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8528 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/March%203 | March 3 |
Events
Up to 1900
1284 β The Statute of Rhuddlan incorporates the Principality of Wales into England.
1575 β Mughal Emperor Akbar defeats a Bengali army at the Battle of Tukaroi.
1585 β The Olympic Theatre, designed by Andrea Palladio, is inaugurated in Vicenza, Italy.
1776 - American Revolutionary War: The first amphibious landing of the United States Marine Corps begins in the Battle of Nassau.
1779 β American Revolutionary War: The Continental Army is routed (heavily beaten) at the Battle of Brier Creek.
1788 β Europen settlement begins on Norfolk Island.
1799 - Russo-Ottoman Siege of Corfu ends with the surrender of the French garrison.
1820 - United States Congress passes the Missouri Compromise.
1836 - Texas declares independence from Mexico.
1845 β Florida becomes the 27th State of the US.
1849 - The Minnesota Territory is created.
1857 β Second Opium War: France and the United Kingdom declare war on China.
1861 β Tsar Alexander II of Russia signs the Emancipation Manifesto, freeing the Serfs.
1875 β Georges Bizet's opera Carmen receives its premiere at the OpΓ©ra-Comique in Paris.
1875 β The first-ever organised indoor ice hockey game is held in Montreal.
1878 β The Russo-Turkish War ends, as Bulgaria regains its independence from the Ottoman Empire.
1885 - The American Telephone and Telegraph Company is incorporated in New York.
1901 2000
1904 β Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany becomes the first ruler to make a sound recording of a political document, using the phonograph cylinder.
1905 β Tsar Nicholas II of Russia agrees to create an elected assembly, the Duma.
1913 - Thousands of women march in a suffrage parade in Washington, DC.
1915 β NACA, the predecessor of NASA, is founded.
1918 β World War I: Germany, Austria and Russia sign the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, ending Russia's involvement in the war.
1923 β TIME magazine is first published.
1924 β End of the Ottoman caliphate.
1925 - The Mount Rushmore Monument is unveiled, having been created by Gutzon Borglum. Carved into rock are the faces of George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Abraham Lincoln and Theodore Roosevelt.
1931 - The United States adopts The Star-Spangled Banner as the national anthem.
1933 β Ching Yun University is established.
1938 β Oil is discovered in Saudi Arabia.
1939 β Mahatma Gandhi begins a fast (a period without eating) in protest against autocratic rule in British colonial India.
1942 β World War II: Ten Japanese war planes raid the town of Broome, in Western Australia, killing over 100 people.
1943 β World War II: In London, 173 people are killed in a crush while trying to enter the air-raid shelter at Bethnal Green tube station.
1945 β World War II: American and Filipino troops recapture Manila from Japanese forces.
1945 β A former Armia Krajowa unit massacres at least 150 Ukrainian civilians in Pawlokoma, Poland.
1945 β World War II: The Royal Air Force accidentally bombs the Bezuidenhout neighbourhood in The Hague, killing 511 people.
1953 β A Canadian Pacific Airlines Comet aircraft crashes in Karachi, Pakistan, killing 11 people.
1958 β Nuri as-Said becomes Prime Minister of Iraq for the 14th time.
1961 β Hassan II becomes King of Morocco.
1962 - The British Antarctic Territory is created.
1969 β Apollo programme: NASA launches Apollo 9 to test the lunar module.
1973 - Wasington Convention is signed.
1974 β Turkish Airlines Flight 981 crashes at Ermenonville, near Paris, killing all 346 people on board.
1978 β The body of movie actor Charles Chaplin is stolen from his grave in Switzerland.
1985 β Arthur Scargill announces the decision by the National Mineworkers Union to end the longest-running industrial dispute in the United Kingdom without a peace agreement over pit closures.
1985 β A magnitude 8.3 earthquake strikes the Valparaiso region of Chile, killing 177 people.
1991 β Referendum votes in both Estonia and Latvia show overwhelming support for independence from the Soviet Union.
1991 β United Airlines Flight 585 crashes at Colorado Springs, Colorado, killing 25 people on board.
1991 β Rodney King is hit and kicked by the Los Angeles police, which leads to big riots.
1992 β Kyrgyzstan starts to use its current flag.
1992 - Alija Izetbegovic declares Bosnia and Herzegovina independent.
1996 - The Partido Popular wins the Spanish parliamentary election, leading to Jose Maria Aznar becoming Prime Minister.
1997 β The Sky Tower, the southern hemisphere's tallest free-standing structure at a height of 328 metres, opens in Auckland, New Zealand, following more than 2-and-a-half years of building work.
From 2001
2002 β Switzerland votes to join the United Nations, breaking its long history of being neutral.
2002 β The Hindu Kush in Afghanistan is hit by a magnitude 7.4 earthquake, killing 166 people.
2005 β Steve Fossett becomes the first person to fly an airplane non-stop around the world without refuelling.
2009 β An armed attack targets the Sri Lanka national cricket team in Lahore, Pakistan.
2009 β The Historical Archives building in Cologne, Germany, collapses, killing 2 people. Many documents are either completely destroyed or badly damaged.
Births
Up to 1900
1455 β King John II of Portugal (d. 1495)
1500 - Reginald Pole, Archbishop of Canterbury (d. 1558)
1520 - Matthias Flacius, Croatian Protestant reformer (d. 1575)
1589 - Gisbertus Voetius, Dutch theologian (d. 1676)
1606 - Edmund Waller, English poet (d. 1687)
1652 - Thomas Ottway, English dramatist (d. 1685)
1678 - Madeleine de Vercheres, Canadian heroine (d. 1747)
1756 - William Goodwin, English writer (d. 1836)
1778 β Frederica of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Queen of Hanover (d. 1841)
1788 - William Carroll, 6th and 9th Governor of Tennessee (d. 1844)
1793 - Charles Sealsfield, Austrian-American journalist (d. 1864)
1800 β Heinrich Georg Bronn, German geologist (d. 1862)
1805 β Jonas Furrer, 1st President of the Swiss Confederation (d. 1861)
1816 - William James Blacklock, English painter (d. 1858)
1819 - Gustave de Molinari, Belgian economist (d. 1912)
1823 β Gyula Andrassy, Hungarian regent (d. 1890)
1831 - George Pullman, American inventor (d. 1897)
1838 β George William Hill, American astronomer and mathematician (d. 1914)
1839 β Jamsetji Tata, Indian industrialist (d. 1904)
1841 - John Murray, Scottish oceanographer (d. 1914)
1845 β Georg Cantor, German mathematician (d. 1918)
1847 β Alexander Graham Bell, Scottish inventor (d. 1922)
1860 - John Montgomery Ward, American baseball player (d. 1925)
1861 - Racho Petrov, Bulgarian general and politician (d. 1942)
1866 - Fred A. Busse, Mayor of Chicago (d. 1914)
1869 β Henry Wood, English conductor (d. 1944)
1869 β William M. Calder, United States Senator (d. 1945)
1871 β Maurice Garin, French cyclist (d. 1957)
1873 - William Green, American labor union leader (d. 1953)
1877 β Jon Thorlaksson, Prime Minister of Iceland (d. 1935)
1878 - Leopold Jessner, German producer and director (d. 1945)
1879 - Jozsef Klekl, Slovenian writer (d. 1936)
1880 β Yosuke Matsuoka, Japanese politician (d. 1946)
1880 β Florence Auer, American actress (d. 1962)
1882 - Charles Ponzi, Italian criminal, origin of the term Ponzi scheme (d. 1949)
1886 β Tore Orjasaeter, Norwegian poet (d. 1968)
1886 - Ezequiel Fernandez, 18th President of Panama (d. 1946)
1890 β Norman Bethune, Canadian doctor and humanitarian (d. 1939)
1891 β Damaskinos, Prime Minister of Greece (d. 1949)
1891 β Arthur Drewry, British FIFA President (d. 1961)
1893 β Beatrice Wood, American artist and ceramicist (d. 1998)
1895 β Ragnar Frisch, Norwegian economist (d. 1973)
1901 1950
1901 β Claude Choules, British World War I veteran and supercentenarian (d. 2011)
1903 - Vasily Kozlov, Soviet politician (d. 1987)
1905 - Marie Glory, French actress (d. 2009)
1906 - Artur Lundqvist, Swedish writer (d. 1991)
1911 - Jean Harlow, American actress (d. 1937)
1912 - Klaus Gysi, German politician (d. 1999)
1914 β Asger Jorn, Danish painter (d. 1973)
1916 β Paul Halmos, Hungarian-American mathematician (d. 2006)
1918 β Arthur Kornberg, American biochemist (d. 2007)
1918 - Peter O'Sullevan, British horse racing commentator (d. 2015)
1918 - Fritz Thiedemann, German equestrian (d. 2000)
1919 β Loki Schmidt, German environmentalist and wife of Helmut Schmidt (d. 2010)
1919 β Peter Abrahams, South African writer (d. 2017)
1920 β Ronald Searle, British cartoonist (d. 2011)
1920 β Julius Boros, American golfer (d. 1994)
1920 β James Doohan, Canadian actor (d. 2005)
1921 - Diana Barrymore, American actress (d. 1960)
1921 - Doc Paskowitz, American surfer and physician (d. 2014)
1922 β Nandor Hidegkuti, Hungarian footballer (d. 2002)
1923 - Doc Watson, American bluegrass musician (d. 2012)
1924 β Tomiichi Murayama, Prime Minister of Japan
1924 β Lys Assia, Swiss singer and actress (d. 2018)
1928 - Howell Evans, Welsh actor, comedian and singer (d. 2014)
1929 - Mithat Bayrak, Turkish wrestler (d. 2014)
1930 β Heiner Geissler, German politician (d. 2017)
1930 β Ion Iliescu, former President of Romania
1933 β Lee Radziwill, American fashion executive (d. 2019)
1933 - Alfredo Landa, Spanish actor (d. 2013)
1934 - Jimmy Garrison, American jazz musician (d. 1976)
1934 - Peter Brooke, Baron Brooke of Sutton Mandeville, English politician
1934 - Yasuo Takamori, Japanese footballer
1935 β Zhelyu Zhelev, former President of Bulgaria (d. 2015)
1935 β Michael Walzer, American philosopher
1935 - Malcolm Anderson, Australian tennis player
1937 - Tsukasa Hosaka, Japanese footballer (d. 2018)
1937 - Bobby Driscoll, American actor (d. 1968)
1938 - Bruno Bozzetti, Italian animator and movie director
1942 - Mike Pender, English singer and guitarist
1945 - Ronald Mallett, American theoretical physicist
1945 - George Miller, Australian director
1946 - John Virgo, English snooker player
1946 - James C. Adamson, American astronaut
1947 β Oscar Tabarez, Uruguayan football manager
1948 β Snowy White, British guitarist
1949 - Bonnie J. Dunbar, American engineer, academic and astronaut
1951 1975
1951 - Tony Hall, British broadcasting executive, Director-General of the BBC
1953 β Zico, Brazilian footballer
1955 - Jorge Vergara, Mexican businessman
1955 - Darnell Williams, English-American actor
1956 - Zbigniew Boniek, Polish footballer
1958 β Miranda Richardson, British actress
1958 β Bob Bradley, American soccer coach
1958 - Marc Silvestri, American comic book artist
1960 - Neal Heaton, American baseball player and coach
1961 β Fatima Whitbread, British javelin thrower
1962 - Jackie Joyner-Kersee, American athlete
1966 - Fernando Colunga, Mexican actor
1966 - Timo Tolkki, Finnish musician
1967 - Alexander Volkov, Russian tennis player
1968 β Brian Cox, British physicist, television presenter and former musician
1968 - Brian Leetch, American ice hockey player
1970 β Inzamam ul-Haq, Pakistani cricketer
1970 - James Purnell, British politician
1970 - John Carter Cash, American country musician
1971 β Charlie Brooker, British comedian, writer and broadcaster
1971 - Christian Eigner, Austrian drummer and songwriter (Depeche Mode)
1972 β Darren Anderton, English footballer
1973 - Xavier Bettel, Prime Minister of Luxembourg
1973 - Olafur Darri Olafsson, Icelandic actor
1974 - David Faustino, American actor
1975 - Aleksandr Abdulkhalikov, Russian footballer
1975 - Aleksei Abdulkhalikov, Russian footballer
From 1976
1976 - Keit Pentus-Rosimannus, Estonian politician
1977 β Ronan Keating, Irish singer
1978 - Seo Moon-tak, South Korean singer
1979 - Albert Jorquera, Spanish footballer
1979 β Alex Zane, British comedian
1981 - Eugene, South Korean singer and actress
1981 β Lil' Flip, American rapper
1981 β Julius Malema, South African politician and leader of Economic Freedom Fighters
1981 β Emmanuel Pappoe, Ghanaian footballer
1982 β Jessica Biel, American actress
1983 - Ashley Hansen, Australian footballer
1984 β Alexander Semin, Russian ice hockey player
1985 - David Davies, Welsh swimmer
1986 - Mehmet Topal, Turkish footballer
1986 β Stacie Orrico, American singer
1987 - Jesus Padilla, Mexican footballer
1988 - Riccardo Bocchino, Italian rugby player
1988 - Bella Heathcote, Australian actress
1988 β Michael Morrison, English footballer
1989 - Erwin Mulder, Dutch footballer
1989 - Hayley Marie Norman, American actress, producer and screenwriter
1989 - Shuichi Gonda, Japanese footballer
1991 - Park Cho-rong, South Korean singer
1992 - Jordy Lucas, Australian actress
1994 - Umika Kawashima, Japanese actress
1995 - Maine Mendoza, Filipina internet and television personality
1997 - Camila Cabello, American singer
Deaths
Up to 1900
1033 - Cunigunde of Luxembourg, Holy Roman Empress (b. 960)
1111 - Bohemund I, Prince of Antioch
1239 - Vladimir III Rurikovich, Grand Prince of Kiev (b. 1187)
1554 - John Frederick, Elector of Saxony (b. 1503)
1605 β Pope Clement VIII (b. 1536)
1606 β Nyaungyan Min, King of Burma (b. 1557)
1703 β Robert Hooke, English scientist (b. 1635)
1706 β Johann Pachelbel, German composer (b. 1653)
1707 β Aurangzeb, Mughal Emperor (b. 1618)
1792 β Robert Adam, Scottish architect (b. 1728)
1824 - Giovanni Battista Viotti, Italian violinist and composer (b. 1755)
1869 β William Lanney (King Billy), the last full blood aborigine in Tasmania.
1899 - William P. Sprague, American politician (b. 1887)
1901 2000
1901 - George Gilman, American businessman (b. 1826)
1920 - Theodor Philipsen, Danish painter (b. 1840)
1927 - Mikhail Artsybashev, Ukrainian author and playwright (b. 1878)
1932 β Eugen d'Albert, German composer (b. 1864)
1932 - Joseph Mackey Brown, Governor of Georgia (b. 1851)
1942 - Prince Amedeo, Duke of Aosta, Italian governor and viceroy (b. 1898)
1945 β William M. Calder, United States Senator (b. 1869)
1953 β James J. Jeffries, American heavyweight boxer (b. 1875)
1959 β Lou Costello, American actor and comedian (d. 1906)
1961 β Paul Wittgenstein, Austrian-born pianist (b. 1887)
1966 β Joseph Fields, American playwright, director and producer (b. 1895)
1975 - Edward H. Griffith, American director (d. 1888)
1979 - Mustafa Barzani, Kurdish politician (b. 1903)
1983 β HergΓ©, Belgian comics creator (b. 1907)
1987 β Danny Kaye, American actor, singer and comedian (b. 1911)
1991 - William Penney, English mathematician (b. 1909)
1993 - Carlos Montoya, Spanish flamenco guitarist (b. 1903)
1993 β Albert Sabin, Polish-born medical researcher (b. 1906)
1995 β Howard Hunter, American religious leader (b. 1907)
1996 β Marguerite Durand, French writer (b. 1914)
1996 - John Krol, American cardinal (b. 1910)
1998 - Fred Friendly, American broadcast executive (b. 1915)
1999 β Gerhard Herzberg, German-born Canadian chemist (b. 1904)
From 2001
2002 - G. M. C. Balayogi, Indian lawyer and politician (b. 1951)
2003 β Horst Buchholz, German actor (b. 1933)
2005 β Rinus Michels, Dutch footballer and coach (b. 1928)
2008 β Giuseppe Di Stefano, Italian operatic tenor (b. 1921)
2010 β Keith Alexander, British footballer and coach (b. 1956)
2010 β Michael Foot, British politician (b. 1913)
2011 β Allan Louisy, Prime Minister of Saint Lucia (b. 1914)
2012 β Ralph McQuarrie, American conceptual designer and illustrator (b. 1929)
2013 - Luis Cubilla, Uruguayan footballer (b. 1940)
2014 - William R. Pogue, American astronaut (b. 1930)
2015 - M. Stanton Evans, American journalist, author and educator (b. 1934)
2015 - Lynn Borden, American actress (b. 1937)
2015 - Ernest Braun, Austrian-British academic and author (b. 1925)
2016 - Martin Crowe, New Zealand cricketer (b. 1962)
2016 - Ashok Ghosh, Indian politician (b. 1921)
2016 - Thanat Khoman, Thai politician (b. 1914)
2016 - Natalia Krachkovskaya, Russian actress (b. 1938)
2016 - Sophie Dessus, French politician (b. 1955)
2016 - Hayabusa, Japanese professional wrestler (b. 1968)
2017 - Raymond Kopa, French footballer (b. 1931)
2017 - Misha Mengelberg, Dutch jazz pianist and composer (b. 1935)
2017 - Tommy Page, American singer-songwriter (b. 1970)
2017 - RenΓ© PrΓ©val, President of Haiti (b. 1943)
2017 - Anne Kristin Sydnes, Norwegian politician (b. 1956)
2018 - Vanessa Goodwin, Australian politician (b. 1969)
2018 - Roger Bannister, English athlete and neurologist (b. 1929)
2018 - David Ogden Stiers, American actor (b. 1942)
2018 - Lin Hu, Chinese air force general (b. 1927)
2018 - Yvon Taillandier, French artist (b. 1926)
2018 - Derek Saunders, English footballer (b. 1928)
2018 - Billy Herrington, American pornographic actor (b. 1969)
2018 - Jorge Wagensberg Lubinski, Spanish physicist, academic and writer (b. 1948)
2018 - Franz Pacher, Austrian engineer (b. 1919)
2019 - Peter Hurford, British organist and composer (b. 1930)
Observances
Hinamatsuri (Girls' Day) in Japan
Liberation Day (Bulgaria)
Mother's Day (Georgia)
Sportsmen's Day (Egypt)
Martyrs' Day (Malawi)
World Wildlife Day
March 03 |
8532 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/September%203 | September 3 |
Events
Up to 1900
301 San Marino is founded by Saint Marinus. It is the world's oldest republic, and one of the world's smallest nations.
590 Inauguration of Pope Gregory I.
863 Byzantine victory at the Battle of Lalakaon against an Arab raid.
1189 King Richard I of England is crowned.
1260 The mamluks defeat the Mongols at the Battle of Ain Jalut in Palestine, marking their decisive defeat at the point of maximum expansion of the Mongol Empire.
1650 Third English Civil War: Battle of Dunbar - English parliamentary forces led by Oliver Cromwell defeat an army loyal to the future King Charles II of England and led by David Leslie, Lord Newark.
1651 Third English Civil War: Battle of Worcester - The future King Charles II of England is defeated in the last battle of the war.
1658 Richard Cromwell becomes Lord Protector of England.
1758 An assassination attempt is made on King Joseph I of Portugal.
1777 American Revolutionary War: The Flag of the United States is flown in battle for the first time, during the Battle of Cooch's Bridge.
1783 The Treaty of Paris ends the American Revolutionary War. Great Britain recognises US independence, and also cedes both East and West Florida to Spain.
1791 The French Constitution of 1791 is passed, changing France from an absolute to a constitutional monarchy.
1798 Start of a week-long battle at St. George's Caye in Belize, between Spain and Great Britain.
1803 English scientist John Dalton begins using symbols to represent the atoms of different elements.
1838 Future abolitionist Frederick Douglass escapes from Slavery.
1855 American Indian Wars: In Nebraska, 700 US soldiers under General William S. Harney kill 100 men, women and children in a Sioux village.
1861 American Civil War: Confederate General Leonidas Polk invades Kentucky, prompting the state legislature to ask for Union assistance.
1870 Franco-Prussian War: The Siege of Metz begins, resulting in Prussian victory on October 23.
1875 The first official polo game is played in Argentina, following introduction by British ranchers.
1878 The pleasure boat Princess Alice collides with the Bywell Castle on the River Thames, killing around 640 people.
1882 The Hugstetten train crash in Germany kills 64 people.
1900 The United Kingdom annexes the Boer Republic of Transvaal.
1901 2000
1914 Because of opposition to his rule, William, Prince of Albania leaves the country after just six months in charge.
1914 The papacy of Pope Benedict XV begins.
1917 World War I: German troops enter Riga on the Eastern Front.
1919 Italy gives women the right to vote.
1928 Scottish scientist Alexander Fleming discovers penicillin.
1933 Yevgeniy Abalakov becomes the first person to reach the top of what was then called Pik Stalin (later called Communism Peak and now called Ismoil Somoni Peak), which was the highest peak in the then-existing Soviet Union. It is now the highest peak in Tajikistan, at a height of 7495 metres.
1935 Malcolm Campbell becomes the first person to drive an automobile at over 300 miles per hour, when he reaches a speed of 304.331 miles per hour at Bonneville Salt Flats in Utah.
1939 World War II starts, as the United Kingdom and France declare war on Germany, following the Nazis' invasion of Poland on September 1.
1943 World War II: The allied invasion of Italy begins when two British Army divisions land at Calabria.
1944 Holocaust: Anne Frank and her family are placed on the last transport train from the Westerbork transit camp to Auschwitz.
1945 China begins to hold a three-day celebration of the Japanese surrender on September 2, which officially ended hostilities in World War II.
1950 Giuseppe Farina becomes the first-ever Formula One world drivers' champion.
1954 German U-boat U-505 begins its move from a specially constructed dock to Chicago's Museum of Science and Industry.
1964 Through the US Wilderness Act, the John Muir and Ansel Adams wilderness areas are officially created for conservation purposes in California, along with the Bridger Wilderness in Wyoming.
1967 Sweden changes from left-hand traffic to right-hand traffic on its roads.
1971 Qatar declares independence.
1974 PASOK, one of the leading political parties in Greece, is founded.
1976 Viking Programme: The Viking 2 spacecraft lands at Utopia Planitia on Mars.
1981 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women enters into force.
1987 A military coup occurs in Burundi, as Jean-Baptiste Bogaza is deposed by Major Pierre Buyoya.
1988 The parliaments of the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland agree on introducing tougher anti-terrorism laws.
1989 An Ilyushin II-62 aircraft crashes in Havana, Cuba, killing 171 people.
1994 Sino-Soviet Split: Russia and China agree to de-target their nuclear weapons against each other.
1995 The Soyuz TM-22 mission launches to the Mir Space Station.
1997 Vietnam Airlines Flight 815, a Tupolev TU-134, crashes on approach to Phnom Penh Airport in Cambodia, killing 64 people.
1999 An 87-automobile pile-up occurs on Highway 401 freeway just outside Windsor, Ontario.
From 2001
2001 In Belfast, Protestant loyalists begin a picket of Holy Cross Primary School for Girls. For the following 11 weeks, pupils and parents are escorted to school by armed police while being targeted by abuse.
2004 On its third day, a siege at a school in Beslan, southern Russia ends in a massacre, in which over 300 people are killed.
2006 Andre Agassi ends his professional tennis career, as he loses in the US Open against Benjamin Becker.
2007 Adventurer Steve Fossett goes missing in the Sierra Nevada mountains in California. His remains are found in October 2008.
2014 Flash floods in India and Pakistan kill over 200 people.
2016 The People's Republic of China and the United States ratify the Paris Climate Change Agreement.
2017 North Korea performs test for nuclear weapon against international law.
Births
Up to 1900
1034 Emperor Go-Sanjo of Japan (d. 1073)
1499 Diane de Poitiers, mistress of Henri II of France (d. 1566)
1568 Adriano Banchieri, Italian composer (d. 1634)
1635 Peder Griffenfeld, Danish statesman (d. 1699)
1643 Lorenzo Bellini, Italian astronomer (d. 1704)
1675 Paul Dudley, Attorney-General of Massachusetts (d. 1751)
1695 Pietro Locatelli, Italian composer (d. 1764)
1710 Abraham Trembley, Swiss naturalist (d. 1784)
1724 Guy Charleton, British Governor-General of Canada (d. 1808)
1757 Karl August, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (d. 1828)
1781 Eugène de Beauharnais, son of Napoleon's wife, Josephine (d. 1824)
1810 Paul Kane, Canadian painter (d. 1871)
1810 Prince Ferdinand Philippe, Duke of Orleans, French nobleman (d. 1842)
1814 James Joseph Sylvester, British mathematician (d. 1897)
1820 George Hearst, American businessman and politician (d. 1891)
1829 Adolf Fick, German physiologist (d. 1901)
1844 Sophia Tolstaya, Russian writer (d. 1919)
1849 Sarah Orne Jewett, American writer (d. 1909)
1851 Olga Konstantinovna of Russia, Queen of Greece (d. 1926)
1856 Louis Sullivan, American architect (d. 1924)
1859 Jean Jaurès, French politician and historian (d. 1914)
1861 James Hartness, American inventor, engineer and politician, 58th Governor of Vermont (d. 1934)
1869 Fritz Pregl, Austrian chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1930)
1875 Ferdinand Porsche, German automotive engineer (d. 1951)
1880 Gwynne Evans, American swimmer and water polo player (d. 1965)
1882 Johnny Douglas, English cricketer and boxer (d. 1930)
1887 Frank Christian, jazz musician (d. 1973)
1893 Andrey Dikiy, Russian-American writer, historian, Γ©migrΓ© politician and journalist (d. 1977)
1899 Frank Macfarlane Burnet, Australian physician and virologist (d. 1985)
1900 Urho Kekkonen, 8th President of Finland (d. 1986)
1900 Maurice Dobb, British economist (d. 1976)
1901 1950
1902 Mantan Moreland, actor (d. 1973)
1905 Carl David Anderson, American physicist (d. 1991)
1907 Loren Eiseley, anthropologist (d. 1977)
1908 Lev Semenovich Pontryagin, Soviet mathematician (d. 1988)
1910 Kitty Carlisle, American actress and television personality (d. 2007)
1910 Maurice Papon, French Nazi collaborator (d. 2007)
1913 Alan Ladd, American actor (d. 1964)
1914 Dixy Lee Ray, American politician, 17th Governor of Washington (d. 1994)
1915 Memphis Slim, American blues pianist, singer and composer (d. 1988)
1915 Knut Nystedt, Norwegian organist and composer (d. 2014)
1916 Eddie Stanky, American baseball player (d. 1999)
1918 Helen Wagner, American actress (d. 2010)
1921 Thurston Dart, English harpsichordist and conductor (d. 1971)
1921 Henry Bellmon, Governor of Oklahoma (d. 2009)
1923 Kishan Maharaj, Indian tabla player (d. 2008)
1923 Mort Walker, American cartoonist (d. 2018)
1923 Fred Hawkins, American golfer (d. 2014)
1924 Mary Grace Canfield, American actress (d. 2014)
1925 Bengt LindstrΓΆm, Swedish painter and sculptor (d. 2008)
1925 Hank Thompson, American singer (d. 2007)
1926 Anne Jackson, American actress (d. 2016)
1926 Joseph P. Kolter, American politician (d. 2019)
1927 Hugh Sidey, American magazine editor
1928 Gaston Thorn, Prime Minister of Luxembourg (d. 2007)
1929 Carlo Clerici, Swiss cyclist (d. 2007)
1929 Whitey Bulger, American criminal (d. 2018)
1929 Irene Papas, Greek actress and singer
1930 Cherry Wilder, New Zealand writer (d. 2002)
1931 Albert DeSalvo, American serial killer (d. 1973)
1931 Dick Motta, American basketball player
1931 Fritz J. Raddatz, German writer (d. 2015)
1932 Eileen Brennan, American actress (d. 2013)
1933 Tompall Glaser, American country music singer (d. 2013)
1934 Freddie King, American blues singer and guitarist (d. 1976)
1935 Hans Sturm, German footballer (d. 2007)
1936 Zine El-Abidine Ben Ali, former President of Tunisia (d. 2019)
1938 Caryl Churchill, English playwright
1938 Ryoji Noyori, Japanese chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
1939 Vivi Bach, Danish actress (d. 2013)
1940 Eduardo Galeano, Uruguayan journalist and writer (d. 2015)
1942 Al Jardine, American rock and roll musician (The Beach Boys)
1943 Valerie Perrine, American actress
1947 Kjell Magne Bondevik, former Prime Minister of Norway
1947 Eric Bell, Irish guitarist (Thin Lizzy)
1947 Michael Connarty, Scottish politician
1947 GΓ©rard Houllier, French football manager
1947 Mario Draghi, Italian head of the European Central Bank
1948 Levy Mwanawasa, 3rd President of Zambia (d. 2008)
1949 Patriarch Peter VII of Alexandria, Greek Orthodox Patriarch of Alexandria and all Africa (d. 2004)
1949 JosΓ© Pekerman, Argentine football manager
1951 1975
1951 Maithripala Sirisena, President of Sri Lanka
1953 Jean-Pierre Jeunet, French movie director
1955 Steve Jones, British musician (Sex Pistols)
1956 Pat McGeown, Northern Irish Provisional IRA member (d. 1996)
1963 Mubarak Ghanim, Emirati footballer
1963 Malcolm Gladwell, Canadian journalist, essayist and critic
1964 Adam Curry, Internet entrepreneur
1965 Charlie Sheen, American actor
1965 Todd Lewis, guitarist and singer (Toadies and The Burden Brothers)
1965 Carlos Simon, Brazilian football referee
1965 Costas Mandylor, Australian actor
1969 John Fugelsang, American actor
1969 Dominic West, English actor
1970 Maria Bamford, American voice actress and comedienne
1970 Gareth Southgate, English footballer and coach
1971 Kiran Desai, Indian writer
1971 Paolo Montero, Uruguayan footballer
1973 Jennifer Paige, American singer-songwriter
1973 Damon Stoudamire, American basketball player
1974 Clare Kramer, American actress, producer and screenwriter
1975 Redfoo, American singer-songwriter, producer and dancer (LMFAO)
From 1976
1976 Samuel Kuffour, Ghanaian footballer
1976 Vivek Oberoi, Indian actor
1977 Stephen Laybutt, Australian footballer
1977 Olof Mellberg, Swedish footballer
1979 Julio CΓ©sar Soares Espindola, Brazilian footballer
1979 Tiffany Chapman, English actress
1980 Jason McCaslin, Canadian musician (Sum 41)
1981 Fearne Cotton, English television presenter
1982 Kaori Natori, Japanese singer and songwriter
1982 Sarah Burke, American freestyle skier (d. 2012)
1984 Garrett Hedlund, American actor
1985 Scott Carson, English footballer
1986 Shaun White, American snowboarder and skateboarder
1987 Chris Fountain, English actor
1987 James Neal, Canadian ice hockey player
1988 Jerome Boateng, German footballer
1988 Sinan Bolat, Turkish footballer
1990 Rita Volk, Uzbek-American actress
1991 Thomas Delaney, Danish footballer
1993 Dominic Thiem, Austrian tennis player
1993 Rina Koike, Japanese model and actress
1999 Rich Brian, Indonesian rapper
Deaths
Up to 1950
264 Sun Xiu, Chinese Emperor (b. 235)
1354 Joanikije II, Serbian patriarch
1402 Gian Galeazzo Visconti, Duke of Milan (b. 1351)
1420 Robert Stewart, Duke of Albany, Regent of Scotland (b. 1340)
1467 Eleanor of Portugal, Holy Roman Empress (b. 1434)
1592 Robert Greene, English author and playwright (b. 1558)
1634 Edward Coke, English jurist and Member of Parliament (b. 1552)
1658 Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector of England (b. 1599)
1808 Philip Gidley King, third Governor of New South Wales (b. 1758)
1857 John McLoughlin, Canadian trapper (b. 1784)
1860 Aleksey Khomyakov, Russian poet (b. 1804)
1866 Konstantin Flavitsky, Russian painter (b. 1830)
1872 Immanuel Nobel, Swedish engineer, architect, inventor and industrialist (b. 1801)
1883 Ivan Turgenev, Russian writer (b. 1818)
1893 James Harrison, Scottish-born inventor (b. 1816)
1903 Joseph Skipsey, British poet (b. 1832)
1914 AlbΓ©ric Magnard, composer (b. 1865)
1918 Fanny Kaplan, Russian anarchist and revolutionary (b. 1890)
1936 Nikita Balieff, Armenian-Russian puppeteer and director (b. 1876)
1948 Edvard Benes, President of Czechoslovakia (b. 1884)
From 1951
1962 E. E. Cummings, American poet (b. 1894)
1964 Stewart Holbrook, American writer (b. 1893)
1967 Francis Ouimet, American golfer and businessman (b. 1893)
1968 Isabel Withers, American actress (b. 1896)
1969 John Lester, American cricketer (b. 1871)
1970 Vince Lombardi, American football coach (b. 1913)
1970 Alan Wilson, American singer and guitarist (b. 1943)
1973 Rufino Santos, Filipino cardinal (b. 1908)
1974 Harry Partch, composer (b. 1901)
1980 Duncan Renaldo, actor (b. 1904)
1985 Johnny Marks, American singer (b. 1909)
1986 Beryl Markham, British horse trainer, adventurer and writer (b. 1902)
1987 Morton Feldman, American composer (b. 1926)
1989 Gaetano Scirea, Italian footballer (b. 1953)
1991 Frank Capra, American movie director (b. 1897)
1994 James T. Aubrey, American television executive (b. 1918)
2001 Pauline Kael, American movie critic (b. 1919)
2001 Thuy Trang, Vietnamese-American actress (b. 1973)
2003 Paul Hill, American anti-abortion murderer (b. 1954)
2005 William Rehnquist, Chief Justice of the United States (b. 1924)
2007 Jane Tomlinson, British charity fundraiser (b. 1964)
2007 Steve Fossett, American businessman, aviator, sailor and adventurer (b. 1944) (date of disappearance)
2011 Sandor Kepiro, Hungarian military officer (b. 1914)
2012 Sun Myung Moon, Korean religious leader (b. 1920)
2012 Mahmoud El-Gohary, Egyptian footballer and coach (b. 1938)
2012 Michael Clarke Duncan, American actor (b. 1957)
2013 Ariel Castro, American criminal (b. 1960)
2014 Go Eun-bi, South Korean singer (b. 1992)
2014 Andrew Madoff, American investment broker (b. 1966)
2014 Mark Otway, New Zealand tennis player (b. 1931)
2014 Aarno Raninen, Finnish actor, composer and musician (b. 1944)
2014 Roy Heather, English actor (b. 1935)
2014 Niki NordenskjΓΆld, Swedish actress (b. 1975)
2015 Leon Gorman, American businessman (b. 1934)
2015 Jean Luc PrΓ©el, French politician (b. 1940)
2015 Zhang Zhen, Chinese general (b. 1914)
2015 Chandra Bahadur Dangi, Nepalese smallest-man-ever titleholder (b. 1939)
2015 Adrian Cadbury, British businessman and rower (b. 1929)
2015 Judy Carne, British actress (b. 1939)
2016 Mir Quasem Ali, Bangladeshi businessman and politician (b. 1952)
2016 Carlos Bulgheroni, Argentine entrepreneur (b. 1945)
2017 John Ashbery, American poet (b. 1927)
2017 Walter Becker, American musician, songwriter and producer (b. 1950)
2017 Joan Colom, Spanish photographer (b. 1921)
2017 Dave Hlubek, American musician and songwriter (b. 1951)
2017 Victor Krasin, Ukrainian-born Russian human rights activist and politician (b. 1929)
2017 Piet Ouderland, Dutch footballer and basketball player (b. 1933)
2017 John P. White, American politician (b. 1937)
2018 Lydia Clarke, American actress (b. 1923)
2018 Jalaluddin Haqqani, Afghan militant (b. 1939)
2018 Paul Koech, Kenyan long-distance runner (b. 1969)
2018 Jacqueline Pearce, British actress (b. 1943)
2018 Gordon Phillips, English footballer (b. 1946)
2018 Katyna Ranieri, Italian actress and singer (b. 1925)
2018 Ina Isings, Dutch classical archaeologist (b. 1919)
2019 Edgardo Andrada, Argentine footballer (b. 1939)
2019 LaShawn Daniels, American songwriter (b. 1977)
2019 Halvard Hanevold, Norwegian biathlete (b. 1969)
2019 Peter Lindbergh, German fashion photographer (b. 1944)
2019 JosΓ© de JesΓΊs Pimiento RodrΓguez, Colombian footballer (b. 1919)
Observances
National Day of San Marino
Independence Day (Qatar)
Flag Day (Australia)
Levy Mwanawasa Day (Zambia)
Merchant Navy Day (United Kingdom)
Dagen-H (Sweden)
September 03 |
8538 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irrigation | Irrigation | Irrigation is when people add water to plants, to help them grow when there is not enough rain. Irrigation water can be pumped from rivers, natural lakes or lakes created by dams, from wells or allowed to flow to the fields by the force of gravity along pipes or open canals.
Types of Irrigation
There are many different types of irrigation methods. The most common ones are:
Sprinkler Irrigation
Drip irrigation
Surface irrigation
Sub surface irrigation
Manual irrigation
Sprinkler irrigation mimics natural rainfall where water falls on the plants.
In sprinkler irrigation, water is moved through pipes to sprinklers scattered around and within the field. The Sprinklers shoot water from pressurized outlets or guns from pipes into the air which then fall on the plants. Center pivot irrigation is a type of sprinkler irrigation. It's basically, sprinklers on wheels.
In drip irrigation, water drips directly to the roots of plants from pipes which have small holes or special emitters spaced along the pipe. Drip irrigation is more efficient than other irrigation methods because water is applied directly or close to plants' roots i.e. where it is needed. Thus, it uses less water, reduces leeching of soil nutrients and erosion of top soil.
In Surface irrigation, water from a source such as rivers, pipes, dams, canals e.t.c. floods the soil surface. Surface irrigation uses a lot of water compared to other irrigation methods. It could also drain nutrients beyond the reach of the plant roots. If the water is excessive, it could cause damage to the plant. However, surface irrigation is used extensively in rice farming. This is because the permanent flooding acts as a natural pest control method and rice can survive waterlogged soil.
Sub-Surface irrigation is when water comes from below the surface of the soil. Sub-surface irrigation create an artificial water table to place water right within reach of plants. Water seeps through the walls into the soil of farms from canals passing through and/or around the farm. Drip irrigation becomes sub-surface irrigation when the pipes are placed underground.
With Manual irrigation irrigation is done by humans using buckets, pipes or watering cans. It is labor-intensive and inefficient.
Impacts
Irrigation can let more crops be grown on the same land, or allow a crop to grow in a dry period. It is expensive and care should be taken to ensure that the benefits from increased crop yields are not exceeded by the installation and operating costs of the irrigation scheme.
Irrigation causes a subsequent rise in water-tables. If saline water is below, it may rise to the surface. Sometimes salinity becomes high enough to kill the plants. Irrigation water itself can carry salt and sometimes other toxic materials that hurt the plants. To prevent this, irrigation projects must also assure good drainage.
References
Agriculture |
8539 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glastonbury%20Festival | Glastonbury Festival | The Glastonbury Festival is a very big music festival. It is held at Worthy Farm near Glastonbury, Somerset, England, most years, during the last weekend in June. About 100,000 people come to the festival every time. The festival is hosted and organized by local farmer Michael Eavis. It is a widely known festival with many big and popular bands playing there every year.
Controversy
In Glastonbury 2009, there was a great deal of controversy when Jay-Z was asked to headline the festival. The most infamous response to this was when Noel Gallagher from Oasis said that Glastonbury should only be for rock musicians.
1970 establishments in England
Music festivals in England
Somerset |
8540 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit | Detroit | Detroit is the largest city in the state of Michigan in the United States. In 1950, Detroit was the fifth largest city in the United States, with 1.8 million people. It was the 10th largest city in the United States at the time of the 2000 census. As of 2004, it fell to 11th biggest as people have moved away, and San Jose, California, which is growing, moved to 10th. The Population of Detroit was 700,000 in the 2010s decade. Nearly six million people live in Detroit and the surrounding counties that encompass Metro Detroit. The city borders Windsor, Ontario in Canada. The international border between Detroit and Windsor is one of the most crossed in the world.
The person who started the city was Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac. He was from France. Detroit was made a city in 1701. From 1805 to 1847, Detroit was the capital of Michigan.
The state governor declared a financial emergency in March 2013, appointing an emergency manager. On July 18, 2013, Detroit filed the largest municipal bankruptcy case in U.S. history.
Sports
Detroit is a city where many automobiles are made and this is why it is sometimes called the "Motor City", or "Motown". Many people call it the car capital of the world. General Motors, Ford and Chrysler have their offices and many of their plants in and around Detroit.
In 2006, the Super Bowl was played at Ford Field in Detroit.
Media
WXYZ American Broadcasting Company
People
Detroit is home to one of the largest black communities in the United States, with over 91% being African-American. Violent crime rate is also one of the highest in the USA. Detroit also has a large Arab population. Many Arabs live in metro Detroit. The Arab-American community in Detroit began with a small group of Syrian and Lebanese merchants who immigrated to Detroit in the late 1800s. Mexicans have recently replaced the shrinking population.
Climate
Detroit has a humid continental climate (Dfa in the KΓΆppen climate classification).
References
Other websites
County seats in Michigan
Michigan
1700s establishments in North America
1701 establishments
18th-century establishments in New France |
8548 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/War%20communism | War communism | War communism is the name for the economic policies that introduced to Russia in 1918 by Vladimir Lenin, leader of Russia from 1917-24. The policy was ended in 1921 because it was not successful. Instead, he introduced the New Economic Policy in 1921.
War Communism was introduced for many reasons. However, the most important ones were:
to feed and supply the hungry Red Army of Bolsheviks during the Russian Civil War
to move towards complete communism
It was bad for the Russian economy because the government took away extra grain produced by the peasants. This was known as grain requisitioning. Peasants were not allowed to sell their extra food, so they stopped producing more than they needed to eat. This created a Russian famine with millions of people foodless and starving.
Communism
Economic policy
Russian Revolution
1918 establishments in the Soviet Union
1921 disestablishments |
8551 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20Economic%20Policy | New Economic Policy | New Economic Policy (NEP) was an economic policy introduced by Lenin after the failed methods of War communism. These New Economic Policies were to revive the Russian economy. The new policy was a combination of private enterprise and state socialism. This is because the people did not believe in War communism.
The New Economic Policies meant that Russia returned to a partly capitalist society. This sorted out the problems of mass starvation and Famine which War communism had caused.
Lenin did not want Russia to stay in this way, he only introduced them to be supported again by the Russian people, and to revive the economy. In 1928 Joseph Stalin abolished the NEP.
History of the Soviet Union
1921 establishments
1920s establishments in the Soviet Union |
8554 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign%20aid | Foreign aid | Foreign aid is when one country helps another country. The country may give money or things; it may also send people. This is especially needed when a disaster happens in a poor country. Sometimes this help comes from a country's government and sometimes the ordinary people give money. Some foreign aid helps by giving food and clean water to people who need them. Most of the time it is a charity which donates to the poor countries. Some aid is for Economic development.
The poor countries are called LEDC's (Less Economically Developed Countries). The richer countries are called MEDC's (More Economically Developed Countries).
United Nations and Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development also work for such aid for poor countries.
References
Politics |
8556 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroelectricity | Hydroelectricity | Hydroelectricity''' is electricity made by generators that are turned by the movement of water. It is usually made with dams that partly block a river to make a reservoir of water. Water is released, and the pressure of the dam[potential energy stored in the dam] forces the water down pipes that lead to a turbine. This causes the turbine to turn, which turns a generator which makes electricity.
This renewable energy method makes about one sixth of the world's electricity. It produces less pollution than the fires of steam engines do. Some places such as Norway and Quebec get most of their electricity this way.
Because all methods have advantages and disadvantages, most countries have several ways to generate electricity. For example, hydroelectric methods have certain advantages, and atomic energy has quite different advantages. For most countries today, hydroelectric energy is the preferred, or one of the preferred methods.
Hydroelectric power plants
Advantages of hydroelectricity
The way the electricity is produced does not harm the environment as much as fossil fuels like oil or coal do. Hydroelectricity is very powerful and safe, and produces no waste.
An important advantage of hydroelectric dams is their ability to be used as a peaking power plant. When the electricity demand declines, the dam simply stores more water. Water that has been stored in a reservoir can be released (let go) when needed, so the energy can be made quickly. Some hydroelectricity generators use pumped storage to store excess energy (often during the night), by using the electricity to pump water up into a basin. Electricity can be generated when demand increases. This flexibility also makes hydroelectricity a good match for less controllable intermittent energy sources. When the wind is not blowing or the sun is not shining, hydroelectricity can be created.
Using stored water in river dams is sometimes complicated by irrigation needs which may happen out of phase with peak electrical demands.
Another advantage is that hydroelectricity cannot run out as long as there is a good water supply. Once the dam is built, the electricity costs very little, no waste or pollution is produced, and electricity can be generated whenever it is needed.
A few hydro turbines do not have a dam but instead use the current of the "run of the river". They produce less electricity and cannot store energy for later use.
Disadvantages of hydroelectricity
The building of large dams to hold water can damage the environment. In 1983, the Australian government stopped the Tasmanian state government from building a dam on the Gordon River in Tasmania after a huge public protest. The dam would have flooded the Franklin River. The Three Gorges Dam in China is the world's largest hydroelectricity project, and the world's largest power plant of any kind. The dam has flooded a huge area, meaning that 1.2 million people had to be moved. Scientists are concerned about many problems with the dam, such as pollution, silt, and the danger of the dam wall breaking.
References
Other websites
The Climate Change Guide easy-to-understand information on hydroelectricity
Technology
Hydropower |
8557 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mallaig | Mallaig | Mallaig is a small town in Scotland. It is also a port. Ferries link Mallaig, which is on the mainland, to some islands. About 797 lived there in 2001.
Towns in Scotland |
8559 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cramlington | Cramlington | Cramlington is a town in the county of Northumberland, in the north-east of England.
Cramlington is about five miles from the coast. The nearest beach is at Blyth, which is to the east. The county town of Morpeth is rather nearby.
Newcastle city is also close, which people of Cramlington can go and enjoy.
Cramlington is rather new, with lots of parks. The bicycle track system means cyclists can travel around the entire town without having to travel on the roads. The underpasses under the major roads mean children can walk around safe from traffic.
History
It was thought the Vikings were the first to settle in Cramlington. Until relatively recently it was made up of a few small mining villages, but was chosen to be a new town and since the 1960s, builders have enlarged the town to become the town of 40,000 it is today.
Facilites
The headquarters of The Officers Club menswear store is in Cramlington.
A large indoor shopping mall, Manor Walks, serves as the main shopping centre, next to the old village centre. There is a large leisure centre, Concordia, next to the shopping centre which has an indoor pool, climbing wall and well-equipped gym.
There are lots of Christian churches in the town including two Methodist, an Anglican church with two plants, as well as a Catholic church and a few Pentecostal and charismatic churches.
Cramlington Community High School is the only secondary school in the town, which passed the recent OFSTED inspection with 'outstanding' grades. The school system is about to be replaced with the two tier system, in which the high school will cater for 11-18 year olds.
Famous People
The comedian Ross Noble grew up in Cramlington.
References
Towns in Northumberland |
8561 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belfast | Belfast | Belfast (Irish: BΓ©al Feirste) is the capital of Northern Ireland. It is the second largest city in Ireland, after Dublin. About 270,000 people live in the city. It became capital of Northern Ireland when Northern Ireland was created in 1921. A lot of famous ships were built by the Belfast shipyard Harland and Wolff. In 1911 they built the RMS Titanic.
Capital cities in Europe |
8564 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dungeness | Dungeness | Dungeness is a place on the coast in Kent, England. There are two power stations there called Dungeness Nuclear Power Station. There are also two lighthouses.
Kent |
8565 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power%20station | Power station | A power station (or power plant) is a place where electricity is produced. Most do this by a big spinning electrical generator. In big powers stations the spinning is usually driven by a steam turbine. The steam may come from:
Burning fossil fuels
Nuclear power, using radioactive sources
Using the earth's heat, called geothermal energy
Using the sun's heat
Some do not use steam engines to spin the generator. Rather they use:
Hydropower, which uses the power of moving water to drive turbines
Using the wind to drive wind turbines
Internal combustion engine power
A few power stations use the sun's rays to generate solar power without motion. There are many power stations around the world, because many things need electricity to work.
Stations may be operated as Load following power plant, peaking power plant, or base load power plant.
Energy sources
Renewable energy resources
Renewable heat energy
Solar thermal power
Geothermal energy
Renewable flow energy
Hydro-electric power
Wind power
Wave power
Tidal power
Non-renewable energy resources
These all use heat as a source of energy.
Coal
Oil
Natural gas
Nuclear power
Solid-state electricity sources
These sources have no moving parts. They are more expensive than generators, and are used where other questions are more important.
Solar cell
Battery
Thermocouple
Other websites
Electricity |
8568 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mind | Mind | The mind is a general term for the way a person thinks, reasons, perceives, wills, has ideas, and feels. For science, what others call the mind is entirely caused by workings of the brain. The philosopher Gilbert Ryle called mind the "Ghost in the Machine". He said the idea that it was separate from the brain was the mistaken "Official Doctrine". However, some think that mind is separate from the body and is called a soul (see dualism).
Many people argue about what makes up the mind. Some say that only reason and memory are part of the mind, because they are conscious. In this view the emotions like love, hate, fear and joy are different from the mind. Some people with this view say the emotions are part of the heart. Others argue that our rational and emotional states cannot be separated and should all be part of what we call the mind.
People often use mind to mean the same as thought: the way we talk to ourselves "inside our heads". This is where the sayings "make up our minds," "change our minds" and "of two minds" come from. One of the important things of the mind in this sense is that it is private. No one else can "know our mind."
History of the word
The original meaning of the Old English gemynd was memory. This explains the sayings call to mind, come to mind, keep in mind, to have mind of, and so on. Old English had other words to express what we call "mind" today, such as hyge, meaning "mind, spirit".
The word mind gradually grew to mean all conscious thought over the 14th and 15th centuries.
Studying the mind
Aspects of the mind
Thought is when we absorb what happens around us so that we can deal with it effectively according to our plans and desires. Thinking is using information, like forming concepts, problem solving, reasoning and making choices.
Memory is when we store information in our minds, and can later recall it.
Imagination is the ability to invent worlds inside the mind, complete or not. The mind makes these by drawing on experience in the shared world.
Consciousness is knowing that we exist and the world exists, and being able to understand what happens around us.
Mental health
Just like the body, a mind can be healthy. The measure of this is called mental health. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), there is not one way to measure mental health in all people, because there are many things in our environment that might make what is mentally healthy different from one person to another. In general, most experts agree that "mental health" and "mental illness" are not opposites. In other words, not having a mental illness does not mean you are in good mental health.
One way to study mental health is by looking at how well a person lives. Signs of mental health include: feeling capable and happy, being able to handle normal levels of stress, making and keeping friends, leading an independent life, and being able to recover from difficult situations.
Philosophy
Philosophy of mind is the branch of philosophy that studies the nature of the mind and how it is linked to the body. The main problem is how the mind is related to the body, but there are also questions about the nature of the mind that do not talk about its relation to the physical body.
Dualism and monism are the two main ways people try to solve the mind-body problem. Dualism is when people believe that the mind and body are in some way separate from each other. It can be traced back to Plato, Aristotle, and the Samkhya and Yoga schools of Hindu philosophy, but it was most precisely formulated by RenΓ© Descartes in the 17th century.
Monism is the belief that mind and body are not physiologically and ontologically distinct kinds of entities. This view was first seen in Western philosophy by Parmenides in the 5th century BC and was later held by the 17th-century rationalist Baruch Spinoza. According to Spinoza, mind and body are two parts of a larger being.
Idealists think that the mind is all that exists and that the outside world is actually made up by the mind. Physicalists think that everything can be expressed by what is physical. Neutral monists believe that everything can be either mental or physical depending how you see it. For example, a red spot on a wall is physical, because it is an actual thing depending on the physical wall, but it is mental because our brain responds to the colour. The most common monisms in the 20th and 21st centuries have all been different kinds of physicalism, including behaviorism.
Psychology
Psychology is the study of the way we think, feel and act. It involves the scientific study of processes such as perception, cognition, feelings, personality, as well as things around us that might affect the way we think. From this study, psychologists try to form rules for why we act the way we do. Psychology also includes using this knowledge to help solve problems of everyday life and treat mental health problems.
Social psychology and group behaviour
Social psychology is the study of how we think, feel and act in groups of other people. Most people who study social psychology are either psychologists or sociologists.
Mind's eye
The phrase Mind's eye refers to the ability to see things with the mind.
Related pages
Trance
Cognition
References
Psychology
Philosophy |
8570 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reality | Reality | Reality means anything that exists. An event that has actually happened, or a thing which really exists is said to have "reality." Something close to reality is realistic.
Reality is the state of things as they are, rather than as they may appear or might be imagined. In a wider definition, reality includes everything that is and has been, whether or not we can see it and understand it. An even wider definition includes everything that has existed, exists, or will exist.
Reality is often contrasted with what is imaginary, delusional, in the mind, dreams, what is false, what is fictional, or what is abstract.
All the same, what is abstract plays a role in everyday life and in academic research. For instance, causality, virtue, life and justice are abstract concepts. They are difficult to define, but they are not pure delusions.
Television programs that are not scripted are called Reality TV.
Viewpoints on reality
Philosophy looks at the nature of reality itself, and the relationship between the mind (as well as language and culture) and reality.
Science: the view that the world described by science is the real world. The scientists' view of reality depends on evidence, tests and experiments, worked out by specialists. In the end, what ends up in textbooks is what an "invisible college" of scientists has agreed on.
References |
8573 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary%20Shelley | Mary Shelley | Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley (30 August 1797 β 1 February 1851) was an English author. She is best known for writing the novel Frankenstein. She was in her teens when she wrote the book. She later edited the poems of her husband, Percy Bysshe Shelley.
Biography
Mary Shelley was born on 30 August 1797 in London. She was the second daughter in her family. Her parents were Mary Wollstonecraft, a feminist, and William Godwin, a philosopher. Her mother died during the birth of Shelly. Her father got married again ery quickly. Mary got a great education, something most girls did not have at the time.
Early life
After her mother's death, Shelleylived with her older half-sister Fanny Imlay and their father. Fanny Imlay was Wollstonecraft's daughter from an affair she had with a soldier. Shelley's father married Mary Jane Clairmont in 1801. Clairmont already had two children and later had a son with Shelley's father. During that time, Shelleys's stepmother thought Shelley did not need be educated. Shelley did not give up because of that. She used her father's library and was often found reading by her mother's grave. Shelley's father often had visitors like Samuel Taylor Coleridge and William Wordsworth. She used those times to learn from them.
During May of 1816, Mary and her husband Percy Bysshe Shelley traveled to Lake Geneva. They spent the summer near the famous poet Lord Byron. In terms of English literature, it was a great summer. Percy began work on "Hymn To Intellectual Beauty" and "Mont Blanc". Mary was inspired to write her classic work.
Frankenstein
One evening, the group of young writers decided to have a contest telling horror stories. Another guest, Dr. Oliver Polidori, came up with The Vampyre. This later had a strong influence on Bram Stoker's Dracula. Other guests told scary stories, but Mary could not think of one. But that night, she dreamt of the story she had wanted to tell. She wrote it down, and in time, her story would be published as Frankenstein. It became more successful than any of the other writings produced that summer.
The year she published "The Modern Prometheus", known as Frankenstein was 1818. Mary was only 20 years-old. It is sometimes called the world's first science fiction novel. The ideas for both "Frankenstein" and Polidori's "The Vampyre" were from the famous poet, Lord Byron. The books "Frankenstein" and "The Vampyre" were both published on the same year. Once Mary Shelley published Frankenstein, her life became more interesting
Mary had many different sources for her work; one was the Promethean myth from Ovid. The influence of John Milton's Paradise Lost (the book the 'monster' finds in the cabin) is also seen in the novel. Also, both Shehad s had read William Beckford's Vathek.
Marriage and Family Life
In Mary Shelley's life, her romances led her father to disown her. When she was sixteen, Shelley met Percy Bysshe Shelley, who was 22 at the time. They both fell in love and ran away in 1814. By the time they returned to England, Mary was pregnant and her father wanted nothing to do with her. Returning to England in September of 1816, Mary and Shelley stunned their two families. First, in November, Mary's older half-sister, Fanny Imlay, left the Godwin home and took her own life at a distant inn. Only weeks later, Shelley's first wife drowned herself in London's Hyde Park. She did not welcome Shelley's invitation to join Mary and himself in their new household.
Shortly after Harriet's death, Shelley and Mary married, now with Godwin's blessing. Their attempts to gain custody of Shelley's two children by Harriet failed. Even though this happened, their writing careers enjoyed more success. In the spring of 1817, Mary finished Frankenstein. Mary had two sons and a daughter. The daughter died in infancy and the elder son when he was two. Mary and Percy were both vegetarians, and strong advocates for animal rights. One can see references to vegetarianism in her writing. For example, in her novel Frankenstein, the 'monster' was a vegetarian. After Percy's death in 1822, she returned to England to finished Shelley's writings. Also educating their only surviving child.
End Of Life
Mary Shelley died of brain cancer on February 1, 1851 in London. Her body got buried at St. Peter's Churchyard in Bournemouth, in the English county of Dorset
In Popular Culture
Four films have shown Mary Shelley, and the basic idea of the Frankenstein story in 1816: Gothic directed by Ken Russell (1986), Haunted Summer directed by Ivan Passer (1988), Remando al Viento (English title: Rowing with the Wind) directed by Gonzalo SuΓ‘rez (1988) and Mary Shelley directed by Haifaa al-Mansour (2017)
References
Other websites
Mary Shelley chronology and bibliography β part of Romantic Circles
Mary Shelley -Citizendium
1797 births
1851 deaths
British feminists
Deaths from brain cancer
English novelists
Vegetarians
Writers from London |
8574 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sum | Sum | The sum of two numbers is what we get when we add the two numbers together. This operation is called summation. There are a number of ways of writing sums, with the most common being:
Addition ()
Summation ()
Computerization:
Sum = 0
For I = M to N
Sum = Sum + X(I)
Next I (in Visual BASIC)
Sigma notation
Sigma notation is a mathematical notation to write long sums in a short way. Sigma notation uses the Greek letter Sigma (), and takes upper and lower bounds which tell us where the sum begins and where it ends. The lower bound usually has a variable (called the index, often denoted by , or ) along with a value, such as "". This tells us that the summation begins at 2, and goes up by 1 until it reaches the number on the top.
Properties
Applications
Sums are used to represent series and sequences. For example:
The geometric series of a repeating decimal can be represented in summation. For example:
The concept of an integral is a limit of sums, with the area under a curve being defined as:
Related pages
Product (mathematics)
References
Further reading
Nicholas J. Higham, "The accuracy of floating point summation", SIAM J. Scientific Computing 14 (4), 783β799 (1993).
Other websites
Sigma Notation on PlanetMath
Derivation of Polynomials to Express the Sum of Natural Numbers with Exponents
Arithmetics
Mathematical notation |
8575 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelson%20Mandela | Nelson Mandela | Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela (18 July 1918 β 5 December 2013) was a South African politician and activist. On April 27, 1994, he was made the first President of South Africa elected in a fully represented democratic election. He was also the first black President of his country, South Africa.
Mandela was born in Mvezo, South Africa to a Thembu royal family.
His government focused on throwing out the legacy of apartheid by ending racism, poverty, inequality, and on improving racial understanding in South Africa. Politically a believer in socialism, he served as the President of the African National Congress (ANC) from 1991 to 1997 and adopted new Constitution of South African in 1996 that prohibits all discrimination, based on language, religion, handicap and sexual orientation, not only on racism. Internationally, Mandela was the Secretary General of the Non-Aligned Movement from 1998 to 1999.
Mandela received more than 250 honors, including the 1993 Nobel Peace Prize, the US Presidential Medal of Freedom, and the Soviet Order of Lenin. He is often referred to by his Xhosa clan name, Madiba, or as Tata ("Father"). Mandela was described as a hero, and his actions gave thousands of people hope.
Mandela was sick for several years during his retirement. He was hospitalized in late summer of 2013 from a continuous lung infection. Mandela died on 5 December 2013 in Houghton Estate, Johannesburg from a respiratory tract infection. He was 95 years old.
Early life
Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela was born on 18 July 1918 in Mvezo, Umtata (now Mthatha), Transkei, South Africa. He had thirteen siblings by the same father, and two mothers. His parents were Gadla Henry Mphakanyiswa and Nosekeni Nonqaphi . His given name was Rolihlahla, a Xhosa name meaning pulling the branch of a tree or informally, troublemaker. He was a member of the Thembu royal family. On his first day of school, he was given the name Nelson by his teacher Miss Mdingane. Giving children in Africa English names was a custom among Africans during that period.
Mandela's father died when he was twelve. Mandela then lived with the local regent who sent him to school. He was the first member of his family to go to a school. He was expelled from Fort Hare University in 1941, because he led a group of students on political strike. After he was expelled, Nelson found a job as a night watchman.
Anti-apartheid activity
In 1944, Mandela helped start the African National Congress Youth League. He was soon a high-ranked leader of the group.
He wanted to free South Africa without violence, but the government started killing and hurting protesters. He then started Umkhonto we Sizwe with Walter Sisulu and other people in the African National Congress that he admired, such as Mahatma Gandhi.
A trial was later held and became known as the Rivonia Trial. Mandela was on trial because of his involvement in sabotage and violence in 1962. He was sentenced to life in prison, and was sent to Robben Island, but was transferred to Victor Verster Prison in 1988. In 1990, he was let out of Victor Verster Prison after 26.5 years. He left prison after de Klerk removed a ban on the African National Congress. He ordered Mandela's release. He then received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1993, with former State President of South Africa, Frederik Willem de Klerk.
Presidency
Mandela won the general election in April 1994. His inauguration was in Pretoria on 10 May 1994. Many people around the world saw his inauguration on television. The event had 4000 guests, including world leaders from different backgrounds. Mandela was the first South African President elected in a completely democratic election.
As South Africa's first black President, Mandela became head of the Government of National Unity which was under controlled by the African National Congress (or ANC). The ANC had no knowledge in politics, but had representatives from the National Party and Inkatha. In keeping with earlier promises, de Klerk became first Deputy President, while Thabo Mbeki was chosen second.
Although Mbeki had not been his first choice for President, Mandela soon trusted Mbeki throughout his presidency. This allowed Mbeki to organize policy details. Mandela moved into the presidential office at Tuynhuys in Cape Town. He would settle into the nearby Westbrooke Manor. Westbrooke was renamed Genadendal. Preserving his Houghton home, he also had a house built in his home village of Qunu. He visited Qunu regularly, walking around the area, meeting with local people who lived there, and judging tribal problems.
He faced many illness at age 76. Although having energy, he felt left out and lonely. He often entertained celebrities, such as Michael Jackson, Whoopi Goldberg, and the Spice Girls. He became friends with a number of rich business people, like Harry Oppenheimer and British monarch Elizabeth II on her March 1995 state visit to South Africa. This resulted in strong judgment from ANC anti-capitalists. Despite his surroundings, Mandela lived simply, donating a third of his $552,000 wealth to the Nelson Mandela Children's Fund, which he had founded in 1995. In that same year, Mandela published his autobiography, Long Walk to Freedom.
Although in favor of freedom of the press, Mandela was important of much of the country's media because it was owned and run by many middle-class whites. Mandela became known for his use of Batik shirts, known as Madiba shirts, even on normal events. Mandela had never planned on serving a second term in office. Mandela gave his farewell speech on 29 March 1999, after which he retired. Mandela's term ended on 14 June 1999. Thabo Mbeki succeeded Mandela as President of South Africa.
Nobel Prize
He won the Nobel Peace Prize for his leadership for his anti-apartheid activism in 1993. After receiving the prize he said:
<blockquote>"We stand here today as nothing more than a representative of the millions of our people who dared to rise up against a social operation whose very essence is war, violence, racism, oppression, repression and the impoverishment of an entire people."</p>
</blockquote>
Personal life
Mandela was married three times and has six children. He had seventeen grandchildren, and a growing number of great-grandchildren. Though physically non-emotional with his children, he could be stern and demanding.
Mandela married Evelyn Ntoko Mase in October 1944. They had two children. Mandela remained married to Evelyn until they divorced in 1957. Evelyn died in 2004. He then married Winnie Madikizela in 1958. They had two daughters. The couple filed for separation in 1992. They divorced in 1996. Mandela married again to Graça Machel, on his 80th birthday in 1998. She was the widow of Samora Machel. Machel was the former Mozambican president and ANC ally who was killed in an air crash 12 years earlier.
Though publicly criticizing him on several events, Mandela liked United States President Bill Clinton. Mandela personally supported him during his impeachment trial in 1998.
Public retirement
In June 2004, Mandela announced that he was retiring from public life. Mandela said "Don't call me, I will call you". Although continuing to meet with close friends and family, the Nelson Mandela Foundation denied invitations for him to appear at public events and most interview requests.
Health
On 27 March 2013, Mandela was hospitalized in Pretoria from a lung infection. It was reported on 28 March that he was responding well to treatment. Mandela was again hospitalized on 7 June from another lung infection, On 23 June, his condition was announced to be critical. On 26 June, it was announced that Mandela was put on life-support. On 4 July, Mandela's family announced that Mandela was under life-support and he was in a permanent persistent vegetative state. The next day, the South African government denied the fact that Mandela was in a vegetative state. Mandela was discharged from the hospital on 1 September 2013.
2013 death rumor
Many South Africans thought that Mandela died overnight on 26 June after he was removed from his life support. The South African government said that Mandela is still alive despite the rumor that he died. It was later reported that the rumor was just a death hoax. CNN also reported that Mandela died, but later fixed the report soon afterwards. Photos were taken with Mandela and First Lady Michelle Obama as proof that Mandela was still alive.
Death
Mandela died on 5 December 2013 at his home at Houghton Estate, Johannesburg from complications of a respiratory tract infection, aged 95. He was surrounded by his family when he died. His death was announced by President Jacob Zuma.
On 6 December, Zuma announced a national mourning for ten days. An event for an official memorial service was held at the FNB Stadium in Johannesburg on Tuesday 10 December. He declared Sunday 8 December a national day of prayer: "We call upon all our people to gather in halls, churches, mosques, temples, synagogues and in their homes to pray and hold prayer services and meditation reflecting on the life of Madiba and his contribution to our country and the world."
Funeral
Mandela's body lay in state from 11 to 13 December at the Union Buildings in Pretoria. A state funeral was held on Sunday 15 December in Qunu. David Cameron, Barack Obama, Raul Castro, Bill Gates, and Oprah Winfrey were there.
Burial
On 28 June Mandela's family were arguing about where to bury Mandela. On 29 June the South African government announced that a memorial service for Mandela will be held 10 to 14 days after his death at Soccer City. On 1 July it was announced that if Mandela were to die he might become the first non-British person to be honored at Westminster Abbey. Queen Elizabeth II honored Mandela with a thanksgiving service at Westminster Abbey in early 2014. This made Mandela the first non-British person to be honored at Westminster Abbey. Mandela was buried in the village of Qunu in the Eastern Cape of South Africa. Qunu is where he grew up.
Honors
In South Africa, Mandela is sometimes called by his Xhosa clan name of Madiba.
Nelson Mandela was honored with the following:
In 1990, Mandela received the Bharat Ratna Award in India.
In 1992 received Pakistan's Nishan-e-Pakistan.
In 1992, he was awarded the AtatΓΌrk Peace Award by Turkey. He refused the award, because of human rights violations committed by Turkey at the time. He later accepted the award in 1999.
In 1993, Mandela won the Nobel Peace Prize with F. W. de Klerk for their work during the civil rights revolution in South Africa.
In 1993, Mandela received the key of the city of Chicago, Illinois from Mayor Richard M. Daley.
In 2007, Mandela was honored with a statue in Westminster Abbey, London, England.
In 2009, the United Nations made 18 July Mandela Day.
In 2012, the Praia International Airport in Cape Verde was renamed as the Nelson Mandela International Airport.
In 2013, a statue of Mandela was unveiled in the South African embassy outside of Washington, D.C..
The city of Johannesburg awarded him Freedom of the City.
Sandton Square in Johannesburg was renamed Nelson Mandela Square in March 2004.
The Nelson Mandela Bay Stadium was named in his honor.
The Nelson Mandela Bridge, in Johannesburg was also named in his honor.
Mandela was awarded the US Presidential Medal of Freedom by then-President of the United States George W. Bush.
Mandela was awarded the Order of Canada.
Mandela was the first living person made an honorary Canadian citizen.
Mandela was the last recipient of the Soviet Union's Lenin Peace Prize from the Soviet Union.
Mandela first recipient of the Al-Gaddafi International Prize for Human Rights
Mandela was honored with the Order of the Aztec Eagle by the Mexican government.
A park in Leicester, England was named Nelson Mandela Park was named after Mandela.
Elizabeth II awarded him the Bailiff Grand Cross of the Order of St John.
Mandela was also awarded the Order of Merit by Elizabeth II.
Movies
Mandela has been portrayed in movies and television. In the 1997 movie, Mandela and de Klerk, Sidney Poitier plays Mandela. Dennis Haysbert plays Mandela in Goodbye Bafana (2007). In the 2009 BBC television movie, Mrs Mandela, Nelson Mandela is played by David Harewood. In 2009, Morgan Freeman plays Mandela in Invictus (2009). Terrence Howard also plays Mandela in the 2011 movie Winnie Mandela. Mandela appeared as himself in the 1992 American movie Malcolm X. In Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom he was played by Idris Elba.
Legacy
By the time of his death, Mandela had come to be widely considered "the father of the nation" within South Africa. He is also seen as "the national liberator, the savior, its Washington and Lincoln rolled into one". Throughout his life, Mandela had also faced criticism. Margaret Thatcher attracted international attention for describing the ANC as "a typical terrorist organization" in 1987. She later made favors to release Mandela from prison. Mandela has also been criticized for his friendship with political leaders such as Fidel Castro, Muammar Gaddafi, Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, and Suharto.
References
Other websites
Nelson Mandela Centre of Memory
Mandela: An Audio History
The Elders
CBC Digital ArchivesΒ β Nelson Mandela: Prisoner, president, peacemaker
Nelson Mandela Day β official site
1918 births
2013 deaths
Activists
People associated with Apartheid
Autobiographers
Christians
Deaths from respiratory tract infection
Disease-related deaths in South Africa
Knights of the Order of St John
Mthatha
Order of Merit
Order of Prince Henry
Recipients of the Nishan-e-Pakistan
Recipients of the Order of the Aztec Eagle
Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients
Presidents of South Africa
South African Nobel Prize winners
South African political writers
Time People of the Year |
8576 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Lost%20World%3A%20Jurassic%20Park | The Lost World: Jurassic Park | The Lost World: Jurassic Park (known also as The Lost World) is an American movie directed by Steven Spielberg. It was released in 1997. It is the sequel to the movie Jurassic Park. The Lost World is the second in a series of three movies. It was followed by Jurassic Park III and Jurassic World. It is based on a book by Michael Crichton, and sticks generally to the plot of the book. The movie was quite successful but not as much as the first.
Other websites
1990s adventure movies
1997 science fiction movies
Jurassic Park movies
Movies set in islands
Jungle movies
Movies based on books
Movies composed by John Williams
Movies directed by Steven Spielberg
Sequel movies
Universal Pictures movies |
8577 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mario%20Party%206 | Mario Party 6 | Mario Party 6 is a party board video game for the Nintendo GameCube. It is the sixth game in the Mario Party series. It was released in Japan on November 18, 2004, in North America on December 6, 2004, and in Europe on March 18, 2005. It is the first Mario Party game to use the Nintendo GameCube's microphone add-on.
Gameplay
Mario Party 6 plays the same as previous games in the Mario Party series. Players go around on boards to collect coins, which they can use to buy stars. Movement is done with the use of a dice block with the numbers one through 10. After all four players take their turns, a mini-game is played. The player that wins the mini-game wins coins. The winner is the player with the most stars at the end of the game. In multiplayer, the sun will rise and fall every three turns. Changes that happen include spaces moving, new characters appearing, and changes to mini-games.
Six boards are in the game. The last one has to be unlocked. Players can play as 11 characters. One of them, Toadette, makes her first playable appearance in a Mario Party game in this game.
2004 video games
Nintendo GameCube games
Mario Party games
Video games developed in Japan
Nintendo GameCube-only games
Nintendo games by franchise
Party video games
Board games |
8578 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don%20Quixote | Don Quixote | Don Quixote is a novel by Miguel de Cervantes. The book was published in two parts (1605 and 1615). It was first written in Spanish. Soon afterwards it was translated to English by Thomas Shelton. It is considered by many scholars to be the first modern novel. The main character, Don Quixote, is a paragon of chivalry, but in a deeply flawed and impractical way. Don Quixote is so influential as a character that the word "quixotic" is used to describe his type of behavior.
The story is about Alonso Quixano, a rich middle-aged man. Quixano, having read many tales about chivalry and knights, goes crazy and believes that he is a knight named Don Quixote. He rides around the country with his squire, Sancho, having adventures. He believes his adventures are real, but everyone else laughs at him.
One of the most famous stories in the book is Don Quixote's fight with windmills. He sees some windmills and thinks they are giants. When he rides to fight with them, he is knocked off his horse. Sancho tells him they are only windmills, but Don Quixote does not believe him. He is sure a magician changed windmills into the giants to hurt him.
At the end of the book, Alonso Quixano returns home, hurt badly. He becomes sane again, then dies.
17th-century books
Novels
Spanish-language literature |
8580 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swim | Swim | For living creatures, a swim or swimming is a way of moving in water. Swimming is an activity that can be both useful and recreational. Its primary uses are bathing, cooling, fishing, recreation, exercise, and sport.
Human swimming
Swimming has been known amongst humans since prehistoric times; the earliest record of swimming dates back to Stone Age, from around 7,000 years ago. Competitive swimming started in Europe around 1800 and was part of the first modern 1896 Summer Olympics in Athens, though not in a form comparable to the contemporary events. It was not until 1908 that regulations were implemented by the International Swimming Federation to produce competitive swimming.
Related pages
List of water sports
Winter swimming
References
Basic English 850 words
Survival skills
Healthy lifestyle |
8583 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archimedes | Archimedes | Archimedes of Syracuse () was a Greek scientist. He was an inventor, an astronomer, and a mathematician. He was born in the town of Syracuse in Sicily.
His father was Phidias, an astronomer, and he may have been in the family of a king of Syracuse. Syracuse was a rich Greek city, on the seashore in Sicily. When Archimedes was about ten years old, he left Syracuse to study in Alexandria, Egypt. He was in the school of Euclid, a famous mathematician. Not much is known about the personal life of Archimedes, for example, whether he was married or if he had children.
When the Romans invaded Syracuse, they captured Archimedes so they could learn all of the things he knew. About two years after he was drawing a mathematical diagram in the sand and enraged a soldier by refusing to go to meet the Roman general until he had finished working on the problem. The Roman killed him. His last words are supposed to have been "Do not disturb my circles!"
Spherical geometry
On the Sphere and Cylinder is a work that was published by Archimedes in two volumes in about 225 BC. On the sphere, he showed that the surface area is four times the area of its great circle. In modern terms, this means that the surface area is equal to:
The surface area of a cylinder is equal to:
The volume of the cylinder is:
The volume of the contained ball is two-thirds the volume of a "circumscribed" cylinder. meaning that the volume is
A sculpted sphere and cylinder were placed on the tomb of Archimedes at his request.
Archimedes the scientist
Archimedes is also well known for being the first person to understand statics, which is a part of applied mathematics. It has to do with loads that do not move, for example in buildings or bridges. He also understood and wrote about what happens when things float in liquids, which is called buoyancy.
Archimedes' principle
Archimedes' principle: the weight of water displaced by an object equals the amount of buoyancy it gets. It has practical uses. It can be used to measure the density of an object, and hence whether or not it is made of gold.
