carolina Congressional delegation was successful in gaining the present-day Seymour Johnson Air Force Base, which opened on the outskirts of Goldsboro in April 1942 as a US Army Air Forces installation named Seymour Johnson Field. From this point on, the city's population and businesses increased as a result of the federal defense installation. The base's name was changed to Seymour Johnson AFB in 1947 following the establishment of the US Air Force as an independent service.
The city is home to Goldsboro Milling Company, the 10th largest producer of hogs in the U.S., and also a major producer of turkeys.
The Borden Manufacturing Company, First Presbyterian Church, L. D. Giddens and Son Jewelry Store, Goldsboro Union Station, Harry Fitzhugh Lee House, Odd Fellows Lodge, and Solomon and Henry Weil Houses are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Nuclear accident
In 1961, two 3.8 megaton hydrogen bombs were dropped accidentally on the village of Faro, north of Goldsboro, after a B-52 aircraft broke up in mid air. The two Mark 39 weapons were released after the crew abandoned a B-52 bomber which had suffered mid-flight structural failure. Both bombs went through several steps in the arming sequence, but neither detonated. One bomb was recovered. Although much of the second bomb was also recovered, a missing piece containing uranium was believed to have sunk deep into the swampy earth and could not be recovered. The piece remains in land that the Air Force eventually purchased in order to prevent any land use or digging. In 2013, it was revealed that three safety mechanisms on one bomb had failed, leaving just one low-voltage switch preventing detonation.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which is land and (0.08%) is water.
The Neuse River defines the southern boundary of the city.
Little River is a class WS-III river that provides the water source for Goldsboro.
It runs through the west of the city, and joins the Neuse River about south of US 70.
Stoney Creek runs through the east of the city between downtown and the Seymour Johnson Air Force Base.
As of 1982 the Goldsboro waste-water treatment plant accounted for 59% of total effluent discharged into the Neuse between Clayton and Kinston.
The closest lakes to the city center are McArthur Lake, to the southwest, Cedar Lake, to the north and Quaker Neck Lake, to the west.
Quaker Neck Lake is an artificial lake that supplies cooling water to the H.F. Lee Energy Complex.
The closest reservoirs are Cogdells Pond, to the northeast and Wills Pond, to the west.
Wills Pond is also known as Bear Creek W/S Lake Number Four.
Wills Pond impounds Old Mill Branch, a tributary of Bear Creek that flows east and enters Bear Creek near its headwaters.
Climate
Goldsboro's location on the Atlantic Coastal Plain lends it a Humid subtropical climate, with hot humid summers and cool winters. The hottest month is July, with an average high temperature of 91Β Β°F (31Β Β°C), and an average low of 71Β Β°F (22Β Β°C). The coldest month is January, with an average high of 54Β Β°F (11Β Β°C), and an average low of 34Β Β°F (0Β Β°C). Annual total rainfall is 52.53Β inches (1,334Β mm), falling relatively evenly with a slight wet season in the late summer/early fall. Some light to moderate snowfall can take place in winter, but amounts can fluctuate greatly and can range from no snow to totals over one foot (30Β cm) in some years.
Demographics
2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 33,657 people, 14,404 households, and 8,320 families residing in the city.
2019
As of 2019 census estimates, there were 34,186 people and 14,339 households residing in the city. The population density was 1,214.9 inhabitants per square mile (469.0/km). The racial makeup of the city was 52.7% African American, 39.9% White, 0.3% Native American, 2.2% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, and 4.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.8% of the population.
The median income for a household in the city was $33,043, and the median income for a family was $59,844. Males had a median income of $55,223 versus $56,850 for females. The per capita income for the city was $21,666. About 26.2% of the population were below the poverty line.
Arts and culture
Sites of interest
Cliffs of the Neuse State Park is a state park located near the city. It covers along the southern banks of the Neuse River. It has a swimming area, several hiking trails, fishing areas, a nature museum, and picnic areas. The cliffs rise 90 feet above the Neuse River.
Waynesborough Historical Village is a reconstructed "village" located near the original site of the town of Waynesborough. It is home to historical Wayne County buildings ranging from various periods of time. These buildings include a family home, a medical office, a one-room school, a law office, and a Quaker Meeting House.
Herman Park includes a recreational center, miniature train, tennis courts, picnic shelters, a turn-of-the-century park house, gazebo, goldfish pond, fountain, and children's playground.
The Oheb Shalom synagogue's Romanesque Revival building is one of fewer than a hundred nineteenth-century synagogues still standing in the United States, and the second oldest synagogue building in the state.
Government
Chuck Allen served as the city's Mayor, succeeding Alfonzo "Al" King in 2016 who succeeded Hal Plonk in 2002. As mayor, Allen was the official and ceremonial head of city government and presides at all City Council meetings. The mayor and the city council are elected to office for a four-year term. Goldsboro has a council-manager government. As of 2020, the city manager is Tim Salmon.
In June 2021, Allen abruptly resigned citing health issues.
City council
1st District: Hiawatha Jones
2nd District: Bill Broadway
3rd District: Taj Polak
4th District: Brandi Matthews
5th District: David Ham
6th District: Gene Aycock
Federal representatives
Goldsboro has been in North Carolina's 7th congressional district since January 3, 2017, and is currently represented by Republican David Rouzer. Beginning on January 3, 2021, Goldsboro will be in North Carolina's 1st congressional district and will be represented by Democrat G. K. Butterfield.
Goldsboro is represented in the Senate by Republicans Richard Burr and Thom Tillis.
Education
Colleges
North Carolina Wesleyan College Goldsboro campus
Wayne Community College
High schools
Eastern Wayne High School
Goldsboro High School
Rosewood High School
Wayne Early/Middle College High School
Wayne School of Engineering
Charles B. Aycock High School
Spring Creek High School
Southern Wayne High School
Middle schools
Dillard Middle School
Eastern Wayne Middle School
Greenwood Middle School
Rosewood Middle School
Elementary schools
Carver Heights Elementary School
Dillard Academy Charter School
Eastern Wayne Elementary School
Grantham Elementary School
Meadow Lane Elementary School
North Drive Elementary School
Rosewood Elementary School
School Street Early Learning Center
Spring Creek Elementary School
Tommy's Road Elementary School
Private schools
Faith Christian Academy
Pathway Christian Academy
St. Mary Catholic School
Wayne Christian School
Wayne Country Day School
Wayne Preparatory Academy
Media
Newspaper
The Goldsboro News-Argus is a paid subscription Goldsboro's daily newspaper with a circulation of approximately 16,500.
Goldsboro Daily News is a free online daily newspaper.
Television
Goldsboro supports one television station. WHFL TV 43 is a low power broadcast station on UHF channel 43 and is also found on two local cable networks. The station is a FamilyNet affiliate and carries religious, local, and family programming. The area is also served by television stations from the Raleigh-Durham and Greenville areas. CBS affiliate WNCN-TV, Channel 17, is licensed to Goldsboro but has its studios in Raleigh. Up until August 2010, a Public, educational, and government access (PEG) cable TV station called PACC-10 TV was available to Time Warner Cable customers. The station aired its own programming as well as City Council and County Commissioner meetings. Time Warner Cable transferred the channel to Wayne County who currently provides local announcements and community interest programming.
Radio stations based in Goldsboro
WZKT 97.7 FM Country
WFMC 730 AM Black Gospel
WGBR 1150 AM News/Talk
WSSG 1300 AM/92.7 FM JAMZ Urban
Infrastructure
Transportation
The closest civilian airport is Wayne Executive Jetport, but is only used for general aviation. The nearest public commercial airport is Pitt-Greenville Airport in Greenville about 36 miles north east of Goldsboro, although most residents use Raleigh-Durham International Airport for domestic and international travel.
Major highways that run through the city are US 70 (the main thoroughfare through Goldsboro), US 13, US 117, NC 111, and NC 581. I-795 now connects Goldsboro to I-95 in Wilson.
The Goldsboro Bypass which is a route of U.S. 70 was fully opened in May 2016. Previously NC 44 while partially open and under construction, it became US 70 Bypass upon completion and has been designated as Future Interstate 42.
The city has a bus system known as Gateway which runs four routes.
Until the 1960s, the Southern Railway and the Seaboard Coast Line ran passenger trains in and out of Goldsboro Union Station to points west, north and south.
Hospitals
Wayne Memorial Hospital (North Carolina), a medical facility located in Goldsboro, is the county's second largest employer.
Cherry Hospital is a psychiatric hospital which first started in 1880 as a facility to treat mentally ill African Americans. A museum depicting its history is also part of the hospital campus.
O'Berry Neuro-Medical Center is a North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services hospital providing rehabilitative services to people with intellectual disabilities/ developmental disabilities.
Notable people
George Altman, baseball player for Chicago Cubs
Dan Bullock,United States Marine,Private First Class,Vietnam War
Christopher R. Barron, member of board of directors and co-founder of GOProud
Curtis Hooks Brogden, 19th-Century politician
Jimmy Graham, tight end for New Orleans Saints and Seattle Seahawks
Johnny Grant, radio personality, television producer and honorary mayor of Hollywood
Andy Griffith, actor, lived in Goldsboro, teaching English, drama, and music at Goldsboro High School
John W. Gulick, U.S. Army major general
Doris Jackson, nΓ©e Doris Coley, founding member of the Shirelles
John H. Kerr, III, state senator
Clyde King, baseball pitcher and manager of Atlanta Braves and New York Yankees
Jerry Narron, baseball player and manager of Texas Rangers and Cincinnati Reds
Mark O'Meara, golfer who won 1998 Masters and British Open
Jarran Reed, NFL defensive tackle
Kenneth Claiborne Royall, Army general and last Secretary of War
Dave Simmons, football player for four NFL teams
Scott Stapp, musician in Grammy Award-winning band Creed
David Thornton, football player for Tennessee Titans and Indianapolis Colts
Big Daddy V, former WWE wrestler. His real name was Nelson Frazier Jr
Joby Warrick, winner of two Pulitzer Prizes
Greg Warren, long snapper for Pittsburgh Steelers
Thomas Washington, admiral during World War I
William Henry Washington, 19th-Century politician
Coby White, NBA basketball player for Chicago Bulls
References
External links
Government
General information | [
-0.6623175740242004,
0.5664489269256592,
0.15887892246246338,
-0.41719338297843933,
0.807938814163208,
0.24752715229988098,
0.5061156749725342,
0.5129789113998413,
-1.0475983619689941,
0.06697112321853638,
-0.7009075880050659,
0.1368667632341385,
-0.7013859152793884,
1.0730692148208618,
-0.45670410990715027,
0.49635976552963257,
0.544407844543457,
0.18124569952487946,
0.09450265020132065,
-0.7848191261291504,
-0.3296547532081604,
-0.0755997970700264,
0.24307934939861298,
0.4840567111968994,
0.43505993485450745,
-0.5516442656517029,
-0.17154572904109955,
0.011946234852075577,
-0.1423569768667221,
0.42206674814224243,
-0.44509264826774597,
0.4472756087779999,
-0.4471968710422516,
0.45425599813461304,
-0.11089090257883072,
0.13521888852119446,
0.02593662030994892,
-0.08973240852355957,
0.06500443816184998,
0.11472713947296143,
-0.725074291229248,
-0.1837962120771408,
-0.14044101536273956,
-0.15696074068546295,
0.3285202383995056,
-0.18956267833709717,
-1.3310577869415283,
0.08501892536878586,
-0.7153722643852234,
-0.8868725895881653,
-0.8489707708358765,
0.6891465783119202,
-0.753878653049469,
0.18271933495998383,
0.5221184492111206,
0.22002078592777252,
-0.4653686285018921,
0.06550414860248566,
0.510662317276001,
0.43613511323928833,
0.052854739129543304,
0.17387472093105316,
0.08054574579000473,
0.7627238631248474,
0.20981630682945251,
0.244566410779953,
-0.1096428632736206,
0.8559774160385132,
-0.19007781147956848,
-0.37044137716293335,
-0.32142066955566406,
-0.05482322722673416,
0.2616424262523651,
-0.11038653552532196,
0.008488347753882408,
0.17019394040107727,
-0.31160473823547363,
-0.37782636284828186,
-0.05648086592555046,
0.15979546308517456,
-0.21010218560695648,
0.08043039590120316,
0.8006851077079773,
0.08685742318630219,
0.5327248573303223,
0.6713862419128418,
-1.1310744285583496,
0.4568885862827301,
0.5373138785362244,
0.5820550322532654,
-0.35566580295562744,
0.3229472041130066,
0.013372798450291157,
0.1772262006998062,
0.17082807421684265,
-0.3757654130458832,
0.06658252328634262,
0.297754168510437,
-0.30320313572883606,
0.14510205388069153,
-0.7610585689544678,
0.45865610241889954,
1.0237655639648438,
-0.11048465967178345,
-0.136715367436409,
0.20620712637901306,
-0.06395722180604935,
0.301810085773468,
0.4618186354637146,
-0.16792555153369904,
-0.2394641786813736,
-0.29087334871292114,
-0.2656707167625427,
0.11297239363193512,
0.007824577391147614,
0.35650530457496643,
0.22003953158855438,
-0.38914725184440613,
0.07033342123031616,
0.10983278602361679,
0.510147750377655,
0.6381335854530334,
-0.24982284009456635,
0.5430099964141846,
0.2535887658596039,
0.05274331569671631,
-0.06591939181089401,
0.22395464777946472,
0.37910395860671997,
0.5555524826049805,
-0.07222563028335571,
0.4723087251186371,
-0.017664242535829544,
0.3099606931209564,
-0.0952724888920784,
0.416094571352005,
-0.33383870124816895,
0.05718068405985832,
0.37978804111480713,
0.42968428134918213,
-0.8980605602264404,
-0.00015358188829850405,
0.013143123127520084,
-0.4927041530609131,
-0.03826373443007469,
-0.231377512216568,
-0.2045549750328064,
-0.12146807461977005,
0.1355251669883728,
0.3901040554046631,
0.19556871056556702,
0.128455251455307,
-0.2407049685716629,
-0.01577625796198845,
-0.2419140487909317,
-0.08507177233695984,
0.9536937475204468,
0.16146034002304077,
0.4625639319419861,
0.3343107998371124,
-0.5008845925331116,
0.5337238907814026,
0.5853425860404968,
0.17752130329608917,
-0.14189031720161438,
0.0940520167350769,
1.2856086492538452,
-0.13371315598487854,
-0.11465688794851303,
0.08057332783937454,
-0.6259213089942932,
0.015264901332557201,
0.35230812430381775,
0.0977935642004013,
0.12437953054904938,
0.08689896017313004,
1.1307491064071655,
0.19998720288276672,
-0.12824323773384094,
-0.2643794119358063,
-0.7711109519004822,
0.052741438150405884,
0.20543816685676575,
0.21521209180355072,
0.19506068527698517,
-0.040877632796764374,
-0.4974575936794281,
-0.3611160218715668,
-0.7188239693641663,
-0.15831489861011505,
0.05410366132855415,
-0.35437384247779846,
0.13892407715320587,
-0.10921086370944977,
0.6590839624404907,
0.3383901119232178,
-0.24533726274967194,
0.49961742758750916,
-0.6773229837417603,
0.3249576985836029,
0.32238292694091797,
-0.35878974199295044,
0.4522188901901245,
-0.2213706076145172,
-0.5524500608444214,
0.42509493231773376,
0.010346063412725925,
0.14668259024620056,
0.14135205745697021,
0.161456897854805,
-0.011924061924219131,
-0.47019216418266296,
0.10026770830154419,
0.6768391728401184,
-0.02945708855986595,
-0.5243780612945557,
-0.22065898776054382,
-0.2433837354183197,
0.2916448414325714,
-0.20930974185466766,
0.2845679521560669,
-0.2956719398498535,
0.238885298371315,
-0.0713643804192543,
-0.07865583151578903,
0.6094616055488586,
-0.3184971213340759,
0.06943418830633163,
-0.3713994324207306,
-0.07820247113704681,
0.07376031577587128,
0.05896313861012459,
-0.12969765067100525,
-0.7847973704338074,
-0.17582643032073975,
-0.19463887810707092,
-0.5510417222976685,
-0.3581441640853882,
-0.0001986720453714952,
-0.014946016483008862,
-0.08561603724956512,
0.5826215147972107,
-1.0540730953216553,
0.45268040895462036,
0.019774995744228363,
-0.18035557866096497,
-0.1503368616104126,
-0.0796794593334198,
-0.08333134651184082,
-0.32577717304229736,
-0.31422480940818787,
-0.16224367916584015,
-0.05907413363456726,
0.41932517290115356,
0.23466426134109497,
-0.23332343995571136,
-0.3982822000980377,
0.8193514347076416,
0.6436712145805359,
0.00784800574183464,
-0.14650455117225647,
-0.2664031684398651,
-0.5849806070327759,
0.1121414303779602,
-0.48138734698295593,
-0.03352753072977066,
-0.1962977647781372,
-0.0653274729847908,
0.05540575087070465,
0.44479459524154663,
-0.6414803266525269,
-0.10611344873905182,
0.037194881588220596,
0.17031624913215637,
0.6612322330474854,
0.15701600909233093,
0.19055187702178955,
-0.2241651713848114,
-0.7321075797080994,
-0.10704205930233002,
-0.012686099857091904,
0.7183801531791687,
-0.28382328152656555,
-0.3413989543914795,
0.2842397093772888,
-1.0778275728225708,
0.778121292591095,
-0.16674214601516724,
-0.4521091878414154,
0.28567594289779663,
-0.9604408144950867,
-0.12706641852855682,
-0.3591036796569824,
0.6086772680282593,
0.07994914054870605,
0.3151354491710663,
0.10326988995075226,
0.3923691511154175,
-0.01867925189435482,
-0.3917140066623688,
-0.9463903903961182,
0.3557316064834595,
-0.07083146274089813,
0.13068263232707977,
0.5428364872932434,
-0.4335639476776123,
0.16773250699043274,
-0.2801036536693573,
-5.2340593338012695,
0.7085277438163757,
-0.3551205098628998,
-0.623816728591919,
-0.08339039236307144,
-0.19827428460121155,
0.013834448531270027,
-0.0632532462477684,
0.37382015585899353,
0.43534135818481445,
0.3170816898345947,
-0.42252886295318604,
-0.6073933839797974,
0.6117998957633972,
0.22412362694740295,
0.6410794854164124,
0.8385641574859619,
0.07353954017162323,
-0.25820794701576233,
-0.008150425739586353,
-0.06620883196592331,
-0.413657546043396,
0.032407697290182114,
0.22386889159679413,
0.3799578845500946,
1.147024393081665,
-0.14914456009864807,
-0.2620657682418823,
-0.0336286723613739,
-0.2230934202671051,
0.1424858570098877,
0.12248018383979797,
-0.25756990909576416,
-0.3961305320262909,
0.5770266056060791,
-0.15036523342132568,
0.21349979937076569,
0.06261704862117767,
0.059393368661403656,
-0.05402917042374611,
0.857988178730011,
0.6492200493812561,
-0.9794362783432007,
-0.17346639931201935,
0.5974242091178894,
-0.4479309618473053,
-0.5799405574798584,
0.10839857161045074,
-0.3287794589996338,
0.4542574882507324,
0.00756266713142395,
-0.5951285362243652,
0.1435302495956421,
-0.042109664529561996,
0.33312466740608215,
0.21398255228996277,
0.17063595354557037,
0.2504517734050751,
-0.39976197481155396,
0.986068606376648,
0.23295658826828003,
-0.3237442076206207,
-0.3213294744491577,
0.23854418098926544,
-0.11140561103820801,
-0.22065088152885437,
-0.24747860431671143,
0.605962336063385,
0.5546137094497681,
0.068515345454216,
-0.040672559291124344,
0.7099354863166809,
-0.29223886132240295,
-0.533931314945221,
-0.11337846517562866,
-0.49889224767684937,
-0.8579148054122925,
-0.23634284734725952,
-0.34418419003486633,
-0.3413139581680298,
-0.010952805168926716,
0.1381164789199829,
0.764767050743103,
0.4255628287792206,
-0.14624173939228058,
-0.2164226621389389,
-0.6509396433830261,
0.6474536657333374,
-0.13227777183055878,
-0.14379693567752838,
0.4435707926750183,
-0.08897355198860168,
0.839440643787384,
-0.22852501273155212,
-0.3604111671447754,
0.2475074976682663,
0.14305289089679718,
-0.035236846655607224,
-0.3762572407722473,
-0.577544093132019,
0.5345450043678284,
-0.8134756684303284,
0.07178805768489838,
-0.2744235396385193,
-0.5501539707183838,
0.2366916835308075,
0.14564742147922516,
0.24660757184028625,
0.6580600142478943,
-0.10774071514606476,
-0.296311616897583,
-0.0756094679236412,
0.3516172766685486,
-0.3684258460998535,
0.8064016103744507,
-0.704289972782135,
0.12554149329662323,
0.7189354300498962,
0.4460417330265045,
-0.2366122007369995,
0.28446149826049805,
0.1158011332154274,
-0.21295170485973358,
-0.21517489850521088,
-0.5950111746788025,
-0.43556734919548035,
0.5989745855331421,
0.08371797204017639,
-0.3544527292251587,
0.4355112314224243,
0.04072676599025726,
-0.08014075458049774,
-0.5001314878463745,
-0.11928270757198334,
-0.46562036871910095,
-0.029406452551484108,
-0.26455992460250854,
-0.9723998308181763,
0.03557475656270981,
0.6604639291763306,
0.43387678265571594,
-0.13639669120311737,
-0.25006595253944397,
0.39362433552742004,
-0.30682358145713806,
-0.1303834468126297,
0.3912389576435089,
0.5514524579048157,
-0.8334607481956482,
0.017306098714470863,
-0.34130775928497314,
-0.3310674726963043,
-0.4389444589614868,
-0.7497425079345703,
-0.07949727028608322,
-0.2839381694793701,
0.5342281460762024,
0.18834680318832397,
0.7958149909973145,
-0.32047536969184875,
0.2677706480026245,
0.32984110713005066,
-0.7181504964828491,
0.24282993376255035,
0.14472995698451996,
-0.03629037365317345,
-0.6883034110069275,
0.0704585537314415,
-0.1914115697145462,
0.5232352614402771,
0.5850604176521301,
-0.6795103549957275,
-0.4210420846939087,
-0.8342415690422058,
0.08257414400577545,
-0.39857199788093567,
-0.229367196559906,
0.12507666647434235,
-0.4044741094112396,
-0.4228394329547882,
-0.09643451869487762,
-0.8882169723510742,
-0.6832166910171509,
0.010667886584997177,
0.16822998225688934,
-0.5341311097145081,
0.19662664830684662,
-0.21948300302028656,
0.3062347173690796,
-0.048193786293268204,
-0.04425918683409691,
-0.8038874864578247,
0.05878215283155441,
0.008826756849884987,
0.04069763794541359,
-0.5956301689147949,
-0.1415042132139206,
-0.24160268902778625,
-0.48248291015625,
-0.6507939696311951,
-0.6316142678260803,
0.6051956415176392,
-0.26957419514656067,
0.37946954369544983,
-0.04000953212380409,
-0.734413743019104,
0.3518756031990051,
0.05253911390900612,
-0.5109607577323914,
1.2644855976104736,
-0.5906710028648376,
-0.4935903251171112,
0.9906438589096069,
0.5952242016792297,
-0.22751541435718536,
-0.1920047551393509,
0.23338092863559723,
-0.30937597155570984,
-0.7301819920539856,
-0.24507133662700653,
-0.6600983142852783,
0.15793758630752563,
-0.3899385333061218,
-0.24187201261520386,
-0.12781061232089996,
0.23477913439273834,
0.6247150897979736,
-0.708564281463623,
1.2420101165771484,
-0.7497355937957764,
-0.06364675611257553,
-0.07841335982084274,
0.08553723245859146,
0.24448788166046143,
-0.0888557881116867,
0.03711102157831192,
0.09800796955823898,
-0.47427910566329956,
0.498785138130188,
-0.17448727786540985,
0.5410395860671997,
0.45517697930336,
-0.0877939909696579,
-0.27048397064208984,
-0.10275867581367493,
-0.4658886194229126,
0.6853879690170288,
0.39408862590789795,
-0.7277956604957581,
0.7217138409614563,
0.3336164653301239,
-0.3782804608345032,
-0.8310365080833435,
-0.13511376082897186,
0.26959675550460815,
-0.489191472530365,
0.05151236429810524,
0.5404155850410461,
0.03033950738608837,
-0.16715435683727264,
0.2394588142633438,
-0.011433565057814121,
0.18451792001724243,
-0.20954777300357819,
0.1896585375070572,
0.03371916711330414,
-0.353939026594162,
-0.5063542723655701,
0.5573070645332336,
-0.16272346675395966,
0.14398223161697388,
0.010348618030548096,
0.2539193034172058,
0.43525269627571106,
-0.36330264806747437,
0.3033331632614136,
0.34843072295188904,
-0.7975977063179016,
0.22399191558361053,
0.16372032463550568,
-0.8689629435539246,
-0.19255095720291138,
-0.4309822618961334,
-0.4064709544181824,
0.5475385189056396,
-1.329270839691162,
0.043004173785448074,
0.03835302218794823,
-0.8517592549324036,
0.024449098855257034,
0.1211477741599083,
0.11232505738735199,
-0.2643713057041168,
-0.8576724529266357,
-0.3440661132335663,
0.28590309619903564,
0.03773200884461403,
0.35274815559387207,
0.24092364311218262,
0.33761534094810486,
-1.4113959074020386,
0.7195454239845276,
-0.4078611731529236,
-1.0484527349472046,
0.6965295076370239,
-0.28704962134361267,
-0.46547478437423706,
0.15934622287750244,
-0.11412394046783447,
0.19967685639858246,
-0.23665164411067963,
-0.12003004550933838,
0.5790131688117981,
0.9918132424354553,
-0.7398611903190613,
0.2732771933078766,
0.5043323040008545,
-0.6421785354614258,
0.24661298096179962,
0.2603737711906433,
-0.5401602983474731,
0.45135733485221863,
0.6209206581115723,
0.5624224543571472,
0.3424984812736511,
1.3411095142364502,
0.23489253222942352,
0.5271451473236084,
-0.1251506358385086,
0.23646511137485504,
-0.0921347364783287,
-0.5727622509002686,
-0.6371898055076599,
0.3802151679992676,
-0.48348212242126465,
-0.12900424003601074,
-0.11515848338603973,
-0.5647045969963074,
-1.1762959957122803,
1.0563673973083496,
0.0956873819231987,
0.040667932480573654,
0.21053434908390045,
0.055329661816358566,
-0.17463044822216034,
-0.6224074363708496,
-0.12905853986740112,
0.05103446915745735,
-0.006404835265129805,
-1.0805654525756836,
0.42698365449905396,
0.13820931315422058,
0.02394970692694187,
-0.3240514099597931,
0.19600479304790497,
-0.3099175989627838,
0.15888559818267822,
-0.005032342858612537,
-0.9108756184577942,
-0.15839077532291412,
0.2013271600008011,
0.01913376897573471,
1.1053088903427124,
0.4687887728214264,
0.008365107700228691,
-0.03724304959177971,
0.7982531189918518,
0.45027491450309753,
-0.5525503158569336,
0.7146481275558472,
0.5696861147880554,
0.4709232449531555,
0.5405324697494507,
0.16090939939022064,
-0.04382290318608284,
0.33797746896743774,
-0.10934322327375412,
0.7514267563819885,
0.18359018862247467,
-0.2859340310096741,
0.12341064214706421,
0.23015648126602173,
0.15386584401130676,
-0.3078879415988922,
-0.08304139226675034,
-0.4199942648410797,
-0.31279730796813965,
0.05022600665688515,
-0.029297299683094025,
-0.4187301695346832,
0.23899413645267487,
0.015630163252353668,
-0.23768585920333862,
0.3135092258453369,
-0.3947581648826599,
-0.4482441246509552,
0.31045687198638916,
0.7694531679153442,
0.5207378268241882,
0.9451572895050049,
0.7950465679168701,
-0.07213251292705536,
-0.31148502230644226,
0.19356638193130493,
-0.29655519127845764,
0.2544553875923157,
-0.3903406262397766,
0.610346794128418,
-0.36746716499328613,
0.24421989917755127,
-0.08258558809757233,
0.0612451396882534,
-0.0204647034406662,
0.5283331871032715,
-0.07569290697574615,
-0.045291122049093246,
1.097215175628662,
0.16911347210407257,
-0.7824904322624207,
-0.45829200744628906,
-0.12960724532604218,
-0.21952670812606812,
0.18620431423187256,
1.092294692993164,
0.3743806481361389,
-0.38478535413742065,
-0.0748472809791565,
0.06926167756319046,
-0.7624337077140808,
0.17973610758781433,
0.18516461551189423,
-1.208199143409729,
-0.6408215165138245,
-0.15658847987651825,
-0.28921669721603394,
-0.055935803800821304,
-0.22106532752513885,
0.9042505025863647,
0.26974985003471375,
-0.4129602313041687,
-0.07783807814121246,
0.08009204268455505,
0.13861572742462158,
-0.02918335236608982,
0.18090875446796417,
0.2418210208415985,
-0.6407662630081177,
-0.3509749174118042,
-0.37292107939720154,
0.5268344283103943,
-0.4767439067363739,
-0.43188199400901794,
0.5307290554046631,
0.3735695779323578,
0.5574929118156433,
0.1444796323776245,
-0.10151481628417969,
-0.2907467782497406,
0.16641712188720703,
-0.1668432205915451
]
|
128360 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar-Mac%2C%20North%20Carolina | Mar-Mac, North Carolina | Mar-Mac is a census-designated place (CDP) in Wayne County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 3,011 at the 2007 census. It is included in the Goldsboro, North Carolina Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Geography
Mar-Mac is located at (35.331502, -78.046751).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , of which, of it is land and of it (0.68%) is water.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 3,004 people, 1,232 households, and 868 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 685.7 people per square mile (264.8/km). There were 1,485 housing units at an average density of 338.9 per square mile (130.9/km). The racial makeup of the CDP was 75.00% White, 19.54% African American, 0.53% Native American, 1.50% Asian, 2.10% from other races, and 1.33% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.16% of the population.
There were 1,232 households, out of which 30.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.1% were married couples living together, 13.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.5% were non-families. 24.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.43 and the average family size was 2.88.
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 22.5% under the age of 18, 9.5% from 18 to 24, 28.9% from 25 to 44, 26.8% from 45 to 64, and 12.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.1 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $40,145, and the median income for a family was $43,235. Males had a median income of $30,279 versus $21,715 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $18,794. About 5.3% of families and 7.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.9% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over.
Education
Education in Mar-Mac is administered by the Wayne County Public School system with children attending schools in nearby townships. Higher education is offered through Wayne Community College in Goldsboro and Mount Olive College in Mount Olive.
Transportation
Passenger
Air: Mar-Mac is served through nearby Kinston Regional Jetport with service to Orlando, Florida. Raleigh-Durham International Airport is the closest major airport with service to more than 45 domestic and international destinations. Goldsboro-Wayne Municipal Airport is an airport located nearby, but is only used for general aviation.
Interstate Highway: I-795 is the closest Interstate to Mar-Mac, which is located 5 miles north in Goldsboro.
Mar-Mac is not served directly by passenger trains. The closest Amtrak station is located in Selma.
Bus: The area is served by Greyhound with a location in nearby Goldsboro.
Roads
The main highways in Mar-Mac are US 117 and US 13.
References
Census-designated places in North Carolina
Census-designated places in Wayne County, North Carolina
Populated places on the Neuse River | [
-1.1386642456054688,
0.8286871314048767,
0.4340568780899048,
-0.3900200128555298,
0.49705925583839417,
0.3724505603313446,
0.9252110123634338,
0.8680892586708069,
-0.36470574140548706,
0.2693251669406891,
-0.3527977466583252,
0.6804235577583313,
-0.1872580498456955,
0.7532591819763184,
-0.5253323316574097,
0.7627243399620056,
0.19409041106700897,
0.8126378059387207,
0.42860621213912964,
-0.545180082321167,
0.06480336934328079,
-0.6819695234298706,
0.2061874121427536,
0.12532344460487366,
-0.07676804810762405,
0.3946467936038971,
0.6346096992492676,
-0.10130903869867325,
0.3601883053779602,
0.3234950006008148,
-0.1620040088891983,
0.8333143591880798,
-0.5778864026069641,
-0.3348143994808197,
0.2978363037109375,
0.07823944091796875,
0.2603336274623871,
-0.1247708797454834,
0.2080564945936203,
-0.22080200910568237,
-0.3523872494697571,
-0.2329021394252777,
0.19420352578163147,
-0.02537446841597557,
0.42541998624801636,
-0.7781421542167664,
-1.2997353076934814,
0.43427419662475586,
-0.8695042729377747,
-0.37807098031044006,
-0.8511000275611877,
0.7566093802452087,
-0.047583457082509995,
-0.0577009916305542,
-0.002006551017984748,
0.3427431583404541,
-0.14848650991916656,
-0.12840984761714935,
1.1203798055648804,
0.3571661710739136,
-0.11021710932254791,
0.2681131660938263,
-0.0641627088189125,
0.1642305999994278,
-0.33047428727149963,
0.06449608504772186,
-0.37961629033088684,
1.0820680856704712,
-0.5441139936447144,
-0.3817574679851532,
-0.444551944732666,
0.1706838309764862,
0.22704146802425385,
0.34705862402915955,
0.011041647754609585,
0.5102671384811401,
-0.4595390558242798,
0.004650687333196402,
0.0311021339148283,
-0.3837581276893616,
0.4142017364501953,
-0.1779077649116516,
0.6837776303291321,
-0.025795985013246536,
0.471518337726593,
0.5976113080978394,
-0.6306540369987488,
0.3546425998210907,
0.20827694237232208,
1.0934244394302368,
-0.9166657328605652,
0.1801302582025528,
-0.008100283332169056,
-0.10776302218437195,
-0.014931351877748966,
-0.22625724971294403,
-0.09222139418125153,
0.03091217391192913,
-0.07285241782665253,
0.6809418201446533,
-0.08426131308078766,
0.7165572643280029,
0.8802489042282104,
-0.42169782519340515,
-0.8959957361221313,
0.048537179827690125,
-0.43681517243385315,
-0.38808995485305786,
0.0425012968480587,
-0.1434548944234848,
-0.4588446319103241,
0.32628342509269714,
-0.35976848006248474,
-0.40686431527137756,
-0.31253525614738464,
0.5688996911048889,
0.27475807070732117,
-0.7931041121482849,
0.10311125963926315,
-0.12634752690792084,
0.5858581066131592,
0.9237548112869263,
-0.6723746657371521,
0.06341324746608734,
0.3040223717689514,
0.42739003896713257,
0.44329696893692017,
-0.28592628240585327,
0.10768290609121323,
0.8350761532783508,
-0.3981442153453827,
0.4902617037296295,
0.07493051141500473,
0.014921652153134346,
-0.1722515970468521,
-0.4372382164001465,
0.5296976566314697,
0.36165177822113037,
0.943388819694519,
0.3956761658191681,
-0.9332138895988464,
-0.4192502200603485,
-0.6335359811782837,
-0.568297803401947,
0.3721751570701599,
0.3981383740901947,
-0.34161141514778137,
-0.5542481541633606,
0.35447418689727783,
-0.19731441140174866,
0.48929303884506226,
-0.30219271779060364,
0.5460028648376465,
0.2450769543647766,
-0.3909248411655426,
0.5936548113822937,
-0.18506819009780884,
0.026621690019965172,
0.561373233795166,
0.4788929224014282,
0.08369340747594833,
0.6188568472862244,
0.5930173993110657,
0.18444912135601044,
0.550915002822876,
0.3592812716960907,
0.4670087993144989,
-0.38407954573631287,
0.3768194317817688,
0.347040593624115,
-0.8237587809562683,
0.08417435735464096,
0.6258794665336609,
-0.5840445756912231,
0.24715499579906464,
0.03970794007182121,
1.3360538482666016,
0.4447088837623596,
-0.2021680474281311,
-0.4435001015663147,
-0.6520309448242188,
0.20633774995803833,
0.858898937702179,
0.044899873435497284,
0.05960339307785034,
-0.2892192602157593,
0.5702931880950928,
-0.5391521453857422,
-0.4753769338130951,
0.19032162427902222,
-0.5614063143730164,
-0.28887704014778137,
1.3523234128952026,
0.04981577396392822,
1.0207760334014893,
0.6713787913322449,
-0.7330588698387146,
0.4861092269420624,
-0.6398473381996155,
0.5525965094566345,
-0.2682569921016693,
-0.768276572227478,
0.5979949831962585,
-0.14501872658729553,
-0.5072614550590515,
0.5210228562355042,
-0.03087618760764599,
-0.05413678660988808,
0.4645019471645355,
0.142381951212883,
-0.3841186761856079,
-0.4630535840988159,
-0.3353927433490753,
0.6623183488845825,
-0.27151361107826233,
-1.0151983499526978,
0.2470872700214386,
-0.2077247053384781,
0.18261761963367462,
-0.7740499377250671,
0.7170190215110779,
-0.229692280292511,
0.19903333485126495,
-0.009760481305420399,
-0.00880779791623354,
0.6273790597915649,
0.2088446319103241,
0.44738081097602844,
-0.223918154835701,
0.05585663765668869,
0.3324927091598511,
0.48795557022094727,
0.21095377206802368,
-0.82826167345047,
-0.21625657379627228,
-0.10054235905408859,
-0.2648119330406189,
-0.7686374187469482,
0.04804477468132973,
-0.6509919166564941,
-0.3518980145454407,
0.6482377648353577,
-0.9798388481140137,
0.24547766149044037,
0.14288267493247986,
0.026182211935520172,
-0.20996981859207153,
0.3125479519367218,
0.09751269221305847,
-0.36955058574676514,
-0.3774648904800415,
0.24093347787857056,
0.670074462890625,
-0.3941141664981842,
0.055582817643880844,
0.5657364726066589,
0.242146298289299,
0.6386895179748535,
-0.26120510697364807,
0.0453941635787487,
-0.6384322643280029,
0.4836829602718353,
-0.48925408720970154,
0.2943638265132904,
-0.09798957407474518,
-0.47124621272087097,
-0.06629228591918945,
-0.30631694197654724,
-0.23671017587184906,
0.20170409977436066,
0.09482575953006744,
-1.0170594453811646,
0.10014578700065613,
-0.4638485312461853,
0.7124491333961487,
0.337069571018219,
-0.23392534255981445,
-0.36862674355506897,
-0.811669647693634,
-0.08698736131191254,
0.31834864616394043,
1.2103452682495117,
-0.2192966639995575,
-0.44910043478012085,
-0.03214682638645172,
0.14263293147087097,
1.0468430519104004,
-0.04044504463672638,
-0.34553468227386475,
-0.12318431586027145,
-0.10696125775575638,
-0.1799728274345398,
-0.15140587091445923,
1.0653494596481323,
-0.4799238443374634,
0.117630735039711,
-0.026619169861078262,
0.15092115104198456,
0.43519189953804016,
0.04045243561267853,
-0.40027129650115967,
-0.10195435583591461,
-0.43173322081565857,
0.1540451943874359,
-0.003683021990582347,
-0.6276092529296875,
-0.17699582874774933,
0.1624700427055359,
-4.6415510177612305,
0.3729183077812195,
-0.68600994348526,
-0.7656816244125366,
0.3126709759235382,
-0.5241611003875732,
0.08366505056619644,
-0.6621275544166565,
-0.12275195866823196,
0.9205513000488281,
0.06312897056341171,
-0.2355564832687378,
-0.2184513509273529,
0.4950527250766754,
1.2305066585540771,
0.7181769013404846,
0.6590721607208252,
-0.2705971598625183,
0.8096081614494324,
-0.06776288151741028,
-0.12283780425786972,
0.044837530702352524,
-0.3084307312965393,
-0.4201834797859192,
0.5497173070907593,
1.2784178256988525,
-0.14644640684127808,
-0.598139226436615,
-0.731752336025238,
0.4053526818752289,
0.3240157663822174,
0.2093118578195572,
-0.26648780703544617,
-0.6156949996948242,
-0.26417168974876404,
-0.2670964300632477,
0.276496946811676,
-0.23871512711048126,
0.337457537651062,
-0.5913934111595154,
0.2422841191291809,
0.48912715911865234,
-0.6042026281356812,
-0.0771012157201767,
0.6100049614906311,
-0.3418881893157959,
-0.657805323600769,
-0.3086651861667633,
-0.028950585052371025,
0.7459896802902222,
-0.0007094694301486015,
-0.5894383192062378,
0.7377583384513855,
-0.04998455196619034,
0.22278659045696259,
-0.549976646900177,
0.7033513784408569,
-0.3402935564517975,
-0.4061115086078644,
0.4752645194530487,
0.62041836977005,
-0.9444992542266846,
-0.28117313981056213,
-0.4597121775150299,
0.32268932461738586,
-0.5162765979766846,
0.2692072093486786,
-0.2405906766653061,
0.3853437602519989,
-0.12838517129421234,
0.038030046969652176,
0.176433727145195,
-0.6618895530700684,
-0.663287341594696,
0.18620075285434723,
-0.6709458827972412,
-0.6493130326271057,
-0.08587387949228287,
-0.38022521138191223,
-0.2752964496612549,
0.11642191559076309,
0.2181253731250763,
0.11207231134176254,
0.12950991094112396,
-0.10954827815294266,
-0.27896276116371155,
-0.08747555315494537,
0.11442140489816666,
-0.5676224827766418,
-0.25650739669799805,
0.5989355444908142,
-0.18609574437141418,
0.6613568663597107,
0.06607172638177872,
0.09730911999940872,
0.407758891582489,
0.7825077772140503,
0.19251134991645813,
-0.010133976116776466,
-0.8812282681465149,
0.24260680377483368,
-0.5396848917007446,
0.17432479560375214,
-0.2938818633556366,
-0.46568500995635986,
-0.39931583404541016,
0.10226769000291824,
0.14948394894599915,
0.3259313106536865,
-0.051991697400808334,
-0.3805784583091736,
-0.252052366733551,
-0.030872421339154243,
-0.019463058561086655,
0.11372105777263641,
0.016480781137943268,
-0.14213159680366516,
0.720188558101654,
0.6014412641525269,
0.4172457158565521,
0.4397478401660919,
-0.08451526612043381,
0.27779921889305115,
-0.11730385571718216,
-0.6449277400970459,
-0.6199324727058411,
0.8082744479179382,
0.2938902676105499,
-0.747342050075531,
0.5165131688117981,
-0.030252188444137573,
-0.5330206155776978,
-0.3974420130252838,
-0.39171794056892395,
-0.26376426219940186,
-0.13483737409114838,
-0.4193251132965088,
-0.7272487878799438,
0.17275077104568481,
0.4501335322856903,
0.56453537940979,
0.006824714131653309,
-0.6239741444587708,
0.542661726474762,
-0.4657624363899231,
-0.024135176092386246,
0.22255492210388184,
0.4227582812309265,
-1.0133239030838013,
0.7347571849822998,
-0.9010428786277771,
-0.4929298460483551,
-0.5482227206230164,
-0.972396969795227,
-0.020541930571198463,
-0.3079565763473511,
0.077613465487957,
-0.07153943181037903,
0.48085325956344604,
-0.350053608417511,
-0.03342351317405701,
0.3318319618701935,
-1.0626462697982788,
0.702415943145752,
-0.20343801379203796,
-0.5734070539474487,
-0.17091664671897888,
-0.3614099621772766,
-0.6598684787750244,
0.8209900856018066,
0.22730706632137299,
-0.391906201839447,
-0.3397393524646759,
-0.4711911678314209,
0.2967076897621155,
-0.45036157965660095,
0.30410802364349365,
0.26284152269363403,
0.37521353363990784,
-0.01854121685028076,
-0.2729100286960602,
-0.03021083027124405,
-0.4031405746936798,
-0.19381453096866608,
0.19596999883651733,
-0.755875825881958,
-0.4539768099784851,
-0.49702274799346924,
0.1427411437034607,
-0.20710571110248566,
0.4381866753101349,
-0.7789337635040283,
0.23279418051242828,
-0.1822298914194107,
-0.49421268701553345,
-0.7576079368591309,
0.3809795677661896,
-0.0839066356420517,
0.23152263462543488,
-0.2874326705932617,
0.27298131585121155,
0.7863754034042358,
-0.320925235748291,
0.8639109134674072,
-0.18785139918327332,
-1.0812100172042847,
0.27260783314704895,
0.7782926559448242,
-1.1613041162490845,
1.1426674127578735,
0.08253108710050583,
-0.9019202589988708,
0.5145921111106873,
0.8538840413093567,
-0.22943341732025146,
-0.06607244908809662,
0.007642787415534258,
-0.21807605028152466,
-0.4177311062812805,
-0.16641885042190552,
-0.7569569945335388,
-0.41846099495887756,
-0.25212565064430237,
-0.5935494899749756,
-0.699285089969635,
0.429652601480484,
0.5807050466537476,
-0.5697241425514221,
1.4101279973983765,
-1.0265402793884277,
-0.3127589523792267,
0.21272499859333038,
0.6373431086540222,
0.002685192273929715,
0.004880019463598728,
-0.19827038049697876,
-0.4252101182937622,
-0.07010376453399658,
0.6227480173110962,
0.1875402331352234,
0.05718368664383888,
0.7656006217002869,
0.37488049268722534,
-0.8168345093727112,
-0.34600383043289185,
-0.6221516728401184,
0.7998392581939697,
-0.382052481174469,
-0.7998976111412048,
0.628572940826416,
0.6281141042709351,
-0.7480759024620056,
-1.0578545331954956,
0.06050828844308853,
1.2885279655456543,
-0.11144020408391953,
-0.027031822130084038,
0.4931367039680481,
-0.2241077572107315,
0.14590583741664886,
0.061210520565509796,
0.1628832370042801,
-0.23232683539390564,
0.3055180609226227,
0.41617438197135925,
-0.2724820077419281,
0.1968759298324585,
-0.407666951417923,
0.7210114002227783,
-0.09880062192678452,
-0.3854653835296631,
-0.36497366428375244,
0.5492836833000183,
0.5318942070007324,
-1.0221450328826904,
-0.06774654239416122,
0.15538622438907623,
-0.9663737416267395,
0.13521435856819153,
0.02023645117878914,
-0.5369919538497925,
-0.05600837618112564,
-0.019475240260362625,
0.11415485292673111,
0.6551071405410767,
-0.8433722853660583,
0.004679482895880938,
-0.15752370655536652,
-0.11207979917526245,
0.5395148992538452,
-0.08040837943553925,
0.5207233428955078,
-0.36267611384391785,
-0.48971694707870483,
-0.17196312546730042,
0.2721668779850006,
0.08329453319311142,
0.09282616525888443,
-0.5640456676483154,
0.13005103170871735,
-1.5969266891479492,
0.965483546257019,
-0.22790434956550598,
-0.36669793725013733,
0.5646386742591858,
-0.33470430970191956,
-0.563676118850708,
-0.4729616940021515,
0.05591817572712898,
0.20565222203731537,
-0.24729792773723602,
0.36564698815345764,
0.43741780519485474,
0.5699870586395264,
-0.26549291610717773,
0.33992382884025574,
0.3660184442996979,
-0.6726805567741394,
-0.29254308342933655,
0.3692580461502075,
-0.19126775860786438,
0.27493229508399963,
0.7457786798477173,
0.6811364889144897,
0.05915248766541481,
1.6939259767532349,
-0.09090760350227356,
0.16234120726585388,
0.15768283605575562,
0.009500600397586823,
0.14737284183502197,
-0.5760612487792969,
-0.9318053722381592,
0.12104006856679916,
-0.6742019653320312,
-0.6122276782989502,
0.13368509709835052,
-0.04750475287437439,
-0.5055299997329712,
0.7421477437019348,
-0.3942260146141052,
0.3919530212879181,
0.25319114327430725,
-0.12245313823223114,
-0.18890459835529327,
-0.6353355646133423,
-0.09571188688278198,
0.4832569360733032,
0.10659248381853104,
-1.0635417699813843,
-0.08281407505273819,
-0.056192293763160706,
-0.5664941668510437,
-0.49979567527770996,
0.037501271814107895,
0.3782385289669037,
0.12167622148990631,
-0.27504754066467285,
-0.9117828607559204,
0.172538161277771,
0.16650061309337616,
-0.18703100085258484,
0.5135132670402527,
0.29434651136398315,
0.08835101872682571,
-0.3216550648212433,
0.5301885008811951,
0.28020983934402466,
-0.08344347774982452,
0.9801357984542847,
0.44660207629203796,
0.5081924796104431,
0.5195107460021973,
0.23961082100868225,
0.14680294692516327,
0.09991688281297684,
-0.0061835553497076035,
0.3779758810997009,
-0.1267865151166916,
0.1697278618812561,
-0.4040510654449463,
-0.028558189049363136,
0.01086732093244791,
-0.6321017742156982,
0.4371776878833771,
0.0596768781542778,
-0.37511155009269714,
0.10875707119703293,
0.2508852779865265,
-0.41909828782081604,
0.2343873679637909,
-0.22030894458293915,
-0.4395829141139984,
0.22197498381137848,
-0.23137439787387848,
0.25017112493515015,
0.11018113791942596,
0.7458564639091492,
0.6247488260269165,
0.3179141879081726,
0.47220444679260254,
0.30685555934906006,
-0.2701059579849243,
0.21647529304027557,
-0.1099354475736618,
0.3263383209705353,
-0.3481919765472412,
0.44348713755607605,
-0.8488724827766418,
0.6803793907165527,
-0.25511571764945984,
0.6696891784667969,
-0.12733133137226105,
0.993276834487915,
-0.623342752456665,
-0.16917140781879425,
0.69036465883255,
-0.40275582671165466,
-0.2656486928462982,
-0.18082648515701294,
-0.03951495140790939,
-0.6152023077011108,
0.5680598616600037,
0.8047271966934204,
0.06438449770212173,
-0.3786117136478424,
-0.0991353988647461,
-0.12966400384902954,
-0.5049891471862793,
-0.1710522621870041,
0.5426719188690186,
-0.688830554485321,
0.3588077127933502,
-0.02994709089398384,
-0.3877527117729187,
-0.1881338655948639,
-0.5544064044952393,
0.970468282699585,
0.49095892906188965,
-0.465023934841156,
-0.06640549749135971,
-0.6660836338996887,
0.45609745383262634,
-0.20259104669094086,
-0.33077919483184814,
-0.1297016739845276,
-0.9122770428657532,
-0.9739353060722351,
-0.46135178208351135,
0.34284651279449463,
-0.27615514397621155,
-1.0834492444992065,
-0.08396968990564346,
-0.4471258521080017,
0.2860260605812073,
0.19188202917575836,
-0.2042597234249115,
-0.4375249743461609,
0.45803940296173096,
0.19702190160751343
]
|
128361 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pikeville%2C%20North%20Carolina | Pikeville, North Carolina | Pikeville is a town in Wayne County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 678 at the 2010 census. It is included in the Goldsboro, North Carolina Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is notable for being the home of Collier Motors, an automobile sales and service business established in 1955 that has remained an American Motors (AMC) dealership.
Geography
Pikeville is located at (35.498829, -77.986114).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , all of it land.
History
Early history
Torhunta was a large Native American farming community in present-day northern Wayne county before settlers destroyed it during the Tuscarora War. The Native Americans left North Carolina and returned to their home in New York where they became members of the Iroquois Nation. After the Native Americans left the area, there was an influx of settlers who came into the rich Neuse River lands and began to clear plantations. Many of these settlers were of the Religious Society of Friends, also known as Quakers.
Samuel Pike moved to the area and settled on the south side of Nahunta Swamp which had been granted by King George II of Great Britain in 1763. This grant of land included between 2,500 and . In 1785, Pike deeded most of this land to his only son Nathan. It was this Nathan Pike for whom the township, the Post Office, and later the town was named.
Nathan Pike owned and operated a large tavern, shop, trading post and hotel. It was then known as Pikeβs Junction. In 1856, the first post office opened. During the period of 1793 to 1835 Pike sold around of his land to other families who came here to settle.
Civil War
During General Shermanβs Carolinas Campaign in 1865, Pikeville suffered the same fate of many southern towns. Union soldiers destroyed the hotel and tavern Nathan Pike had built, and many buildings and homes were damaged or destroyed. Some of General Shermanβs forces camped in areas east of Pikeville during this time.
Turn of the century
The first school in the area was located at a crossroads named Mount Carmel in 1865. In 1908, the Pikeville grade school was made Pikeville High School. It was composed of the schools of Mount Carmel, Sherradβs Cross Roads, Pleasant Grove, Oak Dale, Possum Trot, Taylorβs Oak Grove, Smithβs Patetown as well as Pikeville grade School. In 1960, Charles B. Aycock High School was opened in Pikeville in honor of the state governor who was an advocate for quality education.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 719 people, 306 households, and 197 families residing in the town. The population density was 1,355.7 people per square mile (523.8/km). There were 334 housing units at an average density of 629.7 per square mile (243.3/km). The racial makeup of the town was 96.52% White, 1.11% African American, 0.42% Native American, 0.83% Asian, 0.42% from other races, and 0.70% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.95% of the population.
There were 306 households, out of which 30.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.6% were married couples living together, 8.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.6% were non-families. 32.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.35 and the average family size was 2.98.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 25.0% under the age of 18, 7.4% from 18 to 24, 28.8% from 25 to 44, 20.9% from 45 to 64, and 17.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.6 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $37,500, and the median income for a family was $53,750. Males had a median income of $30,469 versus $23,750 for females. The per capita income for the town was $18,526. Below the poverty line were 8.2% of people, 6.4% of families, 8.5% of those under 18 and 12.1% of those over 64.
Education
Education in Pikeville is administered by the Wayne County Public Schools system. Schools located in the town include Northeast Elementary School, Northwest Elementary School and Charles B. Aycock High School. Higher education is offered through Wayne Community College in Goldsboro.
Transportation
Passenger
Air: Raleigh-Durham International Airport is the closest major airport with service to more than 45 domestic and international destinations. Wayne Executive Jetport is an airport located nearby, but is only used for general aviation.
Interstate Highway: Interstate 795 runs just west of Pikeville and I-95 is located west in Kenly.
Pikeville is not served directly by passenger trains. The closest Amtrak station is located in Wilson.
Bus: The area is served by Greyhound with a location in nearby Goldsboro.
Roads
The main highways in Pikeville are Interstate 795 and US 117.
References
External links
Town website
Towns in North Carolina
Towns in Wayne County, North Carolina | [
-0.23838594555854797,
0.5234472751617432,
0.026047121733427048,
-0.2508804202079773,
0.652637779712677,
0.4653565287590027,
0.7835531234741211,
0.8162834048271179,
-0.6131076216697693,
-0.16147272288799286,
-0.46471959352493286,
0.27691590785980225,
-0.6889663934707642,
1.038198709487915,
-0.7678080797195435,
0.9108478426933289,
0.0063513959757983685,
0.7297177910804749,
0.16978761553764343,
-0.5996330976486206,
-0.1499517410993576,
-0.5093065500259399,
0.39509811997413635,
0.28931164741516113,
0.037507131695747375,
0.19490623474121094,
0.20192192494869232,
-0.13345681130886078,
0.13008256256580353,
0.036848291754722595,
-0.10833333432674408,
0.5751262903213501,
-0.4284008741378784,
0.23997588455677032,
-0.006320455111563206,
-0.4430716931819916,
-0.20411036908626556,
0.3031628131866455,
0.5135987401008606,
-0.29851213097572327,
-0.20754943788051605,
-0.2621755003929138,
0.09141219407320023,
-0.03246178850531578,
0.4805990755558014,
-0.3206515610218048,
-1.6832847595214844,
0.26251402497291565,
-0.8875780701637268,
-1.2786073684692383,
-0.927672266960144,
0.7019835710525513,
-0.11570270359516144,
0.6328713297843933,
0.31528031826019287,
0.12444646656513214,
-0.1655111461877823,
-0.08863720297813416,
1.1326489448547363,
0.21062731742858887,
-0.43009597063064575,
0.7706356048583984,
0.15391546487808228,
0.387610524892807,
-0.3417547643184662,
-0.11619915068149567,
0.07246986031532288,
0.8439900875091553,
-0.12981392443180084,
-0.4786681830883026,
-0.08594917505979538,
0.2391291707754135,
0.053897369652986526,
0.22119855880737305,
0.2642057240009308,
0.4522947669029236,
-0.041978009045124054,
0.16205546259880066,
0.20091132819652557,
-0.04594770073890686,
0.6484930515289307,
0.12028132379055023,
0.6732344031333923,
-0.2914069592952728,
0.44790536165237427,
0.653018593788147,
-0.9325221180915833,
0.4192844033241272,
0.3652871251106262,
0.6371790170669556,
-0.7621689438819885,
0.47308945655822754,
-0.4127921760082245,
-0.1669602245092392,
-0.20725052058696747,
0.6207678914070129,
0.17485402524471283,
0.2371930032968521,
0.012294941581785679,
0.23819853365421295,
-0.4691672921180725,
0.017413994297385216,
1.189111590385437,
-0.4382227957248688,
-0.2228623479604721,
0.2703655958175659,
-0.2842550575733185,
0.14895427227020264,
0.24402183294296265,
-0.07042542845010757,
-0.8296443223953247,
0.507315993309021,
-0.3091874122619629,
-0.5283413529396057,
-0.5070095658302307,
0.12671387195587158,
-0.08943367749452591,
-0.6664572954177856,
-0.2554856538772583,
0.04311804845929146,
-0.4761947989463806,
0.619025468826294,
-0.6642775535583496,
0.7821418046951294,
0.3316076397895813,
0.524669349193573,
0.01704246923327446,
-0.3406049609184265,
0.17249616980552673,
0.23449236154556274,
-0.09406423568725586,
0.5005527138710022,
-0.12437707930803299,
0.3679385781288147,
-0.050655465573072433,
-0.5556709170341492,
-0.12292566895484924,
0.20452767610549927,
0.705012321472168,
0.06958767026662827,
-1.034746527671814,
-0.17983531951904297,
-0.36114302277565,
-0.2862306237220764,
-0.3922159969806671,
-0.28235164284706116,
-0.26035985350608826,
-0.2114124745130539,
0.573665201663971,
0.6274669170379639,
0.10985499620437622,
0.270283043384552,
-0.03490835428237915,
0.2839823067188263,
-0.5558640360832214,
-0.16234302520751953,
0.4586937427520752,
0.2775155305862427,
0.6152121424674988,
0.31960004568099976,
0.1002344936132431,
1.1111606359481812,
0.2687310576438904,
0.39818069338798523,
0.3555225431919098,
-0.044053200632333755,
0.6991372108459473,
-0.9165258407592773,
0.25118643045425415,
0.06589877605438232,
-0.6046571731567383,
0.5283170342445374,
0.39439383149147034,
-0.37631669640541077,
0.15679967403411865,
-0.004020176362246275,
0.4422204792499542,
0.5579981207847595,
0.3087954521179199,
-0.40757906436920166,
-0.8580400347709656,
0.34938037395477295,
0.6398118138313293,
0.05107793211936951,
-0.5449333786964417,
0.16831670701503754,
0.3333885073661804,
-0.5860376358032227,
-0.693885862827301,
-0.44044578075408936,
-0.6460110545158386,
-0.37705695629119873,
0.355829119682312,
-0.3026621341705322,
1.0117480754852295,
0.21786430478096008,
-0.39271536469459534,
0.42927783727645874,
-0.8064669370651245,
0.026976648718118668,
0.1465439647436142,
-0.6868955492973328,
0.6720951795578003,
-0.6308654546737671,
-0.07458005845546722,
0.2373284548521042,
0.0016310317441821098,
-0.4615921080112457,
0.36943957209587097,
0.08994045853614807,
0.0013439200120046735,
-1.106685757637024,
-0.19493263959884644,
0.2837384045124054,
-0.7963612079620361,
-0.4031132459640503,
-0.3879289925098419,
-0.3557271957397461,
0.2619503438472748,
-0.18118973076343536,
0.8526241779327393,
-0.2532331347465515,
0.40612420439720154,
-0.037154458463191986,
-0.07011996954679489,
0.7436577081680298,
0.2208288311958313,
0.11828751116991043,
-0.5259142518043518,
0.000864330620970577,
0.09986250847578049,
0.30653858184814453,
-0.18008452653884888,
-0.8931335210800171,
0.37847331166267395,
-0.068266361951828,
-0.19404157996177673,
-0.5757512450218201,
0.1310052126646042,
-0.5656708478927612,
-0.10459406673908234,
0.560515820980072,
-0.9315418601036072,
0.028242355212569237,
0.31534892320632935,
0.09515587985515594,
-0.3830425441265106,
-0.08903537690639496,
0.04954349994659424,
-0.63692307472229,
-0.3889600932598114,
0.18831288814544678,
0.38879290223121643,
0.40893682837486267,
0.14439624547958374,
-0.022178154438734055,
0.11114881187677383,
0.33921924233436584,
0.11973673105239868,
0.3774850070476532,
-0.20737586915493011,
-0.034435633569955826,
-0.7102320790290833,
0.10703679919242859,
0.199700728058815,
-0.2951129376888275,
-0.11776348203420639,
-0.24023838341236115,
-0.13585594296455383,
0.616252064704895,
0.47831645607948303,
-0.5291569828987122,
0.1672862321138382,
0.054276298731565475,
0.5652862787246704,
0.3113652467727661,
-0.22146201133728027,
-0.29829469323158264,
-0.8193162679672241,
0.25561776757240295,
-0.09214502573013306,
0.7791795134544373,
-0.24601535499095917,
-0.1605856567621231,
0.46318840980529785,
-0.8538624048233032,
1.1340116262435913,
-0.232487753033638,
-0.9921892881393433,
-0.08260465413331985,
-0.46793192625045776,
0.396475613117218,
-0.4444001317024231,
1.0744879245758057,
-0.15323850512504578,
0.1837768405675888,
0.10473305732011795,
0.12619920074939728,
0.4764117896556854,
-0.2379448413848877,
-0.4427953064441681,
0.6652641892433167,
-0.21440285444259644,
0.48895031213760376,
0.4009401202201843,
-0.9538385272026062,
0.5269279479980469,
-0.2731141149997711,
-4.730992317199707,
0.41562584042549133,
-0.6801532506942749,
-0.3178333640098572,
0.41409531235694885,
-0.3981979787349701,
0.5265640020370483,
-0.31656768918037415,
-0.042295437306165695,
0.6697377562522888,
0.18087150156497955,
-0.19244754314422607,
-0.5031154155731201,
0.45387405157089233,
0.22405309975147247,
0.7269635200500488,
0.9474063515663147,
-0.08628813177347183,
0.6595252156257629,
0.3113941252231598,
-0.33053770661354065,
-0.05857169255614281,
-0.2897820472717285,
-0.37420934438705444,
0.45328083634376526,
0.36599084734916687,
-0.3882930874824524,
-0.5740634799003601,
-0.27814769744873047,
0.2723666727542877,
0.36735785007476807,
-0.018522366881370544,
-0.5687560439109802,
-0.23984427750110626,
0.1838109940290451,
-0.7034175395965576,
-0.24878373742103577,
-0.13619589805603027,
-0.038403306156396866,
-0.4671712815761566,
0.17561301589012146,
0.4080384373664856,
-0.9648168087005615,
-0.6858864426612854,
1.1042637825012207,
-0.35550031065940857,
-0.12631478905677795,
-0.09454035758972168,
-0.13749699294567108,
1.0120223760604858,
-0.30828404426574707,
-0.3604486584663391,
0.8511756658554077,
0.10019253194332123,
0.2863379716873169,
0.08207567036151886,
0.34273192286491394,
0.33090999722480774,
-0.06613249331712723,
1.1870431900024414,
0.21508070826530457,
-1.1021989583969116,
-0.390247106552124,
-0.0054406714625656605,
-0.06971549242734909,
-0.2525200843811035,
-0.12867507338523865,
0.3314330577850342,
0.25666797161102295,
0.02550501376390457,
0.18245239555835724,
0.2974270284175873,
0.16280829906463623,
-0.4810490012168884,
0.2811935842037201,
-0.7704629302024841,
-0.6683473587036133,
0.06272438913583755,
-0.5566848516464233,
0.2567564845085144,
-0.03583785146474838,
0.18944145739078522,
0.868114709854126,
0.4799666106700897,
0.3353291153907776,
-0.051496874541044235,
-0.5015534162521362,
-0.07008267939090729,
-0.1569710671901703,
-0.4413939416408539,
0.5767019391059875,
-0.19793930649757385,
0.631251335144043,
-0.39523401856422424,
0.07958853989839554,
0.25027140974998474,
0.3309621810913086,
0.5298730134963989,
-0.47415491938591003,
-1.0078227519989014,
0.538519561290741,
-0.4074307978153229,
0.16709937155246735,
-0.0959143191576004,
-0.16285772621631622,
-0.38126206398010254,
0.6268572211265564,
0.06941783428192139,
0.6976743340492249,
-0.4188194274902344,
-0.7002086043357849,
-0.16168218851089478,
-0.3596542477607727,
-0.15058337152004242,
0.06375458836555481,
-0.7471432089805603,
0.3822063207626343,
0.5455096960067749,
0.4769110679626465,
0.04469809681177139,
-0.06171964854001999,
0.3229866623878479,
0.16735272109508514,
-0.6975458860397339,
-0.6856337189674377,
-0.3124709725379944,
0.5447996258735657,
-0.02482413314282894,
-0.3264788091182709,
0.7104949355125427,
-0.2183404266834259,
0.1577143520116806,
-1.1170469522476196,
-0.059059783816337585,
-0.3403773307800293,
-0.2571341395378113,
0.08578018844127655,
-0.9394046664237976,
0.05176264047622681,
0.9398543238639832,
0.13665026426315308,
0.20116955041885376,
-0.547353208065033,
0.45547664165496826,
-0.1371462345123291,
-0.062077686190605164,
0.2412717491388321,
0.26707762479782104,
-0.7695244550704956,
0.24321232736110687,
-0.2999385595321655,
-0.41763100028038025,
-0.4792080819606781,
-0.6632469296455383,
0.13844554126262665,
0.22424811124801636,
0.40582484006881714,
0.28138208389282227,
0.057841017842292786,
-0.643748939037323,
0.6641709804534912,
-0.009264967404305935,
-0.5662530064582825,
0.7061758637428284,
-0.08558184653520584,
-0.1170501559972763,
-0.751671314239502,
0.14079096913337708,
-0.39638403058052063,
0.08625060319900513,
0.6327104568481445,
-0.2989369332790375,
-0.15941978991031647,
-0.2945552170276642,
-0.21713384985923767,
0.18349099159240723,
-0.18372398614883423,
0.5962232947349548,
0.07680696249008179,
-0.05691367760300636,
-0.03553127497434616,
-0.29773154854774475,
-0.8252443671226501,
-0.29851728677749634,
-0.18331117928028107,
-0.17821772396564484,
0.09843780845403671,
-0.21758083999156952,
0.07999126613140106,
0.1456100046634674,
0.2725708484649658,
-0.8992856740951538,
0.25734850764274597,
0.17330045998096466,
0.21017971634864807,
-0.5618365406990051,
0.5039850473403931,
-0.5215024948120117,
-0.007748735602945089,
-0.5988714098930359,
-0.31863754987716675,
0.8759646415710449,
-0.3742036521434784,
0.5537698864936829,
-0.43177589774131775,
-0.6920447945594788,
0.13018614053726196,
0.4004656970500946,
-0.8378177881240845,
1.144020676612854,
-0.43803614377975464,
-0.6662812829017639,
0.4193538725376129,
0.5780296325683594,
-0.2355591356754303,
-0.03892463818192482,
0.26694634556770325,
-0.07908759266138077,
-0.44026339054107666,
0.10492832213640213,
-0.38136225938796997,
0.006875899620354176,
-0.4581025540828705,
-0.329581081867218,
-0.3787105977535248,
0.5671530961990356,
0.44051942229270935,
-0.44568780064582825,
1.261608600616455,
-0.7206268310546875,
-0.12818586826324463,
0.44892609119415283,
0.39322972297668457,
0.3491685092449188,
0.1372574269771576,
0.1418595314025879,
-0.10008068382740021,
-0.46919527649879456,
0.3239547610282898,
-0.29341861605644226,
0.5418701767921448,
0.6401441693305969,
0.08321042358875275,
-0.5050750970840454,
-0.23901338875293732,
-0.03457332029938698,
1.2860523462295532,
0.23817050457000732,
-1.2992496490478516,
0.42089420557022095,
0.5532417893409729,
-0.6804872155189514,
-1.0732368230819702,
-0.04360296577215195,
0.8068059682846069,
-0.37305137515068054,
-0.009858145378530025,
0.5024483799934387,
0.057568810880184174,
-0.5680498480796814,
0.20054695010185242,
-0.15193650126457214,
0.17769405245780945,
-0.46812713146209717,
0.24045473337173462,
-0.16847939789295197,
-0.24179808795452118,
-0.533951461315155,
0.4575299024581909,
-0.0596846304833889,
-0.3947366774082184,
0.011656077578663826,
0.2129373699426651,
1.017646074295044,
-0.7567148208618164,
0.38490810990333557,
0.007364774122834206,
-0.7274401783943176,
-0.14895948767662048,
0.20778197050094604,
-0.4011974334716797,
-0.32036468386650085,
-0.6681389808654785,
0.1363779753446579,
0.3319011628627777,
-0.7252475023269653,
0.1480318307876587,
0.16194595396518707,
-0.3301575481891632,
0.10717885941267014,
-0.4401358366012573,
0.6021479964256287,
0.2442706972360611,
-1.1200897693634033,
-0.4662727117538452,
0.7424176931381226,
-0.15094973146915436,
0.40889889001846313,
0.0760977566242218,
0.011830328963696957,
-1.2137309312820435,
0.7424777150154114,
-0.3913731276988983,
-0.7692269682884216,
0.5237767696380615,
-0.2030397653579712,
-0.7813346982002258,
-0.26724743843078613,
0.8507977724075317,
-0.12461981177330017,
0.009310017339885235,
-0.21073244512081146,
0.4289035499095917,
0.6462384462356567,
-0.4410170018672943,
-0.1534319519996643,
0.9784826636314392,
-0.48880770802497864,
-0.8961189985275269,
0.5202100872993469,
-0.4519183933734894,
0.7425660490989685,
1.0933523178100586,
0.7505520582199097,
0.3328351676464081,
1.237248420715332,
-0.015996001660823822,
0.570605456829071,
-0.5418370366096497,
0.04632515832781792,
-0.19635255634784698,
-0.811305820941925,
-1.0894742012023926,
0.02707809768617153,
0.06892802566289902,
-0.6629291772842407,
0.3969416320323944,
-0.3289355933666229,
-0.4506266415119171,
0.3858925700187683,
-0.32668450474739075,
0.175383523106575,
0.542799711227417,
0.35399872064590454,
0.00915911141782999,
-0.5645773410797119,
-0.39998435974121094,
0.20614886283874512,
0.0011757175670936704,
-1.1018507480621338,
-0.08922997117042542,
0.2638118863105774,
-0.35677406191825867,
-0.583589494228363,
-0.42291516065597534,
-0.10179995000362396,
0.5649020671844482,
0.05785775184631348,
-0.7916973829269409,
-0.012877240777015686,
0.26543429493904114,
-0.6039184927940369,
1.0021896362304688,
-0.38101598620414734,
-0.3238840401172638,
0.3638339638710022,
0.36890560388565063,
0.012190783396363258,
-0.5378312468528748,
0.6871423721313477,
0.08334368467330933,
0.14974409341812134,
0.4105261266231537,
0.4783358871936798,
-0.013552477583289146,
-0.05463409423828125,
0.1068505123257637,
1.0188038349151611,
0.09225944429636002,
0.0912470668554306,
-0.35054636001586914,
-0.10515346378087997,
-0.16480998694896698,
-0.5004062056541443,
0.33144906163215637,
-0.0752345621585846,
-0.5956653356552124,
-0.35803595185279846,
0.40015891194343567,
-0.2503282129764557,
0.2576272785663605,
-0.09550925344228745,
-0.23549571633338928,
-0.25116226077079773,
0.10404893755912781,
-0.2646302580833435,
0.48439306020736694,
0.8717117309570312,
0.5641786456108093,
0.8829234838485718,
0.5641514658927917,
0.17456655204296112,
-0.46033838391304016,
-0.2514229118824005,
-0.1254684180021286,
0.25288885831832886,
-0.6525440812110901,
0.2853541970252991,
-0.7936756610870361,
0.22434473037719727,
-0.07737879455089569,
0.3455963730812073,
0.18271246552467346,
0.7671125531196594,
-0.16740849614143372,
-0.06644304096698761,
0.5256919264793396,
-0.09814221411943436,
-0.5649190545082092,
-0.4578583538532257,
-0.10774850100278854,
0.2356799989938736,
0.457729309797287,
0.3298179805278778,
0.37562936544418335,
-0.015108550898730755,
0.0964357852935791,
0.06205245107412338,
-0.5322148203849792,
0.08899952471256256,
0.052104879170656204,
-1.0594241619110107,
0.10483342409133911,
-0.2139287143945694,
-0.5669686198234558,
-0.39047664403915405,
-0.15258316695690155,
1.4139370918273926,
0.378426194190979,
-0.45746251940727234,
-0.3319416046142578,
-0.6097097396850586,
0.07248370349407196,
-0.11607109755277634,
0.987537682056427,
0.23638752102851868,
-0.988603413105011,
-0.749691903591156,
-0.5036652684211731,
0.9423030614852905,
-0.6236816644668579,
-0.7480108141899109,
0.35499969124794006,
-0.18588964641094208,
0.22818756103515625,
0.07053020596504211,
-0.022777248173952103,
-0.6803971529006958,
0.3861144483089447,
-0.18162475526332855
]
|
128362 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oriel%20College%2C%20Oxford | Oriel College, Oxford | Oriel College () is a constituent college of the University of Oxford in Oxford, England. Located in Oriel Square, the college has the distinction of being the oldest royal foundation in Oxford (a title formerly claimed by University College, whose claim of being founded by King Alfred is no longer promoted). In recognition of this royal connection, the college has also been historically known as King's College and King's Hall. The reigning monarch of the United Kingdom (since 1952, Elizabeth II) is the official visitor of the college.
The original medieval foundation established in 1324 by Adam de Brome, under the patronage of King Edward II of England, was the House of the Blessed Mary at Oxford, and the college received a royal charter in 1326. In 1329, an additional royal grant of a manor house, La Oriole, eventually gave rise to its common name. The first design allowed for a provost and ten fellows, called "scholars", and the college remained a small body of graduate fellows until the 16th century, when it started to admit undergraduates. During the English Civil War, Oriel played host to high-ranking members of the king's Oxford Parliament.
The main site of the college incorporates four medieval halls: Bedel Hall, St Mary Hall, St Martin Hall, and Tackley's Inn, the last being the oldest standing medieval hall in Oxford. The college has nearly 40 fellows, about 300 undergraduates and some 250 graduates. Oriel was the last of Oxford's men's colleges to admit women in 1985, after more than six centuries as an all-male institution. Today, however, the student body has almost equal numbers of men and women. Oriel's notable alumni include two Nobel laureates; prominent fellows have included founders of the Oxford Movement. Among Oriel's more notable possessions are a painting by Bernard van Orley and three pieces of medieval silver plate. , the college is ranked eighth in academic performance out of thirty colleges in the Norrington Table.
History
Middle Ages
On 24 April 1324, the Rector of the University Church, Adam de Brome, obtained a licence from King Edward II to found a "certain college of scholars studying various disciplines in honour of the Virgin" and to endow it to the value of Β£30 a year. Brome bought two properties in 1324, Tackley's Hall, on the south side of the High Street, and Perilous Hall, on the north side of Broad Street, and as an investment, he also purchased the advowson of a church in Aberford.
Brome's foundation was confirmed in a charter dated 21 January 1326, in which the Crown, represented by the Lord Chancellor, was to exercise the rights of Visitor; a further charter drawn up in May of that year gave the rights of Visitor to Henry Burghersh, Bishop of Lincoln, as Oxford at that time was part of the diocese of Lincoln. Under Edward's patronage, Brome diverted the revenues of the University Church to his college, which thereafter was responsible for appointing the Vicar and providing four chaplains to celebrate the daily services in the church. The college lost no time in seeking royal favour again after Edward II's deposition, and Edward III confirmed his father's favour in February 1327, but the amended statutes with the Bishop of Lincoln as Visitor remained in force. In 1329, the college received by royal grant a large house belonging to the Crown, known as La Oriole, on the site of what is now First Quad. It is from this property that the college acquired its common name, "Oriel"; the name was in use from about 1349. The word referred to an oratoriolum, or oriel window, forming a feature of the earlier property.
In the early 1410s several fellows of Oriel took part in the disturbances accompanying Archbishop Arundel's attempt to stamp out Lollardy in the university; the Lollard belief that religious power and authority came through piety and not through the hierarchy of the Church particularly inflamed passions in Oxford, where its proponent, John Wycliffe, had been head of Balliol. Disregarding the provost's authority, Oriel's fellows fought bloody battles with other scholars, killed one of the Chancellor's servants when they attacked his house, and were prominent among the group that obstructed the Archbishop and ridiculed his censures.
In 1442, Henry VI sanctioned an arrangement whereby the town was to pay the college Β£25 a year from the fee farm (a type of feudal tax) in exchange for decayed property, allegedly worth Β£30 a year, which the college could not afford to keep in repair. The arrangement was cancelled in 1450.
Early Modern
In 1643, a general obligation was imposed on Oxford colleges to support the Royalist cause in the English Civil War. The King called for Oriel's plate, and almost all of it was given, the total weighing . of gilt, and . of "white" plate. In the same year the college was assessed at Β£1 of the weekly sum of Β£40 charged on the colleges and halls for the fortification of the city. When the Oxford Parliament was assembled during the Civil War in 1644, Oriel housed the executive committee of the Privy Council, Parliament being held at neighbouring Christ Church. Following the defeat of the Royalist cause, the university was scrutinised by the Parliamentarians, and five of the eighteen Oriel fellows were removed. The Visitors, on their own authority, elected fellows between 1648 and October 1652, when without reference to the Commissioners, John Washbourne was chosen; the autonomy of the college in this respect seems to have been restored.
In 1673 James Davenant, a fellow since 1661, complained to William Fuller, then Bishop of Lincoln, about Provost Say's conduct in the election of Thomas Twitty to a fellowship. Bishop Fuller appointed a commission that included the Vice-Chancellor, Peter Mews; the Dean of Christ Church, John Fell; and the Principal of Brasenose, Thomas Yates. On 1 August Fell reported to the Bishop that:
When this Devil of buying and selling is once cast out, your Lordship will, I hope, take care that he return not again, lest he bring seven worse than himself into the house after 'tis swept and garnisht.
On 24 January 1674, Bishop Fuller issued a decree dealing with the recommendations of the commissionersβa majority of all the fellows should always be present at an election, so the provost could not push an election in a thin meeting, and fellows should be admitted immediately after their election. On 28 January Provost Say obtained from the King a recommendation for Twitty's election, but it was withdrawn on 13 February, following the Vice-Chancellor's refusal to swear Twitty into the university and the Bishop's protests at Court.
During the early 1720s, a constitutional struggle began between the provost and the fellows, culminating in a lawsuit. In 1721, Henry Edmunds was elected as a fellow by 9 votes to 3; his election was rejected by Provost George Carter, and on appeal, by the Visitor, Edmund Gibson, then Bishop of Lincoln. The provost continued to reject candidates, fuelling discontent among the fellows, until a writ of attachment against the Bishop of Lincoln was heard between 1724 and 1726. The opposing fellows, led by Edmunds, appealed to the original statutes, claiming the Crown as Visitor, making Gibson's decisions invalid; Provost Carter, supported by Bishop Gibson, appealed to the second version, claiming the Bishop of Lincoln as Visitor. The jury decided for the fellows, supporting the original charter of Edward II.
In a private printing of 1899, Provost Shadwell lists thirteen Gaudies observed by the college during the 18th century; by the end of the 19th century all but two, the Feast of the Immaculate Conception and the Purification of the Virgin, had ceased to be celebrated.
Modern
In the early 19th century, the reforming zeal of Provosts John Eveleigh and Edward Copleston gained Oriel a reputation as the most brilliant college of the day. It was the centre of the "Oriel Noetics" β clerical liberals such as Richard Whately and Thomas Arnold were fellows, and during the 1830s, two intellectually eminent fellows of Oriel, John Keble and Saint John Henry Newman, supported by Canon Pusey (also an Oriel fellow initially, later at Christ Church) and others, formed a group known as the Oxford Movement, alternatively as the Tractarians, or familiarly as the Puseyites. The group was disgusted by the then Church of England and sought to revive the spirit of early Christianity. Tension arose in college since Provost Edward Hawkins was a determined opponent of the Movement.
During the First World War, a wall was built dividing Third Quad from Second Quad to accommodate members of Somerville College in St Mary's Hall while their college buildings were being used as a military hospital. At that time Oxford separated male and female students as far as possible; Vera Brittain, one of the Somerville students, recalled an amusing occurrence during her time there in her autobiography, Testament of Youth:
In 1985, the college became the last all-male college in Oxford to start to admit women for matriculation as undergraduates. In 1984, the Senior Common Room voted 23β4 to admit women undergraduates from 1986. The Junior Common Room president believed that "the distinctive character of the college will be undermined".
A second feast day was added in 2007 by a benefaction from George Moody, formerly of Oriel, to be celebrated on or near St George's Day (23 April). The only remaining gaudy had then been Candlemas; the new annual dinner was to be known as the St. George's Day Gaudy. The dinner is black tie and gowns, and by request of the benefactor, the main course will normally be goose.
Buildings and environs
First Quad (Front Quad)
The Oriel Street site was acquired between 1329 and 1392. Nothing survives of the original buildings, La Oriole and the smaller St Martin's Hall in the south-east; both were demolished before the quadrangle was built in the artisan mannerist style during the 17th century. The south and west ranges and the gate tower were built around 1620 to 1622; the north and east ranges and the chapel buildings date from 1637 to 1642. The façade of the east range forms a classical E shape comprising the college chapel, hall and undercroft. The exterior and interior of the ranges are topped by an alternating pattern of decorative gables. The gate house has a Perpendicular portal and canted Gothic oriel windows, with fan vaulting in the entrance. The room above has a particularly fine plaster ceiling and chimney piece of stucco caryatids and panelling interlaced with studded bands sprouting into large flowers.
Hall
In the centre of the east range, the portico of the hall entrance commemorates its construction during the reign of Charles I with the legend , 'Charles, being king', in capital letters in pierced stonework. The portico was completely rebuilt in 1897, and above it are statues of two kings: Edward II, the college's founder, on the left, and probably either Charles I or James I, although this is disputed; above those is a statue of the Blessed Virgin Mary, after whom the college is officially named. The top breaks the Jacobean tradition and has classical pilasters, a shield with garlands, and a segmental pediment.
The hall has a hammerbeam roof and a louvre in the centre, which was originally the means of escape for smoke rising from a fireplace in the centre of the floor. The wooden panelling was designed by Ninian Comper and was erected in 1911 in place of some previous 19th-century Gothic type, though even earlier panelling, dating from 1710, is evident in the buttery.
Behind the high table is a portrait of Edward II; underneath is a longsword brought to the college in 1902 after being preserved for many years on one of the college's estates at Swainswick, near Bath. On either side are portraits of Sir Walter Raleigh and Joseph Butler. The other portraits around the hall include other prominent members of Oriel such as Matthew Arnold, Thomas Arnold, James Anthony Froude, John Keble, John Henry Newman, Richard Whately and John Robinson. In 2002, the college commissioned one of the largest portraits of Queen Elizabeth II, measuring , from Jeff Stultiens to hang in the hall; the painting was unveiled the following year.
The stained glass in the windows display the coats of arms of benefactors and distinguished members of the college; three of the windows were designed by Ninian Comper. The window next to the entrance on the east side contains the arms of Regius Professors of Modern History who have been ex officio fellows of the college.
Chapel
The current chapel is Oriel's third, the first being built around 1373 on the north side of First Quadrangle. By 1566, the chapel was located on the south side of the quadrangle, as shown in a drawing made for Elizabeth I's visit to Oxford in that year. The present building was consecrated in 1642 and despite subsequent restorations it largely retains its original appearance.
The bronze lectern was given to the college in 1654. The black and white marble paving dates from 1677 to 1678. Except for the pews on the west, dating from 1884, the panelling, stalls and screens are all 17th-century, as are the altar and carved communion rails. Behind the altar is the oil-on-panel painting The Carrying of the Cross, also titled Christ Falls, with the Cross, before a City Gate, by the Flemish Renaissance painter Bernard van Orley. A companion piece to the painting is in the National Gallery of Scotland. The organ case dates from 1716; originally designed by Christopher Schreider for St Mary Abbots Church, Kensington, it was acquired by Oriel in 1884.
Above the entrance to the chapel is an oriel that, until the 1880s, was a room on the first floor that formed part of a set of rooms that were occupied by Richard Whately, and later by Saint John Henry Newman. Whately is said to have used the space as a larder and Newman is said to have used it for his private prayers β when the organ was installed in 1884, the space was used for the blower. The wall that once separated the room from the ante-chapel was removed, making it accessible from the chapel. The organ was built by J. W. Walker & Sons in 1988; in 1991 the space behind the organ was rebuilt as an oratory and memorial to Newman and the Oxford Movement. A new stained-glass window designed by Vivienne Haig and realised by Douglas Hogg was completed and installed in 2001.
During the late 1980s, the chapel was extensively restored with the assistance of donations from Lady Norma Dalrymple-Champneys. During this work, the chandelier, given in 1885 by Provost Shadwell while still a fellow, was put back in place, the organ was restored, the painting mounted behind the altar, and the chapel repainted. A list of former chaplains and organ scholars was erected in the ante-chapel.
Second Quad (Back Quad)
Originally a garden, the demand for more accommodation for undergraduates in the early 18th century resulted in two free-standing blocks being built. The first block erected was the Robinson Building on the east side, built in 1720 by Bishop Robinson at the suggestion of his wife, as the inscription over the door records. Its twin block, the Carter Building, was erected on the west side in 1729, as a result of a benefaction by Provost Carter. The two buildings stood for nearly a hundred years as detached blocks in the garden, and the architectural elements of First Quad are repeated on them β only here the seven gables are all alike. Between 1817 and 1819, they were joined up to First Quad with their present, rather incongruous connecting links. In the link to the Robinson Building, two purpose-built rooms have been incorporated β the Champneys Room, designed by Weldon Champneys, the nephew of Basil Champneys, and the Benefactors Room, a panelled room honouring benefactors of the college. A Gothic oriel window, belonging to the provost's lodgings, was added to the Carter Building in 1826.
The north range houses the library and senior common rooms; designed in the Neoclassical style by James Wyatt, it was built between 1788 and 1796 to accommodate the books requested by Edward, Baron Leigh, formerly High Steward of the university and an Orielensis, whose gift had doubled the size of the library. The two-storey building has rusticated arches on the ground floor and a row of Ionic columns above, dividing the faΓ§ade into seven bays β the ground floor contains the first purpose-built senior common rooms in Oxford, above is the library.
On 7 March 1949, a fire spread from the library roof; over 300 printed books and the manuscripts on exhibition were completely destroyed, and over 3,000 books needed repair, though the main structure suffered little damage and restoration took less than a year.
Third Quad (St Mary's Quad)
The south, east and west ranges of Third Quadrangle contain elements of St Mary Hall, which was incorporated into Oriel in 1902; less than a decade later, the Hall's buildings on the northern side were demolished for the construction of the Rhodes Building. Bedel Hall in the south was formally amalgamated with St Mary Hall in 1505.
In the south range, parts of the medieval buildings survive and are incorporated into staircase ten β the straight, steep flight of stairs and timber-framed partitions date from a mid-15th century rebuilding of St Mary Hall. The former Chapel, Hall and Buttery of St Mary Hall, built in 1640, form part of the Junior Library and Junior Common Room. Viewed from Third Quad, the chapel, with its Gothic windows, can be seen to have been built neatly on top of the Hall, a unique example in Oxford of such a plan.
On the east side of the quad is a simple rustic style timber-frame building; known as "the Dolls' House", it was erected by Principal King in 1743.
