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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paisley%2C%20Oregon
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Paisley, Oregon
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Paisley is a city in Lake County, Oregon, United States. It is along Oregon Route 31 between Summer Lake and Lake Abert. The population was 250 at the 2020 census.
History
There are two theories regarding the origin of the name "Paisley". One story says that Charles Mitchell Innes, from Scotland, named the place for Paisley in his home country, in about 1873. Another informant stated that the place was named by Samuel G. Steele, also a native of Scotland. Steele was the first postmaster of the Paisley post office, which was established in 1879.
Archeological sites from the 1930s at Paisley Caves and 1966 at Fort Rock give the oldest known evidence for early Native Americans. Radiocarbon dating of coprolites indicate they are from 12,750 to 14,290 years before the present.
Arts and culture
Paisley is home to an annual Mosquito Festival that raises funds for vector control. The festival is held the last full weekend of July.
Paisley is also home to the Paisley Players Community Theater, a non-profit organization with a board of directors. The group stages a play each year in the spring, either at the Community Center or the Paisley School Auditorium.
Geography
Paisley is located at an elevation of . According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all of it land. The Chewaucan River flows through the city.
Geothermal energy
Paisley sits on top of a supply of hot groundwater. In 1980 on the Colahan Ranch in Paisley, a well was unintentionally drilled into a fault, revealing the hot water. After using the water for irrigation for a time, the Colahans invited the local electricity cooperative to investigate the well's use as a geothermal energy source in 2008. The plant was expected to come online in 2013 with a projected energy output of three megawatts using grants from both Federal and State governments for up to seven million dollars. However, by July 2015 the plant had still not come online, and the costs had expanded from a projected twelve million dollars to more than twenty one million dollars, while the amount gained through government grants had fallen to only five million. The plant became operational later that year at a projected 3.1 megawatts capability. The plant was able to generate an estimated 4,129,6800 kilowatt hours of energy over the eight months it was operational during 2016 with a peak output of 2,100 kilowatts.
Climate
According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Paisley has a steppe climate, abbreviated "BSk" on climate maps.
Demographics
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 243 people, 125 households, and 67 families residing in the city. The population density was . There were 156 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 93.8% White, 2.1% African American, 1.2% Native American, 0.8% Asian, and 2.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.6% of the population.
There were 125 households, of which 25.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.8% were married couples living together, 4.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.0% had a male householder with no wife present, and 46.4% were non-families. 39.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 20% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.94 and the average family size was 2.58.
The median age in the city was 53.6 years. 17.7% of residents were under the age of 18; 4.1% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 18.1% were from 25 to 44; 33.8% were from 45 to 64; and 26.3% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.1% male and 51.9% female.
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 247 people, 115 households, and 80 families residing in the city. The population density was 556.3 people per square mile (216.7/km2). There were 176 housing units at an average density of 396.4 per square mile (154.4/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 97.98% White, 0.81% Native American, 0.40% Asian, 0.81% from other races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.21% of the population.
There were 115 households, out of which 23.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.0% were married couples living together, 7.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.6% were non-families. 26.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.15 and the average family size was 2.56.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 20.2% under the age of 18, 1.6% from 18 to 24, 20.2% from 25 to 44, 34.0% from 45 to 64, and 23.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 49 years. For every 100 females, there were 105.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 105.2 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $28,214, and the median income for a family was $30,625. Males had a median income of $21,250 versus $28,125 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,224. About 13.0% of families and 16.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 25.0% of those under the age of eighteen and 8.1% of those 65 or over.
Education
Paisley School, the only school in Paisley School District 11, enrolls students in kindergarten through grade 12.
Recreation
Recreational activities including hunting, fishing in the Chewaucan River, hiking in the nearby Fremont and Winema National Forests, hang gliding, rock hounding, and swimming in local lakes and hot springs. The Hart Mountain National Antelope Refuge, Goose Lake State Recreation Area, and a number of Oregon State Parks are within driving distance of Paisley as well. The Oregon Desert Trail passes through the town.
Transportation
Paisley Airport
References
External links
Entry for Paisley from the Oregon Blue Book
Cities in Oregon
Cities in Lake County, Oregon
1879 establishments in Oregon
Populated places established in 1879
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130837
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coburg%2C%20Oregon
|
Coburg, Oregon
|
Coburg is a city (and a National Historic District) in Lane County, Oregon, United States, north of Eugene. The city's population as of the 2010 census was 1,035.
Founded in 1847, Coburg has retained the characteristics of traditional small town with walkable and close ties to the surrounding farming communities that stretch in all directions. Maintaining these characteristics is the central part of the city's community vision process completed in 2017. (source: Travel Lane County and City of Coburg)
History
The city was originally named Diamond after John Diamond, an early pioneer in the area, on whose land claim the city was located. The city's current name comes from a stallion that was named after the Coburg district of Bavaria, Germany, from whence the horse had been imported. The Coburg Historic District was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986. The period of significance of the buildings in the district dates back to 1875. The City installed a sewer system in 2011 to 2015, leading to a new period of growth in both residential and commercial investment.
Economy
Downtown is a national historic center that includes 30 buildings on the register. Coburg is known for its attractive downtown, agricultural business connections, antique shops and annual antique fair. Beginning in 2018, Coburg will host the Pacific Northwest Marathon. (Source PNWM and City of Coburg) Several manufacturers are located along the I-5 corridor in Coburg.
Business
Coburg is headquarters for Marathon Coach Corporation, a manufacturer of luxury bus conversion motorcoaches. Marathon Coach has a manufacturing plant in Coburg, as well as plants in Grand Prairie, Texas, and San Antonio, Florida. Other businesses include APEL Extrusions.
Speed trap
Until the practice was discontinued in 2005, Coburg's city government had generated hundreds of thousands of dollars for its budget through speeding fines at a speed trap on Interstate 5 located outside of city limits. By 2003, the city was raising nearly half of its $1.7 million annual budget through traffic fines. The speed trap was temporarily ended when Floyd Prozanski, a state legislator from Eugene, sponsored bills to make the practice against the law, effective January 2004. Police Chief Hudson also lost his job, following the adoption of the new law. However, the city annexed a segment of I-5, which enabled the continuation of some revenue from traffic fines to motorists in this area.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all of it land.
Coburg is situated near the Coburg Hills.
Climate
This region experiences warm (but not hot) and semi-dry summers with some rainy days, with no average monthly temperatures above 70.4 °F. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Coburg has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate, abbreviated "Csb" on climate maps.
There are cool winters during which intense rainfall occurs. It has warm, dry summers with moderate rainfall through the summer months.
Snow in Coburg is possible in winter months due to the higher latitude.
Average December temperatures are a maximum of and a minimum of . Average August temperatures are a maximum of and a minimum of . The record high temperature was . The record low temperature was .
Average annual precipitation is . There are on annual average 152 days with measurable precipitation.
Demographics
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 1,035 people, 398 households, and 283 families living in the city. The population density was . There were 415 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 90.4% White, 0.4% African American, 0.8% Native American, 1.4% Asian, 0.6% Pacific Islander, 2.7% from other races, and 3.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 7.4% of the population.
There were 398 households, of which 33.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.0% were married couples living together, 8.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.8% had a male householder with no wife present, and 28.9% were non-families. 20.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.60 and the average family size was 3.00.
The median age in the city was 41.6 years. 23.1% of residents were under the age of 18; 8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 24% were from 25 to 44; 34.7% were from 45 to 64; and 10% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.3% male and 50.7% female.
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 969 people, 367 households, and 256 families living in the city. The population density was 1,384.1 people per square mile (534.5/km). There were 387 housing units at an average density of 552.8 per square mile (213.5/km). The racial makeup of the city was 92.67% White, 1.96% Native American, 1.14% Asian, 0.31% Pacific Islander, 0.10% African American, 1.44% from other races, and 2.37% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.99% of the population. There were 367 households, out of which 36.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.1% were married couples living together, 8.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.0% were non-families. 21.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.64 and the average family size was 3.07.
In the city, the population was 28.6% under the age of 18, 6.5% from 18 to 24, 28.8% from 25 to 44, 25.8% from 45 to 64, and 10.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.4 males. The median income for a household in the city was $47,500, and the median income for a family was $54,250. Males had a median income of $41,029 versus $26,071 for females. The per capita income for the city was $21,696. About 7.7% of families and 7.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.5% of those under age 18 and 21.6% of those age 65 or over.
Notable person
Howie Fox, baseball player
References
External links
Entry for Coburg in the Oregon Blue Book
Cities in Oregon
Cities in Lane County, Oregon
1893 establishments in Oregon
Populated places established in 1893
|
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] |
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cottage%20Grove%2C%20Oregon
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Cottage Grove, Oregon
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Cottage Grove is a city in Lane County, Oregon, United States. Its population was 9,686 at the 2010 census. It is the third largest city in Lane County. It is on Interstate 5, Oregon Route 99, and the main Willamette Valley line of the CORP railroad.
History
Cottage Grove post office was established in 1855 east of present-day Creswell. It was named by its first postmaster, G. C. Pearce, whose home was in an oak grove. In 1861, the office was moved to the present site of Saginaw; then in the late 1860s, to the southwestern-most part of present-day Cottage Grove, on the west bank of the Coast Fork Willamette River. When the Southern Pacific railroad was built through the area in the 1870s, Cottage Grove station was placed more than half a mile northeast of the post office, on the river's east side. This was the start of a neighborhood dispute that lasted for nearly 20 years. The people living near the post office did not want it moved to the railroad station, so a new office was established at the station with the name Lemati, a Chinook Jargon word that means "mountain". Lemati office ran from November 1893 to September 1894, but in March 1898 the Cottage Grove office was renamed Lemati, and ran that way until it was permanently renamed Cottage Grove in May 1898.
The only existing covered railroad bridge west of the Mississippi River, the National Register of Historic Places-listed Chambers Railroad Bridge, is in Cottage Grove. The city restored it in 2011, reopening it on December 3.
Cottage Grove received the All-America City Award by the National Civic League in 1968 and 2004. It has been recognized as a Tree City USA by The Arbor Day Foundation for over a decade. In October 2008, it was the 17th city in the United States to be recognized as a Green Power Community.
Lemati
Cottage Grove was incorporated in 1887, but the people on its east side rebelled in 1893 and founded East Cottage Grove. The Oregon State Legislature changed its name to Lemati in 1895; the station's signboard said "Cottage Grove", and "Lemati" in smaller letters. In 1899 an act was passed that consolidated the two towns as Cottage Grove.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which, is land and is water.
Cottage Grove lies south of the confluence of the Row River and the Coast Fork of the Willamette River. This confluence effectively marks the southern end of the Willamette Valley.
Climate
This region experiences warm (but not hot) and dry summers, with no average monthly temperatures above . According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Cottage Grove has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate, abbreviated "Csb" on climate maps.
Demographics
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 9,686 people, 3,895 households, and 2,469 families living in the city. The population density was . There were 4,154 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 90.4% White, 0.3% African American, 1.3% Native American, 1.1% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 3.1% from other races, and 3.8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 8.0% of the population.
There were 3,895 households, of which 32.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.8% were married couples living together, 14.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.9% had a male householder with no wife present, and 36.6% were non-families. 29.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 3.02.
The median age in the city was 38.3 years. 24.4% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.5% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 25.1% were from 25 to 44; 25.3% were from 45 to 64; and 16.5% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.0% male and 52.0% female.
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 8,445 people, 3,264 households, and 2,183 families living in the city. The population density was 2,561.6 people per square mile (988.1/km). There were 3,430 housing units at an average density of 1,040.4 per square mile (401.3/km). The racial makeup of the city was 92.84% White, 0.15% African American, 1.21% Native American, 0.92% Asian, 0.09% Pacific Islander, 1.55% from other races, and 3.23% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.94% of the population. There were 3,264 households, out of which 33.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.4% were married couples living together, 13.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.1% were non-families. 28.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.54 and the average family size was 3.05.
In the city, the population dispersal was 27.4% under the age of 18, 8.5% from 18 to 24, 26.4% from 25 to 44, 21.7% from 45 to 64, and 16.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.5 males. The median income for a household in the city was $30,442, and the median income for a family was $37,457. Males had a median income of $30,775 versus $23,485 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,550. About 15.6% of families and 19.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 29.0% of those under age 18 and 13.0% of those age 65 or over.
Arts and culture
Annual cultural events
The largest festivals in Cottage Grove are Bohemia Mining Days and the Western Oregon Exposition Heritage Fair & Logging Show.
Museums and other points of interest
Cottage Grove is known as the "Covered Bridge Capital of The West" with six covered bridges near the city. Five of the six bridges, Chambers Covered Bridge, Currin Bridge, Dorena Bridge, Mosby Creek Bridge, and Stewart Bridge, are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Centennial Covered Bridge is a replica bridge constructed from materials salvaged from dismantled bridges. The Swinging Bridge is a historic suspension footbridge.
It is home to 21 murals throughout downtown reflecting the community's history, as well as the Cottage Theatre.
Cottage Grove has four museums:
The Cottage Grove Historical Museum, filled with vintage photographs and artifacts, including a coat worn by a survivor of the RMS Titanic 1912 shipwreck
The Bohemia Gold Mining Museum, illustrating the area's gold mining history in the nearby Bohemia Mining District
The Oregon Aviation History Center, preserving Oregon's rich aviation history, including some vintage aircraft restoration projects.
The Dr. Snapp House, with artifacts of early medical practices; built in 1886 by one of the community's first doctors, the Queen Anne-style home is owned and maintained by the Prospectors and Gold Diggers Club.
Film location
Several films have been filmed in Cottage Grove:
Buster Keaton's The General (1926) in town and the surrounding countryside; it included a spectacular locomotive crash, and the wrecked train was a minor tourist attraction until it was dismantled for scrap during World War II
Emperor of the North Pole (1973)
Parts of Animal House (1978); its 25th-anniversary release was celebrated by the citizens with a toga party on August 30, 2003, on Main Street, where the movie's climactic parade sequence was filmed
(1986) Portions Stand By Me, along the railroad tracks east of town (now the Row River National Recreation Trail, a bicycle and walking trail)
Ricochet River (1997) starring Kate Hudson
Sports
Cottage Grove has two golf courses: Middlefield and Hidden Valley. Middlefield also has a disc golf course.
Parks and recreation
Dorena Lake and Cottage Grove Lake are near the city. There is also a system of cycle trails at Mosby Creek.
Education
The South Lane School District serves Cottage Grove and the surrounding area. Cottage Grove High School, Al Kennedy High School, Lincoln Middle School, Bohemia and Harrison elementary schools and the Academy for Character Education are in the city. Lane Community College has a Cottage Grove satellite campus offering credit and enrichment courses.
Media
The Chronicle (first published in 1909) is the oldest locally owned newspaper in southern Willamette Valley. Published weekly by Nash Publishing Group, it focuses on hyper-local coverage from Cottage Grove to Creswell to Springfield and other local communities. The company also owns chronicle1909.com, Emerald Valley Magazine, and the annual Emerald Valley Almanac.
The Cottage Grove Sentinel (circulation of 3,331) is the city's weekly newspaper. KNND is its local radio station.
Infrastructure
Transportation
Air
Jim Wright Field is a public airport serving small general aviation aircraft, located one mile (1.6 km) east of Cottage Grove.
Bus
Lane Transit District runs bus service to nearby Eugene and Springfield. South Lane Wheels runs shuttle service in downtown Cottage Grove.
Notable people
Diane Downs
Dyrol Burleson
Richard Swift
Opal Whiteley
Tulku Jigme Thrinley Rinpoche (notable Buddhist teacher in the Vajrayana tradition)
See also
List of Oregon covered bridges
References
External links
Entry for Cottage Grove in the Oregon Blue Book
Cottage Grove in the Oral History Archive
Willamette Valley
Cities in Oregon
Cities in Lane County, Oregon
1855 establishments in Oregon Territory
Populated places on the Willamette River
Populated places established in 1855
Railway towns in Oregon
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130839
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creswell%2C%20Oregon
|
Creswell, Oregon
|
Creswell is a city in the Willamette Valley of Lane County, Oregon, United States, located south of Eugene, Oregon. The population at the 2010 census was 5,031.
History
The first store opened at Creswell in 1872, and a town sprang up around it. The city was named for John Creswell, 23rd United States Postmaster General. A post office has been in operation in Creswell since 1872.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which, is land and is water.
Demographics
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 5,031 people, 1,906 households, and 1,366 families living in the city. The population density was . There were 2,023 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 89.6% White, 0.4% African American, 1.0% Native American, 1.0% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 4.1% from other races, and 3.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 8.6% of the population.
There were 1,906 households, of which 37.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.2% were married couples living together, 12.6% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.8% had a male householder with no wife present, and 28.3% were non-families. 21.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.61 and the average family size was 3.01.
The median age in the city was 35.7 years. 26.8% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 28.9% were from 25 to 44; 25.7% were from 45 to 64; and 11.8% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.7% male and 51.3% female.
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 3,579 people, 1,271 households, and 911 families living in the city. The population density was 2,957.0 people per square mile (1,142.0/km). There were 1,343 housing units at an average density of 1,109.6 per square mile (428.5/km). The racial makeup of the city was 89.02% White, 0.31% African American, 1.82% Native American, 0.53% Asian, 0.17% Pacific Islander, 4.08% from other races, and 4.08% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 7.01% of the population. There were 1,271 households, out of which 41.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.1% were married couples living together, 13.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.3% were non-families. 21.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.77 and the average family size was 3.21.
In the city, the population 31.3% under the age of 18, 8.5% from 18 to 24, 30.8% from 25 to 44, 18.4% from 45 to 64, and 11.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.7 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $34,053, and the median income for a family was $40,709. Males had a median income of $28,583 versus $22,917 for females. The per capita income for the city was $13,736. About 15.3% of families and 19.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24.1% of those under age 18 and 5.3% of those age 65 or over.
Parks and recreation
Creswell is the home of the Emerald Valley Golf Club. The course is located on along the west bank of the Willamette River's Coast Fork. It was built in 1966 by James and Eugene Russell. After a series of owners, businessman Jim Pliska bought the golf course in 2002. Today, Emerald Valley Golf Club is the home of the University of Oregon golf team.
Education
The Creswell School District has three schools: Creslane Elementary School, Creswell Middle School, and Creswell High School.
Media
The Creswell Chronicle is the city's weekly newspaper
Controversy
On 4th July 2021 citizens held an unauthorized Independence Day parade after the city cancelled the official one.
Transportation
The city has a general aviation airport, Hobby Field, (IATA airport code:77S, ICAO airport code: 77S), and is located on Interstate 5 and Oregon Route 99. Lane County Transit (LTD) has limited bus service to Creswell.
Notable people
Mark Few, head coach for the Gonzaga Bulldogs men's basketball team
Luke Jackson, basketball player
References
External links
Entry for Creswell in the Oregon Blue Book
Cities in Oregon
Cities in Lane County, Oregon
1909 establishments in Oregon
Populated places established in 1909
|
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130840
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunes%20City%2C%20Oregon
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Dunes City, Oregon
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Dunes City is a city in Lane County, Oregon, United States. The population was 1,303 at the 2010 census.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which, is land and is water.
Demographics
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 1,303 people, 609 households, and 407 families living in the city. The population density was . There were 845 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 95.4% White, 0.2% African American, 0.7% Native American, 0.7% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.4% from other races, and 2.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.7% of the population.
There were 609 households, of which 16.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.1% were married couples living together, 5.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 33.2% were non-families. 25.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.14 and the average family size was 2.51.
The median age in the city was 59.4 years. 13.4% of residents were under the age of 18; 3.2% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 10.9% were from 25 to 44; 37% were from 45 to 64; and 35.5% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 50.5% male and 49.5% female.
2000 census
At the 2000 census, there were 1,241 people, 558 households and 414 families living in the city. The population density was 463.3 per square mile (178.8/km). There were 705 housing units at an average density of 263.2 per square mile (101.6/km). The racial makeup of the city was 97.02% White, 0.08% African American, 1.37% Native American, 0.48% Asian, 0.08% Pacific Islander, 0.08% from other races, and 0.89% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.21% of the population.
There were 558 households, of which 18.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 67.6% were married couples living together, 5.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.8% were non-families. 21.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.22 and the average family size was 2.55.
Age distribution was 16.8% under the age of 18, 2.6% from 18 to 24, 16.1% from 25 to 44, 37.1% from 45 to 64, and 27.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 53 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.5 males.
The median household income city was $39,100, and the median family income was $47,574. Males had a median income of $34,167 versus $25,417 for females. The per capita income for the city was $27,048, about 8.5% of families and 10.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.5% of those under age 18 and 7.6% of those age 65 or over.
References
External links
Entry for Dunes City in the Oregon Blue Book
Cities in Oregon
Populated coastal places in Oregon
Cities in Lane County, Oregon
1963 establishments in Oregon
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] |
130841
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence%2C%20Oregon
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Florence, Oregon
|
Florence is a coastal city in Lane County, in the U.S. state of Oregon. It lies at the mouth of the Siuslaw River on the Pacific Ocean and about midway between Newport and Coos Bay along U.S. Route 101. As of the 2020 census, the city had a total population of 8,921.
History
The Florence area was originally inhabited by the Siuslaw tribe of Native Americans. Some claim that the city was named after state senator A. B. Florence, who represented Lane County from 1858 to 1860; another claim is that Florence was named after a French vessel that was wrecked at the mouth of the Siuslaw River on February 17, 1875.
Exploding whale
On November 12, 1970, Florence was the site of a famous scene, when town authorities used 20 cases of explosives to try to blow up a dead beached whale, with unintended consequences. In 2020 residents voted to name a new park Exploding Whale Memorial Park.
Geography and climate
Florence is located on the Oregon Coast at the mouth of the Siuslaw River immediately north of Oregon Dunes National Recreation Area, at about the same latitude as Eugene, Oregon. It is approximately midway between the other major central Oregon coastal cities of Newport and Coos Bay. Florence annexed Driftwood Shores hotel and conference center north of town in Heceta Beach in 2008.
The unincorporated community of Glenada lies just across the Siuslaw on U.S. Route 101 to the south of Florence, and the city of Yachats is to the north.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which is land and is water.
Demographics
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 8,466 people, 4,226 households, and 2,374 families living in the city. The population density was . There were 5,103 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 92.5% White, Pacific Islander, 1.4% 1.3% Native American, 1.0% Asian, 0.3% African American,0.3%, Pacific Islander, 1.4% from other races, and 3.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.4% of the population.
There were 4,226 households, of which 15.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.7% were married couples living together, 9.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 43.8% were non-families. 37.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 21.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.98 and the average family size was 2.51.
The median age in the city was 57 years. 13.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 5.9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 15.5% were from 25 to 44; 28.4% were from 45 to 64; and 36.4% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 46.4% male and 53.6% female.
2000 census
Per the census of 2000, there were 7,263 people, 3,564 households, and 2,145 families living in the city. The 2007 population estimate was 8,270. The population density was 1,476.3 people per square mile (570.0/km). There were 4,174 housing units at an average density of 848.4 per square mile (327.6/km). The racial makeup of the city was 95.88% White, 0.28% African American, 0.92% Native American, 0.55% Asian, 0.14% Pacific Islander, 0.56% from other races, and 1.67% from two or more races. 2.37% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. There were 3,564 households, out of which 16.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.6% were married couples living together, 9.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.8% were non-families. 34.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 21.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.02 and the average family size was 2.52.
In the city, the population dispersal was 16.8% under the age of 18, 5.0% from 18 to 24, 16.0% from 25 to 44, 23.9% from 45 to 64, and 38.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 56 years. For every 100 females, there were 84.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 82.1 males. The median income for a household in the city was $30,505, and the median income for a family was $36,784. Males had a median income of $30,962 versus $23,878 for females. The per capita income for the city was $18,008. 14.4% of the population and 10.0% of families were below the poverty line. 25.9% of those under the age of 18 and 8.3% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.
Economy
The former mainstays of Florence's economy were logging, commercial fishing, and agriculture, but today tourism is increasingly significant. Some local businesses include Sand Master Park, Mo's Restaurants and Three Rivers Casino Resort, which is run by the Confederated Tribes of Coos, Lower Umpqua and Siuslaw Indians. The Port of Siuslaw promotes commercial fishing, shipping and tourism. About one-third of Florence's population consists of retirees.
Arts and culture
Annual cultural events
Florence has hosted the Rhododendron Festival annually since 1908.
Museums and other points of interest
The Siuslaw Pioneer Museum is located in a historic 1905 schoolhouse.
Old Town Florence is located on the Siuslaw riverfront. The Port of Siuslaw marina is to the east, and the Art Deco 1936 Siuslaw River Bridge is to the west. The boardwalk promenade was built along the marina to improve the area. Many businesses are on US101 itself, which runs through the town, north to south.
North of Florence on U.S. Route 101 are the Sea Lion Caves, a tourist attraction that features a sea cave that is the year-round home of a population of Steller sea lions.
Historic buildings
Historic buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in the Florence area include the Edwin E. Benedict House, a deteriorating house on the Siuslaw River that is said to have been Ken Kesey's inspiration for the Stamper House in his novel Sometimes a Great Notion, Heceta Head Lighthouse and Keepers Quarters, Jessie M. Honeyman Memorial State Park Historic District, the Siuslaw River Bridge, and the William Kyle and Sons Building in Old Town.
Parks and recreation
There are several parks and other sites managed by the Oregon Parks and Recreation Department near Florence, including Darlingtonia State Natural Site and Heceta Head Lighthouse at Devil's Elbow to the north, and Jessie M. Honeyman Memorial State Park to the south. The Oregon Dunes National Recreation Area, managed as part of the Siuslaw National Forest, begins south of Florence.
Education
Florence is served by the three-school Siuslaw School District, which includes Siuslaw Elementary School, Siuslaw Middle School, and Siuslaw High School. Lane Community College has a center in Florence.
Media
The Siuslaw News is a twice-weekly newspaper published in Florence. The Eugene newspaper, The Register-Guard, is also distributed in Florence.
KXCR, 90.7 FM, is a 501(c)(3), non-profit, non-commercial, community radio station.
Locally owned and operated radio stations KCST-FM and KCFM (AM) provide music, news, local and regional sports, and emergency public service programming 24 hours a day.
Radio translator K211BP rebroadcasts KRVM-FM from Eugene.
Non-profit organization West Lane Translator, Inc. maintains licenses and transmission facilities for five High Definition television translators, as well as 6 FM radio translators providing free over-the-air programming to the Florence area. It is also the license holder for Florence's community radio station KXCR, 90.7 FM.
Transportation
Highways
U.S. Route 101
Oregon Route 126
Air
Florence Municipal Airport
Healthcare
Peace Harbor Hospital serves western Lane County. It is also one of the area's largest employers.
Sister city
Florence had one sister city:
Yamagata, Japan - Yamagata-shi was established in 2003 by the merger of Ijira (Florence's former sister-city), Takatomi, and Miyama.
See also
Kyllo v. United States, a Supreme Court case involving a Florence resident
References
External links
Entry for Florence in the Oregon Blue Book
Cities in Oregon
Populated coastal places in Oregon
Cities in Lane County, Oregon
Oregon Coast
Port cities in Oregon
1893 establishments in Oregon
Populated places established in 1893
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karlshamn%20Municipality
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Karlshamn Municipality
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Karlshamn Municipality (Karlshamns kommun) is a municipality in Blekinge County in South Sweden in southern Sweden. It borders to Olofström Municipality, Sölvesborg Municipality, Ronneby Municipality and Tingsryd Municipality. The city of Karlshamn is the seat of the municipality.
Administrative territory
1863 at the time of first municipal legislation in Sweden, the area was divided into the City of Karlshamn and five rural municipalities. 1881 a further subdivision was made by Asarum into Ringamåla. The administrative reform in 1952 reduced the number of municipalities surrounding the town to Hällaryd (Hällaryds plus Åryds municipalities), Asarum (reunition of Asarum and Ringamåla), Mörrum (municipalities Elleholm plus Mörrum). In 1/1 1967 the town of Karlshamn was united with Asarum, Hällaryd och Mörrum to form the present municipality when all local government units in Sweden became municipalities of unitary type..
Localities
There are 6 urban areas (also called a Tätort or locality) in Karlshamn Municipality.
In the table the localities are listed according to the size of the population as of December 31, 2010. The municipal seat is in bold characters.
Totally, 31.000 people live in Karlshamn which makes it the second largest municipality in Blekinge County.
Government and politics
Distribution of the 51 seats in the municipal assembly (kommunfullmäktige] after the 2010 election:
Social Democratic Party 20
Moderate Party 11
Green Party 5
Sweden Democrats 5
Centre Party 3
Liberal People's Party 3
Left Party 2
Christian Democrats 1
Communist Party 1
Results of the 2010 Swedish general election in Karlshamn:
Social Democratic Party 37.3%
Moderate Party 26.3%
Sweden Democrats 9.4%
Green Party 6.3%
Left Party 6.1%
Liberal People's Party 5.3%
Centre Party 5.0%
Christian Democrats 3.5%
Economy
The municipal tax is deducted as a percentage of individual citizens income. It is 21.89% 2009. The average personal income in the municipality was 158594 SEK year 2009. This is 96% of the national average (SCB). The council also derives income from the municipal harbour, the energy services etc.
Parishes
Parishes ordered by city and hundreds:
Karlshamn
Karlshamn Parish
Bräkne Hundred
Asarum Parish
Hällaryd Parish
Mörrum Parish
Ringamåla Parish
Åryd Parish
Lister Hundred
Elleholm Parish
Mörrum Parish
References
Statistics Sweden
External links
Karlshamn Municipality - Official site
Coat of arms
Municipalities of Blekinge County
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130844
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karlskrona%20Municipality
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Karlskrona Municipality
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Karlskrona Municipality (Karlskrona kommun) is a municipality in Blekinge County in South Sweden in southern Sweden. It borders to Emmaboda Municipality, Torsås Municipality and Ronneby Municipality. The city of Karlskrona is the seat of the municipality.
Like most Swedish municipalities it was created during the municipal reform in the early seventies, combining several earlier local government units of urban and rural type, among them the City of Karlskrona.
Localities
There are 18 urban areas (also called a Tätort or locality) in Karlskrona Municipality.
In the table the localities are listed according to the size of the population as of December 31, 2005. The municipal seat is in bold characters.
Parishes
Parishes ordered by city and hundreds:
Karlskrona
Karlskrona City Parish
Royal Karlskrona Admiralty Parish
Eastern Hundred
Augerum Parish
Flymen Parish
Jämjö Parish
Kristianopel Parish
Lösen Parish
Ramdala Parish
Rödeby Parish
Sturkö Parish
Torhamn Parish
Virserum Parish
Medelstad Hundred
Aspö Parish
Fridlevstad Parish
Hasslö Parish
Nättraby Parish
Sillhövda Parish
Tving Parish
Hästö
International relations
Twin towns - sister cities
Karlskrona is twinned with:
Ólafsfjörður, Iceland
Aizpute, Latvia
Baltiysk, Russia
Gdynia, Poland
Hillerød, Denmark
Horten, Norway
Klaipėda, Lithuania
Loviisa, Finland
Rostock, Germany
See also
Swedish Coast Guard
Blekinge Institute of Technology
Swedish National Maritime Museums
References
Statistics Sweden
External links
Karlskrona Municipality - Official site
Mitt Karlskrona - Swedish Karlskrona city guide
Coat of arms
Municipalities of Blekinge County
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olofstr%C3%B6m%20Municipality
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Olofström Municipality
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Olofström Municipality () is the only landlocked municipality in Blekinge County, South Sweden. It borders to Osby Municipality, Kristianstad Municipality, Bromölla Municipality, Sölvesborg Municipality, Karlshamn Municipality, Tingsryd Municipality, and Älmhult Municipality. The town of Olofström is the seat of the municipality.
The amalgamation of the former units in this area took place in 1967 when the market town Olofström (itself detached from Jämshög in 1941) was merged with Kyrkhult and Jämshög.
Notable person that Olofström counts as theirs is Nobel Prize winning author Harry Martinson (1904-1978; prize in 1974) who was born in Jämshög within the municipality.
Geography
The municipality is covered with forests and lakes. It labels itself "The southernmost wildlife in Sweden", probably because there are scarcely any forests or lakes south of the Blekinge province.
The highest point in the province and county of Blekinge, Rävabacken (189,65 m), is located in the northern part of the municipality.
Urban areas
There are 5 localities classified as urban areas (tätort in Swedish) in Olofström Municipality. In addition to that, there is one more recognized locality.
In the table the urban areas and localities are listed according to the size of the population as of December 31, 2006. The municipal seat is in bold characters.
Parishes
Jämshög Parish
Kyrkhult Parish
Industry
The increased use of cars in the 1950s and 60's was the great boost for the municipality. Today the car industry, dominated by Volvo Cars, is the largest employer in Olofström with 2,400 employees, and some more working in other companies connected to this industry. The Volvo industry, with related production, is probably the main reason that the municipality's commuting surplus (as of 2005) is almost 2,000 a day, with many workers coming from the neighboring municipalities of a.o. Bromölla, Karlshamn and Sölvesborg.
Vilshult is a small village within the municipality, situated 10 km north of the central locality of Olofström. It is recognised for a photovoltaics (PV) modules factory that has been located there since 2001.
References
External links
Olofström - Official site
Tourism Olofström - International
Municipalities of Blekinge County
|
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130846
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronneby%20Municipality
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Ronneby Municipality
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Ronneby Municipality (Ronneby kommun) is a municipality in Blekinge County in South Sweden in southern Sweden. It borders to Tingsryd Municipality, Emmaboda Municipality, Karlskrona Municipality and Karlshamn Municipality. The town of Ronneby is the seat of the municipality.
The present municipality was created in 1967 through the amalgamation of the City of Ronneby with three surrounding units.
Localities
There are 8 urban areas (also called a Tätort or locality) in Ronneby Municipality.
In the table the localities are listed according to the size of the population as of December 31, 2010. The municipal seat is in bold characters.
Politics
Ronneby was run by the Social Democratic Party for over 80 consecutive years, until a right wing coalition won the election in 2010. This coalition consists of the Moderate Party (23,5 %), the Center Party (11,8 %), the Peoples Party (5,7%), the Christian Democrats (1,8%) and the Ronneby Party (7,2%). The chairman of the municipal board of directors is moderate Roger Fredriksson.
The Ronneby Party is a party with local interests formed before the national election of 1994. In 1998 the party had got 6.3% of the votes and three seats in the municipal council. In 2002 the vote share was reduced to 3.0%.
Parishes
Parishes ordered by hundreds:
Bräkne Hundred
Bräkne-Hoby Parish
Öljehult Parish
Medelstad Hundred
Backaryd Parish
Edestad Parish
Eringsboda Parish
Förkärla Parish
Hjortsberga Parish
Listerby Parish
Ronneby Parish
International relations
Bornholm, Denmark
Mänttä, Finland
Steglitz-Zehlendorf, Germany
Schopfheim, Germany
Høyanger, Norway
Elbląg, Poland
Slavsk, Russia
Enfield, Connecticut, United States
Johnson City, Tennessee, United States
References
External links
Municipalities of Blekinge County
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130847
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B6lvesborg%20Municipality
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Sölvesborg Municipality
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Sölvesborg Municipality (Sölvesborgs kommun) is a municipality in Blekinge County in South Sweden in southern Sweden. It borders to Bromölla Municipality, Olofström Municipality and Karlshamn Municipality. The town Sölvesborg is the seat of the municipality.
The present municipality was formed in 1971 when the City of Sölvesborg was amalgamated with the rural municipalities Gammalstorp and Mjällby.
Politics
The Sölvesborg Party was formed ahead of the 2002 election by a group of former Green Party members. Party councillors are Dan Boberg and Bo Sandquist.
In the 2002 elections the party got 4.7% of the votes (472 votes) and two seats in the municipal assembly (kommunfullmäktige)
In the 2006 elections the party got 2.7% of the votes (277 votes) and one seat in the municipal assembly.
The municipality otherwise reflect the same political majorities as in its neighbouring municipalities of Bromölla, Olofström and Karlshamn.
In December 2018 Louise Erixon, partner of Jimmie Åkesson, the populist party's leader of Sweden Democrats, was made mayor of Sölvesborg.
Localities
There are 10 urban areas (also called a Tätort or locality) in Sölvesborg Municipality.
In the table the localities are listed according to the size of the population as of December 31, 2005. The municipal seat is in bold characters.
A minor part of Valje is also situated in the municipality. The main part of Valje is, however, in Bromölla Municipality.
Parishes
All parishes belonged to Lister Hundred:
Gammalstorp Parish
Mjällby Parish
Sölvesborg Parish
Ysane Parish
International relations
Twin towns — Sister cities
Sölvesborg is twinned with:
Bornholm in Denmark (since 1947, until 2003 Nexø)
Malbork in Poland (since 1999)
Wolgast in Germany (since 1994)
Sortavala in Russia (since 1997)
Ukmerge in Lithuania (since 2000)
References
External links
Sölvesborg Municipality - Official site
Municipalities of Blekinge County
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junction%20City%2C%20Oregon
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Junction City, Oregon
|
Junction City is a city in Lane County, Oregon, United States. Its population was 5,392 at the 2010 census.
History
In the 1870s, Junction City was named by railroad magnate Ben Holladay, who decided that this would be where the rail line on the east side of the Willamette Valley would meet the rail line on the west side. The westside line, however, was not built according to plan, although Junction City later was where the two main branches of U.S. Route 99 (which divided in Portland) would rejoin. The city was incorporated in 1872.
Junction City gained media attention from major outlets such as CNN, Fox News, and The Today Show in 2003, when a number of local men posed in the nude for "The Men of the Long Tom Grange Calendar" to raise money for the local school district. The project raised over $265,000 for local schools and brought national attention to the issue of school funding.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all of it land.
Climate
This region experiences warm (but not hot) and dry summers, with no average monthly temperatures above . According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Junction City has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate, abbreviated "Csb" on climate maps.
Demographics
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 5,392 people, 2,184 households, and 1,394 families living in the city. The population density was . There were 2,323 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 90.4% White, 0.7% African American, 1.3% Native American, 0.6% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 3.7% from other races, and 3.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 9.0% of the population.
There were 2,184 households, of which 33.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.0% were married couples living together, 13.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.8% had a male householder with no wife present, and 36.2% were non-families. 28.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.43 and the average family size was 2.93.
The median age in the city was 36 years. 25% of residents were under the age of 18; 9.1% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 26.4% were from 25 to 44; 24.4% were from 45 to 64; and 15.1% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.8% male and 52.2% female.
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 4,721 people, 1,823 households, and 1,170 families living in the city. The population density was 3,405.1 people per square mile (1,311.4/km). There were 1,921 housing units at an average density of 1,385.5 per square mile (533.6/km). The racial makeup of the city was 91.21% White, 0.30% African American, 1.23% Native American, 0.59% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 3.66% from other races, and 2.97% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 8.28% of the population. There were 1,823 households, out of which 34.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.5% were married couples living together, 10.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.8% were non-families. 30.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.51 and the average family size was 3.15.
In the city, the population was 27.1% under the age of 18, 10.5% from 18 to 24, 27.9% from 25 to 44, 19.6% from 45 to 64, and 14.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.5 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $35,347, and the median income for a family was $43,875. Males had a median income of $31,044 versus $21,757 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,155. About 6.3% of families and 8.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.7% of those under age 18 and 14.5% of those age 65 or over.
Economy
Junction City is home to a large and eclectic farming community, the bulk of which is made up of several large family-owned farms. Lochmead Farms, one of the largest privately owned dairy farms in the Pacific Northwest, is owned and operated by the Gibson family. Stroda Farms, a high-volume Christmas tree and general crop farm, is privately owned and operated by the Stroda family. The city was the home of Country Coach, a large luxury motorcoach manufacturer, which went bankrupt in November 2009. It was also the home of Monaco Coach Corporation prior to their move to nearby Coburg. In March 2015, the Oregon State Hospital opened a Junction City Campus with the capacity to serve 174 people with mental illness.
Annual events
Junction City is home to the Scandinavian Festival, an annual four-day event which pays homage to the cultures of Denmark, Finland, Norway, Sweden, and Iceland; held mid-August.
The Daffodil Drive Festival is a two-day event held each year in mid-March. It features a drive along Ferguson Road, which leads to the Long Tom Grange, where visitors can purchase daffodil bulbs and other goods.
Education
The city is served by the Junction City School District, which includes Junction City High School.
Notable people
Bobby Doerr, Major League Baseball player, member of National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum
Kate Elliott, fantasy and science fiction writer
Ty Harden, Major League Soccer player
Eric Hays, basketball player and coach
Buster B. Jones, American fingerpicking-style guitar player
Derek Humphry, founder of the Hemlock Society
Walter McClure, track and field athlete
Dmae Roberts, public radio producer, writer, actress, and playwright
Dave Wilcox, American football player, member of Pro Football Hall of Fame
Justin Wilcox, American football coach
John N. Williamson, politician
Charity Dean, disease control expert and assistant director of California's Department of Public Health
References
External links
Entry for Junction City in the Oregon Blue Book
Cities in Oregon
Cities in Lane County, Oregon
1872 establishments in Oregon
Populated places established in 1872
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] |
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lowell%2C%20Oregon
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Lowell, Oregon
|
Lowell is a city in Lane County, in the U.S. state of Oregon. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 1,045. The city is on the north shore of Dexter Reservoir on the Middle Fork Willamette River. The most used route to Lowell is along Lowell Bridge, a covered bridge that crosses the reservoir from Oregon Route 58.
History
A post office called Lowell has been in operation since 1883. The city was named after Lowell, Maine.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which, is land and is water. The town of Lowell is surrounded by three reservoirs, respectively Dexter, Lookout Point, and Fall Creek. This makes the town a popular recreation area for people from Eugene and Springfield.
Climate
The climate of Lowell differs slightly from that of Eugene, which is at lower elevation. Lowell receives more of rain and more of snow per year than Eugene. In central Lane County, that two inches is significant considering the lack of snow. The higher areas of the town receive more snow and rain as well. Wedged among three reservoirs, it experiences thick winter fog.
Demographics
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 1,045 people, 397 households, and 298 families living in the city. The population density was . There were 436 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 90.9% White, 1.7% Native American, 0.7% Asian, 0.7% from other races, and 6.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.5% of the population.
There were 397 households, of which 35.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.9% were married couples living together, 10.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 6.0% had a male householder with no wife present, and 24.9% were non-families. 19.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 3.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.63 and the average family size was 2.97.
The median age in the city was 39 years. 27.5% of residents were under the age of 18; 4% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 26.8% were from 25 to 44; 32.7% were from 45 to 64; and 9.1% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 50.8% male and 49.2% female.
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 857 people, 315 households, and 236 families living in the city. The population density was 930.3 people per square mile (359.7/km). There were 342 housing units at an average density of 371.2 per square mile (143.5/km). The racial makeup of the city was 91.83% White, 1.98% Native American, 0.23% Asian, 0.23% Pacific Islander, 1.28% from other races, and 4.43% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.55% of the population. There were 315 households, out of which 37.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.4% were married couples living together, 13.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.8% were non-families. 18.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.72 and the average family size was 3.10.
In the city, the population was 27.9% under the age of 18, 10.5% from 18 to 24, 29.6% from 25 to 44, 23.8% from 45 to 64, and 8.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.1 males. The median income for a household in the city was $35,536, and the median income for a family was $41,563. Males had a median income of $31,484 versus $18,125 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,078. 11.5% of the population and 8.3% of families were below the poverty line. 18.6% of those under the age of 18 and 2.8% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.
See also
Jones Fire
References
External links
Entry for Lowell in the Oregon Blue Book
Cities in Oregon
Cities in Lane County, Oregon
1954 establishments in Oregon
Populated places on the Willamette River
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oakridge%2C%20Oregon
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Oakridge, Oregon
|
Oakridge is a city in Lane County, Oregon, United States. The population was 3,205 as of the 2010 census. It is located east of Westfir on Oregon Route 58, about east of Eugene and southeast of Portland. Surrounded by the Willamette National Forest and the Cascade Range, Oakridge is popular with outdoor enthusiasts for its hiking, mountain biking, wildflowers, fly fishing, birding, watersports, and the nearby Willamette Pass Resort.
The city was originally a community called "Hazeldell", and its post office was established on July 26, 1888. When a station on the Southern Pacific Railroad opened in May 1912, it was named "Oak Ridge" by a railroad executive for the surrounding topography, and on July 19 of that year the name was changed to be spelled as a single word.
The economy of Oakridge and nearby Westfir is centered on recreation. In the 20th century, there were two sawmills that processed logs from nearby timberland—an Oakridge mill owned by the Pope and Talbot Lumber Company and an Edward Hines mill in Westfir. Both of the mills had closed by 1985. Since then the economy has been transitioning, with a new general store opening in 2010, a bakery in 2011, and a brewery and mercantile.
History
The area now known as Oakridge was first explored in 1852 as a possible route for pioneers coming from Central Oregon to the Willamette Valley. A post office was named "Hazeldell" in 1888, and the place's name later changed to "Big Prairie", and then "Oak Ridge". In 1912, a new community was formed and officially named Oakridge. Since its beginnings as a mountain ranch, Oakridge has been a railroad boomtown, a lumberjacks' haven, and an outdoor enthusiast's destination.
The early boom for Oakridge can be attributed to the Southern Pacific Railroad. By 1910, work had already begun on Tunnel 22, a short route connecting Oakridge to the area now known as Westfir. Oakridge was a station on Southern Pacific's Cascade subdivision, a line that goes over Willamette Pass via the Natron Cutoff that was built in 1926, and the railroad played an integral part of the economy and lifestyle in Oakridge. The Union Pacific Railroad still operates the rails and trains are a common sight in Oakridge. Today, Amtrak's Coast Starlight passes through the town but does not stop.
On July 2, 1946, the Pope and Talbot Lumber Company purchased timberland near Oakridge. By 1948, the company had built a large sawmill and had begun a massive timber logging operation. While the railroad and Westfir's Hines sawmill began to slow down, the Pope and Talbot mill expanded and eventually employed more than 500 people. The combined economic base of the railroad and sawmills accounted for the population growth of the 1960s and 1970s, when the community of Willamette City was consolidated into Oakridge. However, in 1978, the Hines mill in Westfir closed, and by 1985 the Pope and Talbot Mill had laid off all of its workers. The City of Oakridge now owns the property that formerly housed the Pope and Talbot sawmill.
In February 2019, an Amtrak Coast Starlight train was stranded near Oakridge for over 36 hours, after a rare heavy snowstorm.
Geography
Oakridge sits at an elevation ranging from above sea level. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which is land and is water.
Oakridge lies in a small valley in the foothills of the Cascade Range and is completely surrounded by the Willamette National Forest. Five streams are located in and around Oakridge; they are Salmon Creek, Salt Creek, Hills Creek, and the Middle and North forks of the Willamette River, the latter of which has been designated Wild and Scenic. Diamond Peak, a shield volcano located in the nearby Diamond Peak Wilderness to the southeast, can be seen from various spots in and around Oakridge. Waldo Lake, known as one of the purest lakes in the world, and Salt Creek Falls, one of the largest waterfalls in Oregon, are located about east of town.
Climate
This region experiences warm and dry summers, with average monthly temperatures around . According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Oakridge has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate, abbreviated "Csb" on climate maps. Oakridge is located below the snow line for the Cascades making it the last stop from Eugene on Highway 58 where chains are not necessary.
Demographics
As of the census of 2010, there were 3,205 people (up from 3,148 people at the 2000 census), 1,437 households, and 849 families residing in the city. The population density was about . There were 1,605 housing units at an average density of about . The racial makeup of the city was about 91% White, 1% African American, 1.8% Native American, 0.6% Asian, 1.5% from other races, and 4.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.4% of the population.
There were 1,437 households, of which about 24% had children under the age of 18 living with them, about 42% were married couples living together, about 11% had a female householder with no husband present, about 6% had a male householder with no wife present, and about 41% were non-families. About 34% of all households were made up of individuals, and about 16% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was about 2.2 and the average family size was about 2.8.
The median age in the city was about 48 years. Twenty percent of residents were under the age of 18; about 7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; about 19% were from 25 to 44; 32% were from 45 to 64; and about 23% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 50.2% male and 49.8% female.
Economy
The town's two largest employers are the Oakridge School District and the United States Forest Service. However, in recent years there has been a cultural and economic revival centered on the outdoor recreational activities and local artists and craftspeople in the Oakridge area. Many new small businesses have opened, including a bicycle shop/ski shop/mercantile, an outdoor guide service, a microbrewery, and a bakery. The Uptown business district has formed the Uptown Business Revitalization Association (UBRA) and has worked to attract new businesses to the district. In 2016, a craft distillery and tasting room opened. While there is still a scarcity of local employment, Oakridge is creating new businesses and jobs 20 years after the closure of the lumber mill.
Transportation
Land
State Highway 58, a designated freight route, serves as a major connection between Highway 97 and Interstate 5. Running east-west, Highway 58 links the Willamette Valley with Central Oregon while crossing through the Willamette National Forest and Cascade Range.
Rail
Union Pacific Railroad's main north–south line in the western two-thirds of the United States, with cargo shipping services, runs through Oakridge. Amtrak shares the rail line and provides passenger train service to nationwide destinations from Eugene.
Bus
Lane Transit District's Diamond Express runs three trips inbound and outbound on weekdays to the Eugene/Springfield area.
Air
Oakridge State Airport is a public airport located one mile west of Oakridge. Eugene Airport, located west, is the closest regional terminal providing passenger and cargo air services with access to all world markets.
Ports
The closest international shipping ports to Oakridge are the Port of Coos Bay, located to the west in Coos Bay, and the Port of Portland, located to the north in Portland.
Education
The Oakridge School District consists of two schools and serves the children of Oakridge, Westfir, and outlying areas including High Prairie.
Oakridge Elementary School - Grades K–6
Oakridge High School - 7–12
In 2008, Oakridge High School was recognized as one of the best high schools in America by U.S. News & World Report.
The University of Oregon and Lane Community College are located to the west.
The Oakridge Public Library was built at 48318 E. First St., next to the city hall, in 2012. It was paid for with a federal grant of $800,000 and replaces a smaller library that was located in the city hall building.
Notable people
Mason Williams, composer, "Classical Gas"
Maximo Yabes, Medal of Honor recipient
Laddie Gale, American basketball player
References
External links
Entry for Oakridge in the Oregon Blue Book
Oakridge featured on NPR's State of the Re:Union
Cities in Oregon
Cities in Lane County, Oregon
1888 establishments in Oregon
Populated places established in 1888
Populated places on the Willamette River
|
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130853
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veneta%2C%20Oregon
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Veneta, Oregon
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Veneta is a city in Lane County, Oregon, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 4,561.
History
Veneta was established in 1912 by Edmund Eugene Hunter, who named the settlement after his five-year-old daughter. Veneta post office was established in 1914. Veneta Hunter Vincent, the city's namesake, died in 2000 at age 91. She had attended the city's 70th anniversary party in 1982.
Veneta has been the site of the annual Oregon Country Fair, originally called the Renaissance Faire, since 1970.
On August 27, 1972, the Grateful Dead played a concert—the first "Field Trip"—at the Oregon Country Fair site. The concert, a benefit for Springfield Creamery, has become legendary to Deadheads and is documented in the film Sunshine Daydream. The city's name is used on Veneta, Oregon, a 2004 release by New Riders of the Purple Sage, which is a live recording of the group's opening performance at the 1972 Field Trip.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all of it land.
Climate
This region experiences warm (but not hot) and dry summers, with no average monthly temperatures above . According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Veneta has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate, abbreviated "Csb" on climate maps.
Infrastructure
Utilities
The city of Veneta gets its drinking water from three deep wells located within the city limits. In 2013, a pipeline was completed which connected the city of Veneta to the Eugene Water & Electric Board (EWEB), allowing the city to purchase surplus water from EWEB. The pipeline supplies the city with an extra of water per day and provides the city with 20% of its water supply.
Recreation
Veneta is located adjacent to Fern Ridge Reservoir. The reservoir is popular for water sports, kayaking, sailing, fishing and swimming. Surrounding the reservoir is the Fern Ridge Wildlife Area, which is popular for bird watching and contains several parks with picnic areas, hiking trails, and some canoe and kayak access to the wetlands.
Inside the city is the outdoor, public swimming pool, which is open to swimmers during the summer months. Located off Territorial Highway is Veneta's skate park. The concrete park was constructed for local skateboarding and roller skating. The skate park is adjacent to basketball courts and a children's playground.
Veneta provides outdoor sports fields at the Bolton Hill Sports Complex located off Bolton Hill Road. This is an sports area with baseball and soccer fields. The Bolton Hill Sports Complex have been used by the Territorial Sports Program (TSP) to provide baseball and soccer activities for local youth.