The story of the golden crown does not appear in the surviving works of Archimedes. Archimedes may have got a solution known in hydrostatics as Archimedes' principle, which he describes in his treatise On Floating Bodies. This principle states that a body immersed in a fluid experiences a buoyant force equal to the weight of the fluid it displaces. Using this principle, it would have been possible to compare the density of the golden crown to that of solid gold by balancing the crown on a scale with a gold reference sample, then immersing the apparatus in water. The difference in density between the two samples would cause the scale to tip accordingly. Galileo considered it "probable that this method is the same that Archimedes followed, since, besides being very accurate, it is based on demonstrations found by Archimedes himself".
Archimedes, the inventor and engineer
Archimedes is also famous as an inventor because he made new tools and machines. For example, he made a machine to lift water that could be used by farmers to bring water to their crops. This is called Archimedes' screw.
Archimedes probably also invented a machine to measure distance, an odometer. A cart was built with wheels that turned four hundred times in one mile. A pin on the wheel would hit a 400-tooth gear, so it turned once for every mile. This gear would then make a small stone fall into a cup. At the end of a journey one could count the number of stones in the cup to find the distance.
Archimedes also made a system which one person could pull a large ship with just one rope. This was called the compound pulley. This is an important machine which is even today helps people in everyday life, although the versions we now use are much more complicated. They still work by the same principle, through.
Archimedes at war
Archimedes also invented or made many machines used in war, for example he made better catapults. This was during the Punic Wars, which were between Rome in what is now Italy and the city of Carthage in what is now North Africa. For many years he helped stop the Roman army from attacking Syracuse, his city. One war machine was called the "claw of Archimedes", or the "iron hand". It was used to defend the city from attacks by ships. Ancient writers said that it was a kind of crane with a hook that lifted ships out of the water and caused their destruction.
Another story about Archimedes is that he burned Roman ships from far away using many mirrors and the light from the sun. This is perhaps possible, but it is perhaps more likely that this was done with flaming missiles from a catapult.
Tributes to Archimedes
Archimedes is thought to be so important as a mathematician that scientists have honoured him:
A large hole or crater on the moon is named after Archimedes.
Some mountains on the moon are called the Montes Archimedes.
References
280s BC births
210s BC deaths
Ancient Greeks |
8584 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio | Radio | Radio is a way to send electromagnetic signals over a long distance, to deliver information from one place to another. A machine that sends radio signals is called a transmitter, while a machine that "picks up" the signals is called a receiver or antenna. A machine that does both jobs is a "transceiver". When radio signals are sent out to many receivers at the same time, it is called a broadcast.
Television also uses radio signals to send pictures and sound.
Airplanes and other things may be used under radio control. Radio signals can be used to lock and unlock the doors in a car from a distance.
Sound can be sent by radio, sometimes through Frequency Modulation (FM) or Amplitude Modulation (AM).
History of radio
Many people worked to make radio possible. After James Clerk Maxwell predicted them, Heinrich Rudolf Hertz in Germany first showed that radio waves exist. Guglielmo Marconi in Italy made radio into a practical tool of telegraphy, used mainly by ships at sea. He is sometimes said to have invented radio. Later inventors learned to transmit voices, which led to broadcasting of news, music and entertainment.
Uses of radio
Radio was first created as a way to send telegraph messages between two people without wires, but soon two-way radio brought voice communication, including walkie-talkies and eventually mobile phones.
Now an important use is to broadcast music, news and entertainers including "talk radio". Radio shows were used before there were TV programs. In the 1930s the US President started sending a message about the country every week to the American people. Companies that make and send radio programming are called radio stations. These are sometimes run by governments, and sometimes by private companies, who make money by sending advertisements. Other radio stations are supported by local communities. These are called community radio stations. In the early days manufacturing companies would pay to broadcast complete stories on the radio. These were often plays or dramas. Because companies who made soap often paid for them, these were called "soap operas".
Radio waves are still used to send messages between people. Talking to someone with a radio is different than "talk radio". Citizens band radio and amateur radio use specific radios to talk back and forth. Policemen, firemen and other people who help in emergency use a radio emergency communication system to communicate (talk to each other). It is like a mobile phone, (which also uses radio signals) but the distance they reach is shorter and both people must use the same kind of radio.
The word "radio" is sometimes used to mean only voiceband broadcasting. Most voiceband broadcasting uses lower frequency and longer wavelength than most television broadcasting.
Microwaves have even higher frequency; shorter wavelength. They also are used to transmit television and radio programs, and for other purposes. Communications satellites relay microwaves around the world.
A radio receiver does not need to be directly in view of the transmitter to receive programme signals. Low frequency radio waves can bend around hills by diffraction, although repeater stations are often used to improve the quality of the signals.
Shortwave radio frequencies are also reflected from an electrically charged layer of the upper atmosphere, called the Ionosphere. The waves can bounce between the ionosphere and the earth to reach receivers that are not in the line of sight because of the curvature of the Earth's surface. They can reach very far, sometimes around the world.
Radio telescopes receive radio waves from the sky to study astronomical objects. Satellite navigation uses radio to determine location, and radar uses it to find and track things.
Related pages
Crystal radio
Media studies
Radio wave
Wireless
References |
8585 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vandalism | Vandalism | Vandalism is a crime that is done by destroying or damaging the property of someone else. This can include graffiti and website damage.
A person that does this is called a vandal. The name comes from the Vandals, a tribe that attacked and damaged the city of Rome in 455 CE.
Examples
Many websites, such as wikis (like Wikipedia), forums, and blogs, can be changed by anyone. Because of this, they can be "vandalized" by adding comments or replacing everything on the page with spam, nonsense or other silly content. It is a kind of trolling, and these websites have special users, called administrators, whose job is to remove the vandalism and to block users who do not stop vandalizing.
Examples of physical vandalism include salting lawns, cutting trees without permission, egg throwing, breaking windows, arson, spraying paint on others' properties, tagging,
Types of crime
Property crimes |
8586 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monopoly%20%28game%29 | Monopoly (game) | Monopoly is a board game played by two to eight players. In the game, players move around the spaces of the board, buying and selling land and buildings to try to become the richest player.
Many books give advice on how to win the game. An early book, 1000 Ways to Win Monopoly Games was written by Jeffrey S. Lehman (who later became President of Cornell University) and Jay S. Walker (founder of priceline.com.)
History
Monopoly was created by Elizabeth Magie as a teaching tool based on the economic concept of land monopoly. Magie created the game in 1903, to explain the single tax theory of Henry George. She wanted her game to be an educational tool to highlight the negative aspects of concentrating land in private monopolies. Her game, which she called "The Landlord's Game", was self-published, beginning in 1906. The original rules included several ways to play the game, including one where players could agree to share the land rents and everyone would win.
In 1934, Charles Darrow in Philadelphia found The Landlord's Game and thought that the game was more exciting when players didn't share their land rents. He published his own version of the game where making money was the focus of the game, and called it "Monopoly." Later on, he sold his game to Parker Brothers, who falsely credited Charles Darrow as the creator of the game.
The Board
On the Monopoly board are 40 spaces. In the four corners of the board are GO, Free Parking, JAIL, and Go to Jail. Along the sides of the board are properties (streets and businesses) for sale. The properties are: 22 streets (each marked with one of eight colors), 4 railroad stations, the Electric Company and the Water Works. There are also spaces called Income Tax, Luxury Tax, Community Chest and Chance.
In the original version, the properties and railroad stations were named after the streets in Atlantic City in New Jersey in the United States. In the British original version, they are named after streets in London.
Setting up the Game
To prepare for the game, the board is put in position. The Chance and Community Chest cards are shuffled and placed face down on the board. Each player chooses a token (a playing piece), such as a thimble, a rocking horse, a boot, a dog, etc. (the tokens vary depending on the edition), and places it on GO. One player is chosen to be the banker - this player is trusted with handing out money from the bank and collecting players' spent money during the game.
The banker gives each player $1500 to start with. Each player rolls the dice, and the player who rolled the highest total takes the first turn.
Rules
The object of the game is to own as much land (property) and to be the richest player.
The rules can be found in every Monopoly box, but a summary is listed here.
Moving Around The Board
On your turn, you roll the dice and move your token forward (clockwise around the edge of the board) the same number of spaces as the sum of the dice you rolled. You must then follow the instructions of whatever space your token lands on.
If you land on a property that no player owns, you may buy it from the Bank at the price printed on the board. If you do not want to buy it, the Banker sells it at an auction to all players. The player who landed on this property may join in this auction even though they originally said they didn't want to buy the property. The player who buys the property (or wins the auction) pays their money to the Bank and gets the card for the property from the Bank, which lists important information about the property.
If you land on a property another player owns, you must pay them the rent that is listed on the property's card. There is no penalty if you land on a property you own - in this case, you don't have to do anything.
If you land on Chance or Community Chest, you must draw the top card from the corresponding deck and follow its instructions. Chance cards usually cause you to move to different spaces on the board, and Community Chest cards usually give you bonus money or force you to pay money to the Bank. When you're done with a card, put it on the bottom of the deck it came from unless the card says you may keep it. Once you use that card it should go back to the bottom of the pile.
If you land on GO or pass over it while moving your token, you collect $200 from the Bank.
If you land on Free Parking, nothing bad (or good) happens to you - it's just a "free" resting space.
If you land on Income Tax, you must calculate 10% of the value of everything you own and pay that much money to the Bank. The "value of everything you own" is found by adding up the prices printed on the board for all unmortgaged properties you own (more on mortgages later), the mortgage values of all mortgaged properties you own, the purchase prices of all houses and hotels you own (more on buildings later) and your cash on hand. You may choose to skip this calculation and pay $200 instead, but you must choose how you want to pay your taxes before making any calculations.
If you land on Luxury Tax, you must pay the amount of money shown on the space to the Bank.
If you roll doubles (the same number on both dice), you get to take another turn after this one is over. However, if you roll doubles three times in a row, you don't get your third turn but you must go directly to Jail (see below).
Jail
The Jail space has two sections, labeled IN JAIL and JUST VISITING. If you land on Jail by your normal roll of the dice, place your token on JUST VISITING and nothing bad (or good) happens to you. But there are three ways to be placed IN JAIL:
You land on the space labeled Go to Jail.
You draw a Chance or Community Chest card that says "GO TO JAIL."
You roll doubles three times in a row.
If you are put into Jail, take your token from wherever it is and place it directly on IN JAIL. This does not count as a move, so if this causes you to go past GO, you don't collect $200 from the Bank. If you are put in Jail, your turn ends immediately, even if you rolled doubles and would get to take another turn.
While you are in Jail, you still roll the dice on your turn but you don't get to move your token. There are three ways to get out of Jail:
If you roll a double for your turn, you get to leave Jail and move your token as normal. However, even though you rolled doubles, you don't get another turn.
Use a "Get Out Of Jail, Free" card to leave Jail and move according to the roll of your dice.
Pay a fine of $50 to the Bank to leave Jail and move forward according to your roll. If you don't roll doubles for three turns in a row, you must choose this option.
If you role doubles and the fist doubles land on a go to jail you do not go to Jail
Note that being in Jail doesn't prevent you from doing anything else in the game - it just stops your token from moving around the board.
Building and Trading
Once you own all the streets of the same color, you can start to build houses on them. The more houses on your streets, the more you can charge for the rent when an opponent lands on one - the exact amounts are listed on each street's card. You can also sell houses back to the Bank for half the cost you paid for them.
Once you have four houses on a street, you may buy a hotel to further increase the rent you can charge. Buying a hotel requires not only a cash payment but also requires you to return the four houses on the street back to the bank. There can only be one hotel on each property. If you sell a hotel, you get back the houses that you exchanged in order to build the hotel.
When building and selling houses and hotels, you must build evenly - in other words, you may not buy or sell a house from a street if this would make the street have two more houses or two fewer houses than another street in the same color group. For example, you have to build one house on each street in a color before you can build a second house on any street in that color, and you must have four houses on each street in a color in order to buy a hotel on any of the streets in that color.
The game only comes with 32 houses and 12 hotels. If the Bank runs out of houses or hotels, no players may build any more of them until the Bank gets more of them (for example, if players sell them or exchange houses for a hotel). If there are only a few buildings left in the Bank and more than one player wants to buy them, the Banker must sell them at an auction to the players who want them.
This also means that if you're trying to sell a hotel and there aren't enough houses to put back on the street, you can't sell the hotel. An exception to this is that if all streets in a color have hotels on them, you may sell all the hotels at once and get back half the price you paid for the hotels + half the total price of all the houses that you exchanged in order to build these hotels.
You can sell any properties to another player for any price that you both agree on. But if you have houses or a hotel on the street, you must sell all of them back to the Bank before you can do so.
You can take a loan from the Bank by mortgaging properties you own. Each property has a mortgage value listed on its card, which is how much money you get from the Bank if you mortgage the property. If a property is mortgaged, you do not collect rent when opponents land on it. To unmortgage a property, you have to pay the original mortgage value plus 10% interest back to the Bank. For example, if a property's mortgage value were $100, you would get $100 from the Bank if you choose to mortgage the property, but 10% of $100 is $10 so you would have to pay $110 back to the Bank to unmortgage the property. If there are houses or hotels on a property you want to mortgage, you must sell them all back to the Bank before you can do so.
If you give a mortgaged property to another player as part of a trade, they may unmortgage the property right away by paying the normal cost (mortgage value plus 10% interest). If they choose not to unmortgage the property, they must still pay the 10% interest, and later they can unmortgage the property by paying the mortgage value plus another 10% interest.
End of the Game
If you owe more money to another player or to the Bank than you can pay, you are allowed to sell your buildings, mortgage your properties and make trades with other players to try to get the money you need.
If you cannot get enough money after doing the above, you are bankrupt! This means you must hand everything you own to the player you owe money to (or back to the Bank, if you owe money to the Bank, and the Bank auctions each property to the other players) and you are eliminated from the game.
After all but one of the players have been eliminated, the last remaining player wins.
Before the game begins, players can agree to play a short game. If they do, the game ends as soon as one player is eliminated. Then all the remaining players add up the total value of everything they own (the prices printed on the board for all unmortgaged properties they own + the mortgage values of all mortgaged properties they own + the purchase prices of all houses and hotels they own + their cash on hand) and the richest player wins.
Different editions
There are many editions of Monopoly. Officially-licensed editions are produced by Hasbro itself or by USAopoly, and unofficial editions are published by Toy Vault. Official versions are named " Monopoly" (such as "Star Wars Monopoly") and feature the Monopoly logo, and unofficial versions are named "-Opoly" (such as "Python-Opoly") and do not feature the Monopoly logo.
Milton Bradley has produced editions to symbolize the decades of popular culture in America. For example, The 1970's Monopoly has spaces depicting the fashion of the time. Players can purchase bell bottom blue jeans instead of street properties.
A number of video game adaptations have been made. In addition, many electronic editions exist that use credit cards instead of paper money.
In India, a similar game is called Business.
In Egypt, a similar game is called Ψ¨ΩΩ Ψ§ΩΨΨΈ (The Bank of Luck).
Acquire is another game with rules for more advanced business practices with stocks, but has similar basic concepts of Monopoly (owning properties of the same color, buying land and building on it, making the most money, etc.).
Uses for Monopoly
People play Monopoly for different reasons. Some may play for family game night, others use it as a learning tool at school, and others play it just to have fun.
Monopoly may be used as a teaching tool to teach children a variety of lessons while having fun. It teaches how to make deals when trading, playing fair (because cheaters never win), knowing the value of money, addition and subtraction, good sportsmanship, the thrill of competition, strategies and organization. At an elementary level, βit offers a marvelous vehicle for teaching mathematicsβ. Through the game, children explore different areas of mathematics: not only adding and subtracting but also probability, percentages, and patterns. At a higher level, teachers can use Monopoly to teach microeconomics principles.
Random Facts
About every 15 turns a player would go to "Jail" at least once.
Monopoly is now licensed in 114 countries and in 47 different languages.
Within the first month, Parker Brothers were producing 20,000 sets a week.
Ralph Anspash created a rival game called Anti-Monopoly, but was not as successful as Monopoly
References
Board games |
8587 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Still%20Standing | Still Standing | Still Standing is a CBS sitcom starring Mark Addy. It is about a working-class couple who live in Chicago, Illinois. Addy's character is a father of three with a wife named Judy (Jami Gertz). Judy and Addy's character, Bill Miller, deal with having an annoying relative, Aunt Linda (Jennifer Irwin), and with having children of different ages. It was first shown in September 2002. Lifetime had the rights to have the show in 2005. It ended in March 2006.
Other websites
CBS
Lifetime
2002 American television series debuts
2006 American television series endings
2000s American television series
American sitcoms
CBS network shows
Television series set in Chicago, Illinois
English-language television programs |
8588 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/IGN | IGN | IGN is a gaming website that was first launched in 2000. It has FAQ's, guides, and walkthroughs about many of the games on GameCube, PC, PlayStation 2, Xbox, Wii, PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, Xbox One, and the PlayStation 4, as well as older systems. IGN's main competitor is GameSpot, another gaming website.
IGN also features a popular message board, with a lot of members.
Other websites
Official website
Entertainment websites |
8589 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sock | Sock | Socks are often worn on a person's feet. They absorb sweat and help to keep the foot dry. Socks also give comfort to people's feet and keep them warm in cold weather. They are usually made of cotton or wool. Some socks can cover only the foot and ankle, and others may be long enough to cover the entire lower leg up to the knee. Toe socks are socks that wrap each toe separate from the others. Socks can be worn on the feet. Socks come in an array of different colors. Generally, white socks are worn for everyday or athletic use, and dark socks (black, brown, gray, or navy blue) are worn with business or formal wears. Some dress socks have patterns on them; these are called "argyles".
Phone socks
People often refer to sleeves that cover phones as 'socks'. These come in many different forms, colourful or plain. They help to protect the mobile phone whilst also being a stylish addition. Not many people use phone socks anymore because they seem to be old and out of use however some people still prefer to use them
Other websites
Basic English 850 words
Footwear |
8590 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Everybody%20Loves%20Raymond | Everybody Loves Raymond | Everybody Loves Raymond is an American television series. It stars Ray Romano. The series was a popular sitcom on the CBS network.
Overview
Ray Romano plays Ray Barone, a sports writer in Lynbrook, New York. Patricia Heaton plays his wife, Debra. Ray and Deborah have a fun set of neighbors: Ray's parents. Robert, Ray's "loser" brother, is a police officer, and is very unlucky in love. By the end of season seven, however, he marries a woman named Amy. The show aired from September 13, 1996 to May 16, 2005.
Other websites
1996 American television series debuts
2005 American television series endings
1990s American sitcoms
2000s American sitcoms
CBS network shows
Television series about families
Television series set in New York
English-language television programs |
8591 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lighthouse | Lighthouse | A lighthouse is a tall building that sends out light for use in navigation. Lighthouses are built on the coast of an ocean or lake. The lighthouse protects ships from crashing into shore, by sending the light out towards the sea. When sailors see the light, they know to avoid hitting the shore. The light usually turns in a circle so that ships see a flashing light. The light is usually covered by a Fresnel lens. This lens enables the light to travel a far distance.
One of the most famous lighthouses was the Lighthouse of Alexandria. It was on an island near the coast. That island was called Pharos. Even today, in many languages, the word for lighthouse comes from the name of the island.
Almost all lighthouses are automatic now. |
8592 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan%20of%20Arcadia | Joan of Arcadia | Joan of Arcadia was a CBS drama television series. It starred Amber Tamblyn. Tamblyn's character was Joan Girardi, a teenager with the ability to talk to God.
In its second season, the show had 8.5 million viewers per episode. However, after declining ratings the show was canceled. A third season was never made.
Fantasy television series
2003 television series debuts
CBS network shows
English-language television programs |
8593 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunchbox | Lunchbox | A lunchbox is used to carry a person's lunch. They can come in many shapes and sizes and by a number of manufacturers. They can also be in the form of a brown paper bag.
The first aluminium lunch box was created in 1954 by a man by the name of Leo May when he happened to crush his tin lunch box.
Containers |
8594 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Game%20of%20Life | The Game of Life | The Game of Life is a popular board game. Players spin a spinner, which tells them where to go next. They then go through an imaginary "life," getting married and having kids. The object of the game is to have more money than the other players by the end of the game.
Wasted time that you gave us. Thank you
Board games |
8595 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poster | Poster | A poster is a large piece of printed paper that has a message, usually with picture of something. Posters are made to be shown in public on a wall or other flat surfaces. They were the main form of public advertising before the web.
Posters may be used for advertising, education, propaganda, and decoration. They may also be copies of famous works of art.
Chromolithography and the poster
Chromolithography (color lithography) was invented by Engelmann & Son, who were granted a patent in 1837. After that, it was a matter of time before it reached full commercial development.
Because of its low production costs, over the 50 years after the American Civil War, millions of chromolithographs were printed and were sold for under $10. Louis Prang, a Bostonian, produced fine-art subjects, such as still lifes, landscapes, and classical subjects. Nevertheless, it was only after 1847 that the Jules ChΓ©ret posters showed their potential.
Examples
Jules ChΓ©ret
19th century posters in the US
General source:
Louis John Rhead
Edward Penfield
Toulouse-Lautrec and Post-impressionism
Art nouveau posters and the impact of graphics on painting
Posters in the first half of the 20th century
Posters were used for war propaganda, to encourage young people to enlist in the army, and to sell government war bonds. From a strictly artistic view, the posters were unimaginative and far from the masterpieces of the late 19th century posters. The posters almost all came with a caption to bang the message home.
References
History of printing
Graphics
Advertising |
8596 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gretchen%20Wilson | Gretchen Wilson | Gretchen Wilson (born June 26, 1973) is a country music singer.
In 2004 she had her first number one album on Billboard's Hot Country Songs music chart. As late as 2013 she had a song on Billboard's Country Airplay music chart.
Career
Wilson got a contract with Epic Records in 2003.
Discography
Albums
Here for the Party
All Jacked Up
One of the Boys
Singles
Redneck Woman (2004)
Here for the Party (2004)
Red Bird Fever
When I Think About Cheatin'
Homewrecker
All Jacked Up
I Don't Feel Like Loving You Today
Our America
Politically Uncorrect
That's How They Do It In Dixie
California Girls
Come To Bed
One Of The Boys
Stacy (2018)
References
1973 births
Living people
Country musicians from Illinois
American guitarists |
8598 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue%20Balliett | Blue Balliett | Elizabeth "Blue" Balliett Klein (born in 1955) is an American writer. Her first book is Chasing Vermeer. Chasing Vermeer made the Children's bestseller list in 2004. In the story, two sixth graders help solve a mystery involving a Vermeer painting. The story has to do with pentominoes, patterns, and coincidences. The sequel to Chasing Vermeer is The Wright 3, a mystery centered around the Robie House designed by Frank Lloyd Wright and his talisman- a superstitious good luck object- that is a jade Japanese fish. This time, the two main characters, Petra and Calder, are joined by Calder's old friend, Tommy Segovia. The sequel, called The Wright 3, was published in April 2006.
References
1955 births
Living people
Writers from New York City
Writers from Chicago |
8604 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eyelash | Eyelash | An eyelash is a hair that grows at the edge of the eyelids. They protect the eye from small things like dust. The average person has hundreds of eyelashes. They have a life span of about 3 months.
Facial hair |
8607 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prague | Prague | Prague (Praha in Czech) is the capital and the largest city of the Czech Republic. It has a population of 1.4 million.
Prague has been known as one of the most beautiful European cities since the Middle Ages. Often called the "City of 100 Towers", the "Rooftop of Europe" or the "Heart of Europe", Prague was a place where many merchants, artists and inventors met.
Prague is full of historical monuments in all major artistic styles. The historical center of Prague is situated on both banks of the Vltava river. This historical center has six districts, which were once independent cities that joined together in the 18th century. These districts are StarΓ© MΔsto (Old Town), PraΕΎskΓ½ hrad (Prague castle), Josefov (Old Jewish Town), NovΓ© MΔsto (New Town), MalΓ‘ Strana (Lesser Town), HradΔany (Prague Castle Quarter) and VyΕ‘ehrad. It was Prince BoΕivoj who established Prague Castle. There are also lots of museums, galleries, theaters, concert halls, and other historical buildings.
History
The earliest inhabitants of the area that we know about lived in the valley of the Vltava river around 500 BC. Slavonic tribes came to Bohemia in about 500 AD. There is a legend about how the town of Prague started. Princess LibuΕ‘e, the leader of a Slavonic tribe, chose a simple peasant PΕemysl to be her husband. She told him to go and find a village on the banks of the Vltava and to start a town there. The town became Prague, ruled by the PΕemyslid family.In the second half of the 9th century the castleβs original fortifications were built. During the reign of Wenceslas I (VΓ‘clav in Czech) in the 10th century the church of St Vitus was built at Prague castle. Wenceslas was murdered by his brother when he was going to church. He was later made a saint. In the early 11th century the PΕemyslid family got power in Moravia, too. Vratislav II was the first monarch to be called King of Bohemia.
Another ruler, also called Wenceslas I, ruled as King of Bohemia from 1230. He encouraged the arts. A lot of Germans came to live in Prague. In 1257 King Otakar II founded the area of Prague called the Lesser Quarter for the Germans to live in. The last of the PΕemyslid kings was King Wenceslas III. He was murdered in Moravia.
During the Middle Ages Prague became very important as the capital of the Holy Roman Empire ruled by Charles IV (1316-1378) who was the most powerful ruler in Europe at the time. Charles made Prague a great city, building St Vitus Cathedral, a university, and a famous bridge called Charles Bridge which still exists.
After Charles IV there were many arguments and fights in Prague. A priest called Jan Hus said that the Catholic Church had become too powerful. He was arrested and burned at the stake in 1415. A lot of people agreed with what Hus had been saying. These people were called Hussites. They threw a lot of important Catholic people out of the window (called "defenestration"). A lot more fighting followed, and for many years Bohemia was ruled by kings who lived in other countries.
From 1526 the Habsburg family ruled Bohemia. They were Catholics and ruled the Holy Roman Empire. In 1576 the Emperor Rudolph II moved the capital from Vienna to Prague. Prague became a rich town again, and people were free to worship as Catholics or Protestants. After Rudolph II there were a lot of religious fighting and more people were thrown out of windows. Eventually the fighting became part of the Thirty Yearsβ War. When Ferdinand II won the fighting a lot of Protestants left the country. New buildings in Prague were built in the Baroque style. The German language, not Czech, was spoken at court. Maria Theresa was the only queen to reign over Prague. One of her 16 children was Marie Antoinette who became queen of France. When her son Joseph II ruled, people stopped fighting about religion. The people were free to speak what they thought, and there was no more serfdom. Prague now had three parts: the Old Town, the Lesser Quarter and the New Town. Famous people such as Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart visited the town often.
In the 19th century industry came to Prague. Factories were built, a railway was built between Prague and Vienna. The Czech nationalist movement became very strong after 1848. They wanted to use their own language instead of German. The composers Smetana and DvoΕΓ‘k wrote music about their country, often using Czech folksongs. The National Theatre was opened in 1881.
In June 1914 the Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Habsburg throne, was murdered. This led to World War I. After the war an independent republic called Czechoslovakia was formed with Prague as its capital. Bohemia, Moravia and Slovakia were part of it. In 1938 Hitler invaded the country. It was liberated by Soviet troops in May 1945. However, the communists soon seized power and the country was ruled by communists who had to obey the Soviet Union. The prime minister Alexander DubΔek gradually tried to make reforms. This period of time is called the "Prague Spring". In 1968 the Soviet Union sent tanks into Prague to Wenceslas Square to restore their power.
Democracy gradually came to Prague in 1989 when the Velvet Revolution happened. In 1993 the Czech Republic and Slovakia split into two countries. Today both these countries are part of the European Union.
Cultural sights
Since the fall of the Iron Curtain in 1990 Prague has become one of Europe's most popular tourist places. It has buildings dating from the 13th century to the present day. The castle looks very important on the hillside. Charles Bridge is now closed to traffic so that pedestrians can walk across the bridge and buy souvenirs from the stalls. There are many museums, palaces and theatres. Tourists often go to the Old Town Square in the centre of Prague. There are lots of buildings there from different periods of history. The statue of Jan Hus stands high above the square. There is a famous Astronomical Clock on the wall of the Old Town Hall. There are museums dedicated to famous people including Smetana, DvoΕΓ‘k and Franz Kafka. The Estates Theatre is one of Europeβs oldest theaters. It was built in the 1780s and Mozart conducted the first performance of his opera Don Giovanni there.
Prague is on the list of World Heritage Sites.
Economics
Prague has been important in the economy of what is now the Czech Republic since the region developed industry in the 19th century. Textiles and machinery are made and exported to many countries. Food, electronics and chemicals are produced. Nearly half the people who work are women.
Prague is becoming a city where many international companies have their headquarters. Since the late 1990s, Prague has become a popular filming location for international productions and Hollywood motion pictures.
There are no ghettos in Prague.
Colleges and universities
The city contains several universities and colleges including the oldest university in Central and Eastern Europe: the Charles University, founded in 1348.
Transport
Prague has three metro lines, 20 tram lines, and buses that connect to the suburbs. There is also a funicular rail link to the top of the PetΕΓn Hill and a chairlift at Prague Zoo. All these services have a common ticketing system.
Prague metro is one of the best in Europe for quality and speed. It has got 3 lines (A, B, and C), 65 kilometers and 61 stations.
Trains from Prague connect to major cities in neighbouring countries.
There is a modern airport, VΓ‘clav Havel airport Prague, used by many airlines including Czech Airlines.
Sport
Prague has many parks and gardens, including a park for culture, sports and entertainments which is named after Julius FuΔΓk, a resistance leader of World War II. It has three stadiums, the largest of which, SpartakiΓ‘dnΓ stadion, holds 250,000 people. They have a good Soccer team and play many sports.
References
Other websites
Official Website
WorldFlicks in Prague: Photos and interesting places on Google Maps |
8608 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wallet | Wallet | A wallet is a small flat container, mostly of leather or fabric, that a person uses to hold cash, credit cards, identification cards, etc. Most men usually keep their wallets in their pockets, while women usually keep them in larger bags called purses.
Wallets, particularly in Europe, where larger coins are prevalent, contain also a coin purse compartments. Some wallets have built-in clasps or bands to keep them closed.
As European banknotes, such as Euros and Pounds, are typically larger than American banknotes in size, they do not fit in some smaller American wallets.
Other websites
Collection of Unique Wallet Designs
Some images for wallet design
Wallet stealing
Money
Accessories |
8609 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory%20card | Memory card | A memory card is a form of flash memory that is used in a range of electronic devices such as a digital camera or video game console. The memory card stores data, images, music, saved games or other computer files.
Flash memory devices like this contain no moving parts so they are not easily damaged. This means that they are ideal for use in portable devices such as MP3 players, digital cameras, mobile phones etc.
The amount of data memory cards can store depends on the capacity of the card. Currently (in 2017) the largest memory cards can store 1 terabyte of data. As the technology improves, larger capacity cards are expected.
There are many different types of memory cards, for example MultiMediaCard or CompactFlash, but the majority are SD cards or MicroSD.
Storage devices |
8610 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer%20printer | Computer printer | A computer printer is a piece of hardware for a computer. It allows a user to print items on paper, such as letters and pictures. Usually a printer prints under the control of a computer. Many can also work as a photocopier or with a digital camera to print directly without using a computer.
Types of printers
Today, the following types of printers are in regular use:
Inkjet printers, also sometimes called bubble jet printers throw colored ink onto a paper.
Plotters are large format inkjet printers, or printers that use special pens.
Laser printers transfer tiny particles of toner onto the paper. Most do not print colors.
Dye sublimation printers produce very high quality images. Three colors are used. Cyan, Magenta and Yellow. Each color is printed one at a time from cellophane sheets. The image is the sealed with an clear top layer. Some small photographic printers made by Kodak and Canon use this process.
Thermal printer is an inexpensive printer that works by pushing heated pins against heat-sensitive paper. Thermal printers are widely used in calculators and fax machines. Many 20th century computer printers worked this way.
Impact printers worked by striking the paper with an inked ribbon. They were noisy.
Dot-matrix printers are now almost extinct. There were models with 9 pins and models with 24 pins.
Daisy Wheel printers were a typewriter printer. Results looked hand-typed. They had no real graphics and were very loud. Few were made in the 21st century.
Line printers contain a chain of characters or pins that print an entire line at one time. Line printers are very fast, but produce low-quality print.
Producing output
Printers are programmed using a programming language. The printer interprets the program, and the outputs the result. There are two big classes of such languages: Page description languages, and Printer Control languages. A page description language describes what a page should look like. The program in a page description language is sent to the printer, which interprets them. Printer command languages are at a lower level than Page description languages, they contain information that is specific to the printer model.
Common programming languages for printers include:
ESC/P
Postscript
PCL
GDI
HPGL and HPGL/2
PDF
VPS
Cost of printers
When comparing the cost of a printer, people often talk about how expensive it is to print one page. This cost usually has three components:
The cost of the printer, how expensive it was to buy the printer
The cost of the consumable; the printer needs supplies (called toner, ink, or ribbon) to print
The cost of the paper; some printers can only print on special paper
Printers that are more expensive to buy will usually be less expensive in the consumables (the ink, toner, or ribbon used by the printer). Therefore, laser printers are often more expensive to buy than inkjet printers, but are not as expensive to use over a long period of time. Inkjet printers on the other hand cost more to use because the ink tanks they use are more expensive than the toner for a laser printer.
Laser printers that can print in color are usually more expensive than those that only print in black and white. Some expensive printers can do other things such as print on both sides of the paper, automatically sort the output, or staple the pages.
Printers |
8613 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chasing%20Vermeer | Chasing Vermeer | Chasing Vermeer is a children's novel. It is about two children noticing strange coincidences relating to art. The book was written by Blue Balliett and published (printed) by Scholastic in 2003. It says many things about the Dutch painter Johannes Vermeer.
The sequel to the book is The Wright 3.
Characters
Petra Andalee
Calder Pillay
Mrs. Sharpe
Ms. Hussey
Tommy Segovia
2003 books
Children's books
Johannes Vermeer |
8614 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great%20Wall%20of%20China | Great Wall of China | The Great Wall of China is an ancient wall in China. The wall is made of cement, rocks, bricks, and dirt. It was finished in 1878 and it was meant to protect the north of the empire of China from enemy attacks. It is the longest structure humans have ever built. It is about 21,196 kilometers long, wide and 15 metres high. The earlier sections on the wall are made of compacted dirt and stone. Later in the Ming Dynasty they used bricks. There are 7,000 watch towers, block houses for soldiers and beacons to send smoke signals.
Nineteen walls have been built that were called the Great Wall of China. The first was built in the 7th century BC. The most famous wall was built between 226β200 BC by the first Emperor of China, Qin Shi Hong (Qin Pronounced as Chin) , during the Qin Dynasty. Not much of this wall remains as people have been stealing from it. It was much farther north than the current wall. The current wall was built during the Ming Dynasty.
History
Great Wall of Qi was started in 685 BC. The state of Qi made a fortified wall for protection against the Southern states Ju og Lu and later from the kingdom Chu.
The state of Yan built walls during the rule of King Zhao of Yan (311β279 BC).
The state of Zhao built walls during 325β299 BC, during the rule of king Wuling of Zhao.
Walls on the periphery of the Northern states Yan, Zhao, and Qin became linked together, because all those states came under the rule of emperor Qin Shi Hong, during his rule (221β206 BC).
The First Emperor of China, Qin Shi Huang also called Shi Huangdi, started the Qin Dynasty. The Xiongnu tribes in the north of China were his enemies. The land in some parts of China is easy to cross, so Qin Shi Huang started building the Great Wall to make it more difficult for the Xiongnu to invade China.
By 212 BC, the wall went from Gansu to the coast of South Manchuria.
Other dynasties in China had worked more on the wall and made it longer. The Han, Sui, Northern and Jin Dynasties all repaired, rebuilt or expanded the Great Wall. During the Ming Dynasty, major rebuilding work took place. Sections of the wall were built with bricks and stone instead of earth. It took more than 2000 years for building and completion of the Great wall.
The Great Wall of China is a series of fortifications that were built across the historical northern borders of ancient Chinese states. It is the longest structure humans have ever built. It is about 21,196 kilometers long, 9.1 metres (30 feet) wide and 15 metres high. It is made over the course of hundreds of years, the wall was built by over 6 different Chinese dynasties, and is over 2,300 years old.
The wall was built to help keep out northern invaders like the Mongols. Smaller walls had been built over the years, but the first Emperor of China, Qin Shi Huang, decided that he wanted a single giant wall to protect his northern borders. The most well-known sections of the wall were built by Ming Dynasty. Genghis Khan, the founder of the Mongol Empire, was the only one who breached the Great Wall of China in its
2,700-year-history.
The Great Wall was designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1987. The Great Wall was declared as one of the Seven Wonders of the World in 2007.
Construction and rebuilding of the Great Wall
Builders used materials that were nearby. Some parts of the wall were made of mud, straw, and twigs. Thousands of workers died from giant falling stones, exhaustion, disease, animal attacks, and starvation. Workers dying and being buried in and under the Great Wall is a myth.
Visibility from space
Rumours about astronauts being able to see the Great Wall from the moon are scientifically not proven. The Great Wall has shown up in radar images taken from space, but scientists are sure it is not possible for astronauts to see the wall with a naked eye. One astronaut who spoke about the visibility of the Great Wall from space was Neil Armstrong. He said that on the moon, it was very clear that the wall was not visible. However, astronaut William Pogue was able to see the wall from a Low Earth Orbit distance (300-530 km height), but only with binoculars and with lots of practice.
Gallery
Sources
Di Cosmo, Nicola (1999). "13. The Northern Frontier in pre-Imperial China". In Loewe, Michael; Shaughnessy, Edward (editors). The Cambridge History of Ancient China. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-47030-8.
Other websites
World Heritage Sites in China
Buildings and structures in China
Defensive walls |
8615 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon%20River | Amazon River | The Amazon River (also named Rio Amazonas inPortuguese and Spanish) is the largest river in the world by the amount or volume of water it carries. It flows through the tropical forests of South America, mainly in Brazil. Its headwaters are in the Andes Mountains in Peru, on the western edge of South America and flows eastward into the Atlantic Ocean near the equator.
The Amazon River moves more water than the next eight largest rivers of the world combined and has the largest drainage basin in the world. It accounts for about one fifth of the world's total river flow. During the wet season, parts of the Amazon exceed in width. Because of its size, it is sometimes called The Sea, but it is not the world's longest river system. The world's longest river is the Nile River, with the Amazon being second-longest.
Size and path
It is one of the longest rivers in the world. There have been different studies that have tried to measure its exact length. As the studies have come up with different numbers, it is therefore difficult to give an exact number. The length also changes in the rainy season. Several studies from Brazil, Spain and Chile say it is the longest river in the world, longer than the Nile. The Nile has a length of . The Amazon may have a length of . The Spanish daily newspaper El PaΓs gives its length at . In 2007, scientists from Peru and Brazil calculated a length of .
A study done in 1969 says that the Amazon has a length of . This was measured from a part of the River Apurimac. Until the 1970s, it was thought that the MaraΓ±Γ³n River was the source of the Amazon. In 2001, an expedition found that Nevado Mismi was in fact the source of the Amazon. Another document of the Geographic society of Lima gives the length of the Amazon at over .
The source of the Amazon is in the Andes Mountains of western South America. It flows east from there to the Atlantic Ocean. Most of the huge river and its many tributaries are in the country of Brazil. There are many places on the Amazon where a person on one side of the river cannot see the other side. The Brazilians call the Amazon the "River Sea." The Amazon is navigable from the ocean to Peru. Ocean ships can travel on the Amazon all the way across Brazil, and most of South America, to the city of Iquitos in Peru.
One characteristic of the Amazon river is the Brazo Casiquiare, a water connection to the Orinoco river into Venezuela, that connects the two basins.
Estuary
The estuary of the Amazon is about wide. The width of the mouth of the river is usually measured from Cabo do Norte to Punto Patijoca. Generally, the outlet of the Para River is included. It is wide, and forms the estuary of the Tocantins. The estuary also includes the island of MarajΓ³, which lies in the mouth of the Amazon. This means that the Amazon is wider at its mouth than the entire length of the Thames river in England.
Along the coastline, near Cabo do Norte, there are many islands partially covered with water. There are also sandbanks. The tides of the Atlantic generate a wave that reaches into the Amazon river. This wave goes along the coast for about . The phenomenon of this wave generated by the tides is called a tidal bore. Locally it is known as pororoca. The pororoca occurs where the water is less than deep. It starts with a loud noise, and advances at a speed of . The bore is the reason the Amazon does not have a delta. The ocean rapidly carries away the large amount of silt brought by the Amazon. This makes it impossible for a delta to grow past the shoreline. It also has a very large tide, that can reach . The place has become popular for river surfing.
Uses
'''The Amazon River has many uses:
We get hydroelectric power from the river.
We build dams all along the Amazon river to build up pressure.
We use it for travel, we send tours down it to get money and we send other types of ships down it.
The indigenous people carry food down it and canoe down it to trade.
It is fresh water, so animals can drink from it.
People grow crops on the banks of it.
Bridges
There are no bridges across the entire width of the river. This is not because the river would be too wide to bridge; for most of its length, engineers could build a bridge across the river easily. For most of its course, the river flows through the Amazon Rainforest, where there are very few roads and cities. Most of the time, the crossing can be done by a ferry, so there is no need to build a bridge. The Manaus Iranduba Bridge linking the cities of Manaus and Iranduba spans the Rio Negro (a tributary of the Amazon).
The river is the main route of traffic in the region. Most cities are on the banks of the river. The biggest city on the river is Manaus, which is also the capital of the Brazilian State of Amazonas. Many native people live in the Amazon, such as the Urarina who live in Peru.
Trade route
Big ocean boats can get up the river until Manaus, which is almost 1500 kilometers (900 miles) from its mouth. Smaller ocean ships of 3,000 tons and 7.9Β m (26Β ft) draft can reach as far as Iquitos in Peru, 3,700Β km (2,300 miles) from the sea. Smaller riverboats can reach 780Β km (486Β mi) higher as far as Actual Point. Beyond that, small boats frequently go up to the Pogo Ode Escherichia's, just above Actual Point.
References
Other websites
Amazon River and Amazon Rainforest virtual tour
Information on the Amazon from Extreme Science
Map of South America
Pictures of the Amazon River
Amazon River and rain forest photos and information
An Amazon River web site
Information and a map of the Amazon's watershed
river tours
Amazon
Rivers of Colombia
Rivers of Peru |
8616 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyramid | Pyramid | A pyramid is a structure, usually of stone, built in the shape of a pyramid. From ancient to modern times people in many different parts of the world have built such structures.
The word "pyramid" comes from the Greek word pyramis which meant "wheat cake." The ancient Egyptian word for them was something like "Mer". The Great Pyramid of Giza was one of the Seven Wonders of the ancient world.
The first pyramids were built in 2630Β B.C. The oldest known pyramid was made for king Djoser of the third Dynasty.
Egyptian pyramids
In Egypt, kings and queens, called Pharaohs, were buried in the tombs of huge square-bottomed pyramids built of stone. They were usually built to be used as tombs for Pharaohs. The ancient Egyptian pyramids are very well built. Some of the pyramids still stand today.
The oldest man-made pyramid found is called the Step pyramid. It is in the Giza Necropolis in Saqqara, near Cairo, Egypt. It was built for King Djoser thousands of years ago. Later pyramids were built much larger. The largest one was the Great Pyramid of Giza. It is near Cairo. It was the tallest building in the world until the Eiffel Tower was built in Paris, in 1889. The Great Pyramid was built by the pharaoh Khufu (= Cheops) from the Ancient Egyptian Old Kingdom. Herodotus was told by his Egyptian guides that it took twenty years for a force of 100,000 slaves to build the pyramid (with another ten years to build a stone causeway that connected to a temple in the valley below).
People once thought pyramids were built by slaves. More recent evidence suggests that the workers who built the pyramids were paid and well-cared for. They were loyal to the Pharaoh. Inside the Great Pyramid, famous man-made objects have been found from ancient times. Many valuable items were buried with the dead Pharaohs, in the hope that they would take them to the afterlife. Pyramids usually had traps to stop thieves from escaping easily. Tomb thieves were punished by death if they were caught. However, by 1000Β BC, many of the pyramids had been robbed of their precious treasures.
A large statue of a Sphinx stands near the pyramids at Giza. It has the body of a Lion and the head of a Pharaoh.
The ancient Greeks called the Great Pyramid one of the seven wonders of the world. There are over 100 pyramids in Egypt. Most of them are on the western side of the River Nile. Some Egyptologists have different opinions on why the ancient Egyptian Kings built pyramids as their tombs. Pyramids have been excavated for about the last 200 years.
The ancient Egyptians believed that the Egyptian pharaohs went to the stars to join their gods in the afterlife.
Pyramids in the Americas
The Aztecs and Mayans also built many massive pyramids. None are as old or big as the oldest or biggest Egyptian pyramids. Most of them are step pyramids.
Unlike Egyptian pyramids, which were used as tombs for rulers and wealthy people, Aztec and Mayan pyramids are believed to have been used for public displays of human sacrifice.
Modern pyramids
The Louvre Pyramid in Paris, France, in the court of the Louvre Museum. It is a 20.6Β meter (about 70Β foot) glass structure which acts as an entrance to the museum. It was designed by the American architect I. M. Pei and completed in 1989.
The Luxor Hotel in Las Vegas, United States, is a 30-story true pyramid. It has light beaming from the top.
The 32-story Pyramid Arena in Memphis, Tennessee (a city named after the ancient Egyptian capital whose name itself was derived from the name of one of its pyramids). Built in 1991, it was the home court for the University of Memphis men's basketball program and the National Basketball Association's Memphis Grizzlies until 2004.
The Walter Pyramid is home to the basketball and volleyball teams of the California State University, Long Beach, campus in California, United States. It is an 18-story-tall blue true pyramid.
The 48-story Transamerica Pyramid is in San Francisco, California It was designed by William Pereira. The pyramid is one of the city's symbols.
The 105-story Ryugyong Hotel is in Pyongyang, Northern Korea.
"Pyramid of Tirana" is a former museum and monument in Tirana, Albania.
The Slovak Radio Building is in Bratislava, Slovakia. This building is shaped like an inverted pyramid.
The Summum Pyramid is a three story pyramid in Salt Lake City, Utah. It used for instruction in the Summum philosophy. it also conducts rites associated with Modern Mummification.
The Palace of Peace and Reconciliation is in Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan.
The Pyramids at Osho Commune are in Pune, India. They are used for meditation purposes.
The three pyramids of Moody Gardens in Galveston, Texas.
The Co-Op Bank Pyramid or Stockport Pyramid is in Stockport, England. is a large pyramid shaped office building in Stockport in England.
The Ames Monument is in southeastern Wyoming. It honors the brothers who financed the Union Pacific Railroad.
The Trylonis a triangular pyramid erected for the 1939 World's Fair in Flushing, Queens. It was demolished after the Fair closed.
The Ballandean Pyramid is in Ballandean in rural Queensland, Australia. It is a 15-meter folly pyramid made from blocks of local granite.
The Karlsruhe Pyramid is in the centre of the market square of Karlsruhe, Germany. It is made of red sandstone. It is in the centre of the market square of Karlsruhe, Germany. It was erected in the years 1823β1825.
The GoJa Music Hall is in Prague.
The Muttart Conservatory greenhouses are in Edmonton, Alberta.
Small pyramids similar to those of the Louvre can be found outside the lobby of the Citicorp Building in Long Island City, Queens NY.
The Pyramids of the City Stars Complex is in Cairo, Egypt.
Pyramid building belonging to The Digital Group (TDG), at Hinjwadi, Pune, India.
The Steelcase Corporate Development Center near Grand Rapids, Michigan.
Sunway Pyramid shopping mall in Selangor, Malaysia.
Hanoi Museum with an overall design of a reversed Pyramid.
The Pyramide des Ha! Ha! by artist Jean-Jules Soucy :fr:Jean-Jules Soucy in La Baie, Quebec is made out of 3 000 give way signs.
The "Pyramid" culture-entertainment complex and Monument of Kazan siege (Church of Image of Edessa) are in Kazan, Russia.
The "Phorum" of Expocentre business-exhibition complex is in Moscow, Russia.
Few pyramids of the Marco-city shopping-entertainment complex are in Vitebsk, Belarus.
The Time pyramid is in Wemding, Germany. The pyramid begun in 1993. It is scheduled for completion in the year 3183.
Triangle is a proposed skyscraper in Paris.
The Shimizu Mega-City Pyramid, a proposed project for construction of a massive pyramid over Tokyo Bay in Japan.
The tomb of Quintino Sella, outside the monumental cemetery of Oropa.
The unbuilt Museum of Modern Art of Caracas was designed as an upside down pyramid. Playing on a variation of the famous configuration Oscar Niemeyer inverted the geometry of the pyramid.
Other pyramids
There are also ancient pyramids in other parts of Africa, Central America, Europe, North America, and Asia. There is a famous modern glass pyramid in front of the Louvre Museum in Paris. The Luxor Hotel, in Las Vegas, Nevada is also a glass pyramid.
Related pages
Pyramid scheme
References
Other websites
EGYPT - CAIRO AND THE PYRAMIDS
Mayan Ruins
Famous landmarks of Egypt |
8617 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Care%20Bears | Care Bears | The Care Bears are a very successful toy franchise from the 1980s. Over forty million of these stuffed teddy bears, made with a variety of colours, were sold from 1983 to 1987. Each Bear had a name, a job, and a symbol tied to it. For example, Funshine Bear helps people wake up, and has a sun on his stomach.
The toys were first made as characters on cards in 1981; the original artwork was done by James Lewis. Later, other toys called the Care Bear Cousins were introduced.
They also gave way to three animated movies for the cinema in the mid-1980s. A related TV series from DIC and, later, Canada's Nelvana Limited came out at almost that same time.
Recently, Care Bear toys have been brought back in a new edition for the twenty-first century. As part of this comeback, the Bears have appeared in their first two DVD movies (both computer-animated), as well as a few video games.
Care Bears
First ten
The later additions
New Bears (2004)
Care Bear Cousins
The movies
The Care Bears Movie (1985)
Care Bears Movie II: A New Generation (1986)
The Care Bears Adventure in Wonderland (1987)
Care Bears: Journey to Joke-a-lot (2004) (direct to video)
The Care Bears' Big Wish Movie (2005) (direct to video)
Care Bears: Oopsy Does It! (2007) (direct to video)
Care Bears: Share Bear Shines (2009) (direct to video)
Care Bears in other languages
(France) / Les Calinours ( Canadian French )
(Doobonei eechpattli)
(Kea Bea)
(Keo Beoseu)
Norwegian: Care Bears
Serbo-Croatian: Mede medenjaci
(Latin America) / Osos Amorosos ( European Spanish )
Other websites
The Official Site
Care Bears Forever
Take Care Bear's Place
The Memories Board
The Care Bear Zone
Toys
Animated television series |
8625 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolzano | Bolzano | Bolzano (; ; , Southern Bavarian: Bozn) is the capital city of the province of Province of Bolzano-Bozen in northern Italy's Alto Adige.
Data
Its population is 98.057 (March 2005) and the area of the municipality is 52.34Β km2. Bolzano has a history of Italian-speaking inhabitants since the Middle Ages. The region of Alto Adige/SΓΌdtirol is mainly German speaking, but in the city the Italian speaking population was the majority (75%) in 2001. The German speaking population of the city was 24% and the Ladin speaking less than 1%. Actually the foreign-born are around 7% (mostly are from eastern Europe).
Historically between the Renaissance and the 19th century, the whole area, originally populated by neolatins from the time of the Roman Empire, experienced a lot of Germanisation. In the centuries before Napoleon, only the Dolomite's area of the western part of the present area of South Tyrol (especially the Val Venosta near Merano) remained neolatin. After the Italian victory in WWI the Italian government promoted a huge immigration of Italians in the city, that was fully modernized with new areas and with the creation of an industrial section: since then the Italians are the majority and in the 2011 census they were nearly 77% of the total population.
Bolzano actually is an international city with a trilingual English-German-Italian university (Free University of Bolzano), the European Academy (EURAC), a Business Innovation Centre (BIC), an international airport (ABD, daily flights to Rome and Munich), the "Bolzano Fair Area", the Archaeology Museum with the Frozen Fritz (the Iceman called here Γtzi), other important museums, the famous "Monumento alla Vittoria" and an old Tyrolean medieval centre with the typical alpine arcades ("Portici"-Lauben).
Bolzano is the centre of the "Euregio Tirol-SΓΌdtirol/Alto Adige-Trentino" and with Innsbruck is the capital of the "Alps Convention".
City districts and neighboring communities
Bolzano has five city districts:
Centro-Piani-Rencio (German: Zentrum-Bozner Boden-Rentsch)
Don Bosco
Europa-Novacella (German: Europa-Neustift)
Gries-San Quirino (German: Gries-Quirein)
Oltrisarco-Aslago (German: Oberau-Haslach)
Communities next to Bozen are: Appiano, Cornedo, Laives, Deutschnofen, Renon, Genesio, Terlan, and Vadena.
Other important towns near Bozen are: Bressanone, Brunico and Merano.
Twin cities
Sopron, Hungary
Notes
Other websites
City of Bolzano-Bozen (only in Italian and German)
Tourism Board
University
Eurac
Airport
Archaeology Museum
Capital cities in Italy
Cities in Trentino-Alto Adige/SΓΌdtirol |
8626 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flubber | Flubber | Flubber is a 1997 American science-fiction comedy film directed by Les Mayfield (who had previously directed another John Hughes scripted remake, Miracle on 34th Street) and written by Hughes, based on an earlier screenplay by Bill Walsh. A remake of The Absent-Minded Professor (1961), the film was produced by Walt Disney Pictures and stars Robin Williams, Marcia Gay Harden, Christopher McDonald, Ted Levine, Raymond J. Barry, Wil Wheaton, and Clancy Brown with Jodi Benson providing a voice. The film grossed $178 million worldwide despite negative reviews. In selected theaters, the Pepper Ann episode "Old Best Friend" was featured before the film.
1997 movies
English-language movies
Disney movies |
8636 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary%20Wollstonecraft | Mary Wollstonecraft | Mary Wollstonecraft (27 April 1759 β 10 September 1797) was a British writer. She was born in Spitalfields, a daughter of a rich farmer who inherited his fortune. Her father was known because he was sometimes violent towards her, her four siblings, and their mother when his farms failed. Mary Wollstonecraft was the second oldest child in her family. She was the oldest female child. She left home at the age of nineteen to work and become independent.
Working in the English city of Bath, Somerset, she developed a disliking for the upper class and their social lives. In 1784 she experienced the near death of her sister Eliza who was also the victim of abuse at the hands of her husband. She escaped with her sister to London to preserve her life. Soon after, her good friend Fanny Blood, died of complications in childbirth. Wollstonecraft suffered depression following this and being in financial straits, she began to write her first book Thoughts on the Education of Daughters. Then she wrote Mary: A Fiction.
Wollstonecraft was not only a writer, she was an early feminist and social campaigner. She wrote a children's book as well as her two most famous books A Vindication of the Rights of Man (1790), a response to the French Revolution, and A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792) which argued that women should have the same rights and education as men. She called for equal education for boys and girls, believing that education gives the tools necessary to compete with men in public and economic life.
She followed writers such as Catherine Macaulay who wrote Letters on Education in 1790, Thomas Paine, and John Locke. One of her most well-known books was "An Historical and Moral View of the Origin and Progress of the French Revolution (1794). She also wrote The Wrongs of Women, a novel telling of the confines and illusion of marriage and child rearing as the only happiness for women. She was revolutionary in arguing for education and the need for autonomy for women.
Wollstonecraft travelled to Paris in 1792 to take notes on the Revolution. While in Paris, she fell in love with Gilbert Imlay, an American who she later followed to London. She tried to commit suicide when their relationship ended but was rescued from the Thames. She wrote a book titled Letters Written During a Short Residence in Sweden, Norway, and Denmark (1796) from a series of letters written to Imlay, to support their daughter Fanny Imlay, born in 1794. In the same year, Wollstonecraft met an old acquaintance and philosopher, William Godwin. They later married.
Wollstonecraft gave birth to their daughter on 30 August 1797. They named her Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin. The child later became wife of Percy Shelley. Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin became Mary Shelley, the author of Frankenstein.
Wollstonecraft died of complications after labour due to a blood clot. Mary Wollstonecraft died of sepsis in London after her birth and suffered a similar fate as her best friend Fanny Blood whose death inspired her fight for women's rights and her first book.
Her husband William Godwin published Memoirs of the Author of "A vindication of the Rights of Women" in memory of her in 1798.
References
1759 births
1797 deaths
British feminists
Deaths from blood clot
Deaths from sepsis
English novelists
Writers from London |
8638 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isle%20of%20Wight | Isle of Wight | The Isle of Wight is an island county that is just off the south coast of England. It is about 40 kilometres (25 miles) by 20 kilometres (13 miles) in size. About one hundred and twenty thousand people live on the island.
The Isle of Wight is known as a county. This means that it has a council of people who make decisions about some things that affect the people who live there. The county town of the island, which is the place where the council work, is called Newport.
Tourism
Many people like to go on holiday on the island. There are many hotels and tourist attractions. Queen Victoria used to like to visit the Isle of Wight where she had a house called Osborne House. Tourism is the most important industry on the island.
Nature
Over half of the island is officially designated as an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. It is also widely recognised as the most important site in Europe for finding dinosaur remains.
Ceremonial counties of England
Unitary authorities |
8639 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socks%20%28disambiguation%29 | Socks (disambiguation) | Sock or socks could mean:
Sock - the item of clothing
SOCKS - an internet protocol
Socks (cat), the household pet of Bill Clinton, during his presidential terms in the White House
Socks (Blue Peter cat), a Blue Peter cat
Socks (Beverly Cleary) a children's novel by Beverly Cleary |
8642 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alzheimer%27s%20disease | Alzheimer's disease | Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a brain disease that slowly destroys brain cells. As of now, there is no cure for Alzheimer's disease. With time, the different symptoms of the disease become more marked. Many people die because of Alzheimer's disease. The disease affects different parts of the brain but has its worst effects on the areas of the brain that control memory, language, and thinking skills. Alzheimer's Disease is the most common form of senile dementia accounting for up to 70% of cases.
The clinical symptoms of AD usually occurs after age 65, but changes in the brain which do not cause symptoms and are caused by Alzheimer's, may begin years or in some cases decades before. Although the symptoms of AD begin in older people it is not a normal part of aging.
At this time there is no cure for Alzheimer's, but there are treatments that can help some patients with the signs and symptoms so they do not affect them as badly. There are also treatments which slow down the disease so the damage to the brain does not happen as quickly. There are also certain personal habits that people can learn which may help to delay the onset of the disease.
While it is not yet known exactly what causes Alzheimer's disease, there are a number of risk factors which may make a person more likely to get it. Some of these risk factors are genetic; changes to four different genes have been found which increase the risk.
The current lifetime risk for a 65-year-old person to get Alzheimer's disease is estimated to be at 10.5%. It is the sixth leading cause of death in the United States causing about 83,500 deaths a year. In 2007, there were more than 26.6 million people throughout the world who were affected by AD.
Alzheimer's disease was named after Alois Alzheimer, a German psychiatrist and neuropathologist who first described the disease after studying the case of a middle-aged woman, Auguste Deter, who was a patient at a hospital in Frankfurt, Germany in 1906. The disease was named Alzheimer's disease in 1910 by Dr. Emil Kraepilin a co-worker of Alzheimer.
Tangles and plaque
Two of the main features found in the brains of people with of Alzheimer's disease, are neurobrillary tangles ('tangles' for short), which are made up of a protein called tau, and senile plaques (which are made mostly from another protein called beta-amyloid, they are also sometimes called beta-amyloid bundles or 'bundles' for short). The tau proteins that form the tangles previously held together a structure inside the neurons called a microtubule which is an important part of the neuron; it forms part of the cytoskeleton (cell skeleton) which is what maintains a cell's shape, and microtubules plays a part in cell communication.
Both tangles and plaques may be caused by other diseases, such as Herpes simplex virus Type 1 which is being investigated as a possible cause or contributor in developing Alzheimer's. It is not known for sure if tangles and plaques are part of what causes Alzheimer's, or if they are the results.
Microtubules
Microtubules are made of a protein called tubulin. The tubulin is polymerized, which is when molecules form the same shapes over and over again that are linked together in groups, and these groups are linked together. They can form long chains or other shapes; in this case the polymerized tubulin forms microtubules. The microtubules are rigid tubes like microscopic straws which are hollow inside. Microtubules help keep the shape of the neuron, and are inolved in passing signals through the neuron.
Tau
Tau is a protein that is found mostly in the neurons of the central nervous system. They help hold together the microtubules within the neurons. and when changes happen in the way the tau proteins are supposed to work the microtubules break apart. The tau proteins which are no longer holding the microtubules together form strands called fibrils, which then clump together inside the neuron to make what are called neurofibrillary tangles . These clumps, also known as 'tau tangles', are all that remain after a neuron has died.
Beta-amyloid
Beta-amyloid(AΞ²) (also called 'amyloid beta') plaques start with a protein called amyloid precursor protein (APP). APP is one of the proteins that make up a cell's membrane or outer covering, that protects the cell. In this case a neuron.. As it is made inside the cell, APP sticks out through the membrane of the cell.
In different parts of the of cell including the outermost part of the cell membrane, chemicals called enzymes snip the APP into small pieces. These enzymes that do the snipping are alpha-secretase, beta-secretase, and gamma-secretase. Depending on which enzyme is doing the snipping and what parts of the APP are snipped, two different things can happen. One that is helpful and one that causes the formation of beta-amyloid plaques.
The plaques are formed when beta-secretase snips the APP molecule at one end of the beta-amyloid peptide, releasing sAPPΞ² from the cell. Gamma-secretase then cuts the pieces of APP that is left and, still sticking out of the neuronβs membrane, at the other end of the beta-amyloid peptide. After this snipping the beta-amyloid peptide is released into the space outside the neuron and begins to stick to other beta-amyloid peptides. These pieces stick together to form oligomers. Different oligomers of various sizes are now floating around in the spaces between the neurons, which may be responsible for reacting with receptors on neighboring cells and synapses, affecting their ability to function.
Some of these oligomers are cleared from the brain. Those that are not cleared out clump together with more pieces of beta-amyloid. As more pieces clump togther the oligomers get bigger larger, and the next size up are called protofibrils and the next size after that are called fibrils. After a while, these fibrils clump together with other protein molecules, neurons and non-nerve cells floating around in the space between the cells and form what are called plaques.
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA)
Deposits of beta-amyloid also form in the walls (in the tunica media, the middle layer, and tunica adventitia or tunica externa, the outer layer) of small and mid-sized arteries (and sometimes veins) in the cerebral cortex and the leptomeninges (the leptomeninges are the two inner layers - pia mater and arachnoid - of the meninges, a protective 3-layer membrane covering the brain.)
CAA is found in 30% of people over the age of 60 years who do not have any dementia but is found in 90%-96% of people with Alzheimer disease and is severe in one third to two thirds of these cases.
Stages
The first area of the brain to be affected by Alzheimer's is the "transentorhinal region" which is part of the medial temporal lobe located deep within the brain. Neurons start dying in this area first. It then spreads into the adjacent entorhinal cortex (EC) which acts as a central hub, for a widespread network that handles signals for memory and movement(like a main train station with train tracks going to different areas).
The EC is the main area for communication between the hippocampus, and the neocortex - which is the outer portion of the brain responsible for higher functioning such as how the brain perceives information from the five senses; (smell, sight, taste, touch and hearing; Ex. seeing a person's face and recognizing them,) generating motor commands (Ex, moving and arm or leg, walking, running) spatial reasoning, conscious thought and language.
The disease then spreads into the hippocampus which is part of the limbic system. The hippocampus is the part of the brain that is involved in forming new memories, organizing them, and storing them for later recall. It is also where emotions and senses, such as smell and sound are attached to specific memories. Example 1.: A memory might make you happy or sad. Example 2.: A smell might bring up a certain memory.
The hippocampus then sends memories to the different parts of the cerebral hemisphere where they are placed in long-term storage and it helps retrieve them when necessary. Example: An adult trying to remember the name of a classmate from kindergarten.
In addition to handling memory the hippocampus is also involved in emotional responses, navigation (getting around) and spatial orientation (knowing your sense of place as you move around Example: Knowing your way around your bedroom even with the lights off).
There are actually two parts of the hippocampus which is shaped like a horseshoe with one in the left part of the brain and the other in the right part of the brain.
Diagnosis
Preclinical
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The Stroop ColorβWord Test
This is a short example of the test. The test is used to measure different cognitive functions such as selective attention.
Naming the colors of the first set of words is easier and quicker than the second, because in the first set, the colors match the words, in the second set they do not. So a person has to pay more attention.
People having problems with attention as may happen in early-stage Alzheimer's tend to do poorly on this test.Cognitive Neuropsychology Of Alzheimer's Disease. Eds. Robin G. Morris, James T. Becker. Oxford University Press, USA; 2 edition (2005) pp-109-110
With current research using advances in neuroimaging such as FDG-PET and PIB-PET scans, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) assays, it is now possible to detect the beginning processes of Alzheimer's disease that occur before symptoms begin. The research suggests that clinically normal older people (no symptoms at all) have biomarker evidence of amyloid beta (AΞ²) build-up in the brain. This amyloid beta (AΞ²) is linked to changes in the structure of the brain and how it works that is the similar to what is seen in people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) - which may lead to Alzheimer's - and people with Alzheimer's.
These small preclinical changes (no symptoms) in the brain may occur many years, to even a few decades before a person is diagnosed with Alzheimer's. With a stage where there is some memory loss, or mild cognitive impairment. These changes put a person at risk of developing the clinical symptoms of full-blown Alzheimer's but not everyone who has these changes will get the disease. Even though there is no cure for Alzheimer's, there are new treatments which are being developed which would work better in the very first stages of the disease.
At this time exactly what makes up the preclinical phase of Alzheimer's is still being researched, such as why some people with go on to develop Alzheimer's and others do not. So the term preclinical phase is being used for research only. There is a worldwide effort in various countries doing research in this area known as the World Wide Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (WW-ADNI) which is the umbrella organization for neuroimaging studies being carried out through the North American ADNI, European ADNI (E-ADNI), Japan ADNI, Australian ADNI (AIBL), Taiwan ADNI, Korea ADNI, China ADNI and Argentina ADNI.
Beginning stages
"Misdiagnosis in very early stages of Alzheimer's is a significant problem, as there are more than 100 conditions that can mimic the disease. In people with mild memory complaints, our accuracy is barely better than chance," according to study researcher P. Murali Doraiswamy, MBBS, professor of psychiatry and medicine at Duke Medicine, "Given that the definitive gold standard for diagnosing Alzheimer's is autopsy, we need a better way to look into the brain."
History
In 1901, a 51-year-old woman named Auguste Deter, was committed to the City Asylum for the Insane and Epileptic, (StΓ€dtischen Anstalt fΓΌr Irre und Epileptische) in Frankfurt am Main, Germany which had the nickname "Irrenschloss" (Castle of the Insane). She was married and had a normal life until eight months prior to her commitment, when she started having psychological and neurological problems, such as problems with memory and language, paranoia, becoming disorientated and having hallucinations.
She was studied by a doctor on staff named Alois Alzheimer (1864β1915). Alzheimer became interested in her case because of her age; while the effects of senile dementia were known at the time, they usually did not start until a person was in their early to mid-sixties. Her case was also notable because of the rapid onset of dementia, only eight months, from the first reported symptoms, until she was committed.
While conducting one of his examinations of Ms. Deter, he asked her to perform a series of simple writing tasks. Unable to do what was asked such as write her name, she said "I have lost myself, so to speak" ("Ich habe mich sozusagen selbst verloren").
Alzheimer left the hospital in Franfkurt in 1902 to begin working with Emil Kraepelin at the Psychiatric University Hospital in Heidelberg-Bergheim, and in 1903 both he and Kraepelin began working at Ludwig Maximilian University in Munich.
When Ms. Deter died of septicemia on 8 April 1906, Alzheimer was informed and her brain was sent to Munich for him to study. Studying samples of her brain under a microscope he noticed neurofibriallry tangles and bundles made up of beta-amyloid plaque, which are two of the main features of the disease. On 3 November 1906, Alzheimer presented the results of his findings in Auguste's case at the Conference of South-West German Psychiatrists in TΓΌbingen, and he published his findings in the case in 1907.
In 1910, Emil Kraepelin named the disease 'Alzheimer's disease'. Alzheimer's disease usually beigins affecting people between ages 60β65, in Ms. Deter's case - who was 55-years-old when she died - she had a form of what is now known as Early-onset Alzhiemer's disease.
Famous cases
Anyone can get Alzheimer's disease, rich people or poor famous people and unfamous people. Some of the famous people who have gotten Alzheimer's disease are former United States President Ronald Reagan and Irish writer Iris Murdoch, both of whom were the subjects of scientific articles examining how their cognitive capacities got worse with the disease.
Other cases include the retired footballer Ferenc PuskΓ‘s, the former Prime Ministers Harold Wilson (United Kingdom) and Adolfo SuΓ‘rez (Spain), the actress Rita Hayworth, the Nobel Prize-winner Raymond Davis, Jr., the actors Charlton Heston and Gene Wilder, the novelist Terry Pratchett, politician and activist Sargent Shriver, the Blues musician B.B. King, director Jacques Rivette, Indian politician George Fernandes,
and the 2009 Nobel Prize in Physics recipient Charles K. Kao. In 2012, Nobel Prize writer Gabriel GarcΓa MΓ‘rquez was diagnosed with the disease. Former Finnish President Mauno Koivisto died of the disease in May 2017. Country singer Glen Campbell died of the disease in August 2017.
References
Other websites
video
Diseases
Dementia |
8643 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elaine%20Paige | Elaine Paige | Elaine Paige OBE (born Elaine Jill Bickerstaff, 5 March 1948) is an English actress and singer. She was born and raised in Barnet, Hertfordshire, in 1948. She is known for her roles in musical theater.
Life
She worked in the theatre from a young age. She quickly became famous in the role of Eva PerΓ³n in the musical Evita in 1978. She studied acting at the Aida Foster stage school in London and then played roles in the British tour of the show The Roar of the Greasepaint, the Smell of the Crowd and the first London production of Hair. She played Sandy in the London production of Grease and appeared as one of Michael Crawford's girlfriends in Billy. She has since said she was about to leave the world of acting, possibly to become a teacher, but then the role in Evita was offered to her.
After Evita, she did not have any work for a period. She thought that her musical career had seen its best. When the actress Judi Dench had an injury during rehearsals for Cats, the producers asked Paige play the role in stead of Dench. They stated that the role "was not another Evita" and that her role only had one and a half songs. Fortunately, the song was "Memory", which was a top 10 hit for Paige and has become her signature song.
After Cats, she appeared in Abbacadbra, an ABBA compilation, and Chess, also written by Benny Andersson and BjΓΆrn Ulvaeus of ABBA but with lyrics by Tim Rice, co-writer of Evita. Paige then scored a number 1 single, "I Know Him So Well", a song from Chess, as a duet with Barbara Dickson.
In 1989, she co-produced and starred in a production of Cole Porter's Anything Goes in London, which made a star of John Barrowman. In the early 1990s, her term relationship with the lyricist Tim Rice stopped and Paige tried an image change by recording an album with a California-based producer in the Bette Midler torch singer vein entitled Love Can Do That. Her solo albums had so far been a variety of songs, including the very successful Stages in 1983, with songs from musical theatre. In 1993, she returned to the United States to work with Peter Matz on an album called Romance and the Stage featuring songs from earlier days of musical theatre. The following year, she recorded, Piaf, which had music from the role she was playing in the Pam Gems play, also called Piaf. Critics were impressed by her acting skills in that play.
However, in 1995 she had a role in another musical, playing Norma Desmond in Andrew Lloyd Webber's Sunset Boulevard. She had always wanted to perform on Broadway and Sunset Boulevard now made this possible. For more than a year she played the role. She later had another role in 2000 with the King and I. She has recently moved more into television and radio work.
Paige was awarded an OBE in 1995. Now she is hosting a Sunday afternoon BBC Radio 2 show which plays music from the stage and film.
References
Other websites
Official website
1948 births
Living people
Actors from Hertfordshire
English singers
English stage actors
English television actors
Musical theater actors
Musicians from Hertfordshire |
8644 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marti%20Webb | Marti Webb | Marti Webb is a British actress and singer born in London in 1944.
She has notably played roles in musical theatre including Evita, Cats, Godspell, The King and I, Annie, Thoroughly Modern Millie, The Goodbye Girl and Song and Dance.
She first came to prominence with the song cycle "Tell Me on a Sunday" which was written for her by Don Black and Andrew Lloyd Webber. Webb recently returned to the show after it was revamped for Denise Van Outen in the West End before she took it on a UK tour.
1944 births
Living people
English stage actors
English singers
Musical theater actors |
8645 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahtzee | Yahtzee | Yahtzee is a popular dice game that is well-known all over the world. The object of the game is to roll five dice (up to three times) to create certain combinations such as:
Three-of-a-kind: Three dice showing the same number
Four-of-a-kind: Four dice showing the same number
Small straight: Four numbers in sequence, such as 2-3-4-5
Large straight Five numbers in sequence, such as 1-2-3-4-5
Full house (three dice showing the same number and the remaining two dice showing a different number but both matching)
Yahtzee: All five dice showing the same number
Most of these combinations come from poker.
Dice games |
8646 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim%20Rice | Tim Rice | Sir Timothy Miles Bindon "Tim" Rice (born 10 November 1944) is an English songwriter and writer. He was born in 1944. Rice is probably best known for his work with Andrew Lloyd Webber on the shows Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat, Jesus Christ Superstar, and Evita. He also co-wrote the shows Blondel, Chess and the English lyrics for Starmania.
He had a long-term relationship in the 1980s with the actress Elaine Paige.
In 2018, Rice became one of fifteen people to win an Oscar, Grammy, Tony and Emmy Award.
References
1944 births
Living people
Rice, Tim
Grammy Award winners
Emmy Award winners
Tony Award winners
Best Original Song Academy Award-winning songwriters |
8647 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evita%20%28musical%29 | Evita (musical) | Evita is a musical. The lyrics were written by Tim Rice. The music was written by Andrew Lloyd Webber. The musical is based on the life of Eva PerΓ³n (1919-1952), the wife of Argentine President Juan PerΓ³n, which Che is telling.
Evita opened on the West End in 1978, and on Broadway in 1979. It won the Laurence Olivier Award for Best New Musical and the Tony Award for Best Musical. In 1996, a movie version was released starring Madonna.
1970s musicals
Musicals by Andrew Lloyd Webber
Musicals by Tim Rice
Tony Award winning musicals
Laurence Olivier Award winning musicals
Broadway musicals
West End musicals
Musicals adapted to movies |
8648 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/March%208 | March 8 |
Events
Up to 1900
1010 - Persian poet Ferdowsi completes his epic poem Shahnameh.
1576 β Spanish explorer Diego Garcia de Palacio sights the ruins of the ancient Mayan city of Copan.
1618 β Johannes Kepler discovers the third law of planetary motion (he soon rejects the idea after some initial calculations were made but later on May 15 confirms the discovery).
1655 - John Casor becomes the first legally-recognized slave in North America.
1658 - Sweden reaches its greatest extent after the Peace of Roskilde.
1669 β Mount Etna on Sicily erupts until July 11, destroying several towns.
1702 β Very unexpectedly, Anne Stuart, the sister of the childless Mary II, becomes Queen of England, Scotland and Ireland after the death of William III of Orange from injuries he suffered in a fall from his horse.
1736 β Nader Shah of the Afsharid Dynasty becomes the Shah (ruler) of Persia.
1775 - An anonymous letter, thought by some to have been written by Thomas Paine, calls for the end of slavery in the North American colonies.
1782 β GnadenhΓΌtten massacre: Almost 100 Native Americans in Gnadenhutten, Ohio had their skulls crushed with a mallet by Pennsylvanian militiamen in a mass murder.
1817 β The New York Stock Exchange is founded.
1844 β King Oscar I ascends to the throne of Sweden-Norway
1862 β American Civil War: The iron-clad CSS Virginia (formerly USS Merrimack) is launched at Hampton Roads, Virginia.
1868 - Sakai incident: Japanese samurai kill 11 French sailors in the port of Sakai, near Osaka.
1884 β Susan B. Anthony testified before the Judiciary Committee of the House of Representatives arguing for an amendment to the U.S. Constitution granting women the right to vote.
1901 2000
1906 β Moro Crater Massacre: US troops occupying the Philippines massacre about 600 men, women and children taking refuge in a crater.
1910 - Raymonde de Laroche of France becomes the first woman to be given a pilot's license.
1911 β International Women's Day is celebrated for the first time.