In 1826 an ornate range was erected by St Mary Hall in the Gothic Revival style, incorporating the old gate of St Mary Hall, on the west side of the quad. Designed by Daniel Robertson, it contains two quite ornate oriels placed asymmetrically, one is of six lights, the other four. They are the best example of the pre-archaeological Gothic in Oxford. The large oriel on the first floor at the north end was once the drawing room window of the Principal of the Hall. Parts of the street wall incorporated into this range show traces of blocked windows dating from the same period of rebuilding in the 15th century as the present-day staircase ten.
The Rhodes Building, pictured, was built in 1911 using Β£100,000 left to the college for that purpose by former student Cecil Rhodes. It was designed by Basil Champneys and stands on the site of the house of the St Mary Hall Principal, on the High Street. Champneys's first proposal for the building included an open arcade to the High Street, a domed central feature and balustraded parapet. The left hand block and much of the centre was to be given up to a new provost's lodging, and the five windows on the first floor above the arcade were to light a gallery belonging to the lodging. The college eventually decided to retain the existing provost's lodging and demanded detailing "more in accordance with the style which has become traditional in Oxford". It became the last building of the Jacobean revival style in Oxford.
The staircases of the interior façade are decorated with cartouches similar to those found in First Quad, and likewise bear the arms of important figures in the college's history; (13) Sir Walter Raleigh who was an undergraduate from 1572 to 1574, (14) John Keble who was a fellow between 1811 and 1835, (archway) Edward Hawkins who was provost from 1828 until 1882 and (15) Gilbert White who was an undergraduate from 1739 until 1743 and a fellow from 1744 until 1793.
The building was not entirely well received; William Sherwood, Mayor of Oxford and Master of Magdalen College School, wrote: "Oriel [has] broken out into the High, ... destroying a most picturesque group of old houses in so doing, and, to put it gently, hardly compensating us for their removal."
Rhodes statue
On the side facing the High Street, there is a statue of Rhodes over the main entrance, with Edward VII and George V beneath. These formed part of a group of seven statues commissioned for the building from the sculptor Henry Pegram. The inscription reads: "", which, as well as acknowledging Rhodes's munificence, is a chronogram giving the date of construction, 1911.
The statue has been the subject of protests for several years in the wake of the Rhodes Must Fall movement in 2015. Hundreds of protestors again demanded its removal in June 2020, in the wake of the removal of the statue of Edward Colston in Bristol a few days previously. The statues had been targeted during the protests that arose following the murder of George Floyd in the United States. On 20 May 2021, however, the college decided not to remove the statue despite the majority of members of a commission to decide its future recommending removal; Oriel College cited costs and 'complex' planning procedures. Roughly 150 Oxford lecturers stated they will not teach Oriel students more than is required in their contracts in protest at the decision to keep the statue.
Island Site (O'Brien Quad)
This is a convex quadrilateral of buildings, bordered by the High Street, and the meeting of Oriel Street and King Edward Street in Oriel Square. The site took six hundred years to acquire and although it contains teaching rooms and the Harris Lecture Theatre, it is largely given over to accommodation.
On the High Street, No. 106 and 107 stand on the site of Tackley's Inn; built around 1295, it was the first piece of property that Adam de Brome acquired when he began to found the college in 1324. It comprised a hall and chambers leased to scholars, behind a frontage of five shops, with the scholars above and a cellar of five bays below. The hall, which was open to the roof, was 33Β feet (10Β m) long, 20Β feet (6Β m) wide, and about 22Β feet (7Β m) high; at the east end was a large chamber with another chamber above it. The south wall of the building, which survives, was partly of stone and contains a large two-light early 14th-century window. The cellar below is of the same date and is the best preserved medieval cellar in Oxford; originally entered by stone steps from the street, it has a stone vault divided into four sections by two diagonal ribs, with carved corbels.
No. 12 Oriel Street, now staircases 19 and 20, is the oldest tenement acquired by the college; known as Kylyngworth's, it was granted to the college in 1392 by Thomas de Lentwardyn, fellow and later provost, having previously been let to William de Daventre, Oriel's fourth provost, in 1367. A back wing to the property was added around 1600 and further work to the front was conducted in 1724β1738. In 1985, funded by a gift from Edgar O'Brien and Β£10,000 from the Pilgrim Trust, Kylyngworth's was refurbished along with Nos. 10, 9 and 7.
King Edward Street was created by the college between 1872 and 1873 when 109 and 110 High Street were demolished. The old shops on each side of the road were pulled down and rebuilt, and to preserve the continuity, the new shops were numbered 108 and 109β112. Named after the college's founder, the road was opened in 1873. On the wall of the first floor of No. 6, there is a large metal plaque with a portrait of Cecil Rhodes; underneath is the inscription:
In this house, the Rt. Hon Cecil John Rhodes kept academical residence in the year 1881. This memorial is erected by Alfred Mosely in recognition of the great services rendered by Cecil Rhodes to his country.
In the centre of the quad is the Harris Building, formerly Oriel court, a real tennis court where Charles I played tennis with his nephew Prince Rupert in December 1642 and King Edward VII had his first tennis lesson in 1859. The building was in use as a lecture hall by 1923, and after modernisation between 1991 and 1994, funded by Sir Philip and Lady Harris, contains accommodation, a seminar room and the college's main lecture theatre. The bronze plaque in the lobby commemorates his father, Captain Charles William Harris, after whom the building is named. The building was opened by John Major, then Prime Minister, on 10 August 1993.
Rectory Road
Bordered by the Cowley Road, this site was formerly Nazareth House, a residential care home convent β Goldie Wing (shown left) and Larmenier House are its surviving buildings. Nazareth House itself was demolished to make room for two purpose-built halls of residence, James Mellon Hall (shown right) and David Paterson House. The two new halls were opened by Queen Elizabeth II on 8 November 2000.
As it is about ten minutes' walk from college and more peaceful than the middle of the city, it has become the principal choice of accommodation for Oriel's graduates and finalists. The site has its own common rooms, squash court, gymnasium and support staff.
Bartlemas
Bartlemas is a conservation area that incorporates the remaining buildings of a leper hospital founded by Henry I; it includes the sports grounds for Oriel, Jesus and Lincoln Colleges, along with landscaping for wildlife and small scale urban development.
In 1326 Provost Adam de Brome was appointed warden of St Bartholomew's; a leper hospital in Cowley Marsh, the hospital was later granted to the college by Edward III, along with the payments it had been receiving from the fee farm. It was increasingly used as a rest house for sick members of the college needing a change of air. In 1649 the college rebuilt the main hospital range north of the chapel, destroyed in the Civil War, as a row of four almshouses, called Bartlemas House. Bartlemas Chapel and two farm cottages are the other extant buildings.
Filming location
The buildings of Oriel College were used as a location for Hugh Grant's first film, Privileged (1982), as well as Oxford Blues (1984), True Blue (1991) and The Dinosaur Hunter (2000). The television crime series Inspector Morse used the college in the episodes "Ghost in the Machine" (under the name of "Courtenay College"), "The Silent World of Nicholas Quinn", "The Infernal Serpent", "Deadly Slumber", "Twilight of the Gods" and "Death is now My Neighbour", and in the one-off follow on, Lewis, the Middle Common Room and Oriel Square were used.
Heraldry
The college's coat of arms are blazoned: "Gules, three lions passant guardant or within a bordure engrailed argent". In recognition of Oriel's foundation by King Edward II, the arms are based on the royal arms of England, which also feature three lions, with a bordure added as a mark of difference.
The Prince of Wales's feathers, often adopted as insignia by members of the college, appear as decorative elements within the college buildings and appear on the official college tie. It probably represents Edward, the Black Prince, Prince of Wales, who first adopted the device, the senior grandson of King Edward II, although it may represent King Charles I, who was Prince of Wales when the building of First Quad began in the 17th century.
In 2009, the College of Arms granted the college the use of a heraldic badge, particularly for the boat club and the Tortoise Club, a society of college rowing alumni. The badge is blazoned: "A tortoise displayed the shell circular azure charged with two concentric annulets argent".
Prayer and graces
One of the following two college prayers is recited by the provost or the senior fellow present at the conclusion of Evensong on Sundays and other services:
A full list of benefactors is read out on certain occasions, including Commemoration Sunday and at services before gaudies.
Before Formal Hall, the following Latin ante cibum grace is recited by a student Bible clerk. The translation is reputedly by Erasmus in his Convivium Religiosum of a grace recorded by Saint John Chrysostom:
After the meal, the provost or the presiding fellow may recite a short Latin prayer (; 'Let praise be given to/by the Blessed One, though Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen') instead of the following full post cibum grace:
Student life
Accommodation is provided for all undergraduates, and for some graduates, though some accommodation is off-site. Members are generally expected to dine in hall, where there are two sittings every evening, Informal Hall and Formal Hall, except on Saturdays, where there are no sittings.
Between 2001 and 2010, Oriel students chose not to be affiliated to the Oxford University Student Union. In a 2010 student referendum, the junior common room decided to re-affiliate. However, in 2013, in a fresh referendum, the Oriel JCR again voted to disaffiliate from OUSU.
Arts
Oriel has its own drama society, the Oriel Lions, which funds college and Oxford University shows.
The college also has its own student-run publication, The Poor Print, which publishes a range of content, including news, poetry, photography, science, comment, drawing, music, events and entertainment. Each issue is based around a theme, decided upon by the editors, and content comes from members of all common rooms and the college staff. Originally set up in 2013, the publication in its current guise was established in Michaelmas 2014 as an online-only magazine, with a fortnightly print edition then introduced in 2015.
Sport
Croquet may be played in St Mary quad in the summer, as can bowls on the south lawn of First Quad. The sports ground at Bartlemas is used for a variety of sports.
Rowing
Rowing at the college is run by the Oriel College Boat Club, carried out from the college's own boat house near Christ Church Meadow. Oriel has had a reputation for its success in rowing, in particular the two intercollegiate bumps races, Torpids and Eights Week.
As of 2018, Oriel holds 33 Torpids men's headships, the most of any college. It also holds 32 Summer Eights Headships, second to Christ Church, at 33; from 1968 to 2018, Oriel won 25 headships. In 2006, Oriel claimed the first ever double headship in Torpids, rowing over as Head of the River in both the men's and women's first divisions. In 2018, the college repeated this victory with their second double headship. It remains the only college to have achieved a double headship in Torpids.
In addition to the Oxford-based races, Oriel crews compete in external events including the Head of the River Race, the Women's Eights Head of the River Race, the Henley Boat Races and regional events. In 2016 the men's first boat won the men's eights collegiate event at the Fairbairn Cup, it won again in 2017 and won the entire event in 2018.
In Tom Brown at Oxford by Thomas Hughes, Oriel's win in the 1842 Head of the River Race, with Oriel bumping Trinity, was re-written as Brown's college "St Ambrose" taking first place, with "Oriel" in second place.
Associated people
Oriel has produced many notable alumni, from statesmen and cricketers to industrialists; a notable undergraduate in the 16th century was Sir Walter Raleigh, an explorer during the Age of Discovery. At the graduate level, the college boasts as former fellows the principal founders of the Oxford Movement: John Keble, Edward Bouverie Pusey, and John Henry Newman. The college has produced many other churchmen, bishops, cardinals, governors, and two Nobel Prize recipients: Alexander Todd (Nobel Prize in Chemistry, 1957) and James Meade (Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, 1977).
The professorial fellowships held by the college are the Regius Professor of Modern History, currently held by Lyndal Roper; the Oriel and Laing Professor of the Interpretation of Holy Scripture, currently held by Hindy Najman; the Nolloth Professor of the Philosophy of the Christian Religion, currently held by Mark Wynn; and the Nuffield Professor of Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
In the 1700s, Oriel attracted its first transatlantic students, sons of planters in the Colony of Virginia. One such student, Thomas Fairfax, 6th Lord Fairfax of Cameron, "came to regret giving a job to a young surveyor: George Washington".
Notable possessions
Oriel has three notable pieces of medieval plate. The first is a French beaker and cover in silver gilt; past estimates on its dating from 1460 to 1470 are thought mistaken, and circa 1350, with later decoration, was later expounded. It was bought in 1493 for Β£4.18s.1d., under the mistaken belief that it had belonged to Edward II. In a college inventory of plate dated 21 December 1596, it is named as the Founder's Cup.
The second notable piece of plate is a mazer of maplewood with silver gilt mounts, dating from 1470 to 1485. On the edge of the rim is a row of grouped beads; below is an inscription in black letters:
Vir racione vivas non quod petit atra voluptas sic caro casta datur lis lingue suppeditatur
Man, in thy draughts let reason be thy guide, and not the craving of perverted lust;
So honest nourishment will be supplied, and strife of tongue be trampled in the dust
This type of shallow drinking vessel was quite common in the Middle Ages, but the only other mazers in Oxford are three dating from the 15th century, and one standing mazer from 1529 to 1530, all belonging to All Souls. Third is a coconut cup, one of six in Oxford; the Oriel cup has silver gilt mounts and dates from the first quarter of the 16th century.
Among the later plate are two flagons, two patens and a chalice which date from 1640 to 1641. The larger pieces of Buttery Plate include the Sanford and Heywood grace cups, dated 1654β1655 and 1669β1670, a rosewater ewer gifted in 1669, a punchbowl dating from 1735 to 1736, and the great Wenman tankard presented in 1679, which holds a gallon and is the largest in Oxford. Many of the 17th- and 18th-century tankards were given by commensales and commoners as a form of an admission fee.
Oriel also possesses an engrossment of the Magna Carta.
See also
St Mary's College, Oxford
References
External links
Oriel JCR β the undergraduate body of the college
Oriel MCR β the graduate body of the college
Virtual Tour
Oriel College Boat Club
The Oriel Lions β Oriel College Drama Society
The Poor Print β Student-run publication of Oriel College
Colleges of the University of Oxford
Educational institutions established in the 14th century
1324 establishments in England
Grade I listed buildings in Oxford
Grade I listed educational buildings
Organisations based in Oxford with royal patronage
Buildings and structures of the University of Oxford | [
0.0707305371761322,
0.4383280873298645,
0.32241207361221313,
-0.9619312286376953,
0.013332189060747623,
0.7851471304893494,
0.6449992656707764,
1.0850359201431274,
-0.7298939228057861,
-0.2100379765033722,
-0.697401225566864,
-0.0900816097855568,
0.3689386546611786,
0.21560993790626526,
0.40529146790504456,
-0.426933616399765,
0.4493088126182556,
0.23706062138080597,
0.1556554138660431,
-1.0258221626281738,
0.12022000551223755,
0.1157330870628357,
-0.5823095440864563,
0.31777340173721313,
0.12149124592542648,
0.02504436857998371,
0.6004643440246582,
-0.33254384994506836,
-0.14512288570404053,
-0.5915054082870483,
0.49963879585266113,
0.4780469238758087,
-0.25171729922294617,
-0.7376749515533447,
0.30951127409935,
-0.2752681076526642,
-0.24113652110099792,
-0.7395039200782776,
-0.0773126408457756,
0.020772604271769524,
-0.02167343534529209,
-0.21272066235542297,
0.3953969180583954,
0.2571970224380493,
-0.3096437156200409,
-0.9856886267662048,
-0.7297943234443665,
0.34141746163368225,
-0.6636703014373779,
0.4147353172302246,
0.1371338814496994,
0.5701628923416138,
0.4644193649291992,
-0.15373364090919495,
0.24571484327316284,
0.36477935314178467,
-0.6088889837265015,
-0.040106114000082016,
0.4244624972343445,
-0.3708024024963379,
0.009229160845279694,
0.8613169193267822,
-0.35157305002212524,
0.6530665159225464,
-0.37317556142807007,
0.14149917662143707,
0.022871501743793488,
0.14887364208698273,
-1.2372586727142334,
-0.09686349332332611,
-0.5967176556587219,
-0.3842681646347046,
-0.2445407509803772,
0.45428815484046936,
-0.4381072521209717,
-0.6909341812133789,
0.21135500073432922,
0.44654160737991333,
0.2861781120300293,
0.3474937379360199,
0.6844356060028076,
0.15591645240783691,
0.5905151963233948,
0.45655179023742676,
0.781114935874939,
1.0502089262008667,
-1.1760553121566772,
-0.666056752204895,
-0.1847602277994156,
0.47475603222846985,
-0.3248401880264282,
0.04496791586279869,
0.0701487809419632,
0.2280692458152771,
0.0212689321488142,
0.04485233873128891,
-0.36026597023010254,
0.21550340950489044,
-0.19464948773384094,
0.05524768680334091,
-0.2316485494375229,
0.3599730432033539,
0.5586326718330383,
-0.11752881854772568,
-0.5193840861320496,
0.10943198204040527,
-1.06622314453125,
-0.5993556976318359,
0.10603242367506027,
0.16210924088954926,
-1.0266386270523071,
0.1440812349319458,
-0.3803180158138275,
0.23333872854709625,
-0.11333022266626358,
-0.12082558125257492,
0.1325261890888214,
-0.3173364996910095,
-0.48787692189216614,
-0.09954358637332916,
-0.46421706676483154,
0.761400580406189,
0.18193060159683228,
0.4826052784919739,
-0.030695151537656784,
0.2984556257724762,
-0.02411842532455921,
0.12507914006710052,
-0.43272513151168823,
-0.13251008093357086,
0.4076196253299713,
0.7251251339912415,
0.23421423137187958,
-0.30551785230636597,
-0.16111218929290771,
0.37800610065460205,
0.14331699907779694,
-0.06019046530127525,
0.3733581006526947,
0.7495590448379517,
-0.9656439423561096,
-0.7693216800689697,
-0.6166620254516602,
-0.05025926232337952,
0.37011316418647766,
-0.3653374910354614,
-0.3806282579898834,
-0.11879199743270874,
0.003436107886955142,
-0.15725895762443542,
0.28826573491096497,
0.05009465292096138,
-0.4437490701675415,
-0.28286364674568176,
-0.14950896799564362,
0.4112280011177063,
0.21794569492340088,
0.17047162353992462,
0.5701938271522522,
-0.22867102921009064,
-0.23317475616931915,
-0.29137733578681946,
0.5279881358146667,
-0.2278129756450653,
-0.2885352671146393,
0.2189994901418686,
0.5892502069473267,
-0.42385560274124146,
-0.6272902488708496,
0.10381658375263214,
-0.9604165554046631,
-0.15604270994663239,
0.8978228569030762,
-0.5993032455444336,
-0.22325874865055084,
-0.383781373500824,
0.8236569166183472,
0.06721336394548416,
0.5787407755851746,
-0.3517480790615082,
-0.6687403321266174,
0.16017575562000275,
0.19874465465545654,
0.05988916754722595,
-0.3634454905986786,
-0.2478513866662979,
0.1994161456823349,
-0.06332269310951233,
-0.4518583416938782,
0.44219663739204407,
-0.5307331085205078,
0.02510801889002323,
-0.06104732304811478,
-0.08159605413675308,
1.247961401939392,
-0.04821838065981865,
-0.9244478940963745,
0.7296364307403564,
-0.7273483872413635,
0.9182286858558655,
0.036422889679670334,
-0.17366638779640198,
-0.6116877198219299,
-0.5650953650474548,
-0.3211272358894348,
0.07225772738456726,
0.4144662022590637,
0.11323162168264389,
0.8405681848526001,
0.341532826423645,
0.47249165177345276,
-0.6135426163673401,
0.17765478789806366,
0.2914302349090576,
0.1994391530752182,
-0.2988417446613312,
-0.3261849582195282,
-0.38376203179359436,
0.08597114682197571,
-0.7962962985038757,
1.0731874704360962,
-0.26817482709884644,
0.7830519676208496,
0.02853056974709034,
-0.06471334397792816,
0.11116601526737213,
-0.403181254863739,
0.5897621512413025,
0.003791213734075427,
-0.6286114454269409,
0.8564741015434265,
0.1106748878955841,
-0.2112986147403717,
-0.00833817757666111,
0.016854701563715935,
-0.8867069482803345,
-0.48625487089157104,
-0.6499598026275635,
0.8827543258666992,
-0.20888158679008484,
0.19641701877117157,
-0.3566918969154358,
-0.930898904800415,
0.5326672792434692,
0.27417346835136414,
-0.30107414722442627,
0.18604272603988647,
0.33864572644233704,
-0.31200236082077026,
-0.3210899829864502,
0.38889753818511963,
-0.3297492563724518,
0.3830256462097168,
0.18902786076068878,
-0.10462994873523712,
0.014873829670250416,
-0.017847372218966484,
0.6145663857460022,
0.5103598237037659,
0.20332393050193787,
-0.3938691318035126,
0.18679164350032806,
0.576205849647522,
0.45332202315330505,
-0.5561671853065491,
-0.5069922208786011,
-0.5787116885185242,
-0.8020536303520203,
0.16247594356536865,
-0.06773555278778076,
0.37714338302612305,
-0.6250414848327637,
-0.3262682855129242,
-0.006740420125424862,
-0.345958411693573,
0.36554479598999023,
0.29969915747642517,
-0.07996980100870132,
-0.9209156632423401,
0.011573594063520432,
0.3586045503616333,
0.2751753628253937,
-0.3850177228450775,
-0.5547341108322144,
-0.11804765462875366,
0.14594106376171112,
-0.05203366279602051,
-0.24556925892829895,
-0.17945531010627747,
-0.08384707570075989,
-0.32710331678390503,
0.7795161008834839,
0.2771637737751007,
0.20654676854610443,
0.3993070125579834,
0.009608414024114609,
0.3788980543613434,
-0.34463903307914734,
0.04784921929240227,
-0.3749977648258209,
-0.06878543645143509,
0.835334837436676,
0.2229652851819992,
0.5661392211914062,
0.41524744033813477,
-0.25889161229133606,
-0.21454642713069916,
0.2316821664571762,
-5.2170891761779785,
0.109812431037426,
-0.5500049591064453,
0.40958893299102783,
1.1498790979385376,
-0.46308472752571106,
0.23981186747550964,
-0.7215371131896973,
-0.4485768675804138,
-0.7261665463447571,
-0.4556202292442322,
-0.3300907611846924,
0.011403456330299377,
0.5872461199760437,
0.4024896025657654,
0.860794723033905,
0.5154321789741516,
-0.033270515501499176,
0.022378522902727127,
0.6256709098815918,
-0.4153386950492859,
0.21029260754585266,
0.06461747735738754,
0.3700082004070282,
0.3936420977115631,
0.4540058672428131,
-0.24023623764514923,
0.04345358535647392,
-0.572209358215332,
-0.4686368405818939,
0.07247588038444519,
-0.44468727707862854,
0.004550362005829811,
-0.4673549234867096,
-0.4183453917503357,
0.13166774809360504,
0.5916438102722168,
0.43842917680740356,
0.31796005368232727,
0.05463031679391861,
0.4787270724773407,
0.2555049657821655,
0.128053680062294,
-0.01996648497879505,
0.5464052557945251,
-0.40251898765563965,
-0.8070729970932007,
-0.03226717934012413,
-0.32503923773765564,
0.1475650519132614,
-0.6585602760314941,
0.5138749480247498,
0.5825363993644714,
0.21648269891738892,
-0.3647604286670685,
-0.3549691140651703,
0.24312055110931396,
0.10265658795833588,
0.13655881583690643,
-0.17959877848625183,
0.34513887763023376,
-0.8643724322319031,
0.02381243370473385,
-0.6959034204483032,
-0.46894571185112,
-0.3529750406742096,
0.2662486732006073,
0.4121529459953308,
0.4202025830745697,
0.5145775675773621,
0.31173035502433777,
-0.0025964369997382164,
-0.25325873494148254,
-0.6617347598075867,
-0.4464840888977051,
-0.4355015158653259,
-0.11514396965503693,
-0.07698231190443039,
0.19735963642597198,
0.09327412396669388,
-0.08709327131509781,
-0.059550926089286804,
-0.310921311378479,
0.72804194688797,
-0.04484555497765541,
-0.8032734394073486,
-0.4150256812572479,
0.24251773953437805,
-0.7502226233482361,
-0.3512147068977356,
-0.2842954099178314,
-0.18991899490356445,
-0.5171297192573547,
0.7029891014099121,
0.37944328784942627,
-0.2836001217365265,
0.30370044708251953,
0.4834814667701721,
-0.0585506446659565,
0.08718341588973999,
0.34382888674736023,
-0.6788504123687744,
0.04004237428307533,
0.17532049119472504,
-0.2684977352619171,
0.026533761993050575,
-0.11051738262176514,
0.36556634306907654,
0.6039988398551941,
0.03194862976670265,
0.12557455897331238,
-0.6576040387153625,
-0.5653483271598816,
0.08049049973487854,
-0.33467480540275574,
-0.36291301250457764,
-0.16085077822208405,
0.5675897598266602,
-0.5770819783210754,
0.2615659534931183,
-0.280047208070755,
0.20275981724262238,
0.15518523752689362,
-0.2662184238433838,
-0.35006198287010193,
-0.4113791286945343,
0.3704618215560913,
-0.2964068651199341,
-0.4512324929237366,
-0.4485035240650177,
-0.1976362019777298,
-0.20329388976097107,
0.10230455547571182,
0.6315112113952637,
-0.17143398523330688,
-0.27207329869270325,
-0.3876521587371826,
0.1245492547750473,
0.34708303213119507,
0.4006733298301697,
-0.07154729962348938,
-0.13300275802612305,
0.14042042195796967,
0.12528544664382935,
0.6903940439224243,
0.8768526911735535,
-0.3112117350101471,
0.44501957297325134,
-1.0788581371307373,
0.5871418714523315,
-0.3266006112098694,
-0.469182550907135,
0.2050655484199524,
-0.10620948672294617,
0.16944554448127747,
-0.1451846808195114,
-0.5501213669776917,
0.5850927233695984,
0.2002710998058319,
-0.04715326428413391,
-0.029703939333558083,
-0.1534327268600464,
-0.38591817021369934,
-0.2906610071659088,
0.581514835357666,
0.05342083424329758,
0.06439143419265747,
-0.33219051361083984,
-0.8345719575881958,
0.5043352246284485,
-0.2774021625518799,
-0.29243597388267517,
-0.6355938911437988,
-0.021778061985969543,
0.6273244023323059,
0.04550812765955925,
-0.14654210209846497,
-0.10446540266275406,
-0.09633643180131912,
-0.018343502655625343,
0.4919055998325348,
-0.6020684242248535,
0.28210458159446716,
-0.06819577515125275,
0.7217363715171814,
-0.14665836095809937,
-0.31307369470596313,
-0.4734133780002594,
0.24674223363399506,
-0.4214649200439453,
0.11625462025403976,
-0.09305129200220108,
0.2121403068304062,
0.14439897239208221,
-0.44918376207351685,
-0.3785121440887451,
-0.1098019927740097,
-0.5407309532165527,
-0.5207455158233643,
-0.3385028541088104,
0.3064076006412506,
0.7090688347816467,
-0.7564827799797058,
0.5991063714027405,
-0.018193570896983147,
-0.38794848322868347,
0.3299063444137573,
0.14178524911403656,
-0.14443513751029968,
0.6467562317848206,
-0.45060160756111145,
-1.2413854598999023,
0.5263577699661255,
0.7374529242515564,
-0.9919071197509766,
-0.08587493747472763,
0.2688151001930237,
-0.18863330781459808,
-0.3496902585029602,
-0.15341071784496307,
-0.049175411462783813,
-0.2939472198486328,
-0.20284181833267212,
-0.042064692825078964,
-0.633314311504364,
0.6974067091941833,
0.2682173252105713,
-0.36165422201156616,
0.7345055937767029,
-0.410032719373703,
0.10013080388307571,
-0.0955226942896843,
-0.20213691890239716,
0.2619451582431793,
0.8985810875892639,
-0.16875410079956055,
0.1862185001373291,
-0.11954911053180695,
-0.36637043952941895,
0.08945326507091522,
0.41942793130874634,
0.8736236691474915,
-0.23896624147891998,
-0.5639023780822754,
-0.41415083408355713,
0.4166719615459442,
0.38085171580314636,
0.3062545359134674,
-0.6882166266441345,
-0.0005572175141423941,
0.8528635501861572,
-0.6545135974884033,
-0.3806970417499542,
-0.1896972954273224,
0.3489767909049988,
-0.46877554059028625,
0.16681110858917236,
0.48504123091697693,
-0.047359488904476166,
-0.19027529656887054,
0.2864970564842224,
0.13356448709964752,
-0.684748649597168,
0.1853233426809311,
0.049151718616485596,
0.06995738297700882,
-0.481326699256897,
-0.43676885962486267,
0.6221140027046204,
-0.26007160544395447,
0.4796868860721588,
-0.26771098375320435,
-0.012607390992343426,
0.4647836983203888,
0.006369588430970907,
0.3640637993812561,
-0.33837422728538513,
-0.9221705198287964,
1.0994348526000977,
-0.30591607093811035,
-0.4905083179473877,
0.4480266571044922,
0.3570461571216583,
-0.29590892791748047,
0.5435096025466919,
-0.45714765787124634,
0.1397107094526291,
0.3725833296775818,
0.07190769910812378,
0.48558393120765686,
-0.3155645430088043,
-0.47489359974861145,
0.10128745436668396,
0.12742145359516144,
0.16138163208961487,
0.2196478694677353,
0.5919432044029236,
-0.14635398983955383,
1.0407100915908813,
0.055094048380851746,
-0.660123884677887,
1.0746463537216187,
0.6521408557891846,
0.3262881636619568,
0.4544660151004791,
0.17759951949119568,
-0.4647684693336487,
-0.10739852488040924,
-0.28871238231658936,
-0.3612504005432129,
0.28401458263397217,
-0.14550383388996124,
0.6681951880455017,
0.5299885272979736,
-0.24705587327480316,
-0.16628962755203247,
0.46779870986938477,
-0.8662644028663635,
0.302798330783844,
0.5559982657432556,
-0.364296555519104,
0.35650742053985596,
0.08226804435253143,
-0.013177581131458282,
-0.02277417853474617,
0.7098832726478577,
-0.29767104983329773,
-0.5166479349136353,
0.1321946233510971,
0.2857675850391388,
0.164144366979599,
-0.2202029973268509,
-0.24913781881332397,
0.8761429786682129,
-0.36759573221206665,
-0.28381431102752686,
-0.044848982244729996,
-0.9465386867523193,
-0.48663657903671265,
0.3145289123058319,
0.9442154169082642,
0.5993250012397766,
-0.4344576895236969,
0.3584672808647156,
-0.5287750363349915,
0.07175084948539734,
0.2387656271457672,
0.464304655790329,
-0.2841276526451111,
0.22864754498004913,
0.14246319234371185,
0.029120296239852905,
0.706537127494812,
-0.33200809359550476,
-0.1278015822172165,
0.45561808347702026,
-0.020119164139032364,
-0.11957351118326187,
-0.5498164296150208,
0.041644733399152756,
-0.09993353486061096,
1.192309021949768,
0.9281607866287231,
-0.45972201228141785,
-0.013297559693455696,
-0.1267479509115219,
0.5958335399627686,
-0.14981073141098022,
-0.13806630671024323,
0.5645710229873657,
0.08992383629083633,
0.45837703347206116,
0.2158656269311905,
-0.957675576210022,
0.13895472884178162,
0.5845721960067749,
-0.149704247713089,
0.7423866391181946,
0.12850724160671234,
-0.35080450773239136,
-0.20946145057678223,
-0.4116089940071106,
-0.11393696069717407,
0.0724530816078186,
0.16418348252773285,
-0.7565927505493164,
-0.7805042862892151,
0.40323397517204285,
-0.8291952610015869,
-0.2785627245903015,
-0.06770855188369751,
-0.5037941336631775,
0.14151650667190552,
0.07543159276247025,
-0.6576558947563171,
-0.5295423269271851,
-0.22140340507030487,
0.5471561551094055,
0.2834774851799011,
-0.2414775788784027,
0.026817522943019867,
-0.2721025049686432,
-0.5890626311302185,
-0.15346379578113556,
-0.20414014160633087,
0.35400182008743286,
-0.4075486958026886,
0.4828428030014038,
-0.7856176495552063,
0.361304372549057,
0.09029001742601395,
0.21381546556949615,
-0.28119906783103943,
0.44220805168151855,
-0.2374824732542038,
1.291540265083313,
0.7320289015769958,
-0.00518945325165987,
-0.39040178060531616,
-0.03266165778040886,
-0.09954718500375748,
0.14941120147705078,
-0.10890115052461624,
0.4063202440738678,
0.37065011262893677,
0.2902289032936096,
-0.1658770740032196,
0.5293470025062561,
-0.250628262758255,
0.39402714371681213,
0.027631837874650955,
0.11534258723258972,
-0.5567044019699097,
0.12442371249198914,
-0.4010153114795685,
0.3223669230937958,
0.818874716758728,
1.3641455173492432,
0.1512567102909088,
-0.3528977632522583,
-0.764041006565094,
-0.23090988397598267,
0.4551519751548767,
0.2636910080909729,
-0.3348712921142578,
-0.25689584016799927,
-0.32436850666999817,
-0.4075269401073456,
-0.4546405076980591,
0.37290310859680176,
0.6505969166755676,
-0.28724631667137146,
0.7108305096626282,
-0.11622247844934464,
-0.04791707918047905,
-0.4982397258281708,
0.03970716893672943,
-0.3101818561553955,
0.6291255950927734,
0.3334832489490509
]
|
128363 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven%20Springs%2C%20North%20Carolina | Seven Springs, North Carolina | Seven Springs is a town in Wayne County, North Carolina, United States. It lies next to the Neuse River. The 2012 population was estimated at 111. It is included in the Goldsboro, North Carolina Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , all of it land.
Demographics
As of the census of 2010, there were 110 people, 43 households, and 27 families residing in the town. The population density was 261.9 people per square mile (100.6/km). There were 67 housing units at an average density of 204.1 per square mile (78.4/km). The racial makeup of the town was 81.8% White and 8.2% African American.
There were 43 households, out of which 14.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.2% were married couples living together, 18.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.9% were non-families. 32.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 23.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.00 and the average family size was 2.32.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 17.4% under the age of 18, 4.7% from 18 to 24, 20.9% from 25 to 44, 23.3% from 45 to 64, and 33.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 50 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 69.0 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $28,750, and the median income for a family was $29,063. Males had a median income of $29,375 versus $26,250 for females. The per capita income for the town was $46,922. There were no families and 8.0% of the population living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and 16.0% of those over 64.
The town's peak population was about 207 (1960).
Education
Education in Seven Springs is administered by the Wayne County Public Schools system. Spring Creek Middle School and Spring Creek High School are located within the community. Higher education is offered through Wayne Community College in Goldsboro.
Transportation
Passenger
Air: Seven Springs is served through nearby Kinston Regional Jetport with service to Orlando, Florida. Raleigh-Durham International Airport is the closest major airport with service to more than 45 domestic and international destinations. Wayne Executive Jetport is an airport located in Wayne County, but is only used for general aviation.
Interstate Highway: I-795 is the closest Interstate to Seven Springs, which is located 15 miles northwest in Goldsboro.
Seven Springs is not served directly by passenger trains. The closest Amtrak station is located in Selma.
Bus: The area is served by Greyhound with a location in nearby Goldsboro.
Roads
The highways in Seven Springs are NC 55 and NC 903. Also nearby are US 70, NC 111, I-40 and I-95.
Climate change impacts
In 2021 the New York Times published a feature article on Seven Springs and several other communities in North Carolina that have been negatively affected by extreme weather effects of climate change. In 1999 the Neuse River overflowed during Hurricane Floyd, flooding the town. It was flooded again in 2016 during Hurricane Matthew and again in 2018 during Hurricane Florence. In each case, there were fewer resources - money and people - to repair the damage. As a result, the population and tax base has experienced a significant decline. Several homeowners living in the floodplain have accepted buyouts and it is thought that another flood will signal the end of the town.
External links
Official website of Seven Springs, North Carolina (dead link)
References
Populated places on the Neuse River
Towns in North Carolina
Towns in Wayne County, North Carolina | [
-0.5255358219146729,
0.10788076370954514,
0.06756904721260071,
-0.5275407433509827,
0.8842653036117554,
0.44382244348526,
1.0164551734924316,
0.9006462097167969,
-0.85898756980896,
0.156502828001976,
-0.25195661187171936,
0.45938143134117126,
-0.5105078220367432,
0.9593284130096436,
-0.8535363674163818,
0.4366256594657898,
0.46820977330207825,
0.6099644303321838,
0.07368899136781693,
-0.6507807970046997,
-0.09170162677764893,
-0.41349145770072937,
0.5062718987464905,
0.3638257384300232,
0.012387145310640335,
0.2503543794155121,
0.4816129803657532,
0.282208114862442,
0.4538378417491913,
0.00039555467083118856,
-0.45079305768013,
0.46429646015167236,
-0.5328644514083862,
0.09223363548517227,
0.2950292229652405,
-0.06653182953596115,
-0.05067441612482071,
0.3847489356994629,
-0.275206059217453,
-0.3380754292011261,
-0.38531532883644104,
-0.541845440864563,
-0.10104729235172272,
-0.04062221199274063,
0.0575668029487133,
-0.3583958148956299,
-0.8129762411117554,
0.07707051932811737,
-0.5568649768829346,
-0.996711790561676,
-0.7733168601989746,
0.6620593070983887,
-0.2099149525165558,
0.3121275305747986,
0.7040183544158936,
0.16694824397563934,
-0.37701210379600525,
0.5619356632232666,
0.7197375297546387,
0.43207064270973206,
-0.5012015104293823,
0.15546119213104248,
0.3814220130443573,
0.4551891088485718,
-0.42213401198387146,
0.07755136489868164,
-0.24092617630958557,
0.5297757387161255,
0.171415314078331,
0.20118317008018494,
0.0786818116903305,
-0.023725077509880066,
-0.5628265142440796,
-0.25599461793899536,
0.03192587196826935,
0.7919908165931702,
-0.5117311477661133,
-0.41082844138145447,
0.19000744819641113,
0.03785386309027672,
0.10896540433168411,
-0.11312315613031387,
1.1250429153442383,
0.037932880222797394,
0.15327763557434082,
0.639743447303772,
-0.593425452709198,
0.6118675470352173,
0.10742352902889252,
0.322230726480484,
-0.6968948245048523,
-0.12720905244350433,
-0.14683878421783447,
-0.13723434507846832,
-0.3052212595939636,
-0.3516976237297058,
-0.11156987398862839,
0.19247375428676605,
-0.12803758680820465,
0.44806572794914246,
-0.007833710871636868,
0.08596745878458023,
0.9392419457435608,
-0.03015461191534996,
-0.4473925828933716,
-0.22713373601436615,
-0.6864599585533142,
-0.24697768688201904,
-0.2189745008945465,
-0.2457415610551834,
-0.7243844866752625,
-0.11603567749261856,
0.3134351670742035,
-0.6213200092315674,
-0.6756687164306641,
0.3395823538303375,
0.13136976957321167,
-0.33599016070365906,
0.08426433801651001,
-0.17016783356666565,
0.44220373034477234,
-0.045849546790122986,
-0.1682051718235016,
0.5341573357582092,
0.31049644947052,
0.3244852125644684,
0.007139320485293865,
-0.04883984103798866,
0.2818950116634369,
0.6469902396202087,
-0.4227198660373688,
0.3279793858528137,
0.02390235848724842,
0.20690661668777466,
0.02169925533235073,
0.1689172238111496,
-0.1093084067106247,
0.1392115354537964,
0.7479142546653748,
0.16153930127620697,
-0.829509437084198,
0.19816051423549652,
-0.3077790439128876,
-0.24452397227287292,
-0.18104876577854156,
-0.4016474485397339,
-0.4319940507411957,
-0.17648296058177948,
0.270967960357666,
0.4006870985031128,
-0.0030249140691012144,
0.09192793816328049,
0.5779345631599426,
0.3791162371635437,
-0.2657529413700104,
0.2884872853755951,
0.628268837928772,
0.1862199306488037,
-0.023844119161367416,
0.290543794631958,
-0.13790298998355865,
1.3042999505996704,
1.0307197570800781,
0.4875822365283966,
0.8252792358398438,
0.1442912369966507,
0.3192574381828308,
-0.8099002242088318,
-0.11808223277330399,
0.43065086007118225,
-0.19372184574604034,
0.9362186193466187,
0.5715650916099548,
-0.449738085269928,
0.1058325543999672,
-0.675504744052887,
0.8933857083320618,
0.16561271250247955,
-0.0004568086296785623,
-0.3198261857032776,
-0.8425634503364563,
-0.02119499072432518,
0.5739930868148804,
-0.019017118960618973,
-0.4498990476131439,
0.29443591833114624,
0.3286408483982086,
-0.04888211563229561,
-0.41631293296813965,
-0.556443989276886,
-0.0037245401181280613,
-0.5160855650901794,
0.41562333703041077,
-0.27579477429389954,
0.3724830448627472,
-0.16689877212047577,
-0.32155847549438477,
0.40879306197166443,
-0.11253993213176727,
0.19193366169929504,
0.5830472707748413,
-0.5355883240699768,
0.14601854979991913,
-0.2540162205696106,
-0.3177511394023895,
0.3689992129802704,
-0.12046599388122559,
-0.09899995476007462,
0.259501576423645,
0.02904231660068035,
-0.41555631160736084,
-0.8607913255691528,
-0.007050196174532175,
0.37004753947257996,
-0.46735358238220215,
-0.7557981610298157,
-0.6547637581825256,
0.07141086459159851,
0.6921082735061646,
-0.43819504976272583,
0.577411413192749,
-0.15145191550254822,
-0.14345481991767883,
-0.45248448848724365,
-0.3667089343070984,
0.6697940826416016,
-0.4719817042350769,
-0.09171085059642792,
-0.1836177110671997,
-0.1536085158586502,
-0.008092256262898445,
0.4292280375957489,
0.07431801408529282,
-0.4223715364933014,
0.389323353767395,
-0.2648021876811981,
-0.1614844799041748,
-0.061200566589832306,
0.33735838532447815,
-0.8566640019416809,
-0.25444233417510986,
0.7144937515258789,
-0.9367654919624329,
0.43180063366889954,
-0.05521213635802269,
-0.11011635512113571,
-0.27772417664527893,
0.029224980622529984,
-0.05013871565461159,
-0.5747840404510498,
-0.15367548167705536,
-0.010091069154441357,
0.5288941264152527,
0.3934193551540375,
-0.3342380225658417,
0.0425555519759655,
-0.40174952149391174,
0.6711152195930481,
0.3684873878955841,
0.17331551015377045,
-0.07653485238552094,
0.4515405297279358,
-0.24922238290309906,
0.22147755324840546,
0.3283964991569519,
-0.5533547401428223,
-0.5373389720916748,
-0.26508909463882446,
0.2864745259284973,
0.17942120134830475,
0.9199438691139221,
-0.5093531012535095,
0.1485152244567871,
0.4434550404548645,
0.8311620950698853,
-0.2699444591999054,
0.08280207216739655,
-0.08823450654745102,
-1.0456743240356445,
-0.0820775255560875,
-0.19315668940544128,
1.2309691905975342,
0.22008882462978363,
-0.2901821434497833,
0.4334392845630646,
-0.7212427258491516,
0.6336173415184021,
0.2526564300060272,
-0.2844894826412201,
-0.05969622731208801,
-0.33580848574638367,
-0.023549502715468407,
-0.0049233888275921345,
0.4363161027431488,
-0.3997591435909271,
0.5386739373207092,
0.33648329973220825,
0.20111705362796783,
0.04714914783835411,
-0.16547632217407227,
-0.5356493592262268,
0.254341721534729,
-0.5938842296600342,
0.12182149291038513,
0.17650192975997925,
-0.3677975833415985,
0.14851199090480804,
-0.1457037329673767,
-4.6271162033081055,
0.09926994144916534,
-0.26713064312934875,
-0.5931252837181091,
0.7186557054519653,
-0.5216270685195923,
0.5071761012077332,
-0.11297618597745895,
-0.31034913659095764,
0.9005113840103149,
0.08273061364889145,
-0.4698471128940582,
0.034005578607320786,
0.601303219795227,
0.484950453042984,
0.1990276724100113,
0.7610049843788147,
-0.7187151312828064,
0.9531605839729309,
0.4434262812137604,
-0.21918053925037384,
0.009019955061376095,
-0.2883514165878296,
-0.1983312964439392,
0.1265648603439331,
0.92293781042099,
-0.34352973103523254,
-0.43735751509666443,
-0.46938708424568176,
0.49723681807518005,
0.038895294070243835,
-0.5177209973335266,
-0.9718340039253235,
-0.6696905493736267,
0.3623042106628418,
-0.6092053651809692,
0.09645767509937286,
-0.5710038542747498,
0.4197919964790344,
-0.32614779472351074,
0.31194010376930237,
0.34264639019966125,
-0.854388415813446,
-0.15960116684436798,
0.5052739977836609,
-0.12542495131492615,
-0.29106786847114563,
-0.05212739482522011,
0.11294583231210709,
1.364924430847168,
0.08471424877643585,
-0.03572314232587814,
0.8265729546546936,
-0.31301307678222656,
0.7012366056442261,
-0.10058441013097763,
0.36404305696487427,
0.24053357541561127,
-0.21707670390605927,
0.8919425010681152,
0.17737959325313568,
-0.4993346333503723,
0.16533005237579346,
0.22791919112205505,
0.2160632461309433,
-0.5602984428405762,
0.10047373175621033,
0.45448848605155945,
0.32362544536590576,
0.00716771325096488,
0.3872573971748352,
0.09925957024097443,
-0.3724958002567291,
-0.7736130356788635,
0.7527914643287659,
-0.5759267210960388,
-0.6552070379257202,
-0.47476160526275635,
-0.23068742454051971,
-0.4810458719730377,
0.28614985942840576,
0.21790668368339539,
0.7491775155067444,
0.26381930708885193,
0.18778204917907715,
-0.3307303190231323,
0.13585706055164337,
0.28334522247314453,
-0.4667731523513794,
-1.0095192193984985,
0.5706350207328796,
0.12341119349002838,
0.7363855838775635,
-0.2913740575313568,
0.17834460735321045,
0.5442724823951721,
0.03485354408621788,
0.4896497130393982,
-0.23076456785202026,
-0.49460315704345703,
0.08129260689020157,
-0.712482213973999,
0.30653706192970276,
-0.5565256476402283,
-0.5277265906333923,
-0.13346800208091736,
0.40155914425849915,
0.0847335159778595,
0.6954048871994019,
-0.5038407444953918,
-0.5635016560554504,
0.029892638325691223,
-0.19800305366516113,
-0.18020714819431305,
0.3095446825027466,
-0.5258410573005676,
0.32930201292037964,
0.8301827907562256,
-0.15565234422683716,
0.27057358622550964,
0.20061658322811127,
-0.007932927459478378,
-0.1443113386631012,
-0.525524377822876,
-0.28972533345222473,
-0.30068278312683105,
0.5357240438461304,
-0.5237956047058105,
-0.6326261162757874,
0.44406840205192566,
-0.3773254454135895,
-0.34190115332603455,
-0.6385906338691711,
-0.11393135040998459,
-0.32667791843414307,
-0.28550469875335693,
-0.36600545048713684,
-1.2681031227111816,
-0.2472674697637558,
0.5719651579856873,
0.031199969351291656,
0.4600315988063812,
-0.812662661075592,
0.4056684970855713,
-0.011815852485597134,
-0.28629881143569946,
0.5304561257362366,
0.2852698266506195,
-0.8794326186180115,
0.8273476362228394,
-0.5186827182769775,
-0.21336650848388672,
-0.292482852935791,
-0.7413302659988403,
-0.2990571856498718,
0.24538473784923553,
0.7646531462669373,
0.24317370355129242,
0.3540857136249542,
-0.3188158869743347,
-0.23670326173305511,
0.07066813856363297,
-1.326663613319397,
0.7693936824798584,
0.22848357260227203,
-0.3984043598175049,
-0.4733349680900574,
0.08335928618907928,
-0.16103237867355347,
0.18945375084877014,
0.6612910628318787,
-0.4062316119670868,
-0.13951830565929413,
-0.07562626898288727,
0.32688215374946594,
-0.21251246333122253,
-0.0585879348218441,
0.7874307632446289,
0.06027791649103165,
0.2702938914299011,
-0.17550382018089294,
0.18433035910129547,
-0.8864488005638123,
-0.6665076613426208,
0.18427425622940063,
-0.28478288650512695,
-0.613638162612915,
-0.10288450121879578,
0.24385963380336761,
0.07795766741037369,
0.17096222937107086,
-0.3634902536869049,
0.4256097078323364,
0.263006329536438,
-0.036162521690130234,
-0.3676932156085968,
0.38880062103271484,
-0.32926589250564575,
-0.35814300179481506,
-0.13965444266796112,
0.21823903918266296,
0.09687939286231995,
-0.4270656108856201,
0.5330706238746643,
0.036650966852903366,
-1.0312892198562622,
0.6461510062217712,
0.4074081480503082,
-0.4470584988594055,
1.3838905096054077,
0.20129920542240143,
-0.4993187189102173,
0.41522538661956787,
0.7939276695251465,
0.15393447875976562,
-0.11824160069227219,
0.439664363861084,
-0.1991891711950302,
-0.6188158988952637,
0.14833660423755646,
-0.9400859475135803,
-0.15257637202739716,
-0.3200242817401886,
-0.38671258091926575,
-0.8622400164604187,
-0.1177656427025795,
0.7275335788726807,
-0.17410534620285034,
0.6959724426269531,
-0.44999632239341736,
0.013133625499904156,
-0.06469471752643585,
0.4568115770816803,
0.44444260001182556,
-0.3084568977355957,
0.13304001092910767,
-0.46581408381462097,
-0.944383442401886,
0.10076151043176651,
-0.30209600925445557,
-0.09671363234519958,
0.8106616139411926,
0.4078981876373291,
-0.9646239280700684,
-0.032855402678251266,
-0.63970947265625,
1.5118482112884521,
-0.014140456914901733,
-0.9154273867607117,
0.6982766389846802,
0.7100415825843811,
-0.4174796938896179,
-1.1003388166427612,
-0.3695816099643707,
0.6415093541145325,
-0.09365104138851166,
0.36278361082077026,
0.5308685302734375,
0.12620221078395844,
-0.3851239085197449,
0.31323856115341187,
-0.20588473975658417,
-0.05252176895737648,
-0.5206826329231262,
-0.08831609040498734,
-0.8421693444252014,
-0.3969545364379883,
-0.23526538908481598,
0.22520005702972412,
-0.43970733880996704,
-0.5093843936920166,
-0.2798798382282257,
0.06298809498548508,
0.5973111987113953,
-0.5447262525558472,
0.2840324640274048,
-0.1306244432926178,
-1.1357425451278687,
0.3049982786178589,
0.5302245020866394,
-1.2305331230163574,
-0.5348158478736877,
-0.6252205967903137,
0.23742879927158356,
0.13573627173900604,
-0.7571275234222412,
0.1207498162984848,
-0.2189500778913498,
-0.549187183380127,
0.15251806378364563,
-0.5229364633560181,
0.42631396651268005,
0.20216508209705353,
-1.159537434577942,
-0.2715269923210144,
0.3686383068561554,
0.19754333794116974,
0.5418060421943665,
0.051010120660066605,
0.7423419952392578,
-0.7873415946960449,
0.7777764201164246,
0.006715633440762758,
-0.26297110319137573,
0.4452818036079407,
-0.38164448738098145,
-0.5964782238006592,
-0.5678054690361023,
0.5711501836776733,
0.37738293409347534,
-0.18392272293567657,
0.15545448660850525,
0.3845581114292145,
1.076227068901062,
-0.2156430035829544,
-0.024215906858444214,
1.074549674987793,
-0.6891372203826904,
0.04070235788822174,
0.1929125189781189,
-0.2315240204334259,
0.6986351609230042,
0.6536878943443298,
0.5777266621589661,
-0.1097225472331047,
1.5786306858062744,
-0.5015944838523865,
0.38886433839797974,
-0.2988932132720947,
0.18144002556800842,
0.14620374143123627,
-0.7548772692680359,
-0.2664666175842285,
0.052985887974500656,
-0.6121723651885986,
-0.5733951926231384,
-0.24584044516086578,
-0.5793434381484985,
-1.0430755615234375,
0.4509381353855133,
0.3043350279331207,
0.2396320402622223,
0.6878923177719116,
-0.1752512902021408,
0.17027486860752106,
-0.2444385588169098,
0.2521219551563263,
0.3650403618812561,
0.6292722225189209,
-1.035180687904358,
0.13509336113929749,
-0.26235634088516235,
0.19257669150829315,
-0.6621111035346985,
-0.35503634810447693,
-0.026977045461535454,
0.5318369269371033,
-0.055157631635665894,
-0.9358773231506348,
0.026814721524715424,
-0.07231993228197098,
-0.26784032583236694,
1.4753918647766113,
0.23889248073101044,
0.05147727206349373,
0.045787837356328964,
0.6215559244155884,
0.2293487787246704,
-0.5441331267356873,
0.7933141589164734,
0.4393453299999237,
0.3347397744655609,
0.29357901215553284,
0.617975652217865,
-0.029224112629890442,
0.483894407749176,
0.198592409491539,
0.8211750984191895,
-0.13304270803928375,
0.0841391533613205,
-0.14872758090496063,
-0.2590770125389099,
-0.6277232766151428,
0.17769397795200348,
0.008303993381559849,
-0.3188503086566925,
-0.15851522982120514,
0.0521121472120285,
-0.3467855751514435,
-0.335957407951355,
0.07906944304704666,
-0.12467806786298752,
-0.20560944080352783,
-0.3652467429637909,
0.03720884397625923,
0.37957340478897095,
0.1460765153169632,
0.6456242203712463,
0.4345102906227112,
0.29605916142463684,
0.2718525230884552,
0.47221797704696655,
0.031652551144361496,
0.4228250980377197,
0.03144903481006622,
0.07160525768995285,
-0.3956312835216522,
0.6017535328865051,
-1.4345178604125977,
0.4318290650844574,
0.11558756232261658,
0.8747358918190002,
-0.10197771340608597,
0.7045519351959229,
-0.45715978741645813,
-0.43263348937034607,
0.8292132616043091,
-0.02780892513692379,
-0.7558401823043823,
-0.17210930585861206,
-0.31178224086761475,
-0.16308286786079407,
0.054024837911129,
0.49522748589515686,
-0.21256382763385773,
-0.4779282808303833,
0.11013268679380417,
-0.2580157518386841,
-1.0547248125076294,
0.17682231962680817,
-0.015420284122228622,
-1.802504539489746,
0.2633698284626007,
0.2181820571422577,
-0.6659964323043823,
-0.29563426971435547,
0.11987366527318954,
1.6274535655975342,
0.47202375531196594,
-0.6104730367660522,
0.2431756556034088,
-0.08864946663379669,
-0.2895241677761078,
-0.02203625626862049,
0.3193017244338989,
-0.07352616637945175,
-0.9146326184272766,
-0.7815600037574768,
-0.5668817162513733,
0.23343536257743835,
-0.630486249923706,
-0.818253219127655,
-0.12417146563529968,
-0.743010938167572,
0.5408155918121338,
-0.4338448643684387,
0.1616043895483017,
-0.14864125847816467,
0.1458694040775299,
0.32446223497390747
]
|
128364 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walnut%20Creek%2C%20North%20Carolina | Walnut Creek, North Carolina | Walnut Creek is a village in Wayne County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 835 in 2010. It is included in the Goldsboro, North Carolina Metropolitan Statistical Area.
The village is built around the Walnut Creek Country Club.
Geography
Walnut Creek is located at (35.309358, -77.867517).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 1.9Β square miles (4.8Β km), of which, 1.5Β square miles (4.0Β km) of it is land and 0.3Β square miles (0.8Β km) of it (17.20%) is water.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 859 people, 322 households, and 293 families residing in the village. The population density was 556.1 people per square mile (215.4/km). There were 332 housing units at an average density of 214.9 per square mile (83.2/km). The racial makeup of the village was 95.23% White, 1.63% African American, 0.12% Native American, 2.10% Asian, and 0.93% from two or more races.
There were 322 households, out of which 33.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 87.6% were married couples living together, 3.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 8.7% were non-families. 7.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 2.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.67 and the average family size was 2.80.
In the village, the population was spread out, with 22.7% under the age of 18, 3.5% from 18 to 24, 18.2% from 25 to 44, 40.3% from 45 to 64, and 15.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 48 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.7 males.
The median income for a household in the village was $96,037, and the median income for a family was $98,071. Males had a median income of $80,000 versus $27,292 for females. The per capita income for the village was $45,070. None of the population or families were below the poverty line.
Education
Education in Walnut Creek is administered by the Wayne County Public Schools system with children attending schools in nearby townships. Higher education is offered through Wayne Community College in Goldsboro.
Transportation
Passenger
Air: Walnut Creek is served through nearby Kinston Regional Jetport with service to Orlando, Florida. Raleigh-Durham International Airport is the closest major airport with service to more than 45 domestic and international destinations. Goldsboro-Wayne Municipal Airport is an airport located in Wayne County, but is only used for general aviation.
Interstate Highway: I-795 is the closest Interstate to Walnut Creek, which is located 10 miles west in Goldsboro.
Walnut Creek is not served directly by passenger trains. The closest Amtrak station is located in Selma.
Bus: The area is served by Greyhound with a location in nearby Goldsboro.
Roads
The main highway in Walnut Creek is US 70.
References
External links
Village website
Villages in Wayne County, North Carolina
Villages in North Carolina | [
-0.5514290928840637,
0.37954992055892944,
-0.39460164308547974,
-0.23741790652275085,
0.6104267835617065,
0.549218475818634,
1.0351996421813965,
1.0965702533721924,
-0.6895543336868286,
0.001954691018909216,
-0.24635446071624756,
0.632347822189331,
-0.38289564847946167,
0.8934001326560974,
-0.758276641368866,
0.195036843419075,
0.34829196333885193,
0.9094732403755188,
0.4065631031990051,
-0.7550675868988037,
0.01762637495994568,
-0.36831918358802795,
0.3609063923358917,
0.5415238738059998,
0.14629828929901123,
0.0032970085740089417,
0.59256511926651,
-0.04046839848160744,
0.18576307594776154,
0.033661697059869766,
-0.2707783579826355,
0.7264103889465332,
-0.10708948969841003,
-0.27811962366104126,
0.5799416899681091,
-0.5627602338790894,
-0.16659970581531525,
-0.005985019728541374,
0.11825491487979889,
-0.09942891448736191,
-0.40553519129753113,
-0.114571213722229,
0.16917386651039124,
0.08735449612140656,
0.34666478633880615,
-0.39629051089286804,
-1.3326659202575684,
0.19729097187519073,
-0.9193846583366394,
-0.9531357884407043,
-0.6342124938964844,
0.5656235814094543,
-0.23648594319820404,
0.40586960315704346,
0.493196576833725,
0.21562950313091278,
-0.03451194614171982,
0.03246448561549187,
1.2269831895828247,
0.7413077354431152,
-0.1420682817697525,
0.350811630487442,
0.12777645885944366,
0.020006349310278893,
-0.23409654200077057,
0.15220564603805542,
0.14113810658454895,
0.8198987245559692,
-0.379083514213562,
-0.14980745315551758,
-0.21222685277462006,
-0.15746821463108063,
-0.1270764321088791,
0.18910057842731476,
0.03531821817159653,
0.6642115116119385,
-0.19430412352085114,
0.09704054147005081,
0.0869029313325882,
0.11601497232913971,
0.14422395825386047,
0.19972863793373108,
0.9421572685241699,
0.27261975407600403,
0.4067360758781433,
0.6331455707550049,
-0.738156259059906,
0.39085206389427185,
0.5959237217903137,
0.38388630747795105,
-0.9499269723892212,
0.42676907777786255,
-0.26518750190734863,
0.09768359363079071,
-0.2531600594520569,
0.30873772501945496,
-0.31507301330566406,
0.009600232355296612,
-0.3251835107803345,
0.6997900605201721,
-0.519426703453064,
0.4305497705936432,
1.167246699333191,
0.2841397821903229,
-0.35325247049331665,
0.047945816069841385,
-0.5151804685592651,
-0.3584471642971039,
0.17597809433937073,
-0.5153929591178894,
-0.5492594242095947,
0.25322094559669495,
0.1274886578321457,
-0.788257360458374,
-0.5193303823471069,
0.4771287441253662,
0.24341848492622375,
-0.5195631980895996,
0.013466465286910534,
-0.0696575865149498,
0.0626707375049591,
0.645032525062561,
-0.2535252571105957,
0.31259629130363464,
0.2549265921115875,
0.1916479617357254,
0.3373345732688904,
0.012200122699141502,
0.486507385969162,
0.6494220495223999,
-0.11951401084661484,
0.5995215177536011,
-0.02227429486811161,
-0.08251792937517166,
-0.03403874486684799,
-0.1169167086482048,
-0.25169333815574646,
0.2665277421474457,
0.41485893726348877,
0.16131442785263062,
-0.7446346879005432,
-0.11309482902288437,
-0.8822187185287476,
-0.47377657890319824,
-0.5448901653289795,
-0.23911309242248535,
-0.35259637236595154,
-0.14927782118320465,
0.36045724153518677,
0.0055814688093960285,
0.10986148566007614,
-0.0555187463760376,
-0.021134259179234505,
0.21329474449157715,
-0.509018063545227,
0.04246635362505913,
0.3547891080379486,
0.17487460374832153,
0.32468628883361816,
0.11395885050296783,
0.08803398907184601,
0.46520930528640747,
0.844107985496521,
0.056301385164260864,
0.31201812624931335,
0.1356673538684845,
0.6957583427429199,
-0.5060643553733826,
-0.1201348528265953,
0.5415167808532715,
-0.482871949672699,
0.6510288715362549,
0.5085728168487549,
-0.2297995239496231,
0.6501398682594299,
-0.6359299421310425,
1.1700286865234375,
0.14385579526424408,
0.053002264350652695,
-0.3108846843242645,
-1.0393191576004028,
0.1467682272195816,
0.43698257207870483,
0.3398502767086029,
-0.5132454633712769,
0.09744042903184891,
0.3452279567718506,
-0.7407954335212708,
-0.6530320048332214,
-0.31647950410842896,
0.04793200641870499,
-0.41633743047714233,
0.3966980278491974,
-0.08772482722997665,
0.656398594379425,
0.36485162377357483,
-0.6886876821517944,
0.17104829847812653,
-0.2835354804992676,
0.13201284408569336,
0.3101200461387634,
-0.5865361094474792,
0.5844548940658569,
-0.646370530128479,
-0.5858960747718811,
0.7922705411911011,
0.3084309995174408,
-0.32494863867759705,
0.36555275321006775,
0.14493808150291443,
-0.007002064026892185,
-0.8069605231285095,
-0.042767491191625595,
0.39925000071525574,
-0.09185026586055756,
-0.4531501531600952,
-0.11089302599430084,
-0.28950580954551697,
0.312216579914093,
-0.14175431430339813,
0.25884443521499634,
-0.13717907667160034,
0.3306397497653961,
-0.3198900818824768,
-0.21046072244644165,
1.076125144958496,
0.024717213585972786,
0.40482911467552185,
-0.05505724623799324,
-0.3421397805213928,
0.07904718816280365,
0.10699370503425598,
-0.14863106608390808,
-0.8041715025901794,
0.14016178250312805,
-0.4166449010372162,
-0.34679967164993286,
-0.42252108454704285,
0.42828741669654846,
-0.09498857706785202,
-0.33144521713256836,
0.5373929738998413,
-1.4398449659347534,
0.12323205918073654,
0.4178527593612671,
-0.1090996116399765,
-0.20501366257667542,
-0.13507956266403198,
0.433552622795105,
-0.7206892967224121,
0.1888131946325302,
0.5303964614868164,
0.34061458706855774,
-0.073502317070961,
-0.2858051657676697,
-0.28082993626594543,
-0.04664938524365425,
0.4557650685310364,
0.0020045305136591196,
-0.07941433042287827,
-0.26632824540138245,
0.1463070809841156,
-0.2985338568687439,
-0.026620864868164062,
0.041487567126750946,
-0.5752929449081421,
-0.6730531454086304,
-0.19843988120555878,
-0.20282840728759766,
0.2830903232097626,
1.019775390625,
-0.6369777321815491,
0.3437296450138092,
-0.3585750162601471,
0.6915947794914246,
0.36416545510292053,
-0.17269428074359894,
-0.4924980700016022,
-1.0489637851715088,
-0.26377785205841064,
0.06270283460617065,
1.068598985671997,
-0.013165246695280075,
0.42685675621032715,
0.033233266323804855,
-0.5484925508499146,
1.3065475225448608,
0.11699321866035461,
-0.0674562007188797,
-0.1708650141954422,
-0.021338991820812225,
-0.11691104620695114,
-0.292573481798172,
1.4559242725372314,
0.15562328696250916,
0.046083103865385056,
-0.2682061791419983,
0.1397867351770401,
0.16807879507541656,
-0.5964592695236206,
-0.5178476572036743,
0.7030406594276428,
-0.9518986344337463,
-0.015863317996263504,
0.42771077156066895,
-0.4669330418109894,
0.18021193146705627,
-0.5814439058303833,
-4.584832668304443,
0.6126192212104797,
-0.39064347743988037,
-0.2523217499256134,
0.37753307819366455,
-0.36119282245635986,
0.19386331737041473,
-0.4365098774433136,
-0.13303306698799133,
1.0785932540893555,
0.08871270716190338,
-0.12150682508945465,
-0.012160216458141804,
0.4312470555305481,
0.5156553983688354,
-0.06337816268205643,
0.33597391843795776,
-0.6048142313957214,
0.6659612655639648,
0.3983582556247711,
-0.5529969334602356,
0.33204418420791626,
-0.22133097052574158,
-0.40854835510253906,
0.5473130941390991,
0.36310476064682007,
0.05483178794384003,
-0.4892496168613434,
-0.3179856240749359,
0.3868013024330139,
-0.1630026251077652,
-0.13451410830020905,
-0.7251170873641968,
-0.004287985619157553,
-0.09501231461763382,
-0.7371644377708435,
-0.09857872873544693,
-0.12392517179250717,
0.7202167510986328,
-0.38411203026771545,
0.18843145668506622,
0.5426978468894958,
-0.9334878921508789,
-0.34936442971229553,
0.8250487446784973,
-0.06039722263813019,
-0.51777583360672,
-0.21595536172389984,
-0.04286705702543259,
1.2254681587219238,
0.05277641862630844,
-0.12671281397342682,
0.9708969593048096,
-0.2513030171394348,
0.5042036771774292,
0.014231814071536064,
0.7069696187973022,
0.12484965473413467,
-0.31363940238952637,
1.1049387454986572,
-0.12008590251207352,
-0.9817378520965576,
-0.07765701413154602,
0.32128819823265076,
-0.2587805688381195,
-0.5768805146217346,
0.228415846824646,
0.20463818311691284,
0.40313655138015747,
0.06411681324243546,
0.3325014114379883,
0.18346071243286133,
-0.1674359291791916,
-0.7082021236419678,
0.205667644739151,
-0.606693685054779,
-0.8822036385536194,
0.04019813984632492,
-0.6875320672988892,
0.10159090161323547,
0.3838300108909607,
0.1519513726234436,
0.8112757205963135,
0.6651999354362488,
0.13837279379367828,
-0.17245188355445862,
0.14555495977401733,
0.16773159801959991,
-0.5822480916976929,
-0.6269969940185547,
0.2540453374385834,
0.10326677560806274,
0.4097130596637726,
-0.5221202373504639,
-0.24043487012386322,
0.4853016436100006,
0.40185225009918213,
0.32875514030456543,
-0.5539275407791138,
-0.7982276678085327,
0.8355177044868469,
-0.6402033567428589,
-0.3550764322280884,
-0.4779106676578522,
-0.4970244765281677,
0.01858432963490486,
0.31500521302223206,
0.27000048756599426,
0.5453127026557922,
-0.27526456117630005,
-0.48853230476379395,
-0.4452400803565979,
-0.2771718204021454,
-0.5282838940620422,
0.38926443457603455,
-0.46058189868927,
0.18938256800174713,
0.7139421105384827,
0.1451364904642105,
0.03541167080402374,
0.3004508912563324,
0.030525533482432365,
-0.5873483419418335,
-0.5698325037956238,
0.029368681833148003,
-0.3456912636756897,
0.8512016534805298,
-0.2027527093887329,
-0.8596144914627075,
0.49918559193611145,
-0.6655859351158142,
-0.22008344531059265,
-0.6909846067428589,
-0.20703041553497314,
-0.5372253060340881,
-0.6739653944969177,
-0.8325366377830505,
-0.9068766236305237,
0.07553344964981079,
0.9494924545288086,
0.35024234652519226,
0.08220857381820679,
-0.782470166683197,
0.27918317914009094,
-0.21300360560417175,
0.05566151440143585,
0.17755641043186188,
0.34308189153671265,
-1.2317917346954346,
0.4028666913509369,
-0.6966699361801147,
-0.7854369282722473,
-0.27297648787498474,
-0.6008326411247253,
0.20292510092258453,
0.03986679017543793,
0.2888280749320984,
0.2339385449886322,
0.3005618155002594,
-0.5097072124481201,
0.6736076474189758,
0.6089756488800049,
-0.7737561464309692,
0.6761656403541565,
-0.04158439114689827,
-0.18508879840373993,
-0.4029291868209839,
0.183747336268425,
-0.6628152132034302,
0.11790885031223297,
0.6318489909172058,
-0.13941477239131927,
-0.05398230627179146,
0.11324863880872726,
0.44163942337036133,
-0.08135980367660522,
0.20325428247451782,
0.5750609040260315,
0.22715580463409424,
0.14885729551315308,
-0.4355045258998871,
-0.05909154564142227,
-1.0613476037979126,
-0.21909819543361664,
0.15580812096595764,
-0.3369537889957428,
-0.025884157046675682,
-0.03300034999847412,
-0.08809930086135864,
0.23275959491729736,
0.15278171002864838,
-0.3513563275337219,
0.28943532705307007,
0.14474192261695862,
-0.14429894089698792,
-0.2589695155620575,
0.5770663022994995,
-0.759372353553772,
-0.26367491483688354,
-0.7726461887359619,
0.16701962053775787,
0.37988120317459106,
-0.6201990246772766,
0.7117575407028198,
0.13111965358257294,
-0.676827073097229,
0.4782721698284149,
0.7460036277770996,
-1.2165584564208984,
1.5269873142242432,
0.17693649232387543,
-0.7755123376846313,
0.6168760061264038,
0.3328382968902588,
-0.4113560914993286,
-0.1005055233836174,
0.5524903535842896,
0.19064107537269592,
-0.37865570187568665,
0.19181285798549652,
-0.7868083715438843,
-0.1346123069524765,
-0.10693884640932083,
-0.6959487795829773,
-0.5006949305534363,
0.31690657138824463,
0.758020281791687,
-0.3153991997241974,
1.4571771621704102,
-0.5323578715324402,
-0.6546334028244019,
0.06341292709112167,
0.16617563366889954,
0.25988298654556274,
-0.06094835698604584,
-0.027788812294602394,
-0.15631017088890076,
-0.6507084965705872,
0.24312597513198853,
-0.3170568346977234,
0.34018638730049133,
0.7357974052429199,
0.2442563772201538,
-0.44566622376441956,
-0.4146629869937897,
-0.44844767451286316,
1.0743588209152222,
0.16458208858966827,
-0.9238880276679993,
0.19235970079898834,
0.739162027835846,
-0.4182160496711731,
-0.5999100804328918,
-0.04607268422842026,
0.9575013518333435,
-0.28535404801368713,
-0.0036713541485369205,
0.6791015267372131,
0.05211934447288513,
-0.20329594612121582,
0.30862829089164734,
-0.3451537787914276,
0.28066015243530273,
-0.03211469203233719,
0.6293079257011414,
-0.8046027421951294,
-0.11429169028997421,
-0.11533453315496445,
0.43955516815185547,
-0.4251243472099304,
-0.4913522005081177,
-0.028211064636707306,
0.023325089365243912,
0.8113246560096741,
-0.7697863578796387,
0.12876562774181366,
0.12406707555055618,
-1.1527725458145142,
0.06077545881271362,
0.29254260659217834,
-0.4919697642326355,
-0.5535842776298523,
-0.533860981464386,
-0.15690335631370544,
0.1809678077697754,
-0.5765582323074341,
0.23172695934772491,
0.22327330708503723,
-0.19353701174259186,
0.3288736045360565,
-0.647280752658844,
0.5116156935691833,
0.47629690170288086,
-0.6118020415306091,
-0.41039395332336426,
0.4039299190044403,
0.17130330204963684,
0.5122350454330444,
-0.18477243185043335,
0.3443991243839264,
-1.5668376684188843,
0.7614933252334595,
-0.020539548248052597,
-0.3752571940422058,
0.5203843116760254,
-0.11268852651119232,
-1.0260932445526123,
-0.22017423808574677,
0.24898000061511993,
-0.005078969523310661,
-0.39621126651763916,
-0.01575612463057041,
0.49169886112213135,
0.8045622706413269,
-0.007664849981665611,
-0.130193829536438,
0.9145748615264893,
-0.4605122208595276,
-0.1608341932296753,
0.4970315396785736,
-0.36170724034309387,
0.5933775305747986,
0.7453646659851074,
0.7514737844467163,
-0.24390281736850739,
1.3634976148605347,
-0.21601730585098267,
0.5366749167442322,
-0.03651532903313637,
-0.11346959322690964,
-0.0072328634560108185,
-1.120557427406311,
-0.7961796522140503,
0.332577645778656,
0.01732557639479637,
-0.6042639017105103,
-0.38522258400917053,
-0.6031202077865601,
-0.7656415104866028,
0.45585548877716064,
0.23660337924957275,
-0.12732504308223724,
0.4171871840953827,
0.1543148010969162,
0.0723162442445755,
-0.29451414942741394,
-0.08379712700843811,
0.3146059215068817,
0.24550451338291168,
-0.6404087543487549,
0.27390530705451965,
-0.12141349911689758,
0.2967067062854767,
-0.42700421810150146,
-0.23612363636493683,
-0.3938889503479004,
0.4558056592941284,
-0.15095117688179016,
-1.1038410663604736,
-0.5005273222923279,
0.27060553431510925,
-0.17096982896327972,
0.705772876739502,
-0.005709720775485039,
-0.27148422598838806,
0.31958553194999695,
0.5686801075935364,
0.6653563380241394,
-0.5510522723197937,
0.79267817735672,
0.47679078578948975,
-0.016255320981144905,
0.2711969017982483,
0.27553343772888184,
0.5345577597618103,
0.25811660289764404,
-0.1344526708126068,
0.824932873249054,
-0.22879767417907715,
-0.14491739869117737,
0.03306470811367035,
0.16868358850479126,
-0.39049655199050903,
-0.46646884083747864,
0.159171923995018,
0.0008553444058634341,
-0.14111778140068054,
0.0388607494533062,
-0.13756303489208221,
-0.6631972789764404,
-0.3154159188270569,
0.1349049210548401,
-0.1341383457183838,
0.16270193457603455,
-0.29287126660346985,
-0.04122503846883774,
0.0356626883149147,
0.8907355666160583,
0.40266114473342896,
0.3446260690689087,
0.529656171798706,
0.2519623339176178,
-0.4264322817325592,
0.3922198712825775,
-0.3349120020866394,
0.21551670134067535,
-0.8589107394218445,
0.6690608263015747,
-1.1703248023986816,
0.6297038197517395,
0.1684482991695404,
0.911940336227417,
-0.062243327498435974,
1.04152512550354,
-0.2415461540222168,
-0.43179675936698914,
0.7429707646369934,
-0.16905653476715088,
-0.7327595353126526,
-0.3971092402935028,
0.012523534707725048,
-0.37203800678253174,
0.45767220854759216,
0.19498758018016815,
0.2794741690158844,
-0.06456895917654037,
0.018872231245040894,
-0.22847189009189606,
-1.0259437561035156,
-0.16177044808864594,
-0.34300917387008667,
-1.300983190536499,
0.0423322431743145,
-0.38613617420196533,
-0.22167184948921204,
-0.3365750014781952,
0.06866833567619324,
1.3126070499420166,
0.8358450531959534,
-0.6987819671630859,
0.31372928619384766,
-0.736248254776001,
0.1257867068052292,
-0.1108117625117302,
-0.5866825580596924,
-0.1313094198703766,
-0.5815405249595642,
-0.8024659752845764,
0.09182759374380112,
0.5294023156166077,
-0.4885621666908264,
-0.5610061287879944,
0.13473661243915558,
-0.5494459867477417,
0.06680390983819962,
0.050240542739629745,
-0.07930454611778259,
-0.17940998077392578,
0.29913395643234253,
-0.3068934977054596
]
|
128365 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cricket%2C%20North%20Carolina | Cricket, North Carolina | Cricket is a census-designated place (CDP) located between Wilkesboro and North Wilkesboro in Wilkes County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 2,053 at the 2000 census.
Geography
Cricket is located at (36.162968, -81.183077).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , all of it land. Cricket has many rolling hills similar to the townships around it.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,053 people, 862 households, and 581 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 514.7 people per square mile (198.7/km2). There were 951 housing units at an average density of 238.4/sqΒ mi (92.0/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 92.30% White, 0.34% African American, 0.15% Native American, 0.10% Asian, 6.87% from other races, and 0.24% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.81% of the population.
There were 862 households, out of which 25.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.6% were married couples living together, 9.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.5% were non-families. 28.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.38 and the average family size was 2.85.
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 19.6% under the age of 18, 9.8% from 18 to 24, 30.2% from 25 to 44, 24.4% from 45 to 64, and 16.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 104.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 107.2 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $27,017, and the median income for a family was $33,148. Males had a median income of $25,720 versus $16,822 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $12,989. About 9.7% of families and 13.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 21.5% of those under age 18 and 5.7% of those age 65 or over.
Infrastructure
A Citgo gas station is located in Cricket with a convenience store titled the Grocery Bag, Inc. as well as a small hair salon titled Hair Country. Across from the gas station is Cricket Volunteer Fire Department. Along the main road, Boone Trail/Old 421, is a non-denominational church Celebration Church as well as Harmony Baptist Church. H & H Auto Sales is a small car dealership and the only one within Cricket. David's Market is a produce shop at the light in Cricket beside of Lyall's Bike Shop, a motorcycle bike shop. Along another road connecting Cricket and North Wilkesboro, Suncrest Orchard Road, there are also the churches SONcrest Outreach and Welcome Home Baptist Church.
There are no major roads in Cricket, however, Cricket has previously had NC-16, NC-60, as well as US-421 run through what is now the main road, Boone Trail. While there is no scheduled transportation in Cricket, you can request for the Wilkes Transportation Authority to pick you up or drop you off for $4-$5.
References
Census-designated places in North Carolina
Census-designated places in Wilkes County, North Carolina | [
-0.5659849047660828,
0.026953741908073425,
-0.1523624062538147,
-0.015220520086586475,
0.4332500100135803,
-0.18365034461021423,
0.3644424378871918,
0.5585700869560242,
-0.5448674559593201,
-0.09584657102823257,
0.04730235040187836,
-0.1940116435289383,
-0.8033601641654968,
0.3910936713218689,
-0.7871531844139099,
1.2023389339447021,
0.15514591336250305,
0.35944294929504395,
0.6067315340042114,
-0.9865005612373352,
0.026545124128460884,
-0.44937005639076233,
-0.05655447766184807,
0.6518182158470154,
0.3316762149333954,
0.006535845343023539,
0.45545879006385803,
0.4973689913749695,
0.24531109631061554,
0.00026413105661049485,
-0.6177152991294861,
0.3860040009021759,
-0.29657110571861267,
-0.2216298133134842,
0.07843556255102158,
-0.17809021472930908,
0.1608058214187622,
0.18657954037189484,
0.4254041612148285,
-0.9151339530944824,
-0.5153598189353943,
-0.3772522211074829,
0.1608102023601532,
0.28882405161857605,
0.23948951065540314,
-0.34374672174453735,
-1.311430811882019,
0.8847483396530151,
-0.4149411916732788,
-0.4020480215549469,
-0.24560955166816711,
0.7577630281448364,
0.1998000144958496,
0.5836113691329956,
0.48370224237442017,
0.20707538723945618,
-0.16785719990730286,
-0.09842187911272049,
0.9792699813842773,
0.42952877283096313,
-0.20940135419368744,
0.9608659148216248,
0.2913190424442291,
0.3011777400970459,
-0.06981732696294785,
0.14248153567314148,
0.11191476881504059,
0.5612480640411377,
0.4299966096878052,
-0.15694016218185425,
-0.3233100175857544,
-0.003082051407545805,
-0.03205031529068947,
-0.195834681391716,
0.05870067700743675,
0.36444568634033203,
-0.2528224587440491,
-0.1077742949128151,
0.5594485402107239,
0.4231068193912506,
0.3506288528442383,
-0.4129871129989624,
0.9743599891662598,
0.15455235540866852,
0.41369199752807617,
0.5181099772453308,
-0.48861613869667053,
0.3349040448665619,
-0.41973358392715454,
0.015724454075098038,
-0.28185316920280457,
-0.13185343146324158,
0.21136343479156494,
-0.005905355326831341,
-0.8479295372962952,
0.21574780344963074,
-0.06435732543468475,
0.32422223687171936,
-0.12354002147912979,
0.39217904210090637,
-0.5336095690727234,
0.33094140887260437,
0.8262413740158081,
0.06360722333192825,
-0.34263914823532104,
0.11004917323589325,
-0.8676000833511353,
-0.5080493092536926,
0.028076430782675743,
0.0978672131896019,
-0.7405939698219299,
0.11618693172931671,
0.06737952679395676,
-0.46853724122047424,
-0.5144190788269043,
0.1864558905363083,
0.14926229417324066,
-0.25702235102653503,
-0.12137558311223984,
0.12734724581241608,
-0.2500218451023102,
0.33993077278137207,
-0.1074957326054573,
0.25034576654434204,
-0.18922266364097595,
0.24469758570194244,
0.7536742091178894,
0.19892552495002747,
0.5935561060905457,
0.1848912388086319,
-0.46393463015556335,
0.6675541400909424,
-0.15869580209255219,
0.35270625352859497,
0.23668460547924042,
-0.2994787096977234,
-0.545728325843811,
-0.02838185802102089,
0.28247809410095215,
0.267435759305954,
-0.8852828145027161,
-0.46913623809814453,
0.07638375461101532,
-0.2661154866218567,
-0.20133359730243683,
0.16166526079177856,
-0.48961058259010315,
-0.5698292851448059,
-0.04303440824151039,
0.4092385470867157,
0.3980462849140167,
0.42261505126953125,
-0.06174476817250252,
0.013199529610574245,
-0.6907802820205688,
-0.10128943622112274,
0.3341723084449768,
0.028946571052074432,
-0.008933878503739834,
0.24683108925819397,
-0.35681578516960144,
0.504564106464386,
0.5696514844894409,
-0.034074775874614716,
0.1893608123064041,
0.3897111713886261,
0.9053695797920227,
-0.34439539909362793,
-0.008426857180893421,
0.5156334638595581,
-0.33254075050354004,
0.8538884520530701,
0.8839979767799377,
-0.4151526093482971,
0.158532053232193,
-0.2894599139690399,
0.7921395897865295,
-0.15362970530986786,
0.4301915466785431,
0.21063394844532013,
-0.6073866486549377,
0.22031551599502563,
0.4696202874183655,
-0.3359943926334381,
-0.18235893547534943,
0.08081720769405365,
0.06686757504940033,
0.0004553896433208138,
-0.34790921211242676,
-0.5726799368858337,
0.10669529438018799,
-0.6019027233123779,
0.18883079290390015,
0.20319992303848267,
0.6959443092346191,
-0.2542712986469269,
-0.5204356908798218,
0.7026883959770203,
0.06257989257574081,
0.046969469636678696,
0.35292237997055054,
-0.04747641086578369,
0.3793664872646332,
-0.3180951476097107,
-0.21098951995372772,
0.09506386518478394,
0.0638151615858078,
-0.09399934858083725,
-0.29503533244132996,
0.07193747162818909,
-0.5897235870361328,
-0.8080998063087463,
0.25107669830322266,
0.4414459764957428,
0.16307903826236725,
-0.5645538568496704,
-0.305038183927536,
0.609611988067627,
0.2837715744972229,
-0.8252590298652649,
0.35796239972114563,
-0.3940437436103821,
-0.016064515337347984,
-0.3823581039905548,
0.020312929525971413,
1.369281530380249,
-0.28218796849250793,
0.12936240434646606,
-0.23355728387832642,
-0.408310204744339,
-0.12466896325349808,
0.4972876012325287,
0.09167657792568207,
-0.8723958134651184,
-0.0708223283290863,
-0.027814023196697235,
-0.02640726789832115,
-0.8295683264732361,
0.5229640007019043,
-0.38532745838165283,
-0.14004406332969666,
0.8696362376213074,
-0.575914740562439,
0.016776883974671364,
-0.03807173669338226,
-0.03392142802476883,
-0.46671223640441895,
0.04616932198405266,
-0.45278221368789673,
-0.46362540125846863,
0.14319486916065216,
-0.06429312378168106,
0.29315176606178284,
0.5399721264839172,
-0.24543994665145874,
0.14228929579257965,
-0.5590601563453674,
0.31967872381210327,
-0.15072433650493622,
-0.11489979177713394,
-0.06173449754714966,
0.3550657629966736,
-0.32852405309677124,
0.35350093245506287,
0.4127446413040161,
-0.7157138586044312,
-0.13310661911964417,
-0.39800137281417847,
0.5358074903488159,
0.5604382753372192,
0.6310617923736572,
-0.3831149935722351,
0.3773922920227051,
0.3429392874240875,
0.1436624974012375,
0.0733436793088913,
-0.1242251917719841,
-0.30920031666755676,
-0.8657137155532837,
-0.39855602383613586,
0.10825604945421219,
0.5208939909934998,
0.08833864331245422,
-0.04929058998823166,
0.4963406026363373,
-0.6200684905052185,
0.7687720060348511,
-0.4330650568008423,
-0.22572211921215057,
-0.5396645665168762,
-0.20403200387954712,
0.4016214907169342,
-0.18863269686698914,
0.7444078922271729,
-0.1987568438053131,
0.42482078075408936,
0.12506254017353058,
0.4852782189846039,
0.12200727313756943,
-0.23199136555194855,
-0.5774679780006409,
0.2672012150287628,
-0.6090205311775208,
-0.4373006522655487,
0.160063698887825,
-0.27183809876441956,
-0.14068147540092468,
-0.5644428133964539,
-5.189451217651367,
1.0660003423690796,
-0.40544652938842773,
-0.2726854681968689,
0.32456299662590027,
-0.08702866733074188,
0.36781978607177734,
-0.1049167662858963,
-0.3954647183418274,
0.9979107975959778,
-0.19539883732795715,
-0.4223721921443939,
-0.19705013930797577,
0.17297831177711487,
0.742337703704834,
0.6538015604019165,
0.825882613658905,
-0.9294369220733643,
0.5745030045509338,
0.09645882993936539,
-0.3809877336025238,
0.9002289772033691,
-0.10578922182321548,
-0.21549125015735626,
0.4742737412452698,
0.8706122040748596,
-0.2758804261684418,
-0.5989911556243896,
-0.3147902190685272,
0.2464434951543808,
0.19614708423614502,
-0.622828483581543,
-0.4899178445339203,
0.23186159133911133,
-0.3442184031009674,
-0.08464811742305756,
0.16336381435394287,
-0.29094189405441284,
0.06412863731384277,
-0.6234381198883057,
-0.05054603889584541,
0.7549277544021606,
-0.7486281991004944,
-0.10133912414312363,
0.4945153295993805,
-0.48117387294769287,
-0.0030614356510341167,
0.3460226356983185,
-0.1799662709236145,
0.4366988241672516,
-0.06268221884965897,
-0.2649984657764435,
0.2163984775543213,
-0.05332592874765396,
0.17884129285812378,
-0.3189806044101715,
0.6737256050109863,
-0.33714866638183594,
-0.25020045042037964,
0.34615954756736755,
0.007116429042071104,
-0.9429810643196106,
-0.30059751868247986,
0.2671774625778198,
-0.10283681750297546,
-0.49596723914146423,
0.3744874894618988,
0.2812502384185791,
0.6153583526611328,
0.42078885436058044,
0.4990455210208893,
-0.6584824919700623,
-0.05664816498756409,
-0.6910962462425232,
0.6156242489814758,
-0.49105939269065857,
-0.2718486487865448,
0.22631746530532837,
-0.6497345566749573,
0.03638268634676933,
-0.2135208547115326,
-0.32948997616767883,
0.33750811219215393,
0.4859754741191864,
-0.052838392555713654,
-0.17662689089775085,
-0.05644762143492699,
0.10763081163167953,
-0.5305335521697998,
-0.4969647526741028,
0.2311156690120697,
-0.27234846353530884,
0.5862194895744324,
0.24588394165039062,
-0.10038919746875763,
0.2100224494934082,
0.3359040915966034,
-0.07417045533657074,
0.07130631804466248,
-0.3477613627910614,
0.7476955652236938,
-0.5823266506195068,
0.08701395988464355,
-0.06885318458080292,
-0.3168173134326935,
-0.1578456312417984,
0.627417266368866,
0.10395116358995438,
1.2736146450042725,
-0.14745144546031952,
-0.07167157530784607,
0.16258497536182404,
-0.3524307310581207,
0.04351909086108208,
0.606145441532135,
-0.6035699248313904,
0.11144176125526428,
0.2867757976055145,
-0.13147377967834473,
-0.0003069889498874545,
0.10817588865756989,
0.055028147995471954,
-0.29921841621398926,
0.22786037623882294,
-1.0169081687927246,
-0.17349876463413239,
0.6713664531707764,
-0.3540591895580292,
-0.670218288898468,
0.057899586856365204,
-0.26942187547683716,
-0.043269168585538864,
-0.5785386562347412,
0.03399445489048958,
-0.39961737394332886,
-0.060677070170640945,
-0.7768778204917908,
-1.1783040761947632,
0.07531236112117767,
0.6166701912879944,
0.15781933069229126,
-0.010827716439962387,
-0.5539084076881409,
-0.1985826939344406,
0.2737801969051361,
-0.24309270083904266,
-0.06338600069284439,
0.010031415149569511,
-0.8586739301681519,
0.029745955020189285,
-0.18490077555179596,
-0.307149201631546,
-0.4799535572528839,
-0.36779576539993286,
-0.13106150925159454,
-0.10029761493206024,
0.24625572562217712,
-0.28933221101760864,
0.3546496033668518,
-0.45102769136428833,
0.003429437056183815,
0.1680523008108139,
-1.333505630493164,
0.1550472527742386,
0.32300570607185364,
-0.4401033818721771,
-0.1959991753101349,
-0.08478199690580368,
-0.3602297604084015,
0.11996939033269882,
0.8367717862129211,
-0.9729902148246765,
0.07941831648349762,
-0.36921587586402893,
-0.009031119756400585,
-0.2285059541463852,
-0.20877040922641754,
0.405776709318161,
0.2862946093082428,
0.13734681904315948,
0.026367507874965668,
-0.24194177985191345,
-0.5944666266441345,
-0.22687362134456635,
-0.010929440148174763,
-0.22061936557292938,
0.18298202753067017,
0.003001819597557187,
0.31594789028167725,
0.37069326639175415,
0.041802793741226196,
-0.18553438782691956,
0.2814926207065582,
0.4098958373069763,
-0.3918512761592865,
-0.29698446393013,
0.5126301050186157,
-0.2641306519508362,
-0.30902570486068726,
-0.6117768287658691,
0.0995611771941185,
0.12371259182691574,
0.020154479891061783,
0.41553542017936707,
0.36500677466392517,
-1.0269228219985962,
0.014908012934029102,
0.07085694372653961,
-0.7095621228218079,
0.7766306400299072,
0.002496546134352684,
-0.8150064945220947,
0.5721557140350342,
0.265157550573349,
-0.29354557394981384,
-0.0958060622215271,
0.06793627142906189,
-0.006799631752073765,
-0.2086150050163269,
0.057605378329753876,
-0.17670488357543945,
0.27901771664619446,
-0.3040011525154114,
-0.8157702684402466,
-0.9175536036491394,
0.10825894773006439,
0.35070309042930603,
-0.5033292770385742,
0.7190999984741211,
-0.3798583447933197,
-0.15333986282348633,
-0.21519608795642853,
0.28621864318847656,
0.6320644617080688,
-0.416766881942749,
-0.3494761884212494,
-0.630095362663269,
-0.48140934109687805,
0.5853497982025146,
-0.18776114284992218,
0.4658958911895752,
0.5555204749107361,
0.2885943651199341,
-0.6029195785522461,
0.04089438170194626,
0.07970666885375977,
0.7312584519386292,
-0.2603107690811157,
-0.9581363797187805,
0.639518141746521,
0.6058409810066223,
-0.14574973285198212,
-0.9498066306114197,
0.39961448311805725,
1.146415114402771,
-0.26482588052749634,
0.2468518763780594,
0.686822235584259,
-0.04638349264860153,
0.25310152769088745,
0.12636816501617432,
-0.30849018692970276,
-0.314493864774704,
0.17079193890094757,
0.08463884890079498,
-0.8405583500862122,
0.3494102954864502,
-0.1451166719198227,
0.35649412870407104,
-0.6960136890411377,
-0.14927859604358673,
-0.24487225711345673,
0.06781905889511108,
0.3602961301803589,
-0.17718705534934998,
-0.043741241097450256,
0.28415238857269287,
-0.8379245400428772,
0.006786547135561705,
0.809298574924469,
-0.5109446048736572,
-0.6131214499473572,
-0.27396509051322937,
-0.6377585530281067,
-0.33635038137435913,
-0.49496838450431824,
0.21289695799350739,
-0.16457538306713104,
-0.16869501769542694,
-0.32347631454467773,
-0.45513737201690674,
-0.03796667233109474,
0.02922956645488739,
-0.6280391812324524,
0.13317395746707916,
0.18233878910541534,
0.18560659885406494,
0.2992125153541565,
0.8661308884620667,
0.4593079388141632,
-1.8005704879760742,
1.400303602218628,
0.05103972554206848,
-0.49148672819137573,
0.1545637547969818,
-0.3813081383705139,
-0.3808881342411041,
-0.331386923789978,
0.2190583497285843,
0.32145118713378906,
0.24412129819393158,
0.066706083714962,
0.39269453287124634,
0.8355132937431335,
-0.28782543540000916,
0.48097532987594604,
0.34715867042541504,
-0.11898893862962723,
0.29772746562957764,
0.4503735601902008,
-0.0702952966094017,
0.20828063786029816,
0.9497244358062744,
0.4803145229816437,
-0.27345579862594604,
0.7689012289047241,
-0.15890654921531677,
0.5023618340492249,
-0.024705126881599426,
0.12407434731721878,
0.40850451588630676,
-1.1982934474945068,
-0.7000703811645508,
0.09889031201601028,
-0.0697459876537323,
-0.5106090903282166,
-0.4642418622970581,
-0.3768439292907715,
-0.6926279664039612,
0.2120724767446518,
0.09804651886224747,
0.1863480657339096,
0.8959560394287109,
-0.04886370152235031,
-0.17823603749275208,
-0.49495890736579895,
0.4925180673599243,
0.1237570121884346,
-0.26850730180740356,
-1.0248116254806519,
0.44522014260292053,
0.19357265532016754,
0.06493673473596573,
-0.5740826725959778,
-0.09387994557619095,
-0.0330306701362133,
1.0526065826416016,
-0.058591701090335846,
-1.217552900314331,
0.5173488855361938,
-0.12907452881336212,
0.020875927060842514,
0.7754570245742798,
-0.005291699897497892,
-0.32631173729896545,
-0.07145500183105469,
0.8723122477531433,
0.1329134851694107,
-0.43241071701049805,
0.7001697421073914,
0.4192947745323181,
0.1628040373325348,
0.39797264337539673,
0.5969675779342651,
-0.17220093309879303,
-0.09347296506166458,
-0.20906317234039307,
0.1921076476573944,
0.3207348585128784,
-0.11476457864046097,
0.08765114843845367,
-0.35648199915885925,
-0.1837797462940216,
-0.6756920218467712,
0.1136675477027893,
-0.4758223593235016,
-0.18620914220809937,
0.0587850846350193,
-0.04039774462580681,
-0.07911652326583862,
0.09618818759918213,
-0.21409083902835846,
-0.031565017998218536,
0.050545185804367065,
-0.1869400143623352,
-0.006371565628796816,
0.06347345560789108,
0.9362525343894958,
0.46488383412361145,
0.4978577792644501,
0.0540417842566967,
0.29699471592903137,
-0.35303595662117004,
-0.11971452832221985,
-0.27882957458496094,
0.4924600124359131,
-0.6535847783088684,
0.4635351896286011,
-0.7232778668403625,
0.8073906302452087,
0.42298170924186707,
0.776316225528717,
-0.47656190395355225,
0.4051666259765625,
0.18774552643299103,
-0.08438500761985779,
0.49353644251823425,
-0.14090584218502045,
-0.6946442127227783,
-0.12145151197910309,
-0.12089648097753525,
0.18520262837409973,
0.5348034501075745,
0.25811290740966797,
0.09865662455558777,
-0.4763644337654114,
0.5514593720436096,
-0.26772981882095337,
-0.8887190222740173,
0.35700997710227966,
-0.2053184062242508,
-0.7587669491767883,
0.16536016762256622,
-0.056947171688079834,
-0.2732108533382416,
-0.29987767338752747,
-0.20719264447689056,
1.169748306274414,
0.8728637099266052,
-0.4829016923904419,
0.2988148629665375,
-0.00818654429167509,
0.14553123712539673,
-0.04909830540418625,
0.31987157464027405,
0.18662670254707336,
-0.5819106698036194,
-0.8409128189086914,
-0.24583886563777924,
0.772650957107544,
-0.5330464839935303,
-0.49161627888679504,
0.2900415360927582,
-0.3117411732673645,
0.41679537296295166,
-0.3472200334072113,
0.036140426993370056,
-0.3555496633052826,
0.5419618487358093,
-0.16796213388442993
]
|
128366 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pembroke%20College%2C%20Oxford | Pembroke College, Oxford | Pembroke College, a constituent college of the University of Oxford, is located at Pembroke Square, Oxford. The college was founded in 1624 by King James I of England, using in part the endowment of merchant Thomas Tesdale, and was named after William Herbert, 3rd Earl of Pembroke, Lord Chamberlain and then-Chancellor of the University.