Demographics
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 4,561 people, 1,730 households, and 1,241 families living in the city. The population density was . There were 1,830 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 91.8% White, 0.4% African American, 1.4% Native American, 0.8% Asian, 0.2% Pacific Islander, 1.9% from other races, and 3.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.5% of the population.
There were 1,730 households, of which 36.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.9% were married couples living together, 13.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.8% had a male householder with no wife present, and 28.3% were non-families. 20.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.62 and the average family size was 2.98.
The median age in the city was 35.2 years. 25.4% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.5% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 30.4% were from 25 to 44; 26% were from 45 to 64; and 10.7% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.3% male and 50.7% female.
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,755 people, 966 households, and 732 families living in the city. The population density was 1,035.5 people per square mile (399.9/km). There were 1,015 housing units at an average density of 381.5 per square mile (147.3/km). The racial makeup of the city was 92.92% White, 0.25% African American, 1.38% Native American, 0.65% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 0.91% from other races, and 3.85% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.17% of the population.
There were 966 households, out of which 43.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.7% were married couples living together, 13.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.2% were non-families. 18.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.85 and the average family size was 3.23.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 33.0% under the age of 18, 7.7% from 18 to 24, 30.5% from 25 to 44, 21.3% from 45 to 64, and 7.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.2 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $37,326, and the median income for a family was $40,909. Males had a median income of $33,897 versus $18,730 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,239. About 11.4% of families and 9.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.2% of those under age 18 and 7.2% of those age 65 or over.
References
External links
Entry for Veneta in the Oregon Blue Book
Cities in Oregon
Cities in Lane County, Oregon
Populated places established in 1912
1912 establishments in Oregon
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130854
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westfir%2C%20Oregon
|
Westfir, Oregon
|
Westfir is a city in Lane County, Oregon, United States. The population was 253 at the 2010 census. It is located about southeast of Eugene and about west of Oakridge in the Willamette National Forest.
History
The name Westfir was first used for the community in July 1923. The name came from the Western Lumber Company, which produced Douglas-fir lumber and had established Westfir as a company town. A major customer of the mill at this time was the Southern Pacific Railroad, which was building its line over Willamette Pass between Eugene and Klamath Falls in the 1920s and passing through Westfir. Westfir post office was established in November 1923. The population in 1931 was 500. The Western Lumber sawmill was later sold to the Westfir Lumber Company and in 1946 to the Edward Hines Lumber Company. Hines established a plywood mill in Westfir in 1952. In 1977, Hines closed the mills and sold the entire town, including the water and sewer system. The town's new owners wanted the utilities to be in public ownership, so local residents voted to incorporate in 1979. The mill operations closed in 1984, after a series of fires.
Oregon's longest existing covered bridge, the Office Bridge, was built across the North Fork Middle Fork Willamette River in 1944 to connect the Westfir Lumber Company mill to the main office. The Office of the Westfir Lumber Company is a grand historic structure. It is a 9 room hotel and market now. The Westfir Lodge https://www.westfirlodge.com
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all of it land.
Climate
This region experiences warm (but not hot) and dry summers, with no average monthly temperatures above 71.6 °F. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Westfir has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate, abbreviated "Csb" on climate maps.
Demographics
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 253 people, 114 households, and 74 families living in the city. The population density was . There were 132 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 92.1% White, 0.4% African American, 1.6% Native American, 0.4% Asian, 0.8% from other races, and 4.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.0% of the population.
There were 114 households, of which 18.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.4% were married couples living together, 8.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 8.8% had a male householder with no wife present, and 35.1% were non-families. 29.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.22 and the average family size was 2.70.
The median age in the city was 51.1 years. 19.8% of residents were under the age of 18; 1.9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 20.5% were from 25 to 44; 39.2% were from 45 to 64; and 18.6% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 54.2% male and 45.8% female.
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 276 people, 100 households, and 74 families living in the city. The population density was 789.9 people per square mile (304.5/km). There were 106 housing units at an average density of 303.4 per square mile (116.9/km). The racial makeup of the city was 99.28% White and 0.72% Native American. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.09% of the population.
There were 100 households, out of which 37.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 66.0% were married couples living together, 5.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.0% were non-families. 21.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.76 and the average family size was 3.22.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 30.1% under the age of 18, 4.7% from 18 to 24, 27.5% from 25 to 44, 24.3% from 45 to 64, and 13.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 120.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 119.3 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $32,031, and the median income for a family was $31,875. Males had a median income of $27,500 versus $24,375 for females. The per capita income for the city was $11,324. About 8.9% of families and 12.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.5% of those under the age of 18 and 7.4% of those 65 or over.
Economy
The three largest employers in the Westfir area are the Oakridge School District, Armstrong Wood Products, and Oakridge Sand & Gravel.
Education
Westfir students are served by the Oakridge School District, which has an elementary, middle, and high school in Oakridge. Westfir Middle School closed in 2006, after serving for a time as the district's middle school. The Westfir school district merged with the Oakridge school district in 1967.
Media
The Dead Mountain Echo is a weekly newspaper published in Oakridge.
References
External links
Entry for Westfir in the Oregon Blue Book
The Westfir Story by the Plywood Pioneers Association
Cities in Oregon
Cities in Lane County, Oregon
Company towns in Oregon
1923 establishments in Oregon
Populated places on the Willamette River
|
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130855
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depoe%20Bay%2C%20Oregon
|
Depoe Bay, Oregon
|
Depoe Bay is a city in Lincoln County, Oregon, United States, located on U.S. Route 101 on the Pacific Ocean. The population was 1,398 at the 2010 census. The bay of the same name is a harbor that the city promotes as the world's smallest navigable harbor.
History
Depoe Bay was named for Siletz Indian Charles "Charley" Depot who was originally allotted the land in 1894 as part of the Dawes Act of 1887. There are conflicting accounts of the origin of his name. One says he was given the name "Depot Charley" for working at the military depot near Toledo, Oregon. The family was later known as "DePoe". His original tribal affiliation was Tututni.
In 1975, the fishing trip sequence in One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest was filmed in Depoe Bay.
In 1983, the harbor sequence in Hysterical was filmed in Depoe Bay, with the Depoe Bay Bridge prominent in the background.
In 2008, restaurant scenes from The Burning Plain were filmed in Depoe Bay, at the Tidal Raves restaurant.
On March 11, 2011, Depoe Bay's port was damaged by a tsunami caused by the Tōhoku earthquake off the coast of Japan.
On August 21, 2017, Depoe Bay became one of the first places in the United States to witness totality of the solar eclipse.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all of it land.
Demographics
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 1,398 people, 714 households, and 411 families living in the city. The population density was . There were 1,158 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 92.9% White, 1.5% Native American, 1.2% Asian, 0.2% Pacific Islander, 1.5% from other races, and 2.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.8% of the population.
There were 714 households, of which 10.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.7% were married couples living together, 6.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 2.8% had a male householder with no wife present, and 42.4% were non-families. 32.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.96 and the average family size was 2.39.
The median age in the city was 56.6 years. 9.7% of residents were under the age of 18; 5% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 16.5% were from 25 to 44; 38.9% were from 45 to 64; and 29.8% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.1% male and 51.9% female.
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,174 people, 584 households, and 359 families living in the city. The population density was 652.2 people per square mile (251.8/km2). There were 911 housing units at an average density of 506.1 per square mile (195.4/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 92.50% White, 0.34% African American, 1.70% Native American, 0.60% Asian, 0.17% Pacific Islander, 1.02% from other races, and 3.66% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.58% of the population.
There were 584 households, out of which 17.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.4% were married couples living together, 7.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.5% were non-families. 31.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.01 and the average family size was 2.43.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 14.4% under the age of 18, 3.9% from 18 to 24, 22.1% from 25 to 44, 35.7% from 45 to 64, and 23.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 50 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.6 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $35,417, and the median income for a family was $43,967. Males had a median income of $28,750 versus $25,469 for females. The per capita income for the city was $24,994. About 5.5% of families and 8.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.1% of those under age 18 and 2.1% of those age 65 or over.
Media
Depoe Bay is served by radio station KPPT-FM, licensed to broadcast at 100.7 MHz. Owned by Agpal Broadcasting, the station specializes in classic hits.
See also
Whale Cove
Whale Watching Center, a state park featuring a staffed visitor center
Notes
References
External links
Entry for Depoe Bay in the Oregon Blue Book
Bays of Oregon
Cities in Oregon
Oregon Coast
Populated coastal places in Oregon
Cities in Lincoln County, Oregon
Seaside resorts in Oregon
1973 establishments in Oregon
Bodies of water of Lincoln County, Oregon
|
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130856
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln%20Beach%2C%20Oregon
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Lincoln Beach, Oregon
|
Lincoln Beach is a census-designated place (CDP) in Lincoln County, Oregon, United States. It includes the unincorporated communities of Lincoln Beach and Gleneden Beach. The total population was 2,045 at the 2010 census.
Geography
Lincoln Beach is located in northwestern Lincoln County at , between Lincoln City to the north and Depoe Bay to the south. It is bordered to the west by the Pacific Ocean. Lincoln Beach proper is in the southern part of the CDP at above sea level, while Gleneden Beach is in the northern part of the CDP at an elevation of . U.S. Route 101 runs through the CDP, leading north to the center of Lincoln City and south to Newport, the Lincoln county seat.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , of which are land and , or 21.6%, are water.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,078 people, 1,073 households, and 657 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 632.5 people per square mile (243.9/km2). There were 2,198 housing units at an average density of 669.1 per square mile (257.9/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 95.52% White, 0.10% African American, 1.40% Native American, 0.77% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 0.82% from other races, and 1.35% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.02% of the population.
There were 1,073 households, out of which 10.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.0% were married couples living together, 6.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.7% were non-families. 32.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.93 and the average family size was 2.35.
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 10.9% under the age of 18, 3.3% from 18 to 24, 16.0% from 25 to 44, 33.8% from 45 to 64, and 36.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 58 years. For every 100 females, there were 85.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 82.5 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $33,425, and the median income for a family was $41,415. Males had a median income of $32,557 versus $18,519 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $21,810. About 4.0% of families and 6.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.0% of those under age 18 and 2.2% of those age 65 or over.
References
Oregon Coast
Census-designated places in Oregon
Unincorporated communities in Lincoln County, Oregon
Census-designated places in Lincoln County, Oregon
Unincorporated communities in Oregon
Populated coastal places in Oregon
|
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130857
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln%20City%2C%20Oregon
|
Lincoln City, Oregon
|
Lincoln City is a city in Lincoln County on the Oregon Coast of the United States, between Tillamook and Newport. It is named after the county, which was named in honor of former U.S. President Abraham Lincoln. The population was 9,815 at the 2020 Census.
History
Lincoln City was incorporated on March 3, 1965, uniting the cities of Delake, Oceanlake and Taft, and the unincorporated communities of Cutler City and Nelscott. These were adjacent communities along U.S. Route 101, which serves as Lincoln City's main street. The name "Lincoln City" was chosen from contest entries submitted by local school children. The contest was held when it was determined that using one of the five communities' names would be too controversial.
Former communities
Cutler City
Cutler City is located on the east shore of Siletz Bay. The community was started by Mr. and Mrs. George Cutler. It is claimed they received the property from Chief Charles "Charley" DePoe of the Siletz tribe (part of the present-day Confederated Tribes of the Siletz). Cutler City post office ran from 1930 until the formation of Lincoln City.
Delake
Delake is near Devils Lake, and was named for the way the local Finnish people pronounced the name of the lake. Delake post office was established in 1924, and reestablished as Oceanlake (see below) in 1927.
Nelscott
Nelscott was named by combining the surnames of Charles P. Nelson and Dr. W.G. Scott, who founded the community in 1926. Nelscott post office ran from 1929 until incorporation as Lincoln City. Nelscott Reef is known for its surf and was in Surfer Magazine in 2003 as one of the Pacific Ocean's best places to surf.
Oceanlake
Oceanlake was named for its position between Devils Lake and the Pacific Ocean. Its post office ran from 1927 until incorporation as Lincoln City. In 1945, Oceanlake annexed Wecoma Beach and incorporated as a city. The neighborhood is home to Oceanlake Elementary School.
Taft
Taft was named for the 27th U.S. president William Howard Taft. Taft post office was established in 1906, and was named when Taft was Secretary of War. The post office ran until incorporation as Lincoln City.
Wecoma Beach
Oceanlake annexed Wecoma Beach, a community to the north, and was incorporated on November 3, 1945. Wecoma is a Chinook jargon word meaning "sea". The post office at this locale was originally named Wecoma. It was changed to Wecoma Beach in 1949. The office is no longer in operation.
Roads End
On July 1, 2013, Lincoln City forcibly annexed the Roads End community to its north, by informing homeowners they would not receive water service, unless the owner consented to the annexation.
Government
The city operates under a city charter, with a paid city manager, acting as chief executive, and a non-paid mayor who is elected for a four-year term, and six-member city council. The city council is elected from three wards and serves four-year terms.
Economy
Lincoln City has three primary economic resources: tourism, healthcare, and retirement.
In 1995 the Confederated Tribes of Siletz opened Chinook Winds Casino at the northern end of the city on property overlooking the Pacific Ocean.
Major employers include Chinook Winds Casino, city government, Lincoln County School District, and Samaritan North Lincoln Hospital.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which, is land and is water.
Lincoln City is home to one of the world's shortest rivers, the D River, connecting Devil's Lake with the Pacific Ocean.
Climate
The average low temperature in December, the coldest month, is , and in August, the warmest month, the average high is . The driest month on average is July, with December the wettest. The average annual precipitation is . The average July afternoon humidity is 75%, and the average January afternoon humidity is 84%. The record high in Lincoln City is , observed on August 2, 2017, while the record low of was observed on January 31, 1950 and December 8, 1972.
Demographics
As of the census of 2010, there were 7,930 people, 3,645 households, and 1,959 families residing in the city. The population density was about . There were 6,025 housing units at an average density of about . The racial makeup of the city was 83.7% White, 0.4% African American, 3.5% Native American, 1.5% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 7.1% from other races, and 3.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 13.2% of the population.
There were 3,645 households, of which about 22% had children under the age of 18 living with them, about 37% were married couples living together, 12% had a female householder with no husband present, about 5% had a male householder with no wife present, and about 46% were non-families. About 37% of all households were made up of individuals, and about 16% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.14 and the average family size was 2.74.
The median age in the city was about 46 years. About 18% of residents were under the age of 18; about 8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; about 23% were from 25 to 44; about 31% were from 45 to 64; and about 20% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was about 47% male and 53% female.
Healthcare
The Samaritan North Lincoln Hospital is the only hospital in Lincoln City and has associated outpatient medical and specialty clinics. It is a 25-bed critical access hospital with a level IV trauma designation. It is part of the five hospital Samaritan Health Services healthcare system headquartered in Corvallis, Oregon. A new hospital is currently under construction just east of the existing building and is expected to be completed in 2020.
Arts and culture
The Lincoln City Cultural Center, housed in the historic DeLake School building, offers a wide variety of classes and events year-round.
Two kite festivals are held annually in Lincoln City, the Summer Kite Festival in June and the Fall Kite Festival in October. Both festivals are each held at D River Wayside, where several other world-class kite events are held. The city is known by some as the "Kite Capital of the World". Lincoln City also provides seasonal glass float drops through Finders Keepers from October to May.
Education
Public schools in Lincoln City are served by the Lincoln County School District.
Media
Lincoln City is served by a weekly newspaper, the Lincoln City News Guard, a semi-weekly newspaper, the News-Times, and a daily news source, the Lincoln City Homepage.
KBCH AM 1400 is in Lincoln City and provides Lincoln County news coverage as well as coverage of local sports.
Notable people
Ruth Dennis Grover
M. K. Wren
References
External links
City of Lincoln City (official website)
1965 establishments in Oregon
Cities in Lincoln County, Oregon
Cities in Oregon
Oregon Coast
Populated coastal places in Oregon
|
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130859
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newport%2C%20Oregon
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Newport, Oregon
|
Newport is a city in Lincoln County, Oregon, United States. It was incorporated in 1882, though the name dates back to the establishment of a post office in 1868. Newport was named for Newport, Rhode Island. As of the 2010 census, the city had a total population of 9,989, an increase of nearly 5% over its 2000 population; as of 2019, it had an estimated population of 10,853.
The area was originally home to the Yacona tribe, whose history can be traced back at least 3000 years. White settlers began homesteading the area in 1864. The town was named by Sam Case, who also became the first postmaster.
Newport has been the county seat of Lincoln County since 1952, when voters approved a measure to move the center of government from nearby Toledo to Newport. It is also home of the Oregon Coast Aquarium, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Nye Beach, Yaquina Head Light, Yaquina Bay Light, Pacific Maritime Heritage Center and Rogue Ales, and is notable as the western terminus of U.S. Route 20, the longest road in the United States.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which is land and is water.
Climate
Newport has mild, wet weather throughout the year with the heaviest precipitation falling during the winter months. The city averages 0.4 afternoons annually with maximum temperatures equalling or exceeding and 29 mornings with minimum temperatures of or lower. Historic extreme temperatures have varied between in winter and in summer.
The average annual precipitation between 1961 and 1990 was , with the wettest period being from July 1968 to June 1969 with and the driest, like most of Oregon, from July 1976 to June 1977 with . There are an average of 187 days a year with precipitation equalling or exceeding . Average annual snowfall is only .
In October 1962, wind gusts at Newport reached before the wind gauge stopped working. This occurred during the Columbus Day Windstorm, which the National Weather Service has named one of Oregon's top 10 weather events of the 20th century.
Another top-10 event affecting Newport occurred in December 1964, when a rainstorm caused severe flooding in many parts of the state. The Weather Service rated the storm among the most severe in western Oregon since the 1870s. About of rain fell on Newport. This was almost twice the normal amount expected in December and set a new record for the city.
Also in the Weather Bureau's top-10 list for Oregon are the snowstorms of January 1950. Newport saw a total of about fall during the month, four times its normal annual snowfall.
Demographics
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 9,989 people, 4,354 households, and 2,479 families living in the city. The population density was about . There were 5,540 housing units at an average density of about . The racial makeup of the city was 84.1% White, 0.6% African American, 2.1% Native American, 1.6% Asian, 0.2% Pacific Islander, 7.5% from other races, and 3.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 15.3% of the population.
There were 4,354 households, of which about 25% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41% were married couples living together, 11% had a female householder with no husband present, 5% had a male householder with no wife present, and 43% were non-families. About 35% of all households were made up of individuals, and about 15% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was about 2.2 and the average family size was about 2.8.
The median age in the city was about 43 years. About 20% of residents were under the age of 18, 8% were between the ages of 18 and 24, 24% were from 25 to 44, 29% were from 45 to 64, and 19% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.1% male and 50.9% female.
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 9,532 people, 4,112 households, and 2,495 families living in the city. The population density was about 1,073 people per square mile (414.5/km2). There were 5,034 housing units at an average density of about . The racial makeup of the city was about 88.6% White, 2.2% Native American, 1.7% Asian, 0.5% Black or African American, and 0.2% Pacific Islander. About 3.9% were of other races and 3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were about 9% of the population.
Of 4,112 households, about 27% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47% were married couples living together, 13% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39% were non-families. About 32% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was about 2.3 and the average family size was about 2.8.
In the city, the population was spread out, with about 22% under the age of 18, 8% from 18 to 24, 26% from 25 to 44, 27% from 45 to 64, and 17% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $31,996, and the median income for a family was $36,682. Males had a median income of $31,416 versus $26,582 for females. The per capita income for the city was $20,580. About 12.2% of families and 14.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.1% of those under the age of 18 and 8.2% of those 65 and older.
Economy
In August 2011, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration moved its base for research ships from Seattle to Newport. The base boasts about 110 marine officers and a total of 175 employees. It bases four ships, including the NOAAS Bell M. Shimada and the NOAAS Rainier, and it provides support for up to two itinerant vessels. NOAA has personnel at the Hatfield Marine Science Center which support the fisheries science centers for Alaska and the Northwest. The ships join the R/V Oceanus and R/V Elakha research vessels based at the center.
Education
Lincoln County voters established Oregon Coast Community College in 1987, in which year the college held its first classes.
The public schools in Newport are part of the Lincoln County School District, and include Newport High School, Newport Preparatory Academy, Newport Intermediate School, and Sam Case Primary School.
Newport is also home to the Hatfield Marine Science Center, operated by Oregon State University in collaboration with state and federal agencies. The center conducts research and educational programs associated with the marine environment and serves as a primary field station for the university's College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences.
Media
Radio stations
Newport has several locally-based stations:
KPPT 100.7FM (Classic Hits)
KNPT 1310AM (News/Talk)
KYOR 88.9FM (Religious)
K210CW/KLOV 89.9FM (Christian Contemporary)
KLCO 90.5FM (Public Radio/Lane Community College)
K217FZ/KWAX 91.3FM (Classical)
KNCU 92.7FM (Country)
K239BO/KRLZ 93.7FM (Hot AC)
KWPB/LPFM 98.7FM (Religious)
K295BJ/KOGL 106.9FM (Public Radio)
Newspaper
The News-Times is published twice a week, and daily on newportnewstimes.com.
Sister cities
Newport has one sister city:
Mombetsu, Japan
Notable people
Sam Adams, former Mayor of Portland, Oregon
Scott Baker, marine biologist at the Marine Mammals Institute
Nathan Ball, mechanical engineer, entrepreneur, TV host, and author
Rick Bartow, artist
Ernest Bloch, composer and humanist
Joel Hedgpeth, marine biologist
David Ogden Stiers, actor
See also
Jumpoff Joe, a former rock pillar on Nye Beach
Newport Municipal Airport
Steamboats of the Oregon Coast
Yaquina Bay
Yaquina Head, a rocky headland
References
External links
Listing for Newport in the Oregon Blue Book
Greater Newport Chamber of Commerce
Newport Tourism Website
Port of Newport International Terminal Project web page
Cities in Oregon
County seats in Oregon
Cities in Lincoln County, Oregon
Populated places established in 1882
Port cities in Oregon
1882 establishments in Oregon
Populated coastal places in Oregon
|
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130860
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rose%20Lodge%2C%20Oregon
|
Rose Lodge, Oregon
|
Rose Lodge is a census-designated place (CDP) and unincorporated community in Lincoln County, Oregon, United States, along the 45th parallel. The population was 1,894 at the 2010 census.
Rose Lodge was named for a rose bower over the front gate of the post office established in 1908 by postmaster Julia Dodson.
Geography
Rose Lodge is in northern Lincoln County, with its northern border in part following the Tillamook County line. Oregon Route 18 runs through the community, leading west to U.S. Route 101 and east to McMinnville. Lincoln City is southwest of Rose Lodge via Routes 18 and 101.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , all of it land. The center of town is above sea level, along the Salmon River, which flows west to the Pacific Ocean at Cascade Head.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,708 people, 693 households, and 474 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 178.4 people per square mile (68.8/km2). There were 826 housing units at an average density of 86.3 per square mile (33.3/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 92.45% White, 0.18% African American, 2.81% Native American, 0.29% Asian, 1.35% from other races, and 2.93% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.16% of the population.
There were 693 households, out of which 23.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.6% were married couples living together, 7.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.5% were non-families. 22.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.46 and the average family size was 2.85.
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 21.0% under the age of 18, 7.9% from 18 to 24, 22.9% from 25 to 44, 29.6% from 45 to 64, and 18.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.9 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $39,214, and the median income for a family was $43,250. Males had a median income of $31,759 versus $19,957 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $18,297. About 8.9% of families and 13.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.2% of those under age 18 and 7.4% of those age 65 or over.
References
Unincorporated communities in Lincoln County, Oregon
Census-designated places in Oregon
1908 establishments in Oregon
Populated places established in 1908
Census-designated places in Lincoln County, Oregon
Unincorporated communities in Oregon
|
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130861
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siletz%2C%20Oregon
|
Siletz, Oregon
|
Siletz ( , Tolowa: sii-let-ts’i ) is a city in Lincoln County, Oregon, United States. The population was 1,212 at the 2010 census. The city is located next to the Siletz Reservation and is the site of the annual Nesika Illahee Pow Wow in August.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all of it land.
Demographics
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 1,212 people, 448 households, and 321 families living in the city. The population density was . There were 483 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 69.7% White, 0.4% African American, 18.4% Native American, 0.4% Asian, 0.2% Pacific Islander, 1.5% from other races, and 9.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.0% of the population.
There were 448 households, of which 33.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.7% were married couples living together, 14.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 6.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 28.3% were non-families. 21.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.67 and the average family size was 3.07.
The median age in the city was 42 years. 24.5% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.1% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 21.4% were from 25 to 44; 32.9% were from 45 to 64; and 14.3% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 50.5% male and 49.5% female.
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,133 people, 420 households, and 315 families living in the city. The population density was 1,799.3 people per square mile (694.4/km). There were 468 housing units at an average density of 743.2 per square mile (286.8/km). The racial makeup of the city was 71.23% White, 0.44% African American, 21.01% Native American, 0.71% Asian, 0.09% Pacific Islander, 0.44% from other races, and 6.09% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.85% of the population.
There were 420 households, out of which 36.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.1% were married couples living together, 12.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.0% were non-families. 19.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.70 and the average family size was 3.04.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 28.9% under the age of 18, 7.5% from 18 to 24, 28.9% from 25 to 44, 22.6% from 45 to 64, and 12.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 104.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.8 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $38,542, and the median income for a family was $42,250. Males had a median income of $32,153 versus $21,250 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,690. About 11.0% of families and 15.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.6% of those under age 18 and 8.1% of those age 65 or over.
References
External links
Entry for Siletz in the Oregon Blue Book
Cities in Oregon
Cities in Lincoln County, Oregon
1946 establishments in Oregon
|
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130862
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toledo%2C%20Oregon
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Toledo, Oregon
|
Toledo is a city located on the Yaquina River and along U.S. Route 20 in Lincoln County, in the U.S. state of Oregon. The population was 3,465 at the 2010 census. The city was a 2009 All-America City Award finalist.
History
European-American settlement in Toledo began in 1866, when John Graham, his son Joseph, and William Mackey, claimed land made available by the Homestead Act of 1862. The site was called "Graham's Landing" until a post office was established two years later. Joseph D. Graham, John's son, named the post office for Toledo, Ohio, because he was homesick. William Mackey was the first postmaster.
Toledo was made the county seat of the newly established Lincoln County in 1893. The city incorporated in 1893 and reincorporated in 1905. Charles Barton Crosno served as the first mayor. The county seat moved from Toledo to Newport in 1953.
In 1918, the Port of Toledo leased land to the Spruce Production Division for a sawmill to cut airplane frames for World War I. However, before production began, the war ended. C. D. Johnson and associates then bought the mill and related equipment, which by 1923 processed logs shipped to Toledo by rail. Georgia-Pacific acquired the operation in 1951 and turned it into a pulp mill.
In 1925, the Pacific Spruce Corporation decided to hire Japanese contract labor to sort lumber in its Toledo sawmill. Managers informed local employees that only the Japanese would work the graveyard shift. The sawmill employees did not object, but local businessmen opposed bringing Japanese workers into the community. Two days after the Japanese arrived, a mob forced a Japanese labor crew to leave town. A year later, Tamakichi Ogura filed a lawsuit in the United States District Court alleging that nine individuals had violated his civil rights by assaulting him, stealing his property, and forcibly removing him from the Toledo community. After a nine-day trial, the jury unanimously agreed with Ogura and awarded him $2,500 in damages plus court costs.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which, is land and is water.
Demographics
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 3,465 people, 1,331 households, and 907 families residing in the city. The population density was . There were 1,474 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 89.9% White, 0.6% African American, 3.8% Native American, 0.5% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 1.2% from other races, and 3.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.7% of the population.
There were 1,331 households, of which 33.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.5% were married couples living together, 14.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 6.5% had a male householder with no wife present, and 31.9% were non-families. 22.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.60 and the average family size was 3.02.
The median age in the city was 37.6 years. 24.8% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 26.2% were from 25 to 44; 28.5% were from 45 to 64; and 11.8% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.7% male and 51.3% female.
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 3,472 people in the city, organized into 1,312 households and 926 families. The population density was 1,602.2 people per square mile (617.8/km). There were 1,474 housing units at an average density of 680.2 per square mile (262.3/km). The racial makeup of the city was 91.88% White, 3.37% Native American, 0.58% Asian, 0.23% African American, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.52% from other races, and 3.40% from two or more races. 2.59% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There were 1,312 households, out of which 37.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.5% were married couples living together, 14.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.4% were non-families. 23.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.65 and the average family size was 3.05.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 29.6% under the age of 18, 6.9% from 18 to 24, 32.0% from 25 to 44, 20.9% from 45 to 64, and 10.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.7 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $34,503, and the median income for a family was $39,597. Males had a median income of $35,104 versus $22,297 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,710. 19.3% of the population and 18.6% of families were below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 26.6% of those under the age of 18 and 8.9% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.
Education
There are two public schools in Toledo, which are part of the Lincoln County School District: Toledo Elementary School (K–6) and Toledo High School (7–12). Toledo High School is a combination junior high and high school, and serves students in seventh through twelfth grade.
Transportation
Toledo is the western terminus of a Portland and Western Railroad line, once part of the Oregon Pacific Railroad, that links the city to Albany in the Willamette Valley. The city is also served by the port authority (the Port of Toledo), and Toledo State Airport.
First brick depot in Oregon
On 3 August 1893, Toledo became the first city to have a railroad depot made out of brick. The reason to build a depot had to do with a dispute of a twenty-foot strip of land. The city of Toledo, at the time, had no depot provided to the citizens. However, the citizens of Toledo made a demand on the railroad commissioners asking that the Oregon Pacific be forced to provide reasonable accommodations there. The people of Toledo and Oregon Pacific agreed to a contract: the people would pay $250, in money and to furnish an equal amount of labor on the building. Oregon Pacific, in return, agreed to erect within sixty days from the date of the contract a brick depot building at Toledo of the size and dimensions as before agreed upon at 20 feet by 60 feet.
References
External links
Entry for Toledo in the Oregon Blue Book
Historic images of Toledo from the Salem Public Library Historic Photograph Collection
1905 establishments in Oregon
Cities in Lincoln County, Oregon
Cities in Oregon
Populated places established in 1905
Port cities in Oregon
Former county seats in Oregon
Sundown towns in the United States
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waldport%2C%20Oregon
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Waldport, Oregon
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Waldport is a city in Lincoln County, Oregon, United States. The population was 2,033 at the 2010 census. The city is located on the Alsea River and Alsea Bay, south of Newport and north of Yachats.
History
Settlement of Waldport began in 1879 when David Ruble bought squatter’s rights from Lint Starr for $300 for property including the area now known as “Old Town”. Many early settlers were of German descent, and one of the names proposed for this town was Waldport, “wald” meaning forest or trees, and “port” referring to its proximity to the ocean. It is interesting to note that the town’s name is unique. The plat for the town was recorded on September 9, 1885 and by 1911, when Waldport was incorporated, it boasted a dozen businesses and 150 inhabitants.
The earliest inhabitants of the area were known as the “Alsi” or “Alsea”, a name given to them by the Coos tribe. (Their name for themselves in their own language was “Wusi” or “Wusitslum” .) In 1780 the total number of “Yakonan”, which included tribes from Yaquina Bay to the Siuslaw, was estimated to have numbered upwards of 6000 and the Alsea river and bay was home to numerous small villages. At the time of Lewis and Clark, the numbers had dwindled to about 1000, and by 1910 only 29 remained at the Siletz reservation.
Camp Angel, a Civilian Conservation Corps camp near Waldport, was home to World War II conscientious objectors involved in the arts.
In September 1975, Marshall Applewhite and Bonnie Nettles gave a lecture in Waldport on UFOs which was attended by roughly 150 people. In the following days, an estimated 20 residents, nearly one out of 30 people who lived in the town, abandoned their homes and possessions and joined their group, Heaven's Gate. An Oregon State Police investigation concluded that no laws had been broken.
In December 2001, Christian Longo murdered his wife and 3 children in Waldport. Longo disposed of their bodies by chaining them to heavy cinder blocks, and submerging them in the Pacific Ocean. At the time, it was said to be the city's first known homicide. Longo was sentenced to death in 2003. The 2015 film True Story, starring Jonah Hill and James Franco was loosely based on the case.
Politics
On February 22, 2009, Mayor Herman Welch announced that he was leaving the Republican Party. Upon re-registering as a member of the Independent Party of Oregon, he became the first public official in Oregon to be a member of that party.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which, is land and is water.
Climate
This region experiences warm (but not hot) and semi-dry summers with some rainy days, with no average monthly temperatures above 70.4 °F. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Waldport has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate, abbreviated "Csb" on climate maps.
There are cool winters during which intense rainfall occurs. It has warm, dry summers with partly overcast and moderate rainfall through the summer months.
Snow in Waldport is rare but possible in winter months.
Average December temperatures are a maximum of and a minimum of . Average August temperatures are a maximum of and a minimum of . The record high temperature was . The record low temperature was .
Average annual precipitation is . There are on average 165 days with measurable precipitation which makes Waldport a temperate rainforest.
Waldport's Köppen classification and climate is similar to locations such as parts of Ireland, southern UK, North-west Washington (state) around Olympic National Park and Canada's British Columbia.
Demographics
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 2,033 people, 974 households, and 530 families living in the city. The population density was . There were 1,196 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 91.2% White, 0.8% African American, 1.1% Native American, 1.0% Asian, 0.3% Pacific Islander, 0.5% from other races, and 5.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.3% of the population.
There were 974 households, of which 19.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.2% were married couples living together, 7.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 45.6% were non-families. 37.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.08 and the average family size was 2.69.
The median age in the city was 53 years. 15.8% of residents were under the age of 18; 5% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 16.1% were from 25 to 44; 36.9% were from 45 to 64; and 26.2% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.4% male and 52.6% female.
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,050 people, 909 households, and 540 families living in the city. The population density was 956.8 people per square mile (369.9/km). There were 1,099 housing units at an average density of 513.0 per square mile (198.3/km). The racial makeup of the city was 93.41% White, 0.10% African American, 2.20% Native American, 1.17% Asian, 0.10% Pacific Islander, 0.34% from other races, and 2.68% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.71% of the population.
There were 909 households, out of which 23.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.2% were married couples living together, 12.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.5% were non-families. 34.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.24 and the average family size was 2.81.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 23.9% under the age of 18, 4.2% from 18 to 24, 22.8% from 25 to 44, 25.7% from 45 to 64, and 23.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 45 years. For every 100 females, there were 83.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 78.3 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $33,301, and the median income for a family was $38,571. Males had a median income of $29,904 versus $22,071 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,939. About 9.4% of families and 17.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24.9% of those under age 18 and 9.6% of those age 65 or over.
Education
Waldport High School is a public high school in Waldport that opened in 1958. For the 2011–2012 school year, Waldport High reported enrolling 208 students. The school is part of the Lincoln County School District.
In 2010 Waldport became home to the west campus for the Oregon Coast Community College.
Transportation
Alsea Bay Bridge
Wakonda Beach State Airport
References
Further reading
External links
City of Waldport (official website)
Entry for Waldport in the Oregon Blue Book
Cities in Lincoln County, Oregon
Alsea River
Oregon Coast
Populated coastal places in Oregon
Port cities in Oregon
1911 establishments in Oregon
Cities in Oregon
|
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yachats%2C%20Oregon
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Yachats, Oregon
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Yachats ( ) is a small coastal city in the southernmost area of Lincoln County, Oregon, United States. According to Oregon Geographic Names, the name comes from the Siletz language and means "dark water at the foot of the mountain". There is a range of differing etymologies, however. William Bright says the name comes from the Alsea placename yáx̣ayky (IPA: ). At the 2010 census, the city's population was 690. In 2007, Budget Travel magazine named Yachats one of the "Ten Coolest Small Towns of the U.S.A.", and Yachats was chosen among the top 10 U.S. up-and-coming vacation destinations by Virtualtourist. In 2015, Arthur Frommer, founder of Frommer's Travel Guides, listed Yachats number eight among his ten favorite vacation destinations in the world.
History
Archeological studies have shown that the Yachats area has been inhabited for at least 1,500 years. Remains of a pit-house in Yachats have been radiocarbon dated at approximately 570 AD. Yachats is built on seashell middens and numerous graves left by its past inhabitants. Excavations for construction of buildings and U.S. Route 101 uncovered a great many skeletons and artifacts. Most of these became part of the fill dirt forming the base of the current highway and city.
For many centuries the Native Americans in this area were hunter-gatherers who migrated between summer camps and winter residences. The Alsea Tribe had as many as 20 permanent villages (used on an annually rotating basis) on the Alsea River and the central Oregon coast. Archeological and linguistic evidence support the existence of a southern Alsea village known as the Yahuch band, located on the coast at the Yachats River. By 1860, the Yahuch band was extinct, many having succumbed to European diseases such as smallpox and tuberculosis.
In order to open up land in the Coos Bay area for homesteading in the early 1860s, the U.S. Army forcibly marched the Coos and Lower Umpqua Indians north over rugged terrain to the Alsea Sub-Agency reservation in Yachats where the peaceful Indians, treated by the Army as though they were prisoners of war, were incarcerated. Amanda's Trail, named for a blind Indian woman who suffered greatly on the march, was dedicated on July 19, 2009. The trail climbs from downtown Yachats to the summit of Cape Perpetua where it links with the extensive trail system of the Siuslaw National Forest.
In Yachats the hunter-gatherer tribes were forced to learn to make a living by agriculture. Crops planted near the ocean failed, resulting in many deaths from starvation. Approximately 300 Indians died in just 10 years. Twelve years after the Alsea Sub-Agency had opened, the Indians were allowed to establish a trail and develop agricultural plots up the Yachats River Valley, where they were able to grow potatoes, oats, wheat, and corn. They were also allowed to return to hunting. Once the Indians had built a new life there, the U.S. government opened up the area for homesteading in 1875, and once again, forced the Indians to move—some returned to their ancestral homelands, others went north to the Siletz Reservation. Many of the Indians died during this relocation.
Homesteaders used the Indian farms and trails to develop the Yachats area. In 1892 the first post office was established in Yachats (called Oceanview until it was renamed Yachats in 1917). Until Yachats could be reached by a macadam road, rains made it impossible for the mail to be carried by car. The Roosevelt Memorial Highway (now Highway 101), carved out of the rock of Cape Perpetua in 1931, changed all this by opening up a route from the town of Florence. Despite the early difficulties of reaching Yachats, the tourist industry began in 1905 with the conversion of a chittum bark warehouse into the first hotel. Today tourism is the city's main industry.
Yachats was part of the war effort in both World Wars I and II. Spruce was needed for airplanes during World War I, and in 1918 the U.S. Army Signal Corps undertook logging at Camp 1, an area about north of Yachats. A railroad needed for transporting logs to a mill was completed just three days before the war ended. A private company continued the logging operations, however.
Early in World War II the West Shelter built by the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) near the top of Cape Perpetua was used as an observation site and radar station for the detection of enemy submarines and aircraft. In Yachats, foxholes and gun emplacements were installed along the ocean drive. Military personnel were housed in a local skating rink and the Ladies Club was rented for recreation. After the war, the U.S. Coast Guard discovered Japanese mines that had floated onto the beaches. These were hauled out to sea and destroyed.
The Little Log Church is a historical museum displaying many artifacts relating to Yachats's past. The church, built in 1926, was designed in the shape of a cross. Sir Robert Perks, who owned most of Yachats at the time, provided the property; the logs were donated as well and the work was contributed by local citizens. The museum is now owned by the city.
Demographics
Of city residents age 25 or older in 2000, 94.0% achieved a high school education or higher, compared to the national average of 80.4%, and 40.3% held a bachelor's degree or higher compared to 24.4% nationally.
2010 census
As of the United States Census of 2010, there were 690 people, 400 households, and 198 families residing in the city. The population density was . There were 807 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 95.2% White, 0.1% African American, 1.7% Native American, 0.6% Asian, 0.7% from other races, and 1.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino residents of any race were 4.8% of the population.
There were 400 households, of which 5.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.8% were married couples living together, 7.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 1.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 50.5% were non-families. 42.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 22.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.72 and the average family size was 2.22.
The median age in the city was 62.3 years. 4.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 3.4% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 10.8% were from 25 to 44; 39.5% were from 45 to 64; and 41.4% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 46.7% male and 53.3% female.
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 617 people, 333 households, and 185 families residing in the city. The population density was 693.1 people per square mile (267.7/km2). There were 619 housing units at an average density of 695.3 per square mile (268.5/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 96.27% White, 0.16% African American, 0.32% Native American, 0.81% Asian, and 2.43% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.76% of the population.
There were 333 households, out of which 10.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.8% were married couples living together, 7.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 44.4% were non-families. 37.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.85 and the average family size was 2.34.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 11.7% under the age of 18, 3.9% from 18 to 24, 13.0% from 25 to 44, 39.4% from 45 to 64, and 32.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 56 years. For every 100 females, there were 83.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 82.3 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $32,308, and the median income for a family was $41,250. Males had a median income of $36,875 versus $31,806 for females. The per capita income for the city was $24,143. About 12.8% of families and 14.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 34.7% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over.
Economy
The principal industries of Lincoln County are lumber, fishing, tourism and recreation, and food products manufacturing. Tourism is Yachats's main industry. As of 2002, two of the top employers in Yachats were the Adobe Resort (still open) and the Landmark Restaurant & Lounge (now closed).
Geography and climate
Yachats is the southernmost city in Lincoln County. It is bounded by the Central Oregon Coast Range on the east and the Pacific Ocean on the west. To the south is a rugged portion of highway around and just south of Cape Perpetua, connecting the city to Lane County on U.S. Route 101. Yachats is almost exactly halfway between the 2 most populous coastal cities in Lincoln and Lane Counties respectively, being north of Florence, south of Waldport, and south of Newport. The city straddles the Yachats River and estuary. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which, is land and is water.
The climate of Yachats is relatively mild throughout the year because of the moderating effects of the ocean currents. Temperatures rarely drop below in the winter or rise above in the summer. The highest recorded temperature, however, was in July 1961 and the record low was in December 1972. Snow is uncommon and only occurs in rare offshore flow events with deformation banding in Arctic fronts and overrunning low pressure systems that move inland to the south, but rainfall is quite heavy through the winter months and several storms come out of the Gulf of Alaska each winter.
Arts and culture
Annual cultural events
The Yachats la de da Parade is held each July 4 at noon. It features anyone in town who wants to participate. Some of the regular entries include the Yachats Umbrella Drill Team, a belly dancing troupe, and a Yachats Fire Department truck accompanied by Dalmatian miniature goats. Starting in 2012, the Oregon Central Coast PFLAG (Parents and Friends of Lesbians and Gays) have also marched in the parade. For the past several years, the Yachats Youth and Family Activities Program (YYFAP) has run a (rubber) duck race in the Yachats estuary shortly following the parade. Then, in the evening, an extensive fireworks display is launched out over the ocean.
The Yachats Music Festival brings 20 to 30 of the world's major classical musicians for four concerts throughout a weekend in July. The Yachats event is the summer festival for Four Seasons Arts, an organization that presents annual recitals at Carnegie Hall and the Lincoln Center. This music festival has graced Yachats annually since 1981.
Each October, Yachats is the site of the Yachats Village Mushroom Festival. Some of the world's leading experts in mycology provide exhibits, give talks, and guide forest walks. There is also a culinary mushroom-growing workshop. Restaurants in Yachats participate in a Fungi Feast with wild mushroom cuisine. Mushroom-inspired art and music can be found at a number of venues around the town.
During the first weekend of November, the city hosts the Yachats Celtic Music Festival, with performances at several venues, including the auditorium of the Yachats Commons. Many of the world's finest Celtic musicians perform there, traveling from Scotland, Ireland, Canada, and various regions of the U.S. to participate. Workshops are held for teaching dances and the playing of instruments such as the bodhran and the tin whistle.
At the Cape Perpetua Scenic Area, the visitor center hosts Whale Watching Weeks in winter and in spring. About 400 gray whales feed along the coasts of Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia in the summer. Generally, whales are in the Cape Perpetua area from July through mid-November. These whales can be seen close to shore while feeding. The visitor center also sponsors a Tidepool Discovery Days program each summer and provides guided tidepool walks. The Heceta Head Lighthouse, located south of Yachats, holds a Victorian Christmas Open House each December. Besides the usual guided tours of the historic lighthouse, the Queen Anne style keeper's house is thoroughly decorated in a Victorian manner. Visitors are entertained with holiday musical performances and treats.
Museums and other points of interest
The Little Log Church and Museum, built in 1926, originally served as an Evangelical Church and later as a Presbyterian Church. Today it is owned and managed by the City of Yachats and houses a large collection of local historical artifacts. It is also a popular venue for weddings, memorials, concerts, and fine arts exhibits. Each Valentine's Day, a wedding vow renewal ceremony, open to any couple, is held there.
The North Fork of the Yachats Bridge is a covered bridge in the Yachats River Valley, about east of Yachats. It was completed, at a cost of $1,500, in 1938 and was the last bridge of veteran bridge builder Otis Hamer. A replica was constructed on the site in 1989, and again a replica was completely reconstructed in 2014 at a cost of over $750,000 from approximately 2/3 federal and 1/3 local tax dollars in the public interest of tourism. It features the queen-post truss style found in few covered bridges today and has ribbon openings under the roof to provide light to the bridge's center. Its span is long, making it one of the shortest covered bridges in the Pacific Northwest. Parking and turnaround past the bridge remains obstructed by an adjacent resident, due to ongoing protest of road legalization which established that area NW of the bridge as the current terminus of County Rd. 805.
At one time, the Yachats 804 Trail was part of the major "thoroughfare" running between Yachats and Alsea Bay in Waldport, to the north. For many centuries it was used by Native Americans traveling between the bay and the Yachats River (but only during low tide). Later it was called County Road 804 when it was used for carriage and buggy traffic from the late 19th century until U.S. Highway 101 was built in the 1930s. Today the historic trail is a footpath that provides views of crashing surf, tidal pools, and native vegetation. Part of the Oregon Coast Trail system, it is maintained by the Oregon Parks and Recreation Department. It extends north from a public parking area in Smelt Sands State Recreation Area.
The sanctuary of the Yachats Community Presbyterian Church is lighted by six windows featuring gold-hued panes made of agates collected from the local beaches. The area of these windows totals . They are believed to be the world's only windows made of agate.
The Yachats Commons was built in the 1930s and used as a school until 1983. In 1990, the building was bought by the city to serve as a community center. It now houses the city government offices and hosts a wide variety of events, including monthly free movie nights, play readings and drum circles (open to the public), seniors' luncheons, and concerts of the Yachats Big Band (with ballroom dancing). Periodically, concerts by the Oregon Coast Chamber Orchestra and plays, musicals, and revues by One of Us Productions are performed on the stage in the large auditorium, and a number of art and craft shows are held at the Commons as well. From May through October the Commons is the site of the outdoor Yachats Farmers Market.
The Yachats Academy of Arts & Sciences sponsors numerous educational and entertainment events, most of which are held at the Commons. Presentations include speakers, films, workshops, exhibitions, and seminars on various topics relating to art, science and the humanities.
The Commons also serves as the venue for premieres of locally filmed movies. The Yachats International Film Festival is devoted to the filming and showing of such films as Ghoul from the Tidal Pool. A feature-length, tongue-in-cheek version of the 1950s horror movie genre, this film was made by an all-amateur production team of writers, actors, and crew. The star of the film is local youth Jordan Ostrum.
The Yachats Public Library hosts a perpetual exhibition of paintings, drawings, and photographs by the Yachats Arts Guild. The exhibited works are changed every few weeks. Also, the library houses the Yachats Seed Bank, a repository of vegetable seeds offered free to gardeners. The Seed Bank displays a wide selection of cookbooks, gardening manuals, and guides for developing community sustainability. In addition, the library provides high speed Internet access over its Wi-Fi connection. Computers are available to the public during regular hours. Library cards are free and visitors can check out books while they vacation in Yachats.
Parks and recreation
The Yachats area is home to a rich variety of plant and animal life. Its natural history affords the study of marine, montane, and riparian ecological communities and their complex interactions. The following natural attractions are dedicated to the protection, study, and exposition of the plants and wildlife of the central Oregon coast.
The Siuslaw National Forest borders Yachats on the east and consists of over (about 5/8 the area of the state of Rhode Island) extending from Coos Bay in the south to Tillamook in the north. The forest has numerous hiking trails, including those through the virgin stands of Sitka spruce, western hemlock, and Douglas fir in the Cummins Creek and Rock Creek Wilderness areas a few miles south of Yachats. Another network of hiking trails north of Yachats leads to summits such as those of Cannibal Mountain and Burnt Timber Mountain.
The Siuslaw National Forest features Cape Perpetua, located about south of Yachats. Named by Captain James Cook on March 7, 1778, this promontory rises to above sea level, making it the highest point on the Oregon coast. Its West Shelter observation point is a popular site for watching migrating gray whales. At the foot of the cape, the power of the waves has carved a rugged inlet called the Devil's Churn. Around on the north slope of the cape, the privately owned and operated Cleft of the Rock Lighthouse is visible from the U.S. 101 Highway.
Yachats Ocean Road State Natural Site is located on the south side of the mouth of the Yachats River. It forms a long strip on the bank overlooking the river's estuary and the ocean. Picnic tables are available and a stairway leads down to the beach on the north end of the park. At Agate Cove on the south end of the park, waves crashing against the basalt rocks provide spectacular spouts from blow holes.
Yachats State Recreation Area is a day use only park located on the north side of the mouth of the Yachats River. It includes a viewing deck jutting out from the headlands west of downtown Yachats. It offers viewing of whales and other wildlife, tide pools, kite flying, fishing, and picnicking. Restrooms are available.
Smelt Sands State Recreation Site is a beach located on the northern edge of Yachats. At one time large numbers of smelt (a small relative of the salmon) came ashore here during annual runs. These runs have diminished in recent years. The beach can be reached by walking the historic 804 Trail, one way, from the parking area to the south end of the park. In January 2013 the Coastal Safety Marker was installed in Smelt Sands State Park to remind visitors about the danger of sneaker waves. The Marker tells the story of two high school seniors from Eugene, Oregon, who were hit by a sneaker wave and drowned here on February 5, 2011.
Yachats Community Park is a restored marshland in the city's center. The park's boardwalks and paths present a wide variety of native plants and wildlife, including a preserved spruce forest. Migrating waterfowl visit the wetlands regularly, and ospreys nest on platforms provided especially for them. The park includes a picnic shelter, peace garden, tree house, and benches.
Gerdemann Botanical Preserve is a native woodland on the northern edge of Yachats and the western edge of the Siuslaw National Forest. The garden contains and preserves the botanical collection of horticulturalists James and Janice Gerdemann. Among the native Sitka spruce, western hemlock and wildflowers, the garden is a unique experimental outdoor laboratory, featuring a great many exotic species such as South African honeybush, New Zealand and Tasmanian tree ferns, Chinese fig hazel, Australian Grevillia, and Chilean flame and lantern trees. Today the garden is dedicated to botanical research and education.
Ten Mile Creek Sanctuary is a reserve south of Yachats. This protected stand of Sitka spruce and western hemlock is home to the federally listed species of marbled murrelet and northern spotted owl as well as other species such as the Roosevelt elk, black-tailed deer, cougar, black bear, and bald eagle. Ten Mile Creek has runs of steelhead trout, Chinook salmon, and threatened coho salmon. The sanctuary is under the management of the Audubon Society, and offers extensive educational programs in addition to its conservation efforts.
Government
Yachats has a council–manager form of government, including a mayor and four councilors. The positions are non-partisan and unpaid; the mayor serves a two-year term and the councilors serve four-year terms. The city has four commissions: The Planning Commission, The Public Works and Streets Commission, The Library Commission, and The Parks and Commons Commission.
Education
Yachats is served by the Lincoln County School District. Kindergarten through eighth grade students attend Crestview Heights School in Waldport, and ninth through twelfth grade students attend Waldport High School. The closest colleges are Oregon Coast Community College in Newport (with a branch in Waldport) and Lane Community College in Florence.
Media
Published monthly, The Yachats Gazette provides hardcopy and online community news, including interviews and features about local people, businesses and attractions. Two other publications cover the Yachats area: the South Lincoln County News and the Newport News-Times. No radio or television stations are located in the Yachats area.
Infrastructure
Yachats is on U.S. Route 101. Renovation of Hwy 101 shoulders in 2017 has caused some problems, and due to pedestrian ability to stop traffic at will some local residents have dubbed Yachats, "the biggest little traffic jam on the Oregon coast." The closest airport is Wakonda Beach State Airport R33, a 2000' x 30' grass airstrip near Waldport. Yachats has no rail service, but local bus transportation is provided by Lincoln County Transit.
The City of Yachats provides water and sewer services. Drinking water comes from Salmon and Reedy creeks. Electricity is provided by Central Lincoln Public Utility District and telephone service by Pioneer Telephone Cooperative. Solid waste disposal and cable are provided by private businesses.