1917 β The February Revolution breaks out in Russia (February 23 O.S.).
1917 β The United States Senate adopts the cloture rule in order to limit filibusters.
1918 β The first case of Spanish flu occurs, the start of a devastating pandemic.
1920 - The Arab Kingdom of Syria is created.
1921 β Spanish Premier Eduardo Dato is assassinated while exiting the parliament building in Madrid.
1924 β The Castle Gate mining disaster in Utah kills 172 coal miners.
1935 - Hachiko, a Japanese Akita dog revered for its loyalty, is found dead in Tokyo.
1936 β The first stock car race is held in Daytona Beach, Florida.
1937 - Spanish Civil War: The Battle of Guadalajara begins.
1942 β World War II: The Dutch surrender to Japanese forces on Java.
1942 β World War II: Japan captures Rangoon, Burma.
1943 β World War II: Japanese troops counter-attack American forces on Hill 700 in Bougainville in a battle that will last five days.
1948 β The United States Supreme Court rules that religious instruction in public schools violated the Constitution.
1950 β The Soviet Union claims to have an atomic bomb.
1952 β Antoine Pinay becomes Prime Minister of France
1957 β Egypt re-opens the Suez Canal.
1957 β Ghana joins the UN.
1958 - South Yemen joins the United Arab Republic.
1959 β Last television appearance of The Marx Brothers, in The Incredible Jewel Robbery
1961 β Max Conrad circumnavigates the earth in eight days, 18 hours and 49 minutes setting a new world record.
1963 - The Ba'ath Party takes power in a coup in Syria.
1965 β Vietnam War: 3,500 United States Marines arrive in South Vietnam, becoming the first American combat troops in Vietnam.
1966 β Vietnam War: Australia announces it is going to substantially increase its number of troops in Vietnam.
1966 β A bomb planted by young Irish protesters destroys Nelson's Pillar in Dublin.
1968 β Soviet U-boat K-129 sinks in the Pacific Ocean, killing 86 people on board.
1971 β Joe Frazier defeats Muhammad Ali in the first of three epic bouts. Frazier defends the world Heavyweight title in a star-studded Madison Square Garden.
1972 β The Goodyear blimp flies for the first time.
1974 β Charles de Gaulle Airport opens in Paris, France.
1978 β The first ever radio episode of The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, by Douglas Adams is transmitted on BBC Radio 4.
1983 β President Ronald Reagan calls the Soviet Union an evil empire.
1985 β 1985 Beirut Car Bombing is made in front of the mosque killing 45 people and injuring 175.
1988 β Two United States Army helicopters collide in Fort Campbell, Kentucky killing 17 servicemen.
1999 β Oklahoma City bombing: The Supreme Court of the United States upholds the murder convictions of Timothy McVeigh.
2000 β A collision between two Tokyo Metro trains kills 5 people.
From 2001
2003 - A referendum on EU membership is held in Malta, with a narrow majority supporting the proposal.
2004 β A new constitution is signed by Iraq's Governing Council.
2011 - Observances are held to work the 100th anniversary of International Women's Day.
2014 - Malaysia Airlines Flight 370, travelling from Kuala Lumpur to Beijing, goes missing in the Gulf of Thailand with 239 people on board.
2017 - The famous "Azure Window" feature on the coast of the Maltese island of Gozo collapses into the sea.
2017 - A bomb attack on a military hospital in Kabul, Afghanistan, kills at least 49 people.
2017 - At least 30 people are killed in a bomb attack in Tikrit, Iraq.
2017 - FC Barcelona come back from a 4-0 deficit from the first leg of their UEFA Champions League tie against Paris Saint-Germain F.C. to win 6-1 on the night and 6-5 overall.
2018 - US President Donald Trump agrees to hold talks with North Korean leader Kim Jong-un.
Births
Up to 1900
1286 β John III, Duke of Brittany (d. 1341)
1293 β Beatrice of Castile, Queen of Portugal (d. 1359)
1495 β John of God, Portuguese-born friar and saint (d. 1550)
1514 - Amago Haruhisa, Japanese samurai and warlord (d. 1562)
1566 - Carlo Gesualdo, Italian composer (d. 1613)
1617 - Tito Livio Burattini, Italian architect, historian and engineer (d. 1681)
1702 β Anne Bonny, Irish-American pirate (d. 1782)
1712 β John Fothergill, English physician (d. 1780)
1714 β Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach, German composer (d. 1788)
1746 - AndrΓ© Michaux, French botanist (d. 1802)
1748 β William V of Orange, Dutch ruler (d. 1806)
1761 - Jan Potocki, Polish historian, diplomat and explorer (d. 1815)
1783 β Hannah Van Buren, wife of Martin Van Buren (d. 1819)
1799 - Simon Cameron, 26th United States Secretary of War (d. 1889)
1804 - Alvan Clark, American telescope maker and astronomer (d. 1887)
1822 β Ignacy Lukasiewicz, Polish inventor (d. 1882)
1825 - Jules Barbier, French poet, writer and opera librettist (d. 1901)
1827 - Wilhelm Bleek, German linguist (d. 1875)
1830 - Joao de Deus, Portuguese poet (d. 1896)
1839 - Josephine Cochrane, American inventor (d. 1913)
1841 β Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr., American jurist (d. 1935)
1847 β John Lister, British politician (d. 1933)
1848 - LaMarcus Adna Thompson, American developer of the roller coaster (d. 1917)
1856 - Bramwell Booth, 2nd General of the Salvation Army (d. 1929)
1859 β Kenneth Grahame, British writer (d. 1932)
1865 - Frederic Goudy, American type designer (d. 1947)
1872 β Anna Held, Polish actress and singer (d. 1918)
1879 β Otto Hahn, German chemist (d. 1968)
1886 β Edward Calvin Kendall, American chemist (d. 1972)
1891 - Sam Jaffe, American actor (d. 1984)
1892 β Mississippi John Hurt, American blues singer and guitarist (d. 1966)
1892 β Juana de Ibarbourou, Uruguayan poet (d. 1979)
1896 - Charlotte Whitton, 46th Mayor of Ottawa (d. 1975)
1899 - Eric Linklater, Scottish writer (d. 1974)
1900 β Howard H. Aitken, American computer pioneer (d. 1973)
1900 - Henry Abel Smith, British Governor of Queensland, Australia (d. 1993)
1901 1925
1902 β Jennings Randolph, American politician (d. 1998)
1907 β Konstantinos Karamanlis, Greek politician (d. 1998)
1911 β Alan Hovhaness, American composer (d. 2000)
1912 β Preston Smith, American politician and 40th Governor of Texas (d. 2003)
1912 - Meldrim Thomson, Jr., American politician and 73rd Governor of New Hampshire (d. 2001)
1914 - Yakov Borisovich Zel'dovich, Russian physicist (d. 1987)
1915 β Tapio Rautavaara, Finnish athlete (d. 1979)
1916 β John W. Seybold, American businessman (d. 2004)
1917 - Leslie Fiedler, American literary critic (d. 2003)
1917 - Ernst von Glasersfeld, German-born American philosopher (d. 2010)
1918 - Jacques Baratier, French director and screenwriter (d. 2009)
1921 β Alan Hale, Jr., American actor (d. 1990)
1921 β Cyd Charisse, American actress and dancer (d. 2008)
1922 - Yevgeny Matveyev, Russian actor and movie director (d. 2003)
1922 β Shigeru Mizuki, Japanese manga artist (d. 2015)
1923 - Ralph H. Baer, German-American video game designer (d. 2014)
1923 - Walter Jens, German writer and philologist (d. 2013)
1924 β Anthony Caro, British abstract sculptor (d. 2013)
1924 β Georges Charpak, Polish-born French physicist (d. 2010)
1925 - Warren Bennis, American scholar and writer (d. 2014)
1926 1950
1926 - Francisco Rabal, Spanish actor (d. 2001)
1927 - Dick Hyman, American jazz pianist
1927 - Irene Tinker, American economist
1929 - Hebe Camargo, Brazilian actress, singer and television presenter (d. 2012)
1930 - Yuri Rytkheu, Russian writer (d. 2008)
1930 - Pyotr Bolotnikov, Russian long-distance runner
1930 - Douglas Hurd, English politician
1931 - Neil Adcock, South African cricketer (d. 2013)
1931 - Heinz Mack, German artist
1931 - John McPhee, American writer and professor
1931 - Gerald Potterton, British-Canadian director, producer and animator
1933 β Luca Ronconi, Italian theatre and opera director (d. 2015)
1933 - Evelyn Ay Sempier, American model (d. 2008)
1935 - Akira Kitaguchi, Japanese footballer
1935 - George Coleman, American jazz musician
1936 - Gabor Szabo, Hungarian jazz guitarist (d. 1982)
1936 - Sue Ane Langdon, American actress and singer
1937 β JuvΓ©nal Habyarimana, President of Rwanda (d. 1994)
1938 - Giorgio Puia, Italian footballer
1939 - Peter Nicholls, Australian writer (d. 2018)
1939 - Paride Tumburus, Italian footballer (d. 2015)
1939 β Robert Tear, Welsh operatic tenor (d. 2011)
1939 - Lidiya Skoblikova, Russian speed skater and coach
1940 - Susan Clark, Canadian actress
1941 - Alexei Mishin, Russian figure skater
1941 - Wilfrid Napier, South African cardinal
1941 - Norman Stone, British historian and educator
1942 β Jan VyΔΓtal, Czech musician
1942 - Ann Packer, British athlete
1943 β Lynn Redgrave, British actress (d. 2010)
1943 - Michael Grade, British television executive
1944 β Sergey Nikitin, Russian composer
1944 - Pepe Romero, Spanish classical guitarist
1945 β Anselm Kiefer, German painter
1945 β Micky Dolenz, American musician (The Monkees)
1946 - JosΓ© Manuel Lara Bosch, Spanish businessman (d. 2015)
1946 β Randy Meisner, American musician
1947 β Carole Bayer Sager, American composer
1947 - Florentino PΓ©rez, Spanish businessman, President of Real Madrid C.F.
1948 β Peggy March, American singer
1948 - Gyles Brandreth, British broadcaster and former politician
1948 - Mel Galley, British rock musician (d. 2008)
1948 - Jonathan Sacks, former Chief Rabbi of the United Hebrew Congregations of the Commonwealth of Nations
1948 - Sam Lacey, American basketball player (d. 2014)
1949 - Natalia Kruchinskaya, Soviet-Russian gymnast
1949 - Antonello Venditti, Italian singer-songwriter
1949 β TeΓ³filo Cubillas, Peruvian footballer
1949 - Cho Yang-ho, South Korean businessman (d. 2019)
1951 1975
1952 - George Felix Allen, 67th Governor of Virginia
1954 - David Wilkie, Scottish swimmer
1954 β Cheryl Baker, British singer
1955 - Don Ashby, Canadian ice hockey player
1956 - Laurie Cunningham, English footballer (d. 1989)
1957 β Clive Burr, British musician (d. 2013)
1957 - ZΓ© SΓ©rgio, Brazilian footballer
1958 β Gary Numan, British singer and musician
1959 β Aidan Quinn, American actor
1959 - Brian McGee, Scottish musician
1961 - Camryn Manheim, American actress
1961 - Larry Murphy, Canadian ice hockey player
1962 - Mitsunori Yoshida, Japanese footballer
1963 β Mike Lalor, Canadian ice hockey player
1963 - Julio Cesar Silva, Brazilian footballer
1963 - Sasha Waltz, German choreographer, dancer and opera director
1964 - Yasuharu Sorimachi, Japanese footballer
1964 β Peter Gill, British musician
1964 - Kate Betts, American fashion editor
1964 - Thomas Bezucha, American screenwriter and movie director
1964 - Mark Oaten, British politician
1965 - Satoru Akahori, Japanese writer
1966 - Cheryl James, American singer and rapper
1966 - Anne McLaughlin, Scottish politician
1968 β Michael Bartels, German racing driver
1970 - Andrea Parker, American actress
1972 β Fergal O'Brien, Irish snooker player
1973 β Mark Lukasiewicz, American baseball player
From 1976
1976 β Freddie Prinze, Jr., American actor
1977 β James Van Der Beek, American actor
1977 β Johann Vogel, Swiss footballer
1979 β Tom Chaplin, English singer (Keane)
1979 - Andy Ross, American guitarist
1981 β Michael Beauchamp, Australian footballer
1981 - Timo Boll, German tennis player
1981 - Laura Main, Scottish actress
1982 - Kat Von D, American tattoo artist
1982 - Marjorie Estiano, Brazilian actress and singer
1983 β Andre Santos, Brazilian footballer
1984 β GyΓΆrgy Garics, Austrian footballer
1984 - Rafik Djebbour, Algerian footballer
1984 - Sasha Vujacic, Slovenian basketball player
1985 - Maria Ohisalo, Finnish politician and researcher
1986 - Lassad Nouioui, French-Tunisian footballer
1986 β Princess Tsuguko of Takamado of Japan
1987 - Devon Graye, American actor
1988 - Laura Unsworth, British field hockey player
1989 - Robbie Hummel, American basketball player
1990 β Petra Kvitova, Czech tennis player
1990 - Kristinia DeBarge, American singer-songwriter, dancer and actress
1991 - Miriam Bryant, Swedish singer-songwriter
1991 - Devon Werkheiser, American actor and singer
1991 - Alan Pulido, Mexican footballer
1992 - Charlie Ray, American actress
1994 - Dylan Tombides, Australian footballer (d. 2014)
1997 - Jurina Matsui, Japanese singer (AKB48)
Deaths
Up to 1900
1126 β Urraca of Leon (b. 1082)
1144 β Pope Celestine II
1550 β John of God, Portuguese-born friar and saint (b. 1495)
1641 - Xu Xiake, Chinese adventurer (b. 1587)
1702 β William III of England (b. 1650)
1757 β Thomas Blackwell, Scottish classical scholar (b. 1701)
1771 - Louis August le Clerc, French-Danish sculptor (b. 1688)
1819 - Benjamin Ruggles Woodbridge, American colonel and politician (b. 1739)
1844 β King Charles XIV John of Sweden (b. 1763)
1869 β Hector Berlioz, French composer (b. 1803)
1874 β Millard Fillmore, 13th President of the United States (b. 1800)
1876 - Louise Colet, French poet (b. 1810)
1887 β Henry Ward Beecher, American clergyman (b. 1813)
1887 - James Buchanan Eads, American engineer (b. 1820)
1889 β John Ericsson, Swedish engineer and inventor (b. 1803)
1901 2000
1906 - Suzanne Manet, French pianist and wife of the painter Edouard Manet (b. 1829)
1907 - Marynos Antypas, Greek lawyer and journalist (b. 1872)
1917 β Ferdinand von Zeppelin, German aircraft manufacturer (b. 1838)
1921 β Eduardo Dato, Spanish Premier
1921 - Andrew Watson, Scottish footballer (b. 1856)
1923 β Krisjanis Barons, Latvian writer (b. 1837)
1923 β Johannes Diderik van der Waals, Dutch physicist (b. 1837)
1925 - Juliette Wytsman, Belgian painter (b. 1866)
1930 β William Howard Taft, 27th President of the United States (b. 1857)
1935 - Ruan Lingyu, Chinese actress (b. 1910)
1935 β Hachiko, Japanese Akita dog known for its loyalty (b. 1923)
1941 β Sherwood Anderson, American writer (b. 1876)
1942 β JosΓ© Raul Capablanca, Cuban chess player and diplomat (b. 1888)
1961 β Thomas Beecham, English conductor (b. 1879)
1971 - Harold Lloyd, American actor (b. 1893)
1972 - Erich von dem Bach-Zelewski, German SS officer (b. 1899)
1973 - Ron "Pigpen" McKernan, American musician (b. 1945)
1975 - Joseph Bech, Prime Minister of Luxembourg (b. 1887)
1975 - Georg Faehlmann, Estonian sailor (b. 1895)
1975 - George Stevens, American director, screenwriter and producer (b. 1904)
1982 - Rab Butler, British politician (b. 1902)
1983 - Chabuca Granda, Peruvian-American singer-songwriter (b. 1920)
1983 - Alan Lennox-Boyd, 1st Viscount Boyd of Merton, English politician (b. 1904)
1983 - William Walton, English politician (b. 1902)
1985 - Kim Yong-Sik, Korean footballer (b. 1910)
1988 β Werner Hartmann, German physicist (b. 1912)
1993 - Billy Eckstine, American singer (b. 1914)
1999 β Adolfo Bioy Casares, Argentine writer (b. 1914)
1999 β Joe DiMaggio, American baseball player (b. 1914)
1999 - William Wrigley III, American businessman (b. 1933)
From 2001
2003 β Adam Faith, English singer and actor (b. 1940)
2004 β Abu Abbas, founder of the Palestinian Liberation Organisation (b. 1948)
2005 - Aslan Maskhadov, Chechen politician (b. 1951)
2007 β John Inman, English actor (b. 1935)
2007 - John Vukovich, American baseball player and coach (b. 1947)
2011 β Mike Starr, American musician (b. 1966)
2013 - Ewald-Heinrich von Kleist-Schmenzin, German army officer and publisher (b. 1922)
2014 - Victor Shem-Tov, Bulgarian-Israeli politician (b. 1915)
2014 - William Guarnere, American sergeant (b. 1923)
2014 - Park Eun-ji, South Korean politician (b. 1979)
2014 - Wendy Hughes, Australian actress (b. 1952)
2014 - Leo Bretholz, Austrian-American Holocaust survivor (b. 1921)
2015 - Sam Simon, American producer and writer (b. 1955)
2015 - Gerardo Sofovich, Argentine actor, director and television presenter (b. 1937)
2015 - Lew Soloff, American jazz trumpeter (b. 1944)
2015 - Inezita Barroso, Brazilian folk singer (b. 1925)
2016 - Richard Davalos, American actor (b. 1930)
2016 - Aldo Ferrer, Argentine economist (b. 1927)
2016 - David S. Johnson, American computer scientist (b. 1945)
2016 - George Martin, English musician, composer, sound engineer and producer (b. 1926)
2016 - Alfred E. Senn, American historian and academic (b. 1932)
2017 - Li Yuan-tsu, Vice President of Taiwan (b. 1923)
2017 - George Andrew Olah, Hungarian-American chemist (b. 1927)
2017 - Dave Valentin, American jazz flutist (b. 1952)
2018 - Ron Franklin, American jockey (b. 1959)
2018 - Wilson Harris, Guyanese writer (b. 1921)
2018 - Milko Kelemen, Croatian composer (b. 1924)
2018 - Peter Temple, Australian writer (b. 1946)
2018 - Togo D. West, Jr., American politician (b. 1942)
2018 - Kate Wilhelm, American writer (b. 1928)
2019 - Kelly Catlin, American cyclist (b. 1995)
2019 - Michael Gielen, Austrian conductor (b. 1927)
2019 - Cedrick Hardman, American football player (b. 1948)
2019 - Ian Lawrence, Australian-New Zealand politician, Mayor of Wellington (b. 1937)
Observances
International Women's Day
March 08 |
8650 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunset%20Boulevard%20%28movie%29 | Sunset Boulevard (movie) | Sunset Boulevard is a 1950 movie about a screenwriter (William Holden) accompanying a silent movie actress (Gloria Swanson). It was nominated for eleven Academy Awards and won three. For Andrew Lloyd Webber's musical theater, it starred Patti LuPone, Glenn Close, Betty Buckley and Elaine Paige.
1950 movies
United States National Film Registry movies
English-language movies
Movies directed by Billy Wilder |
8653 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/September%2026 | September 26 |
Events
Up to 1900
1087 William II of England is crowned king in Westminster Abbey.
1345 Friso-Hollandic Wars: Frisians defeat Holland in the Battle of Warns.
1371 Battle of Maritsa in the Serbian-Turkish War.
1580 Francis Drake completes his circumnavigation (voyage around the world).
1687 The Parthenon in Athens is partially destroyed by an explosion caused by the bombing from Venetian forces led by Francesco Morosini who are besieging the Ottoman Turks stationed in Athens.
1687 The city council of Amsterdam votes to support William of Orange's invasion of England, later known as the Glorious Revolution.
1777 British forces occupy Philadelphia, Pennsylvania during the American Revolutionary War.
1786 Protestors shut down the court in Springfield, Massachusetts in a military stand-off that begins the Shays' Rebellion.
1789 Thomas Jefferson is appointed the first United States Secretary of State.
1792 Marc-David Lasource accuses Maximilien Robespierre of wanting a dictatorship in France.
1810 The Riksdag (Swedish parliament) passes the Act of Succession, allowing Jean Baptiste Bernadotte to become heir to the throne of Sweden.
1832 The GΓΆta Canal in central Sweden opens.
1860 The current Flag of Ecuador is introduced.
1872 The first Shriners Temple (called Mecca) is established in New York City.
1901 2000
1907 New Zealand and Newfoundland are given Dominion status.
1908 The Norwegian football club SK Brann is founded.
1914 The US Federal Trade Commission is established.
1917 World War I: The Battle of Polygon Wood begins.
1918 World War I: The Meuse-Argonne Offensive begins.
1923 Gustav Stresemann resumes (restarts) the Weimar Republic's payment of reparation money.
1933 A hurricane in Tampico, Mexico kills 1,000 people.
1934 The steamship RMS Queen Mary is launched.
1941 Off the Azores, British passenger steamer Avoceta is torpedoed by a German U-boat. It sinks within two minutes, killing 123 people.
1944 World War II: The Allies abandon Operation Market Garden.
1950 Indonesia is admitted to the UN.
1950 Korean War: UN forces re-capture Seoul from North Korean forces.
1954 Japanese railway ferry Toya Maru sinks during a typhoon, killing 1,172 people.
1955 The Flag and Coat of Arms of East Germany are introduced.
1959 Typhoon Vera hits Japan, killing 4,580 people.
1960 The first televised United States Presidential debate takes place, between John F. Kennedy and Richard Nixon.
1960 Fidel Castro announces Cuba's support for the Soviet Union.
1962 The Yemen Arab Republic is proclaimed.
1969 Abbey Road, the last recorded album by The Beatles, is released.
1970 The Laguna Fire starts in San Diego County, California, burning 175,425 acres (709.92 square kilometers) of land.
1973 Concorde makes its first non-stop crossing of the Atlantic Ocean in record-breaking time.
1980 The Oktoberfest terror attack in Munich kills 13 people and injures 211.
1981 The first flight of a Boeing 767 takes place.
1983 Sailing: The Yacht Australia II wins the America's Cup, ending a 132-year US winning streak.
1984 The United Kingdom agrees to the 1997 handover of Hong Kong.
1992 A Nigerian troop transporter plane crashes shortly after take-off in Lagos, killing all 163 soldiers on board.
1997 A plane crash in Medan, Sumatra, Indonesia, kills 234 people.
1997 A major earthquake strikes central Italy.
2000 The ship MS Samina sinks off Paros in the Aegean Sea, killing 80 people.
From 2001
2001 The Polish Wikipedia is launched.
2002 A Senegalese ferry capsizes near the Gambia, killing more than 1,000 people.
2006 Shinzo Abe becomes Prime Minister of Japan for the first time.
2007 Yasuo Fukuda becomes Prime Minister of Japan.
2008 Swiss pilot and inventor Yves Rossy becomes the first person to fly a jet engine-powered wing across the English Channel.
2009 Typhoon Ketsana strikes the Philippines, and several neighboring countries, killing over 700 people.
2014 Several students are kidnapped from Iguala, Mexico.
2016 The first 2016 US Presidential debate between Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump takes place.
2017 It is announced that the Republic of Ireland is to hold a referendum on the issue of abortion in 2018.
2017 An end to the ban on women driving in Saudi Arabia is announced.
2019 New South Wales becomes the last Australian state to allow abortion.
Births
Up to 1900
1329 Anna of Bavaria, Queen of the Romans (d. 1353)
1406 Thomas de Ros, 9th Baron de Ros, English soldier and politician (d. 1430)
1698 William Cavendish, 3rd Duke of Devonshire (d. 1755)
1711 Richard Grenville-Temple, 2nd Earl of Temple, English politician (d. 1779)
1774 Johnny Appleseed, American folk hero (d. 1847)
1791 ThΓ©odore GΓ©ricault, French painter and lithographer (d. 1824)
1793 William Hobson, 1st Governor of New Zealand (d. 1842)
1820 Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, Bengali scholar (d. 1891)
1840 Louis-Olivier Taillon, French-Canadian politician (d. 1923)
1843 Joseph Furphy, Australian writer (d. 1912)
1849 Ivan Pavlov, Russian scientist (d. 1936)
1856 Leo Graetz, German physicist (d. 1941)
1865 Mary Russell, Duchess of Bedford, English pilot and ornithologist (d. 1937)
1867 Winsor McCay, American animator (d. 1934)
1869 Komitas Vardapet, Armenian composer (d. 1935)
1870 King Christian X of Denmark (d. 1947)
1872 Max Ehrmann, American poet (d. 1945)
1873 Alexey Shchusev, Russian architect (d. 1949)
1874 Lewis Hine, American photographer and scientist (d. 1940)
1876 Ghulam Bhik Nairang, Indian poet and Muslim nationalist (d. 1952)
1877 Alfred Cortot, French pianist (d. 1962)
1877 Ugo Cerletti, Italian neurologist (d. 1963)
1881 Hiram Wesley Evans, American Ku Klux Klan leader (d. 1966)
1886 Archibald Hill, English mathematician, won the 1922 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1977)
1887 Antonio Moreno, Spanish actor (d. 1967)
1887 Barnes Wallis, English scientist and inventor (d. 1979)
1888 T. S. Eliot, American poet (d. 1965)
1889 Martin Heidegger, German philosopher (d. 1976)
1891 Hans Reichenbach, German philosopher (d. 1953)
1893 Gladys Brockwell, American actress (d. 1929)
1895 JΓΌrgen Stroop, German SS officer (d. 1952)
1897 Pope Paul VI (d. 1978)
1898 George Gershwin, American composer (d. 1937)
1901 1925
1901 George Raft, American actor (d. 1980)
1905 Millito Navarro, Puerto Rican baseball player (d. 2011)
1907 Anthony Blunt, British double-agent (d. 1983)
1909 Bill France, Sr., American racing driver (d. 1992)
1910 Delfin Benitez Caceres, Paraguayan footballer (d. 2004)
1913 Berthold Beitz, German businessman (d. 2013)
1914 Achille Compagnoni, Italian mountaineer (d. 2009)
1914 Jack LaLanne, American fitness expert (d. 2011)
1917 Tran Duc Thao, Vietnamese philosopher (d. 1993)
1918 Olafur Johann Stefansson, Icelandic writer (d. 1988)
1918 John Zacherle, American television host, voice actor and singer
1919 Matilde Camus, Spanish poet (d. 2012)
1919 Ezio Loik, Italian footballer (d. 1949)
1921 Cyprian Ekwensi, Nigerian writer (d. 2007)
1922 Nicholas Romanov, Prince of Russia, claimant to Russian throne (d. 2014)
1923 Dev Anand, Indian actor and movie producer (d. 2011)
1923 James Hennessy, British diplomat and public servant
1925 Marty Robbins, American singer (d. 1982)
1926 1950
1926 Julie London, American singer and actress (d. 2000)
1927 Patrick O'Neal, American actor
1927 Robert Cade, American physician (d. 2007)
1927 Romano Mussolini, Italian jazz musician (d. 2006)
1927 Enzo Bearzot, Italian footballer (d. 2010)
1930 Fritz Wunderlich, German tenor (d. 1966)
1932 Donna Douglas, American actress (d. 2015)
1932 Manmohan Singh, former Prime Minister of India
1932 Vladimir Voinovich, Russian author and dissident (d. 2018)
1932 Richard Herd, American actor
1934 Dick Heckstall-Smith, English musician (d. 2004)
1935 Lou Myers, American actor (d. 2013)
1936 Winnie Madikizela-Mandela, South African activist (d. 2018)
1937 Valentin Pavlov, Russian politician (d. 2003)
1937 Jerry Weintraub, American movie producer (d. 2015)
1938 Raoul Cauvin, Belgian comic writer
1939 Ricky Tomlinson, English actor
1939 George McWhirter, Northern Irish-Canadian writer
1941 Salvatore Accardo, Italian violinist and composer
1941 Martine Beswick, English model and actress
1941 Vadim Glowna, German actor (d. 2012)
1942 Kent McCord, American actor
1942 Ingrid Becker, German athlete
1943 Ian Chappell, Australian cricketer
1944 Jan Brewer, American politician, 22nd Governor of Arizona
1944 Anne Robinson, English television presenter
1944 Jean-Pierre Ricard, French cardinal, Archbishop of Bordeaux
1945 Bobby Clark, Scottish footballer
1945 Gal Costa, Brazilian singer
1945 Bryan Ferry, English singer
1946 Radhna Krishna Mainali, Nepalese politician
1946 Andrea Dworkin, American activist and author (d. 2005)
1946 Christine Todd Whitman, 50th Governor of New Jersey
1946 Homa Rousta, Iranian actress (d. 2015)
1947 Lynn Anderson, American singer (d. 2015)
1948 Olivia Newton-John, Australian-British singer and actress
1948 Stuart Tosh, Scottish singer-songwriter and producer
1949 Clodoaldo, Brazilian footballer
1949 Minette Walters, English novelist
1951 1975
1952 George Wood, Scottish footballer
1954 Alice, Italian singer-songwriter
1954 Kevin Kennedy, American baseball player and manager
1956 Linda Hamilton, American actress
1957 Roger MacBride Allen, American science fiction writer
1957 Luigi De Canio, Italian footballer
1957 Klaus Augenthaler, German footballer
1958 Rudi Cerne, German ice skater and TV presenter
1958 Robert Kagan, American historian and author
1959 Andrew Bolt, Australian journalist and political commentator
1960 Uwe Bein, German footballer
1960 Jouke de Vries, Frisian politician and professor
1961 Will Self, British writer
1962 Mark Haddon, British writer
1962 Melissa Sue Anderson, American actress
1962 Al Pitrelli, American guitarist (Megadeth)
1962 Jacky Wu, Taiwanese singer, actor and television host
1963 Lysette Anthony, English actress and model
1964 Nicki French, English singer and actress
1965 Petro Poroshenko, Ukrainian businessman and politician, former President of Ukraine
1968 James Caviezel, American actor
1969 Holger Stanislawski, German football manager
1969 Anthony Cavanagh, French-Canadian comedian, actor and singer
1969 David Slade, English director
1972 Beto O'Rourke, American politician
1973 Chris Small, Scottish snooker player
1973 Julienne Davis, American actress, producer and screenwriter
1975 Jake Paltrow, American director
From 1976
1976 Michael Ballack, German footballer
1976 Dean Butterworth, English-American drummer (Good Charlotte)
1976 Tyler Denk, American model
1978 Robert Kipkoech Cheruiyot, Kenyan runner
1979 Naomichi Marufuji, Japanese professional wrestler
1979 Jaycie Phelps, American gymnast
1979 Taavi Roivas, former Prime Minister of Estonia
1980 Daniel Sedin, Swedish ice hockey player
1980 Henrik Sedin, Swedish ice hockey player
1980 Kazuki Ganaha, Japanese footballer
1981 Christina Milian, American singer
1981 Serena Williams, American tennis player
1981 Yao Beina, Chinese singer (d. 2015)
1983 Ricardo Quaresma, Portuguese footballer
1985 Lenna Kuurmaa, Estonian singer
1985 M. Pokora, French singer and songwriter
1986 Ashley Leggat, Canadian actress, singer and dancer
1987 Rosanna Munter, Swedish singer
1988 James Blake, English singer-songwriter
1988 Marina Kuroki, Japanese actress and singer
1988 Kiira Korpi, Finnish figure skater
1989 Ciaran Clark, Irish footballer
1989 Emma Rigby, English actress
1990 Pavel Avdeyev, Russian footballer
1991 Alma Jodorowsky, French actress, fashion model and singer
1993 Michael Kidd-Gilchrist, American basketball player
2000 Princess Salma bint Al Abdullah II of Jordan
Deaths
Up to 1960
1290 Margaret, Maid of Norway, Queen of Scotland (b. 1283)
1417 Francesco Zabarella, Italian jurist (b. 1360)
1425 Sophia of Bavaria, Queen of Bohemia (b. 1376)
1468 Juan de Torquemada, Spanish cardinal (b. 1388)
1620 Taicheng, Chinese Emperor (b. 1582)
1626 Wakisaka Yasuharu, Japanese daimyo (b. 1554)
1716 Antoine Parent, French mathematician (b. 1666)
1763 John Byron, English poet (b. 1692)
1802 Jurij Vega, Slovenian mathematician and military officer (b. 1754)
1820 Daniel Boone, American frontiersman (b. 1734)
1867 James Ferguson, Scottish-American astronomer (b. 1797)
1877 Hermann Grossmann, German polymath (b. 1809)
1902 Levi Strauss, German-born clothing manufacturer (b. 1829)
1904 Lafcadio Hearn, Irish-Greek writer (b. 1850)
1904 John F. Stairs, Canadian businessman and statesman (b. 1848)
1937 Bessie Smith, American blues singer (b. 1894)
1945 BΓ©la BartΓ³k, Hungarian composer (b. 1881)
1945 Kiyoshi Miki, Japanese philosopher (b. 1897)
1947 Hugh Lofting, English writer (b. 1886)
1952 George Santayana, Spanish philosopher (b. 1863)
1953 Xu Beihong, Chinese painter (b. 1895)
1954 Ellen Roosevelt, American tennis player (b. 1868)
1959 Solomon Bandaranaike, Prime Minister of present-day Sri Lanka (b. 1899)
1961 2015
1968 Daniel Johnson, Sr., 20th Premier of Quebec (b. 1915)
1973 Anna Magnani, Italian actress (b. 1908)
1976 Lavoslav Ruzicka, Croatian chemist (b. 1887)
1978 Manne Siegbahn, Swedish physicist (b. 1886)
1983 Tino Rossi, French singer and actor (b. 1907)
1984 Paquirri, Spanish bullfighter (b. 1948)
1987 Ramang, Indonesian footballer and manager (b. 1928)
1987 Herbert Tichy, Austrian mountaineer (b. 1912)
1990 Alberto Moravia, Italian writer (b. 1907)
1996 Geoffrey Wilkinson, British chemist (b. 1921)
1998 Betty Carter, American singer (b. 1929)
2000 Baden Powell de Aquino, Brazilian guitarist (b. 1937)
2000 Richard Mulligan, American actor (b. 1932)
2003 Shawn Lane, American guitarist (b. 1963)
2003 Robert Palmer, British singer (b. 1949)
2006 Iva Toguri D'Aquino, alleged Tokyo Rose (b. 1916)
2006 Byron Nelson, American golfer (b. 1912)
2008 Paul Newman, American actor and director (b. 1925)
2010 Gloria Stuart, American actress (b. 1910)
2012 Johnny Lewis, American actor (b. 1983)
2013 Sos Sargsyan, Armenian actor (b. 1929)
2014 Michael McCarty, American stage actor (b. 1946)
2014 Sam Hall, American television writer (b. 1921)
2015 Homa Rousta, Iranian actress (b. 1946)
From 2016
2016 Herschell Gordon Lewis, American movie director (b. 1929)
2016 Ioan Gyuri Pascu, Romanian singer, actor and comedian (b. 1961)
2017 Robert Delpire, French photographer and filmmaker (b. 1926)
2017 Barry Dennen, American actor (b. 1938)
2017 GΓΌnter Halm, German World War II lieutenant (b. 1922)
2017 Rinse Zijlstra, Dutch politician (b. 1927)
2018 Joe Carolan, Irish footballer (b. 1937)
2018 Ignaz Kirchner, Austrian actor (b. 1946)
2019 Giovanni Bramucci, Italian cyclist (b. 1946)
2019 Jacques Chirac, President of France (b. 1932)
2019 William Levada, American cardinal (b. 1936)
2019 Gennadi Manakov, Russian cosmonaut (b. 1950)
2019 Ronald L. Schlicher, American politician (b. 1956)
Observances
European Day of Languages (Council of Europe and EU)
Day of the National Flag (Ecuador)
Dominion Day (New Zealand)
Republic Day (Yemen)
Days of the year |
8658 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1785 | 1785 |
Events
January 1 β The Montgolfier brothers fly across the English Channel.
Births
December 26 β Laurent Clerc, co-founder of the first American school for the deaf
Deaths
January 3 β Baldassare Galuppi, Italian composer (b. 1706)
January 19 β Jonathan Toup, English classical scholar and critic (b. 1713)
January 23 β Matthew Stewart, Scottish mathematician (b. 1717)
April 14 β William Whitehead, English writer (b. 1715)
May 8 β Etienne Francois, Duke of Choiseul, French statesman (b. 1719)
June 2 β Jean Paul de Gua de Malves, French mathematician (b. 1713)
June 30 β James Oglethorpe, English general and founder of the state of Georgia (b. 1696)
August 17 β Jonathan Trumbull, Governor of the Colony and the state of Connecticut (b. 1710)
August 26 β George Germain, 1st Viscount Sackville, British soldier and politician (b. 1716)
August 28 β Jean-Baptiste Pigalle, French sculptor (b. 1714)
October 4 β David Brearly, delegate to the U.S. Constitutional Convention (b. 1703)
November 19 β Bernard de Bury, French composer (b. 1720)
November 25 β Richard Glover, English poet (b. 1712)
December 29 β Johan Herman Wessel, Norwegian writer (b. 1742) |
8660 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moli%C3%A8re | MoliΓ¨re | MoliΓ¨re (1622 β 17 February 1673) was a French actor, director and writer. His real name was Jean-Baptiste Poquelin, MoliΓ¨re was his stage name. He wrote some of the most important comedies in human history.
He was born in Paris where his father owned a carpet shop. As a young person, MoliΓ¨re decided to live an artist's life. At the age of 21, he founded a theatre company that soon went bankrupt. From 1645β1658, he toured France with some of his friends.
Later, King Louis XIV made Molière responsible for the entertainment at the court of Versailles near Paris. Molière was happy to have the king among his friends, because he had many enemies, especially important people in the Roman Catholic church. Molière's comedies deal with human weaknesses: jealousy, meanness, hypocrisy, fear of death. By putting his characters in ridiculous situations, Molière wants to entertain and educate his audience.
One of his most important plays is Tartuffe, showing a bigoted man stealing his way into a rich family. Molière's last play was Le Malade Imaginaire, called in English The Hypochondriac. As in many of his comedies, Molière played the main role. He died on stage during the fourth performance. Because of his problems with the church, he was not allowed to be buried in a church cemetery.
References
Other websites
Molière's works online at toutmoliere.net (in French)
Molière's works online at site-moliere.com
Molière's works online at InLibroVeritas.net
Molière's works online at classicistranieri.com
Biography, Bibliography, Analysis, Plot overview at biblioweb.org (in French)
Molière's Verses Plays Publication, Statistics, Words Research (in French)
Professional quality parody - "The Life & Times of Molière" at YouTube.com
1622 births
1673 deaths
Actors from Paris
French playwrights
Writers from Paris
Pen names
Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery |
8661 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sealand | Sealand | Sealand is a self-claimed country in the North Sea approximately 7.5 miles from the coast of Suffolk. Sealand is a structure called Roughs Tower it was built in the sea by the British Royal Navy, and later became Sealand. It is very small. There is only room for 300 people on it. Even though a man named Michael Bates says Sealand is a country, no other country has supported this claim. Sealand defends their claim to being a country due to meeting all four criteria of the Montevideo Convention.
Government and politics
Legal status
The owners claim that Sealand is an independent sovereign state because in 1968 an English court decided that Roughs Tower was in international waters and outside the jurisdiction of the British courts.
There are no other states that have diplomatic recognition for Sealand. In the declaratory theory of statehood, an entity becomes a state as soon as it meets the minimal criteria for statehood. Therefore, recognition by other states is purely "declaratory".
In 1987, the UK extended its territorial waters from three to twelve miles. Sealand now sits inside waters that Britain claims as its territory.
As a statelike entity 11110
Irrespective of its legal status, Sealand is managed by the Bates family as if it were a recognised sovereign entity, and they are its hereditary royal rulers. Roy Bates styles himself "Prince Roy" and his wife "Princess Joan". Their son is known as "His Royal Highness Prince Michael" and has been referred to as the "Prince Regent" by the Bates family since 1999. In this role, he apparently serves as Sealand's acting "Head of State" and also its "Head of Government". At a micronations conference hosted by the University of Sunderland in 2004, Sealand was represented by Michael Bates' son James, who was referred to as "Prince Royal James." The facility is now occupied by one or more caretakers representing Michael Bates, who himself resides in Essex, England. Sealand's constitution was instituted in 1974. It consists of a preamble and seven articles. The preamble asserts Sealand's independence, while the articles variously deal with Sealand's status as a constitutional monarchy, the empowerment of government bureaus, the role of an appointed, advisory senate, the functions of an appointed, advisory legal tribunal, a proscription against the bearing of arms except by members of a designated "Sealand Guard", the exclusive right of the sovereign to formulate foreign policy and alter the constitution, and the hereditary patrilinear succession of the monarchy. Sealand's legal system is claimed to follow British common law, and statutes take the form of decrees enacted by the sovereign. Sealand has issued passports and has operated as a flag of convenience state, and it also holds the Guinness World Record for "the smallest area to lay claim to nation status". Sealand's motto is E Mare Libertas (). It appears on Sealandic items, such as stamps, passports, and coins, and is the title of the Sealandic anthem. The anthem was composed by Londoner Basil Simonenko; it does not have lyrics.
Selling Sealand
At the beginning of 2007, the Bates put an ad in the newspaper. They would like to sell Sealand for 65 million pounds.
National motto: E mare libertas(Latin: From the sea, freedom)
Notes
References
Other websites
The Official Principality of Sealand Homepage
HavenCo Ltd.
Archival Sealand Homepage
Website of Rebel Sealand Government
National Anthem
Claimed transcript of the 1968 UK court case
Coins of Sealand
Meta Haven: Sealand Identity Project
The Sea Forts
HMS Roughs
Unrecognized countries
Micronations |
8663 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sticky%20note | Sticky note | A sticky note (or Post-it note) is a small piece of paper with a strip of glue along one edge that make it "sticky," so you can stick it to things. It was invented by Arthur Fry.
The most common sticky note is the Post-it, which is made by a company called 3M. In 1974 a man named Arthur Fry came up with the idea for the sticky note. He used a glue that was originally too weak to be used for anything else, so the notes would come off easy. 3M started to sell Post-Its in 1980.
In 2001, the patent for the glue that 3M uses on Post-it notes expired, so many other companies now make similar sticky notes.
References
Other websites
Official Post-It notes Website
Post-It notes Generator
Technology |
8668 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Becker%20%28TV%20series%29 | Becker (TV series) | Becker was a 1998 American television series. It was a sitcom on the CBS network. It starred Ted Danson as Dr. John Becker, a very grumpy family doctor who is unhappy with his life in The Bronx, New York. Becker became famous for his witty responses and constant negative outlook on all situations. The show aired on Wednesdays, and was cancelled in January 2004.
Characters
For the first four seasons, the main characters were:
John Becker β Ted Danson
Becker, a Harvard Medical School graduate, runs a neighborhood medical practice. He is easily annoyed by things, and is a very angry person. He has been married and divorced twice.
Margaret Wyborn β Hattie Winston
Becker's office manager, and one of the few people who can not get annoyed by Becker and his ways. Margaret is a motherly-like figure to Becker and Linda. She is married.
Linda β Shawnee Smith
A muddle-headed girl whose surname is never revealed. She works at the doctor's office to establish independence from her wealthy parents.
Regina "Reggie" Kostas β Terry Farrell
The owner and worker of a diner she inherited from her late father. Reggie is a former model and is unhappy being stuck running a diner.
Jake Malinak β Alex DΓ©sert
Becker's best friend. Jake also works at the diner selling newspapers and miscellaneous items such as candy, magazines, cigarettes, gum, etc. Jake is blind following a car accident several years before.
Bob β Saverio Guerra
Bob loiters at the diner and is Italian. He is an old high school classmate of Reggie's who is short, annoying, and refers to himself in the third person.
American sitcoms
1998 American television series debuts
CBS network shows
2004 American television series endings
English-language television programs |
8669 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted%20Danson | Ted Danson | Edward Bridge "Ted" Danson III (born December 29, 1947) is an American actor and producer. Danson was born in San Diego, California and raised in Flagstaff, Arizona. He is best known from his work on television. His roles include:
Dr. John Becker in Becker
Sam Malone in Cheers
Jack Holden in Three Men and a Baby and Three Men and a Little Lady
D.B. Russell in CSI: Crime Scene Investigation
Michael in The Good Place
Ted Danson was nominated for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series in 2018, 2019 and 2020 for playing Michael on The Good Place. The Good Place won a Peabody Award in 2019.
Other websites
References
1947 births
Living people
Actors from Arizona
Actors from San Diego, California
American movie actors
American movie producers
American television actors
American television producers
American voice actors
Emmy Award winning actors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Flagstaff, Arizona |
8676 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital%20camera | Digital camera | A digital camera is a camera that stores pictures in electronic memory instead of film. Because of this, a digital camera can hold many more pictures than a traditional film camera. A digital camera can sometimes hold hundreds or thousands of pictures. Many use a memory card to store them. Most digital cameras can use a USB cable that connects into a computer to send pictures that are in the camera to the computer.
Digital photography is a kind of photography where a digital camera is used to take photos. Digital cameras use an image sensor instead of photographic film. Very often, they also use a memory card to store the photos in a digital format. Most photography is digital, though some photographers still use the old film cameras.
The majority of cameras are part of a mobile phone, called a "camera phone". They can send their pictures to other phones and other devices. Most camera phones do not make as good pictures as larger separate cameras do, especially where light is not bright.
Most digital cameras can serve as Video cameras. Some have a direct link to another computer where the data may be stored.
Data storage
When you take a picture or a video, it is saved on a memory device. The memory device can be internal - flash memory inside the camera, or external - memory cards, microdrives and so on. The most used method for saving pictures and videos from a camera is a SD card.
The picture can be saved in a compressed file (JPEG, TIFF) or in an uncompressed, proprietary RAW file. The compressed picture is lower quality but the RAW picture has to be processed with a special computer program.
A video is usually saved as an AVI, MPEG or MOV file format (it depends on the producer of the camera).
Most modern cameras also put Exif information in the picture file. This metadata information usually includes the date of taking the picture, the camera type, and its settings. Some cameras include GPS coordinates.
Gallery
Other websites
Cameras
Electronics
Data input |
8677 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheers | Cheers | Cheers is a long-running American sitcom made by Charles-Burrows-Charles Productions in association with Paramount Television for NBC. The show premiered on September 30, 1982 and had its widely watched series finale on May 20, 1993, followed by a long and ongoing run in syndication. In eleven seasons, there were 270 episodes.
Format: Sitcom
Run time: approx. 0:30 (per episode)
Creators: James Burrows, Glen Charles, and Les Charles
Producers: David Angell
Characters and actors who portrayed them
Sam Malone (Ted Danson)
Diane Chambers (Shelley Long)
Rebecca Howe (Kirstie Alley)
Coach Ernie Pantusso (Nicholas Colasanto)
Carla Tortelli (Rhea Perlman)
Cliff Calvin (John Ratzenberger)
Woody Boyd (Woody Harrelson)
Frasier Crane (Kelsey Grammer)
Lilith Sternin (Bebe Neuwirth)
Norm Peterson (George Wendt)
Setting
Cheers was set in a Boston bar. This bar was where a group of friends would come to sit, drink alcohol, complain, and make practical jokes on a rival bar in town.
The show's main theme in its early seasons was the romance between Diane Chambers (Shelley Long) and ex-baseball pitcher and bar owner Sam Malone (Ted Danson). Long's departure from the show in 1987 shifted the emphasis to Sam's relationship with a new character, Rebecca Howe (Kirstie Alley). Diane returned for the finale.
The show also created the character Frasier Crane. Frasier got his own show (Frasier) the season after Cheers ended. Frasier's love interest Lilith Sternin appeared on both shows but Frasier and Lilith were no longer married in Frasier.
The producers, not wanting the show to be construed as promoting drinking, had Sam's character written as an ex-alcoholic. Most of the early episodes took place entirely within the confines of the bar. When the series became popular, some scenes were outside the bar.
The outer shots of the bar were actually the Bull and Finch pub, north of Boston Common, which has become a tourist attraction because of its association with the series. It is said to be the bar that the series creators saw and wanted to model the bar in their show after. It has now been renamed Cheers on Beacon Hill, though its interior is quite different from the TV bar.
Ratings
It was nearly cancelled during its first season (in which it ranked dead last among 63 shows). But it eventually became one of the most popular shows on TV because it had a top-ten rating during seven of its eleven seasons. The show earned 26 Emmy Awards out of a total of 111 nominations.
Other websites
1982 television series debuts
1993 television series endings
1980s American sitcoms
1990s American sitcoms
Boston, Massachusetts in fiction
NBC network shows
Television series set in Massachusetts
Emmy Award winning programs
English-language television programs |
8678 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackie%20Chan%20Adventures | Jackie Chan Adventures | Jackie Chan Adventures is an animated television series. Episodes were first broadcast on the WB television network, and later syndicated on other networks such as the Cartoon Network. It features fictionalized Jackie Chan and his niece Jade on their adventures trying to stop evil.
Animated television series
Kids WB series
English-language television programs
2000 television series debuts
2005 television series endings |
8681 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stapler | Stapler | A stapler is an office tool that is used to place thin items such as paper together. It uses a small piece of wire (a staple) to put them together. The ends of the staple are pointed and go into the paper. There is also a chain of stores called Staples, which sell office supplies.
When you press the stapler down, it will release a staple. The staple is pressed into the paper, and then bent. That way the pieces of paper get stuck together.
Tools |
8682 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pixar | Pixar | Pixar Animation Studios, or simply Pixar, is an American animation studio. It is known for its advanced CGI productions. It has been a partner of Disney for many years. In 2006, Disney bought the company.
Pixar started as a division of George Lucas' Lucasfilm in early 1979. In 1986, Apple Inc. founder Steve Jobs bought it for $10 million. He worked as a chairman and CEO until 2011.
The company has made a total of 28 movies and short films based on the characters, starting with Toy Story which was released on November 22, 1995, Toy Story 2 was premiered in 1999 and Toy Story 3 was made in 2010. The fourth film of the franchise is Toy Story 4 which released in 2019. The Toy Story franchise has globally become the highest-grossing animated films of all time and has also released several short films and several television series.
Movies
Toy Story (1995)
A Bug's Life (1998)
Toy Story 2 (1999)
Monsters, Inc. (2001)
Finding Nemo (2003)
The Incredibles (2004)
Cars (2006)
Ratatouille (2007)
WALL-E (2008)
Up (2009)
Toy Story 3 (2010)
Cars 2 (2011)
Brave (2012)
Monsters University (2013)
Inside Out (2015)
The Good Dinosaur (2015)
Finding Dory (2016)
Cars 3 (2017)
Coco (2017)
Incredibles 2 (2018)
Toy Story 4 (2019)
Onward (2020)
Soul (2020)
Luca (2021)
Short movies
A Computer Animated Hand
Adventures of AndrΓ© & Wally B. (Lucasfilm)
Luxo Jr.
Red's Dream
Tin Toy
Knick-Knack
Geri's Game
For the Birds
Mike's New Car
Boundin'''
Jack-Jack Attack One Man Band Lifted Mater and the Ghostlight Your Friend the Rat Presto Resuce Squad Mater El Materdor BURN-E Tokyo Mater Partly Cloudy Dug's Special Mission George & A.J. Day & Night La Luna Hawaiian Vacation Small Fry Partysaurus Rex The Legend of Mor'du The Blue Umbrella Party Central Lava Sanjay's Super Team Riley's First Date? PiperLou Bao''
Other websites
The Official Site |
8684 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finding%20Nemo | Finding Nemo | Finding Nemo is a 2003 American computer-animated comedy adventure film written and directed by Andrew Stanton, released by Walt Disney Pictures, and the fifth film produced by Pixar Animation Studios. It tells the story of the over-protective clownfish named Marlin (Albert Brooks) who searches for his captured son Nemo (Alexander Gould), along with a regal blue tang named Dory (Ellen DeGeneres) in Sydney Harbour. Along the way, Marlin learns to take risks and let Nemo take care of himself. It is Pixar's first film to be released in cinemas in the northern hemisphere summer. The film was re-released for the first time in 3D on September 14, 2012, and it was released on Blu-ray on December 4, 2012. A sequel, Finding Dory, was released on June 17, 2016.
The film received extremely positive reviews and won the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature. It was the second highest-grossing film of the year, earning a total of $921 million worldwide. Finding Nemo is also the best-selling DVD of all time, with over 40 million copies sold as of 2011, and was the highest money making G-rated film of all time before The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge On the Run overtook it. It is also the 22nd highest money making film of all time, as well as the 3rd highest money making animated film. In 2008, the American Film Institute named it the tenth greatest animated film ever made during their Top 10.
Plot
Two clownfish, Marlin and his wife Coral are admiring their new home in the Great Barrier Reef and their clutch of eggs that are due to hatch in a few days. Suddenly, a barracuda attacks them, and Marlin tries to defend and save his eggs, leaving Marlin unconscious. Coral and all but one of their eggs are also eaten. Marlin names this egg Nemo, a name that Coral liked.
The movie next shows Nemo's first day of school. Nemo has a tiny right fin, because his egg was injured by the barracuda attack. This makes it difficult for him to swim. After Marlin embarrasses Nemo during a school field trip by mistake, Nemo refuses and sneaks away from the reef towards a boat. So he gets captured by scuba divers. As the boat sails away, one of the divers accidentally knocks his diving mask into the water.
While trying to save Nemo, Marlin meets Dory, a good-hearted and optimistic Regal blue tang with short-term memory loss. While meeting three sharks on a fish-free diet, Bruce, a great white shark; Anchor, a hammerhead shark; and Chum, a mako shark, Marlin discovers the diver's mask that was dropped from the boat and notices an address written on it. However, when he angrily argues with Dory and accidentally gives her a nosebleed, the scent of blood causes Bruce to lose control of himself and attempt to eat Marlin and Dory. The two escape from Bruce but the mask falls into a trench in the deep sea. During a hazardous struggle with an anglerfish in the trench, Dory realizes she is able to read the address written on the mask, which leads to Sydney, Australia, and manages to remember it. She repeats " P. Sherman 42 Wallaby Way Sydney" to keep it in her memory. After receiving directions to Sydney from a large school of Silver moony, Marlin and Dory accidentally run into a bloom of jellyfish that nearly sting them to death; Marlin falls exhausted after the risky escape and wakes up to see a surf-cultured Green sea turtle named Crush, who takes Dory and him on the East Australian Current, referred to as the EAC by the animals. In the current, Marlin shares the story of his journey with a group of young sea turtles who spread the story around the ocean.
Meanwhile, Nemo's captor - P. Sherman, a dentist - places him into a fish tank in his office on Sydney Harbour. There, Nemo meets a group of aquarium fish called the "Tank Gang", led by a crafty and ambitious moorish idol named Gill. The "Tank Gang" includes Peach, a starfish; Bloat, a puffer fish; Bubbles, a Yellow tang; Deb, a Blacktailed humbug Gurgle, a Royal gramma; and Jacques, a pacific cleaner shrimp;. The fish are frightened to learn that the dentist plans to give Nemo to his niece, Darla. She is infamous for killing a goldfish given to her previously by constantly shaking the bag. In order to avoid this fate, Gill gives Nemo a role in an escape plan, which involves jamming the tank's filter and forcing the dentist to remove the fish from the tank to clean it manually. The fish could be placed in plastic bags, at which point they could only roll out the window and into the harbor. After a friendly pelican named Nigel visits with news of Marlin's adventure, Nemo succeeds in jamming the filter, but the plan backfires when the dentist installs a new high-tech filter.
While leaving the East Australian Current, Marlin and Dory get lost in the blooms of plankton and krill and are caught by a blue whale. Inside the whale's immense mouth, Marlin tries to escape while Dory talks with it in whale-speak. So, the whale carries them to Sydney Harbour and expels them through his blowhole. They are met by Nigel, who recognizes Marlin from the stories he has heard and rescues him and Dory from a flock of hungry seagulls by scooping them into his beak and taking them to the dentist's man's office. By this time, Darla has arrived and the dentist is prepared to give Nemo to her. Nemo tries to play dead in hopes of saving himself, and, at the same time, Nigel arrives. Marlin sees Nemo and mistakes this act for the actual death of his son. After a struggle, Gill helps Nemo escape into a drain through a sink.
Sad, Marlin leaves Dory and begins to swim back home. Poor Dory then loses her memory and becomes a little worried, but meets Nemo, who has reached the ocean, has no memory of him. As you know, Dory's memory is restored again after she reads the word "Sydney" on a nearby drainpipe and, remembering her journey, she guides Nemo to Marlin. After the two joyfully reunite, Dory is caught in a fishing net with a school of grouper. Nemo bravely enters the net and directs the group to swim downward to break the net, reminiscent of a similar scenario that occurred in the fish tank earlier. The fish, including Dory, succeed in breaking the net and escape. After some days, Nemo leaves for school once more and Marlin who is no longer overprotective after all.
Back at the dentist's office, the high-tech filter breaks down and The Tank Gang escape into the harbor. But, they realize that they are trapped in the bags of water that the dentist put them into when cleaning the tank.
Cast
Soundtrack
Father and Son by Cat Stevens
Just Keep Swimming by Ellen DeGeneres
Slicin' Sand by Authority Zero
Surfin' Safari by Reel Big Fish
Perfect by Simple Plan
Learn to Fly by Foo Fighters
Become What You Hate by Midtown
Fandango by Bob Bain
Psycho by Bernard Herrmann
Down Under by Men at Work
Reception
Finding Nemo currently holds a 99% fresh rating at Rotten Tomatoes with 100% by top critics, and an average of 89% on Metacritic. Roger Ebert gave the film four stars, calling it "one of those rare movies where I always wanted to sit in the front row and let the images wash out to the edges of my field of vision." The late broadway stars Paul Winchell, John Fiedler, and Ken Sansom who were the voices of three of Pooh's friends, Tigger, Piglet, & Rabbit in the Winnie the Pooh franchise, said Finding Nemo was their favorite animated film.
The film's use of clownfish prompted mass purchase of the animal as pets in the United States, even though the movie portrayed the use of fish as pets negatively and suggested that saltwater aquariums are notably tricky and expensive to maintain. The demand for clownfish was supplied by large-scale harvesting of tropical fish in regions like Vanuatu.
At the same time, the film had a quote that "all drains lead back to the ocean" (Nemo escapes from the aquarium by going down a sink drain, ending up in the sea). Since water typically undergoes treatment before leading to the ocean, the JWC Environmental company quipped that a more realistic title for the movie might be Grinding Nemo. However, in Sydney, much of the sewer system does really pass directly to outfall pipes deep offshore, without a high level of treatment (although pumping and some filtering occur). Additionally, according to the DVD, there was a cut sequence with Nemo going through a treatment plant's mechanisms before ending up in the ocean pipes. However, in the final product, logos for "Sydney Water Treatment" are featured prominently along the path to the ocean, implying that Nemo really did pass through some water treatment.
The Australian Tourism Commission (ATC) launched several marketing campaigns in China and the USA in order to improve tourism in Australia, many of them using Finding Nemo clips. Queensland also used Finding Nemo to draw tourists to promote its state for vacationers.
On the 3-D re-release, Lisa Schwarzbaum of Entertainment Weekly wrote that its emotional power was deepened by "the dimensionality of the oceanic deep" where "the spatial mysteries of watery currents and floating worlds are exactly where 3-D explorers were born to boldly go."
The 3-D re-release also prompted a retrospective on the film then nine years after its initial release. Stephen Whitty of the Newark Star-Ledger described it as "A genuinely funny and touching film that, in less than a decade, has established itself as a timeless classic," with Roger Moore of the McClatchy-Tribune News Service calling the movie "the gold standard against which all other modern animated films are measured."
Home media
Finding Nemo was released on DVD and VHS on November 4, 2003. The film was also released on DVD in a "Gold Edition", which came with a Finding Nemo stuffed toy character. The film had a home video release on both Blu-ray and Blu-ray 3D on December 4, 2012, with both a 3-disc and a 5-disc set.
Production
The inspiration for Nemo was made up of multiple experiences. The idea goes back to when director Andrew Stanton was a child, when he loved going to the dentist to see the fish tank, assuming that the fish were from the ocean and wanted to go home. In 1992 shortly after his son was born, he and his family took a trip to Six Flags Discovery Kingdom (which was called Marine World at the time). There he saw the shark tube and various exhibits he felt that the underwater world had bene done beautifully in computer animation. Later, in 1997 he took his son for a walk in the park, but found that he was over protecting him constantly and lost an opportunity to have any "father-son experiences" on that day. In an interview with National Geographic magazine, he stated that the idea for the characters of Marlin and Nemo came from a photograph of two clownfish peeking out of an anemone:"It was so arresting. I had no idea what kind of fish they were, but I wasn't taking my eyes off them. And as an entertainer, the fact that they were called clownfishβit was perfect. There's almost nothing more appealing than these little fish that want to play peekaboo with you." Also, clownfish are very colourful, but don't seem to tend to come out of an anemone very often, and for a character who has to go on a dangerous journey, Stanton felt a clownfish was the perfect kind of fish for the character.
Pre-production of the film took place in early 1997. Stanton began writing the screenplay during the post-production of A Bug's Life. As such, it began production with a complete screenplay, something that co-director Lee Unkrich called "very unusual for an animated film." The artists took scuba diving lessons so they could go and study the coral reef. The idea for the initiation sequence came from a story conference between Andrew Stanton and Bob Peterson while driving to record the actors. Ellen DeGeneres was cast after Stanton was watching Ellen with his wife and seeing Ellen "change the subject five times before finishing one sentence" as Stanton recalled. There was a pelican character known as Gerald (who in the final film ends up swallowing and choking on Marlin and Dory) who was originally a friend of Nigel. They were going to play against each other as Nigel being neat fastidious while Gerald being scruffy and sloppy. However the filmmakers had not found an appropriate scene for them that didn't slow the pace of the picture down, so Gerald's character was minimized.
Stanton himself provided the voice of Crush the sea turtle. Stanton originally did the voice for the film's story reel, and assumed they would find an actor later. When Stanton's performance was popular in test screenings, Stanton decided to keep his performance in the film. Stanton recorded all his dialogue while lying on a sofa in co-director Lee Unkrich's office.
Crush's son Squirt was voiced by Nicholas Bird, the young son of fellow Pixar director Brad Bird. According to Stanton, the elder Bird was playing a tape recording of his young son around the Pixar studios one day. Stanton felt the voice was "this generation's Thumper" and immediately cast Nicholas.
Megan Mullally revealed that she was originally doing a voice in the film. According to Mullally, the producers were dissatisfied to learn that the voice of her character Karen Walker on the television show Will & Grace was not her natural speaking voice. The producers hired her anyway, and then strongly encouraged her to use her Karen Walker voice for the role. When Mullally refused, she was dismissed.
The film was dedicated to Glenn McQueen, a Pixar animator who died of melanoma in October 2002.
Finding Nemo shares many plot elements with Pierrot the Clownfish, a children's book published in 2002, but allegedly conceived in 1995. The author, Franck Le Calvez, sued Disney for infringement of his intellectual rights. The judge ruled against him, citing the color differences between Pierrot and Nemo.
To ensure that the movements of the fish in the film were believable the animators essentially took a crash course in fish biology and oceanography. They visited aquariums, went diving in Hawaii and received in-house lectures from an ichthyologist.
Box office
Finding Nemo earned $380,673,009 in North America, and $540,900,000 in other countries, for a worldwide total of $921,573,009. It is the second highest-grossing film of 2003, behind The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King. In North America, outside North America, and worldwide, it was the highest-grossing film, up until 2020 when The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge On the Run surpassed it.
Finding Nemo set an opening-weekend record for an animated feature, making $70,251,710 (first surpassed by Sausage Party). It became the highest-grossing animated film in North America ($339.7 million), outside North America ($528.2 million) and worldwide ($867.9 million), in all three occasions outgrossing The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh. In North America, it was surpassed by both Sausage Party in 2016, and The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge On the Run in 2020. After the re-release of The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh in 2016, it stands as the fourth highest-grossing animated film in these regions. Outside North America, it was surpassed by Sausage Party, The Tigger Movie, and The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge On the Run. Worldwide, it now ranks third among animated films.
The film had impressive box office runs in many international markets. In Japan, its highest-grossing market after North America, it grossed $102.4 million becoming the highest-grossing Western animated film until it was out-grossed by The Tigger Movie ($126.7 million). Following in biggest grosses are the UK, Ireland and Malta, where it grossed Β£37.2 million ($67.1 million), France and the Maghreb region ($64.8 million), Germany ($53.9 million), and Spain ($29.5 million).
3D re-release
After the success of the 3D re-release of The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh, Disney and Pixar re-released Finding Nemo in 3D on September 14, 2012, with a conversion cost estimated below $5 million. For the opening weekend of its 3D re-release in North America, Finding Nemo grossed $16.7 million, debuting at the No. 2 spot behind Resident Evil: Retribution. From seven foreign markets, it earned a total of $5.1 million.
Accolades
Finding Nemo won the Academy Award and Saturn Award for Best Animated Film. It also won the award for best Animated Film at the Kansas City Film Critics Circle Awards, the Las Vegas Film Critics Society Awards, the National Board of Review Awards, the Online Film Critics Society Awards, and the Toronto Film Critics Association Awards.
The film received many awards, including:
Kids Choice Awards for Favorite Movie and Favorite Voice from an Animated Movie, Ellen DeGeneres.
Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actress, Ellen DeGeneres
Finding Nemo was also nominated for:
Two Chicago Film Critics Association Awards for Best Picture and Best Supporting Actress, Ellen DeGeneres
A Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture β Musical or Comedy
Two MTV Movie Awards for Best Movie and Best Comedic Performance, Ellen DeGeneres
In June 2008, the American Film Institute revealed its "Ten top Ten", the best ten films in ten "classic" American film genres, after polling over 1,500 people from the creative community. Finding Nemo was acknowledged as the 10th best film in the animation genre. It was the most recently released film among all ten lists, and one of only three movies made after the year 2000, the others being The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring and Shrek.
Video game
A video game based on the film was released in 2003, for PC, Xbox, PS2, GameCube and GBA.
Sequel
In 2005, after disagreements between Disney's Michael Eisner and Pixar's Steve Jobs over the distribution of Pixar's films, Disney announced that they would be creating a new animation studio, Circle 7 Animation, to make sequels to the seven Disney-owned Pixar films (which consisted of the films released between 1995 and 2011). The studio had put Toy Story 4 and Monsters at Work in development, and had also hired screenwriter Laurie Craig to write a draft for Finding Nemo 2. Circle 7 was subsequently shut down after Robert Iger replaced Eisner as CEO of Disney and arranged the acquisition of Pixar.
In July 2012, it was reported that Andrew Stanton is developing a sequel to Finding Nemo, with Victoria Strouse writing the script and a schedule to be released in 2016. However, the same day the news of a potential sequel broke, director Andrew Stanton posted a message on his personal Twitter calling into question the accuracy of these reports. The message said, "Didn't you all really learn from Toy Story 4? Everyone calm down. Don't believe everything you read. Nothing to see here now. #skyisnotfalling" According to the report by Hollywood Reporter published in August 2012, Ellen DeGeneres is in negotiations to reprise her role of Dory. In September 2012, it was confirmed by Stanton saying: "What was immediately on the list was writing a second Carter movie. When that went away, everything slid up. I know I'll be accused by more sarcastic people that it's a reaction to Carter not doing well, but only in its timing, but not in its conceit."
References
2003 comedy movies
2003 animated movies
2000s computer-animated movies
2000s buddy movies
2012 3D movies
American animated movies
American buddy movies
American comedy movies
American family movies
Buddy comedy movies
Disney animated movies
English-language movies
Movies about fish
Movies set in Australia
Movies that won the Best Animated Feature Academy Award
3D re-releases
Movies directed by Andrew Stanton |
8691 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibonacci | Fibonacci | Fibonacci, also known as Leonardo Bonacci, Leonardo Fibonacci and Leonardo of Pisa, lived c. 11701250. He was an Italian mathematician. He was thought "the most talented Western mathematician of the Middle Ages".
Fibonacci popularized the HinduβArabic numeral system to the Western World. He did this in his composition in 1202 of Liber Abaci (Book of Calculation). He also introduced to Europe the sequence of Fibonacci numbers which he used as an example in Liber Abaci.
Fibonacci number sequence
Fibonacci is best known for the list of numbers called the Fibonacci Sequence. The list never stops, but it starts this way:
1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, 233,
377, 610, 987, 1597, 2584...
In this list, a person can find the next number by adding the last two numbers together.
1 + 1 = 2
1 + 2 = 3
2 + 3 = 5
3 + 5 = 8
5 + 8 = 13
8 + 13 = 21
13 + 21 = 34
21 + 34 = 55
34 + 55 = 89
55 + 89 = 144
89 + 144 = 233
144 + 233 = 377
233 + 377 = 610
377 + 610 = 987
610 + 987 = 1597
987 + 1597 = 2584
etc...
This series is also interesting because the ratio of two adjacent numbers in the series approaches the golden ratio.
References
1170s births
1250 deaths
Italian mathematicians
People from Pisa |
8695 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20Stallman | Richard Stallman | Richard Stallman (born March 16, 1953) is the founder of the free software movement, the GNU project, and the Free Software Foundation. He is also a famous hacker. He created GNU Emacs, the GNU C Compiler, and the GNU Debugger. He is one of the main authors of the GNU General Public License (GNU GPL or GPL), the most used free software license, which pioneered the concept of the copyleft.
Since the mid-1990s, he has spent most of his time as a political campaigner, talking about free software and campaigning against proprietary software, software idea patents and expansions of copyright law. The time that he still spends on programming is spent on GNU Emacs. He is currently supported by various fellowships and maintains a modest standard of living.
Other websites
Stallman.org β Richard Stallman's personal homepage
Richard Stallman's blog
1953 births
Living people
American computer scientists
Scientists from New York City
American bloggers |
8697 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Hockey%20League | National Hockey League | The National Hockey League or NHL, is the highest-level ice hockey league in the world. It has 32 teams - seven are from Canada and the other 25 are from the United States. The winner of the playoffs each year wins the Stanley Cup.
The NHL began in 1917. Some of the owners in the National Hockey Association had problems with owner Edward Livingstone, so they got rid of him by creating a new league. There were five teams in 1917:
Montreal Canadiens
Montreal Wanderers
Ottawa Senators (later St. Louis Eagles; not related to the current Ottawa Senators)
Quebec Bulldogs (later Hamilton Tigers)
Toronto Arenas (later St. Patricks, then Maple Leafs)
They played 22 games a year. The Wanderers had to stop playing in the first year because their arena burned down. Over the years some teams died out, and others were created: the Boston Bruins, New York Americans, Montreal Maroons, Pittsburgh Pirates (later Philadelphia Quakers), New York Rangers, Chicago Black Hawks and Detroit Cougars (later Falcons, then Red Wings).
Some teams folded during the Great Depression, so by 1942 there were only six teams:
Boston Bruins
Chicago Black Hawks
Detroit Red Wings
Montreal Canadiens
New York Rangers
Toronto Maple Leafs
There were only these six teams for 25 years, so they became known as the "Original Six".
By the 1940s, they were playing 50 games a year, but this increased slowly to 80 games by the 1970s. In 1967, the league increased to 12 teams. By 1979 it had 21 teams, and today it has 31. Some of the teams that no longer exist are the Oakland Seals, Minnesota North Stars (now the Dallas Stars), Winnipeg Jets (now the Arizona Coyotes), Kansas City Scouts (which became the Colorado Rockies and are now the New Jersey Devils), Hartford Whalers (now the Carolina Hurricanes), Quebec Nordiques (now the Colorado Avalanche) and Atlanta Thrashers (now the current Winnipeg Jets).
Today they play 82 games a year, plus four rounds of playoffs. The players make a lot of money (many make over a million dollars a year). Because they could make so much money, many Europeans came over to North America to play in the NHL. Today almost all the world's best hockey players are in the NHL.
List of teams
Notes
An asterisk (*) denotes a franchise move. See the respective team articles for more information.
The Edmonton Oilers, Hartford Whalers (now Carolina Hurricanes), Quebec Nordiques (now Colorado Avalanche), and original Winnipeg Jets (now Arizona Coyotes) all joined the NHL in 1979 as part of the NHLβWHA merger.
Related pages
History of the National Hockey League
References
Notes
Other websites
Official NHL website
National Hockey League
1917 establishments in North America |
8698 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac%20Asimov | Isaac Asimov | Isaac Asimov (Β β April 6, 1992) was a writer of science fiction. He was also a biochemist with a PhD from Columbia University.
Life
Asimov was born in Petrovichi, Smolensk Oblast, Russian SFSR to a Jewish family, on an unknown date between October 4, 1919 and January 2, 1920. Asimov celebrated his birthday on January 2. He was taken to the United States when he was three, and learned English and Yiddish as his native languages. He wrote many books. People know about Isaac Asimov because of his science fiction books and his science books for non-scientists.
Writing
Asimov's most famous books were the Foundation series. He also wrote the Galactic Empire and the Robot Series. He also wrote mystery, fantasy, and non-fiction books. He wrote or edited over 500 books and about 90,000 letters. Other subjects he wrote about were history, the Bible, literature, and sexuality.
Many of Asimov's early writings were short stories published in cheap science fiction and fantasy magazines. Years later, most of them were collected and republished as collections. Well-known collections include I, Robot, The Rest of the Robots, Earth is Room Enough and The Early Asimov.
Asimov's reading list
Asimov made a list of 15 of his science fiction books, which he advised should be read in this order:
I, Robot (1950). Alternatively, The Complete Robot (1982).
Caves of Steel (1954).
The Naked Sun (1957).
The Robots of Dawn (1983).
Robots and Empire (1985).
The Currents of Space (1952).
The Stars, Like Dust (1951).
Pebble in the Sky (1950).
Prelude to Foundation (1988).
Forward the Foundation (1993).
Foundation (1951).
Foundation and Empire (1952).
Second Foundation (1953).
Foundation's Edge (1982).
Foundation and Earth (1986).
Numbers 1β5 are 'Robot' books; 6β8 are 'Galacticos Empire' books; 9β15 are Foundation series books.
Asimov's novels have influenced science fiction on television and movie. Especially his 'Three Laws of Robotics' is a lasting contribution to our thinking.
A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm.
A robot must obey any orders given to it by human beings, except where such orders would conflict with the First Law.
A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Law.
Beliefs
Although ethnically a Jew, Asimov was an atheist:
"I am an atheist, out and out. It took me quite a long time to say it. I've been an atheist for years and years, but somehow ... it was better to say one was a humanist or an agnostic".
Death
When he had heart surgery in 1983, he received blood infected with HIV. He developed AIDS, and died of the effects of the medical condition in 1992. His widow did not speak of this until years later.
Related pages
Arthur C. Clarke
Notes
References
1919 births
1920 births
1992 deaths
American atheists
American biochemists
Columbia University alumni
Deaths from AIDS
Jewish American writers
Writers from New York City
Scientists from New York |
8712 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/November%2013 | November 13 |
Events
Up to 1950
1002 β Ethelred the Unready orders the killing of Danes of England.
1160 β Louis VII of France marries Adele of Champagne.
1553 - Archbishop of Canterbury Thomas Cranmer and Lady Jane Grey are accused of high treason and sentenced to death.
1642 - English Civil War: Battle of Turnham Green - The Royalist forces withdraw against the Parliamentary army and fail to take London.
1775 - American Revolutionary War: Patriot revolutionary forces under General Richard Montgomery.
1792 β Trenton, New Jersey becomes an incorporated city.
1841 - James Braid first sees a demonstration of "animal magnetism", which leads to his study of the subject he eventually calls Hypnotism.
1851 β The first settlers arrive in what will become Seattle, Washington.
1864 β The Constitution of Greece is adopted.
1872 - A flood on Baltic Sea coastlines kills 271 people.
1908 β Andrew Fisher becomes Prime Minister of Australia.
1916 β Prime Minister of Australia Billy Hughes is expelled from the Labor Party of Australia.
1918 β British and French troops occupy Constantinople, the capital of the Ottoman Empire.
1927 - The Hotland Tunnel opens to traffic as the first Hudson River vehicle tunnel to link New Jersey and New York City.
1941 - World War II: British aircraft carrier HMS Ark Royal is torpedoed.
1942 - World War II: US and Japanese forces clash in an intense battle on Guadalcanal.
1945 β Sukarno becomes President of Indonesia.