Like many Oxford colleges, Pembroke previously accepted men only, admitting its first mixed-sex cohort in 1979. As of 2020, Pembroke had an estimated financial endowment of Β£63Β million. Pembroke College provides almost the full range of study available at Oxford University.
A former Senior President of Tribunals and Lord Justice of Appeal, Sir Ernest Ryder, has held the post of Master of Pembroke since 2020.
History
Foundation and origins
In the early seventeenth century, the endowment of Thomas Tesdale, a merchant from nearby Abingdon, and Richard Wightwick, parish priest of East Ilsley, Berkshire, enabled the conversion of Broadgates Hall, which had been an academic hall for law students, to form the basis of a fully-fledged college. The site of the hall was given to the Priory of St Frideswide by a Richard Segrim in 1254. The letters patent founding the college were signed by King James I in 1624, it being named after William Herbert, 3rd Earl of Pembroke, Lord Chamberlain, Chancellor of the University, and rumoured patron of William Shakespeare.
Coat of arms
Pembroke College's arms were granted on 14 February 1625, being blazoned by the Heralds' College:
"Per pale azure and gules, three lions rampant two and one argent, in a chief party per pale argent and or, in the first a rose gules seeded or barbed vert, in the second a thistle proper".
Co-founders James I and the Earl of Pembroke are both represented in the College's arms: the former, by the union of the crowns as James I of England and James VI of Scotland, is depicted by the rose (of England) and the thistle (of Scotland); the latter, using the three lions rampant and colours from the Pembroke family arms.
Buildings
Old Quad
Following its foundation, the college proceeded to expand around Broadgates, building what is now known as "Old Quad" in the 1600s. Built in stages through the seventeenth century out of the local Cotswold limestone, space restrictions saw the south-side of the Quad built directly on top of the old City Wall.
Chapel Quad
A Chapel was built in 1732, and the introduction of further accommodation in 1846, and the Hall in 1848 to designs by Exeter-based architect John Hayward created "Chapel Quad"βwidely considered one of the most beautiful quads in the University. The Chapel was designed and built by William Townsend, although the interior was dramatically revamped by Charles Kempeβa Pembroke graduateβin 1884. Pembroke alumnus Dr. Damon Wells was a significant benefactor of the college over many years: he enabled the restoration of the Chapel in 1972 and provided ongoing support to the Chaplaincy and History Fellowship. The Chapel which is still used for regular worship bears his name.
North Quad
Further expansion of the College came in the 1960s, after the closure of Beef Lane to the north of Chapel Quad. The private houses north of the closed road were acquired by the college in a piecemeal fashion and reversed so that access was only possible from the rear. The area is now known as "North Quad" and was formally opened in 1962.
Rokos Quad
In April 2013 HRH The Duke of Kent officially opened a new quadrangle named after the lead donor Chris Rokos The new buildings include a 170-seat multi-purpose auditorium, a new cafΓ©, art gallery, and teaching and function rooms. The development is physically joined to the college's existing city-centre site via a new bridge crossing Brewer Street and the original medieval city wall, and 'landing' in the old Fellows' Garden adjacent to Chapel Quad. Having historically been one of the university's dimensionally smaller colleges, following the opening of the new building, undergraduates are now able to live in college premises for all years of study; postgraduates benefit from more rooms, and six flats for those with partners.
Geoffrey Arthur Building
A modern annexe on the banks of the River Isis at Grandpont, provides accommodation for thirty-six graduates and around forty undergraduates of the college. Named the Geoffrey Arthur Building (commonly referred to as "The GAB"), the building is named after the diplomat Sir Geoffrey Arthur, Master of the College (1975β1985).
Admissions
Pembroke offers a broad range of courses, covering most subject areas offered by the university having a strong involvement with Economics, Languages, as well as Management Studies, being the first traditional Oxford college to elect a Fellow in the field. The college maintains a relationship with the SaΓ―d Business School.
In March 2002 two Pembroke fellows resigned after allegations that they had offered a place to the fictional child of an undercover reporter in return for a donation to the college library; a journalist had taped a conversation where he posed as the father of a fictitious son.
Pembroke runs its own access schemes entitled 'Pem-Brooke' and 'Pembroke North' which work with disadvantaged students from London and areas of the North. These schemes provide students with long-term academically intensive programmes, which will give students important skills that will support them with both Oxbridge applications but also Russell Group university applications.
Student life
Junior and Middle Common Rooms
Pembroke is home to a Junior Common Room (undergraduate community) notable for its artistic wealth and sporting prowess. The JCR is the wealthiest in Oxford due to the purchase and sale of a Francis Bacon painting in the early 20th century; it was bought in 1953 for Β£150 and sold for Β£400,000 in 1997. The JCR has used those funds to support a student support scheme and an artistic acquisition programme.
Sport
In 2018, Pembroke became the first college to win two rugby honours in one year, with the women's team winning Cuppers, and the men's team winning the Cuppers Bowl. 2018 also saw Pembroke win Cuppers in mixed netball and futsal.
Pembroke College Boat Club in 2013 held both the Torpids and Summer Eights men's headship, with the women's 1st boat sitting at 4th and 7th places respectively. In 2016, the men held Head of the River in Torpids and 4th in Summer Eights, and the women held 3rd and 2nd for Torpids and Summer Eights respectively. Pembroke Men's 2nd Torpids also bumped five places up to 11th in Division 1βthe first time there have been two men's boats from a single college in over 40 years. Pembroke was the top club in aggregate points across all boats for three years running. In 2003, Pembroke became the first college to win the "Double Headship Trophy" for having both men's and women's Eights head the river. In 2018, the Pembroke Women's 1st boat again achieved the Summer Eights headship.
People associated with Pembroke
Notable people
Samuel Johnson was one of the college's more famous alumni, though he did not complete his degree (he was later awarded an honorary degree by the University); lack of funds forced him to leave Oxford after about a year and a half. Two of his desks and various other possessions are displayed around the college. He spoke fondly of Pembroke to his death, recalling especially the college's many poets, telling friends that βwe were a nest of singing birds.' James Smithson, whose bequest founded the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C. (despite him never having visited the United States) was an undergraduate at Pembroke, under the name "James Lewis Macie"βhe changed his name to that of his natural father after the death of his mother. In addition, Senator J. William Fulbright, who established the Fulbright Program, was a Rhodes Scholar at Pembroke in the 1920s.
Diplomacy
Thomas Randolph, principal of Pembroke's precursor mediaeval hall, Broadgates, served as ambassador for Elizabeth I to Scotland from 1559, where he gained the friendship of Mary, Queen of Scots, until he was accused of supporting the rebellion of James Stuart. In 1568 he was despatched to Moscow to secure trading rights from Ivan IV, also known as Ivan the Terrible, gaining valuable access to Russia for English merchants by the Muscovy Company.
More recently, John, Baron Kerr of Kinlochard, served as HM Ambassador to the United States from 1995 to 1997, before being appointed Head of the British Foreign and Commonwealth Office. Philip Lader served as US Ambassador to the UK from 1997 to 2001. Thus in 1997, both the US Ambassador in London and the UK Ambassador in Washington were former Pembroke students. Peter, Baron Ricketts was Head of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office from 2006 until 2010, before serving as British Ambassador to France for six years until his retirement in 2016.
Additionally, two former chairmen of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee Senator Richard G. Lugar, (Republican), and Senator J. William Fulbright (Democrat), were students of Pembroke, between them chairing the Senate Foreign Relations Committee for a 27-year period.
From Europe, the Prime Minister of Hungary, Viktor OrbΓ‘n and Polish Foreign Minister Radek Sikorski MEP studied at Pembroke, as too did the Sultan Haitham bin Tariq of Oman and King Abdullah II of Jordan.
Infamous people
Andy Orchard, a British academic in Old English, Norse and Celtic literature. He is Rawlinson and Bosworth Professor of Anglo-Saxon at the University of Oxford and a fellow of Pembroke College, Oxford. He was previously Provost of Trinity College, Toronto, from 2007 to 2013. In 2021, claims of sexual harassment and assault by Orchard were publicized, which were alleged at universities where he has worked, including the University of Cambridge, the University of Toronto, and the University of Oxford.
Fellows
J. R. R. Tolkien was a Fellow of Pembroke from 1925 to 1945, and wrote The Hobbit and the first two volumes of The Lord of the Rings during his time there. Since 2013 the college has held an annual lecture on fantasy literature in his honour. Robin G. Collingwood, historian, philosopher, and author of The Idea of History, was a Fellow of the College between the Great War and the Second World War.
Masters
Among the college's more recent Masters were Sir Geoffrey Arthur, former chairman of the Joint Intelligence Committee and Sir Roger Bannister, the first man to run the mile in under four minutes. Sir Ernest Ryder, a former Lord Justice of Appeal, succeeded Dame Lynne Brindley as Master of Pembroke College on 1 July 2020.
References
External links
Pembroke College website
MCR website
JCR Website
1624 establishments in England
Educational institutions established in the 1620s
Colleges of the University of Oxford
Grade I listed buildings in Oxford
Grade I listed educational buildings
Buildings and structures of the University of Oxford | [
-0.2798115909099579,
0.4883019030094147,
0.07466436177492142,
-0.7717004418373108,
0.0719883143901825,
1.0039159059524536,
0.7627866268157959,
1.0785878896713257,
-0.49566927552223206,
-0.5103480219841003,
-0.6862249970436096,
-0.10548875480890274,
0.6483318209648132,
0.17616038024425507,
0.47424012422561646,
-0.39599329233169556,
0.505627453327179,
0.11292610317468643,
0.20086833834648132,
-0.7717916369438171,
-0.03171335160732269,
0.20674529671669006,
-0.5824800133705139,
0.29579827189445496,
-0.15646067261695862,
-0.07251529395580292,
0.719074547290802,
-0.26584431529045105,
-0.13799042999744415,
-0.4687240719795227,
0.5701643228530884,
0.36197853088378906,
0.03760108724236488,
-0.39089950919151306,
0.5404159426689148,
-0.6368590593338013,
0.22750495374202728,
-0.455520361661911,
0.11180198192596436,
0.10651683062314987,
0.11117881536483765,
-0.44158461689949036,
0.292081356048584,
0.263045072555542,
-0.5240970849990845,
-0.6479372382164001,
-1.1827402114868164,
0.19785186648368835,
-1.0401595830917358,
0.45949944853782654,
0.10135860741138458,
0.5592994689941406,
0.6216188669204712,
-0.2431393265724182,
0.4902169108390808,
0.6808422207832336,
-0.650227963924408,
0.010192211717367172,
0.7627406716346741,
0.08581102639436722,
0.2748112082481384,
0.9504725933074951,
-0.3473994731903076,
0.7769671082496643,
-0.42019015550613403,
-0.02375628799200058,
0.35685038566589355,
-0.05989234894514084,
-1.0780004262924194,
-0.10149916261434555,
-0.49254217743873596,
-0.2668312191963196,
-0.16836945712566376,
0.5651634931564331,
-0.563765287399292,
-0.5253738760948181,
0.1702183037996292,
0.34145569801330566,
0.3690844476222992,
-0.07621981203556061,
0.4642941653728485,
0.1229027733206749,
0.6050944924354553,
0.35999271273612976,
0.8361473083496094,
0.6670889258384705,
-0.9185248613357544,
-0.5011411905288696,
-0.36701226234436035,
0.6437632441520691,
-0.416024386882782,
-0.05994042009115219,
0.15411633253097534,
0.27578410506248474,
0.04203994572162628,
-0.09377884864807129,
-0.10375246405601501,
0.272810161113739,
0.43756550550460815,
0.04740438982844353,
-0.46881380677223206,
0.36394384503364563,
0.31002649664878845,
0.0902601107954979,
-0.761099636554718,
0.11639172583818436,
-1.1647372245788574,
-0.9220550656318665,
-0.06621566414833069,
0.20181477069854736,
-0.8198339939117432,
0.2745734751224518,
-0.5465337634086609,
0.17049512267112732,
-0.49261584877967834,
0.037867188453674316,
0.13905948400497437,
-0.5634809136390686,
-0.6410810351371765,
0.06495549529790878,
-0.3990687131881714,
0.5986319184303284,
-0.07524174451828003,
0.4822784960269928,
-0.13919833302497864,
0.2185129076242447,
0.2862822711467743,
0.33100491762161255,
-0.4067862033843994,
-0.27312833070755005,
0.4367542862892151,
0.8417413830757141,
-0.24920198321342468,
-0.190749853849411,
-0.0135616734623909,
0.08076617866754532,
-0.11376204341650009,
-0.1375339776277542,
0.45340368151664734,
0.41331854462623596,
-0.6486753821372986,
-0.6158244609832764,
-0.5285875797271729,
-0.0009758495143614709,
0.40665891766548157,
-0.31332966685295105,
-0.28674134612083435,
-0.10188734531402588,
-0.2912343144416809,
-0.1730392873287201,
0.5373462438583374,
0.194815531373024,
-0.4565199315547943,
-0.2973746061325073,
-0.036283332854509354,
0.20805364847183228,
0.16301438212394714,
0.32566678524017334,
0.2869339883327484,
0.16432300209999084,
-0.38264819979667664,
-0.360478013753891,
0.47325003147125244,
-0.06753810495138168,
-0.1062869280576706,
0.20962463319301605,
0.6371433734893799,
-0.4811983108520508,
-0.5298987627029419,
0.37033912539482117,
-0.8827623128890991,
-0.08923669159412384,
0.8373710513114929,
-0.2689913213253021,
0.004359428770840168,
-0.5068594217300415,
0.7138357758522034,
0.06573787331581116,
0.5254027247428894,
-0.23737230896949768,
-0.5945822596549988,
-0.18218819797039032,
0.2123069167137146,
0.325190931558609,
0.030845340341329575,
-0.2007920742034912,
-0.2576175630092621,
0.02059120498597622,
-0.4466587007045746,
0.11490081995725632,
-0.604343831539154,
-0.22899369895458221,
0.1215042769908905,
-0.15600603818893433,
1.004316806793213,
-0.09041552990674973,
-0.851279079914093,
0.9343907833099365,
-0.5638449192047119,
0.9954531192779541,
-0.4178706705570221,
-0.11405061930418015,
-0.16986919939517975,
-0.41349440813064575,
-0.10322423279285431,
0.009626654908061028,
0.4353175461292267,
-0.04805799573659897,
0.5406725406646729,
0.42258039116859436,
-0.023613063618540764,
-0.46147358417510986,
-0.055524494498968124,
0.40562304854393005,
0.04290500283241272,
-0.34191298484802246,
-0.07543043792247772,
-0.48821479082107544,
0.03460926190018654,
-0.6695466041564941,
0.9727253317832947,
-0.4793286621570587,
0.6440909504890442,
0.39598843455314636,
-0.29049697518348694,
0.13392274081707,
0.06520461291074753,
0.39331912994384766,
0.229350283741951,
-0.27588894963264465,
0.47795364260673523,
0.041209444403648376,
-0.09705349802970886,
-0.1868969202041626,
-0.025635750964283943,
-0.4808390438556671,
-0.3740207552909851,
-0.6164766550064087,
0.7789080142974854,
-0.035873036831617355,
0.0877884179353714,
-0.6229484677314758,
-0.8947808742523193,
0.4141620099544525,
0.34535670280456543,
-0.19061066210269928,
-0.023032551631331444,
0.4270314574241638,
-0.27087289094924927,
-0.34248068928718567,
0.4504525363445282,
-0.3444828391075134,
0.3822832703590393,
0.06927555054426193,
0.0071136606857180595,
-0.1469617336988449,
-0.025181617587804794,
0.21128973364830017,
0.46991777420043945,
0.19851097464561462,
-0.6023662686347961,
0.14895978569984436,
0.596495509147644,
0.37087857723236084,
-0.4695167541503906,
-0.4979935586452484,
-0.2401479035615921,
-0.782714307308197,
0.03518979996442795,
0.1476803421974182,
0.42434459924697876,
-0.5996045470237732,
-0.3219071924686432,
0.10208046436309814,
-0.44488224387168884,
0.3238540589809418,
-0.030920976772904396,
-0.22643394768238068,
-0.8312559127807617,
0.10498768836259842,
0.579846203327179,
0.13092736899852753,
-0.2618020176887512,
-0.28813016414642334,
-0.11565341800451279,
0.3635568916797638,
0.10802751034498215,
-0.4259779155254364,
-0.4719976484775543,
0.14133583009243011,
-0.2578451633453369,
0.7394258379936218,
-0.12053713202476501,
0.3458091914653778,
0.32948780059814453,
0.3991386890411377,
0.007729109842330217,
-0.5545004606246948,
-0.04439395293593407,
-0.3006216287612915,
0.28984788060188293,
1.0800902843475342,
0.10968136042356491,
0.5024026036262512,
0.6526068449020386,
-0.4112592041492462,
-0.34798505902290344,
0.2531394064426422,
-5.37586784362793,
0.19091235101222992,
-0.5802608132362366,
0.11321426928043365,
0.6152149438858032,
-0.5540948510169983,
0.34539008140563965,
-0.6144564151763916,
-0.38530945777893066,
-0.591742217540741,
-0.33965325355529785,
-0.14553964138031006,
-0.03976055607199669,
0.5230246186256409,
0.29993459582328796,
0.9300806522369385,
0.6472625732421875,
-0.14619676768779755,
0.03381209075450897,
0.7729662656784058,
-0.335417240858078,
0.1404605209827423,
-0.16453805565834045,
0.22809651494026184,
0.2502463161945343,
0.32837507128715515,
-0.23275049030780792,
-0.04839066043496132,
-0.615754246711731,
-0.6043411493301392,
0.09645949304103851,
-0.37429413199424744,
0.1980327069759369,
-0.5324753522872925,
-0.25642016530036926,
0.34397652745246887,
0.2892729640007019,
0.21107865869998932,
0.04703454673290253,
-0.2062736451625824,
0.7664734721183777,
0.24712546169757843,
0.04789496585726738,
-0.12333768606185913,
0.8529686331748962,
-0.4502662718296051,
-0.634811520576477,
0.3027917742729187,
-0.20645643770694733,
0.16202951967716217,
-0.5502799153327942,
0.72170490026474,
0.07421412318944931,
0.5808365941047668,
-0.4545336961746216,
-0.39477184414863586,
0.0187337938696146,
-0.3527663052082062,
-0.14490866661071777,
0.04000282287597656,
0.3247077465057373,
-0.8610746264457703,
0.15649209916591644,
-0.3344776928424835,
-0.36969247460365295,
-0.5141749382019043,
-0.30646294355392456,
0.47191014885902405,
0.2603810429573059,
0.2616668939590454,
0.23142316937446594,
-0.18114185333251953,
0.034168876707553864,
-0.6934541463851929,
-0.2208719700574875,
-0.45400863885879517,
-0.37519192695617676,
-0.2914637327194214,
-0.010481671430170536,
0.24274080991744995,
-0.08899449557065964,
0.06172990798950195,
-0.582639217376709,
0.46628522872924805,
0.02862301841378212,
-1.0211509466171265,
-0.5099220871925354,
0.3517847955226898,
-1.0366742610931396,
-0.41422706842422485,
0.10137134790420532,
-0.05963096395134926,
-0.07310733199119568,
0.41085758805274963,
0.45695796608924866,
-0.013134646229445934,
0.048535507172346115,
0.6850536465644836,
0.3826856017112732,
0.004606571514159441,
0.3128519654273987,
-0.6790456175804138,
0.34800976514816284,
-0.13695015013217926,
-0.0296489205211401,
-0.020607976242899895,
0.055277884006500244,
0.2826607823371887,
0.747412919998169,
0.05066161975264549,
0.1887572705745697,
-0.5296216011047363,
-0.4844217300415039,
-0.013983276672661304,
-0.20367681980133057,
-0.3000601828098297,
-0.23945245146751404,
0.3647921681404114,
-0.4437360167503357,
0.1918046921491623,
-0.16156195104122162,
0.12617406249046326,
0.262555867433548,
-0.46007239818573,
-0.40148505568504333,
-0.48700597882270813,
0.30228686332702637,
-0.23591476678848267,
-0.32338425517082214,
-0.2360849827528,
0.197441965341568,
0.2150813788175583,
0.028247594833374023,
0.36800482869148254,
-0.412179172039032,
-0.25827446579933167,
-0.6238807439804077,
-0.049892377108335495,
0.34069323539733887,
0.49016687273979187,
0.13893908262252808,
-0.029783347621560097,
0.2691987156867981,
0.002689461689442396,
0.5135431289672852,
0.8342037796974182,
-0.05036574602127075,
0.2779984772205353,
-0.9868276119232178,
0.5699856877326965,
-0.43669945001602173,
-0.243532195687294,
0.09468326717615128,
0.10847365856170654,
-0.03465314581990242,
-0.04481029137969017,
-0.4156533181667328,
0.6978921294212341,
-0.14813657104969025,
0.005325782112777233,
0.036936044692993164,
-0.3078862130641937,
-0.28287869691848755,
-0.27424079179763794,
0.4036988914012909,
0.24442870914936066,
-0.20613738894462585,
-0.10685663670301437,
-0.8201616406440735,
0.31088247895240784,
0.13673610985279083,
-0.008943636901676655,
-0.8242032527923584,
0.03670746088027954,
0.5703033804893494,
0.08523156493902206,
-0.09915747493505478,
0.20311224460601807,
-0.3019113540649414,
0.16395092010498047,
0.07389716804027557,
-0.39915406703948975,
0.16500458121299744,
0.05290817469358444,
0.8243775367736816,
-0.3547441065311432,
-0.3658851981163025,
-0.34222784638404846,
0.38125109672546387,
-0.5987055897712708,
0.160239577293396,
-0.23179486393928528,
0.28917428851127625,
0.23208719491958618,
-0.28518974781036377,
-0.58392733335495,
0.29148241877555847,
0.09412557631731033,
-0.6784519553184509,
-0.19255216419696808,
-0.23612457513809204,
0.8116194605827332,
-0.7472761869430542,
0.8896329998970032,
0.1684253066778183,
-0.5894286036491394,
0.32974982261657715,
-0.22120057046413422,
0.16663852334022522,
0.6797358393669128,
-0.586689829826355,
-0.8533506393432617,
0.4285294711589813,
0.6359151601791382,
-0.9645865559577942,
0.061699025332927704,
-0.16489703953266144,
-0.3143218457698822,
-0.6304680109024048,
-0.08237718045711517,
0.03843001648783684,
-0.385488361120224,
-0.33689266443252563,
-0.15309825539588928,
-0.7877616286277771,
0.7022414207458496,
0.3556097745895386,
-0.5868130326271057,
0.6233912110328674,
-0.1826273649930954,
0.20019195973873138,
0.2446071356534958,
0.045737482607364655,
0.31398293375968933,
0.7312297821044922,
-0.3400276303291321,
0.2830947935581207,
-0.08294906467199326,
-0.2615090012550354,
0.5689750909805298,
0.3928588628768921,
0.8648862838745117,
0.038012340664863586,
-0.6251465082168579,
-0.5015002489089966,
0.2983468770980835,
0.33395034074783325,
0.309795618057251,
-0.9403097629547119,
0.24384714663028717,
0.41672050952911377,
-0.5759477615356445,
-0.2225283980369568,
-0.11470822989940643,
0.35675525665283203,
-0.3404310643672943,
0.1954595148563385,
0.2439446598291397,
-0.3077147603034973,
-0.06698495149612427,
0.5627260208129883,
0.12271972000598907,
-0.5423900485038757,
0.3367164134979248,
-0.11442644894123077,
-0.04783366993069649,
-0.4551873207092285,
-0.5140220522880554,
0.30538415908813477,
-0.2459900677204132,
0.36232128739356995,
-0.34578609466552734,
-0.16509220004081726,
0.462337464094162,
-0.026518067345023155,
0.3342178761959076,
-0.29174908995628357,
-0.8262115120887756,
0.6525261998176575,
-0.4772116243839264,
-0.6112352013587952,
0.7012457251548767,
0.24226731061935425,
-0.44540631771087646,
0.5499184131622314,
-0.6378903388977051,
0.026235239580273628,
0.2729269564151764,
0.022314472123980522,
0.5644235014915466,
0.07015367597341537,
-0.6459510922431946,
0.07513300329446793,
0.33658286929130554,
0.12936127185821533,
0.18982245028018951,
0.4985197186470032,
-0.05143499746918678,
0.5151118636131287,
-0.04352209344506264,
-0.7709603905677795,
0.8721266388893127,
0.4282631278038025,
0.30306535959243774,
0.2132253646850586,
-0.051310308277606964,
-0.5024514198303223,
-0.2529902756214142,
-0.15346558392047882,
-0.13159848749637604,
0.42080914974212646,
-0.30505606532096863,
0.46748337149620056,
0.40490707755088806,
-0.4680961072444916,
-0.05203184112906456,
0.5393868088722229,
-0.8737858533859253,
0.14331640303134918,
0.5361465215682983,
-0.28583621978759766,
0.52143394947052,
0.17176878452301025,
-0.005336386617273092,
-0.15301060676574707,
0.804122805595398,
-0.5798584222793579,
-0.4237479865550995,
0.24090251326560974,
0.18356943130493164,
-0.033382318913936615,
-0.41898828744888306,
-0.3783930838108063,
0.8739061951637268,
-0.42717278003692627,
-0.35026443004608154,
0.03257814049720764,
-0.9970576167106628,
-0.39335572719573975,
0.172150656580925,
1.1411488056182861,
0.5982850790023804,
-0.622624397277832,
0.25802844762802124,
-0.6192711591720581,
0.07388228178024292,
-0.026478486135601997,
0.6305543184280396,
-0.35211098194122314,
0.18099693953990936,
0.011980010196566582,
-0.07601932436227798,
0.552070140838623,
-0.0766267478466034,
-0.1462540626525879,
0.3499699831008911,
-0.2844260632991791,
-0.32711952924728394,
-0.6991806626319885,
0.09500321000814438,
-0.06925851851701736,
0.7791463136672974,
0.5073546767234802,
-0.2939092814922333,
0.029512425884604454,
0.10367371141910553,
0.7701862454414368,
-0.21232236921787262,
0.3220103085041046,
0.47436782717704773,
0.04967547580599785,
0.7603901624679565,
0.3876638114452362,
-0.7341538071632385,
0.13559292256832123,
0.13821785151958466,
-0.17244984209537506,
0.3263539671897888,
0.2868945300579071,
-0.7378143668174744,
-0.137803852558136,
-0.4387958347797394,
-0.03551368787884712,
-0.1303820013999939,
0.04499829560518265,
-0.7177118062973022,
-0.4321344196796417,
0.5695910453796387,
-0.7766786813735962,
-0.1035236045718193,
-0.03938336297869682,
-0.4463285207748413,
-0.05635318532586098,
-0.030455095693469048,
-0.7795150876045227,
-0.3739088475704193,
0.06285326927900314,
0.7821596264839172,
0.37371525168418884,
-0.06686601042747498,
-0.11718050390481949,
-0.1999775469303131,
-0.3875040113925934,
0.05700810253620148,
-0.31077197194099426,
0.38364580273628235,
-0.41231071949005127,
-0.02463642880320549,
-0.6730162501335144,
-0.05251026526093483,
0.2601306736469269,
0.387592077255249,
-0.1206030547618866,
0.7055169939994812,
-0.09815187752246857,
1.2216535806655884,
0.8125543594360352,
0.19142204523086548,
-0.34653687477111816,
0.3144621253013611,
-0.1064753383398056,
0.3839768171310425,
-0.009738548658788204,
0.7234488725662231,
0.25810515880584717,
0.029779337346553802,
0.026736274361610413,
0.5680757164955139,
-0.2546747028827667,
0.4271129071712494,
0.07325215637683868,
0.17086218297481537,
-0.32962924242019653,
0.52508145570755,
-0.4902447760105133,
0.33168163895606995,
0.7039605975151062,
1.287905216217041,
0.1705186665058136,
-0.2635989487171173,
-0.855000913143158,
-0.31091421842575073,
0.5499956011772156,
0.2274675965309143,
-0.27060410380363464,
-0.21777686476707458,
-0.17797917127609253,
-0.5486346483230591,
-0.38546279072761536,
0.3540278673171997,
0.7264769077301025,
-0.327238529920578,
0.5386549234390259,
-0.09016699343919754,
0.020236065611243248,
-0.02702789008617401,
0.021684231236577034,
-0.6740528345108032,
0.18921399116516113,
0.3899363577365875
]
|
128367 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fairplains%2C%20North%20Carolina | Fairplains, North Carolina | Fairplains is a census-designated place (CDP) in Wilkes County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 2,051 at the 2000 census. The community was named "fairplains" because it was located at the geographic point where the foothills of the Blue Ridge Mountains begin to level off to the gently rolling Piedmont region of central North Carolina.
Geography
Fairplains is located at (36.191067, -81.153929).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , all of it land.
Demographics
2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 2,029 people, 974 households, and 511 families residing in the CDP.
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,051 people, 886 households, and 608 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 482.1 people per square mile (186.3/km2). There were 974 housing units at an average density of 228.9 per square mile (88.5/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 80.16% White, 14.97% African American, 0.10% Native American, 0.29% Asian, 3.66% from other races, and 0.83% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.92% of the population.
There were 886 households, out of which 26.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.7% were married couples living together, 10.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.3% were non-families. 27.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.31 and the average family size was 2.80.
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 20.1% under the age of 18, 8.3% from 18 to 24, 28.8% from 25 to 44, 25.5% from 45 to 64, and 17.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.4 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $28,563, and the median income for a family was $31,466. Males had a median income of $26,103 versus $21,295 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $14,972. About 13.5% of families and 18.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 23.7% of those under age 18 and 25.1% of those age 65 or over.
References
Census-designated places in North Carolina
Census-designated places in Wilkes County, North Carolina | [
-0.5447362065315247,
-0.05865884944796562,
0.6139188408851624,
0.22275081276893616,
0.6782735586166382,
-0.17972567677497864,
0.31734517216682434,
0.44195106625556946,
-0.852805495262146,
-0.5060457587242126,
-0.2242758870124817,
0.2952951490879059,
-0.4626311957836151,
0.7218530774116516,
-0.6970644593238831,
1.071805477142334,
-0.11254128068685532,
0.4911049008369446,
0.3292955756187439,
-0.8047226667404175,
-0.11208182573318481,
-0.7362452149391174,
0.4525071978569031,
0.27904272079467773,
0.20307840406894684,
0.027681123465299606,
0.3721306025981903,
0.16033835709095,
0.09668039530515671,
0.5095127820968628,
-0.12680165469646454,
0.601248562335968,
-0.17190046608448029,
0.15436868369579315,
0.26838457584381104,
0.013188976794481277,
0.43065398931503296,
0.21861077845096588,
-0.14077825844287872,
-0.47361084818840027,
-0.3872017562389374,
0.06512285768985748,
-0.2438853234052658,
0.30551669001579285,
0.5620924234390259,
-0.1922440528869629,
-1.1125704050064087,
0.3607698380947113,
-1.0114643573760986,
-0.7798364758491516,
-0.8584096431732178,
0.7085939049720764,
-0.14307495951652527,
0.5459537506103516,
0.5453552007675171,
0.20211336016654968,
-0.5096184611320496,
0.12868289649486542,
1.024469256401062,
0.12025321274995804,
-0.4147147834300995,
0.8192572593688965,
0.03371937945485115,
0.4612199068069458,
0.04872003197669983,
-0.027552559971809387,
-0.260387659072876,
0.6326568722724915,
0.22207936644554138,
-0.2611059546470642,
0.028871506452560425,
-0.08133281767368317,
0.2305770069360733,
0.24547326564788818,
0.2595440447330475,
0.5708245038986206,
0.015844270586967468,
-0.4931141138076782,
0.27032387256622314,
0.37501275539398193,
0.20545269548892975,
-0.4275265336036682,
0.6734493970870972,
0.09858791530132294,
0.4487556517124176,
0.41759970784187317,
-0.7034826278686523,
0.4083571434020996,
-0.15971723198890686,
0.5042328238487244,
-0.3573048710823059,
0.3363434076309204,
-0.0012850082712247968,
-0.017158767208456993,
0.07981490343809128,
0.008508941158652306,
-0.09580878913402557,
0.10524266958236694,
0.026761503890156746,
0.6693027019500732,
-0.5269822478294373,
0.6361616253852844,
0.39025312662124634,
-0.2548871636390686,
-0.7745383977890015,
-0.25595778226852417,
-0.7606879472732544,
-0.5020439028739929,
0.34424012899398804,
-0.02188897132873535,
-0.5871178507804871,
0.5940333008766174,
-0.11879385262727737,
-0.33936434984207153,
-0.17197735607624054,
0.6749526858329773,
0.3362480103969574,
-0.36308345198631287,
0.2626994252204895,
0.17808668315410614,
0.5118896961212158,
0.5418896079063416,
-0.19262130558490753,
-0.021642975509166718,
-0.24455080926418304,
0.2754286229610443,
0.4066256880760193,
0.28816643357276917,
0.3649536967277527,
0.6478123068809509,
-0.16120018064975739,
0.3821743428707123,
-0.18937081098556519,
0.44670212268829346,
0.1500535011291504,
-0.6546556949615479,
0.3771335780620575,
0.33313125371932983,
0.7725805640220642,
0.1646556407213211,
-0.9357399344444275,
-0.4264616072177887,
-0.4453004002571106,
-0.5520567893981934,
-0.12487219274044037,
-0.3065105676651001,
-0.12989282608032227,
-0.044968098402023315,
-0.03589022159576416,
0.3857314884662628,
0.46957701444625854,
0.5101556181907654,
0.4508470296859741,
-0.14343780279159546,
-0.09461163729429245,
0.18047931790351868,
0.5087394714355469,
0.21298062801361084,
0.08205399662256241,
0.32082727551460266,
-0.24013642966747284,
0.7880628705024719,
0.6305403709411621,
0.11274075508117676,
0.6671313643455505,
0.34395959973335266,
0.5314077734947205,
-0.4709136188030243,
0.0049867453053593636,
0.5265251398086548,
-0.5008499026298523,
0.2419099509716034,
0.4138765037059784,
-0.6190903186798096,
0.3081037998199463,
-0.28875675797462463,
0.6682974100112915,
0.17550285160541534,
0.49858298897743225,
-0.11573566496372223,
-0.6410566568374634,
0.03131036460399628,
0.7328546047210693,
-0.12133977562189102,
-0.10812919586896896,
0.2607557773590088,
0.25444427132606506,
-0.1369972974061966,
-0.4238850474357605,
-0.3967065215110779,
0.07744787633419037,
-0.39859792590141296,
0.6921366453170776,
-0.39407315850257874,
0.6467442512512207,
0.5269654989242554,
-0.10324214398860931,
0.5429370403289795,
-0.5642697215080261,
0.3851138949394226,
0.36818599700927734,
-0.5897497534751892,
0.6985300183296204,
-0.16049419343471527,
-0.4758068025112152,
0.18583014607429504,
0.08364176005125046,
0.12127292901277542,
-0.19324076175689697,
0.21075750887393951,
-0.30291828513145447,
-0.9985727071762085,
0.08086562156677246,
0.6335195302963257,
-0.11535713821649551,
-0.7302771806716919,
0.06625258177518845,
0.20889048278331757,
0.7040945291519165,
-0.858819842338562,
0.6089702844619751,
-0.07380922883749008,
0.1665983647108078,
-0.07145091146230698,
-0.3893471658229828,
0.5987684726715088,
-0.12796472012996674,
0.447194367647171,
-0.1439821869134903,
-0.16593487560749054,
0.074468694627285,
0.47161930799484253,
0.1971772313117981,
-0.8428749442100525,
0.33192282915115356,
-0.01922602392733097,
0.2975383400917053,
-0.8240909576416016,
0.4187760651111603,
-0.22416098415851593,
-0.39930638670921326,
0.4936712384223938,
-0.9273402690887451,
0.1730419397354126,
0.17376898229122162,
-0.09578552097082138,
-0.3068358898162842,
0.12835261225700378,
0.30631548166275024,
-0.622428297996521,
0.025581208989024162,
0.12912316620349884,
0.36848628520965576,
0.03417746722698212,
-0.27773576974868774,
0.47872671484947205,
-0.29722797870635986,
0.3190164864063263,
0.2572060525417328,
-0.008157060481607914,
-0.3667964041233063,
0.3889531195163727,
-0.7051330208778381,
-0.0015414503868669271,
-0.11809983849525452,
-0.658625602722168,
-0.025856247171759605,
-0.3439869284629822,
0.11295024305582047,
0.6132603883743286,
0.20645496249198914,
-0.5094549655914307,
0.02391771972179413,
-0.29509538412094116,
0.28711745142936707,
0.2133483588695526,
0.14618843793869019,
-0.09539240598678589,
-0.7482525706291199,
-0.1334894597530365,
0.2576421797275543,
0.5943908095359802,
0.19301338493824005,
-0.2387009710073471,
0.15081754326820374,
-0.6790874004364014,
0.8475672006607056,
-0.25308796763420105,
-0.6227448582649231,
-0.07241332530975342,
-0.4327983260154724,
0.20112286508083344,
-0.26530423760414124,
1.1359869241714478,
-0.08820649236440659,
0.21367652714252472,
-0.4405073821544647,
-0.07531267404556274,
0.49225977063179016,
0.0038632869254797697,
-0.6390638947486877,
0.5008285641670227,
-0.2422095537185669,
-0.0859074667096138,
-0.11944979429244995,
-0.22492952644824982,
-0.2600196301937103,
-0.40195345878601074,
-5.096603870391846,
0.479348748922348,
-0.6893725991249084,
-0.20022419095039368,
-0.23897311091423035,
-0.23125123977661133,
0.5128778219223022,
0.09311284124851227,
-0.12457063794136047,
0.9003986716270447,
0.0790553167462349,
-0.5495091080665588,
-0.161062091588974,
0.31603118777275085,
0.938896656036377,
0.7762949466705322,
0.8911635875701904,
-0.3852103352546692,
0.5869468450546265,
-0.24477429687976837,
-0.25364166498184204,
0.2694181203842163,
-0.2860473096370697,
-0.3024693429470062,
0.570776641368866,
0.9057583212852478,
-0.18686248362064362,
-0.7556576132774353,
-0.7681742906570435,
-0.03751232847571373,
0.40066131949424744,
-0.22717294096946716,
-0.37077662348747253,
-0.2033137083053589,
0.3025992810726166,
-0.32475265860557556,
-0.28962600231170654,
-0.43855294585227966,
-0.1070750430226326,
-0.6259967088699341,
0.3429133892059326,
0.5703101754188538,
-0.7200681567192078,
-0.19877181947231293,
0.8755984902381897,
-0.6688666939735413,
-0.16107851266860962,
0.11761081218719482,
0.17876499891281128,
0.5119805932044983,
0.21950474381446838,
-0.23954103887081146,
0.4948599636554718,
0.02731710486114025,
-0.007507865782827139,
0.013580486178398132,
1.1022156476974487,
-0.5564578175544739,
-0.8892990946769714,
0.39956411719322205,
0.38347870111465454,
-0.5989883542060852,
-0.005533640738576651,
-0.03888383135199547,
-0.14480113983154297,
-0.3723321259021759,
-0.08443816006183624,
0.0847717672586441,
0.3711666464805603,
0.13994941115379333,
0.11734331399202347,
0.2858971059322357,
0.12623438239097595,
-0.59974604845047,
0.3051670789718628,
-0.3239939510822296,
-0.7340079545974731,
-0.05588780343532562,
-0.09440002590417862,
-0.5222745537757874,
-0.1774502545595169,
0.39950358867645264,
0.4686685800552368,
0.8224719166755676,
0.06112685799598694,
-0.3954985737800598,
0.035352714359760284,
0.06776036322116852,
-0.5987623333930969,
-0.4414190351963043,
0.5388106107711792,
-0.13348326086997986,
0.6984769105911255,
-0.2974018156528473,
-0.131842702627182,
0.2352827489376068,
0.5625740885734558,
0.12153596431016922,
-0.18159133195877075,
-0.5004215240478516,
0.9099249839782715,
-0.4081741273403168,
0.39892250299453735,
-0.19325414299964905,
-0.4126051962375641,
-0.14256882667541504,
0.5729143619537354,
0.0681614801287651,
0.8356955051422119,
-0.6807041168212891,
-0.29352447390556335,
-0.22075870633125305,
-0.08717457205057144,
-0.23020613193511963,
0.17533768713474274,
-0.5238965749740601,
-0.06470943242311478,
0.8320314884185791,
0.36541786789894104,
-0.28401440382003784,
0.32631221413612366,
0.3729645609855652,
-0.13563407957553864,
0.11106739938259125,
-0.8310866355895996,
-0.1682347059249878,
0.9758393168449402,
0.025721095502376556,
-0.7468791007995605,
0.5554561614990234,
-0.1323692500591278,
-0.1762751191854477,
-0.7027440071105957,
-0.7654561996459961,
-0.4204634428024292,
-0.02582446299493313,
-0.5111161470413208,
-0.7536703944206238,
0.24604718387126923,
0.6829233169555664,
0.35981088876724243,
0.00869828648865223,
-0.4587079584598541,
0.2410096973180771,
-0.0869627520442009,
-0.21704624593257904,
0.695285975933075,
0.254650741815567,
-0.8319723010063171,
0.2807016968727112,
0.040450043976306915,
-0.38543662428855896,
-0.6680113077163696,
-0.8429819941520691,
-0.15410661697387695,
-0.43167683482170105,
0.5650660395622253,
0.039559099823236465,
0.32217007875442505,
-0.5457019209861755,
0.07033948600292206,
-0.0579351969063282,
-1.167028546333313,
0.5143226385116577,
-0.03673858940601349,
-0.3102460503578186,
-0.5194458961486816,
-0.042775534093379974,
-0.4830382168292999,
0.13587424159049988,
0.6247491240501404,
-0.8961949348449707,
-0.011425990611314774,
-0.4572957754135132,
0.09815698117017746,
-0.32380998134613037,
-0.00755316112190485,
0.051728617399930954,
0.006812879350036383,
-0.0531950443983078,
-0.2935563623905182,
-0.37411341071128845,
-0.8309824466705322,
-0.22742414474487305,
0.05511735379695892,
-0.5281150341033936,
-0.16113319993019104,
-0.013881731778383255,
0.1918509602546692,
0.17172755300998688,
0.1944735050201416,
-0.6551762819290161,
-0.038100797683000565,
0.05966053903102875,
-0.1271735578775406,
-0.38879814743995667,
0.27857905626296997,
-0.14864706993103027,
-0.5786586999893188,
-0.7524752020835876,
-0.18190482258796692,
0.8451108336448669,
-0.3916366994380951,
0.6471270322799683,
-0.039536841213703156,
-0.6032463312149048,
0.33240339159965515,
0.29092079401016235,
-0.6960564255714417,
1.0266419649124146,
-0.5911545157432556,
-0.4834386110305786,
0.9523725509643555,
0.2551674246788025,
-0.724391520023346,
-0.05076509341597557,
0.13482452929019928,
-0.17278523743152618,
-0.42028331756591797,
0.12969940900802612,
-0.40062516927719116,
0.06624412536621094,
-0.16148263216018677,
-0.8453920483589172,
-0.7772964835166931,
0.7639886140823364,
0.6717721819877625,
-0.7007924914360046,
0.9378730058670044,
-0.5288942456245422,
0.04095574468374252,
-0.03296089917421341,
0.4831816554069519,
0.18207722902297974,
-0.10630320757627487,
-0.07630854099988937,
-0.28672218322753906,
-0.2535904049873352,
0.5632901191711426,
0.08230854570865631,
0.5494243502616882,
0.2228500097990036,
-0.10957217961549759,
-0.7016185522079468,
-0.06402111798524857,
0.17765018343925476,
0.6594459414482117,
-0.20707888901233673,
-0.746369481086731,
0.39720526337623596,
0.693225622177124,
-0.5308369398117065,
-0.9503583312034607,
-0.1733730137348175,
1.0549771785736084,
-0.20024555921554565,
0.11304403096437454,
0.535568356513977,
0.10269103944301605,
0.03463743254542351,
0.3937823474407196,
-0.06985636800527573,
0.24633312225341797,
0.03763127326965332,
0.40482816100120544,
-0.629016637802124,
0.0799810141324997,
-0.38604164123535156,
0.4998759925365448,
-0.27183789014816284,
0.08895555883646011,
0.08407856523990631,
0.44466763734817505,
0.6417698264122009,
-0.6415588855743408,
-0.05614183470606804,
0.0174489077180624,
-1.106160044670105,
0.6256915926933289,
-0.13070400059223175,
-0.6089799404144287,
-0.5514745712280273,
0.04148905351758003,
-0.2112334966659546,
-0.030151797458529472,
-0.8679988384246826,
-0.3105393648147583,
0.08237259835004807,
-0.673906147480011,
0.13366711139678955,
0.017263488844037056,
0.052153248339891434,
-0.22226543724536896,
-1.0881452560424805,
-0.34405696392059326,
0.3559568524360657,
0.22669248282909393,
0.3014450967311859,
-0.14336715638637543,
0.08002226054668427,
-1.6240589618682861,
0.9248232841491699,
-0.6613349318504333,
-1.146540880203247,
0.5621582269668579,
-0.3242686688899994,
0.03121505305171013,
-0.7866595387458801,
0.2964839041233063,
-0.10203386098146439,
-0.1027776300907135,
-0.06560560315847397,
0.6861354112625122,
0.8541151285171509,
-0.15573352575302124,
0.3746635317802429,
0.519304633140564,
-0.6183779835700989,
0.02442484349012375,
0.4628980755805969,
-0.19087636470794678,
0.7782381176948547,
0.6510995626449585,
0.7671515941619873,
0.16714318096637726,
1.2671517133712769,
0.048894453793764114,
0.05985397845506668,
-0.15403036773204803,
0.2853611409664154,
0.17740373313426971,
-0.8361451625823975,
-0.9091805815696716,
0.3980898857116699,
-0.4064442813396454,
-0.060103099793195724,
-0.43020719289779663,
-0.6417720913887024,
-0.8407658338546753,
0.3914656639099121,
-0.16739025712013245,
0.16536656022071838,
0.813974142074585,
-0.5259904265403748,
-0.5109872221946716,
-0.3108446002006531,
-0.27947068214416504,
0.3063436448574066,
0.3597315549850464,
-0.7876638174057007,
0.28195619583129883,
-0.33911094069480896,
-0.23003987967967987,
-0.7670431733131409,
-0.8103716373443604,
0.04074844717979431,
0.35762420296669006,
-0.5452101826667786,
-1.322925329208374,
0.18385109305381775,
-0.24514369666576385,
-0.4189545214176178,
0.5005745887756348,
0.14578908681869507,
0.04425039142370224,
-0.03107701614499092,
0.740167498588562,
0.14079158008098602,
-0.44751936197280884,
0.9282621741294861,
0.3142092823982239,
0.31311601400375366,
0.49044865369796753,
0.622012734413147,
-0.10782167315483093,
0.09282661974430084,
-0.08515316247940063,
0.6675395965576172,
0.32178401947021484,
-0.12059389054775238,
-0.08414700627326965,
-0.2642119526863098,
-0.2596079111099243,
-0.7868993878364563,
0.416032999753952,
-0.3565658926963806,
-0.45114055275917053,
-0.25601494312286377,
0.2203938364982605,
-0.013047539629042149,
0.17125600576400757,
-0.15743719041347504,
-0.31346529722213745,
0.11949582397937775,
-0.7742457389831543,
0.11226949095726013,
-0.09471257030963898,
0.7806505560874939,
0.6074387431144714,
0.13960681855678558,
0.6313453316688538,
0.17626532912254333,
-0.1627919226884842,
-0.04598349705338478,
-0.3296496570110321,
0.2191781848669052,
-0.4429519772529602,
0.18519382178783417,
-0.3711739182472229,
0.5113523602485657,
-0.04138793796300888,
0.36274465918540955,
0.010071348398923874,
0.8269385099411011,
0.05269037187099457,
0.032299384474754333,
0.49722790718078613,
0.05161246657371521,
-0.24809326231479645,
-0.5129356980323792,
-0.058742210268974304,
-0.017139721661806107,
0.39307281374931335,
0.592130184173584,
0.5105715990066528,
-0.7029843926429749,
0.029151683673262596,
0.030048586428165436,
-0.30743715167045593,
0.49809786677360535,
0.3216330409049988,
-0.9908660650253296,
-0.24478363990783691,
0.0859484151005745,
-0.2924879789352417,
-0.033137865364551544,
-0.10996218770742416,
0.9848166704177856,
0.5441803336143494,
-0.33037346601486206,
-0.09197640419006348,
-0.41719120740890503,
0.36385759711265564,
-0.015465178526937962,
0.6329613327980042,
0.1194460541009903,
-0.3978813886642456,
-0.640958845615387,
-0.545779824256897,
0.5695681571960449,
-0.42889878153800964,
-0.8488650918006897,
-0.0620073638856411,
0.08840829133987427,
0.051331982016563416,
-0.14356346428394318,
-0.23943936824798584,
-0.5446497201919556,
-0.02789880521595478,
0.13924071192741394
]
|
128368 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hays%2C%20North%20Carolina | Hays, North Carolina | Hays is a census-designated place (CDP) in Wilkes County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 1,731 at the 2000 census. North Wilkes High School, one of Wilkes County's four public high schools, is located in Hays.
Geography
Hays is located at (36.2499, -81.1156).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , all of it land.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,731 people, 686 households, and 526 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 283.1 people per square mile (109.4/km2). There were 729 housing units at an average density of 119.2 per square mile (46.1/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 98.21% White, 0.52% African American, 0.23% Asian, 0.75% from other races, and 0.29% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.04% of the population.
There were 686 households, out of which 34.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.8% were married couples living together, 9.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.2% were non-families. 20.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.51 and the average family size was 2.88.
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 23.2% under the age of 18, 8.1% from 18 to 24, 32.8% from 25 to 44, 24.6% from 45 to 64, and 11.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.5 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $37,642, and the median income for a family was $40,144. Males had a median income of $27,601 versus $21,520 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $16,869. About 12.6% of families and 17.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 29.2% of those under age 18 and 11.5% of those age 65 or over.
References
External links
Hays, North Carolina is at coordinates .
Census-designated places in North Carolina
Census-designated places in Wilkes County, North Carolina | [
-0.39507415890693665,
0.0867222249507904,
0.20661969482898712,
0.34734004735946655,
0.419842928647995,
0.09681031107902527,
0.7424560785293579,
0.3734206259250641,
-0.4244266450405121,
0.10666435211896896,
-0.3522810637950897,
0.1593371480703354,
-0.6555689573287964,
1.0543917417526245,
-1.0056148767471313,
0.6308144330978394,
0.2890065610408783,
0.25133630633354187,
0.16176269948482513,
-0.42483535408973694,
0.08678524196147919,
-0.44215095043182373,
0.34747326374053955,
0.30553650856018066,
0.24730457365512848,
0.38027989864349365,
0.11065614968538284,
0.1941504180431366,
-0.10842446237802505,
0.2623657286167145,
-0.25083693861961365,
0.5046001672744751,
-0.28485530614852905,
0.2043296843767166,
-0.17821672558784485,
-0.15649983286857605,
0.2295055240392685,
-0.049839477986097336,
0.3429705500602722,
-0.9622043371200562,
-0.33459851145744324,
0.14609788358211517,
-0.00201855949126184,
0.19639989733695984,
0.49331533908843994,
-0.3679799437522888,
-1.347870945930481,
0.5261996984481812,
-0.8809060454368591,
-0.6755375862121582,
-0.9593530893325806,
0.14667148888111115,
-0.030684996396303177,
-0.0825439915060997,
0.5947016477584839,
-0.07646457105875015,
-0.22327934205532074,
-0.01693090796470642,
1.0123682022094727,
0.2881022095680237,
-0.5407212376594543,
0.6143651604652405,
0.4784039855003357,
0.4740079641342163,
-0.3076867461204529,
-0.3143450617790222,
-0.2834615111351013,
0.3195214569568634,
0.18778447806835175,
-0.5257400274276733,
0.05378196761012077,
0.472262978553772,
0.018192948773503304,
0.08583410829305649,
0.2375677227973938,
0.39285674691200256,
-0.43933871388435364,
-0.18098986148834229,
-0.18415364623069763,
-0.07388892769813538,
0.18156181275844574,
-0.18959255516529083,
0.5651317238807678,
-0.3126526176929474,
0.5668827891349792,
0.31457650661468506,
-0.7117876410484314,
0.6252802610397339,
-0.004387166816741228,
0.6153056025505066,
-0.48289385437965393,
0.1376899778842926,
-0.26500314474105835,
-0.16233408451080322,
-0.462384432554245,
-0.33093756437301636,
0.1069757342338562,
0.12749099731445312,
-0.07887302339076996,
0.3606712520122528,
-0.5678102374076843,
0.6800905466079712,
1.0653761625289917,
-0.4675593972206116,
-0.5059518814086914,
-0.041315898299217224,
-0.765345573425293,
-0.22582656145095825,
-0.06978785246610641,
0.13007819652557373,
-0.6007618308067322,
0.2993677258491516,
0.036137159913778305,
-0.6019837856292725,
-0.29313719272613525,
0.2665848731994629,
0.3684728145599365,
-0.3422096073627472,
0.05402667820453644,
0.12691648304462433,
0.1434347778558731,
0.40904074907302856,
-0.5003448724746704,
0.5701522827148438,
-0.18835993111133575,
0.07414984703063965,
0.2593354880809784,
-0.0005124285817146301,
0.1842563897371292,
0.6100409626960754,
-0.6448935270309448,
0.49685099720954895,
0.06293283402919769,
0.6492912769317627,
-0.2765901982784271,
-0.3854376971721649,
-0.17390339076519012,
-0.2147013545036316,
0.31286534667015076,
0.4743828773498535,
-0.8392497897148132,
0.14947082102298737,
-0.24990814924240112,
-0.03940388560295105,
-0.047940533608198166,
-0.192610964179039,
-0.29111018776893616,
-0.09797174483537674,
-0.013126153498888016,
0.22491386532783508,
-0.09516222774982452,
0.41048142313957214,
0.3422359228134155,
0.47362127900123596,
-0.23946845531463623,
0.01068477425724268,
0.529888391494751,
0.5743007659912109,
0.4380384087562561,
0.22742773592472076,
-0.44329020380973816,
0.8657695055007935,
0.6812142133712769,
0.1683613508939743,
0.3741146922111511,
-0.032839350402355194,
0.4179190397262573,
-0.11229483038187027,
-0.06461266428232193,
0.3249390125274658,
-0.20518212020397186,
0.7969590425491333,
0.5176974534988403,
-0.28773683309555054,
0.2864595651626587,
-0.30673450231552124,
0.7062920928001404,
0.32761436700820923,
0.3954482972621918,
0.022328361868858337,
-0.8187199234962463,
0.06465740501880646,
0.587942898273468,
0.0009982589399442077,
-0.2104744017124176,
0.4758968651294708,
-0.020978672429919243,
0.01288330927491188,
-0.5700895190238953,
-0.8430435061454773,
-0.6239725351333618,
-0.7172988057136536,
0.18931397795677185,
0.0010950005380436778,
0.31573137640953064,
0.4501522481441498,
0.11934829503297806,
0.42088666558265686,
-0.21585065126419067,
0.17910081148147583,
0.280130535364151,
-0.5436762571334839,
0.5068197250366211,
-0.4754035472869873,
0.11944584548473358,
0.3149048388004303,
0.13696013391017914,
0.02008824422955513,
0.04146408289670944,
0.37807029485702515,
-0.2125667929649353,
-1.0226197242736816,
-0.10674261301755905,
0.8756548166275024,
-0.5240896344184875,
-0.1906820386648178,
-0.11648205667734146,
0.36809438467025757,
0.5926049947738647,
-0.33958566188812256,
0.8447362184524536,
0.02395423874258995,
0.11857255548238754,
-0.2052721232175827,
-0.6995348930358887,
0.5398021936416626,
0.2854233980178833,
0.0602373369038105,
-0.5088136792182922,
0.15005186200141907,
0.3260471522808075,
-0.13545462489128113,
0.3635859787464142,
-0.6959919929504395,
0.07784633338451385,
0.5100741982460022,
-0.21446219086647034,
-0.574442446231842,
0.5326741337776184,
-1.0877747535705566,
-0.2888987958431244,
0.31587034463882446,
-0.6161008477210999,
0.6280784010887146,
0.39402318000793457,
0.3142687678337097,
-0.29078060388565063,
-0.05933437496423721,
-0.20748348534107208,
-0.5132907629013062,
0.11541040241718292,
0.20640788972377777,
0.30360573530197144,
-0.08461989462375641,
-0.34115150570869446,
0.04509299620985985,
-0.2560146749019623,
0.36082470417022705,
0.5423999428749084,
0.13039541244506836,
-0.05150595307350159,
0.6316860318183899,
-0.45296528935432434,
0.15457671880722046,
0.030861366540193558,
-0.4783458411693573,
-0.36701706051826477,
-0.4532970190048218,
-0.060015976428985596,
0.47715479135513306,
0.28243404626846313,
-0.5313379168510437,
-0.026886416599154472,
-0.1371965855360031,
0.531003475189209,
-0.01632123999297619,
0.18132279813289642,
-0.11646488308906555,
-1.0428420305252075,
-0.020886916667222977,
0.07078294456005096,
0.7027886509895325,
-0.30569130182266235,
-0.26316148042678833,
0.34237760305404663,
-1.032326579093933,
0.5218591690063477,
-0.5458536148071289,
-0.1662769764661789,
-0.8435670137405396,
-0.3864701986312866,
0.38560691475868225,
-0.6966522932052612,
1.1941479444503784,
-0.857336699962616,
-0.05448233336210251,
0.09046901762485504,
0.14890669286251068,
0.45643600821495056,
-0.4401286542415619,
-0.5319424867630005,
0.6934086680412292,
-0.22796061635017395,
0.1908503770828247,
-0.07415822893381119,
-0.36052799224853516,
0.06364736706018448,
-0.4925915598869324,
-4.975928783416748,
0.7004035115242004,
-0.6217406988143921,
-0.5106692910194397,
0.6174050569534302,
-0.5308306217193604,
0.2024780660867691,
-0.3674721121788025,
-0.022976230829954147,
0.7896421551704407,
-0.00986014399677515,
-0.13388554751873016,
-0.2378779649734497,
0.2921239137649536,
0.7457727193832397,
0.5096062421798706,
0.6406736373901367,
-0.5798932909965515,
0.5806743502616882,
0.34090307354927063,
-0.5681113004684448,
0.1497199982404709,
0.16392365097999573,
0.06626513600349426,
0.16334639489650726,
0.8770968317985535,
-0.21444930136203766,
-0.7148501873016357,
-0.7315304279327393,
0.09608559310436249,
0.17555876076221466,
-0.13376490771770477,
-1.0747140645980835,
0.14431512355804443,
-0.009352349676191807,
-0.37966713309288025,
0.00445627560839057,
-0.3931587040424347,
0.19619706273078918,
-0.3934957981109619,
0.6052048206329346,
0.5914340615272522,
-0.5673508048057556,
-0.4543301463127136,
0.6962034702301025,
-0.2663407325744629,
-0.2587711215019226,
-0.16551224887371063,
-0.03605186194181442,
0.8955934047698975,
0.15842971205711365,
-0.2975979149341583,
0.8359717130661011,
-0.24617435038089752,
0.04874616488814354,
-0.5310909748077393,
0.6851531267166138,
0.0693628191947937,
-0.6625028252601624,
1.071402668952942,
-0.14559759199619293,
-0.7921080589294434,
-0.027843602001667023,
0.11125964671373367,
-0.25732430815696716,
-0.1920553296804428,
0.13123898208141327,
1.0102118253707886,
0.4254380166530609,
-0.27733492851257324,
0.20964877307415009,
0.4636504054069519,
-0.12715016305446625,
-0.6936148405075073,
0.39857327938079834,
-0.411426305770874,
-0.5684565901756287,
-0.08669228106737137,
-0.6531373858451843,
-0.1444082260131836,
0.12440123409032822,
0.023800326511263847,
0.8060460686683655,
0.2657593786716461,
0.31411874294281006,
-0.6169406771659851,
0.01624416373670101,
0.1467396318912506,
-0.23573923110961914,
-0.5874255299568176,
0.48463231325149536,
-0.28353849053382874,
0.7645087838172913,
-0.3327619731426239,
0.136322021484375,
0.12411685287952423,
0.5938445925712585,
0.12788338959217072,
-0.4184800386428833,
-0.33974891901016235,
0.4660561680793762,
-0.3048606812953949,
0.17006099224090576,
-0.24435536563396454,
-0.36312368512153625,
-0.17216964066028595,
-0.00886021088808775,
0.6143624186515808,
1.046169400215149,
-0.5345697999000549,
-0.4115949273109436,
0.2013479322195053,
-0.067534901201725,
-0.12389346957206726,
0.41520074009895325,
-0.2531316876411438,
-0.1878013163805008,
0.27688392996788025,
0.3561874330043793,
0.16632357239723206,
0.2126731425523758,
0.04320104420185089,
-0.28466254472732544,
0.2908545732498169,
-0.6682876944541931,
-0.20833709836006165,
0.8535616397857666,
-0.23848550021648407,
-0.3257860243320465,
0.45737215876579285,
-0.15920427441596985,
0.01953449845314026,
-0.9179328680038452,
-0.6893370747566223,
-0.6010442972183228,
0.0449051670730114,
-0.3234996199607849,
-0.9193643927574158,
-0.25883859395980835,
0.5703755617141724,
0.19192169606685638,
0.17704571783542633,
-0.3641495704650879,
0.4900270104408264,
-0.4258522093296051,
-0.011010438203811646,
0.5596890449523926,
0.09096924215555191,
-0.8591893911361694,
0.2781233787536621,
-0.3492242395877838,
-0.455731064081192,
-0.28517118096351624,
-0.6393688321113586,
0.34903964400291443,
0.04975774139165878,
0.27610349655151367,
0.20864267647266388,
0.7591384053230286,
-0.7224358320236206,
0.10888127237558365,
-0.01616665907204151,
-0.9282633066177368,
0.7614278197288513,
0.034496791660785675,
-0.23453068733215332,
-0.4320506751537323,
-0.03254200518131256,
-0.37417328357696533,
0.22882384061813354,
0.7333323955535889,
-0.6877361536026001,
-0.01438916940242052,
-0.4711698591709137,
0.046083755791187286,
-0.3496326506137848,
-0.015904081985354424,
0.3194710612297058,
-0.01952706091105938,
0.2318422645330429,
0.24724288284778595,
-0.25679850578308105,
-0.8939764499664307,
-0.20199096202850342,
0.030009284615516663,
-1.087810754776001,
0.03727087751030922,
-0.4864896833896637,
0.31046321988105774,
0.34189242124557495,
0.2115897387266159,
-0.615651547908783,
0.11278102546930313,
0.27072596549987793,
-0.15294137597084045,
-0.9263667464256287,
0.254867821931839,
-0.15228202939033508,
-0.28756630420684814,
-0.4009596109390259,
0.11824554949998856,
0.713837206363678,
0.10893163830041885,
0.3681124448776245,
-0.06798072159290314,
-0.8339137434959412,
0.3272850513458252,
0.3071315884590149,
-0.5157475471496582,
0.694817066192627,
-0.3014053404331207,
-0.5983249545097351,
0.8062256574630737,
0.6040921807289124,
-0.33434832096099854,
0.23991520702838898,
0.21548928320407867,
-0.2727544903755188,
-0.7027626633644104,
0.02269165590405464,
-0.4516124725341797,
0.03599555417895317,
0.2642825245857239,
-0.7718102931976318,
-0.625899076461792,
0.21654926240444183,
0.05927852541208267,
-0.5200616717338562,
1.1337847709655762,
-0.4346693456172943,
-0.0020503830164670944,
-0.13534408807754517,
0.16637158393859863,
0.20438037812709808,
0.24908211827278137,
0.038241706788539886,
-0.3919490575790405,
-0.4130059480667114,
0.48595795035362244,
-0.48951131105422974,
0.5205662250518799,
0.9679926037788391,
-0.01613081991672516,
-0.26851731538772583,
-0.5399397015571594,
-0.29426756501197815,
0.6885145306587219,
0.0020913416519761086,
-0.7170365452766418,
1.0355116128921509,
1.0318509340286255,
-0.4610435366630554,
-0.7746706008911133,
0.18108916282653809,
1.2071022987365723,
-0.11372777819633484,
0.12783925235271454,
0.7198019027709961,
0.08252107352018356,
0.010783309116959572,
0.5265512466430664,
0.009669735096395016,
0.27620992064476013,
0.32991182804107666,
0.17358292639255524,
-0.34658560156822205,
-0.2586463391780853,
-0.6858891248703003,
0.7149400115013123,
-0.9797454476356506,
-0.3476707935333252,
-0.1492493897676468,
0.39058560132980347,
0.3664014935493469,
-0.30797654390335083,
0.1722971498966217,
-0.19473804533481598,
-0.8566611409187317,
-0.39980369806289673,
0.643136203289032,
-0.6621307134628296,
-0.5852182507514954,
-0.10753822326660156,
-0.08256912976503372,
-0.04258885607123375,
-0.7777583003044128,
-0.3691139817237854,
-0.008297442458570004,
-0.871213972568512,
0.12416231632232666,
-0.4137134552001953,
0.3442125916481018,
0.027514737099409103,
-0.6613991856575012,
-0.03287625312805176,
0.3510308861732483,
0.02423751726746559,
0.48020946979522705,
-0.356090784072876,
0.39227378368377686,
-1.2870185375213623,
0.5168591141700745,
-0.18672092258930206,
-0.7831090092658997,
0.3735317587852478,
-0.6229478120803833,
-0.5483841300010681,
-0.45048198103904724,
0.24372756481170654,
0.16605032980442047,
-0.15497350692749023,
0.13352467119693756,
0.5346372723579407,
0.49613288044929504,
-0.5309163331985474,
0.08326255530118942,
0.36814185976982117,
-0.04030502960085869,
-0.13915641605854034,
0.3360341787338257,
0.10739120841026306,
0.4801633358001709,
0.606608510017395,
0.8992493152618408,
-0.5677756071090698,
1.192742109298706,
0.1223018616437912,
0.3027491867542267,
-0.4784908592700958,
0.08607261627912521,
-0.15402144193649292,
-1.014683485031128,
-0.9605473279953003,
0.40395501255989075,
-0.481314480304718,
-0.2180851846933365,
0.0017428030259907246,
-0.5376141667366028,
-0.3433488607406616,
0.32140564918518066,
-0.5397344827651978,
-0.0314050056040287,
0.3943420946598053,
-0.03607640415430069,
-0.2582544684410095,
-0.48494645953178406,
0.08291259407997131,
0.14482060074806213,
0.23310929536819458,
-0.7410120964050293,
-0.15699559450149536,
-0.26241663098335266,
-0.35017746686935425,
-0.6547188758850098,
-0.6231935024261475,
-0.041640616953372955,
0.8955985903739929,
-0.2991882264614105,
-0.9837906360626221,
-0.08080584555864334,
-0.058911796659231186,
-0.5802971720695496,
0.7679407596588135,
0.28622567653656006,
0.20997574925422668,
-0.021218562498688698,
0.6738337278366089,
-0.14591510593891144,
-0.04573876038193703,
1.0969513654708862,
0.6235758066177368,
0.10616971552371979,
0.4556238651275635,
0.8247354626655579,
0.38508307933807373,
0.48117369413375854,
0.1553674191236496,
0.7061372399330139,
0.08691975474357605,
0.2658592760562897,
-0.007762510795146227,
-0.10345445573329926,
-0.04794115200638771,
-0.5291823744773865,
0.1372619867324829,
-0.3178843557834625,
-0.5739051699638367,
0.04354094713926315,
0.1782822459936142,
-0.2879354655742645,
0.060848064720630646,
-0.005900155752897263,
-0.3836689293384552,
0.1466064751148224,
-0.08448535948991776,
0.3266720771789551,
-0.07286222279071808,
0.7083809971809387,
0.9511131048202515,
0.4194478988647461,
0.20129898190498352,
0.1136057898402214,
-0.286119669675827,
-0.04748755693435669,
-0.20822541415691376,
0.48532554507255554,
-0.38476526737213135,
0.5821942687034607,
-0.5861654281616211,
0.8233622312545776,
0.05477500706911087,
0.6132892370223999,
0.1592589020729065,
0.7088412046432495,
-0.47944867610931396,
-0.417793333530426,
0.5928553938865662,
0.044189270585775375,
-0.33183249831199646,
-0.26325723528862,
0.024341827258467674,
-0.563855767250061,
0.4484447240829468,
0.38852137327194214,
-0.15738174319267273,
-0.4412756860256195,
0.0018799224635586143,
0.3523724377155304,
-0.7451652884483337,
0.2158656120300293,
0.23083072900772095,
-1.0474317073822021,
-0.09930551052093506,
-0.37114277482032776,
-0.420813649892807,
-0.4359559118747711,
-0.32470524311065674,
1.4123363494873047,
0.6608916521072388,
-0.40292495489120483,
-0.022939812391996384,
-0.026760410517454147,
-0.30541548132896423,
-0.2938801944255829,
0.7713164687156677,
0.8878898620605469,
-0.6014203429222107,
-0.6822399497032166,
-0.5647605657577515,
0.4919702112674713,
-0.8485921621322632,
-0.9347823262214661,
0.3647514283657074,
-0.1877775490283966,
0.20309902727603912,
0.3240911662578583,
0.38374409079551697,
-0.2575339674949646,
0.5863510966300964,
-0.05099151283502579
]
|
128369 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millers%20Creek%2C%20North%20Carolina | Millers Creek, North Carolina | Millers Creek is a census-designated place (CDP) in Wilkes County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 2,112 at the 2010 census. West Wilkes High School, one of the four public high schools in Wilkes County, is located in Millers Creek.
Geography
Millers Creek is located at (36.189184, -81.237650).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , all of it land.
Demographics
2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 1,931 people, 747 households, and 393 families residing in the CDP.
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 2,112 people, 892 households, and 621 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 469.3 people per square mile (182.1/km2). There were 1002 housing units at an average density of 222.7 per square mile (86.4/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 94.3% White, 0.9% African American, 0.1% Native American, 0.1% Asian, 3.1% from other races, and 1.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.5% of the population.
There were 892 households, out of which 25.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.0% were married couples living together, 11.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.4% were non-families. 26.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.37 and the average family size was 2.81.
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 22.3% under the age of 18, 5.9% from 18 to 24, 23.2% from 25 to 44, 31.2% from 45 to 64, and 17.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43.7 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.5 males.
2014 Census Bureau data shows: the median income for a household in the CDP was $32,092 and the median income for a family was $39,975. Males had a median income of $42,314 versus $28,188 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $18,771. About 15.0% of families and 22.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 21.6% of those under age 18 and 11.5% of those age 65 or over.
Notable people
Benny Parsons, a well-known NASCAR racer and winner of the 1973 NASCAR championship, was a native of Millers Creek. After retiring from racing, he became a popular racing analyst for the ESPN, NBC, and TBS television networks.