The closest hospitals are Samaritan Pacific Communities Hospital in Newport and Peace Harbor Hospital in Florence. Health care is available in Waldport at Waldport Family Medical Center, Samaritan (Waldport) Clinic, and Waldport Physical Therapy and Sports Medicine.
Yachats Rural Fire District has three fire stations. Law enforcement is provided by the Lincoln County Sheriff's Department and the Oregon State Police.
See also
Cleft of the Rock Lighthouse
References
External links
City of Yachats official website
Cities in Oregon
Populated coastal places in Oregon
Cities in Lincoln County, Oregon
Oregon Coast
Seaside resorts in Oregon
1892 establishments in Oregon
Populated places established in 1892
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130865
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brownsville%2C%20Oregon
|
Brownsville, Oregon
|
Brownsville is a city in Linn County, Oregon, United States. As of the 2010 census the population was 1,668. It is the setting for the fictional town of Castle Rock, Oregon, in the 1986 film Stand by Me.
History
Establishment
Brownsville was originally known as "Calapooya" after the area's original inhabitants, the Kalapuya Indians, or "Kirk's Ferry", after the ferry operated across the Calapooia River by early settlers Alexander and Sarah Kirk. When Linn County was created from the southern portion of Champoeg County on December 28, 1847, the Provisional Legislature named Calapooia as the county seat. The Spaulding School in Brownsville served as the original county courthouse. Brownsville was named in honor of Hugh L. Brown, who settled there in 1846 and opened the first store.
In 1851, the Territorial Legislature passed an act establishing Albany as the county seat. A special election in 1856 reaffirmed Albany as the county seat.
Stand by Me
In the mid-1980s, Brownsville assumed a modicum of international renown as the location for the film Stand by Me, directed by Rob Reiner. The film was shot in and around the community in June and July 1985, with theatrical release in August 1986. About 100 local residents were used as extras in the film, and the event was memorialized in 2007 with the first community celebration of Stand by Me Day on July 23 of that year. The date for Stand by Me Day was chosen by local resident and expert on the film Linda McCormick, who recalled in a 2016 interview that the day had been picked as one that did not interfere with other regional events and "wasn't too close to the start of the school year." About 2,000 visitors made the pilgrimage to Brownsville for the 2007 event. The 2016 iteration, honoring the 30th anniversary of the cinematic release, introduced the first "Ray Brower Memorial 5K Walk/Run," named in honor of the dead body around which the film's plot revolved.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all land.
Demographics
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 1,668 people, 639 households, and 461 families living in the city. The population density was . There were 685 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 93.8% White, 0.3% African American, 1.2% Native American, 0.5% Asian, 0.8% from other races, and 3.3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.1% of the population.
There were 639 households, of which 33.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.7% were married couples living together, 11.6% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.9% had a male householder with no wife present, and 27.9% were non-families. 20.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.61 and the average family size was 3.02.
The median age in the city was 39.6 years. 25.2% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.3% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 24.8% were from 25 to 44; 29.3% were from 45 to 64; and 13.4% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.6% male and 52.4% female.
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,449 people, 535 households, and 411 families living in the city. The population density was 1,116.2 people per square mile (430.4/km2). There were 579 housing units at an average density of 446.0 per square mile (172.0/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 93.65% White, 0.35% African American, 1.66% Native American, 0.14% Asian, 0.55% from other races, and 3.66% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.07% of the population.
There were 535 households, out of which 35.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.4% were married couples living together, 10.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.0% were non-families. 19.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.71 and the average family size was 3.07.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 27.5% under the age of 18, 7.5% from 18 to 24, 26.4% from 25 to 44, 27.0% from 45 to 64, and 11.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.9 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $35,486, and the median income for a family was $39,671. Males had a median income of $37,400 versus $24,643 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,272. About 5.6% of families and 8.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.0% of those under age 18 and 7.4% of those age 65 or over.
Footnotes
Further reading
Carey, Margaret Standish and Patricia Hoy Hainline, Brownsville: Linn County's Oldest Town. Brownsville, OR: Calapooia Publications, 1976.
External links
Entry for Brownsville in the Oregon Blue Book
Brownsville Chamber of Commerce
Cities in Oregon
Cities in Linn County, Oregon
1847 establishments in Oregon Country
Populated places established in 1847
Former county seats in Oregon
|
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130866
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halsey%2C%20Oregon
|
Halsey, Oregon
|
Halsey is a city in Linn County, Oregon, United States. The population was 904 at the 2010 census.
History
The city was founded in 1872, and legally incorporated by the Oregon Legislative Assembly on October 20, 1876. The city takes its name from William L. Halsey, who was at the time vice-president of Oregon & California Railroad.
On July 31, 1903 most of the city's downtown core burned to the ground, after a fire started at the J. L. Bishur Creamery.
The city's iconic grain elevator was built in 1956 and stood at a height of 180 feet. It was demolished in December 2012 over concerns of structural integrity.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all land.
Demographics
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 904 people, 305 households, and 244 families living in the city. The population density was . There were 334 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 94.4% White, 0.3% African American, 0.6% Native American, 0.6% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.4% from other races, and 3.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.9% of the population.
There were 305 households, of which 41.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.6% were married couples living together, 8.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 6.6% had a male householder with no wife present, and 20.0% were non-families. 12.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 3.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.96 and the average family size was 3.24.
The median age in the city was 32.5 years. 29.8% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.5% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 29.8% were from 25 to 44; 23.6% were from 45 to 64; and 8.4% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.8% male and 50.2% female.
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 724 people, 252 households, and 199 families living in the city. The population density was 1,352.9 people per square mile (517.7/km2). There were 267 housing units at an average density of 498.9 per square mile (190.9/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 91.30% White, 0.14% African American, 1.10% Native American, 0.14% Asian, 4.83% from other races, and 2.49% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.52% of the population.
There were 252 households, out of which 38.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 65.5% were married couples living together, 8.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.0% were non-families. 15.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.87 and the average family size was 3.18.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 27.9% under the age of 18, 11.7% from 18 to 24, 30.1% from 25 to 44, 22.4% from 45 to 64, and 7.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 115.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 116.6 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $45,909, and the median income for a family was $46,477. Males had a median income of $32,202 versus $18,750 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,933. About 2.6% of families and 4.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.5% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over.
References
External links
Entry for Halsey in the Oregon Blue Book
Cities in Oregon
Cities in Linn County, Oregon
1872 establishments in Oregon
Populated places established in 1872
|
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130867
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harrisburg%2C%20Oregon
|
Harrisburg, Oregon
|
Harrisburg is a city in Linn County, Oregon, United States. The population was 3,567 at the 2010 census.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which is land and is water.
Demographics
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 3,567 people, 1,238 households, and 966 families living in the city. The population density was . There were 1,318 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 91.3% White, 0.5% African American, 1.0% Native American, 0.3% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 3.2% from other races, and 3.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 8.0% of the population.
There were 1,238 households, of which 44.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.3% were married couples living together, 12.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.8% had a male householder with no wife present, and 22.0% were non-families. 17.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.88 and the average family size was 3.21.
The median age in the city was 33.7 years. 30.4% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.3% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 29.5% were from 25 to 44; 24.2% were from 45 to 64; and 8.6% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.4% male and 50.6% female.
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,795 people, 989 households, and 751 families living in the city. The population density was 1,748.8 people per square mile (674.5/km2). There were 1,038 housing units at an average density of 649.5 per square mile (250.5/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 92.99% White, 0.11% African American, 1.22% Native American, 0.57% Asian, 2.86% from other races, and 2.25% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.69% of the population.
There were 989 households, out of which 43.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.0% were married couples living together, 11.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.0% were non-families. 17.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.83 and the average family size was 3.19.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 31.4% under the age of 18, 9.2% from 18 to 24, 32.5% from 25 to 44, 18.1% from 45 to 64, and 8.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females, there were 104.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.3 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $40,106, and the median income for a family was $41,953. Males had a median income of $34,509 versus $25,298 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,822. About 6.4% of families and 9.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.8% of those under age 18 and 6.0% of those age 65 or over.
See also
Harrisburg circa 1920
References
External links
Entry for Harrisburg in the Oregon Blue Book
Historic images of Harrisburg from Flickr
Cities in Oregon
Cities in Linn County, Oregon
1866 establishments in Oregon
Populated places established in 1866
Populated places on the Willamette River
|
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130868
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanon%2C%20Oregon
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Lebanon, Oregon
|
Lebanon ( ) is a city in Linn County, Oregon, United States. Lebanon is located in northwest Oregon, southeast of Salem. The population was 18,447 at the 2020 census. Lebanon sits beside the South Santiam River on the eastern edge of the Willamette Valley, close to the Cascade Range and a 25-minute drive to either of the larger cities of Corvallis and Albany. Lebanon is known for its foot-and-bike trails, its waterside parks, and its small-town character.
Demographics
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 15,518 people, 6,118 households, and 3,945 families residing in the city. The population density was . There were 6,820 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 91.2% White, 0.5% African American, 1.4% Native American, 1.1% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 2.1% from other races, and 3.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.8% of the population.
There were 6,118 households, of which 33.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.6% were married couples living together, 14.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.6% had a male householder with no wife present, and 35.5% were non-families. 28.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.50 and the average family size was 3.05.
The median age in the city was 36.6 years. 25.7% of residents were under the age of 18; 9.4% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 24.9% were from 25 to 44; 23.6% were from 45 to 64; and 16.3% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.7% male and 52.3% female.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which is land and is water.
Climate
This region experiences warm (but not hot) and dry summers, with no average monthly temperatures above . According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Lebanon has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate, abbreviated "Csb" on climate maps.
Economy
Lowe's Regional Distribution Center is the largest employer in Lebanon, with 650 employees. The other major employers are Samaritan Lebanon Community Hospital, Lebanon Schools, Wal-Mart, Weyerhaeuser, and Entek International.
Education
Lebanon is served by the Lebanon Community Schools public school district, which includes Lebanon High School. It is also home to the private East Linn Christian Academy, which serves students from preschool through twelfth grade (PreK-12).
Western University of Health Sciences opened their College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Northwest in August 2011, the first new medical school in Oregon since Oregon Health & Science University was established. The school opened with 107 students.
In 2017, Linn-Benton Community College opened its HealthCare Occupations Center beside the osteopathic college.
History
In 1847, Jeremiah and Jemima Ralston bought a pioneers' cabin, staked a claim, and built a log house on a low rise at what is now Ralston Park. Nearby, on today's Main Street, they built a store. It soon became a stop for gold seekers on their way to California. A village grew up around the store, and in 1855 the couple filed a plat for the town, naming it for Jeremiah's birthplace of Lebanon, Tennessee. They also donated land for the Santiam Academy, which the Methodist Episcopal Church operated until 1906.
Lebanon was established on the land of the Louis Band of the Santiam Kalapuya.Like other Kalapuya tribes, the Santiam had dwindled in number, from malaria and other diseases, before the Americans arrived. In 1855, the band sold the U.S. government their rights to the land and moved to a temporary reservation on a claim belonging to the Ralstons' son, just south of their own. There the band awaited removal to the Grand Ronde Valley.
In 1859, local men in search of a way to drive cattle to central Oregon discovered the Santiam Pass. Soon Lebanon found itself on another essential trade route. Linn County stockmen incorporated the Willamette Valley and Cascade Mountain Road in 1864, and vacationers as well as stockmen came to rely on what came to be called the Santiam Wagon Road. This toll road was later replaced with U.S. Highway 20.
Transportation was often easier by water than land in the early decades of American settlement in the Willamette Valley. The South Santiam River was too shallow for large boats, so in 1872 construction began on a canal to carry barges laden with goods between Lebanon and Albany. But the water flowed too fast for upstream shipping, and the coming of the railroad curtailed downstream shipping. Today, however, the canal is still in use, running through Lebanon backyards to provide water for the people of Albany.
Railroads helped Lebanon provide its goods not only to Albany but to the world. The Albany–Lebanon Railroad, completed in 1880, was a branch of the Oregon and California Railroad's north–south line through Albany. The Southern Pacific eventually took over these lines and, in 1910, rerouted the old Oregonian line through Lebanon.
From the 1890s on, a great variety of farming and food-processing industries flourished in the area. Eastern Oregon came to dominate in wheat growing, but Lebanon-area farmers produced orchard fruits, berries, walnuts, filberts, hops, flax, vegetables, forage crops, turkeys, mohair, honey, and flowers for florists. Lebanon had a cheese factory, a creamery, potato warehouses, a cannery, and prune and nut driers. In the 1920s, the local grass-seed industry got its start, and by the 1930s Linn County was the leading county in grass-seed production in the United States.
Lebanon's most celebrated crop has been strawberries. By 1907, Lebanon was one of the leading strawberry-growing areas in the Willamette Valley. Lebanon's Strawberry Festival – featuring, since 1931, "the World's Largest Strawberry Shortcake" – has been an annual event since 1909. As of 2020, however, only one local strawberry field remains.
The local wood-products industry began to grow around 1900, which the supply of timber in the upper Midwest declined. The industry began to boom when the Oregon and Electric Railroad was completed, in 1932. New sawmills were built along the line in town as well as in the mountains. From 1937 to 1942, twenty new mills opened in the city; they made a great variety of wood products. The paper mill, which had originally made paper from wheat straw, doubled in size in 1936 to process logs that were floated down the South Santiam River. The local population swelled, and the Great Depression had little effect on the city.
In 1940, a still greater boom began. That year, Evans Products built what was purported to be the biggest plywood mill in the world. "Evansville" became a station on the Oregon and Electric line. World War II increased the demand for plywood, and women took men's places in the mill. From 1940 to 1950, Lebanon's population grew by 115 percent.
In 1952, the plywood plant, now called Cascade Plywood, began producing Lebanite, a hard composite board. Lebanon residents began calling themselves Lebanites. Cascade Plywood came to dominate Lebanon's economy.
Lebanon's economy began a slow decline in the 1970s. As overharvesting in the nearby forests made timber extraction more expensive, the mills began closing. Lebanon's paper mill closed in 1980, the plywood mill in 1984, and the Lebanite hardwood plant in 2004. Weyerhaeuser shut down the last of the big mills in 2006 and 2007. Unemployment rocketed, and Main Street storefronts were left empty.
In the twenty-first century, the city's economy has improved. The openings of the College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific Northwest, in 2011, the Edward C. Allworth Veterans’ Home, in 2017, and Linn-Benton Community College's HealthCare Occupations Center, in 2017, have sparked growth. Weyerhaeuser opened the state-of-the-art Santiam Lumber sawmill in 2008, only one year after closing down the old Bauman sawmill. Main Street storefronts and old houses are being renovated, and brewpubs, bakeries, and other new businesses are thriving.
Arts and culture
Annual cultural events
Lebanon is the home of the World's Largest Strawberry Shortcake, a part of the annual Strawberry Festival that began in 1909. The Strawberry Festival includes a Junior Parade, a Grand Parade (featuring the Strawberry Royalty Court), and a carnival. It is held the first weekend of June.
Recreation
Parks
The city has 15 developed parks, totaling , which provide residents with baseball, softball, and soccer fields, as well as playgrounds, basketball and tennis courts, and other resources. Gills Landing has a boat ramp and dock, as well as an RV park, camping area, and showers. Ralston Park hosts the town's Christmas tree and yearly lighting celebration.
Trails
A local nonprofit organization, Build Lebanon Trails, is working with the city government to build more than of walking and biking trails in Lebanon.
Notable people
David W. Ballard (1824–1875), governor of Idaho territory
Carson "Skeeter" Bigbee (1895–1964), professional baseball outfielder
Eric Castle (1970–), former NFL safety and special teams player for the San Diego Chargers
Warren C. Gill (1912–1987), Coast Guard veteran, Oregon State Representative and State Senator
Michael Merzenich (1942–), world-renowned neuroscientist
Jo Collins (1945–), actress and 1965 Playmate of the Year
Howard Hesseman (1940–2022), actor
Ben Howland (1957–), college basketball coach
Pat McQuistan (1983–), offensive lineman for the Arizona Cardinals
Paul McQuistan (1983–), offensive lineman for the Seattle Seahawks
Tom Medley (1920–2014), cartoonist (creator of Stroker McGurk) and magazine editor
Katherine Ann Power (1949–), former fugitive for manslaughter and armed robbery
Doug Riesenberg (1965–), former NFL offensive tackle
Mike Royer (1941–), comic book artist at Marvel and DC Comics
Dave Roberts (1951–), MLB third baseman
Dick Smith (1939–2012), MLB outfielder and first baseman
References
External links
Entry for Lebanon in the Oregon Blue Book
City of Lebanon website
Chamber of Commerce
Lebanon Express newspaper
Lebanon Local newspaper
Historic photos of Lebanon from Salem Public Library[h
Lewis, David. "The 1851 Treaty Commission Journal: Santiam Kalapuya Negotiations."
City of Lebanon Historic Context Statement
"Lebanon" entry in Oregon Encyclopedia
Cities in Oregon
Cities in Linn County, Oregon
Micropolitan areas of Oregon
1878 establishments in Oregon
Populated places established in 1878
|
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130869
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyons%2C%20Oregon
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Lyons, Oregon
|
Lyons is a city in Linn County, Oregon, United States. The population was 1,161 at the 2010 census. The center of population of Oregon is located in Lyons.
History
Some homes in the town were destroyed in the 2020 Santiam Fire.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which is land and is water.
Climate
This region experiences warm (but not hot) and dry summers, with no average monthly temperatures above . According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Lyons has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate, abbreviated "Csb" on climate maps.
Demographics
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 1,161 people, 444 households, and 332 families living in the city. The population density was . There were 475 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 91.4% White, 0.4% African American, 1.5% Native American, 1.1% Asian, 0.4% Pacific Islander, 2.0% from other races, and 3.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.5% of the population.
There were 444 households, of which 29.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.0% were married couples living together, 5.6% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.2% had a male householder with no wife present, and 25.2% were non-families. 16.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.61 and the average family size was 2.92.
The median age in the city was 44.7 years. 21.8% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.5% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 21.9% were from 25 to 44; 34% were from 45 to 64; and 15.7% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 51.0% male and 49.0% female.
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,008 people, 372 households, and 296 families living in the city. The population density was 1,165.8 people per square mile (452.5/km). There were 395 housing units at an average density of 456.8 per square mile (177.3/km). The racial makeup of the city was 93.06% White, 1.79% Native American, 0.20% Asian, 0.20% Pacific Islander, 0.79% from other races, and 3.97% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.69% of the population.
There were 372 households, out of which 31.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 66.4% were married couples living together, 7.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 20.4% were non-families. 14.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.71 and the average family size was 2.94.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 25.8% under the age of 18, 7.7% from 18 to 24, 25.3% from 25 to 44, 28.4% from 45 to 64, and 12.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.5 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $40,368, and the median income for a family was $45,875. Males had a median income of $34,286 versus $22,083 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,628. About 9.3% of families and 11.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.1% of those under age 18 and 15.2% of those age 65 or over.
Points of interest
Experimental 1100 kV AC powerline at 44°46'22"N 122°38'55"W
References
External links
Entry for Lyons in the Oregon Blue Book
Cities in Oregon
Cities in Linn County, Oregon
1958 establishments in Oregon
|
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] |
130870
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millersburg%2C%20Oregon
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Millersburg, Oregon
|
Millersburg is a city in Linn County, Oregon, United States. Millersburg originally was the name of a station on the Southern Pacific railroad line, which was named for a local farming family. The population was 1,329 at the 2010 census.
History
Millersburg came into being in 1974, to prevent the city of Albany from attempting to extend its city limits to include where Wah Chang Corporation operated a zirconium processing plant for the United States Bureau of Mines.
Although now owned by Allegheny Technologies and until recently known as ATI Wah Chang, this processing plant is the city's largest employer.
Millersburg's infamous stench of past years, often attributed to the Wah Chang facility, is actually generated by the nearby Weyerhaeuser wood products processing mill. This has lent support to various attempts to close both plants. In August 2008, Weyerhauser sold the mill to International Paper. International Paper then closed the mill at the end of 2009, laying off 270 employees. As of summer 2010, the mill sits idle.
On July 22, 2010 the demolition of the paper mill, now owned by International Paper, began with the implosion of the number 4 recovery boiler.
In 2008, Peak Sun Silicon built a polysilicon production facility in Millersburg. They currently employ about 50 people with plans to expand up to 500 jobs by 2013. However Peak Sun Silicon's land in Oregon was foreclosed on after they were unable to repay a loan from the Oregon Department of Energy.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which is land and is water.
Demographics
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 1,329 people, 504 households, and 387 families living in the city. The population density was . There were 538 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 91.9% White, 0.1% African American, 1.1% Native American, 1.4% Asian, 3.0% from other races, and 2.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.6% of the population.
There were 504 households, of which 34.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 65.3% were married couples living together, 7.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.0% had a male householder with no wife present, and 23.2% were non-families. 16.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.63 and the average family size was 2.92.
The median age in the city was 41.2 years. 23.6% of residents were under the age of 18; 5.2% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 27.2% were from 25 to 44; 30% were from 45 to 64; and 14.1% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 50.6% male and 49.4% female.
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 651 people, 263 households, and 179 families living in the city. The population density was 145.9 people per square mile (56.4/km). There were 288 housing units at an average density of 64.6 per square mile (24.9/km). The racial makeup of the city was 96.47% White, 0.77% Native American, 0.92% Asian, 0.15% from other races, and 1.69% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.76% of the population.
There were 263 households, out of which 30.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.3% were married couples living together, 6.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.6% were non-families. 25.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.48 and the average family size was 2.98.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 24.4% under the age of 18, 6.0% from 18 to 24, 29.3% from 25 to 44, 29.0% from 45 to 64, and 11.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 105.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 103.3 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $35,469, and the median income for a family was $48,393. Males had a median income of $35,909 versus $25,625 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,964. About 7.1% of families and 8.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.0% of those under age 18 and 12.9% of those age 65 or over.
References
External links
Entry for Millersburg in the Oregon Blue Book
Cities in Oregon
Cities in Linn County, Oregon
1974 establishments in Oregon
Populated places on the Willamette River
|
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130871
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scio%2C%20Oregon
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Scio, Oregon
|
Scio ( ) is a city in Linn County, Oregon, United States. The population was 838 at the 2010 census.
History
Oregon Geographic Names suggests that Scio was named by one of the original residents, William McKinney, who, with Henry L. Turner, set up a flour mill at the new town. Turner suggested McKinney come up with a name for the place, and McKinney used the name of his former home, Scio, Ohio.
Scio in Ohio is, in turn named for a Greek island called Chios; the Italian version of the name is Scio.
Scio post office, headed by postmaster Euphronius Wheeler, was established on October 3, 1860.
Thomas Creek, which flows through the city, was named for Frederick Thomas, who obtained a Donation Land Claim and settled on the banks of the creek in 1846.
A flood in January 2012 caused significant property damage in Scio and the surrounding area.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all land.
Climate
This region experiences warm (but not hot) and dry summers, with no average monthly temperatures above . According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Scio has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate, abbreviated "Csb" on climate maps.
Demographics
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 838 people, 306 households, and 225 families living in the city. The population density was . There were 324 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 91.4% White, 0.4% African American, 1.8% Native American, 0.6% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 2.0% from other races, and 3.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.1% of the population.
There were 306 households, of which 35.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.3% were married couples living together, 14.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 6.5% had a male householder with no wife present, and 26.5% were non-families. 20.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.74 and the average family size was 3.18.
The median age in the city was 34.8 years. 27.1% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 26.5% were from 25 to 44; 24.8% were from 45 to 64; and 14% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.8% male and 50.2% female.
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 695 people, 265 households, and 188 families living in the city. The population density was 2,202.6 people per square mile (838.6/km). There were 278 housing units at an average density of 881.0 per square mile (335.4/km). The racial makeup of the city was 93.24% White, 3.88% Native American, 0.43% Asian, 0.14% from other races, and 2.30% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.87% of the population.
There were 265 households, out of which 35.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.7% were married couples living together, 10.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.7% were non-families. 24.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.61 and the average family size was 3.07.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 28.9% under the age of 18, 8.6% from 18 to 24, 24.6% from 25 to 44, 22.6% from 45 to 64, and 15.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 84.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 81.0 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $36,111, and the median income for a family was $38,906. Males had a median income of $31,726 versus $27,833 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,222. About 7.7% of families and 10.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.8% of those under age 18 and 29.9% of those age 65 or over.
Points of interest
Scio refers to itself as the "Covered Bridge Capital of the West." There are five bridges as part of its Covered Bridge Tour out of a total of eight in Linn County. Scio is also home to the ZCBJ Hall, a lodge built on beside Thomas Creek in 1922 by the large Czechoslovakian population then living in the area. Now owned by the Linn County Lamb and Wool Fair, the lodge is used for community events and rented out for private events such as weddings.
References
External links
Listing for Scio in the Oregon Blue Book
Cities in Oregon
Cities in Linn County, Oregon
1860 establishments in Oregon
Populated places established in 1860
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130872
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodaville%2C%20Oregon
|
Sodaville, Oregon
|
Sodaville is a city in Linn County, Oregon, United States. The population was 308 at the 2010 census.
The city's name comes from the nearby Sodaville Mineral Springs. A post office at Sodaville operated from 1871 to 1933.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all land.
Demographics
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 308 people, 116 households, and 85 families living in the city. The population density was . There were 121 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 89.3% White, 0.6% African American, 1.6% Native American, 1.0% Asian, 0.3% from other races, and 7.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.9% of the population.
There were 116 households, of which 34.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.1% were married couples living together, 6.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.2% had a male householder with no wife present, and 26.7% were non-families. 19.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.66 and the average family size was 3.08.
The median age in the city was 43.5 years. 24.7% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 20.1% were from 25 to 44; 35.4% were from 45 to 64; and 13% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 51.9% male and 48.1% female.
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 290 people, 105 households, and 80 families living in the city. The population density was 921.0 people per square mile (361.2/km). There were 115 housing units at an average density of 365.2 per square mile (143.2/km). The racial makeup of the city was 92.07% White, 0.69% African American, 1.38% Native American, 2.07% Asian, 0.69% Pacific Islander, 1.38% from other races, and 1.72% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.14% of the population.
There were 105 households, out of which 37.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.0% were married couples living together, 10.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.9% were non-families. 18.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.76 and the average family size was 3.15.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 29.0% under the age of 18, 6.2% from 18 to 24, 28.3% from 25 to 44, 24.5% from 45 to 64, and 12.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.3 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $41,875, and the median income for a family was $45,682. Males had a median income of $28,750 versus $21,875 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,596. About 7.7% of families and 8.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.7% of those under the age of eighteen and 3.2% of those 65 or over.
References
External links
Entry for Sodaville in the Oregon Blue Book
"Memories Spring Eternal in Sodaville – Corvallis Gazette-Times
Cities in Oregon
Cities in Linn County, Oregon
Spa towns in Oregon
1880 establishments in Oregon
Populated places established in 1880
|
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] |
130873
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South%20Lebanon%2C%20Oregon
|
South Lebanon, Oregon
|
South Lebanon is a census-designated place (CDP) in Linn County, Oregon, United States, comprising unincorporated land on the south side of the city of Lebanon. The population was 1,005 at the 2010 census. The population and area of the CDP decreased between 2000 and 2010 as the city limits of Lebanon expanded southward.
Geography
South Lebanon is located at (44.509404, -122.904199). The elevation is above sea level. U.S. Route 20 runs along the northeast edge of the CDP, leading north into Lebanon and southeast to Sweet Home.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , all land.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,155 people, 411 households, and 325 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 848.5 people per square mile (327.9/km2). There were 422 housing units at an average density of 310.0/sq mi (119.8/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 96.45% White, 0.69% Native American, 0.09% Asian, 0.17% from other races, and 2.60% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.99% of the population.
There were 411 households, out of which 33.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.0% were married couples living together, 8.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 20.7% were non-families. 17.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.81 and the average family size was 3.11.
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 26.5% under the age of 18, 10.0% from 18 to 24, 24.2% from 25 to 44, 23.7% from 45 to 64, and 15.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.3 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $31,172, and the median income for a family was $32,656. Males had a median income of $31,985 versus $23,750 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $15,247. About 10.1% of families and 8.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.5% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over.
References
Unincorporated communities in Linn County, Oregon
Census-designated places in Oregon
Census-designated places in Linn County, Oregon
Unincorporated communities in Oregon
|
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130874
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweet%20Home%2C%20Oregon
|
Sweet Home, Oregon
|
Sweet Home is a city in Linn County, Oregon, United States. The population was 8,925 at the 2010 census. According to the city, "Sweet Home is sometimes referred to as the 'Gateway to the Santiam Playground' due to its proximity to nearby lakes, rivers and the Cascade Mountains."
History
Settlers first arrived in the Sweet Home Valley in the early 1850s. A community known as Buckhead developed near the mouth of Ames Creek and the South Santiam River. Buckhead was named after a saloon that featured a set of elk antlers on the gable end of its building. East of Buckhead, a community called Mossville developed with a store and post office. In 1874, the two communities merged to become one community called Sweet Home. In 1893, the city of Sweet Home was incorporated.
The Santiam Wagon Road, a toll road connecting the Willamette Valley with central Oregon, was opened in 1865. The road extended from the Sweet Home Valley across the Santiam Pass in the Cascades to Camp Polk near Sisters. The Santiam Wagon Road was a vital means of supplying livestock and goods from western Oregon to central Oregon and transporting wool from east of the Cascades back to Willamette Valley woolen mills. Competition with railroads that extended south from the Columbia River into central Oregon and the newly opened McKenzie Pass Highway made the wagon road obsolete by the late 1930s. U.S. Route 20 was constructed across much of the same route as the Santiam Wagon Road.
Sweet Home experienced significant growth during the 1940s due to the demand for timber from local forests. Further growth occurred when construction began on nearby Green Peter Dam in 1962 and continued as construction began on Foster Dam in 1966.
During the 1980s, Sweet Home experienced a number of sawmill and plywood mill closures due to economic cycles, increased competition, increased productivity, and logging restrictions placed on nearby forests resulting from environmental concerns for endangered species. In response, community members sought out other economic development opportunities such as the Oregon Jamboree country music and camping festival.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which is land and is water.
The intersection Oregon Route 228 and U.S. Route 20 occurs at the Western end of Sweet Home.
The South Santiam River flows from Foster Reservoir along the northern city limits of Sweet Home. Ames Creek and Wiley Creek flow into the South Santiam River within the city limits.
Sweet Home is built on a prehistoric petrified forest. In addition to fossil wood, the area includes a variety of agate, jasper, crystals and minerals.
Climate
The region experiences warm (but not hot) and dry summers, with no average monthly temperatures above . According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Sweet Home has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate, abbreviated "Csb" on climate maps.
Demographics
The median income for a household in the city was $43,589; 20.7% of persons were below the poverty line.
2020 census
As of the census of 2020, there were 9,828 people, 3,721 households, and 2,315 families residing in the city. The population density was . There were 4,037 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 93.3% White, 0.3% African American, 1.3% Native American, 0.8% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 1.1% from other races, and 3.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.7% of the population.
There were 3,721 households, of which 24.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 38.7% were married couples living together, 27.1% had a female householder with no spouse present, and 23.2% had a male householder with no spouse present. 25.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.57 and the average family size was 3.00.
The median age in the city was 39.0 years. 24.7% of residents were under the age of 18. The gender makeup of the city was 51.6% male and 48.4% female.
Economy
Major employers in Sweet Home include Ti Squared Technologies, a titanium foundry; White's Electronics, a metal detector manufacturer; HEVI-Shot, a manufacturer of shotshell ammunition; Cascade Timber Consulting, a timber investment management organization; United States Forest Service, Radiator Supply House, Murphy Plywood, McCool Millworks and the Sweet Home School District.
Arts and culture
Annual cultural events
Oregon Jamboree
Covered bridges
The Weddle Covered Bridge, relocated from Thomas Creek near Scio, crosses Ames Creek at Sankey Park in Sweet Home. The Crawfordsville Covered Bridge spans the Calapooia River southwest of Sweet Home and the Short Covered Bridge crosses the South Santiam River east of Sweet Home.
2018 U.S. Capitol Christmas Tree
The 2018 Capitol Christmas Tree, which comes from a different national forest every year, was acquired by the Sweet Home Ranger District (it is named after the town in which it is headquartered). The ranger district, part of the Willamette National Forest, was awarded the opportunity to present the tree to the American people for the 2018 Christmas season.
Recreation
Sweet Home has seven city parks. Nearby recreation opportunities include boating, hunting, fishing, hiking, white-water sports, camping and gold panning.
Foster Reservoir on the South Santiam River has boat ramps and a year-round marina while Green Peter Reservoir provides two improved boat ramps. The South Santiam River offers salmon and steelhead fishing while Quartzville Creek is recognized for Class 4 and Class 5 kayaking and gold panning opportunities.
Nearby hiking trails include Horse Rock Ridge, Soda Creek Falls Trail at Cascadia State Park and numerous trails throughout the Willamette National Forest. The Menagerie Wilderness provides rock climbing challenges.
An 18-hole golf course, Mallard Creek Golf Club, is northwest of Sweet Home. The nearest ski resort, Hoo Doo Ski Bowl, is to the east, near Santiam Pass.
Sweet Home has also been featured on the Travel Channel program "Cash and Treasures" for an abundant petrified wood find at Holleywood Ranch between Sweet Home and Holley, Oregon.
Transportation
Sweet Home public transportation service is provided by Linn Shuttle.
Education
Sweet Home is served by the Sweet Home School District. The district includes Sweet Home High School, a junior high school and four elementary schools. The district covers Sweet Home, Cascadia, Crawfordsville, Holley, Liberty, Pleasant Valley and other surrounding communities.
Linn–Benton Community College operates a branch campus in Sweet Home.
Media
The New Era newspaper is published weekly. The daily Albany Democrat-Herald also serves the city.
Notable people
People born or who lived in Sweet Home:
John Arthur Ackroyd (1949-2016), murderer and suspected serial killer; born in Sweet Home
Howard Bergerson (1922–2011), writer; lived in Sweet Home
Dr. James McCarthy (1944–2019), professor of biological oceanography at Harvard University, recipient of the 2018 Tyler Prize for Environmental Achievement; raised in Sweet Home
Matt Slauson (born 1986), offensive lineman, Los Angeles Chargers; attended and played football for Sweet Home High School
References
External links
Entry for Sweet Home in the Oregon Blue Book
Cities in Oregon
Cities in Linn County, Oregon
1874 establishments in Oregon
Populated places established in 1874
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130875
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangent%2C%20Oregon
|
Tangent, Oregon
|
Tangent is a city in Linn County, Oregon, United States. The population was 1,231 at the 2020 census.
Tangent was the site of a railway station on the Southern Pacific line south of Albany. Its name referred to a straight stretch of the line with no curves for more than . The federal government established a post office in Tangent on September 17, 1872.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all land.
Climate
This region experiences warm (but not hot) and dry summers, with no average monthly temperatures above . According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Tangent has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate, abbreviated "Csb" on climate maps.
Demographics
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 1,164 people, 410 households, and 315 families living in the city. The population density was . There were 433 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 89.4% White, 0.2% African American, 0.8% Native American, 0.3% Asian, 0.2% Pacific Islander, 4.6% from other races, and 4.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 8.4% of the population.
There were 410 households, of which 39.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.3% were married couples living together, 13.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.1% had a male householder with no wife present, and 23.2% were non-families. 16.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.83 and the average family size was 3.17.
The median age in the city was 36.7 years. 29.2% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.4% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 24.5% were from 25 to 44; 26% were from 45 to 64; and 12.8% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.4% male and 50.6% female.
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 933 people, 339 households, and 262 families living in the city. The population density was 246.9 people per square mile (95.3/km2). There were 366 housing units at an average density of 96.9 per square mile (37.4/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 95.71% White, 1.07% Native American, 0.32% Pacific Islander, 1.29% from other races, and 1.61% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.79% of the population.
There were 339 households, out of which 35.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 66.1% were married couples living together, 7.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.7% were non-families. 17.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.75 and the average family size was 3.08.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 27.9% under the age of 18, 5.9% from 18 to 24, 32.7% from 25 to 44, 22.8% from 45 to 64, and 10.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.8 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $44,231, and the median income for a family was $50,450. Males had a median income of $36,458 versus $21,250 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,012. About 5.2% of families and 6.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.0% of those under age 18 and 2.0% of those age 65 or over.
References
External links
Entry for Tangent in the Oregon Blue Book
Cities in Oregon
Cities in Linn County, Oregon
1893 establishments in Oregon
Populated places established in 1893
|
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130876
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterloo%2C%20Oregon
|
Waterloo, Oregon
|
Waterloo is a city in Linn County, Oregon, United States. The population was 229 at the 2010 census.
The city's name, a joking reference to the Battle of Waterloo, stemmed from a 19th-century court decision that settled a land dispute at Kees Mill along the South Santiam River. After the dispute ended, Kees Mill became known as Waterloo.
The federal government established a post office at Waterloo on January 5, 1875. S. D. Granger was its first postmaster. The post office closed in 1974.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , all land. The closest city is Lebanon.
Climate
This region experiences warm (but not hot) and dry summers, with no average monthly temperatures above . According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Waterloo has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate, abbreviated "Csb" on climate maps.
Demographics
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 229 people, 79 households, and 62 families living in the town. The population density was . There were 87 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the town was 96.5% White, 1.3% Native American, 0.4% from other races, and 1.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.7% of the population.
There were 79 households, of which 29.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.0% were married couples living together, 11.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.1% had a male householder with no wife present, and 21.5% were non-families. 17.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 3.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.90 and the average family size was 3.27.
The median age in the town was 42.3 years. 22.7% of residents were under the age of 18; 7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 25.3% were from 25 to 44; 31.5% were from 45 to 64; and 13.5% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 52.8% male and 47.2% female.
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 239 people, 83 households, and 60 families living in the city. The population density was 1,583.2 people per square mile (615.2/km). There were 91 housing units at an average density of 602.8 per square mile (234.2/km). The racial makeup of the city was 97.49% White, 0.42% African American, 1.26% Native American, 0.42% Asian, and 0.42% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.09% of the population.
There were 83 households, out of which 27.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.0% were married couples living together, 8.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.7% were non-families. 20.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.88 and the average family size was 3.33.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 29.3% under the age of 18, 7.5% from 18 to 24, 25.5% from 25 to 44, 24.7% from 45 to 64, and 13.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 104.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 103.6 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $34,688, and the median income for a family was $39,583. Males had a median income of $32,250 versus $25,000 for females. The per capita income for the city was $13,931. About 10.9% of families and 11.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.8% of those under the age of eighteen and 13.8% of those 65 or over.
References
External links
Entry for Waterloo in the Oregon Blue Book
Cities in Oregon
Cities in Linn County, Oregon
1893 establishments in Oregon
Populated places established in 1893
|
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130877
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrian%2C%20Oregon
|
Adrian, Oregon
|
Adrian is a city in Malheur County, Oregon, United States, near the confluence of the Snake River and the Owyhee River. The population was 177 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Ontario, OR–ID Micropolitan Statistical Area.
History
In 1913, Oregon Short Line Railroad built a branch into this part of Malheur County. There was a post office called Riverview on the east side of the Snake River and because the railroad did not want a station of the same name on the west side, the name Adrian was suggested by Reuben McCreary, who platted the townsite. The name was chosen to honor his birthplace, Adrian, Illinois. Riverview post office was established in 1911, but moved across the river in 1915 and the name changed to Adrian in 1919. It was previously thought that the city was named for James Adrian, a sheep rancher, but he did not arrive in the area until 1916.
Adrian is located on the Southern Alternate route of the Oregon Trail, a longer route that eliminated the need to cross the Snake River.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all of it land.
Climate
According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Adrian has a semi-arid climate, abbreviated "BSk" on climate maps.
Demographics
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 177 people, 70 households, and 45 families residing in the city. The population density was . There were 78 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 89.8% White, 0.6% Native American, 1.1% Asian, 2.8% from other races, and 5.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 27.1% of the population.
There were 70 households, of which 25.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.7% were married couples living together, 7.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 1.4% had a male householder with no wife present, and 35.7% were non-families. 27.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.53 and the average family size was 3.20.
The median age in the city was 44.4 years. 22% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.2% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 24.2% were from 25 to 44; 24.8% were from 45 to 64; and 22.6% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.2% male and 50.8% female.
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 147 people, 59 households, and 38 families residing in the city. The population density was 597.0 people per square mile (227.0/km). There were 66 housing units at an average density of 268.0 per square mile (101.9/km). The racial makeup of the city was 85.03% White, 0.68% Native American, 10.88% from other races, and 3.40% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 14.97% of the population.
There were 59 households, out of which 25.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.5% were married couples living together, 11.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.9% were non-families. 30.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.49 and the average family size was 3.21.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 25.9% under the age of 18, 9.5% from 18 to 24, 22.4% from 25 to 44, 21.8% from 45 to 64, and 20.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 72.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.7 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $30,000, and the median income for a family was $38,438. Males had a median income of $31,250 versus $26,667 for females. The per capita income for the city was $10,740. There were 17.8% of families and 8.0% of the population living below the poverty line, including 3.1% of under eighteens and 22.5% of those over 64.
Education
It is a part of the Adrian School District
Adrian Elementary and Middle School
Adrian High School
Transportation
Several highways originate, terminate or pass through Adrian:
Idaho Route 18
Oregon Route 201
Oregon Route 452
Oregon Route 453
Oregon Route 454
References
External links
Entry for Adrian in the Oregon Blue Book
Adrian School District
Cities in Oregon
Cities in Malheur County, Oregon
Ontario, Oregon micropolitan area
1915 establishments in Oregon
|
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordan%20Valley%2C%20Oregon
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Jordan Valley, Oregon
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Jordan Valley is a city in Malheur County, Oregon, United States. It is part of the Ontario, OR–ID Micropolitan Statistical Area. The city lies along Jordan Creek, a tributary of the Owyhee River; the creek is named for a 19th-century prospector, Michael M. Jordan. The population was 181 at the 2010 census.
History
Indigenous peoples
Northern Paiute people were the first in the area, frequenting nearby mountains and streambeds to find or follow food sources. When early settlers arrived, conflict developed over local resources, eventually escalating to the Snake War. The conflict lasted from 1864 to 1868 and left two thirds of the Paiutes dead, with those that remained sent to a reservation.
Early settlement
Non-native settlement in the area was largely driven by the 1863 discovery of gold along Jordan Creek by a group of prospectors camping in the area. Soon after, the area was named Jordan Valley after Michael M. Jordan, one of the men in the group. Jean Baptiste Charbonneau, the son of Sacagawea, was among the early miners who came to the area.
Another miner named Silas Skinner organized a small team and built a road to more easily access Jordan Creek. The road passed through the current-day location of Jordan Valley, which soon became a pack station where miners would wait for snow to melt enough to access the mining area. The town also served as a rest stop for those travelling between larger mining towns such as Silver City, Ruby City, and De Lamar. A post office opened in 1867 in the cabin of John Baxter, one of the first permanent residents of Jordan Valley. Skinner operated his toll road until 1878, when the Owyhee County Commissioners took over responsibility for all roads in the area. He then settled in Jordan Valley and opened the Skinner Ranch.
Economic transition
When mining declined in the area and populations of boomtowns like Silver City dwindled around 1875, residents of Jordan Valley survived by transitioning to ranching. By 1867, 11 ranches were operating locally. In 1888, there were an estimated 100,000 head of cattle in the area. Ranching supported continuing growth of the community until the Great Depression struck in 1929. This financial hardship, coupled with the remoteness of the town (and subsequent lack of law enforcement) made bootlegging grow in popularity during the last few years of Prohibition.
Basque immigration
Many Basque immigrants came to Jordan Valley, starting around 1889 with the arrival of José Navarro and Antone Azcuenaga. Local oral history claims that before long, the Basques comprised around two thirds of the population of the town. A pelota court, known as the Pelota Fronton, was built in 1915, and still stands as a historic landmark. The Basques also constructed several sandstone buildings, including three boarding houses, and (with the help of local Irish immigrants) the St. Bernard's Catholic Church, which can still be seen today. Basque immigration to the area slowed with the passing of the Taylor Grazing Act of 1934, which favored cattle ranching over sheep, the Basques' preferred livestock.
Declining population
Jordan Valley's population steadily dwindled after the 1920s, with the only notable growth being correlated with the 1977 opening of the DeLamar Mine, and its reopening by the Kinross Gold Corporation in 1993, when the population grew from 376 to 446. The mine closed in 1999, and by 2016, the population of Jordan Valley had dwindled to around 175. In 2017, Integra Resources Corporation purchased the mine, but as of 2019, is still in the process of researching and planning future silver mining operations for the site.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all of it land.
Jordan Valley's most prominent geographical landmark is the blunt plateau across Jordan Creek and adjacent to town, Pharmacy Hill.
Jordan Valley's main occupations are cattle ranching and sheep herding. People in those occupations typically live far from town on homesteads, but use Jordan Valley as their cultural and economic center. People within Jordan Valley primarily provide a number of services to tourists passing through on U.S. Route 95, which is the primary road from Boise, Idaho to Reno, Nevada.
Jordan Valley is known for its excellent hunting and fishing as well as its proximity to Jordan Craters, an extinct volcanic field. Other popular areas nearby include Leslie Gulch, Cow Lakes, Antelope Reservoir, and Three Forks to the south.
Demographics
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 181 people, 94 households, and 53 families residing in the city. The population density was . There were 149 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 95.0% White, 3.3% Native American, and 1.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.6% of the population.
There were 94 households, of which 17.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.5% were married couples living together, 9.6% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 43.6% were non-families. 35.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.93 and the average family size was 2.45.
The median age in the city was 55.9 years. 14.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 2.2% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 12.7% were from 25 to 44; 38.1% were from 45 to 64; and 32% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.7% male and 50.3% female.
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 239 people, 109 households, and 66 families residing in the city. The population density was 114.6 people per square mile (44.4/km2). There were 140 housing units at an average density of 67.2 per square mile (26.0/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 93.72% White, 0.42% Asian, 0.42% Pacific Islander, 1.67% from other races, and 3.77% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.09% of the population.
There were 109 households, out of which 20.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.5% were married couples living together, 6.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.4% were non-families. 36.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.17 and the average family size was 2.85.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 22.6% under the age of 18, 5.4% from 18 to 24, 20.9% from 25 to 44, 30.5% from 45 to 64, and 20.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 45 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.9 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $25,313, and the median income for a family was $37,500. Males had a median income of $32,917 versus $16,750 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,501. About 13.5% of families and 20.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22.0% of those under the age of 18 and 8.9% of those 65 or over.
Education
Jordan Valley is served by the Jordan Valley School District, including Jordan Valley High School.
References
External links
Entry for Jordan Valley in the Oregon Blue Book
Cities in Oregon
Cities in Malheur County, Oregon
Ontario, Oregon micropolitan area
Basque-American culture in Oregon
Populated places established in 1911
1911 establishments in Oregon
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyssa%2C%20Oregon
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Nyssa, Oregon
|
Nyssa is a city in Malheur County, Oregon, United States. The population was 3,267 at the 2010 census. The city is located along the Snake River on the Idaho border, in the region of far eastern Oregon known as the "Treasure Valley". It is part of the Ontario, OR–ID Micropolitan Statistical Area.
The primary industry in the region is agriculture, including the cultivation of Russet potatoes, sugar beets, onions, corn, flower seed, mint, and wheat. The city's economy relies on the surrounding agricultural area with its several large onion and potato packaging plants.
History
The area surrounding the city was originally inhabited by Native Americans. Northern Paiute and Cayuse frequented the area but had difficulty living in the relatively harsh climate. The original Fort Boise, established in the 1830s, is nearby to the southeast. The city was originally a shipping center for sheep and stock on the Union Pacific's main trunk line.
Experiments with growing sugar beets were begun in 1935 by R. H. Tallman, the Idaho district manager of the Amalgamated Sugar Company. Successful yields led to the first Amalgamated-designed and built factory, which began operation on October 9, 1938. The factory was located at , on both the Union Pacific Railroad lines and along U.S. Route 20.
In 1942, during World War II, Japanese Americans who had been removed from their West Coast homes worked in a farm labor camp outside Nyssa. Most of these internees came from the Portland Assembly Center and had volunteered to work in the Farm Security Administration camp to avoid incarceration. The camp consisted of approximately 100 canvas tents, each containing a wood stove and a bare light bulb, as well as laundry and bathroom facilities and one public tent used for meetings, dances and church services. Although the facilities were not fenced in and the laborers were trucked into Nyssa once a week for recreation and shopping, Japanese Americans were subject to a curfew and were not permitted to leave the camp without an escort. A total of some 400 men, women and children worked in the Nyssa camp, with a peak population of about 350. In November 1942, the tents being insufficient to keep out the winter cold, the camp was closed and most of the laborers moved to other FSA camps or private farms, or found employment and remained in Eastern Oregon (outside of the "exclusion zone" from which Japanese Americans were denied entry).
Near the end of the war, a branch camp for German and Italian prisoners of war from Camp Rupert, near Buhl, Idaho, was established. Those POWs helped with the sugar beet industry, typically through thinning and harvesting.
From 1936 until 2005, the Amalgamated Sugar Company (White Satin brand) owned and operated a sugar-processing plant that served as the city's main source of commerce. The closing of the plant resulted in the loss of 600 seasonal jobs. The Nyssa plant just a few years previously had produced more sugar than anywhere else for Amalgamated Sugar. To date the plant has been stripped of everything except the brown sugar line. The mechanic shop is still running. Beets are shipped to Nampa, Idaho. Nyssa also had a greenhouse and testing facilities which were later moved to Twin Falls.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all of it land.
Climate
According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Nyssa has a semi-arid climate, abbreviated "BSk" on climate maps.
Demographics
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 3,267 people, 1,051 households, and 758 families residing in the city. The population density was . There were 1,153 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 63.1% White, 0.3% African American, 0.7% Native American, 1.3% Asian, 30.9% from other races, and 3.8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 60.5% of the population.
There were 1,051 households, of which 45.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.0% were married couples living together, 14.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 7.9% had a male householder with no wife present, and 27.9% were non-families. 24.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.08 and the average family size was 3.71.
The median age in the city was 30.1 years. 34.5% of residents were under the age of 18; 9.3% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 23.7% were from 25 to 44; 19.3% were from 45 to 64; and 13.1% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 50.1% male and 49.9% female.
Notable people
John Bates (American football) (born 1997)
References
External links
City of Nyssa (official website)
Entry for Nyssa in the Oregon Blue Book
Ontario, Oregon micropolitan area
1903 establishments in Oregon
Populated places established in 1903
Cities in Oregon
Cities in Malheur County, Oregon
|
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130882
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green%20Party%20Taiwan
|
Green Party Taiwan
|
Green Party Taiwan is a political party in Taiwan established on 25 January 1996. Although the party is sympathetic to Taiwan nationalism and shares a number of centre-left positions with the Pan-Green Coalition, the party emphasizes campaigning primarily on social and environmental issues. The party is not a member of, and should not be confused with, the Pan-Green Coalition. Green Party Taiwan is a member of the Asia Pacific Greens Federation and participates in the Global Greens.
Much of the 400-strong membership are affiliated with the non-governmental organisation sector of Taiwanese society, as well as from academia and the youth community.
Electoral history
In 1996, Green Party Taiwan’s Kao Meng-ting was elected to the National Assembly. However, he left the party in 1997.
In the 2008 legislative election, the Green Party of Taiwan formed a red-green coalition with a labour-led organization Raging Citizens Act Now! (人民火大行動聯盟), but failed to win any seats.
In the 2012 legislative election, Green Party Taiwan garnered 1.7% of the party vote. While still far short of the 5% threshold to win a seat in the legislature, this makes it the largest extraparliamentary party in Taiwan. Its best showing is in Ponso no Tao where Taiwan’s nuclear waste storage facility is located. There, the party collected 35.76% of the party votes due to its strong antinuclear stance.
In the 2014 local elections, the party won two seats. Wang Hao-yu was elected to the Taoyuan City council and Jay Chou to the Hsinchu County Council.
In the 2016 general election, the party ran in a coalition with the newly founded centre-left Social Democratic Party and fielded candidates in both constituency races and the nationwide party ballot. The coalition garnered 2.5% of the party vote without winning any seats.
In the 2020 general election the Green Party nominated five, young professionals, including famed psychologist Cheng Hui-wen and party founder Kao Cheng-yan. They got 2.4% of the votes and didn’t win any seats. They were the second largest party that didn’t win a seat.
The Green Party averages around 3% of total votes cast in metropolitan urban areas, with support in rural areas, such as Orchid Island, as high as 35.8%.
List of chairpersons
Kao Cheng-yan (), 1996–1997 and 2003–2004 Chair. Professor of Computer Science at National Taiwan University; Green Party Taiwan's founding chair; former director of Taiwan Environmental Protection Union; candidate for the Legislative Yuan in 1998 and 2001.