1947 β The Soviet Union completes the development of the AK-47.
1950 β In Venezuela, General Carlos Delgado Chalbaud is assassinated in Caracas.
1951 2000
1954 - Great Britain defeats France in Paris to win the first Rugby League World Cup.
1956 β The United States Supreme Court declares Alabama's bus segregation laws illegal, ending the Montgomery Bus Boycott.
1957 β Flooding in the Po River valley of Italy leads to the flooding in Venice.
1960 - In the city of Amude in Syrian Kurdistan, a cinema fire kills 152 people.
1965 - The ship SS Yarmouth Castle burns and sinks 60 miles off Nassau, Bahamas, killing 90 people.
1969 β Up to 500,000 anti-war protesters march and protest in Washington, DC.
1970 β The Bhola Cyclone strikes East Pakistan (present-day Bangladesh), killing approximately 500,000 people.
1971 β The Mariner 9 spacecraft enters into orbit around Mars.
1972 - "Cyclone" Quimburga strikes the UK, Netherlands, Belgium and Germany, killing 73 people.
1977 β Shirley Jones and Marty Ingels marry.
1979 β The Times publishes for the first time in almost a year, following a strike.
1982 - Duk Doo Kim suffers fatal injuries, from which he dies on November 17, in a boxing match against Ray Mancini.
1982 β Vietnam Veterans Memorial dedicated.
1985 β The Nevado del Ruiz volcano in Colombia erupts, causing a mudslide that buries the town of Armero, killing around 23,000.
1985 - Xavier Suarez is sworn in as the first Cuban-born Mayor of Miami, Florida.
1986 - The Compact of Free Association takes effect, allowing the Marshall Islands and Federated States of Micronesia to become independent.
1990 β The first-ever website is released, after Tim Berners-Lee proposed the creation of the World Wide Web.
1992 - Riddick Bowe becomes heavyweight boxing world champion, defeating Evander Holyfield.
1994 - Michael Schumacher wins the first of his Formula One world titles.
1994 β Voters in Sweden approve entry to the EU.
1995 - A truck bomb explodes outside the US-operated Saudi Arabian National Guard training center in Riyadh, killing 5 Americans and 2 Indians.
1999 - Lennox Lewis becomes heavyweight boxing world champion, defeating Evander Holyfield.
2000 β Philippines: Articles of impeachment are passed against President Joseph Estrada.
From 2001
2001 β War on Terrorism: For the first time since World War II, US President George W. Bush signs an executive order that allows military tribunals against any foreigners believed of having connections to terrorist acts or planned acts on the United States.
2001 β War in Afghanistan: Northern Alliance forces take Kabul.
2002 β The oil tanker Prestige sinks off Galicia, causing a large oil spill.
2002 - Iraq agrees to let in UN Weapons Inspectors as part of the terms of UN Security Council Resolution 1441.
2005 β A chemical disaster occurs in Jilin, China, leading to the nearby river to be contaminated.
2010 β Following years of House Arrest, Aung San Suu Kyi is released in Burma.
2011 β Mario Monti is chosen to lead the Italian government following the resignation of Silvio Berlusconi.
2015 - Russia is provisionally suspended from international athletics competitions following a major doping scandal.
2015 - The November 2015 Paris attacks occur. At least 129 people are killed as attackers strike several sites across Paris late in the evening - at least 80 are killed at the Bataclan concert hall alone.
2017 - As four-time champion, the Italy national football team fails to qualify for the FIFA World Cup for the first time in 60 years; The Sweden national football team qualifies in its place, making sure of its first appearance in the competition since 2006.
2019 - An emergency is declared in the city of Venice, Italy, because of record flooding.
Births
Up to 1800
354 β Augustine of Hippo, Algerian philosopher (d. 430)
532 - Augustine of Canterbury, Archbishop of Canterbury (d. 604)
1312 β Edward III, King of England (d. 1377)
1486 - Johann Eck, German theologian (d. 1543)
1493 - William IV, Duke of Bavaria (d. 1550)
1504 - Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse (d. 1567)
1559 - Albert VII, Archduke of Austria (d. 1621)
1567 - Maurice of Nassau, Prince of Orange (d. 1625)
1595 - George William, Elector of Brandenburg (d. 1640)
1663 β Arni Magnusson, Icelandic scholar (d. 1730)
1699 - Jan Zach, Czech composer and musician (d. 1773)
1715 β Dorothea Christiane Erxleben, German doctor (d. 1762)
1732 - John Dickerson, American lawyer and Governor of Delaware and Pennsylvania (d. 1808)
1760 β Jiaqing Emperor of China (d. 1820)
1761 - John Moore, Scottish soldier and general (d. 1809)
1780 - Ranjit Singh, Indian founder of the Sikh Empire (d. 1839)
1782 β Esaias TegnΓ©r, Swedish writer (d. 1846)
1792 - Edward Trelawny, English writer (d. 1881)
1801 1900
1801 β Elisabeth Ludovika of Bavaria, Queen of Prussia (d. 1873)
1801 - Amalie Auguste of Bavaria, Queen of Saxony (d. 1877)
1806 β Emilia Plater, Polish-Lithuanian princess (d. 1831)
1809 - John A. Dahlgren, American navy admiral (d. 1870)
1813 - Peter II Petrovic-Njegos, Montenegrin statesman, religious leader and poet (d. 1851)
1814 β Joseph Hooker, American general (d. 1879)
1817 - Louis James Alfred LefΓ©bure-WΓ©ly, French organist and composer (d. 1869)
1826 - Charles Worth, English fashion designer (d. 1895)
1833 - Edwin Booth, American actor (d. 1893)
1838 - Joseph Fielding Smith, American Mormon leader (d. 1918)
1841 - Lucius F. C. Garvin, Governor of Rhode Island (d. 1922)
1848 β Albert I, Prince of Monaco (d. 1922)
1850 β Robert Louis Stevenson, Scottish writer (d. 1894)
1854 - George Whitefield Chadwick, American composer and educator (d. 1931)
1856 - Louis Brandeis, American jurist (d. 1941)
1869 - Helene StΓΆcker, German feminist, pacifist and publicist (d. 1943)
1869 - Ariadna Tyrkova-Williams, Russian-American activist, journalist and politician (d. 1962)
1872 - John MacIntosh Lyle, Canadian architect, designer, urban planner and teacher (d. 1945)
1878 β Max Dehn, German mathematician (d. 1952)
1879 - John Grieb, American gymnast (d. 1939)
1883 - Oscar Brockmmeyer, American soccer player (d. 1954)
1883 - Leo Goodwin, American swimmer, diver and water polo player (d. 1957)
1886 - Mary Wigman, German dancer and choreographer (d. 1973)
1893 β Edward Adelbert Doisy, American biochemist, won the 1843 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1986)
1897 β Gertrude Olmstead, American actress (d. 1975)
1899 β Iskander Mirza, President of Pakistan (d. 1969)
1899 β Huang Xianfan, Chinese historian and educator (d. 1982)
1901 1950
1904 - H. C. Potter, American movie director and theatre director (d. 1977)
1904 - Peter Yorck von Wartenburg, German lawyer and resistance activist (d. 1944)
1906 - Hermione Baddeley, English-American actress and singer (d. 1986)
1907 β Giovanna of Italy, Tsaritsa of Bulgaria (d. 2000)
1911 - Buck O'Neil, American baseball player and manager (d. 2006)
1912 - Claude Pompidou, wife of Georges Pompidou and First Lady of France (d. 2007)
1913 β Lon Nol, Cambodian politician (d. 1985)
1914 - Amelia Bence, Argentine actress (d. 2016)
1914 β Alberto Lattuada, Italian movie director (d. 2005)
1915 - Maurice M. Shapiro, American physicist (d. 2008)
1915 - Howard Cooke, former Governor-General of Jamaica (d. 2014)
1917 - Vasantdada Patil, Indian politician, 5th Chief Minister of Maharashtra (d. 1989)
1917 - Robert Sterling, American actor (d. 2006)
1919 - Mary Beth Hughes, American actress (d. 1995)
1922 β Oskar Werner, Austrian actor (d. 1984)
1923 β Linda Christian, American actress (d. 2011)
1924 β Motoo Kimura, Japanese geneticist and biologist (d. 1994)
1926 - Don Gordon, American actor (d. 2017)
1926 - Harry Hughes, 57th Governor of Maryland (d. 2019)
1929 - Asashio Taro III, Japanese sumo wrestler (d. 1988)
1929 β Fred Phelps, American pastor (d. 2014)
1930 - Adrienne Corri, Scottish actress (d. 2016)
1931 - AndrΓ©e Lachapelle, Canadian actress (d. 2019)
1932 β Richard Mulligan, American actor (d. 2000)
1934 - Peter Arnett, American journalist
1934 β Garry Marshall, American screenwriter, movie producer, and actor (d. 2016)
1935 β George Carey, former Archbishop of Canterbury
1935 - Tom Atkins, American actor
1936 - Salim Kallas, Syrian actor and politician (d. 2013)
1938 β Jean Seberg, American actress (d. 1979)
1939 β Karel BrΓΌckner, Czech football manager
1939 - Idris Muhammad, American jazz drummer (d. 2014)
1939 β Will Ryan, American actor
1940 β Saul Kripke, American philosopher and logician
1941 β Eberhard Diepgen, German politician, former Governing Mayor of Berlin
1941 - Dack Rambo, American actor (d. 1994)
1943 β Roberto Boninsegna, Italian footballer
1943 - Howard Wilkinson, English footballer
1944 - Timmy Thomas, American singer-songwriter, keyboardist and producer
1946 - Stanislaw Baranczak, Polish poet and translator (d. 2014)
1947 β Joe Mantegna, American actor and director
1948 - Humayun Ahmed, Bangladeshi novelist and movie maker
1948 - Adelle Lutz, American costume designer, model and actress
1950 - Gilbert Perreault, Canadian ice hockey player
1951 1975
1951 - Pini Gershon, Israeli basketball player and coach
1952 - Art Malik, Pakistani-born British actor
1953 - Frances Conroy, American actress
1953 - AndrΓ©s Manuel LΓ³pez Obrador, Mexican politician, President of Mexico from 2018
1953 - Andrew Ranken, British musician
1953 - Tracy Scoggins, American actress
1954 - Scott McNealy, American businessman, co-founder of Sun Microsystems
1954 β Chris Noth, American actor
1955 β Whoopi Goldberg, American actress and comedienne
1956 β Rex Linn, American actor
1956 - Charlie Baker, American politician, 72nd Governor of Massachusetts
1957 - Greg Abbott, American politician, 48th Governor of Texas
1957 β Stephen Baxter, English science fiction writer
1957 - Scott Thompson, American businessman
1957 - Roger Ingram, American trumpeter, educator and writer
1959 - Hari Kostov, former Prime Minister of the Republic of Macedonia
1959 - Caroline Goodall, British-Australian actress
1960 β Neil Flynn, American actor
1963 - Venny Testaverde, American football player
1965 - Zeljko Petrovic, Montenegrin footballer
1967 - Juhi Chawla, Indian actress, singer and producer
1967 β Jimmy Kimmel, American comedian and talk show host
1968 - Shinichiro Tani, Japanese footballer
1969 β Gerard Butler, Scottish actor
1969 β Ayaan Hirsi Ali, Somali-born Dutch writer and activist
1969 - Lori Berenson, American political activist
1971 - Noah Hathaway, American actor
1974 - Graeme Murty, Scottish footballer and coach
1975 β Ivica Dragutinovic, Serbian footballer
1975 β Quim, Portuguese footballer
1975 - Tom Compernolle, Belgian runner (d. 2008)
From 1976
1976 β Kelly Sotherton, English athlete
1976 - Albina Akhatova, Russian biathlete
1977 - Huang Xiaoming, Chinese actor and singer
1978 β Nikolai Fraiture, American musician (The Strokes)
1979 - Metta World Peace, American basketball player and rapper
1980 - Monique Coleman, American actress and singer
1982 - Daniela Klemenschits, Austrian tennis player (d. 2008)
1982 - Sandra Klemenschits, Austrian tennis player
1982 β Kumi Koda, Japanese singer
1982 - Michael Kopon, American actor and singer
1983 - Claudio Balderrama, Bolivian race walker
1984 - Kurt Morath, Tongan rugby player
1984 β Lucas Barrios, Argentine-Paraguayan footballer
1986 - Moon Chae-won, South Korean actress
1986 - Kevin Bridges, Scottish comedian
1987 - Dana Vollmer, American swimmer
1990 β Jeffrey Bruma, Dutch footballer
1990 - Jerzy Janowicz, Polish tennis player
1991 - Matt Bennett, American actor, singer and screenwriter
1991 - Devon Bostick, Canadian actor
1992 - Shabazz Muhammad, American basketball player
Deaths
Up to 1950
565 β Justinian I, Eastern Roman Emperor (b. 482 or 483)
867 - Pope Nicholas I
1004 - Abbo of Fleury, French monk and saint (b. 945)
1093 β Malcolm III of Scotland (b. 1041)
1143 - King Fulk of Jerusalem
1170 - Albert I of Brandenburg
1314 - Albert II, Margrave of Meissen (b. 1240)
1319 β Eric VI of Denmark (b. 1274)
1359 β Ivan III of Russia (b. 1326)
1460 β Henry the Navigator, Portuguese prince and patron of African exploration (b. 1394)
1606 - Girolamo Mercuriale, Italian physician and philologist (b. 1530)
1619 β Ludovico Carracci, Italian painter (b. 1565)
1726 - Princess Sophia Dorothea of Celle (b. 1666)
1770 β George Grenville, Prime Minister of Great Britain (b. 1712)
1862 β Ludwig Uhland, German poet (b. 1787)
1868 β Gioachino Rossini, Italian composer (b. 1792)
1916 - Saki, British author and playwright (b. 1870)
1929 β Princess Viktoria of Prussia (b. 1866)
1950 β Carlos Delgado Chalbaud, President of Venezuela (b. 1909)
1951 2000
1963 - Margaret Murray, English anthropologist and Egyptologist (b. 1863)
1967 - Harriet Cohen, English pianist (b. 1895)
1973 - Elsa Schiaparelli, Italian fashion designer (b. 1890)
1973 β Bruno Maderna, Italian-German conductor and composer (b. 1920)
1974 - Vittorio De Sica, Italian-French actor, director and screenwriter (b. 1901)
1983 - Henry Jamison Handy, American swimmer, water polo player and movie maker (b. 1896)
1983 - Junior Samples, American comedian and actor (b. 1926)
1986 - Rudolf Schock, German tenor (b. 1915)
1988 - Antal Dorati, Hungarian conductor (b. 1906)
1988 - Jaromir Vejvoda, Czech composer (b. 1902)
1989 β Victor Davis, Canadian swimmer (b. 1964)
1989 β Franz Joseph II, Prince of Liechtenstein (b. 1906)
1994 β Motoo Kimura, Japanese geneticist and biologist (b. 1924)
1996 - Bill Doggett, American pianist and organist (b. 1916)
1998 - Michel Trudeau, Canadian outdoorsman and son of Pierre Trudeau (b. 1975)
1999 - Donald Mills, American singer (b. 1915)
From 2001
2002 β Juan Alberto Schiaffino, Uruguayan footballer (b. 1925)
2004 β Ol' Dirty Bastard, American rapper (b. 1968)
2005 β Eddie Guerrero, Mexican-American professional wrestler (b. 1967)
2007 - Wahab Akbar, Filipino politician (b. 1960)
2009 - Bruce King, Governor of New Mexico (b. 1924)
2010 β Luis Garcia Berlanga, Spanish movie director (b. 1921)
2014 - Alvin Dark, American baseball player and manager (b. 1922)
2014 - Manoel de Barros, Brazilian poet (b. 1916)
2014 - Alexander Grothendieck, German-French mathematician (b. 1928)
2014 - Mike Burney, English jazz saxophonist (b. 1944)
2014 - Chris Meffert, American politician (b. 1943)
2015 - People killed in the November 2015 Paris attacks including:
Thomas Ayad, French music executive
Guillaume B. Decherf, French music executive and journalist (b. 1972)
Alban Denuit, French visual artist (b. 1983)
Matthieu Giroud, French geographer (b. 1976)
2016 - Enzo Maiorca, Italian free diver, television host and politician (b. 1931)
2016 - Leon Russell, American musician and songwriter (b. 1942)
2017 - Bobby Doerr, American baseball player (b. 1918)
2017 - Thomas J. Hudner, Jr., American naval aviator (b. 1924)
2017 - Alina Janowska, Polish actress (b. 1923)
2017 - David Poisson, French skier (b. 1982)
2017 - Jim Rivera, American baseball player (b. 1921)
2017 - Eric Salzman, American composer (b. 1933)
2018 - Lucho Gatica, Chilean bolero singer and actor (b. 1928)
2018 - Caroline Rose Hunt, American businesswoman and philanthropist (b. 1923)
2018 - Everett A. Kelly, American politician (b. 1926)
2018 - Katherine "Scottie" MacGregor, American actress (b. 1925)
2018 - William Mullan, Scottish football referee (b. 1928)
2019 - Kieran Modra, Australian swimmer and cyclist (b. 1972)
2019 - Raymond Poulidor, French cyclist (b. 1936)
2019 - Tom Spurgeon, American journalist (b. 1968)
2019 - Niall TΓ³ibΓn, Irish comedian and actor (b. 1929)
2019 - JosΓ© Luis Veloso, Spanish footballer (b. 1937)
Observances
World Kindness Day
Days of the year |
8714 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980 | 1980 | 1980 (MCMLXXX) was .
Events
January 20 β The Pittsburgh Steelers defeat the Los Angeles Rams to win their 4th Super Bowl championship. They hold the record for most wins by one team until 1995.
April 12 β Terry Fox begins his Marathon of Hope in Canada.
April 30 β Beatrix of the Netherlands crowned
May 18 β Mount St. Helens erupts.
August 1 β VigdΓs FinnbogadΓ³ttir becomes the 4th President of Iceland. She is the first female ever elected as a head of state in a democratic election.
August β Rising Solidarity a Polish trade union which make for fallen communism in East Europe
September 1 β Terry Fox ends his Marathon of Hope, after his cancer resurfaces.
September 22 β War begins between Iran and Iraq.
November 4 β Ronald Reagan defeats Jimmy Carter during the presidential elections.
December 8 β John Lennon of The Beatles is shot and killed outside of his apartment in New York City by Mark David Chapman.
Pictures taken by the Voyager 1 probe lead to the discovery of Saturn's moon, Atlas.
Births
January
January 1
Richie Faulkner, British rock guitarist
Karina Jacobsgaard, Danish tennis player
Mark Nichols, Canadian curler
Elin Nordegren, Swedish model
January 4 β Greg Cipes, American actor
January 7 β Hele KΓ΅rve, Estonian actress and singer
January 8
Adam Goodes, Australian rules footballer
Rachel Nichols, American actress
January 9 β Sergio GarcΓa, Spanish golfer
January 10 β Sarah Shahi, American actress
January 11 β Lovieanne Jung, American softball player
January 12 β Ameriie, American singer
January 13 β LaKisha Jones, American singer
January 14
Carlos Alvarado Quesada, Costa Rican politician, 48th President of Costa Rica
Ossama Haidar, Lebanese footballer
Hiroshi Tamaki, Japanese actor, model and singer
Cory Gibbs, American footballer
Monika KuszyΕska, Polish singer and songwriter
Sosuke Sumitani, Japanese announcer
YΕ«ko Kaida, Japanese voice actress
January 16
Albert Pujols, Dominican Major League Baseball player
Michelle Wild, Hungarian actress
Lin-Manuel Miranda, Puerto Rican-American actor, composer, and writer
January 17
Zooey Deschanel, American actress, singer and musician
Maksim Chmerkovskiy, Ukrainian-American dance champion, choreographer and instructor
January 18
Estelle, British singer and actress
Julius Peppers, American football player
Jason Segel, American actor and comedian
January 19
Jenson Button, British racecar driver
Arvydas Macijauskas, Lithuanian basketball player
January 20
Philippe Cousteau Jr., American-French oceanographer
Philippe Gagnon, Canadian Paralympic swimmer
Kim Jeong-hoon, South Korean singer and actor
Brigitte Olivier, Belgian martial artist
Petra Rampre, Slovenian tennis player
Matthew Tuck, Welsh singer and guitarist
January 21
Nana Mizuki, Japanese voice actress and singer
Kevin McKenna, Canadian footballer
January 22
Jake Grove, American football player
Christopher Masterson, American actor
January 24
Nyncke Beekhuyzen, Dutch actress
Suzy, Portuguese singer
January 25
Christian Olsson, Swedish athlete
Xavi, Spanish footballer
Michelle McCool, American professional wrestler
January 26 β Sanae Kobayashi, Japanese voice actress
January 27 β Marat Safin, Russian tennis player
January 28 β Nick Carter, American pop singer (Backstreet Boys)
January 29
Yael Bar Zohar, Israeli actress and model
Jason James Richter, American actor
January 30
Josh Kelley, American singer-songwriter
Wilmer Valderrama, American actor
February
February 2
Zhang Jingchu, Chinese actress
Nina Zilli, Italian singer-songwriter
February 5
Jo Swinson, British MP
Robin Vik, Czech tennis player
Paul DelVecchio, American reality show personality
February 6
Kim Poirier, Canadian actress
Luke Ravenstahl, American mayor of Pittsburgh
Mamiko Noto, Japanese voice actress
February 8 β Yang Wei, Chinese gymnast
February 9 β Manu Raju, American journalist
February 10
CΓ©sar Izturis, Venezuelan Major League Baseball player
Steve Tully, English footballer
February 11 β Matthew Lawrence, American actor
February 12
Juan Carlos Ferrero, Spanish tennis player
Christina Ricci, American actress
Gucci Mane, American rapper
February 14 β Michelle Ye, Hong Kong actress
February 15
Conor Oberst, American singer-songwriter
Petr Elfimov, Belarusian singer
February 16 β Ashley Lelie, American football player
February 17
Jason Ritter, American actor
Vahe Tilbian, Ethiopian singer of Armenian descent
February 18
Cezar, Romanian opera singer and pianist
Regina Spektor, Russian-American singer-songwriter
February 19
Mike Miller, American basketball player
Ma Lin, Chinese table-tennis player
February 20
Imanol Harinordoquy, French rugby player
Artur Boruc, Polish football (soccer) goalkeeper
Yuichi Nakamura, Japanese voice actor
February 21
Brad Fast, Canadian ice hockey player
Justin Roiland, American actor
Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck, King of Bhutan
February 22 β Jeanette Biedermann, German singer and actress
February 24
Emma Johnson, Australian swimmer
Shinsuke Nakamura, Japanese professional wrestler
February 25 β Chris and Christy Knowings, American actors
February 26 β JΓΊlio CΓ©sar da Silva e Souza, Brazilian footballer
February 27
Chelsea Clinton, daughter of former U.S. President Bill Clinton and U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton
Don Diablo, Dutch DJ and producer
February 28
Tayshaun Prince, American basketball player
Piotr Giza, Polish footballer
February 29
Simon GagnΓ©, Canadian hockey player
Peter Scanavino, American actor
March
March 1 β Shahid Afridi, Pakistani cricketer
March 2
Chris Barker, English footballer
Julia Chantrey, Canadian actress
Lance Cade, American professional wrestler (d. 2010)
March 4
Jung Da-bin, Korean actress (d. 2007)
Omar Bravo, Mexican footballer
Jack Hannahan, American baseball infielder
March 5 β Jessica Boehrs, German singer and actress
March 7
Murat Boz, Turkish singer and actor
Laura Prepon, American actress
Mart Toome, Estonian actor
March 9
Chingy, American rapper, singer and actor
Matthew Gray Gubler, American actor and director
March 11 β Gabriela Pichler, Swedish film director and screenwriter
March 13
Caron Butler, American basketball player
Nick Barua, British Corporate executive
March 14
Aaron Brown, English footballer
Hiro Matsushita, Formar Japanese Race car Driver and Businessman
March 16 β Todd Heap, American football player
March 17 β Katie Morgan, American porn actress and radio host
March 18 β Alexei Yagudin, Russian figure skater
March 19
Agnes Pihlava, Finnish pop singer
Johan Olsson, Swedish cross country skier
March 20
Hamada Helal, Egyptian singer
Jamal Crawford, American basketball player
Mikey Day, American actor, comedian and writer
March 21
Marit BjΓΈrgen, Norwegian cross-country skier
Ronaldinho, Brazilian footballer
Deryck Whibley, Canadian singer-songwriter and musician (Sum 41)
March 23 β Russell Howard, English comedian
March 26 β Rosendo Rodriguez, American convicted serial killer (d. 2018)
March 27 β Greg Puciato, American heavy metal musician
March 29 β Andy Scott-Lee, British singer
March 30 β YalΔ±n, Turkish pop singer and songwriter
March 31
Kate Micucci, American actress and voice artist
Chien-Ming Wang, Taiwanese Major League Baseball player
April
April 1
Randy Orton, American professional wrestler
Bijou Phillips, American actress
YΕ«ko Takeuchi, Japanese actress
April 4 β BjΓΆrn Wirdheim, Swedish race car driver
April 7 β Michael Bellisario, American actor
April 8
Ben Freeman, British actor
Carrie Savage, American actress and voice actress
April 9
Rachel Specter, American actress
Arlen Escarpeta, Belizean actor
April 10
Sean Avery, Canadian ice hockey player
Kasey Kahne, American race car driver
Charlie Hunnam, English actor
April 11 β Mark Teixeira, American baseball player
April 12 β Brian McFadden, Irish rock singer
April 13 β Colleen Clinkenbeard, American voice actress
April 14
Ayumi Ito, Japanese actress
Tom Franco, American actor
April 15 β Natalie Casey, English actress
April 16
Samir Javadzadeh, Azerbaijani singer
Paul London, American professional wrestler
April 17
Brenda Villa, American water polo player
Lee Hyun-il, South Korean badminton player
Alaina Huffman, Canadian film and television actress
April 18 β Justin Amash, American politician
April 20
Jasmin Wagner, German singer
Waylon, Dutch singer
April 21
Tony Romo, American football player
Vincent Lecavalier, Canadian hockey player
April 22 β Nicolas Douchez, French footballer
April 24
Austin Nichols, American actor
Karen Asrian, Armenian chess Grandmaster (d. 2008)
Reagan Gomez-Preston, American actress and voice actress
April 25
Lee Spick, English snooker player (d. 2015)
Daniel MacPherson, Australian actor
Kazuhito Tadano, Japanese baseball player
April 26
Jordana Brewster, American actress
Marlon King, Jamaican footballer
Channing Tatum, American actor and model
April 27 β Zayed Khan, Indian actor
April 28 β Josh Howard, American basketball player
April 29
Kian Egan, Irish singer
Emmad Irfani, Pakistani model and TV actor
April 30 β Luis Scola, Argentine basketball player
May
May 1 β Ana Claudia TalancΓ³n, Mexican actress
May 2
Tim Borowski, German footballer
Ellie Kemper, American actress and comedian
Zat Knight, English footballer
May 3 β Marcel Vigneron, American chef
May 5
Maia Hirasawa, Swedish pop singer
Yossi Benayoun, Israeli footballer
Hank Green, American entrepreneur, musician, educator, producer and vlogger
May 6
Kelly van der Veer, Dutch reality TV star
Dimitris Diamantidis, Greek basketball player
May 7 β Johan Kenkhuis, Dutch swimmer
May 8 β Benny Yau, Canadian entertainer
May 9
Grant Hackett, Australian swimmer
Carolin Kebekus, German comedian and actress
Norihiro Nishi, Japanese footballer
May 10 β Pete Gray, Australian environmental activist (d. 2011)
May 15 β Josh Beckett, American baseball player
May 17 β Alistair Overeem, Dutch mixed martial artist and kickboxer
May 18 β Ali Zafar, Pakistani music composer, singer-songwriter, painter and actor
May 19
Drew Fuller, American actor and model
Dean Heffernan, Australian footballer
May 21 β Gotye, Belgian-Australian multi-instrumentalist and singer-songwriter
May 22
Lucy Gordon, British actress (d. 2009)
Evelin VΓ΅igemast, Estonian actress and singer
May 24 β Cecilia Cheung, Hong Kong actress
May 28
Mark Feehily, Irish singer
JΓΈrgen Strickert, Norwegian comedian
May 29 β Michael Stasko, Canadian actor
May 30 β Steven Gerrard, English footballer
May 31 β Andy Hurley, American drummer
June
June 1
Oliver James, British actor
Damien Fahey, American MTV VJ, television host and drummer
June 2 β Lindsey Yamasaki, Japanese-American basketball player
June 3 β Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani, Emir of Qatar
June 5 β Mike Fisher, Canadian hockey player
June 6 β Mmusi Maimane, South African politician
June 7 β Henkka SeppΓ€lΓ€, Finnish bassist
June 8 β David Holoubek, Czech football manager
June 10
Jessica DiCicco, American actress
Francelino Matuzalem, Brazilian footballer
Wang Yuegu, Singaporean Olympic table tennis player
June 13
Sarah Connor, German singer
Juan Carlos Navarro, Spanish basketball player
June 16
Brad Gushue, Canadian curler
Joey Yung, Hong Kong singer
June 17
Kimeru, Japanese singer
Venus Williams, American tennis player
Jeph Jacques, American webcomic writer
June 19 β Jason White, American football player
June 22 β Ilya Bryzgalov, Russian ice hockey player
June 23
Erick ElΓas, Mexican actor
Mark Greaney, Irish singer and guitarist
Ramnaresh Sarwan, West Indian cricketer
Manus Boonjumnong, Thai boxer
Francesca Schiavone, Italian tennis player
Jessica Taylor, English singer
Melissa Rauch, American actress
June 24
Liane Balaban, Canadian actress
Minka Kelly, American actress
June 25
Nozomi Takeuchi, Japanese actress
Philippe Lacheau, French actor, director and writer
June 26
Michael Vick, American football player
Michael Jackson, English footballer
Rafiz Abu Bakar, Malaysian footballer
June 27 β Kevin Pietersen, South African-English former cricketer
June 29
James Courtney, Australian race car driver
Katherine Jenkins, Welsh soprano
Martin Truex Jr., American race car driver
June 30
Adil Annani, Moroccan long-distance runner
Ryan ten Doeschate, Dutch cricketer
Alireza Vahedi Nikbakht, Iranian footballer
Nelbert Omolon, Filipino professional basketball player
Rade Prica, Swedish footballer
Sayuti, Indonesian footballer
July
July 1
Mizz Nina, Malaysian fashion designer, a host, humanitarian
Nelson Cruz, Dominican baseball player
Shon Seung-mo, South Korean badminton player
July 2 β Brian Drolet, American actor, producer and writer
July 3
Roland Schoeman, South African swimmer
Olivia Munn, American actress and model
Harbhajan Singh, Indian international cricketer
July 5
Paul "DJ Pauly D" DelVecchio, American reality TV star
Eva Green, French actress and model
Zayed Khan, Indian actor and producer
FabiΓ‘n RΓos, Colombian actor and model
Jason Wade, American singer and guitarist
July 6 β Pau Gasol, Spanish basketball player
July 7
Marika DomiΕczyk, Polish American actress
Jim McMahon, British politician
Michelle Kwan, American figure skater
Dr Malinga, South African record producer and musician
July 8
Robbie Keane, Irish footballer
Chetan Anand, Indian badminton player
Yang Tae-Young, South Korean gymnast
July 10
Thomas Ian Nicholas, American film actor, singer, musician, producer, director and writer
Adam Petty, American race car driver (d. 2000)
Jessica Simpson, American singer
Jeremy Ray Valdez, American actor
James Rolfe, American director, actor and writer
ClΓ‘udia Leitte, Brazilian singer
July 11
Mathias Boe, Danish badminton player
Alvent Yulianto, Indonesian badminton player
July 12
Kristen Connolly, American actress
Eny Widiowati, Indonesian badminton player
July 13 β Pejman Nouri, Iranian football player
July 15
Reggie Abercrombie, American baseball player
BxB Hulk, Japanese professional wrestler
JW-Jones, Canadian blues musician
Jasper PÀÀkkânen, Finnish actor and film producer
Julia Perez, Indonesian singer and actress (d. 2017)
July 16
Svetlana Feofanova, Russian pole-vaulter
Adam Scott, Australian golfer
July 17
Rashid Ramzi, Moroccan-Bahraini athlete
Masato Yoshino, Japanese professional wrestler
Ryan Miller, American ice hockey goaltender
July 18 β Kristen Bell, American actress
July 19
Yeoh Kay Bin, Malaysian badminton player
Michelle Heaton, English singer (Liberty X)
Mark Webber, American actor
July 20
Gisele BΓΌndchen, Brazilian supermodel
Jin Goo, South Korean actor
July 21 β CC Sabathia, American baseball player
July 22
Tablo, South Korean-Canadian rapper, songwriter, record producer, and author
Dirk Kuyt, Dutch footballer
Kate Ryan, Belgian singer
July 23 β Michelle Williams, American singer and actress
July 25 β Rebeka Dremelj, Slovenian singer
July 26 β Jacinda Ardern, 40th Prime Minister of New Zealand
July 27 β Nick Nemeth, American professional wrestler
July 29
Rachel Miner, American actress
Fernando GonzΓ‘lez, Chilean tennis player
August
August 2 β Dingdong Dantes, Filipino actor
August 3
Nadia Ali, Pakistani-American singer-songwriter
Hannah Simone, British-Canadian actress
Dominic Moore, Canadian ice hockey player
August 5 β Wayne Bridge, English footballer
August 6 β Will Pan, American-Taiwanese singer-songwriter and actor
August 8 β Craig Breslow, American baseball pitcher
August 9
Charlie David, Canadian actor
Dominic Tabuna, Nauruan politician
August 10 β Pua Magasiva, Samoan actor
August 11 β Monika Pyrek, Polish pole vaulter
August 12 β Maggie Lawson, American actress
August 14 β Roy Williams, American football player
August 16
Julien Absalon, French mountain biker
Vanessa Carlton, American singer
August 17
David Legwand, American ice hockey player
Lene Marlin, Norwegian singer and musician
August 18 β Damion Stewart, Jamaican footballer
August 19
Darius Campbell, Scottish singer-songwriter
Adrian Lulgjuraj, Albanian singer
August 21
Jon Lajoie, Canadian comedian
Paul Menard, American race car driver
August 23
Rex Grossman, American football player
Joanne Froggatt, British voice artist
August 24 β Rachael Carpani, Australian actress
August 26
Macaulay Culkin, American actor
Chris Pine, American actor
August 27 β Derrick Strait, American football player
August 28 β Debra Lafave, American teacher
August 29
William Levy, Cuban-American actor
David West, American basketball player
September
September 2 β Dany Sabourin, French Canadian ice hockey goaltender
September 3
Jennie Finch, American softball player
Polina Smolova, Belarusian singer
September 4 β Max Greenfield, American actor
September 5 β Kevin Simm, English singer (Liberty X)
September 6
Kerry Katona, English TV presenter and former pop star (Atomic Kitten)
Samuel Peter, Nigerian boxer and heavyweight champion
Joseph Yobo, Nigerian footballer
September 7
Nigar Jamal, Azerbaijani singer, Eurovision Song Contest 2011 winner
Gabriel Milito, Argentine footballer
Mark Prior, American baseball player
September 8
Eric Hutchinson, American singer-songwriter
Neferteri Shepherd, African-American model and actress
September 9
Denise QuiΓ±ones, Puerto Rican actress, Miss Universe 2001
Michelle Williams, American actress
September 10 β Mikey Way, British musician (My Chemical Romance)
September 11 β Mike Comrie, Canadian ice hockey player
September 12
Sean Burroughs, American baseball player
Yao Ming, Chinese basketball player
Hiroyuki Sawano, Japanese composer
September 13
Ben Savage, American actor
Daisuke Matsuzaka, Japanese baseball player
September 15
Ben Wolff, American actor (d. 2015)
Jolin Tsai, Taiwanese singer
Faiz Khaleed, Malaysian astronaut
September 21
Kareena Kapoor, Indian actress
Autumn Reeser, American actress
September 24 β Victoria Pendleton, English cyclist
September 25 β T.I., African-American rap artist, film and music producer, actor and author
September 26 β Daniel and Henrik Sedin, Swedish ice hockey players
September 29
Patrick Agyemang, Ghanaian footballer
Dallas Green, musician
Zachary Levi, American actor and singer
September 30
Martina Hingis, Swiss tennis player
Emily Kokal, vocalist, guitarist
Arisa Ogasawara, Japanese voice actress
Guillermo Rigondeaux, Cuban boxer
October
October 1 β Sarah Drew, American actress
October 3 β Daniel DeSanto, Canadian actor and voice actor
October 4
Me'Lisa Barber, American athlete
Joe Kennedy III, American lawyer
TomΓ‘Ε‘ RosickΓ½, Czech footballer
Ben Whishaw, English actor
October 5
James Toseland, English motorcycle racer
Ti West, American film director
October 8
Michael Mizanin, American professional wrestler
Nick Cannon, African-American actor, comedian, rapper, entrepreneur, record producer and broadcast personality
October 10
Sherine, Egyptian singer
Lynn Hung, Hong Kong actress
October 11
Tomokazu Sugita, Japanese voice actor
October 12
Ledley King, English footballer
Nadzeya Ostapchuk, Belarusian athlete
October 13
Ashanti, African-American singer
Scott Parker, English footballer
October 14
Terrence McGee, American football player
Ben Whishaw, English actor
October 15 β Tom Boonen, Belgian cyclist
October 16
Sue Bird, Israeli-American basketball player
Timana Tahu, Australian Rugby League player
October 17
Angel Parker, American actress
Justin Shenkarow, American actor
Yekaterina Gamova, Russian volleyball player
October 18
Erin Dean, American actress
Reetinder Singh Sodhi, Indian cricket player
October 19 β JosΓ© Bautista, Dominican baseball player
October 21 β Kim Kardashian, American socialite and television personality
October 23 β Robert Belushi, American actor
October 24
Monica, African-American singer
Casey Wilson, American actress and comedian
October 28
Alan Smith, English footballer
Christy Hemme, American professional wrestler
October 29 β Ben Foster, American actor
October 31 β Eddie Kaye Thomas, American actor and comedian
November
November 4 β Sabrina Colie, Jamaican actress
November 5
Luke Hemsworth, Australian actor
Christoph Metzelder, German footballer
EssaΓ― Altounian, French-Armenian actor, singer-songwriter, keyboardist and music producer
November 6 β Anri Jokhadze, Georgian pop singer
November 7 β Gervasio Deferr, Spanish gymnast
November 10 β Calvin Chen, Taiwanese pop singer
November 11 β Willie Parker, American football player
November 12 β Ryan Gosling, Canadian actor and musician
November 13 β Monique Coleman, American actress
November 15 β Kevin Staut, French equestrian
November 16 β Kayte Christensen, American basketball player
November 17 β Isaac Hanson, American musician
November 18
Denny Hamlin, American race car driver
Dustin Kensrue, Canadian singer
François Duval, Belgian rally driver
Junichi Okada, Japanese singer
Luke Chadwick, English footballer
Mathew Baynton, English actor and writer
Minori Chihara, Japanese voice actress and singer
November 19 β Adele Silva, English actress and model
November 21
Hank Blalock, American baseball player
Hiroyuki Tomita, Japanese gymnast
Elaine Yiu, Hong Kong actress
November 22 β David Artell, English footballer
November 23 β Jonathan Papelbon, American baseball player
November 24 β Beth Phoenix, American professional wrestler
November 25
Rowly Dennis, English actor
John-Michael Liles, American hockey player
Nick Swisher, American baseball player
November 26 β Satoshi Ohno, Japanese singer
November 28 β Lisa Middelhauve, German singer (Xandria)
November 29
Jason Griffith, American actor and voice actor
Janina Gavankar, American actress and musician
Ilias Kasidiaris, Greek politician
December
December 1
Angelique Bates, American actress, comedian, and rapper
Joel A. Sutherland, Canadian author
December 3
Anna Chlumsky, American actress
Jenna Dewan, American actress
Jim Sorgi, American football player
December 5 β Ibrahim Maalouf, Lebanese-born French trumpeter
Shizuka ItΕ, Japanese voice actress
December 6
Steve Lovell, English footballer
Kei Yasuda, Japanese singer
December 7 β John Terry, English footballer
December 9
Simon Helberg, American actor and comedian
Ryder Hesjedal, Canadian professional cyclist
December 10 β Sarah Chang, American violinist
December 13
Satoshi Tsumabuki, Japanese actor
Bosco Wong, Hong Kong actor
December 15
Neil McDermott, English actor
Sergio Pizzorno, English guitarist and songwriter
December 16 β Axle Whitehead, Australian actor and singer-songwriter
December 18
Baron Vaughn, American actor and comedian
Christina Aguilera, American singer
December 19
Marla Sokoloff, American actress
Jake Gyllenhaal, American actor
December 20
Ashley Cole, English footballer
Chris Edwards, English musician
Fitz Hall, English footballer
December 22
Chris Carmack, American actor
Matt Parker, Australian author
December 23 β Cody Ross, American baseball player
December 25 β Laura Sadler, English actress (d. 2003)
December 27
Bernard Berrian, American football player
Cesaro, Swiss professional wrestler
December 30 β Eliza Dushku, American actress
December 31 β Richie McCaw, New Zealand rugby player
Deaths
January
January 1
Adolph Deutsch, American composer (b. 1897)
Frank Wykoff, American Olympic athlete (b. 1909)
January 2 β Alessandro Bruschetti, Italian artist (b. 1910)
January 3 β Joy Adamson, Austrian-born conservationist and author (b. 1910)
January 7 β Simonne Mathieu, French tennis champion (b. 1908)
January 8 β John Mauchly, American physicist and inventor (b. 1907)
January 10
Bo Rein, American football coach (b. 1945)
George Meany, American labor leader (b. 1894)
January 11 β Barbara Pym, English novelist (b. 1913)
January 13 β Andre Kostelanetz, Russian conductor and arranger (b. 1901)
January 17 β Barbara Britton, American actress (b. 1919)
January 18 β Sir Cecil Beaton, English photographer (b. 1904)
January 19 β William O. Douglas, American Supreme Court Justice (b. 1898)
January 21 β Georges Painvin, French cryptographer (b. 1886)
January 22
Walter Pym, Australian actor (b. 1905)
Teresa Noce, Italian labor leader, activist, and journalist (b. 1900)
January 23 β Leonard Strong, American actor (b. 1908)
January 24 β Lil Dagover, German actress (b. 1887)
January 25 β David Newell, American actor (b. 1905)
January 27
Hans Aeschbacher, Swiss sculptor (b. 1906)
Peppino De Filippo, Italian actor (b. 1903)
Eric Wyndham White, British administrator and economist, first Director-General of the GATT (b. 1913)
January 28 β Franco Evangelisti, Italian composer (b. 1926)
January 29 β Jimmy Durante, American actor, singer and comedian (b. 1893)
January 30
Maria Bolognesi, Italian Roman Catholic laywoman, mystic and blessed (b. 1924)
Professor Longhair, American musician (b. 1918)
January 31 β Eduardo CΓ‘ceres, Guatemalan politician (b. 1906)
February
February 1 β Jack Bailey, American actor (b. 1907)
February 2
Hanna Rovina, Russian-born Israeli actress (b. 1889)
William Howard Stein, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1911)
February 6 β Albert Kotin, American abstract expressionist painter (b. 1907)
February 7 β Richard Williams, Royal Australian Air Force officer (b. 1890)
February 8
Isadora Bennett, American publicity agent (b. 1900)
Nikos Xilouris, Greek pop singer (b. 1936)
Francesco Zucchetti, French Olympic cyclist (b. 1902)
February 9 β Tom Macdonald, British journalist and novelist (b. 1900)
February 10 β Wels Eicke, Australian rules football player (b. 1893)
February 11 β R. C. Majumdar, Indian historian (b. 1884)
February 12 β Muriel Rukeyser, American poet (b. 1913)
February 13 β David Janssen, American actor (b. 1931)
February 14 β Luitkonwar Rudra Baruah, Assamese composer and actor (b. 1926)
February 17
Jerry Fielding, American conductor and music director (b. 1922)
Graham Sutherland, English artist (b. 1903)
February 18 β Gale Robbins, American singer and actress (b. 1921)
February 19
Robert Morrison, British Olympic rower (b. 1902)
Bon Scott, Scottish-born Australian rock singer (b. 1946)
February 20
Joseph Banks Rhine, American parapsychologist (b. 1895)
Alice Longworth, U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt's daughter, wife of Nicholas Longworth (b. 1884)
February 21 β Aldo Andreotti, Italian mathematician (b. 1924)
February 22 β Oskar Kokoschka, Austrian painter and poet (b. 1886)
February 23
Enrico Celio, Swiss politician, 49th President of the Swiss Confederation (b. 1889)
Robert Hayden, American poet (b. 1913)
February 24
Michael Browne, Irish Roman Catholic prelate (b. 1895)
Clement Martyn Doke, South African linguist (b. 1893)
February 26 β Mario Mattoli, Italian director and screenwriter (b. 1898)
February 27
George Tobias, American actor (b. 1901)
Shin'ichi Hisamatsu, Japanese philosopher (b. 1889)
February 28 β James Goff, American football and basketball head coach (b. 1912)
February 29 β Gil Elvgren, American pin-up artist (b. 1914)
March
March 1
Dixie Dean, English football player (b. 1907)
Daniil Khrabrovitsky, Soviet film director (b. 1923)
Wilhelmina, Dutch-born American high-fashion model and owner of model agency (b. 1940)
March 3 β Roger Davis, American actor (b. 1884)
March 5 β Jay Silverheels, American actor (b. 1912)
March 6 β Barbara Brukalska, Polish architect (b. 1899)
March 9 β Nikolay Bogolybov, Russian actor (b. 1899)
March 10 β Herman Tarnower, American medical doctor and diet guru (b. 1910)
March 11 β Maud Hart Lovelace, American author (b. 1892)
March 13 β Roland Symonette, 1st Premier of the Bahamas (b. 1898)
March 14
Anna Jantar, Polish singer (b. 1950)
Mohammad Hatta, Indonesia's first vice president (b. 1902)
FΓ©lix RodrΓguez de la Fuente, Spanish naturalist and television presenter (b. 1928)
March 17 β Boun Oum, 4th Prime Minister of Laos (b. 1911)
March 18
Jessica Dragonette, American singer (b. 1900)
Elsa Goveia, Guyanese-born Jamaican scholar (b. 1925)
Erich Fromm, German-born psychologist and philosopher (b. 1900)
Louise Lovely, Australian actress (b. 1895)
Tamara de Lempicka, Polish-born painter (b. 1898)
March 21 β Peter Stoner, American mathematician, astronomer and Christian apologist (b. 1888)
March 24
John Barrie, Welsh actor (b. 1917)
Pierre Etchebaster, French real tennis player (b. 1893)
Γscar Romero, Salvadorian Roman Catholic archbishop (b. 1917)
March 25
Roland Barthes, French literary critic and writer (b. 1915)
Erminio Macario, Italian actor (b. 1902)
Walter Susskind, Czech conductor (b. 1913)
James Wright, American poet (b. 1927)
Milton H. Erickson, American psychiatrist (b.1901)
March 28
Helena BochoΕΓ‘kovΓ‘-DittrichovΓ‘, Czechoslovak illustrator (b. 1894)
James Hayes, American-born Filipino Roman Catholic, Jesuit archbishop, missionary and servant of God (b. 1889)
Dick Haymes, Argentine actor and singer (b. 1918)
March 29 β Mantovani, Italian-born conductor and arranger (b. 1905)
March 30
David Sharpe, American actor (b. 1910)
TΓ΄n Δα»©c ThαΊ―ng, 2nd President of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam) (b. 1888)
March 31
VladimΓr Holan, Czech poet (b. 1905)
Jesse Owens, American Olympic athlete (b. 1913)
April
April 2 β Stanley Forman Reed, American Supreme Court Justice (b. 1884)
April 4 β Red Sovine, American country and folk singer-songwriter (b. 1917)
April 6
John Collier, English writer (b. 1901)
Nils Ericson, Swedish actor (b. 1906)
April 8 β Bill Eastman, British army officer (b. 1911)
April 10 β Kay Medford, American actress and singer (b. 1919)
April 11 β Γmit KaftancΔ±oΔlu, Turkish writer (b. 1935)
April 12
Clark McConachy, New Zealand snooker and billiards player (b. 1895)
William R. Tolbert Jr., 20th President of Liberia (b. 1913)
April 13 β Karl Stegger, Danish actor (b. 1913)
April 15
Raymond Bailey, American actor (b. 1904)
Marshall Reed, American film and television actor (b. 1917)
Jean-Paul Sartre, French philosopher and writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1905)
April 18 β Antonio Caponigro, American gangster (b. 1912)
April 19
Charles Seel, American actor (b. 1897)
Tony Beckley, English character actor (b. 1927)
April 20
Katherine Kennicott Davis, American composer (b. 1892)
Helmut KΓ€utner, German director (b. 1908)
April 21 β Sohrab Sepehri, Persian poet and painter (b. 1928)
April 22
Jane Froman, American singer and actress (b. 1907)
Fritz Strassmann, German chemist (b. 1902)
April 24 β Alejo Carpentier, Cuban writer (b. 1904)
April 26 β Cicely Courtneidge, British actress (b. 1893)
April 27
Mario Bava, Italian director (b. 1914)
John Culshaw, British recording producer and musicologist (b. 1924)
April 28 β Thomas G. W. Settle, American record-setting balloonist and admiral (b. 1895)
April 29 β Alfred Hitchcock, British suspense film director (b. 1899)
April 30 β Luis MuΓ±oz MarΓn, Puerto Rican poet, journalist and politician (b. 1898)
May
May 1 β Henry Levin, American film director and actor (b. 1909)
May 2
George Pal, Hungarian-born animator and producer (b. 1904)
Clarrie Grimmett, New Zealand-born cricketer (b. 1891)
May 4
Kay Hammond, English actress (b. 1909)
Josip Broz Tito, Croatian-born Yugoslav communist military and political leader, 19th Prime Minister of Yugoslavia and 1st President of Yugoslavia (b. 1892)
May 5 β Isabel Briggs Myers, American psychological theorist and co-creator of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (b. 1897)
May 7
Isla Cameron, British actress (b. 1930)
Margaret Cole, British politician (b. 1893)
May 8 β Geoffrey Baker, English field marshal (b. 1912)
May 9
Prince Himalaya of Nepal (b. 1921)
Kate Molale, South African anti-apartheid activist (b. 1928)
May 12 β Lillian Roth, American actress (b. 1910)
May 14
Carl Ebert, German theatre and opera director (b. 1887)
Hugh Griffith, Welsh actor (b. 1912)
May 16
JosΓ© Calvo, Spanish actor (b. 1916)
Marin Preda, Romanian writer (b. 1922)
May 18
David A. Johnston, American volcanologist (b. 1949) (killed by eruption of Mount St. Helens)
Ian Curtis, English musician and singer (b. 1956)
Reid Blackburn, photojournalist for National Geographic (b. 1952; also killed by eruption of Mount St. Helens)
Harry R. Truman, Owner/Operator of Mt. St. Helens Lodge (b. 1896; killed by eruption of Mount St. Helens)
May 20 β Jack Walsh, Australian cricketer (b. 1912)
May 21 β Ida KamiΕska, Polish-born Jewish actress, playwright and translator (b. 1899)
May 25 β George West, British Anglican missionary (b. 1893)
May 28 β Rolf Nevanlinna, Finnish mathematician (b. 1895)
May 30 β Carl Radle, American bassist (b. 1942)
June
June 1 β Rube Marquard, American baseball player (New York Giants) and a member of the MLB Hall of Fame (b. 1886)
June 7
Richard Bonelli, American opera baritone (b. 1889)
Henry Miller, American writer (b. 1891)
Elizabeth Craig, British chef and writer (b. 1883)
Salvator Gotta, Italian writer (b. 1887)
Philip Guston, American painter (b. 1912)
Marian Spychalski, Polish architect and politician, former head of State (b. 1908)
June 8
Ernst Busch, German singer and actor (b. 1900)
Alfredo Brilhante da Costa, Brazilian football player (b. 1904)
June 9 β Shyam Kumari Khan, Indian lawyer (b. 1904)
June 12
Billy Butlin, South African-born Canadian founder of Butlins Holiday Camps (b. 1899)
Masayoshi Εhira, Japanese politician, 43rd Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1910)
Milburn Stone, American actor (b. 1904)
June 13 β Walter Rodney, Guyanese historian and political figure (b. 1942)
June 14 β Sante Spessotto, Italian Roman Catholic priest and saint (b. 1923)
June 18 β Terence Fisher, British director (b. 1904)
June 20 β Amy Key Clarke, English mystical poet (b. 1892)
June 21 β Bert Kaempfert, German orchestra leader and songwriter (b. 1923)
June 23
Clyfford Still, American painter (b. 1904)
John Laurie, Scottish actor (b. 1897)
V. V. Giri, Indian politician and 4th President of India (b. 1894)
June 24 β Boris Kaufman, Russian cinematographer (b. 1897)
June 26 β Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch Ignatius Jacob III (b. 1912)
June 27 β Carey McWilliams, American author, editor and lawyer (b. 1905)
June 28 β JosΓ© Iturbi, Spanish conductor and musician (b. 1895)
July
July β Robert Brackman, American painter (b. 1898)
July 1 β C. P. Snow, British physicist and novelist (b. 1905)
July 3
Deng Hua, Chinese general (b. 1910)
Abdelhamid Sharaf, 51st Prime Minister of Jordan (b. 1939)
July 4 β Gregory Bateson, British anthropologist, anthropologist, social scientist, linguist, semiotician and cyberneticist (b. 1904)
July 6 β Gail Patrick, American actress (b. 1911)
July 7
Prince Dmitri Alexandrovich of Russia (b. 1901)
Reginald Gardiner, English actor (b. 1903)
Dore Schary, American film writer, director and producer (b. 1905)
Dan White, American actor (b. 1908)
July 8 β Rudolf Creutz, Austrian criminal (b. 1896)
July 9 β Vinicius de Moraes, Brazilian writer, poet and diplomat (b. 1913)
July 13 β Seretse Khama, 1st President of Botswana (b. 1921)
July 15 β Ben Selvin, American orchestra leader and recording artist (b. 1898)
July 17
Red Barry, American actor (b. 1912)
Boris Delaunay, Russian mathematician (b. 1890)
July 19 β Nihat Erim, Turkish politician and jurist, 30th Prime Minister of Turkey (b. 1912)
July 20 β Lado Gudiashvili, Soviet painter (b. 1896)
July 21 β Salah al-Din al-Bitar, Syrian politician, 2-time Prime Minister of Syria (b. 1912)
July 22 β Hans-Georg BΓΌrger, German racing driver (b. 1952)
July 23 β Keith Godchaux, American musician (b. 1948)
July 24 β Peter Sellers, British comedian and actor (b. 1925)
July 25
Tony Catalano, American football player (b. 1895)
Vladimir Vysotsky, Soviet singer-songwriter, poet and actor (b. 1938)
July 26
Allen Hoskins, American actor (b. 1920)
Kenneth Tynan, English theatre critic (b. 1927)
July 27 β Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Shah of Iran (b. 1919)
July 28 β Maria Luisa Monteiro da Cunha, Brazilian librarian (b. 1908)
July 30 β Lucien Dalsace, French actor (b. 1893)
July 31
Pascual Jordan, German physicist (b. 1902)
Bobby Van, American actor, singer, and dancer (b. 1928)
August
August 1
Patrick Depailler, French racing driver (b. 1944)
Strother Martin, American actor (b. 1919)
August 2 β Donald Ogden Stewart, American writer (b. 1894)
August 9
Harry Bell, Australian footballer (b. 1897)
Jacqueline "Jackie" Cochran, American pilot (b. 1906)
Elliott Nugent, American actor (b. 1896)
August 10
Gareth Evans, British philosopher (b. 1946)
Yahya Khan, Pakistani general and statesman, 3rd President of Pakistan (b. 1917)
August 14 β Dorothy Stratten, Canadian actress and model (murdered) (b. 1960)
August 15 β William Hood Simpson, American general (b. 1888)
August 18 β Arman, Iranian-born Soviet actor (b. 1921)
August 19 β Otto Frank, German father of Jewish diarist Anne Frank (b. 1889)
August 20 β Joe Dassin, American-born French singer-songwriter (b. 1938)
August 22 β Norman Shelley, British actor (b. 1903)
August 24 β Yootha Joyce, British actress (b. 1927)
August 25 β Gower Champion, American theatre director, choreographer and dancer (b. 1919)
August 26 β Tex Avery, American cartoonist (b. 1908)
September
September 3
Barbara O'Neil, American actress (b. 1909)
Dirch Passer, Danish actor (b. 1926)
Duncan Renaldo, American actor (b. 1904)
September 4
Pepe Abad, Spanish-born Chilean television presenter and radio host (b. 1932)
George Murray Burnett, British mathematician and chemist (b. 1921)
September 8 β Willard Libby, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1908)
September 9 β Manzoor Ali Khan, Pakistani classical singer (b. 1922)
September 12 β Lillian Randolph, American actress (b. 1898)
September 14 β Domingo Acedo, Spanish football player (b. 1898)
September 15 β Bill Evans, American jazz pianist (b. 1929)
September 16
Jean Piaget, Swiss psychologist (b. 1896)
Julio Franco Arango, Colombian Roman Catholic bishop (b. 1914)
September 17 β Anastasio Somoza Debayle, Nicataguan politician, President of Nicaragua (b. 1925)
September 18 β Katherine Anne Porter, American author (b. 1890)
September 19 β Sol Lesser, American film producer (b. 1890)
September 23 β Jacobus Johannes FouchΓ©, 5th President of South Africa (b. 1898)
September 25
John Bonham, British rock drummer (Led Zeppelin) (b. 1948)
Lewis Milestone, American film director (b. 1895)
Marie Under, Estonian poet (b. 1883)
September 30
John McGuire, American actor (b. 1929)
Peter, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein (b. 1922)
October
October 2 β John Kotelawala, Sri Lanka soldier and politician, 3rd Prime Minister of Ceylon (b. 1895)
October 6 β Hattie Jacques, British actress (b. 1922)
October 7 β Sydney Gordon Russell, English designer and craftsman (b. 1892)
October 10 β Billie Thomas, American actor (b. 1931)
October 12 β Alberto Demicheli, Uruguayan political figure, President of Uruguay ("de facto") (b. 1896)
October 15 β Prince Peter of Greece and Denmark (b. 1908)
October 18 β Hans Ehard, German lawyer and politician (b. 1887)
October 21
Hans Asperger, Austrian pediatrician after whom Asperger syndrome was named (b. 1906)
Valko Chervenkov, Bulgarian politician, 34th Prime Minister of Bulgaria (b. 1900)
Edelmiro JuliΓ‘n Farrell, Argentine general, 28th President of Argentina (d. 1887)
October 23 β Mariano SuΓ‘rez, Ecuadorian politician, 27th President of Ecuador (b. 1897)
October 25
Virgil Fox, American organist (b. 1912)
VΓctor GalΓndez, Argentine boxer (race car accident) (b. 1948)
Sahir Ludhianvi, Urdu/Hindustani poet and Hindi film lyricist (b. 1921)
October 26 β Marcelo Caetano, Portuguese politician and scholar, 101st Prime Minister of Portugal (b. 1906)
October 27
Steve Peregrin Took, British rock musician (b. 1949)
John Hasbrouck Van Vleck, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1899)
October 29 β Giorgio BorΔ‘ Olivier, Maltese politician and statesman, 7th Prime Minister of Malta (b. 1911)
October 31 β Elizebeth Smith Friedman, American cryptographer (b. 1892)
November
November 4
Elsie MacGill, Canadian aeronautical engineer (b. 1904)
Johnny Owen, Welsh professional boxer (b. 1956)
November 7 β Steve McQueen, American actor (b. 1930)
November 9
Gloria Guinness, Mexican-born American fashion icon (b. 1912)
Carmel Myers, American actress (b. 1899)
Victor Sen Yung, American actor (b. 1915)
November 16
Boris Aronson, Russian set designer (b. 1898)
Imogen Hassall, English actress (b. 1942)
November 18 β Conn Smythe, Canadian NHL coach (b. 1895)
November 19 β E. J. Bowen, English chemist (b. 1898)
November 20
Avtandil Gogoberidze, Soviet football player (b. 1922)
John McEwen, Australian politician, 18th Prime Minister of Australia (b. 1900)
November 21 β Sara GarcΓa, Mexican actress (b. 1895)
November 22
Norah McGuinness, Northern Irish painter and illustrator (b. 1901)
Mae West, American actress (b. 1893)
November 24 β George Raft, American actor (b. 1901)
November 26 β Rachel Roberts, British actress (b. 1927)
November 27 β F. Burrall Hoffman, American architect (b. 1882)
November 29
Dorothy Day, American journalist, activist, Roman Catholic convert and Servant of God (b. 1897)
Babe London, American actress and comedian (b. 1901)
December
December 2
Jean Donovan, American Roman Catholic missionary (b. 1953)
Murder of the Three American Roman Catholic fellow missionaries by Salvadorian military:
Maura Clarke (b. 1931)
Ita Ford (b. 1940)
Dorothy Kazel (b. 1939)
Romain Gary, Lithuanian-born writer (b. 1914)
December 3 β Sir Oswald Mosley, British fascist leader (b. 1896)
December 4
Francisco de SΓ‘ Carneiro, Portuguese lawyer, 109th Prime Minister of Portugal (b. 1934)
StanisΕawa Walasiewicz, Polish-born runner (b. 1911)
December 7 β Darby Crash, American rock songwriter, singer (b. 1958)
December 8 β John Lennon, British singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1940)
December 9 β Patriarch Benedict I of Jerusalem (b. 1892)
December 11 β Dorothy West, American actress (b. 1891)
December 12
Bruno Bartolozzi, Italian composer (b. 1911)
Erich Jantsch, Austrian astrophysicist (b. 1929)
Severino Montano, Filipino actor, director and playwright (b. 1915)
December 14 β Elston Howard, American baseball player (b. 1929)
December 16
Colonel Sanders, American fast-food entrepreneur (b. 1890)
Hellmuth Walter, German engineer and inventor (b. 1900)
Peter Collinson, British film director (b. 1936)
December 17 β Chiang Kuei, Chinese novelist (b. 1908)
December 18
Frances Fuller, American actress (b. 1907)
Alexei Kosygin, Soviet politician, Premier of the Soviet Union (b. 1904)
Sir Albert Margai, 2nd Prime Minister of Sierra Leone (b. 1910)
December 19 β HΓ©ctor JosΓ© CΓ‘mpora, Argentine Peronist politician, 38th President of Argentina (b. 1909)
December 21 β Marc Connelly, American playwright (b. 1890)
December 23 β Frank Norman, English novelist, playwright and autobiographer (b. 1930)
December 24
Karl DΓΆnitz, German admiral and 4th President of Germany (b. 1891)
Heikki Liimatainen, Finnish Olympic athlete (b. 1894)
Siggie Nordstrom, American model, actress, entertainer, socialite and lead singer (b. 1893)
December 25 β Victoria Drummond, first woman marine engineer in Britain (b. 1894)
December 28
Alfredo Barrera VΓ‘squez, Mexican anthropologist (b. 1900)
Sam Levene, American actor (b. 1905)
December 29 β Tim Hardin, American musician (b. 1941)
December 30 β Giuseppe Carraro, Italian Roman Catholic bishop and venerable (b. 1899)
December 31
Marshall McLuhan, Canadian author and professor (b. 1911)
Raoul Walsh, American film director (b. 1887)
Date Unknown
Nureddine Rifai, 25th Prime Minister of Lebanon (b. 1899)
Movies released
Airplane!
The Blue Lagoon The Blues Brothers The Gods Must Be Crazy The Island Popeye Stir Crazy Star Wars Episode V: The Empire Strikes Back Used Cars 9 to 5 TV Series
Gumby Adventures β The first Gumby in 1980's. Gumby episode is "The Music Ball", "Shrink-a-Dink" and "Hatching Out" in November 1, 1980 first aired.
Hit Songs
"A Forest" β The Cure
"All Out of Love" β Air Supply
"Any Way You Want It" β Journey
"Another One Bites The Dust"-Queen
"Ashes To Ashes" β David Bowie
"Babe" β Styx
"Back Together Again" β Roberta Flack and Donny Hathaway
"Borrowed Time" β Styx
"Breaking the Law" β Judas Priest
"Cheap Wine" β Cold Chisel
"Fool in the Rain" β Led Zeppelin
"Freewill" β Rush
"Good Morning Girl" β Journey
"Hungry Heart" β Bruce Springsteen
"I Can't Tell You Why" β The Eagles
"I Hope I Never β Split Enz
"Living After Midnight" β Judas Priest
"London Calling" β The Clash
"Love The World Away" β Kenny Rogers
"Metal Gods" β Judas Priest
"On And On And On" β ABBA
"People β Mi-Sex
"Remember (Walking in the Sand)" β Aerosmith
"Sexy Eyes" β Dr. Hook
"Stay Awhile" β Journey
"Suddenly" β Olivia Newton-John and Cliff Richard
"Super Trouper" β ABBA
"The Winner Takes It All" β ABBA
"Too Late" β Journey
"Train in Vain" β The Clash
"Tulsa Time" β Eric Clapton
"Turn It On Again" β Genesis
"Why Me" β Styx
"You May Be Right" β Billy Joel
(Just Like) Starting Over β John Lennon
Another Brick In The Wall, Part II β Pink Floyd
Another One Bites The Dust- Queen
Call Me β Blondie
Coming Up β Paul McCartney & Wings
Crazy Little Thing Called Love β Queen
It's Still Rock And Roll To Me β Billy Joel
Lady β Kenny Rogers
Magic -Olivia Newton-John
Rock With You β Michael Jackson
Upside Down β Diana Ross
Woman In Love'' β Barbra Streisand |
8715 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1936 | 1936 |
Births
January 2 β Roger Miller, American singer (d. 1992)
January 28 β Alan Alda, American actor
March 9 β Mickey Gilley, American singer, Nightclub owner
March 26 - Giora Feidman, Israeli clarinetist
May 7 β Tony O'Reilly, Irish billionaire
May 16 - Edmond Classen, Dutch actor (d. 2014)
May 17 β Dennis Hopper, American actor (d. 2010)
June 2 β Sally Kellerman, American actress
July 10 - Lois Lilienstein, Canadian singer and musician (Sharon, Lois & Bram) (d. 2015)
December 22 β Wojciech Frykowski, Polish actor (d. 1969)
September 21 β Yury Luzhkov, Mayor of Moscow
October 10 β Gerhard Ertl, German physicist, Nobel prize winner (chemistry)
Deaths
January 16 - Albert Fish (executed by electrocution)
January 18 β Rudyard Kipling, British writer
March 9 β Sri Yukteswar Giri, Indian guru.
Events
January 15 β The first building to be completely covered in glass is completed in Toledo, Ohio, for the Owens-Illinois Glass Company.
January 16 β Serial killer Albert Fish executed in Sing Sing
January 20 β Death of George V of the United Kingdom. His son Edward VIII succeedes him as King of the United Kingdom, King of Ireland and Emperor of India.
January 24 β Albert Serraut's government begins in France.
January 31 β The Green Hornet radio show debuts.
February 4 β Radium E. becomes the first radioactive element to be made synthetically.
February 6 β The 1936 Winter Olympic Games opens in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany.
February 10-15 β Italian troops defeat Abyssinian army in Enderta
From February 14, 1936, to March 1, 1945, AG Weser launched a total of 162 U-boats.
February 19 β Manuel Aznar's government begins in Spain
February 26 β 1400 Japanese soldiers invade government offices in Tokyo. They demand arrest of general Kazushige Ugaki and that general Sadao Araki made head of the Kwantung Army and death of the Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal, the minister of Finance and Inspector General of Military Education
February 29 β Emperor Hirohito orders Japanese army to arrest 123 conspirators in Tokyo government offices β 19 of them are executed in July.
December 11 β King Edward VIII gives up his throne to marry the woman he loves.
Summer-The central and southern United States are hit by a major heat wave.
Movies released
After the Thin Man
Hit songs
"The Way You Look Tonight" β by Dorothy Fields and Jerome Kern, from the movie Swing Time, won the Academy Award for the best song.
Nobel Prizes
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine won by Henry Hallett Dale, and Otto Loewi. |
8717 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/March%205 | March 5 |
Events
Up to 1900
1046 β Naser Khosrow begins the seven-year Middle Eastern journey which he would later describe in his book Safarnameh.
1279 - The Livonian Order is defeated in the Battle of Aizkraukle by the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
1496 β England King Henry VII issued letters patern to John Cabot and his sons, authorizing them to discover of unknown lands.
1616 - Nicolaus Copernicus' book De revolutionibus orbium coelestium is banned by the Roman Catholic Church.
1689 β Daniel Finch, 2nd Earl of Nottingham is named Secretary of State for the Northern Department.
1766 β Antonio de Ulloa, the first Spanish governor of Louisiana, arrives in New Orleans.
1770 β Boston Massacre: Five Americans, including Crispus Attucks, are killed by British troops in an event that would help start the American Revolutionary War five years later.
1784 β Thomas Townshend, 1st Viscount Sydney is named President of the Board of Trade.
1793 β French troops are defeated by Austrian forces and LiΓ¨ge is recaptured.
1811 - Peninsular War: A French force under command of Marshal Victor is heavily defeated while trying to prevent an English-Spanish-Portuguese army from ending the Siege of Cadiz in the Battle of Barrosa.
1821 β James Monroe is inaugurated for a second term as President of the United States.
1824 β First Burmese War: The British officially declares war on Burma.
1836 β Samuel Colt makes the first production-model revolver (.34-caliber).
1842 β Over 500 Mexican troops led by Rafael Vasquez invade Texas, briefly occupy San Antonio and then head back to the Rio Grande.
1848 β Louis Antoine Garnier-Pages is named French minister of Finance.
1849 β Zachary Taylor is inaugurated as the 12th President of the United States.
1850 β The Britannia Bridge, a railway bridge, linking the Isle of Anglesey to mainland Wales across the Menai Strait, opens.
1860 β Parma, Tuscany, Modena and Romagna vote in referenda to join Kingdom of Sardinia.
1861 β The "Stars and Bars" is adopted as the flag of the Confederate States of America.
1861 β Montgomery Blair is named 23rd Postmaster General of the United States by Abraham Lincoln
1868 β A court of impeachment is organized in the United States Senate to hear charges against President Andrew Johnson.
1868 β Mefistofele, an opera by Arrigo Boito premieres at La Scala.
1872 β George Westinghouse patents the air brake.
1877 β Rutherford B. Hayes is publicly inaugurated as the 19th President of the United States (he was privately inaugurated on March 3).
1878 - Manchester United Football Club is founded under the name of Newton Heath LYR FC.
1888 β Samuel Teleki and Ludwig von Hoehnal reach Lake Rudolf, present-day Lake Turkana in the Great Rift Valley. It lies in what is now Kenya.
1894 β Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery becomes First Lord of the Treasury.
1901 - 1950
1904 β Nikola Tesla, in Electrical World and Engineer, describes the process of ball lightning formation.
1905 β Russian troops begin to retreat from Mukden, Manchuria after losing 100,000 troops in three days.
1907 β The second Duma opens in St. Petersburg, Russia and 40,000 demonstrators have to be dispersed by Russian troops.
1912 β Italian forces are the first to use airships for military purposes, using them for reconnaissance behind Turkish lines.
1915 β World War I: LZ 33, a zeppelin, is damaged by enemy fire and stranded south of Ostend.
1916 β Spanish football club Real Club Deportivo Mallorca founded.
1916 - Off Santos, Brazil, Spanish luxury liner Principe de Asturias hits a rock and sinks within five minutes, killing 445 people.
1917 β Woodrow Wilson is inaugurated for a second term as President of the United States.
1918 β Bolshevist Russia moves the national capital from Petrograd to Moscow.
1919 - The main railway station in Helsinki opens.
1924 β Shefqet Verlaci becomes Prime Minister of Albania.
1929 β LanChile airline begins operations.
1931 β Daniel Salamanca Urey is named President of Bolivia.
1933 β Great Depression: President Franklin D. Roosevelt declares a "bank holiday", closing all United States banks and freezing all financial transactions.
1933 β In Germany, the Nazis win 44 percent of the vote in parliamentary elections.
1936 β First flight of fighter airplane Spitfire Type 300.
1940 β Members of Soviet politbiuro sign an order for the execution of 25,700 Polish intelligentsia, including 22000 Polish POW, known also as Katyn massacre.
1943 β First flight of Gloster Meteor jet aircraft in Britain.
1946 β Winston Churchill uses the phrase "Iron Curtain" in his speech at Westminster College in Fulton, Missouri.
1946 - The Hungarian Communists and Social Democrats co-found the left bloc.
1948 β US rocket flies a record 4800Β km/h to 126Β km height.
1949 β The Jharkhand Party is founded in India.
1951 - 2000
1953 β Both Josef Stalin and Sergei Prokofiev die in Soviet Union.
1955 β President of Lithuania, Antanas Merkys dies, after having been imprisoned and deported to the Soviet Union.
1956 β Ernie Terrell becomes the WBA world heavyweight champion, beating Eddie Machen.
1956 β "King Kong" first televised.
1958 β Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region is established.
1958 β Explorer 2 spacecraft launches, fails to reach Earth orbit.
1960 - Alberto Korda takes the famous "Guerrillero Heroico" photograph of Che Guevara.
1960 β Elvis Presley is discharged from a 2-year hitch in the United States Army.
1963 β Country singer Patsy Cline dies in a plane crash.
1964 β Atlanta Mayor Ivan Allen Jr announces a baseball team is moving there.
1964 β Ceylon declares emergency crisis due to unrest.
1965 β First performance of Walter Piston's Eighth Symphony.
1966 β A BOAC Boeing 707 jet crashes on Mount Fuji, Japan killing 124
1966 β In Luxembourg, Udo JΓΌrgens wins the eleventh Eurovision Song Contest for Austria.
1966 β Bob Seagren vaults 5.19m, an indoor world record.
1968 β US launches Solar Explorer B, aka Explorer 37 from Wallops Island to study the Sun.
1970 β A nuclear non-proliferation treaty goes into effect after ratification by 43 nations.
1970 β Dubnium atoms first detected conclusively.
1971 β First live performance of Led Zeppelin's "Stairway to Heaven."
1973 β Two Spanish aircraft collide in mid-air over France, killing 68 people.
1973 β Donald DeFreeze, future Symbionese Liberation Army leader, escapes from Vacaville Prison.
1974 β Yom Kippur War: Israeli forces withdrew from the west bank of the Suez Canal.
1974 β "Candide", by Leonard Bernstein, opens at Broadway Theatre in NYC for 740 performances.
1976 β British pound falls below $2 US for the first time.
1978 β Landsat 3 is launched from Vandenberg AFB in California.
1979 β Detection equipment picks up a gamma ray burst originating from the Large Magellanic Cloud, leading to the discovery of soft gamma repeaters.
1979 β Voyager 1's closest approach to Jupiter, 172000 miles.
1980 β Earth satellites record gamma rays from remnants of supernova N-49.
1981 β Cannibal Alferd Packer pardoned posthumously.
1982 β SNL star John Belushi dies of a drug overdose in his hotel room.
1982 β Venera 14, a Soviet satellite arrives at the planet Venus.
1983 β Bob Hawke becomes Australian prime minister after defeating Malcolm Fraser in Australian elections.
1983 - In the oldest regular match in international rugby union, Scotland achieves its most recent away win over England to-date, winning 22-12 at Twickenham Stadium in London.
1984 - 6,000 miners in the United Kingdom begin their strike at Cortonwood Colliery.
1985 β The body of undercover DEA agent Enrique Camarena is found.
1988 β Constitution of Turks and Caicos Islands restored and revised.
1991 β Iraq releases all Gulf War prisoners
1993 β Canadian sprinter Ben Johnson is banned from international competition for life after testing positive for banned substances for the second time.
1998 β NASA announces that the Clementine probe orbiting the Moon has found enough water to support a human colony.
1998 β NASA announces the choice of United States Air Force Lt. Col. Eileen Collins as the first woman commander of a space shuttle mission.
1999 β Paul Okalik is elected first Premier of Nunavut.
From 2001
2001 β In Mecca, 35 Muslim pilgrims are crushed to death during the annual Hajj pilgrimage.
2001 β In Santee, California, a school massacre occurs at Santana High School, leaving 2 dead and 15 wounded.
2002 β MTV begins airing The Osbournes.
2003 β University of Manchester and UMIST announce agreement to merge operations.
2003 β Natalie Maines of the Dixie Chicks provokes controversy in the U.S. by stating that the band was "ashamed the President of the United States is from Texas."