References
Census-designated places in North Carolina
Census-designated places in Wilkes County, North Carolina | [
-0.44991934299468994,
0.6144031882286072,
0.2899859547615051,
-0.29788336157798767,
0.6127895712852478,
0.30755722522735596,
0.6223691701889038,
0.498996376991272,
-0.4728536307811737,
-0.10376811027526855,
-0.3425760865211487,
0.04146473482251167,
-0.5199755430221558,
1.0234378576278687,
-0.6788288950920105,
0.4750308394432068,
0.20245185494422913,
0.5988747477531433,
0.2767554521560669,
-0.8938558101654053,
0.1983976662158966,
-0.908411979675293,
0.4877754747867584,
0.4531222879886627,
-0.08107518404722214,
0.055378641933202744,
0.22049112617969513,
0.3528469502925873,
0.09038598835468292,
0.4270363450050354,
-0.37826329469680786,
0.6419655084609985,
0.11937467753887177,
-0.09575452655553818,
0.6076146960258484,
0.2536153197288513,
-0.07531864196062088,
0.12677106261253357,
-0.06164902448654175,
-0.37076535820961,
-0.4353030323982239,
-0.13867270946502686,
-0.004457362461835146,
0.2688165605068207,
0.39008012413978577,
-0.005147602409124374,
-1.1198406219482422,
0.24313870072364807,
-0.8364526033401489,
-1.0205923318862915,
-0.2651706337928772,
0.5157994627952576,
0.0808035135269165,
0.17981527745723724,
0.3199400305747986,
0.12053654342889786,
-0.2968878448009491,
-0.2908205986022949,
0.9670977592468262,
0.1116795614361763,
-0.00891919992864132,
0.4276875853538513,
0.294071763753891,
0.10630648583173752,
-0.07861224561929703,
0.1695462465286255,
-0.38054558634757996,
0.6255729794502258,
0.06381262838840485,
-0.3244556188583374,
0.16109494864940643,
0.1585896760225296,
-0.08009891211986542,
0.1523171216249466,
-0.006055308040231466,
0.6607916355133057,
-0.11597868800163269,
-0.02917584590613842,
0.15918831527233124,
0.2560567557811737,
0.33187222480773926,
-0.14701607823371887,
0.6882007718086243,
0.41529327630996704,
0.3797668218612671,
0.5807201862335205,
-0.5643742084503174,
0.44847190380096436,
0.36844518780708313,
0.049452006816864014,
-0.7013405561447144,
0.43884506821632385,
-0.26049482822418213,
0.07619281858205795,
-0.3363383114337921,
0.383852481842041,
-0.0020092676859349012,
0.40956228971481323,
-0.09658981114625931,
0.6574090123176575,
-0.4405333399772644,
0.5487359762191772,
1.0572178363800049,
0.2980642318725586,
-0.13306556642055511,
-0.31513166427612305,
-0.6722338199615479,
-0.6734960079193115,
0.14981365203857422,
-0.055617962032556534,
-0.6948462128639221,
0.18248428404331207,
0.19994625449180603,
-0.4213590919971466,
-0.22232234477996826,
0.7971869707107544,
0.2609051764011383,
-0.2951527535915375,
0.3870111405849457,
0.10509277880191803,
0.3157259523868561,
0.5578156113624573,
-0.5788365602493286,
0.48712465167045593,
-0.16863901913166046,
0.24024692177772522,
0.116852305829525,
0.14264467358589172,
0.09827267378568649,
0.5038711428642273,
-0.2654391825199127,
0.6521273255348206,
0.18305937945842743,
0.36052006483078003,
-0.01164434663951397,
-0.2972918152809143,
-0.0023383537773042917,
-0.11845274269580841,
0.3703249990940094,
0.41095516085624695,
-0.955071747303009,
-0.47714194655418396,
-0.6182684898376465,
-0.4904261529445648,
-0.38951799273490906,
0.052014950662851334,
-0.320213258266449,
-0.6160167455673218,
0.3578292727470398,
0.2685973048210144,
0.11418988555669785,
0.2977839410305023,
0.34839481115341187,
0.39036911725997925,
-0.5531313419342041,
0.029835062101483345,
0.4237966537475586,
0.2469721883535385,
0.22411856055259705,
0.09015605598688126,
-0.07524465024471283,
0.649748682975769,
0.5749829411506653,
-0.28475722670555115,
0.6974971890449524,
-0.05342649668455124,
0.6075729727745056,
-0.5698297619819641,
-0.16040268540382385,
0.5455456376075745,
-0.19445088505744934,
0.453250914812088,
0.724064290523529,
-0.3794734477996826,
0.4384787976741791,
-0.4257861375808716,
0.9517585635185242,
0.49685147404670715,
0.25211697816848755,
0.08632846176624298,
-1.2285370826721191,
0.20273327827453613,
0.5988340973854065,
0.0018800190882757306,
-0.3576395511627197,
0.14580200612545013,
-0.06581595540046692,
-0.5820915102958679,
-0.46817687153816223,
-0.2525806128978729,
-0.12415528297424316,
-0.5230801105499268,
0.20955048501491547,
-0.20458978414535522,
0.4189581274986267,
0.42503824830055237,
-0.2249872088432312,
0.2806450128555298,
-0.26964089274406433,
0.10796236246824265,
-0.10580047219991684,
-0.44265490770339966,
0.3926624059677124,
-0.7096773386001587,
-0.5014010667800903,
0.18346849083900452,
0.11900309473276138,
0.07953796535730362,
0.11288303881883621,
-0.21759161353111267,
-0.05865778774023056,
-0.7472189664840698,
0.20608265697956085,
0.2926555871963501,
-0.36570221185684204,
-0.34330424666404724,
-0.17875434458255768,
-0.36303022503852844,
0.5681353211402893,
-0.28229793906211853,
0.714684247970581,
-0.15776178240776062,
0.2976754605770111,
-0.019958917051553726,
-0.5979660153388977,
1.088664174079895,
0.3939909338951111,
0.1615675538778305,
-0.1906694918870926,
-0.38626033067703247,
0.3901577293872833,
0.30753424763679504,
0.04810508340597153,
-1.056613802909851,
0.10978079587221146,
-0.1793575882911682,
-0.26596444845199585,
-0.6191679835319519,
0.2734343707561493,
-0.44724804162979126,
-0.101368248462677,
0.4155634641647339,
-0.8511694073677063,
0.2349177896976471,
0.35742905735969543,
-0.005404404364526272,
-0.27107900381088257,
-0.22710679471492767,
-0.023016465827822685,
-0.22084741294384003,
0.02205462008714676,
0.4582677185535431,
0.49395573139190674,
-0.4680871069431305,
-0.18010127544403076,
-0.0326266884803772,
-0.3208537995815277,
0.22981712222099304,
-0.09333547204732895,
0.026591161265969276,
0.17700500786304474,
0.5044267773628235,
-0.5754604339599609,
0.1185547262430191,
0.15075628459453583,
-0.5812607407569885,
-0.5213041305541992,
-0.23162586987018585,
-0.3318161368370056,
0.37635618448257446,
0.8074015378952026,
-0.2968916594982147,
0.3640448749065399,
-0.11870028078556061,
0.32449400424957275,
0.37569934129714966,
-0.18027715384960175,
-0.8164199590682983,
-1.1425541639328003,
-0.21646854281425476,
0.20930859446525574,
1.1528129577636719,
-0.32398828864097595,
-0.19370849430561066,
0.05324877053499222,
-0.6318560242652893,
0.44286975264549255,
0.38071051239967346,
-0.017463430762290955,
-0.47893059253692627,
-0.07702643424272537,
-0.08560309559106827,
-0.18763384222984314,
1.183789849281311,
0.027596237137913704,
0.00072189123602584,
-0.006308110896497965,
0.27103933691978455,
0.5139415264129639,
-0.2960921823978424,
-0.5695801973342896,
0.6343172192573547,
-0.8442915081977844,
0.10421812534332275,
0.1001364216208458,
-0.6387806534767151,
-0.0749954953789711,
-0.2676306962966919,
-4.735204696655273,
0.7188243865966797,
-0.5190637707710266,
0.01494456734508276,
0.580026388168335,
-0.10687846690416336,
0.5190112590789795,
-0.3797137439250946,
-0.0052067250944674015,
0.9841182827949524,
-0.3090592920780182,
-0.33643463253974915,
-0.11263053119182587,
0.45771268010139465,
0.5439696907997131,
0.09652382135391235,
0.5770500302314758,
-0.35070279240608215,
0.5706615447998047,
-0.34965142607688904,
-0.44748350977897644,
0.5871213674545288,
-0.4906308650970459,
-0.3108576536178589,
0.3855155408382416,
0.14827601611614227,
-0.10696101188659668,
-0.34252357482910156,
-0.8675048351287842,
0.2427537739276886,
-0.3103955388069153,
-0.20786020159721375,
-0.9324377179145813,
0.06318481266498566,
-0.12354855984449387,
-0.6191798448562622,
-0.245480015873909,
-0.1603674590587616,
0.21504318714141846,
-0.593591034412384,
0.10874462127685547,
0.5737653374671936,
-1.1492714881896973,
-0.6230324506759644,
0.6485825777053833,
-0.554607629776001,
-0.5236985087394714,
-0.1908472627401352,
-0.04515211284160614,
0.8826687335968018,
0.2478073537349701,
-0.524715006351471,
0.9593969583511353,
-0.12228595465421677,
0.08997640758752823,
-0.05462322756648064,
0.7815275192260742,
-0.08717983961105347,
-0.37982210516929626,
0.8126140236854553,
0.3299596309661865,
-0.9678680896759033,
0.5330775380134583,
-0.06754212826490402,
-0.5857422351837158,
-0.6431140303611755,
0.1698981523513794,
0.41051653027534485,
0.7140979170799255,
-0.17060817778110504,
0.3960232734680176,
0.7332150936126709,
-0.06084399297833443,
-0.7516276836395264,
0.5091624855995178,
-0.4230571687221527,
-0.6918989419937134,
0.14620926976203918,
-0.44250205159187317,
-0.030697565525770187,
0.472004771232605,
0.1523057073354721,
1.072877049446106,
0.601932168006897,
0.06727062910795212,
-0.35949331521987915,
0.2249438762664795,
-0.0008344362722709775,
-0.670817494392395,
-0.5847427248954773,
0.5565738677978516,
0.2097485065460205,
0.6970260739326477,
-0.49725863337516785,
-0.1753803789615631,
0.7753273248672485,
0.3578738570213318,
0.10348152369260788,
-0.7256952524185181,
-0.4723573923110962,
0.6918072700500488,
-0.49804002046585083,
-0.322068989276886,
-0.5336108803749084,
-0.009089681319892406,
-0.16015693545341492,
0.31674090027809143,
0.3869248330593109,
0.7231254577636719,
-0.02431424893438816,
-0.19167442619800568,
0.07708697766065598,
-0.03406383469700813,
-0.3088463544845581,
0.17468591034412384,
-0.2775726616382599,
-0.14334194362163544,
0.7840547561645508,
0.39178553223609924,
0.14076553285121918,
0.33222874999046326,
0.3799682557582855,
-0.46648555994033813,
-0.30816054344177246,
0.18025681376457214,
-0.3934396803379059,
0.9889960885047913,
0.15372234582901,
-0.5337614417076111,
0.723171055316925,
-0.37294840812683105,
0.0832013487815857,
-0.8770268559455872,
-0.41691088676452637,
-0.511451780796051,
-0.5614337921142578,
-0.5985742807388306,
-0.955535352230072,
-0.025691384449601173,
0.8136489987373352,
0.5251645445823669,
0.13631489872932434,
-0.8185207843780518,
0.13454203307628632,
-0.3487032353878021,
0.3534841239452362,
0.05046861618757248,
0.44678178429603577,
-1.0376979112625122,
0.39216962456703186,
-0.4019142985343933,
-0.7467384338378906,
-0.20545576512813568,
-0.51719069480896,
0.44112858176231384,
-0.46863454580307007,
0.26122167706489563,
0.570868968963623,
0.7481220960617065,
-0.8371971249580383,
0.4481442868709564,
0.3361942768096924,
-0.9669550061225891,
0.4623836576938629,
-0.3122710883617401,
-0.04398074373602867,
-0.5247767567634583,
0.2382388710975647,
-0.583940863609314,
0.47404855489730835,
0.7883440256118774,
-0.056443605571985245,
-0.29056450724601746,
-0.12470903992652893,
0.2673374116420746,
0.165715292096138,
-0.02736244536936283,
0.48178577423095703,
0.25906383991241455,
-0.23619665205478668,
-0.21217988431453705,
-0.3399948179721832,
-0.8935692310333252,
-0.011945091187953949,
-0.004351212177425623,
-0.8276288509368896,
0.15614069998264313,
-0.07689352333545685,
0.0035056581255048513,
0.299223929643631,
0.2782391607761383,
-0.27466726303100586,
0.36954349279403687,
0.2081218957901001,
0.04261348769068718,
-0.674006998538971,
0.5307397246360779,
0.110957071185112,
-0.38441380858421326,
-0.8269706964492798,
0.18089957535266876,
0.8460972309112549,
-0.46543216705322266,
0.5969251394271851,
0.10917840152978897,
-0.9219931364059448,
0.08050178736448288,
0.069022998213768,
-0.9818850755691528,
1.0308047533035278,
0.07842609286308289,
-0.7108173966407776,
0.08621327579021454,
0.2544657289981842,
-0.576793372631073,
-0.15764100849628448,
0.5609896183013916,
-0.20261423289775848,
-0.2923441529273987,
0.42492184042930603,
-0.5715155601501465,
0.035820841789245605,
-0.31557103991508484,
-0.7662602663040161,
-0.711729109287262,
0.6237391233444214,
0.34885236620903015,
0.07634034752845764,
1.12884521484375,
-0.6027023792266846,
-0.269222617149353,
0.04133547097444534,
0.2468288242816925,
0.14080096781253815,
-0.01987878791987896,
-0.23129144310951233,
-0.1813199371099472,
-0.3005947172641754,
0.40246644616127014,
-0.26666325330734253,
0.35750502347946167,
0.6723314523696899,
0.1395309418439865,
-0.7920519709587097,
-0.22612442076206207,
-0.5875959396362305,
0.4652823507785797,
0.01491464488208294,
-1.058963418006897,
0.5297402143478394,
1.1513605117797852,
-0.2894012928009033,
-0.7326196432113647,
-0.08043090999126434,
1.2775028944015503,
-0.26679861545562744,
-0.020811816677451134,
0.5232620239257812,
0.27677956223487854,
-0.3472260534763336,
0.11771302670240402,
-0.19200190901756287,
-0.28223639726638794,
-0.08295826613903046,
0.4055476486682892,
-0.48913735151290894,
-0.09645931422710419,
-0.34392207860946655,
0.4865216612815857,
-0.7533180713653564,
-0.4746655821800232,
-0.2607634961605072,
0.043457917869091034,
1.1281696557998657,
-0.3071928918361664,
0.4452723562717438,
0.2430398315191269,
-0.8414456248283386,
0.035121046006679535,
0.350241094827652,
-0.8848954439163208,
-0.5598465800285339,
-0.09501724690198898,
-0.10227970778942108,
0.3009304106235504,
-0.8020930290222168,
-0.30070731043815613,
-0.19399139285087585,
-0.5841879844665527,
0.2966540455818176,
-0.15748976171016693,
0.7744583487510681,
0.2501806914806366,
-0.890470027923584,
0.07076727598905563,
0.014197100885212421,
0.674458384513855,
0.42406538128852844,
-0.17600972950458527,
0.19364775717258453,
-1.5909392833709717,
0.579948902130127,
-0.2404751479625702,
-0.7295539975166321,
0.7385430335998535,
-0.37220093607902527,
-0.6601426601409912,
-0.26304152607917786,
0.04343843087553978,
0.29706498980522156,
0.00006212775042513385,
-0.20276705920696259,
0.3452146053314209,
0.5562759637832642,
0.047581642866134644,
-0.2249903529882431,
0.7149198651313782,
-0.5082551836967468,
0.05320126935839653,
0.22088995575904846,
-0.22835980355739594,
0.3122422993183136,
0.6104264259338379,
0.8084525465965271,
-0.09260258078575134,
1.3483003377914429,
-0.33148622512817383,
0.46732160449028015,
-0.17273297905921936,
-0.04129788279533386,
0.053218238055706024,
-0.9974604249000549,
-0.7126883268356323,
0.186618834733963,
-0.3182222545146942,
-0.41723504662513733,
-0.36776718497276306,
-0.6305912733078003,
-0.7446069121360779,
0.5625296831130981,
-0.042805835604667664,
0.17660512030124664,
0.9840609431266785,
0.20978115499019623,
0.043700579553842545,
-0.5100594758987427,
-0.4371577501296997,
0.352472722530365,
0.3036666512489319,
-0.7909036874771118,
-0.11146180331707001,
-0.30509233474731445,
-0.30213281512260437,
-1.0232957601547241,
-0.3538152873516083,
-0.07606372982263565,
0.3910030424594879,
-0.41392260789871216,
-1.0005170106887817,
0.32099100947380066,
0.04759562388062477,
-0.5392987132072449,
0.39845308661460876,
-0.027503764256834984,
0.09700438380241394,
-0.42542311549186707,
0.6066425442695618,
-0.04858855903148651,
-0.47461816668510437,
0.8632919192314148,
0.6292599439620972,
-0.39964759349823,
0.16385416686534882,
0.505075216293335,
0.3909684717655182,
0.06626755744218826,
-0.01639118418097496,
0.9660776257514954,
-0.19071735441684723,
0.027861928567290306,
0.3776845932006836,
0.7515804171562195,
-0.38216909766197205,
-0.7807677388191223,
0.1283065229654312,
-0.3111930191516876,
-0.5003775954246521,
0.1409914642572403,
0.2636328339576721,
-0.14634081721305847,
-0.026142127811908722,
-0.064287468791008,
-0.2186623364686966,
-0.19976338744163513,
-0.3545741140842438,
-0.12394212931394577,
0.01930282637476921,
0.842315673828125,
0.7780287861824036,
0.27235838770866394,
0.45344510674476624,
0.1413235366344452,
-0.10507912933826447,
0.5343039631843567,
-0.1964533030986786,
0.2257198840379715,
-0.956188440322876,
0.6800805330276489,
-0.40547987818717957,
1.3732339143753052,
0.21091823279857635,
1.0091397762298584,
-0.04670755937695503,
1.2828421592712402,
-0.15636935830116272,
-0.232622891664505,
1.1468364000320435,
-0.5471200942993164,
-0.6170129179954529,
-0.9509663581848145,
-0.22830799221992493,
-0.34772440791130066,
0.5596228837966919,
0.256486713886261,
0.14785470068454742,
-0.09337085485458374,
-0.011307884007692337,
-0.35067427158355713,
-0.3357033133506775,
0.023846015334129333,
-0.04797108471393585,
-0.9939829111099243,
-0.10694396495819092,
-0.07506898790597916,
-0.1850806623697281,
-0.8499970436096191,
-0.05709380656480789,
1.3526833057403564,
0.7395403385162354,
-0.5702415108680725,
0.31614944338798523,
-0.8057853579521179,
-0.20478132367134094,
-0.16430608928203583,
0.24845832586288452,
0.5788975358009338,
-0.240042582154274,
-0.7057971358299255,
-0.3673265278339386,
0.23005355894565582,
-0.3920966684818268,
-0.8789839744567871,
-0.20634426176548004,
-0.4306114912033081,
-0.03144560009241104,
-0.31040772795677185,
-0.18935424089431763,
-0.46115046739578247,
0.2730770707130432,
-0.08274665474891663
]
|
128370 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pusey%20House%2C%20Oxford | Pusey House, Oxford | Pusey House is an Anglican religious institution located on St Giles', Oxford, United Kingdom, immediately to the south of Pusey Street. It is firmly rooted in the Anglo-Catholic Prayer Book tradition of the Church of England, and was founded in 1884 in memory of Edward Bouverie Pusey, Regius Professor of Hebrew at Oxford University, and leader of the Oxford Movement.
The House was established as a 'House of Piety of Learning' with a Library and Chapel, both of which remain open and in use today. One of the original intentions of Pusey House was to house Dr Pusey's collection of books and, since its foundation, the House has come to possess many artefacts relating to Pusey and the Oxford Movement, with the House's Library and Archive holding one of the country's most significant collections of material pertaining to Anglo-Catholicism. The House holds daily services in its chapel, as well as regular lectures and events, and has been described as 'a centre of the Catholic life'.
Pusey House is closely associated with the University of Oxford, especially St Cross College which moved onto the Pusey House site in 1981, but is not itself a permanent private hall or constituent college.
History
Pusey House was opened on 9 October 1884 in part as a memorial to Edward Bouverie Pusey, Regius Professor of Hebrew at Oxford University, a canon of Christ Church Cathedral and for 40 years, a leading figure in the Oxford Movement, a movement of the mid-19th century which sought to bring the Church of England to a deeper understanding of its witness as part of the universal ('Catholic') Church. It was also intended to continue the work of Pusey in restoring the Church of England's Catholic life and witness. It was established with a fund of Β£50,000 to provide a building for Pusey's library, purchase it and create an endowment so that two or more clergy could take charge of it and promote religious life in the university. The first principal was Charles Gore, who founded the [Community of the Resurrection] at the House in 1892. The Community moved to Mirfield, where they remain, when Gore resigned as Principal in 1897.
The House flourished in the following years, and came to experiment with forms of quasi-monastic life. Vincent Stuckey Stratton Coles, Principal from 1897 to 1909, later recorded that 'for a moment it seemed as if the Pusey House was trying to become a monastery. Silence was observed at dinner on Fridays. Great regularity of attendance at the chapel offices, and regulations as to the times of retirement and rising, began to be practised'. Shortly after, during the Principalship of Darwell Stone, a new building was commissioned which was eventually designed by Temple Moore, the leading Anglo-Catholic architect of his age. The House continued its work as the centre of Anglo-Catholicism in Oxford in the new buildings, attracting undergraduates including John Betjeman and Harold MacMillan.
Since 1981, part of the Pusey House site has been occupied by St Cross College.
Buildings
The perpendicular Gothic buildings were designed by the architect Temple Moore, with some additions made by his son Leslie Moore in the early 1920s. Replacing domestic houses and a wooden chapel, the work was financed by a large bequest from Leeds solicitor J.W. Cudworth.
The chapel was completed in 1914, and furnished during the 1930s to designs by Ninian Comper including a gilded baldacchino. Some of Comper's original vestments remain in use and others have been commissioned using his original designs. The chapel remains a place of worship where the offices are chanted and the Mass offered every day; either quietly in the stillness of an early weekday morning or with music and full ceremonial on Sundays.
Library
The library is a theological and historical collection of 75,000 volumes which includes Pusey's library and a large collection of other theological and historical volumes. Pusey's own books, bought after his death, originally formed the heart of Pusey House Library. Since then, by gift and purchase, the library has grown into an important collection that has been recognised by The National Archives as a leading specialist library not only in Oxford but in the United Kingdom. In addition to its primary source material and books on the Anglo-Catholic Movement (Tractarian and Oxford Movements), the library also has good collections of material for the study of Patristics, Church history, liturgy, doctrine, monasticism and Anglican Catholic organisations.
The archive contains extensive material on the Tractarians and the Oxford Movement: the records of a number of Anglo-Catholic societies; communities of monks and nuns; letters and papers of notable Anglicans, as well as the archive of Pusey himself.
The manuscripts include papers of many important figures, organisations and societies connected with the Oxford Movement in the 19th and 20th centuries. The most significant holdings are those of E.Β B. Pusey, H.Β P. Liddon, and S.Β L. Ollard, but there are also papers relating to such notable people as William Ewart Gladstone, John Henry Newman, Canon "Freddie" Hood, F.Β L. Cross, and John Keble.
Worship
Worship in the Chapel of the Resurrection is in accordance with the Anglo-Catholic tradition in the Church of England and is open to all, especially to members of the university. Alongside its reputation for dignified and traditional liturgy, Pusey House is also recognised for its musical tradition, most visible at the Solemn Mass on Sundays and solemnities. The choir's extensive repertoire ranges from the earliest church music and Gregorian chant, through the polyphony of Byrd and extending to 19th and 20th century composers such as Vierne and Stanford. Pusey House commissioned a new Mass-setting for its 125th anniversary celebrations from the composer Alexander Campkin.
Services and observances
Solemn High Mass every Sunday and on major festivals during full term with the Ordinary of the Mass sung by the choir
Morning Prayer and Evening Prayer, daily during full term
Compline each Tuesday evening during full term
Low Mass daily during full term, with a BCP celebration on Fridays
Traditional devotions including Stations of the Cross in Lent and Benediction of the Blessed Sacrament
Holy Week retreat at Ascot Priory in Berkshire.
Teaching and pastoral care
Counsel and instruction in the catholic faith
Preparation for the sacraments
Sacramental confession
Formation of vocations to the sacred priesthood
Visiting preachers and academics
Pilgrimage to the Anglican Shrine of Our Lady of Walsingham
Residential reading week at the Abbey of Bec in Normandy
Friends organisation
The Friends of Pusey House organisation exists to provide additional support for its work and witness, both in England and abroad, by their prayers and by informing others about Pusey House.
Principals
1884-1893: Charles Gore
1893-1897: Robert Lawrence Ottley
1897-1909: Vincent Stuckey Stratton Coles
1909-1934: Darwell Stone
1934-1951: Archibald Frederic Hood
1951-1970: Francis Hugh Maycock
1970: Barry Marshall (died before installation)
1970-1981: Cheslyn Peter Montague Jones
1982-2002: Philip Ursell
2003-2013: Jonathan Baker
2013- : George Westhaver
Priest-Librarians (Incomplete)
1884-1897 VSS Coles
1884-? F. E. Brightman*
1895-1908 H.F.B. Mackay
1908-1919 Darwell Stone*
1921-1924 Mark Carpenter-Garnier
1922-1923 Maurice Child
1927-1944 F.L. Cross*
1929-1937 Humphry Beevor
1941-1946 Eric Kemp*
1935-1952 Tom Parker*
195?-1955 Barry Marshall
1952-1957 Cheslyn Jones*
1957-1961 Robert Catling*
1960-1969 Donald Allchin
1961-1965 Rodney Hunter
1968-1971 & 1976-1978 Peter Cobb
1983-1994 Harry Smythe
Those marked with an asterisk acted as Library Custodian.
See also
List of miscellaneous works by Temple Moore
References
Further reading
Lepine, A. (2016). Modern Gothic and the House of God: Revivalism and Monasticism in Two Twentieth-Century Anglican Chapels. Visual Resources, 32(1-2), 1-26.
Orford, Barry A., Davage, William, and Ursell, Philip. Piety and Learning : The Principals of Pusey House 1884-2002 : Essays Presented to The Revd Philip Ursell. Oxford: Pusey House, 2002.
"The Pusey Memorial at Oxford." Times, 26 June 1885, p.Β 12. The Times Digital Archive, http://tinyurl.galegroup.com/tinyurl/BMsSi5. Retrieved 16 July 2019.
External links
Pusey House official website
Historical documentation on the founding of Pusey House
Library blog
Anglo-Catholic educational establishments
Buildings and structures in Oxford
Christianity in Oxford
Education in Oxford
Educational institutions established in 1884
Organisations associated with the University of Oxford
Religious organisations based in England
St Cross College, Oxford
Temple Moore buildings
1884 establishments in England | [
0.021654369309544563,
0.4947162866592407,
0.16565187275409698,
-1.1171537637710571,
0.24552279710769653,
1.1758607625961304,
0.46720701456069946,
0.5476617217063904,
-0.4578110873699188,
-0.5084850192070007,
-0.7700792551040649,
-0.31196078658103943,
0.02765439823269844,
0.31223100423812866,
-0.05031975358724594,
-0.36054328083992004,
0.2694370150566101,
0.3157747983932495,
0.06321036070585251,
-0.37051278352737427,
0.2881554961204529,
0.20838554203510284,
-0.6093029379844666,
0.6627527475357056,
-0.02544199489057064,
-0.3351301848888397,
0.5196878910064697,
-0.7408138513565063,
-0.30091962218284607,
-0.15597879886627197,
0.6691596508026123,
0.4473779499530792,
0.08353310823440552,
-0.622458815574646,
0.40281620621681213,
-0.41632694005966187,
0.31581810116767883,
-0.32359132170677185,
0.22473421692848206,
0.2348589301109314,
-0.17124930024147034,
-0.6970676779747009,
0.15509504079818726,
0.36465340852737427,
-0.5343361496925354,
-0.2715808153152466,
-0.7281461954116821,
0.4737750291824341,
-1.3128327131271362,
0.24089394509792328,
-0.12306632846593857,
0.28156372904777527,
0.7337998151779175,
-0.08614780008792877,
0.24590982496738434,
0.1379965990781784,
-0.7653688192367554,
0.21471701562404633,
0.9549304842948914,
0.021541954949498177,
0.25123050808906555,
0.8630421161651611,
0.18490807712078094,
0.21303600072860718,
-0.27357369661331177,
-0.5220275521278381,
-0.049994997680187225,
-0.00029060986707918346,
-0.823587954044342,
-0.10627440363168716,
-0.4495627284049988,
-0.2925955057144165,
-0.09825469553470612,
0.23966610431671143,
-0.5181499719619751,
-0.8281537890434265,
-0.16216647624969482,
0.5241679549217224,
0.5332483053207397,
0.17348994314670563,
0.5009852051734924,
0.2037298083305359,
0.21422535181045532,
0.5876528024673462,
0.6672441363334656,
0.7940157651901245,
-0.8429519534111023,
-0.502698540687561,
-0.462750107049942,
0.36788657307624817,
-0.5987107753753662,
-0.11213014274835587,
-0.3299582004547119,
0.2608526647090912,
-0.08705326169729233,
0.03533890098333359,
0.2385345846414566,
-0.048804230988025665,
0.100556880235672,
0.10012814402580261,
-0.6605446934700012,
0.3873906135559082,
0.2848138213157654,
-0.06791488826274872,
-0.04406944662332535,
-0.27387532591819763,
-0.9253376722335815,
-0.6940367817878723,
0.157558411359787,
0.009364849887788296,
-0.6415950059890747,
0.25326478481292725,
-0.5018366575241089,
0.24694038927555084,
-0.11109773069620132,
0.32542288303375244,
0.08956272155046463,
-0.8675379157066345,
-0.7502734661102295,
-0.237446129322052,
-0.4147978127002716,
0.6475845575332642,
0.27807316184043884,
0.5353928804397583,
-0.355712354183197,
0.014157645404338837,
0.14951708912849426,
0.4603467583656311,
-0.6623259782791138,
-0.1575685292482376,
0.2220471203327179,
0.7575150728225708,
0.2850955128669739,
-0.3921689987182617,
0.01743891090154648,
0.3581843376159668,
0.1257493942975998,
-0.037748198956251144,
0.30269187688827515,
0.7251824140548706,
-0.523578405380249,
-0.23477128148078918,
-0.02223522588610649,
0.03359117731451988,
0.425577849149704,
-0.11989398300647736,
-0.3586525022983551,
-0.4471404254436493,
-0.2892037034034729,
-0.6453875303268433,
0.5214184522628784,
0.2194221019744873,
-0.20472076535224915,
-0.665171205997467,
-0.1000925600528717,
0.42750823497772217,
0.7038953304290771,
0.30666983127593994,
-0.16589580476284027,
0.14502201974391937,
-0.6162355542182922,
-0.13330934941768646,
0.4909357726573944,
-0.2170192152261734,
0.04627881199121475,
0.33216628432273865,
0.8862510919570923,
-0.26687806844711304,
-0.3264389932155609,
0.09770455211400986,
-0.6806694269180298,
-0.053443633019924164,
0.724132239818573,
-0.11927017569541931,
-0.01972164213657379,
-0.16517376899719238,
0.9329521059989929,
0.33242693543434143,
0.6901106238365173,
-0.3626447021961212,
-0.6454894542694092,
0.04309246316552162,
-0.03908925503492355,
0.0679662823677063,
-0.034657660871744156,
0.03242877870798111,
-0.11105311661958694,
0.3282071650028229,
-0.4306924641132355,
0.22631417214870453,
-0.49512577056884766,
-0.5462831854820251,
-0.09566614776849747,
0.12063568830490112,
1.1041576862335205,
0.37011224031448364,
-0.8491760492324829,
0.6204554438591003,
-0.03650978207588196,
0.41459718346595764,
-0.3043411374092102,
0.1178983524441719,
-0.36020344495773315,
-0.5499359965324402,
-0.3588447868824005,
-0.09102677553892136,
0.26778265833854675,
0.15893128514289856,
0.47568848729133606,
-0.03157423436641693,
-0.19806277751922607,
-0.5938515067100525,
0.5137548446655273,
0.8821258544921875,
-0.05545850470662117,
-0.39672237634658813,
-0.1154365986585617,
-0.42436981201171875,
0.1295640617609024,
-0.9059977531433105,
0.8129194378852844,
0.06950580328702927,
0.8688114881515503,
0.2992941737174988,
-0.7257820963859558,
0.35128119587898254,
-0.014872376807034016,
0.17710651457309723,
0.20836134254932404,
0.12752917408943176,
0.19610564410686493,
0.36898642778396606,
0.0005009546293877065,
-0.10026257485151291,
-0.20002488791942596,
-0.24771690368652344,
-0.37627121806144714,
-0.7016644477844238,
0.8728375434875488,
0.18403302133083344,
0.24917492270469666,
-0.263577938079834,
-1.0036633014678955,
0.24869205057621002,
-0.03437158465385437,
-0.24876989424228668,
0.22677278518676758,
0.5989313721656799,
-0.3584549129009247,
0.010817483067512512,
-0.1023639664053917,
0.005059779621660709,
0.2505875825881958,
0.33959317207336426,
0.5123632550239563,
0.10940439254045486,
-0.13284385204315186,
0.4825465977191925,
0.19129404425621033,
0.17072317004203796,
-0.5001570582389832,
0.10606835782527924,
0.16373294591903687,
0.32349780201911926,
-0.11261347681283951,
-0.34939855337142944,
0.1829797625541687,
-0.8668175935745239,
0.45612651109695435,
-0.1984519511461258,
0.12268014997243881,
-0.7078689932823181,
-0.3793083429336548,
0.6164621710777283,
-0.12225968390703201,
0.015088863670825958,
0.334722638130188,
0.027996230870485306,
-0.27943336963653564,
-0.05257187411189079,
0.42887231707572937,
0.27275359630584717,
-0.26750901341438293,
-0.2332901507616043,
-0.29072025418281555,
-0.03380526974797249,
0.2885197699069977,
-0.22661380469799042,
-0.5857042670249939,
0.11958146095275879,
0.016632620245218277,
0.5932983756065369,
0.23144441843032837,
0.18574723601341248,
-0.028943222016096115,
1.131134271621704,
0.3505704998970032,
-0.7409982681274414,
0.03092195838689804,
0.1318596452474594,
0.1676812767982483,
0.44559136033058167,
-0.09993761777877808,
0.6039750576019287,
0.40422481298446655,
-0.06361047178506851,
-0.10794263333082199,
-0.026703720912337303,
-5.510006904602051,
0.02594745345413685,
-0.3068598806858063,
0.34869372844696045,
1.0512473583221436,
-0.09012965112924576,
0.656587541103363,
-0.7323657274246216,
-0.3105302155017853,
-0.4981505274772644,
-0.13387684524059296,
-0.22448579967021942,
-0.381436824798584,
0.4273412227630615,
0.40794068574905396,
1.018195629119873,
0.6797950267791748,
0.11819508671760559,
0.3019273281097412,
0.27868375182151794,
-0.6234019994735718,
0.21342763304710388,
0.17000356316566467,
0.06841280311346054,
0.10179111361503601,
0.5355018973350525,
-0.676627516746521,
0.10060197114944458,
-0.9494284987449646,
-0.31327635049819946,
0.1732558012008667,
-0.39715322852134705,
-0.36538273096084595,
-0.2756657600402832,
-0.1580672562122345,
0.7766294479370117,
0.27422985434532166,
-0.07680081576108932,
-0.015828896313905716,
0.1223846822977066,
0.5955949425697327,
0.306796669960022,
0.08746618777513504,
-0.3601658046245575,
0.041206568479537964,
-0.35800638794898987,
-0.8378961682319641,
0.04462028294801712,
0.04452039301395416,
0.3014499247074127,
-0.739370584487915,
0.6982859373092651,
0.2038535326719284,
0.14792965352535248,
0.13853396475315094,
-0.17168810963630676,
0.025415778160095215,
0.12986043095588684,
0.15345263481140137,
0.00491780461743474,
0.35692891478538513,
-0.7944475412368774,
0.15303578972816467,
-0.2596369981765747,
0.18972331285476685,
-0.19135507941246033,
-0.21704477071762085,
0.450831800699234,
0.2755073606967926,
0.07611925154924393,
0.2114679217338562,
0.14172770082950592,
-0.12357668578624725,
-1.1083084344863892,
-0.40742364525794983,
-0.9364992380142212,
-0.26547151803970337,
-0.34175601601600647,
-0.2511959969997406,
0.21564236283302307,
0.08297599852085114,
-0.10985999554395676,
-0.8757420778274536,
0.6139024496078491,
0.4188249707221985,
-0.7097428441047668,
-0.6496458649635315,
-0.031042013317346573,
-0.9343803524971008,
-0.46243295073509216,
-0.4131436347961426,
-0.5890224575996399,
-0.6325464844703674,
0.14028601348400116,
0.3448871970176697,
-0.18513254821300507,
-0.1791197955608368,
0.4910864531993866,
-0.09909812361001968,
0.08943930268287659,
0.31013235449790955,
-0.5167941451072693,
-0.011888740584254265,
0.027496131137013435,
0.3442269563674927,
-0.06216180697083473,
-0.13998819887638092,
0.4613833427429199,
0.30756044387817383,
0.20423877239227295,
0.2124454379081726,
-0.23855432868003845,
-0.3155749440193176,
-0.20680876076221466,
0.29277876019477844,
-0.23650886118412018,
-0.12975692749023438,
0.6227457523345947,
-0.37724366784095764,
0.0375843346118927,
-0.0085438322275877,
-0.07742246240377426,
-0.3079390823841095,
-0.2308211624622345,
-0.38664767146110535,
-0.06388535350561142,
0.39880257844924927,
-0.5491008758544922,
-0.5386403203010559,
-0.3475555181503296,
0.35777032375335693,
0.08562129735946655,
-0.09573351591825485,
0.28649482131004333,
-0.414222776889801,
-0.14950084686279297,
-0.30926069617271423,
-0.3816002309322357,
-0.13481397926807404,
0.7211188077926636,
0.020769411697983742,
0.12226450443267822,
0.018666714429855347,
0.47084587812423706,
0.7441665530204773,
0.6481963396072388,
-0.06514446437358856,
0.36353352665901184,
-0.7666844129562378,
0.40474048256874084,
-0.2230893075466156,
-0.0403900071978569,
0.022631734609603882,
-0.35940462350845337,
0.27638736367225647,
-0.2102031111717224,
-0.32698962092399597,
0.39921289682388306,
-0.3809652030467987,
0.3457499146461487,
-0.06546273082494736,
-0.2553745210170746,
-0.36252450942993164,
-0.2530752718448639,
-0.08854030072689056,
-0.1256856769323349,
0.011030968278646469,
-0.27566027641296387,
-0.9047532081604004,
-0.2494034767150879,
0.1269819736480713,
-0.26167425513267517,
-0.8379973769187927,
0.02626929059624672,
0.5871129631996155,
0.059649161994457245,
0.09362418204545975,
0.3136335611343384,
-0.06081896275281906,
-0.11007417738437653,
-0.18325984477996826,
0.08643151819705963,
0.11490675061941147,
0.3158680200576782,
0.8805097341537476,
-0.2677825689315796,
-0.2862589657306671,
-0.545637845993042,
0.3240200877189636,
-0.8315751552581787,
-0.24079614877700806,
-0.2797102928161621,
0.3797718584537506,
0.2820788323879242,
-0.15779611468315125,
-0.7968912124633789,
0.40789589285850525,
-0.24066194891929626,
-0.28255748748779297,
-0.47798123955726624,
-0.3494548201560974,
0.5002450346946716,
-0.6777656078338623,
0.9682139158248901,
0.25204360485076904,
-0.6764727234840393,
0.1665734052658081,
0.025519343093037605,
0.0961565375328064,
0.7897435426712036,
-0.17574013769626617,
-0.7638177275657654,
0.2445259690284729,
0.4097083508968353,
-0.5567442774772644,
-0.24295441806316376,
-0.2566450834274292,
-0.4253774881362915,
-0.07597377151250839,
-0.01691037230193615,
-0.5700026750564575,
-0.43737173080444336,
-0.5051168203353882,
-0.06542099267244339,
-0.3830467760562897,
0.3657572865486145,
0.21939875185489655,
-0.6437029242515564,
0.5010266304016113,
-0.41533711552619934,
0.3877670466899872,
0.07016212493181229,
-0.08315166085958481,
0.025874076411128044,
0.22103649377822876,
-0.18575096130371094,
0.16406355798244476,
-0.24946273863315582,
-0.24323716759681702,
0.6771486401557922,
0.24126902222633362,
0.8953256011009216,
0.09061134606599808,
-1.157857894897461,
-0.05092059075832367,
0.5244386196136475,
0.24202290177345276,
0.5459275841712952,
-0.5894121527671814,
0.3311358094215393,
0.24796141684055328,
-0.08432877063751221,
-0.005762404762208462,
-0.23597684502601624,
0.2230840027332306,
-0.31064334511756897,
0.2670050263404846,
-0.26912781596183777,
-0.010968086309731007,
-0.09242337197065353,
0.605172872543335,
-0.038715872913599014,
-0.4470827877521515,
0.1249600276350975,
-0.2459004670381546,
-0.019629428163170815,
-0.10754651576280594,
-0.6169887781143188,
0.21697421371936798,
-0.5089121460914612,
0.23324747383594513,
-0.5283806920051575,
-0.33367422223091125,
0.41573771834373474,
-0.4336564242839813,
-0.012537820264697075,
-0.12028361111879349,
-0.4286416471004486,
0.7735099196434021,
-0.5039807558059692,
-0.5619356036186218,
0.3320534825325012,
0.12796269357204437,
-0.42094963788986206,
0.4006917178630829,
-0.7671248316764832,
0.16832906007766724,
0.05962143838405609,
0.20461751520633698,
0.39797571301460266,
-0.6408525705337524,
-0.7201674580574036,
0.22693124413490295,
0.18293574452400208,
-0.038002338260412216,
0.3571999967098236,
0.14828558266162872,
-0.17045755684375763,
0.1763371080160141,
-0.13705752789974213,
-0.48726221919059753,
0.7429848313331604,
0.2697809040546417,
0.19008268415927887,
0.28074881434440613,
-0.006060075014829636,
-0.5721569657325745,
-0.322769433259964,
-0.3098600208759308,
-0.321081280708313,
0.4587134122848511,
-0.3087424635887146,
0.641090989112854,
0.637499988079071,
-0.693153977394104,
-0.060392022132873535,
0.43997928500175476,
-0.4433934986591339,
-0.02455863542854786,
0.6776379346847534,
-0.5088133811950684,
0.12751464545726776,
0.32477983832359314,
-0.3124731183052063,
0.10783787071704865,
0.5989267826080322,
-0.5346834659576416,
-0.227212056517601,
-0.22656388580799103,
0.33877527713775635,
0.08898147940635681,
-0.2958253026008606,
-0.5392363667488098,
0.8316484689712524,
-0.2119276374578476,
-0.26855579018592834,
-0.022197730839252472,
-0.4701438844203949,
-0.3438604772090912,
0.2763824462890625,
0.6538872122764587,
0.5463127493858337,
-0.6085205674171448,
0.08487531542778015,
-0.6864593029022217,
-0.14229725301265717,
0.1849035620689392,
0.4931821823120117,
-0.3050173223018646,
0.6326320171356201,
0.09228721261024475,
-0.014474394731223583,
0.32662078738212585,
0.2917979657649994,
0.044505178928375244,
0.3964027762413025,
0.45743197202682495,
-0.32396161556243896,
-0.5028855800628662,
0.4113568663597107,
0.08484309911727905,
0.7728506922721863,
0.6989631652832031,
-0.08581599593162537,
-0.21705304086208344,
0.024806255474686623,
0.40754035115242004,
-0.4235464036464691,
0.17865008115768433,
0.062458816915750504,
0.03635125607252121,
0.2801380455493927,
0.2542024552822113,
-0.23246753215789795,
0.4406139850616455,
0.10395579040050507,
0.2764676809310913,
0.4621952474117279,
0.015649117529392242,
-0.42329445481300354,
0.06745798140764236,
-0.5417370200157166,
0.17100420594215393,
-0.3760329782962799,
0.451394647359848,
-0.6867322325706482,
-0.5410845279693604,
0.20556320250034332,
-0.5664840936660767,
0.125050351023674,
0.03188270330429077,
-0.6029635667800903,
-0.010463765822350979,
-0.019961735233664513,
-0.7723515629768372,
-0.09741607308387756,
0.31598374247550964,
0.9343583583831787,
0.012356421910226345,
-0.15624487400054932,
0.11438608169555664,
0.5554210543632507,
-0.34558793902397156,
0.19373707473278046,
-0.08283749222755432,
0.2492491602897644,
-0.28931474685668945,
-0.041803862899541855,
-0.5718972086906433,
0.25646302103996277,
-0.10215141624212265,
-0.004606821108609438,
-0.32424575090408325,
0.13101132214069366,
-0.4056606590747833,
1.0806474685668945,
0.19199202954769135,
0.4281505048274994,
-0.19738370180130005,
0.28349247574806213,
-0.037521880120038986,
0.3022720217704773,
0.2311055213212967,
0.7247208952903748,
0.025513801723718643,
-0.07456845045089722,
0.35549670457839966,
0.1522456258535385,
-0.6542425155639648,
0.22335295379161835,
0.40497735142707825,
0.39875462651252747,
-0.5724930167198181,
0.44108882546424866,
-0.16629451513290405,
0.3819615840911865,
0.6580255627632141,
1.3392237424850464,
-0.25980234146118164,
-0.4555366635322571,
-0.3423158526420593,
0.1752062439918518,
0.441777765750885,
0.18024107813835144,
0.5363544225692749,
0.060912325978279114,
-0.14409403502941132,
-0.5619879364967346,
-0.07038139551877975,
0.3376339375972748,
0.7022573947906494,
-0.36940714716911316,
0.28912416100502014,
-0.19726768136024475,
0.2969025671482086,
-0.27153775095939636,
-0.11810480058193207,
-0.19448861479759216,
0.2739632725715637,
0.6340106725692749
]
|
128371 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruskin%20College | Ruskin College | Ruskin College, originally known as Ruskin Hall, Oxford, is an independent educational institution in Oxford, England. It is named after the essayist, art and social critic John Ruskin (1819β1900) and specialises in providing educational opportunities for adults with few or no qualifications. The college formerly had links with the University of Oxford. Degrees taught at Ruskin were awarded by the Open University. The college planned to merge with Activate Learning from July 2021, but instead merged with the University of West London during August 2021.
Mission and purpose
The mission of the college has always been to provide educational opportunities to adults who are excluded and disadvantaged, and to transform the individuals concerned along with the communities, groups and societies from which they come, the only change having been to personalise the language (away from 'the excluded', who do not sound like people) in line with growing equalities awareness. The mission statement is twofold:
The first aim, that of giving individuals a second chance in education, continues to be achieved by admitting those with few or no formal qualifications to courses of study that can result in, or lead on to, university-level qualifications.
The second aim, the transformational element of the mission, is evidenced by the fact that the most frequent thing former students say about Ruskin is that it changed their lives. Students, whether or not they themselves are resident, benefit from studying in a setting with a strong sense of academic community and from the intensive tutorial teaching that Ruskin offers. The college is also transformational because it sees education as a vehicle for progressive social change.
Ruskin tends towards a curriculum that has high social relevance, students who want to make a difference in the world, and forms of academic scholarship and research that are engaged and applied.
Ruskin's mission is also pursued by means of strong historical links, nationally and internationally, with the labour and trade union movement, other social movements and activism around social issues (e.g., anti-ageism), as well as with local communities, for example through the Social Work and Youth and Community work programmes.
History
Ruskin College β originally known as Ruskin Hall, Oxford β was established in 1899 specifically to provide educational opportunities for working-class men, who were denied access to university. It was deliberately placed in Oxford, the city in which its young American founders, Charles A. Beard; James Alfred Dale MA (Oxon) (1875-1951), lecturer at Merton College, Oxford and later Professor of McGill and Toronto universities in Canada; and Walter Vrooman, had studied, because the city symbolised the educational privilege and standards to which ordinary people could never previously have aspired. It was Walter Vrooman's then wife, Amne (later Amne Grafflin), who financially supported the foundation of the college.
The school was envisioned as a mechanism by which "working-class reformers" could "educate themselves efficiently at nominal cost." Tuition, lodging, and board was priced at 12s 6d (Β£0.625)) per week, with a parallel correspondence course alternatively offered for 1 shilling (Β£0.05) per week plus a 1 shilling entrance fee. Courses were offered in political economy, sociology, the history of the labour movement, principles of politics, English literature, psychology, and other related aspects of the social sciences.
The school was administered by a General Council, which included elected representatives from the Parliamentary Committee of the Trades Union Congress and the Central Board of the Cooperative Union. An auxiliary organisation of supporters of the school was launched in 1901, the Ruskin Hall Educational League, which arranged conferences and public lectures in conjunction with the activities of the school.
During World War I, some of the two hundred Belgian refugees who came to Oxford were lodged in the college.
Ruskin College became, in turn, a symbol of workers' education. It served as a model for labour colleges around the world, and Gandhi made a point of visiting during a brief stay in Oxford in 1931 because he had been so inspired by the writings of John Ruskin on workers' education, just as the college founders had been.
Ruskin College was a secular sister-school to and a model for Plater College until Plater's closing in 2005.
Strike of 1909
In 1908, a group of Ruskin students, dissatisfied with its education policy which they viewed as too pro-establishment and imbued with elements of "social control", formed the Plebs' League. The students' revolt was supported by the Principal, Dennis Hird, and following his dismissal the students took strike action, refusing to attend lectures.
Post-1945
In 1970 Ruskin College hosted the UK's first National Women's Liberation Conference. The conference ran from 27 February to 1 March with between 500 and 600 people attending. British newspaper The Guardian called the conference the "biggest landmarks in British women's history". The conference organisers included Ruskin students Arielle Aberson and Sally Alexander, and historian Sheila Rowbotham. The organisers were associated with the History Workshop seminars held at the college and the conference was initially intended to focus on women's history.
Relocation of the college
A Β£17m redevelopment programme of the college's Old Headington site was completed in 2012, and the headquarters of the college moved there from the more central original site in Walton Street. The redeveloped site has a new academic building incorporating an expanded library, named the Callaghan Library in honour of former Labour Prime Minister, James Callaghan, who made a major education speech at Ruskin in 1976. The MacColl/Seeger archive has its own dedicated room within the new library. All other buildings on the site have been refurbished, the grounds have been improved and the walled garden, with its listed 'crinkle crankle wall' has been brought back into use by local volunteers. A cafeteria is open to the public.
Around this time, parts of the college's archives were controversially destroyed. The college asserted that it was legally required to dispose of the records because they contained personally identifying information.
Merger
In February 2021 the College agreed to merge with Activate Learning. In May 2021 the College Principal was suspended. In August 2021 it was announced that the College had merged with the University of West London.
College structure
Student enrolments at Ruskin in 2005β2006 reached their highest ever number in the college's history. Enrolments on long courses were 294 in total across a range of undergraduate and postgraduate programmes. Short course enrolments reached 5,187 in total, including trade union courses, residential short courses and the largest ever Summer School. In 2005β06, there were 78 full-time equivalent academic staff of whom 26 were teaching staff and 13 teaching support services staff.
Progression rates are excellent, with 87% of students on undergraduate-level Humanities courses at Ruskin having come via short courses there, and a majority of students on long courses going on to degree-level study, both at Ruskin and elsewhere. Ruskin students go on to jobs in professional, trade union and political settings, amongst others.
People
Principals
1899β1909 James Dennis Hird (1st Principal)
1909β16 Gilbert Slater
1916β25 Henry Sanderson Furniss, 1st Baron Sanderson
1926β44 Alfred Barratt Brown
1944β50 Herbert Lionel Elvin
1950β79 Herbert Delauney "Billy" Hughes
1979β89 John Hughes
1989β97 Stephen Yeo
1998β2003 James Durcan
2004β13 Audrey Mullender
2014β24 March 2016 Dr Chris Wilkes
2016βpresent Paul Di Felice
Former academics/teachers
Clement Attlee, Labour Prime Minister (1945β1951)
Paul Brodetsky, tutor in political theory and industrial relations (1963-1978)
Peter Donaldson, economist, author and broadcaster
Tom Mboya, Kenyan politician
Bill McCarthy, Lord McCarthy, Labour Party politician
Raphael Samuel, writer and historian
Henry Sanderson Furniss, Lord Sanderson (1907β1916)
David Selbourne (1966β86), writer
Notable alumni
Jack Ashley (1922β2012), Baron Ashley of Stoke, Labour Member of Parliament
Michael Berry Jr (2011β2013), actor
Judith Cummins, Labour MP for Bradford South
Ben Enwonwu, Nigerian artist
R. M. Fox, author and historian
Judy Fryd, Founder of Mencap
Jack Hilton (1900β1983), British novelist, essayist, and travel writer
JΓ³nas JΓ³nsson, Icelandic educator and politician
Sasha Johnson (born 1993) British Black Lives Matter activist and member of Taking the Initiative Party
Ross Higgins (1883β1975) Ugandan pastor and environmentalist
Roy Hughes, Baron Islwyn (1925 - 2003), former Labour MP for Newport
Lucy Lameck (1934β1992), Tanzanian politician and Minister
Tom Mboya (1930β1969), Kenya civil rights hero, Minister of Economic Planning and Development
Adams Oshiomhole, former Nigeria Labour Union President; Former Governor of Edo State, Current Chairman of the All Progressives Congress.
Walter Padley, trade union leader and Labour MP for Ogmore
John Prescott, Labour former deputy prime minister
Phil Sawford, former Labour MP for Kettering
Dennis Skinner, former Labour MP for Bolsover
Siaka Probyn Stevens, Prime Minister and President of Sierra Leone
James Walker (1883β1945), trade unionist and Labour politician
Thomas Edward Williams, 1st Baron Williams, Co-operative and Labour politician
George Woodcock, general secretary, Trade Union Congress
William Woodruff, historian and writer.
Robert Young, trade unionist, Labour Member of Parliament
Ruskin Fellowship
The Ruskin Fellowship is an alumni association for ex-Ruskin College students and staff. Independent of but associated with the college, the Fellowship aims to support the work and ethos of the college in offering university-level education to disadvantaged adults in Britain. There is also a post graduate programme and an international section involving: International Labour and Trade Union Studies; Webb and Chevening Scholars.
The Ruskin Fellowship was founded in the academic year 1911/1912 and held its first "Annual Meet" on 27 May 1912. This tradition continues with an Annual Reunion held in September of each year. The Reunion is held over a weekend and incorporates speakers on relevant topics, a social activity including a bar, music and a buffet and, on the Sunday morning of the Reunion weekend, the Fellowship's Annual General Meeting (AGM). The AGM elects an Executive Committee to run the Fellowship for the following 12 months. A history of the Fellowship was produced in 2012 to mark the centenary of the Fellowship's first "Annual Meet".
A pamphlet on The History of the College and the Fellowship During World War One has been published as part of the commemoration of the War.
Students Union
The Ruskin Students Union is known for its political and social endeavours. In January 2013, it joined a Unite Against Fascism protest at the Oxford Union when the Union invited Nick Griffin, the leader of the British National Party to speak, and it has also given support to the striking nurses in the Karen Reissmann dispute.
Notable former executive members of the RSU include John Prescott and Jack Ashley.
References
External links
Ruskin College website
Ruskin Fellowship
Historical background
New Ruskin Archives
Students Union
Educational institutions established in 1899
Education in Oxford
Buildings and structures in Oxford
John Ruskin
Open University
Organisations associated with the University of Oxford
1899 establishments in England | [
-0.11468330025672913,
-0.03219426050782204,
0.3721303343772888,
-0.724234402179718,
0.11484681069850922,
1.110140323638916,
0.5995257496833801,
0.5472673177719116,
-0.6693228483200073,
-0.07950648665428162,
-0.6935165524482727,
-0.3749333322048187,
-0.09746770560741425,
0.45404359698295593,
0.019419847056269646,
-0.375591903924942,
0.2696320414543152,
0.1590365618467331,
-0.20696671307086945,
-0.46852943301200867,
-0.19570986926555634,
0.44445204734802246,
-0.12341786921024323,
0.36939185857772827,
0.21997466683387756,
-0.20390917360782623,
0.34568414092063904,
-0.3821417987346649,
-0.3270900845527649,
-0.039439909160137177,
0.307553231716156,
0.273249089717865,
0.1535824090242386,
-0.46104204654693604,
-0.2635611891746521,
-0.3313521444797516,
-0.016919821500778198,
-0.3907589316368103,
0.03860392048954964,
-0.19749782979488373,
0.04592772573232651,
-0.2699524760246277,
0.39289534091949463,
0.29144200682640076,
-0.31326064467430115,
-0.7135599851608276,
-1.098945140838623,
0.6022322773933411,
-0.6472583413124084,
0.20405572652816772,
0.05013655126094818,
0.7468079924583435,
0.5787228345870972,
-0.2701423466205597,
0.19053377211093903,
0.5579466223716736,
-0.64911949634552,
0.09546884894371033,
0.4018286466598511,
-0.3465389907360077,
0.39360639452934265,
0.7981827855110168,
0.22120924293994904,
0.830978512763977,
-0.38316667079925537,
-0.2926159203052521,
-0.200203537940979,
0.10951251536607742,
-0.7216540575027466,
-0.16284987330436707,
0.018184969201683998,
0.08236981928348541,
-0.5559467673301697,
0.07775430381298065,
-0.6063188314437866,
-0.978053092956543,
0.17241625487804413,
0.36716583371162415,
0.5954575538635254,
0.23051145672798157,
0.517190158367157,
0.17920339107513428,
0.14964018762111664,
0.3508736789226532,
0.8506195545196533,
0.5302167534828186,
-1.1637016534805298,
-0.14919868111610413,
-0.04100918397307396,
0.13819946348667145,
-0.07579625397920609,
0.03404372185468674,
-0.08689233660697937,
0.06972955912351608,
-0.0742703527212143,
-0.06356567144393921,
-0.36566483974456787,
0.1399623602628708,
0.07543650269508362,
-0.2341972440481186,
-0.7899565100669861,
0.4758835732936859,
0.27154356241226196,
-0.09151826798915863,
-0.3663595914840698,
-0.2193339765071869,
-0.9295980930328369,
-0.7122549414634705,
0.020211953669786453,
0.14449764788150787,
-0.9148341417312622,
0.1167389303445816,
-0.05154843255877495,
0.23339509963989258,
0.031119370833039284,
-0.0009398684487678111,
-0.06115107238292694,
-0.5450719594955444,
-0.5037175416946411,
0.04111766070127487,
-0.25749263167381287,
0.6284506916999817,
-0.17357808351516724,
0.567663848400116,
-0.09579135477542877,
0.22870101034641266,
0.3319661021232605,
0.41270214319229126,
-0.9103297591209412,
-0.313902348279953,
0.5218773484230042,
0.7436673045158386,
0.034718818962574005,
0.08480414748191833,
-0.20307976007461548,
0.6930893063545227,
-0.005567341111600399,
-0.26275789737701416,
-0.20212656259536743,
0.5136556625366211,
-0.7340014576911926,
-0.34210726618766785,
-0.5166106224060059,
0.0278168898075819,
0.29475146532058716,
-0.2562703490257263,
-0.2919132113456726,
-0.24121473729610443,
-0.35714343190193176,
-0.0932115837931633,
0.18232233822345734,
0.4986659586429596,
-0.4747578203678131,
-0.1184542179107666,
-0.29229751229286194,
0.6323081851005554,
0.3164654076099396,
0.0015898706624284387,
0.1789296716451645,
-0.01613474451005459,
-0.525092601776123,
-0.045321375131607056,
0.44653570652008057,
-0.2411758303642273,
-0.058416567742824554,
-0.214995875954628,
0.28475338220596313,
-0.1824570596218109,
-0.7003561854362488,
0.2827393710613251,
-0.6732850670814514,
-0.009173031896352768,
0.8836175799369812,
-0.2722667157649994,
0.41305601596832275,
-0.4875548779964447,
0.39864370226860046,
0.16882723569869995,
0.7474738359451294,
-0.4700492322444916,
-0.6531087160110474,
0.3705417811870575,
0.2553184926509857,
0.2191525399684906,
-0.3523676097393036,
0.22884541749954224,
-0.04788285866379738,
0.1874706745147705,
-0.2143956422805786,
0.2803119421005249,
-0.6028333306312561,
-1.0262775421142578,
-0.3911074101924896,
-0.13700450956821442,
1.1543864011764526,
-0.260497510433197,
-0.8536978960037231,
0.9578723907470703,
-0.5826948881149292,
0.8188619613647461,
-0.07637714594602585,
-0.06370697170495987,
-0.5758084654808044,
-0.5913301706314087,
-0.058757930994033813,
-0.01150782685726881,
0.13410355150699615,
0.003748864633962512,
0.592687726020813,
0.3603734076023102,
-0.2701030969619751,
-0.7320408225059509,
0.4317338168621063,
0.3060246407985687,
0.2742002308368683,
-0.013757691718637943,
-0.4771013855934143,
-0.0014387397095561028,
0.30050626397132874,
-0.4268006384372711,
1.0980556011199951,
-0.27920177578926086,
0.5367411971092224,
0.2531017065048218,
-0.02787548117339611,
0.09960248321294785,
0.37039685249328613,
0.26396089792251587,
0.38616707921028137,
-0.5879440903663635,
0.4214651584625244,
0.11400341242551804,
-0.2577613592147827,
-0.2934311032295227,
-0.24892091751098633,
-0.6078796982765198,
-0.3642502725124359,
0.1345166116952896,
0.6461976766586304,
-0.06395508348941803,
-0.1616387665271759,
0.09678785502910614,
-0.7595535516738892,
0.4165051281452179,
0.11386968940496445,
-0.40560510754585266,
0.132789745926857,
0.25460371375083923,
-0.22147895395755768,
-0.6007727980613708,
0.3018540143966675,
-0.09696419537067413,
0.21147559583187103,
0.24337564408779144,
0.045115843415260315,
-0.05628633499145508,
-0.06435678154230118,
-0.011355605907738209,
0.4062553644180298,
-0.02252410538494587,
-0.27932271361351013,
0.38641536235809326,
0.009433620609343052,
0.06696125119924545,
0.06863779574632645,
-0.04357461258769035,
-0.6102698445320129,
-0.7551367282867432,
0.322115957736969,
-0.01987871341407299,
0.2645322382450104,
-0.13803282380104065,
-0.15866075456142426,
0.2799692153930664,
-0.40239015221595764,
0.00411630654707551,
0.413139671087265,
-0.05651266872882843,
-0.7343059182167053,
-0.3859286308288574,
-0.008799138478934765,
0.3857710659503937,
-0.6622658967971802,
-0.55071622133255,
-0.2329968810081482,
0.13740792870521545,
-0.3489075303077698,
0.12496060878038406,
-0.19980885088443756,
-0.25494787096977234,
-0.13852734863758087,
0.6394900679588318,
-0.05905834585428238,
0.20396003127098083,
0.09612195938825607,
0.41321390867233276,
-0.12415792047977448,
-0.13236300647258759,
0.07908646017313004,
0.010853011161088943,
-0.154816135764122,
0.464598685503006,
0.12357166409492493,
0.20344114303588867,
0.35862264037132263,
-0.39465662837028503,
-0.24479559063911438,
0.1387757807970047,
-5.679449558258057,
-0.07727063447237015,
-0.535608172416687,
0.5531975030899048,
1.1645328998565674,
-0.5406997799873352,
0.4291309416294098,
-0.2028798907995224,
0.21500320732593536,
-0.43161970376968384,
-0.46060794591903687,
-0.07152778655290604,
-0.3515331447124481,
0.40205657482147217,
0.23892919719219208,
0.8164976239204407,
0.5118799805641174,
0.13802483677864075,
-0.27196505665779114,
0.7108625173568726,
-0.34561219811439514,
0.10725658386945724,
-0.07507850974798203,
0.7852122187614441,
-0.09856462478637695,
0.7910747528076172,
-0.3071492612361908,
0.14993129670619965,
-0.4316403865814209,
-0.42456236481666565,
0.12671895325183868,
-0.3396023213863373,
0.1842862367630005,
-0.4167637526988983,
0.2865457236766815,
0.18651099503040314,
0.5038096904754639,
0.4802863299846649,
-0.029480870813131332,
0.18540745973587036,
0.535987377166748,
-0.04300509765744209,
-0.05255857855081558,
-0.11025635153055191,
0.30651745200157166,
-0.6789073348045349,
-0.5004990100860596,
0.17321497201919556,
-0.3028525114059448,
0.3548875153064728,
-0.46142810583114624,
0.4694933295249939,
0.41778233647346497,
0.2649042308330536,
-0.2574644982814789,
-0.3635070025920868,
0.23220178484916687,
0.16576744616031647,
0.6611176133155823,
-0.045234743505716324,
0.29238203167915344,
-0.4228898584842682,
0.3486982583999634,
-0.3173578083515167,
-0.6147589087486267,
-0.12720979750156403,
0.04489989951252937,
0.5625951290130615,
0.2410978227853775,
0.08085432648658752,
-0.14660894870758057,
0.4507007598876953,
-0.3076106607913971,
-0.9525195956230164,
-0.2882145345211029,
-0.36243578791618347,
-0.0689583495259285,
-0.22028855979442596,
0.31995484232902527,
0.10839082300662994,
-0.0704139843583107,
0.07919162511825562,
0.1658785194158554,
0.578545093536377,
-0.09630444645881653,
-0.8202370405197144,
-0.13011768460273743,
0.27552491426467896,
-0.7452672123908997,
-0.45299193263053894,
0.1183653473854065,
-0.14178161323070526,
-0.05473656952381134,
0.3090069591999054,
0.7299055457115173,
-0.17420656979084015,
-0.14354167878627777,
0.45112544298171997,
-0.2716526985168457,
0.17424997687339783,
0.3522447347640991,
-0.6807733178138733,
-0.27507299184799194,
-0.03015371598303318,
-0.14081330597400665,
0.11321311444044113,
-0.33481812477111816,
0.4159879982471466,
0.5197502374649048,
0.39166274666786194,
0.5131722092628479,
-0.361952543258667,
-0.6384649872779846,
0.08138313889503479,
-0.030927937477827072,
0.06835727393627167,
0.24511727690696716,
-0.08289743214845657,
-0.473266065120697,
0.5102719664573669,
0.0276084803044796,
-0.024603772908449173,
0.0330343134701252,
0.037309590727090836,
-0.07280204445123672,
-0.3513016402721405,
0.31642308831214905,
-0.2591378688812256,
-0.2818099558353424,
-0.22977648675441742,
0.46200114488601685,
0.030401475727558136,
-0.24280276894569397,
0.11175711452960968,
-0.02926058880984783,
0.07471415400505066,
-0.062383633106946945,
0.02238033153116703,
0.03915184736251831,
0.1486082375049591,
-0.15548793971538544,
-0.14007768034934998,
0.1256168931722641,
-0.040425971150398254,
0.14696715772151947,
0.6184733510017395,
0.011671542190015316,
0.6072553992271423,
-0.5877963900566101,
0.5599658489227295,
-0.30579355359077454,
-0.4349775016307831,
-0.11324778199195862,
0.2816329300403595,
0.38333189487457275,
-0.2804018557071686,
-0.5398135185241699,
0.12191218137741089,
0.223677858710289,
-0.09712697565555573,
-0.3052828311920166,
-0.19950702786445618,
-0.7693762183189392,
-0.5049079060554504,
0.003818002063781023,
0.286877304315567,
-0.1921013742685318,
-0.49512505531311035,
-0.5311629772186279,
0.48607632517814636,
-0.006098712794482708,
-0.34403833746910095,
-0.5073007345199585,
-0.15589408576488495,
0.5769659280776978,
0.10298853367567062,
-0.20804724097251892,
-0.2942565381526947,
0.030227966606616974,
-0.07609409838914871,
0.6556758880615234,
-0.06396160274744034,
0.10005683451890945,
0.25573664903640747,
0.7702836990356445,
-0.1553969383239746,
-0.5174538493156433,
-0.4499479830265045,
0.3213442265987396,
-0.33647066354751587,
-0.3569026291370392,
-0.03147595748305321,
0.41830581426620483,
0.6154463887214661,
-0.36808112263679504,
-0.5203371644020081,
-0.18005163967609406,
0.27535396814346313,
-0.3087117075920105,
-0.05885931849479675,
-0.20600026845932007,
0.41729405522346497,
-0.6325244903564453,
0.2978992164134979,
0.285335510969162,
-0.39441365003585815,
0.21139493584632874,
-0.09208173304796219,
0.23115397989749908,
0.17986562848091125,
-0.32618650794029236,
-0.6294630765914917,
0.025147322565317154,
0.3836841583251953,
-1.02218496799469,
-0.1255568414926529,
-0.23038172721862793,
-0.3121444582939148,
-0.49879807233810425,
0.022544294595718384,
-0.7356780171394348,
-0.3740854263305664,
-0.41708001494407654,
0.005115136969834566,
-0.3968315124511719,
0.5056840777397156,
0.35196056962013245,
-0.3745308518409729,
0.39629778265953064,
-0.03482184559106827,
0.45165354013442993,
-0.6925914883613586,
-0.04463913291692734,
0.1847132295370102,
1.0305590629577637,
-0.1588491052389145,
0.24349045753479004,
0.03689636290073395,
-0.17802168428897858,
0.1402881145477295,
0.4070931375026703,
1.0357097387313843,
-0.14219222962856293,
-0.4008137583732605,
-0.19233347475528717,
0.12742546200752258,
0.36279070377349854,
0.22695140540599823,
-0.45973461866378784,
0.19881224632263184,
0.6643021106719971,
-0.5091633200645447,
-0.15328750014305115,
-0.2953431010246277,
-0.17585867643356323,
-0.4238044023513794,
0.5247576832771301,
-0.012548920698463917,
-0.08923429250717163,
0.17925670742988586,
0.5002667307853699,
0.2723628580570221,
-0.7757920026779175,
-0.16206280887126923,
-0.24041828513145447,
0.13231903314590454,
-0.30244308710098267,
-0.6588163375854492,
0.26224884390830994,
-0.7368545532226562,
0.6206127405166626,
-0.30100464820861816,
-0.018475471064448357,
0.7349496483802795,
-0.12852396070957184,
0.34939295053482056,
-0.17187996208667755,
-0.928227424621582,
0.8675869703292847,
-0.17982596158981323,
-0.8918735980987549,
0.406055748462677,
0.2542104125022888,
-0.6278280019760132,
0.2914935052394867,
-0.7154128551483154,
0.24025368690490723,
-0.0271674245595932,
-0.34124788641929626,
0.24194827675819397,
-0.19634149968624115,
-0.5155525803565979,
-0.061231449246406555,
0.4566481113433838,
-0.2654867470264435,
-0.24664632976055145,
0.1940062791109085,
-0.1262318193912506,
0.6205660700798035,
-0.029478682205080986,
-0.7704792618751526,
0.9101081490516663,
0.48601722717285156,
0.14912931621074677,
0.6079564690589905,
0.09574895352125168,
-0.4295390844345093,
0.2421390861272812,
0.0010907897958531976,
-0.11936171352863312,
0.4602000415325165,
-0.3092954158782959,
0.4646480083465576,
0.33436116576194763,
-0.4176449477672577,
-0.2235954999923706,
0.08658500015735626,
-0.8891361951828003,
0.3498879373073578,
0.2481449395418167,
-0.18511879444122314,
0.7728772163391113,
0.0734998881816864,
0.14199836552143097,
0.03481171652674675,
0.903609037399292,
-0.5459135174751282,
-0.06279265880584717,
0.1380331963300705,
0.2909303605556488,
-0.2168050855398178,
-0.15702049434185028,
-0.09404931962490082,
0.8718604445457458,
-0.01787637546658516,
-0.19835396111011505,
-0.0779879093170166,
-0.9820476174354553,
-0.33449897170066833,
0.4949898421764374,
0.2929340898990631,
0.5447452664375305,
-0.17546948790550232,
0.19570939242839813,
-0.7523001432418823,
0.26049134135246277,
0.33736535906791687,
0.1708638221025467,
-0.44081994891166687,
0.24278758466243744,
0.3506406843662262,
-0.007304210681468248,
0.40979889035224915,
-0.3373922109603882,
-0.294804185628891,
0.45214733481407166,
0.17367874085903168,
-0.5095144510269165,
-0.7406120300292969,
-0.09869266301393509,
0.20397481322288513,
0.6058451533317566,
0.6934511065483093,
-0.340520977973938,
-0.1564161777496338,
-0.06573350727558136,
0.7956761717796326,
-0.6411471366882324,
0.0814124345779419,
0.10650487244129181,
0.33546218276023865,
0.5045114159584045,
0.4255490303039551,
-0.4205856919288635,
0.23801133036613464,
0.6294988989830017,
0.4825645387172699,
0.7394825220108032,
0.14297370612621307,
-0.2948257625102997,
-0.3285183012485504,
0.019929593428969383,
0.041839804500341415,
-0.260647177696228,
-0.2870781123638153,
-0.8297796845436096,
-0.32808348536491394,
0.295335978269577,
-0.6111579537391663,
-0.2702389657497406,
-0.2131543606519699,
-0.7880508899688721,
0.10920660942792892,
0.38546374440193176,
-0.44717109203338623,
-0.45599833130836487,
-0.04658200219273567,
0.38478904962539673,
0.3782045543193817,
0.03555135801434517,
0.11884114891290665,
-0.12039512395858765,
-0.21547842025756836,
0.5252519249916077,
-0.6717974543571472,
0.37880653142929077,
-0.3195987939834595,
0.04563767835497856,
-0.285489946603775,
0.4806603491306305,
0.4045083522796631,
0.29259705543518066,
-0.07399556785821915,
0.09297511726617813,
-0.1294025480747223,
0.8954228758811951,
0.81252521276474,
-0.040299464017152786,
-0.3865366280078888,
0.11089936643838882,
-0.0777391642332077,
0.2824837863445282,
0.028326431289315224,
0.4551998972892761,
-0.16148056089878082,
0.00470460020005703,
-0.16039115190505981,
0.7795432209968567,
-0.4036465585231781,
0.6125930547714233,
-0.012432646937668324,
0.23901772499084473,
-0.5001623630523682,
0.45785167813301086,
-0.008383110165596008,
0.43828603625297546,
0.5618239045143127,
0.9970215559005737,
0.22358877956867218,
-0.6561204791069031,
-0.08614305406808853,
0.11199433356523514,
0.45518749952316284,
-0.0701800212264061,
0.15422359108924866,
0.006645340472459793,
0.11014703661203384,
0.09034374356269836,
-0.5111410617828369,
0.6337398886680603,
0.36346113681793213,
-0.6910526752471924,
0.471510112285614,
-0.25437283515930176,
-0.17127108573913574,
-0.23674172163009644,
-0.0004253648512531072,
-0.5291663408279419,
0.25856539607048035,
0.5960327386856079
]
|
128372 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Queen%27s%20College%2C%20Oxford | The Queen's College, Oxford | The Queen's College is a constituent college of the University of Oxford, England. The college was founded in 1341 by Robert de Eglesfield in honour of Queen Philippa of Hainault (wife of King Edward III of England). It is distinguished by its predominantly neoclassical architecture, which includes buildings designed by Sir Christopher Wren and Nicholas Hawksmoor.
In 2018, the college had an endowment of Β£291 million, making it the fourth-wealthiest college (after Christ Church, St. John's, and All Souls).
History
The college was founded in 1341 as "Hall of the Queen's scholars of Oxford" by Robert de Eglesfield (d'Eglesfield), chaplain to Queen Philippa of Hainault (the wife of King Edward III of England), after whom the hall was named. Robert's aim was to provide clergymen for his native Cumberland and where he lived in Westmorland (both part of modern Cumbria). In addition, the college was to provide charity for the poor. The college's coat of arms is that of the founder; it differs slightly from his family's coat of arms, which did not include the gold star on the breast of the first eagle. The current coat of arms was adopted by d'Eglesfield because he was unable to use his family's arms, being the younger son. d'Eglesfield had grand plans for the college, with a provost, twelve fellows studying theology, up to thirteen chaplains, and seventy-two poor boys. However, the college did not have the funding to support such numbers, and initially had just two fellows.
The college gained land and patronage in the mid-15th century, giving it a good endowment and allowing it to expand to 10 fellows by the end of the century. By 1500, the college had started to take paying undergraduates, typically sons of the gentry and middle class, who paid the fellows for teaching. There were 14 of these in 1535; by 1612, this had risen to 194. The college added lectureships in Greek and philosophy. Provost Henry Robinson obtained an Act of Parliament incorporating the college as "The Queen's College" in 1585, so Robinson is known as the second founder.
Following the new foundation, the college had a good reputation and flourished until the 1750s. Joseph Williamson, who had been admitted as a poor boy and went on to become a fellow, rose to Secretary of State and amassed a fortune. He funded a new range on Queen's Lane built in 1671β72. Following a bequest of books from Thomas Barlow, a new library was built between 1693 and 1696 by master builder John Townesend. A further bequest from Williamson of Β£6,000, along with purchase of the buildings along the High Street, allowed a new front quad to be built and for the remaining medieval buildings to be replaced. This was completed by 1759 by John's son William Townesend. The college gained a large number of benefactions during this time, which helped to pay for the buildings and bring in more scholars from other, mostly northern, towns.
From the 1750s, as with other Oxford colleges, standards dropped. The Oxford commission of 1850β1859 revised the statutes and removed the northern preference for fellows and most of the students. Over the coming years, requirements for fellows to be unmarried were relaxed, the number of fellows required to have taken orders and studied theology was reduced, and in 1871 the Universities Tests Act allowed non-conformists and Catholics.
Like many of Oxford's colleges, Queen's admitted its first mixed-sex cohort in 1979, after more than six centuries as an institution for men only.
Naming
The college is named for its first patroness, Queen Philippa of Hainault (1314β1369, the wife of King Edward III). Established in January 1341 'under the name of the Hall of the Queen's scholars of Oxford' (sub nomine aule scholarium Regine de Oxon), the college was subsequently called the 'Queen's Hall', 'Queenhall' and 'Queen's College'. An Act of 1585 sought to end this confusion by providing that it should be called by the one name "the Queen's College"; in practice, the definite article is usually omitted. The full name of the College, as indicated in its annual reports, is The Provost and Scholars of The Queenβs College in the University of Oxford. Queens' College in Cambridge positions its apostrophe differently and has no article, as it was named for multiple Queens (Margaret of Anjou, the wife of King Henry VI, and Elizabeth Woodville, the wife of King Edward IV).
In popular culture
In April 2012, as part of the celebrations of the Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II, a series of commemorative stamps was released featuring A-Z pictures of famous British landmarks. The Queen's College's front quad was used on the Q stamp, alongside other landmarks such as the Angel of the North on A and the Old Bailey on O.
Traditions
One of the most famous feasts of the College is the Boar's Head Gaudy, which originally was the Christmas dinner for members of the College who were unable to return home to the north of England over the Christmas break between terms, but is now a feast for old members of the College on the Saturday before Christmas.
Buildings
Front Quad
The main entrance on the High Street leads to the front quad, which was built between 1709 and 1759. There are symmetrical ranges on the east and west sides, while at the back of the quad is a building containing the chapel and the hall. Nicholas Hawksmoor provided a number of designs that were not used directly but that heavily influenced the final design. In the cupola above the college entrance is a statue of Caroline of Ansbach (wife of George II) by the sculptor Henry Cheere; the legend 'Carolina Regina, Nov. 12, 1733' may be found marking the laying of the foundation stone of the screen wall, which is visible from the High Street.
Back Quad
A second and older quad lies to the north of the hall and chapel. The west side consists of the library. The east side is the Williamson building, which was originally built to a design by Christopher Wren but has been largely rebuilt since then.
Chapel
The chapel is noted for its Frobenius organ in the west gallery. It was installed in 1965, replacing a Rushworth and Dreaper organ from 1931. The earliest mention of an organ is 1826. The Chapel Choir has been described as "Oxford's finest mixed-voice choir" and continues to perform termly concerts, recent examples of which include Handel's Messiah and Bach's St John Passion. The chapel has stood virtually unchanged since it was consecrated by the Archbishop of York in 1719.
Holy Communion is celebrated every Sunday morning and at other times, and is open to all communicant members of any Christian church or denomination. The Sunday evening service takes the traditional form of Choral Evensong, which is also held on Wednesday and Friday evenings during term. Morning and evening prayer is said daily, and at other times some like to use the stillness for their own prayer. Baptisms, confirmations, and weddings are also conducted for members or former members of the College.
Library
The Upper Library
The Upper Library has been a focal point for the College ever since its construction at the end of the 17th century. Unlike many other similar rooms in Oxford libraries, the Upper Library remains as a silent reading room for students open during staffed hours.
Eighteenth Century Globes and Orrery
On display in the middle of the library are two eighteenth century papier machΓ© Senex globes and an orrery from the same period. John Senex was the foremost globe maker of the eighteenth century, and also crafted the miniature globe featured in the orrery. The globes are now found in cases that were designed and fitted by Welsh furniture designer Bernard Allen in 2007, after being removed from the library for a period of time in 2002 for structural repair and restoration by renowned English globe conservator Sylvia Sumira.
The Benjamin Cole orrery was a gift to the College from a Group of Gentleman Commoners of the College, recorded in two entries in the Benefactorsβ Book in April, 1694, as well as on an inscription in the lunar calendar scale. The instrument is made of brass, steel, and wood, contained within a wooden case and resting on a mahogany stand with a glazed cover. Johnathan Betts, in an Excerpt from A report following the servicing and inspection of The Queenβs College Grand Orrery in 2016, describes the instrument as standingon a fine mahogany table with six finely carved cabriole legs, the whole covered with a multi-panelled protective glass shade which can be locked securely onto the table, preventing access to the orrery.In the same article, Betts illustrates the orrery,fitted in a mahogany twelve-sided case, with lacquered brass mounts and surmounted, on a brass pillared gallery, with a large lacquered brass hemispherical armillary structure. The mechanical orrery itself incorporates within its compass the solar system out to Mars, including the Earth and Moon, with additional mountings fixed on the outside of the case for attaching static models of Jupiter and Saturn.The turning of the orrery is a traditional event at Queen's, done by hand only once every few years or on special occasions. Only two people are permitted to turn the orrery: the Patroness of the College, a position most recently occupied by The Queen Mother, and the Sedleian Professor of Natural Philosophy, a Fellow of Queenβs. This event most recently took place on the 4th of February, 2020, during the Hilary term, with Professor Jonathan Keating as the honorary orrery-turner.
The Lower and New Libraries
The open cloister below the Upper Library was enclosed in the 19th century to form the Lower Library, which now houses the bulk of the lending collection. The lending collection consists of around 50,000 with an additional 70,000 items in the special collections available by appointment. In April 2017 the New Library opened beneath the Provost's Garden, with an official opening by Old Member Rowan Atkinson taking place in November of the same year.
Annexes
Queen's is able to provide accommodation for all of its undergraduates, who are divided between the college's main buildings and annexes nearby. Adjacent to college is Carrodus Quad, located just across Queen's Lane. It has been completely refurbished, and now has approximately 80 en-suite rooms for first-year students, as well as a few second- and third-/final-year students with access requirements. The building also houses a conference room, one of the college's music practice rooms (the other one being located in the Back Quad of the main college), and the college gym. The college also owns the Cardo Building opposite the Oxford University Sports centre on Iffley Road (where Roger Bannister ran the first ever four-minute mile in 1954). This building is home to a mixture of second and third years, and features a common room, breakfast room and the college's two squash courts. Near the Cardo Building is the James Street Building, the smallest of the annexes with twelve rooms.
The Florey Building in St Clement's, designed by James Stirling and named after former Queen's Provost and Nobel Prize winner Howard Florey, is a former annex that housed most of the college's first years until 2018, when it fell into disuse following complications that arose in attempts to refurbish the building. It contains nearly 80 rooms; those on the top floor have a mezzanine level where the students' beds were located. At one end of the building on the ground floor, there is a common room and a breakfast room. Following the closure of the Florey Building in 2018, the former post-graduate annex, St Aldate's House, became the largest undergraduate annex at Queen's, with three floors, 90 en suite rooms, and kitchens shared with up to nine other students. The annex is situated down St Aldate's directly opposite the Christ Church Meadows, near Folly Bridge.
While many postgraduate students choose to live outside College accommodation, two postgraduates annexes are provided: Oxley-Wright House, which is owned by the College, and a portion of the Venneit Close complex, which is rented from North Oxford Property Services (NOPS). The former is a large Victorian house on Banbury Road, near Summertown, with 13 rooms and a large garden. None of the rooms are en suite, and there are 3 bathrooms in the building, each shared between approximately 4 people. The latter includes 18 apartments, each with three study bedrooms, two bathrooms, a kitchen (with a washing machine) and a dining/sitting room. Both annexes are within a 10- to 20-minute walk from the city centre.
Gallery
Student life
Queen's is an active community performing strongly in intercollegiate sport competitions, having a variety of societies and, as one of the larger colleges, hosting triennial Commemoration balls. The 2007 ball coincided with the 666th anniversary of the college.
Queen's is host to a number of dining, drinking and sports societies, as well as some which are more academically orientated such as a medical society.
The JCR, MCR, and Old Taberdar's Room
The Junior Common Room (JCR) consists of the collective body of undergraduates at the college, and also refers to the room under the same name, located in the Back Quad, which is the only common room in the college that cannot be booked. The JCR is not to be confused with the JCR Executive members (known commonly as the "JCR exec"), which consist of a President, Vice President, the Chair, Treasurer, Welfare Reps (male and female), Entertainment Reps (Entz), Environment and Ethics Rep (E&E), Arts Rep, Access and Outreach Rep (A&O), Charities Rep, Disabilities Rep, Student Union Rep (SU), Food Reps, Academics and Careers Rep, and Internationals Rep. Non-committee roles include the Bike Rep, and the Keeper of the Bees, Boars, and Eagles. As of 2020, Webmasters have also been inaugurated as a new role in the Exec.
The Middle Common Room (MCR) refers to the postgraduates of the college. Like the JCR, the MCR have an Executive team, which includes the President, Victualler, Vice-President Secretary, Treasurer, Social Secretary, SCR Liaison Officer, LGBTQ+ Officer, Welfare Officer, Environment and Charities Representative, IT Officer, Sports Secretary, Oxford SU Representative, First Year Representative, and Entz Representative (the last four positions being empty as of 2020). The MCR and JCR will often liaise with one another in order to organise events in the college.
The Old Taberdar's Room is a room unique to Queen's, described by the college asa traditional wood-panelled room, furnished with comfortable sofas and chairs. The room is ideal as a lounge space or for informal discussion based session.It is open for use by all members of the college, though it is possible to book it for events such as welcome drinks, pre-dinner drinks, student production rehearsals, and society meetings. A Taberdar is specifically "a holder of a scholarship at Queen's College, Oxford".
Sport
The college playing field, less than a mile from the main buildings, runs down to the banks of the Isis. It has a football and a hockey pitch, together with hard tennis courts, a netball court and a pavilion. The football ground is nicknamed Fortress Riverside by the club and its supporters, owing to its close proximity to the Isis . Queen's College shares a rugby pitch nearby with University College. In the summer, the goalposts go down and a cricket square appears in the middle.
On the opposite bank of the river is a boathouse, shared with two other colleges. The college's two squash courts are located at the Cardo Building on Iffley Road. The college has a designated table tennis room.
College sport is organised and funded through the Amalgamated Sports Clubs Committee, consisting of individual club captains and other representatives of college sport. The Queen's College competes in most of the intercollegiate Cuppers (tournament style) and league sports, with many 1st teams competing in top divisions.
The College is notable for having one of the oldest boat clubs in the world, along with many other colleges. In 1837, the Queen's College Boat Club represented Oxford in a Boat Race against Lady Margaret Boat Club, representing Cambridge, and won. This event, held on the River Thames at Henley-on-Thames, is credited with contributing to support from the town for the establishment of the Henley Royal Regatta, one of the most famous rowing events in the world, in 1839. The college's colours were changed thereafter from red and white to navy blue and white, the colours of the university. Rowing is still a major sport in the College, with the second men's boat winning blades in Torpids 2015.
Music
The Queen's College is host to a mixed-voice Chapel Choir. The singers include Choral Scholars (up to eighteen at any one time) and volunteers, all of whom are auditioned. The Choir sings Evensong three times a week during term, and performs one major concert each term, often with a noted orchestral ensemble. The choir also undertakes regular tours and short visits both within this country and abroad. The Eglesfield Musical Society, named after the founder, is the oldest musical society in Oxford. It organises a substantial series of concerts each year, ranging from chamber music to orchestral works.
College Grace
As is the case with many Oxbridge colleges, Queen's uses a Latin grace which is recited every evening before the second sitting of dinner:
Benedic nobis, Domine Deus, et his donis, quae ex liberalitate Tua sumpturi sumus; per Jesum Christum Dominum nostrum. Amen.
A rough English translation: "Bless us, Lord God, and these gifts which we are about to receive through your bounty; through Jesus Christ, our Lord, Amen"
At gaudy dinners this grace is sung by the choir.