Shin-Min Shih (), 1998 Chair. Professor of Chemical Engineering at National Taiwan University; President of the Institute of Environment and Resource; former Director of Taiwan Environmental Protection Union;
Kuang-Yu Chen (), 1999–2000 Chair. candidate for the Taipei City Councilor in 1998.
Ayo Cheng (), 2001–2002 Chair. Dean of College of Environment and Ecology at National University of Tainan; former director of Taiwan Environmental Protection Union.
Yenwen Peng (), 2005 Chair. Assistant professor of Public Administration and Management at Shih Hsin University; candidate for the Taipei City Councilor in 1998.
Sam Lin (), 2006 Co-chair. Former Chair of Taiwan Ecology Conservation Union.
Jolan Hsieh (), 2006 Co-chair. Assistant professor of Indigenous Culture at National Dong Hua University.
Chen Man-li (), 2007 Co-chair. Former president of the Homemakers' Union and Foundation; former president of the National Union of Taiwan Women Association; candidate for the Legislative Yuan in 2008. Elected to the legislature in 2016 after joining the Democratic Progressive Party.
Huei-Sean Hong (), 2007 Co-chair. President of Pingtung Environmental Protection Union; candidate for the Legislative Yuan in 2004.
Bau-Ju Chung (), 2008–2009 Co-chair. President of Hualien Environmental Protection Union; candidate for the Hualien County Councilor in 1998, 2002.
Hong-Lin Chang (), 2008–2009 Co-chair. Secretary General of the Taiwan NPO Self-regulation Alliance; former Secretary General of the Society of Wildness; candidate for the Taipei City Councilor in 2006.
Gelinda Chang, co-chair for 2011; educator.
Robin Winkler, co-chair for 2011 and 2012; lawyer and founder of Wild at Heart Legal Defense Association; naturalised Taiwanese citizen.
Karen Yu (), co-chair from 2012 to 2015; social entrepreneur and co-founder of Öko-Green Café, a Fairtrade coffee shop. Elected to the Legislative Yuan in 2016 as a member of the Democratic Progressive Party.
Lee Keng-cheng (), co-chair from 2013 to 2017; artist, educator and founder of Citizen of the Earth Taiwan, an environmental organisation.
Chang Yu-jing, co-chair from 2015 to 2017; environmental activist.
Notable persons
Linda Gail Arrigo, international affairs officer for the party; ex-wife of Shih Ming-teh.
Thomas Chan, at-large candidate for the legislature in the 2016 election. Although not elected, he was later appointed as deputy minister for the Environmental Protection Administration, in the first cabinet of the Tsai Ing-wen administration led by premier Lin Chuan.
Peter Huang: famous for his failed assassination attempt against Chiang Ching-kuo in 1970; erstwhile National Policy Advisor on human rights issues to the President of the Republic of China; avid supporter of the party since it was founded.
Pan Han-Chiang (潘翰疆), member of the Central Supervisory Committee of the party, 1999; erstwhile vice secretary-general of the Taiwan Environmental Protection Union. He split from Green Party Taiwan in 2014 to form the Trees Party.
Kao Meng-ting, who won a seat in Yunlin County for Green Party Taiwan in the ROC National Assembly in 1996, but later defected to the Democratic Progressive Party.
Lin Cheng-hsiu (林正修), erstwhile Research, Development and Evaluation Commission Director, Taipei City (apparently the only party member holding a public office in 2004); he ran unsuccessfully as an independent candidate in the 2004 legislative election. In 2007, Lin was a campaign manager for Pan-Blue Coalition's presidential candidate Ma Ying-jeou.
Sinan Mavivo (希婻‧瑪飛洑; 賴美惠), the top candidate of the Green Party Taiwan list in the legislative election 2012, is an anti-nuclear campaigner. She is of the Tao people from Pongso no Tao.
Calvin Wen (溫炳原), a former Secretary-General of the Party, competed in the by-election in Daan District due to the resignation of Diane Lee in 2009.
Rita Jhang (張竹芩) — also known as Zukkim Zong (spelled in Hakka), or JhuCin Jhang (Mandarin Chinese) — served as Secretary-General of Green Party Taiwan from April 1, 2020 to May 31, 2021. She is the current president of the North American Taiwan Studies Association and co-host of the feminist podcast "Z Green Party (Z色派對)".
Zoe Lee (李菁琪), current Secretary-General of Green Party Taiwan, cannabis advocate and podcaster, and Taiwan's first "weed lawyer" whose law firm only takes on clients accused of cannabis-related crimes.
See also
Politics of the Republic of China
List of environmental organizations
List of political parties in Taiwan
Elections in Taiwan
Green party
Notes
References
External links
Taipei Times (2008-01-14): Election fallout: Green Party stays upbeat despite poor performance
Which Ways Forward for Green Politics in Taiwan?
Green political parties
Political parties in Taiwan
Political parties established in 1996
1996 establishments in Taiwan
Global Greens member parties
Environmentalism in Taiwan
Progressive parties in Taiwan
Taiwanese nationalist political parties
|
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130883
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enk%C3%B6ping%20Municipality
|
Enköping Municipality
|
Enköping Municipality (Enköpings kommun) is a municipality in Uppsala County in east central Sweden. Its seat is located in the city of Enköping.
The present municipality consists of nearly forty original local government units. They were grouped into greater municipalities in 1952 and Enköping Municipality was created in 1971 when the City of Enköping was amalgamated with five surrounding units.
Localities
Enköping (seat)
Örsundsbro
Fjärdhundra
Grillby
Hjälstaby
Hummelsta
Lillkyrka
Bredsand
Sister cities
Kaarina, Finland
Ølstykke, Denmark (about to change due to the upcoming major municipality changes in Denmark)
Nedre Eiker, Norway
Jõgeva, Estonia
Santa Rosa, Philippines
(Source:)
Sports
The most successful sports team of the city has for several years been the football team Enköpings SK, with one peak season in the Swedish Premier Division (Allsvenskan) in 2003. Unfortunately, the team has now faced the harsh reality of sports and economics and will be playing in Division 2 in 2008. Their home arena is called Enavallen and is situated in downtown Enköping.
References
External links
Enköping Municipality - Official site
Enköpings SK - Official site
Municipalities of Uppsala County
|
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130884
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A5bo%20Municipality
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Håbo Municipality
|
Håbo Municipality () is a municipality in Uppsala County in east central Sweden. Its seat is located in the town of Bålsta.
The municipality was formed in connection with the local government reform of 1952.
Localities
Bålsta (seat)
Slottsskogen
Since 2001, the municipality is connected with the Stockholm commuter rail system by an extension to Bålsta Station. Coming with this, Bålsta now also offers interchange to regional railways, similar to Märsta, Sundbyberg and Södertälje.
See also
Håbo Hundred
Because diacritics are often dropped on the English oriented Internet, Håbo is sometimes confused with Habo Municipality, located in Jönköping County in southern Sweden.
References
External links
Håbo Municipality - Official site
Municipalities of Uppsala County
Burial sites of the House of Eric
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tierp%20Municipality
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Tierp Municipality
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Tierp Municipality (Tierps kommun) is a municipality in Uppsala County in east central Sweden. Its seat is located in the town of Tierp.
Localities
Localities in Tierp Municipality include:
Karlholmsbruk
Killskär
Månkarbo
Mehedeby
Örbyhus
Skärplinge
Söderfors
Tierp (seat)
Tobo
Upplanda
References
External links
Tierp Municipality - Official site
Municipalities of Uppsala County
Tierps Municipality
|
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ontario%2C%20Oregon
|
Ontario, Oregon
|
Ontario is the largest city in Malheur County, Oregon, United States. It lies along the Snake River at the Idaho border. The population was 11,366 at the 2010 census. The city is the largest community in the region of far eastern Oregon, also known as the Western Treasure Valley.
Ontario is the principal city of the Ontario, OR-ID Micropolitan Statistical Area, which includes Malheur County in Oregon and Payette County in Idaho.
Ontario is approximately halfway between Portland and Salt Lake City. It is the closest city to the Idaho border along Interstate 84. The city's slogan is "Where Oregon Begins".
History
Ontario was founded on 11 June 1883, by developers William Morfitt, Mary Richardson, Daniel Smith, and James Virtue. In March 1884, Richard Welch started a post office for the quarter of Ontario, so named by James Virtue after Ontario, Canada. Two months later Joseph Morton applied for a Morton post office at an island about one mile south of town, with Oscar Scott as postmaster. Unfortunately for Morton and Scott, merchants Morfitt and Richardson of Malheur City, gold miner Virtue, and lumberman Smith of Baker City acquired more land and were better financed. More importantly, Morfitt had negotiated a train depot for Ontario. All the settlers and speculators knew the railroad was coming and how important that would be to Ontario's future so Scott closed his Morton post office and built a hotel at present-day Ontario. By December, Scott was Ontario's postmaster.
The town continued to grow with the arrival of the Oregon Short Line Railroad in later 1884, and freight and passenger service were added to the town's offerings. Soon after, stock began arriving from Eastern Oregon's cattle ranches to Ontario's stockyard for transshipment to markets throughout the Pacific Northwest. Ontario became one of the largest stockyards in the West. In addition, the construction of the Nevada Ditch and other canals aided the burgeoning agricultural industry, adding those products to Ontario's exports.
Ontario was incorporated by the Oregon Legislative Assembly on 11 February 1899.
A city by the time of World War II, Ontario Mayor Elmo Smith allowed Japanese Americans to settle at a time when much of the West Coast supported their exclusion. Smith told the Associated Press "If the Japs, both alien and nationals, are a menace to the Pacific Coast safety unless they are moved inland, it appears downright cowardly to take any other stand than to put out the call, 'Send them along; we'll cooperate to the fullest possible extent in taking care of them.'" A population of about 134 in the city and surrounding county before the war ballooned to 1,000 as the county recruited farm workers during the war.
Geography
Ontario is located at an elevation of above sea level.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all of it land.
Climate
Ontario has a cold desert dry-summer continental climate, abbreviated "BSk" on climate maps. As is common with the high deserts of Oregon, winters are cold and snowy, while summers are hot, dry and sunny. The record high temperature of was observed on July 12, 1967, while the record low of was observed on January 27, 1957, and January 22, 1962.
Demographics
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 11,366 people, 4,275 households, and 2,678 families living in the city. The population density was . There were 4,620 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 69.5% White, 0.7% African American, 1.3% Native American, 2.2% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 22.6% from other races, and 3.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 41.3% of the population.
There were 4,275 households, of which 35.4% had children under age 18 living with them, 41.3% were married couples living together, 16.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 37.4% were non-families. 30.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.60 and the average family size was 3.28 .
The median age in the city was 32.1 years. 28.9% of residents were under age 18; 12.3% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 23% were from 25 to 44; 21% were from 45 to 64; and 14.9% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.3% male and 52.7% female.
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 10,985 people, 4,084 households, and 2,634 families living in the city. The population density was 2,459.3 people per square mile (948.8/km). There were 4,436 housing units at an average density of 993.1 per square mile (383.2/km). The racial makeup of the city was 69.27% White, 0.55% African American, 2.69% Asian, 0.88% Native American, 0.15% Pacific Islander, 23.09% from other races, and 3.39% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 32.05% of the population.
There were 4,084 households, out of which 35.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.4% were married couples living together, 13.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.5% were non-families. 30.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.63 and the average family size was 3.30 .
In the city, the population was spread out, with 30.5% under age 18, 11.5% from 18 to 24, 24.0% from 25 to 44, 18.6% from 45 to 64, and 15.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.2 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $29,173, and the median income for a family was $35,625. Males had a median income of $29,775 versus $21,967 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,683. About 16.4% of families and 20.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 29.0% of those under age 18 and 14.3% of those age 65 or over.
Economy
The Heinz Frozen Food Company (formerly Ore-Ida), a subsidiary of H. J. Heinz Company, processes locally grown potatoes, and annually produces over of 75 different potato products, while employing approximately 1,000. Tater tots were first created and manufactured here in 1953 (commercial distribution began in 1956).
St. Alphonsus Medical Center is a 49-bed, acute-care hospital, serving Ontario and the surrounding communities in Eastern Oregon and southwestern Idaho; it is part of the hospital system of Saint Alphonsus Regional Medical Center in Boise, Idaho.
Cannabis legalization
Since 2019, cannabis dispensaries have been an important part of Ontario's economy and a notable example of the border effect.
In November 2018, voters overturned a ban on recreational marijuana dispensaries in the town, several years after Oregon legalized recreational marijuana use. As Ontario borders Idaho (where marijuana remains illegal for all purposes), local news outlets reported that by November 2019 the city's dispensaries were generating a significant amount of revenue from Idaho residents driving across the state line. Total cannabis sales from Ontario dispensaries topped $100 million in December 2020. The additional revenue from cannabis sales reversed a years-long trend of cutting the annual city budget.
Education
Ontario is served by the Ontario School District (8C) public schools and by private schools.
Public schools
Ontario High School 9-12
Ontario Middle School 7-8
Aiken Elementary K-5
Alameda Elementary K-6
Cairo Elementary K-5
May Roberts Elementary K-6
Pioneer Elementary K-5
Private schools
Treasure Valley Christian School Pre K-12
St. Peter's Catholic School K-8
Four Rivers Community School (charter school) K-12
Media
Ontario's daily paper is the Argus Observer.
Transportation
Bus
Snake River Transit provides public transportation between points in Ontario and nearby Fruitland and Payette.
Ontario is a stop on the Eastern POINT intercity bus line between Bend and Ontario. It makes one stop per day in each direction.
Greyhound Lines offers service east and west on I-84 from Ontario.
Air
Ontario Municipal Airport
Highway
Interstate 84 - Portland - Boise - Ogden
Notable people
Cliff Bentz, Congressman for Oregon House District 2 and former state senator for Oregon's District 30
Jorge Cervantes, horticulturist, writer, and expert in medical cannabis
Madeline DeFrees, poet
Tom Edens, MLB pitcher
A. J. Feeley, NFL quarterback
Erik Fisher, skier
Sally Flynn, also known as Sally Hart, singer on The Lawrence Welk Show
Charles C. Gossett, Idaho politician
Joel Hardin, Border Patrol agent and mantracker
Denny Jones, congressman and rancher
Randall B. Kester, Oregon judge
Phyllis McGinley, children's author
Elmo Smith, newspaper editor, mayor of Ontario and governor of Oregon
Leland Evan Thomas, WWII pilot killed in action at Guadalcanal
Dave Wilcox, NFL linebacker
Sister cities
Ontario has one sister city, as designated by Sister Cities International:
Ōsakasayama, Osaka, Japan
See also
Oregon Short Line Railroad Depot
References
External links
Cities in Oregon
Populated places established in 1883
Ontario, Oregon micropolitan area
Basque-American culture in Oregon
1883 establishments in Oregon
Cities in Malheur County, Oregon
|
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130887
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%84lvkarleby%20Municipality
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Älvkarleby Municipality
|
Älvkarleby Municipality (Älvkarleby kommun) is a municipality in Uppsala County in east central Sweden. Its seat is located in the town of Skutskär.
The municipality is one of few in the country which has not been amalgamated since it was created out of a parish when the first local government acts of Sweden were implemented in 1863.
Localities
Gårdskär
Marma
Skutskär (seat)
Älvkarleby
History
Not until late in the Bronze Age (10th century BC) did parts of what is now Älvkarleby begin to rise out of the Baltic Sea. Remains of settlements from that period has been found in the area. In the Early Iron Age (6th-12th century) the population began to grow and people supported themselves on farming, hunting, fishing and livestock. The first mention of Älvkarleby is found in documents from the early Middle Ages (13th century).
Älvkarleby was the hometown of the author Stig Dagerman.
Elections
These are the election results since the 1972 municipal reform. The results of the Sweden Democrats were not published by the SCB between 1988 and 1998 due to the party's small size nationally so has been denoted as "0.0". Älvkarleby has traditionally seen outright majorities for the Social Democrats, although in 2010 and 2014 the party fell just short of 50% of ballots cast in the municipality.
Riksdag
Blocs
This lists the relative strength of the socialist and centre-right blocs since 1973, but parties not elected to the Riksdag are inserted as "other", including the Sweden Democrats results from 1988 to 2006, but also the Christian Democrats pre-1991 and the Greens in 1982, 1985 and 1991. The sources are identical to the table above. The coalition or government mandate marked in bold formed the government after the election. New Democracy got elected in 1991 but are still listed as "other" due to the short lifespan of the party.
See also
Gamlakarleby / Karleby
Nykarleby
References
External links
Älvkarleby Municipality - Official site
Municipalities of Uppsala County
|
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vale%2C%20Oregon
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Vale, Oregon
|
Vale is a city in and the county seat of Malheur County, Oregon, United States, about west of the Idaho border. It is at the intersection of U.S. Routes 20 and 26, on the Malheur River at its confluence with Bully Creek.
Vale was selected as Malheur's county seat in 1888 in a vote where other candidate communities were Ontario and Jordan Valley. As of the 2010 census, the city had a total population of 1,874, down from 1,976 in 2000. Vale is part of the Ontario, OR–ID Micropolitan Statistical Area.
History
The area where present-day Vale sits was historically home to small groups of Native Americans. The area was also a central gathering place for Paiutes during salmon run season.
The community was the first stop in Oregon along the Oregon Trail. Journals of those who traveled the trail note a trading post in the area as early as 1853, and by 1864, Johnathan Keeney had built a cabin and a barn that he offered for lodging for passing travelers. This cabin was replaced by the Rinehart House in 1872, which still stands today.
The railroad arrived in Vale in 1883, and the town became an important shipping gateway. A post office with the name of Vale was established in the Rinehart House the same year, though the community was not incorporated by the Oregon Legislative Assembly until February 21, 1889. Originally incorporated as the Town of Vale, it became the City of Vale in 1905. In 1887, Vale was named the first Malheur County seat, and a courthouse was constructed.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all of it land. The city has an elevation of above sea level.
Climate
Vale has a semi-arid climate (Köppen BSk). July is on average the hottest month and January the coldest. Typically there will be 148.3 nights each winter falling below and 6.3 nights falling under , although the clear skies mean that only 25.2 days do not top freezing and only 101.5 days fail to top . During summer, 12.7 days will top and 61.2 days – including 43 of 62 in July and August – will on average top . However, the low humidity and clear high-altitude skies mean nights are cool even in summer, with minima rarely above .
December is the wettest month, when the average precipitation totals about , although the wettest month has been May 1998 with , whilst zero precipitation has been reported during each month between July and October. Snowfall is rare despite temperatures falling well below freezing between mid-October and mid-April, with a median of only and usually negligible snow on the ground even in January, although during February 1989 a depth of was reached. The most snow in one month was in January 1975.
Demographics
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 1,874 people, 669 households, and 441 families residing in the city. The population density was . There were 754 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 86.7% White, 0.3% African American, 1.3% Native American, 0.4% Asian, 0.3% Pacific Islander, 8.2% from other races, and 2.8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 23.4% of the population.
There were 669 households, of which 38.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.8% were married couples living together, 12.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 6.1% had a male householder with no wife present, and 34.1% were non-families. 28.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.64 and the average family size was 3.27.
The median age in the city was 33.4 years. About 29% of residents were under the age of 18; 10.4% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 24.8% were from 25 to 44; 19.7% were from 45 to 64; and 16.4% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 50.5% male and 49.5% female.
As of the census of 2000, the median income for a household in the city was $27,065, and the median income for a family was $33,355. Males had a median income of $27,176 versus $22,500 for females. The per capita income for the city was $11,943. About 20% of the population and 15.6 percent of families had incomes below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 27.8% of those under the age of 18 and 12.2% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.
Transportation
In the 21st century, Vale is a stop on the Eastern POINT intercity bus line between Bend and Ontario. It makes one stop per day in each direction.
Miller Memorial Airpark
See also
Bully Creek Reservoir
References
External links
City of Vale Website
Entry for Vale in the Oregon Blue Book
Vale community profile from Malheur County website
Vale Chamber of Commerce
Map of Vale in PDF format
County seats in Oregon
Oregon Trail
Ontario, Oregon micropolitan area
Populated places established in 1883
1883 establishments in Oregon
Cities in Oregon
Cities in Malheur County, Oregon
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130889
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96sthammar%20Municipality
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Östhammar Municipality
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Östhammar Municipality (Östhammars kommun) is a municipality in Uppsala County in east central Sweden. Its seat is located in the city of Östhammar.
The present municipality was created during the local government reform in the late sixties and early seventies. Already in 1967 the City of Öregrund joined the City of Östhammar in a common municipality. It was the first time a former city joined another local government unit. By 1971 the new combined city became a municipality of unitary type and in 1974 more units were added.
In June 2018 the municipal council voted in favour of the building of Forsmark nuclear waste repository, with the final decision needing to be made by the Swedish government.
Localities
All towns with over 200 inhabitants in 2000, from Statistics Sweden.
Östhammar (seat)
Gimo
Österbybruk
Hargshamn
Dannemora
Öregrund
Alunda
Skoby (part of this bimunicipal locality is in Uppsala Municipality)
Norrskedika
Another notable village is Forsmark (pop. 59), where the Forsmark Nuclear Power Plant is situated.
Climate
Österbybruk has a humid continental climate that is quite mild throughout the year, especially considering its northerly latitude.
References
External links
Östhammar Municipality - Official site
Municipalities of Uppsala County
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130890
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aumsville%2C%20Oregon
|
Aumsville, Oregon
|
Aumsville is a city in Marion County, Oregon, United States. The population was 3,584 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Salem Metropolitan Statistical Area.
History
Aumsville is on the site of the pioneer farm of Henry L. Turner, who named the settlement for his son-in-law, Amos M. Davis, more familiarly known as "Aumus", who had died on December 23, 1863. Aumsville was incorporated on August 3, 1911.
On December 14, 2010, an EF2 tornado touched down in the center of Aumsville. The winds destroyed homes and caused substantial damage to businesses and City Hall.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all of it land.
Demographics
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 3,584 people, 1,182 households, and 937 families living in the city. The population density was . There were 1,231 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 84.3% White, 0.5% African American, 2.2% Native American, 0.6% Asian, 0.3% Pacific Islander, 6.7% from other races, and 5.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 14.4% of the population.
There were 1,182 households, of which 49.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.4% were married couples living together, 20.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.2% had a male householder with no wife present, and 20.7% were non-families. 16.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.03 and the average family size was 3.33.
The median age in the city was 30.4 years. 34.3% of residents were under the age of 18; 8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 28.2% were from 25 to 44; 21.1% were from 45 to 64; and 8.4% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.2% male and 52.8% female.
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 3,003 people, 961 households, and 803 families living in the city. The population density was 3,792.5 people per square mile (1,467.7/km2). There were 1,024 housing units at an average density of 1,293.2 per square mile (500.5/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 86.75% White, 1.83% Native American, 0.47% Asian, 0.30% African American, 0.17% Pacific Islander, 6.06% from other races, and 4.43% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 11.39% of the population.
There were 961 households, out of which 52.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.3% were married couples living together, 17.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 16.4% were non-families. 12.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.12 and the average family size was 3.37.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 36.4% under the age of 18, 8.5% from 18 to 24, 31.8% from 25 to 44, 17.4% from 45 to 64, and 5.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 28 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.2 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $40,704, and the median income for a family was $41,316. Males had a median income of $32,723 versus $24,514 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,262. About 13.8% of families and 15.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 23.7% of those under age 18 and 11.1% of those age 65 or over.
Annual cultural events
The Aumsville Corn Festival is held in August.
Parks and recreation
Aumsville is home to the Brian Haney Memorial Skate Park.
References
External links
Entry for Aumsville in the Oregon Blue Book
Cities in Oregon
Cities in Marion County, Oregon
Salem, Oregon metropolitan area
Populated places established in 1911
1911 establishments in Oregon
|
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130891
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurora%2C%20Oregon
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Aurora, Oregon
|
Aurora is a city in Marion County, Oregon, United States. Before being incorporated as a city, it was the location of the Aurora Colony, a religious commune founded in 1856 by William Keil and John E. Schmit. William named the settlement after his daughter. The population was 918 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Salem Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all of it land.
The Pudding River flows northward, just east of Aurora.
Climate
This region experiences warm (but not hot) and dry summers, with no average monthly temperatures above . According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Aurora has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate, abbreviated "Csb" on climate maps.
Demographics
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 918 people, 336 households, and 256 families living in the city. The population density was . There were 349 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 89.7% White, 0.5% African American, 0.9% Native American, 0.3% Asian, 6.3% from other races, and 2.3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 10.9% of the population.
There were 336 households, of which 37.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.0% were married couples living together, 7.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.8% had a male householder with no wife present, and 23.8% were non-families. 18.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.73 and the average family size was 3.12.
The median age in the city was 39.6 years. 27.8% of residents were under the age of 18; 5.2% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 24.5% were from 25 to 44; 31.8% were from 45 to 64; and 10.8% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 51.6% male and 48.4% female.
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 655 people, 250 households, and 186 families living in the city. The population density was 1,441.8 people per square mile (562.0/km2). There were 262 housing units at an average density of 576.7 per square mile (224.8/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 94.20% White, 0.46% African American, 0.61% Native American, 1.07% Asian, 1.98% from other races, and 1.68% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.26% of the population.
There were 250 households, out of which 31.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.4% were married couples living together, 7.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.6% were non-families. 19.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.62 and the average family size was 3.01.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 24.4% under the age of 18, 7.0% from 18 to 24, 27.8% from 25 to 44, 27.6% from 45 to 64, and 13.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 105.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.0 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $55,938, and the median income for a family was $65,556. Males had a median income of $45,938 versus $29,444 for females. The per capita income for the city was $24,839. None of the families and 1.6% of the population were living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and 7.5% of those over 64.
Education
North Marion School District has a school system with four schools within walking distance: North Marion Primary School, North Marion Intermediate School, North Marion Middle School, and North Marion High School.
Places of Interest
Old Aurora Museum, about the Old Aurora Colony
Aurora Mills Architectural Salvage, set in the town's historic seed cleaning mill complex built in 1890, it is now the town's largest antique shopping venue.
Mainstreet Merchantile Antiques, one of the town's larger antique shops.
Transportation
Airport
The Aurora State Airport is located northwest of Aurora. The airport is owned by the State of Oregon and operated by the Oregon Department of Aviation.
Economy
Columbia Helicopters is located in Aurora. The facility provides maintenance, repair and overhaul services.
References
External links
Entry for Aurora in the Oregon Blue Book
Cities in Oregon
Cities in Marion County, Oregon
Utopian communities in the United States
Populated places established in 1856
Salem, Oregon metropolitan area
1856 establishments in Oregon Territory
|
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130892
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooks%2C%20Oregon
|
Brooks, Oregon
|
Brooks is an unincorporated community in Marion County, Oregon, United States. For statistical purposes, the United States Census Bureau has defined Brooks as a census-designated place (CDP). The census definition of the area may not precisely correspond to local understanding of the area with the same name. As of the 2010 census the population was 398. Brooks is part of the Salem Metropolitan Statistical Area.
It is located about nine miles north of Salem near Oregon Route 99E on French Prairie.
History
Brooks was a station on the Southern Pacific Railroad main line (now the Union Pacific) through the Willamette Valley. The station was named for early settler Linus Brooks, who came to Oregon from Illinois in 1850. He was born in Ohio in 1805. Brooks post office was established in 1871, about the time the railroad reached the community. Brooks was platted with 30 blocks in 1878 and had 135 residents at that time. The community did not grow appreciably and it never incorporated.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , all of it land.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 410 people, 152 households, and 112 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 807.0 people per square mile (310.4/km2). There were 158 housing units at an average density of 311.0 per square mile (119.6/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 82.68% White, 0.24% African American, 1.22% Native American, 0.24% Pacific Islander, 15.12% from other races, and 0.49% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 22.20% of the population.
There were 152 households, out of which 30.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.9% were married couples living together, 9.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.7% were non-families. 24.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.70 and the average family size was 3.19.
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 26.1% under the age of 18, 9.3% from 18 to 24, 28.5% from 25 to 44, 20.0% from 45 to 64, and 16.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 104.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.5 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $25,938, and the median income for a family was $26,318. Males had a median income of $27,375 versus $18,750 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $12,008. About 12.1% of families and 10.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.4% of those under age 18 and 18.9% of those age 65 or over.
Economy
For planning purposes, Brooks and the community of Hopmere together form an Urban Unincorporated Community, as designated by Marion County. The area's economy has been traditionally based on agriculture. NORPAC, a fruit and vegetable processor, is the largest industrial property in Brooks. Covanta Energy runs a waste-to-energy garbage burning facility in Brooks that handles municipal solid waste from around the county.
Museums and other points of interest
Brooks is the home of the transportation museum Antique Powerland. The Brooks Historical Society is located in the former Brooks Southern Pacific railroad depot on the Antique Powerland property.
Education
Brooks is served by the Gervais School District, which includes the grade 2-4 Brooks Elementary School. Students from Brooks attend middle and high school in Gervais. Brooks also is the home of the private Willamette Valley Christian School. The Chemeketa Community College Brooks campus specializes in training of public safety students and professionals.
Notable people
George Schoener, rose breeder
References
External links
Historic images of Brooks from Salem Public Library
Brooks Historical Society
Images of Brooks from Flickr
Census-designated places in Oregon
Salem, Oregon metropolitan area
Unincorporated communities in Marion County, Oregon
1871 establishments in Oregon
Populated places established in 1871
Census-designated places in Marion County, Oregon
Unincorporated communities in Oregon
|
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130893
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butteville%2C%20Oregon
|
Butteville, Oregon
|
Butteville is a census-designated place and unincorporated community in Marion County, Oregon, United States. For statistical purposes, the United States Census Bureau has defined Butteville as a census-designated place (CDP). The census definition of the area may not precisely correspond to local understanding of the area with the same name. As of the 2010 census the population was 265. It is part of the Salem Metropolitan Statistical Area.
History
Butteville was founded in the 1840s by members of the Methodist Mission. Butteville was once served by steamboats running on the Willamette River. Butteville saw the peak of its economy in the 1850s, as it competed with neighboring Champoeg, Oregon for shipping business from the surrounding French Prairie. Most of Butteville's early residents were French-Canadian.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , of which, of it is land and of it (6.31%) is water.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 293 people, 106 households, and 83 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 282 people per square mile (108.8/km2). There were 113 housing units at an average density of 108.8 per square mile (42.0/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 95.56% White, 2.05% Native American, 0.34% Asian, 1.71% from other races, and 0.34% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.73% of the population.
There were 106 households, out of which 33% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 74.5% were married couples living together, 4.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 20.8% were non-families. 17.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.76 and the average family size was 3.18.
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 28.7% under the age of 18, 4.1% from 18 to 24, 21.5% from 25 to 44, 34.1% from 45 to 64, and 11.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.0 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $36,429, and the median income for a family was $65,625. Males had a median income of $71,875 versus $26,607 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $31,258. About 9.7% of families and 12.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including none of those under the age of eighteen or sixty five or over.
See also
Champoeg, Oregon
François X. Matthieu
French Prairie
List of ghost towns in Oregon
Steamboats of the Willamette River
References
External links
Butteville:The Tale of a River Town
Historic photos of Butteville from Salem Public Library
Census-designated places in Oregon
Ghost towns in Oregon
Salem, Oregon metropolitan area
Unincorporated communities in Marion County, Oregon
1840s establishments in Oregon
Populated places on the Willamette River
Census-designated places in Marion County, Oregon
Unincorporated communities in Oregon
|
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit%2C%20Oregon
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Detroit, Oregon
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Detroit is a city in Marion County, Oregon, United States. It was named for Detroit, Michigan, in the 1890s because of the large number of people from Michigan in the community. The population was 202 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Salem Metropolitan Statistical Area.
History
The original townsite of Detroit was inundated in the summer of 1952 when the Corps of Engineers finished Detroit Dam on the Santiam River. The community was relocated about northwest of the original site, on Route 22, and was incorporated as a city the same year.
Construction on the concrete Detroit Dam began on April 1, 1949 as part of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers’ Willamette Valley Project. The completed dam was dedicated by former Oregon Governor Douglas McKay and the U. S. Secretary of the Interior on June 10, 1953. In addition to flood control, the dam benefited navigation, irrigation, electric power production, stream purification and recreation.
Located near Detroit Lake and Detroit Lake State Park, Detroit's economy is dependent on tourism. The community suffered from a drought in 2001, when Detroit Lake was little more than the Santiam River through the summer.
In 2010, by a vote of 47–37, citizens in Detroit voted down a ballot measure that would have changed the city's name to Detroit Lake, the name of the neighboring reservoir and one of the most visited summer sites in Oregon. The proposal was put forth by Doug DeGeorge, a builder and motel owner who resides in Arizona and wanted to disassociate the town from Detroit, Michigan, and its close ties to "crime, corruption, failing schools, and a shaky auto industry". DeGeorge was not present on the day of the city council vote, but repercussions from his comments had phone lines flooded with angry calls from Michigan residents. Voters chose to keep the original name of the city, though most residents and tourists still call it Detroit Lake. Gary Brown, a city councilman in Detroit, Michigan, disagreed with the proposal, saying local residents would have made a big mistake because "the Motor City will one day return to its previous glory".
On September 9, 2020, Detroit was mostly burned to the ground by wildfire during the Santiam Fire. Dozens of people were trapped, but managed to escape on a forest road through the active fire. A few months later, during the February 2021 winter and ice storm, the city received 26 in (66 cm) of snowthe most of any place affected by the storm.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, Detroit has a total area of , of which is land and is water.
Climate
This region experiences warm (but not hot) and dry summers, with no average monthly temperatures above . According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Detroit has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate, abbreviated "Csb" on climate maps.
Demographics
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 202 people, 96 households, and 59 families living in the city. The population density was . There were 368 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 95.5% White, 1.5% Native American, and 3.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.0% of the population.
There were 96 households, of which 19.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.1% were married couples living together, 7.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 1.0% had a male householder with no wife present, and 38.5% were non-families. 30.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.10 and the average family size was 2.64.
The median age in the city was 51.4 years. 18.3% of residents were under the age of 18; 4% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 13.9% were from 25 to 44; 48.1% were from 45 to 64; and 15.8% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.5% male and 50.5% female.
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 262 people, 119 households, and 69 families living in the city. The population density was 496.7 people per square mile (190.9/km2). There were 383 housing units at an average density of 726.2 per square mile (279.0/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 96.56% White, 1.15% Native American, 0.38% from other races, and 1.91% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.82% of the population.
There were 119 households, out of which 21.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.1% were married couples living together, 10.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 41.2% were non-families. 33.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.20 and the average family size was 2.77.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 22.1% under the age of 18, 5.0% from 18 to 24, 23.3% from 25 to 44, 33.2% from 45 to 64, and 16.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 45 years. For every 100 females, there were 103.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.0 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $32,250, and the median income for a family was $35,156. Males had a median income of $41,875 versus $22,188 for females. The per capita income for the city was $19,857. About 17.9% of families and 16.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 44.1% of those under the age of eighteen and none of those 65 or over.
Education
Detroit is served by the Santiam Canyon School District, whose schools are located in nearby Mill City, Oregon.
References
External links
Detroit Lake Recreation Area Business Association
Entry for Detroit in the Oregon Blue Book
Cities in Oregon
Cities in Marion County, Oregon
Salem, Oregon metropolitan area
1952 establishments in Oregon
Populated places established in 1952
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130895
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald%2C%20Oregon
|
Donald, Oregon
|
Donald is a city in Marion County, Oregon, United States. The population was 979 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Salem Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all of it land. Donald is located along the route of the Oregon Electric Railway.
Demographics
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 979 people, 347 households, and 281 families living in the city. The population density was . There were 372 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 88.3% White, 0.6% African American, 0.3% Native American, 0.5% Asian, 0.3% Pacific Islander, 6.1% from other races, and 3.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 14.6% of the population.
There were 347 households, of which 35.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.3% were married couples living together, 10.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 6.6% had a male householder with no wife present, and 19.0% were non-families. 14.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.82 and the average family size was 3.06.
The median age in the city was 38.9 years. 23.6% of residents were under the age of 18; 8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 26.7% were from 25 to 44; 31.9% were from 45 to 64; and 9.7% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 50.2% male and 49.8% female.
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 608 people, 202 households, and 163 families living in the city. The population density was 2,737.9 people per square mile (1,067.0/km2). There were 236 housing units at an average density of 1,062.7 per square mile (414.2/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 89.14% White, 0.16% African American, 1.48% Native American, 0.33% Asian, 0.16% Pacific Islander, 6.91% from other races, and 1.81% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 11.18% of the population.
There were 202 households, out of which 43.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 68.8% were married couples living together, 7.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 19.3% were non-families. 12.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 2.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.01 and the average family size was 3.34.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 31.3% under the age of 18, 7.2% from 18 to 24, 35.5% from 25 to 44, 20.4% from 45 to 64, and 5.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females, there were 117.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 113.3 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $45,208, and the median income for a family was $50,227. Males had a median income of $31,696 versus $30,078 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,752. About 6.3% of families and 6.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.0% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over.
Education
Donald sends its students to North Marion School District, including to North Marion High School.
References
External links
Entry for Donald in the Oregon Blue Book
Official website
Cities in Oregon
Cities in Marion County, Oregon
Salem, Oregon metropolitan area
1912 establishments in Oregon
|
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] |
130896
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four%20Corners%2C%20Oregon
|
Four Corners, Oregon
|
Four Corners is a census-designated place (CDP) in Marion County, Oregon, United States, just outside the city limits of Salem but within the city's urban growth boundary. It is part of the Salem Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population of the CDP was 13,922 at the 2000 census. It is named after the intersection of State Street and Lancaster Drive.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , all of it land.
Climate
This region experiences warm (but not hot) and dry summers, with no average monthly temperatures above . According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Four Corners has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate, abbreviated "Csb" on climate maps.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 13,922 people, 5,088 households, and 3,475 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 5,048.4 people per square mile (1,947.6/km2). There were 5,403 housing units at an average density of 1,959.2/sq mi (755.8/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 78.78% White, 1.32% African American, 2.00% Native American, 1.85% Asian, 0.96% Pacific Islander, 11.38% from other races, and 3.71% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 18.05% of the population.
There were 5,088 households, out of which 35.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.0% were married couples living together, 12.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.7% were non-families. 24.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.73 and the average family size was 3.25.
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 30.3% under the age of 18, 9.3% from 18 to 24, 28.5% from 25 to 44, 20.2% from 45 to 64, and 11.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.9 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $36,335, and the median income for a family was $39,746. Males had a median income of $30,550 versus $25,393 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $15,672. About 13.4% of families and 15.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24.3% of those under age 18 and 8.2% of those age 65 or over.
References
Census-designated places in Oregon
Salem, Oregon metropolitan area
Unincorporated communities in Marion County, Oregon
Census-designated places in Marion County, Oregon
Unincorporated communities in Oregon
|
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130897
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gervais%2C%20Oregon
|
Gervais, Oregon
|
Gervais is a city in Marion County, Oregon, United States. The population was 2,464 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Salem Metropolitan Statistical Area.
History
The city is named for pioneer Joseph Gervais who was one of the first settlers on French Prairie.
On October 6, 1902, the business district of the city burned and losses were estimated at $100,000. The local fire department's power was insufficient to handle the fire so Portland and Salem were called upon to help. Unfortunately they were unable to respond in time to help. In little over an hour all but two of the businesses in the town had burned to the ground.
In the late 1960s, Russian Old Believers established a small colony between Gervais and Mt. Angel. As of 2002, Oregon had the highest population of Old Believers in the United States.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all of it land.
Demographics
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 2,464 people, 579 households, and 506 families living in the city. The population density was . There were 628 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 52.4% White, 0.6% African American, 3.7% Native American, 0.9% Asian, 38.0% from other races, and 4.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 67.1% of the population.
There were 579 households, of which 61.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 63.6% were married couples living together, 15.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 8.5% had a male householder with no wife present, and 12.6% were non-families. 7.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 1.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 4.25 and the average family size was 4.40.
The median age in the city was 26.3 years. 37.3% of residents were under the age of 18; 10.6% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 30.6% were from 25 to 44; 17.8% were from 45 to 64; and 3.7% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 52.5% male and 47.5% female.
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,009 people, 452 households, and 391 families living in the city. The population density was 5,133.7 people per square mile (1,988.9/km2). There were 477 housing units at an average density of 1,218.9 per square mile (472.2/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 40.32% White, 0.35% African American, 1.54% Native American, 0.30% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 52.91% from other races, and 4.53% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 65.21% of the population.
There were 452 households, out of which 59.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 66.8% were married couples living together, 9.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 13.3% were non-families. 9.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 2.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 4.39 and the average family size was 4.45.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 37.7% under the age of 18, 12.9% from 18 to 24, 34.0% from 25 to 44, 10.6% from 45 to 64, and 4.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 24 years. For every 100 females, there were 120.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 132.1 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $43,882, and the median income for a family was $44,118. Males had a median income of $21,490 versus $21,167 for females. The per capita income for the city was $10,862. About 13.3% of families and 17.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.9% of those under age 18 and 11.0% of those age 65 or over.
References
External links
Entry for Gervais in the Oregon Blue Book
Cities in Oregon
Cities in Marion County, Oregon
Salem, Oregon metropolitan area
Old Believer communities in the United States
1874 establishments in Oregon
Populated places established in 1874
Russian-American culture in Oregon
|
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] |
130898
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayesville%2C%20Oregon
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Hayesville, Oregon
|
Hayesville is a census-designated place and unincorporated community in Marion County, Oregon, United States, just outside the city limits of Salem but within the city's urban growth boundary. It is part of the Salem Metropolitan Statistical Area. For statistical purposes, the United States Census Bureau has defined Hayesville as a census-designated place (CDP). The census definition of the area may not precisely correspond to local understanding of the area with the same name. The population of the CDP was 18,222 at the 2000 census.
Hayesville is the home of Chemeketa Community College's main campus.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , all of it land.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 18,222 people, 6,655 households, and 4,631 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 4,635.7 people per square mile (1,790.2/km2). There were 6,951 housing units at an average density of 1,768.3/sq mi (682.9/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 76.81% White, 0.95% African American, 1.72% Native American, 3.50% Asian, 0.71% Pacific Islander, 12.50% from other races, and 3.81% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 19.76% of the population.
There were 6,655 households, out of which 35.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.9% were married couples living together, 12.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.4% were non-families. 21.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.71 and the average family size was 3.15.
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 27.7% under the age of 18, 12.4% from 18 to 24, 28.3% from 25 to 44, 21.3% from 45 to 64, and 10.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.5 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $35,673, and the median income for a family was $40,781. Males had a median income of $33,920 versus $26,969 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $17,673. About 12.8% of families and 15.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.5% of those under age 18 and 7.2% of those age 65 or over.
References
External links
History of Hayesville
Census-designated places in Oregon
Salem, Oregon metropolitan area
Unincorporated communities in Marion County, Oregon
Census-designated places in Marion County, Oregon
Unincorporated communities in Oregon
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130899
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubbard%2C%20Oregon
|
Hubbard, Oregon
|
Hubbard is a city in Marion County, Oregon, United States. The population was 3,173 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Salem Metropolitan Statistical Area.
History
Hubbard was named for Charles Hubbard, who was an Oregon settler in 1847. The railroad arrived in 1870 and station was situated in the town.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all of it land.
Demographics
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 3,173 people, 958 households, and 756 families living in the city. The population density was . There were 1,002 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 73.3% White, 0.5% African American, 2.3% Native American, 0.9% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 19.4% from other races, and 3.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 36.3% of the population.
There were 958 households, of which 49.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.9% were married couples living together, 13.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.0% had a male householder with no wife present, and 21.1% were non-families. 15.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.31 and the average family size was 3.71.
The median age in the city was 30.1 years. 33.7% of residents were under the age of 18; 9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 30.6% were from 25 to 44; 20.1% were from 45 to 64; and 6.6% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 50.3% male and 49.7% female.
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,483 people, 753 households, and 594 families living in the city. The population density was 3,992.2 people per square mile (1,546.3/km2). There were 799 housing units at an average density of 1,284.6 per square mile (497.6/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 68.87% White, 0.32% African American, 1.93% Native American, 0.48% Asian, 0.12% Pacific Islander, 25.61% from other races, and 2.66% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 32.66% of the population.
There were 753 households, out of which 46.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.2% were married couples living together, 13.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.0% were non-families. 15.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.30 and the average family size was 3.67.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 34.5% under the age of 18, 9.1% from 18 to 24, 32.8% from 25 to 44, 16.4% from 45 to 64, and 7.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 29 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.6 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $38,850, and the median income for a family was $42,552. Males had a median income of $32,731 versus $24,226 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,383. About 11.0% of families and 14.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.0% of those under age 18 and 9.0% of those age 65 or over.
Transportation
Lenhardt Airpark
Notable people
Bill Bevens (1916–1991), U.S. baseball player
Sally Hughes-Schrader (1895–1984), zoologist
Marion Eugene Carl (1915-1998), World War II fighter ace
Levi Rolla Cooper aka Tucker Knight (born 1990), wrestler
References
External links
Entry for Hubbard in the Oregon Blue Book
Cities in Oregon
Cities in Marion County, Oregon
Salem, Oregon metropolitan area
1891 establishments in Oregon
Populated places established in 1891
|
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jefferson%2C%20Oregon
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Jefferson, Oregon
|
Jefferson is a city in Marion County, Oregon, United States. It is part of the Salem Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 3,098 at the 2010 census. It is home to the annual Mint Harvest Festival and is the self-proclaimed "Mint Capital of the World" as well as "Frog Jumping Capital of Oregon." The city sits on the right bank of the Santiam River between Salem and Albany along Oregon Route 164 east of Interstate 5.
History
The first name for this locality was Conser's Ferry, for Jacob S. Conser, an Oregon Trail pioneer of 1848 who ran a ferry across the Santiam River. Conser was also involved in the communities of Syracuse and Santiam City, which was about downstream of Jefferson. He established the ferry in 1851, and also served as the postmaster of Santiam City. When the Jefferson Institute was established in the vicinity (not the same as the Jefferson Institute in Polk County), the name Jefferson was eventually adopted by the community. Jefferson post office was established in 1861, with a name change from Syracuse, and previously, Santiam City.
In 1974, the Jacob Conser House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP), which served as the city's library until 2018. The current Oregon Route 164 bridge across the Santiam was designed by Conde McCullough and named in Conser's honor. The Jefferson Methodist Church was added to the NRHP in 1980. In 2017, voters recalled mayor Cyndie Hightower, and three city council members resigned over issues related to the annexation of land into the city.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which, is land and is water.
Climate
This region experiences warm (but not hot) and dry summers, with no average monthly temperatures above . According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Jefferson has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate, abbreviated "Csb" on climate maps.
Demographics
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 3,098 people, 1,057 households, and 820 families living in the city. The population density was . There were 1,119 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 83.8% White, 0.2% African American, 1.7% Native American, 0.5% Asian, 0.3% Pacific Islander, 9.6% from other races, and 3.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 19.2% of the population.
There were 1,057 households, of which 44.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.5% were married couples living together, 13.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.7% had a male householder with no wife present, and 22.4% were non-families. 16.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.93 and the average family size was 3.27.
The median age in the city was 32 years. 30.5% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.1% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 29.3% were from 25 to 44; 22.8% were from 45 to 64; and 9.4% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.7% male and 51.3% female.
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,487 people, 817 households, and 643 families living in the city. The population density was 3,389.3 people per square mile (1,315.4/km2). There were 885 housing units at an average density of 1,206.1 per square mile (468.1/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 81.83% White, 0.36% African American, 1.89% Native American, 0.76% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 11.66% from other races, and 3.46% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 20.67% of the population.
There were 817 households, out of which 48.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.6% were married couples living together, 15.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.2% were non-families. 16.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.04 and the average family size was 3.34.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 34.2% under the age of 18, 8.4% from 18 to 24, 30.4% from 25 to 44, 19.8% from 45 to 64, and 7.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.7 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $40,938, and the median income for a family was $42,647. Males had a median income of $31,196 versus $25,417 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,426. About 12.2% of families and 16.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19.6% of those under age 18 and 4.2% of those age 65 or over.
Government
Jefferson uses a city council composed of six councilors and the mayor. As of March 2020, the current mayor of Jefferson is Michael Myers.
Education
Public education in the city is provided by the Jefferson School District, which includes three schools: Jefferson Elementary School, Jefferson Middle School, and Jefferson High School.
A new Middle School was built in 2019. The school is located right beside the Jefferson High School.
Notable people
Jeff Gilmour, politician
Carol Menken-Schaudt, Olympic basketball player
Frederick Steiwer, politician
See also
Gilmour Ag Air Airport
References
External links
Entry for Jefferson in the Oregon Blue Book
Cities in Oregon
Cities in Marion County, Oregon
Salem, Oregon metropolitan area
1870 establishments in Oregon
Populated places established in 1870
Jefferson
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] |
130901
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keizer%2C%20Oregon
|
Keizer, Oregon
|
Keizer is a city located in Marion County, Oregon, United States, along the 45th parallel. As of the 2010 United States Census, its population was 36,478. It lies in the Willamette Valley, and is part of the Salem Metropolitan Statistical Area. It was named after pioneer Thomas Dove (T. D.) Keizur and his family, who arrived in the Wagon Train of 1843, and later filed donation land claims.
History
The original settlement was at Keizer Bottom, near the banks of the Willamette River. The community was named after Thomas Dove Keizur, one of its first settlers. Somewhere in the translation of donation land claim records, his name was misspelled.
The settlement suffered in the flood of 1861, and the inhabitants rebuilt their homes on higher ground. Further floods in 1943, 1945, 1946 and 1948 hampered the growth of the community, and it was not until dams were built in the 1950s to regulate the flow of the Willamette that Keizer began to flourish.
The City of Salem tried to annex the growing community adjacent to its city limits many times. Beginning in 1964, a number of Keizer residents tried to convince the people of Keizer that it would be cheaper and better to form their own city. It was not until November 2, 1982, that, with the support of the nearby unincorporated community of Clear Lake, residents voted to make Keizer a city.
Keizer Bottom is now the site of Keizer Rapids Park, a public park whose attractions include a dog park, playground, boat-in camping, nature trails, a disc golf course, and sport courts.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which is land and is water.
Demographics
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 36,478 people, 13,703 households, and 9,498 families living in the city. The population density was . There were 14,445 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 82.5% White, 0.8% African American, 1.3% Native American, 1.6% Asian, 0.6% Pacific Islander, 9.0% from other races, and 4.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 18.3% of the population.
There were 13,703 households, of which 36.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.0% were married couples living together, 13.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.0% had a male householder with no wife present, and 30.7% were non-families. 24.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.64 and the average family size was 3.13.
The median age in the city was 35.7 years. 27.3% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.1% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 26.6% were from 25 to 44; 24.7% were from 45 to 64; and 13.3% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.0% male and 52.0% female.
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 32,203 people, 12,110 households, and 8,646 families living in the city. The population density was 4,455.7 people per square mile (1,719.7/km). There were 12,774 housing units at an average density of 1,767.4 per square mile (682.2/km). The racial makeup of the city was 85.52% White, 0.75% African American, 1.38% Native American, 1.49% Asian, 0.20% Pacific Islander, 7.22% from other races, and 3.44% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 12.27% of the population.
There were 12,110 households, out of which 35.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.8% were married couples living together, 11.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.6% were non-families. 22.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.64 and the average family size was 3.07. In the city, the population was 27.7% under the age of 18, 8.2% from 18 to 24, 30.1% from 25 to 44, 21.9% from 45 to 64, and 12.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.2 males The median income for a household in the city was $45,052, and the median income for a family was $49,977. Males had a median income of $37,138 versus $27,032 for females. The per capita income for the city was $20,119. About 6.2% of families and 9.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.7% of those under age 18 and 7.6% of those age 65 or over.
Arts and culture
Annual cultural events
The annual KeizerFEST, formally known as the Iris Festival, takes place in May and showcases Keizer's iris-growing industry. The festival was founded by Schreiner's Iris Gardens, one of the country's largest retail iris growers, and has been facilitated by the Keizer Chamber of Commerce since 1987. Events include a carnival, a beer garden, craft and food vendors, a 5k walk/run, a vintage car show, and a parade.
Every year from the beginning of December until the day after Christmas the Gubser school neighborhood hosts the "Keizer Miracle of Christmas Lighting Display." Many of the neighborhood's residents decide to put up Christmas lights along with other various holiday themed displays. Up to 20,000 vehicles visit the approximately route each year. Along the route visitors are able to donate canned foods and non-perishable items. In 2007 of food were collected for the Marion Polk Food Share and $17,100 was received in cash.
Museums and other points of interest
The Keizer Heritage Museum is inside the Keizer Heritage Community Center, which was formerly the Keizer School. The school, built in 1916, has been completely restored and is the only public historic building in Keizer. Other tenants of the building include the Keizer Community Library, the Keizer Art Association and gallery, and the Keizer Chamber of Commerce.