2003 β Nature withdraws several papers as a result of the Jan Hendrik SchΓΆn scandal.
2006 - The BBC's major nature documentary series "Planet Earth" is broadcast for the first time.
2013 - President of Venezuela Hugo ChΓ‘vez dies, after a Presidency of over 14 years, of complications from cancer.
Births
Up to 1800
1133 β King Henry II of England (d. 1189)
1324 β King David II of Scotland (d. 1371)
1326 β King Louis I of Hungary (d. 1382)
1512 β Gerardus Mercator, Flemish map maker (d. 1594)
1563 - John Coke, English politician (d. 1644)
1575 - William Oughtred, English mathematician (d. 1660)
1585 - John George I, Elector of Saxony (d. 1656)
1658 - Antoine Laumet de la Mothe, sieur de Cadillac, French explorer (d. 1730)
1685 - George Frideric Handel, German composer (d. 1759)
1693 - Johann Jakob Wettstein, Swiss theologian (d. 1754)
1696 - Giovanni Battista Tiepolo, Italian painter (d. 1770)
1703 - Vasily Kirillovich Trediakovsky, Russian poet (d. 1768)
1713 β Edward Cornwallis, English military officer (d. 1776)
1713 β Frederick Cornwallis, Archbishop of Canterbury (d. 1783)
1723 β Princess Mary of Great Britain (d. 1773)
1739 - Benjamin Ruggles Woodbridge, American physician and statesman (d. 1819)
1756 - Nathaniel Alexander, 13th Governor of North Carolina (d. 1808)
1794 - Jacques Babinet, French physicist (d. 1872)
1801 1900
1815 - John Wentworth, American politician (d. 1888)
1832 - Isaac Israel Hayes, American physician and polar explorer (d. 1881)
1836 - Charles Goodnight, American cattle rancher (d. 1929)
1853 - Howard Pyle, American writer and illustrator (d. 1911)
1855 - Archduchess Sophie of Austria (d. 1857)
1858 - JosΓ© Relvas, Prime Minister of Portugal (d. 1929)
1862 β Siegbert Tarrasch, German chess player (d. 1934)
1867 β Louis-Alexandre Taschereau, Premier of Quebec (d. 1952)
1869 - Michael von Faulhaber, German cardinal (d. 1952)
1870 β Frank Norris, American writer (d. 1902)
1871 β Rosa Luxemburg, German Socialist revolutionary (d. 1919)
1873 β Olav Bjaaland, Norwegian explorer and cross-country skier (d. 1961)
1874 β Henry Travers, British actor (d. 1965)
1879 β William Henry Beveridge, British economist (d. 1963)
1882 - Arthur Hussey, American golfer (d. 1915)
1886 - Dong Biwu, Chinese politician (d. 1975)
1887 β Heitor Villa-Lobos, Brazilian composer (d. 1959)
1888 - Jeff Tesreau, American baseball player (d. 1946)
1890 - Wilhelm Boden, German politician (d. 1961)
1893 - Konstantin Muraviev, Prime Minister of Bulgaria (d. 1973)
1897 - Set Persson, Swedish Communist politician (d. 1960)
1898 - Misao Okawa, Japanese supercentenarian, oldest-living person (d. 2015)
1898 β Soong May-ling, First Lady of the Republic of China (d. 2003)
1898 β Zhou Enlai, Chinese Communist politician (d. 1976)
1900 - Anna Henderson, American supercentenarian (d. 2014)
1901 - 1950
1901 - Louis Kahn, Estonian-American architect (d. 1974)
1904 - Karl Rahner, German theologian (d. 1984)
1908 β Rex Harrison, British actor (d. 1990)
1908 - Irving Fiske, American writer and playwright (d. 1990)
1910 β Momofuko Ando, Taiwanese businessman (d. 2007)
1910 - Ennio Flaiano, Italian writer, journalist and screenwriter (d. 1972)
1912 - Jack Marshall, 28th Prime Minister of New Zealand (d. 1988)
1914 - Philip Farkas, American horn player and teacher (d. 1992)
1915 - Henry Hicks, Canadian politician, 16th Premier of Nova Scotia (d. 1990)
1915 - Laurent Schwartz, French mathematician (d. 2002)
1918 - Milt Schmidt, Canadian ice hockey player, coach and manager
1918 β James Tobin, American economist, Nobel laureate (d. 2002)
1920 - JosΓ© Aboulker, Algerian surgeon and activist (d. 2009)
1922 β Pier Paolo Pasolini, Italian director (d. 1975)
1923 - Andrea Aureli, Italian actor
1924 - Jacques Vergès, French lawyer (d. 2013)
1927 β Jack Cassidy, American actor (d. 1976)
1929 - Erik Carlsson, Swedish rally driver (d. 2015)
1929 - J. B. Lenoir, American blues guitarist and singer-songwriter (d. 1967)
1930 - John Ashley, NHL referee (d. 2008)
1930 - Del Crandall, American baseball player
1931 - Jerrie Cobb, American aviator (d. 2019)
1933 - Don L. Anderson, American geophysicist (d. 2014)
1933 - Walter Kasper, German cardinal
1933 - Evgeni Vasiukov, Russian chess player (d. 2018)
1933 β Tommy Tucker, American blues singer and guitarist (d. 1982)
1934 β Daniel Kahneman, Israeli economist
1934 - James B. Sikking, American actor
1935 - Philip K. Chapman, Australian astronaut and scientist
1936 β Canaan Banana, 1st President of Zimbabwe (d. 2003)
1937 β Olusegun Obasanjo, two-time former President of Nigeria
1938 β Lynn Margulis, American evolutionary biologist (d. 2011)
1938 - Fred Williamson, American football player, actor, director, producer and screenwriter
1940 β Josef Piontek, German footballer
1940 - John W. Carlin, 40th Governor of Kansas
1942 β Felipe Gonzalez, former Prime Minister of Spain
1942 - Mike Resnick, American science fiction writer
1943 - Lucio Battisti, Italian singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1998)
1943 - Christian FΓΌhrer, German pastor and activist (d. 2014)
1944 - Roy Gutman, American journalist
1946 - Murray Head, British actor and singer
1947 - John Kitzhaber, former Governor of Oregon
1948 β Elaine Paige, English singer and actress
1948 - Eddy Grant, Guyanese-British musician
1948 β Jan van Beveren, Dutch footballer (d. 2011)
1948 - Paquirri, Spanish bullfighter (d. 1984)
1949 β Franz Josef Jung, German politician
1951 1975
1952 β Alan Clark, British musician (Dire Straits)
1952 - Fernando de Piedade Dios dos Santos, former Prime Minister of Angola
1953 β Michael Sandel, American political philosopher
1954 - Steve Prestwich, English-Australian musician and songwriter (d. 2011)
1955 - Penn Jillette, American illusionist, comedian, musician and writer
1956 - Marco Paolini, Italian stage actor and writer
1956 β Teena Marie, American singer-songwriter (d. 2010)
1957 - Mark E. Smith, English musician (d. 2018)
1958 β Andy Gibb, English-born Australian singer and teen idol (d. 1988)
1959 β Vazgen Sargsyan, Prime Minister of Armenia (d. 1999)
1959 - David Fury, American television and producer
1962 β The Proclaimers, Scottish singers and musicians
1963 - Lotta Engberg, Swedish singer
1963 - Joel Osteen, American televangelist
1964 - Bertrand Cantat, French singer-songwriter
1966 - Oh Eun-Sun, South Korean mountaineer
1968 β Gordon Bajnai, former Prime Minister of Hungary
1968 β Theresa Villiers, British politician
1970 β John Frusciante, American musician (Red Hot Chili Peppers)
1970 - Lisa Robin Kelly, American actress (d. 2013)
1972 - Brian Grant, American basketball player
1972 - Luca Turilli, Italian guitarist and songwriter
1973 - Yannis Anastasiou, Greek footballer
1974 β Kevin Connolly, American actor and comedian
1974 β Matt Lucas, British actor and comedian
1974 β Jens Jeremies, German footballer
1974 β Eva Mendes, American actress
1975 β Nelly Arcan, Canadian writer (d. 2009)
From 1976
1976 β Sarunas Jasikevicius, Lithuanian basketball player
1977 - Wally Szczerbiak, American basketball player
1978 - Kimberly McCullough, American actress
1978 - Carlos Ochoa, Mexican footballer
1981 β Andreas Wiig, Norwegian snowboarder
1982 β Dan Carter, New Zealand rugby union player
1982 - Nikki Walker, Scottish rugby union player
1982 - Giorgia Palmas, Italian television personality and model
1984 - Aarthi Agarwal, Indian actress (d. 2015)
1985 - Kenichi Matsuyama, Japanese actor
1985 β David Marshall, Scottish footballer
1985 - Brad Mills, American baseball player
1986 - Ellen Whitaker, British equestrian showjumper
1987 β Anna Chakvetadze, Russian tennis player
1987 β Ishmael Miller, English footballer
1988 - Bjarni Vidarsson, Icelandic footballer
1989 - Kensuke Nagai, Japanese footballer
1989 - Sterling Knight, American actor and singer
1989 β Jake Lloyd, American actor
1990 - Danny Drinkwater, English footballer
1991 - Michael HaybΓΆck, Austrian ski jumper
1993 - Harry Maguire, English footballer
1994 - Daria Gavrilova, Russian tennis player
1999 - Madison Beer, American singer
Deaths
Up to 1900
254 - Pope Lucius I (b. 200)
1534 - Antonio da Correggio, Italian painter (b. 1489)
1539 - Nuno da Cunha, Portuguese admiral and politician (b. 1487)
1592 - Michael Coxcie, Flemish painter (b. 1499)
1611 - Shimazu Yoshihisa, Japanese warlord and samurai (b. 1533)
1622 - Ranuccio I Farnese, Duke of Parma (b. 1569)
1695 - Henry Wharton, English writer (b. 1664)
1770 β Crispus Attucks, American revolutionary figure
1776 β Yeongjo of Joseon of Korea (b. 1694)
1778 β Thomas Arne, English composer (b. 1710)
1815 β Franz Mesmer, German physician and astrologer (b. 1734)
1827 β Pierre-Simon Laplace, French mathematician (b. 1749)
1827 β Alessandro Volta, Italian physicist and inventor (b. 1745)
1895 β Nikolai Leskov, Russian writer (b. 1831)
1901 2000
1925 β Jonas Jensen, Danish mathematician (b. 1859)
1926 - Clement Ader, French engineer (b. 1841)
1929 β David Dunbar Buick, Scottish-born American engineer, inventor and industrialist (b. 1854)
1940 - Cai Yuanpei, Chinese educator (b. 1868)
1944 β Max Jacob, French poet and writer (b. 1876)
1947 - Alfredo Casella, Italian composer (b. 1883)
1950 - Edgar Lee Masters, American poet, biographer and dramatist (b. 1868)
1953 - Herman J. Mankiewicz, American screenwriter (b. 1897)
1953 β Sergei Prokofiev, Russian composer (b. 1891)
1953 β Joseph Stalin, Georgian leader of the Soviet Union (b. 1879) is assassinated with rat poison
1955 β Antanas Merkys, Lithuanian politician (b. 1888)
1963 β Patsy Cline, American singer (b. 1932)
1963 - Cowboy Copas, American singer (b. 1913)
1963 - Hawkshaw Hawkins, American singer (b. 1921)
1965 - Chen Cheng, Chinese politician (b. 1897)
1965 - Pepper Martin, American baseball player (b. 1904)
1966 β Anna Akhmatova, Russian poet (b. 1889)
1967 β Mohammed Mossadegh, Iranian Prime Minister (b. 1882)
1967 - Georges Vanier, 19th Governor General of Canada (b. 1888)
1974 - Sol Hurok, American impresario (b. 1888)
1976 - Otto Tief, Prime Minister of Estonia (b. 1889)
1977 β Tom Pryce, Welsh racing driver (b. 1949)
1980 β Winifred Wagner, German opera producer (b. 1897)
1980 - Jay Silverheels, Canadian actor (b. 1912)
1982 β John Belushi, American actor (b. 1949)
1984 - Pierre Cochereau, French organist and composer (b. 1924)
1984 - Tito Cobbi, Italian baritone (b. 1915)
1990 β Edmund Conen, German footballer (b. 1914)
1990 β Gary Merrill, American actor (b. 1915)
1995 β Vivian Stanshall, British musician (b. 1943)
1999 β Richard Kiley, American actor (b. 1922)
2000 β Lolo Ferrari, French dancer, singer and pornographic actress (b. 1963)
From 2001
2004 - Masanori Tokita, Japanese footballer (b. 1925)
2006 - Milan Babic, Serbian politician (b. 1956)
2008 β Joseph Weizenbaum, German-American computer science professor (b. 1923)
2010 β Philip Langridge, English operatic tenor (b. 1939)
2011 β Alberto Granado, Argentine biochemist, writer and travel companion of Che Guevara (b. 1922)
2012 - Robert B. Sherman, American songwriter (b. 1925)
2013 - Hugo ChΓ‘vez, President of Venezuela (b. 1954)
2013 - Paul Bearer, American professional wrestler and manager (b. 1954)
2013 - Dieter Pfaff, German actor (b. 1947)
2014 - Leopoldo Maria Panero, Spanish poet (b. 1948)
2014 - Geoff Edwards, American actor and presenter (b. 1931)
2015 - Edward Egan, American cardinal (b. 1932)
2015 - Jim McCann, Irish musician (b. 1944)
2015 - Vlada Divljan, Serbian musician (b. 1958)
2016 - Hassan al-Turabi, Sudanese religious and political leader (b. 1932)
2016 - Ray Tomlinson, American computer programmer (b. 1941)
2016 - Al Wistert, American football player (b. 1920)
2016 - Nikolaus Harnoncourt, Austrian cellist (b. 1929)
2016 - James Douglas, American actor (b. 1929)
2017 - Anthony C. Beilenson, American politician (b. 1932)
2017 - Douglas Henry, American politician (b. 1926)
2017 - Florence S. Jacobsen, American Mormon leader and missionary (b. 1913)
2017 - Jay Lynch, American cartoonist (b. 1945)
2018 - Trevor Baylis, British inventor (b. 1937)
2018 - John Hall Buchanan Jr., American politician (b. 1928)
2018 - Tomas Aguon Camacho, Northern Marianas Roman Catholic prelate (b. 1933)
2018 - Kjerstin Dellert, Swedish opera singer (b. 1925)
2018 - AndrΓ© S. Labarthe, French actor and film director (b. 1931)
2018 - Uri Lubrani, Israeli diplomat and military official (b. 1926)
2018 - Jam Saqi, Pakistani politician (b. 1944)
2018 - Helmut Maucher, German businessman (b. 1927)
2018 - Stephan Tanneberger, German oncologist and chemist (b. 1935)
2018 - Hayden White, American historian (b. 1928)
2019 - Chu Shijian, Chinese businessman (b. 1928)
2019 - Jacques Loussier, French businessman (b. 1934)
Observances
Custom Chief's Day (Vanuatu)
Lei Feng Day (China)
National Tree Planting Day (Iran)
St. Piran's Day (Cornwall)
March 05 |
8718 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1963 | 1963 | 1963 (MCMLXIII) was .
Events
January 5 β The Beach Boys record one of their trademark songs, "Surfin' USA"
February 11 β The Beatles record 10 songs for the album "Please Please Me"
June 1 β Jomo Kenyatta becomes the first Prime Minister of Kenya
September 15 β "Birmingham Sunday" when a bomb killed 4 black girls in a church in Birmingham, Alabama
September β The X-Men make their debut
November 22 β John F. Kennedy assassinated, Lyndon Johnson sworn in as President
November 23 β Doctor Who airs for the first time in the United Kingdom
December 12 - Kenya is officially independent from the United Kingdom
December 31 β The Central African Federation breaks apart. It eventually became Zambia, Malawi and Rhodesia
The cassette tape was invented
Births
January 2 - Edgar MartΓnez, American baseball player
March 9 - Jean-Marc VallΓ©e, Canadian director (d. 2021)
March 21 β Shawn Lane, American musician
May 8 β Helena Blagne Zaman, Slovene singer
May 8 - Anthony Field, Australian musician (The Wiggles)
May 9 β Barry Douglas Lamb, rock musician, writer, Christian preacher
May 11 β Natasha Richardson, actress
May 12 β Vanessa A. Williams, actress
May 24 β Joe Dumars, basketball star
May 25 β Mike Myers, actor, comedian
June 6 β Jason Isaacs, actor
June 9 β Johnny Depp, actor
June 13 β Bettina Bunge, tennis player.
June 17 β Greg Kinnear, TV host and actor
June 18 β Bruce Smith, American football player
June 23 β Colin Montgomerie, golfer.
June 25 β George Michael, singer
June 27 β Meera Syal, comedian, writer, playwright, singer, journalist and actress
July 9 β Johnny Depp, American actor
July 16 β Phoebe Cates, actress
July 17 - Regina Belle, American singer
July 24 β Karl Malone, basketball
July 30 β Lisa Kudrow, American actress
August 3 β James Hetfield, Metallica frontman and co-founder
August 6 β Kevin Mitnick, computer cracker
August 19 β Joey Tempest, Europe frontman
August 19 β John Stamos, actor
August 23 β Kenny Wallace, NASCAR race car driver
August 24 β Hideo Kojima, video game director
August 30 β Paul Oakenfold, DJ
September 7 β Eazy-E, American rapper
September 10 β Randy Johnson, baseball pitcher, five-time Cy Young Award winner
September 21 β Cecil Fielder, baseball player
September 29 β Dave Andreychuk, NHL player
October 1 β Mark McGwire, baseball star
October 4 β Mark Powley, English actor
October 10 β Daniel Pearl, journalist (d. 2002)
October 22 β Brian Boitano, figure skater
October 26 β Natalie Merchant, singer/songwriter/musician
October 31 β Fred McGriff, baseball player
November 13 β Vinny Testaverde, American football quarterback
November 18 β Dante Bichette, baseball player
November 19 β Terry Farrell, actress
November 21 β Nicolette Sheridan, actress
November 24 β Iris Erlingsdottir, OMD, writer, journalist
December 2 β John Kennedy Morrisey, entertainer/athlete/storyteller
December 13 β Ilkka Remes, writer
December 16 β Benjamin Bratt, actor
December 18 β Brad Pitt, actor
December 23 β Jim Harbaugh, American football player
Deaths
January 2 β Dick Powell, American actor (b. 1904)
January 2 β Jack Carson, American actor (b. 1910)
January 5 β Rogers Hornsby, Baseball Hall of Famer (b. 1896)
January 18 β Edward Charles Titchmarsh, British mathematician (b. 1899)
January 29 β Robert Frost, American poet (b. 1874)
January 30 β Francis Poulenc, French composer (b. 1899)
February 11 β Sylvia Plath, American poet and novelist (suicide) (b. 1932)
February 28 β Eppa Rixey, Baseball Hall of Famer (b. 1891)
March 4 β William Carlos Williams, American writer (b. 1883)
March 5 β Patsy Cline, singer (Cowboy Copas) (b. 1932)
April 6 β Otto Struve, astronomer (b. 1897)
April 9 β Eddie Edwards, jazz musician (b. 1891)
May 12 β Bobby Kerr, Canadian runner (b. 1882)
May 31 β Edith Hamilton, educator and writer (b. 1867)
June 3 β Pope John XXIII (b. 1881)
June 11 β ThΓch QuαΊ£ng Δα»©c, Vietnamese Bhuddist monk (suicide)(b. 1897)
June 18 β Pedro Armendariz, Mexican actor (suicide)(b. 1912)
August 5 β Theodore Roethke, American poet (b. 1908)
August 23 β Glen Gray, saxophonist and conductor (b. 1906)
August 31 β Georges Braque, French painter (b. 1882)
September 11 β Suzanne Duchamp, French painter (b. 1889)
October 11
Γdith Piaf, French singer (b. 1915)
Jean Cocteau, French writer (b. 1889)
November 1 β Ngo Dinh Diem, President of South Vietnam (b. 1901)
November 15 β Fritz Reiner, Hungarian conductor (b. 1888)
November 22
John F. Kennedy, 35th President of the United States (b. 1917)
J. D. Tippit, Police officer (b. 1924)
Aldous Huxley, English novelist (b. 1894)
C. S. Lewis, English novelist and Christian apologist (b. 1898)
November 24 β Lee Harvey Oswald, John F. Kennedy alleged assassin (shot) (b. 1939)
November β Luis Cernuda, Spanish writer (b. 1902)
December 1 β Amy Elizabeth Thorpe, American spy in World War II
December 2 β Thomas Hicks, American marathon runner (b. 1875)
December 5 β Sri Deep Narayan Mahaprabhuji, Hindu saint (b. 1828)
December 5 β Karl Amadeus Hartmann, German composer (b. 1905)
December 28 β Paul Hindemith, German composer (b. 1895)
Nobel Prizes
Nobel Prize in Physics β Eugene Paul Wigner, Maria Goeppert-Mayer, J. Hans D. Jensen
Chemistry β Karl Ziegler, Giulio Natta
Medicine β Sir John Carew Eccles, Alan Lloyd Hodgkin, Andrew Fielding Huxley
Literature β Giorgos Seferis
Peace β International Committee of the Red Cross, League of Red Cross Societies
Movies released
8Β½, an Italian movie directed by Federico Fellini
An Actor's Revenge
La Baie des anges
The Birds, directed by Alfred Hitchcock
Blood Feast
Bye Bye Birdie, a musical comedy
Charade
Cleopatra, starring Elizabeth Taylor, Rex Harrison, and Richard Burton
From Russia With Love, the second James Bond movie
Fun in Acapulco
The Great Escape
How the West Was Won
Hud, winning Academy Award for Best Actress for Patricia Neal and Best Supporting Actor for Melvyn Douglas
Irma La Douce
It Happened at the World's Fair
It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World
Lawrence of Arabia starring Peter O'Toole
The Longest Day
The Mask
MΓ©pris, Le
The Nutty Professor
Son of Flubber
The Sword in the Stone, an animated movie by Walt Disney Productions
Tom Jones, winning both Academy Award for Best Picture and Academy Award for Best Director
The V.I.P.s, winning Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for Margaret Rutherford
Zuo ye meng hun zhong
Hit songs
"Dominique" β The Singing Nun
"Please Please Me" β The Beatles
"She Loves You" β The Beatles
"Love Me Do" β The Beatles
"I Want To Hold Your Hand" β The Beatles
"From Me To You" β The Beatles
"In Dreams" β Roy Orbison
"Blue Bayou" β Roy Orbison
"Mean Woman Blues" β Roy Orbison
"Pretty Paper" β Roy Orbison
"Hey Paula" β Paul & Paula
"He's So Fine" β The Chiffons
"Bo Diddley" β Buddy Holly
"Brown Eyed Handsome Man" β Buddy Holly
"Surf City" β Jan & Dean
"It's My Party" β Lesley Gore
"Twenty Four Hours From Tulsa" β Gene Pitney
"Be My Baby" β The Ronettes
"Wipe Out" β The Surfaris
"If I Had A Hammer" β Trini Lopez
"Da Doo Ron Ron" β The Crystals
"Pipeline" β The Chantays
"Walk Like A Man" β Frankie Valli & The Four Seasons
"Heat Wave" β Martha & the Vandellas
"Up On The Roof" β The Drifters
"I Can't Stay Mad At You" β Skeeter Davis
"Only In America" β Jay & the Americans
"Who Stole The Keeshka?" β Matys Brothers
"Wonderful Summer" β Robin Ward
"I Only Want to Be With You" β Dusty Springfield
"The Folk Singer" β Tommy Roe
"Guilty" β Jim Reeves
"Is This Me" β Jim Reeves
New books
The Bell Jar β Sylvia Plath
Benefactor β Susan Sontag
Caravans β James A. Michener
Cat's Cradle β Kurt Vonnegut
City of Night β John Rechy
The Collector β John Fowles
Elizabeth Appleton β John O'Hara
False Colours β Georgette Heyer
John Cleland's Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure β John Cleland
The Glass-Blowers β Daphne du Maurier
Gradmother and the Priests β Taylor Caldwell
The Group β Mary McCarthy
Happiness Is a Warm Puppy β Charles M. Schulz
The Making of the English Working Class β E. P. Thompson
On Her Majesty's Secret Service β Ian Fleming
Planet of the Apes (La PlanΓ¨te des Singes) β Pierre Boulle
The Rise of the West β William H. McNeill
The Sand Pebbles β Richard McKenna
Second Skin β John Hawkes
The Shoes of the Fisherman β Morris West
Six Easy Pieces β Richard P. Feynman
The Spy who Came in from the Cold β John le CarrΓ©
That Summer in Paris β Morley Callaghan |
8719 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/April%2017 | April 17 |
Events
Up to 1900
1080 - King Harald III of Denmark dies and is succeeded by King Canute IV of Denmark, who later became the first Dane to be canonized.
1397 β Geoffrey Chaucer tells the Canterbury Tales for the first time at the court of Richard II.
1492 β Spain and Christopher Columbus sign a contract for him to sail to Asia to get spices.
1521 β Martin Luther speaks to the assembly at the Diet of Worms, refusing to recant his teachings.
1524 β Giovanni da Verrazano reaches New York harbor.
1555 - After 18 months of siege, Siena surrenders to the Florentine Imperial Army.
1694 β Pope Patricus I is assassinated outside St Peter's Basilica.
1797 - Sir Ralph Abercromby attacks San Juan, Puerto Rico, in what would become one of the largest invasions of the Spanish territories in the Americas.
1797 - Citizens of Verona, Italy begin an eight-day rebellion against the French occupying forces which will end unsuccessfully.
1861 β American Civil War: Virginia secedes from the Union.
1864 β American Civil War: Battle of Plymouth begins β Confederate forces attack Plymouth, North Carolina.
1865 β Mary Surratt is arrested as a conspirator in the assassination of Abraham Lincoln.
1882 β Copies of Pat Garrett's biography of Billy the Kid, An Authentic Life of Billy the Kid, arrive at the Library of Congress.
1895 β The Treaty of Maguan (also known as the "Treaty of Shimonoseki") between China and Japan is signed. This marks the end of the First Sino-Japanese War, and the defeated Qing Empire is forced to renounce its claims on Korea and to concede the southern portion of the Fengtien province, Taiwan and the Pescadores Islands to Japan.
1901 2000
1907 - The Ellis Island immigration center processes 11,747 people, more than any other day.
1912 - Russian troops shoot striking goldfield workers in Northeastern Siberia, killing at least 50.
1924 β Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer studios is formed from a merger of Metro Pictures, Goldwyn Pictures, and the Louis B. Mayer Company.
1937 β Daffy Duck first appears in Warner Bros' short Porky's Duck Hunt.
1941 β World War II: The Kingdom of Yugoslavia surrenders to Germany.
1942 β POW French General Henri Giraud escapes from his castle prison in Festung KΓΆnigstein.
1945 β In Strassfurt, Germany, U.S. Lieutenant Colonel Boris T. Pash seizes half a ton of uranium, in an attempt to foil Soviet Union plans to build an atomic bomb.
1946 β Syria gains full independence from France.
1951 - The Peak District becomes the United Kingdom's first national park.
1958 - Brussels holds its first International Exposition since World War II. The Atomium, built for the exposition, becomes a symbol of the city.
1961 β Bay of Pigs Invasion: A group of CIA-financed and -trained Cuban refugees lands at the Bay of Pigs in Cuba with the aim of ousting Fidel Castro.
1964 β The Ford Motor Company unveils the Ford Mustang at the New York World's Fair.
1964 β Jerrie Mock becomes the first woman to circumnavigate the world by air.
1969 - British passenger steamer "Sir Harvey Adamson" disappears without a trace after leaving Rangoon, Burma, with 269 people on board.
1969 β Sirhan Sirhan is convicted of assassinating Robert F. Kennedy.
1969 β Czechoslovak Communist Party chairman Alexander DubΔek is deposed.
1970 β Apollo program: The ill-fated Apollo 13 spacecraft returns to Earth safely.
1971 - The People's Republic of Bangladesh forms, under Sheikh Mujibur Rahman.
1975 β Cambodian Civil War ends: The Khmer Rouge captures the capital Phnom Penh and Cambodian government forces surrender.
1982 β Patriation of the Canadian constitution in Ottawa by Proclamation of Queen Elizabeth II, Queen of Canada.
1984 β Police Constable Yvonne Fletcher is killed by automatic gunfire coming from the Libyan People's Bureau in central London. She had been policing a small demonstration outside the embassy. Ten other people are wounded. The events lead to an 11-day siege of the building.
1991 β The Dow Jones Industrial Average closes above 3,000 for the first time ever (3,004.46).
From 2001
2002 β Four Canadian Forces soldiers are killed in Afghanistan by friendly fire from two U.S. Air Force F-16s, the first deaths in a combat zone for Canada since the Korean War.
2004 β JosΓ© Luis RodrΓguez Zapatero becomes Prime Minister of Spain.
2013 - The Parliament of New Zealand votes by a majority to legalize same-sex marriage in the country, making it the first country in the Asia-Pacific region to do so.
2013 - The funeral of Margaret Thatcher takes place in London. See Death and funeral of Margaret Thatcher.
2013 - West Fertilizer Plant explosion: An explosion at a fertilizer plant in West, Texas kills 15 people and injures over 160.
2014 - NASA's Kepler telescope confirms the discovery of the planet Kepler-186f in the habitable zone of another solar system.
2019 - Indonesia holds presidential and parliamentary elections.
2019 - Former President of Peru Alan GarcΓa commits suicide by gunshot while police prepare to arrest him over corruption allegations.
2019 - A bus carrying German tourists crashes in Madeira, Portugal, killing 29 people.
Births
Up to 1900
1278 β Michael IX Palaiologus, co-ruling Eastern Roman Emperor (d. 1320)
1573 β Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria (d. 1651)
1586 β John Ford, English dramatist (d. 1639)
1598 β Giovanni Riccioli, Italian astronomer (d. 1671)
1620 - Marguerite Bourgeoys, French saint (d. 1700)
1622 β Henry Vaughan, Welsh poet (d. 1695)
1676 - King Frederick I of Sweden (d. 1751)
1699 - Robert Blair, Scottish poet (d. 1746)
1734 β Taksin, King of Siam (d. 1782)
1741 - Samuel Chase, American founding father (d. 1811)
1750 β Francois de Neufchateau, French statesman (d. 1828)
1756 β Dheeran Chinnamalai, Tamil revolutionary (d. 1805)
1766 - Colin McKinney, American surveyor, merchant and politician (d. 1861)
1770 - Mahlon Dickerson, American politician (d. 1853)
1795 - George Edmund Badger, United States Secretary of the Navy (d. 1866)
1799 - Edward Williams Clay, American artist (d. 1857)
1820 β Alexander Cartwright, American, figure in the history of baseball (d. 1892)
1824 - John Basson Humffray, Welsh-Australian politician (d. 1891)
1833 - Jean-Baptiste Accolay, Belgian violinist, composer and conductor (d. 1900)
1837 β J. P. Morgan, American financier (d. 1913)
1842 - Maurice Rouvier, 53rd Prime Minister of France (d. 1911)
1849 - William R. Day, 36th United States Secretary of State (d. 1923)
1852 - Cap Anson, American baseball player and manager (d. 1922)
1863 - Augustus Edward Hough Love, English mathematician (d. 1940)
1865 - Ursula Ledochowska, Polish-Austrian nun and saint (d. 1939)
1866 - Ernest Starling, English physiologist and academic (d. 1927)
1877 - Matsudaira Tsuneo, Japanese diplomat (d. 1949)
1879 - Henri Tauzin, French athlete (d. 1918)
1882 β Artur Schnabel, Polish pianist (d. 1951)
1885 β Karen Blixen, Danish writer (d. 1962)
1888 β Jan Vos, Dutch footballer (d. 1939)
1891 - George Adamski, Polish-American ufologist and author (d. 1965)
1894 β Nikita Krushchev, Soviet political leader (d. 1971)
1895 - Robert Dean Frisbie, American author (d. 1948)
1897 β Thornton Wilder, American writer and playwright (d. 1975)
1897 - Edouard Wyss-Dunant, Swiss physician and mountaineer (d. 1983)
1899 - Aleksander Klumberg, Estonian decathlete and coach (d. 1958)
1901 1950
1903 β Gregor Piatigorsky, Ukrainian-born cellist (d. 1976)
1903 - Nicolas Nabokov, Russian-American composer and educator (d. 1978)
1903 - Morgan Taylor, American hurdler (d. 1975)
1909 β Alain Poher, French politician (d. 1996)
1910 β Helenio Herrera, French footballer and manager (d. 1997)
1910 - Ivan Goff, Australian screenwriter and producer (d. 1999)
1911 - HervΓ© Bazin, French author (d. 1996)
1911 - George Seaton, American director and producer (d. 1979)
1912 β Marta Eggerth, Hungarian actress and singer (d. 2013)
1914 - Dovey Johnson Roundtree, American civil rights activist and attorney (d. 2018)
1915 - Joe Foss, American politician, 20th Governor of North Dakota (d. 2003)
1916 β Sirimavo Bandaranaike, Prime Minister of Sri Lanka (d. 2000)
1917 β Bill Clements, American politician, Governor of Texas (d. 2011)
1918 - William Holden, American actor (d. 1981)
1918 - Carol Rama, Italian painter (d. 2015)
1919 - Chavela Vargas, Costa Rican-Mexican singer-songwriter and actress (d. 2012)
1920 - Edmonde Charles-Roux, French writer (d. 2016)
1923 β Gianni Raimondi, Italian tenor (d. 2008)
1923 - Lindsay Anderson, British director
1923 - Neville McNamara, Royal Australian Air Force commander (d. 2014)
1924 - Donald Richie, American-Japanese author and critic (d. 2013)
1925 - RenΓ© Moawad, 13th President of Lebanon (d. 1989)
1926 - Joan Lorring, American actress and singer (d. 2014)
1927 - Margot Honecker, German politician (d. 2016)
1928 β Cynthia Ozick, American writer
1929 β James Last, German musician (d. 2015)
1931 - John Barrett, English tennis player
1931 - Malcolm Browne, American journalist and photographer (d. 2012)
1931 - Howard Honig, American actor
1933 β Joachim Kroll, German serial killer (d. 1991)
1934 β Don Kirshner, American composer (d. 2011)
1934 - Peter Morris, Australian-English surgeon
1935 β Theodoros Angelopoulos, Greek movie director and screenwriter (d. 2012)
1940 β Billy Fury, British singer (d. 1983)
1940 - Chuck Menville, American animator and screenwriter (d. 1992)
1942 β Kenas Aroi, Nauruan politician
1943 - Roy Estrada, American musician
1946 - Georges J.F. Kohler, German biologist (d. 1995)
1947 - Linda Martin, Irish singer-songwriter
1948 - Jan Hammer, Czech composer, pianist and keyboardist
1948 - Pekka Vasala, Finnish middle-distance runner
1948 - John N. Gray, English philosopher
1951 1975
1951 β Horst Hrubesch, German footballer
1951 β Olivia Hussey, Argentine-British actress
1954 β Riccardo Patrese, Italian racing driver
1954 β Lester Square, Canadian musician
1955 - Mike Stroud, English physician and explorer
1957 β Nick Hornby, British writer
1959 β Sean Bean, British actor
1959 - Li Meisu, Chinese shot putter
1959 - Peter Doig, Scottish painter
1960 - Vladimir Polyakov, Russian pole vaulter
1961 - Bella Freud, English fashion designer
1963 β Joel Murray, American actor
1963 - Penny Villagos, Canadian swimmer
1963 - Vicky Villagos, Canadian swimmer
1964 β Maynard James Keenan, American singer, musician and actor
1964 - Ken Daneyko, Canadian ice hockey player
1964 - Lela Rochon, American actress
1966 - Vikram, Indian actor, singer and producer
1967 β Henry Ian Cusick, Peruvian-born actor
1967 - Birgitta Jonsdottir, Icelandic politician
1970 - Redman, American rapper, producer and actor
1972 β Muttiah Muralitharan, Sri Lankan cricketer
1972 β Claire Sweeney, British actress and television personality
1972 β Jennifer Garner, American actress
1974 β Victoria Beckham, English singer
1974 - Mikael Akerfeldt, Swedish singer-songwriter, guitarist and producer
1975 β Stefano Fiore, Italian footballer
From 1976
1977 β Chad Hedrick, American speed skater
1977 - Frederik Magle, Danish composer and pianist
1978 - David Murdoch, Scottish curler
1978 β Jason White, Scottish rugby player
1978 - Jordan Hill, American singer
1979 - Siddharth, Indian actor, singer and producer
1980 β Lee Hyun-il, South Korean badminton player
1981 - Michael Mifsud, Maltese footballer
1981 - Jenny Meadows, English middle-distance runner
1981 - Zhang Yaokun, Chinese footballer
1981 - Myuran Sukumaran, Australian drug trafficker (d. 2015)
1983 β Andrea Marcato, Italian rugby player
1983 β Roberto JimΓ©nez, Peruvian footballer
1984 - Rosanna Davison, Irish model and actress
1985 β Jo-Wilfried Tsonga, French tennis player
1985 - Rooney Mara, American actress
1985 - Luke Mitchell, Australian actor
1985 - Takuya Honda, Japanese footballer
1986 β Romain Grosjean, Swiss-French racing driver
1987 - Eelco Sintnicolaas, Dutch decathlete
1987 - Jacqueline McInnes Wood, Canadian actress and singer
1988 - Takahiro Morita, Japanese singer
1990 - Gia Mantegna, American actress
1991 - Tessa James, Australian actress
1992 - Shkodran Mustafi, German footballer
1996 β Dee Dee Davis, American actress
Deaths
Up to 1900
326 β Alexander of Alexandria, Patriarch of Alexandria
485 - Proclus, Greek philosopher (b. 412)
1080 β King Harald III of Denmark (b. 1041)
1427 β John IV, Duke of Brabant (b. 1403)
1539 - George, Duke of Saxony (b. 1471)
1574 - Joachim Camerarius, German scholar (b. 1500)
1669 - Antonio Bertali, Italian violinist and composer (b. 1605)
1680 - Kateri Jekakwitha, American saint (b. 1656)
1711 β Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1678)
1742 β Arvid Horn, Swedish statesman (b. 1664)
1790 β Benjamin Franklin, American politician, scientist and writer (b. 1706)
1799 - Richard Jupp, English architect (b. 1728)
1843 β Samuel Morey, American inventor (b. 1762)
1849 β Pedro Ignacio de Castro Barros, Argentine statesman and priest (b. 1777)
1873 β Fyodor Petrovich Tolstoy, Russian painter (b. 1783)
1882 - George Jennings, English engineer and plumber (b. 1810)
1888 - E. G. Squier, American archaeologist and journalist (b. 1821)
1892 β Alexander Mackenzie, 2nd Prime Minister of Canada (b. 1822)
1901 2000
1902 β Francis of Spain, King Consort of Spain (b. 1822)
1921 - Manwel Dimech, Maltese journalist, author and philosopher (b. 1860)
1930 - Alexander Golovin, Russian painter (b. 1863)
1933 - Kote Marjanishvili, Georgian director and playwright (b. 1872)
1936 β Charles Ruijs de Beerenbrouck, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (b. 1873)
1937 - Yi Sang, Korean poet (b. 1910)
1941 - Al Bowlly, Mozambican-English singer-songwriter and bandleader (b. 1899)
1942 β Jean Perrin, French physicist (b. 1870)
1960 β Eddie Cochran, American musician (b. 1938)
1975 β Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, Indian philosopher and President of India (b. 1888)
1976 β Henrik Dam, Danish chemist, won the 1943 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1895)
1977 - William Conway, Irish cardinal (b. 1913)
1979 - Yukio Tsuda, Japanese footballer (b. 1917)
1983 - Felix Pappalardi, American singer-songwriter, bass player and producer (b. 1939)
1984 - Claude Provost, Canadian-American ice hockey player (b. 1933)
1984 β Yvonne Fletcher, British police officer (b. 1958)
1985 - Evadne Price, Australian-British writer, actress and astrologer (b. 1888)
1990 β Ralph Abernathy, American civil rights activist (b. 1926)
1990 β Angelo Schiavio, Italian footballer (b. 1905)
1993 β Turgut Ozal, 8th President of Turkey (b. 1927)
1994 - Roger Wolcott Sperry, American neurobiologist (b. 1913)
1996 β Piet Hein, Danish scientist and poet (b. 1905)
1997 β Chaim Herzog, President of Israel (b. 1918)
1998 β Linda McCartney, American designer and photographer (b. 1941)
From 2001
2003 β Robert Atkins, American dietician (b. 1930)
2003 β John Paul Getty, Jr., American-born millionnaire (b. 1932)
2003 - Koji Kondo, Japanese footballer (b. 1972)
2004 β Abdel Aziz al-Rantissi, Hamas leader (b. 1947)
2005 β Konrad Spindler, German scientist (b. 1939)
2007 β Kitty Carlisle, American singer and actress (b. 1910)
2008 β AimΓ© CΓ©saire, French-Martinican poet and politician (b. 1913)
2008 β Danny Federici, American musician (b. 1950)
2011 β Bhawani Singh, Indian nobleman (b. 1931)
2014 - Karpal Singh, Malaysian politician (b. 1940)
2014 - Cheo Feliciano, Puerto Rican singer-songwriter (b. 1935)
2014 - Henry Maksoud, Brazilian businessman (b. 1929)
2014 - Gabriel GarcΓa MΓ‘rquez, Colombian novelist, won the 1972 Nobel Prize in Literature (b. 1927)
2015 - Francis George, American cardinal (b. 1937)
2015 - Robert P. Griffin, American politician, United States Senator (b. 1923)
2015 - Mariano Gago, Portuguese engineer and politician (b. 1948)
2015 - Viktor Korshunov, Russian actor (b. 1929)
2015 - Jeremiah J. Rodell, American brigadier general and priest (b. 1921)
2016 - Cyril Leonoff, Canadian civil engineer and historian (b. 1925)
2016 - Doris Roberts, American actress (b. 1925)
2017 - Dawson Mathis, American politician (b. 1940)
2017 - John T. Noonan Jr., American judge (b. 1926)
2017 - Rosey, Samoan-American professional wrestler (b. 1970)
2018 - Barbara Bush, First Lady of the United States (b. 1925)
2018 - Big Tom, Irish singer (b. 1936)
2018 - Carl Kasell, American radio journalist and quiz show judge (b. 1934)
2018 - Vel Phillips, American attorney and politician (b. 1923)
2018 - T. V. R. Shenoy, Indian journalist and columnist (b. 1941)
2018 - Philibert Randriambololona, Malagasy Roman Catholic prelate (b. 1927)
2019 - Alan GarcΓa, 61st and 64th President of Peru (b. 1949)
2019 - Kazuo Koike, Japanese manga artist (b. 1936)
2019 - Ya'akov Nehoshtan, Israeli politician and diplomat (b. 1925)
2019 - Pieter Verhoeff, Dutch film director (b. 1938)
Observances
National Day of Syria
Flag Day (American Samoa)
Women's Day (Gabon)
World Hemophilia Day
Days of the year |
8720 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/April%2014 | April 14 |
Events
Up to 1900
69 - Vitellius, commander of the Rhine armies, defeats Roman Emperor Otho in the Battle of Bedriacum and seizes the throne.
70 - Siege of Jerusalem: Titus, son of Emperor Vespasian, surrounds the Jewish capital, with four Roman legions.
193 - Septimius Severus is proclaimed Roman Emperor by the army in Illyricum (Balkan peninsula).
966 - Mieszko I of Poland converts to Christianity.
1028 - Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor is elected King of Germany.
1205 - Battle of Adrianople between Bulgarians and Crusaders.
1434 - The foundation stone is laid for St. Peter and Paul Cathedral in Nantes, France.
1471 β Yorkists under Edward IV defeat Lancastrians under Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick at the Battle of Barnet. The Earl of Warwick is killed and Edward IV becomes King.
1775 - The first abolition society in North America is founded.
1828 β Noah Webster copyrights the first edition of his dictionary.
1849 β Hungary declares independence, with Lajos Kossuth as regent.
1860 - The first Pony Express rider reaches Sacramento, California.
1862 β Australian bushranger Ben Hall takes part in his first robbery.
1865 β US President Abraham Lincoln is shot at Ford's Theatre by John Wilkes Booth. Lincoln dies the next day, of his injuries.
1865 β United States Secretary of State William H. Seward is attacked in his home by Lewis Powell.
1890 - The Pan-American Union is founded by the first International Conference of American States in Washington, DC.
1894 - The first-ever commercial movie house opens in New York City.
1901 2000
1903 β Turkey is hit by an earthquake, killing 1,700 people.
1909 β A massacre is organized by Ottoman Empire against Armenian population of Cilicia
1912 β The RMS Titanic hits an iceberg, and sinks on April 15th in the early morning.
1927 β The first Volvo makes its debut in Gothenburg in Sweden.
1928 - The Bremen, a German Junkers W33 type aircraft, reaches Greenly Island, East of Canada, the first successful transatlantic aeroplane flight from east to west.
1931 - The first edition of the Highway Code is published in the United Kingdom.
1931 β Spanish Cortes depose King Alfonso XIII, and proclaim the 2nd Republic.
1935 β In the Dust Bowl, the Black Sunday storm strikes parts of the Central United States. Worst affected is Oklahoma, where settlers are forced to leave, as crops are destroyed.
1939 - The Grapes of Wrath, a novel by John Steinbeck, is published for the first time.
1942 - Malta receives the George Cross for bravery during World War II.
1944 β Carrying explosives, British freight ship Port Stikine explodes in Bombay harbour, killing over 1,000 people and injuring around 3,000.
1945 β World War II: Osijek, Croatia, is liberated from Fascist rule.
1956 - Videotape is first demonstrated in Chicago.
1958 β The Soviet satellite Sputnik 2 falls from orbit around the Earth, after 162 days. This was the first spacecraft to carry a living animal, a dog named Laika, who likely lived only a few hours.
1967 β Gnassingbe Eyadema installs himself as President of Togo, a post he holds until his death in February 2005.
1969 - At the Academy Awards, there is a tie between Katharine Hepburn and Barbra Streisand for Best Actress.
1975 β In a referendum, voters in Sikkim vote in favour of Union with India.
1978 β Thousands of Georgians demonstrate against Soviet attempts to change the constitutional status of the Georgian language.
1980 - The movie version of the GΓΌnter Grass novel The Tin Drum wins the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film.
1981 - STS-1 mission, on Space Shuttle Columbia, is completed.
1985 - Bernhard Langer becomes the first German golfer to win the US Masters at Augusta, Georgia, United States.
1986 β 1 kilogram hailstones fall in the Gopalganj district of Bangladesh, killing 92 people. They are the heaviest hailstones ever recorded.
1999 β Sydney, Australia is hit by a severe hailstorm.
From 2001
2002 β Venezuelan President Hugo ChΓ‘vez returns to office, three days after being ousted and arrested by the military in a US-backed coup.
2003 β The Human Genome Project is completed, with 99% of the human genome sequenced to an accuracy of 99.99%.
2003 β US troops in Baghdad capture Abu Abbas, leader of a Palestinian group that killed a US citizen on the MS Achille Lauro in 1985.
2008 β Silvio Berlusconi is elected to replace Romano Prodi as Prime Minister of Italy.
2010 β A magnitude 6.9 earthquake strikes Yushu district in China's Qinghai province, killing almost 2,700 people.
2010 β The eruption of Eyjafjallajokull in Iceland begins to shut down air travel in Europe.
2014 - Bomb blasts in Abuja, Nigeria, kill dozens of people.
2014 - Boko Haram militants abduct 276 schoolgirls from Chibok in northeastern Nigeria. International campaigns are soon launched to find them, including #BringBackOurGirls.
2015 - Around 400 people are feared to have drowned in the Mediterranean Sea off Libya.
2016 - The first quake (magnitude 6.5) of Kumamoto earthquakes happens (quakes happen to April 16 when that of magnitude 7.0 is observed).
2018 - The United States, United Kingdom and France carry out air strikes in Syria in response to a suspected chemical attack.
2019 - Tiger Woods wins The Masters Tournament in Augusta, Georgia, United States, winning a major golf competition for the first time in almost 11 years.
Births
Up to 1900
1126 - Averroes, Arab Spanish polymath (d. 1198)
1336 - Emperor Go-Kogon of Japan (d. 1374)
1527 - Abraham Ortelius, Flemish mapmaker (d. 1598).
1572 - Adam Tanner, Austrian mathematician (d. 1632)
1578 β King Philip III of Spain (d. 1621)
1629 β Christiaan Huygens, Dutch astronomer, mathematician and physicist (d. 1695)
1668 - Magnus Julius De la Gardie, Swedish general and politician (d. 1741)
1678 - Abraham Darby, English engineer (d. 1717)
1738 β William Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1809)
1741 β Emperor Momozono of Japan (d. 1762)
1765 β Landgravine Augusta Wilhelmine of Hesse-Darmstadt, Queen of Bavaria (d. 1796)
1773 - Jean-Baptiste de Villèle, French statesman (d. 1854)
1788 - David G. Burnet, President of the Republic of Texas (d. 1870)
1814 - Dimitri Kipiani, Georgian politician and writer (d. 1887)
1818 - Marie of Saxe-Altenburg, Queen of Hanover (d. 1907)
1852 - Meijer de Haan, Dutch painter (d. 1895)
1857 β Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom (d. 1944)
1862 β Pyotr Stolypin, Russian statesman (d. 1911)
1866 β Anne Sullivan, American teacher of Helen Keller (d. 1936)
1868 β Peter Behrens, German architect (d. 1940)
1870 - Syd Gregory, Australian cricketer (d. 1929)
1870 - Victor Boris-Musatov, Russian painter (d. 1905)
1872 - Abdullah Yusuf Ali, Indian-Islamic scholar and translator (d. 1953)
1879 - James Branch Cabell, American writer (d. 1958)
1881 - Husain Salaahudin, Maldivian poet and scholar (d. 1948)
1882 β Moritz Schlick, German philosopher (d. 1936)
1889 β Arnold Joseph Toynbee, English historian (d. 1975)
1889 β Efim Bogolyubov, Ukrainian chess player (d. 1952)
1891 β B. R. Ambedkar, Indian social activist (d. 1956)
1892 - Juan Belmonte, Spanish bullfighter (d. 1963)
1892 β Claire Windsor, American actress (d. 1972)
1901 1950
1902 - Sylvio Mantha, Canadian ice hockey player, coach and referee (d. 1974)
1903 - Henry Corbin, French philosopher and educator (d. 1978)
1904 β John Gielgud, British actor (d. 2000)
1905 - Jean Pierre-Bloch, French activist, politician and writer (d. 1999)
1905 - Elizabeth Huckaby, American educator (d. 1999)
1907 β FranΓ§ois Duvalier (Papa Doc), President of Haiti (d. 1971)
1912 β Robert Doisneau, French photographer (d. 1994)
1918 - Mary Healy, American actress and singer (d. 2015)
1919 - Shamshan Begum, Indian singer (d. 2013)
1920 - Ivor Guest, English ballet historian and lawyer
1920 - Schubert Gambetta, Uruguayan footballer (d. 1991)
1921 β Thomas Schelling, American economist (d. 2016)
1922 - Audrey Long, American actress (d. 2014)
1923 - Roberto De Vicenzo, Argentine golfer (d. 2017)
1924 - Mary Warnock, Baroness Warnock, British philosopher (d. 2019)
1925 β Abel Muzorewa, Prime Minister of Zimbabwe (d. 2010)
1925 - Gene Ammons, American saxophonist (d. 1974)
1925 - Rod Steiger, American actor (d. 2002)
1926 β Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo, Prime Minister of Spain (d. 2008)
1926 - Gloria Jean, American actress
1927 β Alan MacDiarmid, New Zealand chemist (d. 2007)
1929 β Chadli Bendjedid, former President of Algeria (d. 2012)
1929 - Gerry Anderson, British writer, director and producer (d. 2012)
1931 - Dimitar Dobrev, Bulgarian wrestler (d. 2019)
1932 β Atef Ebeid, former Prime Minister of Egypt (d. 2014)
1932 β Loretta Lynn, American country musician and singer
1933 - Boris Strugatsky, Russian writer (d. 2012)
1933 - Paddy Hopkirk, Northern Irish racing driver
1934 - Fredric Jameson, American philosopher and theorist
1935 - Susan Cunliffe-Lister, British paralympian and disabled rights campaigner
1935 β Erich von Daniken, Swiss writer
1936 - Ivan Dias, Indian cardinal (d. 2017)
1936 - Bobby Nichols, American golfer
1936 - Arlene Martel, American actress (d. 2014)
1936 - Kenneth Mars, American actor (d. 2011)
1937 - Sepp Mayerl, Austrian mountaineer (d. 2012)
1940 β Julie Christie, British actress
1941 - Pete Rose, American baseball player and manager
1942 β Valentin Lebedev, Soviet-Russian cosmonaut
1942 - Valeriy Brumel, Soviet-Russian Olympic athlete (d. 2003)
1943 β Nikolay Petrov, Russian pianist (d. 2011)
1944 β John Sergeant, English journalist
1945 β Ritchie Blackmore, English guitarist (Deep Purple)
1945 - Uwe Beyer, German hammer thrower
1945 - Roger Frappier, Canadian actor, director, producer and screenwriter
1945 β Tuilaepa Aiono Sailele Malielegaoi, Samoan Prime Minister
1947 - Dominique Baudis, French journalist and politician (d. 2014)
1948 - Berry Berenson, American photographer, actress and model (d. 2001)
1949 β Chris Langham, British actor
1949 β John Shea, American actor
1949 - Eric Cunningham, Canadian politician (d. 2015)
1950 - Francis Collins, American physician and geneticist
1951 1975
1951 β Julian Lloyd Webber, British cellist
1954 - Katsuhiro Otomo, Japanese artist, screenwriter and director
1954 - Bruce Sterling, American science fiction author
1955 - Aleksey Lebed, Russian military officer and politician (d. 2019)
1956 - Barbara Bonney, American soprano
1957 - Richard Jeni, American comedian and actor (d. 2007)
1957 - Mikhail Pletnev, Russian pianist, composer and conductor
1958 β Peter Capaldi, Scottish actor and director
1959 - Steve Byrnes, American sports announcer (d. 2015)
1960 β Brad Garrett, American actor
1961 β Robert Carlyle, Scottish actor
1964 β Gina McKee, English actress
1966 - Lloyd Owen, English actor
1967 - Nicola Berti, Italian footballer
1967 - Francis Tsai, American comic book, movie and video game concept artist (d. 2015)
1967 - Steve Chiasson, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 1999)
1967 - Julie Zemio, French-Australian actress and singer
1968 - Anthony Michael Hall, American actor
1971 - Miguel Calero, Colombian footballer (d. 2012)
1972 - Dean Potter, American rock climber and BASE jumper (d. 2015)
1973 - David Miller, American tenor (Il Divo)
1973 β Roberto Ayala, Argentine footballer
1973 β Adrien Brody, American actor
1975 - Anderson Silva, Brazilian mixed martial artist
1975 - Amy Birnbaum, American voice actress
From 1976
1976 - Georgina Chapman, English model, actress and fashion designer
1976 - Francoise Mbango Etone, Cameroonian athlete
1976 - Kyle Farnsworth, American baseball player
1977 β Cristiano Zanetti, Italian footballer
1977 β Sarah Michelle Gellar, American actress
1980 - Win Butler, American-Canadian singer-songwriter and guitarist
1980 - Steven Holcomb, American bobsledder (d. 2017)
1981 - Amy Leach, English director
1982 - Ugur Boral, Turkish footballer
1983 β James McFadden, Scottish footballer
1983 β Nikoloz Tskitishvili, Georgian basketball player
1984 - Harumafuji Kohei, Mongolian sumo wrestler
1986 β Matt Derbyshire, English footballer
1986 β Anne Watanabe, Japanese model
1987 β Erwin Hoffer, Austrian footballer
1987 - Wilson Kiprop, Kenyan long-distance runner
1989 - Aleksei Alekseyev, Russian footballer
1989 - Dafina Zeqiri, Albanian-Kosovan-Swedish singer and dancer
1993 - Vivien Cardone, American actress
1993 - Graham Phillips, American actor and singer
1994 - Skyler Samuels, American actress
1996 β Abigail Breslin, American actress
1999 - Anita Simoncini, Sammarinese singer
Deaths
Up to 1900
1132 - Mstislav I of Kiev (b. 1076)
1471 β Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick, English kingmaker (b. 1428)
1574 - Louis of Nassau (b. 1538)
1578 - James Hepburn, 4th Earl of Bothwell, consort of Mary, Queen of Scots
1721 - Michel Chamillart, French statesman (b. 1652)
1758 β Clara, famous rhinoceros
1759 β George Frideric Handel, German composer (b. 1685)
1785 - William Whitehead, English writer (b. 1715)
1792 - Maximilian Hell, Hungarian astronomer (b. 1720)
1816 - Bussa, African-born Barbadian slave and national hero of Barbados
1843 β Joseph Lanner, Austrian violinist and composer (b. 1801)
1895 - James Dwight Dana, American geologist, mineralogist and zoologist (b. 1813)
1901 2000
1910 - Mikhail Vrubel, Russian painter (b. 1856)
1912 β Henri Brisson, French statesman (b. 1835)
1914 β Hubert Bland, co-founder of Fabian Society (b. 1855)
1917 β L. L. Zamenhof, creator of Esperanto (b. 1859)
1925 β John Singer Sargent, English artist (b. 1856)
1930 β Vladimir Mayakovsky, Russian writer (b. 1893)
1935 β Amalie Emmy Noether, German mathematician (b. 1882)
1943 β Yakov Dzhugashvili, son of Joseph Stalin (b. 1907)
1950 β Ramana Maharshi, Indian guru (b. 1879)
1951 - Al Christie, Canadian-American director, producer and screenwriter (b. 1881)
1962 - Visvesvaraya, Indian engineer, scholar and statesman (b. 1860)
1964 - Tatyana Afanasyeva, Russian-Dutch mathematician (b. 1876)
1964 β Rachel Carson, American writer (b. 1907)
1965 - Richard Hickock, American murderer (b. 1931)
1965 - Perry Edward Smith, American murderer (b. 1928)
1968 β Al Benton, Major League Baseball player (b. 1911)
1975 β Fredric March, actor (b. 1897)
1983 - Pete Farndon, English musician (b. 1952)
1986 β Simone de Beauvoir, French feminist writer (b. 1908)
1989 β Pete Farndon, British musician (The Pretenders)
1995 β Burl Ives, American folk singer and actor (b. 1909)
1999 β Anthony Newley, actor, singer (b. 1931)
1999 β Ellen Corby, American actress (b. 1911)
1999 β Bill Wendell, American broadcaster (b. 1931)
2000 β Phil Katz, American computer programmer (b. 1962)
2000 - Wilf Mannion, English footballer (b. 1918)
From 2001
2001 β Hiroshi Teshigahara, Japanese director (b. 1927)
2001 - Jim Baxter, Scottish footballer (b. 1939)
2007 β Ladislav Adamec, Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia (b. 1926)
2009 β Maurice Druon, French writer, dramatist and politician (b. 1918)
2010 - Israr Ahmed, Pakistani theologian and scholar (b. 1932)
2010 β Peter Steele, American musician (b. 1962)
2011 β Walter Breuning, American supercentenarian (b. 1896)
2011 β William Lipscomb, American chemist (b. 1919)
2012 β Emile Bouchard, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1919)
2012 β Piermario Morosini, Italian footballer (b. 1986)
2012 - Jonathan Frid, Canadian actor (b. 1924)
2013 - Colin Davis, British conductor (b. 1927)
2013 - Armando Villanueva, Prime Minister of Peru (b. 1915)
2014 - Brian Harradine, Australian politician (b. 1935)
2014 - Armando Peraza, Cuban-American Latin jazz percussionist (b. 1924)
2014 - Mick Staton, American politician (b. 1940)
2014 - Albert Manent, Spanish writer (b. 1930)
2014 - Manuel Ortega, Spanish painter (b. 1921)
2015 - Ameril Umbra Kato, Filipino warlord (b. 1946)
2015 - Percy Sledge, American singer (b. 1941)
2015 - Norman H. Bangerter, American politician, 13th Governor of Utah (b. 1933)
2015 - Homaro Cantu, American chef (b. 1976)
2015 - Klaus Bednarz, German journalist and writer (b. 1942)
2015 - Meir Rosenne, Israeli lawyer and diplomat (b. 1931)
2015 - Roberto Tucci, Italian cardinal (b. 1921)
2016 - Nguyen Anh 9, Vietnamese songwriter and pianist (b. 1940)
2016 - Ahmed Brahim, Tunisian politician (b. 1946)
2016 - Malick SidibΓ©, Malian photographer (b. 1935)
2016 - Liang Sili, Chinese missile control scientist and academic (b. 1924)
2016 - David J. C. MacKay, British author, physicist and professor (b. 1967)
2017 - Henry Hillman, American venture capitalist and philanthropist (b. 1918)
2017 - Robert Taylor, American computer scientist and internet pioneer (b. 1932)
2018 - Isabella Biagini, Italian actress (b. 1943)
2018 - Hal Greer, American basketball player (b. 1936)
2018 - Jean-Claude Malgoire, French conductor (b. 1940)
2018 - Jon Michelet, Norwegian author (b. 1944)
2018 - Gerald Nachman, American critic and author (b. 1938)
2018 - Robert Holmes, American football player (b. 1945)
2019 - Bibi Andersson, Swedish actress (b. 1935)
2019 - Giuseppe Ciarrapico, Italian politician (b. 1934)
2019 - Colin Collindridge, English footballer (b. 1929)
2019 - Abdallah Lamrani, Moroccan footballer (b. 1946)
2019 - Gene Wolfe, American writer (b. 1931)
Observances
New Year Festivals in many South and Southeast Asian cultures
Georgian language Day
Youth Day (Angola)
Ambedkar Jayanti (India), celebrating the birthday of social activist B. R. Ambedkar
Pan-American Day
Black Day (South Korea)
Dhivehi language Day (Maldives)
Days of the year |
8721 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1977 | 1977 | 1977 (MCMLXXVII) was .
Events
January 3 β Apple Computer is incorporated
February 18 β 2000 AD, a British comic, is first published
March 10 β The rings of Uranus are discovered
April 22 β Optical fiber is first used to carry live telephone traffic
May 25 β George Lucas' Star Wars opens in movie theaters
June β Hot Press, an Irish music magazine debuts
June 27 β Djibouti receives its independence from France
July 13 β The New York City blackout of 1977 lasts for 25 hours
August 7 β Mount Usu volcano in Japan erupts
September 11 β Atari, Inc. releases its Video Computer System in North America
October 18 β Reggie Jackson hits 3 home runs to lead the New York Yankees to a World Series victory over the Los Angeles Dodgers
November β Blue Γyster Cult release their album Spectres
November 13 β Shirley Jones and Marty Ingels marry
December 20 β Djibouti and Vietnam join the United Nations
Births
January 8 β Amber Benson, American actress (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)
January 13 β Orlando Bloom, English actor (The Lord of the Rings movie trilogy, Troy)
January 28 β Daunte Culpepper, NFL quarterback
February 2 β Shakira, Colombian musician
February 3 β Daddy Yankee, Puerto Rican singer
February 14 β Cadel Evans, first Australian Tour de France winner
March 2 β Chris Martin, English singer (Coldplay)
March 8 β James Van Der Beek, American actor
April 9 β Gerard Way, American singer (My Chemical Romance)
April 14 β Sarah Michelle Gellar American actress (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)
April 23 β John Cena, American professional wrestler, hip hop musician and actor
May 8 β Bad News Brown, Canadian musician (d. 2011)
May 19 β Natalia Oreiro, Uruguayan singer
May 22 β djBJoRN, Canadian/Swedish DJ and producer
June 10 β Schapelle Corby, Australian criminal
July 1 β Naofumi Yamamoto, Japanese professional wrestler
July 8 β Milo Ventimiglia, American actor
July 14 β Princess Victoria of Sweden, heiress apparent of Sweden
July 17 β M.I.A., English musician
August 3 β Oscar Pereiro, Spanish cyclist
August 4 β YΕ«ko Kohara, Japanese manga artist
August 17 β William Gallas, French footballer
August 17 β Thierry Henry, French footballer
August 24 β Robert Enke, German footballer
August 31 β Jeff Hardy, American wrestler
September 15 β Angela Aki, Japanese singer
September 20 β Namie Amuro, Japanese singer
September 26 β Hugo de Jonge, Dutch politician
November 10 β Brittany Murphy, American actress
November 16 β Oksana Baiul, Ukrainian figure skater
December 1 β Melinda Doolittle, American singer
December 3 β Adam MaΕysz, Polish ski jumper
December 7 β Dominic Howard, English musician (Muse)
Deaths
January 14 β Anthony Eden, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1897)
February 9 β Queen Alia, Queen of Jordan (b. 1948)
March 4 β Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk, German politician (b. 1887)
April 5 β Carlos PrΓo SocarrΓ‘s, President of Cuba (suicide) (b. 1903)
May 5 β Ludwig Erhard, German politician (b. 1897)
June 16 β Wernher von Braun, German-born American rocket scientist (b. 1912)
July 2 β Vladimir Nabokov, Russian writer (b. 1899)
August 16 β Elvis Presley, American singer (b. 1935)
August 19 β Groucho Marx, American actor (b. 1890)
September 16- Marc Bolan, British pop singer (b. 1947)
September 18 β Paul Bernays, Swiss mathematician (b. 1888)
October 14 β Bing Crosby, American actor and singer (b. 1903)
October 18 β Andreas Baader, German terrorist (b. 1943)
November 14 β A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, Indian religion leader (b. 1896)
December 5 - Katherine Milhous, American illustrator and children's book author (b. 1894)
December 10 β Adolph Rupp, American basketball coach (b. 1901)
December 25 β Charlie Chaplin, English actor (b. 1889)
Ali Shariati, Iranian writer and philosopher (b. 1933)
Nobel Prizes
Nobel Prize in Physics shared by Philip Warren Anderson, Sir Nevill Francis Mott, and John Hasbrouck Van Vleck
Nobel Prize in Chemistry won by Ilya Prigogine, Belgian physical chemist
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine shared by Roger Guillemin, Andrew Schally, and Rosalyn Yalow for their work on neurohormones
Nobel Prize in Literature won by Vicente Aleixandre, Spanish poet
Nobel Peace Prize won by Amnesty International, a group focused on human rights
Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences β Bertil Ohlin, a Swedish economist and politician, and James Meade, a British economist
Movies released
Annie Hall, winner of 4 Academy Awards
Candleshoe, starring David Niven, Helen Hayes, and Jodie Foster
Close Encounters of the Third Kind, directed by Steven Spielberg
The Gauntlet
The Deep, directed by Peter Yates
The Goodbye Girl, winning Academy Award for Best Actor for Richard Dreyfuss
Saturday Night Fever, starring John Travolta and Karen Lynn Gorney
Smokey and the Bandit
The Spy Who Loved Me, the tenth James Bond movie
Star Wars
Hit songs
"Alison" β Elvis Costello
"American Girl" β Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers
"Amoureuse de la vie" β Dalida
"Angel In Your Arms" β Hot
"Another Star" β Stevie Wonder
"April Sun In Cuba" β Dragon
"As" β Stevie Wonder
"Baby What A Big Surprise" β Chicago
"Barracuda" β Heart
"Black Betty" β Ram Jam
"Blue Bayou" β Linda Ronstadt
"Boogie Nights" β Heatwave
"California" β Manfred Mann's Earth Band
"Calling Occupants Of Interplanetary Craft" β The Carpenters
"Captain Sky" β Dalida
"Carry On Wayward Son" β Kansas
"Cold As Ice" β Foreigner
"Come Sail Away" β Styx
"Complete Control" β The Clash
"Coyote" β Joni Mitchell
"Dancing In The Moonlight(It's Caught Me In The Spotlight)" β Thin Lizzy
"Dancing The Night Away" β The Motors
"Daytime Friends" β Kenny Rogers
"Disco Inferno" β The Trammps
"Do Anything You Wanna Do" β Eddie and the Hotrods
"Don't Believe A Word" β Thin Lizzy
"Don't It Make My Brown Eyes Blue" β Crystal Gayle
"Don't Stop" β Fleetwood Mac
"Down To Zero" β Joan Armatrading
"Dr Love" β Tina Charles
"Dreamboat Annie" β Heart
"Fanfare For The Common Man" β Emerson Lake and Palmer
"Father Christmas" β The Kinks
"Feels Like The First Time" β Foreigner
"Femme est la Nuit" β Dalida
"Fly Like An Eagle" β Steve Miller Band
"(Get A)Grip(On Yourself)" β The Stranglers
"Give A Little Bit" β Supertramp
"Go Your Own Way" β Fleetwood Mac
"God Save The Queen" β The Sex Pistols
"Heard It In A Love Song" β Marshall Tucker
"Heartsong" β Gordon Giltrap
"Hello Stranger" β Yvonne Elliman
"Help Is On It's Way" β Little River Band
"Here Come Those Tears Again" β Jackson Browne
"Heroes" β David Bowie
"Holidays In The Sun" β The Sex Pistols
"I Need A Man" β Grace Jones
"I'll Sleep When I'm Dead" β Warren Zevon
"I'm In You" β Peter Frampton
"In The Flesh" β Blondie
"Jamming/Punky Reggae Party" β Bob Marley and the Wailers
"Jet Airliner" β Steve Miller Band
"Jungle Love" β Steve Miller Band
"Killing of Georgie, Pt. 1-2" β Rod Stewart
"Let There Be Rock" β AC/DC
"Lido Shuffle" β Boz Scaggs
"Life In The Fast Lane" β The Eagles
"Like A Huricane" β Neil Young
"Livin' Thing" β Electric Light Orchestra
"Living Next Door To Alice" β Smokie
"Lonely Boy" β Andrew Gold
"Love Is The Answer" β Utopia
"Ma Baker" β Boney M
"Magazine Madonna β Sherbet
"Mannequin" β Wire
"Margaritaville" β Jimmy Buffett
"Maybe I'm Amazed" (live) β Paul McCartney & Wings
"Memory Motel" β The Rolling Stones
"More Than A Feeling" β Boston
"Motorhead" β Motorhead
"No More Heroes" β The Stranglers
"Nobody Does It Better" β Carly Simon
"Peaches/Go Buddy Go" β The Stranglers
"Pearl's A Singer" β Elkie Brooks
"Portsmouth" β Mike Oldfield
"The Pretender" β Jackson Browne
"Pretty Vacant" β The Sex Pistols
"Really Free" β John Otway and Wild Willy Barrett
"Remember... C'Γ©tait loin" β Dalida & Richard Chanfray as St-Germain
"Rip To Her Shreds" β Blondie
"Rockaria" β Electric Light Orchestra
"Rockin' All Over The World" β Status Quo
"Rose Of Cimarron(EP)" β Poco
"Salma Ya Salama" β Dalida
"Save It For A Rainy Day" β Stephen Bishop
"Sex And Drugs And Rock And Roll" β Ian Dury
"She's Not There" β Santana
"Sheena Is A Punk Rocker" β The Ramones
"Smoke On The Water" β Deep Purple
"Solsbury Hill" β Peter Gabriel
"Something Better Change/Straighten Out" β The Stranglers
"Sometimes When We Touch" - Dan Hill
"Sound And Vision" β David Bowie
"Things We Do For Love" β 10cc
"This Is Tomorrow" β Bryan Ferry
"Ti Amo (Je t'aime)" β Dalida
"Tie Your Mother Down" β Queen
"2-4-6-8 Motorway" β Tom Robinson Band
"Tumbling Dice" β Linda Ronstadt
"Walk This Way" β Aerosmith
"Watching The Detectives" β Elvis Costello
"We Are The Champions" β Queen
"We Will Rock You" β Queen
"We Just Disagree" β Dave Mason
"White Riot" β The Clash
"Whole Wide World" β Wreckless Eric
"Wild Side Of Life" β Status Quo
"Wonderous Stories" β Yes
"Year Of The Cat" β Al Stewart
"You And Me" β Alice Cooper
"You Yesyesyes" β The Residents
"You're In My Heart" β Rod Stewart
"You're Moving Out Today" β Carole Bayer Sager
"(Your Love Has Lifted Me) Higher And Higher" β Rita Coolidge
"Your Song" β Billy Paul
New books
The Amityville Horror β Jay Anson
Beggarman, Thief β Irwin Shaw
Bloodline β Sidney Sheldon
A Bonus β Elizabeth Smart
The Chancellor Manuscript β Robert Ludlum
Child of the Morning β Pauline Gedge
The Complete Book of Running β Jim Fixx
Daniel Martin β John Fowles
Dreams Die First β Harold Robbins
The Honourable Schoolboy β John le CarrΓ©
How to Save Your Own Life β Erica Jong
Illusions β Richard Bach
James Bond, The Spy Who Loved Me β Christopher Wood
Oliver's Story β Erich Segal
The Plague Dogs β Richard Adams
Rage β Richard Bachman
Refiner's Fire β Mark Helprin
A Scanner Darkly β Philip K. Dick
The Sea, The Sea β Iris Murdoch
The Shining β Stephen King
The Silmarillion β J. R. R. Tolkien
The Slave Girl β Buchi Emecheta
Song of Solomon β Toni Morrison
Terms of Endearment β Larry McMurtry
The Thorn Birds β Colleen McCullough
The True American, A Folk Fable β Melvin Van Peebles
The Wars β Timothy Findley
Rocky Marciano. Biography of A First Son β Everett M. Skehan |
8722 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/March%2024 | March 24 |
Events
Up to 1900
1401 β Turko-Mongol Emperor Timur sacks Damascus.
1603 β King James VI of Scotland becomes James VI and I as the crowns of the Kingdom of Scotland, the Kingdom of England, and the Kingdom of Ireland are joined following the death of Elizabeth I.
1603 β Tokugawa Ieyasu is granted the title of shogun.
1663 β The Province of Carolina is granted by charter to eight Lords Proprietor in reward for their assistance in restoring Charles II of England, Ireland and Scotland to the throne.
1720 β Count Frederick of Hesse-Kassel (Frederick I of Sweden) is elected King of Sweden.
1765 β American Revolutionary War: The United Kingdom of Great Britain passes the Quartering Act that requires the 13 colonies on the east coast of North America to house British troops.
1829 β Roman Catholics are allowed to serve in the British Parliament.
1837 β African Canadian men are given the right to vote.
1878 β The British frigate HMS Eurydice sinks, killing over 300 people.
1882 β Robert Koch announces the discovery of mycobacterium tuberculosis, responsible for causing tuberculosis.
1896 β Alexander Stepanovich Popov makes the first radio signal transmission in history.
1900 β Mayor of New York City Robert Anderson Van Wyck breaks new ground for new underground "Rapid Transit Railroad" that would link Manhattan and Brooklyn.
1901 2000
1902 β The Flag of New Zealand is adopted.
1922 β Irish War of Independence: In Belfast, Northern Irish policemen break into the home of a Catholic family, shooting all eight males inside.
1923 β Greece becomes a Republic.
1923 β A magnitude 7.3 earthquake in China kills 5,000 people.
1927 β Nanjing Incident: Foreign warships bombard Nanjing, China, in defense of foreign citizens within the city.
1934 β The United States Congress allows the Philippines to become a self-governing Commonwealth.
1944 β World War II: German troops kill 335 Italian citizens in Rome.
1958 β Elvis Presley is drafted into the US Army.
1962 β Pak Chong Hui is chosen by the military as President of South Korea.
1965 β Martin Luther King, Jr.'s Civil Rights march from Selma to Montgomery, in Alabama, ends.
1972 β Northern Ireland is placed under direct rule from London.
1973 β Kenyan athlete Kip Keino defeats Jim Ryun at the first-ever professional track meet in Los Angeles, California.
1976 β Jorge Rafael Videla takes power in Argentina, starting a 7-year military dictatorship in which many people disappear and are tortured and killed.
1980 β El Salvadorean archbishop Oscar Romero is killed.
1989 β Exxon Valdez oil spill: The Exxon Valdez oil tanker runs aground on Prince William Sound in Alaska, causing a massive oil spill. Until the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in 2010, it was the worst oil spill in US history.
1993 β The comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 is discovered.
1998 β A cyclone in Bangladesh kills over 250 people.
1998 β A tornado in Dantan, India, kills 250 people and injures 300.
1998 β Jonesboro massacre: Mitchell Johnson (aged 11) and Andrew Golden (aged 13), fire on teachers and students at Westside Middle School in Jonesboro, Arkansas, killing 5 people and injuring 10.
1999 β NATO bomb-attacks on cities in Serbia.
1999 β A fire that started in a lorry spreads in the Mont Blanc tunnel, killing 39 people.