Notable alumni
Tony Abbott, 28th Prime Minister of Australia
Joseph Addison, co-founder of The Spectator
Rowan Atkinson, actor and comedian, known for Blackadder and Mr. Bean
Michael Barber FRS, chemist and mass spectrometrist
Jeremy Bentham, English philosopher, and legal and social reformer
Tim Berners-Lee, inventor of the World Wide Web and director of the World Wide Web Consortium
Wilfred Bion, British psychoanalyst
Christopher Bland, British businessman and politician
Cory Booker, United States Senator from New Jersey
Vere Gordon Childe, Australian archaeologist
Clayton Christensen, American business academic known for coining "disruptive innovation"
John Crewdson, Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist for The New York Times
Ernest Dowson, English poet and prose writer
Alfred Enoch, British actor
Eric Garcetti, Mayor of Los Angeles
Herbert Branston Gray, educationalist
Leonard Hoffmann, Baron Hoffmann, English jurist and judge
Edmund Halley, English astronomer
Fred Halliday, Irish academic, Fellow of the British Academy, Montague Burton Professor of International Relations at London School of Economics
John Heath-Stubbs, English poet and editor
King Henry V of England
Edwin Powell Hubble, American astronomer
Ruth Kelly, former UK Cabinet and Government Minister
Kenneth Leighton, twentieth-century English composer
Thomas Middleton, English Jacobean playwright and poet
David Moule-Evans, twentieth-century English composer
David Oliver, Geriatrician. Professor of Medicine for Older People at City University. Former National Clinical Director for Older People Department of Health. President British Geriatrics Society. Visiting Fellow The King's Fund
John Owen, seventeenth-century English theologian
Brian Paddick, twice Liberal Democrat candidate for Mayor of London
Walter Horatio Pater, English essayist
Richard Rampton, barrister in high-profile cases such as Irving v Penguin Books and Lipstadt, which was the subject of the film Denial
Ryan Max Riley, United States Ski Team skier
Gilbert Ryle, British philosopher
Oliver Sacks, neurologist and writer
Leopold Stokowski, conductor
Claire Taylor MBE, English cricketer
William Thomson, Archbishop of York
John Wycliffe, English theologian
Adam Zamoyski, historian and author
See also
Fellows of The Queen's College, Oxford
List of Provosts of The Queen's College, Oxford
Queens' College, Cambridge
Daniel Faraday and The Constant in Lost
List of Honorary Fellows of The Queen's College, Oxford
The Neda Agha-Soltan Graduate Scholarship
References
External links
Virtual Tour of the Queen's College
Queen's College JCR
Queen's College MCR
1341 establishments in England
Colleges of the University of Oxford
Educational institutions established in the 14th century
Grade I listed buildings in Oxford
Grade I listed educational buildings
Nicholas Hawksmoor buildings
Organisations based in Oxford with royal patronage
Buildings and structures of the University of Oxford | [
-0.07708828896284103,
0.5455847382545471,
0.4666767716407776,
-0.8819890022277832,
-0.05216286703944206,
0.8687184453010559,
0.9154546856880188,
0.896816611289978,
-0.8764415383338928,
-0.2901884615421295,
-0.4266297221183777,
-0.1737709492444992,
0.36374643445014954,
0.232848659157753,
0.4533708691596985,
-0.4035629630088806,
0.39619290828704834,
0.46447935700416565,
0.3207281827926636,
-1.1295619010925293,
0.02342694066464901,
0.25394344329833984,
-0.3295539617538452,
0.32729142904281616,
0.23222258687019348,
0.003544841893017292,
0.38815099000930786,
0.03000895492732525,
-0.06141125038266182,
-0.4637981355190277,
0.6406877636909485,
0.14818650484085083,
-0.011356492526829243,
-0.5702297687530518,
0.3859941065311432,
-0.5400009155273438,
-0.1014433354139328,
-0.5297960638999939,
-0.09026581794023514,
0.14554770290851593,
-0.3033037483692169,
-0.3174397349357605,
0.10055030882358551,
0.16967932879924774,
-0.18303075432777405,
-0.9023770689964294,
-1.0745880603790283,
0.616828203201294,
-0.5843910574913025,
0.5071749091148376,
0.1832297295331955,
0.6158480048179626,
0.6146685481071472,
-0.13109628856182098,
0.1583767533302307,
0.32062768936157227,
-0.8127338290214539,
0.2848685681819916,
0.464188814163208,
-0.22681978344917297,
0.12174014747142792,
0.7444778680801392,
-0.3499021828174591,
0.5577289462089539,
-0.13271059095859528,
0.125679150223732,
0.07745610922574997,
0.09557047486305237,
-1.1234561204910278,
0.03937802091240883,
-0.42873403429985046,
-0.2766474187374115,
-0.06160956621170044,
0.43703171610832214,
-0.4827989339828491,
-0.7121679782867432,
0.061063509434461594,
0.2977099120616913,
0.6064218878746033,
0.03200379014015198,
0.5907103419303894,
0.18438617885112762,
0.41400349140167236,
0.5808581709861755,
0.740242063999176,
0.8206741809844971,
-0.902409017086029,
-0.432643324136734,
-0.47755464911460876,
0.5804095268249512,
-0.5955729484558105,
0.13242849707603455,
0.16555249691009521,
0.16595342755317688,
0.07656428962945938,
-0.271389365196228,
-0.27198851108551025,
-0.031543005257844925,
0.32811763882637024,
-0.26716136932373047,
-0.5745696425437927,
0.22842653095722198,
0.5580589771270752,
0.2770981192588806,
-0.50662761926651,
0.12525172531604767,
-1.105240821838379,
-0.6354848146438599,
-0.05775424838066101,
-0.020070470869541168,
-0.7876939177513123,
0.04704435542225838,
-0.8036165833473206,
0.20402203500270844,
-0.16206680238246918,
0.24765564501285553,
0.11767007410526276,
-0.20786872506141663,
-0.5570437908172607,
-0.04401897266507149,
-0.48764529824256897,
0.2802902162075043,
0.19164298474788666,
0.28481122851371765,
-0.027993299067020416,
0.31919702887535095,
0.03714548423886299,
0.1587604284286499,
-0.35863712430000305,
0.0437752902507782,
0.4136849641799927,
0.7613379955291748,
0.3595532476902008,
0.06673383712768555,
-0.10652182996273041,
-0.16600850224494934,
0.07361041754484177,
-0.12485484778881073,
0.5173843502998352,
0.639173686504364,
-0.7402708530426025,
-0.28057578206062317,
-0.4512135684490204,
-0.10002834349870682,
0.5000241994857788,
-0.22954587638378143,
-0.7431327700614929,
0.05225208029150963,
-0.5081662535667419,
-0.2647876441478729,
0.41359269618988037,
0.31031936407089233,
-0.5294002294540405,
-0.36784785985946655,
0.1291918307542801,
0.5798640251159668,
0.0007909883861429989,
0.4519326984882355,
0.030003780499100685,
0.12092309445142746,
-0.5202150344848633,
-0.07397054135799408,
0.5898969769477844,
-0.15506619215011597,
-0.15475277602672577,
-0.02547760121524334,
0.6777843236923218,
-0.5195949077606201,
-0.3979673683643341,
0.25313860177993774,
-0.8603962063789368,
0.007313116919249296,
0.7963240742683411,
-0.21503549814224243,
-0.0030529883224517107,
-0.2331840544939041,
0.8340956568717957,
-0.2116325944662094,
0.5304844379425049,
0.044517092406749725,
-0.5571610331535339,
0.3868422210216522,
-0.24630488455295563,
0.30814996361732483,
-0.04089707136154175,
0.005686760880053043,
0.15049196779727936,
-0.18229150772094727,
-0.4623609185218811,
0.13143518567085266,
-0.607513964176178,
-0.22281824052333832,
-0.2194337546825409,
-0.043177664279937744,
1.3099852800369263,
0.13732081651687622,
-0.737492024898529,
0.7211682200431824,
-0.8300467133522034,
0.9950277209281921,
0.10909313708543777,
0.042521558701992035,
-0.3856584131717682,
-0.6902235746383667,
-0.4922263026237488,
0.04843752831220627,
0.27539002895355225,
0.19095490872859955,
0.7436554431915283,
0.24680031836032867,
0.050657372921705246,
-0.4545227289199829,
0.09816502779722214,
0.31506678462028503,
0.3288637101650238,
-0.14320018887519836,
-0.42916756868362427,
-0.5728003978729248,
0.2668188810348511,
-0.6229645013809204,
0.9865488409996033,
-0.24869558215141296,
0.6307234168052673,
0.3384828567504883,
-0.37994062900543213,
0.13889124989509583,
-0.4035329222679138,
0.49095267057418823,
0.014155745506286621,
-0.4971987307071686,
0.5775833129882812,
0.3557091951370239,
0.1402168869972229,
0.09427215158939362,
-0.20424656569957733,
-0.45748117566108704,
-0.30407217144966125,
-0.45550113916397095,
0.6022223830223083,
0.032949693500995636,
0.41176801919937134,
-0.34527695178985596,
-0.926870584487915,
0.6183099746704102,
0.1890851855278015,
-0.1955033540725708,
0.12715567648410797,
0.3383677899837494,
-0.5093305110931396,
-0.1997787356376648,
0.33067527413368225,
-0.2037941962480545,
0.39780697226524353,
0.4653967618942261,
-0.23029427230358124,
0.030961478129029274,
-0.24343398213386536,
0.6560319662094116,
0.6342504620552063,
0.5875322818756104,
-0.6166236400604248,
0.07258473336696625,
0.34068846702575684,
0.4310925006866455,
-0.5070956945419312,
-0.2172359675168991,
-0.40864837169647217,
-0.851430356502533,
-0.016769399866461754,
-0.24122938513755798,
0.003868476487696171,
-0.6643703579902649,
-0.3912258744239807,
-0.11348118633031845,
-0.34669017791748047,
0.13905549049377441,
0.2000504732131958,
-0.020488960668444633,
-0.8148524165153503,
-0.35275977849960327,
0.33474868535995483,
0.5076161623001099,
-0.22322975099086761,
-0.5903511047363281,
-0.08865967392921448,
0.17331713438034058,
-0.19072869420051575,
-0.12205862998962402,
-0.08551500737667084,
0.0689130574464798,
-0.3358086049556732,
0.6441231369972229,
0.11585476994514465,
-0.07341990619897842,
0.25861087441444397,
0.15736204385757446,
0.47694331407546997,
-0.19814054667949677,
0.11723047494888306,
-0.06851258128881454,
-0.04836161062121391,
0.9250727295875549,
0.2050328552722931,
0.5042333602905273,
0.553321897983551,
-0.38516056537628174,
0.04433377459645271,
0.3104994297027588,
-5.4378767013549805,
-0.1844693422317505,
-0.28059878945350647,
0.22503015398979187,
1.1002601385116577,
-0.5167549848556519,
0.3355967700481415,
-0.5770789980888367,
-0.23648495972156525,
-0.46596816182136536,
-0.1579660326242447,
-0.1463274508714676,
-0.1668505221605301,
0.20334979891777039,
0.37164855003356934,
0.7662306427955627,
0.2607986032962799,
-0.35563796758651733,
0.09960687160491943,
0.5678716897964478,
-0.18496690690517426,
0.6056721806526184,
-0.05854572728276253,
0.05426165834069252,
0.25872349739074707,
0.48794928193092346,
-0.08432506769895554,
0.24607905745506287,
-0.7301335334777832,
-0.715228259563446,
0.2087794691324234,
-0.3744990825653076,
-0.0013926897663623095,
-0.669984757900238,
-0.3564164638519287,
0.1982906609773636,
0.437980055809021,
0.30871129035949707,
-0.10055379569530487,
0.19986209273338318,
0.6130161285400391,
0.17369775474071503,
0.3577582538127899,
-0.13325971364974976,
0.5915907621383667,
-0.5119195580482483,
-0.8229435086250305,
-0.10130690038204193,
-0.06945707648992538,
0.08258073031902313,
-0.6846058964729309,
0.5272424221038818,
0.28474441170692444,
0.3595131039619446,
-0.46475258469581604,
-0.13743813335895538,
0.03809286653995514,
0.17995856702327728,
-0.26365384459495544,
-0.235761359333992,
0.32460156083106995,
-0.7759606838226318,
-0.007123560179024935,
-0.5083625316619873,
-0.4979079067707062,
-0.5195403695106506,
0.08100445568561554,
0.7345097064971924,
0.23255692422389984,
0.40230128169059753,
0.45319220423698425,
-0.08397253602743149,
-0.1995442658662796,
-0.766035795211792,
-0.6218339800834656,
-0.7364356517791748,
-0.28519800305366516,
-0.2906000316143036,
0.006602273788303137,
-0.13757583498954773,
-0.09905669093132019,
0.11952925473451614,
-0.576349675655365,
0.5135265588760376,
0.06952233612537384,
-0.9639180302619934,
-0.3352205753326416,
0.501552939414978,
-0.8483284711837769,
-0.2394474744796753,
-0.36541834473609924,
-0.26697608828544617,
-0.3449118733406067,
0.708686113357544,
0.5614016652107239,
-0.13525766134262085,
0.14640426635742188,
0.3224988579750061,
-0.11011908203363419,
-0.10297838598489761,
0.07617762684822083,
-0.6780579686164856,
0.11003869771957397,
0.07355855405330658,
-0.4334614872932434,
-0.31197187304496765,
0.1301247477531433,
0.282367467880249,
0.3726660907268524,
0.016326118260622025,
0.19457902014255524,
-0.41039514541625977,
-0.31578102707862854,
0.2564239799976349,
0.05402292311191559,
-0.17766402661800385,
-0.2057649791240692,
0.1490313708782196,
-0.22964471578598022,
0.2634754180908203,
-0.12813639640808105,
0.16740024089813232,
0.224847674369812,
-0.06797561794519424,
-0.25692588090896606,
-0.24977129697799683,
0.4391325116157532,
-0.30170854926109314,
-0.5712930560112,
-0.6527916193008423,
-0.02225654572248459,
-0.42616239190101624,
0.11493643373250961,
0.4363483786582947,
-0.3298812210559845,
-0.24264854192733765,
-0.2044258862733841,
0.28707587718963623,
-0.01942467875778675,
0.625322699546814,
0.029470618814229965,
-0.21680375933647156,
0.00038681444129906595,
0.09842667728662491,
0.511838436126709,
0.6993480920791626,
-0.2818603217601776,
0.42893579602241516,
-0.8382545113563538,
0.42825180292129517,
-0.513652503490448,
-0.3906010389328003,
0.2817687690258026,
-0.13963839411735535,
0.06466027349233627,
-0.19735343754291534,
-0.21480031311511993,
0.6646338701248169,
0.254116952419281,
-0.14376458525657654,
-0.356108158826828,
-0.3210957944393158,
-0.5126785635948181,
-0.3115841746330261,
0.37172478437423706,
0.27478089928627014,
-0.10977325588464737,
-0.49525734782218933,
-0.7111617922782898,
0.6622931361198425,
0.08820674568414688,
-0.32695093750953674,
-0.49742391705513,
-0.13503612577915192,
0.30336329340934753,
0.1180771142244339,
0.04890751093626022,
-0.13281360268592834,
-0.09373333305120468,
0.13615940511226654,
0.23177187144756317,
-0.37551528215408325,
0.46145594120025635,
0.2494211345911026,
0.9092994928359985,
-0.09399284422397614,
-0.49646440148353577,
-0.49627456068992615,
0.24114373326301575,
-0.518616795539856,
0.21969236433506012,
-0.4801635146141052,
0.28351885080337524,
-0.10558678954839706,
-0.5294988751411438,
-0.40136122703552246,
-0.30285558104515076,
-0.4616558849811554,
-0.6640493273735046,
0.03892485797405243,
0.13829030096530914,
0.6200486421585083,
-0.24684324860572815,
0.8171491026878357,
-0.12368206679821014,
-0.4686581492424011,
0.33985456824302673,
-0.008293133229017258,
-0.17768295109272003,
0.4943176209926605,
-0.30265742540359497,
-0.739063560962677,
0.58773273229599,
0.9077181220054626,
-0.8209124207496643,
-0.09865862876176834,
-0.097378671169281,
-0.1966891884803772,
-0.27591806650161743,
-0.02885466441512108,
-0.34127700328826904,
-0.41425082087516785,
-0.11785919964313507,
-0.07963871210813522,
-0.6990286707878113,
0.6060078740119934,
0.32761502265930176,
-0.44094204902648926,
0.9120278358459473,
-0.41376274824142456,
0.20707298815250397,
-0.04076005145907402,
-0.35286563634872437,
0.027488332241773605,
0.899828314781189,
-0.20197437703609467,
0.315365195274353,
-0.039647605270147324,
-0.152872696518898,
0.43445658683776855,
0.2713913023471832,
0.690380334854126,
-0.26124948263168335,
-0.47717833518981934,
-0.03778593987226486,
0.7847151160240173,
0.11074262112379074,
0.3529548645019531,
-0.5668932199478149,
0.29710423946380615,
0.4065316617488861,
-0.4894496500492096,
-0.24784734845161438,
-0.34636059403419495,
0.3020460605621338,
-0.42317599058151245,
0.30939510464668274,
-0.04572600871324539,
-0.18330493569374084,
-0.46095630526542664,
0.1915701925754547,
0.28906574845314026,
-0.645358681678772,
0.19645211100578308,
0.056163255125284195,
-0.0027776509523391724,
-0.46352386474609375,
-0.19137366116046906,
0.5722572803497314,
-0.06336134672164917,
0.1765509396791458,
-0.39868947863578796,
-0.6188766360282898,
0.4916691184043884,
-0.08524946123361588,
0.39092350006103516,
-0.5529010891914368,
-0.8947902917861938,
1.1626497507095337,
-0.12194424122571945,
-0.4528281092643738,
0.26881346106529236,
0.16268129646778107,
-0.0903894305229187,
0.7904026508331299,
-0.33676910400390625,
0.025404764339327812,
0.5866042971611023,
-0.17012637853622437,
0.4977814555168152,
-0.3894372582435608,
-0.4126867353916168,
0.05671999230980873,
0.13041779398918152,
0.17114843428134918,
0.3092803359031677,
0.23107723891735077,
0.15666629374027252,
0.9932075142860413,
-0.3194209337234497,
-0.8148021101951599,
0.8202804327011108,
0.347609281539917,
0.3851236402988434,
0.3243176341056824,
0.08460278809070587,
-0.41605886816978455,
-0.24134622514247894,
-0.224007248878479,
-0.19617901742458344,
0.23418378829956055,
-0.32325997948646545,
0.6808212399482727,
0.22958111763000488,
-0.3690977990627289,
-0.049515798687934875,
0.36586734652519226,
-0.7819738388061523,
-0.09299582988023758,
0.33694374561309814,
-0.22614164650440216,
0.4594777822494507,
0.36070626974105835,
-0.06241557002067566,
0.04508087784051895,
0.6366701722145081,
-0.4482196867465973,
-0.7771707773208618,
-0.0650799348950386,
0.3882090747356415,
-0.009051510132849216,
-0.323540598154068,
-0.639875054359436,
0.910045862197876,
-0.6128828525543213,
-0.34572866559028625,
0.027904551476240158,
-0.9320834875106812,
-0.26630735397338867,
0.24087992310523987,
0.9976279139518738,
0.6287521123886108,
-0.510931134223938,
0.3165045976638794,
-0.5624448657035828,
-0.20050805807113647,
0.1520978957414627,
0.2304820716381073,
-0.16897252202033997,
0.01491027232259512,
-0.03442173823714256,
0.13877086341381073,
0.321433961391449,
-0.07396780699491501,
0.10051970928907394,
0.7670934796333313,
0.0958322212100029,
-0.03210795298218727,
-0.7850505709648132,
0.12363851070404053,
-0.35230332612991333,
0.7623515725135803,
0.8064114451408386,
-0.0028413909021764994,
0.027536561712622643,
-0.013550356961786747,
0.7357508540153503,
0.07412134855985641,
0.06408727169036865,
0.2981647551059723,
-0.015760214999318123,
0.6184433102607727,
0.2519747018814087,
-0.6205617189407349,
0.11976349353790283,
0.46241796016693115,
-0.2755049169063568,
0.7802762985229492,
-0.04308571666479111,
-0.3099588453769684,
-0.08054737746715546,
-0.15403878688812256,
-0.028131965547800064,
-0.09665898233652115,
-0.14231324195861816,
-0.640067994594574,
-0.4375132918357849,
0.6318670511245728,
-0.7033582329750061,
0.02043251134455204,
0.23171722888946533,
-0.4170154929161072,
0.09928513318300247,
0.2118179202079773,
-0.4114619791507721,
-0.22246010601520538,
-0.030662331730127335,
0.5764427781105042,
0.32791998982429504,
-0.18136535584926605,
-0.03922167792916298,
-0.22792035341262817,
-0.8912621736526489,
-0.01084431167691946,
-0.326299250125885,
0.6397401094436646,
-0.3138277232646942,
0.19333699345588684,
-0.515430748462677,
0.004199630580842495,
-0.03474373370409012,
0.17102305591106415,
-0.3159814774990082,
0.31744030117988586,
-0.14707453548908234,
1.304227590560913,
0.5003483295440674,
0.08868226408958435,
-0.4116227924823761,
0.1981867104768753,
-0.5301713943481445,
0.39106976985931396,
0.16172730922698975,
0.5730949640274048,
0.3248439431190491,
0.11893676221370697,
-0.1987658441066742,
0.5103335380554199,
-0.33722978830337524,
0.3324021100997925,
0.028718886896967888,
0.34683385491371155,
-0.5166928768157959,
0.524957537651062,
0.016128985211253166,
0.5523602366447449,
0.459110289812088,
1.2948487997055054,
0.2864832580089569,
-0.3868004381656647,
-0.8838406801223755,
-0.13004526495933533,
0.6768308281898499,
-0.010325958952307701,
-0.3722338378429413,
-0.09874579310417175,
-0.17336872220039368,
-0.3907340168952942,
-0.19978874921798706,
0.1374175101518631,
0.3936690390110016,
-0.2686731517314911,
0.46916553378105164,
-0.46881651878356934,
-0.011789549142122269,
-0.5631999373435974,
-0.00998945627361536,
-0.2009546458721161,
0.3163672387599945,
0.5348671674728394
]
|
128373 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regent%27s%20Park%20College%2C%20Oxford | Regent's Park College, Oxford | Regent's Park College (known colloquially within the university as Regent's) is a permanent private hall of the University of Oxford, situated in central Oxford, just off St Giles'.
Founded in 1810, the college moved to its present site in 1927, and became a licensed hall of the university in 1957. The college now admits both undergraduate and graduate students to take Oxford degrees in a variety of arts, humanities and social science subjects. It is one of the few academic institutions within the University of Oxford to have accepted women as well as men since before the mid-twentieth century, with women attending the college since the 1920s. The college also trains men and women for ordained ministry among Baptist churches in Great Britain and overseas.
History
Origins in London
Regent's Park College traces its roots to the formation of the London Baptist Education Society in 1752. This venture led to the development of the Baptist College, Stepney, a dissenting academy in the East End of London, in 1810. The impetus for the creation of the college arose from the fact that only members of the Church of England were given places at the ancient universities. There were only three students in 1810, but by 1850 the number had risen to 26.
In 1849, Joseph Angus (Principal 1849β1893) became principal at just 33 years old. At the beginning of his time as principal, Angus admitted a small number of lay students to the college. His belief was that it would benefit the ministerial students to have contact with them, as well as bringing much-needed finances to the college. After sites in Gordon Square and Primrose Hill were considered, Angus decided on 12 December 1855 to relocate the college to Holford House in the rural environs of Regent's Park and to change its name to 'Regent's Park College'. Holford House was a private dwelling built in the classical Georgian style on Crown land. Students were able to read for university degrees in the arts and law, as well as training for Christian ministry.
After many long ties with University College London, which date back to 1856, the college became an official divinity school of the University of London in 1901. In 1920, G. P. Gould (1896β1920) passed the role of principal on to H. Wheeler Robinson, who would hold the post until 1942. Wheeler Robinson was educated at Regent's Park College for one session; he then went to Edinburgh University and finally to Mansfield College, Oxford. Wheeler Robinson believed that Oxford was a more congenial setting than London for a college. This belief, coupled with the lure of the advantages of the tutorial system and the fact that Baptists remained the only Free church without a college in one of the ancient universities, led Wheeler Robinson to decide to relocate the college to Oxford.
Relocation to Oxford
In 1927, the main portion of the site was purchased and the buildings, including various farm buildings and two wells in Pusey Street were secured shortly afterwards from St John's College. The college appointed T Harold Hughes (1897β1949) as the architect for the site. Hughes was responsible for much extension and restoration work in Oxford, including Exeter College, Hertford College and Corpus Christi College. The first four students arrived in 1928. At this time, many of the classes were held at Mansfield College and other lectures were held at various other colleges. However, as early as 1924, Wheeler Robinson started to promote his plans for a new building scheme on the Oxford site to former students. Between 1935 and 1938, he and E. A. Payne spoke a various meetings and raised Β£20,000 of the Β£50,000 needed for the project. The foundation stones for Helwys Hall were laid on 21 July 1938, by representatives from the Baptist Union of Great Britain and Ireland, the Particular Baptist Fund, and the Baptist Missionary Society. Stones were also laid in memory of Angus and Gould, former principals of the college.
Main Block, consisting of 16 study bedrooms, Helwys Hall, the College Library, the Senior Common Room and part of the building on Pusey Street, were constructed from 1938 to 1940. However, the outbreak of the Second World War along with a lack of funds meant that the ambitious plans for the completion of the quadrangle had to be put on hold.
In 1957, Regent's Park College became a permanent private hall of the University of Oxford. During this period, the college once again started to accept non-ministerial undergraduates and new buildings on Pusey Street were erected to accommodate the college's growing size, thus completing the quadrangle. Since then, the student body has grown to include around 110 undergraduate students and 50 graduates, as well as ministerial students. The Balding student accommodation block was built in 1960, and a large window was fitted in a three-storey high wall overlooking Balding Quadrangle behind the main quadrangleΒ β allegedly the largest single pane of glass in Europe. In 1977, the Angus student accommodation block was built thus providing Balding Quadrangle with an extra side. Extra accommodation was built in Wheeler Robinson House in 1988. When Greyfriars closed in 2008 (having been a permanent private hall since 1958), the remaining 30 students joined Regent's Park College.
Buildings
Regent's Park College is located just off St Giles' in the heart of Oxford, near St Cross College and St John's College. The site is based around a large neoclassical quadrangle (as seen in the adjacent picture). The quadrangle is well known for the extensive Virginia creeper which covers most of the buildings. On the south side of the quad is the college entrance and lodge. On the west side is the Hall, with two Ionic columns flanking the main entrance to the room. The names 'Thomas Helwys' and 'William Carey' are carved on either side of the glass door leading into the Hall. Thomas Helwys was a religious refugee in Holland and returned to England to start the first Baptist church. William Carey was a missionary to India and inspired the foundation of the Baptist Missionary Society in 1792.
The college also owns seventeenth- and eighteenth-century houses which face out onto St. Giles' as well as more recent developments, such as Wheeler Robinson House, which is used for third year accommodation, and Gould House and Angus House, both of which are used either for undergraduates or tutors. All undergraduate accommodation is on-site, or less than a three-minute walk away from the main college buildings. The college also makes use of some central University accommodation provisions for postgraduates, notably the Castle Mill development in North Oxford and some houses in Wellington Square.
Helwys Hall
Helwys Hall, known affectionately by some in the undergraduate community as 'Hell Hall' or, more rarely, 'Hell Hole', is an imposing room with a very high ceiling clad in Canadian pine. Above the High Table there is a symbolic representation of the main emphases of Baptist life and faith designed by H. Wheeler Robinson (principal 1920β1942). Helwys Hall is home to a series of portraits which, taken together, present a brief history of the college. Most of the former principals' portraits are displayed including a recent portrait of Professor Paul Fiddes. There are also portraits of Joshua Marshman, Hannah Marshman, William Carey, and Willam Ward who were all missionaries to India and Andrew Fuller who was a missionary and first secretary of the Baptist Missionary Society. Helwys Hall was completely renovated in 2009 with a gift to the college's Annual Fund from an anonymous donor.
Common Rooms
The Junior Common Room
The JCR is a large oak-panelled room which is adorned with the pictures of Regent's many sports teams. The room also has a JCR presidents' board with the name of every JCR President until Rosie Marie Walsh (2021) and a board recording all Regent's students who have received a Blue from the university. When heads of houses and bursars made a recent inspection of all the Junior Common Rooms in Oxford it was agreed that Regent's' recently refurbished, wood-panelled common room is one of the finest.
The Senior Common Room
The Senior Common Room (SCR), which is used by academic and administrative staff, was provided by a gift from the nieces and nephews of George Pearce Gould (principal 1896β1920). One of the striking features of the room is the portrait of Gould which hangs over an Adams brothers mantelpiece. Facing Gould is a portrait of William Kiffin which dates back to 1667. The SCR was refurbished in 2008 using gifts to the college's Annual Fund from the American Friends of Regent's Park College.
Libraries
The College Library
The College Library is on the third floor of the college above Helwys Hall, and houses many key works relating to theology, as well as many works on history, geography and politics. It is furnished with dark wood and contains graduate study rooms as well as a number of computers.
In the library there is a semi-circular window with sixteen panels, on which is etched a map of the world with many interesting symbols and emblems. The window came from the Glasgow Empire Exhibition of 1937 and is a fine example of modern glass work. The library contains portraits of both William Carey and John Bunyan, and outside it hangs a portrait of Henry Havelock.
Angus Library and Archive
The Angus Library and Archive is a scholarship library holding many volumes and documents which are critical to the understanding of Baptist history and culture, many of which cannot be found anywhere else in the world. The core of the collection was left to the college by Joseph Angus who was principal from 1849 to 1893. The Angus now comprises over 70,000 printed books, pamphlets, journals, church and association records, church histories, manuscript letters and other artefacts from the late fifteenth century to the present day. The collection relates to the life and history of Baptists in Britain and the wider world. Alongside this unique insight into Baptist and nonconformist history there is a considerable amount of material from non-Baptist sources relating to issues and controversies in which Baptists were involved.
The Angus Library and Archive is used by international scholars researching Baptist history, the history of dissent in the UK, the social history of foreign missions and linguistics. It is also used by members of the public researching, among other things, the history of their families or local communities. Each year there are in the region of 1000 requests for information from outside the University of Oxford. The people involved in research come from a variety of countries including the US, Australia, China, India, the Caribbean and Europe.
Student life
Students are admitted and matriculated according to the same admissions procedures as the other colleges and halls of the University of Oxford. The college specialises in the arts, humanities and social sciences.
Students are provided with accommodation in the first and final years of study. In the first year, this usually takes the form of a study bedroom, whereas in the third year students tend to live on site in flats in either Wheeler Robinson House, the Gould Building or the Angus Building. Regent's Park College students have the opportunity to participate in a variety of extra-curricular activities. There are sports teams in football, rowing, netball and basketball as well as opportunities to play other sports for other Oxford colleges.
The Junior Common Room also provides arts activities, such as an annual play and pantomime, as well as several social societies. The Junior Common Room itself is a large oak-panelled room, including leather sofas, a sound system for bi-termly parties (bops), a football table. The college bar includes a TV, Wii, and quiz machine.
Each summer, the college hosts a themed ball named The Final Fling. During Trinity Term, croquet and pimms are enjoyed on the quad, which is also occupied by the college tortoise Emmanuelle. Emmanuelle is around 116 years old, and has won the Corpus Christi Tortoise Fair twice, as well as appearing on Blue Peter.
Traditions
Motto
The college motto is: . It is taken from : "Test all things; hold fast to that which is good" (A.V.)
Grace and Hall
The college grace is recited in the vernacular by the principal, and runs as follows: For the gifts of your grace and the community of this college, we praise your name, O God. Amen. At the end of the Formal Hall, the Senior Common Room depart after the principal has said the words "The grace and peace of God be with us all. Amen".
In the early days of the college at Oxford there was a Latin grace which was thought to be composed by Aubrey Argyle:
. This was allegedly swiftly dropped as Henry Wheeler Robinson, then principal, observed a strict 'no-Latin' policy in Hall β in the old days offenders were thrown into a bath of cold water. It has also traditionally been the case that there is no Loyal Toast at college dinners. Around the turn of the millennium the dean even remonstrated with guests from a different college to prevent the toast being proposed.
Unlike many other Oxford colleges, the same menu is served to all members of college and there is no High Table apart from at formal halls. It also observes a tradition that grace is said at every meal, with students and dons alike standing behind their chairs until it has been said.
Valediction
The principal ceremonial occasion in the college year is the Service of Valediction, which takes place on the afternoon of the last day of Full Term in Trinity (always a Saturday). The most important part of the ceremony is the signing of the register by members of the Junior and Middle Common Rooms whose periods of study have come to an end. This is different from the practice at other colleges that maintain a register (now a minority of colleges), where the signing takes place at the beginning of a student's course.
Other traditions
A tradition from the nineteenth century, which is now somewhat forgotten (despite having been common even in the early years of the twenty-first century) was that first-year students of the college are called 'monarchs' and their elder colleagues are known as 'regents'. This was to remind older students that they had a duty of care to the younger members, much as a regent has a duty of care to an infirm monarch (the metaphor appears to have been drawn from the regency of George IV, after whom Regent's Park in London, the college's namesake, is named). Although less frequently referenced now, the naming tradition lives on through JCR positions such as 'Lake Monarch' (A tongue-in-cheek JCR position created to agitate for the creation of a lake similar to that at Worcester College β a role traditionally held by first-year students).
Ernest A. Payne, a former alumnus of the college who attended Regent's during its move to Oxford in the 1920s, mentions in passing during a lecture delivered in the 1970s that there was at one time a college song, which was sung as the students vacated the premises in Regent's Park. The chorus of the song was cited by Payne to have been as follows: So we raise, as time goes by,
Our Marseillaise, our battle-cry, Forward Regent's!"
People associated with Regent's Park College
Principals
Alumni
thumb|right|Sir J.Β F. Leese, Liberal Party politician, barrister, and first-class cricketer
William Abraham, Irish theologian, Professor of Wesley Studies, Southern Methodist University
Joseph Angus, Biblical scholar, Principal of (Stepney Academy and) Regent's Park College (1849β93)
Robin Attfield, Professor of Philosophy at Cardiff University
Simon Bailey, Anglican priest and author
Malcolm Bishop, QC, judge and barrister
William Brock, abolitionist, biographer, and supporter of missionary societies
T Davis Bunn, novelist in residence
Wayne Clarke, radio presenter, producer, and author
Robert Ellis academic and Principal of Regent's Park College from 2007 to 2021
Sir Malcolm Evans, KCMG, OBE, FLSW, Professor of Public International Law, University of Bristol
Paul Fiddes, FBA, Professor of Systematic Theology, Principal of Regent's Park College (1989-2007), and honorary Fellow of St Peter's College
James Gandhi, child actor and writer from the BBC children's show Dani's House
Sir Henry Havelock, KCB, British general instrumental in the Indian Rebellion of 1857
Donald Foster Hudson, Baptist missionary and author
Jesse Jackson, an honorary Fellow of the college
Delyth Jewell, assembly member for South East Wales
R T Kendall, writer and minister (1977-2002) of Westminster Chapel
Alexandra Knatchbull, descendant of Queen Victoria and god-daughter of Diana, Princess of Wales
Alan Kreider, former Professor of Church History and Mission, Anabaptist Mennonite Biblical Seminary, Indiana
Richard Land, President of Southern Evangelical Seminary, North Carolina
Alexander Larman, author and journalist
Sir Joseph Leese, 1st Baronet, KC, first-class cricketer, British lawyer, and Liberal politician
Walter John Mathams, hymn-writer and founder of the Ladies' Guild of the Sailors' Society
Frederick Brotherton Meyer, Baptist minister and evangelist, writer, and moral reformer
Gregory Norminton, novelist
Wesley Pue, former Professor of Legal History at University of British Columbia
Ian Randall, FRHistS, British historian
Keith Riglin, former Vice Dean of King's College London, Bishop of Argyll and The Isles
Wheeler Robinson, Old Testament scholar, Principal of Regent's Park College (1920β42)
Olin Robison, diplomat, thirteenth President of Middlebury College, Vermont
William Rouse, Classical scholar and educational reformer, former headmaster of The Perse School, Cambridge
Roland Rudd, PR and business consultant, founder and chairman of Finsbury
David Russell, CBE, former Principal of Rawdon College, former General Secretary, Baptist Union of Great Britain
Philip Ryken, eighth President of Wheaton College, Illinois
Jane Shaw, former Dean of Divinity, New College, Oxford, Principal, Harris Manchester College, Oxford
Cecil Staton, eleventh Chancellor of East Carolina University, North Carolina
James Sully, philosopher and psychologist
Michael Symmons Roberts, poet
Alfred Thomas, 1st Baron Pontypridd, DL, politician and Welsh nationalist
Andrew Thompson, CBE, Professor of Global and Imperial History, University of Oxford
Barnaby Thompson, film director and producer
Michael Ward, author of Planet Narnia, Professor of Apologetics, Houston Baptist University, Texas
Robert Warner, Vice Chancellor, Plymouth Marjon University
See also
Regent's Park College Boat Club
Greyfriars, Oxford
List of dissenting academies (19th century)
References
Bibliography
Anthony Clarke and Paul Fiddes, Dissenting Spirit: A History of Regent's Park College, 1752-2017 (Oxford: Centre for Baptist History and Heritage, 2017) (336 pages, illustrated)
Robert E. Cooper, From Stepney to St Giles': the Story of Regent's Park College, 1810β1960 (London: Carey Kingsgate Press, 1960) (148 pages, illustrated)
Geo. P. Gould, The Baptist College at Regent's Park (Founded at Stepney 1810): A Centenary Record'' (London: The Kingsgate Press, 1910) (99 pages, illustrated)
External links
Regent's Park College website
Junior Common Room
College Prospectus
Alternative Prospectus
Baptist universities and colleges in the United Kingdom
Bible colleges, seminaries and theological colleges in England
Buildings and structures of the University of Oxford
Educational institutions established in 1810
Educational institutions established in 1752
Permanent Private Halls of the University of Oxford
Religion in Oxford
Former colleges of the University of London
1810 establishments in England
1752 establishments in England | [
0.1637313961982727,
-0.03924843296408653,
0.6733918786048889,
-0.4209708869457245,
0.38839659094810486,
0.4995594918727875,
0.21465471386909485,
0.32412683963775635,
-0.3659929037094116,
-0.4092952609062195,
-0.7671923637390137,
-0.3178456127643585,
0.14439669251441956,
0.6573888659477234,
0.29343000054359436,
-0.2071765661239624,
0.5582966208457947,
0.29784828424453735,
0.4021405875682831,
-0.5922943949699402,
0.0714249387383461,
0.1898135393857956,
-0.3274267613887787,
0.17344801127910614,
0.05515611171722412,
-0.1701090782880783,
0.7530599236488342,
-0.16397875547409058,
-0.06838316470384598,
-0.2106880247592926,
0.6632413864135742,
-0.18932200968265533,
0.2263963222503662,
-0.1335010975599289,
0.729485809803009,
-0.1682218313217163,
0.14084291458129883,
-0.5334740281105042,
-0.13164816796779633,
-0.16961538791656494,
-0.3831036388874054,
-0.4615830183029175,
0.0324154831469059,
0.42394334077835083,
-0.5147351026535034,
-0.561650276184082,
-0.9282035827636719,
0.17423951625823975,
-0.7561481595039368,
0.12918511033058167,
-0.7380686402320862,
0.2692767083644867,
0.4764915704727173,
-0.10052326321601868,
0.45014455914497375,
0.2921554744243622,
-0.6118476986885071,
-0.01689841039478779,
0.46216729283332825,
-0.25859275460243225,
0.08393967896699905,
0.6050133109092712,
-0.09822352975606918,
0.5332050323486328,
-0.4433552324771881,
-0.29598817229270935,
0.20997780561447144,
-0.16411124169826508,
-0.7848536968231201,
-0.28101441264152527,
-0.2771717607975006,
0.12543819844722748,
0.011250357143580914,
0.34263280034065247,
-0.5657092332839966,
-0.42310959100723267,
0.2337312400341034,
0.3745371103286743,
0.7375205755233765,
-0.12490364164113998,
0.39098289608955383,
0.002549546305090189,
0.21954002976417542,
0.298900842666626,
0.5066696405410767,
0.6170355677604675,
-0.7550387978553772,
-0.2072087973356247,
-0.5268991589546204,
0.6396803259849548,
-0.8209834098815918,
-0.1344703584909439,
0.37356024980545044,
-0.06787109375,
-0.04023649916052818,
-0.2332015335559845,
0.3142164647579193,
-0.009035220369696617,
0.2995554506778717,
-0.0862293541431427,
-0.6239897608757019,
0.45078784227371216,
0.14138342440128326,
-0.36299437284469604,
-0.40683987736701965,
-0.29062914848327637,
-1.0690133571624756,
-0.7227128744125366,
0.13215868175029755,
0.18666185438632965,
-0.9457095861434937,
0.17478901147842407,
-0.21610325574874878,
0.12638132274150848,
-0.12993304431438446,
0.6038512587547302,
0.015143472701311111,
-0.2263464331626892,
-0.5971407890319824,
0.15086600184440613,
-0.2797960340976715,
0.35917147994041443,
-0.0935061126947403,
0.3004702925682068,
0.08977402746677399,
-0.3100489377975464,
-0.1360187977552414,
0.030683308839797974,
-0.672572135925293,
-0.21071481704711914,
0.24253107607364655,
0.4956100583076477,
0.11539687216281891,
-0.42552414536476135,
0.251929372549057,
-0.012210870161652565,
0.09202798455953598,
-0.35224491357803345,
0.6197919845581055,
0.4211483895778656,
-0.20868152379989624,
-0.03059803508222103,
-0.09079956263303757,
-0.00974433682858944,
0.7048105001449585,
-0.24056167900562286,
-0.4847557544708252,
-0.37031397223472595,
-0.20869581401348114,
-0.5381755232810974,
0.06755013763904572,
0.20370185375213623,
-0.24995867908000946,
-0.43367108702659607,
-0.15519234538078308,
0.5880511999130249,
0.39015933871269226,
0.09955402463674545,
0.1659918576478958,
0.2559278607368469,
-0.22531412541866302,
-0.15614953637123108,
0.02225351519882679,
0.16085803508758545,
-0.18000254034996033,
0.09323062002658844,
0.15194594860076904,
-0.12668336927890778,
-0.6447256803512573,
-0.2581307590007782,
-0.7284587025642395,
0.01021245215088129,
0.7504358291625977,
-0.2793903052806854,
0.1114419475197792,
0.1480582058429718,
0.32815974950790405,
0.10100334137678146,
0.5574272871017456,
-0.19557665288448334,
-0.4540695250034332,
-0.09185189753770828,
-0.06334081292152405,
0.086302749812603,
0.3189568817615509,
-0.20145098865032196,
0.20658139884471893,
0.3195449411869049,
-0.23009583353996277,
0.003993357997387648,
-0.4130180776119232,
-0.34289640188217163,
0.10682341456413269,
0.10225708037614822,
1.0982695817947388,
-0.004517574328929186,
-0.6890249848365784,
0.7551060318946838,
-0.223602756857872,
0.7134827375411987,
-0.15563753247261047,
-0.08253966271877289,
-0.07426103949546814,
-0.5012112855911255,
-0.054082199931144714,
-0.29592564702033997,
0.1658594310283661,
-0.1695609986782074,
0.5653130412101746,
0.12046348303556442,
0.1228158175945282,
-0.8893017172813416,
0.33955031633377075,
0.2176041156053543,
0.2693467140197754,
-0.5062261819839478,
-0.36663100123405457,
-0.1327425241470337,
0.0263709407299757,
-0.46536704897880554,
1.1393847465515137,
0.1667546182870865,
0.4399039149284363,
0.3029138147830963,
-0.5371010899543762,
0.00515010766685009,
0.18602806329727173,
0.3177490830421448,
0.20085099339485168,
-0.01881338842213154,
0.10932126641273499,
0.1952567994594574,
-0.11149362474679947,
0.10682204365730286,
-0.16083618998527527,
-0.3262196183204651,
-0.321591854095459,
-0.47027844190597534,
0.723940908908844,
-0.23100139200687408,
0.49760112166404724,
-0.657884955406189,
-0.8599041700363159,
0.3873239755630493,
0.0634087547659874,
-0.08393430709838867,
0.16754035651683807,
0.6659457683563232,
-0.502507209777832,
-0.3788633942604065,
-0.05721074342727661,
-0.19208531081676483,
0.708754301071167,
0.15318109095096588,
0.2977149486541748,
-0.1915166825056076,
-0.099977508187294,
0.621967613697052,
0.2906590700149536,
0.37014666199684143,
-0.5475245118141174,
0.600942850112915,
-0.025098653510212898,
0.27597761154174805,
-0.4440595209598541,
0.060253944247961044,
-0.08181474357843399,
-0.6559966206550598,
0.10855025053024292,
-0.34835779666900635,
0.05156402289867401,
-0.5374071002006531,
-0.4997181296348572,
0.1831386387348175,
-0.3943389356136322,
-0.128658726811409,
0.600866436958313,
-0.18665947020053864,
-0.470233678817749,
-0.4708707630634308,
0.6061437726020813,
0.17335297167301178,
0.0750945582985878,
-0.33804479241371155,
-0.33006128668785095,
0.27721545100212097,
-0.09626186639070511,
-0.1630837321281433,
-0.390555202960968,
0.06414750963449478,
-0.17102983593940735,
0.4330216348171234,
0.271613210439682,
0.23326732218265533,
-0.21766170859336853,
0.39230695366859436,
0.26931285858154297,
-0.7690219283103943,
0.22015069425106049,
0.16606402397155762,
-0.30538439750671387,
0.7703961133956909,
-0.0027601849287748337,
0.2648466229438782,
0.6330190896987915,
-0.2003612369298935,
0.08304200321435928,
0.19756154716014862,
-5.67384672164917,
0.20492702722549438,
-0.7372611165046692,
0.5928372740745544,
0.9681777954101562,
-0.4921950399875641,
0.42122983932495117,
-0.5137290358543396,
-0.5630481839179993,
-0.7015382647514343,
-0.35636481642723083,
-0.48515674471855164,
0.08895251154899597,
0.25797173380851746,
0.3691718280315399,
0.4402886927127838,
0.682253897190094,
0.10205497592687607,
0.0698697566986084,
0.4579086899757385,
-0.24871915578842163,
0.16373877227306366,
-0.0614020973443985,
0.153447225689888,
0.18563984334468842,
0.47916001081466675,
-0.4342138171195984,
-0.3003365099430084,
-0.9059397578239441,
-0.4672237038612366,
0.2841700613498688,
-0.4153810143470764,
-0.2997486889362335,
-0.0815005898475647,
-0.05281740799546242,
0.6839823722839355,
0.1548253744840622,
0.03186052665114403,
-0.43758946657180786,
-0.18420986831188202,
0.8879445791244507,
0.19797095656394958,
0.6776438355445862,
-0.05037453770637512,
0.2014787495136261,
-0.22181741893291473,
-0.5971145033836365,
0.29889222979545593,
-0.354939341545105,
0.04544403403997421,
-0.37778162956237793,
1.0080540180206299,
0.6825292110443115,
0.23191635310649872,
-0.5882390737533569,
-0.051286716014146805,
0.23483684659004211,
0.20385509729385376,
0.057034071534872055,
0.010024582035839558,
0.48239755630493164,
-0.6065891981124878,
0.21593473851680756,
-0.26518648862838745,
-0.2384796291589737,
-0.6051236987113953,
0.21317747235298157,
0.7442102432250977,
0.15928485989570618,
0.5723283290863037,
0.10972372442483902,
0.09014569222927094,
-0.16936421394348145,
-0.9946749806404114,
-0.30940595269203186,
-0.5551419258117676,
-0.17653656005859375,
-0.4880574345588684,
0.07219354063272476,
0.09552828967571259,
0.22455820441246033,
-0.21434009075164795,
-0.5136887431144714,
0.5862408876419067,
-0.12800611555576324,
-1.3901220560073853,
-0.1758815050125122,
0.25634217262268066,
-0.5173718929290771,
-0.2189800888299942,
-0.47120893001556396,
-0.10281632095575333,
-0.37203577160835266,
-0.047231752425432205,
0.4009733498096466,
-0.32751426100730896,
-0.011343153193593025,
0.36816924810409546,
0.18798620998859406,
0.12461023032665253,
0.3846464455127716,
-0.37078019976615906,
0.19221313297748566,
0.11764796823263168,
-0.060189127922058105,
-0.4945923984050751,
0.13056334853172302,
0.4072989225387573,
0.3253510594367981,
-0.1012534350156784,
-0.09260046482086182,
-0.029159678146243095,
-0.21813343465328217,
-0.5483843684196472,
0.39586111903190613,
-0.704367458820343,
-0.10881385952234268,
0.502799391746521,
-0.430641233921051,
0.0009892643429338932,
-0.4298674762248993,
0.3140275776386261,
0.3199685215950012,
-0.07481855899095535,
-0.38976868987083435,
0.12492384761571884,
0.19795474410057068,
-0.532080352306366,
0.012509120628237724,
-0.508782148361206,
0.6465649008750916,
-0.03145860508084297,
0.05192451551556587,
0.026379039511084557,
-0.3309336006641388,
-0.16632650792598724,
0.06879344582557678,
-0.045820314437150955,
-0.2044638991355896,
0.18998630344867706,
-0.11255690455436707,
0.11068353801965714,
0.29656893014907837,
0.3827715218067169,
0.5109156966209412,
0.21511225402355194,
-0.025072922930121422,
0.5004942417144775,
-0.8077001571655273,
0.175118088722229,
-0.3593308925628662,
-0.28491660952568054,
0.165327787399292,
-0.47926968336105347,
0.07202666252851486,
-0.6959843635559082,
-0.507285475730896,
0.6224938631057739,
0.06793055683374405,
0.16930276155471802,
-0.30504918098449707,
-0.5740620493888855,
-0.3928717374801636,
-0.4396998882293701,
0.2149822860956192,
0.4589073359966278,
0.1197623759508133,
-0.4396267533302307,
-0.7346699833869934,
0.44973626732826233,
0.20947065949440002,
-0.19477008283138275,
-1.0096639394760132,
-0.23810943961143494,
0.43222638964653015,
0.24464961886405945,
-0.05106291547417641,
0.12860047817230225,
0.05023358017206192,
0.1117834821343422,
-0.09317783266305923,
-0.21051490306854248,
0.047065604478120804,
0.11797406524419785,
0.7867299914360046,
-0.5576378703117371,
-0.6073392033576965,
-0.38603973388671875,
0.44407951831817627,
-0.34854480624198914,
0.18150943517684937,
-0.1608879566192627,
0.2272917926311493,
-0.16765721142292023,
-0.20927129685878754,
-0.5597098469734192,
0.06504983454942703,
0.16364681720733643,
-0.6995216012001038,
-0.10321598500013351,
-0.11170325428247452,
0.5161375403404236,
-0.7084885239601135,
0.8113429546356201,
0.4516090154647827,
-0.3110751509666443,
0.42554718255996704,
-0.06975432485342026,
0.3367164433002472,
0.5742564797401428,
-0.47789883613586426,
-0.5608032941818237,
0.2405724674463272,
0.3070945143699646,
-0.597353994846344,
0.28026020526885986,
-0.3666773736476898,
-0.9295704960823059,
-0.2644747495651245,
-0.15958358347415924,
-0.43559181690216064,
-0.4053210914134979,
-0.30344438552856445,
0.08547112345695496,
-0.741635799407959,
0.5161158442497253,
0.4020417630672455,
-0.4834565818309784,
0.575035035610199,
-0.3036716878414154,
0.46937814354896545,
0.05170188844203949,
0.1887253075838089,
0.20727039873600006,
0.5607628226280212,
-0.2651040554046631,
0.22679968178272247,
0.07326748222112656,
-0.2075304538011551,
0.5756915211677551,
0.14945797622203827,
1.0664781332015991,
-0.21130017936229706,
-1.0429562330245972,
-0.3184765875339508,
0.16572004556655884,
0.3233952224254608,
0.44898876547813416,
-0.566229522228241,
0.2622867822647095,
0.32287028431892395,
-0.45235195755958557,
0.06540515273809433,
-0.1627812683582306,
0.16163158416748047,
-0.33908218145370483,
0.6139703989028931,
-0.17501690983772278,
0.17643329501152039,
-0.14406037330627441,
0.5480115413665771,
0.42866191267967224,
-0.3874625563621521,
0.11838074028491974,
-0.0574965737760067,
-0.0354309156537056,
-0.33100834488868713,
-0.5206688046455383,
0.44952085614204407,
-0.4712247848510742,
0.43105795979499817,
-0.3791361153125763,
-0.12216436117887497,
0.5270953178405762,
0.1212083250284195,
0.0464361198246479,
-0.030641499906778336,
-0.7483571171760559,
0.6746821999549866,
-0.7026159763336182,
-0.41859170794487,
0.4149613082408905,
0.1925017237663269,
-0.014815490692853928,
0.5780825018882751,
-0.28381192684173584,
-0.03965875133872032,
0.05904783308506012,
0.04927905648946762,
0.5734761357307434,
-0.44848713278770447,
-0.5809402465820312,
0.22713702917099,
0.49769389629364014,
-0.14155976474285126,
0.6697528958320618,
0.7762366533279419,
-0.012693488970398903,
0.31679898500442505,
0.03701917082071304,
-0.17910152673721313,
0.49290019273757935,
0.42064374685287476,
0.10064081102609634,
0.5031070113182068,
0.0387624129652977,
-0.4553361237049103,
-0.5611727833747864,
-0.6047205924987793,
-0.24507495760917664,
0.638679563999176,
0.005147732328623533,
0.7443960905075073,
0.7375137805938721,
-0.43603551387786865,
-0.16130398213863373,
0.4221495985984802,
-0.2067800909280777,
-0.03900282829999924,
0.3798103630542755,
-0.15265418589115143,
0.5905359387397766,
-0.06926039606332779,
-0.19784322381019592,
-0.26542383432388306,
0.4984666109085083,
-0.5522456765174866,
-0.31841614842414856,
0.12770789861679077,
0.37008199095726013,
-0.06666721403598785,
-0.3502821624279022,
-0.2762603163719177,
1.082862138748169,
-0.22354158759117126,
-0.42775580286979675,
0.25994765758514404,
-0.8923993706703186,
-0.30955350399017334,
0.08984678983688354,
0.6500388383865356,
-0.011953188106417656,
-0.4004250466823578,
0.12942664325237274,
-0.45625150203704834,
0.03711268678307533,
0.48231449723243713,
0.4674834609031677,
-0.028112396597862244,
0.5684837102890015,
0.2582576870918274,
0.01155531033873558,
0.5160109400749207,
0.13656383752822876,
0.0457100085914135,
0.13456211984157562,
0.2309490144252777,
-0.390585333108902,
-0.33563467860221863,
0.05892959237098694,
-0.13209518790245056,
0.743022620677948,
0.2632126808166504,
-0.49040448665618896,
-0.1637834906578064,
-0.1448245793581009,
0.6821069717407227,
-0.08451266586780548,
0.4164022207260132,
0.11686810851097107,
0.07242442667484283,
0.6856131553649902,
0.037289492785930634,
-0.8990908265113831,
0.30472567677497864,
0.041856903582811356,
0.24881082773208618,
0.4262206256389618,
0.23053467273712158,
-0.4622412323951721,
-0.10130655020475388,
-0.3353387713432312,
0.1626201868057251,
0.05600311607122421,
0.012200706638395786,
-0.7422341108322144,
-0.3079940378665924,
0.35214757919311523,
-0.6031501889228821,
-0.05140760913491249,
0.1471502184867859,
-0.4217461049556732,
-0.17779062688350677,
-0.28676238656044006,
-0.13819493353366852,
-0.11134950071573257,
0.11629579216241837,
0.48207786679267883,
0.03833474963903427,
-0.08549971878528595,
0.07728844881057739,
0.3504961431026459,
-0.6948140263557434,
-0.010751865804195404,
-0.029297608882188797,
0.6445423364639282,
-0.22311323881149292,
-0.25109562277793884,
-0.6178441643714905,
0.5989387035369873,
0.2764164209365845,
-0.046887293457984924,
-0.2088751494884491,
0.7747567892074585,
-0.4218704104423523,
1.376429796218872,
0.3209655284881592,
0.37680137157440186,
-0.22743935883045197,
0.02933463454246521,
-0.19164012372493744,
0.3526156544685364,
0.18905381858348846,
0.537588894367218,
-0.32445088028907776,
0.026169076561927795,
0.16482095420360565,
0.3214578330516815,
-0.42864829301834106,
0.45321229100227356,
-0.0075628082267940044,
-0.09342354536056519,
-0.7245869636535645,
0.23658686876296997,
-0.6601581573486328,
0.480197548866272,
0.7483071684837341,
1.3856624364852905,
0.019351325929164886,
-0.5919820666313171,
-0.3729497790336609,
0.18228764832019806,
0.6347867250442505,
0.28663522005081177,
0.2960149943828583,
0.08579835295677185,
-0.16215501725673676,
-0.6344538927078247,
-0.37105146050453186,
-0.11152016371488571,
0.5395197868347168,
-0.2879372835159302,
0.35107284784317017,
-0.5852227210998535,
0.03177432715892792,
-0.4482162296772003,
-0.21189287304878235,
-0.18324103951454163,
0.1983102560043335,
0.8100948929786682
]
|
128374 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%20Anne%27s%20College%2C%20Oxford | St Anne's College, Oxford | St Anne's College is a constituent college of the University of Oxford in England. It was founded in 1879 and gained full college status in 1959. Originally a women's college, it has admitted men since 1979. It has some 450 undergraduate and 200 graduate students and retains an original aim of allowing women of any financial background to study at Oxford. A recent count shows St Anne's accepting the highest proportion of female students (55 per cent) of any college. The college stands between Woodstock and Banbury roads, next to the University Parks.
In April 2017, Helen King, a retired Metropolitan Police Assistant Commissioner, took over as Principal from Tim Gardam. Former members include Amanda Pritchard, Danny Alexander, Ruth Deech, Helen Fielding, Martha Kearney, Simon Rattle, Tina Brown, Mr Hudson, and Victor Ubogu.
History
Society of Oxford Home-Students (1879β1942)
What is now St Anne's College began as part of the Association for the Education of Women, the first institution in Oxford with that aim. It then became the Society of Oxford Home-Students. Unlike other women's associations, the Society had no fixed site, instead offering lodgings in houses spread across Oxford. This allowed students various financial backgrounds to study at Oxford, as the cost of accommodation in women's halls was often prohibitive. The society allowed access to lectures and tutorials, as would any Oxford college.
In 1910, the Society of Oxford Home-Students, with the other women's societies, was recognised by the university. In 1912, the society acquired its first tutors, in German, History and English Literature. In the 1920s, the principals of the Women's societies became the first women to receive degrees from the university. The society in the early 1930s still had no centralised site, but within a few years the current location was chosen and by 1937 construction of Hartland House was underway.
St Anne's Society (1942β1952)
In 1942, the Society of Oxford Home-Students was renamed the St Anne's Society and given its coat of arms by Eleanor Plumer (Principal, 1940β1953). The name St Anne's was chosen as historically, there was a chapel of St Anne at the University Church of St Mary the Virgin where, from the college's earliest days, the whole student body would gather for termly services.
St Anne's College (1952 onwards)
In 1952, the St Anne's Society acquired a royal charter as St Anne's College and in 1959 full college status along with the other women's colleges. The Principal at the time, Lady Ogilvie, pressed for a transition from many disparate dining rooms to a common building. This led to the construction of the dining hall completed in 1959 and visited by Queen Elizabeth II in 1960. Meanwhile student numbers grew to nearly 300, which called for more accommodation and led to the construction of the Wolfson and Rayne buildings in 1964 and 1968. In 1977, the decision was made to become coeducational, with the first male undergraduates matriculating in 1979.
Since then, St Anne's has continued to use female words and pronouns, such as "alumnae" to refer to current and former students. The college explains this: "On 17 June 1979, in the nervous time when the first male Fellows had been elected, and the first male students admitted though they had not yet arrived, a note from the Dean to Governing Body asks hesitantly 'Would Governing Body wish "he" (or "he/she") to be substituted for "she" throughout the College Regulations?' Eventually the question was answered (or perhaps avoided) by a carefully worded statement that remains in the preamble to our Regulations: 'words importing the feminine gender shall include the masculine and vice versa, where the construction so permits and the Regulations do not otherwise expressly provide.'"
The Ship
The annual magazine for former college members is called The Ship. When still the Society of Oxford Home-Students, the college had its first common room in Ship Street, central Oxford. The Ship started up in about 1910; by the college centenary in 1979 there had been 69 issues. It marked its centenary issue of 2010/2011 with anniversary content.
Location and buildings
Grounds
The college grounds are bounded by Woodstock Road to the west, Banbury Road to the east, and Bevington Road to the north. The college extends as far south as 48 Woodstock Road, and 27 Banbury Road. These grounds house all of the college's administrative and academic buildings, undergraduate accommodation, as well as the hall, which is among the largest in Oxford. The College formerly owned a number of houses throughout Oxford used for undergraduate accommodation, some of which used to be boarding houses of the Society of Oxford Home-Students. Many of these properties were sold off to fund the building of the Ruth Deech Building, completed in 2005.
Accommodation
St Anne's can accommodate undergraduates on the college site for three years of study. Undergraduates at St Anne's are housed in 14 Victorian houses owned by the college and four purpose-built accommodation blocks. The college also supplies accommodation for some of its graduate students. All undergraduates pay the same amount for their rooms, and every student has access to a communal kitchen in their building.
Victorian houses
The college uses 1β10 Bevington Road, 58/60 Woodstock Road, and 39/41 Banbury Road (also known as "Above the Bar") as undergraduate accommodation, typically for freshers. The junior (undergraduate) post room is located in 10 Bevington Road, the college laundry in 58/60 Woodstock Road, and the college bar, including a pool room, in 39/41 Banbury Road. Five additional Victorian houses (27/29 and 37 Banbury Road and 48/50 Woodstock Road) hold teaching rooms, seminar rooms, music practice rooms, and college offices.
Rayne and Wolfson Buildings
The Rayne and Wolfson Buildings were built in 1964 and are Grade II Listed Buildings virtually identical in design. They house administrative offices on the ground floor and student rooms.
Claire Palley Building
The Claire Palley Building, completed in 1992 and named after Claire Palley (Principal 1984β1991), was the first accommodation block to have en-suite rooms. It also houses the Mary Ogilvie Lecture Theatre.
Trenaman House
Trenaman House, built in 1995, holds student rooms and communal college facilities, including the gym, and since 2008, St Anne's Coffee Shop (STACS). It was named after Nancy Trenaman, sixth Principal of the college (1966β1984).
Ruth Deech Building
The Ruth Deech Building, named after the Principal in 1991β2004, was completed in 2005. The lower ground floor has the Tsuzuki lecture theatre, seminar rooms and dining facilities and a new Porter's Lodge on the upper ground floor with 110 en-suite student rooms. One notable feature is a glass lift, the only part of the building to exceed the roof line. The building was awarded the 2007 David Steel sustainable building award by Oxford City Council.
Robert Saunders House
Robert Saunders House, built in 1996, provides 80 rooms for graduate students in Summertown. It was named after a former bursar of the college, who did much to improve its finances.
Eleanor Plumer House
Eleanor Plumer House (known until 2008 as 35 Banbury Road) is named after Eleanor Plumer (Principal 1940β1953). It houses the Middle Common Room; facilities include a study area, computer room and kitchen. It also houses some graduate students.
Hartland House
Hartland House, designed by Giles Gilbert Scott, was the first purpose-built college building, finished in 1937 with another wing added in 1973. It houses the old library, the junior and senior common rooms and administrative offices. It features the college crest above the main entrance and engravings of beavers, the college mascot.
Dining Hall
The Dining Hall, built in 1959, is among the largest in Oxford with a capacity of 300. Three meals are served daily in hall apart from weekends, when only brunch is served. It is also used for college collections (internal college exams) and on occasion college 'bops' (costume parties).
Library
The college library has over 100,000 volumes, making it one of the largest in Oxford. It is split between the original library in Hartland House and the Tim Gardam building, which opened officially in 2017.
The original college library in Hartland House now houses the law, arts, and humanities collections (Dewey Decimal shelfmarks 340β349 and 700β999).
The new library and academic centre was named after Tim Gardam (principal 2004β2016) and completed in 2016. It is on the site of the former Founders' Gatehouse, which was built in 1966 and was the college lodge until 2005. It covers the area previously taken by the 54 Woodstock Road cottage. The centre provides various study and seminar spaces and 1,500 metres of bookshelves for the college's growing book collection. The plans by Fletcher Priest Architects were inspired by Oxford's historic buildings.
The Tim Gardam Building also features two gardens; a roof garden overlooking the dining hall, and a sunken courtyard accessible through the basement.
Traditions
The college has relatively few traditions and is rare amongst Oxford colleges in not having a chapel, due to its secular outlook. Formal hall is typically held fortnightly. Gowns are not usually worn except for official university occasions such as matriculation and certain college feasts. The college mascot has been a beaver since 1913.
College grace
The college grace was composed by former classics tutor and founding fellow, Margaret Hubbard. It involves the Principal reciting the Latin words Quas decet, (Deo) gratias agamus. Amen. ("For what we have received, we give thanks (to God). Amen.") The inclusion of Deo (to God) depends on whether the grace is religious or secular in nature.
Room ballot
The college selects accommodation using a room ballot, with the exception of the first years. Those entering their fourth year select their rooms on the first day, followed by third-year rooms on the second day, and second-year rooms on the third and final day. Students are allocated a number within their year denoting their position in the ballot. This allocation is based on the quality of their previous year's accommodation. Students then queue and rooms are allocated one by one. Rooms allocated are crossed off a large board listing all available rooms. There is then a period of one week after the ballot where students can mutually agree on swaps.
Sport and societies
The college has teams for all major sports and competes in inter-collegiate "Cuppers" tournaments. Fixtures are either played in the neighbouring University Parks, or in the college playing fields on Woodstock Road.
St Anne's College Boat Club (SABC) organises the college's involvement in inter-college rowing events, and the college boathouse, situated on the River Isis in Christ Church Meadow is shared with St Hugh's and Wadham colleges. The college has a joint rugby team with St John's College, which won Cuppers in 2014. The women's football team, which is also joint with St John's, was victorious in Cuppers in 2020. Meanwhile, the St Anne's men's football team (known as the Mint Green Army) won the Hassan's Cup plate tournament in 2018.
Notable people
Former members
As a former women's college, St Anne's still refers to former students, female or male, as alumnae rather than alumni.
Sir Danny Alexander (born 1972), Liberal Democrat politician
Mary Applebey (1916β2012), mental health campaigner and co-founder of MIND
Karen Armstrong (born 1944), author.
Tina Brown (born 1953), creator of The Daily Beast, former editor of Vanity Fair and The New Yorker
Rosemary Cramp (born 1929), DBE, FBA, archaeologist
Helen Fielding (born 1958), novelist
Jacob Fortune-Lloyd (born 1988), actor
Fayza Haikal (born 1938), Egyptologist
"Mr Hudson" (born 1979), rapper and R&B artist
Martha Kearney (born 1957), journalist and broadcaster
Penelope Lively CBE, FRSL (born 1933), novelist and children's writer
Melanie Phillips (born 1951), journalist and author
Sir Simon Rattle (born 1955), OM, CBE, conductor
Mary Remnant (1935β2020), DSG, FSA, early music specialist and performer
John Robins (born 1982), comedian and radio presenter
Polly Toynbee (born 1946), journalist and writer
Victor Ubogu (born 1964), rugby union player
Jill Paton Walsh (1937β2020), CBE β novelist
Diana Wynne Jones (16 August 1934 β 26 March 2011), author of Howl's Moving Castle
Academics
William MacAskill (born 1987), philosopher and one of the originators of the effective altruism movement
Peter Ady (1914β2004), economics
Ruth Deech, Baroness Deech (born 1943), DBE, law
Peter Donnelly (born 1959), FRS, mathematics
Georg Gottlob (born 1956), FRS, computer science
A. C. Grayling (born 1949), CBE, FRSL, philosophy
Jenifer Hart (1914β2005), politics
Nancy Hubbard (born 1963), business studies
Tony Judt (1948β2010), FBA, historian
Iris Murdoch (1919β1999), DBE, literature
Gabriele Taylor (born 1927), philosophy
Gallery
References
External links
College official website
St Anne's MCR (Middle Common Room) Website
St Anne's JCR (Junior Common Room) Website
St Anne's JCR Alternative Prospectus
Virtual Tour of St Anne's College
Colleges of the University of Oxford
Educational institutions established in 1879
Former women's universities and colleges in the United Kingdom
Buildings and structures of the University of Oxford
1879 establishments in England
Saint Anne | [
-0.47114795446395874,
0.4637235701084137,
0.3766941428184509,
-0.8628557324409485,
-0.002908651949837804,
1.2616751194000244,
0.7928867936134338,
0.728685736656189,
-0.7664747834205627,
-0.35769975185394287,
-0.5304966568946838,
-0.05800606310367584,
0.5548201203346252,
0.17103011906147003,
0.25452813506126404,
-0.2762413024902344,
0.5038643479347229,
0.5494014024734497,
0.08706512302160263,
-0.8459365367889404,
-0.02262309566140175,
0.13499107956886292,
-0.35663390159606934,
0.5559868216514587,
0.14976759254932404,
-0.24989959597587585,
0.6531975269317627,
-0.28542888164520264,
-0.05245950445532799,
-0.3109149932861328,
0.3099120557308197,
0.17682455480098724,
0.20803861320018768,
-0.6342688202857971,
0.2742038071155548,
-0.6894862651824951,
-0.037730976939201355,
-0.19849814474582672,
0.0441751666367054,
0.1847328543663025,
-0.2790844142436981,
-0.008422414772212505,
0.21372121572494507,
0.378101646900177,
-0.33980855345726013,
-0.7882384657859802,
-1.012795090675354,
0.372273713350296,
-0.7007138729095459,
0.3337184190750122,
0.22257694602012634,
0.4721536338329315,
0.5964053273200989,
-0.1667560189962387,
0.27904385328292847,
0.13132691383361816,
-1.0266417264938354,
-0.19502538442611694,
0.5810633897781372,
-0.05493586137890816,
0.3662044405937195,
0.7037155032157898,
-0.42867517471313477,
0.6106188893318176,
-0.37837523221969604,
0.07124325633049011,
0.050195228308439255,
0.1442551463842392,
-1.4029810428619385,
-0.22642938792705536,
-0.41941753029823303,
-0.26872673630714417,
-0.23365889489650726,
0.2095734030008316,
-0.5703126192092896,
-0.5977621674537659,
-0.01367536187171936,
0.3214181959629059,
0.6182311177253723,
-0.027526941150426865,
0.6862257122993469,
0.20932592451572418,
0.17110562324523926,
0.5168073773384094,
0.8125276565551758,
0.8819491863250732,
-0.9136732816696167,
-0.3160819709300995,
-0.3877870738506317,
0.5835874676704407,
-0.2783695161342621,
0.23081126809120178,
-0.049987319856882095,
0.13431286811828613,
0.34477710723876953,
-0.12464431673288345,
-0.3424130380153656,
0.017749696969985962,
0.5739119052886963,
-0.13164661824703217,
-0.5270624756813049,
0.4069267511367798,
0.19772635400295258,
0.2777029275894165,
-0.6841388940811157,
-0.03371965140104294,
-0.7840133309364319,
-0.4469635784626007,
-0.10900019109249115,
-0.1036730632185936,
-1.025208830833435,
0.04836490377783775,
-0.644069492816925,
-0.1311599314212799,
-0.17837795615196228,
0.2594726085662842,
0.0722394734621048,
-0.694257378578186,
-0.8875641822814941,
-0.18429197371006012,
-0.314983069896698,
0.6421439051628113,
0.26867637038230896,
0.28669580817222595,
0.035681795328855515,
0.29450371861457825,
0.211389422416687,
0.5069382786750793,
-0.4605407118797302,
0.09685353189706802,
0.11473553627729416,
0.30281034111976624,
0.08890040963888168,
0.15373657643795013,
0.1271301656961441,
-0.19944335520267487,
-0.08101412653923035,
0.1080261692404747,
0.71222323179245,
0.3610549569129944,
-0.9753478169441223,
-0.2042267769575119,
-0.2920640707015991,
0.03199806809425354,
0.5455818176269531,
-0.25536006689071655,
-0.6630045175552368,
0.015484482981264591,
-0.6576173901557922,
-0.3906646966934204,
0.5117310881614685,
0.3895064890384674,
-0.5186930894851685,
-0.4561089277267456,
-0.2604219317436218,
0.7458633184432983,
0.18674641847610474,
0.46781474351882935,
-0.20827801525592804,
0.16507497429847717,
-0.36626577377319336,
-0.1871419996023178,
0.7126559019088745,
-0.18823933601379395,
0.15144038200378418,
-0.1325002908706665,
0.6975727677345276,
-0.41555336117744446,
-0.2197517305612564,
0.2393360584974289,
-0.9812909364700317,
0.14577221870422363,
0.8713937997817993,
-0.27592551708221436,
-0.015500897541642189,
-0.10622362792491913,
0.852294921875,
0.15325218439102173,
0.4928845465183258,
-0.23965126276016235,
-0.5568168759346008,
0.4815947711467743,
0.14906491339206696,
-0.09394225478172302,
-0.21676787734031677,
0.20817624032497406,
-0.2867172360420227,
-0.1505155712366104,
-0.3192077875137329,
0.3084900677204132,
-0.715857744216919,
-0.26810792088508606,
0.024200251325964928,
0.11261072009801865,
1.1707618236541748,
0.16818296909332275,
-0.7718585133552551,
0.960540771484375,
-0.7183284163475037,
0.7330557107925415,
-0.028590936213731766,
-0.13351988792419434,
-0.5680535435676575,
-0.5213050246238708,
-0.5977015495300293,
-0.01055207196623087,
0.22684432566165924,
0.36865323781967163,
0.46416372060775757,
0.3044392466545105,
-0.06112271174788475,
-0.33876362442970276,
0.2755604088306427,
0.18127094209194183,
0.43191078305244446,
0.026285622268915176,
-0.37654152512550354,
-0.3682895302772522,
0.20878049731254578,
-1.056382417678833,
0.8461658954620361,
-0.2643616199493408,
0.7209721803665161,
0.42817261815071106,
-0.43747350573539734,
0.16274112462997437,
-0.3011377155780792,
0.35171931982040405,
0.009793725796043873,
-0.3390222191810608,
0.43313923478126526,
0.4926527738571167,
0.11845903098583221,
-0.13020816445350647,
0.064618319272995,
-0.34779754281044006,
-0.2764437794685364,
-0.3924761414527893,
0.7370694875717163,
0.06804829090833664,
0.11443174630403519,
-0.055084191262722015,
-0.7756624817848206,
0.6928328275680542,
0.07298950105905533,
-0.14123046398162842,
0.37682393193244934,
0.0981488823890686,
-0.5841289758682251,
-0.24703975021839142,
0.13705497980117798,
-0.25991472601890564,
0.41231417655944824,
0.4955359995365143,
-0.019560901448130608,
-0.052144620567560196,
-0.1564054936170578,
0.5237688422203064,
0.34350600838661194,
0.6162294745445251,
-0.14573237299919128,
0.12943418323993683,
0.23933452367782593,
0.5832512974739075,
-0.48139917850494385,
-0.39557868242263794,
-0.441502183675766,
-0.6598379015922546,
0.13920100033283234,
-0.1957065314054489,
0.279407799243927,
-0.6009191870689392,
-0.39187511801719666,
0.04561168700456619,
-0.2513321042060852,
0.3548128306865692,
-0.09622202068567276,
0.051857978105545044,
-0.6421597599983215,
-0.19606104493141174,
0.1279073804616928,
0.6488637328147888,
-0.2702481150627136,
-0.6045975089073181,
0.07704266905784607,
0.2412385195493698,
-0.015262836590409279,
-0.21520711481571198,
-0.049543626606464386,
0.23541252315044403,
-0.04486624896526337,
0.6855460405349731,
0.06725755333900452,
-0.04982886090874672,
0.3425491750240326,
0.5351980924606323,
0.2843741774559021,
0.07429593801498413,
-0.1031135618686676,
-0.1903466284275055,
0.056677430868148804,
0.8703293204307556,
0.2557874023914337,
0.6105639934539795,
0.44347527623176575,
-0.3061909079551697,
-0.06303615868091583,
0.2632446885108948,
-5.479258060455322,
-0.07202349603176117,
-0.2718266248703003,
0.2603597044944763,
1.0208591222763062,
-0.6862693428993225,
0.3573618233203888,
-0.6743521094322205,
-0.25340038537979126,
-0.3579997718334198,
-0.009815281257033348,
-0.08384755998849869,
-0.18885807693004608,
0.2721356153488159,
0.42491772770881653,
0.6533824801445007,
0.5519126653671265,
-0.3486611247062683,
0.11461137980222702,
0.3324357569217682,
-0.24623797833919525,
0.3598102927207947,
0.21873772144317627,
0.021396659314632416,
0.30852803587913513,
0.5143318772315979,
-0.09103286266326904,
0.08172447234392166,
-0.41597533226013184,
-0.5267435908317566,
0.15771573781967163,
-0.30560246109962463,
0.2660805284976959,
-0.3775053918361664,
-0.2834930717945099,
0.23323103785514832,
0.4477747678756714,
0.3721391260623932,
0.18281468749046326,
-0.0024079461582005024,
0.4968036413192749,
0.1903168261051178,
0.32057464122772217,
-0.049134984612464905,
0.41752946376800537,
-0.785749077796936,
-0.4032015800476074,
-0.04903895780444145,
-0.11633171141147614,
0.42999815940856934,
-0.635266125202179,
0.22517095506191254,
0.16275201737880707,
0.25642427802085876,
-0.15982356667518616,
-0.2767554819583893,
0.0879228413105011,
0.21431735157966614,
-0.013812944293022156,
-0.029424361884593964,
0.19355155527591705,
-0.5075342655181885,
0.014967316761612892,
-0.6108523011207581,
-0.6613655686378479,
-0.30746209621429443,
-0.15138478577136993,
0.6199420094490051,
0.039696190506219864,
0.1498519331216812,
0.07521983981132507,
-0.2879585027694702,
-0.027396006509661674,
-1.0032354593276978,
-0.44416096806526184,
-0.8531609177589417,
-0.4091542959213257,
-0.6118362545967102,
-0.06798495352268219,
-0.1767069399356842,
0.053997449576854706,
-0.09329631924629211,
-0.4277079999446869,
0.4483659863471985,
0.12285536527633667,
-0.6396000385284424,
-0.30917906761169434,
0.08242858201265335,
-0.8848925232887268,
-0.4356352388858795,
-0.3967261016368866,
-0.45068833231925964,
-0.28956374526023865,
0.9115151166915894,
0.7660914063453674,
0.11370307207107544,
0.1640455275774002,
0.28267166018486023,
-0.05098249390721321,
-0.04862362891435623,
0.19041337072849274,
-0.460690975189209,
0.16445454955101013,
-0.045170269906520844,
-0.15495170652866364,
-0.2657463550567627,
0.23145125806331635,
0.22527363896369934,
0.673318088054657,
-0.11689331382513046,
0.3915484845638275,
-0.4067932069301605,
-0.311843603849411,
-0.41642889380455017,
-0.11586686968803406,
-0.16452020406723022,
-0.3630426228046417,
0.1328570395708084,
-0.274592787027359,
0.1453860104084015,
0.03670720010995865,
0.1483154445886612,
-0.004434828646481037,
-0.2236652672290802,
-0.2240355908870697,
-0.1601562798023224,
0.5775847434997559,
-0.21377605199813843,
-0.7382741570472717,
-0.34075847268104553,
0.22907736897468567,
-0.23805716633796692,
-0.1061568409204483,
0.27735450863838196,
-0.132291778922081,
-0.2614955008029938,
0.08453918248414993,
0.1691562682390213,
-0.24759307503700256,
0.539913535118103,
0.15678365528583527,
-0.11427430063486099,
-0.12098703533411026,
0.08558469265699387,
0.339763343334198,
0.6254047751426697,
-0.10532350093126297,
0.28112053871154785,
-0.7472313642501831,
0.5499261021614075,
-0.34603574872016907,
-0.3356494903564453,
0.1412120908498764,
0.01503845863044262,
0.18113760650157928,
-0.18191194534301758,
-0.37365442514419556,
0.575635552406311,
-0.29767531156539917,
-0.11248301714658737,
-0.1591271460056305,
-0.24711090326309204,
-0.4194188416004181,
-0.3928048312664032,
0.40799593925476074,
0.31492507457733154,
-0.06051821634173393,
-0.5338464379310608,
-0.674564778804779,
0.33712196350097656,
0.12170609831809998,
-0.14820344746112823,
-0.6890366673469543,
-0.15019764006137848,
0.14834491908550262,
0.06617379933595657,
-0.010947136208415031,
0.04100600630044937,
-0.21798118948936462,
-0.08984436094760895,
0.4658558666706085,
-0.45667871832847595,
0.5354647040367126,
0.23320724070072174,
0.9146183729171753,
-0.41804757714271545,
-0.5355828404426575,
-0.3255469501018524,
0.17990493774414062,
-0.5365613102912903,
-0.05254022404551506,
-0.2797676622867584,
0.009165237657725811,
0.11901183426380157,
-0.31799498200416565,
-0.3900703191757202,
-0.14212414622306824,
-0.5410662293434143,
-0.4110623598098755,
0.31696340441703796,
-0.024237992241978645,
0.6609006524085999,
-0.4583839774131775,
0.9738559722900391,
-0.037693221122026443,
-0.509160041809082,
0.4982098937034607,
0.07988142222166061,
-0.005497154779732227,
0.5523953437805176,
-0.23051093518733978,
-0.7899420857429504,
0.49732112884521484,
0.8656363487243652,
-0.6979409456253052,
-0.0806574672460556,
-0.24598082900047302,
-0.22561673820018768,
-0.20228491723537445,
0.13677676022052765,
-0.3714633584022522,
-0.3842335045337677,
-0.16244150698184967,
0.07041101902723312,
-0.39425474405288696,
0.5725024342536926,
0.3142480254173279,
-0.5764443874359131,
0.7322704195976257,
-0.45091888308525085,
0.3863804340362549,
-0.10827446728944778,
-0.13266131281852722,
0.04201970249414444,
0.6577599048614502,
-0.5282002687454224,
0.36393922567367554,
-0.274064838886261,
-0.3109934628009796,
0.5342509150505066,
0.08514665067195892,
0.6723737120628357,
-0.3888184428215027,
-0.685510516166687,
-0.31871119141578674,
0.6893560886383057,
-0.05680639669299126,
0.10867723077535629,
-0.7140935063362122,
0.23719210922718048,
0.2691376507282257,
-0.4568849503993988,
-0.3178096115589142,
-0.42477405071258545,
-0.023294338956475258,
-0.4121324121952057,
-0.12260296940803528,
0.1275649517774582,
-0.3842565715312958,
-0.5436556935310364,
0.29668670892715454,
0.1815408319234848,
-0.6617793440818787,
0.3274095058441162,
-0.14241236448287964,
-0.3944016695022583,
-0.22927722334861755,
-0.3003068268299103,
0.14345034956932068,
0.06059041619300842,
-0.23291970789432526,
-0.6367505192756653,
-0.40090739727020264,
0.4997715651988983,
0.03502076119184494,
0.24659410119056702,
-0.3884682357311249,
-1.023039698600769,
0.9943238496780396,
-0.052507612854242325,
-0.5778586864471436,
0.21402865648269653,
0.07194709777832031,
-0.1366691291332245,
0.5298799276351929,
-0.46605631709098816,
0.31137216091156006,
0.4093399941921234,
-0.21101655066013336,
0.4573754072189331,
-0.18738120794296265,
-0.5532664656639099,
-0.10527335852384567,
-0.14167353510856628,
-0.1970091313123703,
0.17177559435367584,
0.2703283727169037,
-0.04660600796341896,
0.650258481502533,
-0.2652520537376404,
-0.8743667006492615,
0.9636222720146179,
0.498487263917923,
0.4444456696510315,
0.5503624081611633,
0.01631646789610386,
-0.6374032497406006,
-0.3894365131855011,
0.1153215616941452,
0.08707229048013687,
0.022413335740566254,
-0.3128306567668915,
0.6887418627738953,
0.5129234194755554,
-0.16869598627090454,
0.10398408025503159,
0.2412293404340744,
-0.8361296057701111,
0.21136629581451416,
0.3185810148715973,
-0.46637701988220215,
0.4963293969631195,
0.1665223240852356,
0.27660298347473145,
0.0895625576376915,
0.6124580502510071,
-0.6147987246513367,
-0.48116663098335266,
-0.021844536066055298,
0.5673336386680603,
0.027886390686035156,
0.01268927101045847,
-0.5048821568489075,
0.9191904067993164,
-0.24411632120609283,
-0.4258995056152344,
-0.008857101202011108,
-0.9650614857673645,
-0.24305753409862518,
0.342683345079422,
0.9584165811538696,
0.6706622242927551,
-0.4737011790275574,
0.2963782846927643,
-0.4595946669578552,
-0.05309508368372917,
0.2062031626701355,
0.43769797682762146,
-0.23388120532035828,
-0.08891373127698898,
0.2570556104183197,
0.04675978422164917,
0.31472593545913696,
-0.0727381482720375,
-0.18400247395038605,
0.9956197142601013,
0.21970191597938538,
-0.2953513264656067,
-1.0111783742904663,
0.24346323311328888,
-0.345235675573349,
0.6242462992668152,
0.7371662259101868,
-0.11189736425876617,
0.023585202172398567,
-0.2469230592250824,
0.6963725090026855,
0.07325884699821472,
0.0972089022397995,
0.325569748878479,
0.2033304125070572,
0.5780643224716187,
0.28149744868278503,
-0.7538678050041199,
0.26086562871932983,
0.6058133840560913,
-0.4749760627746582,
0.5884363055229187,
-0.016181103885173798,
-0.38608694076538086,
-0.32672515511512756,
-0.5408374667167664,
0.08403626829385757,
-0.18165767192840576,
-0.019920451566576958,
-0.588059663772583,
-0.3176785409450531,
0.7338448762893677,
-0.8272092938423157,
0.011111301369965076,
0.04796605557203293,
-0.5276274085044861,
0.2730810344219208,
0.5531490445137024,
-0.461842805147171,
-0.023853272199630737,
0.01616549864411354,
0.6650159955024719,
0.5644388198852539,
0.197926864027977,
0.001297713490203023,
-0.0579344667494297,
-0.9553848505020142,
0.24054691195487976,
-0.2977867126464844,
0.260346382856369,
-0.16962070763111115,
0.15213067829608917,
-0.5636293292045593,
-0.13280926644802094,
0.19840793311595917,
0.43567323684692383,
-0.24533915519714355,
0.27119290828704834,
-0.09233131259679794,
1.0287257432937622,
0.7940583229064941,
0.1978132724761963,
-0.3767283856868744,
0.4503922462463379,
-0.4015696346759796,
0.31649231910705566,
0.035301364958286285,
0.5286988615989685,
0.16711780428886414,
0.18176782131195068,
0.03155211731791496,
0.2602980136871338,
-0.47478023171424866,
0.1411130130290985,
-0.12921136617660522,
0.5664095282554626,
-0.8057613372802734,
0.7373577952384949,
-0.20138517022132874,
0.7483896017074585,
0.5788035988807678,
0.9469427466392517,
0.16583925485610962,
-0.5344656705856323,
-0.4784033000469208,
-0.3713941276073456,
0.6808198094367981,
0.17485792934894562,
0.17604653537273407,
0.0372006855905056,
-0.37205246090888977,
-0.07033978402614594,
-0.21205344796180725,
0.27087438106536865,
0.44314679503440857,
-0.521271288394928,
0.44244661927223206,
-0.617982804775238,
-0.13181686401367188,
-0.2701619863510132,
-0.03656824305653572,
-0.12978479266166687,
0.32366523146629333,
0.49322041869163513
]
|
128375 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%20Antony%27s%20College%2C%20Oxford | St Antony's College, Oxford | St Antony's College is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England. Founded in 1950 as the result of the gift of French merchant Sir Antonin Besse of Aden, St Antony's specialises in international relations, economics, politics, and area studies relative to Europe, Russia, former Soviet states, Latin America, the Middle East, Africa, Japan, China, and South and South East Asia.
The college is located in North Oxford, with Woodstock Road to the west, Bevington Road to the south and Winchester Road to the east. As of 2018, St Antony's had an estimated financial endowment of Β£43.8m. Formerly a men's college, it has been coeducational since 1962.
History
St Antony's was founded in 1950 as the result of the gift of Sir Antonin Besse of Aden, a merchant of French descent.
In 1947, Besse was considering giving around Β£2 million to the University of Oxford to found a new college. Ultimately, on the advice of his solicitor, R Clyde, who had attended New College, Besse decided to go ahead with the plan and permitted Clyde to approach the university with the offer. The university was initially unreceptive to the offer, and recommended that Besse instead devote his funds to improving the finances of some of the poorer existing colleges. Eventually Besse acquiesced, contributing a total of Β£250,000 in varied amounts to the following colleges: Keble, Worcester, St Peter's, Wadham, Exeter, Pembroke, Lincoln and St Edmund Hall. After this large contribution, the university decided to reconsider Besse's offer to help found a new college and, recognising the need to provide for the growing number of postgraduate students coming to Oxford, gave the venture their blessing; and in 1948, Besse signed a deed of trust appointing the college's first trustees.
The attention of the university then turned to providing the new college, by then called St Antony's, with a permanent home. Ripon Hall was initially considered as a good option for a building in which to house the college, but its owners refused to sell, forcing the university to continue its search for premises. They looked at several properties in quick succession, including Youlbury, the Wytham Abbey estate, and Manchester College, which was known to be in financial difficulties and which might thus consider the sale of its 19th-century Mansfield Road buildings. None of these options proved tenable, and the college began to look elsewhere. It is said that Besse became very frustrated with the university and its apparent lack of interest in his project at this point, and almost gave up any hope of its completion. However the college finally acquired its current premises at 62 Woodstock Road in 1950.
The College first admitted students in Michaelmas Term 1950 and received its Royal Charter in 1953. A supplementary charter was granted in 1962 to allow the college to admit women as well as men, and in 1963 the College became a full member of the University of Oxford. By 1952 the number of students at St Antony's had increased to 27 and by the end of the decade that number had risen to 260, amongst whom 34 different nationalities were represented. The college initially struggled due to a lack of funding, and in the late 1960s serious consideration was given to uniting St Antony's with All Souls College when All Souls announced its intention to take a more active role in the education of graduate students. The plan did not come to fruition; All Souls rejected the proposed federal nature of the combined institution, saying they would consider nothing less than a full merger, a proposal which St Antony's governing body did not support. St Antony's lack of funds was partly solved under the wardenship of William Deakin, who devoted himself to college fund-raising and secured a number of generous loans from the Ford and Volkswagen foundations. Since then, St Antony's has almost constantly been financially insecure. This led to the cancellation of a number of proposed physical developments at its site on Woodstock Road. Not until the 1990s was it feasible for the college to embark upon a new building programme; however, since then St Antony's has continued to expand and open new specialist centres for the pursuit of area studies. The college is now recognised as one of the world's foremost centres for such studies. and houses centres for the study of Africa, Asia, Europe, Japan, Latin America, the Middle East and Russia and Eurasia.
From the beginning Besse had expressed his hope that the new college, which he intended to open to men "irrespective of origin, race or creed", would prove instrumental in improving international cooperation and intercultural understanding. The college soon announced its primary role as such: "to be a centre of advanced study and research in the fields of modern international history, philosophy, economics and politics and to provide an international centre within the University where graduate students from all over the world can live and work together in close contact with senior members of the University who are specialists in their fields". The college is still true to its founding principle, remaining one of the most international colleges of the university, and home to many of Oxford's region-specific study departments. This latter feature, combined with the wardenship of William Deakin and St Antony's reputation as a key centre for the study of Soviet affairs during the Cold War, led to rumours of links between the college and the British intelligence services; the author Leslie Woodhead wrote to this effect, describing the college as "a fitting gathering place for old spooks".
The official annals of the university state that St Antony's was one of four colleges, along with All Souls, Nuffield and Christ Church, which made a concerted effort to establish external links. In St Antony's case, the college established wide-ranging connections with diplomats and foreign visitors; this is further commented on as having made the college "perhaps more significant than any other single development in Oxford's adjustment to the contemporary international academic environment".
The college's name alludes to its founder, whose name, Antonin Besse, is derived from the same linguistic root. For a long time it was not made clear whether Anthony the Great or Anthony of Padua was the intended namesake. The matter was finally settled in 1961, when the college finally deemed Anthony the Great to be more the appropriate choice, due to his links to one of the college's prime areas of specialisation - the Middle and Near East. Despite this, the college's banner is flown each year on both saints' days as a matter of tradition, and a statue of the "wrong" Anthony, Anthony of Padua (distinguished by his holding of the Christ child), stands in the college's Hilda Besse Building.
Buildings and grounds
Main building
The college's main building was built in the early Victorian era for the Society of the Holy and Undivided Trinity at the behest of Marian Rebecca Hughes, the first woman to take monastic vows within the Church of England since the reformation. The order commissioned Charles Buckeridge, a local architect of some renown, to design the convent buildings. After initially proposing a circular design based on the symbolism of the holy trinity, Buckeridge took to a more traditional approach and drew up the plans for what is now St Antony's main building some time before 1865. Whilst initially there were plans to enlarge the convent with a northerly extension, for which place was made in the building's design, further building never took place. The convent finally opened in November 1868.
The total cost of the initial build was eight thousand pounds, a considerable sum at that time. It is said that upon first seeing the convent's new premises, the architect William Butterfield commented that it was the 'best modern building in Oxford after my college', by which he meant Keble. St Antony's acquired the former convent in 1950 after it had been vacated by the convent and Halifax House, which had occupied the premises in the immediate post war period. The building's chapel, which was never consecrated and now houses the college library, was built in the years 1891β1894 to Buckeridge's original design. The three panel paintings round the apse of the former chapel are by Charles Edgar Buckeridge. The main building's undercroft, now the Gulbenkian Reading Room, was initially used by the nuns as a refectory, a role it continued to play until the completion of the Hilda Besse building in 1970.