Sports
The Salem-Keizer Volcanoes, a single A short season minor league baseball team in the Northwest League have their stadium, Volcanoes Stadium, in Keizer. In addition to minor league baseball, Volcanoes Stadium has hosted the OSAA baseball championship and a Civil War baseball game between the University of Oregon Ducks and Oregon State University Beavers.
Keizer has been a long supporter of its lone high school's sports teams, the McNary Celtics. The school has won multiple state titles in recent years, the last coming in 2009 when the baseball team won the state championship in Volcanoes Stadium.
Education
Keizer is part of the Salem-Keizer School District and has one high school: McNary, two middle schools: Claggett Creek and Whiteaker, and seven elementary schools: Clear Lake, Cummings, Forest Ridge, Gubser, Keizer, Kennedy and Weddle.
The first schoolhouse in the Keizer area was built in 1878, and its first teacher was Nina McNary, older sister of U.S. Senator Charles L. McNary. The first school was torn down in 1915 and replaced in 1916 with the building that now serves as the Keizer Heritage Community Center. By the 1980s, the 1916 Keizer Elementary School was judged unsafe and a new school was built in 1987. Cummings School was built in 1953 to serve the area's growing population. In 1955, Keizer School District #88 and Salem School District # 24CJ merged to form the Salem Keizer School District.
Media
Keizertimes — weekly newspaper
Notable people
Grayson Boucher (born 1984) – streetball player for the AND1 Mixtape Tour who is better known by his nickname "The Professor"
Deen Castronovo (born 1965) – drummer for Ozzy Osbourne and Journey
Daniel R. Hokanson – lieutenant general in the U.S. Army
Charles L. McNary – U.S. Senator
Michael Uppendahl – television director
Austin Bibens-Dirkx - MLB Pitcher
References
External links
Entry for Keizer in the Oregon Blue Book
City of Keizer official website
Keizer Chamber of Commerce
Keizer Art Association
Cities in Oregon
Cities in Marion County, Oregon
Salem, Oregon metropolitan area
Former census-designated places in Oregon
1982 establishments in Oregon
Populated places on the Willamette River
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130902
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labish%20Village%2C%20Oregon
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Labish Village, Oregon
|
Labish Village is a census-designated place (CDP) in Marion County, Oregon, United States. The population was 454 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Salem Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , all of it land.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 376 people, 93 households, and 77 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 6,712.1 people per square mile (2,419.6/km2). There were 101 housing units at an average density of 1,803.0/sq mi (649.9/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 51.06% White, 2.93% Native American, 0.27% Asian, 41.49% from other races, and 4.26% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 52.39% of the population.
There were 93 households, out of which 49.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.0% were married couples living together, 10.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 17.2% were non-families. 12.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 4.04 and the average family size was 4.13.
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 36.7% under the age of 18, 14.4% from 18 to 24, 29.8% from 25 to 44, 14.9% from 45 to 64, and 4.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 24 years. For every 100 females, there were 111.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 138.0 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $29,345, and the median income for a family was $28,750. Males had a median income of $17,000 versus $20,000 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $8,789. About 12.9% of families and 10.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.4% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over.
References
Census-designated places in Oregon
Salem, Oregon metropolitan area
Unincorporated communities in Marion County, Oregon
Census-designated places in Marion County, Oregon
Unincorporated communities in Oregon
|
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] |
130903
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marion%2C%20Oregon
|
Marion, Oregon
|
Marion is an unincorporated community in Marion County, Oregon, United States. For statistical purposes, the United States Census Bureau has defined Marion as a census-designated place (CDP). The census definition of the area may not precisely correspond to local understanding of the area with the same name. The population was 313 at the 2010 census. Marion is part of the Salem Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , all of it land.
Demographics
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 274 people, 92 households, and 69 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 236.5 people per square mile (91.2/km2). There were 99 housing units at an average density of 85.4 per square mile (33.0/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 89.42% White, 4.38% Native American, 3.28% from other races, and 2.92% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.47% of the population.
There were 92 households, out of which 33.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.1% were married couples living together, 6.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.0% were non-families. 19.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.98 and the average family size was 3.38.
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 31.4% under the age of 18, 5.1% from 18 to 24, 27.4% from 25 to 44, 20.1% from 45 to 64, and 16.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.9 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $21,389, and the median income for a family was $20,625. Males had a median income of $34,250 versus $23,750 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $9,916. About 38.3% of families and 40.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 68.5% of those under the age of eighteen and 30.8% of those 65 or over.
References
Census-designated places in Oregon
Salem, Oregon metropolitan area
Unincorporated communities in Marion County, Oregon
Census-designated places in Marion County, Oregon
Unincorporated communities in Oregon
|
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] |
130904
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehama%2C%20Oregon
|
Mehama, Oregon
|
Mehama is an unincorporated community in Marion County, Oregon, United States, located on Oregon Route 22 and the North Santiam River. For statistical purposes, the United States Census Bureau has defined Mehama as a census-designated place (CDP). The census definition of the area may not precisely correspond to local understanding of the area with the same name. The population was 283 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Salem Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Mehama is the eastern terminus of Oregon Route 226, and is just one mile (1.6 km) north of Lyons, across the North Santiam.
History
Mehama was named for the wife of pioneer James X. Smith. Smith laid out the townsite and operated a ferry on the North Santiam. A post office, misnamed Mehamah, was established in 1877, but the name was changed to Mehama by 1881.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , of which of it is land and (4%) is water.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 283 people, 110 households, and 77 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 596.8 people per square mile (232.5/km2). There were 123 housing units at an average density of 259.4 per square mile (101.0/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 89.05% White, 0.35% African American, 2.47% Native American, 1.06% Asian, 0.35% from other races, and 6.71% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.06% of the population.
There were 110 households, out of which 31.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.2% were married couples living together, 9.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.1% were non-families. 23.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.57 and the average family size was 3.01.
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 22.6% under the age of 18, 7.8% from 18 to 24, 28.3% from 25 to 44, 26.1% from 45 to 64, and 15.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 112.6 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $38,854, and the median income for a family was $54,286. Males had a median income of $35,192 versus $14,712 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $17,617. None of the families and 11.2% of the population were living below the poverty line.
References
External links
Historic images of Mehama from Salem Public Library
Census-designated places in Oregon
Salem, Oregon metropolitan area
Unincorporated communities in Marion County, Oregon
1877 establishments in Oregon
Populated places established in 1877
Unincorporated communities in Oregon
|
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130905
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mt.%20Angel%2C%20Oregon
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Mt. Angel, Oregon
|
Mt. Angel is a city in Marion County, Oregon, United States. It is northeast of Salem, Oregon, on Oregon Route 214. The population was 3,286 at the 2010 census. Mt. Angel is part of the Salem Metropolitan Statistical Area.
History
Mt. Angel was originally settled in 1850 by Benjamin Cleaver, who later planned a townsite which he named Roy. In 1881, a railroad station was established and named Fillmore after a railroad official. The following year, a post office with the name of Roy was established, but neither name was to last.
Rev. Fr. Adelhelm Odermatt, O.S.B., came to Oregon in 1881 with a contingent of Benedictine monks from Engelberg, Switzerland, in order to establish a new American daughter house. After visiting several locations, he found Lone Butte to be the ideal location for a new abbey, and shortly afterwards ministered to several local Roman Catholic parishes, about the same time large numbers of immigrants from Bavaria settled in the area. Due to his efforts, the city, post office and the nearby elevation Lone Butte came to be known as Mount Angel (an English translation of Engelberg) in 1883. He also established Mount Angel Abbey, a Benedictine monastery and school, which was moved permanently to Mt. Angel in 1884.
The city of Mt. Angel was incorporated April 3, 1893. The post office of Saint Benedict, Oregon, was established at the Abbey.
Mount Angel Abbey is still located on Mount Angel. The original Kalapuyan name of the butte is Tapalamaho, which translates to "Mount of Communion." At the request of the Archbishop of Oregon City, the abbey opened Mount Angel Seminary in 1889 for the training of priests. The original wooden buildings at the foot of the butte were destroyed by a fire in the 1890s, and another disastrous fire in 1926 consumed the second monastery, an imposing five-story edifice of black basalt at the top of the butte. The current monastery building was completed in 1928, and subsequent structures followed, including a library built by Finnish architect Alvar Aalto in 1970. A bell tower was added to the abbey church in 2007 which contains eight bells, one of which is the largest swinging bell in the Pacific Northwest.
The Benedictine Sisters of Mt. Angel (the Queen of Angels Monastery) were founded in 1882 and have been serving the Willamette Valley ever since. They teach in schools and parishes; work as counselors, chaplains, and pastoral associates; they are artisans, cooks, and gardeners. As a community, the Benedictine Sisters sponsor two ministries, the Shalom Prayer Center and the St. Joseph Shelter (https://www.benedictine-srs.com/).
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all of it land.
Mt. Angel is in the Pudding River watershed. The town sits on the Gales Creek/Mount Angel lineament, and sits on the Mount Angel Fault, a northwest-trending geophysical structural zone. Activity along the fault caused the 1993 Scotts Mills earthquake which significantly damaged various structures in the town, in particular the parish church.
Climate
This region experiences warm (but not hot) and dry summers, with no average monthly temperatures above . According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Mt. Angel has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate, abbreviated "Csb" on climate maps.
Demographics
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 3,286 people, 1,205 households, and 707 families residing in the city. The population density was . There were 1,282 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 82.6% White, 0.5% African American, 1.0% Native American, 0.5% Asian, 12.1% from other races, and 3.3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 26.1% of the population.
There were 1,205 households, of which 33.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.4% were married couples living together, 10.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.0% had a male householder with no wife present, and 41.3% were non-families. 37.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 27.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.56 and the average family size was 3.44.
The median age in the city was 37.1 years. 27% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.3% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 23.7% were from 25 to 44; 20% were from 45 to 64; and 20.9% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.3% male and 51.7% female.
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 3,121 people, 1,059 households, and 661 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,264.3 people per square mile (1,255.2/km). There were 1,124 housing units at an average density of 1,175.6 per square mile (452.1/km). The racial makeup of the city was 75.65% White, 0.45% African American, 0.93% Native American, 0.19% Asian, 0.10% Pacific Islander, 17.85% from other races, and 4.84% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 27.84% of the population.
There were 1,059 households, out of which 35.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.0% were married couples living together, 10.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.5% were non-families. 33.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 20.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.75 and the average family size was 3.54.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 30.2% under the age of 18, 8.5% from 18 to 24, 25.1% from 25 to 44, 17.9% from 45 to 64, and 18.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.3 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $36,293, and the median income for a family was $45,650. Males had a median income of $33,523 versus $21,442 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,535. About 10.3% of families and 16.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.6% of those under age 18 and 20.2% of those age 65 or over.
Economy
As of 2000, the five largest employers in Mt. Angel were Wilco, Providence Benedictine Nursing Center, Mt. Angel Towers, Highland Laboratories, and the Mt. Angel School District.
Arts and culture
Annual cultural events
Mt. Angel is known for its annual Oktoberfest. The Mt. Angel Oktoberfest is the largest of its kind in the Pacific Northwest. Attendance grew from 39,000 in its first year, 1966, to 375,000 by the late 1980s. The Oktoberfest features beer and wine gardens, sports tournaments and races, arts and crafts exhibits, a farmers market, community dinners featuring sausage and sauerkraut, and a wide assortment food, games, and entertainment.
Museums and other points of interest
Mt. Angel is also home to the historic Queen of Angels Monastery, which is still operated by the Benedictine Sisters of Mt. Angel, and the 1912 Saint Mary Catholic Church, both of which are listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). Windischar's General Blacksmith Shop is another NRHP-listed structure in the city.
In March 2006, the city announced plans to build a glockenspiel. Completed in time for Oktoberfest 2006, the glockenspiel is the largest in the United States. Located on the corner of Charles and Garfield streets, the four-story-tall glockenspiel is part of the Edelweiss Village Building.
Education
Mt. Angel is served by the three-school Mt. Angel School District, which includes John F. Kennedy High School.
Colegio César Chávez was a college-without-walls program that existed in Mt. Angel from 1973 until 1983. At the time, the Colegio was the only four-year Latino college in the country. The college was supported by Chicano activist Cesar Chavez, who himself visited the college on two occasions. In 1978, the college graduated more Mexican American students than Oregon State University and University of Oregon combined. Cipriano Ferrel, who would later found the Oregon farmworker's union Pineros y Campesinos Unidos del Noroeste, graduated from Colegio Cesar Chavez. In the mid-1980s, the former Colegio grounds and building were purchased by a private buyer and donated to the Benedictine sisters. The Benedictine sisters now operate St. Joseph Shelter in the former Colegio building and dorms.
Media
Mt. Angel is served by the weekly Silverton Appeal Tribune newspaper, which is published on Wednesdays by the Statesman Journal, the monthly publications Our Town and Our Town Life, and by the weekly Woodburn Independent.
Infrastructure
Transportation
Highway
Mt. Angel is on Oregon Route 214. The closest major highway, Interstate 5, is to the west.
Rail
The Willamette Valley Railway serves Mt. Angel.
Air
The closest airport is [Aurora State Airport] Aurora, OR.
Utilities
Water and wastewater treatment are provided by the City of Mt. Angel. Natural gas is provided by NW Natural and electricity is provided by Portland General Electric.
Healthcare
The closest hospital is Silverton Hospital, away in Silverton.
In popular culture
Mt. Angel was the setting (dubbed Mt. Angel, Massachusetts) for the 1973 ABC television film Isn't It Shocking?
In S.M. Stirling's Emberverse series, Mt. Angel and its Benedictine monastic orders are the nucleus of a post-apocalyptic community that survives "The Change," which pushes technology back to a medieval level.
References
External links
City of Mt. Angel (official website)
Listing for Mount Angel in the Oregon Blue Book
Mt. Angel Chamber of Commerce
1850 establishments in Oregon Territory
Cities in Marion County, Oregon
Cities in Oregon
German communities in the United States
Populated places established in 1850
Salem, Oregon metropolitan area
German-American culture in Oregon
|
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130906
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotts%20Mills%2C%20Oregon
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Scotts Mills, Oregon
|
Scotts Mills is a city in Marion County, Oregon, United States. The population was 357 at the 2010 census. It is south of Marquam and Oregon Route 213, between Silverton and Molalla.
Scotts Mills is part of the Salem Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is near the site of the 1993 Scotts Mills earthquake.
Name
The city takes its name from the sawmill and flour mill owned by Robert Hall Scott and Thomas Scott at this location, which became known as Scotts Mills in about 1866. Thomas Scott was the first postmaster at the post office established here in 1887.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all of it land.
Butte Creek flows just to the east of Scotts Mills as it makes its way north to join the Pudding River.
Climate
This region experiences warm (but not hot) and dry summers, with no average monthly temperatures above . According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Scotts Mills has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate, abbreviated "Csb" on climate maps.
Demographics
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 357 people, 131 households, and 93 families residing in the city. The population density was . There were 138 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 97.5% White, 0.3% Native American, 1.4% Asian, and 0.8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.2% of the population.
There were 131 households, of which 32.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.1% were married couples living together, 4.6% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 29.0% were non-families. 19.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.73 and the average family size was 3.17.
The median age in the city was 40.8 years. 24.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 21.9% were from 25 to 44; 32.5% were from 45 to 64; and 11.8% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 53.5% male and 46.5% female.
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 312 people, 107 households, and 80 families residing in the city. The population density was 988.6 people per square mile (376.4/km). There were 108 housing units at an average density of 342.2 per square mile (130.3/km). The racial makeup of the city was 93.91% White, 0.64% from other races, and 5.45% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.53% of the population.
There were 107 households, out of which 37.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.3% were married couples living together, 13.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.2% were non-families. 18.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.92 and the average family size was 3.30.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 28.8% under the age of 18, 8.0% from 18 to 24, 30.8% from 25 to 44, 19.6% from 45 to 64, and 12.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 103.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.0 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $35,208, and the median income for a family was $37,500. Males had a median income of $31,000 versus $20,000 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,033. About 9.0% of families and 10.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.3% of those under age 18 and 2.3% of those age 65 or over.
Scotts Mill Park
The park, managed by Marion County, opened in 1961 on of land donated by Portland General Electric and donated by Merle and Barbara Haskins. Open from 8 a.m. to sunset from May to October, it has play fields and equipment, picnic tables, and restrooms, a waterfall, a wading pool, and a swimming hole in Butte Creek. The park is at .
References
External links
Entry for Scotts Mills in the Oregon Blue Book
Cities in Oregon
Cities in Marion County, Oregon
Salem, Oregon metropolitan area
1916 establishments in Oregon
|
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130907
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silverton%2C%20Oregon
|
Silverton, Oregon
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Silverton is a city in Marion County, Oregon, United States. The city is situated along the 45th parallel about northeast of Salem, in the eastern margins of the broad alluvial plain of the Willamette Valley. The city is named after Silver Creek, which flows through the town from Silver Falls into the Pudding River, and thence into the Willamette River. The community of Milford was founded in 1846 with a sawmill, store and several other buildings two miles upstream from the present location of Silverton. In about 1853 a second sawmill was built on Silver Creek near where the Silverton city hall now stands. In 1854 the town of Silverton was platted and registered with Marion County. Human habitation of the Silverton area extends back approximately 6,000 years before the present. In historical times, the region was dominated by the Kalapuya and Molala peoples, whose seasonal burns of the area made it plow-ready and attractive to early 19th century Euro-American settlers. Farming was Silverton's first major industry, and has been a dominant land-use activity in and around Silverton since the mid-19th century.
Silverton is part of the Salem Metropolitan Statistical Area, and the population core of the Silver Falls School District. The population was 9,222 at the time of the 2010 census.
Geography
Silverton is situated on the eastern edge of the Willamette Valley, a fertile and alluvial plain which stretches from the western foothills of the Cascade Range on the east, known as the Waldo Hills, to the eastern foothills of the Oregon Coast Range on the west. Silverton lies on either side of Silver Creek, a tributary of the Pudding River, which joins the Molalla River before emptying into the northward-flowing Willamette River. Abiqua Creek also empties into the Pudding River; it flows across the eastern valley north of Silverton, further draining the land around the city.
Silverton's elevation is between above mean sea level with the steep-sided, heavily-wooded Waldo Hills to the south rising an additional . The agricultural richness of the environs is due to massive and repeated floods from prehistoric Lake Missoula in western Montana. Beginning approximately 13,000 years before the present, repeated flooding from Lake Missoula scoured eastern Washington and Oregon, carved out the Columbia River Gorge, and periodically swept down the Columbia River; when floodwaters met ice jams in southwest Washington, the backed-up water spilled over and filled the entire Willamette Valley to a depth of above current sea level, creating a body of water known as Lake Allison. The gradual receding of Lake Allison's waters left layered sedimentary volcanic and glacial soils to a height of about above current sea level throughout the Tualatin, Yamhill and Willamette Valleys.
Until the mid-19th century, the Silverton area was a broad, open grassland with small stands of Oregon white oak, ponderosa pine and Douglas fir. Stands of Oregon white oak, red alder, big leaf maple, and black cottonwood lined streams and river banks. While these tree species are extant today, widespread farming in the Willamette Valley between 1850 and 1870 altered the land through the discontinuation of widespread seasonal burning in the valley plains previously employed by the Kalapuya people. Large stands of Douglas fir and western red cedar, mixed with Oregon white oak, remain in the Silverton area, especially on eastern ridge tops and on the slopes of the Waldo Hills to the south. Due to decades of intensive timber extraction, mature second- and third-growth trees comprise existing evergreen stands.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which is land and is water.
Climate
This region experiences warm (with occasional hot spells) and dry summers, but with no average monthly temperatures above . According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Silverton has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate, abbreviated "Csb" on climate maps. The climate is relatively mild, considering Silverton's northern latitude, and temperature fluctuations are generally small. Precipitation, primarily in the form of fall and winter rain, ranges between annually. Silverton's climate and its soil have made the area well suited for a variety of crops and for livestock grazing.
Demographics
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 9,222 people, 3,452 households, and 2,442 families residing in Silverton. The population density was . There were 3,477 housing units, 18.1% of which were housing units in multi-unit structures. The homeownership rate was 64.3% and the median value of owner-occupied housing units was $229,700. The racial makeup of the city was 84.1% White, 12.7% Hispanic or Latino of any race, 1.7% from other races, 1.0% Asian, 0.7% Native American, 0.2% African American, and 0.1% Pacific Islander.
Of the 3,452 households in Silverton, 34.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them. 54% were married couples living together, 12.6% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.1% had a male householder with no wife present, and 29.3% were non-families. 24.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 25.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.65 and the average family size was 3.15.
The median age in Silverton was 35.8 years. 28.4% of residents were under the age of 18; 17.2% were 62 years of age or older. Silverton's gender makeup was 47.6% male and 52.4% female. 91.7% were high school graduates, and 29.1% held bachelor's or higher degrees. The median household income was $51,687. 16.1% of the population lived at or below the poverty level.
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 7,414 people, 3,452 households, and
2,442 families residing in Silverton. There were 2,865 housing units, and the population density was . Silverton's homeownership rate was 60.7%, while 39.9% of occupied housing units were rented. The median value of owner-occupied housing units was $148,800. The racial makeup of Silverton was 89.4% White, 11.6% Hispanic or Latino of any race, 1.09% Native American, 0.43% Asian, 0.21% African American, and 8.83% other races.
The median age in Silverton was 33 (31 for males and 35 for females). 37.7% were under the age of 18, 13.4% were 65 years of age or older, 47% were male and 53% female. Of the population 25 years of age and older, 7.1% possessed a graduate or professional degree, 15.3% held a bachelor's degree, 5.2% held an associate degree, 28% had some college education but no degree, while an additional 28.8% had graduated from high school or its equivalent but had not received any college education. 15.6% failed to complete high school.
The median salary for a male was $34,707 while the median for a female was $24,479. Major employers in Silverton in 2000 included the Silver Falls School District (400+ employees), Silverton Hospital (402), Champion Homes (200+), Brucepac (100+), and Mallorie's Dairy (90). The median household income was $38,429. 11.7% of Silverton households earned less than $10,000 per year, while 2.5% earned $150,000 or more. About 10.4% of families and 13.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.7% of those under age 18 and 6.0% of those age 65 or over.
Education
Silverton is the population core of the Silver Falls School District, which, in addition to Silverton, serves nearby Scotts Mills in as well as communities in the surrounding foothills up to Silver Falls State Park. Currently there are twelve elementary schools in the district, and the campus of Silverton High School on Pine Street, which was completed in 2009. Voters passed a bond levy in 1994 for construction of a new high school to be completed in two phases. The first phase of the new high school was completed in 1997, with a capacity for 500 students. The second phase was not completed until the summer of 2009, after voters passed a new bond levy in November 2006. In autumn 2009, students at the high school's old campus moved into the new campus at 802 Schlador Street. As of October 2014, the School District was seeking proposals from architectural firms for completion of the Middle School Schlador Campus Reconstruction in Silverton.
In 2006, Silverton and Silver Falls School District formed a partnership to support, maintain, and operate Silverton's local access cable channel, SCAN-TV.
In 2014, Silverton High School's enrolled students numbered 1,196. Of those students, 39% were judged to be economically disadvantaged. 36.9% were entitled to receive a free or reduced-rate lunch. 14% of the student population were disabled, 11% were English language learners. Compared to other similar high schools, Silverton High School students' scholastic achievements rated above average. The racial makeup of the school was 81.7% White, 14.5% Hispanic, 0.9% African-American, 0.6% Native American, 0.5% Asian. 1.9% were Other/Unknown.
History
The first white settlers arrived at Silver Creek in the 1800s. Two settlers, James Smith and John Barger created a sawmill along the creek in 1846. The town was originally known as Milford. In 1854, the town was abandoned and the settlers moved downstream to the current spot of Silverton. The town was first known as Silver Creek but the name was changed a year later. The town expanded and grew and was incorporated in 1885. The town now housed about 229 people. The town continued to grow until now, where it now has over 10,000 people.
Killing of Andrew Hanlon
In June 2008, Silverton came to international attention when an unarmed Irish citizen, Andrew James (AJ) Hanlon, aged 20, was killed by a police officer, Tony Gonzalez, in controversial circumstances. Gonzalez, who was responding to a reported disturbance of the peace, shot the unarmed Hanlon five times, although Hanlon's sister recalled seeing seven bullets in her brother's body.
The death, which Hanlon's sister described as the only shooting in Silverton in the past twenty years, was greeted with shock there as well as in Ireland, particularly when it emerged that Hanlon had been experiencing psychological issues and had most probably gotten lost on his way home to his sister's house in Silverton. Complaints were made by Hanlon's family that it took six hours for the police to inform his sister of her brother's death, despite her living only a mile away, and questions were asked why the police had not used a tazer, which was available to them. Requests for transparency were greeted by obfuscation and secrecy and claims that, in Andrew Hanlon's mother's words, the city's establishment "had closed ranks on" the Hanlon family to protect Gonzalez. while the Consulate in San Francisco of the Government of Ireland registered concern over the killing. Protests outside Silverton City Hall were also ignored. On 24 July 2008, a Marion County grand jury found that because Gonzalez had testified that he believed that Andrew James Hanlon was armed, his killing was justified. Eight days later, on August 1, 2008, and just over a month after Andrew was killed on the 30th of June, Gonzalez resigned from Silverton's police department. He had been arrested in July and charged with child abuse. On December 7, 2008, Gonzalez was sentenced to 6 years and 3 months imprisonment when he pleaded guilty to sexually abusing a teenage girl.
Points of interest
Silverton is the gateway to Silver Falls State Park, Oregon's largest state park. Town Square Park in downtown is a small park with a footbridge crossing Silverton Creek and a war memorial.
The Oregon Garden, an botanical park, is in Silverton.
Shrine of Bobbie the Wonder Dog replica of Bobbie and his 1920s era doghouse
Gordon House, located on the grounds of Silverton's Oregon Garden, is the only house in the Pacific Northwest designed by Frank Lloyd Wright which is open to the public. Gordon House was one of the last of Lloyd Wright's famed Usonian designs.
Silverton has a number of outsized murals, including Norman Rockwell's The Four Freedoms originally painted on the side of a building located at 402 Main Street in Silverton, and visible from Second Street In 2015, the original building was razed and, after abandoning hopes to salvage them, the murals were destroyed during demolition. However, community efforts replaced them with a new replica at 990 N. First St.
Every August, the Homer Davenport Community Festival celebrates Silverton's most famous citizen—writer, political cartoonist, and Arabian horse breeder Homer Davenport (1867–1912)—with exhibits, entertainment, an arts and crafts fair, rides, races, contests, a cartooning competition, a party, and a parade.
Saturday's Farmers Market showcases the produce and wares of local farmers and artisans.
The Palace Theater in Silverton's Commercial Historic District is a movie theater constructed in the early 1900s. Originally called the Opera House, it has been showing motion pictures to the public since at least 1909. The Palace Theater has survived two fires, one in 1935 that destroyed a large portion of downtown, and the other in April 2012. The 2012 fire was mostly limited to the concession area, although the smoke damage was extensive and caused at least one other business to temporarily close. One of the current co-owners of the theater is the former mayor, Stu Rasmussen, the first openly transgender mayor in the United States.
Notable people
Greg Craven, climate change activist who produced a viral video on YouTube
Homer Davenport, political cartoonist
Scott Gragg, NFL tackle
Bill Grier, college basketball coach, formerly head coach at University of San Diego
Donald Pettit, astronaut
Stu Rasmussen, first openly transgender mayor in the United States
Media
The Appeal
The first bank robbery and chase scene in the movie Bandits was filmed in Silverton.
References
Notes
Sources
External links
Entry for Silverton in the Oregon Blue Book
Silverton Chamber of Commerce
1854 establishments in Oregon Territory
Cities in Marion County, Oregon
Cities in Oregon
Populated places established in 1854
Salem, Oregon metropolitan area
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St.%20Paul%2C%20Oregon
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St. Paul, Oregon
|
St. Paul is a city in Marion County, Oregon, United States. It is named after the Saint Paul Mission founded by Archbishop François Norbert Blanchet, who arrived in the Oregon Country in 1838 to minister to the Catholic inhabitants of French Prairie. The population was 421 at the 2010 census. The city is part of the Salem Metropolitan Statistical Area.
History
French Prairie settlers built a log church near this locale in 1836. On January 6, 1839, Father (later Archbishop) Blanchet celebrated the first Catholic mass in Oregon at St. Paul, when he blessed the log church and dedicated it to St. Paul.
St. Paul Roman Catholic Church was built in 1846 and is the oldest brick building in the Pacific Northwest.
St. Paul post office was established in 1874. The city was incorporated in 1901.
Pioneer cemetery
St. Paul Pioneer Cemetery, founded in 1839, is the burial location for William Cannon, the only authenticated Revolutionary War veteran buried in Oregon. He had arrived in Oregon in 1811 as part of John Jacob Astor's American Fur Company. His is the only grave marked with an upright headstone in the cemetery. Only one other grave is marked; the rest of the grave markers were mistakenly bulldozed in the 1930s.
Along with Cannon, 535 other early settlers and Native Americans are buried in the pioneer cemetery, including Étienne Lucier, known as "The Father of Oregon Agriculture", and François Rivet and Philippe Degre who claimed to be members of the Lewis and Clark Expedition. Rivet had accompanied the expedition as far as Fort Mandan, and Degre attached himself in to the company while they wintered there in 1804–1805.
A wall of remembrance in the cemetery was dedicated in 2005, with members of the Confederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde Community of Oregon as honored guests. Early French Canadian settlers often married women from the local tribes, which included the Clackamas, Molala and Kalapuya.
Archbishop Blanchet was originally buried in the pioneer cemetery, but his remains were later moved to St. Paul Catholic Cemetery a few blocks away. The new cemetery was founded in 1875 and includes a "Nuns Corner", where several sisters who had originally been buried in a corner of the convent garden were reinterred. Early settler and provisional legislator William J. Bailey is also buried at the new cemetery.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all of it land.
The city is near Mission Creek, a tributary of Champoeg Creek, which flows into the Willamette River.
Demographics
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 421 people, 147 households, and 113 families residing in the city. The population density was . There were 151 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 94.1% White, 0.5% Native American, 4.8% from other races, and 0.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 14.7% of the population.
There were 147 households, of which 43.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 66.0% were married couples living together, 6.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.8% had a male householder with no wife present, and 23.1% were non-families. 20.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.86 and the average family size was 3.28.
The median age in the city was 38 years. 30.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 4.9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 26.5% were from 25 to 44; 25.7% were from 45 to 64; and 12.4% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.2% male and 50.8% female.
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 354 people, 123 households, and 90 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,231.4 people per square mile (471.3/km). There were 128 housing units at an average density of 445.2 per square mile (170.4/km). The racial makeup of the city was 78.25% White, 0.28% African American, 0.56% Native American, 0.28% Asian, 18.08% from other races, and 2.54% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 25.71% of the population.
There were 123 households, out of which 34.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.5% were married couples living together, 8.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.8% were non-families. 19.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.88 and the average family size was 3.34.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 30.5% under the age of 18, 7.9% from 18 to 24, 25.4% from 25 to 44, 22.0% from 45 to 64, and 14.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 110.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 106.7 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $43,750, and the median income for a family was $55,000. Males had a median income of $39,583 versus $25,357 for females. The per capita income for the city was $19,144. About 3.8% of families and 11.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.0% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over.
Arts and culture
Annual cultural events
The St. Paul Rodeo has been held every 4th of July since 1935. It is one of the 20 largest rodeos in the U.S. and was voted by the Professional Rodeo Cowboys Association as the finest rodeo in the Pacific Northwest in 1991.
Also, every summer, the Professional Bull Riders holds a minor-league, Touring Pro Division (TPD) event in St. Paul.
Museums and other points of interest
The center of St. Paul was listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in 1982 as the St. Paul Historic District. The district includes 63 contributing properties, with St. Paul Catholic Church, which is also individually listed on the NRHP, as the centerpiece.
Education
Public education in St. Paul is provided by the two-school St. Paul School District. St. Paul Elementary School serves grades Pre-K through 6, and St. Paul Middle & High School serves grades 7 through 12. St. Paul Parochial School, a private Pre-K through eighth grade parish school, was founded in 1844 by six Sisters of Notre Dame de Namur as Sainte Marie de Willamette. The sisters ran the school until 1853. In 1861, the Sisters of the Holy Names of Jesus and Mary took over the school and ran it through the 1980s. From 1993 through 2000, the school was served by the Sisters of St. Mary of Oregon.
Transportation
Oregon Route 219 passes through St. Paul.
Notable people
Herman Pillette (1895–1960), baseball player
References
External links
Entry for St. Paul in the Oregon Blue Book
Historic images of St. Paul from Salem Public Library Historic Photograph Collections
Images of St. Paul from University of Oregon Libraries Digital Collections
https://www.stpauloregon.org
Cities in Oregon
Cities in Marion County, Oregon
Salem, Oregon metropolitan area
Populated places established in 1839
1839 establishments in Oregon Country
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] |
130909
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stayton%2C%20Oregon
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Stayton, Oregon
|
Stayton is a city in Marion County, Oregon, United States, located southeast of the state capital, Salem, on Oregon Route 22. It is south of Sublimity and east of Aumsville. Located on the North Santiam River, Stayton is a regional agricultural and light manufacturing center. The population was 7,644 at the 2010 census. Established in 1872, it was incorporated in 1891. Stayton is part of the Salem Metropolitan Statistical Area.
History
Stayton was founded by Drury Smith Stayton, who purchased the town site in 1866 and built a carding mill and sawmill on a watercourse of the North Santiam River. In 1872, he platted the town site, and that same year the community received a post office. A ferry crossing of the Santiam River operated from 1876 until a bridge was constructed in 1888. By 1880, a laundry had been established by Kee Sing and Tom. The first newspaper, The Stayton Sun, was published in 1889 by T. H. McGill.
The founder of Stayton, Drury Stayton, originally wanted to name the city after his daughter, Florence Stayton. After his petition was denied by the post office because another city in Oregon was named Florence, he chose Stayton and named a street after his daughter. The city was incorporated as the Town of Stayton in 1891 after a failed attempt in 1884.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which, is land and is water.
Climate
Stayton experiences a temperate climate that is usually described as oceanic with mild, damp winters and relatively dry, warm summers, like most of the Pacific Northwest.
Summers in Stayton are warm and relatively sunny but can, on occasion, be wet. The warmest month is August with a daytime average of and an average low of . Because of its inland location, Stayton can experience heat waves, in July and August particularly, with air temperatures sometimes rising over .
Winters are described as somewhat mild and very wet. Cold snaps can occur and last for several days, and snowfall occurs a few times throughout the winter season; the city has been known to see major snow and ice storms. Spring can bring rather unpredictable weather, resulting from brief warm spells, to thunderstorms rolling off the Cascade Range.
The lowest temperature ever recorded in Stayton was , on December 8, 1972.
According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Stayton has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate, abbreviated "Csb" on climate maps.
Demographics
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 7,644 people, 2,882 households, and 2,031 families living in the city. The population density was . There were 3,049 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 87.7% White, 14.3% Hispanic or Latino, 1.4% Native American, 0.7% Asian, 0.5% African American, 0.2% Pacific Islander, 5.9% from other races, and 3.6% from two or more races.
There were 2,882 households, of which 38.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.3% were married couples living together, 14.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 29.5% were non-families. 24.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.65 and the average family size was 3.15.
The median age in the city was 35 years. 27.8% of residents were under the age of 18; 9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 25.3% were from 25 to 44; 24.9% were from 45 to 64; and 12.9% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.3% male and 51.7% female.
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 6,816 people, 2,519 households, and 1,851 families living in the city. The population density was 2,525.3 people per square mile (974.7/km). There were 2,654 housing units at an average density of 983.3 per square mile (379.5/km). The racial makeup of the city was 90.95% White, 9.18% Hispanic or Latino of any race, 1.50% Native American, 0.62% Asian, 0.13% African American, 0.07% Pacific Islander, 3.84% from other races, and 2.89% from two or more races.
There were 2,519 households, out of which 41.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.4% were married couples living together, 14.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.5% were non-families. 21.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.70 and the average family size was 3.14.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 30.9% under the age of 18, 10.0% from 18 to 24, 27.7% from 25 to 44, 19.2% from 45 to 64, and 12.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.8 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $34,004, and the median income for a family was $41,389. Males had a median income of $32,437 versus $24,067 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,740. About 11.5% of families and 14.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.6% of those under age 18 and 5.6% of those age 65 or over.
Education
Stayton is served by the North Santiam School District. Public schools in Stayton include Stayton High School, Stayton Middle/Intermediate School, and Stayton Elementary School. Private Catholic schools include Regis High School and St. Mary Elementary School.
Infrastructure
Santiam Hospital is the lone hospital in the city. The only state highway is Route 22, which is located on the north side of Stayton, separating it from Sublimity.
Points of Interest
Local attractions include Pioneer Park with the Stayton–Jordan Bridge, a covered bridge. A copy of the Jordan Bridge that spanned Thomas Creek east of Scio, it was moved to the park in 1988. Destroyed by fire in 1994, it was rebuilt and painted white. It is used for social occasions such as weddings. Kingston Prairie Preserve, southeast of Stayton, protects a remnant of the native prairie that was once common in the central Willamette Valley. Silver Falls State Park is northeast of Stayton; it is the largest state park in Oregon and a major tourist destination in the region, popular for its camping, and for its waterfalls.
In Popular Culture
In 2014, The Band Perry filmed part of their music video, Chainsaw at the Bottle Factory in Stayton.
Notable people
Travis Lulay - football player
Jay Baller - baseball pitcher
Fred Girod - politician
Albin W. Norblad - judge
A. Walter Norblad - Congressman
Terry Schrunk - politician
Wanda Brown Shaw - educator
Greg Brock (baseball)] - Major League Baseball Player
References
External links
City of Stayton (official website)
Entry for Stayton in the Oregon Blue Book
Cities in Oregon
Cities in Marion County, Oregon
Salem, Oregon metropolitan area
1872 establishments in Oregon
Populated places established in 1872
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130910
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sublimity%2C%20Oregon
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Sublimity, Oregon
|
Sublimity is a city in Marion County, Oregon, United States. The population was 2,681 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Salem Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all of it land.
Demographics
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 2,681 people, 1,063 households, and 678 families living in the city. The population density was . There were 1,142 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 95.8% White, 0.2% African American, 0.5% Native American, 0.4% Asian, 1.0% from other races, and 2.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.1% of the population.
There were 1,063 households, of which 27.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.9% were married couples living together, 7.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 2.6% had a male householder with no wife present, and 36.2% were non-families. 33.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 24.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.33 and the average family size was 2.97.
The median age in the city was 47.6 years. 21.6% of residents were under the age of 18; 5.6% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 18.8% were from 25 to 44; 24.9% were from 45 to 64; and 29% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.1% male and 52.9% female.
2000 census
As of the United States 2000 Census, there were 2,148 people, 686 households, and 509 families living in the city. The population density was 2,259.7 people per square mile (873.0/km). There were 711 housing units at an average density of 748.0 per square mile (289.0/km). The racial makeup of the city was 97.44% White, 0.09% African American, 0.47% Native American, 0.28% Asian, 0.23% Pacific Islander, 0.23% from other races, and 1.26% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.63% of the population.
There were 686 households, out of which 36.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 65.6% were married couples living together, 6.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.7% were non-families. 22.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.67 and the average family size was 3.14.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 24.3% under the age of 18, 5.4% from 18 to 24, 22.2% from 25 to 44, 18.7% from 45 to 64, and 29.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 81.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 75.5 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $49,034, and the median income for a family was $55,921. Males had a median income of $42,734 versus $25,924 for females. The per capita income for the city was $18,646. About 4.9% of families and 7.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.8% of those under age 18 and 8.9% of those age 65 or over.
Historic buildings
Historic buildings in Sublimity include:
St. Boniface Church
References
External links
City of Sublimity (official website)
Entry for Sublimity in the Oregon Blue Book
Sublimity data from city-data.com
Cities in Oregon
Cities in Marion County, Oregon
Salem, Oregon metropolitan area
1903 establishments in Oregon
Populated places established in 1903
|
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] |
130911
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turner%2C%20Oregon
|
Turner, Oregon
|
Turner is a city in Marion County, Oregon, United States. The population was 1,854 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Salem Metropolitan Statistical Area. The community was incorporated by the Oregon Legislative Assembly on February 10, 1905.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which, is land and is water.
Demographics
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 1,854 people, 710 households, and 513 families living in the city. The population density was . There were 768 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 93.2% White, 0.6% African American, 1.7% Native American, 0.5% Asian, 2.0% from other races, and 2.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 7.3% of the population.
There were 710 households, of which 33.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.6% were married couples living together, 8.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.8% had a male householder with no wife present, and 27.7% were non-families. 23.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.61 and the average family size was 3.07.
The median age in the city was 39 years. 25.5% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.1% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 24.8% were from 25 to 44; 24.4% were from 45 to 64; and 18.3% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.1% male and 51.9% female.
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,199 people, 491 households, and 330 families living in the city. The population density was 778.0 people per square mile (300.6/km). There were 522 housing units at an average density of 338.7 per square mile (130.9/km). The racial makeup of the city was 93.83% White, 0.08% African American, 1.67% Native American, 0.25% Asian, 2.00% from other races, and 2.17% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.34% of the population.
There were 491 households, out of which 27.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.8% were married couples living together, 7.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.6% were non-families. 27.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 20.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.44 and the average family size was 2.99.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 23.8% under the age of 18, 7.4% from 18 to 24, 24.3% from 25 to 44, 22.4% from 45 to 64, and 22.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.5 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $36,250, and the median income for a family was $43,906. Males had a median income of $38,125 versus $23,636 for females. The per capita income for the city was $26,234. About 4.8% of families and 9.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.8% of those under age 18 and 7.3% of those age 65 or over.
Notable people
Dean Cromwell (1879–1962), U.S. Olympic track and field coach, USC track and football coach
Tyrell Williams (born 1992), Professional NFL football player, wide receiver, Las Vegas Raiders
See also
Enchanted Forest
References
External links
Entry for Turner in the Oregon Blue Book
Cities in Oregon
Cities in Marion County, Oregon
Salem, Oregon metropolitan area
1905 establishments in Oregon
Populated places established in 1905
|
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodburn%2C%20Oregon
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Woodburn, Oregon
|
Woodburn is a city in Marion County, Oregon, United States. Incorporated in 1889, the community had been platted in 1871 after the arrival of the railroad. The city is located in the northern end of the Willamette Valley between Portland and Salem. Interstate 5 connects it to major cities to the north and south. Oregon routes 211, 214, 219, and 99E also serve the city, as do Union Pacific and Willamette Valley Railway freight rail lines.
Woodburn is part of the Salem Metropolitan Statistical Area. With a population of 24,080 at the 2010 census, it is the third-most populous in that metropolitan area after Salem and Keizer.
History
Originally, the area around Woodburn was inhabited by the Kalapuya Native Americans. After the Provisional Government of Oregon set-up land claims in the Oregon Country, the United States annexed much of the Pacific Northwest and established the Oregon Territory in 1848. Congress passed the Donation Land Claim Act in 1850 and many earlier land claims became donation land claims.
Eli C. Cooley, Bradford S. Bonney, George Leisure, and Jean B. Ducharme all established donation land claims on the eastern part of the French Prairie where Woodburn would later be founded. Cooley immigrated to Oregon in 1845, and Bonney established his land claim in 1849. Ducharme's land was sold off in 1862 in a foreclosure, with Mt. Angel farmer George Settlemier purchasing the on the cheap.
Settlemier had traveled west over the Oregon Trail in 1849 and first settled in California before moving north to Oregon in 1850. He settled in the Mt. Angel area where he was a successful nurseryman. Settlemier then moved to his new property in 1863 and established the Woodburn Nursery Company. Despite improvements to the land, including construction of his home, title in the land remained in doubt due to the purchase via a foreclosure.
During the litigation over title in the land, Settlemier borrowed money from capitalist William Reed with the land as collateral. When Reed began to build a railroad through the area, he decided to run the line through what became Woodburn in anticipation of acquiring the land himself, as he expected Settlemier to default on the mortgage. However, Settlemier did not default and eventually his case made it to the Supreme Court of the United States in Settlemier v. Sullivan, 97 U.S. 444 (1878). He gained a favorable ruling and retained the land.
Meanwhile, transportation baron Ben Holladay ran his Oregon and California Railroad through what became Woodburn in 1871, at which time Settlemier platted the first four blocks of the town.
Originally, the town and station were called Halsey, but the name was changed to Woodburn due to the existence of Halsey, Oregon, further down the valley. The name Woodburn came about after a slash burn that got out of control and burned down a nearby woodlot in the 1880s, after the railroad line had been laid through the area. A railroad official witnessed the fire and renamed the community. The city was incorporated by the Oregon Legislative Assembly on February 20, 1889.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all of it land.
Demographics
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 24,080 people, 7,545 households, and 5,375 families residing in the city. The population density was . There were 8,283 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 60.4% White, 0.5% African American, 2.8% Native American, 0.8% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 31.5% from other races, and 3.8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 58.9% of the population.
There were 7,545 households, of which 35.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.8% were married couples living together, 11.6% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.9% had a male householder with no wife present, and 28.8% were non-families. 24.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.17 and the average family size was 3.74.
The median age in the city was 31.7 years. 30.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 9.6% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 26.2% were from 25 to 44; 17.9% were from 45 to 64; and 15.4% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 50.2% male and 49.8% female.
2000 census
As of 2000, there were 6,274 households, out of which 34.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.1% were married couples living together, 8.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.4% were non-families. 23.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.11 and the average family size was 3.63.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 30.9% under the age of 18, and, as of 2000, 11.8% from 18 to 24, 25.5% from 25 to 44, 14.6% from 45 to 64, and 18.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females, there were 107.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 104.7 males.
As of 2000, the median income for a household in the city was $33,722, and the median income for a family was $36,730. Males had a median income of $21,702 versus $22,606 for females. The per capita income for the city was $12,954. About 11.5% of families and 17.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 23.6% of those under age 18 and 8.8% of those age 65 or over.
According to the 2000 Census, English is the most popular language, used by 46.53% of the general population and 25.94% of those aged 5–17. On the other hand, Spanish is used by 45.83% and 60.41% respectively, while Russian & Ukrainian are spoken by 7.02% among the general population and 13.64% of those aged 5–17.
Old Believers
Woodburn is home for a sizable community of Russian Orthodox Old Believers. This Christian traditionalist church had escaped persecution from the official Russian Orthodox Church and moved to the United States from Turkey in the 1950s. Its women wear traditional long skirts and scarfs, and its men wear beards.
Also present in the city are communities of Russian Molokans, Doukhobors and recent refugees from the former USSR: Ukrainian and Russian Pentecostals and Baptists.
Mexican immigration
In the 1950s, Mexican immigration to Oregon began to increase. Woodburn became a destination that accumulated immigrant farmworkers, and was a place where Mexican workers were caught in sweeps during a federal initiative called Operation Wetback, which returned about one million illegal immigrants to Mexico. Immigration of Mexicans to Woodburn continued to increase through the 1980s, when Latinos made up about 2.5 percent of Oregon's population. By the early 21st century, 59% of the population of Woodburn was Latino, with a mix of first-generation immigrants and long-term residents.
Woodburn Estates
Woodburn is also home to the largest 55+ retirement community in Oregon with 1510 single family homes, a mobile home park, a private, eighteen hole golf course surrounding a clubhouse with auditorium, swimming pool, fitness center, restaurant, billiards room, crafts room, RV storage, and a variety of social events, clubs and activities.
Economy
In August 1999, Woodburn Premium Outlets, known as the Woodburn Company Stores until June 2013, opened in Woodburn. This is an outlet mall with many name-brand clothing companies represented, including Adidas, Nike, Gap, and Banana Republic.
MacLaren Youth Correctional Facility is on Oregon Route 99E on the outskirts of Woodburn, in which young delinquent and criminal males are incarcerated.
Arts and culture
Willamette Ballet Academy was founded in 1982.
Scenes from the 2007 Hallmark Hall of Fame production The Valley of Light, starring Chris Klein, were filmed in Woodburn.
Museums and other points of interest
Listed in 1974 on the National Register of Historic Places, the Jesse H. Settlemier House is a museum located on Settlemier Avenue. The World's Berry Center Museum was founded in the early 1980s. The World's Berry Center Museum occasionally produces plays by Miracle Theatre.
La Fiesta Mexicana is the most important Hispanic event in the area. Each fiesta should include a queen; Francisca Gonzalez was the first selected to receive this honor in the first fiesta in 1964. It was a one-day event that was held in downtown Woodburn. Forty-five years later, the event has grown more popular and now it lasts close to a week. One of the main reasons this event happened was that the ranchers and merchants recognized the importance of the new bicultural relationship with the increased Hispanic population in the area.
Sports
The Woodburn Dragstrip is a 1/4-mile National Hot Rod Association (NHRA) dragstrip that hosts an annual event on the NHRA Lucas Oil Series. It is located about west of Woodburn on Oregon Highway 219.
The Oregon Golf Association (OGA) Golf Course in Woodburn is a public course, rated by Golf Digest in 1996 as one of the top 10 affordable courses in the United States. It routinely hosts many large amateur and high school events in the state.
The Woodburn Golf Club is a 9-hole public course 2 miles west of Woodburn. Established in 1925, play is on a first come basis with sand greens.
Education
Woodburn is served by the Woodburn School District, which includes four elementary schools and two middle schools. Woodburn High School includes the following small schools: the Wellness, Business and Sports School, the Woodburn Academy of Art, Science and Technology, the Academy of International Studies at Woodburn, and the Woodburn Arts and Communications Academy. Woodburn Success High School is the district's alternative high school, serving grades 7–12.
Chemeketa Community College has a satellite campus in Woodburn.
Pacific University opened a College of Education satellite campus in 2012.
Media
The Woodburn Independent is a weekly community newspaper serving the immediate area. The region is also served by the larger Statesman Journal daily newspaper based in Salem and the state's largest newspaper The Oregonian based in Portland.
Woodburn is home to two radio stations. KWBY broadcasts a regional Mexican format and is owned by 94 Country, Inc. It transmits as "La Pantera" 940 AM. KPCN-LP is a low-power community radio station owned and operated by Oregon's largest farmworker union, los Pineros y Campesinos Unidos del Noroeste (PCUN). The station was built by volunteers from Woodburn and around the country in August 2006 at the tenth Prometheus Radio Project barnraising. KPCN broadcasts music, news, and public affairs to listeners in Spanish and several indigenous Latin American languages. It transmits as "Radio Movimiento" 95.9 FM with the slogan "La Voz del Pueblo."
Infrastructure
Transportation
The Transit Division of the Woodburn Community Services Department runs the Woodburn Transit System (WTS), which uses small buses during non-holiday weekdays within the city's limits, and the Dial-a-Ride program, which operates paratransit vans for reservation by the elderly and disabled during weekdays within the local area and, for medical appointments, anywhere between Portland and Salem.
Other public bus systems making stops in Woodburn include CARTS (Chemeketa Area Regional Transportation System), administered by Oregon Housing and Associated Services, Inc. (OHAS) in Salem, and CAT (Canby Area Transit), run by the city of Canby. Both also only operate during non-holiday weekdays.
Greyhound buses also stop in the city. Amtrak's Coast Starlight and Cascades trains pass through but do not stop. The Amtrak affiliated Cascades POINT bus service stops at the Woodburn Park & Ride at the Woodburn I-5 exit.
Notable people
Stacy Allison (born 1958), a 1976 graduate of Woodburn High School and a 1984 Oregon State University alum, was the first American woman to reach the summit of Mount Everest, during her second attempt on September 29, 1988. That same year, when Mayor Nancy Kirksey declared November 17 "Stacy Allison Day," she visited and spoke at several Woodburn venues and attended ceremonies when a street in the city, Stacy Allison Way, was dedicated to her.
Kat Bjelland, of the punk band Babes in Toyland, grew up in Woodburn. Her first performance was at the now-closed Flight 99 tavern.
Model and actress Kate Nauta grew up in Woodburn and lived there until 2000.
Woodburn-born baseball player Dick Whitman was an outfielder for the Brooklyn Dodgers and Philadelphia Phillies; the teams played in the 1949 and 1950 World Series, respectively.