From 2001
2002 - Academy Awards: The Best Actor and Best Actress awards are given to Denzel Washington and Halle Berry, making it the first time that both these awards were won by African American actors at the same time.
2004 β Cyclone Catarina forms off Brazil in the South Atlantic.
2005 β Anti-government protests in Kyrgyzstan lead to the resignation of the President, Askar Akayev.
2007 - The Montenegro national football team plays its first match, a 2β1 win over the Hungary national football team.
2008 β Bhutan's first-ever general election takes place.
2010 β South Talpatty Island, disputed between India and Bangladesh, disappears due to rising sea levels.
2011 β 2011 Burma earthquake: 68 people are killed as a magnitude 7 earthquake strikes Burma.
2014 β Leaders from Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States agree to suspend Russia from the G8, and announce that the planned G8 summit to be held in Sochi is no longer taking place. This is after events in Crimea.
2015 β Germanwings Flight 9525, travelling from Barcelona, Spain to DΓΌsseldorf, Germany, crashes in the French Alps, killing all 150 people on board. The co-pilot, Andreas Lubitz, is later found to have crashed the plane deliberately.
2016 β Results show that voters in New Zealand, by a majority, have voted to keep the country's existing flag in a referendum.
2016 β Former Bosnian-Serb leader Radovan Karadzic is found guilty of war crimes by the International Criminal Court in The Hague; he is sentenced to 40 years in jail.
Births
Up to 1800
1494 β Georg Agricola, German scientist (d. 1555)
1657 β Arai Hakuseki, Japanese writer and politician (d. 1725)
1693 β John Harrison, English inventor and clockmaker (d. 1776)
1725 β Samuel Ashe, 9th Governor of North Carolina (d. 1813)
1725 β Thomas Cushing, American member of the Continental Congress (d. 1788)
1755 β Rufus King, American politician (d. 1827)
1756 β Francesca Lebrun, German soprano and composer (d. 1791)
1760 β Jesse Franklin, 20th Governor of North Carolina (d. 1823)
1762 β Marcos Portugal, Portuguese composer (d. 1830)
1775 β Muthuswami Dikshitar, South Indian poet and composer (d. 1835)
1782 β Orest Kiprensky, Russian painter (d. 1836)
1782 β William Owsley, 16th Governor of Kentucky (d. 1862)
1801 1900
1808 β Maria Malibran, Spanish-French singer (d. 1836)
1809 β Mariano JosΓ© de Larra, Spanish journalist and writer (d. 1837)
1809 β Joseph Liouville, French mathematician (d. 1882)
1820 β A. E. Becquerel, French physicist (d. 1891)
1828 β Horace Gray, American jurist (d. 1902)
1829 β Ignacio Zaragoza, Mexican general (d. 1862)
1834 β William Morris, English writer and designer (d. 1896)
1843 β Princess Maria Annunciata of Bourbon-Two Sicilies (d. 1871)
1848 β HonorΓ© Beaugrand, Canadian politician, 18th Mayor of Montreal (d. 1906)
1851 β Jim Hogg, 21st Governor of Texas (d. 1906)
1855 β Andrew W. Mellon, 49th United States Secretary of the Treasury (d. 1937)
1863 β William Sherman Jennings, 18th Governor of Florida (d. 1920)
1869 β Emile Fabre, French playwright (d. 1955)
1874 β Harry Houdini, Hungarian-born magician (d. 1926)
1874 β Luigi Einaudi, 2nd President of Italy (d. 1961)
1878 β Alexey Novikov-Priboy, Russian writer (d. 1944)
1879 β Neyzen Tevfik, Turkish poet, satirist and performer (d. 1953)
1884 β Peter Debye, Dutch chemist (d. 1966)
1884 β Eugene Tisserant, French cardinal (d. 1972)
1886 β Edward Weston, American photographer (d. 1958)
1887 β Fatty Arbuckle, American actor (d. 1933)
1889 β Albert Hill, British athlete (d. 1969)
1890 β Agnes Macphail, Canadian politician (d. 1954)
1891 β Sergey Ivanovich Vavilov, Soviet physicist (d. 1951)
1892 β Marston Morse, American mathematician (d. 1977)
1893 β Walter Baade, German astronomer (d. 1960)
1896 β Franz BlΓΌcher, German politician (d. 1959)
1896 β George Sisler, American baseball player (d. 1973)
1897 β Wilhelm Reich, Austrian-born psychotherapist (d. 1957)
1901 1950
1901 β Ub Iwerks, American animator (d. 1971)
1902 β Thomas E. Dewey, American politician, 1948 Presidential candidate (d. 1971)
1903 β Adolf Butenandt, German chemist (d. 1995)
1903 β Malcolm Muggeridge, British author and scholar (d. 1990)
1906 β Klavdiya Shulzhenko, Soviet singer (d. 1984)
1907 β Paul SauvΓ©, Canadian politician, 17th Premier of Quebec (d. 1960)
1909 β Clyde Barrow, American outlaw (Bonnie and Clyde) (d. 1934)
1910 β Richard Conte, American actor (d. 1975)
1911 β Joseph Barbera, American cartoonist (d. 2006)
1912 β Dorothy Height, American activist (d. 2010)
1917 β John Kendrew, British molecular biologist (d. 1997)
1919 β Lawrence Ferlinghetti, American author and publisher
1921 β Vasily Smyslov, Russian chess player (d. 2010)
1923 β Murray Hamilton, American actor (d. 1986)
1924 β Norman Fell, American actor (d. 1998)
1926 β Dario Fo, Italian writer and playwright, winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature (d. 2016)
1926 β Desmond Connell, former cardinal-Archbishop of Dublin (d. 2017)
1927 β John Woodland Hastings, American photo biologist (d. 2014)
1927 β Martin Walser, German writer
1930 β David Dacko, President of the Central African Republic (d. 2003)
1930 β Steve McQueen, American actor (d. 1980)
1931 β Hanno Drechsler, German politician (d. 2003)
1933 β Shigeo Yaegashi, Japanese footballer (d. 2011)
1935 β Peret, Spanish singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2014)
1935 β Mary Berry, British cookery writer and television presenter
1937 β Lynn Borden, American actress (d. 2015)
1938 β Jean-Pierre Coffe, French radio and television presenter, food critic and author (d. 2016)
1938 β David Irving, British historian
1942 - Stephen Yardley, British actor
1944 β Vojislav Kostunica, former Prime Minister of Serbia
1945 β Robert Bakker, American paleontologist
1945 β Curtis Hanson, American movie director (d. 2016)
1946 β Klaus Dinger, German musician (d. 2008)
1947 β Archie Gemmill, Scottish footballer
1947 β Christine Gregoire, American politician, Governor of Washington
1947 β Alan Sugar, British businessman
1948 β Jerzy Kukuczka, Polish mountaineer (d. 1989)
1949 β Ruud Krol, Dutch footballer
1949 β Ranil Wickremesinghe, 13th Prime Minister of Sri Lanka
1949 β Ali Akbar Salehi, Iranian academic and politician
1951 1975
1951 β Tommy Hilfiger, American fashion designer
1951 β Pat Bradley, American golfer
1951 β Dougie Thomson, British bassist
1953 β Anita L. Allen, American lawyer, philosopher and academic
1953 β Louie Anderson, American comedian, actor and game show host
1954 β Robert Carradine, American actor
1955 β Doug Jarvis, Canadian ice hockey player
1955 β Pat Price, Canadian ice hockey player
1956 β Steve Ballmer, American entrepreneur, President of Microsoft
1957 β Mike Weir, Scottish politician
1958 β Roland Koch, German politician
1960 β Nena, German singer
1960 β Kelly LeBrock, American model and actress
1960 β Yasser Seirawan, Syrian-American chess player
1960 β Grayson Perry, English artist
1961 β Yanis Varoufakis, Greek economist and politician
1963 β Vadym Tyshchenko, Ukrainian footballer (d. 2015)
1968 β Minarti Timur, Indonesian badminton player
1969 β Luis Oliveira, Brazilian-Belgian footballer
1970 β Lara Flynn Boyle, American actress
1970 β Sharon Corr, Irish musician
1970 β Judith Draxler, Austrian swimmer
1972 β Christophe Dugarry, French footballer
1973 β Philippe Boucher, Canadian ice hockey player
1973 β Steve Corica, Australian footballer
1973 β Jacek Bak, Polish footballer
1973 β Jim Parsons, American actor
1974 β Alyson Hannigan, American actress
1975 β Krisdayanti, Indonesian singer and actress
1975 β Thomas Johansson, Swedish tennis player
From 1976
1976 β Angellica Bell, English television presenter
1976 β Peyton Manning, American football player
1977 β Jessica Chastain, American actress
1978 β Tomas Ujfalusi, Czech footballer
1979 β Graeme Swann, English cricketer
1982 β Corey Hart, American baseball player
1983 β Alexei Eremenko, Russian-Finnish footballer
1983 β T. J. Ford, American basketball player
1984 β Benoit Assou-Ekotto, Cameroonian-French footballer
1984 β Adrian D'Souza, Indian field hockey player
1985 β Haruka Ayase, Japanese actress
1985 β Sayako Hirano, Japanese table tennis player
1986 β Nathalia Dill, Brazilian actress
1987 β Ramires, Brazilian footballer
1987 β Shakib Al Hasan, Bangladeshi cricketer
1989 β Pascal Berger, Swiss ice hockey player
1990 β Keisha Castle-Hughes, Australian-New Zealand actress
1990 β Libby Clegg, Scottish runner
1998 β Isabel Suckling, English singer
Deaths
Up to 1900
1284 β King Hugh III of Cyprus (b. 1235)
1381 β Catherine of Vadstena, Swedish saint (b. 1332)
1455 β Pope Nicholas V (b. 1394)
1563 β Hosokawa Harumoto, Japanese military leader (b. 1514)
1603 β Queen Elizabeth I of England (b. 1533)
1653 β Samuel Scheidt, German composer (b. 1587)
1773 β Philip Dormer Stanhope, English statesman (b. 1694)
1776 β John Harrison, English inventor and clockmaker (b. 1693)
1844 β Bertel Thorvaldsen, Danish sculptor (b. 1770)
1860 β Ii Naosuke, Japanese politician (b. 1815)
1881 β Achille Ernest Oscar Joseph Delesse, French geologist and mineralogist (b. 1817)
1882 β Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, American writer (b. 1807)
1887 β Ivan Kramskoi, Russian painter and art critic (b. 1837)
1888 β Vsevolod Garshin, Russian writer (b. 1855)
1901 2000
1905 β Jules Verne, French writer (b. 1828)
1909 β John Millington Synge, Irish playwright (b. 1871)
1915 β Margaret Lindsay Huggins, Irish astronomer (b. 1848)
1915 β Karol Olszewski, Polish scientist (b. 1846)
1916 β Enrique Granados, Spanish composer (b. 1867)
1926 β Phan Chu Trinh, Vietnamese nationalist (b. 1872)
1939 β Gwyn Nicholls, Welsh rugby player (b. 1874)
1940 β Edouard Branly, French inventor and physicist (b. 1844)
1946 β Alexander Alekhine, Russian chess player (b. 1892)
1948 β Sigrid HjertΓ©n, Swedish painter (b. 1885)
1950 β James Rudolph Garfield, American politician (b. 1865)
1953 β Mary of Teck, Queen Consort of George V of the United Kingdom (b. 1867)
1962 β Auguste Piccard, Swiss physicist and explorer (b. 1884)
1971 β Arne Jacobsen, Danish architect and designer (b. 1902)
1976 β Bernard Montgomery, British field marshal (b. 1887)
1980 β Oscar Romero, El Salvadorean archbishop (b. 1917)
1984 β Sam Jaffe, American actor (b. 1891)
1991 β Sir John Kerr, 18th Governor General of Australia (b. 1914)
1993 β Albert Allen, Australian pianist, composer, actor and director (b. 1905)
1995 β Joseph Needham, British academic (b. 1900)
1999 β Gertrud Scholtz-Klink, German women's activist (b. 1902)
From 2001
2002 β CΓ©sar Milstein, Argentine scientist (b. 1927)
2008 β Richard Widmark, American actor (b. 1914)
2009 β George Kell, American baseball player and sportscaster (b. 1922)
2010 β Robert Culp, American actor (b. 1930)
2012 β Jocky Wilson, Scottish darts player (b. 1950)
2014 β Paulo Schroeber, Brazilian guitarist (b. 1973)
2014 β Robert F. Coleman, American mathematician (b. 1954)
2014 β Rodney Wilkes, Trinidadian weightlifter (b. 1925)
2015 β Yehuda Avner, Israeli diplomat (b. 1928)
2015 β Deaths in the Germanwings Flight 9525 crash:
Oleg Bryjak, Kazakh-German opera singer (b. 1960)
Maria Radner, German opera singer (b. 1981)
Andreas Lubitz, German co-pilot (b. 1987)
2015 β Moncef Ben Salem, Tunisian politician (b. 1953)
2015 β Richard Butson, Canadian explorer and physician (b. 1922)
2016 β Johan Cruyff, Dutch footballer (b. 1947)
2016 β Garry Shandling, American actor and comedian (b. 1949)
2016 β Roger Cicero, German jazz singer and musician (b. 1970)
2016 β Maggie Blye, American actress (b. 1942)
2016 β Marie-Claire Kirkland, Canadian politician and judge (b. 1924)
2016 β Esther Herlitz, Israeli diplomat and politician (b. 1921)
2016 β Earl Hamner, Jr., American television writer and producer (b. 1923)
2016 β Tibor R. Machan, Hungarian-American philosopher and journalist (b. 1939)
2016 β Leonard L. Northrup Jr., American engineer (b. 1918)
2017 β Hubert Hammerer, Austrian sports shooter (b. 1924)
2017 β Leo Peelen, Dutch track cyclist (b. 1968)
2017 β Jean Rouverol, American actress (b. 1916)
2017 β Peter Shotton, English musician and businessman (b. 1941)
2017 β Avo Uvezian, Lebanese-American jazz pianist, songwriter and cigar manufacturer (b. 1926)
2020 β William Dufris, American voice actor and audiobook narrator (b. 1958)
Observances
World Tuberculosis Day
Day of Remembrance for Truth and Justice (Argentina)
Days of the year |
8723 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/May%2012 | May 12 |
Events
Up to 1900
254 - Pope Stephen I succeeds Pope Lucius I, becoming the 23rd Pope of the Roman Catholic Church.
304 - Roman Emperor Diocletian orders the beheading of the 14-year-old Pancras of Rome.
907 - China: Zhu Wen forces Emperor Ai into abdicating (giving up) the throne, ending Tang Dynasty rule after almost 300 years.
1191 β Richard I of England marries Berengaria of Navarre.
1264 β The Battle of Lewes, between King Henry III of England and the rebel Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester, begins.
1328 β Antipope Nicholas V, a claimant to the papacy, is consecrated in Rome by the Bishop of Venice.
1364 β Jagiellonian University in Cracow, the oldest university in Poland, was founded in Cracow, Poland.
1551 β National University of San Marcos, the oldest university in South America, was founded in Lima, Peru.
1588 β French Wars of Religion: Henry III of France flees Paris after Henry of Guise enters the city.
1689 β King William's War: William III of England joins the League of Augsburg starting a war with France.
1743 - Maria Theresa of Austria is crowned Queen of Bohemia.
1780 β American Revolutionary War: Charleston, South Carolina is taken by British forces.
1797 β First Coalition: Napoleon I of France conquers Venice.
1821 - in Valtetsi, the first major battle of the Greek War of Independence is fought against the Turks.
1864 β American Civil War: Battle of Spotsylvania Court House: Thousands of Union and Confederate soldiers die in "the Bloody Angle".
1865 - American Civil War: Battle of Palmito Ranch - The Confederacy wins the last major land battle of the war, despite being on the losing side in the war as a whole.
1870 β The Manitoba Act was given the Royal Assent, paving the way for Manitoba to become a province of Canada on July 15.
1873 β Oscar II of Sweden-Norway is crowned King of Sweden.
1881 β In North Africa, Tunisia becomes a French protectorate.
1885 β North-West Rebellion: The four-day Battle of Batoche, pitting rebel French Canadians against the Canadian government, comes to an end with a decisive rebel defeat.
1890 β The first-ever official County Championship match begins. Yorkshire beat Gloucestershire by eight wickets at Bristol. George Ulyett scores the first century in the competition.
1901 2000
1925 β Paul von Hindenburg becomes President of Germany.
1926 β UK General Strike 1926: In the United Kingdom, a nine-day general strike by trade unions ends.
1926 - Italian airship Norge flies over the North Pole, as the first aircraft to do so.
1931 β The body of geologist Alfred Wegener is found in Greenland, more than six months after he went missing.
1932 β Ten weeks after his abduction, the infant son of Charles Lindbergh is found dead in Hopewell, New Jersey just a few miles from the Lindbergh's home.
1937 β Coronation of King George VI of Britain at Westminster Abbey.
1941 - Konrad Zuse presents the Z3, the world's first programmable, fully automatic, computer in Berlin.
1942 - World War II: US tanker Virginia is torpedoed at the mouth of the Mississippi River by German U-boat U-507.
1942 β World War II: Second Battle of Kharkov β In the eastern Ukraine, the Soviet Army initiates a major offensive. During the battle, the Soviets capture the city of Kharkov from the German Army, only to be encircled and destroyed.
1943 β In Hunan, China, Japanese Imperial Army officers commit the massacre of Chiangjiang, killing 30,000 civilians.
1948 - Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands announces that she is to abdicate the throne in September, when her daughter becomes Queen Juliana of the Netherlands.
1949 - Western occupying powers approve the basic law for the new German state, the Federal Republic of Germany.
1949 β Cold War: The Soviet Union lifts its Blockade of Berlin.
1955 - Austria regains its independence after Allied occupation.
1958 β A formal North American Aerospace Defense Command agreement is signed between the United States and Canada.
1962 β Douglas MacArthur delivers his famous "Duty, Honor, Country" valedictory speech at West Point.
1965 β The Soviet spacecraft Luna 5 crashes on the Moon.
1966 β Busch Memorial Stadium, home of the St. Louis Cardinals major league baseball team, opens in St. Louis, Missouri.
1967 β At Queen Elizabeth Hall, England, Pink Floyd stages the first-ever quadraphonic rock concert.
1972 β The Rolling Stones release Exile on Main St., often considered their best album.
1975 β MayagΓΌez incident: The Cambodian navy seizes the American merchant ship SS Mayaguez in international waters.
1978 β In Zaire, rebels occupy the city of Kolwezi, the mining center of the province of Shaba. The government of Zaire asks the U.S., France and Belgium to restore order.
1989 - A Southern Pacific Railroad freight train derails on Duffy Street on the very steep Cajon Pass in San Bernardino, California.
1990 - As the previous claim of Shigechiyo Izumi is no longer considered, Jeanne Calment is already considered to have become the oldest-recorded human ever on this date, more than five years earlier than previously thought.
1998 - Four students are shot at Trisakti University in Indonesia, leading to widespread riots and the resignation, on May 21, of President Suharto, who had ruled the country for over 30 years.
1999 β David Steel becomes the first Presiding Officer (speaker) of the modern Scottish Parliament.
2000 β The Tate Modern art gallery opens in London.
From 2001
2001 β In Copenhagen, Denmark, Tanel Padar & Dave Benton win the forty-sixth Eurovision Song Contest for Estonia singing "Everybody".
2002 β Former US President Jimmy Carter arrives in Cuba for a five-day visit with Fidel Castro becoming first President of the United States, in or out of office, to visit the island since Castro's 1959 revolution.
2003 β International Development Secretary Clare Short resigns from the British government over the Iraq War.
2003 β The Riyadh compound bombings are carried out by Al-Qaeda. 26 people are killed.
2006 - Mass unrest in the Primeiro Comando de Capital begins in SΓ£o Paulo, Brazil, leaving at least 150 people dead.
2007 - Riots in Karachi, Pakistan, kill at least 50 people.
2007 β Marija Serifovic wins the 52nd Eurovision Song Contest for Serbia in Helsinki, Finland.
2008 β A major earthquake occurs in China's Sichuan province, killing thousands of people.
2010 β An Afriqiyah Airlines plane crashes in Tripoli, Libya. 103 are killed, and only one survives.
2010 - The Unity Bridge over the Rovuma River, linking Tanzania and Mozambique, opens.
2015 - A magnitude 7.3 earthquake hits Nepal, two weeks after one of slightly higher magnitude had killed over 8,000 people. Casualties are reported in Nepal, India, China and Bangladesh.
2017 - The WannaCry ransomware cyber attack affects computer systems around the world.
2018 - Israel's Netta Barzilai wins the 63rd Eurovision Song Contest in Lisbon, Portugal; United Kingdom entrant SuRie was interrupted by a stage invasion during her performance.
2019 - Liverpool F.C. set a record points total for a second-placed team in the English Premier League, as their 97 points amount to one less than the 98 points of champions Manchester City F.C..
Births
Up to 1900
1401 β Emperor Shoko of Japan (d. 1428)
1496 β King Gustav I of Sweden (d. 1560)
1590 β Cosimo II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (d. 1621)
1622 β Louis de Buade de Frontenac, Governor-General of New France (d. 1698)
1626 - Louis Hennepin, Flemish priest and missionary (d. 1705)
1670 β Augustus II the Strong, King of Poland (d. 1733)
1700 - Luigi Vanvitelli, Italian engineer and architect (d. 1773)
1725 - Louis Philippe I, Duke of Orleans (d. 1785)
1754 - Franz Anton Hoffmeister, German composer and publisher (d. 1812)
1755 - Giovanni Battista Viotti, Italian violinist (d. 1824)
1767 β Manuel de Godoy, Spanish statesman (d. 1851)
1794 - George Cathcart, British general (d. 1854)
1803 β Justus Liebig, German chemist (d. 1873)
1804 - Robert Baldwin, Canadian lawyer and politician (d. 1858)
1806 β Johan Vilhelm Snellman, Finnish statesman (d. 1881)
1809 - Robert Charles Winthrop, American politician (d. 1894)
1812 β Edward Lear, English writer, artist and poet (d. 1888)
1814 β Adolf von Henselt, German composer and pianist (d. 1889)
1820 β Florence Nightingale, British nurse (d. 1910)
1823 - John Russell Hind, British astronomer (d. 1895)
1823 - Frederik Vermehren, Danish painter (d. 1910)
1825 - OrΓ©lie-Antoine de Tounens, French lawyer and explorer (d. 1878)
1828 β Dante Gabriel Rossetti, British painter (d. 1882)
1829 - Pavlos Carrer, Greek composer (d. 1896)
1840 - Alejandro Gorostiaga, Chilean military officer (d. 1912)
1842 - Jules Massenet, French composer (d. 1912)
1845 β Gabriel Faure, French composer (d. 1924)
1850 β Henry Cabot Lodge, American statesman (d. 1924)
1851 - Joseph Toole, Governor of Montana (d. 1929)
1867 - Frank Brangwyn, British artist (d. 1956)
1872 - Anton Korosic, Slovenian politician, 10th Prime Minister of Yugoslavia (d. 1940)
1875 - Charles Holden, English architect (d. 1960)
1880 β Lincoln Ellsworth, American polar explorer and pilot (d. 1951)
1885 β Mario Sironi, Italian painter (d. 1961)
1886 - Ernst A. Lehmann, German captain (d. 1937)
1889 β Otto Frank, father of Anne Frank (d. 1980)
1889 - Abelardo L. RodrΓguez, President of Mexico (d. 1967)
1892 - William Preston Lane, Jr., Governor of Maryland (d. 1967)
1895 β Jiddu Krishnamurti, Indian philosopher, writer and spiritual teacher (d. 1986)
1895 β William Giauque, American chemist (d. 1982)
1899 β Indra Devi, Latvian-born Yoga teacher (d. 2002)
1900 β Helene Weigel, Austrian-German actress (d. 1971)
1901 1950
1903 - Lennox Berkeley, English composer (d. 1989)
1907 β Katharine Hepburn, American actress (d. 2003)
1908 - Alejandro Scopelli, Argentine-born Italian footballer (d. 1987)
1910 β Johan Ferrier, first President of Suriname (d. 2010)
1910 β Dorothy Hodgkin, British biochemist (d. 1994)
1910 β Giulietta Simionato, Italian opera singer (d. 2010)
1913 - Igor Bondarevsky, Russian chess player (d. 1979)
1915 β FrΓ¨re Roger, Swiss religious leader (d. 2005)
1918 - Mary Kay Ash, American businesswoman (d. 2001)
1918 β Julius Rosenberg, American, convicted of spying for the Soviet Union (d. 1953)
1920 - VilΓ©m Flusser, Czech-Brazilian philosopher, writer and journalist (d. 1991)
1921 - Joseph Beuys, German artist (d. 1986)
1921 - Farley Mowat, Canadian environmentalist and author (d. 2014)
1921 - Giovanni Benelli, Italian cardinal (d. 1982)
1922 - Roy Salvadori, English racing driver (d. 2012)
1922 - Murray Gershenz, American actor (d. 2013)
1922 - Marco Denevi, Argentine writer (d. 1998)
1924 β Tony Hancock, British comedian (d. 1968)
1924 - Alexander Esenin-Volpin, Russian-American mathematician (d. 2016)
1925 - Yogi Berra, American baseball player and manager (d. 2015)
1926 - James Samuel Coleman, American sociologist (d. 1995)
1926 - Viren J. Shah, Indian politician, 21st Governor of West Bengal (d. 2013)
1928 - Burt Bacharach, American pianist and composer
1929 β Sam Nujoma, first, and former, President of Namibia
1929 - Dollard St. Laurent, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2015)
1929 - Agnes Heller, Hungarian philosopher
1930 - JesΓΊs Franco, Spanish director and screenwriter (d. 2013)
1930 β Manuel Marulanda, Colombian guerrilla (d. 2008)
1932 - Derek Malcolm, British movie critic and historian
1933 β Andrey Voznesensky, Russian poet (d. 2010)
1935 - Hoss Ellington, American NASCAR driver (d. 2014)
1935 β Gary Peacock, American jazz musician
1935 - Johnny Bucyk, Canadian ice hockey player
1936 β Frank Stella, American painter and sculptor
1936 β Tom Snyder, American television personality (d. 2007)
1936 β Guillermo Endara, President of Panama (d. 2009)
1937 - George Carlin, American stand-up comedian (d. 2008)
1937 - Beryl Burton, English cyclist (d. 1996)
1937 - Miriam Stoppard, English doctor, author and broadcaster
1938 - Andrei Amalrik, Russian historian, publicist, writer and dissident (d. 1980)
1939 - Reg Gasnier, Australian rugby league player (d. 2014)
1939 β Ron Ziegler, American White House Press Secretary (d. 2003)
1939 β Jalal Dabagh, Kurdish politician, writer and journalist
1942 β Ian Dury, British singer (d. 2000)
1944 - Chris Patten, British politician, last British Governor of Hong Kong
1945 - Alan Ball, Jr., English footballer (d. 2007)
1945 - Ian McLagan, English-American singer-songwriter and keyboardist (d. 2014)
1946 β Gareth Evans, British philosopher
1947 β Michael Ignatieff, Canadian politician
1948 - John Blackley, Scottish footballer
1948 β Ivan Kral, Czech-American musician
1948 β Steve Winwood, British musician
1948 β David Heineman, American politician, 39th Governor of Nebraska
1948 - Joe Tasker, English mountaineer (d. 1982)
1950 β Gabriel Byrne, Irish actor
1950 - Helena Kennedy, English judge and politician
1950 - Jenni Murray, English journalist and broadcaster
1950 - Renate Stecher, German athlete
1951 1975
1954 β Fridrik Thor Fridriksson, Icelandic movie director
1958 β Eric Singer, American musician (KISS)
1961 - Jennifer Armstrong, American author
1961 - Billy Duffy, English guitarist and songwriter
1962 β Emilio Estevez, American actor
1962 - Brett Gurewitz, American guitarist and songwriter
1962 - April Grace, American actress
1963 β Stefano Modena, Italian racing driver
1963 - Panagiotis Fasoulas, Greek basketball player and politician
1963 - Gavin Hood, South African actor, director, producer and screenwriter
1966 - Stephen Baldwin, American actor
1966 β Bebel Gilberto, Brazilian singer
1967 - Paul D'Amour, American singer and musician
1967 - Bill Shorten, Australian politician
1968 β Tony Hawk, American skateboarder
1968 β Catherine Tate, British comedienne
1969 - Kevin Nalty, American comedian and blogger
1970 β Mark Foster, British swimmer
1970 β Samantha Mathis, American actress
1974 - Marc Capdevila, Spanish swimmer
1974 - Taraneh Javanbakht, Iranian poet, writer, artist, scientist and activist
1975 β Jonah Lomu, New Zealand rugby player (d. 2015)
From 1976
1977 β Graeme Dott, Scottish snooker player
1978 β Aya Ishiguro, Japanese singer (Morning Musume)
1978 - Jason Biggs, American actor
1978 - Josh Phelps, American baseball player
1980 β Felipe Lopez, Puerto Rican baseball player
1981 - Kentaro Sato, Japanese-American composer and conductor
1981 - Rami Malek, American actor
1981 - Lorena Bernal, Argentine-Spanish model and actress
1983 β Charilaos Pappas, Greek footballer
1983 β Alina Kabayeva, Russian gymnast
1983 - Yujiro Kushida, Japanese professional wrestler
1983 - Francisco Javier Torres, Mexican footballer
1984 - Tommaso Reato, Italian rugby player
1984 - Justin Williams, American basketball player
1985 - Andrew Howe, Italian athlete
1986 - Jonathan Orozco, Mexican footballer
1986 β Emily VanCamp, Canadian actress
1987 - Robbie Rogers, American soccer player
1988 β Marcelo Vieira, Brazilian footballer
1992 - Erik Durm, German footballer
1992 β Malcolm David Kelley, American actor
1995 β Luke Benward, American actor
1995 - Sawyer Sweeten, American actor (d. 2015)
1995 - Sullivan Sweeten, American actor
2003 β Madeleine McCann, missing since 2007
Deaths
Up to 1900
1003 β Pope Silvester II
1012 β Pope Sergius IV
1182 β Valdemar I of Denmark (b. 1131)
1382 β Queen Joan I of Naples (b. 1327)
1465 β Thomas Palaeologus, titular Byzantine Emperor (b. 1409)
1641 β Thomas Wentworth, Earl of Strafford (b. 1593)
1684 β Edme Mariotte (b. 1620), French physicist and priest
1700 β John Dryden, English writer (b. 1631)
1708 β Adolf Friedrich of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (b. 1658)
1784 - Abraham Trembley, Swiss naturalist (b. 1710)
1796 - Johann Peter Uz, German poet (b. 1720)
1845 β JΓ‘nos Bacsanyi, Hungarian poet (b. 1763)
1856 - Jacques Philippe Marie Binet, French mathematician, physicist and astronomer (b. 1786)
1859 β Sergei Aksakov, Russian writer (b. 1791)
1860 - Charles Barry, English architect (b. 1795)
1864 - J.E.B. Stuart, American general (b. 1833)
1867 β Friedrich William Eduard Gerhard, German archaeologist (b. 1795)
1876 - Georgi Benkovski, Bulgarian revolutionary (b. 1843)
1884 β BedΕich Smetana, Czech composer (b. 1824)
1889 β John Cadbury, English chocolate entrepreneur (b. 1801)
1890 - Frances Parthenope Vernay, sister of Florence Nightingale (b. 1819)
1901 2000
1907 β Joris-Karl Huysmans, French writer (b. 1848)
1913 - Enriqueta Marti, Spanish serial killer and kidnapper of children (b. 1868)
1916 β James Connolly, Irish socialist and Easter Rising leader (b. 1868)
1925 β Amy Lowell, poet (b. 1874)
1935 β JΓ³zef PiΕsudski, Polish statesman (b. 1867)
1944 β Max Brand, writer (b. 1892)
1944 β Q, British writer (b. 1863)
1956 β Louis Calhern, movie actor (b. 1895)
1957 β Erich von Stroheim, movie director and actor (b. 1885)
1957 - Alfonso de Portago, Spanish bobsledder and racing driver (b. 1928)
1963 β Bobby Kerr, Canadian runner (b. 1882)
1966 - Felix Martin Julius Steiner, German SS officer (b. 1896)
1967 β John Masefield, British writer (b. 1878)
1970 β Nelly Sachs, German writer (b. 1891)
1971 β Heinie Manush, American Baseball Hall of Famer (b. 1901)
1973 β Frances Marion, American screenwriter and director (b. 1888)
1978 - Robert Coogan, American actor (b. 1924)
1985 β Jean Dubuffet, painter (b. 1901)
1986 β Elisabeth Bergner, actress (b. 1897)
1986 β Alicia Moreau de Justo, Argentine physician, politician, pacifist and activist (b. 1885)
1992 β Robert Reed, actor (b. 1932)
1994 β John Smith, British politician (b. 1938)
1994 - Erik Erikson, German psychoanalyst (b. 1902)
1995 - Mia Martini, Italian singer-songwriter and actress (b. 1942)
2000 β Adam Petty, race car driver (b. 1980)
From 2001
2001 β Perry Como, singer (b. 1912)
2001 - Alexei Tupolev, Russian aircraft designer (b. 1925)
2002 - Joseph Bonanno, Italian-American gangster (b. 1905)
2003 β Sadruddin Aga Khan, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, 1965 β 1977
2005 β Monica Zetterlund, Swedish actress and singer (b. 1937)
2006 - Hussein Maziq, Prime Minister of Libya (b. 1918)
2008 β Irena Sendler, Polish humanitarian (b. 1910)
2008 - Robert Rauschenberg, American painter (b. 1925)
2009 β Antonio Vega, Spanish singer (b. 1957)
2013 - Gerd Langguth, German professor of political science (b. 1946)
2013 - Constantino Romero, Spanish actor (b. 1947)
2014 - Jacinto Convit, Venezuelan doctor and scientist (b. 1913)
2014 - H. R. Giger, Swiss artist (b. 1940)
2014 - Sarat Pujari, Indian actor, director and movie producer (b. 1934)
2014 - Lorenzo Zambrano, Spanish businessman, CEO of CEMEX (b. 1944)
2014 - Marco CΓ©, Italian cardinal (b. 1925)
2014 - Cornell Borchers, Lithuanian-German actress (b. 1925)
2014 - Nash the Slash, Canadian musician (b. 1948)
2015 - Peter Gay, German-American psychohistorian (b. 1923)
2015 - Suchitra Bhattacharya, Indian novelist (b. 1950)
2015 - William Zinsser, American writer (b. 1922)
2015 - William MacDonald, English-Australian serial killer (b. 1924)
2016 - Prince Alexander of Yugoslavia (b. 1924)
2016 - Susannah Mushatt Jones, American supercentenarian (b. 1899)
2016 - Mike Agostini, Trinidadian sprinter (b. 1935)
2016 - Julius La Rosa, American pop singer (b. 1930)
2016 - Del Latta, American politician (b. 1920)
2016 - Yukio Ninagawa, Japanese film and theatre director (b. 1935)
2016 - Georges Sesia, French footballer (b. 1924)
2017 - Antonio Candido, Brazilian literary critic and sociologist (b. 1918)
2017 - Mauno Koivisto, 10th President of Finland (b. 1923)
2017 - Yale Lary, American football player, businessman and politician (b. 1930)
2017 - Henri Termeer, Dutch-American biotechnology expert (b. 1946)
2017 - Yu So-chow, Chinese actress (b. 1930)
2017 - Amotz Zahavi, Israeli evolutionary biologist (b. 1928)
2018 - Will Alsop, English architect (b. 1947)
2018 - Tessa Jowell, English politician (b. 1947)
2018 - Antonio Mercero, Spanish film and television director (b. 1936)
2018 - Dennis Nilsen, Scottish serial killer (b. 1945)
2018 - Kevin Tierney, Irish-Canadian film producer (b. 1950)
2018 - Donald Gary Young, American business executive (b. 1950)
2018 - Chuck Knox, American football coach (b. 1932)
2019 - HΓ©ctor Enrique Olivares, Argentine politician (b. 1958)
2019 - Nasrallah Boutros Sfeir, Lebanese Maronite cardinal (b. 1920)
2019 - Alan Skirton, English footballer (b. 1939)
2019 - Hiralal Yadav, Indian folk singer (b. 1925)
Observances
International Nurses' Day, in honour of Florence Nightingale
Johan Vilhelm Snellman Day (Finland)
Days of the year |
8724 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1907 | 1907 | 1907 (MCMVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar.
Events
January 6 β Maria Montessori opens her first school and daycare center for working class children in Rome (Casa dei Bambini in San Lorenzo).
January 14 β An earthquake in Kingston, Jamaica kills more than 1,000.
January 23 β Charles Curtis from Kansas, becomes the first Native American US Senator.
Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran, French doctor, won in 1907 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Rudyard Kipling awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature.
Births
May 12β Katharine Hepburn, American actress
May 14 β Edythe Wright, American singer
May 22 β HergΓ©, Belgiun cartoonist
June 16 - Jack Albertson, American actor, singer, musician, comedian, and dancer (d. 1981)
August 8 β Benny Carter, American jazz saxophonist, composer, arranger and bandleader
September 29 β Gene Autry American actor
October 5 β Mrs. Miller, singer (d. 1997)
November 15 β Claus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg, German army officer during World War Two (d. 1944)
December 25 β Cab Calloway
Deaths
January 31 β Timothy Eaton, Canadian department store founder (b. 1834)
February 2 β Dmitri Mendeleev, Russian chemist (b. 1834)
February 16 β Giosue Carducci, Italian writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1835)
February 16 β ClΓ©mentine of OrlΓ©ans, daughter of King Louis-Philippe of France (b. 1817)
February 20 β Henri Moissan, French chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1852)
February 26 β C. W. Alcock, English footballer, journalist, and football promoter (b. 1842)
March 19 β Thomas Bailey Aldrich, American poet and novelist (b. 1836)
May 12 β Joris-Karl Huysmans, French writer (b. 1848)
August 15 β Joseph Joachim, Austrian violinist (b. 1831)
August 16 β James Hector, Scottish geologist (b. 1834)
September 4 β Edvard Grieg, Norwegian composer (b. 1843)
September 6 β Sully Prudhomme, French writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1829)
November 16 β Robert I, Duke of Parma, last ruling Duke of Parma (b. 1848)
November 28 β StanisΕaw WyspiaΕski, Polish writer, painter, and architect (b. 1869)
December 8 β King Oscar II of Sweden (b. 1829)
December 17 β Lord Kelvin, Irish-born physicist and engineer (b. 1824) |
8725 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/December%2018 | December 18 |
Events
Up to 1900
218 BC β Battle of the Trebia, Hannibal's first great victory over the Roman Republic.
1271 - Kublai Khan renames his Empire Yuan.
1352 β Innocent VI is elected Pope.
1622 - Portuguese forces score a military victory over the Kingdom of Kongo at the Battle of Mbumbi in present-day Angola.
1642 β Abel Tasman lands at Mohua Golden Bay becoming the first European in New Zealand.
1644 - Christina of Sweden reaches the age 18, allowing her to govern alone.
1776 β North Carolina's Constitution is ratified.
1777 - The United States celebrates it first Thanksgiving Day. The holiday is nowadays celebrated in late November.
1787 β New Jersey becomes the third state to ratify the United States Constitution.
1793 - Surrender of the frigate La Lutine by French Royalists to Lord Samuel Hood.
1865 β Slavery is abolished in the United States, with the passing of the 13th Amendment.
1867 - The last coach of a Lake Shore Railway train derails, plunges down a gully and catches fire in Angola, New York, killing 49 people.
1878 - The Al-Thani family takes over the government of Qatar.
1878 - French passenger steamer Byzantin collides with British steamer Rinaldo and sinks in a storm in the Dardanelles, Turkey, killing 150 people.
1884 - Swedish newspaper Svenska Dagbladet is published for the first time.
1888 - Richard Wetherill and his brother-in-law discover the ancient Native American ruins of Cliff Palace in Mesa Verde.
1892 β Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's Nutcracker Suite premiers in St. Petersburg.
1894 β Women in South Australia become the first in Australia to gain the right to vote and to be elected to Parliament.
1898 - Gaston de Chasseloup-Laubat sets the officially recognized land-speed record of 39,245 miles per hour (63,159 kilometers per hour) in Jeantaud electric car.
1901 2000
1912 β Piltdown Man is "discovered". It is later revealed to be a hoax.
1914 β Egypt becomes a British Protectorate.
1916 β The Battle of Verdun ends in World War I.
1917 - The United States Congress passes the 18th Amendment to the United States Constitution, to enact prohibition of alcohol.
1921 - Soccer: Poland plays its first-ever match, losing 1-0 to Hungary.
1925 - AntΓ³nio Maria da Silva becomes the last Prime Minister of the First Portuguese Republic.
1926 β The Makropulos Affair, an opera by the Czech composer LeoΕ‘ JanΓ‘Δek, premieres in Brno, the Czech Republic.
1932 - The Chicago Bears defeat the Portsmouth Spartans 9-0 in the first-ever NFL championship game in Chicago.
1939 - World War II: The Battle of Heligoland Bight, the first major air battle of the war, begins.
1944 β The first edition of the French newspaper Le Monde is published.
1944 β Typhoon Cobra hits the island of Luzon in the Philippines, killing 790 people.
1956 β Japan joins the UN.
1958 β Niger becomes an autonomous state within the French Community on December 4, 1958, after the establishment of the Fifth French Republic. Following full independence on August 3, 1960, however, membership was allowed to lapse.
1958 - Project SCORE, the world's first communications satellite, is launched.
1961 β Indonesia invades New Guinea to annex western New Guinea, formerly known as Netherlands New Guinea.
1961 - Indian troops enter the then-Portuguese colonies of Goa and Daman and Diu, leading to them becoming part of India.
1965 β Japan and South Korea begin formal relations
1966 β Saturn's moon Epimetheus is discovered by Richard L. Walker, and then lost for 12 years
1969 β Capital punishment is ended in the United Kingdom.
1971 - The Capitol Reef National Park is created in Utah.
1971 - Alaska: The Alaska Native Claims Settlements Act takes effect.
1973 β The Soyuz 13 is launched.
1975 - Louis Sylvain Goma becomes Prime Minister of the Republic of the Congo.
1978 β Dominica joins the UN.
1990 - International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families is adopted.
1992 β Kim Young-sam is elected President of South Korea, ending a period of military rule.
1995 - A Lockheed L-188 Electra of Congolese Trans Service Airlift airline crashes shortly after take-off from Jumba, Angola, killing 141 people, with 3 surviving the crash.
1996 β "Ebonics" is declared a language or dialect by the outgoing school board of Oakland, California, whose vote was overturned by the incoming board.
1997 - Kim Dae Jung is elected President of South Korea.
1997 β HTML 4.0 is released by the World Wide Web Consortium.
From 2001
2002 β The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers, the second movie in Peter Jackson's The Lord of the Rings movie trilogy, opens in theaters.
2002 β California Governor Gray Davis announces that the state would face a record budget deficit of $35 billion, roughly double the figure reported during his reelection campaign one month earlier; the budget issue was used to support his 2003 recall from office.
2003 β The Simple English Wikipedia begins using the MediaWiki software.
2005 - Civil war begins in Chad.
2005 - Evo Morales is elected President of Bolivia.
2006 - Flooding begins in Malaysia, which will result in 118 deaths.
2006 - The United Arab Emirates holds its first elections.
2017 - Sebastian Kurz becomes Chancellor of Austria, leading a right-wing coalition government.
2019 - The United States House of Representatives votes for the first impeachment of Donald Trump.
Births
Up to 1900
1392 - John VIII Palaeologus, Byzantine Emperor (d. 1448)
1418 - Albert VI, Archduke of Austria (d. 1463)
1575 - Michelangelo Galilei, Italian composer (d. 1631)
1626 β Christina of Sweden (d. 1689)
1661 β Christopher Polhem, Swedish scientist and inventor (d. 1751)
1662 - James Douglas, 2nd Duke of Queensberry, Scottish politician (d. 1711)
1707 - Charles Wesley, English hymn composer (d. 1788)
1718 - Grand Duchess Anna Leopoldovna of Russia (d. 1746)
1734 - Jean-Baptiste Rey, French conductor and composer (d. 1810)
1768 - Marie-Guillemine Benoist, French painter (d. 1826)
1778 β Joseph Grimaldi, English clown (d. 1837)
1788 - Camille Pleyel, French pianist (d. 1855)
1803 - William Allen, 31st Governor of Ohio (d. 1879)
1824 - John Hall, 12th Prime Minister of New Zealand (d. 1907)
1825 - Charles Griffin, American general (d. 1876)
1828 - Viktor Rydberg, Swedish writer (d. 1895)
1835 β Lyman Abbott, American writer (d. 1922)
1847 - Augusta Holmès, French composer (d. 1903)
1848 - Roger Allin, 4th Governor of North Dakota (d. 1936)
1849 β Henrietta Edwards, Canadian women's rights activist (d. 1931)
1856 β J. J. Thomson, English physicist (d. 1940)
1861 - Lionel Monckton, English composer (d. 1924)
1863 β Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria (d. 1914)
1868 - Carlo Perosi, Italian cardinal (d. 1930)
1870 - Saki (Hector Hugh Munro), British writer (d. 1916)
1873 - Francis Burton Harrison, American politician (d. 1957)
1879 β Joseph Stalin, Georgian-born leader of the Soviet Union (d. 1953)
1879 β Paul Klee, Swiss-born painter (d. 1940)
1882 - Richard Maury, American-Argentine engineer (d. 1950)
1883 - Raimu, French actor (d. 1946)
1884 - Emil Starkenstein, Czech clinical pharmacologist (d. 1942)
1886 β Ty Cobb, American baseball player (d. 1961)
1887 - Bhikhari Thakur, Indian actress, singer and playwright (d. 1971)
1888 β Gladys Cooper, English actress (d. 1971)
1888 - Robert Moses, American urban planner (d. 1981)
1890 - Edwin Howard Armstrong, American engineer (d. 1954)
1897 - Fletcher Henderson, American pianist, bandleader and composer (d. 1952)
1899 - Peter Wessel Zapffe, Norwegian philosopher and author (d. 1990)
1901 1950
1904 - George Stevens, American director (d. 1975)
1907 - Lawrence Lucie, American guitarist (d. 2009)
1907 - Christopher Fry, British writer and dramatist (d. 2005)
1908 - Paul Siple, American geographer and explorer (d. 1969)
1911 β Jules Dassin, American movie director (d. 2008)
1912 - Givi Javakhishvili, 12th Prime Minister of Georgia (d. 1985)
1912 - Benjamin O. Davis, Jr., American general (d. 2002)
1913 β Willy Brandt, Chancellor of West Germany (d. 1992)
1916 β Betty Grable, American actress (d. 1973)
1916 - Anselm Strauss, American sociologist (d. 1996)
1917 - Ossie Davis, American actor and activist (d. 2005)
1920 - Merlyn Rees, Welsh politician; d. 2006
1921 - Yuri Nikulin, Russian actor (d. 1997)
1922 - Larry D. Mann, Canadian-American actor (d. 2014)
1922 - Esther Lederberg, American microbiologist (d. 2006)
1923 - Lotti van der Gaag, Dutch sculptor and painter (d. 1999)
1923 - Edwin Bramall, English army officer (d. 2019)
1924 - Cicely Tyson, American actress
1924 - Orlando RamΓ³n Agosti, Argentine general and politician (d. 1997)
1927 β RomΓ©o LeBlanc, 25th Governor General of Canada (d. 2009)
1927 - Ramsey Clark, 66th United States Attorney General
1928 - Mirza Tahir Ahmad, Indian-Pakistani Muslim leader (d. 2003)
1929 - JΓ³zef Glemp, Polish cardinal (d. 2013)
1929 - Bob Jane, Australian racing driver and entrepreneur; d. 2018
1931 β Allen Klein, American music manager (d. 2009)
1932 - Roger Smith, American actor
1933 - Lonnie Brooks, American singer and guitarist (d. 2017)
1934 - Marc Rich, Belgian-American businessman (d. 2013)
1934 - Boris Volynov, Soviet-Russian cosmonaut
1934 - John Bingham, 7th Earl of Lucan (Lord Lucan), British aristocrat and murder suspect (not seen since 1974)
1938 - Chas Chandler, English bass player and producer (The Animals) (d. 1996)
1939 β Harold E. Varmus, American scientist
1939 - Sandro Lopopolo, Italian boxer (d. 2014)
1940 - Bram Morrison, Canadian singer and musician (Sharon, Lois & Bram)
1941 - Sam Andrews, American musician (d. 2015)
1941 - Prince William of Gloucester, British nobleman (d. 1972)
1943 β Keith Richards, English guitarist (Rolling Stones)
1943 - Bobby Keys, American saxophonist (d. 2014)
1946 β Steven Spielberg, American movie director
1946 β Steve Biko, South African anti-Apartheid activist (d. 1977)
1948 - Bill Nelson, English musician
1949 β David A. Johnston, American volcanologist (d. 1980)
1949 - Laurent Voulzy, French singer-songwriter and guitarist
1950 - Gillian Armstrong, Australian director
1950 β Sarath Fonseka, Sri Lankan military commander and politician
1951 1975
1951 β Volker Bouffier, German politician, Prime Minister of Hesse
1951 - Alvin E. Roth, American economist
1952 - Krystyna Janda, Polish actress
1953 - David Chipperfield, English architect
1954 - Ray Liotta, American actor
1956 - Reinhold Ewald, German physicist and astronaut
1956 - Ron White, American comedian and actor
1957 - Jonathan Cainer, English astrologer (d. 2016)
1958 - Geordie Walker, English guitarist
1963 β Pierre Nkurunziza, President of Burundi
1963 β Charles Oakley, American basketball player
1963 β Brad Pitt, American actor
1964 - Robson Green, English actor
1964 β Steve Austin, American professional wrestler
1966 β Gianluca Pagliuca, Italian footballer
1968 β Mario Basler, German footballer
1968 - Rachel Griffiths, Australian actress
1968 - Alejandro Sanz, Spanish singer
1968 β Casper Van Dien, American actor
1968 - Nina Wadia, English actress
1969 β Santiago CaΓ±izares, Spanish footballer
1969 - Justin Edinburgh, English footballer and manager (d. 2019)
1970 - Rob Van Dam, American professional wrestler
1970 - Bridie Carter, Australian actress
1971 - Arantxa SΓ‘nchez Vicario, Spanish tennis player
1972 - Daniel Andersson, Swedish footballer
1973 - Lucy Worsley, English historian and television presenter
1974 - Knut Schreiner, Norwegian singer, guitarist and producer
1975 - Sia Furler, Australian singer
From 1976
1977 - Axwell, Swedish DJ and producer (Swedish House Mafia)
1978 β Katie Holmes, American actress
1979 β Mamady SidibΓ©, Malian footballer
1980 - Julie Fleeting, Scottish footballer
1980 β Christina Aguilera, American singer
1980 - Neil Fingleton, English actor (d. 2017)
1982 - Pontus Carlsson, Swedish chess player
1982 - Craig Fallon, British judoka (d. 2019)
1985 β Heidi Andreasen, Faroese swimmer
1985 - Tara Conner, American model
1985 - Natalie Gal, Russian-American model and actress
1985 - Hana SoukupovΓ‘, Czech model
1986 - Usman Khawaja, Australian cricketer
1987 β Ayaka, Japanese singer
1987 β Miki Ando, Japanese figure skater
1987 - Yuki Furukawa, Japanese actor
1987 - Dan Lydiate, Welsh rugby player
1988 - Lizzie Armitstead, British cyclist
1988 - Brianne Theissen-Eaton, Canadian heptathlete
1988 - Imad Wasim, Pakistani cricketer
1989 - Ashley Benson, American actress
1992 - Bridgit Mendler, American singer and actress
1994 - Gerard Gumbau, Spanish footballer
2001 - Billie Eilish, American singer and songwriter
Deaths
Up to 1900
821 β Theodulf, Bishop of Orleans
1075 - Edith of Wessex (b. 1025)
1133 - Hildebert, French poet and scholar (b. 1055)
1290 β King Magnus I of Sweden (b. 1240)
1495 β King Alphonso I of Naples (b. 1448)
1591 - Marigje Arriens, Dutch woman accused of witchcraft (b. 1520)
1737 β Antonio Stradivari, Italian violin maker
1803 β Johann Gottfried Herder, German writer (b. 1744)
1829 - Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, French soldier and biologist (b. 1744)
1848 β Bernard Bolzano, Czech mathematician (b. 1781)
1869 β Louis Moreau Gottschalk, American composer and pianist (b. 1829)
1880 - Michel Chasles, French mathematician (b. 1793)
1892 - Richard Owen, English biologist (b. 1804)
1901 2000
1922 - Carl Meyer, 1st Baronet, German-English banker and businessman (b. 1851)
1936 - Leonardo Torres y Quevedo, Spanish mathematician and inventor (b. 1852)
1936 β Andrija MohoroviΔiΔ, Croatian seismologist (b. 1857)
1954 - Pedro Luna, Chilean painter (b. 1896)
1969 - Charles Dvorak, American athlete (b. 1878)
1971 β Bobby Jones, American golfer (b. 1902)
1971 β Diana Lynn, American actress (b. 1926)
1974 β Harry Hooper, Baseball Hall of Famer (b. 1887)
1980 β Alexei Kosygin, Soviet premier (b. 1904)
1982 β Hans-Ulrich Rudel, highly decorated German pilot during World War II (b. 1916).
1990 - Anne Revere, American actress (b. 1903)
1990 β Paul Tortelier, French musician (b. 1914)
1991 β George Abecassis, English race car driver (b. 1913)
1992 β Mark Goodson, game show producer (b. 1915)
1993 β Sam Wanamaker, American actor (b. 1919)
1995 β Konrad Zuse, German engineer and computing pioneer (b. 1910)
1997 β Chris Farley, American actor and comedian (b. 1964)
1998 β Lev Demin, Soviet cosmonaut (b. 1926)
1999 β Robert Bresson, French movie director (b. 1907)
2000 β Kirsty MacColl, British musician (b. 1959)
From 2001
2001 β Gilbert BΓ©caud, singer (b. 1927)
2002 β Ray Hnatyshyn, Governor General of Canada (b. 1934)
2004 β Princess Takamatsu of Japan (b. 1911)
2006 β Joseph Barbera, American animator (b. 1911)
2006 - Ruth Bernhard, American photographer (b. 1905)
2008 β Mark Felt, American Watergate agent, known as 'Deep Throat' (b. 1913)
2010 β Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa, Italian banker and politician (b. 1940)
2010 - Jacqueline de Romilly, French philologist, author and scholar (b. 1913)
2011 β VΓ‘clav Havel, Czech playwright, statesman and President of Czechoslovakia and the Czech Republic (b. 1936)
2012 - Mustafa Ould Salek, President of Mauritania (b. 1936)
2013 - Ronnie Biggs, British train robber (b. 1929)
2014 - Virna Lisi, Italian actress (b. 1936)
2014 - Mandy Rice-Davies, British model and media personality (b. 1944)
2014 - Ingvar Kjellson, Swedish actor (b. 1923)
2014 - Gideon Ben-Yisrael, Israeli politician (b. 1922)
2014 - Larry Smith, American record producer (b. 1951)
2014 - Robert Simpson, American meteorologist (b. 1912)
2015 - Helge Solum Larsen, Norwegian politician (b. 1969)
2016 - Zsa Zsa Gabor, Hungarian-American actress and socialite (b. 1917)
2017 - Janet Benshoof, American activist and lawyer (b. 1947)
2017 - Jonghyun, South Korean singer-songwriter (b. 1990)
2017 - Altero Matteoli, Italian politician (b. 1940)
2017 - Arseny Roginsky, Russian dissident and historian (b. 1946)
2018 - David C. H. Austin, British rose breeder (b. 1926)
2018 - Alex Badeh, Nigerian politician and air force officer (b. 1957)
2018 - Steve Daskewisz, American actor and stuntman (b. 1944)
2018 - Tulsi Giri, Nepalese politician (b. 1926)
2018 - Kazimierz Kutz, Polish film director and politician (b. 1929)
2018 - Peter Masterson, American playwright (b. 1934)
2018 - Robert Neild, British economist (b. 1924)
2018 - Shinobu Sekine, Japanese judoka (b. 1943)
2018 - Bill Slater, English footballer (b. 1927)
2018 - Raimo Vartia, Finnish basketball player (b. 1937)
2019 - Claudine Auger, French actress (b. 1941)
2019 - Alain Barrière, French pop singer (b. 1935)
2019 - Herman Boone, American football coach (b. 1935)
2019 - Zafar Chaudhry, Pakistani military officer (b. 1926)
2019 - Geulah Cohen, Israeli politician (b. 1925)
2019 - Leandro Despouy, Argentine politician and activist (b. 1947)
2019 - Ibrahim Diarra, French rugby union player (b. 1983)
2019 - Kenny Lynch, English singer-songwriter and actor (b. 1938)
2019 - Abbey Simon, American pianist (b. 1920)
Observances
National Day of Qatar
New Jersey Day
Republic Day (Niger)
International Migrants Day
UN day of the Arabic language
Days of the year |
8726 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/June%204 | June 4 |
Events
Up to 1900
780 BC β The first historic solar eclipse is recorded in China.
1039 β Henry III becomes King of Germany.
1615 β Forces under the shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu take Osaka Castle in Japan.
1745 - Battle of Hohenfriedberg: Frederick I of Prussia's army defeats the Austrian army under Prince Charles Alexander of Lorraine during the War of the Austrian Succession.
1760 β Great Upheaval: New England planters arrive to claim land in Nova Scotia, Canada taken from the Acadians.
1769 β A transit of Venus is followed five hours later by a total solar eclipse, the shortest such interval in the historical past.
1783 β In Annonay, France, the Montgolfier Brothers demonstrate their unmanned hot air balloon.
1792 β Captain George Vancouver claims Puget Sound for Great Britain.
1794 β British troops capture Port-au-Prince in Haiti.
1802 - Charles Emmanuel IV of Sardinia abdicates his throne in favor of his brother, Victor Emmanuel I of Savoy.
1805 - The Ligurian Republic and the Duchy of Parma are merged into a part of the French Empire.
1812 β After Louisiana becomes a U.S. state, the territory previously known by that name was renamed the Missouri Territory.
1859 β Italian Independence wars: in the Battle of Magenta, the French army, under Louis-Napoleon, defeats an Austrian army.
1862 β American Civil War: Confederate troops evacuate Fort Pillow on the Mississippi River, leaving the way clear for Union troops to take Memphis, Tennessee.
1876 β An express train called the Transcontinental Express arrives in San Francisco, California, via the First Transcontinental Railroad only 83 hours and 39 minutes after having left New York City.
1878 β Cyprus Convention: The Ottoman Empire cedes Cyprus to the United Kingdom but retains nominal title.
1896 β Henry Ford test-drives the first automobile he designed β the Quadricycle (it was also the first automobile he ever drove).
1901 1950
1912 - Massachusetts becomes the first U.S. state to introduce a minimum wage
1913 β Emily Davison, a suffragette, runs out in front of King George V of the United Kingdom's horse, Anmer, at the Epsom Derby. She is trampled and dies a few days later, never having regained consciousness.
1917 β The very first Pulitzer Prizes are given: Laura E. Richards, Maude H. Elliott, and Florence Hall receive the first Pulitzer for a biography (for Julia Ward Howe). Jean Jules Jusserand receives the first Pulitzer for history (for his work With Americans of Past and Present Days). Herbert B. Swope receives the first Pulitzer for journalism (for his work for the New York World).
1917 β The Order of the British Empire is introduced.
1919 β Women's rights: The United States Congress approves the 19th Amendment to the United States Constitution, which would guarantee suffrage to women, and sends it to the U.S. states for ratification.
1920 β Hungary loses 71% of its territory and 63% of its population when the Treaty of Trianon is signed in Paris.
1924 β During a British expedition, Edward Felix Norton reaches the height of above sea level (on Mount Everest), the highest point climbed by anyone until then, but because of it being evening, he is unable to go up to the summit.
1926 β Robert Earl Hughes sets current record for world's heaviest human.
1928 - President of the Republic of China, Chang Tso-Lin, is assassinated by Japanese agents.
1936 β LΓ©on Blum becomes Prime Minister of France.
1939 β Holocaust: The SS St. Louis, a ship carrying 963 Jewish refugees, is denied permission to land in Florida, United States, after already having been turned away from Cuba. Forced to return to Europe, most of its passengers later die in Nazi concentration camps.
1940 β The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter by Carson McCullers is published.
1940 β World War II: Dunkirk evacuation ends; British forces complete evacuation of 300,000 troops from Dunkirk in France.
1940 β The Destroyer War Badge for Kriegsmarine was instituted.
1942 β World War II: Reinhard Heydrich dies in Prague due to the assassination by Czechoslovak paratroopers (Operation Anthropoid).
1942 β World War II: Battle of Midway begins. Japanese Admiral Chuichi Nagumo orders a strike on Midway Island with much of the Imperial Japanese Navy.
1943 β Military coup in Argentina ousts RamΓ³n Castillo.
1944 β World War II: A hunter-killer group of the United States Navy capture the German submarine U-505, marking the first time a U.S. Navy vessel captured an enemy vessel at sea since the 19th century.
1944 β World War II: Rome falls to the Allies, the first Axis powers capital to fall.
1946 - Juan Domingo Peron becomes President of Argentina.
1950 β With a 5-2 win over the Poland national football team, the Hungary national football team starts a winning run that ends in the FIFA World Cup final in 1954.
From 1951
1961 β Lake Bodom murders in Finland.
1967 - Stockport Air Disaster: British Midland Flight G-ALHG crashes in Hopes Carr, Stockport, England, killing 72 people.
1970 β Tonga gains independence from the United Kingdom. Taufa'ahau Tupou IV is King, a position he had held since 1965 when Tonga was a British protectorate.
1973 β A patent for the automated teller machine (ATM) is granted to Don Wetzel, Tom Barnes and George Chastain.
1974 β Baseball: The Cleveland Indians host "Ten Cent Beer Night", but have to forfeit the game to the Texas Rangers due to drunken and unruly fans.
1979 - Flight lieutenant Jerry Rawlings takes power in Ghana.
1986 β Jonathan Pollard pleads guilty to espionage for selling top secret United States military intelligence to Israel.
1988 β The Canadian Heraldic Authority is founded.
1989 β The Tiananmen Square protests are suppressed in Beijing and are covered live on television.
1989 β Solidarity's victory in the first partly free parliamentary elections in post-war Poland sparks off a succession of peaceful anti-communist revolutions in Eastern Europe.
1989 β Ufa train disaster: A natural gas explosion near Ufa, Russia, kills 645 as two trains passing each other throw sparks near a leaky pipeline.
1991 β Britain's Conservative government announces that some British regiments would disappear or be merged into others β the largest armed forces cuts in almost twenty years.
1998 β Terry Nichols is sentenced to life in prison for his role in the Oklahoma City bombing.
2000 β A magnitude 7.9 earthquake in Indonesia kills 103 people.
2001 β Gyanendra becomes King of Nepal, after the death of Dipendra of Nepal, who was King for three days after the Royal Massacre, in which he was injured.
2002 β The wall of the Zeyzoun reservoir in Syria breaks. The resulting flood kills 100 people.
2003 β U.S. lifestyle guru Martha Stewart and her broker are indicted for using privileged investment information and then obstructing a federal investigation. Stewart also resigns as chairperson and chief executive officer of Martha Stewart Living.
2005 β First day of Einstein Symposium in Alexandria, Egypt.
2011 β The Puyehue Cordon Caulle volcanic structure in Chile erupts, sending an ash cloud over parts of South America and as far away as Oceania. Many flights are cancelled.
2015 - An explosion at a gasoline station in Accra, Ghana, kills over 200 people.
Births
Up to 1900
1394 β Philippa of England, Queen of Denmark, Norway and Sweden (died 1430)
1489 β Antoine, Duke of Lorraine (died 1544)
1604 β Claudia de' Medici, Grand Duchess of Tuscany (died 1648)
1694 - François Quesnay, French economist (died 1774)
1704 - Benjamin Huntsman, English inventor and manufacturer (died 1776)
1738 β King George III of Great Britain (died 1820)
1744 β Patrick Ferguson, Scottish officer in the British Army, and rifle designer (died 1780)
1754 β Franz Xaver, Baron Von Zach, Austrian editor and astronomer (died 1832)
1809 β Columbus Delano, American politician (died 1896)
1821 - Apollon Maykov, Russian poet (died 1797)
1829 - Jinmaku Kyugoro, Japanese sumo wrestler (died 1903)
1860 - Alexis Lapointe, Canadian runner (died 1949)
1866 β Miina Sillanpaa, Finnish politician (died 1952)
1867 β Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim, Finnish general and President (died 1951)
1877 β Heinrich Otto Wieland, German biochemist (died 1957)
1879 - Mabel Lucie Attwell, English author and illustrator (died 1964)
1880 - Clara Blandick, American actress (died 1962)
1881 β Natalia Goncharova, Russian painter (died 1962)
1882 - Karl Valentin, German actor, comedian and singer (died 1948)
1885 - Arturo Rawson, 26th President of Argentina (died 1952)
1887 β Tom Longboat, Native Canadian marathon runner (died 1949)
1889 β Beno Gutenberg, German seismologist (died 1960)
1891 - Leopold Vietoris, Austrian mathematician (died 2002)
1893 - Armand Calinescu, Romanian politician (died 1939)
1894 - La Bolduc, Canadian singer-songwriter (died 1941)
1895 - Dino Grandi, Italian politician (died 1988)
1899 β Stringer Davis, English actor (died 1973)
1901 1950
1903 - Yevgeny Mravinsky, Soviet-Russian conductor (died 1988)
1907 β Rosalind Russell, American actress (died 1976)
1908 - Alejandro Villanueva, Peruvian footballer (died 1944)
1910 β Christopher Cockerell, British engineer and inventor (died 1999)
1910 - Robert B. Anderson, American politician (died 1989)
1915 β Modibo KeΓ―ta, 1st President of Mali (died 1977)
1916 β Robert F. Furchgott, American chemist (died 2009)
1916 β Fernand Leduc, Canadian painter (died 2014)
1920 - Russell B. Train, American actor (died 2012)
1924 β Dennis Weaver, American actor (died 2006)
1924 β Tofilau Eti Alesana, Prime Minister of Samoa (died 1999)
1925 - Antonio Puchades, Spanish footballer (died 2013)
1926 - Robert Earl Hughes, American former obesity record holder (died 1958)
1926 - Judith Malina, German-American actress, writer and director (died 2015)
1927 - Henning Carlsen, Danish director, producer and screenwriter (died 2014)
1927 β Geoffrey Palmer, British actor
1928 - Ruth Westheimer, German-American therapist and author
1929 β Karolos Papoulias, former President of Greece
1930 - Viktor Tikhonov, Russian ice hockey player and coach (died 2014)
1930 - Morgana King, American singer and actress
1932 - John Drew Barrymore, American actor (died 2004)
1933 - Godfried Danneels, Belgian cardinal
1933 β Frank D. White, 41st Governor of Arkansas (died 2003)
1934 β Daphne Sheldrick, Kenyan writer and conservationist (died 2018)
1934 β Monica Dacon, former acting Governor-General of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
1936 - Nutan, Indian actress and singer (died 1991)
1936 - Oleg Fedoseyev, Russian triple jumper (died 2001)
1936 β Bruce Dern, American actor
1937 - Freddy Fender, American musician (died 2006)
1938 - John Harvard, Canadian politician (died 2015)
1939 - George Reid, Scottish politician
1942 - Louis Reichardt, American mountaineer
1944 β Michelle Phillips, American actress and singer (The Mamas & the Papas)
1946 - S. Balasubrahmanyan, Indian singer, actor, director and movie producer
1947 β Viktor Klima, former Chancellor of Austria
1948 β JΓΌrgen Sparwasser, German footballer
1948 - Bob Champion, English jockey
1951 1975
1951 - Bronislaw Malinowski, Polish athlete
1952 β Bronislaw Komorowski, former President of Poland
1953 - Walter Novellino, Italian footballer
1953 β Linda Lingle, American politician, 6th State Governor of Hawaii
1954 - Luc-Adolphe Tiao, Prime Minister of Burkina Faso
1954 - Raphael Ravenscroft, English musical composer and author (died 2014)
1955 β Val McDermid, Scottish writer
1956 β Martin Adams, English darts player
1958 - Eddie Velez, American actor
1959 - Juan Camacho, Bolivian runner
1960 - Bradley Walsh, English actor
1960 - Milos Delmas, Serbian footballer
1961 β Ferenc Gyurcsany, former Prime Minister of Hungary
1961 - Dani KouyatΓ©, BurkinabΓ© movie director
1964 β Sean Pertwee, British actor
1964 - Koji Yamamura, Japanese animator
1965 β Mick Doohan, Australian motorcycle racer
1965 - Andrea Jaeger, American tennis player
1966 β Cecilia Bartoli, Italian opera singer
1967 - Robert Shane Kimbrough, American astronaut
1968 - Roger Lim, American actor, director, producer and screenwriter
1969 β Horatio Sanz, Chilean-born comedian
1970 - Izabella Scorupco, Polish-Swedish actress and model
1971 β Noah Wyle, American actor
1971 β Joseph Kabila, President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
1972 β Derian Hatcher, American ice hockey player
1972 - Stoja, Serbian singer
1975 β Russell Brand, British comedian
1975 β Angelina Jolie, American actress
1975 - Julian Marley, Jamaican-British reggae musician
From 1976
1977 β Alex Manninger, Austrian footballer
1977 β Navi Rawat, American actress
1977 β Berglind Icey, Icelandic swimmer and actress
1977 β Ingrid Visser, Dutch volleyball player (died 2013)
1977 β Tetiana Chornovol, Ukrainian journalist, politician and activist
1979 β Christopher Dorner, American police officer and murderer (died 2013)
1979 β Naohiro Takahara, Japanese footballer
1980 β Francois Beauchemin, Canadian ice hockey player
1983 β Guillermo Garcia-Lopez, Spanish tennis player
1983 β Emmanuel EbouΓ©, Ivorian footballer
1983 β Koffi Ndri Romaric, Ivorian footballer
1985 β Evan Lysacek, American figure skater
1985 β Lukas Podolski, German footballer
1985 β Ana Carolina Reston, Brazilian model (died 2006)
1986 β Shelly Woods, British athlete
1986 β Oona Chaplin, British actress
1986 β Yoochun, South Korean singer-songwriter and actor
1987 β Mollie King, British singer (The Saturdays)
1988 β Li Man, Chinese actress
1989 β Eldar Gasimov, Azerbaijani singer (Ell & Nikki)
1990 β Jetsun Pema, Queen of Bhutan
1990 β Zac Farro, American singer and drummer (Paramore)
1991 β Jordan Hinson, American actress
1991 β Lorenzo Insigne, Italian footballer
1991 β Kathryn Prescott, English actress
1991 β Megan Prescott, English actress
1992 β Morgan Griffin, Australian actress
1992 β Brooke Vincent, English actress
1999 β Kim So-hyun, South Korean actress
Deaths
Up to 1900
1039 β Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor (born (about) 990)
1094 - Sancho Ramirez, King of Aragon and Navarra (born around 1043)
1102 - Wladyslaw I Herman, Duke of Poland (born 1043)
1134 - King Magnus I of Sweden (born 1106)
1135 β Emperor Huizong of China (born 1082)
1206 - Adele of Champagne, Queen Consort of France (born 1140)
1257 β Duke Przemysl I of Poland (born (about) 1220)
1394 - Mary de Bohun, Queen Consort of England (born 1369)
1472 β Nezahualcoyotl, Aztec ruler, philosopher and poet (born 1402)
1585 - Muretus, Flemish humanist (born 1526)
1663 β William Juxon, Archbishop of Canterbury (born 1582)
1798 β Giacomo Casanova, Italian lover (born 1725)
1801 β Frederick Muhlenberg, first speaker of the United States House of Representatives (born 1750)
1830 - Antonio JosΓ© de Sucre, 2nd President of Bolivia (born 1795)
1872 β Johan Rudolf Thorbecke, Dutch politician (born 1798)
1875 β Eduard MΓΆrike, German poet (born 1804)
1876 β Abdulaziz, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (born 1830)
1887 β William A. Wheeler, Vice President of the United States (born 1819)
1901 2000
1916 β Herbert Horatio Kitchener (Lord Kitchener), British Secretary of State for War (born 1850)
1922 - W. H. R. Rivers, English anthropologist, neurologist, ethnologist and psychiatrist (born 1864)
1926 - Fred Spofforth, Australian-English cricketer (born 1853)
1928 β Chang Tso-lin, Chinese warlord (born 1873)
1929 - Harry Frazee, American director, producer and agent (born 1881)
1937 - Ketevan Galadze, mother of Joseph Stalin (born 1858)
1939 β Tommy Ladnier, American jazz musician (born 1900)
1941 β Kaiser Wilhelm II, last German emperor (born 1859)
1942 β Reinhard Heydrich, Nazi official (born 1904)
1951 β Serge Koussevitsky, Russian conductor (born 1874)
1956 - Katherine MacDonald, American actress (born 1881)
1968 β Dorothy Gish, American actress (born 1898)
1971 - Georg Lukacs, Hungarian philosopher (born 1885)
1973 β Maurice RenΓ© FrΓ©chet, French mathematician (born 1878)
1973 - Murry Wilson, American songwriter, producer and manager (born 1917)
1983 β Ivan Tors, producer, writer, animal trainer
1990 β Stiv Bators, American musician ("The Dead Boys") (born 1949)
1992 - Carl Stotz, American businessman (born 1910)
1994 β Massimo Troisi, Italian actor (born 1953)
1994 - Derek Leckenby, English guitarist (born 1943)
1997 - Ronnie Lane, English singer-songwriter, musician and producer (born 1946)
From 2001
2001 β King Dipendra of Nepal (born 1971)
2001 β John Hartford, American musician, composer (born 1937)
2002 β Fernando Belaunde Terry, Peruvian politician, President of Peru (born 1912)
2004 β Steve Lacy, American saxophonist (born 1934)
2004 β Nino Manfredi, Italian actor (born 1921)
2005 - Chloe Jones, American pornographic actress (born 1975)
2007 β Craig L. Thomas, American politician (born 1933)
2010 β John Wooden, American basketball player and coach (born 1910)
2011 β Lawrence Eagleburger, American diplomat and politician, 62nd United States Secretary of State (born 1930)
2011 β Lilian Jackson Braun, American writer (born 1913)
2012 β Eduard Khil, Russian baritone singer (born 1934)
2014 - Doc Neeson, Australian musician (born 1947)
2014 - Don Zimmer, American baseball player (born 1931)
2014 - George Ho, American-Hong Kong businessman (born 1919)
2014 - Chester Nez, American soldier (born 1921)
2015 - Leonid Plyushch, Ukrainian-Soviet dissident and mathematician (born 1938)
2015 - Kurt Weber, Polish cinematographer (born 1928)
2015 - Bengt Berndtsson, Swedish footballer (born 1933)
2015 - Hermann Zapf, German typeface designer (born 1918)
2015 - Albert West, Dutch singer (born 1949)
2016 - Sulabha Deshpande, Indian actress (born 1937)
2016 - Antti Hyry, Finnish writer (born 1931)
2016 - Gil Bartosh, American football player and coach (born 1956)
2016 - Phyllis Curtin, American soprano (born 1921)
2016 - Carmen Pereira, Guinea-Bissau politician (born 1937)
2017 - Juan Goytisolo, Spanish essayist, poet and novelist (born 1931)
2017 - Babatunde Osotimehin, Nigerian politician and civil servant (born 1949)
2017 - Roger Smith, American actor (born 1932)
2017 - Zhang Tianfu, Chinese agronomist and tea expert (born 1910)
2018 - Dwight Clark, American football player (born 1957)
2018 - Eunice Lam, Hong Kong columnist and socialite (born 1943)
2018 - J. B. Munro, New Zealand politician and disability activist (born 1936)
Holidays and observances
Feast day of St Francis Caracciolo
Feast day of Saint Petrock of Cornwall
International Innocent Child Abuse Victim Day
Independence Day (Tonga)
National Unity Day (Hungary)
Flag Day (Estonia)
Other websites
BBC: On This Day
June 04 |
8727 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/November%2012 | November 12 |
Events
Up to 1900
764 β Tibetan troops occupy Chang'an, the capital of the Chinese Tang Dynasty, for fifteen days.
1028 β Future Byzantine empress Zoe marries Romanus Argyrus according to the wishes of dying Constantine VIII
1439 β Plymouth, England, becomes the first town incorporated by the English Parliament.
1555 - The English Parliament decides that Roman Catholicism will be the state religion of England.