1960s: The Hilda Besse Building
After a number of ambitious schemes, one of which had been designed by Oscar Niemeyer, to enlarge the college in the 1960s fell through due to lack of funds, the college decided to concentrate its efforts in providing for the construction of a small extension and acquisition of neighbouring properties. The Hilda Besse Building (then known as New Building) was opened in 1970; this building still serves its original purpose in housing the college's dining hall and graduate common room as well as a great number of ancillary meeting rooms. The next major expansion of the college came in 1993 with the completion of a new building to house the Nissan Institute for Japanese Studies and the Bodleian Japanese Library, whilst additional accommodation was not supplied until the Founder's Building was opened to mark the millennium in the year 2000.
2000s: The Gateway Buildings
In the early 21st century not much development took place until completion of the college's new Gateway Buildings in 2013, which provide a new main entrance to the college and form the east, and final, side of the college's first quadrangle. The funding for this was gained in part by Foulath Hadid who, for his outstanding services to the college, was elected to an Honorary Fellowship in 2004, and the Hadid Room, the college's meeting room, was named in his honour.
The Investcorp Building
As part of its ongoing development programme, St Antony's commissioned the construction of a new centre for Middle Eastern Studies. The Middle East Centre, or Investcorp Building, was designed by the Iraqi-British architect Zaha Hadid; it broke ground on 30 January 2013 and was opened as the Investcorp Building on 26 May 2015. The Guardian described it as a "writhing metallic slug that does its best to maul the two historic buildings between which its contorted body is slung". It was awarded the Sir Hugh Casson Award in 2015 for the worst new building of the year.
Student life and study
St Antony's College has some 450 students from over 66 nationalities; about half of the students have a first language other than English. Student interests are represented by an elected body, the Graduate Common Room (GCR) Executive, which is elected on an annual basis at the end of Michaelmas Term.
Most college accommodation is located on site, with around 104 en-suite bedrooms provided in the Gateway and Founder's buildings. Further rooms are to be found in converted Victorian houses both on site or very close by.
The college is host to the St Antony's Late Bar, located on the ground floor of the award-winning Hilda Besse building and serving students throughout the academic year. In addition to operating as a bar, it hosts numerous themed bops, culture/region/country nights, live music events (guest concerts, open-mic nights, Battle of the Bands), welfare/charity functions, various tastings and launch parties, among others. Recurring events include Halloqueen, USA Night, Latin Bop, Balkan Night, and the thrice-annual Drink the Bar Dry.
Libraries and publications
The Old Main Building - the former Holy Trinity Convent which was built in the 1860s - houses the College Library (including the Gulbenkian Reading Room) and the Russian and Eurasian Studies Centre Library. The College Library keeps general collections in modern history, politics, international relations and economics, collections on Europe, Asia, and the non-Slavonic collections on Russia and the former Soviet Union. It holds over 50,000 volumes and back issues of over 300 journal titles. It also houses some 20th-century archive collections, including the Wheeler-Bennett papers. St Antony's is associated with the Oxford Libraries Information System (OLIS), and has been a contributor to the university's online union library catalogue since 1990.
The other libraries on the College site are the Middle East Centre Library, the Bodleian Latin American Centre Library, the Bodleian Japanese Library and the Russian and Eurasian Studies Centre Library, the last of which was refurbished in 2008β2009 as part of the college's rolling construction and rejuvenation program. The college also holds an extensive collection of archival material relating to the Middle East at the Middle East Centre Archive, the premises of which were greatly expanded with the completion of Zaha Hadid's Softbridge building in mid-2014. The area studies libraries on site are unique within the university and thus generally open to all its students, regardless of college affiliation; they typically hold a wide collection of primary language sources and further Anglophone texts - an abundance of specialist material and unique expertise which prompted Leslie Woodhead to comment as follows:
The college's Graduate Common Room has, since 2005, published a biannual academic journal entitled the St Antony's International Review, which is more commonly known by its acronym - STAIR. The journal represents a medium through which aspiring young academics can publish their work alongside their established policy-makers and their peers. Furthermore, the college publishes a termly newsletter, the Antonian, and a college record - an annual report on college affairs.
Sports and societies
This environment is further fostered by a communal dining hall and active sports clubs for football and rowing, in which sport the college club won the Nephthys and Christ Church Regattas in 2011.
Rankings
As a postgraduate only college, St Antony's does not appear in the university's annual Norrington Table.
Traditions and attributes
St Antony's is a largely informal college, mandating the wearing of academic dress (sub fusc) only for the university's matriculation and graduation ceremonies. The college does not maintain a permanent high table, instead choosing to serve high table meals on a number of occasions each week for the college's fellows and visiting academics. Students often attend high table at the invitation of their supervisors. As a graduate college, St Antony's students play an important role in the day-to-day business of running the college through their elected body of representatives - the Graduate Common Room or GCR.
Coat of arms
The college's arms, granted in 1952, were designed in such a way so as to reflect the college's namesake - Anthony 'the Great' of Egypt. The red represents the Red Sea, whilst the gold was chosen to reflect desert sands. The mullets were borrowed from the founder's trade mark, whilst the T-shaped elements are traditional crosses of St Antony. The heraldic blazon for these arms is as follows:
Or on a chevron between three tau crosses gules as many pierced mullets of the field.
The college's motto 'plus est en vous' is sometimes added in complement to its arms. When this is the case, they are typically placed upon a scroll beneath the escutcheon (shield); this version of the arms is most commonly found on the cover of St Antony's Papers issues. The motto itself can be translated literally as 'there is more in you', although it is commonly taken to imply the following English expression: 'There is more to you than meets the eye'.
Grace
St Antony's is one of nine colleges at the university to employ the 'two-word' Latin grace. This is statistically the most popular form of grace said at hall in Oxford and also in Cambridge, where it is used by five colleges. The grace is read out in two parts at the college's formal meals, which take place thrice each term. The first half of the grace or ante cibum is said before the start of the meal and the second, the post cibum, once the meal has ended. It is read as follows:
Benedictus benedicat - "May the Blessed One give a blessing"
Benedicto benedicatur - "Let praise be given to the Blessed One"
The grace is said in keeping with tradition. However, unlike at most Oxford colleges, St Antony's does not require its students to stand and acknowledge the saying of grace. The second half of the grace or post cibum can also be translated as "Let a blessing be given by the Blessed One".
People associated with St Antony's
Wardens
The first Warden of the college was Sir William Deakin (1950β1968), a young Oxford academic who in the Second World War became an adventurous soldier and aide to Winston Churchill. He won Antonin Besse's confidence and played the key role in turning his vision into the centre of excellence that St Antony's has become. Sir Raymond Carr (1968β1987), a distinguished historian of Spain, expanded the college and its regional coverage and opened its doors to visiting scholars from all over the world.
Sir Ralf Dahrendorf (later Lord Dahrendorf) (1987β1997) came to St Antony's after a distinguished career as a social theorist and politician in Germany, a European Commissioner and Director of the London School of Economics. He further enlarged the college and developed its role as a source of policy advice. The previous Warden, Sir Marrack Goulding (1997β2006), served in the British Diplomatic Service for 26 years before becoming an Under Secretary-General at the United Nations. His appointment underlined the international nature of the college and its links with government and business. Following the retirement of the fifth Warden of the College Margaret MacMillan in October 2017, social anthropologist Roger Goodman was elected Warden, having previously served in an acting capacity between 2006 and 2007.
Sir William Deakin, 1950β1968
Sir Raymond Carr, 1968β87
Sir Ralf Dahrendorf (1987β1993), later Lord Dahrendorf, 1987β97
Sir Marrack Goulding, 1997β2006
Roger Goodman, (acting), October 2006 - July 2007
Margaret MacMillan, 2007β2017
Roger Goodman, 2017β
Former students
St Antony's alumni (Antonians) have achieved success in a wide variety of careers; these include writers, politicians, academics and a large number of civil servants, diplomats and representatives of international organisations.
Former students with careers as politicians and civil servants include GuΓ°ni Th. JΓ³hannesson, the 6th President of Iceland, Γlvaro Uribe, who was President of Colombia from 2002 to 2010 and his Minister of Foreign Affairs Jaime BermΓΊdez, Yigal Allon, a deputy and acting Prime Minister of Israel, former Vice President of the European Commission and current Finnish Minister of Economic Affairs Olli Rehn, the Dutch Minister of Foreign Trade and Development Cooperation and former UN Special Coordinator for Lebanon Sigrid Kaag, the former Secretary of State for Wales John Redwood, former EU Commissioner Jean Dondelinger, the Canadian politician John Godfrey, Gary Hart, a former US Senator and presidential candidate, and US Rep. Tom Malinowski (D-NJ), a former US Assistant Secretary of State for Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor. Diplomats Joseph A. Presel, Gustavo Bell and Shlomo Ben-Ami are also Antonians. Furthermore, Minouche Shafik, Deputy Governor of the Bank of England and former managing director of the International Monetary Fund, is an Antonian, as are three-time Pulitzer Prizeβwinning journalist Thomas Friedman and Pulitzer Prize-winning war correspondent Dexter Filkins.
Further Antonians include Anne Applebaum, former editor at The Economist, Jorgo Chatzimarkakis, Member of the European Parliament, book author Agnia Grigas, the Bulgarian communist Lyudmila Zhivkova, Indian journalist Sagarika Ghose and Rhodes scholar Chrystia Freeland, Canada's Minister of Foreign Affairs and a former director at Thomson Reuters.
In academia, Sir Christopher Bayly was Vere Harmsworth Professor of Imperial and Naval History at the University of Cambridge, whilst Wm. Roger Louis is Kerr Chair in English History and Culture at the University of Texas at Austin, Craig Calhoun, current president of the Berggruen Institute is the former director of the London School of Economics, where he remains Centennial Professor, Frances Lannon is the principal of Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford. Richard Evans is the Regis professor of Modern History at Cambridge, Anthony Venables holds Oxford's BP professorship in Economics and was Chief Economist at the UK's Department for International Development; Paul Kennedy is the Dilworth professor of British History at Yale, Rashid Khalidi a professor at Columbia and Michael T. Benson is the president of Coastal Carolina University.
The college also counts the Olympic gold medal-winning swimmer Davis Tarwater, the talented screenwriter Julian Mitchell and the historian Margaret MacMillan amongst its alumni.
Academics
Timothy Garton Ash, journalist and author on European matters
Mats Berdal, Professor of Security and Development at the Department of War Studies, King's College London.
Archie Brown, historian of the end of the Cold War and author of The Gorbachev Factor
Paul Collier, Director of the Centre for the Study of African Economies at Oxford
Michael Kaser, economist and author of Soviet Economics
Homa Katouzian, literary critic and scholar of Iranian studies
Paul Kennedy, J. Richardson Dilworth Professor of History; Director, International Security Studies, Yale University
Alan Knight, post-critical historian, Director of the Latin American Centre, and author of the two-volume award-winning book The Mexican Revolution (1986)
Wm. Roger Louis, historian and scholar of the British Empire, especially Decolonization.
Kalypso NicolaΓ―dis, Professor of International Relations and Director of the European Studies Centre
Tariq Ramadan, Professor of Contemporary Islamic Studies
Oliver Ready, translator of Russian literature
Robert Service, historian of the USSR and biographer of Vladimir Lenin and Joseph Stalin
Avi Shlaim, historian writing on the Arab-Israeli conflict.
Vivienne Shue, FBA, sinologist and author of "The Reach of the State"
Omer Bartov, historian writing on genocide focused on the Holocaust; author of seven books.
Arnab Goswami, Journalist, Editor-in-Chief(Republic Media Networks)
Former fellows
Michael Herman, founder of the Oxford Intelligence Group
Foulath Hadid, Honorary Fellow
Albert Hourani, Founder-Director, Middle East Centre, St Antony's College, Oxford
James Joll, historian, fellow (1950β67)
Sudipta Kaviraj, Professor of Political Sciences, Columbia University, New York
Frank McLynn, historian and biographer
Tapan Raychaudhuri, Emeritus Fellow, St Antony's College, Oxford
Giulio Angioni, Italian writer and anthropologist
JosΓ© Cutileiro, Portuguese diplomat, historian, and author
Michael Aris, leading Western authority on Bhutanese, Tibetan and Himalayan culture, Husband of Burmese opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi
Gallery
References
External links
Official website
Graduate Common Room website
Colleges of the University of Oxford
Educational institutions established in 1950
Buildings and structures of the University of Oxford
1950 establishments in England | [
-0.28639206290245056,
0.6364452838897705,
0.30806177854537964,
-1.0092642307281494,
-0.1970435082912445,
0.991413414478302,
0.7850006222724915,
1.0061492919921875,
-0.6598207950592041,
-0.45582616329193115,
-0.593041718006134,
-0.10079441964626312,
0.3451249897480011,
0.20807909965515137,
0.6044116616249084,
-0.31124091148376465,
0.7011260390281677,
0.5391861200332642,
0.2399270236492157,
-1.0000520944595337,
-0.20565177500247955,
0.13520686328411102,
-0.6144376993179321,
0.5127171277999878,
0.12564991414546967,
-0.06429456174373627,
0.35197412967681885,
-0.2530533969402313,
-0.1826370507478714,
-0.39219382405281067,
0.4603201746940613,
0.0602288618683815,
-0.18296167254447937,
-0.4394158124923706,
0.20667867362499237,
-0.6990440487861633,
0.19015926122665405,
-0.520828127861023,
-0.21092857420444489,
-0.03898278623819351,
-0.3855920135974884,
-0.06194562464952469,
0.49586358666419983,
0.23035232722759247,
-0.5225721001625061,
-0.7095947265625,
-0.8209574818611145,
0.2636497914791107,
-0.8020631670951843,
0.10200391709804535,
0.25573065876960754,
0.33926627039909363,
0.5664170980453491,
0.010751696303486824,
0.04569665715098381,
0.24599698185920715,
-0.9137668013572693,
0.35914361476898193,
0.45305266976356506,
-0.10201424360275269,
0.007195702288299799,
0.8704721927642822,
-0.3956673741340637,
0.7021263241767883,
-0.19412244856357574,
0.17237834632396698,
0.3045104146003723,
0.25438982248306274,
-1.3902299404144287,
-0.28658172488212585,
-0.5412567257881165,
-0.5287460684776306,
-0.13349907100200653,
0.5867322683334351,
-0.8355720043182373,
-0.678686797618866,
-0.12228525429964066,
0.5066304802894592,
0.4572908580303192,
0.002073918702080846,
0.737368643283844,
0.27029910683631897,
0.5049758553504944,
0.5427137017250061,
0.9402322769165039,
0.7788928747177124,
-1.078688621520996,
-0.18177059292793274,
-0.34202155470848083,
0.5540042519569397,
-0.4995555281639099,
0.06654027104377747,
-0.11774870753288269,
0.16834722459316254,
0.4709751605987549,
-0.1266067624092102,
-0.31497329473495483,
0.06155680865049362,
0.37750446796417236,
-0.07343487441539764,
-0.38597598671913147,
0.11208999156951904,
0.47886955738067627,
-0.08308271318674088,
-0.578319787979126,
-0.13947264850139618,
-0.913096010684967,
-0.4823550283908844,
-0.17857658863067627,
0.2263450175523758,
-1.3361282348632812,
-0.003599395276978612,
-0.6907706260681152,
-0.11383133381605148,
-0.319586843252182,
-0.1195528656244278,
-0.11386735737323761,
-0.35939961671829224,
-0.8590942621231079,
-0.4515064060688019,
-0.2323409914970398,
0.6085675358772278,
0.3056463301181793,
0.4033854007720947,
-0.3191586136817932,
0.6575827598571777,
0.3207569718360901,
0.3370005488395691,
-0.2206013947725296,
0.10506100207567215,
0.36992308497428894,
0.747460663318634,
0.22948095202445984,
-0.14952968060970306,
0.06011604145169258,
-0.276478111743927,
0.05256292223930359,
0.14381104707717896,
0.5441501140594482,
0.28912273049354553,
-0.813554048538208,
-0.09302778542041779,
-0.42795416712760925,
0.16063794493675232,
0.702795684337616,
-0.18638280034065247,
-0.5684851408004761,
0.05123934522271156,
-0.19391582906246185,
-0.4414237141609192,
0.48957082629203796,
0.33502063155174255,
-0.47732049226760864,
-0.0972629263997078,
-0.3591110110282898,
0.38303622603416443,
0.21144640445709229,
0.3370325565338135,
0.2635960876941681,
0.09120716899633408,
-0.27766919136047363,
0.127555251121521,
0.5981777906417847,
0.11714106053113937,
-0.039892762899398804,
0.0008397790952585638,
0.28865841031074524,
-0.633827805519104,
-0.5308350324630737,
0.31911155581474304,
-0.9671511650085449,
0.41692274808883667,
0.7267810106277466,
-0.5972725749015808,
-0.14506663382053375,
-0.24198763072490692,
0.9382900595664978,
0.36584579944610596,
0.4330469071865082,
-0.44475579261779785,
-0.6094125509262085,
0.28418153524398804,
-0.21474634110927582,
-0.180206298828125,
-0.07870312035083771,
-0.012636220082640648,
-0.18118426203727722,
0.08105266094207764,
-0.46626436710357666,
0.043335288763046265,
-0.7469817996025085,
-0.2484099119901657,
-0.446533739566803,
-0.3345057964324951,
1.1937328577041626,
0.11803294718265533,
-0.5065625905990601,
0.8291088342666626,
-0.36664074659347534,
0.9296842813491821,
-0.10636990517377853,
-0.2955504357814789,
-0.4154059588909149,
-0.2125423699617386,
-0.687299907207489,
-0.022130293771624565,
0.28061622381210327,
0.1694689840078354,
0.7300262451171875,
0.5558286905288696,
0.14463308453559875,
-0.27765920758247375,
0.20016466081142426,
0.37688031792640686,
0.3842560946941376,
-0.23695240914821625,
-0.3730284571647644,
-0.436241090297699,
0.1039230227470398,
-0.9809011816978455,
0.9874189496040344,
-0.48710569739341736,
0.7893601655960083,
0.04697110876441002,
-0.40154311060905457,
0.34587234258651733,
-0.0887986570596695,
0.3172793388366699,
-0.059750694781541824,
-0.260420024394989,
0.4784642457962036,
0.568640947341919,
-0.03635668754577637,
0.09239711612462997,
-0.09117565304040909,
-0.9834050536155701,
-0.29743045568466187,
-0.7300330996513367,
0.5157523155212402,
-0.08003178238868713,
0.32596322894096375,
-0.46254342794418335,
-0.7932679057121277,
0.8131208419799805,
0.06445206701755524,
0.22665908932685852,
0.4483931064605713,
0.26887810230255127,
-0.4605577290058136,
-0.16747695207595825,
0.1549033671617508,
-0.11004067212343216,
0.3694412112236023,
0.35076576471328735,
0.11746855825185776,
0.02225315570831299,
-0.1251242607831955,
0.6223379373550415,
0.004259165842086077,
0.30150869488716125,
-0.13453537225723267,
0.2068897932767868,
0.59154212474823,
0.6770827174186707,
-0.3745030462741852,
-0.2712562680244446,
-0.44201722741127014,
-0.7046220898628235,
0.1286119967699051,
-0.26267215609550476,
0.5012452006340027,
-0.6068517565727234,
-0.36699244379997253,
0.015917133539915085,
-0.5376008152961731,
0.35704004764556885,
-0.2150583118200302,
0.06354955583810806,
-0.791469395160675,
-0.0509561225771904,
0.34677526354789734,
0.739811360836029,
-0.5848046541213989,
-0.5293514728546143,
-0.45609375834465027,
0.18667978048324585,
-0.11951631307601929,
-0.3410411775112152,
-0.21690881252288818,
-0.19874988496303558,
-0.18395325541496277,
0.5876734852790833,
-0.04667474329471588,
0.19874384999275208,
-0.11456876993179321,
0.1822904497385025,
0.6084096431732178,
-0.01695842109620571,
0.0835433378815651,
-0.2614981532096863,
0.08505323529243469,
0.8873904347419739,
0.3073999583721161,
0.6556121110916138,
0.6616913080215454,
-0.6535521149635315,
0.023918891325592995,
0.23355330526828766,
-5.181182384490967,
-0.04643237963318825,
-0.08730956166982651,
0.43900933861732483,
1.4512357711791992,
-0.49521970748901367,
0.432942271232605,
-0.708979606628418,
-0.3682999312877655,
-0.5390132069587708,
-0.6158902645111084,
-0.06830693036317825,
-0.44332653284072876,
0.4240168631076813,
0.437120258808136,
0.8585284352302551,
0.4069405496120453,
0.014466509222984314,
0.2021034061908722,
0.5033215880393982,
-0.5104795098304749,
0.5368741154670715,
0.24323751032352448,
0.265754371881485,
0.26619988679885864,
0.7917999625205994,
-0.21417662501335144,
0.2876316010951996,
-0.5484868288040161,
-0.5008165240287781,
0.30617964267730713,
-0.09961582720279694,
0.1764344424009323,
-0.49655818939208984,
-0.39006105065345764,
0.07329364120960236,
0.5660434365272522,
0.107867032289505,
0.10939596593379974,
0.003683569608256221,
0.42030417919158936,
0.3767384886741638,
0.08335520327091217,
-0.23445098102092743,
0.40628156065940857,
-0.7234323024749756,
-0.6152004599571228,
0.05750904977321625,
-0.14181110262870789,
0.4385417103767395,
-0.8491128087043762,
0.3530236780643463,
0.43952903151512146,
0.27452388405799866,
-0.2775115370750427,
-0.5601098537445068,
0.28130096197128296,
0.16647592186927795,
-0.037283942103385925,
-0.08179342746734619,
0.39399421215057373,
-0.5790191888809204,
-0.3335898518562317,
-0.9330511093139648,
-0.5089569091796875,
-0.27540603280067444,
0.023601684719324112,
0.42724981904029846,
-0.07506570219993591,
0.3348536789417267,
-0.251731276512146,
0.1308906078338623,
-0.12065526843070984,
-0.8201104402542114,
-0.21371395885944366,
-0.8321977257728577,
-0.3226158320903778,
-0.21992158889770508,
0.08788125216960907,
0.059328027069568634,
0.05532076954841614,
-0.15636208653450012,
-0.23311851918697357,
0.3927719295024872,
0.060455258935689926,
-0.8040981292724609,
-0.2644948959350586,
0.18387426435947418,
-0.8384250402450562,
-0.4846411943435669,
-0.3267083466053009,
-0.21023902297019958,
-0.24244359135627747,
0.6568360924720764,
0.5623360276222229,
0.26798170804977417,
-0.21764253079891205,
0.447465181350708,
-0.08913643658161163,
0.08264753967523575,
0.20164327323436737,
-0.5983561873435974,
-0.15794524550437927,
0.3071500360965729,
-0.11635696142911911,
-0.7641246914863586,
0.35635924339294434,
0.23360972106456757,
0.26103678345680237,
-0.144915372133255,
0.39431512355804443,
-0.3665426969528198,
-0.7964559197425842,
-0.031290262937545776,
-0.0719870775938034,
-0.2630678713321686,
-0.3843041956424713,
0.32507821917533875,
-0.37675249576568604,
0.4129836857318878,
0.17191056907176971,
-0.09387816488742828,
0.05240832641720772,
-0.24435585737228394,
-0.32406988739967346,
-0.1772477775812149,
0.2507077157497406,
-0.39672768115997314,
-0.5432618856430054,
-0.41291823983192444,
0.06786603480577469,
-0.39263492822647095,
-0.059757210314273834,
0.14605101943016052,
-0.14607270061969757,
-0.22058460116386414,
-0.23573006689548492,
0.03226857632398605,
0.17833159863948822,
0.746773362159729,
0.019708430394530296,
0.07917118072509766,
-0.36801663041114807,
0.07332520186901093,
0.6213733553886414,
0.8279057741165161,
-0.19160041213035583,
0.09937451779842377,
-0.5732125043869019,
0.6418048143386841,
-0.40290942788124084,
-0.40732768177986145,
0.258055716753006,
0.07786140590906143,
0.3321290910243988,
-0.33299317955970764,
-0.452809602022171,
0.901687502861023,
-0.1341838389635086,
-0.13441219925880432,
-0.3244200050830841,
-0.4037843346595764,
-0.6521806120872498,
-0.26626497507095337,
0.7874327301979065,
0.0471472293138504,
0.11428090929985046,
-0.5081592798233032,
-0.8341058492660522,
0.5085211396217346,
-0.009544763714075089,
0.06944058835506439,
-0.6437107920646667,
-0.05416794493794441,
-0.01503110770136118,
0.05722266808152199,
0.03260966017842293,
0.14261357486248016,
-0.09480244666337967,
0.01871783286333084,
0.6188480257987976,
-0.393433541059494,
0.2527269721031189,
0.15818344056606293,
0.6591674089431763,
-0.3691817820072174,
-0.7207219004631042,
-0.8068872094154358,
0.29723939299583435,
-0.4940321147441864,
-0.11747526377439499,
-0.16288167238235474,
0.15859989821910858,
0.07868993282318115,
-0.44999122619628906,
-0.7268931269645691,
-0.33315756916999817,
-0.6082636117935181,
-0.3706522583961487,
-0.19857382774353027,
0.08219029009342194,
0.8158069849014282,
-0.5428052544593811,
1.0027657747268677,
0.2986197769641876,
-0.6886209845542908,
0.8000794649124146,
0.41037362813949585,
0.056362494826316833,
0.5869796276092529,
-0.024360977113246918,
-0.8639122247695923,
0.113408163189888,
0.6320965886116028,
-0.770350456237793,
-0.35687655210494995,
-0.24344892799854279,
-0.33141615986824036,
-0.19218289852142334,
0.09968771785497665,
-0.41535645723342896,
-0.5009127855300903,
-0.4342717230319977,
-0.10059463232755661,
-0.6404682993888855,
0.606931746006012,
0.20738829672336578,
-0.6773167252540588,
0.9016171097755432,
-0.7612871527671814,
0.28901466727256775,
0.05231894552707672,
-0.3740544319152832,
0.2555103600025177,
0.6212025284767151,
-0.23005206882953644,
0.1466013342142105,
-0.2356962263584137,
-0.30172690749168396,
0.3613825738430023,
0.10473057627677917,
0.89532870054245,
-0.30810728669166565,
-0.9535865783691406,
-0.32803624868392944,
0.47951042652130127,
0.3816022276878357,
0.2663774788379669,
-0.8614333868026733,
0.005297175142914057,
0.43691596388816833,
-0.5981707572937012,
-0.2970374822616577,
-0.7666178941726685,
-0.13731712102890015,
-0.2777985632419586,
-0.23475776612758636,
0.10231165587902069,
-0.45952779054641724,
-0.17263372242450714,
0.21342800557613373,
0.0805894210934639,
-0.5739665627479553,
0.3929644227027893,
0.20900219678878784,
-0.26432135701179504,
-0.1838289201259613,
-0.21389976143836975,
0.21623413264751434,
-0.4584670662879944,
-0.11060473322868347,
-0.41569405794143677,
-0.041715484112501144,
0.14006783068180084,
0.12119419872760773,
0.29846349358558655,
-0.2604966163635254,
-0.8419653177261353,
1.267996072769165,
-0.026965025812387466,
-0.387934148311615,
0.3103088140487671,
0.18041735887527466,
-0.4085615277290344,
0.8145739436149597,
-0.6005755662918091,
0.0680873766541481,
0.4477855861186981,
-0.33852431178092957,
0.5239107608795166,
-0.33650773763656616,
-0.229175865650177,
0.036135006695985794,
0.25380170345306396,
-0.0946422591805458,
0.16842861473560333,
0.2952350378036499,
-0.20445561408996582,
0.7955858707427979,
-0.3552667498588562,
-0.6142057180404663,
1.097091555595398,
0.5851289629936218,
0.2620781362056732,
0.35673269629478455,
0.16603782773017883,
-0.4396679401397705,
-0.22393696010112762,
0.0027604277711361647,
0.14436055719852448,
0.31004053354263306,
0.024296775460243225,
0.7935048341751099,
0.6262560486793518,
-0.4389553964138031,
0.38370588421821594,
0.7367149591445923,
-0.7516727447509766,
0.22738593816757202,
0.31260472536087036,
-0.39457160234451294,
0.3197997808456421,
0.4008539021015167,
0.2814178168773651,
-0.2760251760482788,
0.5532213449478149,
-0.671119213104248,
-0.39050039649009705,
0.2407769113779068,
0.5287445187568665,
0.17712445557117462,
0.0031329409684985876,
-0.23218245804309845,
0.6873646974563599,
-0.4192580282688141,
-0.4409571886062622,
0.11814089119434357,
-0.8365290760993958,
-0.29955998063087463,
0.2467794418334961,
0.9009547829627991,
0.7868168950080872,
-0.4284745156764984,
0.44730186462402344,
-0.6297428607940674,
0.008458145894110203,
0.18547211587429047,
0.37290486693382263,
-0.32526832818984985,
0.23389846086502075,
-0.05742475017905235,
0.4894675016403198,
0.07527531683444977,
0.15160119533538818,
-0.043957341462373734,
0.5815843939781189,
0.1875946968793869,
0.024139966815710068,
-0.6163527965545654,
0.14106059074401855,
-0.22570796310901642,
0.6340251564979553,
0.7310521006584167,
-0.05596170946955681,
-0.2104826420545578,
-0.07469344139099121,
0.6676779389381409,
-0.19192104041576385,
0.13323341310024261,
0.4836280047893524,
0.21291181445121765,
0.4107744097709656,
0.30215176939964294,
-0.7354773283004761,
0.21051350235939026,
0.4718703627586365,
0.044087402522563934,
0.6728694438934326,
0.03221474960446358,
-0.16851790249347687,
-0.27809053659439087,
-0.49710264801979065,
-0.15241864323616028,
0.3614296019077301,
0.2226174920797348,
-0.41429439187049866,
-0.9795283675193787,
0.6529493927955627,
-0.6583199501037598,
-0.11197472363710403,
0.1908603310585022,
-0.23855900764465332,
0.12572979927062988,
0.051647353917360306,
-0.5550972819328308,
-0.1715683490037918,
0.25327855348587036,
0.5236973762512207,
0.5184087157249451,
-0.0024300236254930496,
0.32391268014907837,
0.09456966817378998,
-0.7334646582603455,
0.14840470254421234,
-0.08627372235059738,
0.48395824432373047,
-0.2786940634250641,
0.5324810743331909,
-0.774105966091156,
-0.10036318004131317,
-0.09228821843862534,
0.5264174342155457,
-0.3808572292327881,
0.3397943675518036,
-0.24402105808258057,
1.2173683643341064,
0.5565276145935059,
0.24701985716819763,
-0.30122554302215576,
0.030268708243966103,
-0.41953542828559875,
0.19177670776844025,
-0.20685556530952454,
0.3976770341396332,
0.3887646496295929,
0.09833627939224243,
-0.04890594631433487,
0.38860589265823364,
-0.480821430683136,
0.3428100645542145,
0.033223170787096024,
0.5102784633636475,
-0.5454847812652588,
0.24982477724552155,
-0.34297066926956177,
0.6078795194625854,
0.556510329246521,
1.3485267162322998,
0.4471112787723541,
-0.6265026926994324,
-0.6252070069313049,
-0.26673391461372375,
0.42048773169517517,
0.2971845865249634,
0.20157378911972046,
-0.1346234828233719,
-0.5583943128585815,
-0.2824613153934479,
-0.3054458796977997,
0.3567395806312561,
0.4168618321418762,
-0.23370356857776642,
0.418607622385025,
-0.6493019461631775,
-0.1206478700041771,
-0.12980233132839203,
0.11873355507850647,
-0.28406384587287903,
0.7094876766204834,
0.771833598613739
]
|
128376 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%20Benet%27s%20Hall%2C%20Oxford | St Benet's Hall, Oxford | St Benet's Hall (known colloquially as Benet's) is a Permanent Private Hall (PPH) of the University of Oxford. Its principal building is located at the northern end of St Giles' on its western side, close to the junction with Woodstock Road, Oxford.
Established in 1897 by Ampleforth Abbey, St Benet's Hall original historic function was to allow its monks to be able to study for secular degrees at the university. The hall historically has a Benedictine and Roman Catholic ethos.
Today, St Benet's Hall hosts an international community consisting of 79 undergraduate students and 44 graduate students of all faiths and none. Unlike other Colleges, St Benet's Hall does not have a High Table, but one Common Table which is shared by all members of the Hall.
St Benet's was the last constituent body of the University of Oxford admitting men alone to read for undergraduate and graduate degrees until 2016. It was also the last single-sex college or hall in the university after St Hilda's College, the last all-women's college in Oxford, admitted men in 2008. In November 2013, the hall formally announced its intention to admit women graduate students within one year and women undergraduates as soon as additional housing facilities were obtained. Women were admitted as graduate students in October 2014 and as undergraduates in October 2016. Thus, 2016 is the year that all constituent colleges and halls of the university became fully co-educational. The University of Cambridge still has two constituent colleges for women only.
The 2007 review of the PPHs conducted by the university concluded that St Benet's had a "good sense of its place within the collegiate University" and drew attention to the "commitment and care" of the hall's academic staff. In May 2013, the Student Barometer survey results showed that St Benet's Hall has the highest overall student satisfaction score out of the 44 constituent colleges and permanent private halls of the university.
In December 2021 the University announced that it would temporarily cease to accept undergraduate matriculations from the Hall, owing to serious financial issues.
History
Benedictine heritage
Benedictine monks had studied and taught at Oxford since at least 1281 when Gloucester Abbey founded Gloucester College. The area today known as Gloucester Green was named after this college. In 1291, Durham Abbey founded Durham College, and in 1362 Christ Church Priory in Canterbury founded Canterbury College. All three Benedictine colleges were closed between 1536 and 1545 during the Dissolution of the Monasteries under Henry VIII. Gloucester College was eventually re-founded as Worcester College. Durham College was re-founded as Trinity College. The original college's name is preserved in Trinity's Durham Quadrangle. Canterbury College's property was acquired by Christ Church. Until the establishment of St Benet's Hall in 1897, the Benedictines had been absent from the university for over 350 years.
St Benet's Hall is not a re-foundation of any of the former Benedictine colleges of Oxford. Rather, the hall is an indirect descendant of Westminster Abbey by virtue of its establishment by Ampleforth Abbey. In the 960s or early 970s, Saint Dunstan, assisted by King Edgar, installed a community of Benedictine monks at Westminster. Although the English Benedictine priories and abbeys were closed during the Dissolution of the Monasteries, one solitary Benedictine monastery was re-established in Westminster Abbey in 1553 by Mary I as part of her unsuccessful attempt to restore Catholicism in England. After her death, Elizabeth I dissolved the monastery once again. By 1607, only one of the Westminster monks was still alive, Dom Sigebert Buckley (c. 1520β1610). Buckley professed a group of English monks in 1608 and thereby passed onto them the rights and privileges of the ancient English Benedictine Congregation. They then went into exile in France. In 1615, these English monks took up residence in the abandoned collegiate church of Saint Laurent, in the town of Dieulouard, near Nancy in the Lorraine region of north-eastern France. The monks adopted St Lawrence as their patron saint. In 1792, Dieulouard Priory was closed and the monks were expelled from France as part of the hostility against the clergy associated with the French Revolution. They opted to return to England.
At that same time in England, a Benedictine priest, Fr Anselm Bolton, was the chaplain to Lady Anne Fairfax at Gilling Castle, North Yorkshire. She was the only daughter of Charles Gregory Fairfax, 9th and last Viscount Fairfax of Emley. She built Ampleforth Lodge for Fr Bolton just before she died in 1792. In 1802, Bolton handed this house over to his brethren from Dieulouard who had been living in England without a permanent home for a decade. The lodge became their new monastery, Ampleforth Priory. In 1803, the monks established Ampleforth College, today a prestigious Catholic independent secondary school. In October 1897, the Priory established a hall of studies in Oxford for the purpose of enabling monks to read for secular degrees at the University of Oxford. The Priory was elevated to the status of an independent abbey in 1899 by Pope Leo XIII in the Papal Bull Diu quidem est. Ampleforth Abbey renamed the hall of studies as St. Benet's Hall in 1918 when it became a Permanent Private Hall of the university.
Private hall
Private halls of study at the university took their name from their Master, and the hall was known successively as Hunter-Blair's Hall and Parker's Hall. The Hall was not established as a theological college, but rather as a hall of studies so that the student monks could read for a degree in any subject. Today, however, the hall only admits undergraduate students to read for degrees in the humanities. Graduates are admitted for the humanities and select social sciences.
The hall was initially housed at 103 Woodstock Road. This house is still in existence, opposite SS Philip and James Church, and is now a guest-house. The hall was there until 1904, when it moved to the former Grindle's Hall in Beaumont Street, from which it removed in 1922 to the present buildings of 38 and 39 St Giles. The Beaumont Street houses were demolished in 1938 to make space for the Oxford Playhouse theatre.
Permanent Private Hall of the University of Oxford
St Benet's became a Permanent Private Hall of the university in 1918 when new university legislation created the status of PPH. It took as its official name Aula Privata Sancti Benedicti (in English, "St Benet's Hall"). Benet is an English variant of the name Benedict. The hall is named after St Benedict of Nursia (c.480β547), the founder of the Benedictine order, father of western monasticism and patron saint of Europe and of students. The governing body of the hall are the trustees of the St Benet's Education Trust. The trust's chairman is ex officio the Abbot of Ampleforth Abbey.
The character of the Hall changed over the years. With the decline of monastic vocations in the 1960s, more and more Roman Catholic laymen were admitted under Master James Forbes, including some Old Amplefordians. Under Master Philip Holdsworth (1979β1989) the Hall became again monastic and also more theological in character with many monks from the English Benedictine Congregation and other Benedictine Congregations doing their theology course at Blackfriars. Master Henry Wansbrough (1990β2004) started again to admit laymen, thus creating a mixed focus on theology, philosophy and the humanities.
38 and 39 St Giles
The hall has occupied 38 and 39 St Giles since 1923. The building dates from 1830 and was constructed as two separate houses (38 and 39). The site was previously part of a coster's (i.e., fruit seller's) yard and stable. In the nineteenth century, the two houses served as private homes for several Anglican clergy connected to the university and to a number of widows of independent means.
The north hall (38 St Giles) was, in 1841, occupied as the private dwelling of the Rev. Philip Bliss, Registrar of the University of Oxford and later principal of St Mary's Hall. Bliss lived there with his wife and four servants. A decade later, it was the home of the university's public orator and vice principal and later principal of Magdalen Hall, the Rev. Richard Michell. In 1874, Michell became first principal of the refounded Hertford College. After a two-year period as the Oxford High School (1879β1881), it became a private home once more, belonging briefly to Charlotte Cotton, widow of the Rev. Richard Lynch Cotton, provost of Worcester College (1881β1882). It then belonged to the Rev. S. J. Hulme, chaplain of Wadham College (1884β1887). In 1889, it served briefly as the Oxford Eye Hospital which is today part of the John Radcliffe Hospital. In 1891, it was acquired by Madame de Leobardy and opened as St Ursula's Convent, a boarding and day school for Roman Catholic girls.
The south hall (39 St Giles) was the private home of Letitia Pett (1841β1846) and Maria Brown (1852β1861), both widows. It was then acquired by the Rev.Richard Greswell, tutor in theology at Worcester College, and his family (1861β1881). After his death in 1881, his widow Joanna Greswell lived in the house until 1894. The British military historian Sir Charles William Chadwick Oman, a fellow of All Souls College and the Chichele Professor of Modern History, acquired the house in 1898 and lived there until 1908. In 1909, it too was purchased by Madame de Leobardy and became an extension of the convent school next door.
St Ursula's Convent School closed in 1922. Ampleforth Abbey acquired both buildings in 1923 and combined the two sections into one hall. It was the sole building of St Benet's Hall until 2015.
11 Norham Gardens
In 2015, St Benet's Hall acquired the villa and hall of residence owned by the Sisters of the Sacred Heart, at 11 Norham Gardens, next to University Parks and near Lady Margaret Hall in October 2015. The original Victorian Gothic villa was built in 1860 and designed by William Wilkinson, who also designed the Randolph Hotel, Oxford. Norham Gardens is in an area originally known as Norham Manor and was owned by St John's College. Past occupants of 11 Norham Gardens include Henry Balfour, the first curator of the Pitt Rivers Museum, and Francis Llewellyn Griffith, the first professor of Egyptology at Oxford. Griffith's archaeological finds form the backbone of the Egyptian collections at the Ashmolean Museum.
In 1932, the Society of the Sacred Heart, a Roman Catholic order of nuns, purchased the villa. The purpose of this acquisition was to provide accommodation for women students at Oxford registered at the Society of Oxford Home-Students which later became St Anne's College. In 1951, a new wing was added as a student hostel providing 21 rooms. These rooms also accommodated women at St Anne's, which became a constituent college of the university in 1952. The association with St Anne's lessened over time and women students (mostly undergraduates) from across the university lived in the hostel, whilst the Sisters lived in the villa. By the 1990s the student population in the hostel became entirely postgraduate, housing both men and women of any faith or none. In spring 2015, the Sacred Heart Sisters decided to sell the house and hostel complex to St Benet's Hall to enable the hall to become fully co-educational by Michaelmas Term 2016.
Modern status
Until 2012, the master of the hall was always a Benedictine monk. The hall retains a monastic prior as well as a chaplain, both of whom are monks. The hall now principally admits laymen and women both as undergraduates and postgraduates. While there is no requirement that members of the hall should be Catholics - and most are not - all are asked to be supportive of the monks' life and values.
As St Benet's is a PPH of the university, its fellows do not constitute its governing body; but they share with the master the day-to-day running of the hall, and elect one of their number to serve as a trustee of the St Benet's Education Trust. The hall matriculates students to be members of the university, and those of its members who have matriculated are full members of the university in all ways, and are able to supplicate for degrees on the successful completion of their studies. For most of its members the only noticeable difference made by the hall's legal status is that it is very much smaller than any of the Oxford constituent colleges.
On 1 September 2012, Werner Jeanrond, formerly holder of the 1640 Chair of Divinity at the University of Glasgow, became the new master of St Benet's Hall. He was the first Catholic layman ever to run the hall. Jeanrond was a full member of the Faculty of Theology and Religion at Oxford and was engaged in both teaching and research, as well as serving as head of house.
The current subjects in which undergraduate students are admitted by St Benet's are Theology, Philosophy and Theology, Theology and Oriental Studies, History, History and Politics, History and Economics, Philosophy, Politics and Economics (PPE), Classics, Classics with Oriental Studies, Oriental Studies (Egyptology; Egyptology and Ancient Near Eastern Studies, Islamic Studies, Hebrew Studies, and Jewish Studies), Oriental Studies with Classics, and Human Science. The hall admits graduate students from the same subjects as undergraduates as well as those studying at the Blavatnik School of Government, the Institute of Cognitive and Evolutionary Anthropology, and the SaΓ―d Business School.
In December 2021, the University announced that it would not be accepting undergraduate matriculations from the Hall in 2022. The joint public statement read: "It has become clear that the Hall's financial prospects are so uncertain that the University cannot be confident that the Hall can support a new undergraduate cohort for the full duration of their studies".
Student life
Unlike other colleges and PPHs, St Benet's has a joint common room (JCR) of which all students at the hall are members. The JCR has its own committee. The JCR is responsible for running the St Benet's bar and gym facilities.
Sport
Despite the small size of the hall, the St Benet's Hall Boat Club has put an eight boat on the river for many years. In recent years, it has had a good record of winning 'blades', the trophy awarded for 'bumping' (rowing past teams ranked above) every day in the Torpids and Summer Eights bumps races. The Boat Club's M1 won blades most recently in 2019.
The Hall also has its own netball, rugby sevens, and field hockey teams, as well as a football team joint with Regent's Park College. The Benet's rugby sevens team is the back-to-back 2018 and 2019 Oxford University rugby sevens champion.
Refectory
Members of the hall are entitled to invite guests to all meals. A tradition of the hall is that there is one Common Table for all members, with the result that fellows, lecturers, monks, students, and their guests mix freely.
Coat of arms
St Benet's Hall uses the same Coat of Arms of Ampleforth Abbey and Ampleforth College, but, like the College, without the abbot's crozier and galero (ecclesiastical hat with tassels). The arms were granted to the Abbey by the English College of Arms in 1922. The abbey made the application to the College of Arms to regularise its armorial position as the lineal descendant of Westminster Abbey. The purpose of this move was to conform to proper authority and thus not be open to the charge of lack of consideration for post-Reformation bodies already bearing variants of the Westminster arms in their own line of heraldic descent.
The Pre-Reformation City of Westminster sometimes used a red shield with two keys in saltire to symbolise Saint Peter to whom its Abbey Church was dedicated. In addition, Westminster also used a blue shield with a gold βcross floryβ between five gold martlets (heraldic birds). This forms the attributed arms of St Edward the Confessor (reign 1042β1066), the last Anglo-Saxon king of England, who is regarded as the principal patron and founder of Westminster Abbey. Both these arms appear in the chief (top portion) of the shield. The base (lower portion) of the shield is gold and blue divided βdancettΓ©β (by a zigzag line). This represents the arms of the pre-Reformation Abbots of Westminster who would place their personal coat of arms in the top portion (chief) of the shield. The last Benedictine Abbot of Westminster to use this coat of arms was John Feckenham (c. 1515β1584) who was removed from office by Elizabeth I in 1560 at the final suppression of the Abbey. The abbey church then became known as the Collegiate Church of St Peter, Westminster, which remains its official name to this day.
The present shield of Ampleforth Abbey, Ampleforth College, and St Benet's Hall is thus a combination of three shields β the first representing St Peter (top left), the second representing St Edward the Confessor (top right), and the bottom representing the pre-Reformation Benedictine Abbots of Westminster. The heraldic blazon of the arms is as follows: Per fesse dancettΓ© Or and Azure a chief per pale Gules and of the second charged on the dexter with two keys in saltire Or and Argent and on the sinister with a Cross Flory between five martlets of the first. Although not official, the motto associated with the hall is Ausculta, O fili, praecepta magistri which translates as "Listen, O [my] son, to the precepts of [thy] master." This is taken from the Latin original of the opening line of the prologue to the Rule of St. Benedict.
Graces
The following grace is said in Latin before every formal hall, which at St Benet's is held on Tuesday, Thursday and Sunday. It is said by the master or a person he designates. In addition, after grace, an undergraduate student reads a short passage from the Rule of St Benedict in English.
Gratiarum actio ante cibum
Benedic Domine,
nos et haec tua dona
quae de tua largitate sumus sumpturi,
per Christum Dominum nostrum. Amen
Grace before the meal
Bless us, O Lord,
and these thy gifts
which we are about to receive from thy bounty,
through Christ our Lord. Amen.
Grace after the meal is said in Latin after formal hall by the chaplain in the following form:
Gratiarum actio post cibum
Agimus tibi gratias,
omnipotens Deus,
pro universis beneficiis tuis,
qui vivis et regnas in saecula saeculorum. Amen.
Grace after the meal
We give thee thanks,
O almighty God,
for all thy benefits,
who livest and reignest for ever and ever. Amen.
People associated with St Benet's
Masters
Professor Richard Cooper is the current master of St Benet's Hall.
St Benet's has had twelve masters since it was established in 1897:
Oswald Hunter Blair OSB (1898β1909)
Anselm Parker OSB (1909β1920)
Justin McCann OSB (1920β1947)
Gerard Sitwell OSB (1947β1964)
James Forbes OSB (1964β1979)
Philip Holdsworth OSB (1979β1989)
Fabian Cowper OSB (1989β1990)
Henry Wansbrough OSB (1990β2004); Editor of the New Jerusalem Bible
Leo Chamberlain OSB (2004β2007)
Felix Stephens OSB (2007β2012)
Werner Jeanrond (2012β2018)
Richard Cooper (2018β)
Fellows
Notable present and former fellows of the hall include:
Brian Klug, senior research fellow in Philosophy (2000β)
Susan Doran, fellow in history (2007β)
Harry Sidebottom, fellow and director of studies in ancient history (2008β2014)
Honorary fellows
Leo Chamberlain; Master of St Benet's Hall 2004β2007; Titular Cathedral Prior of Gloucester
Peter Hennessy, Baron Hennessy of Nympsfield, FBA; Attlee Professor of Contemporary British History, Queen Mary, University of London
Werner Jeanrond; Master of St Benet's Hall 2012β2018; Professor of Systematic Theology (Dogmatics), University of Oslo
Henry Mayr-Harting; emeritus Regius Professor of Ecclesiastical History, University of Oxford
Peter Sutherland GCIH, KCMG, SC; previously Attorney General of Ireland. He also held office as non-executive chairman of Goldman Sachs International, chairman of the London School of Economics, and Consultor of the Extraordinary Section of the Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See.
Henry Wansbrough; Master of St Benet's Hall 1990β2004; Titular Cathedral Prior of Norwich 2004β2009; Titular Cathedral Prior of Durham
Notable alumni
John Balme, alumnus, American conductor, opera manager, and pianist
David Blair, alumnus and chief foreign correspondent for the Daily Telegraph
Bishop Donald Joseph Bolen, alumnus and Roman Catholic Bishop of Saskatoon
Damian Collins, alumnus and Member of Parliament (MP) for Folkestone and Hythe
John Cornwell, alumnus, author, and academic at Jesus College, University of Cambridge
Lumumba Stanislaus-Kaw Di-Aping, alumnus and Sudanese diplomat
Cardinal Basil Hume OM, OSB (1923β1999), alumnus, Abbot of Ampleforth (1963β1976) and Archbishop of Westminster (1976β1999)
Professor Olegario GonzΓ‘lez de Cardedal, alumnus and chair of theology, Pontifical University of Salamanca, Spain
Martin Jennings, alumnus and sculptor
Sir Anthony Kenny, FBA, alumnus, analytical philosopher, and former Master of Balliol College, Oxford
General Jacko Page, alumnus and lieutenant general of the 6th Infantry Division, British Army
Columba Stewart, alumnus and American Benedictine monk, scholar, executive director of the Hill Museum & Manuscript Library in Collegeville, Minnesota
See also
English Benedictine Congregation
References
Further reading
Wansbrough, Henry; Marett-Crosby, Anthony (ed.), Benedictines in Oxford (London: Darton, Longman and Todd, 1997). ; .
External links
University of Oxford: St Benet's Hall
St Benet's Hall
St Benet's Hall Boat Club
Educational institutions established in 1897
Permanent Private Halls of the University of Oxford
Benedictine colleges and universities
Buildings and structures of the University of Oxford
1897 establishments in England | [
-0.08028396964073181,
0.3121775686740875,
0.6056535840034485,
-0.9383377432823181,
-0.19340819120407104,
0.7248954772949219,
0.4450928866863251,
0.37444740533828735,
-0.9712143540382385,
-0.35829418897628784,
-0.8175984621047974,
0.03786246106028557,
-0.022488510236144066,
0.23537421226501465,
0.026163754984736443,
-0.26126405596733093,
1.1107577085494995,
0.314865380525589,
-0.048326216638088226,
-0.9348724484443665,
0.11432994902133942,
-0.07682706415653229,
-0.39174965023994446,
0.3083876967430115,
-0.004464094061404467,
-0.28033214807510376,
0.22866323590278625,
-0.6585028171539307,
0.09082874655723572,
-0.0042155832052230835,
0.5309452414512634,
0.1149887815117836,
0.13478566706180573,
-0.5522011518478394,
0.4573418200016022,
-0.5013540983200073,
0.3206203281879425,
-0.42207977175712585,
0.034519024193286896,
0.07499509304761887,
-0.06941969692707062,
-0.4341144859790802,
-0.19030959904193878,
0.474505215883255,
-0.7109171748161316,
-0.6628367304801941,
-0.6737892627716064,
0.27006861567497253,
-1.3296934366226196,
0.10060644894838333,
-0.22878775000572205,
0.21675507724285126,
0.5114272236824036,
0.15567979216575623,
0.35656943917274475,
0.05327560752630234,
-0.797378420829773,
-0.05807071551680565,
0.8170550465583801,
-0.014563384465873241,
0.27559715509414673,
0.5561526417732239,
0.2124265432357788,
0.32682231068611145,
-0.5167916417121887,
-0.29480358958244324,
0.1057339683175087,
0.2837313115596771,
-0.7339458465576172,
-0.20914718508720398,
-0.7688243389129639,
-0.009163400158286095,
-0.010100745595991611,
-0.017894333228468895,
-0.3333691954612732,
-0.5328018069267273,
0.031262319535017014,
0.2612534165382385,
0.44562700390815735,
0.05763264745473862,
0.4819931089878082,
0.28200775384902954,
0.3497006595134735,
0.32412272691726685,
0.6404305100440979,
0.7580017447471619,
-1.0171940326690674,
-0.08023309707641602,
-0.32411375641822815,
0.3429996371269226,
-0.5525498390197754,
-0.0988464504480362,
0.167307049036026,
-0.16844922304153442,
0.25864800810813904,
-0.23846033215522766,
0.2439822256565094,
-0.367105633020401,
0.3789556324481964,
0.25561296939849854,
-0.09337680786848068,
0.45433905720710754,
0.24748025834560394,
-0.27958735823631287,
-0.23540495336055756,
0.08830058574676514,
-0.9245132803916931,
-0.7645386457443237,
0.06371477991342545,
-0.1724543571472168,
-0.9317602515220642,
-0.07211756706237793,
-0.6985562443733215,
0.19737520813941956,
-0.27795329689979553,
0.5766652822494507,
0.25507596135139465,
-0.4975573718547821,
-0.7693319320678711,
-0.24601905047893524,
-0.6638810038566589,
0.8107221126556396,
0.1662660390138626,
0.28405314683914185,
-0.033648863434791565,
-0.3474951386451721,
0.040946975350379944,
0.33821484446525574,
-0.3011680245399475,
-0.19422917068004608,
0.2825238108634949,
0.7549718618392944,
0.5212306380271912,
-0.4918566942214966,
-0.015130562707781792,
-0.08680740743875504,
-0.11423709243535995,
0.2644488513469696,
0.2084447294473648,
0.33159372210502625,
-0.40554356575012207,
-0.06820271164178848,
0.0723891407251358,
0.03391534462571144,
0.680906355381012,
0.0557461641728878,
-0.46119436621665955,
-0.6094872355461121,
-0.07660946249961853,
-0.5720241069793701,
0.24467989802360535,
0.042119160294532776,
-0.012075873091816902,
-0.5204806923866272,
-0.19125139713287354,
0.5153452157974243,
0.34774744510650635,
0.25138530135154724,
0.025184176862239838,
-0.07731372117996216,
-0.22778528928756714,
-0.2648925483226776,
0.3832622468471527,
0.20898593962192535,
0.18965116143226624,
0.12791207432746887,
0.5834230780601501,
-0.22610361874103546,
-0.15582169592380524,
-0.05144444480538368,
-0.7568928003311157,
-0.21264712512493134,
0.8645521998405457,
-0.10891932249069214,
-0.01997504197061062,
0.10899713635444641,
0.8937686681747437,
0.10835307836532593,
0.33206143975257874,
-0.3711968958377838,
-0.7262516021728516,
-0.08536479622125626,
0.0936591848731041,
-0.47825494408607483,
0.3383239209651947,
-0.1310701221227646,
-0.03430939093232155,
0.14559994637966156,
-0.24698933959007263,
0.1134248822927475,
-0.5064833164215088,
-0.363799124956131,
0.24605309963226318,
-0.024000391364097595,
1.4299249649047852,
0.4559052288532257,
-0.5897418856620789,
0.8669958114624023,
-0.002180651528760791,
0.824077308177948,
-0.1690063774585724,
-0.0781133845448494,
-0.09281837195158005,
-0.1618773490190506,
-0.32474908232688904,
0.021189982071518898,
0.3324190676212311,
0.2809501588344574,
0.6848981380462646,
0.0396919809281826,
0.32409051060676575,
-0.673672080039978,
0.42966997623443604,
0.17764924466609955,
-0.2588749825954437,
-0.3745380640029907,
-0.05504973605275154,
-0.1982969045639038,
-0.06208629161119461,
-0.5622482299804688,
1.3064650297164917,
0.2411959022283554,
0.6208252310752869,
0.14393271505832672,
-0.6753293871879578,
0.5249860882759094,
-0.39082589745521545,
0.09158512949943542,
0.41808024048805237,
0.16570855677127838,
0.1503966897726059,
0.34780845046043396,
-0.09379266202449799,
0.24994908273220062,
-0.4413391947746277,
-0.24848446249961853,
-0.2665872573852539,
-0.7829504609107971,
0.3795171082019806,
-0.44986286759376526,
0.2268139123916626,
-0.03146720305085182,
-0.641598641872406,
0.40227293968200684,
0.14208801090717316,
0.23996034264564514,
0.2736769914627075,
0.8378123641014099,
-0.2227635383605957,
0.1080683246254921,
0.1942359209060669,
0.17091554403305054,
0.4455565810203552,
0.1704607903957367,
0.566835880279541,
-0.23021569848060608,
0.12333376705646515,
0.8808392882347107,
0.08026204258203506,
0.6370536684989929,
-0.5857890844345093,
0.23020176589488983,
0.2656685411930084,
0.7509605884552002,
-0.699475109577179,
-0.5125579833984375,
0.20683766901493073,
-0.6622257828712463,
0.3929097056388855,
-0.394018292427063,
0.40256351232528687,
-0.927722156047821,
-0.7983301877975464,
0.3567720353603363,
-0.2796202003955841,
0.03426042199134827,
0.48728665709495544,
-0.3077266216278076,
-0.4364880323410034,
-0.5462355017662048,
0.4039033055305481,
0.8631964921951294,
-0.22566494345664978,
-0.23620407283306122,
-0.032885611057281494,
0.26184093952178955,
-0.24259954690933228,
-0.3077048659324646,
0.19565539062023163,
0.006654117722064257,
0.024111485108733177,
0.9032323956489563,
0.45850738883018494,
0.05497315898537636,
-0.09493757784366608,
0.6000091433525085,
0.3586409091949463,
-0.6119601726531982,
0.45117366313934326,
-0.18722982704639435,
-0.17320437729358673,
0.6016244888305664,
-0.0911647230386734,
0.4750692844390869,
0.9688249826431274,
-0.3873380124568939,
-0.10200969129800797,
0.11784277856349945,
-5.405330181121826,
0.3364199995994568,
-0.1852683126926422,
0.43709295988082886,
1.1009172201156616,
-0.32415056228637695,
0.4029599726200104,
-0.6257019639015198,
-0.5019446611404419,
-0.526277482509613,
-0.5988218188285828,
-0.2708384692668915,
-0.05470666661858559,
0.5795621275901794,
0.219585120677948,
0.8702094554901123,
0.09573778510093689,
0.11327279359102249,
0.5438746213912964,
0.12010102719068527,
-0.41427481174468994,
0.4741831421852112,
0.10108326375484467,
-0.05323554202914238,
0.21127642691135406,
0.6480385661125183,
-0.5436646342277527,
0.29742327332496643,
-0.990328311920166,
-0.023699186742305756,
0.22718220949172974,
-0.16383236646652222,
-0.5196912884712219,
-0.27106210589408875,
-0.655570387840271,
0.37838417291641235,
0.4880724847316742,
-0.11187524348497391,
-0.2056252658367157,
-0.19919106364250183,
0.5663297772407532,
0.6797707080841064,
0.304269403219223,
-0.09706348180770874,
0.31477704644203186,
-0.3864699900150299,
-0.8981633186340332,
-0.36450111865997314,
-0.18319536745548248,
0.031162627041339874,
-0.4433644115924835,
0.7025706768035889,
0.476180762052536,
-0.2002653181552887,
-0.10131553560495377,
-0.13116024434566498,
0.28724393248558044,
0.3847832679748535,
-0.20153498649597168,
-0.1419822722673416,
0.41184523701667786,
-0.3560822606086731,
-0.12598228454589844,
-0.31310784816741943,
0.0516403503715992,
-0.7324995994567871,
0.0026188185438513756,
0.5427342653274536,
0.47315165400505066,
-0.03735838457942009,
0.15026846528053284,
0.23425188660621643,
-0.2311462014913559,
-1.010711908340454,
-0.31677308678627014,
-0.6482897400856018,
-0.302870512008667,
-0.2514856457710266,
-0.07515016943216324,
0.33748099207878113,
-0.10976390540599823,
-0.3662070631980896,
-0.8525134921073914,
0.2129458785057068,
0.21465884149074554,
-0.7867398262023926,
-0.40481579303741455,
0.18464986979961395,
-0.834636390209198,
-0.21732197701931,
-0.4845375716686249,
-0.3280269503593445,
-0.2919583022594452,
0.44918596744537354,
0.24063707888126373,
0.27457699179649353,
-0.20732536911964417,
0.6966269612312317,
0.14566576480865479,
0.5221944451332092,
0.1499989926815033,
-0.6622301340103149,
-0.07152373343706131,
-0.1368941068649292,
0.20995618402957916,
-0.20335476100444794,
0.15447360277175903,
0.7443349361419678,
0.4144734740257263,
-0.11015816032886505,
0.08851911872625351,
0.014584720134735107,
-0.2581672966480255,
-0.1905490756034851,
0.06882530450820923,
-0.42517080903053284,
-0.555981457233429,
0.439125657081604,
-0.3260299265384674,
0.06658865511417389,
-0.08420628309249878,
0.14941167831420898,
0.2919170558452606,
-0.24273549020290375,
-0.6798272728919983,
-0.03691397234797478,
0.11550568044185638,
-0.668161928653717,
-0.09206559509038925,
-0.5837727189064026,
0.14865045249462128,
0.009945640340447426,
0.402789831161499,
0.1997171938419342,
-0.08028478175401688,
-0.4464823603630066,
-0.265107661485672,
-0.03186483681201935,
-0.29730984568595886,
0.24562422931194305,
-0.09083382785320282,
-0.126220703125,
-0.3628823161125183,
0.5443176031112671,
0.5740669965744019,
0.5968368649482727,
-0.307774156332016,
0.3557903468608856,
-1.163393259048462,
0.5924888849258423,
-0.15809431672096252,
-0.03437880799174309,
-0.29402875900268555,
-0.4554916322231293,
0.014389047399163246,
-0.3853304386138916,
-0.5260387659072876,
0.7646165490150452,
0.2964977025985718,
0.13848362863063812,
0.009733082726597786,
-0.10380635410547256,
-0.5602321028709412,
-0.42797228693962097,
0.1264161914587021,
-0.22439296543598175,
0.17125970125198364,
-0.29115453362464905,
-0.9014385938644409,
0.1340985745191574,
0.1956280618906021,
-0.31273534893989563,
-0.834364116191864,
-0.18912433087825775,
0.5466875433921814,
0.1498265117406845,
0.33019518852233887,
0.0915452316403389,
-0.0395694263279438,
0.49713757634162903,
-0.029170671477913857,
-0.1328878253698349,
0.06456132978200912,
0.38418856263160706,
0.6934783458709717,
-0.4908665716648102,
-0.28475749492645264,
-0.21044182777404785,
0.3812592923641205,
-0.7156344056129456,
0.11167560517787933,
-0.42519959807395935,
0.09600111097097397,
0.19149382412433624,
-0.22506366670131683,
-1.0187758207321167,
0.21247385442256927,
-0.4101518988609314,
-0.28635263442993164,
-0.1045372486114502,
0.22561179101467133,
0.80539470911026,
-0.6576089859008789,
0.9070748090744019,
0.4025011956691742,
-0.7201083302497864,
0.24854207038879395,
-0.27104365825653076,
-0.0872248038649559,
0.8569782972335815,
-0.2850300967693329,
-0.6256617903709412,
0.2771361470222473,
0.5617009401321411,
-0.2560676038265228,
0.03318744897842407,
-0.009543754160404205,
-0.6402430534362793,
-0.18706099689006805,
-0.2930246889591217,
-0.42504656314849854,
-0.20243817567825317,
-0.3569384217262268,
-0.24096336960792542,
-0.8759751915931702,
0.40239572525024414,
0.2484787553548813,
-0.6473267674446106,
1.1940900087356567,
-0.9532574415206909,
0.39639002084732056,
-0.11081798374652863,
0.10499866306781769,
0.4397212564945221,
0.2618357837200165,
-0.11691942811012268,
-0.19196604192256927,
0.0032892159651964903,
-0.24077875912189484,
0.573422908782959,
0.041953589767217636,
1.063529133796692,
-0.2924838364124298,
-0.9664490818977356,
-0.7234082818031311,
0.3272205591201782,
0.4408664405345917,
0.24106496572494507,
-0.6283907294273376,
-0.015727857127785683,
0.3075307309627533,
-0.36773133277893066,
-0.25534823536872864,
-0.21248190104961395,
0.41979673504829407,
-0.3120340406894684,
0.381202757358551,
-0.3568227291107178,
0.11202167719602585,
-0.03361707180738449,
0.20443087816238403,
0.2076404094696045,
-0.6333401799201965,
0.37592384219169617,
-0.151310995221138,
-0.046307165175676346,
-0.12663337588310242,
-0.5395733714103699,
-0.0014861903619021177,
-0.20537038147449493,
-0.5524377226829529,
-0.3628033399581909,
-0.30705124139785767,
-0.16108593344688416,
-0.4728914797306061,
-0.0009007184416987002,
0.1206030398607254,
-0.657827615737915,
0.6303573846817017,
-0.5241376757621765,
-0.5450143814086914,
0.2913869619369507,
0.4539828598499298,
-0.24005092680454254,
0.31334593892097473,
-0.4738690257072449,
-0.016155527904629707,
0.0041164616122841835,
-0.11946197599172592,
0.4020906388759613,
-0.37528350949287415,
-0.4227263927459717,
-0.2610858082771301,
0.33471471071243286,
0.06782061606645584,
0.3912101984024048,
0.004097290802747011,
0.12409523874521255,
0.2937951982021332,
0.09240102022886276,
-0.7996874451637268,
0.45160236954689026,
0.4129743278026581,
0.2500523626804352,
0.509432852268219,
0.22131696343421936,
-0.2727556824684143,
-0.3702336251735687,
-0.47543856501579285,
-0.2672635018825531,
0.13200388848781586,
0.00948429200798273,
0.42455023527145386,
0.7205252051353455,
-0.4639336168766022,
-0.22408874332904816,
0.5876335501670837,
-0.615169107913971,
-0.014329900033771992,
0.4510238468647003,
-0.4169175326824188,
0.0458868145942688,
0.325486421585083,
0.017047591507434845,
-0.13305330276489258,
0.6446386575698853,
-0.49314776062965393,
-0.4948499798774719,
-0.2550601065158844,
0.6174673438072205,
0.47908535599708557,
-0.20516882836818695,
-0.48382332921028137,
0.678283154964447,
0.014709562994539738,
-0.4025120437145233,
0.2064337283372879,
-0.5134052634239197,
-0.23935727775096893,
0.359529048204422,
0.37480971217155457,
0.32900500297546387,
-0.8153117895126343,
0.3217763900756836,
-0.8636560440063477,
0.12322598695755005,
0.11390089243650436,
0.5615181922912598,
0.0053665367886424065,
0.5629866719245911,
0.057249072939157486,
0.23331815004348755,
0.23562227189540863,
-0.09205112606287003,
-0.059885647147893906,
0.5591997504234314,
0.5465511083602905,
-0.0647757425904274,
-0.7377039194107056,
0.3007563650608063,
0.3502312898635864,
1.018935203552246,
0.46443596482276917,
-0.1439586877822876,
-0.22329148650169373,
-0.023841816931962967,
0.3348643183708191,
0.24731291830539703,
0.15600478649139404,
0.4575507342815399,
0.08918021619319916,
0.5076629519462585,
0.06454894691705704,
-0.5999056696891785,
0.1796073615550995,
0.10374093800783157,
0.038553386926651,
0.3958278298377991,
0.3209013044834137,
-0.3873016834259033,
0.13686473667621613,
-0.42665717005729675,
-0.1761738359928131,
-0.20729324221611023,
0.23221717774868011,
-0.62929368019104,
-0.39612051844596863,
0.6185045838356018,
-0.6143499612808228,
-0.048220787197351456,
-0.015703968703746796,
-0.47755664587020874,
-0.08315525203943253,
0.34531116485595703,
-0.34641188383102417,
-0.15845684707164764,
0.046409718692302704,
0.8648580312728882,
0.16863112151622772,
-0.2021455466747284,
-0.041594985872507095,
0.29238566756248474,
-0.5485973358154297,
0.1001068651676178,
0.5039153099060059,
0.26404044032096863,
-0.2982451021671295,
0.15245762467384338,
-0.8759573101997375,
-0.11277904361486435,
0.3351716101169586,
0.28779661655426025,
-0.3082616329193115,
0.4057766795158386,
-0.21726679801940918,
0.9885515570640564,
0.07359254360198975,
0.3725565969944,
-0.46068474650382996,
0.21554332971572876,
-0.014633291400969028,
0.27336424589157104,
0.5266446471214294,
0.5631495118141174,
-0.1809460073709488,
0.19640551507472992,
0.2649199664592743,
-0.2520195245742798,
-0.60443115234375,
0.060075175017118454,
0.29282575845718384,
0.028169026598334312,
-0.8997039198875427,
-0.02171195298433304,
-0.5284489989280701,
0.6527126431465149,
0.6383217573165894,
1.1923481225967407,
0.026632891967892647,
-0.3709070384502411,
-0.14920243620872498,
-0.052310455590486526,
0.7029632925987244,
0.5041047930717468,
0.11178921908140182,
0.20565615594387054,
-0.3731894791126251,
-0.5419426560401917,
-0.41671282052993774,
0.1516553908586502,
0.6418392062187195,
-0.2202579528093338,
0.7625717520713806,
-0.6933367252349854,
0.07391487061977386,
-0.1707223355770111,
-0.4242990016937256,
0.15954294800758362,
0.33494699001312256,
0.6789187788963318
]
|
128377 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%20Edmund%20Hall%2C%20Oxford | St Edmund Hall, Oxford | St Edmund Hall (sometimes known as The Hall or informally as Teddy Hall) is a constituent college of the University of Oxford. The college claims to be " the oldest surviving academic society to house and educate undergraduates in any university" and was the last surviving medieval academic hall at the university.
The college is on Queen's Lane and the High Street, in central Oxford. After more than seven centuries as a men-only college, it became coeducational in 1979. As of 2019, the college had a financial endowment of more than Β£65 million.
Alumni of St Edmund Hall includes incumbent Keir Starmer, Richard Onslow, 1st Baron Onslow, Robert Macaire, Mel Stride, Mark Sedwill, etc.
History
Similar to the University of Oxford itself, the precise date of establishment of St Edmund Hall is not certain; it is usually estimated at 1236, before any other college was formally established, though the founder from which the Hall takes its name, St Edmund of Abingdon, Oxfordshire, the first known Oxford Master of Arts and the first Oxford-educated Archbishop of Canterbury, lived and taught on the college site as early as the 1190s. The name St Edmund Hall (Aula Sancti Edmundi) first appears in a 1317 rental agreement.
Before that, the house appeared as the βhouse of Cowleyβ in rental agreements with the abbey. Thomas of Malsbury, the Vicar of Cowley, partially conveyed the site and its buildings to the abbey in 1270-71, having purchased it for eight pounds nine years prior. Cowley fully conveyed the property to the abbey in 1289-90 with an annuity of thirteen shillings and fourpence paid to himself and eight shillings for his niece.
During the thirteenth century, the university encouraged masters of the arts to rent properties to take in scholars as their tenants. The university preferred such arrangements over private lodgings, which it linked to loose living, poor discipline, public disorder and fighting. Moreover, university-approved accommodation run by approved principals, gave the university more oversight. Principals leased the halls annually and had to present themselves in front of the university's chancellor in St Mary's church yearly and guarantee that their hall would pay its rent. Halls whose principals undertook this formality earned recognition as academic halls.
John de Cornuba leased the Hall from Osney Abbey, a large Augustinian institution in the neighbouring town of Osney, for thirty-five shillings annually.
The Abbey's rent collections varied from fifteen shillings for small institutions to four pounds for larger institutions. Judging by the Hall's annual rent sum, St Edmund's was a small to medium-sized academic hall at the time. However, by 1324-5 Osney Abbey had raised the Hall's rent to forty-six shillings and eight pence while rents for other student hall's in the city had fallen. The rent increase indicates that the site expanded after 1318. Letters sent to Oseney showed that the abbey gained two additional plots of land and buildings adjacent to the Hall and leased it to St Edmund Hall. The acquisition increased the Hall's capacity and also gave it access to the well which forms the centrepiece of the quadrangle.
St Edmund Hall began as one of Oxford's ancient Aularian houses, the medieval halls that laid the University's foundation, preceding the creation of the first colleges. As the only surviving medieval hall, its members are known as Aularians.
Lollardism
The college has a history of independent thought, which brought it into frequent conflict with both Church and State. During the late 14th and early 15th centuries, it was a bastion of John Wycliffe's supporters, pejoratively referred to as Lollards. This group of reformists challenged Papal supremacy, condemning practices such as Clerical celibacy, offerings to effigies, confession, and pilgrimage. They also believed that transubstantiation was tantamount to necromancy and felt that the Church's pursuit of arts and crafts was wasteful. However, it was their early Bible translations and belief that everyone should have access to scriptures which they were primarily known for. Ultimately, Lollardism would assimilate with Protestantism in the 1500s culminating in King Henry VIII's English Reformation.
William Taylor
The Hall's reformist activities caught the attention of Archbishop Thomas Arundel who opposed Lollardism. Arundel witnessed a sermon given by Principal William Taylor at St Paul's Cross in 1406 or 1407 and summoned him. However, Taylor failed to appear and was subsequently excommunicated for contumacy. Following his excommunication, Taylor embarked on a career as a Lollard preacher.
Taylor continued to preach whilst excommunicated. In 1419/20 Archbishop Chichele absolved Taylor after he confessed to preaching whilst excommunicated. However, he was arrested soon thereafter for espousing unorthodox opinions in Bristol's Holy Trinity Church.
Subsequently, Taylor was declared a relapsed heretic, handed over to the secular courts and burnt at the stake.
Peter Payne
Taylor's successor Peter Payne, also a Lollard, continued supporting Wyclif's opinions. It is believed that Payne was partly switched on to Lolladism by John Purvey, one of Wycliffe's original supporters. Purvey advocated for vernacular translations of the Bible, and compelled Payne to defend Wycliffs translations of the scriptures. Payne drew hostility from Oxford's Friars after allegedly purloining the University's common seal and using it to seal a letter sent to the ecclesiastical reformer Jan Hus in Prague. His letter claimed that Oxford and all of England barring the Friars shared the same views that Hus's supporters (the Hussites) shared in Prague. The letter also commended Wyclif's life and teachings and because he sealed it with the University's seal the Hussites accepted it as genuine.
Arundel deemed the college's activities dangerous enough to warrant an intervention and suppression. Arundel began by banning Oxford's schools from using Wycliffe's texts unless approved by a committee and ordered that all of Oxford's principals make monthly inquiries to make sure their scholars' views were orthodox. Next, he ordered each committee to go through Wyclif's writings and draw up a list of errors and heresys which he presented to the King. The King wrote to the university ordering that anyone holding reformist opinions be placed in prison.
Peter Payne fled the country left Oxford in 1412. Little is known of Payne after his time at St Edmund's but it is believed he died in Prague as a veteran Hussite.
Seventeenth century onwards
In the late 17th and 18th centuries, St Edmund Hall incurred the wrath of the Crown for fostering non-jurors, men who remained loyal to the Jacobite succession of the House of Stuart and who refused to take the oath to their successors after 1688, whom they regarded as having usurped the British throne.
In 1877, Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli appointed commissioners to consider and implement reform of the university and its colleges and halls. The commissioners concluded that the four remaining medieval halls were not viable and should merge with colleges on the death or resignation of the incumbent principals. In 1881, the commissioners issued University Statutes which provided for a partial merger of St Edmund with Queen's and for the other halls to merge with colleges.
In 1903, only St Edmund Hall remained. Principal Edward Moore wished to retire and become a resident canon in Canterbury Cathedral. Queen's College proposed an amended statute for complete rather than partial merger, which was rejected by the Congregation. In 1912 a statute was passed preserving the independence of the hall, which enabled Moore to retire. Queen Elizabeth II approved St Edmund Hall's charter of incorporation as a full college of the University of Oxford in 1957, although it deliberately retained its ancient title of "Hall". The Duke of Edinburgh presented the royal charter to the college in June 1958.
In 1978, women were first admitted as members of the Hall, with the first matriculations of women in 1979. In 2015, the college celebrated the matriculation of its 3000th female student with events and exhibitions, including the display of portraits of notable women who had taught, studied or worked at the Hall in the Dining Hall, a noticeable change from the styles of portraits in most colleges. Between 2015 and 2017, the proportion of UK undergraduates admitted to St Edmund Hall who were women was 42.3%.
Buildings and grounds
St Edmund Hall is located in central Oxford, on the north side of the High Street, off Queen's Lane. It borders New College to the North and the Carrodus Quad of The Queen's College to the south. The front quadrangle houses the porters' lodge, the Old Dining Hall, built in the 1650s, the college bar (the buttery), the chapel, the Old Library, offices and accommodation for students and Fellows.
Entrance
An engraving of the college coat of arms is found above the entrance to the college on Queen's Lane. As seen in this image, the coat of arms sits above the following Latin dedication "sanctus edmundus huius aulae lux", or "St Edmund, light of this Hall".
It is a very common practice within the University to use chronograms for dedications. When transcribed into Latin, they are written in such a way that an important date, usually that of a foundation or the dedication itself, is embedded in the text in Roman numerals.
In the above dedication, the text is rendered as
sanCtVs edMVndVs hVIVs aVLae LVX
and, in this case, adding the numerals gives:
C + V + M + V + V + V + I + V + V + L + L + V + X = 1246
(For this reading one must disregard the usual "subtractive" convention β according to which, for example, "IV" would be 4, not 6.) The year 1246 is the date of the canonisation of St Edmund of Abingdon.
Well
In the centre of the quadrangle is a medieval well, which was uncovered in 1926 during the construction of a new lecture room and accommodation. This well is believed to be the original from which St Edmund himself drew water. A new wellhead was added, with the inscription "haurietis aquas in gaudio de fontibus salvatoris," Latin for "with joy, draw water from the wells of salvation." These words, from Isaiah 12:3, are believed to be those spoken by St Edmund on his deathbed at Salisbury. A metal grate was added to the well to prevent injuries, but water can still be seen in the well at a depth of about 9 feet. Plans to add a wooden frame and bucket were scrapped to maintain the overall appearance of the quad.
Chapel
The east side of the Front Quad contains the chapel. The chapel contains a stained glass window which is one of the earliest works by the artists Sir Edward Burne-Jones and William Morris, and a painting above the altar named Supper at Emmaus, by Ceri Richards. Often described as a 'marmite painting' due to its anachronous style within the chapel, which dates to the late 17th century, the painting commemorates the granting of the college's Royal Charter. The organ was built by Wood of Huddersfield in the 1980s. The St Edmund Hall Chapel Choir consists of eight choral scholars, two organ scholars and many other non-auditioning singers. The choir goes on two annual tours, including trips to Wells Cathedral in 2017, Pontigny, France, the burial place of St Edmund, in 2016 and Warsaw, Poland in 2015.
Old Library
Above the chapel is the Old Library. It was the last among Oxford colleges to chain its valuable books, but the first to have shelves against the walls. The Old Library is no longer the main library of the Hall, but is used for events and for research.
Library
The college library, the deconsecrated 12th-century church of St Peter-in-the-East, was converted in the 1970s, and includes the 14th century tower, which houses a tutor's room at the top. The oldest part of the library still standing is the crypt below the church, which dates from the 1130s. The library is situated in the original churchyard of St Peter-in-the-East. 40,000 volumes are housed within it to cater to the wide variety of courses offered at the Hall. While many of the graves have had their contents disinterred, several gravestones remain including one belonging to James Sadler, the first English aeronaut, and another which states the occupant died upon February 31. The garden contains a seated bronze sculpture of St Edmund as an impoverished student.
Modern buildings
In 1934, the Oxford-based architect Fielding Dodd completed the south side of the college's quadrangle, marking the 700th anniversary of St Edmund's consecration as the Archbishop of Canterbury. In 1965β9, Kenneth Stevens and Partners, inheritors of Dodd's architectural practice, worked on a large programme of new building at the college, including a new dining hall, common rooms, teaching facilities, and undergraduate accommodation. These are at the rear of the main site in the Kelly, Emden, Besse, and Whitehall buildings. All first-year undergraduate students are guaranteed accommodation on the main site and many return for their third year after living out, usually in East Oxford, for the duration of their second year. The Wolfson Hall, the 20th-century dining hall, seats approximately 230 people and is used by students on a daily basis for breakfast, lunch and dinner.
Annexes
The college also owns annexes at Norham Gardens, on Dawson Street and on Iffley Road.
The Norham Gardens annexe includes the Graduate Centre, a complex consisting of several large Victorian villas. This site was for many years the home of St Stephen's House, Oxford, before that institution moved to Iffley Road in 1980. The Norham Gardens annexe has the capacity to house most first-year graduate students and has its own common room, IT facilities, gardens and gym. In addition to student rooms, the Graduate Centre also has a quantity of faculty housing. The Dawson Street and Iffley Road annexes host undergraduates who do not live on the main site in pleasant en-suite, self-catering rooms.
Student life
As of 2017, the college has roughly 410 undergraduate, 300 graduate students and 75 Fellows, organised into three common rooms. The Junior Common Room (JCR), for undergraduates, and Middle Common Room (MCR), for postgraduates, both organise regular events, including a Freshers' week programme, dinners and film nights. The college is reputed for the strength of its 'Hall Spirit' with the semi-finals and finals of sports competitions regularly attended by in excess of 70 supporters.
Creative writing
The college has a weekly creative writing workshop, a termly poetry reading series, an online writers' forum and The St Edmund Hall Gallery, the annual student arts and literary magazine.
The college runs an annual journalism competition for Oxford University students, in memory of alumnus and promising young journalist Philip Geddes, who died in the IRA bombing of Harrods in 1983. The college also hosts an annual lecture in his name.
Drama
St Edmund Hall has a lively drama society, the John Oldham Society, which worked in Cameroon in 2013 on a community drama project. In 2017-18 the College's entry into Drama Cuppers, the satirical 'Oswald French', written and starring Hugh Shepherd-Cross, reached the final round, and two students directed and produced a play called God of Carnage, which sold out its entire run at the Burton Taylor Studio. In 2019-20 the John Oldham Society staged a production of The Importance of Being Earnest. The production sold out and was very well received, with the profits being donated to Stonewall.
Music
The College has one of the largest non-auditioning College Choirs in Oxford, which is anchored by two Organ Scholars and eight Choral Scholars, under the direction of James Whitbourn, the Director of Music. The choir performs an evensong every Sunday and on special occasions, including the Feast Day of St Edmund and the popular 'Carols in the Quad' event at Christmas. The Choir take part in an annual exchange with Fitzwillam College, Cambridge, a UK residential (previous destinations have included Wells and Worcester Cathedrals), and visit Pontigny, France on tour each year to perform.
During Hilary term 2018 several events were held, including the Intercollegiate Evensong at the University Church; the joint service with the Hall's sister college, Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge; and the joint Ash Wednesday service with University College. The term ended with an exploration of Lenten music through Buxtehude's extraordinary cycle of cantatas: Membra Jesu Nostri. The Choir was joined by members of the world-class period instrument ensemble Instruments of Time & Truth for a powerful performance of the first three cantatas in the cycle.
Sport
St Edmund Hall participates in a large number of sports including rugby, football, rowing, tennis, cricket, mixed lacrosse, netball, hockey, swimming, and basketball, among others. Since becoming a college in 1957, the Men's Rugby Union team has won over half the Cuppers Tournaments it has ever entered (33 wins from 62 attempts). As a part of a team consisting of several colleges, Teddy Hall won women's rugby Cuppers in 2015β2016. In 2016β2017, St Edmund Hall won men's football and cricket Cuppers and its women's first boat and men's second boat won blades in Bumps. In 2017-2018 the College recorded victories in Men's Basketball (by 74-49 in the final), Swimming (for the third consecutive year), Men's Rugby, Women's Rugby (joint with Mansfield and Pembroke), Rounders (after an unbeaten season), and Pool. Men's Rugby was won 20-17 over St Peter's College. Cricket Cuppers was almost retained. Finals were also reached by the Men's 2nd XI, the Mixed Hockey team, the Tennis Club, and the 2nd VII went unbeaten in their netball league. Strong performances are also consistently recorded in men's and women's hockey, badminton and canoe polo.
The St Edmund Hall Boat Club held the men's headship in Summer Eights five times between 1959 and 1965 and women's headship from 2006 to 2009. SEHBC had success at the Henley Royal Regatta during its era of dominance in Oxford rowing in the 1960s.
In 1958 an SEH coxless IV were the losing finalists in the Ladies' Challenge Plate, losing to Keble by 3 lengths.
In 1959 a joint SEH/Lincoln College VIII won the Stewards' Challenge Cup, beating GS Moto Guzzi of Italy easily.
In 1960 another joint SEH/Lincoln College VIII were the losing finalists in the Stewards' Challenge Cup, being beaten by Barn Cottage BC by 4 lengths.
In 1961 an SEH coxless IV won the Visitors' Challenge Cup, beating St Catherine's College, Cambridge by 1Β½ lengths.
In 1963 the 1st VIII were the losing finalists in the Ladies' Challenge Plate, losing to the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst by Β½ length.
In 1965, SEHBC had two victories; the 1st VIII won The Ladies' Challenge Plate, beating Jesus College, Cambridge by ΒΎ length, and an SEHBC coxless IV won the Visitors' Challenge Cup, beating Fitzwilliam House, Cambridge by 2 lengths.
The college celebrates the studentsβ successes in sports, arts and other extra-curricular activities at the annual Achievements Dinner. Cuppers winning teams are also rewarded with their photograph in the college bar, the walls of which are now crammed with teams dating from the late nineteenth century to the present day. The college also awards the Luddington Prize to undergraduate students who manage to achieve both a First Class degree in finals and a university Blue.
Outreach
The College has a very active outreach and access programme, employing two full-time staff and supported by a team of over 30 volunteer Student Ambassadors. Working with schools in the assigned link areas, including Leicestershire, Hampshire, the Isle of Wight and Peterborough, the College hosts visits from school groups and was one of the first colleges to take student ambassadors on an access roadshow. This saw four students and the Schools Liaison Officer visit nine schools in 4 days in Hampshire and the Isle of Wight in 2016 and continues to take place annually. The College since has expanded its provision to include a second roadshow in collaboration with Pembroke College, Cambridge, visiting schools and colleges in Leicestershire, which first took place in November 2018.
Formal Hall and college graces
The usual grace given before Formal Hall, as said by the fellow presiding at the dinner, is:
The post cibum grace, given following pudding, is a slight variant on the above:
To which the assembly responds Amen. More extended (or sung) forms of the grace are sometimes given but this is limited to special occasions, such the Feast of St Edmund, a formal held each year to commemorate the namesake of the hall.
The traditional college toast is occasionally also said at dinners, and is simply "Floreat Aula", Latin for "May the Hall Flourish".
People associated with the college
Notable alumni
Other notable figures
St Edmund of Abingdon
Jeremy Paxman, a Fellow of the College by Special Election.