References
External links
Official website
Entry for Woodburn in the Oregon Blue Book
History of Woodburn from the City of Woodburn
1889 establishments in Oregon
Cities in Marion County, Oregon
Cities in Oregon
Old Believer communities in the United States
Populated places established in 1889
Russian communities in the United States
Russian-American culture in Oregon
Salem, Oregon metropolitan area
Ukrainian communities in the United States
|
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130913
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boardman%2C%20Oregon
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Boardman, Oregon
|
Boardman is a city in Morrow County, Oregon, United States on the Columbia River and Interstate 84. As of the 2010 census the population was 3,220. It is currently the largest town in Morrow County, Oregon
History
Boardman was homesteaded in 1903 by Samuel H. Boardman, the first superintendent of the Oregon State Parks System. Boardman and his wife worked for 13 years to develop irrigation for their land; during those years his wife taught school, and Boardman at times worked on railroad construction projects. The Union Pacific Railroad passed through Boardman, where it had a station. The community was platted in 1916 at about the same time Samuel Boardman went to work for the Oregon State Highway Department and became involved in the development of roadside parks.
The Boardman post office opened in 1916. The city was incorporated in 1921. During construction of the John Day Dam on the Columbia River in the 1960s, the city had to be moved south, further from the water. Lake Umatilla, behind the dam, covered much of the original city.
South of Boardman, the U.S. Army Air Force established a training range in 1941. The Air Force transferred ownership of the range in 1960 to the U.S. Navy and it is now known as the Naval Weapons Systems Training Facility Boardman. The range is largely used by NAS Whidbey Island and the Oregon National Guard.
Geography
Boardman is in northeastern Oregon, along Interstate 84 south of the Columbia River. The city is above sea level. It is west of Hermiston and east of Portland. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which is land and is water.
Climate
Boardman has a steppe climate (Köppen BSk).
Demographics
Boardman is part of the Pendleton–Hermiston Micropolitan Statistical Area.
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 3,220 people, 964 households, and 759 families residing in the city. The population density was . There were 1,017 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 60.1% White, 0.7% African American, 0.9% Native American, 2.4% Asian, 0.3% Pacific Islander, 33.0% from other races, and 2.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 61.7% of the population.
There were 964 households, of which 53.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.9% were married couples living together, 14.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 9.1% had a male householder with no wife present, and 21.3% were non-families. 14.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 3.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.34, and the average family size was 3.70.
The median age in the city was 27.5 years. 35.1% of residents were under the age of 18; 11.4% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 28.9% were from 25 to 44; 18.8% were from 45 to 64; and 5.8% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 53.3% male and 46.7% female.
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,855 people, 853 households, and 686 families residing in the town. The population density was 798.2 people per square mile (307.9/km2). There were 947 housing units at an average density of 264.8 per square mile (102.1/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 55.24% White,1.93% Native American, 0.70% Asian, 0.39% African American, 0.11% Pacific Islander, 38.74% from other races, and 2.91% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 50.12% of the population.
There were 853 households, out of which 53.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.4% were married couples living together, 14.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 19.5% were non-families. 14.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.33, and the average family size was 3.66.
In the town the population was spread out, with 38.1% under the age of 18, 11.0% from 18 to 24, 30.5% from 25 to 44, 15.0% from 45 to 64, and 5.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 25 years. For every 100 females, there were 109.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 114.8 males.
The median household income was $32,105, and the median income for a family was $32,543. Males had a median income of $30,000 versus $21,765 for females. The per capita income for the town was $12,297. About 16.3% of families and 20.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 26.2% of those under age 18 and 6.7% of those age 65 or over.
Economy
As of 2013, the six largest employers in Boardman are Lamb Weston (potato products) (370 employees); Oregon Potato Company (125); Portland General Electric (PGE) (113); the Morrow County School District (106), Boardman Foods, (100) and Amazon S3.
The Port of Morrow, Oregon's second-largest port, is adjacent to the city and located on the Columbia Riverfront. The port property also includes two (PGE) gas-fired power plants. PGE also has a coal-fired power plant in the Boardman area; opened in 1980, it had shut down in October, 2020 marking the closure of the last coal fired power plant in Oregon after 40 years of service. This 550MW power plant was the largest single point of emission of greenhouse gases in Oregon. The Umatilla Chemical Depot, which includes the Umatilla Chemical Agent Disposal Facility, is east of the city, northwest of the intersection of I-84 and Interstate 82. Seven miles east of Boardman is the Irrigon Fish Hatchery. Threemile Canyon Farms is the largest farm located In Boardman.
According to a November 2008 article in The Oregonian, a "huge data center linked to Amazon.com [was] under construction" at the Port of Morrow. The data center was to have a dedicated 10-megawatt electrical substation. A website focused on data centers suggested the Boardman site was created in response to the rapid growth of Amazon Web Services; earlier in 2008, Amazon had announced that Amazon S3 was storing 29 billion objects (such as IMDb tables). The project made Boardman the second Oregon city along the Columbia River to host a power-hungry data center for web services: Google has a similar center in The Dalles. By 2012, Apple had announced plans for a server farm south of The Dalles in Prineville, where Facebook already had a similar farm. Rackspace was said to be considering a data center at the Port of Morrow. According to an August 2018 article in the East Oregonian, Amazon has two data centers in Boardman and one in Umatilla and is proposing to build four more data centers in the region. The three data centers in Boardman and Umatilla correspond to the three availability zones in AWS US-West-2 (Oregon) region.
Since 2007, Pacific Ethanol has operated an ethanol plant in Boardman. It can produce up to of ethanol a year from grains. ZeaChem has built a demonstration biorefinery at the Port of Morrow with a capacity of up to of ethanol a year from wood waste. The company hopes to build a much larger commercial refinery with a capacity of annually. However, in April 2013, less than a month after start-up at the demonstration plant, ZeaChem halted production, citing funding problems. The company plans to resume production if financial backing can be found.
Coal export
Ambre Energy, a company based in Australia, has proposed using the Port of Morrow as a transfer point for shipping U.S. coal to Asia. Ambre wants to export up to of coal per year from the Powder River Basin in Wyoming and Montana. It would ship the coal by train to Boardman, where it would be loaded on barges and hauled down the Columbia River to the Port of St. Helens. There it would be transferred to ocean-going ships headed for China, South Korea, Japan, and other Asian countries.
The Ambre plan has generated controversy among proponents touting economic benefits and opponents fearing environmental damage. After the public-comment period ends on August 12, 2013, the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality will decide whether to grant Ambre's request for permits to proceed. To export coal across Oregon in the way Ambre proposes, the company will also need approval from the Oregon Department of State Lands and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.
Transportation
Boardman Airport, owned by the Port of Morrow, is southwest of the city. It is a public airport used mainly for transient and local general aviation. Midcolumbia Bus Company are also in the Boardman area.
References
External links
City of Boardman
Entry for Boardman in the Oregon Blue Book
Cities in Oregon
Cities in Morrow County, Oregon
Oregon populated places on the Columbia River
Port cities in Oregon
Pendleton–Hermiston Micropolitan Statistical Area
Populated places established in 1927
1927 establishments in Oregon
|
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130914
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heppner%2C%20Oregon
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Heppner, Oregon
|
Heppner is a city in, and the county seat of, Morrow County, Oregon, United States. As of 2010, the population was 1,291. Heppner is part of the Pendleton-Hermiston Micropolitan Area. Heppner is named after Henry Heppner, a prominent Jewish-American businessman.
History
Native American settlement
Native Americans lived and traveled along the land between the Columbia Gorge and the Blue Mountains for more than 10,000 years prior to European-American settlement. Ancient petroglyphs have been found approximately 45 miles (72 km.) north of Heppner in Irrigon and Boardman. In 1855, the U.S. Government and the predominant tribes in the region—the Cayuse, Umatilla, and Walla Walla—signed a treaty whereby the tribes gave up, or ceded, to the United States more than 6.4 million acres in what is now northeastern Oregon and southeastern Washington.
European-American settlement
Prior to Heppner's founding in 1872, European-American ranchers used the area as sheep and cattle range as early as 1858. Records suggest these early cattlemen found abundant rye grass along creek bottoms.
Heppner was originally called Standsbury Flats for George W. Standsbury, one of the first European-American settlers in the area. In 1872, Colonel (Col.) Jackson Lee Morrow, a merchant, entered into a partnership with Henry Heppner, a prominent Jewish businessman, and they built a store on the crossing of the present May and Main streets. Soon thereafter, a mail and stagecoach line began operations between Pendleton and The Dalles and passed through Heppner.
Col. Jackson Lee Morrow was later elected to the Oregon legislative assembly and was instrumental in helping to carve out a new county for Heppner from neighboring Umatilla County and a portion of Wasco County. The assembly named the new county in Morrow's honor.
Heppner was designated the temporary county seat at the time the county was created and narrowly defeated nearby Lexington in an election held in 1886 to determine the permanent county seat. Heppner was incorporated in the following year on February 9, 1887.
In 1888, the Oregon Railroad and Navigation Company completed a railroad spur from the Columbia River up the Willow Creek drainage to Heppner.
The Historic Morrow County Courthouse was built in 1902-03 and is one of the oldest continuously used courthouses in Oregon. In 1985, the courthouse was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Flood of June 1903
Heppner was almost destroyed by a flash flood on Sunday, June 14, 1903. The flood was precipitated by a sudden cloudburst and accompanying hail that caused a debris dam collapse and flash flooding, notably on Willow Creek. A wall of water and debris swept down the creeks and canyons and through the city. It has been estimated that 238 people (a quarter of the city's population) drowned, making it the deadliest natural disaster in Oregon's history. Property damage was reported at nearly $1 million. The nearby cities of Ione and Lexington also sustained significant damage. In 1983, the Willow Creek Dam at the outskirts of the city was finished.
Post-flood recovery
The railroad and a growing network of roads had by the early decades of the 20th century made Heppner a trade center and distribution point for regional farm products including wheat, alfalfa, sheep, cattle, horses, and hogs. Despite the flood and two fires in 1918 that destroyed City Hall, the Palace Hotel, the library, many businesses, and more than 30 homes, the community rebuilt. One of its creations, the Heppner Hotel, opened in 1920 and, housing a variety of businesses over the years, it served as a community gathering place through 1972, when its last restaurant closed.
Demographics
Census estimates
As of July 1, 2016, the annual estimate of the resident population of Heppner was 1,297.
2010 Census
As of the census of 2010, there were 1,291 people, 559 households, and 370 families residing in the city. The population density was . There were 647 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 92.5% White, 0.2% African American, 1.2% Native American, 0.3% Asian, 2.6% from other races, and 3.3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.7% of the population.
There were 559 households, of which 26.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.3% were married couples living together, 8.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.7% had a male householder with no wife present, and 33.8% were non-families. 29.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.30 and the average family size was 2.78.
The median age in the city was 45.9 years. 22.5% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.5% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 19.6% were from 25 to 44; 29.8% were from 45 to 64; and 21.5% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 50.6% male and 49.4% female.
2000 Census
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,395 people, 583 households, and 398 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,138.5 people per square mile (437.9/km2). There were 660 housing units at an average density of 538.7 per square mile (207.2/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 96.70% White, 1.00% Native American, 0.43% Asian, 1.51% from other races, and 0.36% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.58% of the population.
There were 583 households, out of which 28.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.6% were married couples living together, 7.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.7% were non-families. 28.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.36 and the average family size was 2.88.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 24.5% under the age of 18, 5.9% from 18 to 24, 24.3% from 25 to 44, 24.9% from 45 to 64, and 20.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.9 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $33,421, and the median income for a family was $42,500. Males had a median income of $37,381 versus $20,714 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,729. About 11.1% of families and 13.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.9% of those under age 18 and 7.0% of those age 65 or over.
Geography
Heppner is at an elevation of between the Columbia River to the north and the Blue Mountains to the southeast. The city is along Oregon Route 74, about southwest of Pendleton and east of Portland.
Route 74 forms part of the Blue Mountain Scenic Byway, a set of roads connecting Interstate 84 (I-84) along the Columbia River with the North Fork John Day River in the Blue Mountains. Part of the route follows the Willow Creek drainage through Heppner.
Heppner is upstream of Lexington, Ione, and Arlington. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which, is land and is water.
Climate
Annual cultural events
Heppner hosts an annual "A Wee Bit O'Ireland" celebration around Saint Patrick's Day. The city also hosts the annual Blue Mountain Century Bikeway, a scenic bicycle ride loop of approximately 108 miles starting and ending in Heppner.
Economy and education
As of 2002, the five largest employers in Heppner were Morrow County, the Morrow County Health District, the Morrow County School District, the Heppner Ranger District, and the Bank of Eastern Oregon.
Heppner is served by the Morrow School District, which includes Heppner Junior/Senior High School and Heppner Elementary. Heppner is also served by the Heppner Branch of the Oregon Trail Library District, part of Oregon's Sage Library System.
Government
Local
Heppner is a municipal corporation with the official name City of Heppner per the 1996 Heppner Charter. The powers of the city are vested in the city council which consists of a mayor and six council members each nominated and elected from the city at large or, in case of one or more vacancies in the council, the council members whose offices are not vacant. The mayor serves two-year terms and the council members serve four-year terms. Heppner also maintains a city manager who is appointed by, and may be removed by, a majority of the entire city council. The appointment of city manager is made without regard to political considerations and solely on the basis of administrative qualifications. The mayor votes as a council member with no appointive powers.
As of April 2021, Jim Kindle serves as mayor. Council members include David Gunderson, JoAnna Lamb, John Bowles, Corey Sweeney, Dale Bates, and Adam Doherty. Kraig Cutsforth serves as the City Manager.
State
Heppner is part of Oregon State House District 57 which includes Gilliam, Morrow, Sherman, Umatilla, and Wasco counties and of Oregon State Senate District 29 which includes Gilliam, Morrow Sherman, Umatilla, Union, Wallowa, and parts of Wasco counties. As of September 2017, Representative Greg Smith (R) serves Heppner in the Oregon State House and Senator Bill Hansell (R) serves Heppner in the Oregon State Senate.
Federal
Heppner is part of Oregon's Second Congressional District. As of September 2017, Heppner is represented by U.S. Rep. Greg Walden (R). Separately, congressional senators for Oregon include Jeff Merkley (D) and Ron Wyden (D).
Notable people
John Kilkenny, Judge, U.S. District Court for the District of Oregon and Judge, U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit
Greg Smith, Oregon State Representative, District 57
Mary Van Stevens, Mayor (1955–56)
References
Further reading
DenOuden, Bob, 'Without a Second's Warning' The Heppner Flood of 1903. Oregon Historical Quarterly 105:1 (Spring, 2004).
DenOuden, Bob. "Heppner Flood of 1903." The Oregon Encyclopedia, The Oregon Historical Society and Portland State University, 29 Apr. 2015.
External links
Entry for Heppner in the Oregon Blue Book
County seats in Oregon
Cities in Morrow County, Oregon
Cities in Oregon
Pendleton–Hermiston Micropolitan Statistical Area
1887 establishments in Oregon
Populated places established in 1887
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130915
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ione%2C%20Oregon
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Ione, Oregon
|
Ione is a city in Morrow County, Oregon, United States. The population was 329 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Pendleton–Hermiston Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Geography
Ione is at an elevation of between the Columbia River to the north and the Blue Mountains to the southeast. It is along Oregon Route 74, northwest of Heppner, south of Interstate 84 (I-84), and east of Portland.
Willow Creek flows through Ione, which is downstream of Heppner and Lexington and upstream of Arlington. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all of it land.
Route 74 forms part of the Blue Mountain Scenic Byway, a set of roads connecting I-84 along the Columbia River with the North Fork John Day River in the Blue Mountains. Part of the route follows the Willow Creek drainage through Ione.
Climate
This region experiences warm (but not hot) and dry summers, with no average monthly temperatures above . According to the Köppen climate classification system, Ione has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate, Csb on climate maps.
History
In 1883, landowner E. G. Sperry named the community Ione after Ione Arthur, a girl who was visiting the Sperrys with her family. Aaron Royse managed the first store in Ione, and he became the first postmaster when an Ione post office was established in 1884.
Sheep ranching was important in the region during the days of early settlement by non-natives. It continues in the 21st century and has been joined by wheat farming and cattle ranching as significant uses of the land.
Demographics
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 329 people, 132 households, and 90 families residing in the city. The population density was . There were 154 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 86.6% White, 0.9% Native American, 0.6% Asian, 8.2% from other races, and 3.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 11.9% of the population.
There were 132 households, of which 34.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.4% were married couples living together, 3.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.8% had a male householder with no wife present, and 31.8% were non-families. 24.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.49 and the average family size was 3.03.
The median age in the city was 42.3 years. 24.6% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 19.4% were from 25 to 44; 32.5% were from 45 to 64; and 14.6% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 52.0% male and 48.0% female.
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 321 people, 127 households, and 86 families residing in the city. The population density was 551.8 people per square mile (213.7/km2). There were 142 housing units at an average density of 244.1 per square mile (94.5/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 97.82% White, and 2.18% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.12% of the population.
There were 127 households, out of which 32.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.1% were married couples living together, 6.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.5% were non-families. 29.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.53 and the average family size was 3.09.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 28.3% under the age of 18, 5.6% from 18 to 24, 29.6% from 25 to 44, 20.6% from 45 to 64, and 15.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 112.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 111.0 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $37,500, and the median income for a family was $43,750. Males had a median income of $32,143 versus $21,250 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,531. About 5.8% of families and 6.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.3% of those under age 18 and 9.7% of those age 65 or over.
Economy and education
Ione Community Charter School, serving about 200 students in grades kindergarten through 12, is in Ione. Formerly part of the Morrow County School District, the school is in the Ione School District, with headquarters in Ione.
As of 2002, the top employers for Ione were the Ione Community School and—all in Heppner—the Columbia Basin Electric Co-op, Miller & Sons Welding, and the Heppner Gazette-Times (a weekly newspaper).
References
External links
Entry for Ione in the Oregon Blue Book
Cities in Oregon
Cities in Morrow County, Oregon
Pendleton–Hermiston Micropolitan Statistical Area
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] |
130916
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irrigon%2C%20Oregon
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Irrigon, Oregon
|
Irrigon is a city in Morrow County, Oregon, United States, on the Columbia River and U.S. Route 730. The city is part of the Pendleton–Hermiston Micropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 1,826 at the 2010 census.
Irrigon was incorporated on February 28, 1957. The Umatilla Chemical Depot and the Umatilla Chemical Agent Disposal Facility are about south of the city near the intersection of Interstate 84 (I-84) and Interstate 82 (I-82). The Irrigon Hatchery is along the Columbia River about west of Irrigon.
History
Irrigon is near the site of a former Columbia River landing called Grande Ronde Landing that vied with Umatilla Landing (Umatilla), upriver, for water-transportation business. Umatilla Landing prospered, and Grande Ronde Landing did not; the latter was eventually renamed Stokes. In 1903, a newspaper editor, Addison Bennett, renamed the community Irrigon, a portmanteau assembled from Irrigation and Oregon. Bennett, who saw irrigation as important to business in the city, published its first newspaper, the Oregon Irrigator, later renamed the Irrigon Irrigator.
Stokes, the site of a railway station by that name, had a post office that operated from 1876 through 1899; Douglas W. Bailey served as postmaster. An Irrigon post office was established in 1903; Frank B. Holbrook was the first postmaster.
Economy and education
Irrigon is an agriculture- and food processing-based community. The largest employer is Western Alfalfa, a company that makes prepared livestock feeds.
Irrigon Junior/Senior High School, Irrigon Elementary School, A.C. Houghton Elementary School, and the Morrow Education Center, an alternative school, are in Irrigon. They are part of the Morrow County School District, which has its headquarters in Lexington.
In June 2014, the city made the news when it announced that it would pay a bounty of one dollar for each large trash bag of puncturevine, an invasive plant.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which, is land and is water.
Climate
According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Irrigon has a semi-arid climate, abbreviated "BSk" on climate maps.
Demographics
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 1,826 people, 602 households, and 463 families residing in the city. The population density was . There were 640 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 76.2% White, 0.4% African American, 1.4% Native American, 0.6% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 18.5% from other races, and 2.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 32.0% of the population.
There were 602 households, of which 44.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.0% were married couples living together, 11.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 7.8% had a male householder with no wife present, and 23.1% were non-families. 17.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.03 and the average family size was 3.43.
The median age in the city was 33.3 years. 31.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.6% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 26.3% were from 25 to 44; 23.2% were from 45 to 64; and 11.2% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.2% male and 50.8% female.
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,702 people, 565 households, and 441 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,376.5 people per square mile (530.0/km2). There were 609 housing units at an average density of 492.5 per square mile (189.6/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 72.91% White, 0.18% African American, 1.12% Native American, 0.41% Asian, 22.91% from other races, and 2.47% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 27.26% of the population.
There were 565 households, out of which 40.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.0% were married couples living together, 12.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.8% were non-families. 16.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.01 and the average family size was 3.33.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 32.5% under the age of 18, 10.0% from 18 to 24, 27.1% from 25 to 44, 21.0% from 45 to 64, and 9.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.1 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $35,799, and the median income for a family was $35,573. Males had a median income of $29,435 versus $21,953 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,600. About 12.9% of families and 13.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 21.1% of those under age 18 and 5.9% of those age 65 or over.
References
External links
Entry for Irrigon in the Oregon Blue Book
Irrigon profile from the State of Oregon Infrastructure Finance Authority
1957 establishments in Oregon
Cities in Oregon
Pendleton–Hermiston Micropolitan Statistical Area
Cities in Morrow County, Oregon
Oregon populated places on the Columbia River
Populated places established in 1957
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130917
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lexington%2C%20Oregon
|
Lexington, Oregon
|
Lexington is a city in Morrow County, Oregon, United States. The population was 238 at the 2010 census. It is part of the –Hermiston Micropolitan Statistical Area.
History
Lexington was named by early settler William Penland for his hometown of Lexington, Kentucky. Lexington post office was established in 1885.
In 1886, shortly after Morrow County was created, Lexington lost by 33 votes to Heppner in an election to determine the county seat. The city was incorporated in 1903, and had a population of 185 at the 1910 census.
Sheep ranching was important in the region during the days of early settlement by non-natives. It continues in the 21st century and has been joined by wheat farming and cattle ranching as significant uses of the land.
Geography
Lexington is at an elevation of between the Columbia River to the north and the Blue Mountains to the southeast. The city is along Oregon Route 74, about northwest of Heppner. Lexington is about southwest of Hermiston and east of Portland.
Willow Creek flows through Lexington, which is downstream of Heppner and upstream of Ione and Arlington. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , all of it land.
Route 74 forms part of the Blue Mountain Scenic Byway, a set of roads connecting Interstate 84 (I-84) along the Columbia River with the North Fork John Day River in the Blue Mountains. Part of the route follows the Willow Creek drainage through Lexington.
Economy and education
As of 2002, Lexington's largest employers were the Morrow County Grain Growers (farms), the Columbia Basin Electric Co-op in Heppner, a metal fabrication company in Heppner, and a small company in Lexington that repaired farm equipment.
The headquarters of the Morrow County School District is in Lexington. The nearest public schools in this district are in Heppner.
Demographics
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 238 people, 94 households, and 70 families residing in the town. The population density was . There were 101 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the town was 92.4% White, 0.4% Asian, 1.7% from other races, and 5.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.3% of the population.
There were 94 households, of which 28.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.6% were married couples living together, 9.6% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 25.5% were non-families. 17% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.53 and the average family size was 2.86.
The median age in the town was 43 years. There were 24.4% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 19.4% were from 25 to 44; 31.9% were from 45 to 64; and 17.6% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 55% male and 45% female.
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 263 people, 102 households, and 72 families residing in the city. The population density was 637.9 people per square mile (247.7/km). There were 111 housing units at an average density of 269.2 per square mile (104.5/km). The racial makeup of the city was 96.96% White, 1.14% Native American, 0.76% Asian, 0.38% from other races, and 0.76% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.38% of the population.
There were 102 households, out of which 29.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.7% were married couples living together, 4.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.4% were non-families. 20.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.58 and the average family size was 3.03.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 24.3% under the age of 18, 6.8% from 18 to 24, 28.1% from 25 to 44, 24.7% from 45 to 64, and 16.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 107.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 103.1 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $43,125, and the median income for a family was $50,625. Males had a median income of $37,969 versus $24,688 for females. The per capita income for the city was $23,152. About 6.7% of families and 12.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.6% of those under the age of 18 and 7.1% of those 65 or older.
Transportation
Lexington Airport, which is open to the public, is about one mile north of the city. Operations involve an average of about 85 aircraft a week, mostly local. Seasonally, many flights are related to agriculture.
See also
List of cities and unincorporated communities in Oregon
References
External links
Entry for Lexington in the Oregon Blue Book
Lexington history from the illustrated histories of Umatilla and Morrow counties, 1902
Cities in Morrow County, Oregon
Cities in Oregon
Pendleton–Hermiston Micropolitan Statistical Area
1885 establishments in Oregon
Populated places established in 1885
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leadership
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Leadership
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Leadership, both as a research area and as a practical skill, encompasses the ability of an individual, group or organization to "lead", influence or guide other individuals, teams, or entire organizations. The word "leadership" often gets viewed as a contested term. Specialist literature debates various viewpoints on the concept, sometimes contrasting Eastern and Western approaches to leadership, and also (within the West) North American versus European approaches.
U.S. academic environments define leadership as "a process of social influence in which a person can enlist the aid and support of others in the accomplishment of a common and ethical task". Basically, leadership can be defined as an influential power-relationship in which the power of one party (the "leader") promotes movement/change in others (the "followers"). Some have challenged the more traditional managerial views of leadership (which portray leadership as something possessed or owned by one individual due to their role or authority), and instead advocate the complex nature of leadership which is found at all levels of institutions, both within formal and informal roles.
Studies of leadership have produced theories involving (for example) traits, situational interaction, function, behavior, power, vision
and values, charisma, and intelligence, among others.
Historical views
In the field of political leadership, the Chinese doctrine of the Mandate of Heaven postulated the need for rulers to govern justly and the right of subordinates to overthrow emperors who appeared to lack divine sanction.
Pro-aristocracy thinkers
have postulated that leadership depends on one's "blue blood" or genes.
Monarchy takes an extreme view of the same idea, and may prop up its assertions against the claims of mere aristocrats by invoking divine sanction (see the divine right of kings). On the other hand, more democratically inclined theorists have pointed to examples of meritocratic leaders, such as the Napoleonic marshals profiting from careers open to talent.
In the autocratic/paternalistic strain of thought, traditionalists recall the role of leadership of the Roman pater familias. Feminist thinking, on the other hand, may object to such models as patriarchal and posit against them "emotionally attuned, responsive, and consensual empathetic guidance, which is sometimes associated with matriarchies".
"Comparable to the Roman tradition, the views of Confucianism on 'right living' relate very much to the ideal of the (male) scholar-leader and his benevolent rule, buttressed by a tradition of filial piety."
Leadership is a matter of intelligence, trustworthiness, humaneness, courage, and discipline ... Reliance on intelligence alone results in rebelliousness. Exercise of humaneness alone results in weakness. Fixation on trust results in folly. Dependence on the strength of courage results in violence. Excessive discipline and sternness in command result in cruelty. When one has all five virtues together, each appropriate to its function, then one can be a leader. — Jia Lin, in commentary on Sun Tzu, Art of War
Machiavelli's The Prince, written in the early-16th century, provided a manual for rulers ("princes" or "tyrants" in Machiavelli's terminology) to gain and keep power.
Prior to the 19th century, the concept of leadership had less relevance than today — society expected and obtained traditional deference and obedience to lords, kings, master-craftsmen and slave-masters. (Note that the Oxford English Dictionary traces the word "leadership" in English only as far back as 1821.)
Historically, industrialization, opposition to the ancien regime and the phasing out of chattel slavery meant that some newly developing organizations (nation-state republics, commercial corporations) evolved a need for a new paradigm with which to characterize elected politicians and job-granting employers - thus the development and theorizing of the idea of "leadership".
The functional relationship between leaders and followers may remain,
but acceptable (perhaps euphemistic) terminology has changed.
From the 19th century too, the elaboration of anarchist thought called the whole concept of leadership into question. One response to this denial of élitism came with Leninism - Lenin (1870-1924) demanded an élite group of disciplined cadres to act as the vanguard of a socialist revolution, bringing into existence the dictatorship of the proletariat.
Other historical views of leadership have addressed the seeming contrasts between secular and religious leadership. The doctrines of Caesaro-papism have recurred and had their detractors over several centuries. Christian thinking on leadership has often emphasized stewardship of divinely-provided resources—human and material—and their deployment in accordance with a Divine plan. Compare servant leadership.
For a more general view on leadership in politics, compare the concept of the statesperson.
Theories
Early western history
The search for the characteristics or traits of leaders has continued for centuries. Philosophical writings from Plato's Republic to Plutarch's Lives have explored the question "What qualities distinguish an individual as a leader?" Underlying this search was the early recognition of the importance of leadership and the assumption that leadership is rooted in the characteristics that certain individuals possess. This idea that leadership is based on individual attributes is known as the "trait theory of leadership".
A number of works in the 19th century – when the traditional authority of monarchs, lords and bishops had begun to wane – explored the trait theory at length: note especially the writings of Thomas Carlyle and of Francis Galton, whose works have prompted decades of research. In Heroes and Hero Worship (1841), Carlyle identified the talents, skills, and physical characteristics of men who rose to power. Galton's Hereditary Genius (1869) examined leadership qualities in the families of powerful men. After showing that the numbers of eminent relatives dropped off when his focus moved from first-degree to second-degree relatives, Galton concluded that leadership was inherited. In other words, leaders were born, not developed. Both of these notable works lent great initial support for the notion that leadership is rooted in characteristics of a leader.
Cecil Rhodes (1853–1902) believed that public-spirited leadership could be nurtured by identifying young people with "moral force of character and instincts to lead", and educating them in contexts (such as the collegiate environment of the University of Oxford) which further developed such characteristics. International networks of such leaders could help to promote international understanding and help "render war impossible". This vision of leadership underlay the creation of the Rhodes Scholarships, which have helped to shape notions of leadership since their creation in 1903.
Rise of alternative theories
In the late 1940s and early 1950s, a series of qualitative reviews of these studies (e.g., Bird, 1940; Stogdill, 1948; Mann, 1959) prompted researchers to take a drastically different view of the driving forces behind leadership. In reviewing the extant literature, Stogdill and Mann found that while some traits were common across a number of studies, the overall evidence suggested that people who are leaders in one situation may not necessarily be leaders in other situations. Subsequently, leadership was no longer characterized as an enduring individual trait, as situational approaches (see alternative leadership theories below) posited that individuals can be effective in certain situations, but not others. The focus then shifted away from traits of leaders to an investigation of the leader behaviors that were effective. This approach dominated much of the leadership theory and research for the next few decades.
Reemergence of trait theory
New methods and measurements were developed after these influential reviews that would ultimately reestablish trait theory as a viable approach to the study of leadership. For example, improvements in researchers' use of the round robin research design methodology allowed researchers to see that individuals can and do emerge as leaders across a variety of situations and tasks. Additionally, during the 1980s statistical advances allowed researchers to conduct meta-analyses, in which they could quantitatively analyze and summarize the findings from a wide array of studies. This advent allowed trait theorists to create a comprehensive picture of previous leadership research rather than rely on the qualitative reviews of the past. Equipped with new methods, leadership researchers revealed the following:
Individuals can and do emerge as leaders across a variety of situations and tasks.
Significant relationships exist between leadership emergence and such individual traits as:
Intelligence
Adjustment
Extraversion
Conscientiousness
Openness to experience
General self-efficacy
While the trait theory of leadership has certainly regained popularity, its reemergence has not been accompanied by a corresponding increase in sophisticated conceptual frameworks.
Specifically, Zaccaro (2007) noted that trait theories still:
Focus on a small set of individual attributes such as the "Big Five" personality traits, to the neglect of cognitive abilities, motives, values, social skills, expertise, and problem-solving skills.
Fail to consider patterns or integrations of multiple attributes.
Do not distinguish between the leadership attributes that are generally not malleable over time and those that are shaped by, and bound to, situational influences.
Do not consider how stable leader attributes account for the behavioral diversity necessary for effective leadership.
Attribute pattern approach
Considering the criticisms of the trait theory outlined above, several researchers have begun to adopt a different perspective of leader individual differences—the leader attribute pattern approach. In contrast to the traditional approach, the leader attribute pattern approach is based on theorists' arguments that the influence of individual characteristics on outcomes is best understood by considering the person as an integrated totality rather than a summation of individual variables. In other words, the leader attribute pattern approach argues that integrated constellations or combinations of individual differences may explain substantial variance in both leader emergence and leader effectiveness beyond that explained by single attributes, or by additive combinations of multiple attributes.
Behavioral and style theories
In response to the early criticisms of the trait approach, theorists began to research leadership as a set of behaviors, evaluating the behavior of successful leaders, determining a behavior taxonomy, and identifying broad leadership styles. David McClelland, for example, posited that leadership takes a strong personality with a well-developed positive ego. To lead, self-confidence and high self-esteem are useful, perhaps even essential.
Kurt Lewin, Ronald Lipitt, and Ralph White developed in 1939 the seminal work on the influence of leadership styles and performance. The researchers evaluated the performance of groups of eleven-year-old boys under different types of work climate. In each, the leader exercised his influence regarding the type of group decision making, praise and criticism (feedback), and the management of the group tasks (project management) according to three styles: authoritarian, democratic, and laissez-faire.
In 1945, Ohio State University conducted a study which investigated observable behaviors portrayed by effective leaders. They would then identify if these particular behaviors are reflective of leadership effectiveness. They were able to narrow their findings to two identifiable distinctions The first dimension was identified as "initiating structure", which described how a leader clearly and accurately communicates with the followers, defines goals, and determines how tasks are performed. These are considered "task oriented" behaviors. The second dimension is "consideration", which indicates the leader's ability to build an interpersonal relationship with their followers, to establish a form of mutual trust. These are considered "social oriented" behaviors.
The Michigan State Studies, which were conducted in the 1950s, made further investigations and findings that positively correlated behaviors and leadership effectiveness. Although they had similar findings as the Ohio State studies, they also contributed an additional behavior identified in leaders: participative behavior (also called "servant leadership"), or allowing the followers to participate in group decision making and encouraged subordinate input. This entails avoiding controlling types of leadership and allows more personal interactions between leaders and their subordinates.
The managerial grid model is also based on a behavioral theory. The model was developed by Robert Blake and Jane Mouton in 1964 and suggests five different leadership styles, based on the leaders' concern for people and their concern for goal achievement.
Positive reinforcement
B. F. Skinner is the father of behavior modification and developed the concept of positive reinforcement. Positive reinforcement occurs when a positive stimulus is presented in response to a behavior, increasing the likelihood of that behavior in the future. The following is an example of how positive reinforcement can be used in a business setting. Assume praise is a positive reinforcer for a particular employee. This employee does not show up to work on time every day. The manager decides to praise the employee for showing up on time every day the employee actually shows up to work on time. As a result, the employee comes to work on time more often because the employee likes to be praised. In this example, praise (the stimulus) is a positive reinforcer for this employee because the employee arrives at work on time (the behavior) more frequently after being praised for showing up to work on time. Positive reinforcement coined by Skinner enables a behavior to be repeated in a positive manner, and on the other hand a negative reinforcer is repeated in a way that is not as plausible as the positive.
The use of positive reinforcement is a successful and growing technique used by leaders to motivate and attain desired behaviors from subordinates. Organizations such as Frito-Lay, 3M, Goodrich, Michigan Bell, and Emery Air Freight have all used reinforcement to increase productivity. Empirical research covering the last 20 years suggests that reinforcement theory has a 17 percent increase in performance. Additionally, many reinforcement techniques such as the use of praise are inexpensive, providing higher performance for lower costs.
Situational and contingency theories
Situational theory also appeared as a reaction to the trait theory of leadership. Social scientists argued that history was more than the result of intervention of great men as Carlyle suggested. Herbert Spencer (1884) (and Karl Marx) said that the times produce the person and not the other way around. This theory assumes that different situations call for different characteristics; according to this group of theories, no single optimal psychographic profile of a leader exists. According to the theory, "what an individual actually does when acting as a leader is in large part dependent upon characteristics of the situation in which he functions."
Some theorists started to synthesize the trait and situational approaches. Building upon the research of Lewin et al., academics began to normalize the descriptive models of leadership climates, defining three leadership styles and identifying which situations each style works better in. The authoritarian leadership style, for example, is approved in periods of crisis but fails to win the "hearts and minds" of followers in day-to-day management; the democratic leadership style is more adequate in situations that require consensus building; finally, the laissez-faire leadership style is appreciated for the degree of freedom it provides, but as the leaders do not "take charge", they can be perceived as a failure in protracted or thorny organizational problems. Thus, theorists defined the style of leadership as contingent to the situation, which is sometimes classified as contingency theory. Three contingency leadership theories appear more prominently in recent years: Fiedler contingency model, Vroom-Yetton decision model, and the path-goal theory.
The Fiedler contingency model bases the leader's effectiveness on what Fred Fiedler called situational contingency. This results from the interaction of leadership style and situational favorability (later called situational control). The theory defined two types of leader: those who tend to accomplish the task by developing good relationships with the group (relationship-oriented), and those who have as their prime concern carrying out the task itself (task-oriented). According to Fiedler, there is no ideal leader. Both task-oriented and relationship-oriented leaders can be effective if their leadership orientation fits the situation. When there is a good leader-member relation, a highly structured task, and high leader position power, the situation is considered a "favorable situation". Fiedler found that task-oriented leaders are more effective in extremely favorable or unfavorable situations, whereas relationship-oriented leaders perform best in situations with intermediate favorability.
Victor Vroom, in collaboration with Phillip Yetton (1973) and later with Arthur Jago (1988), developed a taxonomy for describing leadership situations, which was used in a normative decision model where leadership styles were connected to situational variables, defining which approach was more suitable to which situation. This approach was novel because it supported the idea that the same manager could rely on different group decision making approaches depending on the attributes of each situation. This model was later referred to as situational contingency theory.
The path-goal theory of leadership was developed by Robert House (1971) and was based on the expectancy theory of Victor Vroom. According to House, the essence of the theory is "the meta proposition that leaders, to be effective, engage in behaviors that complement subordinates' environments and abilities in a manner that compensates for deficiencies and is instrumental to subordinate satisfaction and individual and work unit performance". The theory identifies four leader behaviors, achievement-oriented, directive, participative, and supportive, that are contingent to the environment factors and follower characteristics. In contrast to the Fiedler contingency model, the path-goal model states that the four leadership behaviors are fluid, and that leaders can adopt any of the four depending on what the situation demands. The path-goal model can be classified both as a contingency theory, as it depends on the circumstances, and as a transactional leadership theory, as the theory emphasizes the reciprocity behavior between the leader and the followers.
Functional theory
Functional leadership theory (Hackman & Walton, 1986; McGrath, 1962; Adair, 1988; Kouzes & Posner, 1995) is a particularly useful theory for addressing specific leader behaviors expected to contribute to organizational or unit effectiveness. This theory argues that the leader's main job is to see that whatever is necessary to group needs is taken care of; thus, a leader can be said to have done their job well when they have contributed to group effectiveness and cohesion (Fleishman et al., 1991; Hackman & Wageman, 2005; Hackman & Walton, 1986). While functional leadership theory has most often been applied to team leadership (Zaccaro, Rittman, & Marks, 2001), it has also been effectively applied to broader organizational leadership as well (Zaccaro, 2001). In summarizing literature on functional leadership (see Kozlowski et al. (1996), Zaccaro et al. (2001), Hackman and Walton (1986), Hackman & Wageman (2005), morge (2005), Klein, Zeigert, Knight, and Xiao (2006) observed five broad functions a leader performs when promoting organization's effectiveness. These functions include environmental monitoring, organizing subordinate activities, teaching and coaching subordinates, motivating others, and intervening actively in the group's work.
A variety of leadership behaviors are expected to facilitate these functions. In initial work identifying leader behavior, Fleishman (1953) observed that subordinates perceived their supervisors' behavior in terms of two broad categories referred to as consideration and initiating structure. Consideration includes behavior involved in fostering effective relationships. Examples of such behavior would include showing concern for a subordinate or acting in a supportive manner towards others. Initiating structure involves the actions of the leader focused specifically on task accomplishment. This could include role clarification, setting performance standards, and holding subordinates accountable to those standards.
Integrated psychological theory
The Integrated Psychological Theory of leadership is an attempt to integrate the strengths of the older theories (i.e. traits, behavioral/styles, situational and functional) while addressing their limitations, introducing a new element – the need for leaders to develop their leadership presence, attitude toward others and behavioral flexibility by practicing psychological mastery. It also offers a foundation for leaders wanting to apply the philosophies of servant leadership and authentic leadership.
Integrated psychological theory began to attract attention after the publication of James Scouller's Three Levels of Leadership model (2011).
Scouller argued that the older theories offer only limited assistance in developing a person's ability to lead effectively.
He pointed out, for example, that:
Traits theories, which tend to reinforce the idea that leaders are born not made, might help us select leaders, but they are less useful for developing leaders.
An ideal style (e.g. Blake & Mouton's team style) would not suit all circumstances.
Most of the situational/contingency and functional theories assume that leaders can change their behavior to meet differing circumstances or widen their behavioral range at will, when in practice many find it hard to do so because of unconscious beliefs, fears or ingrained habits. Thus, he argued, leaders need to work on their inner psychology.
None of the old theories successfully address the challenge of developing "leadership presence"; that certain "something" in leaders that commands attention, inspires people, wins their trust and makes followers want to work with them.
Scouller proposed the Three Levels of Leadership model, which was later categorized as an "Integrated Psychological" theory on the Businessballs education website. In essence, his model aims to summarize what leaders have to do, not only to bring leadership to their group or organization, but also to develop themselves technically and psychologically as leaders.
The three levels in his model are public, private and personal leadership:
The first two – public and private leadership – are "outer" or behavioral levels. These are the behaviors that address what Scouller called "the four dimensions of leadership". These dimensions are: (1) a shared, motivating group purpose; (2) action, progress and results; (3) collective unity or team spirit; (4) individual selection and motivation. Public leadership focuses on the 34 behaviors involved in influencing two or more people simultaneously. Private leadership covers the 14 behaviors needed to influence individuals one to one.
The third – personal leadership – is an "inner" level and concerns a person's growth toward greater leadership presence, knowhow and skill. Working on one's personal leadership has three aspects: (1) Technical knowhow and skill (2) Developing the right attitude toward other people – which is the basis of servant leadership (3) Psychological self-mastery – the foundation for authentic leadership.
Scouller argued that self-mastery is the key to growing one's leadership presence, building trusting relationships with followers and dissolving one's limiting beliefs and habits, thereby enabling behavioral flexibility as circumstances change, while staying connected to one's core values (that is, while remaining authentic). To support leaders' development, he introduced a new model of the human psyche and outlined the principles and techniques of self-mastery, which include the practice of mindfulness meditation.
Transactional and transformational theories
Bernard Bass and colleagues developed the idea of two different types of leadership, transactional that involves exchange of labor for rewards and transformational which is based on concern for employees, intellectual stimulation, and providing a group vision.
The transactional leader (Burns, 1978) is given power to perform certain tasks and reward or punish for the team's performance. It gives the opportunity to the manager to lead the group and the group agrees to follow his lead to accomplish a predetermined goal in exchange for something else. Power is given to the leader to evaluate, correct, and train subordinates when productivity is not up to the desired level, and reward effectiveness when expected outcome is reached.
Leader–member exchange theory
Leader–member exchange (LMX) theory addresses a specific aspect of the leadership process, which evolved from an earlier theory called the vertical dyad linkage (VDL) model. Both of these models focus on the interaction between leaders and individual followers. Similar to the transactional approach, this interaction is viewed as a fair exchange whereby the leader provides certain benefits such as task guidance, advice, support, and/or significant rewards and the followers reciprocate by giving the leader respect, cooperation, commitment to the task and good performance. However, LMX recognizes that leaders and individual followers will vary in the type of exchange that develops between them. LMX theorizes that the type of exchanges between the leader and specific followers can lead to the creation of in-groups and out-groups. In-group members are said to have high-quality exchanges with the leader, while out-group members have low-quality exchanges with the leader.
In-group members
In-group members are perceived by the leader as being more experienced, competent, and willing to assume responsibility than other followers. The leader begins to rely on these individuals to help with especially challenging tasks. If the follower responds well, the leader rewards him/her with extra coaching, favorable job assignments, and developmental experiences. If the follower shows high commitment and effort followed by additional rewards, both parties develop mutual trust, influence, and support of one another. Research shows the in-group members usually receive higher performance evaluations from the leader, higher satisfaction, and faster promotions than out-group members. In-group members are also likely to build stronger bonds with their leaders by sharing the same social backgrounds and interests.
Out-group members
Out-group members often receive less time and more distant exchanges than their in-group counterparts. With out-group members, leaders expect no more than adequate job performance, good attendance, reasonable respect, and adherence to the job description in exchange for a fair wage and standard benefits. The leader spends less time with out-group members, they have fewer developmental experiences, and the leader tends to emphasize his/her formal authority to obtain compliance to leader requests. Research shows that out-group members are less satisfied with their job and organization, receive lower performance evaluations from the leader, see their leader as less fair, and are more likely to file grievances or leave the organization.
Emotions
Leadership can be perceived as a particularly emotion-laden process, with emotions entwined with the social influence process. In an organization, the leader's mood has some effects on his/her group. These effects can be described in three levels:
The mood of individual group members. Group members with leaders in a positive mood experience more positive mood than do group members with leaders in a negative mood. The leaders transmit their moods to other group members through the mechanism of emotional contagion. Mood contagion may be one of the psychological mechanisms by which charismatic leaders influence followers.
The affective tone of the group. Group affective tone represents the consistent or homogeneous affective reactions within a group. Group affective tone is an aggregate of the moods of the individual members of the group and refers to mood at the group level of analysis. Groups with leaders in a positive mood have a more positive affective tone than do groups with leaders in a negative mood.
Group processes like coordination, effort expenditure, and task strategy. Public expressions of mood impact how group members think and act. When people experience and express mood, they send signals to others. Leaders signal their goals, intentions, and attitudes through their expressions of moods. For example, expressions of positive moods by leaders signal that leaders deem progress toward goals to be good. The group members respond to those signals cognitively and behaviorally in ways that are reflected in the group processes.
In research about client service, it was found that expressions of positive mood by the leader improve the performance of the group, although in other sectors there were other findings.
Beyond the leader's mood, her/his behavior is a source for employee positive and negative emotions at work. The leader creates situations and events that lead to emotional response. Certain leader behaviors displayed during interactions with their employees are the sources of these affective events. Leaders shape workplace affective events. Examples – feedback giving, allocating tasks, resource distribution. Since employee behavior and productivity are directly affected by their emotional states, it is imperative to consider employee emotional responses to organizational leaders. Emotional intelligence, the ability to understand and manage moods and emotions in the self and others, contributes to effective leadership within organizations.
Neo-emergent theory
The neo-emergent leadership theory (from the Oxford Strategic Leadership Programme)
sees leadership as an impression formed through the communication of information by the leader or by other stakeholders,
not through the true actions of the leader himself. In other words, the reproduction of information or stories form the basis of the perception of leadership by the majority. It is well known by historians that the naval hero Lord Nelson often wrote his own versions of battles he was involved in, so that when he arrived home in England, he would receive a true hero's welcome. In modern society, the press, blogs and other sources report their own views of leaders, which may be based on reality, but may also be based on a political command, a payment, or an inherent interest of the author, media, or leader. Therefore, one can argue that the perception of all leaders is created and in fact does not reflect their true leadership qualities at all. Hence the historical function of belief in (for example) royal blood as a proxy for belief in or analysis of effective governing skills.
Constructivist analysis
Some constructivists question whether leadership exists, or suggest that (for example) leadership "is a myth equivalent to a belief in UFOs".
Leadership emergence
Many personality characteristics were found to be reliably associated with leadership emergence. The list includes, but is not limited to (following list organized in alphabetical order): assertiveness, authenticity, Big Five personality factors, birth order, character strengths, dominance, emotional intelligence, gender identity, intelligence, narcissism, self-efficacy for leadership, self-monitoring and social motivation.
Other areas of study in relation to how and why leaders emerge include narcissistic traits, absentee leaders, and participation. While there are many personality traits that be considered in determining why a leader emerges it is important to not look at these in isolation. Today’s sophisticated research methods look at personality characteristics in combination to determine patterns of leadership emergence.
Leadership emergence is the idea that people born with specific characteristics become leaders, and those without these characteristics do not become leaders. People like Mahatma Gandhi, Abraham Lincoln, and Nelson Mandela all share traits that an average person does not. This includes people who choose to participate in leadership roles, as opposed to those who do not. Research indicates that up to 30% of leader emergence has a genetic basis.
There is no current research indicating that there is a “leadership gene”, instead we inherit certain traits that might influence our decision to seek leadership. Both anecdotal, and empirical evidence support a stable relationship between specific traits and leadership behavior. Using a large international sample researchers found that there are three factors that motivate leaders; affective identity (enjoyment of leading), non-calculative (leading earns reinforcement), and social-normative (sense of obligation).
Assertiveness
The relationship between assertiveness and leadership emergence is curvilinear; individuals who are either low in assertiveness or very high in assertiveness are less likely to be identified as leaders.
Authenticity
Individuals who are more aware of their personality qualities, including their values and beliefs, and are less biased when processing self-relevant information, are more likely to be accepted as leaders. See authentic leadership.
Big Five personality factors
Those who emerge as leaders tend to be more (order in strength of relationship with leadership emergence): extroverted, conscientious, emotionally stable, and open to experience, although these tendencies are stronger in laboratory studies of leaderless groups. However, introversion – extroversion appears to be the most influential quality in leadership emergence, specifically leaders tend to be high in extroversion. Introversion - extroversion is also the quality that can be judged most easily of the Big Five Traits. Agreeableness, the last factor of the Big Five personality traits, does not seem to play any meaningful role in leadership emergence.
Birth order
Those born first in their families and only children are hypothesized to be more driven to seek leadership and control in social settings. Middle-born children tend to accept follower roles in groups, and later-borns are thought to be rebellious and creative.
Character strengths
Those seeking leadership positions in a military organization had elevated scores on a number of indicators of strength of character, including honesty, hope, bravery, industry, and teamwork.
Dominance
Individuals with dominant personalities – they describe themselves as high in the desire to control their environment and influence other people, and are likely to express their opinions in a forceful way – are more likely to act as leaders in small-group situations.
Emotional intelligence
Individuals with high emotional intelligence have increased ability to understand and relate to people. They have skills in communicating and decoding emotions and they deal with others wisely and effectively. Such people communicate their ideas in more robust ways, are better able to read the politics of a situation, are less likely to lose control of their emotions, are less likely to be inappropriately angry or critical, and in consequence are more likely to emerge as leaders.
Intelligence
Individuals with higher intelligence exhibit superior judgement, higher verbal skills (both written and oral), quicker learning and acquisition of knowledge, and are more likely to emerge as leaders. Correlation between IQ and leadership emergence was found to be between .25 and .30. However, groups generally prefer leaders that do not exceed intelligence prowess of average member by a wide margin, as they fear that high intelligence may be translated to differences in communication, trust, interests and values
Self-efficacy for leadership
Confidence in one's ability to lead is associated with increases in willingness to accept a leadership role and success in that role.
Self-monitoring
High self-monitors are more likely to emerge as the leader of a group than are low self-monitors, since they are more concerned with status-enhancement and are more likely to adapt their actions to fit the demands of the situation
Social motivation
Individuals who are both success-oriented and affiliation-oriented, as assessed by projective measures, are more active in group problem-solving settings and are more likely to be elected to positions of leadership in such groups
Narcissism, hubris and other negative traits
A number of negative traits of leadership have also been studied. Individuals who take on leadership roles in turbulent situations, such as groups facing a threat or ones in which status is determined by intense competition among rivals within the group, tend to be narcissistic: arrogant, self-absorbed, hostile, and very self-confident.
Absentee leader
Existing research has shown that absentee leaders - those who rise into power, but not necessarily because of their skills, and are marginally engaging with their role - are actually worse than destructive leader, because it takes longer to pinpoint their mistakes.
Willingness to Participate
A willingness to participate in a group can indicate a person’s interest as well as their willingness to take responsibility for how the group performs. Those who do not say much during a group meeting are less likely to emerge as a leader than those who speak up. There is however some debate over whether the quality of participation in a group matters more than the quantity.
A hypothesis termed, the ‘babble effect’ or the ‘babble hypotheses’ has been studied as a factor in the emergence of leaders. It is believed that leader emergence is highly correlated with the quantity of speaking time, specifically those who provide a large quantity are more likely to become a leader in a group setting. It is also believed that the quantity of participation is more important that the quality of these contributions when it comes to leader emergence.
Research has shown the largest contributor to discussion in a group is more likely to become the leader. However, some studies indicate that there must be some element of quality combined with quantity to support leader emergence. Thus, while sheer quantity does matter to leadership, when the contributions made are also of high-quality leader emergence is further facilitated.