1602 - Sebastian Viscaino lands at, and names, San Diego, California.
1793 - Jean Sylvain Bailly, the first Mayor of Paris, is executed on the guillotine.
1892 - William Heffelfinger becomes the first professional American football player on record, taking part in his first paid game for the Allegheny Athletic Association.
1893 - The Treaty of the Durand is signed between present-day Pakistan and Afghanistan; the Durand Line has become the international border between the two countries.
1901 2000
1905 - Newly-independent Norway holds a referendum on its system of government. Most voters decide to have a monarch as their Head of State, over having a president.
1908 - An explosion at a mine shaft in Hamm, present-day North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, kills 348 people.
1912 - The bodies of Robert Falcon Scott and his men are found on the Ross Ice Shelf.
1918 β Austria becomes a republic.
1920 - Italy and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes sign the Treaty of Rapallo.
1927 β Leon Trotsky is expelled from the Soviet Communist Party, leaving Joseph Stalin with complete control of the Soviet Union.
1928 - The ship SS Vestris sinks around 200 miles (320 kilometers) off Hampton Roads, Virginia, killing over 110 people.
1933 - Hugh Gray takes the first-known photograph alleged to show the Loch Ness Monster.
1936 β The San Francisco Bay Bridge is opened.
1942 β World War II: The Naval Battle of Guadalcanal between Japanese and American forces begins near Guadalcanal. The battle lasts for three days.
1944 β World War II: The Royal Air Force launches one of the most successful bombing attacks of war and sinks the German battleship Tirpitz off the coast of Norway.
1945 - Sudirman is elected as the first commander-in-chief of the Indonesian Armed Forces.
1948 - In Tokyo, an international war crimes tribunal sentences seven Japanese military and government officials, including Hideki Tojo, to death for their roles in World War II.
1956 - Morocco, Sudan and Tunisia join the UN.
1958 - A team of rock climbers led by Warren Harding completes the first successful climb of the "Nose" on El Capitan in Yosemite Valley, California.
1968 - Equatorial Guinea joins the UN.
1969 β Vietnam War: My Lai Massacre β Independent investigative journalist Seymour Hersh breaks the My Lai story.
1970 - The Oregon Highway Division attempt to destroy a rotting bleached sperm whale with explosives, leading to the now-infamous "exploding whale" incident.
1973 - It is announced that Gerald Ford is to succeed Spiro Agnew as Vice President of the United States.
1975 β The Comoros join the UN.
1980 β The Voyager 1 space probe takes images of Saturn's rings.
1981 - The Space Shuttle Columbia launches on its second flight.
1982 β In the Soviet Union, Yuri Andropov is selected to become the general secretary of the Soviet Communist Party's Central Committee, succeeding the late Leonid Brezhnev.
1982 β Polish Solidarity leader Lech Walesa is released.
1985 - Xavier Suarez becomes Miami's first Cuban-American Mayor.
1990 β Crown Prince Akihito is formally installed as Emperor Akihito of Japan, becoming the 125th Japanese monarch. He had already succeeded his father Hirohito, who died on January 7, 1989.
1990 - Tim Berners-Lee publishes a formal proposal for the World Wide Web.
1991 β Dili Massacre: Indonesian forces opened fire on a crowd of student protesters in Dili, East Timor.
1994 - Chandrika Kumaratunga becomes President of Sri Lanka.
1995 - Mozambique joins the Commonwealth. As a former Portuguese colony, it is the first Commonwealth member not to have had any historical links with the present-day United Kingdom.
1995 - Azerbaijan holds its first parliamentary elections.
1996 - A Saudi Arabian Airlines Boeing 747 and a Kazakh Ilyushin II-76 cargo plane collide in mid-air near New Delhi, India, killing 349 people in the deadliest mid-air collision to date.
1997 - Ramzi Yousef is found guilty of planning the 1993 World Trade Center bombing.
From 2001
2001 β Taliban forces abandon Kabul, the capital of Afghanistan, ahead of advancing Northern Alliance troops.
2001 β A plane crash in the New York Borough of Queens kills all (260) of those on board, and 5 people on the ground. American Airlines Flight 587 had come down shortly after take-off and was bound for the Dominican Republic.
2003 - Iraq War: In Nasiriya, Iraq, at least 23 people, including the war's first Italian casualties, are killed in a suicide bomb attack on the Italian police base.
2003 - Shanghai Transrapid sets a new world speed record, 501 kilometers per hour (311 miles per hour), for commercial railways systems, which remains the fastest for unmodified commercial rail vehicles.
2004 β Official Guided by Voices Day in Los Angeles, California.
2004 β Resignation of Colin Powell as United States Secretary of Defense.
2010 - The 16th Asian Games begin in Guangzhou, China.
2011 β In the wake of an economic crisis, Silvio Berlusconi resigns as Prime Minister of Italy. Mario Monti is selected to replace him shortly after.
2013 - One World Trade Center is announced as being the tallest building in the United States.
2014 - The Philae lander from the European Space Agency's Rosetta probe lands on the surface of the Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. It is the first man-made object to land on a comet.
2015 - At least 40 people are killed in suicide bomb attacks in Beirut, Lebanon.
2017 - A magnitude 7.3 earthquake strikes the Iran-Iraq border area, killing at least 450 people and injuring hundreds.
Births
Up to 1900
1493 β Bartolomeo Bandelli, Italian sculptor (d. 1560)
1528 - Qi Jiquang, Chinese general (d. 1588)
1547 β Claude of Valois, French princess (d. 1575)
1615 β Richard Baxter, English clergyman (d. 1691)
1651 - Juana InΓ©s de la Cruz, Mexican nun and poet (d. 1695)
1679 - Firmin Bauzit, French scholar (d. 1767)
1729 β Louis Antoine de Bougainville, French explorer (d. 1811)
1746 - Jacques Charles, French physicist (d. 1823)
1755 β Gerhard von Scharnhorst, Prussian general (d. 1813)
1774 - Charles Bell, Scottish physiologist and anatomist (d. 1842)
1790 β Letitia Christian Tyler, American First Lady, wife of John Tyler (d. 1842)
1815 β Elizabeth Cady Stanton, American women's rights activist (d. 1902)
1817 β Baha'u'llah, religious leader of the Baha'i faith (d. 1892)
1830 - Brynjulf Bergslien, Norwegian sculptor (d. 1898)
1833 β Alexander Borodin, Russian composer (d. 1887)
1840 β Auguste Rodin, French sculptor (d. 1917)
1841 - Preston Lea, Governor of Delaware (d. 1916)
1842 β John Strutt, 3rd Baron Raleigh, English physicist (d. 1919)
1850 β Mikhail Chigorin, Russian chess player (d. 1908)
1865 β Sun Yat-sen, Chinese revolutionary and politician (d. 1925)
1872 - William Fay, Irish actor and theatre musician (d. 1947)
1881 - Olev Siinmaa, Estonian architect (d. 1948)
1882 - Infanta MarΓa Teresa of Spain (d. 1912)
1883 - James W. Mott, American politician (d. 1945)
1886 - Ben Travers, British playwright (d. 1980)
1890 - Lily Kronberger, Hungarian figure skater (d. 1974)
1891 - Seth Barnes Nicholson, American astronomer (d. 1963)
1892 - Tudor Davies, Welsh operatic tenor (d. 1958)
1895 - Amandus Adamson, Estonian sculptor (d. 1929)
1898 - Leon Stukelj, Slovenian gymnast (d. 1999)
1901 1950
1901 - James Luther Adams, American theologian (d. 1994)
1903 - Jack Oakie, American actor (d. 1978)
1908 - Harry Blackmun, United States Supreme Court justice (d. 1999)
1911 - Buck Clayton, American jazz trumpeter (d. 1991)
1911 β Chad Varah, British founder of the Samaritans telephone helpline (d. 2007)
1915 β Roland Barthes, French writer and philosopher (d. 1980)
1917 - Jo Stafford, American singer (d. 2008)
1920 - Richard Quine, American actor (d. 1989)
1922 - Kim Hunter, American actress (d. 2002)
1923 β Loriot, German comedian, humorist, producer and writer (d. 2011)
1923 - RubΓ©n Bonifaz NuΓ±o, Mexican poet and scholar (d. 2013)
1924 - Sam Jones, American jazz musician (d. 1981)
1928 - Bob Holness, South African-born television presenter and actor (d. 2012)
1929 β Michael Ende, German writer (d. 1995)
1929 β Grace Kelly, American actress and Princess of Monaco (d. 1982)
1930 - Bob Crewe, American songwriter, dancer, singer and record producer (d. 2014)
1931 - Norman Y. Mineta, American politician
1933 β Jalal Talabani, President of Iraq (d. 2017)
1934 β VavΓ‘, Brazilian footballer (d. 2002)
1934 - Leonid Stein, Soviet-Ukrainian chess player (d. 1973)
1934 β Charles Manson, American cult leader (d. 2017)
1935 β Lyudmila Gurchenko, Russian actress and singer (d. 2011)
1936 β Heiner Zieschang, German mathematician (d. 2004)
1936 - Mills Lane, American boxer, referee, lawyer and judge
1937 - Richard H. Truly, American astronaut
1938 β Benjamin Mkapa, former President of Tanzania
1938 - Mort Shuman, American singer-songwriter (d. 1991)
1939 - Lucia Popp, Slovakian soprano (d. 1993)
1939 - Ruby Nash Garnett, American singer
1940 - JΓΌrgen TodenhΓΆfer, German judge and politician
1941 - Cristina Peri Rossi, Uruguayan writer
1943 β Errol Brown, English singer (d. 2015)
1943 - Bjorn Waldegard, Swedish rally driver (d. 2014)
1943 - Wallace Shawn, American actor and playwright
1944 - Booker T. Jones, American rock musician
1944 - Al Michaels, American sportscaster
1945 - Dale Schlueter, American basketball player (d. 2014)
1945 β Neil Young, Canadian singer
1946 β Krister Henriksson, Swedish actor
1948 - Hassan Rouhani, President of Iran
1949 β Jack Reed, American politician
1951 1975
1952 - Ernie Fletcher, 60th Governor of Kentucky
1952 - Stuart Cosgrove, Scottish broadcaster and journalist
1955 - Louan Gideon, American actress (d. 2014)
1955 - Les McKeown, Scottish singer
1957 - Tim Samaras, American storm chaser (d. 2013)
1957 - CΓ©cilia Attias, former First Lady of France
1958 β Megan Mullally, American actress
1959 - Toshihiko Sahashi, Japanese composer
1960 - Maurane, Belgian singer (d. 2018)
1961 β Nadia Comaneci, Romanian gymnast
1961 β Enzo Francescoli, Uruguayan footballer
1962 - Naomi Wolf, American author and feminist
1962 - Mariella Frostrup, Norwegian-British journalist
1962 - Mark Hunter, Canadian ice hockey player, coach and manager
1963 - Susumu Terajimi, Japanese actor
1964 - Danny Ellefson, American musician
1964 β Thomas Berthold, German footballer
1964 β Vic Chesnutt, American musician (d. 2009)
1964 - Michael Kremer, American economist
1965 - Eddie Mair, Scottish journalist
1968 - Aya Hisakawa, Japanese voice actress and singer
1968 β Kathleen Hanna, American musician and activist
1968 β Sammy Sosa, Dominican baseball player
1970 β Tonya Harding, American figure skater
1971 - Chen Guangcheng, Chinese human rights activist
1973 - Radha Mitchell, American actress
1974 β Alessandro Birindelli, Italian footballer
1975 - Katherine Grainger, Scottish rower
1975 β Dario Simic, Croatian footballer
From 1976
1976 β Miroslaw Szymkowiak, Polish footballer
1977 β Benni McCarthy, South African footballer
1978 - Eric Addo, Ghanaian footballer
1978 - Ashley Williams, American actress
1980 β Ryan Gosling, Canadian actor
1980 - Charlie Hodgson, English rugby player
1981 - D. J. Campbell, English footballer
1982 - Maxim Tchoudov, Russian biathlete
1982 β Anne Hathaway, American actress
1983 β Carlton Cole, English footballer
1984 - Omarion, American singer
1985 - Adlène Guedioura, French-Algerian footballer
1987 - Bryan Little, Canadian ice hockey player
1988 - Russell Westbrook, American basketball player
1988 - Paul Samaras, American storm chaser (d. 2013)
1989 - Hiroshi Kiyotake, Japanese footballer
1990 - Taulupe Faletau, Welsh rugby union player
1990 - Florent Manaudou, French swimmer
1990 - James McCarthy, Irish footballer
1992 - Adam Larsson, Swedish ice hockey player
1992 - Giulietta, Australian singer
1992 - Trey Burke, American basketball player
2001 - Raffey Cassidy, English actress
Deaths
Up to 1900
607 - Pope Boniface III
1035 β Canute the Great, Danish king of England, Denmark, Norway and part of Sweden (b. 995)
1094 β King Duncan II of Scotland (b. 1060)
1139 β King Magnus IV of Norway (b. 1115)
1202 β King Canute VI of Denmark (b. 1163)
1434 - King Louis III of Naples (b. 1403)
1595 β John Hawkins, English shipbuilder, merchant, and slavetrader (b. 1532)
1671 - Thomas Fairfax, English Civil War general (b. 1612)
1720 - Peter Tordenskiold, Danish-Norwegian naval officer (b. 1690)
1742 - Friedrich Hoffmann, German physician and chemist (b. 1660)
1757 - Colley Cibber, English poet (b. 1671)
1793 β Jean Sylvain Bailly, French politician, first Mayor of Paris (executed on the Guillotine) (b. 1736)
1813 - J. Hector St John de Crèvecoeur, French-American writer (b. 1735)
1836 β Juan Ramon Balcarce, Argentine military leader and politician (b. 1773)
1857 - Manuel Oribe, Uruguayan politician (b. 1792)
1865 β Elizabeth Gaskell, English writer (b. 1810)
1901 2000
1902 - William Henry Barlow, British railway engineer (b. 1812)
1903 β Camille Pissarro, French painter (b. 1830)
1912 - JosΓ© Canalejas, Spanish politician and writer (b. 1854)
1916 β Percival Lowell, American astronomer (b. 1855)
1933 - John Cady, American golfer (b. 1866)
1933 - F. Holland Day, American photographer (b. 1864)
1939 β Norman Bethune, Canadian doctor and humanitarian (b. 1890)
1942 - Laura Hope Crews, American actress (b. 1879)
1944 - Otto Blumenthal, German mathematician (b. 1876)
1945 - James W. Mott, American politician (b. 1883)
1946 - Albert Bond Lambert, American golfer (b. 1875)
1946 - Madan Mohan Malaviya, Indian academic and politician (b. 1861)
1948 β Umberto Giordano, Italian composer (b. 1867)
1950 - Lesley Ashburner, American athlete (b. 1883)
1958 - James Michael Curley, American politician, Governor of Massachusetts (b. 1874)
1969 - Iskander Mirza, President of Pakistan (b. 1899)
1969 β Liu Shaoqi, Chinese revolutionary and politician (b. 1898)
1974 β Thorbergur Thordarson, Icelandic writer (b. 1889)
1976 - Walter Piston, American composer (b. 1894)
1990 β Eve Arden, American actress (b. 1908)
1994 - Wilma Rudolph, American runner (b. 1940)
1997 - Carlos Surinach, Spanish composer (b. 1915)
2000 β Leah Rabin, widow of Yitzhak Rabin (b. 1928)
From 2001
2003 - Jonathan Brandis, American actor (b. 1976)
2007 β Ira Levin, American writer (b. 1929)
2008 - Mitch Mitchell, English drummer (b. 1947)
2010 β Henryk Gorecki, Polish composer (b. 1933)
2012 - Sergio Oliva, Cuban-born American bodybuilder (b. 1941)
2013 - Aleksandr Serebrov, Soviet-Russian cosmonaut (b. 1944)
2013 - John Tavener, English composer (b. 1944)
2014 - Warren Clarke, English actor (b. 1947)
2014 - Marge Roukema, American politician (b. 1929)
2014 - Rebekah Gibbs, English actress (b. 1973)
2015 - MΓ‘rton FΓΌlΓΆp, Hungarian footballer (b. 1983)
2015 - Aaron Shikler, American artist (b. 1922)
2015 - Jihadi John, Kuwaiti-British terrorist (b. 1988)
2016 - Lupita Tovar, Mexican-American actress (b. 1910)
2017 - Bernard Panafieu, French cardinal (b. 1931)
2017 - Jack Ralite, French politician (b. 1928)
2017 - Edith Savage-Jennings, American activist (b. 1924)
2017 - Liz Smith, American gossip columnist (b. 1923)
2017 - Santiago Vernazza, Argentine footballer (b. 1928)
2018 - Ananth Kumar, Indian politician (b. 1959)
2018 - Stan Lee, American comic book writer, publisher and actor (b. 1922)
2018 - Igor Luchenok, Belarussian composer (b. 1938)
2018 - David Pearson, American racing driver (b. 1934)
2018 - Stuart H. Walker, American yachtsman (b. 1923)
2019 - Edwin Bramall, British army officer (b. 1923)
2019 - Herb Dickenson, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1931)
2019 - Bob Johnson, American baseball player (b. 1936)
2019 - VΓctor Manuel PΓ©rez Rojas, Venezuelan Roman Catholic prelate (b. 1940)
2019 - Mitsuhisa Taguchi, Japanese footballer (b. 1955)
2020 - Masatoshi Koshiba, Japanese physician (b. 1926)
Observances
Birth of Baha'u'llah (Baha'i faith)
Birth of Sun Yat-sen (Republic of China)
World Pneumonia Day
Constitution Day (Azerbaijan)
Days of the year |
8728 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/September%2014 | September 14 |
Events
Up to 1900
AD 81 Domitian becomes Roman Emperor.
1180 Battle of Ishibashiyama in Japan.
1509 Constantinople is hit by an earthquake, killing 13,000.
1515 After the Battle of Marignano and defeat to French forces, Switzerland declares itself 'for ever' neutral.
1741 George Frideric Handel completes his oratorio Messiah.
1752 The British Empire adopts the Gregorian Calendar. In the change, the dates from September 3 to September 13 are missed out.
1763 Seneca warriors defeat British forces at the Battle of Devil's Hole, during Pontiac's War.
1791 The Papal States lose Avignon to France.
1808 Finnish War: Russian forces defeat Swedish ones in the Battle of Oravais.
1812 Napoleonic Wars: The French Grande ArmΓ©e enters Moscow.
1814 The poem Defense of Fort McHenry is written by Francis Scott Key. The poem is later used for the words in The Star-Spangled Banner.
1829 The Russo-Turkish War ends.
1846 Jang Bahadur and his brothers massacre about 40 members of the Nepalese Royal Court.
1847 Mexican-American War: Winfield Scott captures Mexico City.
1856 Battle of San Jacinto in Nicaragua.
1862 American Civil War: The Battle of South Mountain, part of the Maryland Campaign, is fought.
1897 Battleship SMS Kaiser Wilhelm II is launched.
1900 2000
1901 President of the United States William McKinley dies more than one week after being shot by Leon Czolgosz. He is succeeded by Theodore Roosevelt, who becomes the 26th President of the United States.
1917 Russia is officially proclaimed a Republic.
1923 Miguel Primo de Rivera becomes dictator of Spain.
1939 World War II: The Estonian military boards the Polish submarine ORP Orzel in Tallinn, sparking a diplomatic incident that the Soviet Union will later use to justify taking over Estonia.
1940 The Hungarian army, supported by local Hungarians, kills 158 Romanian civilians in Ip, Salay, Transylvania.
1944 World War II: Maastricht becomes the first Dutch city to be liberated by the Allies.
1954 In a top-secret nuclear test, a Soviet Tu-4 bomber drops a 40-kiloton atomic weapon just north of Totskoye village.
1958 The first two Post-World War II German rockets, designed by engineer Ernst Mohr, reach the upper atmosphere.
1959 The Soviet Lunik 2 probe crashes onto the Moon, becoming the first man-made object to reach the Moon.
1960 The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) is founded.
1960 With CIA help, Mobutu Sese Seko seizes power from Patrice Lumumba in the present-day Democratic Republic of the Congo, suspending the parliament and constitution.
1973 The Gauja National Park is founded in present-day Latvia.
1975 Rembrandt van Rijn's painting, The Night Watch, is attacked and damaged by a man with a knife at the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam.
1975 The first American saint, Elizabeth Ann Seton, is canonized by Pope Paul VI.
1979 President of Afghanistan Nur Muhammad Taraki is deposed and killed on the orders of Hafizullah Amin, who becomes President.
1982 Lebanese President-elect Bachir Gemayel is shot dead.
1982 Grace Kelly dies after becoming seriously injured in a car crash.
1984 Joe Kittinger flies a hot-air balloon across the Atlantic Ocean, becoming the first person to do so.
1985 The Penang Bridge, connecting the island of Penang to mainland Malaysia, is opened.
1987 Baseball: The Toronto Blue Jays set a record for the most home runs in a single game, hitting 10 of them.
1988 Hurricane Gilbert hits Mexico.
1990 Start of the Human Genome Project.
1992 The Constitutional Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina declares the break-away Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia to be illegal.
1994 The Major League Baseball season is cancelled because of a strike.
1999 Kiribati, Tonga and Nauru join the United Nations.
2000 Microsoft releases Windows ME.
From 2001
2003 Estonia approves EU membership.
2003 In a coup in Guinea-Bissau, Kumba Iala is removed from power by Verissimo Correia Seabra, who takes measures towards democratisation of the country.
2007 British bank Northern Rock experiences the first Bank Run in the UK for 150 years.
2008 Sebastian Vettel becomes the youngest Formula One driver to win a Grand Prix.
2008 Aeroflot Flight 821 crashes on approach to Perm Airport, Russia, killing all 88 people on board.
2014 Sweden's parliamentary election ends with the Social Democrats under Stefan LΓΆfven as the largest party.
2015 Australian Prime Minister Tony Abbott loses a vote of confidence within the Liberal Party. Malcolm Turnbull becomes the 29th Prime Minister of Australia the next day.
2015 The first observation of gravitational waves is made.
2017 A series of bomb attacks near Nasiriyah, Iraq, results in 84 deaths.
2018 Hurricane Florence, downgraded to a tropical storm, hits the states of North and South Carolina on the east coast of the United States.
2019 An attack in Saudi Arabia affects 5% of the world's oil supply.
Births
Up to 1900
208 Diadumenian, son of Roman Emperor Macrinus (d. 218)
1169 Alexios II Komnenos, Byzantine Emperor (d. 1183)
1388 Claudius Clavus, Danish geographer (d. 1438)
1486 Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa, German alchemist (d. 1535)
1543 Claudio Aquaviva, Italian Jesuit (d. 1615)
1547 Johan van Oldenbarnevelt, Dutch statesman (d. 1619)
1580 Francisco de Quevedo, Spanish writer (d. 1645)
1605 BrynjΓ³lfur Sveinsson, Icelandic bishop (d. 1675)
1713 Johann Kies, German mathematician (d. 1781)
1721 Eliphalet Dyer, American statesman and judge (d. 1807)
1737 Michael Haydn, Austrian composer (d. 1806)
1760 Luigi Cherubini, Italian composer (d. 1842)
1769 Alexander von Humboldt, German naturalist and explorer (d. 1859)
1774 Lord William Bentinck, British Governor-General of India (d. 1839)
1783 Henry Johnson, Governor of Louisiana (d. 1864)
1817 Theodor Storm, German writer (d. 1888)
1817 Archduke Stephen, Palatine of Hungary (d. 1867)
1827 Hermann Krone, German photographer (d. 1916)
1836 Alfred B. Swineford, American politician (d. 1909)
1837 Nikolai Bugaev, Russian mathematician (d. 1903)
1847 William Edward Ayton, British physicist (d. 1908)
1849 Ivan Pavlov, Russian physiologist, psychologist & physician (d. 1936)
1853 Ponnambayalam Arunachalam, Ceylon Tamil statesman (d. 1924)
1859 Janis Cakste, 1st President of Latvia (d. 1927)
1860 Hamlin Garland, American author and poet (d. 1940)
1864 Robert Cecil, 1st Viscount Cecil of Chelwood, British diplomat (d. 1958)
1867 Charles Dana Gibson, American illustrator (d. 1944)
1868 Theodor Botrel, French singer-songwriter and playwright (d. 1925)
1878 Ion Dragoumis, Greek diplomat, writer and revolutionary (d. 1920)
1879 Margaret Sanger, American birth control activist (d. 1966)
1880 Archie Hahn, German-American runner (d. 1955)
1886 Jan Masaryk, Czech diplomat (d. 1948)
1887 Paul Kochanski, Polish violinist and composer (d. 1934)
1889 Maria Esther de Capovilla, Ecuadorean supercentenarian, World's oldest woman (d. 2006)
1891 Ivan Mitveyevich Vinogradov, Russian mathematician (d. 1983)
1895 Robert A. Lovett, American politician (d. 1986)
1898 Ernest Nash, German-born archaeologist (d. 1974)
1898 Okey L. Patteson, Governor of West Virginia (d. 1989)
1899 Hal B. Wallis, American movie producer (d. 1986)
1901 1950
1901 Alex James, Scottish footballer (d. 1953)
1901 Andrey Vlasov, Russian general (d. 1946)
1902 Nikolay Kamov, Russian engineer (d. 1973)
1902 Giorgos Papasideris, Greek musician (d. 1977)
1902 Alice Tully, American music promoter and philanthropist (d. 1993)
1907 Solomon Asch, Polish-born American psychologist (d. 1996)
1907 Edel Quinn, Irish missionary (d. 1944)
1909 Peter Scott, British naturalist and explorer (d. 1989)
1909 Stuff Smith, American jazz violinist (d. 1967)
1910 Jack Hawkins, British actor (d. 1973)
1912 Eduard von Falz-Fein, Russian-Liechtensteiner businessman, journalist and sportsman (d. 2018)
1913 Jacobo Arbenz, President of Guatemala (d. 1971)
1913 Severino Varela, Uruguayan footballer (d. 1995)
1914 Clayton Moore, American actor (d. 1999)
1914 Pietro Germi, Italian movie director, screenwriter, actor and producer (d. 1995)
1915 John Dobson, American astronomer (d. 2014)
1916 Eric Bentley, English-American critic, playwright and singer
1916 Luis CorvalΓ‘n, Chilean Communist politician (d. 2010)
1917 Rudolf Baumgartner, Swiss conductor and violinist (d. 2002)
1917 Ettore Sottsass, Italian architect and designer (d. 2007)
1919 Gil Langley, Australian cricketer, footballer and politician (d. 2001)
1920 Mario Benedetti, Uruguayan writer (d. 2009)
1920 Lawrence Klein, American economist (d. 2013)
1922 Zizinho, Brazilian footballer (d. 2002)
1923 Ram Jethmalani, Indian lawyer (d. 2019)
1924 Jerry Coleman, American baseball player (d. 2014)
1924 Wim Polak, Mayor of Amsterdam (d. 1999)
1924 Abioseh Nicol, Sierra Leonean diplomat and writer (d. 2004)
1926 Richard Ellsasser, American concert organist, composer and conductor (d. 1972)
1926 Michel Butor, French writer (d. 2016)
1926 Carmen Franco, 1st Duchess of Franco, Spanish noblewoman (d. 2017)
1927 Jim Fanning, American-Canadian baseball player and manager (d. 2015)
1927 Edmund Szoka, American cardinal (d. 2014)
1928 Alberto Korda, Cuban photographer (d. 2001)
1928 Angus Ogilvy, British royal (d. 2004)
1929 Ferdinand Oyono, Cameroonian writer (d. 2010)
1929 Larry Collins, American writer (d. 2005)
1929 Hans Clarin, German actor (d. 2005)
1930 George V. Hansen, American politician (d. 2014)
1930 Eugene I. Gordon, American physicist (d. 2014)
1932 Harry Sinden, Canadian ice hockey player
1934 Sarah Kofman, French philosopher (d. 1994)
1934 Kate Millett, American sculptor, activist and writer (d. 2017)
1935 Amanda Barrie, British actress
1936 Walter Koenig, American actor
1936 Ferid Murad, American physician and pharmacologist
1936 Lucas Samaras, Greek-American painter and sculptor
1937 Renzo Piano, Italian architect
1940 Larry Brown, American basketball player and coach
1940 Jacques Godin, Canadian movie and television actor
1942 Bernard MacLaverty, Northern Irish writer
1943 Marcos Valle, Brazilian singer and musician
1944 GΓΌnter Netzer, German footballer
1947 Sam Neill, New Zealand actor
1949 Steve Gaines, guitarist (Lynyrd Skynyrd) (d. 1977)
1949 Ed King, guitarist (Lynyrd Skynyrd) (d. 2018)
1950 Eugene H. Trinh, Vietnamese-American astronaut
1951 1975
1953 Robert Wisdom, American actor
1956 Kostas Karamanlis, former Prime Minister of Greece
1956 Maxime Verhagen, Dutch politician
1956 Ray Wilkins, English footballer (d. 2018)
1958 Billy Abercromby, Scottish footballer
1959 Morten Harket, Norwegian musician (a-ha)
1960 Callum Keith Rennie, English-Canadian actor
1960 Melissa Leo, American actress
1964 Faith Ford, American actress
1964 Stephen Dunham, American actor (d. 2012)
1965 Mariana Briski, Argentine actress (d. 2014)
1965 Dmitry Medvedev, Prime Minister, and former President, of Russia
1966 Catherine West, English politician
1967 Jens Lien, Norwegian director, producer and screenwriter
1968 Grant Shapps, English politician
1971 Kimberly Williams-Paisley, American actress
1971 Andre Matos, Brazilian singer-songwriter and author
1971 Christopher McCulloch, American voice actor, director and writer
1972 Marc Silk, English voice actor
1973 Nas, American rapper
1974 Sunday Oliseh, Nigerian footballer
1974 Hicham El-Guerrouj, Moroccan athlete
From 1976
1977 Yang Yang, Chinese ice skater
1977 Malik Bendjelloul, Swedish filmmaker and actor (d. 2014)
1977 Alexsandro de Souza, Brazilian footballer
1978 Carmen Kass, Estonian model
1979 Ivica Olic, Croatian footballer
1980 Hip Hop Pantsula, South African rapper (d. 2018)
1980 Ivan Radeljic, Croatian-Bosnian footballer
1981 Yumi Adachi, Japanese actress, model and singer
1981 Ashley Roberts, American singer, dancer and actress (Pussycat Dolls)
1983 Amy Winehouse, English singer-songwriter (d. 2011)
1983 Arash Borhani, Iranian footballer
1984 Lethal Bizzle, English rapper
1984 Adam Lamberg, American actor
1984 Fernanda Vasconcellos, Brazilian actress and model
1986 Ai Takahashi, Japanese singer (Morning Musume)
1986 Tinchy Stryder, English rapper and singer
1986 Steven Naismith, Scottish footballer
1986 Jonathan Monaghan, American artist and animator
1988 Martin Fourcade, French biathlete
1988 Kirsten Haglund, American model
1989 Logan Henderson, American singer-songwriter and actor
1989 Jesse James, American actor
1989 Lee Jong-suk, South Korean actor and model
1989 Jimmy Butler, American basketball player
1990 Cecilie Pedersen, Norwegian footballer
1991 Nana, South Korean singer
1994 Daniel O'Shaughnessy, Finnish footballer
Deaths
Up to 1900
23 Drusus Julius Caesar, son of Tiberius (b. 13 BC)
258 Cyprian, Bishop of Carthage
407 John Chrysostom, Byzantine archbishop (b. 347)
585 Emperor Bidatsu of Japan (b. 538)
775 Constantine V, Byzantine Emperor (b. 718)
891 Pope Stephen V
1164 Emperor Sutoku of Japan (b. 1119)
1214 Albert Avogadro, Italian lawyer and bishop (b. 1149)
1321 Dante Alighieri, Italian writer (b. 1265)
1404 Albert IV, Duke of Austria (b. 1377)
1435 John, Duke of Bedford, regent of England (b. 1389)
1523 Pope Adrian VI (b. 1459)
1538 Henry III of Nassau-Breda (b. 1483)
1605 Jan Tarnowski, Polish archbishop (b. 1550)
1638 John Harvard, American clergyman (b. 1607)
1712 Giovanni Domenico Cassini, Italian-born astronomer (b. 1625)
1759 Louis-Joseph de Montcalm, French military commander (b. 1712)
1836 Aaron Burr, Vice President of the United States (b. 1756)
1851 James Fenimore Cooper, American writer (b. 1789)
1852 Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, British general and Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1769)
1852 Augustus Pugin, English architect (b. 1812)
1862 Charles Pearson, British social reformer (b. 1793)
1898 William Seward Burroughs, American inventor (b. 1857)
1901 2000
1901 William McKinley, 25th President of the United States (b. 1843)
1905 Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza, Italian-French explorer (b. 1852)
1916 JosΓ© Echegaray y Eizaguirre, Spanish writer (b. 1832)
1927 Isadora Duncan, American dancer (b. 1877)
1936 Irving Thalberg, American movie producer (b. 1899)
1936 Ossip Gabrilowitsch, Russian-American pianist and conductor (b. 1878)
1937 Tomas Masaryk, Czech politician (b. 1850)
1951 Fritz Busch, German conductor (b. 1890)
1952 John McPhee, Premier of Tasmania (b. 1874)
1965 Lydia Mei, Estonian artist (b. 1896)
1966 Nikolay Cherkasov, Soviet actor (b. 1903)
1966 Gertrude Berg, American actress (b. 1899)
1970 Rudolf Carnap, German philosopher (b. 1891)
1975 Walter Herbert, German conductor and impresario (b. 1902)
1977 Shogo Kamo, Japanese footballer (b. 1915)
1979 Nur Muhammad Taraki, President of Afghanistan (b. 1917)
1982 Kristjan Eldjarn, 3rd President of Iceland (b. 1916)
1982 Bachir Gemayel, Lebanese politician (b. 1947)
1982 Grace Kelly, American actress, Princess of Monaco (b. 1929)
1984 Janet Gaynor, American actress (b. 1903)
1995 Maurice K. Goddard, American state government official (b. 1912)
1996 Juliet Prowse, British actress and dancer (b. 1937)
1998 Yang Shangkun, Chinese leader (b. 1907)
1999 Charles Crichton, British movie director (b. 1910)
2000 Jerzy Giedroyc, Polish writer and activist (b. 1906)
From 2001
2001 Stelios Kazantzidis, Greek singer (b. 1931)
2003 Yetunde Price, sister of Venus and Serena Williams (b. 1972)
2005 Robert Wise, American movie director and producer (b. 1914)
2006 Mickey Hargitay, Hungarian actor and bodybuilder (b. 1926)
2007 Jacques Martin, French television host and producer (b. 1933)
2009 Patrick Swayze, American actor (b. 1952)
2009 Keith Floyd, British chef (b. 1943)
2011 Rudolf MΓΆssbauer, German physicist (b. 1929)
2012 Stephen Dunham, American actor (b. 1964)
2014 Tony Auth, American cartoonist (b. 1942)
2014 Miroslav Hlinka, Slovakian ice hockey player (b. 1972)
2014 Nicholas Romanov, Prince of Russia, Head of the House of Romanov (b. 1922)
2014 Angus Lennie, Scottish actor (b. 1930)
2014 Boris Khimichev, Russian actor (b. 1933)
2014 Assheton Gorton, British production designer (b. 1930)
2014 Philip Somerville, English milliner (hat maker) (b. 1930)
2015 Corneliu Vadim Tudor, Romanian politician, journalist and writer (b. 1949)
2015 Fred DeLuca, American businessman, co-founder of Subway (b. 1947)
2015 Adam Purple, American environmental activist (b. 1930)
2017 Arnold Chan, Canadian lawyer and politician (b. 1967)
2017 Marcel Herriot, French bishop (b. 1934)
2017 Otto Wanz, Austrian professional wrestler (b. 1943)
2018 Alan Abel, American comedian and writer (b. 1924)
2018 Max Bennett, American jazz bassist (b. 1928)
2018 Anneke GrΓΆnloh, Dutch singer (b. 1942)
2018 Zienia Merton, British actress (b. 1945)
2018 Branko GrΓΌnbaum, Yugoslavian-American mathematician (b. 1929)
2019 John Ralston, American football player and coach (b. 1927)
Observances
Hindi Day (India)
Day of San Jacinto (Nicaragua)
Christian Feast of the Cross
Days of the year |
8729 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/July%2030 | July 30 |
Events
Up to 1900
634 Battle of Ajnadayn: Byzantine Empire forces under Theodore are defeated by the Rashidun Caliphate near Beit Shemesh in present-day Israel.
762 Baghdad is founded.
1419 First Defenestration of Prague: A crowd of radical Hussites kill 7 members of the Prague city council.
1502 Christopher Columbus lands at Guanaja in the Bay of Islands off present-day Honduras during his fourth voyage.
1619 Jamestown, Virginia, the first representative factory in the Americas, the House of Burgesses, meets for the first time.
1629 An earthquake in Naples, Italy, kills around 10,000 people.
1635 Eighty Years' War: The Siege of Schenkenschans begins. Frederick Henry, Prince Orange begins the recapture of the strategically important fortress from the Spanish army.
1656 Swedish forces under Charles X Gustaf of Sweden defeat forces of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth at the Battle of Warsaw.
1676 Nathaniel Bacon issues the "Declaration of the people of Virginia", beginning Bacon's Rebellion, against the rule of Governor William Berkeley.
1729 The city of Baltimore in Maryland is founded.
1775 James Cook returns to England from his second voyage to the Pacific Ocean.
1792 La Marseillaise, the current national anthem of France, is sung for the first time.
1811 The Mexican revolutionary Miguel Hidalgo is executed.
1859 First successful climb of Grand Combin in the Alps.
1863 American Indian Wars: Chief Pocatello of the Shoshone tribe signs the Treaty of Box Elder, agreeing to stop the harassment of emigrant trails in southern Idaho and northern Utah.
1864 American Civil War: Battle of the Crater - Union forces attempt to break Confederate lines at Petersburg, Virginia by exploding a large bomb under their trenches.
1865 The steamboat Brother Jonathan sinks off Crescent City, California, killing 225 passengers.
1871 The Staten Island ferry Westfield'''s boiler explodes, killing over 85 people.
1901 2000
1912 Emperor Meiji of Japan dies, being succeeded by his son Yoshihito, now known as Emperor Taisho.
1917 An earthquake in China kills around 1,800 people.
1930 Uruguay wins the first FIFA World Cup, beating Argentina 4-2 in the final.
1932 The 1932 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, California, begin.
1932 Walt Disney's "Flowers and Trees" is shown for the first time. It is the first cartoon short to use Technicolor and the first Academy Award-winning short.
1945 World War II: Japanese submarine I-58 sinks the USS Indianapolis, killing 883 people.
1956 'In God We Trust' becomes the national motto of the United States.
1962 The Trans-Canada Highway opens.
1965 In the US, the Medicare insurance programme for senior citizens is signed into law.
1966 England wins the FIFA World Cup, beating West Germany 4-2, in a match that included the disputed Wembley Goal.
1971 An All Nippon Airways Boeing 727 aircraft and a Japanese Air Force F-86 plane collide over Morioka, Japan, killing 162 people.
1971 Apollo program: Apollo 15 mission - David Scott and James Irwin on the Apollo Lunar Module Falcon'' land on the Moon with the first Lunar Rover.
1975 Teamsters Union President Jimmy Hoffa disappears from a suburb of Detroit, Michigan, and is never seen or heard from again.
1978 Car traffic in Okinawa switches from the right to the left side of the road.
1980 The New Hebrides become independent, and change their name to Vanuatu.
1991 Luciano Pavarotti celebrates 30 years in opera by giving a free concert in Hyde Park, London.
2000 Norway gifts the Heimaey Stave Church to Iceland to mark the country's 1000 years of Christianity.
From 2001
2003 The last Old Style Volkswagen Beetle rolls off the assembly line in Mexico.
2004 Gas pipeline explodes in the village of Ghislenghien in Belgium, killing 24 people and injuring 132.
2006 The BBC music programme Top of the Pops is shown for the last time, after a run of more than 42 years.
2006 The Israeli air force bombs the town of Qana in Lebanon, killing 28 people.
2007 Movie directors Michelangelo Antonioni and Ingmar Bergman die on the same day as each other.
2008 Radovan Karadzic is transferred to The Hague after being arrested on war crimes charges.
2009 A bomb explodes in Palma Nova, Mallorca, killing 2 police officers. ETA carried out the attack.
2012 A massive power grid failure affects 22 states and over 700 million people in northern India.
2012 A train fire in Andhra Pradesh, India, kills 32 people.
2017 Russian President Vladimir Putin expels 755 American diplomats in response to US sanctions against Russia.
2018 Parliamentary and Presidential elections are held in Zimbabwe, the first ones to take place since the resignation of Robert Mugabe.
Births
Up to 1900
1470 Hongzhi Emperor of China's Ming Dynasty (d. 1505)
1511 Giorgio Vasari, Italian painter, writer and architect (d. 1574)
1549 Ferdinando I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (d. 1609)
1641 Regnier de Graaf, Dutch physician and anatomist (d. 1673)
1683 Countess Sophie of Erbach-Erbach, German aristocrat (d. 1742)
1751 Maria Anna Mozart, Austrian musician (d. 1829)
1763 Samuel Rogers, English poet (d. 1855)
1813 William Spurrell, Welsh printer and publisher (d. 1889)
1818 Emily BrontΓ«, English writer (d. 1848)
1818 Jan Heemskerk, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (d. 1897)
1825 Chaim Aronson, Lithuanian inventor, academic and memoirs writer (d. 1893)
1832 George Lemuel Woods, American lawyer, judge and politician, 3rd Governor of Oregon (d. 1890)
1833 Archduke Karl Ludwig of Austria (d. 1896)
1855 Georg Wilhelm von Siemens, German industrialist (d. 1919)
1856 Richard Burton Haldane, Scottish philosopher, lawyer and statesman (d. 1928)
1857 Thorstein Veblen, American political economist (d. 1929)
1863 Henry Ford, American industrialist (d. 1947)
1872 Princess Clementine of Belgium (d. 1955)
1881 Smedley Butler, American marine general (d. 1940)
1887 Marquard Schwarz, American swimmer (d. 1968)
1888 Werner Jaeger, German classical philologist (d. 1961)
1888 Vladimir Zworykin, Russian-American physicist and inventor (d. 1982)
1890 Casey Stengel, American baseball manager (d. 1975)
1893 Fatimah Jinnah, sister of Muhammad Ali Jinnah (d. 1967)
1895 Wanda Hawley, American actress (d. 1963)
1898 Henry Moore, English sculptor (d. 1986)
1901 1950
1901 Alfred Lepine, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (d. 1955)
1904 Salvador Novo, Mexican writer (d. 1974)
1909 C. Northcote Parkinson, English historian and writer (d. 1993)
1910 Edgar de Evia, Mexican-American photographer (d. 2003)
1914 Lord Killanin, Irish Olympic official (d. 1999)
1915 Francisco Urcuyo MaliaΓ±os, Nicaraguan politician (d. 2001)
1919 Berniece Baker Miracle, American author
1920 Marie Tharp, American scientist (d. 2006)
1925 Antoine Duhamel, French composer (d. 2014)
1925 Jacques Sernas, Lithuanian-French actor (d. 2015)
1925 Stan Stennett, Welsh actor (d. 2013)
1926 Martin Nag, Norwegian writer (d. 2015)
1927 Tony Hiller, British songwriter (d. 2018)
1927 Richard Johnson, English actor, writer and producer (d. 2015)
1927 Victor Wong, American actor (d. 2001)
1928 Joe Nuxhall, American baseball player and sportscaster
1928 Chris Howland, British-German singer, presenter, actor and writer (d. 2013)
1930 Tony Lip, American actor (d. 2013)
1934 Bud Selig, American businessman and Commissioner of Baseball
1936 Buddy Guy, American Blues guitarist and singer
1936 Infanta Pilar of Spain
1938 HervΓ© de Charette, French politician
1939 Peter Bogdanovich, American director
1940 Clive Sinclair, English entrepreneur and inventor
1941 Paul Anka, Lebanese-Canadian singer
1943 Giovanni Goria, 46th Prime Minister of Italy (d. 1994)
1943 Giuseppe Versaldi, Italian cardinal
1944 Peter Bottomley, English politician
1944 Frances de la Tour, English actress
1945 Patrick Modiano, French novelist
1945 David Sanborn, American jazz saxophonist
1947 Françoise Barré-Sinoussi, French virologist and Nobel Prize winner
1947 Arnold Schwarzenegger, Austrian-born actor, bodybuilder and former Governor of California
1947 William Atherton, American actor
1948 Jean Reno, Moroccan-French actor
1948 James H. Burnley IV, American politician
1950 Harriet Harman, British politician
1950 Frank Stallone, American singer
1951 1975
1954 Ken Olin, American actor, producer and actor
1955 Christopher Warren-Green, English violinist and conductor
1957 Bill Cartwright, American basketball player
1957 Nery Pumpido, Argentine footballer
1958 Kate Bush, British singer
1958 Daley Thompson, British athlete
1958 Neal McCoy, American singer-songwriter
1959 Petra Felke, German athlete
1960 Jennifer Barnes, American-English musicologist and academic
1960 Richard Linklater, American director
1961 Laurence Fishburne, American actor
1962 Yakub Memon, Indian terrorist (d. 2015)
1963 Lisa Kudrow, American actress
1963 Chris Mullin, American basketball player
1964 JΓΌrgen Klinsmann, German footballer
1964 Alek Keshishian, Lebanese-American director
1966 Craig Gannon, English guitarist and songwriter
1966 Lisa Madigan, American politician
1968 Sean Moore, Welsh musician (Manic Street Preachers)
1968 Robert Korzeniowski, Polish race walker
1968 Terry Crews, American actor
1968 Sofie Grabol, Danish actress
1969 Simon Baker, Australian-American actor
1969 Errol Stewart, South African cricketer and lawyer
1970 Alun Cairns, Welsh politician
1970 Christopher Nolan, English movie director
1971 Claude Dambury, French footballer
1971 Tom Green, American actor and comedian
1971 Christine Taylor, American actress
1973 Sonu Nigam, Indian singer
1973 Dean Edwards, American actor and comedian
1973 Clementa C. Pinckney, American pastor and politician (d. 2015)
1974 Hilary Swank, American actress
1974 Jason Robinson, English rugby player
From 1976
1977 Diana Bolocco, Chilean model and journalist
1977 Misty May-Treanor, American volleyball player and coach
1977 Derek Mackay, Scottish politician
1977 Ian Watkins, Welsh singer
1977 Jaime Pressly, American actress
1979 Graeme McDowell, Northern Irish golfer
1980 Justin Rose, English golfer
1981 Nicky Hayden, American motorcycle racer (d. 2017)
1981 Hope Solo, American soccer player
1981 Lisa Goldstein, American actress
1982 Yvonne Strahovski, Australian actress
1982 James Anderson, English cricketer
1983 Sean Dillon, Irish footballer
1985 Daniel Friedheim Holm, Norwegian footballer
1988 Lara Jean Marshall, English-Australian actress, singer and dancer
1990 Coco Sumner, British singer-songwriter and guitarist
1991 Diana Vickers, British singer
1992 Fabiano Caruana, American chess player
1992 Hannah Cockroft, British Paralympic athlete
1993 Miho Miyazaki, Japanese singer (AKB48)
1995 Jorge Cori, Peruvian chess player
1995 Hirving Lozano, Mexican footballer
1999 Joey King, American actress
2002 Prince Hridayendra of Nepal, Nepalese Royal
Deaths
Up to 1900
578 Jacob Baradaeus, bishop of Edessa
579 Pope Benedict I
734 Tatwine, Archbishop of Canterbury
1540 Thomas Abel, English priest and martyr (b. 1497)
1540 Robert Barnes, English martyr and reformer (b. 1495)
1652 Charles AmΓ©dΓ©e de Savoie, 6th Duc de Nemours, French soldier (b. 1624)
1680 Thomas Butler, Earl of Ossory, Irish naval commander (b. 1634)
1683 Maria Theresa of Spain, queen of Louis XIV of France (b. 1638)
1691 Daniel Georg Morhof, German writer and scholar (b. 1639)
1715 Nahum Tate, Irish poet (b. 1652)
1718 William Penn, English founder of the Province of Pennsylvania (b. 1644)
1771 Thomas Gray, English poet and letter-writer (b. 1716)
1789 Giovanna Bonanno, Italian poisoner and alleged witch (b. 1713)
1811 Miguel Hidalgo, Mexican revolutionary (b. 1753)
1875 George Pickett, American Confederate general (b. 1825)
1898 Otto von Bismarck, German chancellor (b. 1815)
1900 Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (b. 1844)
1901 2000
1908 James Budd, Governor of California (b. 1851)
1912 Emperor Meiji, Japanese emperor (b. 1852)
1918 Joyce Kilmer, American poet (b. 1886)
1927 Albert Gustaf Dahlman, Swedish executioner (b. 1848)
1930 Joan Gamper, Swiss-Catalan businessman (b. 1877)
1938 John Derbyshire, English swimmer and water polo player (b. 1878)
1947 Joseph Cook, sixth Prime Minister of Australia (b. 1860)
1949 Stoyan Danev, Prime Minister of Bulgaria (b. 1858)
1965 Jun'ichiro Tanizaki, Japanese writer (b. 1886)
1970 George Szell, Hungarian conductor (b. 1897)
1971 Kenneth Slessor, Australian poet (b. 1901)
1978 Umberto Nobile, Italian airship pioneer (b. 1885)
1983 Lynn Fontanne, stage and movie actress (b. 1887)
1985 Julia Hall Bowman Robinson, American mathematician (b. 1919)
1986 John N. Dalton, American politician, Governor of Virginia (b. 1931)
1992 Joe Shuster, Canadian comic artist (b. 1914)
1992 Brenda Marshall, American actress (b. 1915)
1996 Claudette Colbert, French-American actress (b. 1903)
1996 Magda Schneider, German actress and singer (b. 1909)
1997 Bao Dai, Vietnamese Emperor (b. 1913)
1998 Buffalo Bob Smith, American television host (b. 1917)
From 2001
2001 Anton Schwarzkopf, German engineer (b. 1924)
2003 Sam Phillips, American record producer (b. 1923)
2005 John Garang, South Sudanese politician (b. 1945)
2006 Murray Bookchin, American Libertarian socialist (b. 1921)
2007 Michelangelo Antonioni, Italian movie director (b. 1912)
2007 Ingmar Bergman, Swedish movie director (b. 1918)
2007 Teoctist Arapasu, Romanian Orthodox Church Patriarch (b. 1915)
2008 Anne Armstrong, American diplomat (b. 1927)
2009 Peter Zadek, German theatre director (b. 1926)
2009 Mohammed Yusuf, Nigerian Islamist militant (Boko Haram) (b. 1970)
2011 Mario Echandi JimΓ©nez, President of Costa Rica (b. 1915)
2012 Chris Marker, French movie maker (b. 1921)
2012 Maeve Binchy, Irish writer (b. 1940)
2013 Harry F. Byrd, Jr., American politician (b. 1914)
2013 Antoni Ramallets, Catalan-Spanish footballer (b. 1924)
2013 Robert Neelly Bellah, American sociologist (b. 1927)
2014 Julio Grondona, Argentine football executive (b. 1931)
2014 Dick Wagner, American rock guitarist (b. 1942)
2014 Dick Smith, American special effects make-up artist (b. 1922)
2014 Peter Hall, British urban planner (b. 1932)
2014 Harun Farocki, German filmmaker and author (b. 1944)
2014 Manfred Roeder, German Wehrmacht soldier and far-right activist (b. 1929)
2015 Yakub Memon, Indian terrorist (b. 1962)
2015 Lynn Anderson, American country singer (b. 1947)
2015 Jerome Kohlberg, Jr., American businessman (b. 1925)
2015 Alana Vrzanova, Czech figure skater (b. 1931)
2017 Tato Cifuentes, Chilean-born Argentine actor and singer (b. 1925)
2017 Ciro Cirillo, Italian politician (b. 1921)
2017 H. Sayeeduddin Dagar, Indian singer (b. 1939)
2017 Paulo Garcia, Brazilian politician (b. 1959)
2017 Slim Mahfoudh, Tunisian actor (b. 1942)
2018 Andreas Kappes, German cyclist (b. 1965)
2018 Khayyam Mirzazade, Azerbaijani composer and professor (b. 1935)
2018 Ron Dellums, American politician (b. 1935)
2018 Michael A. Sheehan, American author (b. 1955)
2019 Marcian Bleahu, Romanian geologist, writer and politician (b. 1924)
Observances
Independence Day (Vanuatu)
International Friendship Day
Throne Day (Morocco)
Days of the year |
8730 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/September%2028 | September 28 |
Events
Up to 1900
48 BC β Pompey the Great is assassinated on orders of King Ptolemy of Egypt after landing in Egypt. It may have occurred on September 29, his 58th birthday, but records are unclear.
235 - Pope Pontian resigns.
365 - Roman usurper Procopius bribes two legions passing by Constantinople and proclaims himself Roman Emperor.
935 - Saint Wenceslas is murdered by his brother, Boleslaus I of Bohemia.
1066 β William the Conqueror invades England.
1106 β The Battle of Tinchebrai β Henry I of England defeats his brother, Robert Curthose.
1238 - Muslim Valencia surrenders to the besieging King James I of Aragon the Conqueror.
1322 β Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor defeats Frederick I of Austria in the Battle of MΓΌhldorf.
1448 β Christian I is crowned king of Denmark.
1538 - The Ottoman Navy scores a decisive victory over the Holy League fleet in the Battle of Preveza.
1542 β Navigator Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo of Portugal arrives as what is now San Diego.
1708 β Peter the Great defeats the Swedes at the Battle of Lesnaya.
1779 β Samuel Huntington is elected President of the Continental Congress, succeeding John Jay.
1781 β American forces backed by a French fleet begin the siege of Yorktown Heights, Virginia during the American Revolutionary War.
1787 β The just completed United States Constitution is voted on by the United States Congress to be sent to the State legislatures for approval.
1791 - France becomes the first country to emancipate its Jewish population.
1820 β The tomato is publicly proven safe when Robert Johnson eats a bushel (24Β kg) of tomatoes in Salem, Massachusetts.
1821 β Mexico signs its final Declaration of Independence.
1823 β Leo XII is elected as pope.
1844 β Oscar I of Sweden-Norway is crowned king of Sweden.
1867 β Toronto becomes the capital of Ontario.
1867 - The US takes control of Midway Island, northwest of Hawaii.
1868 β Battle of Alcolea, causes Queen Isabella II of Spain to flee to France.
1871 β Brazil passes law freeing future children of slaves.
1885 - Riots break out in Montreal to protest against having to have smallpox vaccination.
1889 - The first Conference of General Weights and Measurements is held.
1892 - The first night match in American football takes place, between Wyoming Seminary and Mansfield State Normal.
1893 - FC Porto is founded.
1901 2000
1901 - Philippine-American War: Filipino guerrillas kill more than 40 American soldiers and lose 28 of their own, in a surprise attack in the town of Balangiga on Samar Island.
1907 - The football club Real Sociedad is founded in Cantabria, Northern Spain.
1912 - Corporal Frank S. Scott of the United States Army becomes the first enlisted official to die in an airplane crash, along with Lewis C. Rockwell at College Park, Maryland.
1919 - In a referendum, most voters in Luxembourg decide to keep the monarchy.
1928 β The UK passes the Dangerous Drugs Act.
1928 - Alexander Fleming discovers penicillin.
1934 β Ocean liner RMS Queen Mary is launched at Clydebank.
1939 β Germany and the Soviet Union agree on a division of Poland after their invasion during World War II.
1939 β Warsaw surrenders to Nazi Germany during World War II.
1944 β Battle of Arnhem β Germans defeat British airborne at Arnhem, Netherlands.
1950 β Indonesia joins the UN.
1951 - CBS makes the first color televisions available for sale to the general public, though withdraws them less than a month later.
1958 β Guinea votes for independence from France.
1958 β France ratifies a new constitution; the Fifth Republic of France is formed.
1960 β Mali and Senegal join the UN.
1961 β A military coup in Damascus, Syria effectively ends the United Arab Republic, the union between Egypt and Syria.
1964 - The Warren Commission concludes there was no conspiracy in the assassination of John F. Kennedy.
1969 β Willy Brandt is elected Chancellor of Germany.
1970 β Gamal Abdel Nasser dies, and is succeeded by Anwar Sadat as President of Egypt.
1971 β UK Misuse of Drugs Act β medicinal cannabis is banned.
1972 β Paul Henderson scores the goal to win the Canada/USSR (ice hockey) "Summit Series".
1973 β ITT Building in New York City is bombed to protest ITT's involvement in the September 11 Coup in Chile.
1976 β R&B singer Stevie Wonder releases the classic double album Songs in the Key of Life.
1978 β Pope John Paul I dies after just 33 days as Pope.
1979 - Larry Holmes wins his Heavyweight World Boxing Title fight against Ernie Shavers.
1987 β "Encounter at Farpoint", the first episode of TV show Star Trek: The Next Generation airs.
1992 - An Airbus A300 of Pakistan International Airlines strikes a mountain near Kathmandu, killing all 117 on board.
1994 β The car ferry MS Estonia sinks in Baltic Sea, killing 852 people.
1995 β Bob Denard and a group of mercenaries take the islands of Comoros in a coup.
2000 β Former Canadian Prime Minister Pierre Elliott Trudeau dies.
2000 β Al-Aqsa Intifada begins after the visit of Ariel Sharon to the Al-Aqsa Mosque.
2000 - In a referendum in Denmark, a majority of voters reject the Euro currency.
From 2001
2003 β A widespread power outage affects Italy.
2004 β Wayne Rooney makes his long-awaited Manchester United debut, scoring a hat-trick in the 6-2 Champions League victory.
2009 β 157 protesters are killed in Guinea, as they demonstrated against the military rule of Moussa Dadis Camara.
2010 β A massive landslide kills at least 7 people in Oaxaca, Mexico.
2012 - A plane crashes shortly after take-off from Kathmandu and bursts into flames, killing all 19 people on board.
2013 - Pakistan is struck by a second earthquake, after one of magnitude 7.7 struck four days earlier.
2013 - Several ministers from Silvio Berlusconi's party resign from the coalition government of Enrico Letta in Italy.
2014 - Europe wins its third Ryder Cup golf championship in-a-row, defeating the United States at Gleneagles, Scotland.
2016 - International investigators conclude that Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 was shot down by a Buk missile that came from Russia.
2018 - 2018 Sulawesi earthquake and tsunami: The Indonesian island of Sulawesi is hit by a magnitude 7.5 earthquake and a tsunami, killing an estimated 4,340 people.
Births
Up to 1900
551 BC - Confucius, Chinese philosopher (d. 479 BC)
616 - Javanshir, Albanian King (d. 680)
1493 β Agnolo Firenzuola, Italian poet (d. 1545)
1555 - Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne, Duke of Bouillon, Marshal of France (d. 1623)
1573 β Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio, Italian artist (d. 1610)
1605 β Ismael Bullialdus, French astronomer (d. 1694)
1667 β Asano Naganori, Japanese warlord (d. 1701)
1681 - Johann Mattheson, German composer (d. 1764)
1698 - Pierre-Louis Maupertuis, French polymath (d. 1759)
1705 - Johann Peter Kellner, German organist and composer (d. 1772)
1735 - Augustus FitzRoy, 3rd Duke of Grafton, Prime Minister of Great Britain (d. 1811)
1746 - William Jones, English philologist (d. 1794)
1765 - Pope Gregory XVI (d. 1846)
1797 - Fyodor Litke, Russian geographer, navigator and Arctic explorer (d. 1882)
1803 - Prosper MΓ©rimΓ©e, French writer (d. 1870)
1809 - Alvan Wentworth Chapman, American physician and botanist (d. 1899)
1811 - Friedrich Hecker, German-American lawyer, politician and revolutionary (d. 1881)
1819 - Narcis Monturiol i Estarriol, Catalan engineer, artist and inventor (d. 1885)
1821 - Jonathan Clarkson Gibbs, American politician (d. 1874)
1823 β Alexandre Cabanel, French painter (d. 1889)
1828 - Friedrich Albert Lange, German philosopher (d. 1875)
1836 β Thomas Crapper, English inventor (d. 1910)
1838 β Sai Baba of Shirdi, Indian national saint (d. 1918)
1841 β Georges Clemenceau, French politician (d. 1929)
1844 - Robert Stout, Scottish-New Zealand lawyer and politician, 13th Prime Minister of New Zealand (d. 1930)
1852 β Henri Moissan, French chemist (d. 1907)
1859 - Alfredo Baquerizo, President of Ecuador (d. 1951)
1860 β Paul Ulrich Villard, French chemist and physicist (d. 1934)
1863 - King Carlos I of Portugal (d. 1908)
1865 - AmΓ©lie of OrlΓ©ans (d. 1951)
1867 β Hiranuma Kiichiro, Prime Minister of Japan (d. 1952)
1871 β Pietro Badoglio, Italian soldier and politician (d. 1956)
1871 - Fred P. Cone, Governor of Florida (d. 1948)
1878 - Joseph Ruddy, American freestyle swimmer and water polo player (d. 1962)
1882 - Alexander Kutupov, Russian general (d. 1930)
1887 β Avery Brundage, American sports official, President of the International Olympic Committee (d. 1975)
1889 - Jack Fournier, American baseball player (d. 1973)
1892 - Elmer Rice, American dramatist (d. 1973)
1893 - Giannis Skaribas, Greek writer and dramatist (d. 1984)
1895 - Prentice Cooper, 36th Governor of Tennessee (d. 1969)
1901 1950
1901 β Ed Sullivan, American television host (d. 1974)
1901 - William S. Paley, American radio and TV executive (d. 1990)
1905 β Max Schmeling, German boxer (d. 2005)
1907 - Heikki Savolainen, Finnish gymnast (d. 1997)
1909 - Al Capp, American cartoonist (d. 1979)
1910 β Diosdado Macapagal, President of the Philippines (d. 1997)
1914 - Maria Franziska von Trapp, Austrian-American singer (d. 2014)
1915 β Ethel Rosenberg, American alleged spy (d. 1953)
1916 β Peter Finch, British actor (d. 1997)
1918 - Willi Ritschard, Swiss politician (d. 1983)
1923 - William Windom, American actor (d. 2012)
1924 β Rudolf Barshai, Russian conductor and violist (d. 2010)
1924 - Giuseppe Chiappella, Italian footballer (d. 2009)
1924 β Marcello Mastroianni, Italian actor (d. 1996)
1925 β Seymour Cray, American computer scientist (d. 1996)
1928 β Koko Taylor, American blues musician (d. 2009)
1930 - Immanuel Wallerstein, American sociologist and social scientist (d. 2019)
1932 β VΓctor Jara, Chilean singer and songwriter (d. 1973)
1933 - Madeleine M. Kunin, Swiss-born American politician, 77th Governor of Vermont
1933 - Miguel Berrocal, Spanish sculptor (d. 2006)
1934 β Brigitte Bardot, French actress and animal activist
1935 - Pierre Ryckmans, Belgian-Australian writer and diplomat (d. 2014)
1935 - Heather Sears, English actress (d. 1994)
1938 β Ben E. King, American singer (d. 2015)
1938 - Myechyslaw Hryb, former President of Belarus
1939 - Elbridge Bryant, American tenor (d. 1975)
1939 - Iain MacCormick, Scottish politician (d. 2014)
1939 - Rudolph Walker, Trinidadian-English actor
1939 - Stuart Kauffman, American physician and biologist
1941 β David Lewis, American philosopher (d. 2001)
1941 β Edmund Stoiber, German politician
1942 - Donna Leon, American writer
1942 - Tim Maia, Brazilian musician and songwriter (d. 1998)
1943 - Nick St. Nicholas, German-Canadian musician (Steppenwolf)
1944 - Yoshitada Yamaguchi, Japanese footballer
1944 - Milos Zeman, former Prime Minister, and current President, of the Czech Republic
1946 β Helen Shapiro, English singer
1947 β Bob Carr, former Premier of New South Wales
1947 β Sheikh Hasina, Prime Minister of Bangladesh
1947 β Jon Snow, English broadcast journalist
1949 - Jim Henshaw, Canadian actor, screenwriter and producer
1949 - George Kerevan, Scottish journalist, economist and politician, former SNP MP
1950 β John Sayles, American director and screenwriter
1950 β Laurie Lewis, American musician
1951 1975
1951 - Jim Diamond, Scottish singer (d. 2015)
1952 β Sylvia Kristel, Dutch actress, model and singer (d. 2012)
1953 - Otmar Hasler, 11th Prime Minister of Liechtenstein
1954 - Margot WallstrΓΆm, Swedish politician
1955 β StΓ©phane Dion, Canadian politician
1960 β Jennifer Rush, American singer
1960 - Socrates B. Villegas, Filipino archbishop
1960 - Kamlesh Patel, Baron Patel of Bradford, English politician
1961 - Quentin Kawananakoa, claimant to the throne of Hawaii
1961 - Yordanka Donkova, Bulgarian athlete
1961 - George Rossi, Scottish actor (d. 2022)
1964 - Janeane Garofalo, American actress and comedienne
1964 β Paul Jewell, English football manager
1965 - Christopher Evan Welch, American actor (d. 2013)
1966 - Ginger Fish, American musician
1966 - Maria Canals-Barrera, American actress
1966 - Leilani Sarelle, American actress
1967 - Mira Sorvino, American actress
1968 β Mika Hakkinen, Finnish racing driver
1968 β Naomi Watts, English-Australian actress
1969 - Angus Robertson, Scottish politician, SNP Deputy leader and former MP
1970 β Kimiko Date-Krumm, Japanese tennis player
1970 - Jo Wyatt, English singer and actress
1971 - George Eustice, English politician
1971 - Joseph Arthur, American singer
1972 β Dita Von Teese, American Burlesque dancer
1974 - Joonas Kolkka, Finnish footballer
From 1976
1976 - Fedor Emelianenko, Russian mixed martial artist
1977 - Ireneusz Marcinkowski, Polish footballer
1978 - Peter Cambor, American actor
1978 β Bushido, German rapper and musician
1979 β Bam Margera, American skateboarder and actor
1981 β Jorge Guagua, Ecuadorean footballer
1981 - Melissa Claire Egan, American actress
1982 - Takeshi Aoki, Japanese footballer
1982 β Abhinav Bindra, Indian Olympic shooter
1982 β Ray Emery, Canadian ice hockey player
1982 β Ranbir Kapoor, Indian actor
1982 - Matt Cohen, American actor
1982 - St. Vincent, American singer-songwriter and producer
1983 - Richard Henyekane, South African footballer (d. 2015)
1983 - Sarah Wright, American actress and model
1984 β Mathieu Valbuena, French footballer
1984 β Melody Thornton, American singer
1984 - Yvonne Ploetz, German politician
1985 - Shindong, South Korean singer and actor (Super Junior)
1986 - AndrΓ©s Guardado, Mexican footballer
1987 β Hilary Duff, American actress and singer
1988 β Marin Cilic, Croatian tennis player
1988 β EsmΓ©e Denters, Dutch singer
1989 - Darius Johnson-Odom, American basketball player
1990 β Kirsten Prout, Canadian actress
1992 β Skye McCole Bartusiak, American actress (d. 2014)
1993 - Jodie Williams, English athlete
2000 - Frankie Jonas, American actor
Deaths
Up to 1900
48 BC β Pompey the Great, Roman consul (born 106 BC)
235 β Saint Pontianus, Pope
876 β Louis the German, King of Eastern Francia (born 804)
935 β Wenceslaus I, Duke of Bohemia (born 907)
1104 β Pedro I, king of Aragon and Navarre (born 1068)
1197 β Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor (born 1165)
1582 - George Buchanan, Scottish philosopher and historian (born 1506)
1781 - William Henry Nassau de Zuylestein, 4th Earl of Rochford, British statesman and diplomat (born 1717)
1797 - Gunning Bedford, Jr., American politician, Governor of Delaware (born 1742)
1829 - Nikolay Nikolayevich Raevsky, Russian general (born 1771)
1844 - Pyotr Aleksandrovich Tolstoy, Russian general and statesman (born 1769)
1859 β Carl Ritter, German geographer (born 1779)
1891 β Herman Melville, American writer (born 1819)
1895 β Louis Pasteur, French scientist (born 1822)
1899 - Giovanni Segantini, Italian-Swiss painter (born 1858)
1901 2000
1907 - Frederick I, Grand Duke of Baden (born 1826)
1914 - Richard Sears, American businessman (born 1863)
1918 - Eduard von Keyserling, German writer and dramatist (born 1835)
1935 - William Kennedy Dickson, French-Scottish actor, director, producer and inventor (born 1860)
1935 - Hans Baluschek, German painter (born 1870)
1938 - Charles Duryea, American automobile manufacturer (born 1861)
1939 - William Dunlap, American painter and writer (born 1866)
1949 - Chrysanthus, Greek Orthodox Archbishop of Athens (born 1881)
1953 - Edwin Hubble, American astronomer (born 1891)
1956 β William Boeing, American aviation manufacturer (born 1881)
1959 β Rudolf Caracciola, German racing driver (born 1901)
1964 β Harpo Marx, American comedian and actor (born 1888)
1966 - AndrΓ© Breton, French poet (born 1896)
1970 β Gamal Abdel Nasser, President of Egypt (born 1918)
1978 β Pope John Paul I (born 1912)
1979 - John Herbert Chapman, Canadian physicist (born 1921)
1981 β Romulo Betancourt, President of Venezuela (born 1908)
1989 β Ferdinand Marcos, President of the Philippines (born 1917)
1990 - Larry O'Brien, American commissioner of the NBA (born 1917)
1991 β Miles Davis, American musician (born 1926)
1994 - Urmas Alender, Estonian singer (born 1953)
1994 β JosΓ© Francisco Ruiz Massieu, Mexican politician (assassinated) (born 1946)
2000 β Pierre Elliott Trudeau, fifteenth Prime Minister of Canada (born 1919)
From 2001
2003 - Yukichi Chuganji, Japanese supercentenarian (b. 1889)
2003 β Althea Gibson, American tennis player (b. 1927)
2003 - Elia Kazan, Greek-born American movie director (b. 1909)
2003 - Olle Anderberg, Swedish wrestler (b. 1919)
2009 β Guillermo Endara, President of Panama (b. 1936)
2010 β Arthur Penn, American screenwriter (b. 1922)
2012 - Michael O'Hare, American actor (b. 1952)
2014 - Petr Skoumal, Czech musician and composer (b. 1938)
2014 - Dannie Abse, Welsh writer (b. 1923)
2015 - Ignacio Zoco, Spanish footballer (b. 1939)
2015 - Michael Burgess, Canadian actor and tenor (b. 1945)
2015 - Walter Dale Miller, American politician, 29th Governor of South Dakota (b. 1925)
2015 - Frank Martinus Arion, Dutch Antillean writer (b. 1936)
2015 - Frankie Ford, American singer (b. 1939)
2016 - Shimon Peres, former President of Israel, Nobel Peace Prize laureate (b. 1923)
2016 - Agnes Nixon, American television writer and producer (b. 1922)
2017 - Antonio Isasi-Isasmendi, Spanish film director (b. 1927)
2017 - Lee Hsin, Taiwanese politician (b. 1953)
2017 - Daniel Pe'er, Israeli television presenter (b. 1943)
2017 - JΓΌrgen Roth, German journalist (b. 1945)
2017 - Benjamin Whitrow, British actor (b. 1937)
2017 - Andreas Schmidt, German actor (b. 1963)
2018 - Barnabas Sibusiso Dlamini, Prime minister of Swaziland (b. 1942)
2018 - Ito Giani, Italian sprinter (b. 1941)
2018 - Bob Jane, Australian racing driver and entrepreneur (b. 1929)
2019 - JosΓ© Aldunate, Chilean Roman Catholic prelate and activist (b. 1917)
2019 - Ismail Petra of Kelantan, Malaysian royal (b. 1949)
2019 - Jan Kobuszewski, Polish actor (b. 1934)
2019 - JosΓ© JosΓ©, Mexican singer and actor (b. 1948)
2019 - Mark Zakharov, Russian theatre and film director (b. 1933)
Holidays and observances
RC Saints β St. Wenceslas, Lorenzo Ruiz - Also see September 28 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
Czech Republic β Czech Statehood Day
Taiwan β Teacher's Day (Confucius' birthday)
World Heart Day
World Rabies Day
Ask a Stupid Question Day (United States)
Other websites
BBC: On This Day
Days of the year |
8731 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/February%206 | February 6 |
Events
Up to 1900
1643 - Abel Tasman becomes the first European to reach Fiji.
1649 β The Parliament of Scotland declares the future Charles II as King.
1685 β James II of England/James VII of Scotland becomes King.
1778 - American Revolutionary War: France recognizes the United States as an independent republic.
1788 β Massachusetts becomes a U.S. state.
1788 β Female convicts are landed at Sydney, leading to a wild night of sex, rape and a riot.
1795 - The First Boer Republic is founded in protest against the Dutch East India Company.
1806 - Battle of Santo Domingo: British naval victory against the French in the Caribbean.
1815 - New Jersey grants the first American railroad charter to John Stevens.
1819 β Singapore is founded.
1820 β Liberia is founded.
1833 β Otto becomes the first King of modern Greece.
1840 β New Zealand is founded with the Treaty of Waitangi.
1843 - The US' first minstrel show, the Virginia Minstrels, begins at Bowery Amphitheatre in new York City.
1851 - Widespread bushfires affect the state of Victoria, Australia.
1862 - American Civil War: The United States Navy gives the Union its first victory of the war, capturing Fort Henry, Tennessee in the Battle of Fort Henry.
1886 β German chemist Clemens Winkler discovers the chemical element Germanium.
1899 - Spanish-American War: The United States Senate accepts the Treaty of Paris between the United States and Spain.
1900 - An international court of law is created in The Hague, Netherlands.
1901 2000
1911 - 40th President of the United States, Ronald Reagan, is born in Tampico, Illinois.
1917 - The first International Sami Conference takes place in Trondheim, Norway.
1918 β In the United Kingdom, women over the age of 30 years get the right to vote.
1919 - Women aged 21 or over are given the right to vote in Luxembourg.
1922 - Achille Ratti is elected Pope Pius XI.
1934 - Far-right groups rally in front of the Palais Bourbon in an attempted coup against the French Third Republic, creating a political crisis in France.
1936 β The Winter Olympics in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany, begin.
1942 - World War II: The United Kingdom declares war on Siam, present-day Thailand.
1951 - A Pennsylvania railroad passenger train crashes off the track near Woodbridge Township, New Jersey, killing 85 people.
1952 β Accession to the throne of Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom, after the death of George VI.
1958 β Munich Air Disaster: A plane whose passengers include several Manchester United footballers, crashes shortly after take-off in blizzard conditions in Munich, Germany.
1959 - American Jack Kilby applies for a patent for the Integrated circuit.
1968 β The 1968 Winter Olympics began in Grenoble, France.
1971 β NASA astronaut Alan Shepard becomes the first person to play golf on the Moon.
1973 β Construction begins on the CN Tower in Toronto, Canada.
1978 β New England is hit by a major snowstorm.
1981 - The National Resistance Army of Uganda launches an attack on the Ugandan Army installation in the Central Mubenda District, starting the Ugandan Bush War.
1988 - Michael Jordan makes his signature slam dunk from the free throw line.
1989 β Berlin Wall: Chris Gueffroy becomes the last person to die while trying to escape from East Berlin to West Berlin over the Berlin Wall.
1989 β Talks begin in Warsaw between Poland's Communist leaders and respresentatives of the Solidarity movement.
1994 β American pop rock band Maroon 5 is formed. (As Kara's Flowers)
1996 - Birgenair Flight 301 crashes off the west coast of the Dominican Republic, killing all 189 people on board. It is the worst accident to involve a Boeing 757.
1998 β Washington, DC's National Airport is renamed in honour of Ronald Reagan.
1999 β An Indonesian ferry sinks off Borneo with the loss of more than 300 lives.
2000 - Second Chechen War: Russia captures Grozny.
From 2001
2005 β Super Bowl XXXIX: The New England Patriots beat the Philadelphia Eagles 24β21. During this game, American Dad! is shown for the first time.
2006 β Stephen Harper becomes Prime Minister of Canada.
2012 - Queen Elizabeth II marks 60 years on the throne as Queen of the United Kingdom and several countries in the Commonwealth of Nations, becoming only the second British monarch, after Queen Victoria, to reach this milestone.
2016 - A major earthquake strikes Taiwan, mainly in the south of the island. A collapsed tower block kills at least 116 people and leaves up to 100 missing.
2018 - SpaceX successfully launches its Falcon Heavy rocket.