Principals
1405β1406 William Taylor, theologian, priest, excommunicated and executed as a Lollard
1410β1414 Peter Payne, theologian, diplomat, Lollard and Taborite
1565β Thomas Lancaster, Protestant clergyman, Church of Ireland Archbishop of Armagh
1610β1631 John Rawlinson, clergyman
1658β1676 Thomas Tully
1685β1707 John Mill, theologian
1751β1760 George Fothergill
1722β1740 Henry Felton, clergyman and academic
1740β1751 Thomas Shaw
1864β1903 Edward Moore
1913β1920 Henry Williams, Bishop of Carlisle (1920β1946)
1914β1918 Leonard Hodgson (Vice-Principal)
1920β1928 G.B. Allen
1928 George B. Cronshaw
1929β1951 Alfred Brotherston Emden
1951β1979 J.N.D. Kelly, clergyman
1979β1982 Sir Ieuan Maddock
1982β1996 J C B Gosling
1996β1998 Sir Stephen Tumim
1999β2009 Michael Mingos, Professor of Inorganic Chemistry
2009β2018 Keith Gull, FRS
2018βpresent Kathy Willis
Fellows
Gallery
References
Books
External links
St Edmund Hall β official website
St Edmund Hall JCR website
St Edmund Hall MCR website
St Edmund Hall Alternative Prospectus website
Virtual tour of St Edmund Hall
Colleges of the University of Oxford
Grade I listed buildings in Oxford
Grade I listed educational buildings
Educational institutions established in the 13th century
13th-century establishments in England
Buildings and structures of the University of Oxford | [
0.36513039469718933,
0.399617075920105,
0.2747647762298584,
-0.6175566911697388,
-0.28195029497146606,
0.6297500133514404,
0.9817206263542175,
0.6490707397460938,
-0.7321122288703918,
-0.38708916306495667,
-0.8662137985229492,
-0.25087445974349976,
0.27948933839797974,
0.2724049687385559,
0.02218621037900448,
-0.3295179307460785,
0.5525965094566345,
0.5335410237312317,
0.20140360295772552,
-0.9716692566871643,
-0.20665286481380463,
0.14989694952964783,
-0.5926917195320129,
0.10323462635278702,
0.28303515911102295,
-0.15501508116722107,
0.47680068016052246,
-0.6708913445472717,
-0.4147985279560089,
-0.24253949522972107,
0.6320082545280457,
-0.2245958000421524,
-0.17397145926952362,
-0.12835542857646942,
0.3651667833328247,
-0.13395051658153534,
0.08016002178192139,
-0.8014721870422363,
-0.05869347229599953,
-0.10375390201807022,
-0.09471199661493301,
-0.36504948139190674,
0.17452475428581238,
0.4617621600627899,
-0.8396934866905212,
-0.8843650817871094,
-0.3063841164112091,
0.27837085723876953,
-1.293790340423584,
0.12643320858478546,
-0.2008119821548462,
0.29819363355636597,
0.025412579998373985,
0.061443183571100235,
0.461398720741272,
0.20541568100452423,
-0.6766147017478943,
0.17784661054611206,
0.30556899309158325,
-0.3609720468521118,
0.06535511463880539,
0.8601683378219604,
-0.08386535942554474,
0.8801595568656921,
-0.3760557472705841,
-0.10885355621576309,
0.29677441716194153,
0.009860269725322723,
-0.9815488457679749,
-0.24386264383792877,
-0.26135021448135376,
-0.19904091954231262,
-0.32123658061027527,
0.6254225373268127,
-0.5030118227005005,
-0.8546817898750305,
0.10516641288995743,
0.2933605909347534,
0.41071566939353943,
-0.20649971067905426,
0.5128240585327148,
0.08423575013875961,
0.3129603862762451,
0.7831416726112366,
0.6169942617416382,
0.9591835737228394,
-0.9251867532730103,
-0.10630107671022415,
-0.5919898152351379,
0.5320855975151062,
-0.49490368366241455,
0.14350983500480652,
0.11602544784545898,
0.1272711157798767,
0.1082022562623024,
-0.2613648474216461,
-0.23369529843330383,
-0.12145296484231949,
0.06141224503517151,
-0.20635581016540527,
-0.7046716213226318,
0.4802382290363312,
0.47271406650543213,
-0.16625365614891052,
-0.4064330458641052,
0.12138255685567856,
-1.0897926092147827,
-0.49100661277770996,
0.31034284830093384,
-0.10553748905658722,
-0.7088153958320618,
0.1355961263179779,
-0.7877827286720276,
0.09049417078495026,
-0.12392013520002365,
0.0014322916977107525,
0.1209147498011589,
-0.4810599982738495,
-0.6583214998245239,
0.05095970258116722,
-0.6134032607078552,
0.5804298520088196,
0.28600481152534485,
0.13849177956581116,
-0.14405541121959686,
0.2406783550977707,
0.13106955587863922,
0.5334630608558655,
-0.5133060216903687,
-0.4735065698623657,
0.170810267329216,
0.9117887020111084,
0.3515617847442627,
-0.45486414432525635,
0.03016085736453533,
0.11729276180267334,
-0.3026580810546875,
0.2336885780096054,
0.2457217276096344,
0.5039279460906982,
-0.4800055921077728,
-0.6887413263320923,
-0.327050119638443,
-0.0411037877202034,
0.307608425617218,
-0.43025991320610046,
-0.39807969331741333,
-0.31063035130500793,
-0.035679902881383896,
-0.18865826725959778,
0.27177196741104126,
0.47384288907051086,
-0.4485240876674652,
-0.291774183511734,
-0.3123506009578705,
0.6144188046455383,
0.39341169595718384,
0.2057155966758728,
0.455522358417511,
0.1575220674276352,
-0.21937033534049988,
-0.12810319662094116,
0.15110716223716736,
-0.3031819462776184,
0.0034179077483713627,
0.0649261325597763,
0.6019880771636963,
-0.2560349404811859,
-0.44393545389175415,
-0.22561588883399963,
-1.0216453075408936,
-0.4913831353187561,
0.7972880601882935,
-0.09035801887512207,
-0.33203575015068054,
-0.2770981788635254,
0.7408810257911682,
0.019481778144836426,
0.681235671043396,
-0.39408624172210693,
-0.5138384103775024,
0.056784287095069885,
0.13498616218566895,
0.039082977920770645,
-0.12990763783454895,
-0.020949911326169968,
-0.03194563463330269,
0.10315336287021637,
-0.5698110461235046,
0.14515841007232666,
-0.2766242027282715,
-0.35408464074134827,
-0.18293333053588867,
-0.1775161176919937,
1.3926750421524048,
0.1467992067337036,
-0.8796140551567078,
1.003050684928894,
-0.7308290004730225,
0.9808220863342285,
-0.19237487018108368,
-0.21141654253005981,
-0.5122386813163757,
-0.3086042106151581,
-0.2431139200925827,
-0.00759117491543293,
0.4301968216896057,
0.5166286826133728,
0.6218970417976379,
0.10812018066644669,
0.4084625244140625,
-0.4937703609466553,
0.15835468471050262,
0.4914998710155487,
0.05019616708159447,
-0.612208902835846,
-0.46767741441726685,
-0.4215694069862366,
-0.00004853221253142692,
-0.7832945585250854,
1.2924216985702515,
-0.07824598252773285,
0.4753718376159668,
0.05762052908539772,
-0.1379484385251999,
0.1614922732114792,
-0.024435676634311676,
0.6326220631599426,
-0.07233453541994095,
-0.6024429798126221,
0.545365035533905,
0.46553972363471985,
-0.08303792029619217,
0.41443729400634766,
-0.2237417846918106,
-1.0165153741836548,
-0.12090583890676498,
-0.6397303938865662,
0.5075835585594177,
-0.19329781830310822,
0.2760469913482666,
-0.15251781046390533,
-0.42971405386924744,
0.65952467918396,
0.2064618170261383,
-0.20256008207798004,
0.6068282723426819,
0.5730094909667969,
-0.6496933698654175,
-0.24335674941539764,
0.05302511155605316,
-0.08924597501754761,
0.8994591236114502,
0.19366265833377838,
0.1189751848578453,
0.21462412178516388,
-0.03896162286400795,
0.46722856163978577,
0.19025810062885284,
0.796668529510498,
-0.20799040794372559,
0.3009769320487976,
0.20808106660842896,
0.3644048273563385,
-0.34269341826438904,
-0.423530250787735,
-0.2545959949493408,
-0.8432601690292358,
0.13297854363918304,
-0.07511839270591736,
0.07910902053117752,
-0.5370085835456848,
-0.4010412395000458,
-0.0916595309972763,
-0.27981066703796387,
0.1358083188533783,
0.5535531640052795,
-0.14239557087421417,
-0.8306854963302612,
-0.3974694013595581,
0.23119568824768066,
0.6970150470733643,
-0.28929421305656433,
-0.4170086085796356,
-0.08089017122983932,
0.15368148684501648,
-0.2918476164340973,
-0.6022832989692688,
-0.01127342227846384,
0.30455610156059265,
-0.07018160820007324,
1.0406230688095093,
0.42073747515678406,
0.04387675225734711,
0.33092543482780457,
0.3829639256000519,
0.4899332523345947,
-0.7428759336471558,
0.06021071597933769,
-0.17382904887199402,
-0.3140580654144287,
0.7862081527709961,
-0.08319184929132462,
0.5478348135948181,
0.9202373027801514,
-0.17163439095020294,
0.06812325119972229,
0.08359325677156448,
-5.403956890106201,
0.0330403633415699,
-0.2270415723323822,
0.15418460965156555,
1.3202049732208252,
-0.25880685448646545,
0.3708222210407257,
-0.5849138498306274,
-0.6774413585662842,
-0.5255990624427795,
-0.6296054124832153,
-0.23999688029289246,
-0.03097889944911003,
0.7843255996704102,
0.7105388641357422,
0.595665454864502,
0.439799964427948,
-0.023006819188594818,
0.15457043051719666,
0.22775334119796753,
-0.5527799725532532,
0.345782071352005,
0.06877630949020386,
0.5067828297615051,
0.04547861963510513,
0.2973574697971344,
-0.26262369751930237,
-0.010195891372859478,
-0.6545090079307556,
-0.6104868054389954,
0.29602742195129395,
-0.005706025753170252,
-0.129061758518219,
-0.39183229207992554,
-0.514647901058197,
0.5027254819869995,
0.5658631920814514,
0.1985190361738205,
-0.40400034189224243,
-0.05586069077253342,
0.7298663854598999,
0.14624181389808655,
0.28108981251716614,
-0.3071962893009186,
0.21651290357112885,
-0.2474401444196701,
-0.8575579524040222,
-0.15343108773231506,
-0.5024396181106567,
0.055803220719099045,
-0.7003398537635803,
0.870237410068512,
0.4908101558685303,
0.305164098739624,
-0.303114652633667,
-0.3829583525657654,
0.4355525076389313,
0.4459535777568817,
-0.10771448165178299,
-0.2417643666267395,
0.5047966241836548,
-0.49821382761001587,
0.23704655468463898,
-0.5715499520301819,
-0.30645617842674255,
-0.5528678894042969,
0.07223516702651978,
0.5732001066207886,
0.14726515114307404,
0.4283086657524109,
0.05130060762166977,
-0.11891108751296997,
-0.07034451514482498,
-0.9212549924850464,
-0.3846094012260437,
-0.5614713430404663,
-0.04287424311041832,
-0.41164177656173706,
0.013792883604764938,
0.09181050211191177,
-0.09122595191001892,
-0.5458036661148071,
-0.5392752289772034,
0.18423329293727875,
0.19519008696079254,
-0.91108638048172,
-0.05731581151485443,
-0.0427914634346962,
-0.40050122141838074,
-0.423915296792984,
-0.1600470095872879,
-0.07506078481674194,
-0.4546014368534088,
0.3401428759098053,
0.5762993097305298,
-0.06121790409088135,
-0.1424269825220108,
0.23980581760406494,
0.33489012718200684,
0.2730664014816284,
-0.0567079521715641,
-0.17529723048210144,
0.012094167992472649,
-0.09082437306642532,
-0.01739189215004444,
-0.11182621121406555,
0.1913524717092514,
0.4373709559440613,
0.45773065090179443,
-0.08188840001821518,
0.32211750745773315,
-0.4355919361114502,
-0.5324384570121765,
0.0949273407459259,
-0.08214343339204788,
-0.2845941483974457,
-0.12769626080989838,
0.15769581496715546,
-0.5721180438995361,
0.3315027952194214,
-0.11811722815036774,
0.17446617782115936,
-0.20906011760234833,
0.019306283444166183,
-0.5222563743591309,
-0.21728280186653137,
0.2047956883907318,
-0.18372192978858948,
-0.22964566946029663,
-0.835536777973175,
0.23785366117954254,
0.014657557010650635,
0.3615187406539917,
0.36227038502693176,
-0.31553465127944946,
-0.14635907113552094,
-0.058798547834157944,
-0.03478021174669266,
-0.16391213238239288,
0.3651182949542999,
0.17565776407718658,
-0.16132186353206635,
0.14343205094337463,
0.4415436089038849,
0.839809238910675,
0.5290578603744507,
-0.26494452357292175,
0.8424258232116699,
-0.902777373790741,
0.24187619984149933,
-0.5247690677642822,
-0.4249490201473236,
0.39934825897216797,
-0.04881139472126961,
-0.2216774821281433,
-0.0539446622133255,
-0.1263403743505478,
0.7178518772125244,
0.1165667325258255,
0.1797604262828827,
-0.31412118673324585,
-0.06028490513563156,
-0.5672460198402405,
-0.563060998916626,
0.21021169424057007,
0.2365724891424179,
0.02746083214879036,
-0.4013992249965668,
-0.9329865574836731,
0.33155858516693115,
0.16998834908008575,
-0.025558724999427795,
-0.8901110887527466,
0.03994307294487953,
0.3281053304672241,
0.24275918304920197,
0.07766556739807129,
0.19357921183109283,
0.11812703311443329,
0.12142594158649445,
0.16929548978805542,
-0.2300998717546463,
0.2439054399728775,
0.1296842098236084,
0.6014297604560852,
-0.47605210542678833,
-0.512580394744873,
-0.393362432718277,
0.46742603182792664,
-0.40830761194229126,
0.2839913070201874,
-0.14448334276676178,
0.2126670926809311,
-0.17828112840652466,
-0.25632938742637634,
-0.6532576680183411,
0.03489232063293457,
-0.26899445056915283,
-0.30328747630119324,
-0.18179892003536224,
0.4040170907974243,
0.48592081665992737,
-0.3572123944759369,
0.45292046666145325,
0.27475208044052124,
-0.6509073376655579,
0.35310453176498413,
-0.020375249907374382,
0.14651378989219666,
0.5804067254066467,
-0.16756443679332733,
-1.0397387742996216,
0.13675804436206818,
0.50827956199646,
-0.6297270655632019,
-0.11408539116382599,
-0.4109160304069519,
-0.23818160593509674,
-0.18128949403762817,
-0.17937606573104858,
-0.3792072832584381,
-0.13196414709091187,
0.0075335195288062096,
0.10915432125329971,
-0.8559360504150391,
0.21987293660640717,
-0.03981095179915428,
-0.5787792801856995,
0.706822395324707,
-0.7749746441841125,
0.6534812450408936,
0.010901912115514278,
-0.2024354338645935,
0.5754215717315674,
0.8357502818107605,
-0.7161834239959717,
0.11128091812133789,
0.07125971466302872,
0.11561335623264313,
0.1798790842294693,
0.1640269160270691,
1.1614325046539307,
-0.40176793932914734,
-0.5399024486541748,
-0.23501162230968475,
0.634239912033081,
-0.14267829060554504,
0.4916572570800781,
-0.6759548783302307,
0.23970240354537964,
0.223434180021286,
-0.11549654603004456,
-0.14948800206184387,
-0.1371137946844101,
-0.1334618777036667,
-0.18821582198143005,
0.20006556808948517,
0.047835949808359146,
0.00999621395021677,
-0.03723703324794769,
0.21420779824256897,
0.013189056888222694,
-0.7971195578575134,
0.1510419100522995,
-0.502281129360199,
0.14884300529956818,
-0.15904149413108826,
-0.31711825728416443,
0.3641339838504791,
-0.4223121106624603,
0.07939471304416656,
-0.06034595146775246,
-0.24614538252353668,
0.4015266001224518,
-0.1837860643863678,
0.12666955590248108,
-0.38176172971725464,
-0.7635758519172668,
0.664569079875946,
-0.24773576855659485,
-0.38928818702697754,
0.2027587741613388,
0.3310914635658264,
-0.27108871936798096,
0.277683824300766,
-0.490094929933548,
0.008902705274522305,
0.1583671122789383,
-0.07360457628965378,
0.686022937297821,
-0.5929957628250122,
-0.22690825164318085,
0.2495371550321579,
0.18232999742031097,
-0.08265431970357895,
0.49447187781333923,
0.5179861783981323,
0.14339770376682281,
0.41743677854537964,
-0.26834654808044434,
-0.612909197807312,
0.23486469686031342,
0.48408713936805725,
0.10190879553556442,
0.244493305683136,
-0.32026025652885437,
-0.21196730434894562,
-0.2886233627796173,
-0.3591919243335724,
0.2930360734462738,
0.27943506836891174,
-0.100251704454422,
0.8672187328338623,
0.7013828754425049,
-0.39763155579566956,
-0.00832035019993782,
0.41693657636642456,
-0.6864601373672485,
0.34549853205680847,
0.0815773755311966,
-0.45676636695861816,
0.3894168734550476,
0.35834911465644836,
-0.18497684597969055,
-0.09532894194126129,
0.7361042499542236,
-0.4615420997142792,
-0.3342926800251007,
-0.2656683027744293,
0.3623608946800232,
0.22367869317531586,
-0.27847254276275635,
-0.181412473320961,
0.9340396523475647,
-0.2451043277978897,
-0.7523752450942993,
0.11469294130802155,
-0.9137130975723267,
-0.3510964810848236,
0.25902149081230164,
1.053520679473877,
0.5238766074180603,
-0.6272750496864319,
0.3320350646972656,
-0.6047035455703735,
-0.10494299232959747,
-0.08908408135175705,
0.467955082654953,
-0.21544836461544037,
0.6713511943817139,
0.14551123976707458,
-0.08994226902723312,
0.34830421209335327,
-0.033424463123083115,
0.37293997406959534,
0.1367286890745163,
0.19629909098148346,
0.0025523349177092314,
-0.47315579652786255,
0.10419726371765137,
-0.04684887081384659,
0.8836727142333984,
0.530830979347229,
-0.32096928358078003,
-0.024367477744817734,
-0.21000924706459045,
0.476850301027298,
0.18703386187553406,
0.042569853365421295,
0.21179352700710297,
-0.09685847163200378,
0.6558728814125061,
0.10110539942979813,
-0.9738889336585999,
-0.11554581671953201,
0.23969262838363647,
-0.031916115432977676,
0.4271972179412842,
0.015859659761190414,
-0.7166881561279297,
0.17575381696224213,
-0.4016476571559906,
-0.14113149046897888,
-0.09127800911664963,
0.05573554337024689,
-0.7058389782905579,
-0.43536797165870667,
0.6139278411865234,
-0.6038792729377747,
0.00913119688630104,
0.189208984375,
-0.26051104068756104,
0.14427709579467773,
0.39693769812583923,
-0.3598240613937378,
-0.2831016778945923,
-0.08782347291707993,
0.43954551219940186,
0.45087653398513794,
-0.19651588797569275,
0.09521433711051941,
0.35991328954696655,
-0.7464765906333923,
-0.08571251481771469,
-0.0941108837723732,
0.4112318158149719,
-0.2258770614862442,
0.009734042920172215,
-0.6539915800094604,
0.3829081058502197,
-0.05564132705330849,
0.07620733976364136,
-0.2324042171239853,
0.6719890832901001,
-0.013946047984063625,
1.1156911849975586,
0.18758583068847656,
0.014850866049528122,
-0.5346823334693909,
0.3178664445877075,
-0.14432397484779358,
0.43210485577583313,
0.20296375453472137,
0.2660444378852844,
0.34289440512657166,
0.25578629970550537,
0.3321053087711334,
0.006870896089822054,
-0.7279527187347412,
0.2334180623292923,
0.09628966450691223,
0.16967318952083588,
-0.5386366844177246,
0.30791524052619934,
-0.2222726196050644,
0.5479609370231628,
0.5178833603858948,
1.4935740232467651,
0.04656435176730156,
-0.46558552980422974,
-0.4096011221408844,
0.07940879464149475,
0.6263903379440308,
0.059521179646253586,
0.20140911638736725,
0.11601748317480087,
-0.33556607365608215,
-0.1869935542345047,
-0.5507698655128479,
0.2844322621822357,
0.6561105847358704,
0.0708552673459053,
0.558940052986145,
-0.3610910475254059,
0.3555528521537781,
-0.3702581226825714,
-0.24742448329925537,
0.3519347906112671,
0.7640446424484253,
0.7064562439918518
]
|
128378 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%20Catherine%27s%20College%2C%20Oxford | St Catherine's College, Oxford | St Catherine's College (also known as St Catz or Catz) is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in Oxford, England and is the youngest college to teach both undergraduate and graduate students. Tracing its roots back to 1868 (although the college itself was opened in 1962), it hosts 528 undergraduate students, 385 graduate students and 37 visiting students as of December 2020, making it the largest undergraduate college by membership in the University of Oxford (Kellogg College, a graduate-only college, has 1137 students compared to St. Catherine's 950). In 1974, it was also one of the first men's colleges to admit women.
The college developed out of the university's Delegacy for Unattached Students, and was founded in 1962 by the historian Alan Bullock, who went on to become the first master of the college, and later vice-chancellor of the university. The current master is Kersti BΓΆrjars, who took over the role in 2020 and is also the college's first female master.
History
The college traces its descent from the Scholares Non Ascripti, or Delegacy for Unattached Students, founded by Statute on 11 June 1868. Created in response to the recommendation of a Royal Commission in 1852, this was established as part of an expansion of the university so that male students would be able to gain an Oxford education without the costs of college membership. The college therefore celebrated its 150th anniversary in the academic year 2018β2019, coinciding with the 2018 Ball 'Continuum'. The College itself celebrated its 50th anniversary in 2012.
The delegacy was originally headed by two Censors, George Kitchin and George S. Ward, who oversaw the administration and welfare of the students. Nineteen students matriculated in October 1868 as Scholares Non Ascripti and were joined throughout the year by another forty, bringing the total number in the first year to fifty-nine. By 1914, more than 4,000 men had matriculated as non-collegiate students. In 1884, the delegacy was renamed the "Delegacy for Non-Collegiate Students". Due to the lack of an identifying name for social and sporting purposes, groups identified with the delegacy began using the name "St. Catharine's", taken from a hall used for boat club meetings on Catte Street. In 1931 the delegacy was officially renamed the "St. Catherine's Society", with the spelling changed to "St. Catherine's". This name is also a reference to St. Catherine of Alexandria; this can also be seen in the college blazon, which depicts four Catherine wheels, one of St. Catherine's attributes. The society was thus developing the characteristics of a college, and in 1956 the delegates decided to formalise this change in status by obtaining approval to turn into a fully residential college.
After acquiring from Merton College, Oxford on part of Holywell Great Meadow for Β£57,690, monies were sought from the University Grants Committee who also agreed to supply Β£250,000 towards the building, and additional funds up to Β£400,000 for all facilities. By 1960 Sir Alan Bullock raised a further Β£1,000,000 with invaluable assistance from two industrial notables, Sir Alan Wilson (whom he met by chance on the RMS Queen Mary) and Sir Hugh Beaver. After a total expenditure of Β£2.5Β million, the college opened in 1962. In 1974, St Catz was one of the first men's colleges to admit women as full members, the others being Brasenose, Jesus College, Hertford and Wadham.
Buildings
Original buildings
The college is located to the east of central Oxford, on the banks of the Cherwell. Its buildings in glass, brick, and concrete, by the Danish architect Arne Jacobsen, marry modern materials with a traditional Oxford college layout centred on a quadrangle. Jacobsen designed everything, including the furniture, cutlery, lampshades, and the college gardens, down to the choice of fish species for the pond.
The original St Catherine's buildings are recognized as one of the world's most distinguished examples of modernist design, described by architectural historian Nikolaus Pevsner as "a perfect piece of architecture", and said to have been the architect's personal favourite among his own works. Jacobsen's designs for the college have been the subject of various art and design exhibitions. The original college buildings received a Grade I listing in 1993. In 2020, the college gardens, also designed by Jacobsen, were upgraded to the highest level of protection by Historic England for historical and design interest.
Jacobsen's plans for the college did not include a chapel, which is unusual among Oxford colleges: St Cross Church on the corner of Manor Road and Longwall Street served this purpose before its decommission in 2008. The St Catherine's Christmas carol concert is now held in Harris Manchester College's chapel. The college has a bell tower, particularly visible since no college building is more than three storeys high. An extra floor was reputedly planned for most accommodation blocks, but due to regulations concerning safe building on marshland, this was removed from the final design. The entrance to the college by the water garden was remodelled by Sir Philip Howell in 1968.
St Catherine's has a number of lecture theatres and seminar rooms, a music house, two student computer rooms, a small gym, squash courts, a punt house, and among the most spacious common rooms in Oxford. There are also additional purpose-built conference facilities with lecture theatres, meeting rooms and bar, music room, and car parking available for non-students. The dining hall, which seats 350 diners, has the largest capacity of any Oxford college.
St Catherine's also has a library with over 55,000 volumes, which is used mainly by undergraduates in all the disciplines taught at the college, as well as 14 computer terminals. The college lending library supplements university libraries, which are usually non-lending. Law students have additional resources located in the college law library, which is located in the Bernard Sunley building. Most tutorials are carried out in college, though some undergraduates may be sent to other colleges. For additional resources, the college is located next to the Social Science Library, Oxford and Faculty of Law, University of Oxford, which matriculated students are free to use.
The majority of St Catherine's buildings are in the form of staircases that open directly onto the quad(s) outside; these are filled with student rooms and office space. There is little indoor space in the college and St Catherine's favours a minimalist, rather austere environment, though still comfortable. Student rooms are light and spacious, notable for their curtain wall glazing. The Built Environment Trust, and its public face The Building Centre, in 2021 named the college's buildings as among the 90 most influential UK buildings or public spaces from the last 90 years.
1994 and 2004 extensions
In 1994 and 2004, the college completed construction of three and seven new accommodation staircases designed by Hodder and Partners with en-suite rooms, which means that most undergraduates can live on the main college site for the duration of their course. Prior to this, all undergraduates had the experience of living off-campus for their second year. These new staircases effectively form a second quad called 'New Quad' (in comparison to the Jacobsen-designed 'Old Quad'), which is largely used to provide accommodation for conferences during the breaks between academic terms.
Graduate building
Plans were announced in 2017 to construct new graduate facilities by Purcell Architects. The facilities aimed to resemble Jacobsen's original designs and was built on the college's last available development space. Purcell consulted with Stephen Hodder, who constructed the additional buildings on site during the 1994 and 2004 extensions, when designing the centre. The Ainsworth Graduate Centre is named in honor of Roger Ainsworth, the previous Master of the college. Construction started in July 2018, with the centre opening in March 2020. The centre includes seminar rooms and space for academic works. It also expanded graduate accommodation by creating three new staircases, which contain 78 single rooms with en-suite facilities and a new common room. This is in addition to 42 single rooms, with shared bathroom and cooking facilities, in St. Catherine's House, which is located off-site on Bath Street.
Student life
St. Catherine's has one of the largest undergraduate and graduate intakes among Oxford colleges, admitting 215 graduate students in the 2018-2019 academic year. There is a college bar, as well as a Junior Common Room (JCR) and a Middle Common Room (MCR), which was relocated to the Ainsworth Graduate Centre in 2020 (it was previously located in the Bernard Sunley building).
The JCR is run by a committee of 25 undergraduate students, led by the President and elected by the rest of the student body through 'hustings', or a general Q&A (question and answer) session. The committee fulfills a wide range of duties, aimed at organising events, such as Freshers' Week, and providing support to the students. Open meetings are held fortnightly, during which people discuss how to improve the JCR. All undergraduate members are automatically members of the JCR, unless they expressly state that they wish not to be. Honorary membership is also rarely extended to others, with one awarded every five years: honorary members include Robbie Williams and Bradley Walsh. The Catz JCR is notably financially independent from the College, following a financial committee meeting. Similarly, the MCR is composed of graduate students, visiting postgraduate students, fourth-year undergraduate students and mature (over the age of 21) full-time undergraduate students, who also have JCR membership. It is run by a committee led by two co-presidents, which organises several events such as an annual garden party. The MCR also has benefits, such as a separate kitchen and the exclusive use of an enclosed garden.
The college celebrates its patron saint each year with a special Catz Night dinner, attended by junior and senior members of the college. Every three years the college also holds a ball, usually off-site due to the problem of securing the college's perimeter sufficiently for insurance purposes. St. Catherine's is also known for its more modern approaches, such as by not usually requiring students to wear gowns for dinners and voting to end the tradition of standing when the Master enters the hall at formal dinner, although most students still continue in this practice out of respect. The College also holds fortnightly social events called 'Entz', which are usually themed and hosted in the JCR and bar, and an annual Catz Artz Week which showcases creative talents.
The college also has several sport, music and other facilities available on the college site, including squash courts, pool tables, a free gymnasium, a punt house, and theatres. The music house on site is equipped with a grand piano and harpsichord. There are also several clubs and societies available, such as the music society, orchestras, choirs, and subject societies. The dramatic society often performs plays and musicals, including recent adaptations of Rent and Chicago. St Catz has a friendly college rivalry with Magdalen, expressed in sports and in a joke JCR 'declaration of war' in 2013.
Accommodation
The college is able to offer three year accommodation for students, with all first years on site. Most first and third years live in the Jacobsen-designed 'Old Quad', the original buildings, while the second years live in the 'New Quad', built during the 1995β2005 extensions. There is a kitchen in every corridor, generally shared between eight to ten people. Bathrooms containing four showers and two toilets are shared between groups of ten people in the Old Quad, while every bedroom in the New Quad is en-suite. Rooms are allocated randomly for first year students, while groups of four to six students in second and third year ballot together for rooms. All rooms cost the same in rent.
Academic reputation
St Catherine's College's performance in the Norrington Table has improved in recent years. In 2019, the college ranked 2nd, with a score of 77.93% and with 68 out of 145 total Finalists achieving first-class honors. In 2018 the college ranked 3rd with a score of 78.15% and with around 50% of Finalists achieving first-class honors, climbing from 26th place in 2017 when it had a score of 68.68%.
Scholarships, awards and outreach
The College offers several travel awards and college prizes. College prizes are awarded based on academic, social and/or cultural contributions. For instance, the Hart Prize is awarded for the best essay for a historical subject, the Thomas Jefferson Prize is awarded to the North American student who has contributed most to the College, and the Smith Award is awarded for services to drama or music.
The Wallace Watson Award is a travel scholarship granted annually to a student or group students to undertake an expedition in a remote region of the world. Similarly, the college offers the Emilie Harris Award for those aiming to help or work with the needy, the Antony Edwards Bursary for Spanish study, and the Patricia Knapp Travel Award for travel with a medical purpose.
The College is also involved in outreach programs, such as the Catalyst Programme, which is a sustained contact model during which schools may visit the college and outreach staff may provide workshops on applications, picking A-Levels and exploring careers. The purpose of the programme is to increase the success rate of applicants. The College also has ties with Northern Ireland through the Northern Ireland Residential Summer School, which allow Northern Irish students to visit the college and experience life as an Oxford students, while teachers may have a Q&A session with tutors. The College also has partnerships with several other schemes and charities, such as Target Oxbridge, UNIQ and the Pathways Programme.
Rowing
St Catherine's College Boat Club is the rowing club of the college. British Olympic gold medallists Sir Matthew Pinsent and Andrew Triggs Hodge, and silver medallist Colin Smith all rowed for the college.
In popular culture
St Catherine's College has served as a filming location for several films and television series. It featured as 'Lovelace College' in Season 4 of the British crime series Endeavour. The British spy drama Chokepoint was filmed in locations around the College, such as the SCR and the Bernard Sunley Building. Director SG Smith said it was a good location as the college was "a good fit with the overall aesthetic of the show". In Season 4, episode 6 of The Crown, the Hall at St. Catherine's serves as the venue of a state receptionΒ in Hobart, Tasmania, attended by Prince Charles and Princess Diana in their 1983 tour of Australia.
Notable alumni
Censors, masters and fellows
List of censors
A list of the censors of the Delegacy for Unattached Students, the Delegacy for Non-Collegiate Students and St Catherine's Society.
1868β1883: George Kitchin
1868β1881: George Sturton Ward
1883β1887: William Jackson
1888β1919: Richard William Massy Pope
1919β1930: James Bernard Baker
1930β1952: Victor John Knight Brook
1952β1962: Alan Bullock
List of masters
1962β1981: Alan Bullock; first master
1981β1988: Patrick Nairne
1988β1994: Brian Smith
1994β2000: Raymond Plant, Baron Plant of Highfield
2000β2002: Sir Peter Williams
2002β2019: Roger Ainsworth
2019β2020: Peter Battle (pro-master)
2020βpresent: Kersti BΓΆrjars
Notable fellows
List of Christensen Fellows
Christensen Fellowships are awarded to distinguished academic visitors who are members of their national academy β equivalent to the Royal Society and the British Academy in the UK β or likely to attain that standard if at an earlier stage in their academic career.
SΓΆhnke M. Bartram
Christoph Bode
MacDonald P. Jackson
John F. Helliwell
Vijay Mishra
Gjertrud Schnackenberg
K. G. Subramanyan
List of Cameron Mackintosh Visiting Professors
The Chair of Contemporary Theatre, founded through a grant from the Mackintosh Foundation at St Catherine's College in 1990, aims to promote interest in, and the study and practice of, contemporary theatre. The Visiting Professorship is awarded to a new chair on an annual basis. Throughout their tenure, the holder of this chair usually delivers two public lectures, and one, or sometimes more, smaller more intimate student workshops, which are usually conducted at the College.
2021: Adjoa Andoh
2019: Deborah Warner
2017: Sir Tom Stoppard
2016: Claude-Michel SchΓΆnberg
2014: Simon Russell Beale CBE
2013: Stephen Fry
2012: Sir Michael Boyd
2011: Meera Syal MBE
2010: Sir Trevor Nunn CBE
2009: Michael Frayn
2008: Kevin Spacey
2006: Sir Patrick Stewart OBE
2005: Phyllida Lloyd CBE
2004: Patrick Marber
2003: Sir Tim Rice
2002: Stephen Daldry CBE
2001: John Napier
2000: Sir Nicholas Hytner
1999: Dame Diana Rigg DBE
1998: Thelma Holt CBE
1997: Sir Richard Eyre CBE
1996: Lord Attenborough CBE
1995: Arthur Miller
1994: Sir Peter Shaffer CBE
1993: Michael Codron CBE
1992: Sir Alan Ayckbourn CBE
1991: Sir Ian McKellen CH CBE
1990: Stephen Sondheim
Gallery
References
Davies, M. & D. Creating St Catherine's College. Oxford: St Catherine's College, 1997. .
External links
Homepage
Virtual tour of Oxford. Produced by the Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford
Arne Jacobsen buildings
Educational institutions established in 1868
Educational institutions established in 1962
Colleges of the University of Oxford
Grade I listed buildings in Oxford
Grade I listed educational buildings
Buildings and structures of the University of Oxford
Modernist architecture in England
1868 establishments in England
1962 establishments in England | [
-0.3281551003456116,
0.2766282260417938,
0.7474173903465271,
-0.7935934662818909,
0.040993306785821915,
1.0731440782546997,
0.5917375087738037,
0.7476974129676819,
-0.7230815291404724,
-0.335394948720932,
-0.6662645936012268,
-0.09513173997402191,
0.6425600647926331,
0.3849725127220154,
0.2355097383260727,
-0.36364632844924927,
0.817674458026886,
0.42085736989974976,
0.10835149139165878,
-0.8289977312088013,
0.03236939385533333,
0.29061490297317505,
-0.27368950843811035,
0.26986098289489746,
0.22920440137386322,
-0.15661928057670593,
0.41908425092697144,
-0.16104470193386078,
0.08132103085517883,
-0.36582112312316895,
0.5806219577789307,
-0.12320006638765335,
0.07437201589345932,
-0.36262598633766174,
0.34964489936828613,
-0.5133650898933411,
0.13690030574798584,
-0.3026176989078522,
0.04202684387564659,
-0.10979985445737839,
-0.1445264369249344,
-0.3489428162574768,
0.35707196593284607,
0.3326176404953003,
-0.5455468893051147,
-0.5887669324874878,
-0.916365921497345,
0.31155163049697876,
-0.5481963157653809,
0.10594389587640762,
0.10531438142061234,
0.4136286675930023,
0.7261444330215454,
-0.31822094321250916,
0.08716212213039398,
0.25070178508758545,
-0.8389145135879517,
0.13449101150035858,
0.30086976289749146,
-0.38882455229759216,
-0.005831308197230101,
0.7246167659759521,
0.04269121587276459,
0.8581386208534241,
-0.41585713624954224,
-0.12636211514472961,
0.22001366317272186,
0.011706204153597355,
-1.1322002410888672,
-0.4954730272293091,
-0.25032222270965576,
-0.22132177650928497,
-0.1166343092918396,
0.49151861667633057,
-0.7083507180213928,
-0.6893531084060669,
-0.15227101743221283,
0.18438482284545898,
0.8211246728897095,
0.03224983438849449,
0.511742889881134,
0.47630399465560913,
0.22954274713993073,
0.5009379982948303,
0.7763176560401917,
0.8103271126747131,
-0.6931374073028564,
-0.23557721078395844,
-0.5582818984985352,
0.8671972751617432,
-0.27821752429008484,
0.15026001632213593,
-0.03036852553486824,
0.002060747006908059,
0.242025688290596,
-0.332975298166275,
-0.03773469850420952,
-0.030699225142598152,
0.34053441882133484,
-0.19525866210460663,
-0.540346622467041,
0.3289189636707306,
0.15941116213798523,
0.17618758976459503,
-0.5451172590255737,
-0.08485471457242966,
-0.9342580437660217,
-0.6155630350112915,
-0.3970816731452942,
-0.04762685298919678,
-0.9155020713806152,
-0.35807809233665466,
-0.44344085454940796,
0.3457113206386566,
-0.12810570001602173,
-0.08571357280015945,
-0.16616496443748474,
-0.5956369042396545,
-0.8833454251289368,
-0.1831735372543335,
-0.4438759982585907,
0.2203100323677063,
0.24325710535049438,
0.0969560369849205,
-0.022091256454586983,
0.1670949012041092,
0.37327516078948975,
0.5194873809814453,
-0.5025676488876343,
-0.26015639305114746,
0.3485530912876129,
0.5107455849647522,
0.21712318062782288,
-0.19360195100307465,
0.03860928863286972,
-0.06136525794863701,
-0.046703509986400604,
-0.19112329185009003,
0.3309876620769501,
0.6121277809143066,
-0.4347931146621704,
-0.1752241551876068,
-0.18350939452648163,
0.09944362193346024,
0.4048807919025421,
-0.23641571402549744,
-0.4145054817199707,
0.24183794856071472,
-0.4993759095668793,
-0.34150880575180054,
0.33503109216690063,
0.2734375298023224,
-0.4308907091617584,
-0.36959561705589294,
-0.09624484181404114,
0.4538205862045288,
0.1641865223646164,
0.3050254285335541,
-0.21854090690612793,
0.03143832087516785,
-0.4620281457901001,
-0.12597784399986267,
0.3359215259552002,
-0.12831111252307892,
-0.02195531129837036,
-0.1123395636677742,
0.6811321377754211,
-0.3578169047832489,
-0.5719219446182251,
0.22598671913146973,
-0.7885665893554688,
0.0007530587026849389,
0.6990626454353333,
-0.1968747079372406,
-0.08925195783376694,
-0.16837254166603088,
0.6434266567230225,
-0.12743157148361206,
0.5138201117515564,
-0.3233160972595215,
-0.5011289119720459,
0.4666520655155182,
-0.057167209684848785,
0.06997112184762955,
-0.21289166808128357,
0.019635573029518127,
-0.4524279832839966,
0.02505902200937271,
-0.485545814037323,
-0.02184074930846691,
-0.8158220052719116,
-0.33443328738212585,
-0.09989312291145325,
0.33340007066726685,
1.1350150108337402,
0.025915149599313736,
-0.7598266005516052,
0.7468032836914062,
-0.42332950234413147,
0.8464857935905457,
0.008175249211490154,
-0.06295006722211838,
-0.43538716435432434,
-0.45039474964141846,
-0.6187552809715271,
-0.06356982886791229,
0.20724433660507202,
0.4497457444667816,
0.30505111813545227,
0.4101375341415405,
-0.20679377019405365,
-0.5425980091094971,
0.11713262647390366,
0.24855543673038483,
0.1737281233072281,
-0.0996122881770134,
-0.37098002433776855,
-0.5086168050765991,
0.29449206590652466,
-0.5910559892654419,
0.8115290999412537,
-0.24747171998023987,
0.877128005027771,
0.045922353863716125,
-0.44490864872932434,
-0.0761287659406662,
0.0010764178587123752,
0.3667268455028534,
0.0896948054432869,
-0.3444103002548218,
0.2772749364376068,
0.34745219349861145,
-0.03148635849356651,
-0.10724444687366486,
-0.2666507363319397,
-0.4220231771469116,
-0.3497680425643921,
-0.5555033087730408,
0.6757471561431885,
-0.03346183896064758,
0.21874770522117615,
-0.027422472834587097,
-0.49249935150146484,
0.7739511728286743,
0.11637725681066513,
-0.3094191253185272,
0.33977124094963074,
0.24220125377178192,
-0.47975990176200867,
-0.19395218789577484,
0.20942960679531097,
-0.010068465955555439,
0.3714827001094818,
0.4114782214164734,
0.07348211854696274,
-0.09151837229728699,
-0.0747554823756218,
0.526470422744751,
0.11911653727293015,
0.38442927598953247,
-0.3111322224140167,
0.012582613155245781,
0.2055041491985321,
0.42837461829185486,
-0.531161904335022,
-0.25245803594589233,
-0.3512715995311737,
-0.6417721509933472,
0.1692637950181961,
0.12462984025478363,
-0.02760392054915428,
-0.65128493309021,
-0.39336827397346497,
0.07423015683889389,
-0.4913361668586731,
-0.064118392765522,
0.0028324222657829523,
-0.04661702737212181,
-0.6845266819000244,
-0.5436719655990601,
0.3318352997303009,
0.3356438875198364,
-0.27924615144729614,
-0.4794098138809204,
-0.13287660479545593,
0.30621933937072754,
-0.07250167429447174,
-0.3090361952781677,
-0.12464576214551926,
-0.015927668660879135,
-0.23708754777908325,
0.5833660960197449,
0.30017948150634766,
-0.06939900666475296,
0.3681762218475342,
0.4993560314178467,
0.27180537581443787,
-0.28035968542099,
0.04472648352384567,
-0.19750310480594635,
-0.028144991025328636,
0.8122026324272156,
0.4022394120693207,
0.26948219537734985,
0.7523825168609619,
-0.4442821443080902,
0.06498799473047256,
0.3855823874473572,
-5.7609782218933105,
-0.004504445940256119,
-0.4651758372783661,
0.3314473330974579,
0.9975897669792175,
-0.6159404516220093,
0.5381370782852173,
-0.5784441232681274,
-0.279769629240036,
-0.5627799034118652,
-0.33193153142929077,
-0.014851272106170654,
-0.3119104206562042,
0.30904844403266907,
0.406561940908432,
0.6548559069633484,
0.35279005765914917,
0.12681230902671814,
-0.03940679877996445,
0.5131405591964722,
-0.15483413636684418,
0.3468465507030487,
0.24716176092624664,
0.31866368651390076,
0.11458264291286469,
0.43918052315711975,
-0.07790717482566833,
-0.07447933405637741,
-0.6012044548988342,
-0.026895802468061447,
0.348719984292984,
-0.1817442625761032,
-0.17015540599822998,
-0.20624512434005737,
-0.33569857478141785,
0.3668650686740875,
0.7168006896972656,
0.016222020611166954,
0.22272181510925293,
-0.010110423900187016,
0.551698625087738,
0.13960914313793182,
0.42400142550468445,
-0.12816153466701508,
0.22725822031497955,
-0.7240188121795654,
-0.5532513856887817,
-0.00985158234834671,
-0.2670443058013916,
0.5565261244773865,
-0.5576231479644775,
0.3232695162296295,
0.2235388159751892,
0.07723351567983627,
-0.20172801613807678,
-0.24278968572616577,
0.015068200416862965,
0.06005866080522537,
0.04540656507015228,
-0.28206050395965576,
0.10330934822559357,
-0.5004907846450806,
0.07456411421298981,
-0.5562761425971985,
-0.5076373815536499,
-0.4223196506500244,
-0.22771693766117096,
0.5089280605316162,
0.10519648343324661,
0.2969856560230255,
0.011160308495163918,
-0.12445395439863205,
-0.12524357438087463,
-0.8510240316390991,
-0.42590174078941345,
-0.6565073728561401,
-0.16499380767345428,
-0.1843225210905075,
0.15091010928153992,
0.0866747573018074,
0.01663530245423317,
-0.09222537279129028,
-0.17059160768985748,
0.38399186730384827,
-0.07747285813093185,
-0.9276490211486816,
-0.30538225173950195,
0.3486591875553131,
-0.49454396963119507,
-0.3337107002735138,
-0.1628028005361557,
-0.26479554176330566,
-0.04542689025402069,
0.5669897198677063,
0.4801751673221588,
0.003375848289579153,
-0.2012988179922104,
0.5454451441764832,
-0.1765894591808319,
0.14326182007789612,
0.3649895191192627,
-0.29077091813087463,
0.19728723168373108,
0.32705703377723694,
-0.028540007770061493,
-0.45425525307655334,
-0.03318878263235092,
0.37242454290390015,
0.6589358448982239,
0.03585677221417427,
0.5020816922187805,
-0.42478808760643005,
-0.3240015506744385,
-0.3155725598335266,
-0.08591027557849884,
-0.23198860883712769,
-0.0034474057611078024,
0.07937394082546234,
-0.45058882236480713,
0.14416198432445526,
0.04580693319439888,
-0.0637960284948349,
-0.12831786274909973,
0.07166947424411774,
-0.5658703446388245,
-0.2139884978532791,
0.3331014811992645,
-0.20094896852970123,
-0.12718050181865692,
-0.1688922792673111,
0.02391868457198143,
-0.09445775300264359,
0.12382083386182785,
0.08623065054416656,
-0.25446468591690063,
-0.31203147768974304,
0.2630482614040375,
-0.18539312481880188,
-0.2872474193572998,
0.28439706563949585,
0.265503466129303,
0.14865335822105408,
-0.30865564942359924,
-0.015824424102902412,
0.49934208393096924,
0.5336719155311584,
-0.03520529717206955,
0.37751442193984985,
-0.578251302242279,
0.3863643705844879,
-0.38431161642074585,
-0.4288804829120636,
0.08776739239692688,
0.19032037258148193,
0.21840228140354156,
-0.0410119891166687,
-0.41723209619522095,
0.7635596394538879,
-0.12141831964254379,
0.17380477488040924,
-0.36553534865379333,
-0.1397465318441391,
-0.6960523128509521,
-0.7245873808860779,
0.5802083611488342,
0.2809813618659973,
-0.0052037471905350685,
-0.44974881410598755,
-0.7638494968414307,
0.20311416685581207,
0.16356533765792847,
-0.15728417038917542,
-0.43964266777038574,
-0.24927227199077606,
0.10590699315071106,
0.08872947096824646,
-0.020317712798714638,
-0.05491742491722107,
-0.07018915563821793,
-0.03664632886648178,
0.18478193879127502,
-0.5633230209350586,
0.4423579275608063,
0.18053199350833893,
0.706396758556366,
-0.0867355540394783,
-0.5494626760482788,
-0.4719970226287842,
0.365745484828949,
-0.4131017029285431,
-0.0495404489338398,
-0.18632738292217255,
0.07427814602851868,
0.09978631138801575,
-0.19469206035137177,
-0.4802296459674835,
-0.28279149532318115,
0.2367439568042755,
-0.398929625749588,
-0.024590421468019485,
0.02321748621761799,
0.6412087082862854,
-0.7658401727676392,
0.9188106656074524,
0.5792334675788879,
-0.344005286693573,
0.5460407733917236,
0.013048088178038597,
0.12182159721851349,
0.31249693036079407,
-0.10448760539293289,
-0.5657753348350525,
0.3257806599140167,
0.7329033613204956,
-0.8404900431632996,
-0.06618541479110718,
-0.3190692365169525,
-0.25243958830833435,
-0.1618410348892212,
-0.1016048863530159,
-0.5393683910369873,
-0.3608412444591522,
-0.32790279388427734,
-0.225847989320755,
-0.31745925545692444,
0.5704913139343262,
0.09081946313381195,
-0.6402491331100464,
0.7861149907112122,
-0.2281334549188614,
0.47597119212150574,
-0.26236218214035034,
-0.08502623438835144,
-0.17864342033863068,
0.5195983052253723,
-0.5437141060829163,
0.06964091956615448,
-0.01439387071877718,
-0.38210010528564453,
0.3236667513847351,
0.29031193256378174,
0.9780362248420715,
-0.3414106070995331,
-0.5339096188545227,
-0.3307509124279022,
0.5087446570396423,
0.13453377783298492,
0.3750634491443634,
-0.4404696226119995,
0.23854030668735504,
0.2385309636592865,
-0.2941285967826843,
0.14438648521900177,
-0.3256688117980957,
-0.1446177363395691,
-0.12578211724758148,
0.004563025664538145,
-0.04185488820075989,
-0.2541861832141876,
-0.04500971734523773,
0.4706054925918579,
-0.11881539970636368,
-0.5214245319366455,
0.05651262030005455,
-0.16961191594600677,
0.0952729731798172,
-0.4034484326839447,
-0.38087552785873413,
0.22256165742874146,
-0.11887603253126144,
0.28162190318107605,
-0.32067862153053284,
0.05179298296570778,
0.0803048312664032,
-0.11011222749948502,
0.2859329283237457,
-0.29315894842147827,
-0.5858673453330994,
0.9045181274414062,
0.019027652218937874,
-0.3107108175754547,
0.21476344764232635,
0.049761272966861725,
-0.16324223577976227,
0.5424690246582031,
-0.6240253448486328,
0.20275065302848816,
0.5072488784790039,
-0.13281063735485077,
0.6715404987335205,
-0.23965507745742798,
-0.22632773220539093,
-0.014679529704153538,
0.44337451457977295,
0.01008593663573265,
0.16120745241641998,
0.6127151250839233,
-0.006714010611176491,
0.6684614419937134,
-0.03604738414287567,
-0.6059651970863342,
0.6355345249176025,
0.619748592376709,
0.03896215930581093,
0.4955049157142639,
0.00831644143909216,
-0.5814605355262756,
-0.14288710057735443,
0.09423883259296417,
0.06084989011287689,
0.20086558163166046,
-0.1465146839618683,
0.8520397543907166,
0.19908365607261658,
-0.37805265188217163,
-0.06113356351852417,
0.17906004190444946,
-0.4802258014678955,
0.0966324508190155,
0.4077388048171997,
-0.42064058780670166,
0.5818086266517639,
0.06298340111970901,
-0.0741492286324501,
-0.0723838284611702,
0.42941054701805115,
-0.6316632628440857,
-0.2754543423652649,
0.18233425915241241,
0.3679870367050171,
-0.04558038339018822,
-0.17190684378147125,
-0.27438774704933167,
1.1410751342773438,
-0.14134231209754944,
-0.3962407410144806,
-0.24866580963134766,
-1.202741026878357,
-0.33760252594947815,
0.058856021612882614,
0.8335289359092712,
0.5270554423332214,
-0.39576268196105957,
0.12056929618120193,
-0.7036681771278381,
0.04060175269842148,
0.33115696907043457,
0.20040185749530792,
-0.2919946312904358,
0.41238126158714294,
0.2535857856273651,
-0.033397022634744644,
0.22011838853359222,
0.16671673953533173,
-0.004871300887316465,
0.291720449924469,
0.29559049010276794,
-0.2945791482925415,
-1.006248116493225,
-0.02801535651087761,
-0.2661696970462799,
0.7931070923805237,
0.7642796635627747,
-0.2031826376914978,
-0.14770792424678802,
-0.013119508512318134,
0.9330499768257141,
-0.14893122017383575,
0.3506138324737549,
0.3017112612724304,
0.0668238028883934,
0.6516782641410828,
0.2672071158885956,
-0.3691248893737793,
0.25651130080223083,
0.45227712392807007,
-0.13293233513832092,
0.7774379849433899,
0.019205033779144287,
-0.5308029651641846,
-0.27133646607398987,
-0.5636034607887268,
0.11431416124105453,
0.09062684327363968,
-0.21993637084960938,
-0.5522488951683044,
-0.2337287962436676,
0.3274683654308319,
-0.7923607230186462,
0.1072792187333107,
0.05147330090403557,
-0.12804147601127625,
0.19686828553676605,
0.02208181470632553,
-0.4205089509487152,
-0.1108689233660698,
0.09950320422649384,
0.7306302785873413,
0.4190848171710968,
0.24363982677459717,
-0.1309334635734558,
-0.19101972877979279,
-0.7434494495391846,
0.23093636333942413,
-0.06419681012630463,
0.2311074584722519,
-0.13075387477874756,
0.0203546155244112,
-0.6500228643417358,
-0.09687402099370956,
0.18244986236095428,
0.2438964992761612,
-0.1775640994310379,
0.3220008909702301,
-0.11989381164312363,
1.0813789367675781,
0.6118822693824768,
0.23194986581802368,
-0.09784330427646637,
-0.17407147586345673,
-0.17388512194156647,
0.37370648980140686,
0.25775811076164246,
0.5397814512252808,
0.11808088421821594,
-0.05041470751166344,
-0.21083486080169678,
0.5908167958259583,
-0.7522299885749817,
0.35762229561805725,
-0.1302882730960846,
0.4899352192878723,
-0.37651920318603516,
0.708827793598175,
-0.3397831320762634,
0.5612148642539978,
0.5823414325714111,
0.7817268967628479,
0.1696692854166031,
-0.4514351189136505,
-0.4077095687389374,
-0.16238418221473694,
0.5231387615203857,
0.23551267385482788,
0.6377429366111755,
0.0640658438205719,
-0.40022316575050354,
-0.23169295489788055,
-0.48960426449775696,
0.10618971288204193,
0.4995311498641968,
-0.25682199001312256,
0.36055731773376465,
-0.6124814748764038,
-0.2082304209470749,
-0.4177986681461334,
-0.18973888456821442,
-0.14470888674259186,
0.38501229882240295,
0.8171975612640381
]
|
128379 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%20Cross%20College%2C%20Oxford | St Cross College, Oxford | St Cross College is a constituent college of the University of Oxford in England. Founded in 1965, St Cross is an all-graduate college with gothic and traditional-style buildings on a central site in St Giles', just south of Pusey Street. It aims to match the structure, life and support of undergraduate colleges, with the relaxed atmosphere of an all-graduate college.
History
St Cross College was formally set up as a society by the University on 5 October 1965; it was to admit its first graduate students (five in number) in the following year. Like the majority of Oxford's newer colleges, St Cross has been co-educational since its foundation.
The early location of St Cross was on a site in , immediately south of St Cross Church. The college took its name from its proximity to these places. In 1976 negotiations began between the college and the members of Pusey House over the possibility of moving the college to the St Giles site. The negotiations were successful, and in 1981 the college moved from StΒ Cross Road into a site owned by Pusey House for a leased period of 999-years. The old site on St Cross Road continued to be used, initially by the Centre for Islamic Studies (at that time an Associated Centre of the college), and then subsequently in the early 1990s the site was developed by the college in collaboration with Brasenose College. The site now houses two residential buildings, which were opened in 1996.
On 18 November 2010, it was announced that Sir Mark Jones, previously Director of the Victoria and Albert Museum, had been elected as the next Master of the college; he took up the post in September 2011. Unlike every other college head (except the presidents of Kellogg and Reuben), the Master of St Cross is appointed not by the college's governing body but by the University Council. Therefore, the election has only the character of a recommendation to Council, albeit one which is constantly followed.
In May 2016, it was announced that the Fellows of St Cross College had elected Carole Souter, then chief executive of the National Heritage Memorial Fund and Heritage Lottery Fund, as the next Master of the college. In September 2016, she succeeded Sir Mark Jones, who had been Master of St Cross since 2011.
Buildings
The college is located on St Giles' near to the Ashmolean Museum, south of Regent's Park College and immediately north of Blackfriars and is facing St John's College, Oxford. It is also close to the Classics Faculty and the Oriental Institute.
The college buildings are structured around two quads, the Richard Blackwell Quadrangle and the new West Quad. St Cross shares the site with Pusey House, which comprises the first floor and parts of the ground floor to the eastern side of the Blackwell quad, a library on the first floor on its western side, as well as the chapel. The original Pusey House buildings around the Blackwell quad, including the chapel, date from the period of 1884 to 1926 and are mainly the work of the architects Temple and Leslie Moore and Ninian Comper. Discreet internal alterations were made when St Cross moved in by Geoffrey Beard and the Oxford Architects Partnership. Among these was the conversion of a cloister and store rooms into the Saugman Hall (now the Saugman Common Room) named after Per Saugman, a former Director of Blackwell Scientific Publications and a former fellow of the college. The first quadrangle was named the Richard Blackwell Quadrangle in honour of Richard Blackwell (another former fellow); both Saugman and Blackwell played a crucial part in securing the large Blackwell benefaction for St Cross. Most students, however, used to refer to the Richard Blackwell Quadrangle by its nickname: 'the Quad'. After completion of the second quad, it is now commonly known as 'the front Quad'.
At the west side of the Blackwell Quad lies the Four Colleges Arch, named after the four colleges which had contributed especially generous capital and recurrent funding to St Cross: Merton, All Souls, Christ Church, and St John's. Behind the Four Colleges Arch originally lay a large open garden bordered by medieval boundary wall. This offered the college the possibility of expanding its buildings and erecting a second quadrangle, the West Quad.
Work was first completed on the South Wing on the southern side of the West Quad, containing a hall and kitchen, with bar, the Ian Skipper conference room, and the Caroline Miles games room below, a guest room and study bedrooms above. This development has in part been financed by Ian Skipper, Domus fellow of the college, after whom the conference room on the lower ground floor was named.
A second building to the western and northern sides of the West Quad was set to be completed in time for the college's semicentennial in 2015. However, planning permission for the new building was rejected, as it required the demolition of a medieval boundary wall, an action which the council qualified as 'unjustifiable'. Planning permission was subsequently granted following an appeal, and the new West Wing building was completed in 2017. The new West Quad includes 50 student bedrooms, a lecture theatre, a library with a garden room (the Douglas and Catherine Wigdor Library), several seminar rooms, and the Audrey Blackman Guest Room.
In addition to the current main site, the college still owns its original site on St Cross Road, located near the Law Faculty and English Faculty. After the college moved to its present location, this site was developed into student accommodation, the St Cross Annexe. The site is shared with Brasenose, who also own an annexe on the site. Additional buildings which are run by St Cross College as student accommodation include Bradmore Road House, Stonemason House, and the Wellington Square houses.
The master's lodgings are also located in Wellington Square.
Academia
In 2016, St Cross had over 550 graduate students, studying for degrees in all subjects. There is a strong emphasis on international diversity, with regularly over 75% of the students coming from outside the UK (2016: 83%). This is reflected in the college motto Ad quattuor cardines mundi, meaning 'to the four corners of the earth'. The fellowship is similarly diverse and represents a broad range of academic disciplines in the sciences and the arts.
The college awards a number of scholarships in different subjects, predominantly in the humanities and social sciences.
Student life
Students are admitted and matriculated according to the same admissions procedures as the other colleges and halls of the University of Oxford. Unusually for an Oxford college, there is a founding tradition of sharing social facilities between fellows, members of Pusey House, the Common Room and students, with no separate high table or Senior Common Room. This gives the college a much more informal atmosphere and makes it an important community of scholars who forge links across a range of subjects.
The college has an active social calendar for both current students and alumni. There are a range of college societies and sports teams (often in collaboration with other colleges), as well as weekly academic seminars and annual conferences.
The college's Boat Club, shared with Wolfson College is particularly successful, and like many other college boat clubs competes both within the university itself and in external competitions. The St Cross women's football team also enjoys success, becoming Cuppers Champions in 2015.
Other events in the college include regular formal hall, a feast once a term, 'bops' (informal college-based parties) and a yearly ball. As a result of the large international community at St Cross, the college strives to cater a wide range of events from other cultures; St Cross was the first Oxford college to officially celebrate Chinese New Year. Reunion events for alumni are hosted by the college annually both in Oxford itself and abroad.
Students are provided with accommodation in the first year of study. College students have the opportunity to participate in a variety of extra-curricular activities. There are sports teams in football, rowing, netball and basketball as well as opportunities to play other sports for other Oxford colleges.
The Common Room also provides arts activities, such as an annual play and pantomime, as well as several social societies. The cafe/bar area is a large oak-panelled room, including leather sofas, a TV, a sound system for bi-termly parties (bops), a football table. There is also a free DVD rental library. During Trinity Term, croquet and Pimms are enjoyed on the quad.
Administration
Together with Kellogg and Reuben, St Cross is one of only three Oxford colleges without a royal charter. It is officially a society of the university rather than an independent college. The main difference from an independent college is that the governing body only recommends a Master, who is then appointed by Council; in other colleges, the head of house is elected and appointed by the governing body directly. For accounting purposes, the societies are considered departments of the university. St Cross has one of the smallest endowments of any Oxford college, at approximately Β£8Β million. Nevertheless, the college has several scholarships that it awards to current and prospective graduate students and that are funded by third party donations and alumni.
Traditions
Grace
The college grace is:
Egalitarianism
The college prides itself on a deliberate egalitarianism among its members. Unlike most colleges, St Cross does not divide its common rooms between senior and middle members. All facilities are open to everyone, students and fellows alike. There is no High Table in the dining hall, and at formal meals, the Master and Fellows sit among the students in the dining hall small size (which seats 120 in 3 rows) with the master being sited at the centre of the top table.
People associated with the college
Notable alumni
Aharon Appelfeld, Israeli novelist
Steve Baker, British politician
Ruth Barnes, academic and curator of the Ashmolean Museum and Yale University Art Gallery
Christian M. M. Brady, academic at Penn State University
Tilman BrΓΌck, director of the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute
John Burn, geneticist
Kurt M. Campbell, American diplomat and Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs
Alan Carter, professor and environmental philosopher
Steven Casey, historian and academic
Yusuf Γetin, Turkish religious leader
Roger Collins, medieval and papal historian
Lisa Downing, author and professor
Tim Foster, Olympic rowing gold medalist
Toshiharu Furukawa, Japanese politician, professor, and CEO
M. G. Harris, children's author
R. Joseph Hoffmann, religious historian and translator
John F. Jungclaussen, journalist and author, UK correspondent Die Zeit
John Kingman, British mathematician and fellow of the Royal Society
Hermione Lee, , Goldsmiths' Professor of English Literature, President of Wolfson College, Oxford
Kelsey Leonard, first Native American woman to earn a degree from the University of Oxford
Jason Gaverick Matheny, academic, risk assessor and co-founder of New Harvest
Pete Mathias, musician and drummer in the band Filligar
Sultan Muhammad V, Sultan of the Malaysian state of Kelantan and 15th Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia
Jonathan Orszag, American economist, politician and CEO
David Digby Rendel, British politician
Richard Rudgley, anthropologist, author, and television presenter
Peter Schweizer, political writer and researcher at Stanford University
, academic and author
Anne Ulrich, biochemist and professor at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
Mihai RΔzvan Ungureanu, former Prime Minister of Romania, diplomat and politician
Douglas Wigdor, American lawyer and former Assistant District Attorney for New York
Graham Wiggins, musician
Mungo Mason, Scottish professional rugby
Fellows
Honorary Fellows
Muhammad V of Kelantan, former Yang di-Pertuan Agong (King) of Malaysia
Masters
William van Heyningen, 1966β1979
Godfrey H. Stafford, 1979β1987
Richard C. Repp, 1987β2003
Andrew S. Goudie, 2003β2011
Sir Mark Jones, 2011β2016
Carole Souter, 2016βpresent
References
Bibliography
Kenneth Hylson-Smith, A History of Holywell and St Cross College/Brasenose College Residential Site (Oxford, 1996).
Kenneth Hylson-Smith, David Sturdy & Brian Atkins, A History of St Giles and the St Cross College/Pusey House Site (Oxford, 1993).
'St Cross College', in The Encyclopaedia of Oxford, ed. Christopher Hibbert (London, 1988), 385β6.
St Cross College Record, 1β (1980β).
W. E. van Heyningen, The Founding of St Cross College, Oxford: An Interested Account (Oxford, 1988).
External links
Official website of the Student Representative Committee (SRC)
Virtual tour of the Blackwell Quad
Colleges of the University of Oxford
Educational institutions established in 1965
Buildings and structures of the University of Oxford
Oxford, St Cross College
1965 establishments in England
Grade II listed buildings in Oxford
Postgraduate schools in the United Kingdom | [
0.022239038720726967,
0.6717767715454102,
0.5057842135429382,
-0.7649518847465515,
-0.20597058534622192,
0.8626682758331299,
1.1255897283554077,
0.943210780620575,
-0.561586320400238,
-0.5723456144332886,
-0.5636473894119263,
-0.2617538273334503,
0.18816566467285156,
0.2731426954269409,
0.4238445460796356,
-0.28788986802101135,
0.4206622540950775,
0.5990740060806274,
-0.13658422231674194,
-0.9783857464790344,
-0.18824028968811035,
0.03639956936240196,
-0.3459850549697876,
0.3795076608657837,
0.25491368770599365,
0.07631697505712509,
0.37365812063217163,
-0.3462856113910675,
-0.05752631276845932,
-0.4030515253543854,
1.0255329608917236,
0.08439815789461136,
-0.12008889764547348,
-0.3510601818561554,
0.2178555130958557,
-0.647733747959137,
0.21141274273395538,
-0.6102144718170166,
-0.06437383592128754,
-0.006455413531512022,
0.08254516869783401,
-0.3180861175060272,
0.26289892196655273,
0.43684348464012146,
-0.21633689105510712,
-0.7605656385421753,
-0.7984660863876343,
0.39713767170906067,
-0.9021819233894348,
0.3331708610057831,
0.28126955032348633,
0.37990516424179077,
0.45964929461479187,
-0.14090290665626526,
0.13877537846565247,
0.28582876920700073,
-0.8112148642539978,
0.20041875541210175,
0.6861100196838379,
-0.3595782220363617,
-0.08860274404287338,
0.6603705883026123,
-0.1756034642457962,
0.810787558555603,
-0.5438061952590942,
-0.16203458607196808,
0.31735342741012573,
0.13084226846694946,
-0.8386563658714294,
-0.34640073776245117,
-0.2718241512775421,
-0.39646100997924805,
-0.04520077630877495,
0.5469642877578735,
-0.5473343729972839,
-0.8589715957641602,
-0.13910025358200073,
0.27336159348487854,
0.5859336256980896,
-0.03405366837978363,
0.5015221238136292,
0.3694523572921753,
0.08451742678880692,
0.7339001297950745,
0.799816370010376,
0.8716358542442322,
-0.7098857760429382,
-0.45402607321739197,
-0.5456624627113342,
1.0423016548156738,
-0.47408849000930786,
0.012782888486981392,
-0.28856161236763,
0.134587824344635,
0.418661504983902,
-0.20648854970932007,
-0.27443429827690125,
0.013471964746713638,
0.4168626368045807,
-0.18597665429115295,
-0.4181520938873291,
0.1991969645023346,
0.27345195412635803,
0.13042880594730377,
-0.48520219326019287,
-0.1213894858956337,
-0.9327619671821594,
-0.8463572859764099,
-0.14052727818489075,
-0.3301409184932709,
-0.8224411606788635,
-0.041936278343200684,
-0.6687271595001221,
0.33747321367263794,
-0.11916962265968323,
-0.11902497708797455,
-0.11956441402435303,
-0.45192912220954895,
-0.5615571141242981,
-0.133403941988945,
-0.6519498229026794,
0.46108144521713257,
0.07245266437530518,
0.26194101572036743,
-0.1739521026611328,
0.4639550745487213,
0.47337567806243896,
0.3663203716278076,
-0.4645215570926666,
-0.005038037896156311,
0.2986904978752136,
0.8223240375518799,
0.25003165006637573,
-0.2230294644832611,
-0.019608380272984505,
-0.12443921715021133,
0.18183115124702454,
-0.13820227980613708,
0.05412517115473747,
0.47832024097442627,
-0.655657172203064,
-0.4349491000175476,
-0.41360870003700256,
-0.06378702819347382,
0.5201683640480042,
-0.05964774265885353,
-0.6264051198959351,
-0.10051801055669785,
-0.2958579361438751,
-0.20240190625190735,
0.5264202356338501,
0.3700021505355835,
-0.4781807065010071,
0.027593431994318962,
-0.16072671115398407,
0.6009523868560791,
0.27356424927711487,
0.3672550320625305,
0.09163082391023636,
0.048776138573884964,
-0.24583303928375244,
-0.03121337480843067,
0.5483220815658569,
-0.11852257698774338,
0.057807404547929764,
-0.09079776704311371,
0.5332053899765015,
-0.6953677535057068,
-0.4049765169620514,
0.35318925976753235,
-0.8349822759628296,
-0.10789509117603302,
0.5053452849388123,
-0.5330953001976013,
0.19321157038211823,
-0.3847271502017975,
0.712834894657135,
0.09985250979661942,
0.4415017068386078,
-0.21987561881542206,
-0.5101261138916016,
0.17008931934833527,
0.0006775623769499362,
0.27092769742012024,
-0.41844338178634644,
0.07817469537258148,
-0.17637111246585846,
0.107313372194767,
-0.3141421675682068,
0.16770319640636444,
-0.7212739586830139,
-0.4940861761569977,
0.2052127718925476,
-0.07500865310430527,
1.320341944694519,
-0.10749482363462448,
-0.857016921043396,
0.4212660491466522,
-0.7302958369255066,
0.7870711088180542,
-0.22214461863040924,
-0.01248839870095253,
-0.2703930139541626,
-0.5764552354812622,
-0.6276717782020569,
0.20609228312969208,
0.3404223918914795,
-0.0888475775718689,
0.5337010622024536,
0.15744276344776154,
0.08971884846687317,
-0.38099217414855957,
-0.11403494328260422,
0.40066057443618774,
0.20616404712200165,
-0.24767784774303436,
-0.3880705237388611,
-0.5248091220855713,
0.08350411802530289,
-0.7482220530509949,
0.7216209769248962,
-0.3912729322910309,
0.6805235147476196,
0.3413296341896057,
-0.608847439289093,
-0.1337616741657257,
-0.13615603744983673,
0.6136654019355774,
0.16449706256389618,
-0.5416067838668823,
0.5041759014129639,
0.615447461605072,
-0.027893995866179466,
0.059848688542842865,
-0.2819047272205353,
-0.7327084541320801,
-0.18746930360794067,
-0.6791121363639832,
0.5462908744812012,
0.1807732880115509,
0.24595345556735992,
-0.12077596783638,
-0.7957146167755127,
0.4891301095485687,
0.28626561164855957,
-0.11765316873788834,
0.4701966941356659,
0.24999257922172546,
-0.44037002325057983,
-0.09212251007556915,
0.13957293331623077,
0.007454201579093933,
0.42382073402404785,
0.19839926064014435,
0.08774127066135406,
0.05310887098312378,
-0.16283831000328064,
0.4111330211162567,
0.09104779362678528,
0.407796174287796,
-0.290422648191452,
-0.09441989660263062,
0.28409504890441895,
0.4809129238128662,
-0.4399868845939636,
-0.6608513593673706,
-0.478026807308197,
-0.6452805399894714,
0.1384941041469574,
-0.13225878775119781,
0.20006349682807922,
-0.6708495616912842,
-0.22957883775234222,
-0.17050309479236603,
-0.36539480090141296,
0.12267757207155228,
-0.005005163140594959,
0.13013076782226562,
-0.5719224214553833,
-0.16805554926395416,
0.025520028546452522,
0.595430314540863,
-0.23208411037921906,
-0.28507351875305176,
-0.27922308444976807,
0.38364824652671814,
-0.04690609872341156,
-0.38351723551750183,
-0.274905800819397,
0.07264146953821182,
-0.21089895069599152,
0.8831669092178345,
0.18259210884571075,
0.3385440707206726,
0.21450567245483398,
0.28488847613334656,
0.39551860094070435,
-0.47454705834388733,
0.005859989207237959,
-0.12428388744592667,
0.18005192279815674,
1.0010180473327637,
0.21207529306411743,
0.542462944984436,
0.7907795906066895,
-0.46500712633132935,
-0.3096468448638916,
0.5241151452064514,
-5.552888870239258,
0.019157076254487038,
-0.2329690307378769,
0.31236156821250916,
1.0994442701339722,
-0.6017593741416931,
0.49873578548431396,
-0.5879796743392944,
-0.2556096911430359,
-0.34890052676200867,
-0.28863289952278137,
0.0756993368268013,
-0.1527596414089203,
0.3621154725551605,
0.604457676410675,
0.7369728684425354,
0.47914648056030273,
-0.14925843477249146,
0.09354552626609802,
0.5010981559753418,
-0.41734057664871216,
0.44169825315475464,
0.20219288766384125,
0.29696065187454224,
-0.09411431103944778,
0.586199939250946,
-0.3084532916545868,
0.34134507179260254,
-0.4943941831588745,
-0.27202942967414856,
0.40917813777923584,
-0.24330724775791168,
0.0963917151093483,
-0.633266270160675,
-0.48030737042427063,
0.23618292808532715,
0.6123319268226624,
0.2922385036945343,
0.0030892498325556517,
0.09124201536178589,
0.5752009153366089,
0.17032666504383087,
0.1700180321931839,
-0.28368905186653137,
0.38325002789497375,
-0.3913135528564453,
-0.739768385887146,
0.08000333607196808,
-0.3186514675617218,
0.5269165635108948,
-0.6947526931762695,
0.42758306860923767,
0.45636996626853943,
0.4282378852367401,
-0.2567693591117859,
-0.5897020697593689,
0.07969781756401062,
-0.16573987901210785,
-0.12878842651844025,
-0.022569511085748672,
0.3493972420692444,
-0.542050302028656,
-0.13242514431476593,
-0.5527976751327515,
-0.39531347155570984,
-0.3224527835845947,
-0.3404439687728882,
0.5028793215751648,
0.08460424095392227,
0.02883770875632763,
-0.07431071251630783,
0.1556490659713745,
-0.19560196995735168,
-0.7481048107147217,
-0.5504173040390015,
-0.5892705917358398,
-0.0054786731489002705,
-0.24325495958328247,
0.13257169723510742,
0.16942496597766876,
-0.10707554221153259,
0.059018492698669434,
-0.3799399137496948,
0.3271738290786743,
0.08317457139492035,
-0.7904936075210571,
-0.35111621022224426,
0.18002305924892426,
-0.7895280122756958,
-0.515788733959198,
-0.19592751562595367,
-0.18691278994083405,
-0.454884797334671,
0.7957710027694702,
0.4718256890773773,
0.008516773581504822,
-0.10290517657995224,
0.46238696575164795,
-0.22238005697727203,
-0.22898022830486298,
0.38346850872039795,
-0.360657662153244,
0.20962689816951752,
-0.032888900488615036,
-0.5960962772369385,
-0.5235865116119385,
0.21738187968730927,
0.4705575704574585,
0.27978718280792236,
0.09272918105125427,
0.3360370993614197,
-0.3167341351509094,
-0.7887533903121948,
0.11981557309627533,
-0.17746803164482117,
0.016346877440810204,
-0.29799485206604004,
-0.10155757516622543,
-0.5476267337799072,
0.26270315051078796,
0.1457774043083191,
0.006876757834106684,
0.18409934639930725,
-0.28278520703315735,
-0.3726505935192108,
-0.24059957265853882,
0.17738871276378632,
-0.03264261409640312,
-0.3542918264865875,
-0.40687549114227295,
0.05469512194395065,
-0.11169252544641495,
0.225986510515213,
0.3108045756816864,
-0.3616976737976074,
-0.26500067114830017,
-0.2503388226032257,
0.045729860663414,
0.15593351423740387,
0.42870232462882996,
0.24362589418888092,
-0.10942243784666061,
-0.23457561433315277,
0.27279993891716003,
0.4599437117576599,
0.6390955448150635,
-0.13857699930667877,
0.4885292947292328,
-0.5987387299537659,
0.7423519492149353,
-0.5576954483985901,
-0.48150375485420227,
0.1837819665670395,
0.0044271028600633144,
0.32010185718536377,
0.10638866573572159,
-0.374277800321579,
0.6070098280906677,
0.08731783181428909,
-0.02260737121105194,
-0.38915297389030457,
-0.20286643505096436,
-0.6253632307052612,
-0.2724987268447876,
0.40598365664482117,
0.45861321687698364,
-0.1124233603477478,
-0.5240249633789062,
-0.759269118309021,
0.19102074205875397,
0.042360007762908936,
0.04199030250310898,
-0.6700756549835205,
-0.20352999866008759,
0.22193442285060883,
0.14484041929244995,
-0.06590763479471207,
-0.011217090301215649,
0.003889226820319891,
-0.14008459448814392,
0.35009533166885376,
-0.09604573249816895,
0.4435773193836212,
0.14112699031829834,
0.7144468426704407,
-0.3473096191883087,
-0.6477787494659424,
-0.6256616711616516,
0.3599589467048645,
-0.3624621629714966,
0.2244272530078888,
-0.0895225927233696,
0.02537108212709427,
0.24774940311908722,
-0.1843966692686081,
-0.6079587340354919,
-0.13458530604839325,
-0.3656942546367645,
-0.31888440251350403,
-0.12887020409107208,
0.18628327548503876,
0.46205615997314453,
-0.35093754529953003,
1.1440283060073853,
0.330761194229126,
-0.5348069071769714,
0.2752142548561096,
0.3429119288921356,
-0.06485317647457123,
0.4979000687599182,
-0.14875760674476624,
-0.7604578733444214,
0.2028087079524994,
0.6285884976387024,
-1.111344575881958,
-0.1716219186782837,
-0.14494995772838593,
-0.22878716886043549,
-0.37049204111099243,
0.12783411145210266,
-0.33819684386253357,
-0.011896110139787197,
-0.3389754891395569,
-0.1304215043783188,
-0.5328825116157532,
0.6086952090263367,
0.2657631039619446,
-0.5941771864891052,
0.691251277923584,
-0.14136293530464172,
0.1696372777223587,
0.0041398825123906136,
-0.21848098933696747,
0.16880135238170624,
0.7364703416824341,
-0.27800706028938293,
0.2355634570121765,
0.030914397910237312,
-0.3356711268424988,
0.1181795597076416,
0.12775170803070068,
0.8858172297477722,
-0.2622005045413971,
-0.909602701663971,
-0.1532278060913086,
0.6361327767372131,
0.2699739933013916,
0.40848633646965027,
-0.5709143280982971,
0.17644791305065155,
0.5045788288116455,
-0.16282209753990173,
-0.09016527235507965,
-0.2901889383792877,
-0.1089654266834259,
-0.34964752197265625,
-0.262351930141449,
0.09231039881706238,
-0.04563659429550171,
-0.2458479106426239,
0.47154051065444946,
-0.019284101203083992,
-0.5825913548469543,
0.24301429092884064,
-0.1377321481704712,
0.07207856327295303,
-0.06510652601718903,
-0.3841954171657562,
0.41688334941864014,
-0.06275275349617004,
0.06365323066711426,
-0.389488160610199,
-0.3675210773944855,
0.5696142315864563,
-0.34664401412010193,
0.236200749874115,
-0.666985809803009,
-0.742313802242279,
0.7938082218170166,
-0.14283786714076996,
-0.2886320948600769,
0.21204394102096558,
0.06136009469628334,
-0.09487073868513107,
0.40647417306900024,
-0.7332505583763123,
0.10931433737277985,
0.4533480703830719,
0.0170020442456007,
0.6619741916656494,
-0.4951436221599579,
-0.44239357113838196,
0.005959330592304468,
0.3546335697174072,
0.07998410612344742,
0.1055087298154831,
0.3287612795829773,
0.002641711849719286,
0.6741095185279846,
-0.13324418663978577,
-0.7269042134284973,
0.8599263429641724,
0.5203951597213745,
-0.035699836909770966,
0.4336804747581482,
0.12208957970142365,
-0.6732085943222046,
-0.008936957456171513,
0.03622812032699585,
0.0030304419342428446,
0.4343721866607666,
-0.267662912607193,
0.5632860660552979,
0.2878350615501404,
-0.39896658062934875,
0.05810268223285675,
0.37779882550239563,
-0.6359525918960571,
0.18790924549102783,
0.35889291763305664,
-0.3425629734992981,
0.8855229020118713,
0.4834766089916229,
0.07055778801441193,
-0.025777997449040413,
0.7501841187477112,
-0.6975471377372742,
-0.40523916482925415,
0.06215192750096321,
0.14064423739910126,
0.19446277618408203,
-0.30245068669319153,
-0.5463626384735107,
0.9545624852180481,
-0.4286547899246216,
-0.24517180025577545,
0.046264998614788055,
-0.6982338428497314,
-0.20271927118301392,
0.1510307341814041,
0.5153123736381531,
0.4282381534576416,
-0.541561484336853,
0.3436048626899719,
-0.8331485390663147,
-0.1277725249528885,
0.08202653378248215,
0.24481680989265442,
-0.22848893702030182,
0.3104185163974762,
0.11039707064628601,
-0.053530097007751465,
0.21506240963935852,
0.11755824834108353,
-0.0825193002820015,
0.5312812328338623,
0.023838160559535027,
-0.307977557182312,
-0.8263529539108276,
-0.216974139213562,
-0.22538423538208008,
0.6048611998558044,
0.8933109641075134,
-0.16729465126991272,
0.21690870821475983,
0.037249643355607986,
0.7510600686073303,
-0.42149561643600464,
0.17162199318408966,
0.5800515413284302,
0.030711863189935684,
0.8001316785812378,
0.4592570960521698,
-0.27917322516441345,
0.04472396895289421,
0.09860808402299881,
-0.19748181104660034,
0.7459542155265808,
-0.0370929054915905,
-0.4396391212940216,
-0.23533564805984497,
-0.3972417116165161,
-0.22753269970417023,
-0.0529906265437603,
-0.010518738068640232,
-0.6860932111740112,
-0.4974516034126282,
0.591549277305603,
-0.7213363647460938,
0.1692722588777542,
0.1265432983636856,
-0.24848732352256775,
0.06804855912923813,
0.15873007476329803,
-0.37816178798675537,
-0.2022922784090042,
0.127101868391037,
0.7199513912200928,
0.34126386046409607,
-0.03582248464226723,
-0.001631663995794952,
-0.23480860888957977,
-0.5190035700798035,
-0.075889453291893,
-0.34600576758384705,
0.23283782601356506,
-0.10166484862565994,
0.15309299528598785,
-0.5074682235717773,
-0.05836477130651474,
0.1358039528131485,
0.577690064907074,
-0.3065797984600067,
0.4841448962688446,
-0.09133008122444153,
1.1536465883255005,
0.542660117149353,
0.07229511439800262,
-0.2635969817638397,
0.15898996591567993,
-0.34339389204978943,
0.5915948748588562,
0.01689266785979271,
0.6867645382881165,
0.22894486784934998,
0.04592633619904518,
-0.042909808456897736,
0.5874231457710266,
-0.5872489809989929,
0.6291829347610474,
-0.12058275192975998,
0.3191411793231964,
-0.4460223317146301,
0.5477669835090637,
-0.1353909969329834,
0.19616059958934784,
0.5506030321121216,
1.1196399927139282,
0.2840823829174042,
-0.3776640295982361,
-0.6050305366516113,
-0.2088785320520401,
0.5026360154151917,
0.2098793238401413,
-0.10199587047100067,
-0.1936366856098175,
-0.3070797324180603,
-0.3995051980018616,
-0.48360535502433777,
0.3066142201423645,
0.8648974895477295,
-0.26409226655960083,
0.22888869047164917,
-0.6058181524276733,
0.12150949239730835,
-0.2470618635416031,
-0.10266553610563278,
-0.2297433316707611,
0.6730740070343018,
0.6136749982833862
]
|
128380 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%20Hilda%27s%20College%2C%20Oxford | St Hilda's College, Oxford | St Hilda's College is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England. The college is named after the Anglo-Saxon Saint, Hilda of Whitby and was founded in 1893 as a hall for women; remaining a women's college until 2008. St Hilda's was the last single-sex college in the university as Somerville College had admitted men in 1994. The college now has almost equal numbers of men and women at both undergraduate and postgraduate level.
The principal of the college is Professor Sarah Springman, who took office in 2022.
As of 2018, the college had an endowment of Β£52.1 million and total assets of Β£113.4 million.
History
St Hilda's was founded by Dorothea Beale (who was also a headmistress at Cheltenham Ladies' College) in 1893, as St Hilda's Hall and recognised by the Association for the Education of Women as a women's hall in 1896. It was founded as a women's college, a status it retained until 2008. Whilst other Oxford colleges gradually became co-educational, no serious debate at St Hilda's occurred until 1997, according to a former vice-principal, and then the debate solely applied to the issue of staff appointments. After a vote on 7 June 2006 by the Governing Body, men and women can be admitted as fellows and students. This vote was pushed through with a narrow margin and followed previous unsuccessful votes. This led to protests from students because of the "high-handed" manner in which they were held.
In October 2007 a supplemental charter was granted and in 2008 male students were admitted to St Hilda's for the first time. The college now has almost equal numbers of men and women at both undergraduate and postgraduate level. In August 2018, the interim Norrington Table showed that 98 per cent of St Hilda's finalist undergraduates obtained at least a 2.i in their degree.
Women's rowing
St Hilda's was the first
women's college in Oxford and Cambridge to create a women's VIII in 1911. It was St Hilda's student H.G. Wanklyn who formed OUWBC and coxed in the inaugural Women's Boat Race of 1927, with five Hilda's rowers.
In 1969, the St Hilda's Eight made Oxford history when they became the first ever female crew to row in the Summer Eights. They placed 12th.
Documentary
St Hilda's students were the subject of the Channel 4 documentary series College Girls, broadcast in 2002.
Buildings and grounds
The college is located at the eastern end of the High Street, Oxford, over Magdalen Bridge, in Cowley Place, making it the only University of Oxford college lying east of the River Cherwell. It is the most conveniently situated Oxford college for the Iffley Road Sports Complex, a focus for Oxford University Sport.
Buildings
Its grounds include six major buildings, which contain student accommodation, teaching areas, dining hall, the library and administration blocks. The first building occupied by the hall was Cowley House built by Humphrey Sibthorp. Together with later extensions it is now known as Hall. In 1921 the hall acquired the lease of Cherwell Hall, now known as South, which was originally Cowley Grange, a house built by A. G. Vernon Harcourt. The lease of Milham Ford, a former school between Hall and South, was acquired in 1958. More recent additions are Wolfson (opened in 1964), Garden (by Alison and Peter Smithson, opened in 1971), and the Christina Barratt Building (opened in 2001). In Autumn 2020, a new Boundary Building replaced some of the older buildings, while Milham Ford, which was demolished in 2018, was replaced by a new riverside "Pavilion". The college also owns a number of properties on Iffley Road, and in the Cowley area.
The Jacqueline Du PrΓ© Music Building
The Jacqueline Du PrΓ© Music Building (JdP) is a concert venue named after the famous cellist who was an honorary fellow of the college. The JdP was the first purpose-built concert hall to be built in Oxford since the Holywell Music Room in 1742. Built in 1995 by van Heyningen and Haward Architects, it houses the Steinway-equipped Edward Boyle Auditorium and a number of music practice rooms. In 2000 the architects designed a new, enlarged foyer space; a lean-to glass structure along the front elevation to the existing music building. In addition to frequent recitals presented by the St Hilda's Music Society, the JdP also hosts concerts by a number of world-renowned performers. Musicians who have performed in the JdP in recent years include Steven Isserlis, the Jerusalem Quartet, the Chilingirian Quartet and the Belcea Quartet. The building has also been used for amateur dramatic performances, since 2008 St Hilda's College Drama Society have been producing several plays a year in the Edward Boyle Auditorium.
Grounds
The college grounds stretch along the banks of the River Cherwell, with many college rooms overlooking the river and playing fields beyond. The college has its own fleet of punts, which students of the college may use free of charge in summer months. Unfortunately, this location at times led to problems with flooding in the former Milham Ford building.