Leadership styles
A leadership style is a leader's style of providing direction, implementing plans, and motivating people. It is the result of the philosophy, personality, and experience of the leader. Rhetoric specialists have also developed models for understanding leadership (Robert Hariman, Political Style, Philippe-Joseph Salazar, L'Hyperpolitique. Technologies politiques De La Domination).
Different situations call for different leadership styles. In an emergency when there is little time to converge on an agreement and where a designated authority has significantly more experience or expertise than the rest of the team, an autocratic leadership style may be most effective; however, in a highly motivated and aligned team with a homogeneous level of expertise, a more democratic or laissez-faire style may be more effective. The style adopted should be the one that most effectively achieves the objectives of the group while balancing the interests of its individual members.
A field in which leadership style has gained strong attention is that of military science, recently expressing a holistic and integrated view of leadership, including how a leader's physical presence determines how others perceive that leader. The factors of physical presence are military bearing, physical fitness, confidence, and resilience. The leader's intellectual capacity helps to conceptualize solutions and acquire knowledge to do the job. A leader's conceptual abilities apply agility, judgment, innovation, interpersonal tact, and domain knowledge. Domain knowledge for leaders encompasses tactical and technical knowledge as well as cultural and geopolitical awareness.
Autocratic or authoritarian
Under the autocratic leadership style, all decision-making powers are centralized in the leader, as with dictators.
Autocratic leaders do not ask or entertain any suggestions or initiatives from subordinates. The autocratic management has been successful as it provides strong motivation to the manager. It permits quick decision-making, as only one person decides for the whole group and keeps each decision to him/herself until he/she feels it needs to be shared with the rest of the group.
Participative or democratic
The democratic leadership style consists of the leader sharing the decision-making abilities with group members by promoting the interests of the group members and by practicing social equality. This has also been called shared leadership.
Laissez-faire or free-rein leadership
In laissez-faire or free-rein leadership, decision-making is passed on to the subordinates. This style of leadership is known as "laissez faire" which means no interference in the affairs of others. (The phrase laissez-faire is French and literally means "let them do"). Subordinates are given the complete right and power to make decisions to establish goals and work out the problems or hurdles.
The followers are given a high degree of independence and freedom to formulate their own objectives and ways to achieve them.
Task-oriented and relationship-oriented
Task-oriented leadership is a style in which the leader is focused on the tasks that need to be performed in order to meet a certain production goal. Task-oriented leaders are generally more concerned with producing a step-by-step solution for given problem or goal, strictly making sure these deadlines are met, results and reaching target outcomes.
Relationship-oriented leadership is a contrasting style in which the leader is more focused on the relationships amongst the group and is generally more concerned with the overall well-being and satisfaction of group members. Relationship-oriented leaders emphasize communication within the group, show trust and confidence in group members, and show appreciation for work done.
Task-oriented leaders are typically less concerned with the idea of catering to group members, and more concerned with acquiring a certain solution to meet a production goal. For this reason, they typically are able to make sure that deadlines are met, yet their group members' well-being may suffer. These leaders have absolute focus on the goal and the tasks cut out for each member. Relationship-oriented leaders are focused on developing the team and the relationships in it. The positives to having this kind of environment are that team members are more motivated and have support. However, the emphasis on relations as opposed to getting a job done might make productivity suffer
Paternalism
Paternalism leadership styles often reflect a father-figure mindset. The structure of team is organized hierarchically where the leader is viewed above the followers. The leader also provides both professional and personal direction in the lives of the members. There is often a limitation on the choices that the members can choose from due to the heavy direction given by the leader.
The term paternalism is from the Latin pater meaning "father". The leader is most often a male. This leadership style is often found in Russia, Africa, and Pacific Asian Societies.
Servant leadership
With the transformation into a knowledge society, the concept of servant leadership has become more popular, notably through modern technology management styles such as Agile. In this style, the leadership is externalized from the leader who serves as a guardian of the methodology and a "servant" or service provider to the team they lead. The cohesion and common direction of the team is dictated by a common culture, common goals and sometimes a specific methodology. This style is different from the laissez-faire in that the leader constantly works towards reaching the common goals as a team, but without giving explicit directions on tasks.
Leadership differences affected by gender
Another factor that covaries with leadership style is whether the person is male or female. When men and women come together in groups, they tend to adopt different leadership styles. Men generally assume an agentic leadership style. They are task-oriented, active, decision focused, independent and goal oriented. Women, on the other hand, are generally more communal when they assume a leadership position; they strive to be helpful towards others, warm in relation to others, understanding, and mindful of others' feelings. In general, when women are asked to describe themselves to others in newly formed groups, they emphasize their open, fair, responsible, and pleasant communal qualities. They give advice, offer assurances, and manage conflicts in an attempt to maintain positive relationships among group members. Women connect more positively to group members by smiling, maintaining eye contact and respond tactfully to others' comments. Men, conversely, describe themselves as influential, powerful and proficient at the task that needs to be done. They tend to place more focus on initiating structure within the group, setting standards and objectives, identifying roles, defining responsibilities and standard operating procedures, proposing solutions to problems, monitoring compliance with procedures, and finally, emphasizing the need for productivity and efficiency in the work that needs to be done. As leaders, men are primarily task-oriented, but women tend to be both task- and relationship-oriented. However, it is important to note that these sex differences are only tendencies, and do not manifest themselves within men and women across all groups and situations. Meta-analyses show that people associate masculinity and agency more strongly with leadership than femininity and communion. Such stereotypes may have an effect on leadership evaluations of men and women.
In times of crisis, women tend to lead better than men due to a show of empathy and confidence during briefings and other forms of communication. This has been critical during the COVID-19 pandemic as female governed states showed fewer deaths than male led states.
Barriers for non-western female leaders
Many reasons can contribute to the barriers that specifically affect women's entrance into leadership. These barriers also change according to different cultures. Despite the increasing number of female leaders in the world, only a small fraction come from non-westernized cultures. It is important to note that although the barriers listed below may be more severe in non-western culture, it does not imply that westernized cultures do not have these barriers as well. This aims to compare the differences between the two.
Research and Literature
Although there have been many studies done on leadership for women in the past decade, very little research has been done for women in paternalistic cultures. The literature and research done for women to emerge into a society that prefers males is lacking. This ultimately hinders women from knowing how to reach their individual leadership goals, and fails to educate the male counterparts in this disparity.
Maternity Leave
Studies have shown the importance of longer paid maternity leave and the positive effects it has on a female employee's mental health and return to work. In Sweden, it was shown that the increased flexibility in timing for mothers to return to work decreased the odds of poor mental health reports. In non-western cultures that mostly follow paternalism, lack of knowledge on the benefits of maternity leave impacts the support given to the women during an important time in their life.
Society and Laws
Certain countries that follow paternalism, such as India, still allow for women to be treated unjustly. Issues such as child marriage and minor punishments for perpetrators in crimes against women shape society's view on how women should be treated. This can prevent women from feeling comfortable speaking out in personal and professional settings.
Glass Ceilings and Glass Cliffs
Women who work in a very paternalistic culture or industry (e.g. the oil or engineering industry), often deal with limitations in their career that prevent them from moving up any further. This association is often due to the mentality that only males carry leadership characteristics. The term glass cliff refers to undesired projects that are often given to women because they have an increase in risk of failure. These undesired projects are given to female employees where they are more likely to fail and leave the organization.
Performance
In the past, some researchers have argued that the actual influence of leaders on organizational outcomes is overrated and romanticized as a result of biased attributions about leaders (Meindl & Ehrlich, 1987). Despite these assertions, however, it is largely recognized and accepted by practitioners and researchers that leadership is important, and research supports the notion that leaders do contribute to key organizational outcomes
To facilitate successful performance it is important to understand and accurately measure leadership performance.
Job performance generally refers to behavior that is expected to contribute to organizational success (Campbell, 1990). Campbell identified a number of specific types of performance dimensions; leadership was one of the dimensions that he identified. There is no consistent, overall definition of leadership performance (Yukl, 2006). Many distinct conceptualizations are often lumped together under the umbrella of leadership performance, including outcomes such as leader effectiveness, leader advancement, and leader emergence (Kaiser et al., 2008). For instance, "leadership performance" may refer to the career success of the individual leader, performance of the group or organization, or even leader emergence. Each of these measures can be considered conceptually distinct. While these aspects may be related, they are different outcomes and their inclusion should depend on the applied or research focus.
"Another way to conceptualize leader performance is to focus on the outcomes of the leader's followers, group, team, unit, or organization. In evaluating this type of leader performance, two general strategies are typically used. The first relies on subjective perceptions of the leader's performance from subordinates, superiors, or occasionally peers or other parties. The other type of effectiveness measures are more objective indicators of follower or unit performance, such as measures of productivity, goal attainment, sales figures, or unit financial performance (Bass & Riggio, 2006, p. 47)."
A toxic leader is someone who has responsibility over a group of people or an organization, and who abuses the leader–follower relationship by leaving the group or organization in a worse-off condition than when he/she joined it.
Measuring leadership
Measuring leadership has proven difficult and complex - even impossible.
Attempts to assess leadership performance via group performance bring in multifarious different factors. Different perceptions of leadership itself may lead to differing measuring methods.
Nevertheless, leadership theoreticians have proven perversely reluctant to abandon the vague subjective qualitative popular concept of "leaders".
Traits
Most theories in the 20th century argued that great leaders were born, not made. Current studies have indicated that leadership is much more complex and cannot be boiled down to a few key traits of an individual. Years of observation and study have indicated that one such trait or a set of traits does not make an extraordinary leader. What scholars have been able to arrive at is that leadership traits of an individual do not change from situation to situation; such traits include intelligence, assertiveness, or physical attractiveness. However, each key trait may be applied to situations differently, depending on the circumstances. The following summarizes the main leadership traits found in research by Jon P. Howell, business professor at New Mexico State University and author of the book Snapshots of Great Leadership.
Determination and drive include traits such as initiative, energy, assertiveness, perseverance and sometimes dominance. People with these traits often tend to wholeheartedly pursue their goals, work long hours, are ambitious, and often are very competitive with others. Cognitive capacity includes intelligence, analytical and verbal ability, behavioral flexibility, and good judgment. Individuals with these traits are able to formulate solutions to difficult problems, work well under stress or deadlines, adapt to changing situations, and create well-thought-out plans for the future. Howell provides examples of Steve Jobs and Abraham Lincoln as encompassing the traits of determination and drive as well as possessing cognitive capacity, demonstrated by their ability to adapt to their continuously changing environments.
Self-confidence encompasses the traits of high self-esteem, assertiveness, emotional stability, and self-assurance. Individuals who are self-confident do not doubt themselves or their abilities and decisions; they also have the ability to project this self-confidence onto others, building their trust and commitment. Integrity is demonstrated in individuals who are truthful, trustworthy, principled, consistent, dependable, loyal, and not deceptive. Leaders with integrity often share these values with their followers, as this trait is mainly an ethics issue. It is often said that these leaders keep their word and are honest and open with their cohorts. Sociability describes individuals who are friendly, extroverted, tactful, flexible, and interpersonally competent. Such a trait enables leaders to be accepted well by the public, use diplomatic measures to solve issues, as well as hold the ability to adapt their social persona to the situation at hand. According to Howell, Mother Teresa is an exceptional example who embodies integrity, assertiveness, and social abilities in her diplomatic dealings with the leaders of the world.
Few great leaders encompass all of the traits listed above, but many have the ability to apply a number of them to succeed as front-runners of their organization or situation.
Ontological-phenomenological model
One of the more recent definitions of leadership comes from Werner Erhard, Michael C. Jensen, Steve Zaffron, and Kari Granger who describe leadership as "an exercise in language that results in the realization of a future that wasn't going to happen anyway, which future fulfills (or contributes to fulfilling) the concerns of the relevant parties...". This definition ensures that leadership is talking about the future and includes the fundamental concerns of the relevant parties. This differs from relating to the relevant parties as "followers" and calling up an image of a single leader with others following. Rather, a future that fulfills on the fundamental concerns of the relevant parties indicates the future that wasn't going to happen is not the "idea of the leader", but rather is what emerges from digging deep to find the underlying concerns of those who are impacted by the leadership.
Contexts
Organizations
An organization that is established as an instrument or means for achieving defined objectives has been referred to by sociologists as a formal organization. Its design specifies how goals are subdivided and reflected in subdivisions of the organization. Divisions, departments, sections, positions, jobs, and tasks make up this work structure. Thus, the formal organization is expected to behave impersonally in regard to relationships with clients or with its members. According to Weber's model, entry and subsequent advancement is by merit or seniority. Employees receive a salary and enjoy a degree of tenure that safeguards them from the arbitrary influence of superiors or of powerful clients. The higher one's position in the hierarchy, the greater one's presumed expertise in adjudicating problems that may arise in the course of the work carried out at lower levels of the organization. This bureaucratic structure forms the basis for the appointment of heads or chiefs of administrative subdivisions in the organization and endows them with the authority attached to their position.
In contrast to the appointed head or chief of an administrative unit, a leader emerges within the context of the informal organization that underlies the formal structure. The informal organization expresses the personal objectives and goals of the individual membership. Their objectives and goals may or may not coincide with those of the formal organization. The informal organization represents an extension of the social structures that generally characterize human life — the spontaneous emergence of groups and organizations as ends in themselves.
In prehistoric times, humanity was preoccupied with personal security, maintenance, protection, and survival. Now humanity spends a major portion of waking hours working for organizations. The need to identify with a community that provides security, protection, maintenance, and a feeling of belonging has continued unchanged from prehistoric times. This need is met by the informal organization and its emergent, or unofficial, leaders.
Leaders emerge from within the structure of the informal organization. Their personal qualities, the demands of the situation, or a combination of these and other factors attract followers who accept their leadership within one or several overlay structures. Instead of the authority of position held by an appointed head or chief, the emergent leader wields influence or power. Influence is the ability of a person to gain co-operation from others by means of persuasion or control over rewards. Power is a stronger form of influence because it reflects a person's ability to enforce action through the control of a means of punishment.
A leader is a person who influences a group of people towards a specific result. In this scenario, leadership is not dependent on title or formal authority. Ogbonnia (2007) defines an effective leader "as an individual with the capacity to consistently succeed in a given condition and be viewed as meeting the expectations of an organization or society". John Hoyle argues that leaders are recognized by their capacity for caring for others, clear communication, and a commitment to persist. An individual who is appointed to a managerial position has the right to command and enforce obedience by virtue of the authority of their position. However, she or he must possess adequate personal attributes to match this authority, because authority is only potentially available to him/her. In the absence of sufficient personal competence, a manager may be confronted by an emergent leader who can challenge her/his role in the organization and reduce it to that of a figurehead. However, only authority of position has the backing of formal sanctions. It follows that whoever wields personal influence and power can legitimize this only by gaining a formal position in a hierarchy, with commensurate authority. Leadership can be defined as one's ability to get others to willingly follow. Every organization needs leaders at every level.
Management
Over the years the terms "management" and "leadership" have, in the organizational context, been used both as synonyms and with clearly differentiated meanings. Debate is fairly common about whether the use of these terms should be restricted, and generally reflects an awareness of the distinction made by Burns (1978) between "transactional" leadership (characterized by emphasis on procedures, contingent reward, management by exception) and "transformational" leadership (characterized by charisma, personal relationships, creativity).
Group
In contrast to individual leadership, some organizations have adopted group leadership. In this so-called shared leadership, more than one person provides direction to the group as a whole. It is furthermore characterized by shared responsibility, cooperation and mutual influence among team members. Some organizations have taken this approach in hopes of increasing creativity, reducing costs, or downsizing. Others may see the traditional leadership of a boss as costing too much in team performance. In some situations, the team members best able to handle any given phase of the project become the temporary leaders. Additionally, as each team member has the opportunity to experience the elevated level of empowerment, it energizes staff and feeds the cycle of success.
Leaders who demonstrate persistence, tenacity, determination, and synergistic communication skills will bring out the same qualities in their groups. Good leaders use their own inner mentors to energize their team and organizations and lead a team to achieve success.
According to the National School Boards Association (USA):
These Group Leaderships or Leadership Teams have specific characteristics:
Characteristics of a Team
There must be an awareness of unity on the part of all its members.
There must be interpersonal relationship. Members must have a chance to contribute, and learn from and work with others.
The members must have the ability to act together toward a common goal.
Ten characteristics of well-functioning teams:
Purpose: Members proudly share a sense of why the team exists and are invested in accomplishing its mission and goals.
Priorities: Members know what needs to be done next, by whom, and by when to achieve team goals.
Roles: Members know their roles in getting tasks done and when to allow a more skillful member to do a certain task.
Decisions: Authority and decision-making lines are clearly understood.
Conflict: Conflict is dealt with openly and is considered important to decision-making and personal growth.
Personal traits: members feel their unique personalities are appreciated and well utilized.
Norms: Group norms for working together are set and seen as standards for every one in the groups.
Effectiveness: Members find team meetings efficient and productive and look forward to this time together.
Success: Members know clearly when the team has met with success and share in this equally and proudly.
Training: Opportunities for feedback and updating skills are provided and taken advantage of by team members.
Self-leadership
Self-leadership is a process that occurs within an individual, rather than an external act. It is an expression of who we are as people. Self-leadership is having a developed sense of who you are, what you can achieve, what are your goals coupled with the ability to affect your emotions, behaviors and communication. At the center of leadership is the person who is motivated to make the difference. Self-leadership is a way toward more effectively leading other people.
Biology and evolution of leadership
Mark van Vugt and Anjana Ahuja in Naturally Selected: The Evolutionary Science of Leadership (2011) present cases of leadership in non-human animals, from ants and bees to baboons and chimpanzees. They suggest that leadership has a long evolutionary history and that the same mechanisms underpinning leadership in humans appear in other social species, too. They also suggest that the evolutionary origins of leadership differ from those of dominance. In a study, Mark van Vugt and his team looked at the relation between basal testosterone and leadership versus dominance. They found that testosterone correlates with dominance but not with leadership. This was replicated in a sample of managers in which there was no relation between hierarchical position and testosterone level.
Richard Wrangham and Dale Peterson, in Demonic Males: Apes and the Origins of Human Violence (1996), present evidence that only humans and chimpanzees, among all the animals living on Earth, share a similar tendency for a cluster of behaviors: violence, territoriality, and competition for uniting behind the one chief male of the land. This position is contentious. Many animals apart from apes are territorial, compete, exhibit violence, and have a social structure controlled by a dominant male (lions, wolves, etc.), suggesting Wrangham and Peterson's evidence is not empirical. However, we must examine other species as well, including elephants (which are matriarchal and follow an alpha female), meerkats (which are likewise matriarchal), sheep (which "follow" in some sense castrated bellwethers), and many others.
By comparison, bonobos, the second-closest species-relatives of humans, do not unite behind the chief male of the land. Bonobos show deference to an alpha or top-ranking female that, with the support of her coalition of other females, can prove as strong as the strongest male. Thus, if leadership amounts to getting the greatest number of followers, then among the bonobos, a female almost always exerts the strongest and most effective leadership. (Incidentally, not all scientists agree on the allegedly peaceful nature of the bonobo or with its reputation as a "hippie chimp".)
Myths
Leadership, although largely talked about, has been described as one of the least understood concepts across all cultures and civilizations. Over the years, many researchers have stressed the prevalence of this misunderstanding, stating that the existence of several flawed assumptions, or myths, concerning leadership often interferes with individuals' conception of what leadership is all about (Gardner, 1965; Bennis, 1975).
Leadership is innate
According to some, leadership is determined by distinctive dispositional characteristics present at birth (e.g., extraversion; intelligence; ingenuity). However, according to Forsyth (2009) there is evidence to show that leadership also develops through hard work and careful observation. Thus, effective leadership can result from nature (i.e., innate talents) as well as nurture (i.e., acquired skills).
Leadership is possessing power over others
Although leadership is certainly a form of power, it is not demarcated by power over people – rather, it is a power with people that exists as a reciprocal relationship between a leader and his/her followers (Forsyth, 2009). Despite popular belief, the use of manipulation, coercion, and domination to influence others is not a requirement for leadership. In actuality, individuals who seek group consent and strive to act in the best interests of others can also become effective leaders (e.g., class president; court judge).
Leaders are positively influential
The validity of the assertion that groups flourish when guided by effective leaders can be illustrated using several examples. For instance, according to Baumeister et al. (1988), the bystander effect (failure to respond or offer assistance) that tends to develop within groups faced with an emergency is significantly reduced in groups guided by a leader. Moreover, it has been documented that group performance, creativity, and efficiency all tend to climb in businesses with designated managers or CEOs. However, the difference leaders make is not always positive in nature. Leaders sometimes focus on fulfilling their own agendas at the expense of others, including his/her own followers (e.g., Pol Pot; Josef Stalin). Leaders who focus on personal gain by employing stringent and manipulative leadership styles often make a difference, but usually do so through negative means.
Leaders entirely control group outcomes
In Western cultures it is generally assumed that group leaders make all the difference when it comes to group influence and overall goal-attainment. Although common, this romanticized view of leadership (i.e., the tendency to overestimate the degree of control leaders have over their groups and their groups' outcomes) ignores the existence of many other factors that influence group dynamics. For example, group cohesion, communication patterns among members, individual personality traits, group context, the nature or orientation of the work, as well as behavioral norms and established standards influence group functionality in varying capacities. For this reason, it is unwarranted to assume that all leaders are in complete control of their groups' achievements.
All groups have a designated leader
Despite preconceived notions, not all groups need have a designated leader. Groups that are primarily composed of women, are limited in size, are free from stressful decision-making, or only exist for a short period of time (e.g., student work groups; pub quiz/trivia teams) often undergo a diffusion of responsibility, where leadership tasks and roles are shared amongst members (Schmid Mast, 2002; Berdahl & Anderson, 2007; Guastello, 2007).
Group members resist leaders
Although research has indicated that group members' dependence on group leaders can lead to reduced self-reliance and overall group strength, most people actually prefer to be led than to be without a leader (Berkowitz, 1953). This "need for a leader" becomes especially strong in troubled groups that are experiencing some sort of conflict. Group members tend to be more contented and productive when they have a leader to guide them. Although individuals filling leadership roles can be a direct source of resentment for followers, most people appreciate the contributions that leaders make to their groups and consequently welcome the guidance of a leader (Stewart & Manz, 1995).
Action-oriented environments
One approach to team leadership examines action-oriented environments, where effective functional leadership is required to achieve critical or reactive tasks by small teams deployed into the field. In other words, there is leadership of small groups often created to respond to a situation or critical incident.
In most cases, these teams are tasked to operate in remote and changeable environments with limited support or backup (action environments). Leadership of people in these environments requires a different set of skills to that of front line management. These leaders must effectively operate remotely and negotiate the needs of the individual, team, and task within a changeable environment. This has been termed action oriented leadership. Some examples of demonstrations of action oriented leadership include extinguishing a rural fire, locating a missing person, leading a team on an outdoor expedition, or rescuing a person from a potentially hazardous environment.
Other examples include modern technology deployments of small/medium-sized IT teams into client plant sites. Leadership of these teams requires hands on experience and a lead-by-example attitude to empower team members to make well thought out and concise decisions independent of executive management and/or home base decision makers. Early adoption of Scrum and Kanban branch development methodologies helped to alleviate the dependency that field teams had on trunk based development. This method of just-in-time action oriented development and deployment allowed remote plant sites to deploy up-to-date software patches frequently and without dependency on core team deployment schedules satisfying the clients need to rapidly patch production environment bugs as needed.
Critical thought
Carlyle's 1840 "Great Man theory", which emphasized the role of leading individuals, met opposition (from Herbert Spencer, Leo Tolstoy, and others) in the 19th and 20th centuries.
Karl Popper noted in 1945 that leaders can mislead and make mistakes - he warns against deferring to "great men".
Noam Chomsky
and others
have subjected the concept of leadership to critical thinking and have provided an analysis that asserts that people abrogate their responsibility to think and will actions for themselves. While the conventional view of leadership may satisfy people who "want to be told what to do", these critics say that one should question subjection to a will or intellect other than one's own if the leader is not a subject-matter expert (SME).
Concepts such as autogestion, employeeship, and common civic virtue, etc., challenge the fundamentally anti-democratic nature of the leadership principle by stressing individual responsibility and/or group authority in the workplace and elsewhere and by focusing on the skills and attitudes that a person needs in general rather than separating out "leadership" as the basis of a special class of individuals.
Similarly, various historical calamities (such as World War II) can be attributed
to a misplaced reliance on the principle of leadership as exhibited in dictatorship.
The idea of leaderism paints leadership and its excesses in a negative light.
See also
References
Citations
Sources
Books
Murray Hiebert, Bruce Klatt, The Encyclopedia of Leadership: A Practical Guide to Popular Leadership Theories and Techniques [1st ed.], 9780071363082, 0071363084, McGraw-Hill, 2000
Jay W. Lorsch (Spring 1974) Book Review: Leadership and Decision Making by Vroom & Yetton, MIT Sloan Management Review 15(3): 100
Journal articles
Ahlquist, John S.; Levi, Margaret (2011). "Leadership: What It Means, What It Does, and What We Want to Know About It". Annual Review of Political Science. 14 (1): 1–24
Avolio, Bruce J.; Walumbwa, Fred O.; Weber, Todd J. (2009). "Leadership: Current Theories, Research, and Future Directions". Annual Review of Psychology. 60 (1): 421–449.
Hadley Cantril (1958) "Effective democratic leadership: a psychological interpretation", Journal of Individual Psychology 14: 128–38, and pages 139–49 in Psychology, Humanism and Scientific Inquiry (1988) edited by Albert H. Cantril, Transaction Books.
External links
Strategic management
Industrial and organizational psychology
Political science terminology
Social concepts
Majority–minority relations
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130919
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brains%20in%20Bahrain
|
Brains in Bahrain
|
Brains in Bahrain was an eight-game chess match between World Chess Champion Vladimir Kramnik and the computer program Deep Fritz 7, held in October 2002. The match ended in a tie 4-4, with two wins for each participant and four draws.
Outcome of games
The first game was drawn. Kramnik won games 2 and 3 by "conventional" anti-computer tactics—play conservatively for a long-term advantage the computer is not able to see in its game tree search. After a draw in game 4, Kramnik lost game 5 due to a blunder. Game 6 was described by commentators as "spectacular". Kramnik, in a better position in the early middlegame, sacrificed a piece to launch an attack—a strategy known to be highly risky against computers, which are at their strongest when defending such attacks. True to form, Fritz found a watertight defense and Kramnik was left in a bad position. Kramnik resigned the game, believing his position to be lost. However, post-game analysis has shown that Fritz was unlikely to have been able to force a win—Kramnik gave up a drawn position. The final two games were draws.
Selection of Fritz and creation of Deep Fritz
Fritz had been chosen to play Kramnik by winning a qualifying event in Cadaques, Spain in 2001. The other competing program was Junior; the reigning world computer chess champion Shredder declined an invitation to compete. The 24-game match started very poorly for Fritz, which lost five games in a row before coming back strongly in the last ten games to tie the series and finally win the play-off. Fritz became Deep Fritz when its hardware was extended to an eight-processor machine for the competition.
Advantages
Kramnik was given several advantages in his match against Fritz when compared to most other Man vs. Machine matches, such as the one Garry Kasparov lost against Deep Blue in 1997. The code of Fritz was frozen some time before the first match and Kramnik was given a copy of Fritz to practice with for several months. Another difference was that in games lasting more than 56 moves, Kramnik was allowed to adjourn until the following day, during which time he could use his copy of Fritz to aid him in his overnight analysis of the position.
See also
Deep Blue versus Garry Kasparov
References
External links
Deep Fritz 7 - Product details and price at Chessbase, 28 August 2002
Brains in Bahrain page on chessgames.com
Chess competitions
Computer chess
2002 in chess
Sport in Bahrain
Human versus computer matches
|
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] |
130920
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fairview%2C%20Oregon
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Fairview, Oregon
|
Fairview is a city in Multnomah County, Oregon, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 8,920.
History
Members of the Multnomah tribe of Chinookan Indians lived in a village near the Columbia River (the future site of Fairview) when the Lewis and Clark Expedition visited the area in 1806. By the 1840s and 1850s, white settlers began hay, grain, and livestock operations in what would become eastern Multnomah County. Railroad tracks extended to the area by the 1890s, and, as the population grew, residents began referring to the locale as Fairview because of the pleasing views of the nearby river, the Columbia River Gorge, and Mount Hood. Since another community named Fairview already existed on the Oregon Coast, the community's first post office was named Cleone until the coastal post office closed and the name was transferred to Fairview.
In the mid-1980s the city attempted to annex a large section of unincorporated territory in eastern Multnomah County. The plan would have created a city of about 120,000 residents, which at the time would have ranked as the second most populous city in Oregon, behind only Portland. In September 1985, the Oregon Supreme Court ruled that the attempt was invalid as state law required two cities to start any attempt at consolidation, and only Fairview had initiated this attempt.
A large Fairview employer is Townsend Farms, which operates a berry freezing cannery. In 2020 the company had approximately 350 employees in the region, with 450 seasonal workers; it was the source of a Hepatitis A outbreak in pomegranate seeds in 2013 that infected 127 people in 8 states. The product was recalled under its Townsend Farms brand at Costco and private labeled at Harris Teeter, and later linked to Goknur Foodstuffs Import Export Trading in Turkey by the FDA. The cannery itself had a COVID-19 outbreak in 2020, which may have caused two waves of infections affecting at least 48 people. The cannery did not shut down, and the outbreak spread for weeks before the state was notified. The company has blueberry orchards in Applegate Valley near Grants Pass and Cornelius, as well as others in Oregon and Washington.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which, is land and is water.
Demographics
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 8,920 people, 3,544 households, and 2,274 families residing in the city. The population density was . There were 3,786 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 73.1% White, 4.6% African American, 1.1% Native American, 5.5% Asian, 1.0% Pacific Islander, 9.7% from other races, and 5.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 16.4% of the population.
There were 3,544 households, of which 32.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.9% were married couples living together, 14.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.9% had a male householder with no wife present, and 35.8% were non-families. 26.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.51 and the average family size was 3.04.
The median age in the city was 35 years. 23.8% of residents were under the age of 18; 10.2% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 29.6% were from 25 to 44; 26.2% were from 45 to 64; and 10% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.1% male and 51.9% female.
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 7,561 people, 2,831 households, and 1,936 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,360.8 people per square mile (912.3/km2). There were 3,116 housing units at an average density of 972.9 per square mile (376.0/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 76.21% White, 3.44% Asian, 3.04% African American, 0.83% Native American, 0.37% Pacific Islander, 10.51% from other races, and 5.59% from two or more races. 16% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
l
There were 2,831 households, out of which 36.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.9% were married couples living together, 13.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.6% were non-families. 22.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.67 and the average family size was 3.13.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 28.1% under the age of 18, 11.3% from 18 to 24, 33.7% from 25 to 44, 19.5% from 45 to 64, and 7.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.1 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $40,931, and the median income for a family was $43,317. Males had a median income of $37,342 versus $25,909 for females. The per capita income for the city was $19,006. About 13.5% of families and 19.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 26.1% of those under age 18 and 12.4% of those age 65 or over.
Government
House District 49 encompasses the city of Fairview, as well as surrounding cities of Troutdale, Wood Village, and parts of Gresham. It is represented by Democrat Chris Gorsek.
As part of House District 49, Fairview is also part of Senate District 25 (composed of House Districts 49 and 50) represented by Democrat Laurie Monnes Anderson.
Education
Fairview is served by the Reynolds School District. Fairview Elementary, Salish Ponds Elementary, Woodland Elementary, and Reynolds Middle School are in the city.
Transportation
TriMet
Fairview is served by two Trimet bus lines: 21-Sandy Blvd/233rd and 77-Broadway/Halsey.
Major Highways
Interstate 84
U.S. Route 30
References
External links
City of Fairview (official website)
Entry for Fairview in the Oregon Blue Book
Cities in Oregon
Cities in Multnomah County, Oregon
1908 establishments in Oregon
Populated places established in 1908
Portland metropolitan area
Oregon populated places on the Columbia River
|
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130921
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gresham%2C%20Oregon
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Gresham, Oregon
|
Gresham ( ) is a city located in Multnomah County, Oregon, in the United States of America, immediately east of Portland, Oregon. It is considered a suburb within the Greater Portland Metropolitan area. Though it began as a settlement in the mid-1800s, it was not officially incorporated as a city until 1905; it was named after Walter Quintin Gresham, the American Civil War general and United States Secretary of State.
The city's early economy was sustained largely by farming, and by the mid-20th century the city experienced a population boom, growing from 4,000 residents to over 10,000 between 1960 and 1970. The population was 105,594 at the 2010 census, making Gresham the fourth largest city in Oregon.
History
The area now known as Gresham was first settled in 1851 by brothers Jackson and James Powell, who claimed land under the Donation Land Claim Act of 1850. They were soon joined by other pioneer families, and the area came to be known as Powell's Valley. In 1884, a local merchant petitioned the United States Post Office Department for a post office in his store, and offered to name it after Postmaster General Walter Q. Gresham if his request was granted. At the same time, other members of the community secured a post office called "Campground", another name for the area, referencing the religious camp meeting ground located there and the valley's usefulness as a stop-off for travelers on their way to Portland. Once the Post Office Department realized its mistake, it revoked the Campground post office.
Gresham was incorporated in 1905, the year of the Lewis and Clark Centennial Exposition; its population at the time was 365. Lewis Shattuck, son of a pioneer family, was the first mayor. The town's economy was fueled largely by farming, including berries, grapes, and vegetables. At the time, trains ran between Gresham and Portland on an hourly basis. Gresham's early settlers would go on to form the outlying communities of Boring, Sandy, Fairview, and Estacada.
Gresham's city library, which began as a small book collection in the town's general store, was officially established as the Gresham Branch Public Library in 1913 with a grant from the Andrew Carnegie library fund.
Gresham General Hospital opened in 1959 in downtown Gresham. In 1984, the hospital moved to Stark Street and became Mount Hood Medical Center.
In August 2016 the town was the place of the racially-motivated murder of Larnell Bruce.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which is land and is water. The total area includes parts of Fairview Creek and Johnson Creek.
Topography
Gresham is located twelve miles from downtown Portland; the dividing line between Portland and Gresham's city limits is roughly at SE 162nd Avenue in some areas, and 172nd Avenue in others. Gresham's north and south borders are divided along U.S. Route 26, also known as the Mount Hood Highway, which begins on its western border along Powell Boulevard, then continues on Burnside Street before returning to the Mount Hood Highway in east Gresham. The city is located roughly seventy miles east of the Oregon Coast.
Though much of Gresham is relatively flat, it is characterized by a hill on its eastern border. Northeast Gresham is also hilly, particularly where the city meets Troutdale toward the Columbia River. Its elevation is 325 feet (91.7 meters). Johnson Creek, which begins at the foothills of the Cascade Mountains, runs westward through Gresham, with 23 percent of the creek's watershed running through the city.
Climate
Gresham, like most of western Oregon, has a Mediterranean climate (Köppen Csb/Csa). Summers feature pleasant mornings, very warm and sunny afternoons and only very occasional rainfall, whereas winters are cloudy with cool to cold afternoons, occasional frosts, and frequent long rainy periods.
Demographics
2000 census
As of 2000 the median income for a household in the city was $43,442, and the mean income for a family was $51,126. Males had a median income of $37,701 versus $27,744 for females. That is a difference of $9,957. The per capita income for the city was $19,588. About 8.4% of families and 12.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.2% of those under the age of 18 and 6.7% of those 65 and older.
2005-2007 American Community Survey Estimates
83.9% - White (71.1 non-Hispanic White)
18.3% - Hispanic or Latino (of any race)
5.1% - Asian
5.1% - Some other race
4.7% - American Indian or Alaska Native
3.7% - African American or Black
0.3% - Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 105,594 people, 38,704 households, and 25,835 families residing in the city. The population density was . There were 41,015 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 76.0% White, 3.5% African American, 1.3% Native American, 4.3% Asian, 0.7% Pacific Islander, 9.8% from other races, and 4.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 18.9% of the population.
There were 38,704 households, of which 36.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.6% were married couples living together, 14.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.9% had a male householder with no wife present, and 33.2% were non-families. 25.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.69 and the average family size was 3.22.
The median age in the city was 33.6 years. 26.4% of residents were under the age of 18; 10.2% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 28.1% were from 25 to 44; 24.5% were from 45 to 64; and 10.7% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.0% male and 51.0% female.
Arts and culture
Historic sites
There are several National Register of Historic Places sites located in Gresham. The Louise Home Hospital and Residence Hall, is located in west Gresham, and serves as a social services facility. Other sites include: the Jacob Zimmerman House, a farmhouse built by German-American settlers in 1874; the Hamlin–Johnson House, a farmhouse built in 1888; the Emanuel and Christina Anderson House and William Gedamke House, both Victorian Queen Anne homes built circa 1900; the Gresham Carnegie Library, built in 1913; the Dr. Herbert H. Hughes House, built in 1922; the Charles and Fae Olson House, a modernist home built in 1946; and the David and Marianne Ott House, a ranch home built in 1952.
Parks and recreation
There are numerous parks in Gresham, such as Main City Park, located near downtown Gresham. Other parks include East Gresham Park, Red Sunset Park, and Clatsop Butte Park, an upland butte located south of Powell Butte, which lies between Portland and Gresham. Other public points of interest are the Arts Plaza and Gresham Pioneer Cemetery, established in 1859.
Bicycle/pedestrian trails
Springwater Corridor
40-Mile Loop
Gresham–Fairview Trail
Gresham Butte Saddle Trail
Kelly Creek Greenway Trail
Nadaka Loop Trail
Government
The City of Gresham operates under the council–manager form of government. The mayor and city council are elected to be the legislative and policy-making body for the city.
The council appoints a city manager who is responsible for the daily operations of the city. The city manager of Gresham is Nina Vetter, who was appointed to the position on May 3, 2021.
The city council consists of the mayor and six councilors, all of whom serve four-year terms. Elections are held in November of even-numbered years. In election years divisible by four, (e.g., 2000, 2004, 2008), three councilors are elected. In election years not divisible by four, (e.g., 1998, 2002, 2006), the other three councilors and the mayor are elected.
Education
Gresham is served by three school districts: Centennial, Gresham-Barlow, and Reynolds. High schools include Gresham High School, Sam Barlow High School, Centennial High School, and Reynolds High School. Private schools include Portland Adventist Elementary School, Eastside Christian School, and Morningstar Montessori school.
Mount Hood Community College is also located in Gresham, and is the only college located within the city limits. It offers associate degrees, as well as bachelor's programs through a partnership with Eastern Oregon University. According to the US Census, 27.16% of the Gresham residents had a bachelor's degree, while 9.93% had earned a master's degree or above.
Infrastructure
Transportation
Highways
Gresham is accessed from the west via Interstate 84 and via U.S. Route 26 from the east.
Mass transit
Gresham is serviced by TriMet's bus system and the MAX Light Rail Blue Line, which includes the following MAX stations:
East 162nd Avenue
East 172nd Avenue
East 181st Avenue
Rockwood/East 188th Avenue (serving the Rockwood neighborhood)
Ruby Junction/East 197th Avenue
Civic Drive
Gresham City Hall
Gresham Central Transit Center
Cleveland Avenue (the Blue Line's eastern terminus)
Gresham is also served by the fareless Sandy Area Metro shuttle bus to Sandy, Oregon.
Notable people
Shannon Bex (1980 –), member of Danity Kane
Brian Burres (1981 –), Major League Baseball pitcher
Randy Couture (1963 –), mixed martial arts fighter
Sam Crouser (1991 –), Olympic athlete
Marco Farfan, professional soccer player
Nikki Fuller (1968 –), professional female bodybuilder
Robert Garrigus (1977 –), PGA Tour
Katie Harman (1980 –), Miss America 2002
Jess Hartley (1967 –), author, editor, and tabletop game designer
Fred Jones (1979 –), National Basketball Association player
Fouad Kaady (January 8, 1978 – September 8, 2005), a resident who was shot to death by police after being injured in a car wreck
Robert S. Lucas, U.S. Coast Guard Rear Admiral
Ronald A. Marks, former CIA official
Khamphoui Sisavatdy, prime minister of the Gresham-headquartered Royal Lao Government in Exile
Stu Weber, Christian author
Sister cities
Gresham's sister cities are:
Ebetsu, Japan (1977)
Owerri, Nigeria (1991)
Sokcho, South Korea (1985)
References
External links
City of Gresham official website
Entry for Gresham in the Oregon Blue Book
Cities in Oregon
Cities in Multnomah County, Oregon
Populated places established in 1884
Portland metropolitan area
1884 establishments in Oregon
|
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130922
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maywood%20Park%2C%20Oregon
|
Maywood Park, Oregon
|
Maywood Park is a city in Multnomah County, Oregon, United States. The name came from a comment made by the wife of the man who developed the original subdivision, E.F. Taylor, who remarked one winter night how attractive the woods were in May. An enclave within the city of Portland, the residents of the city voted to incorporate in 1967 in an unsuccessful attempt to stop the construction of Interstate 205. The population was 752 at the 2010 census.
History
In 1926, Columbia Realty purchased the triangular plot of land on which Maywood Park stands. The parcel was later purchased by Commonwealth Inc., which made plans to create a subdivision modeled after the Laurelhurst and Eastmoreland neighborhoods of Portland. Although the Great Depression delayed development of the land, construction was largely completed by 1943 with about 400 homes. Maywood Park was so large it crossed over where I-205 is today.
In 1967, the residents of Maywood Park voted to incorporate as a city in an attempt to prevent Interstate 205 from cutting through the neighborhood. Although the effort was ultimately unsuccessful, resulting in the loss of 82 homes on the west side, Maywood Park was able to gain noise reduction concessions from the construction of I-205. Specifically, I-205 is built below grade as it passes by Maywood Park, and a sound wall and greenbelt provide further noise reduction.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all of it land. The city is contained in a trapezoid bordered by NE Prescott Street to the north, NE 102nd Avenue to the east, I-205 to the south, and NE 92nd Avenue (across I-205) to the west, plus the eastern side of 92nd Avenue to Sandy Boulevard.
Demographics
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 752 people, 300 households, and 217 families residing in the city. The population density was . There were 312 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 85.5% White, 3.5% African American, 0.4% Native American, 5.9% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.7% from other races, and 4.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.0% of the population.
There were 300 households, of which 30.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.7% were married couples living together, 11.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.0% had a male householder with no wife present, and 27.7% were non-families. 21.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.51 and the average family size was 2.82.
The median age in the city was 42.8 years. 20.6% of residents were under the age of 18; 5.1% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 28.9% were from 25 to 44; 29.9% were from 45 to 64; and 15.7% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.7% male and 52.3% female.
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 777 people, 306 households, and 224 families residing in the city. The population density was 4,571.4 people per square mile (1,764.7/km). There were 314 housing units at an average density of 1,847.4 per square mile (713.2/km). The racial makeup of the city was 88.42% White, 2.06% African American, 0.90% Native American, 3.99% Asian, 0.13% Pacific Islander, 0.39% from other races, and 4.12% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.32% of the population.
There were 306 households, out of which 27.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.1% were married couples living together, 9.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.5% were non-families. 20.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.54 and the average family size was 2.92.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 20.2% under the age of 18, 6.2% from 18 to 24, 25.7% from 25 to 44, 32.8% from 45 to 64, and 15.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.2 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $56,250, and the median income for a family was $61,750. Males had a median income of $39,821 versus $36,071 for females. The per capita income for the city was $26,472. None of the families and 1.7% of the population were living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and 1.7% of those over 64.
Government
The city is served by the Parkrose School District and lies within the Mount Hood Community College District.
See also
Mount Hood Freeway, a freeway revolt related to the development of I-205
References
External links
City of Maywood Park (official website)
Listing for Maywood Park in the Oregon Blue Book
Cities in Oregon
Cities in Multnomah County, Oregon
Enclaves in the United States
Portland metropolitan area
1967 establishments in Oregon
|
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130923
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troutdale%2C%20Oregon
|
Troutdale, Oregon
|
Troutdale is a city in Multnomah County, Oregon, United States, immediately north of Gresham and east of Wood Village. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 15,962. The city serves as the western gateway to the Historic Columbia River Highway, the Mount Hood Scenic Byway, and the Columbia River Gorge. It is approximately east of Portland.
History
The community was once known as Sandy, after the nearby Sandy River; the post office in Sandy was established in 1854 and closed in 1868. In 1873, the current city of Sandy in Clackamas County, which was formerly named "Revenue", established a different Sandy post office that is still in operation. Troutdale was named by pioneer John Harlow for the trout pond in a dale near his house. Troutdale post office was founded in 1880. In 1925, a company, the Bissinger Wool Pullery, was moved from Sellwood, Oregon, and opened for business on Macadam Road along the west bank of the Sandy River. An iconic water tower stands nearby. The company was featured in a Ripley's Believe it or Not! column because a cat was reportedly found in a stack of animal hides that the company was going to use for its products. The cat was taken care of and became the company's mascot, and was said to have lived a long and healthy life. The water tower is now known as the "Old Historic Water Tower".
Reynolds Aluminum was once the area's biggest employer. The Reynolds plant in Troutdale was established in 1941 to provide aluminum for the war effort. The plant closed in 2000. The nearby city of Wood Village was a company town founded to house workers from the Reynolds plant.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which is land and is water.
Troutdale is located at the confluence of the Sandy and Columbia rivers.
The city is about east of Portland.
Climate
This region experiences warm (but not hot) and dry summers, with no average monthly temperatures above . According to the Köppen climate classification system, Troutdale has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate, abbreviated "Csb" on climate maps.
Troutdale is renowned for having some of the windiest conditions in the Pacific Northwest. Periodically, strong east winds emerge from the Columbia River Gorge that affect the city's temperature and general climate. As a result, several businesses and locations utilize the East Wind identifier in their names or services.
Demographics
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 15,962 people, 5,671 households, and 4,208 families residing in the city. The population density was . There were 5,907 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 83.6% White, 2.1% African American, 1.0% Native American, 4.6% Asian, 0.4% Pacific Islander, 4.2% from other races, and 4.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 10.6% of the population.
There were 5,671 households, of which 40.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.7% were married couples living together, 12.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.6% had a male householder with no wife present, and 25.8% were non-families. 18.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.81 and the average family size was 3.20.
The median age in the city was 34 years. 27.5% of residents were under the age of 18; 9.8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 27.9% were from 25 to 44; 27.1% were from 45 to 64; and 7.6% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.0% male and 51.0% female.
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 13,777 people, 4,671 households, and 3,690 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,761.1 people per square mile (1,066.0/km2). There were 4,865 housing units at an average density of 975.0 per square mile (376.4/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 87.54% White, 4.14% Asian, 1.90% African American, 0.92% Native American, 0.25% Pacific Islander, 1.71% from other races, and 3.53% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.62% of the population.
There were 4,671 households, out of which 44.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.6% were married couples living together, 10.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.0% were non-families. 13.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 1.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.89 and the average family size was 3.19.
In the city, the age distribution of the population shows 30.1% under the age of 18, 9.0% from 18 to 24, 35.4% from 25 to 44, 21.1% from 45 to 64, and 4.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.4 males. For every 100 females aged 18 and over, there were 99.4 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $56,593, and the median income for a family was $62,203. Males had a median income of $41,808 versus $30,989 for females. The per capita income for the city was $21,778. About 3.3% of families and 4.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.2% of those under age 18 and 6.0% of those aged 65 or over.
Economy
The local economy has shifted since the start of the century as the Portland region continues to grow. While the majority of residents work in Portland or Gresham, recent industrial development related to at the Port of Portland's Troutdale Reynolds Industrial Park has helped turned the community into a jobs center for the region.
FedEx is currently the largest employer in the city, with a sizable distribution facility for its FedEx Ground operations. Other major employers include Amazon, Reynolds School District, Multnomah County Sheriff's Office, Albertsons/Safeway, The Home Depot, and McMenamins.
Tourism
Troutdale is the home of one of the most notable locations of the local McMenamins brewpub and hotel chain, the 38-acre (154,000 m2) Edgefield, which was formerly the Multnomah County Poor Farm. The site has a hotel and a variety of restaurants, bars, and entertainment venues. Edgefield is listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP).
Other buildings on the NRHP in Troutdale include the Fred Harlow House and the Troutdale Methodist Episcopal Church.
Troutdale is also served by aerial tour company Envi Adventures that provides air tours of the Columbia River Gorge and Downtown Portland.
Education
Troutdale is served by the Reynolds School District. Reynolds High School, Walt Morey Middle School, and Sweetbriar and Troutdale elementary schools are located in the city. Open Door Christian Academy is a private school.
Transportation
Rail
Electric interurban service connecting Troutdale with Gresham began in 1907, operated by the Portland Railway, Light and Power Company and connecting in Gresham with interurban service through to Portland. The line was abandoned in 1927.
Bus
From at least the 1940s through the 1960s, bus transit service connecting Troutdale with Gresham and Portland was provided by a private company named Portland Stages, Inc. This service was taken over by TriMet, a then-new public agency, in 1970, and TriMet continues to provide transit service in Troutdale today.
Air
The Troutdale Airport serves as a base for scenic aerial tours of the Columbia River Gorge provided by Envi Adventures.
Parks and recreation
Troutdale's park system includes nearly 20 parks ranging from the heavily used Glenn Otto Park on the banks of the Sandy River to numerous neighborhood parks sprinkled throughout the city. The city's largest park is Columbia Park which is home to the Imagination Station playground and numerous athletic fields. Sunrise Park consists of a half-mile-long looping trail with views of Mount Hood and rentable community garden beds.
Notable people
Drew Eubanks, American basketball player
Gino Vannelli, musician
References
External links
Entry for Troutdale in the Oregon Blue Book
West Columbia Gorge Chamber of Commerce & Visitor Center
Sunrise Park
1872 establishments in Oregon
Populated places established in 1872
Cities in Multnomah County, Oregon
Cities in Oregon
Oregon populated places on the Columbia River
Portland metropolitan area
|
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130924
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wood%20Village%2C%20Oregon
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Wood Village, Oregon
|
Wood Village is a city in Multnomah County, Oregon, United States. The population was 3,878 at the 2010 census. Despite the name, Wood Village is classified as a city.
History
Wood Village was built as a company town for the Reynolds Aluminum plant in Troutdale; the plant closed in 2000. The city was also formerly home to a Merix Corporation plant. It was incorporated by a vote of 156–35, with narrow approval from Fairview voters, on June 18, 1949.
Proposals to consolidate Wood Village with neighboring Fairview and Troutdale were seriously considered in the late 1960s and early 1980s.
The community's new city hall opened in September 2021.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all of it land.
Demographics
2010 census
At the 2010 census, there were 3,878 people in 1,223 households, including 880 families, in the city. The population density was . There were 1,289 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 62.6% White, 2.0% African American, 2.3% Native American, 3.8% Asian, 0.2% Pacific Islander, 25.0% from other races, and 4.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 37.0%.
Of the 1,223 households, 46.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.4% were married couples living together, 16.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 7.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 28.0% were non-families. 20.8% of households were one person and 5.3% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 3.11 and the average family size was 3.59.
The median age was 30.7 years. 32.2% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 29.8% were from 25 to 44; 21.6% were from 45 to 64; and 7.5% were 65 or older. The gender makeup of the city was 50.9% male and 49.1% female.
2000 census
At the 2000 census, there were 2,860 people in 1,014 households, including 701 families, in the city. The population density was 3,004.1 people per square mile (1,162.4/km). There were 1,089 housing units at an average density of 1,143.9 per square mile (442.6/km). The racial makeup of the city was 81.68% White, 0.56% African American, 1.29% Native American, 1.71% Asian, 0.24% Pacific Islander, 9.86% from other races, and 4.65% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 15.21%.
Of the 1,014 households, 38.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.9% were married couples living together, 16.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.8% were non-families. 23.9% of households were one person and 6.8% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.76 and the average family size was 3.22.
The age distribution was as follows: 28.6% under the age of 18, 10.2% from 18 to 24, 32.8% from 25 to 44, 19.7% from 45 to 64, and 8.6% 65 or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.2 males.
The median household income was $43,384 and the median family income was $48,167. Males had a median income of $31,577 versus $25,500 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,833. About 6.9% of families and 8.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.9% of those under age 18 and 2.9% of those age 65 or over.
Transportation
TriMet serves the city with bus service and connections to light rail.
References
External links
City of Wood Village
Entry for Wood Village in the Oregon Blue Book
1951 establishments in Oregon
Cities in Multnomah County, Oregon
Cities in Oregon
Company towns in Oregon
Portland metropolitan area
|
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] |
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dallas%2C%20Oregon
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Dallas, Oregon
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Dallas is a city and the county seat of Polk County, Oregon, United States. The population was 16,854 at the 2020 census.
Dallas is along Rickreall Creek, about west of Salem, at an elevation of above sea level. It is part of the Salem Metropolitan Statistical Area.