2018 - A major earthquake strikes the northeast of Taiwan, including the city of Hualien.
2018 - "Cheddar Man", the earliest-known human known to have lived in present-day Great Britain, 9,000 year ago, is revealed to have had dark skin and blue eyes.
Births
Up to 1800
1347 - Dorothea of Montau, Prussian saint (d. 1394)
1452 β Joan, Princess of Portugal (d. 1490)
1465 - Scipione del Ferro, Italian mathematician (d. 1526)
1582 - Mario Bettinus, Italian philosopher, mathematician and astronomer (d. 1657)
1605 - Bernard of Corleone, Italian saint (d. 1667)
1608 - Antonio Vieira, Portuguese writer (d. 1697)
1611 β Chongzhen, Emperor of China (d. 1644)
1612 - Antoine Arnauld, French theologian, philosopher and mathematician (d. 1694)
1636 - Heiman Dullaart, Dutch painter (d. 1684)
1643 β Johann Casimir Kolbe von Wartenberg, 1st Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Prussia (d. 1712)
1664 β Mustafa II, Ottoman Sultan (d. 1703)
1665 β Anne, Queen of England, Ireland and Scotland (d. 1714)
1726 - Patrick Russell, Scottish surgeon and naturalist (d. 1805)
1730 - Januarius Zick, German painter (d. 1797)
1736 - Franz Xaver Messerschmidt, German-Austrian sculptor (d. 1783)
1744 - Pierre-Joseph Desault, French anatomist and surgeon (d. 1795)
1748 β Adam Weishaupt, German philosopher (d. 1811)
1753 - Evariste de Parny, French poet (d. 1814)
1756 β Aaron Burr, 3rd Vice President of the United States (d. 1836)
1757 - Julian Ursan Niemcewicz, Polish scholar and statesman (d. 1841)
1778 - Ugo Foscolo, Italian writer and poet (d. 1827)
1797 - Joseph van Radowitz, Prussian statesman and general (d. 1853)
1799 - George Arnott Walker-Arnott, Scottish botanist (d. 1868)
1801 1900
1802 β Charles Wheatstone, English physicist and inventor (d. 1875)
1811 β Henry George Liddell, English philologist and lexicographer (d. 1898)
1818 - William M. Evarts, American lawyer and statesman (d. 1901)
1818 - Jenaro Quesada y Matheus, Spanish nobleman and politician (d. 1889)
1832 - John Brown Gordon, 32nd Governor of Georgia (d. 1904)
1833 - Jose Maria de Pereda, Spanish novelist (d. 1906)
1838 - Henry Irving, British actor (d. 1905)
1843 - Inoue Kowashi, Japanese statesman (d. 1895)
1846 - Raimundo Andueza Palacio, 24th President of Venezuela (d. 1900)
1847 - Henry Janeway Hardenbergh, American architect (d. 1918)
1852 - Vasily Safonov, Russian pianist, composer and teacher (d. 1918)
1852 - C. Lloyd Morgan, British psychologist (d. 1936)
1854 - Prince Thomas, Duke of Genoa, Italian prince (d. 1931)
1859 β Wilhelm Cohn, German chess player (d. 1913)
1861 - Nikolay Zelinsky, Russian chemist (d. 1953)
1864 - John Henry Mackay, Scottish thinker and writer (d. 1933)
1866 - Karl Sapper, German explorer and linguist (d. 1945)
1870 - James Braid, Scottish golfer (d. 1950)
1872 - Robert Maillart, Swiss engineer (d. 1940)
1879 β Carl Ramsauer, German physicist (d. 1955)
1879 - Magnus Gudmundsson, Prime Minister of Iceland (d. 1937)
1879 - Edwin Samuel Montagu, British statesman (d. 1974)
1880 - Nishinoumi Kajiro II, Japanese sumo wrestler (d. 1931)
1883 - Dmitry Pavlovich Grigorovich, Russian aircraft designer (d. 1938)
1887 - Josef Frings, German cardinal (d. 1978)
1892 β William P. Murphy, American doctor, won the 1934 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1987)
1893 - Muhammad Zaffarullah Khan, Pakistani politician and diplomat (d. 1985)
1894 - Kirpal Singh, Indian religious leader (d. 1974)
1895 β Babe Ruth, American baseball player (d. 1948)
1897 - Alberto Cavalcanti, Brazilian movie director and producer (d. 1982)
1901 1950
1901 - Ben Lyon, American actor (d. 1979)
1903 β Claudio Arrau, Chilean pianist (d. 1991)
1905 β Wladyslaw Gomulka, Polish politician (d. 1982)
1905 - Jan Werich, Czech actor, playwright and writer (d. 1980)
1908 - Michael Maltese, American screenwriter (d. 1981)
1908 β Amintore Fanfani, Prime Minister of Italy (d. 1999)
1911 β Ronald Reagan, 40th President of the United States (d. 2004)
1912 β Eva Braun, wife of Adolf Hitler (d. 1945)
1913 β Mary Leakey, Kenyan archaeologist (d. 1996)
1914 - Thurl Ravenscroft, American voice actor and singer (d. 2005)
1917 β Zsa Zsa Gabor, Hungarian-American actress (d. 2016)
1919 - Takashi Yanase, Japanese manga artist
1921 - Carl Neumann Degler, American historian and author (d. 2014)
1922 β Patrick Macnee, British actor (d. 2015)
1922 - Denis Norden, British comedy writer and television presenter
1922 - Haskell Wexler, American cinematographer, movie producer and director (d. 2015)
1922 - Clifford Darling, Governor-General of the Bahamas (d. 2011)
1923 β Gyula Lorant, Hungarian footballer (d. 1981)
1924 β Billy Wright, English footballer (d. 1994)
1924 - Ivo Garrani, Italian actor (d. 2015)
1924 - Jin Yong, Hong Kong author and publisher
1929 β Colin Murdoch, New Zealand pharmacist and inventor (d. 2008)
1929 - Sixten Jernberg, Swedish cross-country skier (d. 2012)
1929 - Pierre Brice, French actor (d. 2015)
1931 β Mamie Van Doren, American actress
1931 - Ricardo Vidal, Filipino cardinal (d. 2017)
1932 β Camilo Cienfuegos, Cuban revolutionary (d. 1959)
1932 β FranΓ§ois Truffaut, French movie director (d. 1984)
1936 - Donnie Brooks, American pop music singer (d. 2007)
1939 β Mike Farrell, American actor
1939 - Jair Rodrigues, Brazilian musician and singer (d. 2014)
1940 β Tom Brokaw, American television journalist
1940 - Jimmy Tarbuck, English comedian and actor
1942 - Valentina Titova, Russian actress
1942 - Sarah Brady, American gun control campaigner (d. 2015)
1943 - Gayle Hunnicutt, American actress
1943 - Georgeanna Tillman, American singer
1944 - Michael Tucker, American actor
1945 β Bob Marley, Jamaican Reggae musician (d. 1981)
1946 β Kate McGarrigle, Canadian singer and songwriter (d. 2010)
1947 - Bill Staines, American singer-songwriter
1948 - Claude Le Roy, French footballer and coach
1948 - Bunny Rugs, Jamaican singer (d. 2014)
1949 - Mike Batt, British composer
1949 - Manuel Orantes, Spanish tennis player
1950 β Natalie Cole, American singer (d. 2015)
1950 - Timothy M. Dolan, American cardinal
1951 1975
1951 β Kevin Whately, British actor
1952 - Viktor Giacobbo, Swiss writer, comedian and actor
1952 β Ricardo La Volpe, Argentine football coach
1954 - Bob Sirois, Canadian ice hockey player
1956 - Jerry Marotta, American drummer (Orleans)
1957 - Simon Phillips, American drummer (d. 2007)
1957 - Robert Townsend, American actor
1960 β Jeremy Bowen, British journalist
1960 - Frank Jeske, East German footballer (d. 1994)
1961 - Malu Dreyer, German politician
1961 - Yury Onufriyenko, Ukrainian-Russian cosmonaut
1962 β Axl Rose, American singer (Guns N' Roses)
1962 - Stavros Lambrinidis, Greek politician
1963 - Quentin Letts, British journalist and critic
1964 - Gord Downie, Canadian singer-songwriter, musician, writer and activist (d. 2017)
1966 β Rick Astley, British singer
1967 β Zard, Japanese singer (d. 2007)
1967 - Anita Cochran, American singer
1968 β Adolfo Valencia, Colombian footballer
1969 - David Hayter, American actor
1969 - Tim Sherwood, English footballer and manager
1969 - Masaharu Fukuyama, Japanese singer-songwriter and producer
1970 - Dina Sherman, American voice actress
1971 - Brian Stepanek, American actor
1971 - Simon Stephens, English playwright
1975 β Tomoko Kawase, Japanese singer
From 1976
1976 β Princess Marie of Denmark
1976 β Kasper Hvidt, Danish handball player
1977 - Josh Stewart, American actor
1979 - Alice Weidel, German politician
1980 - Ben Lawson, Australian actor
1980 - Luke Ravenstahl, 59th Mayor of Pittsburgh
1981 - Calum Best, American-English model
1981 - Jens Lekman, Swedish musician
1981 - Shim Eun Jin, South Korean singer
1982 β Tank, Taiwanese singer
1982 - Alice Eve, English actress
1983 - Melrose Bickerstaff, American model and fashion designer
1984 - Piret Jarvis, Estonian singer
1984 β Darren Bent, English footballer
1985 β Kris Humphries, American basketball player
1986 β Mathew Tait, English rugby player
1988 - Bailey Hanks, American actress
1989 - Jonny Flynn, American basketball player
1989 - Craig Cathcart, Irish footballer
1989 - Sophie Bennett, Canadian actress and singer
1990 - Adam Henrique, Canadian ice hockey player
1991 - Maxi Iglesias, Spanish actor
1991 - Anna Sidorova, Russian curler
1992 - Cara McCollum, American journalist and beauty queen (d. 2016)
1993 - Teresa Scanlan, American model
1993 - Tinashe, American singer-songwriter, dancer and actress
1995 - Jongup, South Korean singer
1995 - Sam McQueen, English footballer
Deaths
Up to 1900
891 - Saint Photius I the Great, Patriarch of Constantinople
1215 - Hojo Tokimasa, Emperor of Japan (b. 1138)
1378 β Jeanne de Bourbon, Queen of France (b. 1338)
1497 β Johannes Ockeghem, Belgian composer (b. 1410)
1593 - Jacques Amyot, French writer (b. 1513)
1593 - Emperor Ogimachi of Japan (b. 1517)
1612 - Christopher Clavius, German mathematician and astronomer (b. 1538)
1617 - Prospero Alpini, Italian scientist (b. 1553)
1685 β Charles II, King of England, Ireland and Scotland (b. 1630)
1695 - Ahmed II, Ottoman Sultan (b. 1643)
1740 β Pope Clement XII (b. 1652)
1783 - Lancelot "Capability" Brown, English gardener (b. 1716)
1793 - Carlo Goldoni, Italian playwright (b. 1707)
1804 β Joseph Priestley, English-American theologian, philosopher, chemist and physicist (b. 1733)
1834 - Richard Lemon Lander, English explorer (b. 1804)
1855 - Josef Munzinger, Swiss Federal Councillor (b. 1791)
1899 β Leo von Caprivi, Chancellor of Germany (b. 1831)
1899 β Prince Alfred of Saxe-Coburg Gotha (b. 1874)
1901 2000
1910 - Alfonso Maria Fusco, Italian Roman Catholic priest (b. 1839)
1916 β Ruben Dario, Nicaraguan writer (b. 1867)
1918 β Gustav Klimt, Austrian painter (b. 1862)
1929 β Maria Christina of Austria, Queen of Spain (b. 1858)
1931 - Motilal Nehru, Indian politician (b. 1861)
1933 - Jackson Showalter, American chess player (b. 1860)
1938 - Marianne von Werefkin, Russian-Swiss painter (b. 1860)
1942 - Jaan Soots, Estonian general and politician (b. 1880)
1950 - Georges Imbert, Alsatian chemist (b. 1884)
1952 β George VI, King of the United Kingdom (b. 1895)
1956 - Henri ChrΓ©tien, French astronomer, professor and inventor (b. 1879)
1958 - Manchester United players killed in the Munich Air Disaster:
David Pegg, English footballer (b. 1935)
Tommy Taylor, English footballer (b. 1932)
Geoff Bent, English footballer (b. 1932)
Roger Byrne, English footballer (b. 1929)
Eddie Colman, English footballer (b. 1936)
Mark Jones, English footballer (b. 1933)
Frank Swift, English footballer (b. 1913)
Walter Crickmer, English footballer and manager (b. 1900)
1964 β Emilio Aguinaldo, President of the Philippines (b. 1869)
1981 - Frederika of Hanover, Queen Consort of Greece (b. 1917)
1981 - Hugo Montenegro, American movie music composer (b. 1925)
1984 β Jorge Guillen, Spanish poet (b. 1893)
1986 - Frederick Coutts, Scottish 8th General of the Salvation Army (b. 1899)
1986 - Minoru Yamasaki, American architect (b. 1912)
1989 β Chris Gueffroy, German, last person to die crossing the Berlin Wall (b. 1968)
1990 - Jimmy van Heusen, American composer (b. 1913)
1991 β Salvador Luria, Italian biologist (b. 1912)
1991 - Danny Thomas, American signer, comedian and actor (b. 1914)
1993 β Arthur Ashe, American tennis player (b. 1943)
1994 - Joseph Cotten, American actor (b. 1905)
1994 β Jack Kirby, American comic book writer (b. 1917)
1996 - Guy Madison, American actor (b. 1922)
1998 β Falco, Austrian singer (b. 1957)
1998 β Carl Wilson, American musician (The Beach Boys) (b. 1946)
1999 - Don Dunstan, 35th Premier of South Australia (b. 1926)
1999 - Jimmy Roberts, American tenor (b. 1924)
From 2001
2002 β Max Perutz, Austrian molecular biologist (b. 1914)
2009 β James Whitmore, American actor (b. 1921)
2010 β John Dankworth, British jazz musician (b. 1927)
2011 β Josefa Iloilo, 3rd President of Fiji (b. 1920)
2011 β Gary Moore, Northern Irish musician (b. 1952)
2012 - Antoni Tapies, Catalan artist (b. 1923)
2012 - Janice E. Voss, American astronaut (b. 1956)
2013 - Chokri Belaid, Tunisian lawyer and politician (b. 1964)
2013 - Stuart Freeborn, British make-up artist (b. 1914)
2014 - Ralph Kiner, American baseball player (b. 1922)
2015 - Marisa Del Frate, Italian actress (b. 1931)
2015 - Alan Nunnelee, American politician (b. 1958)
2015 - Assia Djebar, Algerian novelist, translator and filmmaker (b. 1936)
2015 - AndrΓ© Brink, South African writer (b. 1935)
2015 - Kathrine Windfeld, Danish movie director (b. 1966)
2015 - Norm Drucker, American basketball player (b. 1920)
2016
Dan Hicks, American singer-songwriter (b. 1941)
Robin Chandler Duke, American social advocate and diplomat (b. 1923)
Birte Tove, Danish actress (b. 1945)
Eddy Wally, Belgian singer (b. 1932)
2017 - Boy Asistio, Filipino politician (b. 1936)
2017 - Ritchie Yorke, Australian-English author and broadcaster (b. 1944)
2017 - JosΓ© Gea Escolano, Spanish archbishop (b. 1929)
2017 - Roger Walkowiak, French cyclist (b. 1927)
2017 - Irwin Corey, American actor and comedian (b. 1914)
2017 - Joost van der Westhuizen, South African rugby player (b. 1971)
2017 - Inge Keller, German actress (b. 1923)
2017 - Alec McCowen, English actor (b. 1925)
2017 - Ivar Aronsson, Swedish rower (b. 1928)
2017 - Neil Gehrels, American astronomer (b. 1952)
2017 - Djelloul Khatib, Algerian independence activist and politician (b. 1936)
2017 - Raymond Smullyan, American mathematician and philosopher (b. 1919)
2018 - John Perry Barlow, American writer, songwriter and internet activist (b. 1947)
2018 - Liliana Bodoc, Argentine author (b. 1958)
2018 - Jao Tsung-I, Chinese-Hong Kong scholar (b. 1917)
2018 - Joe Knollenberg, American politician (b. 1933)
2018 - Madavoor Vasudevan Nair, Indian dancer (b. 1929)
Observances
Waitangi Day in New Zealand
Sami National Day (Finland, Norway, Sweden, parts of Russia)
Ronald Reagan Day (California, Wisconsin, Illinois)
Accession Day (since 1952), in the United Kingdom and all the other countries of which Queen Elizabeth II is Head of State
February 06 |
8732 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1911 | 1911 | 1911 (MCMXI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
Events
April 19 β Michel Fokine's Le Spectre de la Rose debuts in Monte Carlo with Nijinsky in the title role
June 13 β Michel Fokine's Petrushka debuts in Paris with Nijinsky in the title role
December 14 β Roald Amundsen arrived the south pole
Date unknown
The Secret Garden is published
Allvar Gullstrand, Swedish ophthalmologist, won the 1911 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition is published
Births
February 6 β Ronald Reagan, 40th President of the United States (d. 2004)
June 24 β Juan Manuel Fangio, legendary Formula 1 driver
Deaths
January 17 β Sir Francis Galton
March 1 β Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff
April 25 β Emilio Salgari
May 18 β Gustav Mahler
May 21 β Williamina Fleming
May 29 β William S. Gilbert
June 9 β Carrie Nation
August 1 β Edwin Austin Abbey
August 8 β William P. Frye
September 16 β Edward Whymper
October 7 β John Hughlings Jackson
October 14 β John Marshall Harlan
October 29 β Joseph Pulitzer
October 31 β John Joseph Montgomery
December 10 β Joseph Dalton Hooker |
8733 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/March%2029 | March 29 |
Events
Up to 1900
502 - King Gundobad issues a new legal code (Lex Burgundionum) at Lyon that makes Gallo-Romans and Burgundians subject to the same laws.
1430 - The Ottoman Empire under Murad II captures the Byzantine city of Thessalonica.
1461 - Wars of the Roses: In the Battle of Towton, Edward of York defeats Margaret of Anjou to become King Edward IV of England.
1549 - The city of Salvador, Bahia, northeastern Brazil, is founded.
1632 - The Treaty of Saint-Germain is signed, returning Quebec to French control after the English had seized it in 1629.
1638 - Swedish colonists create the first European settlement in Delaware, naming it New Sweden.
1792 β King Gustav III of Sweden dies, after being shot at a masquerade ball.
1809 β Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden abdicates, and the Grand Duchy of Finland goes to Russian control.
1847 - Mexican-American War: US forces led by General Winfield Scott take Veracruz, Mexico, after a siege.
1848 β Niagara Falls stop flowing for 30 hours, due to ice.
1849 β The United Kingdom annexes the Punjab.
1865 - American Civil War: Federal forces under Major General Philip Sheridan move to flank Confederate forces under Robert E. Lee as the Appomattox Campaign begins.
1867 - Queen Victoria gives Royal Assent to the British North America Act which creates the Dominion of Canada on July 1, 1867.
1871 - The Royal Albert Hall in London is opened by Queen Victoria.
1879 - Anglo-Zulu War: Battle of Kambula - British forces defeat an army of 20,000 Zulus.
1886 β John Pemberton brews the first Coca-Cola in Atlanta.
1886 - Wilhelm Steinitz becomes the first world champion in chess, after defeating Johannes Zukertort.
1901 2000
1930 - Heinrich BrΓΌning becomes Chancellor of Germany during the time of the Weimar Republic.
1941 - World War II: British Royal Navy and Royal Australian Navy forces defeat those of the Italian Regia Marina off the Peloponnesian coast of Greece in the Battle of Cape Matapan.
1942 - World War II: RAF Bomber Command carries out a bombing raid on the city of Luebeck in northern Germany.
1945 - World War II: Last day of V-1 flying bomb attacks on England.
1945 - World War II: The German 4th Army is almost destroyed by the Soviet Red Army.
1946 - The Instituto Tecnologico Autonomo de Mexico, one of Mexico's leading universities, is founded.
1947 - Uprising in Madagascar against French colonial rule.
1951 β Ethel Rosenberg and Julius Rosenberg are convicted of spying for the Soviet Union.
1957 - The New York, Ontario and Western Railway is abandoned in its entirety.
1959 - First showing of the movie Some Like It Hot.
1961 - The 23rd Amendment to the Constitution of the United States gives people living in Washington, DC the right to vote in Presidential elections.
1962 - President of Argentina Arturo Frondizi is overthrown in a military coup by the Argentine Armed Forces, after an 11-day constitutional crisis.
1971 β My Lai massacre: Lieutenant William Calley is found guilty of premeditated murder.
1973 β The last US combat soldiers leave Vietnam.
1974 β The Mariner 10 space probe passes by the planet Mercury, sending 2,000 photographs back to Earth.
1974 - Local farmers near Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China, discover the Terracotta Army that was buried with Qin Shi Huang, the first Chinese Emperor, in the 3rd century BC.
1976 β The last British troops leave the Maldives.
1981 β The first London Marathon takes place.
1982 - Elizabeth II approves the Canada Act.
1985 β The first Care Bears Movie is released.
1990 - In Czechoslovakia the parliament fails to agree on the country's name after the fall of Communism.
1990 - A magnitude 6.8 earthquake hits Chamoli district in Uttar Pradesh, India, killing 103 people.
1993 - Catherine Callbeck becomes Premier of Prince Edward Island, becoming the first woman to take this role in a Canadian province.
1998 - The Vasco da Gama Bridge, 17 kilometers long, is opened, crossing the Tagus in Lisbon, Portugal.
1999 - A magnitude 6.8 earthquake strikes Chamoli district in Uttar Pradesh, India, killing 103 people.
1999 β The Dow Jones Industrial Average closes at 10006.78 β above the 10,000 mark for the first time ever.
From 2001
2002 - In response to the Passover massacre, Israel launches Operation Defensive Shield against Palestinian militants.
2004 β The Republic of Ireland bans smoking in restaurants, pubs and bars.
2004 β Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia join NATO.
2006 β A Solar eclipse is seen over the Atlantic Ocean, Africa, Europe and Asia.
2008 β The first Earth Hour is observed.
2010 β Two female suicide bombers blow themselves up on the Moscow Metro, killing 39 people.
2014 - The first Same-sex marriages in England and Wales take place, with the first ones in Scotland taking place on December 31 of the same year.
2015 - The Australia national cricket team wins the Cricket World Cup, defeating the New Zealand national cricket team at the Melbourne Cricket Ground.
2017 - British Prime Minister Theresa May triggers Article 50 of the European Union treaty, to start the process of Brexit (the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the European Union).
Births
Up to 1900
1602 - John Lightfoot, English churchman (d. 1675)
1629 - Tsar Alexis of Russia (d. 1676)
1713 - John Ponsonby, Irish politician (d. 1789)
1746 β Carlo Buonaparte, father of Napoleon Bonaparte (d. 1785)
1747 - Johann Wilhelm Hassler, German composer, organist and pianist (d. 1822)
1751 - Supply Belcher, American composer and singer (d. 1836)
1769 - Nicolas Jean-de-Dieu Soult, French general and politician (d. 1851)
1790 β John Tyler, 10th President of the United States (d. 1862)
1799 β Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1869)
1813 - John Letcher, Governor of Virginia (d. 1884)
1815 - Costache Caragiale, Romanian actor, writer and theatre director (d. 1877)
1816 - Tsultrim Gyatso, 10th Dalai Lama (d. 1837)
1824 - Ludwig BΓΌchner, German philosopher and physician (d. 1899)
1826 β Wilhelm Liebknecht, German journalist and politician (d. 1900)
1830 - Eli C. D. Shortridge, Governor of North Dakota (d. 1908)
1853 - Elihu Thomson, British-American engineer, inventor and businessman (d. 1937)
1867 β Cy Young, American baseball player (d. 1955)
1869 - Edwin Lutyens, British architect (d. 1944)
1870 - Pavlo Melas, Greek officer (d. 1904)
1873 - Tullio Levi-Civita, Italian mathematician (d. 1941)
1874 β Lou Henry Hoover, First Lady of the United States (d. 1944)
1876 - Friedrich Traun, German athlete and tennis player (d. 1908)
1887 - Phraya Phahon Phonphayuhasena, Prime Minister of Thailand (d. 1947)
1888 - Enea Bossi, Italian-American engineer and aviation pioneer (d. 1963)
1889 - Warner Baxter, American actor (d. 1951)
1890 - Harold Spencer Jones, English astronomer (d. 1960)
1891 - Alfred Neubauer, German racing team manager (d. 1980)
1892 - Jozsef Mindszenty, Hungarian cardinal (d. 1975)
1895 - Ernst JΓΌnger, German writer (d. 1998)
1899 - Lavrenty Beria, Georgian-Soviet politician (d. 1953)
1900 β John McEwen, eighteenth Prime Minister of Australia (d. 1980)
1901 1950
1902 - William Walton, British composer (d. 1983)
1907 - Braguinha, Brazilian singer and songwriter (d. 2006)
1911 - Freya von Moltke, German resistance activist (d. 2010)
1913 - R. S. Thomas, Welsh poet and Anglican priest (d. 2000)
1914 - Phil Foster, American actor (d. 1985)
1914 - Chapman Pincher, British journalist, historian and author (d. 2014)
1916 - Peter Geach, British philosopher (d. 2013)
1916 β Eugene McCarthy, American politician (d. 2005)
1918 β Pearl Bailey, American singer and actress (d. 1990)
1918 β Sam Walton, American businessman (d. 1992)
1920 - Pierre Moinot, French writer (d. 2007)
1923 - Geoff Duke, British motorcycle racer (d. 2015)
1926 - Moshe Sanbar, Hungarian-born Israeli economist (d. 2012)
1927 β John Robert Vane, English pharmacologist (d. 2004)
1927 - John McLaughlin, American television personality and political commentator (d. 2016)
1929 - Sheila Kitzinger, English childbirth activist (d. 2015)
1929 - Lennart Meri, Estonian statesman and 2nd President of Estonia (d. 2006)
1929 - Richard Lewontin, American biologist and philosopher
1930 β Anerood Jugnauth, President of Mauritius
1931 - Aleksei Gubarev, Soviet cosmonaut (d. 2015)
1931 β Norman Tebbit, English politician
1931 - Stefan Andrei, Romanian politician (d. 2014)
1933 - Edvard Grimstad, Norwegian politician (d. 2014)
1935 - Ruby Murray, English actress and singer (d. 1996)
1936 - Richard Rodney Bennett, English composer (d. 2012)
1936 - John A. Durkin, American politician
1936 - Joseph P. Teasdale, former Governor of Missouri (d. 2014)
1936 - Judith Guest, American writer
1937 - Smarck Michel, 6th Prime Minister of Haiti (d. 2012)
1937 β Bruno Mora, Italian footballer (d. 1986)
1939 - Terence Hill, Italian actor
1940 - Ray Davis, American singer and musician
1940 - Astrud Gilberto, Brazilian singer-songwriter
1940 - John Suchet, British journalist
1941 β Joseph Hooton Taylor, Jr., American astrophysicist
1941 - Violeta Andrei, Romanian actress
1942 - Larry Pressler, American politician
1943 β Eric Idle, English actor and comedian
1943 β John Major, former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
1943 β Vangelis, Greek musician and musician
1944 - Nana Akufo-Addo, President of Ghana
1944 β Terry Jacks, Canadian musician, songwriter, and activist
1945 β Walt Frazier, American basketball player
1946 - Billy Thorpe, Australian singer (d. 2007)
1946 - Robert J. Shiller, American economist
1947 - Bobby Kimball, American singer
1948 - Bud Cort, American movie and stage actor, director and writer
1949 - Michael Brecker, American jazz saxophonist and composer (d. 2007)
1949 β Dave Greenfield, English musician (The Stranglers)
1949 - Pauline Marois, 30th Premier of Quebec
1949 - Kayahan, Turkish singer-songwriter (d. 2015)
1949 - Keith Simpson, British politician
1950 - Mory KantΓ©, Guinean musician
1951 1975
1952 - Teofilo Stevenson, Cuban boxer (d. 2012)
1954 - Dianne Kay, American actress
1955 β Rolf Lassgard, Swedish actor
1955 - Brendan Gleeson, Irish actor and director
1955 - Henry Bellingham, English politician
1955 - Christopher Lawford, American actor
1957 β Christopher Lambert, French actor
1958 - Pedro Bial, Brazilian producer, director, writer, journalist and television presenter
1958 - Marc Silvestri, American comics artist and publisher
1959 β Brad McCrimmon, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (d. 2011)
1960 β Jo Nesbo, Norwegian writer and musician
1960 - Annabella Sciorra, American actress
1961 β Amy Sedaris, American actress
1961 - Michael Winterbottom, British movie director
1963 - Voula Patoulidou, Greek athlete
1963 - Joan Garriga, Spanish motorcycle road racer (d. 2015)
1964 β Elle Macpherson, Australian model
1965 - Jill Goodacre, American actress and model
1965 - Dominic Littlewood, English television presenter
1965 - William Ofelein, American astronaut
1966 - Jeroen Dijsselbloem, Dutch politician
1967 - Michel Hazanavicius, French movie director, producer and screenwriter
1968 β Lucy Lawless, New Zealand actress
1971 β Robert Gibbs, former US Press Secretary
1972 - Michel Ancel, French game designer
1972 - Priti Patel, English politician
1972 β Rui Costa, Portuguese footballer
1973 β Marc Overmars, Dutch footballer
From 1976
1976 β Jennifer Capriati, American tennis player
1979 - Estela GimΓ©nez, Spanish rhythmic gymnast
1979 - Tomoe Shinohara, Japanese actress, singer, fashion designer and producer
1980 - Kim Tae-hee, South Korean actress
1980 - Prince Hamzah bin Al Hussein of Jordan
1981 - Megan Hilty, American actress and singer
1981 - Jlloyd Samuel, Trinidad and Tobago footballer
1982 - Hideaki Takizawa, Japanese actor and singer
1983 - Jeremie Aliadiere, French footballer
1984 β Mohamed Bouazizi, Tunisian fruit seller (d. 2011)
1984 β Roman Kienast, Austrian footballer
1984 - Juan Monaco, Argentine tennis player
1985 β Maxim Lapierre, Canadian ice hockey player
1986 β Sylvan Ebanks-Blake, English footballer
1986 - Luke Eberl, American actor and director
1987 - Dimitri Payet, French footballer
1989 - Arnold Peralta, Honduran footballer (d. 2015)
1990 - Teemu Pukki, Finnish footballer
1990 - Lyle Taylor, British footballer
1991 - Irene, South Korean singer, television host and actress
1991 - Hayley McFarland, American actress
1991 - Fabio Borini, Italian footballer
1991 - N'Golo KantΓ©, French footballer
1992 - Chris Massoglia, American actor
1994 - Sulli, South Korean actress, singer and dancer
1995 - Marc Musso, American actor
2012 - Isla Elizabeth Phillips, great-granddaughter of Queen Elizabeth II
Deaths
Up to 1900
87 BC - Emperor Wu of Han of China (b. 156 BC)
57 - Emperor Gwangwu of Han of China (b. 5)
1058 β Pope Stephen IX (b. 1020)
1368 - Emperor Go-Murakami of Japan (b. 1328)
1461 - Henry Percy, 3rd Duke of Northumberland, English politician (b. 1421)
1578 - Louis I, Cardinal of Guise, French cardinal (b. 1527)
1625 β Antonio de Herrera y Tordesillas, Spanish historian (b. 1549)
1772 β Emanuel Swedenborg, Swedish philosopher and mathematician (b. 1688)
1792 β King Gustav III of Sweden (b. 1746)
1826 - Johann Heinrich Voss, German poet (b. 1751)
1829 - Cornelio Saavedra, Argentine military officer (b. 1759)
1848 β John Jacob Astor, German-American businessman (b. 1763)
1855 - Henri Druey, Swiss politician (b. 1799)
1873 - Francesco Zantedeschi, Italian physicist (b. 1797)
1877 - Inazuma Raigoro, Japanese sumo wrestler (b. 1802)
1888 β Charles-Valentin Alkan, French composer (b. 1813)
1891 β Georges Seurat, French painter (b. 1859)
1901 2000
1911 - Alexandre Guilmant, French organist and composer (b. 1837)
1912 β Henry Robertson Bowers, English explorer (b. 1883)
1912 β Robert Falcon Scott, English explorer (b. 1868)
1912 β Edward Adrian Wilson, English explorer (b. 1872)
1934 - Otto Hermann Kahn, German millionaire (b. 1867)
1937 β Karol Szymanowski, Polish composer (b. 1882)
1939 - Gerardo Machado, 5th President of Cuba (b. 1871)
1940 β Alexander Obolensky, Russian prince and England rugby player (b. 1916)
1948 - Olev Siinmaa, Estonian architect (b. 1881)
1956 β Infante Alfonso of Spain (b. 1941)
1959 β BarthΓ©lemy Boganda, President of the Central African Republic (b. 1910)
1972 - J. Arthur Rank, 1st Baron Rank, English businessman (b. 1888)
1980 - Mantovani, Italian-born conductor (b. 1905)
1981 β Eric Williams, 1st Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago (b. 1911)
1982 β Carl Orff, German composer (b. 1895)
1982 - Walter Hallstein, German educator and politician (b. 1901)
1985 β Jeanine Deckers, Belgian nun and singer (b. 1933)
1985 - Luther Terry, Surgeon General of the United States (b. 1911)
1986 - Harry Ritz, Austrian-American actor (b. 1907)
1988 - Maurice Blackburn, Canadian composer, conductor and sound editor (b. 1914)
1991 - Lee Atwater, American political advisor (b. 1951)
1994 - Bill Travers, English actor, director and screenwriter (b. 1922)
From 2001
2001 β Helge Ingstad, Norwegian explorer and archaeologist (b. 1899)
2003 - Carlo Urbani, Italian physician (b. 1956)
2004 - Joel Feinberg, American philosopher (b. 1926)
2004 - Simone Renant, French actress (b. 1911)
2009 β Maurice Jarre, French composer (b. 1924)
2009 - Vladimir Fedotov, Soviet-Russian footballer (b. 1943)
2009 - Helen Levitt, American photographer (b. 1913)
2011 - JosΓ© Alencar, Vice President of Brazil (b. 1931)
2011 β Robert Tear, Welsh tenor and conductor (b. 1939)
2013 - Ralph Klein, 12th Premier of Alberta (b. 1942)
2014 - Karl Spillman Forester, American judge (b. 1940)
2014 - Birgitta Valberg, Swedish actress (b. 1916)
2014 - Yosef Hamadani Cohen, Iranian Jewish leader (b. 1916)
2014 - Marc Platt, American dancer and actor (b. 1913)
2014 - Hobart Alter, American surfer and boat designer (b. 1933)
2014 - Dane Witherspoon, American actor (b. 1957)
2015 - Juan Carlos Maccarone, Argentine Roman Catholic bishop (b. 1940)
2016 - Patty Duke, American actress (b. 1946)
2016 - Jean-Pierre Coffe, French television presenter and food critic (b. 1938)
2017 - Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov, Russian-American theoretical physicist (b. 1928)
2017 - Ken Sparks, American football player and coach (b. 1944)
2018 - Emiliano Mondonico, Italian footballer (b. 1947)
2018 - Stephen Reinhardt, American judge (b. 1931)
2018 - Rusty Staub, American baseball player (b. 1944)
Observances
Boganda Day (Central African Republic)
Youth Day (Republic of China)
Days of the year |
8734 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/January%2015 | January 15 |
Events
Up to 1900
69 - Otho seizes power in Rome, proclaiming himself Emperor of Rome, but rules for only three months before committing suicide.
1362 β A North Sea flood kills many thousands of people.
1541 - King Francis I of France gives Jean-Francois Roberval a commission to settle the Province of New France (Canada) and provide for the spread of the Roman Catholic Faith.
1559 β Queen Elizabeth I of England is officially crowned Queen of England.
1582 - Russia cedes Livonia and Estonia to the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
1759 β The British Museum is opened.
1777 - American Revolutionary War: New Connecticut (present-day Vermont) declares its independence.
1790 β The Bounty mutineers, led by Fletcher Christian, arrive on Pitcairn Island.
1815 - War of 1812: American frigate USS President, commanded by Stephen Decatur, is captured by a squadron of four British frigates.
1822 - Greek War of Independence: Demetrios Ypsilantis is elected President of the Legislative Assembly.
1844 - The University of Notre Dame receives its charter from the state of Indiana.
1865 - American Civil War: Fort Fisher in North Carolina falls to Union forces.
1870 - A political cartoon (by Thomas Nast) for the first time uses a donkey as a symbol of the Democratic Party in the United States.
1876 - The first newspaper in Afrikaans, De Afrikaans Patriot, is published.
1885 β American Wilson Bentley takes the first photographs of snowflakes.
1889 - The Coca-Cola Company, then-known as the Pemberton Medicine Company, is incorporated in Atlanta, Georgia, US.
1892 β James Naismith publishes the rules of basketball.
1901 2000
1910 - Building work begins ends on the Buffalo Bill Dam in Wyoming, United States, at 99 meters.
1919 β German socialist activists Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht are tortured and executed by the Freikorps.
1919 β The Boston Molasses Disaster, killing 21 and injuring 150 others.
1933 - A 12-year-old girl is said to have experienced the first Marian Apparition of Our Lady of Banneux in Banneux, Belgium.
1934 β A magnitude 8.1 earthquake on the India-Nepal border kills around 10,700 people.
1936 - The first building to be completely covered in glass, built for the Owens-Illinois Glass Company is completed in Toledo, Ohio, United States.
1937 - Spanish Civil War: Nationalists and Republicans both withdraw after suffering heavy losses, ending the Second Battle of the Corunna Road.
1943 β The Pentagon is dedicated in Arlington, Virginia.
1943 - World War II: The Soviet counter-offensive in Voronezh begins.
1944 β A magnitude 7.8 earthquake in San Juan, Argentina, kills around 5,000 people.
1949 - Chinese Civil War: The Communist forces take over Tianjin from the National Government.
1962 - The Derveni papyrus, Europe's oldest-surviving manuscript dating back to 340 BC, is found in Northern Greece.
1966 - Nigeria's First Republic, led by Abubakar Tafawa Balewa is overthrown in military coup d'Γ©tat.
1967 β The first-ever Super Bowl takes place in Los Angeles, as the Green Bay Packers defeat the Kansas City Chiefs 35-10.
1969 β The Soyuz 5 spacecraft is launched by the Soviet Union.
1970 - Nigerian Civil War: Biafra surrenders.
1970 - Muammar al-Gaddafi is proclaimed Premier of Libya.
1971 β The Aswan Dam in Egypt is officially opened.
1973 - Vietnam War: Richard Nixon announces the suspension of offensive action in North Vietnam, citing the progress of peace negotiations.
1975 - The Alvor Agreement is signed, ending the Angolan War of Independence.
1976 - Sara Jane Moore is sentenced to life in prison for attempting to kill President Gerald Ford.
1981 - Pope John Paul II receives a delegation from the Polish Solidarity Trade Union, led by Lech Walesa.
1991 β The United Nations deadline for Iraq's withdrawal from Kuwait expires.
1992 - The international community recognizes the independence of Slovenia and Croatia from Yugoslavia.
1993 β Mafia boss Salvatore Riina is arrested by police.
1996 β Lesotho's King, Moshoeshoe II dies in a car crash. He is succeeded by his son, Letsie III.
From 2001
2001 β Wikipedia goes online.
2004 β The South Korean Foreign Minister, Yoon Young-kwan resigns following his support for American policy towards North Korea.
2005 - The European Space Agency's SMART-1 lunar orbiter discovers elements such as calcium, aluminium, silicon, iron and other elements on the Moon.
2006 β Michelle Bachelet is elected President of Chile. She becomes Chile's first female president when she takes office on March 11.
2009 β Chesley Sullenberger, pilot of US Airways Flight 1549, steers the plane to a safe emergency landing on the Hudson River after experiencing trouble shortly after take off from New York's LaGuardia Airport.
2015 - Two suspected Jihadists are killed in an anti-terror raid in Verviers, Belgium.
2018 - British newspaper The Guardian changes to a tabloid format.
2018 - Mihai Tudose announces his resignation as Prime Minister of Romania after losing support within his own party.
2018 - A bomb attack in Baghdad kills 38 people.
2019 - A terrorist attack on a hotel complex in Nairobi, Kenya, results in 21 people being killed.
2019 - British Prime Minister Theresa May loses a parliamentary vote in the House of Commons by the biggest margin ever for a sitting Prime Minister, losing a vote on her proposed Brexit deal by 432 votes to 202.
Births
Up to 1850
5 BC β Emperor Guang Wu of Han in China (d. 57)
1292 - Joan II, Countess of Burgundy (d. 1330)
1342 β Philip II, Duke of Burgundy (d. 1404)
1432 β Afonso IV of Portugal (d. 1481)
1481 - Ashikaga Yoshizuni, Japanese shogun (d. 1511)
1538 - Maeda Toshiie, Japanese general (d. 1599)
1622 β MoliΓ¨re, French writer and philosopher (d. 1673)
1716 - Philip Livingston, American founding father (d. 1778)
1780 - Cornelius P. Comegus, American politician, Governor of Delaware (d. 1850)
1785 - William Prout, English chemist, physician and theologian (d. 1850)
1791 - Franz Grillparzer, Austrian writer (d. 1872)
1795 - Alexander Griboyedov, Russian playwright (d. 1829)
1803 - Marjorie Fleming, Scottish poet (d. 1811)
1807 - Hermann Burmeister, German naturalist (d. 1892)
1809 - Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, French anarchist (d. 1865)
1815 - William Bickerton, English-American religious leader (d. 1905)
1824 β Marie Duplessis, French courtesan (d. 1847)
1841 β Frederick Stanley, 16th Earl of Derby, Governor General of Canada (d. 1908)
1842 β Mary MacKillop, Australian saint (d. 1909)
1842 - Paul Lafargue, French journalist, literary critic and activist (d. 1911)
1842 - Josef Breuer, Austrian physician (d. 1925)
1844 - Cole Younger, American outlaw (d. 1916)
1850 β Mihai Eminescu, Romanian poet (d. 1889)
1850 β Leonard Darwin, son of Charles Darwin (d. 1943)
1850 - Sofia Kovalevskaya, Russian mathematician (d. 1891)
1851 1900
1858 - Giovanni Segantini, Italian painter (d. 1899)
1859 - Archibald Peake, Australian politician, Premier of South Australia (d. 1920)
1859 - Nathaniel Lord Britton, American geologist and botanist (d. 1934)
1862 - Loie Fuller, American dancer (d. 1928)
1863 β Wilhelm Marx, Chancellor of Germany (d. 1946)
1866 β Nathan SΓΆderblom, Swedish archbishop (d. 1931)
1867 - Princess Maria Teresa of Bourbon-Two Sicilies (d. 1900)
1869 - Ruby Laffoon, American politician, 43rd Governor of Kentucky (d. 1941)
1869 - Stanislaw Wyspianski, Polish dramatist (d. 1907)
1870 β Pierre S. du Pont, American industrialist (d. 1954)
1875 - Thomas Burke, American athlete (d. 1929)
1878 - Johanna Mueller-Hermann, Austrian composer and educator (d. 1941)
1882 - Princess Margaret of Connaught (d. 1920)
1885 - Huang Yuanyong, Chinese writer (d. 1915)
1891 - Osip Mandelstam, Russian poet (d. 1938)
1892 - Rex Ingram, Irish director (d. 1950)
1893 β Ivor Novello, Welsh entertainer and composer (d. 1951)
1893 - George, Crown Prince of Saxony (d. 1943)
1894 - Ecaterina Teodoriu, Romanian World War I heroine (d. 1917)
1895 β Artturi Ilmari Virtanen, Finnish chemist (d. 1973)
1897 β Xu Zhimo, Chinese poet (d. 1931)
1898 - Erik BylΓ©hn, Swedish runner (d. 1986)
1900 β William Heinesen, Faroese writer, poet and artist (d. 1991)
1900 β Stanley Lucas, British supercentenarian (d. 2010)
1901 1950
1902 β King Saud of Saudi Arabia (d. 1969)
1903 - Paul A. Dever, American politician, 58th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1958)
1906 β Aristotle Onassis, Greek shipping magnate (d. 1975)
1908 β Edward Teller, Hungarian physicist (d. 2003)
1909 - Jean Bugatti, German-born automobile designer (d. 1939)
1909 - Gene Krupa, American automobile designer (d. 1973)
1912 β Michel DebrΓ©, Prime Minister of France (d. 1996)
1913 β Lloyd Bridges, American actor (d. 1998)
1913 - Alexander Marinesko, German submarine captain (d. 1963)
1914 - Hugh Trevor-Roper, British historian (d. 2003)
1916 - Maurice Bavaud, Swiss activist (d. 1941)
1918 β Gamal Abdel Nasser, President of Egypt (d. 1970)
1918 β Joao Figueiredo, President of Brazil (d. 1999)
1918 - David George Kendall, English statistician and mathematician (d. 2007)
1918 - Vicente de la Mata, Argentine footballer (d. 1980)
1919 β George Cadle Price, 1st Prime Minister of Belize (d. 2011)
1919 β Maurice Herzog, French mountaineer (d. 2012)
1920 - Bob Davies, American basketball player (d. 1990)
1920 - Pamela Cundell, English actress (d. 2015)
1920 - John Joseph O'Connor, American cardinal and Archbishop of New York City (d. 2000)
1921 - Babasaheb Bhasale, Indian politician, 8th Chief Minister of Maharashtra (d. 2007)
1923 - Lee Twng-hui, 4th President of the Republic of China
1924 - George Lowe, New Zealand mountaineer (d. 2013)
1924 β Georg Ratzinger, brother of Pope Benedict XVI
1924 - Jean-Bertrand Pontalis, French philosopher, writer, editor and psychoanalyst (d. 2013)
1925 β Ernst Benda, German politician (d. 2009)
1926 β Maria Schell, Austrian actress (d. 2005)
1926 - Karl-Alfred Jacobsson, Swedish footballer (d. 2015)
1927 - Phyllis Coates, American actress
1928 - M. V. Devan, Indian artist and writer (d. 2014)
1928 - W. R. Mitchell, English writer (d. 2015)
1929 β Martin Luther King Jr., American civil rights activist (d. 1968)
1929 - Earl Hooker, American blues guitarist (d. 1970)
1934 - V. S. Ramadevi, Indian politician, 13th Governor of Karnataka (d. 2013)
1939 - Per Ahlmark, Swedish journalist and politician
1940 - Arlie Russell Hochschild, American sociologist and academic
1941 β Captain Beefheart, American singer (d. 2010)
1943 - Ashraf Aman, Pakistani mountaineer
1943 β Margaret Beckett, British politician
1944 - Jenny Nimmo, British author
1945 β Princess Michael of Kent
1945 - David Pleat, English footballer
1945 - Maria Antonia Iglesias, Spanish writer (d. 2014)
1945 - Ko Chun-hsiung, Taiwanese actor, director and politician (d. 2015)
1947 - Martin Chalfie, American biologist and Nobel Prize winner
1947 - Pete Waterman, English songwriter and producer
1948 β Ronnie Van Zant, American musician (Lynyrd Skynyrd) (d. 1977)
1950 - Bebeto de Freitas, Brazilian volleyball coach and football manager (d. 2018)
1951 1975
1951 - Catherine Trautmann, French politician
1954 - Nikos Sarganis, Greek footballer
1955 - Khalid Islambouli, Egyptian assassin (d. 1982)
1956 - Mayawati, Indian politician, 23rd Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh
1957 β Mario Van Peebles, American actor
1957 - David Ige, American politician, 8th Governor of Hawaii
1958 - Ken Judge, Australian rules footballer (d. 2016)
1958 β Boris Tadic, former President of Serbia
1959 - Pavle Kozjek, Slovenian climber (d. 2008)
1962 - Margherita Buy, Italian actress
1962 - Ken Macintosh, Scottish politician
1964 - Jackie Baillie, Scottish politician
1965 β Bernard Hopkins, American boxer
1965 β James Nesbitt, Northern Irish actor
1968 - Chad Lorre, American director, actor and producer
1968 β IΓ±aki Urdangarin, Spanish former handball player and royal
1970 β Shane McMahon, American professional wrestler, son of WWE President Vince McMahon
1972 - Claudia Winkleman, English television presenter
1973 β Essam El-Hadary, Egyptian footballer
1974 - Edith Bowman, Scottish television and radio presenter
1975 β Mary Pierce, French tennis player
From 1976
1977 - Giorgia Meloni, Italian politician
1978 - Eddie Cahill, American actor
1978 β Ryan Sidebottom, English cricketer
1979 β Martin Petrov, Bulgarian footballer
1979 - Ken Chu, Taiwanese singer, actor and Tai-chi champion
1980 β Matt Holliday, American baseball player
1981 β El Hadji Diouf, Senegalese footballer
1981 β Sean Lamont, Scottish rugby player
1981 - Pitbull, American rapper
1982 - Prince Alexander of Yugoslavia
1982 - Prince Philip of Yugoslavia
1983 - Matic Kralj, Slovenian ice hockey player
1983 - Hugo Viana, Portuguese footballer
1983 β Jermaine Pennant, English footballer
1985 β RenΓ© Adler, German footballer and goalkeeper
1985 - Clara Lee, Swiss-born British-South Korean actress
1985 - Enrico Patrizio, Italian rugby player
1986 - Jessie Schram, American actress
1987 - Tsegaye Kebede, Ethiopian runner
1987 - Kelly Kelly, American professional wrestler
1987 - Michael Seater, Canadian actor, director, producer and screenwriter
1988 - Jun. K, South Korean singer
1988 - Skrillex, American musician and producer
1989 - Ryan Corr, Australian actor
1990 - Paul Blake, English Paralympic athlete
1996 - Dove Cameron, American actress and singer
Deaths
Up to 1900
41 β Caligula, Roman Emperor (b. 12)
69 β Galba, Roman Emperor (b. 3 BC)
570 β Saint Ides, Irish nun (b. ca. 475)
936 - King Rudolph of France
1519 - Vasco Nunez de Balboa, Spanish explorer (b. 1475)
1595 β Murat III, Ottoman Sultan (b. 1546)
1623 - Fra Paolo Sarpi, Italian patriot, scholar, scientist and church reformer (b. 1552)
1683 - Philip Warwick, English writer and politician (b. 1609)
1775 - Giovanni Battista Sammartini, Italian organist and composer (b. 1700)
1781 - Infanta Mariana Victoria of Spain, Queen Regent of Portugal (b. 1718)
1815 β Emma, Lady Hamilton, mistress of Horatio Nelson (b. 1765)
1876 - Eliza Johnson, First Lady of the United States (b. 1810)
1893 - Fanny Kemble, British actress and author (b. 1809)
1896 - Mathew Brady, American photographer (b. 1822)
1899 - Serafino Dubois, Italian chess player (b. 1817)
1901 2000
1915 β Mary Slessor, Scottish Christian missionary to West Africa (b. 1848)
1916 - Modest Ilyich Tchaikovsky, Russian playwright (b. 1850)
1919 β Rosa Luxemburg, German politician and activist (b. 1870)
1919 β Karl Liebknecht, German politician and activist (b. 1871)
1926 - Enrico Toselli, Italian composer (b. 1883)
1927 - David R. Francis, American politician, Governor of Missouri (b. 1850)
1936 - Henry Forster, 1st Baron Forster, Governor-General of Australia (b. 1866)
1947 β Elizabeth Short, AKA The Black Dahlia, murder victim (b. 1924)
1948 - Josephus Daniels, American publisher and diplomat (b. 1862)
1952 - Ned Hanlon, Australian politician, Premier of Queensland (b. 1866)
1955 β Yves Tanguy, French Surrealist painter (b. 1900)
1964 β Jack Teagarden, musician (b. 1905)
1968 - William Masterton, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1938)
1983 β Meyer Lansky, mobster (b. 1902)
1987 β Ray Bolger, actor, singer, dancer (b. 1904)
1988 - Sean MacBride, Irish politician (b. 1904)
1990 β Gordon Jackson, Scottish movie and TV actor; best known as the butler "Hudson" on Upstairs Downstairs (b. 1923)
1993 β Sammy Cahn, songwriter (b. 1913)
1994 β Harry Nilsson, American musician (b. 1941)
1994 - Georges Cziffra, Hungarian-French pianist (b. 1921)
1996 β King Moshoeshoe II of Lesotho (b. 1938)
1998 β Gulzarilal Nanda, Indian politician (b. 1898)
2000 β Zeljko Raznatovic, Serbian leader (b. 1952)
2001 2015
2003 β Doris Fisher, singer and songwriter (b. 1915)
2005 β Victoria de los Angeles, Catalan soprano (b. 1923)
2005 β Walter Ernsting, German science fiction writer (Perry Rhodan) (b. 1920)
2005 β Elizabeth Janeway, United States feminist writer (b. 1913)
2005 β Dan Lee, animator for movie Finding Nemo (b. 1969)
2005 β Ruth Warrick, United States actress best known for Citizen Kane and All My Children (b. 1915)
2006 β Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah, Emir of Kuwait (b. 1926)
2007 β James Hiller, Canadian inventor (b. 1915)
2008 β Brad Renfro, American actor (b. 1982)
2009 β Said Seyam, Palestinian military commander (b. 1959)
2010 β Marshall Warren Nirenberg, American biochemist, won the 1968 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1927)
2011 β Nat Lofthouse, English footballer (b. 1925)
2011 β Susannah York, English actress (b. 1939)
2012 β Manuel Fraga Iribarne, former Prime Minister of Spanish Galicia (b. 1922)
2012 - Ed Derwinski, American politician (b. 1926)
2013 - Nagisa Oshima, Japanese movie director and screenwriter (b. 1932)
2013 - Jean-Bertrand Pontalis, French philosopher, writer, editor and psychoanalyst (b. 1924)
2014 - Roger Lloyd-Pack, English actor (b. 1944)
2014 - John Dobson, American astronomer (b. 1915)
2015 - Ervin Drake, American songwriter (b. 1919)
2015 - Kim Fowley, American record producer (b. 1939)
2015 - Val Holten, Australian cricketer (b. 1927)
2015 - Ethel Lang, British supercentenarian (b. 1900)
2015 - Jean-Claude Baker, French-American restaurateur (b. 1943)
2015 - Joseph Mukasa Zuza, Malawian bishop (b. 1955)
2015 - Rameshwar Thakur, Indian politician (b. 1927)
From 2016
2016 - Ken Judge, Australian rules footballer (b. 1958)
2016 - Dan Haggerty, American actor (b. 1941)
2016 - Oleksandr Shevchenko, Ukrainian scientist, jurist and politician (b. 1937)
2016 - P. J. Mara, Irish public affairs consultant and senator (b. 1942)
2016 - Noreen Corcoran, American actress (b. 1943)
2016 - Aristide von Bienefeldt, Dutch writer (b. 1959)
2017 - Ciel Bergman, American painter (b. 1938)
2017 - Babette Cole, English children's author (b. 1949)
2017 - Richard Divall, Australian conductor and musicologist (b. 1945)
2017 - Aleksandr Ezhevsky, Russian engineer and statesman (b. 1915)
2017 - Dermot Gallagher, Irish civil servant and diplomat (b. 1944)
2017 - Han Peixin, Chinese politician (b. 1921)
2017 - Kozo Kinomoto, Japanese footballer (b. 1949)
2017 - Vicki Lansky, American author and publisher (b. 1942)
2017 - Eddie Long, American pastor (b. 1953)
2017 - David Poythress, American military officer and politician (b. 1943)
2017 - Jimmy Snuka, Fijian-American professional wrestler (b. 1943)
2017 - Greg Trooper, American singer-songwriter (b. 1956)
2018 - Viktor Anpilov, Russian political activist and trade unionist (b. 1945)
2018 - Joe Frank, American radio personality (b. 1938)
2018 - Dolores O'Riordan, Irish singer-songwriter and musician (b. 1971)
2018 - John Spellman, American politician, former Governor of Washington (b. 1926)
2018 - Edwin Hawkins, American musician (b. 1943)
2018 - Peter Wyngarde, British actor (b. 1927)
2018 - Carl Emil Christiansen, Danish footballer (b. 1937)
2018 - Romana Acosta BaΓ±uelos, American public servant (b. 1925)
2018 - Dick King, American politician (b. 1934)
2018 - Mathilde Krim, Italian-American HIV researcher (b. 1926)
2018 - Karl-Heinz Kunde, German racing cyclist (b. 1938)
2018 - Roderick Rijnders, Dutch rower (b. 1941)
2019 - Carol Channing, American actress and singer (b. 1921)
Observances
Earliest day that Martin Luther King, Jr. Day can fall, while January 21 is the latest, on the third Monday in January (United States)
Armed Forces Day (Nigeria)
Army Day (India)
Tree Planting Day (Egypt)
Days of the year |
8735 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/May%2019 | May 19 |
Events
Up to 1900
715 - Pope Gregory II is elected.
1051 - Henry I of France marries Anne of Kiev.
1314 β Visby, on the Swedish island of Gotland, is almost completely destroyed by fire.
1364 - Charles V of France and Jeanne de Bourbon are crowned French King and Queen respectively.
1445 - John II of Castile defeats the Infantes of Aragon at the First Battle of Olmedo.
1499 β Catherine of Aragon is married by proxy to Arthur Tudor.
1535 β Jacques Cartier sets sail on his third voyage to North America.
1536 β Anne Boleyn is beheaded.
1542 - The Prome Kingdom falls to the Taungoo Dynasty in present-day Burma.
1568 β Elizabeth I of England orders the arrest of Mary, Queen of Scots.
1643 β Thirty Years' War: French forces defeat Spain in the Battle of Rocroi.
1649 β An Act of Parliament declares England a Commonwealth in a law passed by the Long Parliament, making England a republic.
1655 - The Invasion of Jamaica begins during the Anglo-Spanish War.
1743 - Jean-Pierre Christin develops the Centigrade temperature scale, similar to the Celsius scale, which was later flipped round to the same as the centigrade scale.
1749 β George II of Great Britain grants a charter of land to the Ohio Company around the Forks of the Ohio River.
1776 - American Revolutionary War: A Continental Army garrison surrenders in the Battle of the Cedars.
1780 β New England's Dark Day: thick smoke and heavy cloud causes darkness to fall over parts of Eastern Canada and New England.
1781 - King Louis XVI of France surprisingly fires his economic advisor Jacques Necker.
1792 - George Vancouver and members of his expedition become the first Europeans known to have seen Mount St. Helens, in present-day Washington in the Pacific Northwest of the United States.
1802 β Napoleon Bonaparte founds the Legion of Honour.
1845 β John Franklin's ill-fated Arctic expedition leaves England.
1848 - Mexican-American War: Mexico ratifies the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, therefore ending the war and ceding the territories of several current Southwestern United States, including California, Nevada and Utah, to the US for 15 million US dollars.
1864 - American Civil War: The Battle of Spotsylvania Court House ends.
1897 - Oscar Wilde is released from Reading Gaol Prison.
1901 2000
1903 β David Dunbar Buick founds the auto firm the Buick Motor Company.
1911 - Parks Canada, the world's first National Park Service, is founded as the Dominion Parks Branch.
1917 - Norwegian football club Rosenborg BK is founded.
1919 β Mustafa Kemal AtatΓΌrk lands at Samsun, on the Anatolian Black Sea coast.
1934 - Zveno and the Bulgarian army engineer a coup d'Γ©tat and install Kimo Georgiev as the new Prime Minister of Bulgaria.
1950 - Egypt closes the Suez Canal to Israeli ships.
1959 - The North Vietnamese Army creates Group 559, whose responsibility is to determine how to maintain supply lines to South Vietnam.
1961 β The Venera 1 space probe flies by Venus.
1962 β Marilyn Monroe sings Happy Birthday, Mr. President to John F. Kennedy at Madison Square Garden in New York. Kennedy's actual birthday was on May 29.
1969 - Future-Chancellor of Germany Helmut Kohl becomes Minister-President of Rhineland-Palatinate.
1971 β The Mars 2 probe is launched by the Soviet Union.
1974 β Valery Giscard d'Estaing is elected President of France over Francois Mitterrand, following the death of Georges Pompidou on April 2.
1991 β Croatians vote overwhelmingly for independence from Yugoslavia.
1993 - Heide Simonis becomes Minister-President of Schleswig-Holstein, as the first female Minister-President of a state of the Federal Republic of Germany.
1993 - Shortly after take-off from Panama City, on the way to Medellin, Colombia, a Boeing 727 of the SAM Colombia airline crashes against a mountain in poor weather, killing all 133 people on board.
1997 - The Sierra Gorda Biosphere, the most ecologically diverse region in Mexico, is created.
1997 - A cyclone in Bangladesh kills around 500 people.
From 2001
2001 β China's "One child policy": Zhonghua Sun is put to death by the People's Republic of China government officials because she refused to be sterilized.
2004 β Fathers 4 Justice activists hit Tony Blair with purple flour at the House of Commons in London, prompting questions about security.
2007 β Romania's President Traian Basescu survives an impeachment attempt and returns to work.
2010 β A violent military crackdown ends protests by the anti-government Red Shirts in Thailand.
2011 β Dominique Strauss-Kahn resigns as head of the International Monetary Fund, after he was arrested and charged with sexual assault in New York.
2016 - EgyptAir Flight 804, travelling from Paris to Cairo, crashes in the Southeastern Mediterranean Sea, killing all 66 people on board.
2017 - Hassan Rouhani is re-elected President of Iran, defeating Ebrahim Raisi.
2018 - The wedding of Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex and Meghan, Duchess of Sussex takes place in Windsor, Berkshire.
Births
Up to 1900
1593 - Jacob Jordanes, Flemish painter (d. 1678)
1700 - JosΓ© de Escandon, Spanish governor (d. 1770)
1724 - Augustus Hervey, 3rd Earl of Bristol, English admiral and politician (d. 1779)
1744 β Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Queen Consort of Great Britain and Ireland (d. 1818)
1762 β Johann Gottlieb Fichte, German philosopher (d. 1814)
1767 β George Prevost, British officer and diplomat, Governor-General of Canada (d. 1816)
1771 - Rahel Varnhagen, German writer (d. 1833)
1773 - Arthur Aikin, English mineralogist (d. 1854)
1795 β Johns Hopkins, American university benefactor (d. 1873)
1797 β Maria Isabel of Portugal (d. 1818)
1827 - Paul-Armand Challemel-Lacour, French statesman (d. 1896)
1849 - Adrien Lachenal, Swiss Federal Councillor (d. 1918)
1857 - John Jacob Abel, American biochemist and pharmacologist (d. 1938)
1860 β Vittorio Emanuele Orlando, Prime Minister of Italy (d. 1952)
1861 β Nellie Melba, Australian opera singer (d. 1931)
1862 β Joao do Canto e Castro, President of Portugal (d. 1934)
1870 - Albert Fish, American serial killer (d. 1936; executed by electrocution)
1871 β Walter Russell, American artist (d. 1963)
1874 - Gilbert Jessop, English cricketer (d. 1955)
1878 - Alfred LalibertΓ©, Canadian sculptor and painter (d. 1953)
1879 β Nancy Astor, Viscountess Astor, American-born British politician (d. 1964)
1879 β Waldorf Astor, 2nd Viscount Astor, American-born British politician and newspaper proprietor (d. 1952)
1880 β Albert Richardson, English architect, writer and educator (d. 1964)
1881 β Mustafa Kemal AtatΓΌrk, President of Turkey (d. 1938) (May 19 is symbolic birthday)
1882 β Mohammad Mosaddegh, Prime Minister of Iran (d. 1967)
1886 - Francis Biddle, 58th United States Attorney General (d. 1968)
1887 - Ion Jalea, Romanian sculptor (d. 1983)
1889 - Tan Da, Vietnamese poet (d. 1939)
1890 β Ho Chi Minh, Vietnamese political leader (d. 1969)
1891 - Oswald Boelcke, German pilot (d. 1916)
1893 - H. Bonciu, Romanian novelist, poet, journalist and translator (d. 1950)
1896 β Jorge Alessandri, President of Chile (d. 1986)
1897 β Frank Luke, American pilot (d. 1918)
1898 - Julius Evola, Italian philosopher (d. 1974)
1899 - Lothar Radaceanu, Romanian journalist, linguist and politician (d. 1955)
1901 1950
1906 - Bruce Bennett, American actor (d. 2007)
1908 - Manik Bandopadhyay, Indian Bengali novelist (d. 1956)
1908 β Percy Williams, Canadian athlete (d. 1982)
1909 β Nicholas Winton, British man who organised the Czech Kindertransport to save hundreds of Jewish children (d. 2015)
1910 β Nathuram Godse, assassin of Mahatma Gandhi (d. 1949)
1913 - Bill Sinkin, American equality and alternative energy activist (d. 2014)
1914 - Go Seigen, Chinese-Japanese Go player (d. 2014)
1914 β Max Perutz, Austrian-British molecular biologist (d. 2002)
1915 - RenΓ©e Asherson, English actress (d. 2014)
1916 β Blair Lee III, acting Governor of Maryland (d. 1985)
1918 - Abraham Pais, Dutch-American physicist (d. 2000)
1919 β Mitja Ribicic, former Prime Minister of Yugoslavia (d. 2013)
1921 β Yuri Kochiyama, American activist (d. 2014)
1924 - Sandy Wilson, English composer and lyricist (d. 2014)
1925 β Malcolm X, American civil rights activist (d. 1965)
1925 β Pol Pot, Cambodian dictator (d. 1998)
1926 β Peter Zadek, German theatre director (d. 2009)
1926 - David Jacobs, British broadcaster (d. 2013)
1926 - Fernand Raynaud, French actor and singer (d. 1973)
1928 β George Sinner, 29th Governor of North Dakota (d. 2018)
1928 - Colin Chapman, English automobile designer, inventor and builder (d. 1982)
1928 - Dolph Schayes, American basketball player (d. 2015)
1931 - Alfred Schmidt, German philosopher (d. 2012)
1932 β Alma Cogan, British singer (d. 1966)
1932 β Paul Erdman, American economist and writer (d. 2007)
1933 β Edward de Bono, Maltese-British lateral thinker
1934 - Bill Fitch, American basketball coach
1934 - Jim Lehrer, American journalist
1938 - Girish Karnad, Indian writer, playwright, screenwriter, actor and movie director (d. 2019)
1938 - Livio Berruti, Italian athlete
1938 - Tom Gilbey, British fashion designer (d. 2017)
1939 β Dick Scobee, American astronaut (d. 1986)
1939 β Jamie Fox, British actor
1940 - Jan Janssen, Dutch cyclist
1941 - Igor Judge, Baron Judge, Maltese-British lawyer and judge
1941 - Tania Mallet, English model and actress (d. 2019)
1941 β Nora Ephron, American screenwriter and movie director (d. 2012)
1942 - Gary Kildall, American computer scientist (d. 1994)
1942 β Robert Kilroy-Silk, English television presenter and politician
1944 - Peter Mayhew, English-American actor (d. 2019)
1945 β Pete Townshend, English musician (The Who)
1946 - Michele Placido, Italian actor and director
1946 - AndrΓ© the Giant, French-American wrestler and actor (d. 1993)
1946 β John D. Waihee III, 4th Governor of Hawaii
1947 β Steve Currie, English musician (T. Rex) (d. 1981)
1948 β Grace Jones, Jamaican singer and actress
1949 β Dusty Hill, American singer-songwriter and musician (ZZ Top and American Blues)
1950 - Austin Stevens, South African herpetologist, photographer, moviemaker and author
1951 1975
1951 β Joey Ramone, American singer (The Ramones) (d. 2001)
1952 β Bert van Marwijk, Dutch football manager
1953 β Victoria Wood, English actress, singer and comedienne (d. 2016)
1954 - Phil Rudd, Australian drummer
1955 β James Gosling, Canadian computer scientist
1956 - Oliver Letwin, British politician
1959 β Nicole Brown Simpson, American murder victim (d. 1994)
1960 - Yazz, British singer and model
1963 - Filippo Galli, Italian footballer and manager
1964 β Miloslav Mecir, Slovakian tennis player
1965 - Boris, French singer-songwriter
1966 β Jodi Picoult, American writer
1967 - Alexia, Italian singer
1967 - Massimo Taccon, Italian painter and sculptor
1968 - Kyle Eastwood, American musician
1969 - Thomas Vinterberg, Danish film director
1969 - Dan Lee, Canadian animator (d. 2005)
1970 - Stuart Cable, Welsh musician (d. 2010)
1972 β Jenny Berggren, Swedish singer (Ace of Base)
1973 β Dario Franchitti, Scottish racing driver
1973 - Alice Roberts, English anthropologist and television presenter
1975 - Jonas Renkse, Swedish singer-songwriter, guitarist and producer
From 1976
1976 - Kevin Garnett, American basketball player
1977 β Manuel Almunia, Spanish footballer
1978 β Marcus Bent, English footballer
1979 β Diego ForlΓ‘n, Uruguayan footballer
1979 β Andrea Pirlo, Italian footballer
1980 - Dean Heffernan, Australian footballer
1981 β Luciano Figueroa, Argentine footballer
1982 - Rebecca Hall, British actress
1984 - Inna Modja, Maliian-French singer
1985 - Chris Loudon, Scottish darts player
1986 β Mario Chalmers, American basketball player
1987 β Mariano Torres, Argentine footballer
1987 - David Edgar, Canadian footballer
1989 - Jasmine, Japanese singer-songwriter and producer
1991 β Jordan Pruitt, American singer
1992 - Sam Smith, British singer and songwriter
1992 - Heather Watson, British tennis player
1992 - Ola John, Dutch footballer
1994 - Carlos Guzman, Mexican footballer
Deaths
Up to 1900
804 β Alcuin, English monk and scholar (b. 735)
988 β Dunstan, Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 909)
1102 - Stephen, Count of Blois (b. 1045)
1125 β Vladimir II Monomakh, Russian prince (b. 1053)
1218 - Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1175)
1296 β Pope Celestine V (b. 1215)
1389 - Dmitry Donskoy, son of Ivan II of Moscow (b. 1350)
1526 - Emperor Go-Kashiwabara of Japan (b. 1464)
1531 - Jan Laski, Polish statesman and diplomat (b. 1456)
1536 β Anne Boleyn, wife of Henry VIII (b. 1501)
1601 - Constanzo Porta, Italian composer (b. 1528)
1637 - Isaac Beeckman, Dutch philosopher (b. 1588)
1648 - Stefan Potocki, Polish nobleman (b. 1624)
1715 β Charles Montagu, 1st Earl of Halifax, English politician and poet (b. 1661)
1795 β Josiah Bartlett, signer of the Declaration of Independence (b. 1729)
1795 - James Boswell, Scottish biographer (b. 1740)
1821 - Camille Jordan, French politician (b. 1771)
1825 - Claude Henry de Rouvroy, comte de Saint-Simon, French philosopher (b. 1760)
1831 - Johann Friedrich von Eschscholtz, Estonian-German physician, botanist and entomologist (b. 1793)
1840 - John Adair, Governor of Kentucky (b. 1757)
1860 - Ang Duong, King of Cambodia (b. 1796)
1864 β Nathaniel Hawthorne, American writer (b. 1804)
1865 - Sengge Rinchen, Mongol nobleman and general (b. 1811)
1895 β Jose Marti, Cuban writer and revolutionary (b. 1853)
1896 β Archduke Karl Ludwig of Austria (b. 1833)
1898 β William Ewart Gladstone, British Prime Minister (b. 1809)
1898 β Oran M. Roberts, 18th Governor of Texas (b. 1815)
1901 2000
1901 β Marthinus Wessel Pretorius, South African politician (b. 1819)
1904 - Jamsetji Tata, Indian industrialist (b. 1831)
1907 - Benjamin Baker, English engineer (b. 1840)
1912 - Boleslaw Prus, Polish writer (b. 1842)
1935 β T. E. Lawrence, English soldier known as Lawrence of Arabia (b. 1888)
1943 β Kristjan Raud, Estonian painter (b. 1865)
1950 - Daniel Ciugureanu, Moldovan politician and Prime Minister (b. 1884)
1950 - Giuseppe Garibaldi II, Italian adventurer, grandson of Giuseppe Garibaldi (b. 1879)
1954 β Charles Ives, composer (b. 1874)
1955 - Concha Espina, Spanish writer (b. 1869)
1962 - Gabriele MΓΌnter, German painter (b. 1877)
1963 β Walter Russell, American artist (b. 1880)
1965 - Maria Dobrowska, Polish writer (b. 1889)
1965 β Tu'i Malila, world's oldest tortoise (b. 1877)
1966 - Theodore F. Green, American politician, 57th Governor of Rhode Island (b. 1867)
1969 β Coleman Hawkins, American jazz saxophonist (b. 1901)
1971 β Ogden Nash, American poet (b. 1902)
1975 β Robert E. Quinn, Governor of Rhode Island (b. 1894)
1978 - Albert Kivikas, Estonian writer and journalist (b. 1898)
1983 β Jean Ley, Belgian lawyer and politician (b. 1902)
1984 β John Betjeman, British poet (b. 1906)
1986 - Jimmy Lyons, American saxophonist (b. 1931)
1994 β Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, First Lady of the United States (b. 1929)
1998 β Sosuke Uno, Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1922)
1999 - Candy Candido, American actor and singer (b. 1913)
2000 β Yevgeny Khrunov, Soviet cosmonaut (b. 1933)
From 2001
2001 β Susannah McCorkle, American singer (b. 1946)
2002 β John Gorton, Prime Minister of Australia (b. 1911)
2006 β Freddie Garrity, English singer and actor (b. 1940)
2008 - Vijay Tendulkar, Indian playwright and screenwriter (b. 1928)
2009 β Robert F. Furchgott, American scientist (b. 1916)
2011 β Garret FitzGerald, Irish Taoiseach (b. 1926)
2012 - Ian Burgess, English racing driver (b. 1930)
2014 - Jack Brabham, Australian racing driver (b. 1926)
2014 - Zbigniew Pietrzykowski, Polish boxer (b. 1934)
2014 - Simon Andrews, British motorcycle racer (b. 1982)
2014 - Mario Missiroli, Italian movie director (b. 1934)
2015 - Ahmad Alasgarov, Azerbaijani footballer (b. 1935)
2015 - Robert S. Wistrich, Kazakh-born British-Israeli professor (b. 1945)
2015 - Happy Rockefeller, Second Lady of the United States (b. 1926)
2015 - Gerald GΓΆtting, German politician (b. 1923)
2015 - Edmond J. Gong, American politician (b. 1930)
2015 - Dale D. Myers, American aerospace engineer (b. 1922)
2015 - Burhan Muhammad, Indonesian diplomat (b. 1957)
2016 - Alexandre Astruc, French film critic and director (b. 1923)
2016 - John Berry, American guitarist (Beastie Boys) (b. 1963)
2016 - Jim Ray Hart, American baseball player (b. 1941)
2016 - Marco Pannella, Italian politician (b. 1930)
2016 - Morley Safer, Canadian-American broadcast journalist (b. 1931)
2016 - Alan Young, English-born Canadian-American actor (b. 1919)
2017 - Rich Buckler, American comic book artist (b. 1949)
2017 - Huub Ernst, Dutch Roman Catholic prelate (b. 1917)
2017 - Nawshirwan Mustafa, Iraqi Kurdish politician (b. 1942)
2017 - Stanislav Petrov, Soviet-Russian lieutenant colonel (b. 1939)
2017 - Kid Vinil, Brazilian musician and record producer (b. 1955)
2017 - Wayne Walker, American football player (b. 1936)
2018 - Harvey Hall, American businessman and politician, 25th Mayor of Bakersfield, California (b. 1941)
2018 - Maya Jribi, Tunisian politician (b. 1960)
2018 - Robert Indiana, American artist (b. 1928)
2018 - Bernard Lewis, British-American historian (b. 1916)
2018 - Reggie Lucas, American songwriter (b. 1953)
2018 - Ernst Sieber, Swiss pastor and social activist (b. 1927)
2018 - Roland Vogt, German politician (b. 1941)
2019 - Carlos Altamirano, Chilean politician (b. 1922)
2019 - Nilda FernΓ‘ndez, Spanish-French singer (b. 1957)
2019 - AmΓ©dΓ©e Grab, Swiss Roman Catholic bishop (b. 1930)
2019 - Nickey Iyambo, Vice president of Namibia (b. 1936)
2019 - Julio CΓ©sar Trujillo, Ecuadorean lawyer and politician (b. 1931)
Observances
Youth and Sports Day (Turkey)
Pontic Greek genocide Remembrance Day (Greece)
Ho Chi Minh's birthday (Vietnam)
Malcolm X Day (United States)
Days of the year |
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