People associated with the college
Principals
Former students
Gaynor Arnold, novelist
Elizabeth Aston, author
Maudy Ayunda, Indonesian singer-songwriter and actress
Zeinab Badawi, BBC journalist
Kate Barker, economist
Sarah Baxter, journalist
Zanny Minton Beddoes, editor of The Economist
Princess Haya Bint Al Hussein, royalty
Susan Blackmore, parapsychologist, writer and broadcaster
D. K. Broster, historical novelist
Mikita Brottman, author, psychoanalyst
Marilyn Butler, Lady Butler, academic
Fiona Caldicott, psychiatrist, academic, chair of the Caldicott Report Committee
Susanna Clarke, author
Wendy Cope, poet
Serena Cowdy, journalist
Lettice Curtis, aviator
Miriam Defensor Santiago, Philippine senator, Ramon Magsaysay Awardee
Violet Mary Doudney, militant suffragette
Barbara Everett, academic
Susan Garden, Baroness Garden of Frognal, politician
Helen Gardner, critic
Margaret Gelling, toponymist
Adele Geras, writer
Roma Gill, academic and literary scholar
Christina Gough, cricketer and statistician
Karina Gould, Canadian minister
Susan Greenfield, Baroness Greenfield, academic
Susan Gritton, soprano
Catherine Heath, novelist
Rosalind Hill, historian
Meg Hillier, politician
Victoria Hislop, writer
Bettany Hughes, historian
Ruth Hunt, CEO of Stonewall
Helen Jackson, politician
Jenny Joseph, poet
Susan Kramer, Baroness Kramer, British Liberal Democrat politician
Angela Lambert, author and journalist
Hermione Lee, critic and biographer
Nicola LeFanu, composer
Elizabeth Levett, historian
Sue Lloyd-Roberts, Special Correspondent for the BBC (formerly at ITN)
Margaret MacMillan, historian and Warden of St Antony's College
Anita Mason, novelist
Val McDermid, novelist
Rosalind Miles, writer
Kate Millett, feminist author
Anne Mills FRS, health economist
Brenda Moon, librarian
Laura Mulvey, feminist film theorist
Elizabeth Neville, police officer
Katherine Parkinson, actress
Barbara Pym, novelist
Pooky Quesnel, actor and screenwriter
Betty Radice, translator and editor
Celine Rattray, film producer
Gillian Rose, philosopher
Jacqueline Rose, academic and writer
Sheila Rowbotham
Gillian Shephard, Baroness Shephard of Northwold, politician
Helen Simpson, short story writer
Ann Thwaite, biographer
Tsuda Umeko, educator
Cecil Woodham-Smith, historian
Hou Yifan, chess grandmaster
Fellows
Mary Bennett
William Boyd, author
Gordon Duff
Helen Gardner
Elspeth Kennedy
Barbara Levick
Beryl Smalley
Helen Waddell
Kathy Wilkes
Honorary fellows
Jacqueline Du PrΓ©
Doris Odlum
Rosalyn Tureck
Gallery
References
External links
St Hilda's College (official website)
Junior Common Room (undergraduates)
Middle Common Room (graduates)
St Hilda's College Ball
Colleges of the University of Oxford
Educational institutions established in 1893
Former women's universities and colleges in the United Kingdom
Buildings and structures of the University of Oxford
1893 establishments in England | [
-0.2817815840244293,
0.6462897658348083,
0.2832288146018982,
-0.7069104909896851,
-0.621289074420929,
0.9477201104164124,
0.6312917470932007,
0.8035677671432495,
-0.5155497193336487,
-0.40488648414611816,
-0.3977205455303192,
-0.09178677946329117,
0.47672826051712036,
-0.04149944707751274,
0.00953736063092947,
-0.12530773878097534,
0.2392355501651764,
0.6683876514434814,
-0.012571682222187519,
-0.8837387561798096,
-0.023903291672468185,
0.06730172038078308,
-0.5523519515991211,
0.6856754422187805,
0.38909855484962463,
0.253345251083374,
0.49722039699554443,
-0.1614801585674286,
-0.05370045453310013,
-0.2905333936214447,
0.8268508315086365,
0.402303546667099,
0.24309727549552917,
-0.4585259258747101,
0.08860285580158234,
-0.5795242786407471,
0.5194910764694214,
-0.4133046269416809,
-0.06000135466456413,
-0.15088088810443878,
-0.33700141310691833,
-0.1600458025932312,
0.3140542209148407,
0.6228674054145813,
-0.23116230964660645,
-0.60153728723526,
-1.1550989151000977,
0.542496919631958,
-0.7967509627342224,
0.31182894110679626,
-0.07808846235275269,
0.04212009906768799,
0.698489248752594,
-0.018442850559949875,
0.27352482080459595,
0.5053656697273254,
-0.7570653557777405,
0.3588325083255768,
0.3666282296180725,
-0.15795814990997314,
0.15375246107578278,
0.6099783778190613,
-0.09556963294744492,
0.519102156162262,
-0.18734566867351532,
-0.1921522468328476,
0.18020139634609222,
0.1688901036977768,
-0.9799610376358032,
-0.4492327868938446,
-0.1522911936044693,
-0.6059500575065613,
-0.036574192345142365,
0.6005865931510925,
-0.7678468823432922,
-0.8413780927658081,
-0.5469693541526794,
0.21812096238136292,
0.7256753444671631,
0.015845203772187233,
0.4714113473892212,
0.17164702713489532,
0.06348089128732681,
0.36163628101348877,
1.146199107170105,
0.6209781765937805,
-1.108852505683899,
-0.052740901708602905,
-0.535478413105011,
1.2887881994247437,
-0.2734166085720062,
-0.014132985845208168,
-0.03129640594124794,
0.20068466663360596,
0.42520543932914734,
-0.11287359148263931,
-0.019619734957814217,
0.05877090245485306,
0.4280034005641937,
-0.4279833734035492,
-0.5398104786872864,
0.3836649954319,
0.5467787384986877,
-0.36116379499435425,
-0.8125969767570496,
-0.19311515986919403,
-1.1108145713806152,
-0.6467562317848206,
-0.06309574842453003,
-0.10233984142541885,
-0.7765455842018127,
0.052603885531425476,
-0.4649851620197296,
0.02568886987864971,
-0.10546786338090897,
0.047908343374729156,
0.2405855804681778,
-0.3361492156982422,
-0.8191007375717163,
-0.1630633920431137,
-0.3355512022972107,
0.8727743625640869,
0.2051548808813095,
0.24952860176563263,
-0.1888490468263626,
0.739319920539856,
0.3687371611595154,
0.2939228117465973,
-0.31276682019233704,
0.23941360414028168,
0.1630851775407791,
0.7242556810379028,
0.12871399521827698,
-0.2410014420747757,
-0.05231901630759239,
-0.22183620929718018,
-0.13695785403251648,
-0.035188332200050354,
0.6263304948806763,
0.35717645287513733,
-1.031895399093628,
-0.2853904068470001,
-0.24577949941158295,
0.027037112042307854,
0.8595756888389587,
-0.10786329209804535,
-0.5204254388809204,
-0.08202559500932693,
-0.20207859575748444,
-0.32987385988235474,
0.31299614906311035,
0.21137650310993195,
-0.47711431980133057,
-0.1298854649066925,
-0.24187974631786346,
0.6276941895484924,
0.5629622936248779,
0.22400081157684326,
-0.05448368564248085,
0.6245909333229065,
-0.32736268639564514,
-0.02634197473526001,
0.38745057582855225,
-0.11582235246896744,
-0.09292357414960861,
-0.1622009128332138,
0.528009295463562,
-0.013322810642421246,
-0.11818231642246246,
0.12243921309709549,
-1.300208568572998,
-0.15130236744880676,
0.8234862685203552,
-0.5006465911865234,
0.07867367565631866,
-0.10444383323192596,
0.8263000845909119,
0.07240081578493118,
0.13222742080688477,
-0.16883958876132965,
-0.6737607717514038,
0.3050561249256134,
0.3035619854927063,
0.13898217678070068,
-0.19450989365577698,
0.18485257029533386,
-0.3814846873283386,
-0.13077014684677124,
-0.2972560226917267,
0.31587105989456177,
-0.8614031076431274,
-0.4170835018157959,
-0.05118449032306671,
-0.01446569338440895,
1.3649920225143433,
0.02056058868765831,
-0.2817256450653076,
0.32669904828071594,
-0.1833260953426361,
0.5966451168060303,
-0.12588368356227875,
0.11919772624969482,
-0.33681201934814453,
-0.7616409063339233,
-0.720637857913971,
0.22241875529289246,
0.380793035030365,
0.17049898207187653,
0.13367120921611786,
0.6445323824882507,
-0.08127082884311676,
-0.40184441208839417,
0.186496302485466,
0.5344900488853455,
-0.030569352209568024,
-0.2177363485097885,
-0.44071853160858154,
-0.1899833083152771,
0.2673436403274536,
-0.8646582365036011,
0.925307035446167,
0.13356377184391022,
0.5167091488838196,
0.014564190059900284,
-0.2740496098995209,
-0.014876648783683777,
0.012249463237822056,
0.7590683102607727,
0.38741999864578247,
-0.11915560811758041,
0.8609229922294617,
0.5088191032409668,
0.000036467292375164106,
-0.07185036689043045,
0.010595853440463543,
-0.5805792808532715,
-0.49832814931869507,
-0.5364916920661926,
0.7236425876617432,
-0.30561724305152893,
-0.027862709015607834,
-0.15131424367427826,
-0.7970589995384216,
0.4917525351047516,
-0.05832819268107414,
0.019543759524822235,
0.25396981835365295,
-0.10988162457942963,
-0.346925288438797,
-0.10815634578466415,
0.5866301655769348,
-0.1771097034215927,
0.1877036690711975,
0.097447969019413,
0.13470980525016785,
-0.13949090242385864,
-0.09650234878063202,
0.5578117966651917,
0.42801743745803833,
0.16673387587070465,
-0.0474529042840004,
-0.06784308701753616,
0.6312229633331299,
0.59541255235672,
-0.21112796664237976,
-0.7831650376319885,
-0.21306410431861877,
-0.8329660296440125,
-0.00835963524878025,
-0.22747930884361267,
0.2887597680091858,
-0.310977578163147,
-0.24466341733932495,
-0.07023248076438904,
-0.47194573283195496,
0.0008618127903901041,
-0.084311842918396,
0.3298332095146179,
-0.9157509803771973,
-0.09119654446840286,
0.00940039660781622,
0.700802206993103,
-0.5425277948379517,
-0.7011946439743042,
-0.5627331137657166,
0.5020818710327148,
0.25984856486320496,
-0.49814772605895996,
-0.22591416537761688,
-0.0476614348590374,
-0.25596362352371216,
0.6645593643188477,
-0.12748253345489502,
0.1193263828754425,
0.37445706129074097,
0.31850406527519226,
0.6672089099884033,
-0.20285047590732574,
0.05380813032388687,
-0.2709936499595642,
0.09410660713911057,
1.1562618017196655,
0.18871034681797028,
0.5788097381591797,
0.16112814843654633,
-0.0770348310470581,
-0.30465632677078247,
0.33700892329216003,
-5.289044380187988,
0.13748839497566223,
-0.1529250144958496,
0.269775390625,
1.1349388360977173,
-0.6215328574180603,
0.257408082485199,
-0.4818492531776428,
-0.1456356793642044,
-0.5785596370697021,
-0.14035193622112274,
0.12028978019952774,
-0.281278520822525,
0.5269841551780701,
0.5291858315467834,
0.5814600586891174,
0.6577423214912415,
0.04273153841495514,
0.09951455891132355,
0.5248149633407593,
-0.4976312518119812,
0.159542515873909,
0.2066512256860733,
0.457798033952713,
-0.22992630302906036,
0.6437634825706482,
0.12081820517778397,
0.19843000173568726,
-0.5712063312530518,
-0.24802902340888977,
0.6556130647659302,
-0.22144795954227448,
0.18118685483932495,
-0.407760888338089,
-0.6780063509941101,
0.36097246408462524,
0.6589673161506653,
0.4516323506832123,
0.07087686657905579,
-0.1868187040090561,
0.6419870257377625,
0.2845190167427063,
0.2291627675294876,
-0.14011242985725403,
0.6170912384986877,
-0.9043805003166199,
-0.499767541885376,
0.4075954556465149,
-0.34186026453971863,
0.6806125044822693,
-0.31498828530311584,
0.1435556709766388,
0.3724610209465027,
0.22319157421588898,
-0.21080012619495392,
-0.4458591639995575,
0.3056984543800354,
0.15266083180904388,
-0.0996195524930954,
-0.3752132058143616,
-0.019589122384786606,
-0.5323004722595215,
0.057148952037096024,
-0.5943820476531982,
-0.6431070566177368,
-0.024191999807953835,
-0.19752559065818787,
0.620220959186554,
-0.045456334948539734,
-0.06265046447515488,
-0.2686159908771515,
0.4182301461696625,
-0.23588642477989197,
-0.8789703249931335,
-0.3992425799369812,
-0.9282658696174622,
-0.06348881870508194,
-0.26711374521255493,
0.2930960953235626,
-0.01660350151360035,
0.1772843897342682,
-0.2767919600009918,
-0.0814414694905281,
0.46652013063430786,
0.10986141115427017,
-0.7815828919410706,
-0.23190821707248688,
0.2533557713031769,
-0.369186133146286,
-0.4489458501338959,
0.0961393266916275,
-0.5205093622207642,
-0.221797376871109,
1.2069035768508911,
0.7666917443275452,
0.10067111998796463,
0.00736248167231679,
0.04115385189652443,
0.06264493614435196,
-0.05367954075336456,
0.5297134518623352,
-0.34580838680267334,
0.10447462648153305,
0.5187569260597229,
-0.5207334160804749,
-0.45566844940185547,
0.09346523135900497,
0.3535323739051819,
0.5575138926506042,
-0.5246150493621826,
0.42969489097595215,
-0.35440894961357117,
-0.6820992231369019,
-0.24231454730033875,
0.008946490474045277,
0.16735509037971497,
-0.25696825981140137,
-0.029112787917256355,
-0.10029613971710205,
0.5844776034355164,
0.2804751992225647,
-0.10162486881017685,
-0.15993745625019073,
-0.1285340040922165,
0.12319830060005188,
-0.04817366600036621,
0.6022292375564575,
-0.17908726632595062,
-0.5887427926063538,
-0.4805617928504944,
0.16575533151626587,
-0.3660235106945038,
-0.0068365102633833885,
0.4749940037727356,
-0.1168869212269783,
-0.27915477752685547,
-0.3115694224834442,
0.22467747330665588,
0.07661610841751099,
0.4333025813102722,
0.09838245064020157,
0.01931029185652733,
-0.517429530620575,
0.06066462770104408,
0.6470389366149902,
0.8979505300521851,
-0.32550039887428284,
0.14692293107509613,
-0.6172409653663635,
0.5344389081001282,
-0.6223286390304565,
-0.45099207758903503,
0.15354277193546295,
-0.3779762387275696,
0.11430847644805908,
0.1414778232574463,
-0.10212293267250061,
0.9655963778495789,
-0.34175047278404236,
-0.1717241257429123,
-0.5031039118766785,
-0.40411069989204407,
-0.5199441909790039,
-0.5536532402038574,
0.2118799090385437,
0.18334299325942993,
0.2767699360847473,
-0.45402833819389343,
-0.9263886213302612,
0.3448929786682129,
0.1735898107290268,
0.05957962945103645,
-0.6427723169326782,
-0.2728722095489502,
0.20982380211353302,
0.09613543748855591,
-0.18859660625457764,
0.04904859513044357,
-0.04325251281261444,
-0.009715934284031391,
0.2877236008644104,
-0.5425889492034912,
0.37695783376693726,
0.313446968793869,
0.7459444403648376,
-0.5122874975204468,
-0.645308256149292,
-0.5277747511863708,
0.38581010699272156,
-0.4147108197212219,
-0.21338926255702972,
-0.18795497715473175,
0.28664717078208923,
0.3060876727104187,
-0.372224360704422,
-0.6107333302497864,
0.009754051454365253,
-0.49746090173721313,
-0.26705440878868103,
-0.2898104190826416,
-0.06718561798334122,
0.7593953609466553,
-0.8865206837654114,
0.945441722869873,
0.1267114132642746,
-0.605945885181427,
0.4272763431072235,
0.27718278765678406,
-0.17404690384864807,
0.5086450576782227,
-0.0727401003241539,
-0.79708331823349,
0.3957931697368622,
0.8015521764755249,
-0.878390371799469,
-0.5203919410705566,
-0.4103633463382721,
-0.32029977440834045,
-0.03997218981385231,
-0.061253298074007034,
-0.7054694890975952,
-0.47722339630126953,
-0.1559286117553711,
0.05955762416124344,
-0.5096395611763,
0.6230010986328125,
0.2017022669315338,
-0.8661306500434875,
0.3248598277568817,
-0.6166744828224182,
0.3303767442703247,
0.2226821929216385,
-0.17880617082118988,
0.10863887518644333,
0.8620904684066772,
-0.28863397240638733,
0.22389312088489532,
0.19683122634887695,
-0.37550753355026245,
0.3603924512863159,
0.3312740921974182,
1.0668505430221558,
-0.3598267138004303,
-0.7935400009155273,
-0.23773221671581268,
0.14342449605464935,
-0.06681697070598602,
0.10082297027111053,
-0.7322145700454712,
-0.15141627192497253,
0.2982999384403229,
-0.5641437768936157,
-0.11200124770402908,
-0.5185601711273193,
-0.3663440942764282,
-0.9649472832679749,
-0.07797478884458542,
0.04062627628445625,
-0.28317251801490784,
-0.16316618025302887,
0.2951207160949707,
0.3306257724761963,
-0.4026951789855957,
0.1741209328174591,
0.14632612466812134,
0.2210155874490738,
-0.2105036824941635,
-0.5588068962097168,
0.32860538363456726,
-0.3669908344745636,
0.1429143249988556,
-0.7435608506202698,
-0.09933439642190933,
-0.09574589133262634,
0.043148163706064224,
0.07124441117048264,
-0.30489808320999146,
-0.7230128645896912,
1.034543514251709,
-0.21441388130187988,
-0.33923009037971497,
0.1760733276605606,
0.04338217154145241,
-0.28787708282470703,
0.5883503556251526,
-0.8632408380508423,
-0.191960871219635,
0.3973219394683838,
-0.3461734354496002,
0.4773437976837158,
-0.23019663989543915,
-0.26575106382369995,
-0.09639246761798859,
0.21690747141838074,
0.1990380585193634,
0.17197605967521667,
0.5087741017341614,
-0.05556948855519295,
0.6223149299621582,
-0.14236097037792206,
-0.7776824235916138,
0.9367126822471619,
0.3438768982887268,
-0.17734509706497192,
0.3200613260269165,
-0.24029794335365295,
-0.44108158349990845,
-0.11515244096517563,
0.003327586455270648,
0.02831832692027092,
0.04519525170326233,
-0.33018043637275696,
0.9151921272277832,
0.6993752121925354,
-0.5125327706336975,
0.22457660734653473,
-0.10090327262878418,
-0.739679217338562,
0.3373739719390869,
0.354699045419693,
-0.5916153788566589,
0.4558349549770355,
0.5337228775024414,
0.7879998087882996,
-0.3675997853279114,
0.6563664674758911,
-0.6559046506881714,
-0.2259468138217926,
0.1213744506239891,
0.2863728404045105,
0.09191645681858063,
-0.1609775424003601,
-0.4405963718891144,
0.8174477815628052,
-0.4602353572845459,
-0.2608412504196167,
0.1897093951702118,
-1.0913910865783691,
-0.11449915170669556,
0.20033401250839233,
0.5221521258354187,
0.4065817892551422,
-0.34406647086143494,
0.27278366684913635,
-0.5863569974899292,
-0.19690917432308197,
-0.19577765464782715,
0.49736666679382324,
-0.2446548193693161,
-0.012870700098574162,
-0.0016408138908445835,
0.15828749537467957,
0.23089085519313812,
-0.13641008734703064,
-0.04674329608678818,
0.5949978828430176,
0.569856584072113,
-0.5490123629570007,
-0.7022894620895386,
-0.02893204428255558,
-0.3112037777900696,
-0.006441572681069374,
0.1663278490304947,
0.13172361254692078,
-0.04833320155739784,
-0.23625154793262482,
0.7061656713485718,
-0.2604341208934784,
0.2551514506340027,
0.7406057715415955,
-0.01246113982051611,
0.2598504424095154,
0.28334346413612366,
-0.4391268193721771,
0.09008962661027908,
0.46152159571647644,
-0.2602919340133667,
0.5977200269699097,
0.10752113908529282,
-0.13608157634735107,
-0.40848487615585327,
-0.5531423091888428,
0.09098221361637115,
-0.040129221975803375,
-0.1840440034866333,
-0.7476435899734497,
-0.6529216766357422,
0.7255899310112,
-0.27583572268486023,
0.29208478331565857,
0.27060434222221375,
-0.2061038315296173,
0.09853162616491318,
0.2290172278881073,
-0.6129205226898193,
-0.0023720881436020136,
0.23170404136180878,
0.46781080961227417,
0.7125686407089233,
0.11108608543872833,
-0.3704948425292969,
0.10702408105134964,
-0.33690136671066284,
-0.045846521854400635,
-0.38131967186927795,
0.3452405631542206,
-0.005430045071989298,
0.2957179546356201,
-0.39077627658843994,
-0.04453929886221886,
0.016325702890753746,
0.44857102632522583,
-0.17484115064144135,
0.12386630475521088,
-0.2321835160255432,
0.871158242225647,
0.6229000091552734,
0.14013488590717316,
-0.04544023424386978,
0.27205348014831543,
-0.4515995681285858,
0.2026492953300476,
-0.1407228261232376,
0.6757223010063171,
0.25100550055503845,
0.2195301353931427,
-0.49320533871650696,
0.34022217988967896,
-0.5231212377548218,
0.5452727675437927,
-0.29787516593933105,
0.738486647605896,
-0.9266601800918579,
0.28739291429519653,
-0.17595162987709045,
0.44148409366607666,
0.07533911615610123,
0.8733422756195068,
0.3674790859222412,
-0.5313342213630676,
-0.4469975233078003,
-0.23230238258838654,
0.15373826026916504,
0.3598836660385132,
-0.06730838119983673,
0.3643404245376587,
0.04362840577960014,
-0.05527288094162941,
-0.33427682518959045,
0.7059355974197388,
0.6613691449165344,
-0.6337718367576599,
0.3888399600982666,
-0.6333216428756714,
-0.35067757964134216,
-0.6101114749908447,
0.14202117919921875,
-0.45342743396759033,
0.6431727409362793,
0.9255156517028809
]
|
128381 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%20Hugh%27s%20College%2C%20Oxford | St Hugh's College, Oxford | St Hugh's College is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford. It is located on a site on St Margaret's Road, to the north of the city centre. It was founded in 1886 by Elizabeth Wordsworth as a women's college, and accepted its first male students in its centenary year in 1986.
It enjoys a reputation as one of the most attractive colleges because of its extensive gardens. In its 125th anniversary year, the college became a registered charity under the name "The Principal and Fellows of St Hugh's College in the University of Oxford". As of July 2018, the college's financial endowment was Β£37.6 million.
History
Founding and early years
St Hugh's was founded in 1886 by Elizabeth Wordsworth (great-niece of the poet William Wordsworth) as a women's college, to help the growing number of women "who find the charges of the present Halls at Oxford and Cambridge (even the most moderate) beyond their means". Using money left to her by her father, who had been Bishop of Lincoln, Wordsworth established the new college at 25 Norham Road in North Oxford. She named the college after one of her father's 13th-century predecessors, Hugh of Avalon, who was canonised in 1220, and in whose diocese Oxford had been.
The college was initially accommodated in properties in Norham Road, Norham Gardens and Fyfield Road. The first principal being Charlotte Anne Moberly, its first students were Jessie Annie Emmerson, Charlotte Jourdain, Constance E. Ashburner, Wilhelmina J. de Lorna Mitchell and Grace J. Parsons. Students were required to ask the principal before accepting invitations to visit friends, and the college gates were locked at 9pm. Records show that rent was between Β£18 and Β£21 a term, depending on the size of the room, with fires being charged extra. At first tuition and lectures were arranged by the Association for the Education of Women, the first college tutor being Dora Wylie, appointed around 1898.
The college began to move to its present site in 1913, when it purchased the lease of a house called "The Mount" from the Rev Robert Hartley for Β£2,500. This house stood on the corner of St Margaret's Road and Banbury Road, and the freehold was owned by University College. The house was later demolished to make way for the Main Building of the college, which was constructed between 1914 and 1916 thanks to a gift from Clara Evelyn Mordan; the college's new library was named Mordan Hall in her honour. The first book was a copy of Sale's translation of the Koran, which was given to the college by the then Bishop of Tokyo.
The college soon took over other properties nearby. The leasehold of 4 St Margaret's Road was acquired in 1919; it became the first "College house". The leasehold of 82 Woodstock Road was donated to the college by Joan Evans in 1924, and 89 Banbury Road was purchased from Lincoln College for Β£7,000 in 1927. The college obtained the freehold to the main site in 1927, and a year later the first stage of the Mary Gray Allen building was constructed on what had been the tennis courts. The freeholds of 1β4 St Margaret's Road and 74β82 Woodstock Road were purchased from St John's College in 1931 and 1932 respectively. The college received a Royal Charter in 1926.
Between 1935 and 1936, 1 St Margaret's Road was demolished, and a new library was built in the Mary Gray Allen building; it was named the Moberly Library after the first principal of the college (the library was extensively renovated between 1999 and 2000 and renamed the Howard Piper Library after a St Hugh's alumnus, after his parents made a large donation to the college).
Second World War
At the outbreak of the Second World War the college site was requisitioned by the military for use as the Hospital for Head Injuries under the directorship of Hugh Cairns, the first Nuffield Professor of Surgery. Brick huts were constructed in the college grounds with space for 300 beds. Between 1940 and 1945, over 13,000 servicemen and women were treated at the college. Advances in medicine discovered at the hospital meant the mortality rate for brain-penetrating injuries fell from 90% to 9%. Staff and students were relocated to Holywell Manor, Savile House and St Hilda's College for the duration of the war.
In 1943 the college acquired the leasehold of 72 Woodstock Road (known as The Shrubbery) from Dame Gertrude Whitehead for £1,500. It was used as a club for American soldiers during the war. In 1946, it was leased to the University of Paris as the Maison française d'Oxford, an Anglo-French educational establishment. One of the cottages in the grounds of number 72 was later leased by Barbara Gwyer after her retirement as principal.
1945 onwards
The college buildings were de-requisitioned in 1945. The hospital huts were initially leased as offices to university departments, including the Bureau of Animal Population, the Department of Zoological Field Studies and the Institute of Statistics, before being demolished in 1952. Agnes Headlam-Morley, a fellow of St Hugh's, became the first woman to hold a chair at the University of Oxford in 1948.
In 1951 the college purchased the freeholds to 85 and 87 Banbury Road and 9 to 13 Canterbury Road from St John's College. In addition, the freehold of The Shrubbery was acquired; this meant the college now owned the freehold of the entire -acre site. The college extended the Main Building in 1958.
The 1960s saw an extensive programme of building work at St Hugh's. The Shrubbery was converted into the principal's lodgings in 1963. Between 1964 and 1965 the Kenyon Building was constructed to provide accommodation for students (designed by modern architect David Roberts, the building has already been given a heritage listing). This was followed shortly after by the Wolfson Building, which was constructed between 1966 and 1967 and opened by Princess Alexandra and Harold Macmillan in his role as chancellor of the university.
The chapel was renovated in 1980; a new organ was installed. The following year, 78, 80 and 82 Woodstock Road were also renovated. The houses are now named SH Ho House, Ho Tim House and KK Leung House in recognition of the gifts from the three Hong Kong benefactors that funded the renovations.
Arrival of co-education
In 1964, New College made a proposal for the admission of women to the men's colleges, and by the early 1970s several Oxford colleges had become mixed to a limited degree in this way. In 1979, two women's colleges, Lady Margaret Hall and St Anne's, reciprocated by admitting men as undergraduates, while St Hugh's, which was already employing male college lecturers, decided to admit men as Fellows. Resistance to full co-education was led by those who predicted that it would have severely negative effects on women academics and who saw other advantages in womenβs colleges. Admitting men as undergraduates was first proposed to the governing body in 1980, and there was a majority for it, but it did not secure the required two-thirds majority. The college principal, Rachel Trickett, fought off full co-education at St Hugh's for some years, even taking her case to the national newspapers, and it was not finally agreed until 1986. When Trickett retired in 1991, she was succeeded by the first male Principal, Derek Wood.
A new boathouse was constructed for the St Hugh's Boat Club (jointly with St Anne's and Wadham Colleges) between 1989 and 1990. This was followed by the construction of the Rachel Trickett Building between 1991 and 1992 at a cost of Β£3.4 million.
Present day
Between 1998 and 2000 the Maplethorpe Building was constructed; the building contains conference facilities on the ground floor and student accommodation on the upper three floors. The building missed its planned opening date of summer 2000, meaning students had to be accommodated in B&Bs throughout Michaelmas term. In addition, a new main entrance was constructed at the back of the college on Canterbury Road.
Between 1999 and 2000 the library was extensively renovated. It was reopened by Betty Boothroyd and was renamed after Howard Piper, a Maths student of the college who, shortly after graduating, died in a rafting accident. A major refurbishment of Mordan Hall, the old library, took place in 2007.
There are statues of both St Hugh and Elizabeth Wordsworth on the library stairs. These were presented to the college as gifts for its Jubilee in 1936. St Hugh carries a model of Lincoln Cathedral, which would have been very familiar to Elizabeth Wordsworth, and has his other hand resting on the head of a swan, probably the famous swan of Stow, although the swan is also a symbol of purity. Elizabeth Wordsworth is depicted wearing her doctoral robes.
St Hugh's College celebrated its 125th anniversary in 2011; a summer garden party was attended by over 1,200 guests. Aung San Suu Kyi sent a message to the college, saying "Happy moments are one of the pillars that keep the spirit uplifted during hard times. St Hughβs and Oxford are inextricable from my happiest memories, those that I could draw on when the beauty of the world seemed dim. I so wish I could be with you at this very moment to relive old joys and to stir up new ones for the future. I would like to thank all my friends for the happiness we shared. To the present students of St Hughβs I would simply like to say: Make the most of your time in this wonderful place."
In 2012 the college was sued for allegedly discriminating against the poor by requiring evidence of funds for living costs. St Hugh's, which filed defence papers to the court, accepted barring the student on financial grounds, but claimed the measure was necessary to ensure students can complete their studies. The college eventually settled the claim, with the university promising to conduct a review of the Financial Guarantee policy. In September 2013, it was revealed that the university had decided to abolish the Financial Guarantee policy and replace it with a less restrictive 'Financial Declaration'.
Recent development
In 2008, the college began a fundraising drive for a new building on the college site. In November 2010, it was confirmed that Hong Kong businessman Dickson Poon had made a Β£10 million donation to the college for the construction of the Dickson Poon China Centre. The centre houses the university's China Studies department, as well as providing accommodation for St Hugh's postgraduate students. The Dickson Poon building was opened by Prince William in September 2014.
Buildings and location
St Hugh's occupies a rectangular site in North Oxford. It is bordered by Banbury Road to the east, Woodstock Road to the west, St Margaret's Road to the north (the front entrance) and Canterbury Road to the south (the back gate). The gardens of the college cover about ten and a half acres.<ref>Alden's Oxford Guide'. Oxford: Alden & Co., 1958; p. 123</ref>
The main entrance of the college leads straight to the Main Building, which usually accommodates first year students, and also houses the chapel and the dining hall. Other first year students may be accommodated in the 1960s Kenyon Building, named for Dame Kathleen Kenyon. Second years live in either the Rachel Trickett Building, named after a past principal of the college, or the Mary Gray Allen Building. Wolfson Building consists of nine staircases. Finalists usually live in the newer Maplethorpe Building, whose rooms have en-suite facilities; clusters of eight rooms share a kitchen on each of the three floors, with four staircases altogether. All the rooms have views of gardens.
Finances
In its 125th anniversary year, the college became a registered charity under the name 'The Principal and Fellows of St Hugh's College in the University of Oxford'. As of July 2018, the college's financial endowment was Β£37.6 million. This was amongst the lowest of the Oxford colleges; by comparison, St John's college had a financial endowment of Β£551.5 million.
Student life
The college is big enough to accommodate all its undergraduates for the duration of their studies. There are three large lawns for the use of students all year round. The gardens are also the venue for croquet. There are a wide range of clubs and societies β sporting, academic, and those supporting niche interests, such as horticulture.
Like other more recently founded Oxford and Cambridge colleges, the college has Formal Hallβa formal three or four course dinner served with wineβonce a week. Grace is said by the presiding fellow, usually the principal, immediately prior to the meal: Benedic nobis, Domine Deus, et his donis, quae ex liberalitate Tua sumpturi sumus, per Jesum Christum Dominum nostrum. Amen. Junior Common Room
As is the practice at all Oxford Colleges that offer undergraduate degrees, the undergraduate body is represented by a committee, known as the JCR Committee. The committee is made up of 16 representatives and seeks to ensure that the undergraduates are provided for in academic, welfare and social matters.
Otherwise, 'JCR' refers to the physical common room in the college. The JCR was previously known as the Aung San Suu Kyi Junior Common Room, but in 2017 the student body voted to remove her name from the room's title.The Swan'' is a weekly student-managed newspaper. It was founded in 2010.
Middle Common Room
The college is also home to a Middle Common Room (MCR) Committee. The committee, elected every year, regularly hosts social events for the graduate students.
The MCR building is located on 87 Banbury Road.
Choir
St. Hugh's has a choir which sings weekly evensong on Sundays. The choir draws its members from all three common rooms, and has performed for a wide variety of different guests.
The present organ was constructed by the Italian organ-builder Tamburini in 1980. The college offers organ scholarships along with four choral exhibitions each year, and employs a professional organist to oversee the chapel music.
People associated with St Hugh's
Principals
Fellows
Notable alumni
St Hugh's students are present in all spheres of public life:
In politics, Theresa May, former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom; Nicky Morgan, former Secretary of State for Education; Rachel Maclean (politician), current Home Office Minister; Barbara Castle, former Secretary of State; Khairy Jamaluddin, Malaysian Government Minister; and Aung San Suu Kyi, the Nobel Peace Prize laureate and State Counsellor of Myanmar, studied at the college.
Current members of the U.K. House of Lords include James O'Shaughnessy, Baron O'Shaughnessy, Olivia Bloomfield, Baroness Bloomfield of Hinton Waldrist, and Jo Valentine, Baroness Valentine.
British diplomat Lindsay Croisdale-Appleby , ambassador to the European Union and former ambassador to Colombia, was educated at Eton College and St. Hugh's.
Emily Davison, the suffragette who famously died after being hit by the king's horse when she walked onto the track during the 1913 Epsom Derby race, enrolled at St Hugh's for one term to sit her finals.
Hon. Alexander Thomas Trenchard, founder of the Standon Calling music festival, was educated at Eton College and St. Hugh's; he is heir to Hugh Trenchard, 3rd Viscount Trenchard and a former Page of Honour to HM Queen Elizabeth (1990-93).
American Olympic rower Anders Weiss competed for Oxford University in the 2018 Boat Race.
Polar expedition leader Alex Hibbert read biological sciences at St Hugh's, graduating in 2007.
In the arts, the musician Joe Goddard (from electropop outfit Hot Chip) studied at St Hugh's. BBC arts broadcaster and writer Suzy Klein read music at St Hugh's. TV writer Richard Hurst wrote his first play at St Hugh's. BAFTA Award-winning actress and comedian Rebecca Front began her career at the college, touring with the Oxford Revue in 1984. Writer Mary Renault studied at St Hugh's too.
In science and academia, mathematical child prodigy Ruth Lawrence joined the college in 1983 aged 12. Dorothy Bishop, a psychologist specialising in developmental disorders, studied at St Hugh's. Other academics include sociologist and intelligence researcher Noah Carl; philosopher Gertrude Elizabeth Margaret Anscombe, linguist and revivalist Ghil'ad Zuckermann and mathematician Mary Cartwright. Another mathematician, Jillian Beardwood, known for her solution to the travelling salesman problem, graduated from St Hugh's with first-class honours in 1956.
In law, Court of Appeal judge Heather Hallett, Baroness Hallett is a St. Hugh's graduate. Other High Court Judges include Dame Jennifer Eady in London and the Honourable Madam Justice Maggie Poon in Hong Kong. Human rights barrister Amal Clooney graduated with a BA degree in jurisprudence (Oxford's equivalent to the LLB) from St Hugh's.
References
More readings
External links
Official website
Official JCR Website
Official MCR Website
Virtual Tour of St Hugh's College
Old Virtual Tour of St Hugh's College circa 2002
Gardening team's blog
Colleges of the University of Oxford
Educational institutions established in 1886
Former women's universities and colleges in the United Kingdom
Buildings and structures of the University of Oxford
1886 establishments in England | [
-0.2784121036529541,
0.8651217222213745,
0.18116489052772522,
-0.6501558423042297,
-0.3344194293022156,
0.857932448387146,
0.8153381943702698,
0.9332801699638367,
-0.6219740509986877,
-0.27135586738586426,
-0.503684937953949,
-0.01787193864583969,
0.14805209636688232,
-0.03836958855390549,
0.347809374332428,
0.06251213699579239,
0.515754759311676,
0.4164441227912903,
0.32385551929473877,
-1.3831084966659546,
0.08119381219148636,
-0.012382924556732178,
-0.6177119016647339,
0.3936115801334381,
0.4412401616573334,
0.05407724156975746,
0.5950137972831726,
-0.10577546060085297,
-0.1547379195690155,
-0.25181084871292114,
0.34041067957878113,
0.13883687555789948,
0.08809734880924225,
-0.4437296688556671,
-0.24300770461559296,
-0.5100732445716858,
0.321539044380188,
-0.6239250302314758,
0.05238131061196327,
-0.14101657271385193,
-0.010581273585557938,
-0.17363202571868896,
-0.16534481942653656,
0.2997239828109741,
-0.5520429015159607,
-0.6882451176643372,
-0.6599323153495789,
0.4959316849708557,
-0.8453778624534607,
0.33970335125923157,
0.18762129545211792,
0.48158887028694153,
0.3622051179409027,
-0.2987616956233978,
0.1455143541097641,
0.45774397253990173,
-0.9221736192703247,
0.4080265164375305,
0.7075188159942627,
-0.051328081637620926,
0.25721412897109985,
0.8881525993347168,
-0.32638102769851685,
0.9048288464546204,
-0.3979898691177368,
-0.0719900131225586,
0.1724836677312851,
0.31299588084220886,
-0.9024156332015991,
-0.11687901616096497,
-0.4243031442165375,
-0.41373318433761597,
0.18270577490329742,
0.7231910228729248,
-0.7052754163742065,
-0.5231686234474182,
-0.03404536843299866,
0.38372376561164856,
0.17598044872283936,
-0.18269222974777222,
0.545234739780426,
0.23279693722724915,
0.42471185326576233,
0.40186449885368347,
0.7806993126869202,
0.6767748594284058,
-1.1772981882095337,
-0.265335351228714,
-0.453751802444458,
0.5525293350219727,
-0.48120903968811035,
0.11898177862167358,
-0.2409132719039917,
0.1697128564119339,
0.2294868379831314,
-0.33435139060020447,
-0.45549407601356506,
-0.11016669124364853,
0.1355358362197876,
-0.28108569979667664,
-0.3564089834690094,
0.35474321246147156,
0.5574032664299011,
0.02197728492319584,
-0.7134919762611389,
0.15540888905525208,
-0.9474062323570251,
-0.8865939974784851,
-0.30191347002983093,
-0.21674124896526337,
-1.2684975862503052,
-0.2144879549741745,
-0.709730327129364,
-0.0030074650421738625,
0.006165707018226385,
0.15169011056423187,
0.09745843708515167,
-0.39072108268737793,
-1.0328452587127686,
-0.3089616596698761,
-0.4290170669555664,
0.8146872520446777,
-0.14499737322330475,
0.7344739437103271,
-0.35447826981544495,
0.16665507853031158,
0.5080110430717468,
0.3296988308429718,
-0.1830219328403473,
0.17017346620559692,
0.21383774280548096,
1.0105565786361694,
0.26999571919441223,
-0.09767679125070572,
-0.21844597160816193,
-0.0973513126373291,
0.01690632477402687,
-0.0119437575340271,
0.24465800821781158,
0.4854074716567993,
-0.9334561824798584,
-0.41612252593040466,
-0.16577133536338806,
0.04727897793054581,
0.395285040140152,
-0.013085074722766876,
-0.3419838547706604,
0.11864741891622543,
-0.1360238790512085,
-0.268716961145401,
0.28642964363098145,
0.09100786596536636,
-0.6281575560569763,
-0.14036031067371368,
0.07192369550466537,
0.689856231212616,
0.1308412253856659,
0.27783113718032837,
-0.14154760539531708,
0.15042729675769806,
-0.3771786689758301,
-0.18716876208782196,
0.6490775942802429,
-0.14711520075798035,
0.11943160742521286,
-0.08796053379774094,
0.6349831819534302,
-0.49626824259757996,
-0.783477246761322,
0.22931215167045593,
-1.0635572671890259,
-0.006523817777633667,
0.734798014163971,
-0.3618544340133667,
-0.1429111212491989,
-0.17003776133060455,
1.3824326992034912,
-0.036317143589258194,
0.43084612488746643,
-0.28137287497520447,
-0.6336304545402527,
0.2069970667362213,
0.18801194429397583,
-0.267751008272171,
0.22009246051311493,
0.1993771344423294,
-0.35338708758354187,
-0.16090960800647736,
-0.4352008104324341,
0.01872831955552101,
-0.5928487181663513,
-0.3562733232975006,
-0.16002658009529114,
-0.49446824193000793,
1.5533785820007324,
0.3204737603664398,
-0.3241383731365204,
0.4575376808643341,
-0.514336884021759,
1.0351969003677368,
0.09506933391094208,
0.11641650646924973,
-0.09407774358987808,
-0.4606112539768219,
-0.5132700204849243,
-0.01574040949344635,
0.4003981351852417,
-0.008153295144438744,
0.40549570322036743,
0.30442744493484497,
0.2109803408384323,
-0.15910786390304565,
0.21700751781463623,
0.20592661201953888,
0.11512891203165054,
-0.18679848313331604,
-0.08161326497793198,
-0.42087140679359436,
-0.27399373054504395,
-0.8566036224365234,
0.8072774410247803,
-0.38733384013175964,
0.6121465563774109,
0.44900038838386536,
-0.5448713302612305,
0.3223837912082672,
-0.12034622579813004,
0.3565244674682617,
0.08061372488737106,
-0.5202856063842773,
0.15712259709835052,
0.402944415807724,
0.16783706843852997,
-0.11546628177165985,
-0.12954814732074738,
-0.8210105299949646,
-0.4378231167793274,
-0.5362150073051453,
0.4172622859477997,
-0.16096046566963196,
0.0884016752243042,
-0.026521435007452965,
-0.7871019244194031,
0.5077012181282043,
-0.013340256176888943,
0.2742516100406647,
0.38452577590942383,
0.5791055560112,
-0.3000686764717102,
-0.2021396905183792,
0.3478345572948456,
-0.09428197890520096,
0.6486609578132629,
0.083454430103302,
0.23244933784008026,
0.033145397901535034,
-0.07998698204755783,
0.5623047947883606,
-0.003228110959753394,
0.2278345823287964,
-0.3986002802848816,
0.3562220335006714,
0.35027557611465454,
0.31603410840034485,
-0.2443183809518814,
-0.753159761428833,
-0.2365126609802246,
-0.7210197448730469,
0.052936382591724396,
-0.006727288011461496,
0.041148241609334946,
-0.4630220830440521,
-0.3239123821258545,
0.29834485054016113,
-0.4076828956604004,
0.01805988885462284,
0.15617504715919495,
-0.06608777493238449,
-0.9366384744644165,
-0.22463662922382355,
0.3841707706451416,
1.0080748796463013,
-0.37109997868537903,
-0.2864086627960205,
-0.26427221298217773,
0.41798827052116394,
-0.11390555649995804,
-0.35274234414100647,
0.1358044147491455,
-0.11177973449230194,
-0.16424842178821564,
0.6610676646232605,
0.14565010368824005,
-0.09109517186880112,
0.2517634630203247,
0.4168229103088379,
0.6234599947929382,
-0.3121435046195984,
-0.15632131695747375,
-0.1752437949180603,
-0.19774290919303894,
0.8469483852386475,
0.18060995638370514,
0.4684198200702667,
0.7431824207305908,
-0.20160730183124542,
-0.2837556302547455,
0.32723572850227356,
-5.172841548919678,
0.13016562163829803,
-0.2040831297636032,
0.13004465401172638,
1.0241602659225464,
-0.7221295833587646,
0.2345447540283203,
-0.41750577092170715,
-0.29104167222976685,
-0.40255117416381836,
-0.5049629807472229,
-0.020022576674818993,
-0.21033570170402527,
0.5395545363426208,
0.7413395047187805,
0.8530237674713135,
0.569952666759491,
0.14235958456993103,
0.23187369108200073,
0.5339296460151672,
-0.5411878228187561,
0.4906480014324188,
-0.03208532556891441,
0.3002350628376007,
-0.0022923233918845654,
1.085867166519165,
-0.382291316986084,
0.2702491879463196,
-0.7888253331184387,
-0.5465065240859985,
0.2205381691455841,
-0.16658708453178406,
0.3419223129749298,
-0.573997437953949,
-0.7121967673301697,
0.36065834760665894,
0.4507865607738495,
0.4305303990840912,
0.2397812306880951,
0.01682783104479313,
0.4877029359340668,
-0.046174515038728714,
0.201320081949234,
0.04837609827518463,
0.3687727153301239,
-0.8760488629341125,
-1.0163980722427368,
0.12022171914577484,
-0.1516735553741455,
0.3899925649166107,
-0.6052042245864868,
0.3461022675037384,
0.4790560007095337,
0.044592611491680145,
-0.40452224016189575,
-0.23448964953422546,
0.4737284481525421,
0.06607595831155777,
-0.28606078028678894,
-0.11977441608905792,
0.2765870988368988,
-0.9099629521369934,
-0.1394297480583191,
-0.5136216878890991,
-0.6240360140800476,
-0.5075345039367676,
0.12070287764072418,
0.5864894390106201,
0.08742723613977432,
0.5610442757606506,
0.18603934347629547,
0.647250771522522,
-0.0834060087800026,
-0.8940814733505249,
-0.5004875063896179,
-0.5290828943252563,
-0.3473272919654846,
0.0483323410153389,
0.04473302140831947,
0.053963907063007355,
-0.3092208802700043,
-0.08517680317163467,
-0.4379674196243286,
0.366567999124527,
0.005649914033710957,
-0.563678503036499,
-0.36698031425476074,
0.45962023735046387,
-0.785508930683136,
-0.23025290668010712,
0.12107054144144058,
-0.38148069381713867,
-0.05126843973994255,
1.155742883682251,
0.6523177027702332,
0.0406973697245121,
0.2647181451320648,
0.24383191764354706,
0.0559028685092926,
0.22390121221542358,
0.14166031777858734,
-0.452082097530365,
0.08142837136983871,
0.059181876480579376,
-0.676261305809021,
-0.3791234791278839,
-0.0730743333697319,
0.5318378806114197,
0.5312785506248474,
0.31684771180152893,
0.6116986870765686,
-0.4843059182167053,
-0.4433780908584595,
0.022800756618380547,
-0.046627312898635864,
-0.03662553057074547,
-0.1637451946735382,
-0.14768332242965698,
-0.08202172070741653,
0.29354676604270935,
0.05149076133966446,
0.11575187742710114,
-0.01312232669442892,
-0.07356960326433182,
-0.5181939601898193,
-0.012449151836335659,
0.7173480987548828,
-0.21087627112865448,
-0.47196143865585327,
-0.8723388910293579,
-0.08952844142913818,
-0.17513518035411835,
0.00018294589244760573,
0.5220082998275757,
-0.1370381861925125,
-0.22222885489463806,
-0.5280755162239075,
-0.039923783391714096,
0.4281286299228668,
0.3528122901916504,
0.2429921180009842,
-0.07592038810253143,
-0.10877271741628647,
-0.013795077800750732,
0.3883325457572937,
0.5305753946304321,
-0.23040243983268738,
0.6068383455276489,
-0.6742503643035889,
0.6599604487419128,
-0.5618075132369995,
-0.30100277066230774,
-0.08973324298858643,
-0.26191431283950806,
-0.3772142827510834,
-0.26106494665145874,
-0.5460370779037476,
0.8366023898124695,
0.3458026647567749,
-0.5182437896728516,
-0.249558225274086,
-0.2613435387611389,
-0.5143415331840515,
-0.37369081377983093,
0.45931702852249146,
0.03628494590520859,
0.21109162271022797,
-0.44718948006629944,
-0.9646939039230347,
0.5564696788787842,
0.21704711019992828,
0.03490263968706131,
-0.6284242272377014,
-0.3933182656764984,
0.38956984877586365,
-0.377707839012146,
-0.06484480202198029,
0.08253297954797745,
0.07792803645133972,
0.2737940549850464,
0.22042138874530792,
-0.48125556111335754,
0.31743210554122925,
0.15833166241645813,
1.0056997537612915,
-0.8417520523071289,
-0.6935667991638184,
-0.5759615302085876,
0.44056808948516846,
-0.686204731464386,
0.015479980036616325,
-0.25396931171417236,
0.2831731140613556,
0.22567041218280792,
-0.354360431432724,
-0.7900776863098145,
-0.21443523466587067,
-0.6420248746871948,
-0.26900437474250793,
-0.27851447463035583,
0.27010276913642883,
0.6068292856216431,
-0.2443489283323288,
0.9988327622413635,
0.30446988344192505,
-0.661745548248291,
0.1487627923488617,
-0.2568265199661255,
-0.19150516390800476,
0.7325752973556519,
-0.004158441908657551,
-0.9843015670776367,
0.34423309564590454,
0.8044926524162292,
-0.9910094738006592,
-0.5369685888290405,
-0.07090955972671509,
-0.16092850267887115,
-0.1895415335893631,
-0.04284042492508888,
-0.43208926916122437,
-0.6075583100318909,
-0.09528205543756485,
-0.06893064826726913,
-0.5114455819129944,
0.40943050384521484,
0.2588004171848297,
-0.6717626452445984,
0.8688974976539612,
-0.9343862533569336,
0.1619594842195511,
0.10353204607963562,
-0.1921493113040924,
0.23319850862026215,
0.5653881430625916,
-0.22542740404605865,
0.40688684582710266,
0.12013415992259979,
-0.2434074729681015,
0.44358253479003906,
0.3131301999092102,
1.4885659217834473,
0.02857968397438526,
-0.5020862221717834,
-0.27427956461906433,
0.2832690477371216,
0.17265506088733673,
0.1382380723953247,
-0.23048046231269836,
0.07128449529409409,
0.46712449193000793,
-0.37460044026374817,
-0.3775405287742615,
-0.22834746539592743,
0.01695137470960617,
-0.33229950070381165,
-0.13466955721378326,
0.0060873087495565414,
-0.18276391923427582,
0.08655966818332672,
0.7040473818778992,
0.3571926951408386,
-0.434603214263916,
0.21815618872642517,
0.06590870767831802,
0.028933271765708923,
-0.15670831501483917,
-0.49577540159225464,
0.8402467966079712,
-0.4245649576187134,
-0.03786879777908325,
-0.5727761387825012,
-0.35544633865356445,
0.27612245082855225,
0.0017229545628651977,
0.2219943255186081,
-0.3200222849845886,
-0.9165505766868591,
1.072127342224121,
-0.29217278957366943,
-0.669701337814331,
0.08593432605266571,
0.618596076965332,
-0.4342605769634247,
0.32124271988868713,
-0.6766617894172668,
-0.16884444653987885,
0.38415148854255676,
-0.19153983891010284,
0.3731858730316162,
-0.48546385765075684,
-0.3545932173728943,
-0.04289712384343147,
-0.006831739097833633,
0.11360908299684525,
-0.0463872067630291,
-0.004692071117460728,
-0.05244089663028717,
0.5976905226707458,
0.03772630915045738,
-1.0596716403961182,
1.0103952884674072,
0.3996463119983673,
-0.12734413146972656,
0.40641099214553833,
0.22437219321727753,
-0.40732112526893616,
-0.2080557644367218,
-0.32177919149398804,
-0.02905757911503315,
0.20223364233970642,
-0.27575868368148804,
0.6928178668022156,
0.2809906601905823,
-0.4311085045337677,
0.12969833612442017,
0.06484678387641907,
-0.8845323920249939,
0.08083678036928177,
0.36483967304229736,
-0.31127965450286865,
0.2839715778827667,
0.43138736486434937,
0.2298775315284729,
-0.16325373947620392,
0.8248482346534729,
-0.7696335911750793,
-0.49211403727531433,
0.10278191417455673,
0.1663801372051239,
0.19742366671562195,
-0.06538400053977966,
-0.569159746170044,
0.9619835615158081,
-0.5364695191383362,
-0.03875497356057167,
0.18923914432525635,
-0.9974755644798279,
-0.15740042924880981,
0.23692788183689117,
0.5250717401504517,
0.39040809869766235,
-0.6616147756576538,
-0.15333975851535797,
-0.8163518309593201,
0.0046781799755990505,
0.01896532252430916,
0.022912872955203056,
-0.05158822610974312,
0.19561165571212769,
0.03790803626179695,
0.08767803758382797,
0.11409543454647064,
0.08750505745410919,
-0.0806061252951622,
0.552582323551178,
0.2655254304409027,
0.13564810156822205,
-0.881529688835144,
0.3081093430519104,
-0.06153560429811478,
0.7161426544189453,
0.30849188566207886,
-0.019350918009877205,
0.4542257785797119,
0.19469796121120453,
0.7981221675872803,
-0.1471654325723648,
0.2024846225976944,
0.7898351550102234,
-0.013339485973119736,
0.694111704826355,
0.47756227850914,
-0.6654869318008423,
-0.047462403774261475,
0.3508056104183197,
-0.1622026264667511,
0.6213176250457764,
0.22775433957576752,
-0.5647854208946228,
-0.11154720932245255,
-0.5806148648262024,
-0.015570122748613358,
-0.004206770099699497,
0.007957817986607552,
-0.8039700388908386,
-0.5226880311965942,
0.6431371569633484,
-0.5098560452461243,
-0.3550567924976349,
0.2762533724308014,
-0.3863060474395752,
-0.13247160613536835,
0.46567878127098083,
-0.5195810794830322,
-0.18346315622329712,
0.05419648438692093,
0.9268530607223511,
0.7221696376800537,
0.07169131189584732,
0.09941189736127853,
-0.12427058070898056,
-0.8360539078712463,
0.2015620619058609,
0.05052901804447174,
0.4686267375946045,
-0.08593057841062546,
0.08056195825338364,
-0.818753182888031,
0.09942106157541275,
-0.010035539977252483,
0.3706643879413605,
-0.13476203382015228,
0.7655858397483826,
-0.06064737215638161,
0.882134735584259,
0.45921772718429565,
-0.16688130795955658,
-0.1655561327934265,
0.1655454933643341,
-0.36358919739723206,
0.40067753195762634,
0.11251499503850937,
0.7945407629013062,
-0.1486283391714096,
-0.06222238764166832,
-0.0778685063123703,
0.22034423053264618,
-0.8217942118644714,
0.4637065827846527,
0.056380946189165115,
0.561496913433075,
-0.5661881566047668,
0.12553271651268005,
0.022966189309954643,
0.458739697933197,
0.5180726051330566,
1.2228659391403198,
0.11831114441156387,
-0.38189172744750977,
-0.5898535251617432,
-0.39783018827438354,
0.7298075556755066,
0.12669314444065094,
-0.19682028889656067,
0.033647570759058,
-0.08469220995903015,
-0.2767062485218048,
-0.44762519001960754,
0.6404714584350586,
0.6074336767196655,
0.0702926442027092,
0.48726922273635864,
-0.5817294716835022,
-0.11088443547487259,
-0.3226127028465271,
-0.0965127944946289,
-0.22855333983898163,
0.406302273273468,
0.2502300441265106
]
|
128382 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%20John%27s%20College%2C%20Oxford | St John's College, Oxford | St John's College is a constituent college of the University of Oxford. Founded as a men's college in 1555, it has been coeducational since 1979. Its founder, Sir Thomas White, intended to provide a source of educated Roman Catholic clerics to support the Counter-Reformation under Queen Mary.
St John's is the wealthiest college in Oxford, with a financial endowment of Β£600 million as of 2020, largely due to nineteenth century suburban development of land in the city of Oxford of which it is the ground landlord.
The college occupies a central location on St Giles' and has a student body of approximately 390 undergraduates and 250 postgraduates. As well as over 100 academic staff, the college is supported by a similar number of other staff. It is amongst the most academic of all Oxford colleges; in 2018 St John's topped the Norrington Table, the annual ranking of Oxford colleges' final results.
History
On 1 May 1555, Sir Thomas White, lately Lord Mayor of London, obtained a Royal Patent of Foundation to create a charitable institution for the education of students within the University of Oxford. White, a Roman Catholic, originally intended St John's to provide a source of educated Roman Catholic clerics to support the Counter-Reformation under Queen Mary, and indeed Edmund Campion, the Roman Catholic martyr, studied here.
White acquired buildings on the east side of St Giles', north of Balliol and Trinity Colleges, which had belonged to the former College of St Bernard, a monastery and house of study of the Cistercian order that had been founded in 1437 and closed during the Dissolution of the Monasteries. Initially the new St John's College was rather small and not well endowed financially. During the reign of Elizabeth I the fellows lectured in rhetoric, Greek, and dialectic, but not directly in theology. However, St John's initially had a strong focus on the creation of a proficient and educated priesthood.
White was Master of the Merchant Taylors' Company, and established a number of educational foundations, including the Merchant Taylors' School. Although the college was closely linked to such institutions for many centuries, it became a more open society in the later 19th century. (Closed scholarships for students from the Merchant Taylors' School, however, persisted until the late 20th century. As well as these, scholarships existed for students from Christ's Hospital, two for Coventry School, two for Bristol Grammar School, two for Reading School and one for Tonbridge School.) Female students were first admitted in 1979, after over four centuries of the college as an institution for men only. Elizabeth Fallaize was appointed as the first female fellow in 1990.
Although primarily a producer of Anglican clergymen in the earlier periods of its history, St John's also gained a reputation for degrees in law, medicine and PPE (Philosophy, Politics and Economics).
Endowments
The endowments which St John's was given at its foundation, and during the twenty or so years afterward, served it very well and in the second half of the nineteenth century it benefited, as ground landlord, from the suburban development of the city of Oxford and was unusual among colleges for the size and extent of its property within the city. The patronage of the parish of St Giles was included in the endowment of the college by Thomas White. Vicars of St Giles were formerly either fellows of the college, or ex-fellows who were granted the living on marriage (when Oxford fellows were required to be unmarried). The college retains the right to present candidates for the benefice to the bishop. Today St John's maintains the largest endowment of the Oxford colleges, for example owning the Oxford Playhouse building and the Millwall F.C. training ground.
In January 2020, students carried out a five-day occupation on the college's front quad to protest against the endowment fund's continued investments in fossil fuels.
Buildings
The college is situated on a single site. Most of the college buildings are organised around seven quadrangles (quads).
Front Quadrangle
The Front Quadrangle mainly consists of buildings built for the Cistercian St Bernard's College. Construction started in 1437, though when the site passed to the crown in 1540, due to the Dissolution of the Monasteries, much of the exterior was as it is now, but the Eastern range was incomplete. Christ Church took control of the site in 1546 and Thomas White acquired it in 1554. The college founder made major alterations to create the current college hall, and designated the Northern part of the Eastern range to be the lodging of the president, for which it is still used today. Front Quad was gravelled until the college's 400th anniversary when the current circular lawn and paving were laid out.
The turret clock, made by John Knibb, dates from 1690. The main tower above the Porters' Lodge features a statue of St. John the Baptist by Eric Gill.
Chapel
The chapel was built and dedicated to St Bernard of Clairvaux in 1530. The chapel was re-dedicated to St John the Baptist in 1557. The Baylie chapel in the north-east corner was added 1662β1669 and refitted in 1949. In 1840 the chapel's interior underwent major changes which created the gothic revival pews, roof, wall arcading and west screen. Thomas White, William Laud and William Juxon are buried beneath the chapel. All three were presidents of the college, with the latter two also holding the role of Archbishop of Canterbury. To the south of the chancel is a hidden pew directly accessible from the President's Lodgings, which historically allowed the only woman in college, the president's wife, to worship without distracting college members.
Choral services have been sung in the chapel since 1618. Orlando Gibbons's famous anthem "This Is the Record of John" was written at the college's request, and presumably received its first performance here. The college in 1620 commissioned the anthem As they departed from Michael East. The college choir today sings evensong services on Sundays and Wednesdays during term time, as well as singing the grace at Sunday formal hall. Since 1923 the choir has been directed by student organ scholars. The chapel has always been home to an organ, and the present three keyboard instrument by Bernard Aubertin was installed in 2008.
Canterbury Quadrangle
This quad is the first example of Italian Renaissance architecture in Oxford. It was substantially commissioned by Archbishop Laud and completed in 1636.
The college library is here, consisting of four connected parts: The Old Library (south side, built 1596β1598), The Laudian Library (built 1631β1635 above the eastern colonnade, overlooking the garden), The Paddy Room (1971β77) and the new Library and Study Centre, designed by Wright & Wright Architects and opened in 2019. Until moving to the Kendrew Quadrangle in 2010, the Holdsworth Law Library was situated in the neighbouring southwest corner of Canterbury Quadrangle. The college holds Robert Graves' Working Library and in 1936 it acquired the 'A. E. Housman Classics Library', consisting of about 300 books and pamphlets containing hand-written notes by Housman in margins and on loose leaves.
The Holmes Building is a 1794 south spur off the Canterbury Quad, containing fellows' rooms.
North Quadrangle
The North Quadrangle was not designed as a whole, but is the irregular product of a series of buildings constructed since the college's foundation.
The college cook, Thomas Clarke, was given permission in 1612 to build a college kitchen, with residential rooms above. The college bought this building, just north of the hall, from Clarke in 1620 and expanded it during 1642β1643 to produce the current Cook's Building.
In 1676 the first part of today's Senior Common Room was constructed, just north of the chapel. Its ceiling, completed in 1742, features the craftsmanship of Thomas Roberts, who also worked on the Radcliffe Camera and the Codrington Library. Various additions and renovations took place in 1826, 1900, 1936 and 2004β2005. The latest renovation and extension to the Grade I building was by MJP Architects and received two awards in 1996, the Design Partnership Award from the National Association of Shopfitters, and the other from the Royal Institute of British Architects.
In 1742 property was bought from Exeter College, that between 1794 and 1880 was used for college purposes and known as the Wood Buildings. It was replaced when in 1880 the construction of today's St Giles' range began. What is today thought of as a single building was constructed as several distinct sections. The first part (1880β1881) consisted of the gate tower and the rooms between it and Cook's building to the south. The second part to be constructed (1899β1900) forms the northern half of the St Giles' range. Finally the Rawlinson Building (1909) formed the northern side of the quadrangle. More rooms were added by Edward Maufe in 1933.
With the completion of the "Beehive" (1958β1960), made up of non-regular hexagonal rooms, the quadrangle took on its current appearance. Although it looks like concrete, the Beehive is clad in Portland stone. This Eastern part of the quadrangle previously hosted the old Fellows' Stables.
Dolphin Quadrangle
The three houses 2β4 St Giles' formed an inn, named the Dolphin Inn. At the time of their demolition in 1881, the houses were known as the South Buildings, and were used as accommodation for the college. In 1947β1948 the college constructed on the site, at a cost of Β£43,216, the neo-Georgian Dolphin Quadrangle, designed by Edward Maufe. The college was able to build the new quadrangle despite the shortage of construction materials in the immediate aftermath of the Second World War due to the fact it had stored its own timber in Bagley Wood, owned by the college to this day.
Sir Thomas White Quadrangle
Built in 1972β1975, this is not actually a quadrangle, but an L-shaped building partially enclosing an area of garden. The upper floors are predominantly student residences, but ground floor contains communal facilities including the college bar, TV room, DVD room and JCR. Underground areas contain the Games Room and Erg Room for rowing. The Prestwich, Larkin and Graves rooms are multi-purpose and used for a variety of events.
The building is an early design by Philip Dowson of Arup Associates which won both the 1976 Concrete Society Award and the 1981 Royal Institute of British Architects architectural excellence award. It was also Commended in the 2011 Mature Building Category of the Construct: Concrete Awards and became a Grade II listed building in 2017.
Garden Quadrangle
The Garden Quadrangle is a modern (1993) neo-Italianate design from MJP Architects that includes the college auditorium, student rooms and kitchens. The complex structure is very unlike a conventional quadrangle. After it won five awards (RIBA Award 1995, Civic Trust Award 1995, Oxford Preservation Trust Award 1994, Independent on Sunday Building of the Year 1994 and Concrete Society Award β Overall Winner 1994), a 2003 poll organised by The Oxford Times voted the Β£7.5m quadrangle the best building erected in Oxford in the preceding 75 years.
The site was previously occupied by the Department of Agriculture, and the Parks Road frontage of this building survives today, separated from the quadrangle by a detached building containing three music rooms.
Kendrew Quadrangle
The most recent quad, completed in 2010, was also designed by MJP architects. The quad is named after Sir John Kendrew, former president of the college, Nobel Laureate and the college's greatest benefactor of the twentieth century. The construction has been dubbed "the last great quad in the city centre" and is notable for its attempt to provide energy from sustainable sources: much of the energy required to heat the building is provided by a combination of solar panels on the roof, geothermal pipes extending deep below the basement and woodchips from the college wood used to fire the boilers.
As the first phase of The Kendrew Quadrangle project Dunthorne Parker Architects were appointed by the college to refurbish three Grade II Listed buildings fronting on to St Giles. Works were carried out to No 20 St Giles which became alumni residential accommodation, The Black Hall, a 17th-century building, which became teaching accommodation and The Barn, which became an exhibition and performance space.
College properties on Eastern side of St Giles'
The college now owns almost all the buildings on the Eastern stretch of St Giles'. Most of these are fairly unnoticeable, with various previous owners, today all used for various college purposes. However a few are more distinctive.
Middleton Hall is a curious house, north of the North Quad and abutting the Lamb & Flag.
Number 16 is St Giles' House, which dates from 1702. It was described by Nikolaus Pevsner as "the best house of its date in Oxford". It was previously known as The Judge's Lodgings, due to its use between 1852 and 1965 by the judge when visiting for Assizes. It is today used by the college for dinners and receptions, with the upper levels including various rooms for tutors.
The Lamb & Flag pub is owned by the college which up to 2021 operated it, using the profits to fund graduate scholarships.
Western side of St Giles'
The college owns a stretch of the Western side of St Giles', including The Eagle and Child pub (formerly owned by University College, Oxford), where the well-known writers J. R. R. Tolkien and C. S. Lewis often met their literary friends.
Gallery
Student life
Facilities
St John's offers onsite accommodation to all undergraduates for the duration of their course (although students are not obliged to take up this offer). For first years, this is mostly in the Thomas White Quad, with some students also accommodated in the Beehive. The college also accommodates some undergraduates (mostly second years) in houses owned by the college on Museum Road, with some postgraduates in Blackhall Road.
Middle Common Room
All graduate students are members of the Middle Common Room. The MCR represents graduates in the college, organises events and maintains graduate facilities. The MCR building was completed in 1998.
Societies
St John's College Boat Club (SJCBC) is the largest of a number of college sports clubs. In Summer Eights 2013, eight SJCBC boats qualified for the racing, and the women's 1st VIII bumped up to become the Head of the River - the first time any crew from SJCBC has achieved this in the club's 150-year history. The women's 1st Torpid won blades three years in succession from 2011 to 2013, and in 2013 also won the right to represent the Oxford colleges in the women's intercollegiate race at the Henley Boat Races. In 2017 SJCBC M1 won blades.
In 2006 St John's launched SJCtv, becoming the first Oxford college to start its own television station. The college drama group operates under the banner of St John's Mummers. In addition to the chapel choir, the college regularly hosts performances from professional musicians and two non-auditioning ensembles (open to all Oxford students) rehearse in college: the Oxford Open Orchestra and Oxford University Symphonic Band.
St John's operates a discount scheme, which offers discounts at a wide range of local businesses. The scheme is run by a designated member of the JCR Committee and all undergraduate and postgraduate students are given a discount card upon admission to the college, whilst members of the university attending other colleges may buy one for Β£2.
People associated with St John's
Fellows and alumni
Fellows and alumni of St John's have included 17th-century Archbishops of Canterbury William Laud and William Juxon, the early Fabian intellectual Sidney Ball, Chief Commissioner of Burma Sir Charles Crosthwaite, former Prime Minister of Canada Lester B. Pearson, former Sudanese prime minister Sadiq al-Mahdi, the poets A. E. Housman, Philip Larkin and Robert Graves and the latter's brother, journalist Charles Graves, the novelist Kingsley Amis, the historian Peter Burke, the biochemist Sir John Kendrew, and former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Tony Blair.
Presidents
The current President of St John's is Margaret J. Snowling, a British psychologist known for her work on dyslexia and recognised as a fellow of the British Academy.
See also
Fellows of St John's College, Oxford
List of alumni of St John's College, Oxford
References
External links
St John's College
St John's College MCR
St John's College JCR
Virtual Tour of St. John's College
1555 establishments in England
Colleges of the University of Oxford
Educational institutions established in the 1550s
Grade I listed buildings in Oxford
Grade I listed educational buildings
Buildings and structures of the University of Oxford
Edward Blore buildings | [
-0.1387653797864914,
0.7607676386833191,
0.20521020889282227,
-0.7316256165504456,
-0.018746381625533104,
0.9490317702293396,
0.7740561962127686,
1.2489302158355713,
-0.7262270450592041,
-0.5715833902359009,
-0.6687047481536865,
-0.17243286967277527,
0.32303404808044434,
0.13261929154396057,
0.5888751745223999,
-0.43417346477508545,
0.49018535017967224,
0.33363351225852966,
0.17308005690574646,
-1.051344871520996,
-0.14790727198123932,
0.05498139187693596,
-0.555924117565155,
0.3656497299671173,
0.2624376118183136,
-0.15852589905261993,
0.3037284016609192,
-0.4597155749797821,
-0.24243536591529846,
-0.18910257518291473,
0.5656522512435913,
0.23074138164520264,
0.03396288678050041,
-0.543770968914032,
0.06511975079774857,
-0.83803391456604,
0.09935629367828369,
-0.43037453293800354,
0.10182993859052658,
0.07023119926452637,
-0.036753956228494644,
-0.235983207821846,
0.3724948465824127,
0.1866433173418045,
-0.3039029538631439,
-0.7975583076477051,
-0.6438162326812744,
0.45758986473083496,
-0.615558922290802,
0.29801470041275024,
0.4102729260921478,
0.41117048263549805,
0.5148671269416809,
-0.1447180211544037,
-0.015800798311829567,
0.26254013180732727,
-0.7339745163917542,
0.28794023394584656,
0.5815637707710266,
-0.21363668143749237,
0.1767391413450241,
0.6340747475624084,
-0.45134294033050537,
0.9164700508117676,
-0.33848950266838074,
-0.13109706342220306,
0.26452985405921936,
0.16635558009147644,
-1.0299594402313232,
-0.05630373954772949,
-0.36636441946029663,
-0.3614135682582855,
-0.2088693231344223,
0.31122025847435,
-0.4337705671787262,
-0.7418727874755859,
-0.05497109889984131,
0.4337543547153473,
0.282577782869339,
-0.033873241394758224,
0.6276471614837646,
0.3988552689552307,
0.37732020020484924,
0.5519422888755798,
0.613881528377533,
0.6897708773612976,
-0.9236771464347839,
-0.35183489322662354,
-0.38613495230674744,
0.5387763381004333,
-0.24343489110469818,
0.4018130600452423,
0.009447033517062664,
0.09696349501609802,
0.1255306750535965,
-0.15197262167930603,
-0.35444027185440063,
0.014248184859752655,
0.29956454038619995,
-0.252432256937027,
-0.40196555852890015,
0.11279153823852539,
0.6622365117073059,
0.062453191727399826,
-0.5854603052139282,
0.2272166758775711,
-0.9161518812179565,
-0.541488766670227,
0.07884790748357773,
0.020991502329707146,
-0.8919772505760193,
0.009058095514774323,
-0.7612959742546082,
0.3016696572303772,
-0.3251540958881378,
-0.1344122290611267,
-0.1427069455385208,
-0.5389188528060913,
-0.6477811336517334,
-0.21970553696155548,
-0.6955589056015015,
0.6727365255355835,
0.1983511596918106,
0.5163331627845764,
-0.2232716828584671,
0.2684980034828186,
0.3151133060455322,
0.3344234824180603,
-0.30008140206336975,
-0.18896761536598206,
0.3597275912761688,
0.8807032704353333,
0.30445095896720886,
-0.1298394799232483,
-0.08157476037740707,
0.10248441994190216,
-0.07244174927473068,
-0.11749999970197678,
0.1836417019367218,
0.5867230296134949,
-0.7548083066940308,
-0.43331706523895264,
-0.07678305357694626,
0.12523354589939117,
0.24189189076423645,
-0.2816169857978821,
-0.46301281452178955,
-0.01304955966770649,
-0.05738374963402748,
-0.3705216944217682,
0.72343909740448,
0.37000906467437744,
-0.6015341281890869,
-0.30602508783340454,
-0.010404594242572784,
0.42492619156837463,
0.027131127193570137,
0.28563228249549866,
0.09589872509241104,
0.043144334107637405,
-0.30676278471946716,
-0.21048259735107422,
0.6533312201499939,
-0.13474589586257935,
-0.017523420974612236,
-0.03378614783287048,
0.6437247395515442,
-0.5285138487815857,
-0.545036792755127,
0.3209938406944275,
-0.6053979992866516,
-0.09530812501907349,
0.7339949607849121,
-0.25837233662605286,
0.041624534875154495,
-0.19513265788555145,
0.9403221011161804,
0.001442121108993888,
0.5233480930328369,
-0.24360217154026031,
-0.5671573281288147,
0.3657677173614502,
-0.18377578258514404,
0.12702371180057526,
-0.3039919137954712,
-0.06930771470069885,
-0.26073214411735535,
0.12477517127990723,
-0.37138068675994873,
0.24689076840877533,
-0.7071939706802368,
-0.39669251441955566,
-0.20070703327655792,
-0.11041329056024551,
1.383239507675171,
0.12167281657457352,
-0.6455835103988647,
0.6060437560081482,
-0.659537672996521,
0.8957703709602356,
-0.07318618148565292,
-0.11950161308050156,
-0.29989558458328247,
-0.4880038797855377,
-0.5922365188598633,
0.15200236439704895,
0.4699905812740326,
0.21364088356494904,
0.700366199016571,
0.10728982836008072,
0.033816542476415634,
-0.3648316562175751,
0.10054435580968857,
0.38539785146713257,
0.2831866443157196,
-0.08121690154075623,
-0.2416374534368515,
-0.6828942894935608,
-0.11067543923854828,
-0.7522526979446411,
0.8208409547805786,
-0.32321780920028687,
0.8745023608207703,
0.27138957381248474,
-0.3421575129032135,
0.22125543653964996,
-0.2190108448266983,
0.4956945478916168,
0.11795210838317871,
-0.3787075877189636,
0.6475265026092529,
0.3767756223678589,
-0.25240305066108704,
0.2303832620382309,
-0.15763433277606964,
-0.7315381169319153,
-0.33330607414245605,
-0.4833638370037079,
0.5312941670417786,
0.10438831895589828,
0.17750421166419983,
-0.18751700222492218,
-0.8200775980949402,
0.6813687086105347,
0.13274070620536804,
-0.1977221816778183,
0.19564533233642578,
0.20276077091693878,
-0.5954506397247314,
-0.20265109837055206,
0.06408101320266724,
-0.09702672809362411,
0.25912851095199585,
0.48226314783096313,
-0.03301525488495827,
0.0887673869729042,
-0.04351198300719261,
0.7606617212295532,
0.28399500250816345,
0.22037699818611145,
-0.35493096709251404,
-0.08310171216726303,
0.3723728358745575,
0.4365431070327759,
-0.50946444272995,
-0.5707262754440308,
-0.4701331853866577,
-0.7619448304176331,
0.03486224263906479,
-0.11581648886203766,
0.0006870261277072132,
-0.41661185026168823,
-0.40699657797813416,
0.22993525862693787,
-0.3894977867603302,
0.1706128567457199,
0.09584107995033264,
-0.14433595538139343,
-0.57558274269104,
-0.1829683780670166,
0.17756038904190063,
0.6443310379981995,
-0.51904296875,
-0.7071748971939087,
-0.12127253413200378,
0.2506568133831024,
-0.07994380593299866,
-0.21388746798038483,
-0.07857874780893326,
-0.047413915395736694,
-0.199090376496315,
0.8401200175285339,
0.08601268380880356,
0.04903271421790123,
0.42082226276397705,
0.33495619893074036,
0.45854201912879944,
-0.2493821084499359,
-0.09375380724668503,
-0.38383719325065613,
-0.01234715897589922,
0.8046055436134338,
0.39253583550453186,
0.490947961807251,
0.5884759426116943,
-0.4589191675186157,
-0.1467900276184082,
0.36411726474761963,
-5.609866142272949,
0.11397140473127365,
-0.43467724323272705,
0.19294002652168274,
1.050346851348877,
-0.6447084546089172,
0.30991604924201965,
-0.6495044231414795,
-0.11450216919183731,
-0.48902568221092224,
-0.529755711555481,
0.05849624052643776,
-0.18965810537338257,
0.4248325228691101,
0.30554836988449097,
0.7107911109924316,
0.29864683747291565,
-0.06993041187524796,
-0.09547557681798935,
0.5805710554122925,
-0.446097195148468,
0.4225805699825287,
0.04272455349564552,
0.011949202045798302,
0.2373371720314026,
0.8688575625419617,
-0.29623880982398987,
0.21250221133232117,
-0.47515738010406494,
-0.46172335743904114,
0.11289871484041214,
-0.3106417953968048,
0.27321892976760864,
-0.5393811464309692,
-0.37815389037132263,
0.09118421375751495,
0.47202154994010925,
0.44008755683898926,
-0.055282093584537506,
0.17132937908172607,
0.5304874777793884,
0.24627646803855896,
0.16137737035751343,
-0.21203750371932983,
0.4923246204853058,
-0.49116164445877075,
-0.5691009163856506,
-0.06004714593291283,
-0.3305625021457672,
0.194162055850029,
-0.6553651094436646,
0.45888572931289673,
0.2012326568365097,
0.18017283082008362,
-0.26811274886131287,
-0.4172994792461395,
0.0949883908033371,
-0.04046858474612236,
-0.016242345795035362,
-0.28102803230285645,
0.3753129541873932,
-0.5919649600982666,
0.04129633679986,
-0.5093163251876831,
-0.4231749176979065,
-0.49358564615249634,
-0.026020687073469162,
0.5273690223693848,
0.2770056128501892,
0.24027389287948608,
0.2802472710609436,
-0.18367323279380798,
0.03541981428861618,
-0.6705637574195862,
-0.7291278839111328,
-0.6898364424705505,
-0.3285079002380371,
-0.3297335207462311,
0.0016663279384374619,
0.021851597353816032,
-0.16442668437957764,
-0.0831688940525055,
-0.6091994643211365,
0.27584272623062134,
0.27405300736427307,
-0.6600381135940552,
-0.3845764100551605,
0.21684078872203827,
-0.6684161424636841,
-0.27092301845550537,
-0.035065747797489166,
-0.3624354600906372,
-0.16965104639530182,
0.6275474429130554,
0.5122714638710022,
0.16998328268527985,
-0.06901263445615768,
0.5034177899360657,
-0.2562267482280731,
0.2603447735309601,
0.3036106824874878,
-0.46877729892730713,
0.03711186349391937,
0.053301021456718445,
-0.17181992530822754,
-0.36523404717445374,
0.16551709175109863,
0.6008163094520569,
0.24782297015190125,
0.1277514547109604,
0.26252222061157227,
-0.6022937893867493,
-0.44498103857040405,
0.13336977362632751,
-0.10458459705114365,
-0.12335934489965439,
-0.11014619469642639,
0.1407940685749054,
-0.23930945992469788,
0.2285481095314026,
0.047234565019607544,
0.21753311157226562,
-0.03153160959482193,
-0.3683118522167206,
-0.6156136989593506,
-0.4149826169013977,
0.11023129522800446,
-0.3172369599342346,
-0.3346811830997467,
-0.49424827098846436,
0.058180294930934906,
-0.11996179074048996,
0.21028223633766174,
0.4643671214580536,
-0.23502624034881592,
-0.09479358047246933,
-0.3962545394897461,
-0.009810632094740868,
0.11850624531507492,
0.4830739498138428,
0.14927487075328827,
-0.11976999044418335,
-0.09404151886701584,
0.12817038595676422,
0.5810487270355225,
0.7308765053749084,
-0.198857381939888,
0.376331090927124,
-0.5614604353904724,
0.594028651714325,
-0.5593006014823914,
-0.37274080514907837,
-0.011633387766778469,
0.17298443615436554,
-0.06344612687826157,
-0.16394078731536865,
-0.4854339063167572,
0.5230724215507507,
0.14503270387649536,
-0.03137458860874176,
-0.05179048329591751,
-0.2754374146461487,
-0.4799298942089081,
-0.4399212896823883,
0.5499764084815979,
0.1956617683172226,
0.08926694095134735,
-0.49891647696495056,
-0.8397131562232971,
0.31098833680152893,
-0.08811253309249878,
0.04411233961582184,
-0.5378486514091492,
-0.04612787440419197,
0.2844569683074951,
-0.20361751317977905,
-0.06984929740428925,
-0.06509675830602646,
-0.018221890553832054,
0.06226052716374397,
0.23364391922950745,
-0.4980117678642273,
0.4075997769832611,
0.32410889863967896,
0.7931796312332153,
-0.4856947958469391,
-0.5942215323448181,
-0.5063588619232178,
0.3729511797428131,
-0.5517886281013489,
0.3653755784034729,
-0.470154732465744,
-0.0005004170234315097,
0.09687966853380203,
-0.3879290521144867,
-0.4464685618877411,
-0.2416308969259262,
-0.4025128483772278,
-0.5244985222816467,
0.06040940061211586,
-0.07799819111824036,
0.5775807499885559,
-0.3844810724258423,
0.8475483059883118,
0.02770993486046791,
-0.43595030903816223,
0.3810593783855438,
-0.05707088112831116,
-0.11042657494544983,
0.4265572428703308,
-0.2732212245464325,
-0.8008159399032593,
0.3863130807876587,
0.8088286519050598,
-0.8381950855255127,
-0.17992112040519714,
-0.01429438591003418,
-0.2717631459236145,
-0.4188711941242218,
-0.14752857387065887,
-0.10903007537126541,
-0.2659514844417572,
-0.17221370339393616,
-0.08072786778211594,
-0.23725435137748718,
0.5356262922286987,
0.19208237528800964,
-0.5368258953094482,
0.8763630390167236,
-0.3782379627227783,
0.23072803020477295,
-0.16881953179836273,
-0.037747614085674286,
0.24784567952156067,
0.8467029929161072,
-0.4177399277687073,
0.2712051570415497,
-0.31848961114883423,
-0.17424197494983673,
0.2372177392244339,
0.252909779548645,
0.6914402842521667,
-0.28712034225463867,
-0.45418474078178406,
-0.3384799063205719,
0.46824386715888977,
0.3273756504058838,
0.455818235874176,
-0.4909070134162903,
0.1164868101477623,
0.5551193952560425,
-0.22135935723781586,
-0.3331044912338257,
-0.1474735289812088,
0.02169826254248619,
-0.09561444818973541,
-0.11833557486534119,
0.14277370274066925,
-0.1906442493200302,
-0.07790237665176392,
0.3305467367172241,
0.16155707836151123,
-0.47917693853378296,
0.35080695152282715,
0.044816356152296066,
0.0900634154677391,
-0.357557475566864,
-0.4055275321006775,
0.45589399337768555,
-0.06369781494140625,
-0.01602078042924404,
-0.2567407190799713,
-0.22526885569095612,
0.44394651055336,
0.017554881051182747,
0.36359718441963196,
-0.43459901213645935,
-0.5658669471740723,
0.829736590385437,
-0.12969420850276947,
-0.5991143584251404,
0.4236920475959778,
0.1364191770553589,
-0.16518807411193848,
0.20368586480617523,
-0.5284791588783264,
0.2671906054019928,
0.548551619052887,
0.09526216983795166,
0.44669800996780396,
-0.40534910559654236,
-0.475226491689682,
-0.05615866556763649,
0.15466950833797455,
0.10563603043556213,
0.14855067431926727,
0.2324061542749405,
0.03822379186749458,
0.7169018387794495,
-0.11097640544176102,
-0.8924044966697693,
0.969085156917572,
0.43591415882110596,
0.19739758968353271,
0.5302639603614807,
0.29573047161102295,
-0.4632580280303955,
0.06311207264661789,
-0.28222161531448364,
0.1463066041469574,
0.2866613566875458,
-0.2384500950574875,
0.36647844314575195,
0.2996021509170532,
-0.4722004234790802,
0.12728780508041382,
0.42479345202445984,
-0.6660819053649902,
0.09403133392333984,
0.3222637176513672,
-0.20364342629909515,
0.31428298354148865,
0.33689403533935547,
-0.13513542711734772,
-0.030658653005957603,
0.6429959535598755,
-0.4727262556552887,
-0.5389996767044067,
0.03606177121400833,
0.36991575360298157,
0.16133137047290802,
-0.23487403988838196,
-0.6231282949447632,
0.8063120245933533,
-0.34454023838043213,
-0.29496052861213684,
0.016570357605814934,
-1.0130623579025269,
-0.3661337196826935,
0.08439427614212036,
0.9793246984481812,
0.7397414445877075,
-0.6552729606628418,
0.2588191032409668,
-0.6288294196128845,
-0.17697378993034363,
0.17203359305858612,
0.2753376066684723,
-0.3230200707912445,
0.019640859216451645,
-0.013530931435525417,
0.003807459492236376,
0.17767323553562164,
-0.009185121394693851,
0.0657782182097435,
0.5153544545173645,
-0.025643860921263695,
0.16809327900409698,
-0.6672769784927368,
0.029687656089663506,
-0.17938825488090515,
0.8947957158088684,
0.6168266534805298,
-0.12004904448986053,
0.26606810092926025,
0.24119561910629272,
0.7288559675216675,
-0.03715575486421585,
0.08655039966106415,
0.3834344148635864,
-0.1425463855266571,
0.4816000163555145,
0.4300621449947357,
-0.8062454462051392,
-0.02531941793859005,
0.19167371094226837,
-0.36696121096611023,
0.6527941226959229,
0.1669844388961792,
-0.22308290004730225,
-0.026327379047870636,
-0.562978982925415,
-0.24612663686275482,
0.018622327595949173,
0.13248272240161896,
-0.6897497773170471,
-0.6182800531387329,
0.5863776206970215,
-0.7122805714607239,
-0.105733722448349,
-0.032739512622356415,
-0.4118708372116089,
0.09540555626153946,
0.3956940174102783,
-0.45076093077659607,
-0.30097857117652893,
0.007791514042764902,
0.8450031280517578,
0.56087726354599,
0.0975441262125969,
0.13738855719566345,
-0.3630253076553345,
-0.9372648000717163,
0.14435723423957825,
-0.1974656730890274,
0.16956424713134766,
-0.21719390153884888,
0.13451193273067474,
-0.5856224894523621,
0.11390475183725357,
0.17526328563690186,
0.3818909823894501,
-0.27837875485420227,
0.3746390640735626,
-0.30448049306869507,
1.2045174837112427,
0.6223970651626587,
-0.0022866821382194757,
-0.14048902690410614,
0.2832172214984894,
-0.3391280770301819,
0.39445793628692627,
0.09803617000579834,
0.6307344436645508,
0.14275161921977997,
0.26657363772392273,
-0.0905638262629509,
0.3974374830722809,
-0.5729153156280518,
0.2574295997619629,
0.04020090401172638,
0.3468688428401947,
-0.4243292510509491,
0.38937443494796753,
-0.2778274416923523,
0.5731518864631653,
0.7002266645431519,
1.012196660041809,
-0.004162829369306564,
-0.47827500104904175,
-0.6844820380210876,
-0.0843459889292717,
0.6860462427139282,
0.1017516478896141,
0.19152145087718964,
-0.17241348326206207,
-0.3348906636238098,
-0.18771502375602722,
-0.45359089970588684,
0.4816085398197174,
0.6529263854026794,
-0.09256080538034439,
0.4589933454990387,
-0.30788496136665344,
0.12936227023601532,
-0.3285955488681793,
-0.028430311009287834,
-0.04487236589193344,
0.5985369086265564,
0.36801594495773315
]
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.