History
Pioneers in the 1840s started the settlement that became known as Dallas on the north side of Rickreall Creek. It was originally named "Cynthian" or "Cynthiana". A 1947 Itemizer-Observer article states: "[T]he town was called Cynthiana after Cynthiana, Ky., so named by Mrs. Thos. Lovelady." According to the county historical society in 1987, Mrs. Thomas J. Lovelady named the new settlement after her home town of Cynthiana, Kentucky.
Another source claims that Cynthia Ann, wife of early pioneer Jesse Applegate, named the settlement. But they lived in the Salt Creek area of northern Polk County and, according to the 1850 Federal Census, she was not living in Polk County then.
Dallas post office was established in 1852. In 1856, the town was moved more than a mile south because of an inadequate supply of water.
Cynthiana competed with Independence to be selected as the county seat. Its residents raised $17,000 in order to have a branch of the narrow gauge railroad constructed to their town, which secured them the honor and related economic stimulus. The line was built from 1878–80. Town leaders believed a more sturdy sounding name was needed for a county seat. Since George Mifflin Dallas was vice-president under James K. Polk, for whom the county was named, they named it "Dallas".
Dallas was incorporated as a town in 1874 and as a city in 1901.
Gerlinger family
After Louis Gerlinger, Sr. incorporated the Salem, Falls City and Western Railway Company late in October 1901, he announced plans to build a railroad from the Willamette River at Salem to the mouth of the Siletz River on the Oregon Coast, a distance of .
In 1902, Louis's son George T. Gerlinger organized a group of investors to build related railroad lines in the area. On May 29, 1903, the first train ran from Dallas to Falls City. At the end of June, passenger trains began regularly scheduled, daily trips to and from Dallas and Falls City; the , 40-minute, one-way trip cost 35 cents.
Willamette Industries was founded in Dallas in 1906. At that time the company name was Willamette Valley Lumber Company. Louis Gerlinger, Sr. was president of the new company and H. L. Pittock, vice president. George T. Gerlinger served as secretary and manager, and F. W. Leadbetter was treasurer. George Cone served as director and mill superintendent. In 1967, Willamette Valley Lumber and several others merged to become Willamette Industries.
In the early 21st century, this and other local businesses were taken over by others from outside, which eventually affected the local economy. In March 2002, Willamette Industries was officially acquired by Weyerhaeuser Company in a hostile takeover. In early 2009, Weyerhaeuser's Mill formally closed the Dallas operation. Similarly, Gerlinger Carrier Company in Dallas was taken over by Towmotor.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all of it land.
Climate
Dallas has a Mediterranean climate (Köppen Csb) with warm to very warm, dry summers with cool mornings, and cold, rainy winters. Occasionally frigid weather will reach the Willamette Valley due to very cold continental air from Canada being driven over the Cascades by a low-pressure system to the south, as occurred repeatedly in January 1950 when temperatures reached as low as on the 31st and of snow fell. However, snowfall is generally very rare, with an annual mean of and a median of zero.
Rainfall is generally heavy during the winter months, averaging over from November to February, when rain falls on around seventeen days in an average month, and on all but one day in November 1983. The wettest month has however been December 1996 with and the wettest “rain year” from July 1973 to June 1974 with . As with most of Oregon, the driest “rain year” was from July 1976 to June 1977 and saw only .
Spring arrives slowly with pleasant afternoon temperatures and less heavy rainfall by April, although showers are common until into June. High summer in July and August is very warm in the afternoon and generally dry, with no rain falling for 79 days between June 23 and September 9 of 1967, which saw the hottest month on record in August 1967 where the mean maximum was . Low humidity and pleasant mornings make this season comfortable, although airflows from the hot continent can bring spells of sweltering and arid weather, with reached on July 19 of 1956 and on August 8 of 1981. On average, eighteen afternoons will top but only two can expect to reach , while 62 mornings fall below freezing, but only two spells in January-February 1950 and December 1972 have ever seen temperatures as low as .
Demographics
The median income in 2000 for a household in the city was $35,967, and the median income for a family was $45,156. Males had a median income of $34,271 versus $22,941 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,734. About 7.8% of families and 9.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.2% of those under age 18 and 5.8% of those age 65 or over.
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 14,583 people, 5,747 households, and 3,952 families residing in the city. The population density was . There were 6,137 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 92.6% White, 0.2% African American, 2.0% Native American, 0.8% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 1.6% from other races, and 2.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 5.9% of the population.
There were 5,747 households, of which 32.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.8% were married couples living together, 12.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.6% had a male householder with no wife present, and 31.2% were non-families. 26.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.49 and the average family size was 2.98.
The median age in the city was 39.8 years. 25% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 23.3% were from 25 to 44; 24.8% were from 45 to 64; and 18.8% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.9% male and 52.1% female.
Media
The Polk County Itemizer-Observer is a weekly newspaper published in Dallas since 1875. KWIP (880 AM) is the only radio station currently licensed to the city.
Infrastructure
Dallas' only hospital is West Valley Hospital. Oregon Route 223 is the only state highway that serves the city.
Notable people
Jeri Ellsworth, self-taught computer chip designer
Darcy Fast, Major League Baseball pitcher for the Chicago Cubs
Carl Gerlinger, founder of Gerlinger Carrier Company
George T. Gerlinger, founder of Willamette Industries
Irene Hazard Gerlinger, first female regent of the University of Oregon
Louis Gerlinger, Sr., founder of the Salem, Falls City and Western Railway
Mark Hatfield, former Governor of Oregon; United States senator, 1967–1997
Johnny Kitzmiller, football player and College Football Hall of Fame member
Jordan Poyer, pro football strong safety for the Buffalo Bills
Johnnie Ray, 1950s singer and recording artist
See also
Dallas High School
Ellendale, Oregon
References
External links
City of Dallas Oregon
Entry for Dallas in the Oregon Blue Book
Dallas Area Chamber of Commerce
Cities in Oregon
County seats in Oregon
Cities in Polk County, Oregon
Salem, Oregon metropolitan area
Willamette Valley
1840s establishments in Oregon
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130926
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eola%2C%20Oregon
|
Eola, Oregon
|
Eola is an unincorporated community in Polk County, Oregon, United States four miles west of Salem on Oregon Route 22 at the confluence of Rickreall Creek and the Willamette River.
For statistical purposes, the United States Census Bureau has defined Eola as a census-designated place (CDP). The census definition of the area may not precisely correspond to local understanding of the area with the same name. The population of the CDP was 60 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Salem Metropolitan Statistical Area.
The Eola Hills rise north of the community and were named after it.
History
Eola was originally named Cincinnati in 1844 by settlers Joshua "Sheep" Shaw and his son, A. C. R. Shaw, who thought the site resembled Cincinnati, Ohio, where Joshua once lived. Joshua Shaw earned his nickname by being the first person to bring sheep overland to the Oregon Country via the Oregon Trail, also in 1844.
Cincinnati post office was established in 1851, the first stop on a 70-mile mail route that included Nathaniel Ford's home in Rickreall and Nesmith's Mills at Ellendale.
The Oregon Territorial Legislature incorporated the community with the name "Eola" in 1856. The name comes from Aeolus, Greek god of the winds, though the reason for the name change is disputed.
Cincinnati post office was also renamed. Eola post office ran until 1901 and was later reestablished from 1955 to 1965.
The first school in Eola (then Cincinnati) was built in 1853. Miss Abigail J. Scott, best known by her married name as the suffragist Abigail Scott Duniway, was the first teacher. The original school burned down and was replaced by a school at Second and Mill streets in 1858. This school served the community until 1937, and at the time was the oldest schoolhouse still in use in the state. In 1937, a new school was built using a Works Progress Administration grant. This building served as a public school facility until 2003. Today the building is used as a church.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , all of it land.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 49 people, 29 households, and 6 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 767.0 people per square mile (315.3/km2). There were 36 housing units at an average density of 563.5 per square mile (231.7/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 89.80% White, 8.16% from other races, and 2.04% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 8.16% of the population.
There were 29 households, out of which 3.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 20.7% were married couples living together, and 75.9% were non-families. 69.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.69 and the average family size was 3.14.
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 10.2% under the age of 18, 4.1% from 18 to 24, 26.5% from 25 to 44, 49.0% from 45 to 64, and 10.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 50 years. For every 100 females, there were 122.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 131.6 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $12,361 and the per capita income was $9,489. There were no families and 29.8% of the population living below the poverty line, including no people under eighteen and none of those over 64.
References
External links
Historic images of Eola from Salem Public Library
Reprint of Statesman Journal article on Eola
Modern image of Eola School from Discover Neighborhood History
Census-designated places in Oregon
Salem, Oregon metropolitan area
Ghost towns in Oregon
Unincorporated communities in Polk County, Oregon
1856 establishments in Oregon Territory
Populated places established in 1856
Census-designated places in Polk County, Oregon
Unincorporated communities in Oregon
Populated places on the Willamette River
|
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falls%20City%2C%20Oregon
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Falls City, Oregon
|
Falls City is a city in Polk County, Oregon, United States. The population was 947 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Salem Metropolitan Statistical Area.
History
It is part of the Dallas micropolitan statistical area. Falls City is named after a waterfall in the Little Luckiamute River that passes through the center of town. In the past it was a lumbermill town and once had three mills in operation, a bank, hotel, soda shop, jail, and several grocery stores and bars. It formerly supported a large logging population and other population centers in the hills of the Coast Range, such as the smaller lumber-based community of Black Rock and the company-owned mill town Valsetz.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all of it land.
Climate
The city of Falls City experiences warm and dry summers, and cold and wet winters, with no average monthly temperatures above . According to the Köppen Climate Classification, Falls City has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate, abbreviated Csb on climate maps.
Demographics
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 947 people, 366 households, and 261 families residing in the city. The population density was . There were 395 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 91.6% White, 0.1% African American, 2.3% Native American, 0.4% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 1.8% from other races, and 3.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.2% of the population.
There were 366 households, of which 30.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.4% were married couples living together, 10.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 6.6% had a male householder with no wife present, and 28.7% were non-families. 22.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.59 and the average family size was 2.98.
The median age in the city was 43.5 years. 22.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 21% were from 25 to 44; 31.9% were from 45 to 64; and 16.3% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 51.5% male and 48.5% female.
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 966 people, 338 households, and 255 families residing in the city. The population density was 785.2 people per square mile (303.2/km2). There were 373 housing units at an average density of 303.2 per square mile (117.1/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 92.86% White, 0.93% African American, 1.66% Native American, 0.10% Asian, 0.21% Pacific Islander, 1.04% from other races, and 3.21% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.62% of the population.
There were 338 households, out of which 35.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.3% were married couples living together, 13.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.3% were non-families. 19.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.86 and the average family size was 3.25.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 31.0% under the age of 18, 5.5% from 18 to 24, 26.7% from 25 to 44, 22.4% from 45 to 64, and 14.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.4 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $32,461, and the median income for a family was $36,528. Males had a median income of $31,827 versus $26,429 for females. The per capita income for the city was $13,858. About 11.6% of families and 15.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.5% of those under age 18 and 9.0% of those age 65 or over.
References
External links
Entry for Falls City in the Oregon Blue Book
Cities in Oregon
Cities in Polk County, Oregon
Salem, Oregon metropolitan area
1893 establishments in Oregon
Populated places established in 1893
Logging communities in the United States
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] |
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand%20Ronde%2C%20Oregon
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Grand Ronde, Oregon
|
Grand Ronde is a census-designated place (CDP) and unincorporated community in Polk and Yamhill counties, Oregon, United States. Historically noted as a village in Polk County, the sphere of influence and community is in both Polk and Yamhill counties. The name of the community is a variation of the French Grande Ronde or "Grand Round" which could be in reference to the large round up of Native Americans peoples in the area who were settled on what was known as the Grand Ronde Indian Reservation, or possibly referencing the shape of the valley in which the community is located. As of the census of 2010, there were 1,661 people in 658 households are residing in Grand Ronde. It is part of the Salem Metropolitan Statistical Area.
History
On January 4, 1855, a treaty between the various bands of Kalapuyans and Oregon Superintendent of Indian Affairs Joel Palmer was effected, calling for the various bands to remove to a reservation to be established by the government. For this purpose the Grand Ronde Indian Reservation was opened on June 30, 1857, covering 60,000 acres in northwest Polk and southwest Yamhill counties. A census conducted in 1870 reported only 47 Yamels and 36 Luckiamutes on the reservation; in 1910 the Yamels numbered five, the Luckiamutes, eight. By the end of the historic period the Kalapuyan people no longer existed as a distinct cultural-racial entity.
According to a Cultural Resources Report from the Oregon Department of transportation, the town of Grand Ronde began as "New Grand Ronde" in about 1908 when the first large groups of Indians were leaving the Reservation and establishing their own farms and ranches under the Dawes Act. In 1921, International Harvester laid out a town site. In 1922 the company built nine miles of track from Willamina to Grand Ronde, calling it the Willamina and Grand Ronde Railroad. The short railroad connected the area with the Southern Pacific railroad at Willamina. The railroad helped the timber industry to flourish and made it possible for lumber mills to grow and to dominate the economy of the area. Grand Ronde became the center of support services for mill workers and a train depot, store, hotel, movie theater, diner, gas station, bank, post office, church and a small residential area were built.
The Spaulding-Miami Lumber Company created and owned the town proper in the early 1920s as part of its logging operations. A rail line and several related buildings were built as well as a hotel. A spur of the railroad headed south out of the town across Rock Creek and into the coastal range. Electricity was brought to the town in 1922 according to the Lumber World Review, Volume 42, published in January 1922.
The Confederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde Community own and operate Spirit Mountain Casino, which is a major local employer. In 1997, the casino created the Spirit Mountain Community Fund, which supports a number of charities both within Polk County and throughout Oregon from the casino's gambling revenue. In January 2010, the CDP was expanded to include areas located inside Yamhill County.
There was quite a bit of communication about the name of the town going back and forth between the Oregon Geographic board and the United States Geographic Board starting in 1919. Initially the State was calling for the town to be officially named "Grande Ronde" using the typical French spelling, (possibly due to the history of French Canadian fur trapping in the area via the Hudson Bay Company), though through research and correspondence lasting into the early 1940s, the name as spelled currently, "Grand Ronde", was made official.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , all of it land. The community is located above sea-level.
This area is considered to be in Eco Sub-Region 3c by data published by Oregon State University and is described as "The nearly level to undulating Prairie Terraces ecoregion includes all of the terraces of the Willamette River upstream of the Portland/Vancouver Basin (3a). Ecoregion 3c is drained by low-gradient, meandering streams and rivers. Its broad fluvial terraces once supported oak savanna and prairies that were maintained by burning; wetter areas supported Oregon ash and black cottonwood. Today, only relict native prairie remain. The poorly drained soils derived from glacio-lacustrine deposits are extensively farmed for grass seed and small grains. Grasses tolerate poor drainage and poor rooting conditions better than other crops. In addition to agriculture, the Prairie Terraces also experience the bulk of urban expansion"
Climate
The overall climate of Grand Ronde can be considered temperate climate. This is characteristic of areas with wet, mild winters and warm, dry summers.
Grand Ronde is located in the Oregon Coast Range, which is one of the wettest places in the contiguous United States. Precipitation data has been gathered in Grand Ronde sporadically since 1910 and continuously since 1948. That data shows the average annual precipitation from 1971 to 2000 to be .
In contrast, rainfall in Willamina, approximately away, is . Additionally, precipitation at Laurel Mountain, located about to the southeast and further up in the Oregon Coast Range, comes down at an average rate of per year.
Demographics
As of the census of 2010, there were 1,661 people in 658 households are residing in Grand Ronde
As of the census of 2000, there were 271 people, 113 households, and 61 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 413.8 people per square mile (161.0/km2). There were 140 housing units at an average density of 213.8 per square mile (83.2/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 67.16% White, 25.83% Native American, 2.95% Asian, 0.37% from other races, and 3.69% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.11% of the population.
There were 113 households, out of which 29.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 31.0% were married couples living together, 14.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 46.0% were non-families. 36.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.40 and the average family size was 3.07.
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 28.8% under the age of 18, 8.5% from 18 to 24, 29.9% from 25 to 44, 25.8% from 45 to 64, and 7.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 111.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 107.5 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $23,929, and the median income for a family was $20,139. Males had a median income of $19,722 versus $21,583 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $13,538. None of the families and 19.1% of the population were living below the poverty line.
References
Unincorporated communities in Polk County, Oregon
Census-designated places in Oregon
Salem, Oregon metropolitan area
Census-designated places in Polk County, Oregon
Census-designated places in Yamhill County, Oregon
Unincorporated communities in Oregon
Unincorporated communities in Yamhill County, Oregon
Company towns in Oregon
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independence%2C%20Oregon
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Independence, Oregon
|
Independence is a city in Polk County, Oregon, United States, on the west bank of the Willamette River along Oregon Route 51, and east of nearby Monmouth. It is part of the Salem Metropolitan Statistical Area. Thirty square blocks of the oldest part of Independence form the National Register of Historic Places-listed Independence Historic District.
The population was 8,590 at the 2010 census.
History
Independence was founded by pioneers who migrated from Independence, Missouri. Elvin A. Thorp arrived in the Independence area in 1845 and staked a claim north of Ash Creek in June of that year. He platted a small townsite that later became known as "Thorp's Town of Independence" or the "Original Town of Independence", now known as "Old Town". Thorp named the town for his eponymous hometown in Missouri, as well as in honor of Andrew Jackson's characteristic of "Independence".
In 1847, Henry Hill came across the plains looking for a level piece of ground on which to raise stock. On November 14, 1847, he found his location on the west bank of the Willamette River (south of Ash Street) and marked off his donation land claim, which was square. In 1867, after returning from the California gold mines, Hill platted for a townsite, thereafter to be referred to as Henry Hill's Town of Independence. The city charter bill of February 26, 1885, incorporated E.A. Thorp's Independence and Henry Hill's Independence. Henry Hill Elementary School was named in honor of the latter.
Independence thrived as a shipping point, by both rail and boat, for agricultural products and lumber until the 1950s. The city was known for its hops production from the 1890s through the 1940s, hosting a festival called the "Hops Fiesta" from the early 1930s to the mid-1950s. When hop production began to decline in the early 1950s, the city's fortunes also began to decline.
Downtown Independence was bypassed by major freeways in the 1960s, though the period saw an alternative form of transportation enabled by the construction of the Independence State Airport, which was dedicated on August 14, 1964.
Geography
Independence is located at . According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which is land and is water. Ash Creek flows through Independence, where it meets the Willamette River.
Demographics
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 8,590 people, 2,857 households, and 2,021 families residing in the city. The population density was . There were 3,168 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 73.3% White, 0.4% African American, 1.8% Native American, 1.2% Asian, 0.2% Pacific Islander, 19.1% from other races, and 4.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 35.3% of the population.
There were 2,857 households, of which 42.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.6% were married couples living together, 12.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 6.5% had a male householder with no wife present, and 29.3% were non-families. 18.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.99 and the average family size was 3.45.
The median age in the city was 28.3 years. 30.5% of residents were under the age of 18; 13.9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 27.3% were from 25 to 44; 19.5% were from 45 to 64; and 8.7% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 50.4% male and 49.6% female.
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 6,035 people, 1,994 households, and 1,425 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,585.8 people per square mile (1,000.1/km2). There were 2,131 housing units at an average density of 913.1 per square mile (353.1/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 73.69% White, 1.49% Native American, 0.58% Asian, 0.41% African American, 0.36% Pacific Islander, 19.64% from other races, and 3.83% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 30.12% of the population.
There were 1,994 households, out of which 38.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.0% were married couples living together, 14.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.5% were non-families. 18.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.98 and the average family size was 3.41.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 30.5% under the age of 18, 14.1% from 18 to 24, 26.4% from 25 to 44, 20.1% from 45 to 64, and 9.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 29 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.5 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $36,790, and the median income for a family was $40,466. Males had a median income of $30,253 versus $22,527 for females. The per capita income for the city was $13,933. About 14.6% of families and 16.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22.5% of those under age 18 and 7.4% of those age 65 or over.
Education
Independence shares a school district (Central School District) with Monmouth. Two elementary schools (Henry Hill and Independence), a middle school (Talmadge), and a high school (Central) are shared between the two cities.
References
External links
Entry for Independence in the Oregon Blue Book
Photographs of Independence by Dorothea Lange from the Library of Congress
Home page for Independence, Oregon at https://www.ci.independence.or.us/
Cities in Oregon
Cities in Polk County, Oregon
Populated places established in 1874
Salem, Oregon metropolitan area
1874 establishments in Oregon
Populated places on the Willamette River
|
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monmouth%2C%20Oregon
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Monmouth, Oregon
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Monmouth () is a city in Polk County in the U.S. state of Oregon. It was named for Monmouth, Illinois, the origin of its earliest settlers. The population is 9,534 at the 2010 Census and it is part of the Salem Metropolitan Statistical Area.
History
Monmouth was settled in 1853 by a group of pioneers who allocated to build both a city and a "college under the auspices of the Christian Church", and proceeds from the sale of these lands were used to found Monmouth University, currently known as Western Oregon University.
For decades, Monmouth was a dry town that banned the sale of alcoholic beverages in supermarkets, restaurants and bars. Monmouth's status as the last dry town in Oregon was ended by a popular vote in the November 2002 election.
Prohibition
Monmouth was settled by Elijah Davidson and his family. Originally a member of the Christian Church of Cameron (Monmouth, Illinois), Davidson was a devout advocate of prohibition. In 1852, sixty-three-year-old Elijah Davidson and his family set out for Oregon Territory. By 1854, more than a dozen Disciples families from Monmouth, many of them related to each other or to Davidson, had joined him. In February 1859, Davidson and other trustees efforts to prohibit the importation, exportation, sale, and consumption of alcohol in Monmouth became a reality. One of the main arguments Davidson and his fellow religious supporters used to push prohibition legislation was, "to enable them to suppress and prevent nuisances, to render the possession of life and property more secure, [and] to enable them to improve and embellish the streets of the town."
Despite the efforts of certain merchants to repeal prohibition in Monmouth throughout its history, their efforts proved fruitless. What was most important to the local religious community was to keep prohibition for the betterment of the social order of Monmouth. Although opponents raised religious, moral, economic, and quality-of-life arguments similar to those preached during the nineteenth century, they also brought two new arguments to center stage: the historic nature of Monmouth's prohibition and the uniqueness that local prohibition brought to the town.
Eventually support for the prohibition ordinance started to wear thin throughout the community of Monmouth. Although die-hard supporters of prohibition continued to fight the inevitable, there were signs that it was starting to become more and more detrimental to the social and economic aspects of the community. Some claim that prohibition had reduced property values, others that it restricted development of the business sector in town. Opponents of repeal brought forth many arguments for staying dry, including initiating one rumor that the land donated so long ago for the site of the University would revert to the heirs of the donors if the ordinance was repealed, resulting in a huge cost to the state to repurchase it.
After failing by a nearly 5 to 1 margin in the early 1970s, repeal was passed by the voters in November 2002, and Monmouth ended its long tenure as the last dry town on the west coast.
Geography
Monmouth is about west of Salem on Oregon Route 99W. It lies in the Ash Creek watershed, slightly west of the Willamette River.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all of it land.
Demographics
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 9,534 people, 3,247 households, and 1,769 families living in the city. The population density was . There were 3,450 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 82.8% White, 1.1% African American, 1.5% Native American, 3.3% Asian, 0.6% Pacific Islander, 6.6% from other races, and 4.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 13.4% of the population.
There were 3,247 households, of which 26.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.8% were married couples living together, 9.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 45.5% were non-families. 23.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.52 and the average family size was 3.07.
The median age in the city was 23.7 years. 18.2% of residents were under the age of 18; 34.9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 20.8% were from 25 to 44; 16.8% were from 45 to 64; and 9.4% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.9% male and 52.1% female.
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 7,741 people, 2,757 households, and 1,488 families living in the city. The population density was 4,004.3 people per square mile (1,548.6/km). There were 2,934 housing units at an average density of 1,517.7 per square mile (587.0/km). The racial makeup of the city was 85.67% White, 0.92% African American, 1.05% Native American, 2.04% Asian, 0.74% Pacific Islander, 6.21% from other races, and 3.37% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 9.73% of the population.
There were 2,757 households, out of which 26.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.7% were married couples living together, 9.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 46.0% were non-families. 24.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.50 and the average family size was 3.03.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 19.5% under the age of 18, 35.9% from 18 to 24, 21.2% from 25 to 44, 14.5% from 45 to 64, and 8.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 23 years. For every 100 females, there were 86.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 81.3 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $32,256, and the median income for a family was $48,600. Males had a median income of $33,500 versus $25,185 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,474. About 7.1% of families and 24.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.1% of those under age 18 and 5.6% of those age 65 or over.
Education
Monmouth is served by the Central School District and is the home of Western Oregon University.
The only public high school serving the town is Central High School, located in the nearby town of Independence.
Talmadge Middle School is the only middle school feeding CHS, and is located just down the street, in Independence.
Elementary schools include Ash Creek Elementary School and Monmouth Elementary School, but there is one other in Independence.
See also
Bethel, Polk County, Oregon
Monmouth Business Association
References
Further reading
Scott McArthur, Monmouth, Oregon: the Saga of a Small American Town. Rickreall, Oregon: Polk County History Museum, 2004.
Edna Mingus, Monmouth, 'The Growth of an Idea,' 1856-1956. Salem, OR: Johnson & Siewert, n.d. [1956].
External links
https://sos.oregon.gov/blue-book/Pages/local/cities/l-r/monmouth.aspx Entry for Monmouth] in the Oregon Blue Book
Historic photos of Monmouth from Salem Public Library
Religious history of Monmouth from Northwest College of the Bible
Cities in Oregon
Populated places established in 1853
Salem, Oregon metropolitan area
Cities in Polk County, Oregon
1853 establishments in Oregon Territory
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130932
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rickreall%2C%20Oregon
|
Rickreall, Oregon
|
Rickreall ( ) is an unincorporated community in Polk County, Oregon, United States. For statistical purposes, the United States Census Bureau has defined Rickreall as a census-designated place (CDP). The census definition of the area may not precisely correspond to local understanding of the area with the same name. The population of the CDP was 57 at the 2000 census. Rickreall is part of the Salem Metropolitan Statistical Area. Rickreall Creek runs along the community's southern edge.
History
"Rickreal" post office was established in 1851 with Nathaniel Ford as postmaster. It was discontinued in 1857, but reestablished in 1866 with the spelling "Rickreall". Ford was again postmaster. The office has continued to operate to the present day. Rickreall was often referred to as Dixie during the Civil War and for some time after, because of the Southern sympathies of the local populace. Dixie was never the official name of the community or the post office.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , all of it land.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 57 people, 26 households, and 17 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 335.6 people per square mile (129.5/km2). There were 26 housing units at an average density of 153.1 per square mile (59.1/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 98.25% White, and 1.75% from two or more races.
There were 26 households, out of which 19.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.7% were married couples living together, 7.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.8% were non-families. 23.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.19 and the average family size was 2.56.
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 15.8% under the age of 18, 1.8% from 18 to 24, 24.6% from 25 to 44, 38.6% from 45 to 64, and 19.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 50 years. For every 100 females, there were 83.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 71.4 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $27,222, and the median income for a family was $26,389. Males had a median income of $41,250 versus $21,250 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $12,846. None of the population and none of the families were below the poverty line.
Education
The Jefferson Institute, located a mile west of the Nathaniel Ford house, was founded in 1846; it closed sometime in the 1850s.
Later there were two elementary schools in the Rickreall School District. One was Oak Grove Elementary, east of the community, and the other was Rickreall Elementary. In 2003, Rickreall Elementary was shut down by the Dallas School District, and the school building was leased to Our Jubilee Church and Academy. Students who were attending Rickreall Elementary were sent to Whitworth Elementary in Dallas. As of 2007, the church ended their lease on the Rickreall Elementary building. Oak Grove Elementary closed in the fall of 2005.
Utilities
Water service for the Rickreall area is provided by Rickreall Community Water Association, a non-profit water association serving approximately 525 homes, 64 businesses, and 2 schools in the greater Rickreall area.
References
External links
Census-designated places in Oregon
Salem, Oregon metropolitan area
Unincorporated communities in Polk County, Oregon
1851 establishments in Oregon Territory
Populated places established in 1851
Census-designated places in Polk County, Oregon
Unincorporated communities in Oregon
|
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130933
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biggs%20Junction%2C%20Oregon
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Biggs Junction, Oregon
|
Biggs Junction is an unincorporated community in Sherman County, Oregon, United States. For statistical purposes, the United States Census Bureau has defined Biggs Junction as a census-designated place (CDP). The census definition of the area may not precisely correspond to local understanding of the area with the same name.
Biggs Junction is located on the south side of the Columbia River at the junction of Interstate 84/U.S. 30 and U.S. 97 where it crosses the Sam Hill Memorial Bridge over the river from Washington. The population was 22 at the 2010 census.
History
Biggs is a station on the Union Pacific Railroad (UP) at what was once a junction with the UP's Grass Valley line to Kent that has since been abandoned. Biggs was named for a nearby landowner, W. H. Biggs, who settled in Sherman County in 1880. W. H. Biggs was born on May 12, 1831; he was from Ohio. The rail line was originally owned by the Oregon Railway and Navigation Company (OR&N). In 1885 the OR&N station at Biggs was called Spanish Hollow, after the canyon that opens on the river there. The canyon was said to be named because a Spanish ox died there in the days of the Oregon Trail, which runs parallel to U.S. 97. Biggs is where travelers on the Oregon Trail would first see the Columbia River after their overland journey. The current community of Biggs Junction was named for the station, which is less than a mile west of the current junction, and its location at the intersection of I-84 and U.S. 97. Biggs post office was established in 1884 and closed in 1954.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , all land.
Biggs Junction is across the Columbia River from Maryhill, Washington.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 50 people, 20 households, and 12 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 59.6 people per square mile (23.0/km2). There were 22 housing units at an average density of 26.2 per square mile (10.1/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 68.00% White, 6.00% Asian, 26.00% from other races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 26.00% of the population.
There were 20 households, out of which 25.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.0% were married couples living together, and 40.0% were non-families. 40.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.50 and the average family size was 3.50.
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 24.0% under the age of 18, 10.0% from 18 to 24, 26.0% from 25 to 44, 30.0% from 45 to 64, and 10.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 85.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.0 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $19,167, and the median income for a family was $66,250. Males had a median income of $40,750 versus $18,750 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $19,532. Some 21.4% of families and 22.5% of the population were living below the poverty line, including no one under eighteen and none of those over 64.
Economy
The community's major business is that of a rest and refueling stop for traffic along the two major highways. It is one of the largest truck stops on the Oregon section of I-84.
Biggs Junction is an important wheat shipping point, with grain storage elevators and facilities for shipping wheat by river barge and rail.
The Biggs Junction area is known for being a source and the point of discovery of Biggs jasper, a semi-precious gemstone. The jasper was originally used by the local Native Americans and was rediscovered in 1964 during the building of I-84 by road crews who were helping rebuild local bridges after the Christmas flood of that year.
See also
Columbia Southern Railway
References
External links
Historic images of Biggs Junction from the Salem Public Library
Images of Biggs Junction from Flickr
Biggs Junction to Madras Corridor Plan from the Oregon Department of Transportation
Census-designated places in Oregon
Columbia River Gorge
Unincorporated communities in Sherman County, Oregon
1884 establishments in Oregon
Populated places established in 1884
Census-designated places in Sherman County, Oregon
Unincorporated communities in Oregon
|
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130934
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grass%20Valley%2C%20Oregon
|
Grass Valley, Oregon
|
Grass Valley is a city in Sherman County, Oregon, United States. The population was 164 at the 2010 census.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all of it land.
Demographics
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 164 people, 74 households, and 47 families living in the city. The population density was . There were 92 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 97.0% White, 0.6% Native American, 0.6% from other races, and 1.8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.0% of the population.
There were 74 households, of which 23.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.3% were married couples living together, 14.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 1.4% had a male householder with no wife present, and 36.5% were non-families. 29.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 20.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.22 and the average family size was 2.74.
The median age in the city was 52 years. 21.3% of residents were under the age of 18; 2.4% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 18.2% were from 25 to 44; 29.3% were from 45 to 64; and 28.7% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 45.7% male and 54.3% female.
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 171 people, 75 households, and 47 families living in the city. The population density was 335.3 people per square mile (124.6/km2). There were 93 housing units at an average density of 175.9 per square mile (67.8/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 95.32% White, 2.34% Native American, 1.17% Asian, and 1.17% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.51% of the population.
There were 75 households, out of which 26.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.3% were married couples living together, 12.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.3% were non-families. 34.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 22.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.28 and the average family size was 2.96.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 24.0% under the age of 18, 5.8% from 18 to 24, 22.2% from 25 to 44, 21.6% from 45 to 64, and 26.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 80.6 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $25,417, and the median income for a family was $31,250. Males had a median income of $41,250 versus $30,417 for females. The per capita income for the city was $13,843. About 6.0% of families and 13.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 31.0% of those under the age of eighteen and 9.5% of those 65 or over.
Points of interest
Oregon Raceway Park is a 2.3-mile dedicated road course facility just east of the town that hosts competitive automobile, kart and motorcycle events.
References
External links
Entry for Grass Valley in the Oregon Blue Book
Profile of Grass Valley from Sherman County
Historic photos of Grass Valley from Salem Public Library
Cities in Oregon
Cities in Sherman County, Oregon
1901 establishments in Oregon
Populated places established in 1901
|
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130935
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moro%2C%20Oregon
|
Moro, Oregon
|
Moro is a city in Sherman County, Oregon, United States. The population was 324 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Sherman County (the smallest county seat in Oregon). Moro was incorporated on February 17, 1899, by the Oregon Legislative Assembly. It was named for Moro, Illinois.
Geography and climate
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all of it land.
Moro has a Mediterranean climate (Köppen Csb) with hot, dry summers with cool mornings, and chilly, wetter winters. During the summer, afternoons are very warm to hot and generally very clear: the median rainfall is only in August and in July, and more than one-fifth of months in this period have no more than a trace of rain. Between June 15 and September 18 of 1932 there were ninety-six days without even a trace of rainfall. Temperatures will reach on an average of twenty afternoons, though can be expected only twice each year. The hottest temperature on record has been on July 27 of 1939. Summer mornings are comfortable: as early as August 29, 1980 temperatures of were reported. Winters are cold if not usually severe: maxima top freezing on all but twenty afternoons and only two mornings each winter will fall to or below , with the coldest temperature being on January 26 and 27 of 1957, and the coldest maximum temperature on December 31, 1968. By the middle of spring afternoon temperatures are typically extremely pleasant at around , but mornings remain chilly well into spring and the last freeze can be expected around May 7.
Precipitation is very low due to the rain shadow of the Cascades and the valley location, being around lower than even the driest areas in the Olympic rain shadow like Sequim. The wettest month on record has been December 1964 with , but no other month has passed . The wettest "rain year" has been from July 1947 to June 1948 with and the driest from July 1967 to June 1968 with , whilst he most precipitation in one day has been on January 9, 1953.
Snowfall averages , but varies greatly between years: in January 1950 fell and led to a total of for the full season, but in many years there is little snow – there was only a trace of snowfall between July 1957 and June 1958, only between July 2002 and June 2003, and between July 1976 and June 1977.
Demographics
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 324 people, 149 households, and 86 families residing in the city. The population density was . There were 163 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 92.6% White, 3.1% Native American, 2.8% from other races, and 1.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 4.0% of the population.
There were 149 households, of which 21.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.7% were married couples living together, 8.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 2.0% had a male householder with no wife present, and 42.3% were non-families. 36.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.17 and the average family size was 2.85.
The median age in the city was 48.1 years. 19.4% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.1% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 17.7% were from 25 to 44; 30.3% were from 45 to 64; and 25.6% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.2% male and 52.8% female.
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 337 people, 133 households, and 94 families residing in the city. The population density was 696.4 people per square mile (271.1/km). There were 150 housing units at an average density of 310.0 per square mile (120.7/km). The racial makeup of the city was 92.58% White, 1.19% African American, 1.19% Native American, 0.30% Asian, 3.26% from other races, and 1.48% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 5.34% of the population.
There were 133 households, out of which 35.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.6% were married couples living together, 15.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.3% were non-families. 27.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.53 and the average family size was 3.10.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 30.9% under the age of 18, 6.5% from 18 to 24, 22.3% from 25 to 44, 23.1% from 45 to 64, and 17.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.2 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $35,625, and the median income for a family was $40,625. Males had a median income of $35,313 versus $15,417 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,887. About 14.7% of families and 16.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19.0% of those under age 18 and 9.8% of those age 65 or over.
References
External links
Listing for Moro in the Oregon Blue Book
Profile of Moro from Sherman County
Cities in Oregon
County seats in Oregon
Cities in Sherman County, Oregon
1899 establishments in Oregon
Populated places established in 1899
|
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130936
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rufus%2C%20Oregon
|
Rufus, Oregon
|
Rufus is a city in Sherman County, Oregon, United States. The population was 249 at the 2010 census. The city was named for an early settler, Rufus Carrol Wallis.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which, is land and is water.
Climate
This region experiences warm (but not hot) and dry summers, with no average monthly temperatures above 71.6 °F. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Rufus has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate, abbreviated "Csb" on climate maps.
Demographics
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 249 people, 115 households, and 65 families living in the city. The population density was . There were 141 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 89.2% White, 5.2% Native American, 5.2% from other races, and 0.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 13.3% of the population.
There were 115 households, of which 19.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.1% were married couples living together, 4.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 6.1% had a male householder with no wife present, and 43.5% were non-families. 38.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.17 and the average family size was 2.89.
The median age in the city was 51.1 years. 16.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.3% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 16.8% were from 25 to 44; 34.8% were from 45 to 64; and 24.9% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 52.6% male and 47.4% female.
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 268 people, 133 households, and 82 families living in the city. The population density was 224.3 people per square mile (86.2/km). There were 162 housing units at an average density of 135.6 per square mile (52.1/km). The racial makeup of the city was 91.04% White, 3.36% Native American, 0.37% Asian, 3.73% from other races, and 1.49% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.72% of the population.
There were 133 households, out of which 15.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.6% were married couples living together, 4.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.3% were non-families. 35.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.02 and the average family size was 2.52.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 14.9% under the age of 18, 7.5% from 18 to 24, 19.8% from 25 to 44, 31.3% from 45 to 64, and 26.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 50 years. For every 100 females, there were 112.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 117.1 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $26,875, and the median income for a family was $29,688. Males had a median income of $28,500 versus $21,250 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,801. About 11.5% of families and 13.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 27.8% of those under the age of eighteen and 2.6% of those 65 or over.
References
External links
Entry for Rufus in the Oregon Blue Book
Cities in Oregon
Cities in Sherman County, Oregon
Oregon populated places on the Columbia River
1965 establishments in Oregon
|
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130937
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wasco%2C%20Oregon
|
Wasco, Oregon
|
Wasco is a city in Sherman County, Oregon, United States. The population was 410 at the 2010 census.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all land.
Wascoite, a type of white clay-based mineral found near Biggs jasper, is locally named for Wasco.
Climate
This region experiences warm (but not hot) and dry summers, with no average monthly temperatures above 71.6 °F. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Wasco has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate, abbreviated "Csb" on climate maps.
Demographics
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 410 people, 182 households, and 111 families living in the city. The population density was . There were 208 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 95.6% White, 0.5% African American, 0.7% Native American, 0.2% Asian, 0.2% Pacific Islander, 1.5% from other races, and 1.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 2.0% of the population.
There were 182 households, of which 20.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.5% were married couples living together, 8.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 39.0% were non-families. 31.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.25 and the average family size was 2.80.
The median age in the city was 50.2 years. 18% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 18.3% were from 25 to 44; 31.9% were from 45 to 64; and 23.9% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 51.5% male and 48.5% female.
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 381 people, 168 households, and 110 families living in the city. The population density was 394.5 people per square mile (151.7/km). There were 196 housing units at an average density of 202.9 per square mile (78.0/km). The racial makeup of the city was 94.23% White, 2.36% Native American, 0.26% Asian, 0.26% from other races, and 2.89% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 3.41% of the population.
There were 168 households, out of which 25.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.5% were married couples living together, 4.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.5% were non-families. 29.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.27 and the average family size was 2.73.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 23.1% under the age of 18, 4.2% from 18 to 24, 22.0% from 25 to 44, 28.3% from 45 to 64, and 22.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 45 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 103.5 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $35,917, and the median income for a family was $39,375. Males had a median income of $30,500 versus $21,875 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,917. About 7.0% of families and 11.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.9% of those under age 18 and 9.0% of those age 65 or over.
Transportation
Wasco State Airport
References
External links
Entry for Wasco in the Oregon Blue Book
Cities in Oregon
Cities in Sherman County, Oregon
1901 establishments in Oregon
Populated places established in 1901
|
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130938
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bay%20City%2C%20Oregon
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Bay City, Oregon
|
Bay City is a city in Tillamook County, Oregon, United States. The population was 1,286 at the 2010 census.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which is land and is water.
Climate
This region experiences warm (but not hot) and dry summers, with no average monthly temperatures above 71.6 °F. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Bay City has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate, abbreviated "Csb" on climate maps.
Demographics
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 1,286 people, 546 households, and 352 families living in the city. The population density was . There were 650 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 92.7% White, 0.8% Native American, 0.9% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 3.3% from other races, and 2.3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.7% of the population.
There were 546 households, of which 24.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.5% were married couples living together, 7.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.5% had a male householder with no wife present, and 35.5% were non-families. 24.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.36 and the average family size was 2.80.
The median age in the city was 46.5 years. 19.4% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.1% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 22.4% were from 25 to 44; 30.3% were from 45 to 64; and 21.2% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 50.9% male and 49.1% female.
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,149 people, 493 households, and 336 families living in the city. The population density was 903.4 people per square mile (349.3/km2). There were 579 housing units at an average density of 455.2 per square mile (176.0/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 93.73% White, 0.44% African American, 1.74% Native American, 0.70% Asian, 0.17% Pacific Islander, 0.87% from other races, and 2.35% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.13% of the population.
There were 493 households, out of which 24.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.6% were married couples living together, 6.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.8% were non-families. 26.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.33 and the average family size was 2.81.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 20.3% under the age of 18, 6.6% from 18 to 24, 26.5% from 25 to 44, 27.5% from 45 to 64, and 19.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.7 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $33,375, and the median income for a family was $41,563. Males had a median income of $33,558 versus $21,827 for females. The per capita income for the city was $18,731. About 9.1% of families and 12.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.2% of those under age 18 and 8.4% of those age 65 or over.
Arts and culture
The Bay City Arts Center is a non-profit organization that supports arts programs and events.
Notable people
Nellie Owens, one of three people upon whom the character of Nellie Oleson from Little House on the Prairie was based, lived here with her husband and children.
References
External links
Entry for Bay City in the Oregon Blue Book
Cities in Oregon
Populated coastal places in Oregon
Cities in Tillamook County, Oregon
1910 establishments in Oregon
Populated places established in 1910
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] |
130939
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beaver%2C%20Oregon
|
Beaver, Oregon
|
Beaver is an unincorporated community in Tillamook County, Oregon, United States, along U.S. Route 101 and the Nestucca River, about south of Tillamook. For statistical purposes, the United States Census Bureau has defined Beaver as a census-designated place (CDP). The census definition of the area may not precisely correspond to local understanding of the area with the same name. The population of the CDP was 122 at the 2010 census.
History
Beaver post office was established in 1889. The American beaver was important to the early economy of the Oregon Country, and numerous places were named for the industrious rodent. The pioneers of Oregon associated the beaver's industry with the growth of their new home.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , all of it land.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 145 people, 60 households, and 43 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 365.1 people per square mile (140.0/km2). There were 73 housing units at an average density of 183.8 per square mile (70.5/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 93.10% White, 1.38% Native American, and 5.52% from two or more races.
There were 60 households, out of which 33.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.7% were married couples living together, 13.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.7% were non-families. 23.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.42 and the average family size was 2.84.
In the CDP, the population dispersal was 25.5% under the age of 18, 5.5% from 18 to 24, 23.4% from 25 to 44, 29.0% from 45 to 64, and 16.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.9 males. The median income for a household in the CDP was $34,286, and the median income for a family was $38,542. Males had a median income of $21,250 versus $13,750 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $17,284. None of the families and 7.9% of the population lived below the poverty line, including none under 18 and 26.1% of those over 64.
Education
Beaver is served by the Nestucca Valley School District. At one time, it was the home of an elementary school and district's middle school, but both are now closed.
Parks and recreation
Munson Creek Falls, the tallest waterfall in the Oregon Coast Range, is in the Munson Creek Falls State Natural Site near Beaver.
References
External links
Nestucca Valley Middle School Heritage Project
Census-designated places in Oregon
Unincorporated communities in Tillamook County, Oregon
1889 establishments in Oregon
Populated places established in 1889
Census-designated places in Tillamook County, Oregon
Unincorporated communities in Oregon
|
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130940
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape%20Meares%2C%20Oregon
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Cape Meares, Oregon
|
Cape Meares is a census-designated place (CDP) and unincorporated community in Tillamook County, Oregon, United States. The population was 110 at the 2000 census.
The community is named after the natural feature of the same name, which in turn was named after John Meares, a British explorer. The Bayocean post office was briefly renamed "Cape Meares" in 1953 but closed the next year.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , of which, of it is land and of it (8.39%) is water. The area is located above sea-level.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 110 people, 63 households, and 34 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 38.8 people per square mile (15.0/km2). There were 156 housing units at an average density of 55.0 per square mile (21.2/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 89.09% White, 3.64% Native American, 0.91% from other races, and 6.36% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.82% of the population.
There were 63 households, out of which 9.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.0% were married couples living together, 6.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 46.0% were non-families. 39.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.75 and the average family size was 2.26.
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 10.0% under the age of 18, 2.7% from 18 to 24, 9.1% from 25 to 44, 48.2% from 45 to 64, and 30.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 57 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.0 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $26,346, and the median income for a family was $31,250. Males had a median income of $0 versus $61,250 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $26,635. There were 31.3% of families and 30.6% of the population living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and none of those over 64.
References
Unincorporated communities in Tillamook County, Oregon
Census-designated places in Oregon
1953 establishments in Oregon
Census-designated places in Tillamook County, Oregon
Unincorporated communities in Oregon
Populated coastal places in Oregon
|
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] |
130941
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloverdale%2C%20Oregon
|
Cloverdale, Oregon
|
Cloverdale is an unincorporated community in Tillamook County, Oregon, United States. For statistical purposes, the United States Census Bureau has defined Cloverdale as a census-designated place (CDP). The census definition of the area may not precisely correspond to local understanding of the area with the same name. The population was 242 at the 2000 census.
History
Cloverdale was founded and named by Charles Ray, who settled in Tillamook County around 1884 at the site that later became the town. He later established a store, hotel, bank, and cheese factory. A post office was established in 1899.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , all of it land.
Climate
This region experiences cool and dry summers and mild, very wet winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Cloverdale has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate, abbreviated Csb on climate maps.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 242 people, 93 households, and 70 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 301.7 people per square mile (116.8/km2). There were 106 housing units at an average density of 132.2 per square mile (51.2/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 97.52% White, 0.41% African American, 1.24% Native American, and 0.83% from two or more races.
There were 93 households, out of which 26.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.3% were married couples living together, 7.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.7% were non-families. 17.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.60 and the average family size was 2.80.
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 21.5% under the age of 18, 7.4% from 18 to 24, 22.3% from 25 to 44, 33.9% from 45 to 64, and 14.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.9 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $50,568, and the median income for a family was $52,386. Males had a median income of $19,107 versus $18,125 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $17,325. None of the families and 6.6% of the population were living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and 21.4% of those over 64.
References
Unincorporated communities in Tillamook County, Oregon
Census-designated places in Oregon
1899 establishments in Oregon
Populated places established in 1899
Census-designated places in Tillamook County, Oregon
Unincorporated communities in Oregon
|
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130942
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garibaldi%2C%20Oregon
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Garibaldi, Oregon
|
Garibaldi ( ) is a city in Tillamook County, in the U.S. state of Oregon. The population was 797 at the 2020 census.
History
The indigenous Tillamook people have lived along the Oregon coast –including the Tillamook Bay– for about twelve thousand years; from Tillamook Head in the North, to Cape Foulweather in the south, and extending inland to the summit of the Oregon Coast Range. They lived in permanent cedar-plank lodges, illuminated at night with torches or by burning fish heads or whale oil. Their diet included salmon, mussels, lampreys, berries, wild mustard, camas, grouse, beaver, deer, and elk.
Captain Robert Gray, born in Rhode Island and sailing from Boston, sailed the Lady Washington into Tillamook Bay in 1788, where his crew fought with the Tillamook people. The Lewis and Clark expedition recorded in 1806 that 2400 Tillamook people resided on Oregon's coast. As the white settler population increased, indigenous people suffered from newly introduced diseases including smallpox. By 1930 only 22 indigenous people remained in all of Tillamook County.
Daniel Bayley was the first white property owner on this part of Tillamook Bay, having first settled here after the Civil War. Bayley was one of the first white settlers who arrived in Tillamook Bay's northern end area. Bayley built a hotel and general store on what is now known as Bay Lane. In 1867, Bayley subdivided the Bayley Park Addition and was officially granted title to the property on May 15, 1869, by President Ulysses S. Grant. In 1870, he was appointed by President Grant as the area's first postmaster and given the duty of naming the postmark. This same year, Giuseppe Garibaldi helped unify Italy after a military career devoted to establishing democracy around the world and Bayley felt so inclined to name the post office after his hero.
Starting in the 1870s, the region's indigenous people were relocated to the nearby Hobsonville Indian Community. By the 1930s, this community was composed mostly of elderly women and children, and given the nickname "Squawtown". Tourists and antiquities dealers would visit, and the local Ku Klux Klan occasionally harassed the residents. The community was abandoned by WWII, and some residents moved to Garibaldi.
Garibaldi's first school (Hobson School) was built in 1896. In 1907 the school was moved close to where it now stands between Cypress and Driftwood under the big "G". In 1926, the new high school opened so Garibaldi students no longer had to attend secondary school in Bay City. In 1954, north Tillamook County high schools were consolidated as Neah-Kah-Nie High School north of Rockaway Beach. Garibaldi High School became a grade school.
The Whitney mill was opened in 1921. The tall smokestack, today all that remains, was constructed by the Hammond Company in 1927–28.
Garibaldi was incorporated as a City in 1946. During the 1950s the city's population increased to over 1500 with the construction of two large mills, The Oceanside Lumber Company and Oregon-Washington Plywood Corporation. The Oregon-Washington Mill closed in the late 1970s. Weyerhaeuser hardwood mill at the Port of Garibaldi was acquired in 2011 by a New York-based company and has been operating as Northwest Hardwoods, Inc. since the acquisition.
In 2020, writer Helen Hill suggested removing Garibaldi's statue of Captain Robert Gray, due to claims about his treatment of indigenous people. The statue, which stands outside the Garibaldi Maritime Museum, depicts Gray standing on a sacred box with Haida designs. , the museum's board will consider adding information next to the statue.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which, is land and is water.
Demographics
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 779 people, 384 households, and 222 families living in the city. The population density was . There were 524 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 94.7% White, 0.1% African American, 0.8% Native American, 0.9% Asian, 0.1% from other races, and 3.3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.5% of the population.
There were 384 households, of which 15.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.4% were married couples living together, 8.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 2.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 42.2% were non-families. 33.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.99 and the average family size was 2.45.
The median age in the city was 55.1 years. 12.5% of residents were under the age of 18; 5.1% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 13% were from 25 to 44; 41.4% were from 45 to 64; and 28.1% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 50.6% male and 49.4% female.
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 899 people, 436 households, and 251 families living in the city. The population density was 928.4 people per square mile (357.8/km2). There were 584 housing units at an average density of 603.1 per square mile (232.5/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 94.77% White, 1.78% Native American, 0.67% Asian, 0.11% Pacific Islander, 0.22% from other races, and 2.45% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.33% of the population.
There were 436 households, out of which 16.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.5% were married couples living together, 6.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 42.4% were non-families. 34.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.04 and the average family size was 2.55.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 16.2% under the age of 18, 6.1% from 18 to 24, 21.4% from 25 to 44, 31.3% from 45 to 64, and 25.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 49 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 103.5 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $28,945, and the median income for a family was $37,266. Males had a median income of $30,938 versus $23,359 for females. The per capita income for the city was $18,075. About 6.9% of families and 11.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.5% of those under age 18 and 7.4% of those age 65 or over.
Historical population
The population was 200 in 1915.
References
External links
Entry for Garibaldi in the Oregon Blue Book
Port of Garibaldi
Garibaldi Museum
Visit Garibaldi
1870 establishments in Oregon
Cities in Oregon
Cities in Tillamook County, Oregon
Populated coastal places in Oregon
Populated places established in 1870
Port cities in Oregon
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